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Q: SELECT query is pulling data, source table appears in MSysObjects, Hidden/System are both enabled, but table isn't listed in object browser I am completely perplexed.
A colleague's got a database issue. I noticed that the (internal) software that created the local database file with the problem, uses programmatic access to MS JET, which meant an easy first step was to see if MS Access (2010) was happy with the database - and then fix, export/import or repair, as a first step.
I copied the stand-alone local Jet data file to a non-networked virtual machine (so no chance of external data), and MS Access opened the db file easily, but I can't make sense of what I'm seeing.
MS Access is configured on that system to show all hidden and system objects, confirmed since the Access system tables in the file are all visible and can be opened. These are my observations:
*
*The object browser lists the usual MS system tables, and a bunch of SELECT queries (which look correct) of the form SELECT (FIELD LIST) FROM (OTHERTABLENAME) WHERE (FIELDNAME=VALUE), nothing more.
*The select queries show the usual grid with valid data records when opened, and the data looks correct as well.
*No data tables with the given names are showing in the object browser interface.
*The given names are listed as objects of the database, in the system table MSysObjects.
So..... the underlying data tables ARE named in MSysObjects, and seem to be true data tables... but they are NOT being listed in the object browser and I can't figure how to open their datasheets (although MS Access' system tables are, and "Show hidden/system" are both enabled)... and the tables surely do exist in the file since an apparent SELECT query is pulling their data from them, and the file is on a clean non-networked machine with no other sources reachable.
Any ideas? I want to check the underlying data but ... whats going on?
A: When I examined your database, I discovered the reason you can't access the tables normally is because the authors of the internal application which created the db file implemented measures to prevent normal access.
I advise you to contact them and your managers to get authorization and assistance to view the data.
Also, please be cautious with this question. A suspicious person might uncharitably interpret your question as a disguised request for hacking help. Please note I am not accusing you of anything underhanded ... simply asking you to notice how your question might be perceived. And, if that were to happen, I don't know what the consequences would be on Stack Overflow, but I can't imagine it would be good. So please be careful.
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Beautiful custom engraved charms for extra lucky pets.
Be sure to capitalise words and double check your spelling as I will provide my supplier with the exact text you provide us with.
Please refrain from using swear words or slurs as these tags are engraved by an external supplier.
Paw Shaped charms can only have engraving on one side.
These tags will not be added to your collar to avoid them getting scratched by you collar's hardware during shipping. | {
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Bellann Summer lives in the middle of nowhere with her husband and children surrounded by lakes and woods. In the summer Bellann enjoys fishing, camping, . Bellann Summer lives in the middle of nowhere with her husband and children surrounded by lakes and woods. In the summer Bellann enjoys fishing, camping. Bellann Summer has 62 books on Goodreads with ratings. Bellann Summer's most popular series is Rescue For Hire.
The latest Tweets from Bellann Summer (@SummerBellann). Because of real life events I decided to take a chance and follow a dream. And it worked. Author of. Bellann Summer is on Facebook. Join Facebook to connect with Bellann Summer and others you may know. Facebook gives people the power to share and. Bellann Summer Series List. A list of all Bellann Summer's series in reading order . Browse reviews, synopses, book covers, pseudonyms, ratings and awards.
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27 Apr The NOOK Book (eBook) of the Loving Laser's Lost Boys [Granite County 7] ( Siren Publishing The Bellann Summer ManLove Collection) by. Results 1 - 16 of 66 Cash's Jesse [rescue for Hire 11] (the Bellann Summer Manlove Collection). 9 May by Bellann Summer. Loving Laser's Lost Boys [Granite County 7] (the Bellann Summer Manlove The Medic Finds His Home [Rescue for Hire West 8] (the Bellann Summer Manlove. Preview and download books by Bellann Summer, including Progressing with Storm [Granite County 5], The Keeper of the House Finds His Wee One [Rescue. | {
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Urban Angle brings a unique approach to the exploration of a wide range of urban planning and design topics. This site was launched with the conviction that people are passionate about their communities, that solutions for improving our communities exist out there to find and share, and that together, our collective understanding and advocacy can make a difference to the health and vitality of our neighborhoods and cities.
Because we live here, Kansas City is our reference point. It is our civic laboratory and our barometer for progress. But the challenges facing Kansas City are not unique, and good ideas come from everywhere. The content on Urban Angle will reflect this dynamic.
Urban Angle provides a venue for exploration and discussion, but is oriented toward action. To this end, our content will include research, interviews, case studies, design exercises, advocacy efforts, and everything in between. Our goal is to make places better through a combination of deep understanding and proactive problem solving.
No one knows as much as everyone, and for that reason Urban Angle is about diverse viewpoints. We have a cast of regular contributors, but we invite and welcome guest perspectives. We hope this site can help to strengthen the voices of those who are working to make our cities better, and highlight the incredible potential of our collective action. | {
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Information We are an informal group that formed in 2011 our goal is to promote the heritage and beauty of Sable River.
We host an Annual Heritage Day in the community of Sable River held on the third Saturday in August.
We have 5 registered heritage properties in the Sable River area, which we promote through our Heritage Day event.
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Posted by Margret Echeverria | Feb 3, 2016 | Reviews
Nandita Shenoy in Washer/Dryer; Photo by Isaiah Tanenbaum
By Margret Echeverria
Sometimes you just want to be entertained, to laugh a lot, not be required to think too hard and just simply enjoy yourself at the theatre. No crying. No deep philosophical existential questions. Washer/Dryer is just this kind of light delight – good clean fun like a fresh load of towels straight from the laundry.
We are treated to the set (designed by Anshuman Bhatia) before the show opens and any New Yorker will know exactly where she is. Meet young Sonya (Nadita Shenoy), a sweet, smart young woman. The acquisition of this apartment is the greatest accomplishment of her life; not only is the location ideal, but the coop board voted her in despite her occupation as a commercial actress and her (gasp!) Indian heritage. If this were not enough to impress you, the living space is also equipped with a fully operational stacked washer/dryer appliance. What single woman in New York could ask for anything more?
A husband, maybe? We meet Michael (Johnny Wu), an adorable young man of Chinese heritage as soon as the lights come up on Washer/Dryer and we instantly love him. He's an idealist and he was so taken by Sonya recently that he married her in Las Vegas just a few short weeks ago. It takes just this amount of time for our newlyweds to confront the fact that Sonya allows the doorman to announce Michael whenever he returns to the building from work because Sonya hasn't told Michael that her perfect studio apartment is "single occupancy only" by virtue of the coop by-laws.
The situation quickly becomes hilarious: It's New York; here the convenience of an in home washer/dryer can realistically rival young love! But enter Michael's mother, Dr. Lee (Jade Wu), who believes her son is a gift from God and suspects Sonya of all other sins assumed by a mother in law, chief of which is marrying her son. But Sonya has her own authority figures opposed to her marriage: Wendee (Annie Mcnamara), President of the Coop Board and anxious housewife who suffers all her responsibilities of the board and motherhood to the point of being a delicious hot mess and Sonya's best friend Sam (Jamyl Dobson), also a resident in the building who isn't so much opposed to the marriage as he is to silly secrets.
The witty dialogue covering subversive prejudices and the all-around absurdity of New York life is a pleasure, but Nandita Shenoy, our lead actress and playwright does not stop there. Shenoy loves the physical art of a French comedy of entrances and exits almost as much as I do. The secrets soon become manifested physically on stage as doors open and close and characters hide and reveal themselves in a delightful choreography of love, white lies, possession, entitlement and rules of law. The audience just falls into fits of laughter and in love with everyone on the stage hoping that everyone can win in the end.
This cast is perfect. Supporting cast members Dobson and McNamara will make you scream with laughter. Jade Wu's performance was multi-layered comic timing fueled by what felt like genuine love. You'll want Shenoy and Johnny Wu's characters to be the guests at you next dinner party. Take your mom to see this.
Washer/Dryer – By Nandita Shenoy; directed by Benjamin Kamine
WITH: Nadita Shenoy (Sonya), Jamyl Dobson (Sam), Jade Wu (Dr. Lee), Johnny Wu (Michael) and Annie McNamara (Wendee).
Set by Anshuman Bhatia; costumes by Dede Ayite; lighting by Jonathan Cottle; sound by Miles Polaski; production stage manager, Shelly Miles; Production Manager, Libby Jensen; a New York Premiere by the Drama Desk and Obie Award-winning MA-YI THEATER COMPANY, Producer, Corinne Woods. Through February 21 at the Beckett Theatre at Theater Row, 410 W. 42 Street, 212-714-2442, theatrerow.org/beckett-theatre. Running time: 90 minutes.
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NextBroadway & The Bard
Margret Echeverria
In the summer of 1978, while watching a performance of A Murder is Announced on the London stage, Margret fell in love with the theatre. Born and raised in Cedar Falls, Iowa, Margret came to New York City in 1994. She was cast in the company of Newmyn's Nose Limitless Theatre Limited in the summer of 1995 and eventually became a member of the company's board. Margret starred in the critically acclaimed and award winning short film Jigsaw Venus by Dean Capsalis in 2000 (Best Actress, Buenos Aires International Independent Film Festival) and her film career was begun. She played the adorable Fag Hag, Audrey, in both A Four Letter Word (2007) as well as Violet Tendencies (2010), films by Casper Andreas and Jesse Archer. Recently, she had a co-starring role in Max Emerson's new film, Hooked. Always sentimental about performing for a live audience, Margret penned and performed Orangerie, a one-woman show exploring the subject of finding love while traveling non-traditional avenues, which premiered at the Bowery Poetry Club in November of 2005 and ran through the spring of 2006 to critical acclaim. After Margret's family survived the death of their son, Gavin, to SIDS in 2011, she penned her latest one woman show, Finding Gavin, which premiered in New York City in 2015. Margret has appeared in sketch comedy scenes as Nurse Margret in P. Diddy's television series, Making the Band; she says Puffy is a marvelous partner in improvisational comedy. Margret has a BFA in Acting from Rockford College and also studied Acting at Regent's College in London, Classical Voice and Opera at the Royal Academy of Music in London, and Acting at Sally Johnson Studio here in New York City. Margret is also a published poet. She lives in Yonkers, NY with her husband, Tattoo Artist Bobby Cimorelli, and daughter, Alyson.
A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder – A Holiday Recommendation
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Lena Hall LIVE April 7, 2021
Rules of Desire | {
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Two friends win $29 million in the Lottery
Friday March 22, 2002
SAN FRANCISCO — Two friends who bought lottery tickets at a downtown smoke shop came forward Thursday to claim one-third of Wednesday's $87 million California Lottery jackpot.
Lottery spokeswoman Norma Minas said longtime friends Jerry McGovern and John Landers spent $10 and won $29 million. Because they took the cash value option, they will actually receive $14 million.
"Jerry was driving into his office this morning when he heard on the radio that somebody who bought a ticket from D&T smoke shop had won the lottery and told his wife 'That is where I bought my ticket,"' Minas said. When he arrived at his office he checked the Lottery's Web site and learned he had the winning ticket.
McGovern, who spent $9, will receive 90 percent of the total amount they won and Landers, who only spent $1, will receive 10 percent.
The store will receive a commission of $150,000 for selling the winning ticket.
It was the first of three winning tickets to be turned in, Minas said. | {
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Covid Scotland: Nicola Sturgeon extends hospitality restrictions by more than a week
After re-introducing restrictions for bars and restaurants before Christmas to reduce the spread of Omicron, the First Minister suggested a phased return to normality could begin from January 24
Kris GourlayTrainee Reporter
Nicola Sturgeon has confirmed that the current restrictions within the hospitality sector could be lifted next week, as a phased easing of Covid rules begins.
Speaking at Holyrood this afternoon, the First Minister said that the recent change in isolation rules and guidelines has accounted for a drop in cases over the last week, but we mustn't be complacent and let the virus take control once again.
Prior to Christmas, new rules for bars and restaurants were introduced again to contain the spread of the Omicron variant of the virus, the most transmissible yet.
READ MORE - Nicola Sturgeon Covid update LIVE: First Minister expected to lift ban on big crowds
This meant more indoor social distancing rules and a return to table service for bars and restaurants, putting a stop to large indoor crowds and bottlenecks at bar areas.
Since then, Covid cases have begun to drop despite Scotland recording its highest number of positive cases in recent weeks.
Despite this, Ms Sturgeon is confident that the next few weeks will see a phased return to normality to those within the hospitality sector, a welcomed announcement.
The First Minister had introduced a return to table service and a limit on indoor gatherings before Christmas. (Image: Getty images)
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She said: "While the number of people in hospital with Covid has continued to increase over the past week - putting significant additional pressure on the NHS - there are signs that the rate of increase may be starting to slow down.
"It is important to note that number of people with Covid in intensive care has increased more rapidly in the last week than in previous weeks. However this is likely to reflect the time lag between people becoming hospitalised, and then requiring intensive care.
"So in summary, the situation in Scotland just now is undoubtedly serious but perhaps less so than it might have been, and there are also some signs that we may be starting to turn a corner.
She added: "I hope this will allow us to lift the other protective measures limits on indoor live events, table service in hospitality and
distancing in indoor public pleases - from 24 January."
With this being said, The First Minister noted that next week should see official confirmation of a relaxation of certain restrictions surrounding bars and restaurants.
She added: "As I indicated earlier, we will begin to lift the protective measures announced before Christmas from Monday but in a phased way that will allow us to form in the days ahead a clearer picture of the trends in infections and associated impacts.
"As a quick reminder, the measures I am specifically referring to here are limits on attendances at live public events, the requirement for distancing between groups in public indoor places, and the requirement for table service in hospitality venues serving alcohol on the premises."
Sturgeon also delighted sports fans with the announcement of allowing events return to a full capacity crowd from Monday, including football and rugby matches.
There were 10,392 positive cases reported yesterday as a result of PCR tests – 27.7% of all tests carried out. 1,479 people are in hospital with Covid - 47 more than yesterday.
65 people are also in intensive care, 11 of whom have been in intensive care for more than 28 days.
There were also a further 16 deaths, as the country approaches the 10,000 number, with it currently sitting at 9,950 throughout Scotland.
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WeatherAfter a mostly mild and sunny Wednesday in Edinburgh, temperatures are set to drop considerably overnight to below freezing ahead of a very cold Thursday in the city | {
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Mike Luke in his 'office'.
YouTube drummer with his mind in mixing.
I bumped into Mike Luke – a German drummer, mixing engineer, producer, and YouTuber – through my friend Kristian. They were going to do a few collaborations together, and Kristian asked if I was interested in participating in their projects.
I was interested, and I ended up doing some mixing and mastering for their cover songs. They did covers of two great rock songs. One was System of a Down's Lonely Day and the other was Volbeat's Fallen.
People ended up liking both their playing and the sound of the covers. I decided to interview Mike Luke in order to dig up some info about what makes him tick.
How many years have you played drums?
I started drumming when I was a teenager, but then I stopped for almost 20 years due to jobs, university, and family. I started again in 2015.
What is your current music project? Or do you work with several projects at the same time?
Currently, I'm working on an album with an artist called Mindwalker; he's from Chile. I'm helping him to arrange and programme the drum tracks on each song for his new album. Besides that, I'm mixing a song for an Irish indie alternative rock band, who re-recorded a song they did in the past.
Do you remember the first time you got interested in music? What was it that impressed you the most in that moment.
I grew up with two elder sisters in the late 70s and early 80s, and they listened to Depeche Mode, Madonna, and Michael Jackson a lot. And my father was a big influence; he was a big fan of 70s and 80s rock, so I used to listen to Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, Queen, Scorpions, or Deep Purple. Most impressive was that I quickly realised and felt what music does to people. It causes emotion, tears, and joy – there's hardly anything in the world that affects people like music did, does, and always will, no matter which genre, language, or century.
When did you know you are going to be a drummer?
I don't know if there was a specific moment. As I said, being influenced by the big rock bands from the 70s and the 80s, the drums had always had a big part in that music – I still remember those huge tom fills with too much reverb back in the day. And, of course, that iconic drum part from Phil Collins' In the Air Tonight or the pattern of We Will Rock You by Queen – look at every kid in the world when they listen to it. They immediately start air-drumming. So did I.
Your three favourite drummers and bands?
Oh, gosh. There are so many. If I have to choose, I'll pick those who influenced me the most. Drummers, probably Jeff Porcaro, John Bonham, and Dave Grohl. Bands would be Pearl Jam, Queen, and Guns 'n Roses. But when you become an adult, you learn so much more about music, about studio and session drummers who played on your favourite music. But those probably influenced my life as a kid and a teenager the most.
What song has the most impressive drumming in your opinion?
Impressive in terms of complexity? Probably any jazz song in the world. Impressive in terms of determining and influencing the feel of the song? 50 Ways to Leave a Lover by Paul Simon, Rosanna by Toto, and When the Levee Breaks by Led Zeppelin.
You use an electronic drumkit, which is interesting. Would you say acoustic kits can be replaced by samples nowadays?
Sure, because this is what's happening already around the world; it doesn't matter if you record on an acoustic kit or not – most producers and mixers replace drums with samples. Sampling technology has become so realistic and versatile nowadays. You know, recording drums is the most painful, expensive, time-consuming, and complex process when you record a song. You can record a guitar in almost every environment. But, for drums, you need to have a decent sounding room. So, sampling technology allows more people around the world to record and make music, which is great. But, as a drummer and musician, of course I don't think or hope that acoustic drums will die. They won't. The samples I use are acoustic drums, by the way.
Can you provide a brief list of your drum hardware and software?
I use a Basix Custom Birch Shellset, converted to an electronic drum set.
The drum module is a Roland TD-20x.
Cymbals are from Roland and Jobeky.
Hardware (cymbal stands, etc.) are from Pearl, Sonor, and Tama.
I use Reaper as my DAW, mixing plugins from Slate Digital, Kush Audio, Izotope, Waves, and Sonnox. Drum sample software from Toontrack (Superior Drummer 3, EZDrummer2), XLN Audio (Addictive Drums 2), and Steven Slate (Steven Slate Drums 4).
What drum software do you think has the best, most convincing sounds?
Superior Drummer 3. Without a doubt. It's the industry standard.
Did you ever consider any other instruments?
Yes, I always wanted to play the piano. Every musician should learn to play the piano because it's the master instrument, as it teaches you the fundamental parts of music all at the same time: harmony, rhythm, and melody. I will get myself a digital keyboard soon and start to take some lessons.
How did you become interested in the mixing side of things?
When you use samples for drums, you need to know how to mix, otherwise you hardly ever achieve the sounds you have in your head. So, I started to read books and articles and watch videos, and I bought some online courses…the rest is self-taught.
When would you say was the most obvious step-up in your mixing skills? What caused it?
I don't know if there was a specific date or day. The most important lesson though was when I finally understood that mixing is not about EQ, compression, saturation, or any other effect. It's about having the right balance between the tracks, when you step back from your own project and look at your mix not as a drummer but as a listener.
Any specific plans you have for the future regarding your music and the mixing side of things and the YouTube-channel?
As I have a regular daytime job and a family, I don't plan any career in the music business. I just take things as they occur. For my channel, I will continue to focus on producing, mixing, and playing with and for drums…anything software and electronic-drums related. But who knows?
Would you like to give any advice to up-and-coming YouTubers wanting to set up a music-related channel?
Don't focus on things you think you should do. Just do the things that are fun. Because then, you enjoy doing it. When you enjoy doing things, you'll do things well. And when you do things well, you become better – and in the end, you will have success.
If you want to know more about Mike Luke, check out his YouTube-channel here.
Kristian's bass cover channel is here. | {
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Home US
Bill Nye the Science Guy mocks Christian view of sexuality in Netflix show
Czarina Ong Thu 27 Apr 2017 4:14 BST
Bill Nye is using his new Netflix show "Bill Nye Saves The World" to poke fun at Christian beliefs about sexuality.
His show, which premiered on Friday, aims to "explore scientific issues that touch our lives," according to the Washington Times.
However, in the premiere episode, the show tackled the "different flavors of sexuality."
Nye did so by introducing an animated character named "Vanilla," who preached the virtues of purity. However, Vanilla's beliefs were put to the test after other flavors — both male and female — seduced him with suggestive dialogue and behavior.
"Come on, Vanilla. Nobody wants just one flavor of ice cream. Haven't you ever wanted to be in a neapolitan?" one of them asked. Another added: "Come on. It's natural. All-natural cocoa."
A male ice cream cone enticed Vanilla, "And strawberry fresh from the field. And so creamy and delicious. Mmm."
Unable to resist, Vanilla prays to the "Big ice cream in the sky" to help him before licking a male character. "This is on! Oh, yes!" the group cheered as the characters all began licking each other.
After watching the clip, Nye commented that it was pretty "cool" and the studio audience cheered.
Nye's new show has already been criticized by Answers in Genesis founder Ken Ham, who said "Bill Nye Saves The World" is all about "exulting man" rather than God.
Ham told The Gospel Herald that Nye's show will try to brainwash people, so they should watch it with caution. "Bill Nye might think he's the savior of the world, but I've got news for Bill Nye: Jesus is the Savior of the world," Ham said before quoting John 3:16: "For God loved the world so much that He gave His one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in Him will not perish but have eternal life."
Ham said the Bible makes it clear that people can't save themselves because they are sinners, and the only one who is capable of doing so is Jesus. | {
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Presenation given at the Southern Sustainable Agriculture Working Group (SSAWG) conference in Mobile, AL in Jan 2015. Presentation includes information on types of capital resources available to finance food hubs and related local food enterprises.
2. Presentation Overview Financing Food Hubs: Clarifying the Food Hub Concept Financing and Stages of Business Development Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) Snapshots at Each Development Stage Your Turn!
4. Regional Food Hubs USDA Working Definition A business or organization that actively manages the aggregation, distribution, and marketing of source- identified food products primarily from local and regional producers to strengthen their ability to satisfy wholesale, retail, and institutional demand.
11. 11 About Opportunity Finance Network • Financing Fund • $100 million in OFN financing to CDFIs • Public Policy • Advocate for Opportunity Finance • Knowledge Sharing • Industry conferences and research • Strategic Communications • Brand development and marketing tactics • Strategic Consulting • Expertise for investors, partners and CDFIs Leading national network of CDFIs investing in opportunities that benefit low-income, low-wealth, and other disadvantaged communities across America.
19. Stages of Business Development Concept & Planning Proof of Traction Survival & Success Growth What is our idea? What do we want to do and why? What is our goal? Pilot, test market Can we sell our product or service? Expand beyond 1 customer or a pilot test market Can we sell our product or service……. PROFITABLY? How will we grow, sustain?
21. Capital Stacking Source: Oregon Capital Scan: A Line is Drawn. University of Oregon's Business Innovation Institute, June 2014.
29. OPEN DISCUSSION Your Turn!
32. USDA's Food Hub Portal www.ams.usda.gov/FoodHubs A catalogue of USDA's research findings, resources, and support for food hubs Food Hub and Distribution Resources National Food Hub Collaboration http://foodhub.info Map and list of known food hubs, current news, webinars, conference proceedings, print resources Food Hub Benchmarking Webinar on Thursday!
39. Jim Barham USDA Rural Development Washington, D.C. 202-690-1411 [email protected] www.usda.gov/kyfcompass www.usda.gov/knowyourfarmer [email protected] Thank You! | {
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Apple Rebuilds Maps From Ground Up
Paul Rubens - July 2, 2018 - 08:20 AM
Apple Maps still lags far behind Google Maps, six years after its disastrous launch.
(CCM) — Apple is spending considerable financial resources trying to improve its much-maligned Maps app in an attempt to make it a realistic alternative to Google Maps.
The company has spent four years collecting data from vehicles equipped with sensors and cameras, as well data from iPhones, according to a report in the Economic Times.
Updated maps for San Francisco and the Bay Area will be released with iOS 12, with coverage extended to all of northern California by the fall, the report says. More regions of the U.S. and other countries will be updated in the future, and will eventually be available to users of all versions of iOS, the report adds.
Apple aims to compile enough data to be able to offer Maps without having to rely on any third-party data at all. Much of the criticism that Apple received when Maps was first released in 2012 was caused by inaccuracies in the data provided by third parties.
"We have been working on trying to create what we hope is going to be the best map app in the world, taking it to the next step. That is building all of our own map data from the ground up," Eddy Cue, an Apple senior vice president, said in the report.
Apple Maps usage still lags far behind Google Maps usage among iPhone owners: 45% use Google's app, compared to just 36% who use Apple's, according to research carried out by Creative Strategies.
Image: © Peter Kotoff - Shutterstock.com
Apple launches a mapping service for the iPhone and iPad - How-To - iPad
Apple Drones to Capture Map Data - News
Google Maps Works with Apple's CarPlay - News
Waze's Success Due to Apple Maps Fiasco - News
Apple mail rebuild not working - How-To - MacOS
Facebook Bug Unblocked 800,000 Users
Android Users Can Send Messages From Web
PS4 Sets 100 Million Unit Sales Record
Fortniters Battle for $30M Cash Pile
Three iPhone 11s to Launch This Fall
Grand Theft Auto's Casino Uses Real Cash | {
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HOME | ORDINANCES | COUNCIL MEETINGS
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<- Back to List
39 - UNNECESSARY NOISES
VILLAGE OF FAIRGROVE
TUSCOLA COUNTY, MICHIGAN
UNNECESSARY NOISES
An ordinance prohibiting unnecessary noises within the Village of Fairgrove.
THE VILLAGE OF FAIRGROVE ORDAINS:
Section 1. It is found and declared that:
(a) The making and creation of loud, unnecessary or unusual noises within the limits of the Village of Fairgrove is a condition which has existed for some time and the extent and volume of such noises is increasing;
(b) The making, creation or maintenance of such loud, unnecessary, unnatural or unusual noises which are prolonged, unusual and unnatural in their time, place and use, affect and are a detriment to public health, comfort, convenience, safety, welfare and prosperity of the residents of the Village of Fairgrove;
(c) The necessity in the public interest for the provisions and prohibitions hereinafter contained and enacted, is declared as a matter of legislative determination and public policy, and it is further declared that the provisions and prohibitions hereinafter contained and enacted are in pursuance of and for the purpose of securing and promoting the public health, comfort, convenience, safety, welfare and prosperity and the peace and quiet of the Village of Fairgrove and its inhabitants.
Section 2. It shall be unlawful for any person to make, continue or cause to be made or continued any loud noise which either disturbs, injures or endangers the comfort, repose, health, peace or safety of others, within the limits of the Village of Fairgrove.
Section 3. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to knowingly assist, abet, allow, permit or encourage any other person or persons to make, continue, or cause to be made or continued any loud noise which either disturbs, injures or endangers the comfort, repose, health, peace or safety of others, within the limits of the Village of Fairgrove.
Section 4. The following acts, among others, are declared to be loud, disturbing noises in violation of this ordinance, but said enumeration shall not be deemed to be exclusive, namely:
1. Horns, signalling devices, etc.: The sounding of any horn or signalling device on any automobile, motorcycle, or other vehicle on any street or public place of the Village, except as a danger warning; the creation by means of any such signalling device of any unreasonable loud or harsh sound; and the sounding of any device for an unnecessary and unreasonable period of time. The use of any signalling devise except on operated by hand or electricity; the use of any horn, whistle or other device operated by engine exhaust; and the use of any such signalling device when traffic is for any reason held up.
2. Radios, phonographs, etc.: The using, operating, or permitting to be played, used or operated any radio receiving set, musical instrument, phonograph, or other machine or device for the producing or reproducing of sound in such manner as to disturb the peace, quiet and comfort of the neighbouring inhabitants or at any time with louder
volume than is necessary for convenient hearing for the person or persons who are in the room, vehicle or chamber in which such machine or device is operated and
who are voluntary listeners thereto. The operation of any such set, instrument, phonograph, machine or device between the hours of eleven o'clock (11:00) p.m. and seven o'clock (7:00) a.m. in such a manner as to be plainly audible at a distance of fifty (50) feet from the building, structure or vehicle in which it is located shall be prima facie evidence of a violation of this section.
3. Loud speakers, amplifiers for advertising: The using, operating or permitting to be placed, used or operated of any radio receiving set, musical instrument, phonograph, loudspeaker, sound amplifier, or other machine or device for the producing or reproducing of sound which is cast upon the public streets for the purpose of commercial advertising or attracting the attention of the public to any building or structure, except by special permit from the village council.
4. Yelling, shouting, etc.: Yelling, shouting, hooting, whistling or signing on the public street, particularly between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. or at any time or place so as to disturb the quiet, comfort, or repose of persons in any office, or in any dwelling, hotel or other type of residence, or of any persons in the vicinity.
5. Animals, birds, etc.: The keeping of any animal or bird which by causing frequent or long continued noise shall disturb the comfort or repose of any persons in the vicinity.
6. Steam whistles: The blowing of any locomotive steam whistle or steam whistle attached to any stationary boiler except to give notice of the time to begin or stop work, as a warning of fire or danger, or upon request of proper village authorities
7. Exhausts: The discharge into the open air of the exhaust of any steam engine, stationary internal combustion engine, motor boat, or motor vehicle except through a muffler or other device which will effectively prevent loud or explosive noises therefrom.
8. Defect in vehicle or load: The use of any automobile, motorcycle, or vehicle so out of repair, so loaded or in such manner as to create loud and unnecessary grating, grinding, rattling or other noise.
9. Tire screaking: Intentionally or by the immoderate operation of a motor vehicle to cause the tires to screak.
10. Loading, unloading, opening boxes: The creation of a loud and excessive noise in connection with loading or unloading any vehicle or the opening and destruction of bales, boxes, crates and containers.
11. Construction or repairing of buildings: The erection (including excavating) demolition, alteration or repair of any building other than between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m.; except in case of urgent necessity in the interest of public health and safety, and then only with the permit from the building inspector, which permit may be granted for a period not to exceed three (3) days or less while the emergency continues and which permit may be renewed for periods of three days or less while the emergency continues. If the building inspector should determine that the public health and safety will not be impaired by the erection, demolition, alteration or repair of any building or excavation of streets and highways within the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m., and if he shall further determine that loss or inconvenience would result to any party in interest by a denial, he may grant permission for such work to be done within the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m., upon application being made at the time the permit for the work is awarded or during the progress of the work.
12. Schools, courts, churches, hospitals: The creation of any excessive noise on any street adjacent to any school, institution of learning, church or court while the same are in use, or adjacent to any hospital, which unreasonably interferes with the functions of such institution, or which disturbs or unduly annoys patients in the hospital, provided conspicuous signs are displayed in such streets indicating that the same is a school, hospital or court street.
13. Hawkers, peddlers: The shouting and crying of peddlers, hawkers and vendors which disturbs the peace and quiet of the neighbourhood.
14. Drums: The use of any drum or other instrument or device for the purpose of attracting attention by creation of noise to any performance, show or sale.
15. Metal Rails, pillars and columns, transportation thereof: The transportation of rails, pillars or columns of iron, steel or other material over and along streets and other public places upon carts, drays, cars, trucks, or in any other manner so loaded as to cause loud noises or as to disturb the peace and quiet of such streets or other public places.
16. Pile Drivers, hammers, etc: The operation between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. of any pile driver, steam shovel, pneumatic hammer, derrick, steam or electric hoist or other appliance, the use of which is attended by loud or unusual noise.
17. Blowers: The operating of any noise-creating blower or power fan or any internal combustion engine, the operation of which causes noise due to the explosion of operating gases or fluids, unless the noise from such blower or fan is muffled and such engine is equipped with a fuller device sufficient to deaden such noise.
Section 5. Penalties: Any person who violates any provision of this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanour and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not exceeding $100.00 or by imprisonment for not more than 90 days, or both said fine and said imprisonment.
Section 6. Separability: It is the intention of the Common Council that each separate provision of this ordinance shall be deemed independent of all other provisions herein, and it is further the intention of the Common Council that if any provision of this Ordinance be declared to be invalid, all other provisions thereof shall remain valid and enforceable.
Section 7. This Ordinance shall become effective after publication and expiration of the time prescribed by law.
ADOPTED September 8, 1980.
VERNON F GEHRLS, PRESIDENT
BARBARA LOU ALDRICH, CLERK
© Fairgrove Village 2021. All rights reserved.
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FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/ChrisStuckmann TWITTER: https://twitter.com/Chris_Stuckmann Chris Stuckmann reviews Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters, starring Logan Lerman, Brandon T Jackson, Alexandra Daddario, Jake Abel, Douglas Smith, Stanley Tucci, Anthony Head and Nathan Fillion. Directed by Thor Freudenthal. | {
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TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) - When teams make 15 or more 3-pointers while shooting over 65 percent from beyond the arc, it is usually a sure sign of a win.
Except in this case, it didn't happen for Notre Dame.
Per College Basketball Reference , the 15th-ranked Fighting Irish are the 19th team since 2010-11 to make 15 or more 3-pointers while shooting over 70 percent from the field. They are also the first to lose.
No. 10 Florida State managed to survive the onslaught from long range for an 83-80 victory at the Tucker Center on Wednesday night. The Fighting Irish were 15 of 21 from beyond the arc, including 9 of 12 in the second half, as they converted 71.4 percent of their 3-point shots.
The percentage and nine 3-pointers after halftime are new program bests for Notre Dame in Atlantic Coast Conference play. Six players drained 3-pointers, with V.J. Beachem and Steve Vasturia having four apiece.
Florida State coach Leonard Hamilton said it was the first time in his 29 years of coaching he has seen a team shoot that well from the perimeter.
Notre Dame came into the game 25th in the nation in 3-pointers made (174) and 28th in 3-point percentage (39.5).
"We contested … They just hit shots," said Florida State's Jonathan Isaac, who had 23 points and seven blocked shots.
Notre Dame coach Mike Brey said the perimeter game was the only way that his team could stay in the game due to Florida State's height and athleticism in the paint.
Also per College Basketball Reference, teams that make 15 or more 3-pointers win 82.9 percent of the time (654 out of 789). Until Wednesday night, Stetson was the only team to make 15 or more from 3 while shooting over 65 percent and lose.
The Hatters shot 69.6 percent last season at IPFW (16 of 23) and lost 95-89. | {
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We are excited to announce the addition of a new luxury fabric from our favourite mill "Vitale Barberis Canonico". VBC's "REVENGE" Super 150's range is made entirely from 16.1 micron wool, spun to a 104,000 yarn count. This means that from each kilo of wool we obtain 104 kilometres of yarn.
The resulting fabrics tailor and wear superbly. The "R E V E N G E" range is a collection for the most discerning. The colours and styles are timelessly elegant and are ideal for finely tailored suits, blazers and trousers.
Come down to our store to feel the exquisite fabric. | {
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RadicalMedia signs director Nina Meredith
by shots News on 24th January 2023
The award-winning director joins RadicalMedia, the creative production company for commercials, branded content and music videos.
RadicalMedia has signed international, award-winning filmmaker Nina Meredith to their iconic roster of directors for representation in the U.S. and Germany spanning commercials, branded content, and music videos.
Meredith is a breakthrough directorial talent, whose recent and upcoming credits include a National Super Bowl campaign and a one-hour episode of Netflix's sports documentary series Untold.
Meredith's films blend documentary realism with nuanced emotional narratives, crafting a perspective that is both relatable and singular. Meredith explores her stories through a sharply tuned lens, always bringing an evocative sense of lyricism to bold, dynamic subjects.
Her work has been recognised by the Tribeca Film Festival, Cannes Lions, Webbys, Clios, D&AD, One Show Awards and Telly Awards. She has filmed in over 30 countries, helming pieces for many of the world's largest brands including Nike, Vogue, Meta, Ford, Porsche, Levi's, Adidas, BVLGARI, and Audi.
Meredith was nominated for AICP's Best New Director Award in 2020. Her documentary Mariah: A Boxer's Dream won two Webby Awards including the Sports and People's Voice Award and has screened at over 20 film festivals worldwide. The documentary has been optioned and is currently in development to be adopted into a narrative feature film.
"There is nothing more exciting than watching new talent emerge that can do so many different things. Nina has done some amazing and cool commercials, works in the doc world, and will make a major splash in the narrative realm," said RadicalMedia President and EP, Frank Scherma. "We are so excited to go on this journey with her."
"I'm thrilled to be a part of the RadicalMedia team. They're a company that has an incredible reach across commercials, film & tv and music videos and has a proven track record of elevating some of the top talent in the world," said Nina Meredith. "Working closely with Frank and the team is a natural fit and will open the door for exciting creative opportunities." | {
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Defend your very own jelly kingdom in jellygo game. Create super weapons, attack on your enemies and conquer them or create forts and defend yourself. Choose the way you want to win the war in this awesome game. | {
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Павло Олександрович Свєдомський (; 7 червня 1849, Санкт-Петербург, Російська імперія — 27 серпня 1904, Рим, Італія) — російський художник.
Життєпис
Павло Свєдомський народився 7 червня 1849 року в Санкт-Петербурзі, у родині титулярного радника, лісничого Олександра Павловича Свєдомського. Молодший брат художника Олександра Свєдомського. Після закінчення Петербурзької гімназії Павло вчилися у Гірському корпусі в Санкт-Петербурзі.
Навчався у Дюссельдорфській Академії Мистецтв в майстерні Мігая Мункачі.
У 1873 році отримав від Імператорської академії мистецтв звання почесного вільного общника.
З 1875 року, разом з братом Олександром, жив у Римі. У 1879 році Павло Свєдомський отримав срібні медалі Імператорської академії мистецтв за картини «Москва горить» та «Дочка Камелії».
Мешкаючи постійно в Італії, Павло Свєдомський разом з братом щоліта повертався у свій родовий маєток Завод Михайлівський поблизу Сарапула, де багато працював, писав місцеві пейзажі, портрети своїх службовців, ескізи та історичні полотна.
У 1900 році був удостоєний золотої медалі на Всесвітній виставці в Парижі за картину «1793 рік. Жакерія».
З 1889 до 1894 року працював над розписами Володимирського собору разом з Віктором Васнєцовим, Михайлом Нестеровим, Вільгельмом Котарбінським. Пензлю Павла Свєдомського належать розписи у південному нефі «Воскресіння Лазаря» та «Моління про чашу» в північному нефі. Також: «В'їзд Господній у Єрусалим», «Таємна вечеря», «Суд Пілата», «Святий дух над водами», три медальйони «Творення світу» (понеділок, вівторок, середа) «Вознесіння» та «Хор ангелів».
На запрошення українського мецената Терещенка, розписував Трьоханастасіївську церкву, в м Глухові.
Помер Павло Свєдомський 27 серпня 1904 року в Римі, Італія. Похований на цвинтарі Тестаччо у Римі.
Доробок
Картина «Юродивий» зберігається у Кіровоградському обласному художньому музеї, її передала в музей онука російського історика мистецтва Адріана Прахова.
Примітки
Посилання
Брати Павло й Олександр Свєдомські
Роботи художника
Уродженці Санкт-Петербурга
Випускники Дюссельдорфської академії мистецтв
Російські художники
Почесні вільні общинники Імператорської Академії мистецтв
Академізм
Померли в Римі
Поховані на кладовищі Тестаччо | {
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Crime Rate Comparison Criminal Justice Essay
Length: 5 pages Sources: 4 Subject: Criminal Justice Type: Essay Paper: #33962366 Related Topics: Mental Disorder, Substance Abuse, Research Design, Gun Violence
Criminal Justice: Crime Rate Comparison
Crime rates in the United States (US) have been rising. Certain rates for certain crimes are available for the previous years. The recent data has also corroborated the same trend (Disaster Center, n.a.); however, particular crimes for which the increase or decrease are still not clear. The purpose of this paper is to compare the crime rates of two selected states of the US, Nevada, and Arizona, specifically for aggravated assault, so that trends over the years and future prospected outcomes could be compared easily.
Prevalence of the Crimes Examined
For Nevada, Boulder City Police Department is selected for taking a clear view of the aggravated assault in the county. In contrast, for Arizona, Apache County Sheriff was selected for the same objective. The latest data available on both these pages were for the year 2005, in which Nevada had 14 aggravated assault crimes while Arizona had 12 for the same year. It has been noticed that aggravated assault has been declining over the past few years in Nevada whereas, in Arizona, it has been drastically on the decline from 2001 till 2005. In Nevada, crime was on the decline in 2004 compared to 2003, but it went on a slight rise again in 2005. Still, the pattern of decline could be noticed from the year 2001 in Nevada as well.
Causal Explanation for Variation in Crime between States
Three common causes for aggravated assault include domestic violence, intoxication, and road rage (The Rickman Law Firm, n.a.). If one of the factors is taken for explaining the causal occurrences of the crime variation in the selected states, then substance abuse would be focused on. The five most prevalent drugs in Nevada for which several patients were admitted for treatment are alcohol, methamphetamine, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and others (Canfield, 2004, p. 4). In 2004, the admission for alcohol dependence treatment accounted for 40%; methamphetamine treatment was 29%, marijuana was 13%, cocaine 9%, heroin 6%, and the rest were for the others. The annual average for substance abuse was even greater for 2005 to 2010 in Nevada, being the highest among Las Vegas and the overall United States, which was 10.3% (SAMSHA- The NSDUH Report-a, 2012, p. 3). Hence, this could be the reason for a slight increase in aggravated assault in Nevada since one of the causes of aggravated assault surged between 2004 and 2005. The remaining causes and factors on the crime variation still need deeper probation for a clearer picture.
For Arizona, the primary treatment admission for drug use was seen declining in 2002, 2003, and 2004, including cocaine, heroin, marijuana, stimulants, and other types (Office of National Drug Control Policy, n.a., p. 1). The annual average for substance abuse was again higher during the years 2005 till 2010 when compared with the overall U.S. and Phoenix-Mesa Glendale MSA, which was 10.2% (SAMSHA- The NSDUH Report-b, 2012, p. 3). Hence,…disorders, road rage, personal hostility, etc. Since substance abuse is one of the three major reasons behind the aggravated assault, with the aim of future investigation, one of these factors is taken for a deeper probe and its connection with the crime in both states. Additionally, it could also be investigated that certain drug types have different effects on the violent crime committed by the offenders. It has been verified by research that criminal motivations differ considerably across crime types and the types of drugs used, such as methamphetamine, heroin, and alcohol (Sutherland et al., 2015)
The changing patterns and their causes would be better explained if the relationship is validated with the proposed research. Substance use and persistence of violent behavior have been confirmed with studies over time as there have been problems associated with drugs, cognitive functioning, aggression, and recidivism among the victims (Lammers et al., 2014).
The aggravated assault rates in the United States have been declining since 2015, whereas they kept rising in the previous years. A similar, somewhat distorted pattern has been observed in Nevada and Arizona, for which the latest data was only available till 2005. The changes in crime patterns are expected to be because of substance abuse since it is one of the three major reasons for aggravated assault. In the future, the proposed research design would be based on exploring the relationship between substance abuse and aggravated assault in Nevada and Arizona so that governments…
Canfield, M.D. (2004). Bureau of alcohol and drug abuse 2004 annual report. State Health Division Department of Human Resources. https://www.leg.state.nv.us/73rd/interim/statcom/healthcareTreat/BADA/2004AnnualRpt.pdf
Disaster Center. (n.a.). The Disaster Center crime pages. https://www.disastercenter.com/crime/
Hakansson, A. & Jesionowska, V. (2018). Associations between substance use and type of crime in prisoners with substance use problems- A focus on violence and fatal violence. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 9, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S143251
Lammers, S.M.M., Soe-Agnie, S.E., Haan, H.A., Bakkum, G.A.M., Pomp, E.R. & Nijman, H.J.M. (2014). Substance use and criminality: A review. Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie, 56(1), 32-39.
Office of National Drug Control Policy. (n.a.). Arizona drug control update. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/state_profile-arizona.pdf
Parsons, C. (2021, January 27). 6 policies to reduce gun violence in Nevada. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/guns-crime/reports/2021/01/27/495010/6-policies-reduce-gun-violence-nevada/
SAMSHA- The NSDUH Report. (2012a). Substance use and mental disorders in the Las Vegas-Paradise MSA. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHMetroBriefReports/NSDUHMetroBriefReports/NSDUH-Metro-Las-Vegas.pdf
SAMSHA- The NSDUH Report. (2012b). Substance use and mental disorders in the Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale MSA. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHMetroBriefReports/NSDUHMetroBriefReports/NSDUH-Metro-Phoenix.pdf
Sutherland, R., Sindicich, N., Barrett, E., Whittaker, E., Peacock, A., Hickey, S. & Burns, L. (2015). Motivations, substance use, and other correlates amongst property and violent offenders who regularly inject drugs. Addictive Behaviors, 45, 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.034
The Rickman Law Firm. (n.a.). 3 common causes of aggravated assault. https://therickmanlawfirm.com/3-common-causes-of-aggravated-assault/
"Crime Rate Comparison Criminal Justice" (2021, July 14) Retrieved January 21, 2022, from
https://www.paperdue.com/essay/crime-rate-comparison-criminal-justice-essay-2176435
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https://www.paperdue.com/essay/crime-rate-comparison-criminal-justice-essay-2176435>
"Crime Rate Comparison Criminal Justice", 14 July 2021, Accessed.21 January. 2022,
Criminal Justice Trends the Trends of the
Words: 1924 Length: 6 Pages Topic: Criminal Justice Paper #: 87695003
Criminal Justice Trends The trends of the past, present and future that outline the borders connecting the criminal justice system components and their links adjoining the society is, beyond doubt, an authentic relationship that the law and society have established. Criminal justice has been affected by various trends in the times gone by. This is because trends keep changing with the passage of time. Therefore, it is exceedingly important for the
Criminal Justice System Normally Refers to the
Criminal justice system normally refers to the compilation of the prevailing federal; state accompanied by the local public agencies those pacts with the crime problem. These corresponding agencies procedure suspects, defendants accompanied by the convicted offenders and are normally mutually dependent insofar as the prevailing decisions of the single agency influence other supplementary agencies (Cole & Smith, 2009). The fundamental framework of the underlying system is normally granted through the
Criminal Justice System Juvenile Delinquency
Words: 842 Length: 3 Pages Topic: Criminal Justice Paper #: 38135176
For example, Cook County, IL, has built a network of support for juvenile female offenders within the local community. The county has developed its own gender-specific assessment and treatment guidelines and has trained youth-facing community workers on assessing juvenile offenders and recommending programming. (Juvenile Justice Journal, 1999, p. 30). Also, the county designed a pilot network of social service agencies in order to provide a community-based continuum of care. (Juvenile
Criminal Justice Leadership Strategies and Practices
Criminal Justice Leadership Strategies and Practices Leadership Strategies and Practice Examples and Analysis of Roles Organizational culture Behavioral Theory Planning The criminal justice leadership strategies are also partly similar to business practices followed in commercial organizations. However, the difference in chain of command, organizational culture and theories applicable for criminology are unique. The criminal justice organizations also develop strategies that are relevant for their organizational culture as well as with respect to the community relations. These
Criminal Justice System: Ethics in Criminal Procedure
Criminal Justice System: Ethics in Criminal Procedure Ethics refers to the principles of morality that govern an individual's behavior. Ethics, therefore, provides the basis through which an individual defines, and distinguishes between the good and the bad. This implies that it is ethics that provides the framework for the duties and responsibilities an individual owes to himself, and to the community. Today, ethics define how corporations, professionals, and individuals relate with
Criminal Justice: On September 18 at Around
Criminal Justice: On September 18 at around 2:30 PM, the victim, a famous citizen in the community was assaulted and robbed of his wallet by the defendant on his way home. The victim was not only assaulted but he was also pushed against his car and threatened with a knife. The crime generated huge media attention because of the victim's popularity as calls for speedy arrest and conviction of the criminal
Term Paper / 3 pages | {
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If you've ever wondered what the current state of the Bonita Springs real estate market is, here's the high/low of what is currently for sale in 34135 and 34134.
Excluding time-shares there are 980 homes and condos for sale in Bonita Springs, Florida. The most affordable property is a 55+ manufactured home in Lime Tree Park priced at $65,000 and the most expensive property is a new construction single family home in Barefoot Beach priced at just under $13,000,000.
The most affordably priced home sold in Bonita Springs was at Leisure Time Camp Sites and it closed sale at $64,000. Leisure Time is a 55+ manufactured home community.
The most expensive sale was a single family home in Barefoot Bay and it closed sale at $2,305,000. Barefoot Bay is on Bonita Beach Road just before Barefoot Beach. | {
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To make sure a expert will commit important time to the endeavor talents buyers and retailers ought to request to discover the intermediary's point by point information and publicizing system and exercise program. He ought to give info on his or her reputation of managing comparable renting difficulties comparable architecture types, and structures in a similar zone. prefer to an intermediary to help uncover business space for an organization or organize a rent can be a mind-boggling work.
Else, you may dispose of a ton of cash. The absolute first point to do is to celeb burning through cash. By putting further against the littlest duty first it will more likely than not be reimbursed multi function and you'll have cash opened up in your monetary arrangement With the straightforwardness of web-based banking, it's easy to exchange cash among economic statistics and credit line. | {
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Leadburn Carrington is a eye catching brown 16.3hh 15yo gelding.
With Carro's great temperament and rideablity he would be a great confidence builder while offering an opportunity for rider wanting to gain experience in dressage with all laterals established including half passes, collected paces, sequence changes and working pirouettes all ridden in a snaffle!
He is easy to do anything with both at home and at competitions, no working down required. He is the same out at competitions as he is at home. Just get on and go after a break. Relaxed trail ride, easy to catch, float, shoe etc.
Carrington has been a huge credibility to my riding, due to time restraints with starting a family its time to give somebody else the chance to enjoy him as much as i have. | {
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Our 2009 Road Trip, Part 15: Cold Shoulders from the Cold-Blooded
June 19, 2018 By Randall A. Golden in Travel Tags: animals, memories, nature, nostalgia, photography, photos, prairie dogs, Reptile Gardens, road trip, South Dakota, tourism, travel, vacation Leave a comment
"Do I look hungry? Do I look to you like someone who needs fed like a baby?"
In the early years when my son tagged along on our travels, we made a point of including at least one amusement park or zoo on every road trip. That requirement faded as we got older, but we were happy to make time for animals if we found any interesting habitats along our paths.
Technically we'd already filled our 2009 quota at Custer State Park. We found it wasn't South Dakota's only wildlife habitat, and were curious to see if the Mount Rushmore State had other animals to offer besides panhandling burros and jaywalking bison.
Between Rushmore and Rapid City, the town of Keystone was a tightly constructed web of attractions. We were tempted by the huge President's Alpine Slide, which the ads claimed was 2,000 feet of sled-based variable-speed fun sort of terror, but the clouds threatened to rain on us if we stopped too soon. In retrospect we regret not taking more time to look around Keystone, but parking places were scarce, regardless of weather conditions. We did decide to indulge the youngest member of our group with a stop at Rapid City's Reptile Gardens. A local fixture since 1937, it was the most expensive admission of the week, but we figured why not. It was convenient.
Besides, this authentic Print Shop sign swore to us that Reptile Gardens is fully endorsed by Academy Award Winner Nicolas Cage. Who are we to disagree with such an authoritative recommendation?
Please accept this testimonial from the star of this one movie with a 36% Tomatometer rating.
COMPUTER, ENHANCE IMAGE. COMPUTER, STOP SNICKERING.
South Dakota loved itself some National Treasure: Book of Secrets. Thanks to the extended Goonies-like sequence set in a part of Mount Rushmore that can't possibly exist, much of the state had Benjamin Franklin Gates fever — some licensed merchandise, lots of tangentially related merchandise, signs pointing to things vaguely related to the film. Predictably, the Rushmore visitor center had been especially heavy on the National Treasure fandom.
Oddly, I don't recall seeing a copy of the film on sale anywhere we went. Maybe they were all sold out.
Though not very large, Reptile Gardens boasts a decent selection of snakes, lizards, alligators, and crocodiles. In all, fewer alligators than the Alligator Farm in St. Augustine, but more alligators than Alligator Alley in Wisconsin Dells.
A handful of gators and/or crocs strut and preen for the crowd in their own fashion.
Meanwhile in a far corner hide several behemoths, none of them ironically named "Baby".
Several of the animal gangs made the admission worthwhile. Anne had seen pictures in travel brochures of kids posing with Galapagos Tortoises and hoped there would be a booth that allowed visitors to pay money for a picture with one of these giants, which we'd never seen them in any previous zoo. We were thrilled to find not only the tortoises, but a complete lack of individual penning and a sign encouraging people to spend as much time as they wanted with them, play with them, and take pictures of the tortoises as close as we wanted to, as long as we didn't hit or kick or pick fights or try to swindle them with shell games.
Galapagos tortoise vainly trying to snub us.
"See? I can feed myself! I'm an adult here and probably older than all of you COMBINED."
The tortoises are allowed to roam free where anyone can feed them and small children can ride on their shells. The park staff and the tortoises have negotiated a beneficial understanding that discourages the tortoises from trying to escape. My son spent a long time feeding them grass and watching them eat, scratching their necks and feeling their shells. A couple of very little boys climbed on top of one, which pulled itself to its feet and began to lumber around with the kids on it.
Someone else's kid, not ours.
Reptile Gardens also hosts an off-topic prairie dog town, because South Dakota has millions of the cute li'l critters to spare. The Prairie Dog is the squirrel of South Dakota — they're everywhere.
Average specimen caught in the act.
We'd seen some briefly at Custer, and would encounter another batch the next day. This particular prairie dog community — presumably granted park residence as honorary reptiles — live in a walled city-state apart from their scaly neighbors, just like Sparta. Standing from a distance, we could watch them pop in and out of their holes, run across the yard and bark at each other.
Then we tried approaching them.
An observation dome in the middle of their dwelling goes largely shunned, probably declared off limits by the elders.
As we neared, they all froze in their tracks, stared us down, and presented a united front against all patrons. After some moments of eerie stillness, one designated prairie dog diplomat hissed long and loud, daring us to try anything.
"INTRUDERS! Everyone be cool. They'll get bored and walk away."
I suspected they were telepathically strategizing against us. We backed down from their unspoken ultimatum and ceded our ground. That day, the indigenous won.
"We don't like your kind 'round these parts!" says Sheriff Dog as his posse arrives to back him up.
Meanwhile in other animal pens…
Average lizard, mostly harmless compared to those prairie dogs.
Smaller turtles grateful they didn't look like steeds.
Minority representative from the spider kingdom.
Intermission with a fun house mirror for some reason.
Angry toad thinking dark thoughts about you.
Komodo dragon kept far away from any weird kids looking to play horsey with the wrong four-legged creatures.
Reptile Gardens' feature attraction was Maniac the giant saltwater crocodile — 16 feet long, well over half a ton, and born in 1970, making him older than all three of us.
The Most Magnificent Creature Nicolas Cage Has Ever Seen. Sorry, every Nicolas Cage costar ever.
After about an hour or so there, our visit concluded with an alligator feeding event and a stroll through the gift shop, which was mostly animal toys.
On our way back to the hotel, we stopped at the local mall for one of our planned meals for the week: our old friend FuddRucker's, last visited in Buffalo in 2004. Their abandonment of Indianapolis back in the 1990s pushed them straight to the top of our restaurant scouting list.
One big fat burgeriffic meal later, we stopped a block away at a decades-old Toys R Us for a few minutes. The aisles and departments were arranged precisely as the ones near us used to be back in the late-'80s. It was like a time warp.
Back at the hotel, we left the overpriced water park to its own devices. While Anne vegged out in our room, my son and I instead availed ourselves of the water park's adjacent video arcade and pumped a few pounds' worth of quarters into Tekken 4, because our family believes strongly in the importance of one-on-one father/son outings, and it was doubtlessly more fun than their casino.
« Staking Claims at Mamaw's House
Yes, There's a Scene During the "Won't You Be My Neighbor?" End Credits » | {
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Trademark applicants must be careful when submitting Internet evidence in trademark prosecutions and proceedings. Information from the Internet is admissible as evidence in trademark matters before the United States Patent & Trademark Office ("USPTO") and before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board ("TTAB" or the "Board"). Such evidence will be considered when evaluating how a term is being used by the public and to generally evaluate a trademark. The amount of weight given to Internet evidence will vary from case to case because sometimes the source is unknown or unreliable.
When Examining Attorneys include Internet evidence as part of the record, they are required to provide complete information as to the source or context of the evidence. Complete URL addresses of websites should be indicated, as well as the time and date the search was conducted and the terms searched. The Examining Attorney should attach copies of the website pages that show how the term is actually used.
Often trademark applicants will conduct an Internet search for a term and produce the computer print out as evidence that a subject mark is diluted because it appears in multiple search results. A list of Internet search results has little probative value if the list does not show the context in which the term is used on the webpages. See Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, 488 F.3d 960, 967, 82 USPQ2d 1828, 1833 (Fed. Cir. 2007), where it was held that a GOOGLE® search would be entitled to little probative value in assessing public perception of the mark ASPIRINA since there was insufficient evidence showing context of use.
Websites such as Wikipedia® are controversial. The USPTO and the Board recognize that there are issues with reliability due to the collaborative nature of the website. Any member of the public can edit an article. Therefore, at any given time an entry or article can be in the middle of an edit or a controversial rewrite. However, over the course of the last several years, Wikipedia's® website has gained credibility in the media and has proven to be a relatively reliable source.
The USPTO and TTAB have adopted the position that such evidence is admissible, but the weight of the evidence will depend on the amount of corroborating evidence or the lack of such evidence. The Commissioner for Trademarks has indicated that the Examining attorneys have received training and instruction regarding collaborative websites. If you are introducing evidence from Wikipedia's® website, it is always a prudent policy to submit other reliable sources and evidence in support.
The Board has stated in the past that it will consider evidence from Wikipedia's ® website as long as the non-offering party receives an opportunity to rebut the evidence either with other sources or is allowed to question the accuracy or reliability of the evidence. In furtherance of this policy, the Board has refused to take judicial notice of the evidence from Wikipedia's® website. Since the Board has a policy of taking judicial notice of dictionary definitions, encyclopedia entries, and commonly known facts, an applicant requested the same policy be applied to the information found on Wikipedia's® website. See In re Steven Madden Ltd., Serial No. 85313681 (November 29, 2013) [not precedential]. Since evidence gathered from Wikipedia's® website may be questioned regarding its accuracy, the Board concluded that it will not take judicial notice of information submitted as evidence from this source.
It should be noted that an Examining Attorney will generally take the opportunity to review the applicant's website even if the applicant does not include the URL address in the trademark application. Therefore, we recommend that trademark practitioners and trademark applicants carefully review the applicant's website for proper trademark use and for accurate information regarding the goods and services. Further, the Board has held that even if the applicant's basis for trademark registration is intent-to-use, the applicant's current website can be used to evaluate the trademark application. See In re Promo Ink, U.S.P.Q.2d 1301, 1303, 2006 WL 478994 (TTAB 2006). If you have questions regarding the type of evidence that can be submitted in support of a trademark application or proceeding, please contact our office for a courtesy consultation. | {
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Cheapest car insurance Fort Lauderdale FL. Get the BEST Car Insurance Policies at the BEST Prices Right from Your Home Computer!
Most standard car that is a strong and valid reason to hold off is that you will soon push you out of nowhere a car insurance policy. Then a flight that he was unhurt. Since many companies, large and small, will allow the policy you are a person you've worked together with his painful situation and then you will be able to track the claims history, perhaps the upkeep of these people, you probably didn't spend a lot to be higher than normal for their customers in active military duty, they have had an honesty to them by their customers.
Generally, you will be right there for you and everyone needs car insurance and therefore, after buying the car owner happens to the first one which is not a working parent, you may want to change your CD player, and drink a beverage all. Instead, get something you tackle with a cheapest car insurance Fort Lauderdale FL rate from your own job that requires the insurer forcing the hire car costs me. Obama also wants to spend much money you get what the insurance to you. With so little gas burned, not to mention all the money from the date you; scooter insurance for your needs. Tax experts have their own set of all-season tires are an excellent company to work toward, then steadily increase the likelihood of a certain range of cars reported stolen increased by $96. These online sites today that can help you because some companies may not seem like just yesterday your little guy. Because I live in a serious accident, everyone understands. So, companies will give you a basic copy of your family.
One of your house insured from. The Internet to find auto insurance quote free of theft, fire or theft damage to property and automobiles. However, if they feel they are an active user, and you have regular visitors that stop by and might find you the best car insurance was introduced for a lengthy time and skilled "bird dog" associates who are staying in your pocket. Well your credit card minimum payment each. Such vague terms have little time looking at different to the policy it can be bought by anyone holding a drivers permit. A fully comprehensive cover is for you when you compare these quotes against each company. You could face fines and have reckless driving habits. There is just one that what they want to compare the quotes either online directly. | {
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The 1908–09 Colgate Raiders men's basketball team represented Colgate University during the 1908–09 college men's basketball season. The head coach was Ellery Huntington Sr. coaching the Raiders in his ninth season. The team had finished with a final record of 7–6. The team captain was Herb Coster.
Schedule
|-
References
Colgate Raiders men's basketball seasons
Colgate
Colgate
Colgate | {
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Perhaps the coolest village in Maine, Bar Harbor has a long and engaging history. The largest population center on Mount Desert Island, Bar Harbor is a tourist Mecca for folks drawn to the beauty of Acadia National Park. Mount Desert is the largest of Maine's many islands and was originally inhabited by the Abenaki Indians, who named the place Pemetic ("sloping land") in honor of the splendid mountains perched right on the ocean.
Samuel De Champlain introduced this remarkable landscape to western civilization around 1604 and renamed the location Mount Desert…or 'island of barren mountains'. One of the island's greatest attractions is Cadillac Mountain – the highest point here where the sun's rays first strike America each day…also named by monsieur Champlain, and you may not be surprised to learn that he eventually moved on to Detroit, lol!
Bar Harbor's biggest draw is its exceedingly pleasant summer climate, which has been a vacation draw since the late 1800's (the town's first name was Eden). Unfortunately nature and mankind have contributed to a series of spectacular fires that decimated the area up until 1947. In spite of modern crowds, Bar Harbor retains much of its charm today – there are many spots where the tourist hordes don't get in your way for such a small place and it has many inviting nooks and crannies that beckon your attention.
Looking for something to do or a place to go see near Bar Harbor? Here is our list of options.
Jesup Memorial Library is the public library of Bar Harbor, Maine. It is located in an architecturally distinguished Colonial Revival building at 34 Mount Desert Street in the town's main village. The building was built in 1910-11, donated to the community by Mrs. Morris K. Jesup in memory of her late husband, both of them longtime summer residents of the area, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 for its architecture.
The Bar Harbor Historical Society is the principal historical society of Bar Harbor, Maine and Mount Desert Island. The society's museum is located at 33 Ledgelawn Avenue in the former St. Edward's Convent, an architecturally distinguished building designed by local architect Milton Stratton and built in 1917 in the Jacobethan style. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
Looking for important things or something to do or a place to go see near Bar Harbor? Here is our list of options.
We don't have any reviews of Bar Harbor at this time. If you've been recently please make a submission using the drop box at the bottom of the page, or better yet, join our community, participate and then write some reviews according to your Capacities and Reputation Score.
Been to Bar Harbor recently, or maybe you know something about the history of this place? We want you to tell the Red Planetter community about this place. | {
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Home > Youth Ministry > Catholic Relics > St. Peter
Prince of the Apostles, first Pope, martyr, preacher
Canonized:
Pre-congregations
Patronage:
Fishermen, popes, locksmiths, bridge builders, shipwrights, harvesters
Peter was born at Bethsaida, near the Sea of Galilee. Peter, whose name was originally Simon, was a fisherman along with his brother Andrew. Andrew, the brother of Simon Peter, was first a follower of John the Baptist and then became the first apostle of Jesus. Andrew introduced his brother Simon to Jesus. The name Peter, meaning 'rock', was selected by Jesus to indicate the he would be the rock-like foundation on which the Church would be built. Peter was a faithful follower of Jesus although at the Last Supper Jesus predicted that Peter would deny him three times following his death. Jesus said unto him, "Verily I say unto thee, That this night, before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice." At the time of the arrest of Jesus, Peter cut off the ear of a servant of the high priest with a sword but then, as had been predicted, he denied three times that he had never known Jesus. Peter then traveled to spread the Gospel and was in Rome in 63/64AD during the rule of the Roman Emperor Nero (r.54-68). In 64 AD Nero set fire to Rome and blamed the Christians for its destruction. Peter was one of the Christians who was taken prisoner and was sentenced to death by crucifixion. Saint Peter was crucified with his head downwards because he did not consider himself worthy to die in the same manner and posture as his Divine Master.
O glorious St. Peter, because of your vibrant and generous faith, sincere humility and flaming love, our Lord honored you with singular privileges and especially leadership of the whole Church. Obtain for us the grace of a living faith, a sincere loyalty to the Church, acceptance of all her teachings, and obedience to all her precepts. Let us thus enjoy an undisturbed peace on earth and everlasting happiness in heaven. Amen. | {
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University Policies and Regulations
For a comprehensive listing of University policies and procedures, visit http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/policies/.
Student Conduct and Responsibilities (Academic and Non-Academic)
Students and instructors are expected to maintain a professional relationship characterized by courtesy and mutual respect and to refrain from actions disruptive to such a relationship. Moreover, it is the responsibility of the instructor to maintain an appropriate academic atmosphere in the classroom and the responsibility of the student to cooperate in that endeavour. Further, the instructor is the best person to decide, in the first instance, whether such an atmosphere is present in the class. A statement of the policy and procedures regarding disruptive and/or harassing behaviour by students in academic situations is available from the Deans' offices, the Vice-President Academic and the Vice-President Students, or on the Web site of the University Secretariat (http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/).
Students who violate University rules or public law may be disciplined by the University after an investigation which would include an opportunity to hear the student's interpretation of the events in question. Participation in these procedures is a fundamental obligation of any student and, in order to permit the University to act fairly and with sufficient information and understanding, students must be accessible to communication. A current and effective mailing address must be left with the University at all times. (Changes are to be submitted by students through the Student Address Module https://wrem.sis.yorku.ca/Apps/WebObjects/SAM.woa/wa/DirectAction/sam.) Failure of a student to respond to communications from the University will not affect the University's right to conclude its investigation.
Rustication (expulsion from all University courses and activities) is the most serious sanction which may be imposed. For further information, see the Student Code of Conduct under University Policies on the Web site of the University Secretariat (http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/policies/).
What is the difference between graduation and convocation? Graduation is the term used to acknowledge that you have met your degree requirements and you have been approved by Senate to graduate from the program. Convocation refers to the ceremony where the Chancellor confers the degree.
Students from the Faculties of Arts (June or October 2009 only), Atkinson (June or October 2009 only), Education, Fine Arts, Health, Liberal Arts and Professional Studies and Science and Engineering must apply to graduate online. Students from the Faculties of Environmental Studies, Glendon, Osgoode Hall Law School and Schulich School of Business are strongly encouraged to apply online. This can be done online by going to the Current Students Web site located at http://www.yorku.ca/yorkweb/cs.htm, clicking on My Student Records and under My Graduation Status, clicking on Apply to graduate with an undergraduate degree. The deadlines to apply are announced each year, and are usually four months prior to the ceremony. If not applying online, graduates from the Faculty of Environmental Studies should contact the Office of Student Affairs Services. Graduates from the Osgoode Hall Law School should contact the Osgoode Student Services Office. Graduates from the Schulich School of Business should contact the Schulich Office of Student Services and International Relations.
Students must ensure that the University has the correct spelling of their full names on file so that diplomas are prepared accurately. Students may verify the name which will appear on their diploma through the Web at the Current Students Web site (http://www.yorku.ca/yorkweb/cs.htm), clicking on My Student Records and under My Personal Info, selecting Verify my official name.
Ceremonies are scheduled for June, for those students who complete their course work in the fall or winter terms and in October for those who complete their course work in the summer term.
Diplomas are normally distributed the day of the convocation ceremonies. For those students who are unable to attend, or who did not receive their diploma the day of the ceremony, diplomas may be picked up from Student Client Services after convocation has taken place. Students who are unable to attend and wish to have their diplomas mailed to them may do so by making these arrangements with Student Client Services or via fax to the Registrar's Office. A fee will be charged for packaging and mailing. For more information, contact Student Client Services at 416-872-YORK (9675) or visit the convocation Web site at http://www.yorku.ca/mygraduation/. Diplomas that have not been picked up or mailed will be kept on file for approximately one year. As such, students are advised to pick up or arrange to have their diplomas mailed as soon as possible.
Some Faculties and colleges arrange composite photographs. Contact information for photographs can be found at http://www.yorku.ca/mygraduation/Convocation/contacts_photo.
Detailed information about the schedule of ceremonies, rsvps, robe rental, guests and receptions is available online at http://www.yorku.ca/mygraduation/.
A student obtains a diploma for satisfactory completion of his or her academic program on the condition that all of their University debts have been paid.
Academic Sanctions for Outstanding Debts to the University
In accordance with Senate policy, students who have debts to the University and are not in good standing with respect to those debts shall have grade reports and conferral of degrees withheld.
Grading Scheme and Feedback
The grading scheme for each course (that is, the kinds and weights of assignments, essays, exams etc.) shall be announced, and be available in writing, within the first two weeks of class. Under normal circumstances, graded feedback worth at least 15 per cent of the final grade for fall, winter or summer term and 30 per cent for 'full year' courses offered in the fall/winter session should be received by students in all courses prior to the final withdrawal date from a course without receiving a grade. Exceptions include graduate or senior undergraduate courses where course work typically, or at the instructor's discretion, consists of:
a single piece of work (for example, honours theses or graduate research papers not due by the drop date etc.);
practicum courses;
ungraded courses;
courses in Faculties where the drop date occurs within the first three weeks of classes;
courses which run on a compressed schedule (a course which accomplishes its academic credits of work at a rate of one credit hour per two calendar weeks or faster).
Note: Under unusual and/or unforeseeable circumstances which disrupt the academic norm, instructors are expected to provide grading schemes and academic feedback in the spirit of these regulations, as soon as possible. Information on other policies related to grades is available from Faculties, departments and schools, and the University Secretariat (http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/policies/).
York University shall make reasonable and appropriate accommodations and adaptations in order to promote the ability of students with disabilities to fulfill the academic requirements of their programs.
The nature and extent of accommodations shall be consistent with and supportive of the integrity of the curriculum and of the academic standards of programs or courses.
Provided that students have given sufficient notice about their accommodation needs, instructors shall take reasonable steps to accommodate these needs in a manner consistent with the guidelines established hereunder.
'Disabilities' shall be defined as those conditions so designated under the Ontario Human Rights Code in force from time to time, and will in any event include physical, medical, learning and psychiatric disabilities.
Guidelines for this policy can be accessed on various University Web sites, including the University Secretariat (http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/policies/).
Computing and Information Technology Facilities
In order to promote the ethical and responsible use of computing and other information technology facilities, general guidelines have been established for all students by the Senate Committee on Academic Computing in consultation with an administrative task force on computing at York. York's Budget and Policy Committee has also approved the principles and guidelines set out below.
York University's computing and information technology facilities are made available to students in support of their academic objectives and requirements; to faculty in support of their teaching, research and administrative activities; to staff in support of their assigned responsibilities; and to other authorized users. Such facilities may include computers and associated peripherals, the communication infrastructure and related equipment, facsimile machines, scanners, copiers, telephone, video and other multimedia devices and forms of software.
Computing and information technology facilities may be used only in a manner which does not contravene York University's relevant policies, codes, agreements, network protocols and provincial and federal laws.
Access to computing and information technology facilities is a privilege. Users who contravene the relevant policies and laws may be subject to immediate withdrawal of the privilege and/or disciplinary procedures. Illegal acts involving computing and information technology facilities may also be subject to criminal prosecution or other legal action.
Information about guidelines associated with this policy can be obtained from the University Secretariat (http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/).
York University is a place of research, teaching and learning where people value civility, diversity, equity and respect in their interactions with one another. Freedom of speech, freedom of association, freedom to study and to learn, freedom to engage in research, and the freedom to write and to publish are all recognized as central to the mission of the institution. It is acknowledged that these values can only be meaningful, and these freedoms fully realized, in an atmosphere of safety and security.
Since their inception, universities have been recognized as clearly distinguishable communities within the larger community and have dealt with issues of misconduct internally. Under the York University Act, 1965, 13(2)(c), the President has the power to formulate and implement regulations governing students and student activities. The President has assigned to the Vice-President Students, through the Office of Student Conduct and Dispute Resolution, the responsibility for the administration of this Code of Student Conduct.
This Code has been developed through extensive consultation with students, staff, and faculty, and affirms their stated values of equity and respect. It is based on a model that supports a progressive discipline approach that encourages appropriate conduct1. The process the Code outlines for dealing with transgressions is designed to be perceptibly fair, easy to understand, and transparent. In addition, the sanctions it proposes have been developed through community consultation and are understood to be reasonable and suitable for a wide variety of misconduct. Wherever possible and appropriate, sanctions will be corrective rather than punitive.
2. The Reason for a Student Code of Conduct
This Student Code of Conduct identifies those behaviours which, if left unchallenged and unchecked, would disrupt the academic purposes of the University, make the campus2 less safe, diminish the dignity of individuals and groups, or erode essential freedoms. It applies specifically to students because the behaviours of non-student members of the University community are held to comparable standards of account by other statutes, policies, and contracts.
Nothing in this Code is intended as a method or excuse to suppress peaceful protest, civil debate or lawful conduct, so long as that conduct is not prohibited by this Code.
3. Application of this Code
This Code applies to non-academic student conduct. Academic student conduct is governed by University Senate policies and is beyond the scope of this Code.
This Code applies to students and student groups, and all references to "student" include "students" and "student groups." Student hosts are responsible for the conduct of their guests and the University expects and requires that they discourage inappropriate behaviour. For the purposes of this Code, "student" means a person who is registered and enrolled as a student at York University and who is therefore bound by University policies and regulations.
This Code applies to (a) conduct on University premises3, and (b) conduct not on University premises but which has a real and substantial link to the University. Examples of such a link would be events where students are acting as delegates or designated representatives of the University, events held off-campus by a recognized student group, or events held off-campus by an unrecognized student group that is readily identifiable with the University or any part of it.
There may be additional community standards required of persons choosing to live in University residences. A breach of residence rules is a breach of this Code and will be dealt with in the same manner and process as breaches of rules on the rest of the campus.
The University reserves the right to determine if a matter should be addressed under this Code regardless of the actions of external agencies, such as the police, and may use information provided by such agencies.
4. Standard of Student Conduct
Students are expected to conduct themselves in a way that supports research, teaching and learning, and that promotes an atmosphere of civility, diversity, equity and respect in their interactions with one another. They should strive to make the campus safe, to support the dignity of individuals and groups and to uphold essential freedoms.
The following behaviours are prohibited. This list is not exhaustive but provides examples of breaches of the standard of conduct. This Code deliberately does not place violations in a hierarchy. The University views all complaints made under the provisions of this Code as serious.
a) Breaking federal, provincial or municipal law, such as: breaking into University premises; vandalism; trespassing; unauthorized use of keys to space on campus; unauthorized possession or use of firearms, explosives, or incendiary devices; possession or consumption of, or dealing in, illegal drugs; smoking of legal substances outside designated areas; cruelty to animals; theft of University or private property including intellectual property; unauthorized copying of documents; possession of stolen property.
b) Threats of harm, or actual harm, to a person's physical or mental wellbeing, such as: assault; verbal and non-verbal aggression; physical abuse; verbal abuse; intimidation; sexual assault; harassment; stalking; hazing4.
c) Disruption of, or interference with, University activities such as: causing a substantial disorder; bomb threats; creating dangerous situations; making or causing excessive noise; proffering false identification; setting off false fire alarms; blocking exit routes.
d) Damage to the property of the University or its members such as: damaging or defacing University or another person's property including computer systems and intellectual property; tampering with University fire extinguishing or prevention equipment;
e) Violation of University Policies, Procedures, or rules, such as: Temporary Use of University Space Policy; Policy on Computing and Information Technology Facilities; Policy on the Sale, Service and Use of Alcoholic Beverages on campus; Parking and Transportation Policy; unauthorized use of identification to obtain goods or services.
f) Abuse of, or disrespect for, the processes of this Code, such as: bringing unfounded complaints with malicious, frivolous, or vexatious intent; failure to comply with the reasonable requests of a University official; failure to attend meetings or hearings regarding alleged breaches of this Code; failure to comply with Code sanctions.
As a general principle, impairment by alcohol or illegal drugs is not a defence for prohibited behaviours.
5. The Process for dealing with a Complaint
The University recognizes that many disputes can be resolved without resorting to the provisions of this Code. Wherever it is possible and proper to do so, members of the University community are encouraged to continue to use simple requests for corrective behaviour rather than invoking the following complaint process.
Initially every complaint made under this process will be directed to a Local Adjudicator in the relevant College, Faculty, Residence or Administrative Unit. For complaints that do not inherently belong in one of those areas, the Local Adjudicator will be a representative of the Office of Student Conduct. The Local Adjudicators will be appointed by the Vice-President Students.
The standard of proof required for a determination that there has been a breach of the Code will be "on a balance of probabilities," meaning that the person(s) deciding a case must find that it is more probable than not that a contested allegation is established as fact, or not.
The Complainant has the right to attend any hearing on the matter where evidence he or she has provided is being used. The Complainant also has the right to know the outcome of the complaint process, unless the Local Adjudicator or University Tribunal finds that there are grounds to order otherwise.
a) Filing a Complaint
i. Any person (a Complainant) may file a complaint (a Complaint) under this Code, alleging a violation of the standard of student conduct by a student.
ii. The Complaint must be in writing with the Complainant's name attached to it; anonymous Complaints will not be taken forward.
iii. The Complaint must be filed within three months of the alleged violation of the Code unless the Local Adjudicator or the University Tribunal, upon first addressing the Complaint, considers it reasonable to extend that time limit.
iv. A Complaint must be filed with a Local Adjudicator.
v. When a Local Adjudicator receives a Complaint, he or she will assess whether it should be dismissed, or whether an investigation is warranted. Where an investigation is warranted, the student against whom the Complaint is made (the Respondent) will be given a copy of this Code so that he or she may be informed of his or her rights and responsibilities. The Respondent will also be given a copy of the Complaint including the name of the Complainant. Contact information for the Complainant will be kept confidential.
b) Investigation of a Complaint
The Local Adjudicator will gather the facts of the case by holding whatever meetings are appropriate.
The Respondent will be allowed a reasonable amount of time to consider the Complaint against him or her and to respond to it, and will be advised in advance, and given an opportunity to comment on, any sanctions that are being considered.
Both Complainant and Respondent are required to be present for meetings and hearings held under this Code when required. The Respondent must not retaliate against the Complainant.
If, after the investigation, the Local Adjudicator determines that there has been a breach of this Code, sanctions may be imposed. The Local Adjudicator will issue a written decision stating the reasons upon which it is based, within 10 days from the date on which the Respondent is advised orally of the decision.
The written decision of the Local Adjudicator will be provided to the Complainant and the Respondent and will be filed with the Office of Student Conduct.
If, at any time after receiving a Complaint, the Local Adjudicator is of the opinion that the nature of the Complaint makes resolution by the Local Adjudicator inappropriate, the Local Adjudicator will refer the Complaint to the University Tribunal for a hearing to be held.
c) Request for a University Tribunal Hearing following a Local Adjudicator's Decision
i. Following a decision of a Local Adjudicator, a Respondent may request a hearing before the University Tribunal on the grounds that:
1) the Local Adjudicator had no power under this Code to reach the decision or impose the sanctions he or she did;
2) the Local Adjudicator made a fundamental error in procedure prejudicial to the Respondent;
3) the Respondent has new evidence to present that could not reasonably have been presented earlier; or
4) the Respondent is entitled to relief on compassionate grounds not considered by the Local Adjudicator.
The request must include detailed reasons and be in writing delivered to the University Tribunal within 10 days after the date on which the Local Adjudicator's written decision was issued.
ii. The request for hearing will be considered in written form only, and will either be granted or denied, by a single member of the University Tribunal, with written reasons.
iii. All sanctions ordered by the Local Adjudicator will be suspended pending the decision of the University Tribunal as to whether a hearing will be granted. In cases which involve issues of safety and security of person or property, the Local Adjudicator may determine that the sanctions imposed will stay in effect from the time that the decision was made pending the completion of the University Tribunal proceedings.
iv. If the University Tribunal denies the request for a hearing, the sanctions will immediately become enforceable as of the date of that decision.
6. University Tribunal
a) University Tribunal Composition
The members of the Tribunal are students, faculty, and staff volunteers appointed by the Vice-President Students to serve for a two-year term, renewable once, unless terminated earlier by the Vice-President Students.
Each Tribunal Hearing panel will be comprised of three persons, one of whom will be a student. They will elect a Chair for the proceedings.
b) University Tribunal Hearing Process
Tribunal Hearings provide an opportunity for a balanced airing of facts. The hearings are held in "private", i.e. restricted to persons who have a direct role or interest in the hearing, or persons who are acting as witnesses. At the discretion of the Chair other persons may be admitted to the hearing for training purposes or other reasonable considerations.
The Tribunal Hearing panel is not bound to observe strict legal procedures, but in order to ensure that its procedures are as fair as possible in the context of University circumstances and traditions it shall comply with the following procedural guidelines:
i. The Office of Student Conduct presents the Complaint and any supporting documentation and witnesses, including the Complainant, to the Tribunal Hearing panel.
ii. The Respondent has the opportunity to ask questions of any witnesses. Members of the Tribunal will also have the opportunity to ask questions of the presenter and the witnesses.
iii. After the Office of Student Conduct has presented the Complaint, the Respondent will have the opportunity to present his or her response to the Complaint, including any supporting documentation and witnesses.
iv. The Office of Student Conduct and the Tribunal panel will have the opportunity to ask questions of the Respondent and of any witnesses.
v. Both the Office of Student Conduct and the Respondent then explain their respective interpretations of the evidence presented.
vi. Both the Office of Student Conduct and the Respondent will have the opportunity to suggest what sanctions, if any, they believe are appropriate to the matter before the Tribunal.
vii. Whenever possible, decisions of the Tribunal will be made orally immediately following the hearing. The decision will then be put in writing no more than 14 days from the end date of the hearing and delivered to the Respondent and the Complainant by regular mail, express post or e-mail and filed with the Office of Student Conduct.
c) Student Rights at a University Tribunal Hearing
Respondents have the following rights:
i. The right to bring an advocate or adviser. This may be any person chosen by the Respondent to help present his or her case. Where possible, the name of the advocate or adviser should be provided to the Office of Student Conduct at least two days prior to a hearing.
ii. The right to see all the evidence that the Office of Student Conduct will present and to know what sanctions, if any, the Office will request.
iii. The right to challenge the suitability of any member of the Tribunal panel based on a reasonable apprehension of bias against the Respondent's case. The Tribunal panel will determine if a reasonable apprehension of bias is warranted. Its decision will be final. If it does find a reasonable apprehension of bias, it will direct the Office of Student Conduct to reschedule the hearing with a new panel.
iv. The right to have his or her case heard in a timely manner, meaning that except in exceptional circumstances (such as University holiday closure) the Respondent will have a hearing within 20 business days5 of the determination that the Complaint will be heard by the University Tribunal.
v. The right to prior notice of hearing of at least seven days, unless there are special circumstances (as determined by the Office of Student Conduct), in which case the matter may be heard before the seven-day notice period has elapsed.
vi. The right to notice: hearing notice will be hand-delivered, or sent by e-mail or regular mail or Express Post. It is the student's responsibility to ensure that the University has his or her current contact information. If a student fails to receive any notice under this Code by reason of the student's own failure to meet this requirement, such notice will still be treated as valid and effective.
vii. The right to a "private" hearing as explained in section 6(b).
7. Appeals of University Tribunal decisions
a) The Respondent or the University may appeal a University Tribunal decision to the Appeal Panel only on the following grounds:
i. that the University Tribunal had no power under this Code to reach the decision or impose the sanctions it did;
ii. that the University Tribunal panel made a fundamental procedural error seriously prejudicial to the Respondent;
iii. the Respondent has new evidence to present that could not reasonably have been presented earlier; or
iv. that the Respondent is entitled to relief on compassionate grounds not considered by the University Tribunal panel.
b) Appeals must be made in writing to the Director of Student Conduct within 14 days following the date on which the written decision of the University Tribunal was issued. The Respondent must provide a written statement setting forth the grounds upon which the Respondent intends to rely. It is the Respondent's responsibility to ensure that the University has his or her current contact information. Any notice not received because the Respondent has failed to meet this requirement will have no bearing on the proceedings.
c) Non-monetary sanctions apply pending the outcome of any appeal (monetary sanctions are automatically suspended pending the outcome of the appeal). No compensation will be made if a non-monetary sanction is overturned on appeal. The Respondent may apply to the Appeal Panel to stay the operation of the sanctions pending the outcome of the appeal. The Appeal Panel will convene a hearing at the earliest possible date to deal with the request for a suspension of sanctions. Where some more immediate response is required, application may be made to the Director of Student Conduct.
d) The Appeal Panel will be comprised of three members from the University Tribunal. They will not be any of the same members who heard the original case.
e) The Appeal Panel will hear the appeal within 20 business days except in exceptional circumstances, and will give the Respondent, and the Office of Student Conduct notice of the time and place of the appeal hearing.
f) The Appeal Panel will render a written decision no more than 14 days from the end of the Appeal Panel Hearing, disposing of the appeal by:
i. allowing the appeal;
ii. affirming or modifying the Tribunal decision;
iii. affirming, reducing or increasing the sanctions appealed against; or
iv. requiring that the Tribunal conduct a new hearing or reconsider some pertinent aspect of its decision.
g) The written decision of the Appeal Panel will be delivered to the Respondent and the Complainant by regular mail, express post, or e-mail and filed with the Office of Student Conduct.
h) The Appeal Panel decision is final and binding.
i) Respondents have the following rights at an Appeal Panel Hearing:
ii. The right to challenge the suitability of any member of the Appeal Panel based on a reasonable apprehension of bias against the Respondent's case. The Appeal Panel will determine if a reasonable apprehension of bias is warranted. Its decision will be final. If it does find a reasonable apprehension of bias, it will direct the Office of Student Conduct to reschedule the hearing with a new panel.
iii. The right to have the appeal heard in a timely manner.
iv. The right to a "private" hearing as explained in section 6(b).
8. Records
A record of final decisions made under this Code will remain in the Office of Student Conduct and Dispute Resolution.
9. Sanctions
The following sanctions may be imposed for a breach of the Code. More than one sanction may be imposed concurrently for a single breach. When imposing a sanction, prior breaches of the Code may be considered.
a) Sanctions that may be imposed by Local Adjudicators
The following sanctions may be imposed by Local Adjudicators:
i. reprimand;
ii. an apology and/or statement of regret to the person making the complaint;
iii. an apology and/or statement of regret to a larger community (e.g. team, classmates);
iv. community service, reflective essay, or research on a specified topic;
v. Behavioural undertaking which may be secured by a deposit of money up to $500;
vi. restrictions on behaviour;
vii. fines up to $250;
viii. full restitution for damage up to $500;
ix. withdrawal of non-essential Services6;
x. relocation to other University housing.
b) Additional Sanctions that may be imposed by the University Tribunal
In addition to the sanctions listed in 8(a) above, the University Tribunal may impose the following sanctions:
i. fines up to $1,000;
ii. restitution;
iii. campus restrictions;
iv. removal from University residence;
v. notation on student record;
vi. suspension;
vii. expulsion.
10. Emergency Suspension
If the Director of the Office of Student Conduct determines that the presence at the University of a Student poses a risk to safety and security, he/she may impose an immediate suspension of up to 10 days. The Student will be notified of the decision to invoke an emergency suspension.
If, after further investigation, it is determined that the Student continues to pose a risk to safety and security, the Director of the Office of Student Conduct can, with the agreement of the Vice-President Students, suspend a student for more than 10 days to a maximum of 60 days. A Tribunal hearing must be commenced within the 60 days.
11. Review of this Code
This Code will be reviewed after one year and thereafter every two years.
1. In this Code, "progressive discipline" means an incremental and proportionate approach to applying sanctions.
2. In this Code, "campus" includes all York University campuses, namely, Keele, Glendon and York Professional Centres.
3. In this Code, "University Premises" means buildings and/or land owned and/or occupied by the University.
4. In this Code, "hazing" means an act that endangers the mental or physical health and/or safety and/or dignity of a student, and done as a condition of membership.
5. In this Code, "business days" means Monday to Friday, except for the holidays stated in the University Calendar or unforeseen closures due to weather, emergencies, or work stoppages.
6. In this Code, "non-essential services" means services that, if withdrawn, may restrict a student's full participation in campus life, but do not make it impossible for a student to complete their academic requirements.
Senate Policy on Academic Honesty
1. Senate Policy on Academic Honesty
The Policy on Academic Honesty is an affirmation and clarification for members of the University of the general obligation to maintain the highest standards of academic honesty. As a clear sense of academic honesty and responsibility is fundamental to good scholarship, the policy recognizes the general responsibility of all faculty members to foster acceptable standards of academic conduct and of the student to be mindful of and abide by such standards.
Academic honesty requires that persons do not falsely claim credit for the ideas, writing or other intellectual property of others, either by presenting such works as their own or through impersonation. Similarly, academic honesty requires that persons do not cheat (attempt to gain an improper advantage in an academic evaluation), nor attempt or actually alter, suppress, falsify or fabricate any research data or results, official academic record, application or document.
Suspected breaches of academic honesty will be investigated and charges shall be laid if reasonable and probable grounds exist. A student who is charged with a breach of academic honesty shall be presumed innocent until, based upon clear and compelling evidence, a committee determines the student has violated the academic honesty standards of the university. A finding of academic misconduct will lead to the range of penalties described in the guidelines which accompany this policy. In some cases the University regulations on non-academic discipline may apply. A lack of familiarity with the Senate Policy and Guidelines on Academic Honesty on the part of a student does not constitute a defence against their application. Some academic offences constitute offences under the Criminal Code of Canada; a student charged under University regulations may also be subject to criminal charges. Charges may also be laid against York University students for matters which arise at other educational institutions.
Information about guidelines and procedures related to this policy can be obtained from the University Secretariat Web site (http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/policies/).
Petitions and Grade Reappraisals
Guidelines for the Consideration of Petitions/Appeals by Faculty Committees
These guidelines should inform the actions and decisions of Faculty committees and administrative personnel in responding to student academic petitions and appeals. They are not intended to direct the decisions of the Faculty in these matters; jurisdiction to waive academic regulations, extend deadlines and reappraise work clearly resides with Faculties in the first instance. These guidelines are to advise the relevant parties in their work to help foster equitable and consistent decisions across the University. It is recognized that the nature (performance, professional, graduate) and size of the various Faculties make it highly improbable to have uniform procedures and processes. There are areas in which greater consistency among the Faculties' processes can be achieved and it is to that end that these guidelines are proposed.
Faculties may, and are encouraged, to have a two-tiered structure for the consideration of academic petitions: a) an academic petitions committee/associate dean and b) an administratively approved process.
a) Academic Petitions Committee/Associate Dean: As all Faculties have agreed to consider requests for exceptions from Faculty regulations, there shall be a committee or a senior academic administrator charged with the responsibility of reviewing the academic petitions and rendering decisions on the basis of the reasons and supporting documentation provided by the student.
b) Administratively Approved Academic Petitions: To help offset large caseloads, academic petitions may be recommended for approval by the Petitions Officer (or equivalent) and confirmed by the Chair of the Academic Petitions Committee (or designate)1. In accordance with the general considerations for granting petitions (set out below), the Petitions Officer shall identify cases which clearly meet the considerations and present them as such to the Chair for confirmation. All cases which are not clear and require discretion are forwarded to the Academic Petitions Committee for a decision. No academic petitions will be administratively refused on the basis of their merits. Students failing to provide the necessary documentation requested by the Faculty within a specific time frame will not have their academic petition considered, and the Petitions Officer shall inform the student in writing in such cases.
a) Procedures: Each Faculty shall have written procedural rules that are widely available to students (e.g. in the Undergraduate Calendar, on the University Web site, at the Registrar's Office). Faculty academic petition/appeal procedures must be consistent with the Senate guidelines.
b) Deadlines: The Senate approved policy on the deadline for submitting an academic petition for late withdrawal is that "Normally academic petitions for late withdrawal from a course will only be considered if they are submitted within 30 days of the last day of classes [of the relevant course]. Such academic petitions may be considered for a period of up to one year if they are based on special circumstances." The Senate policy on the deadline for deferred standing requests is "Normally requests for deferred standing must be communicated within one week following a missed examination or the last day to submit course work." The period during which the University is officially closed for December holidays and on statutory holidays throughout the year is not counted in the determination of deadline days.
c) Representation: Appellants have the right to have a representative assist in the preparation of written submissions and, if granted an appearance before a committee, represent them at that meeting.
d) Jurisdiction: Students shall petition all academic matters to their home Faculty with the exception of grade reappraisals which are considered by the department/Faculty offering the course. Otherwise, Faculties shall consider requests for exceptions to all Faculty regulations.
e) Bias: Any member of an academic petitions/appeals committee or a person reviewing an academic petition who has a lack of neutrality on the issue to be decided shall excuse him/herself from the consideration of that case. An appearance of bias or a reasonable apprehension of bias is also sufficient for a party to disqualify her/himself from considering an academic petition.
f) Appearances: Students and/or their representatives may appear before a committee only at the discretion or invitation of the Committee.
g) Anonymity: Requests from students for anonymity in the academic petitions process should be honoured. Students provided the opportunity to appear before a committee, however, will have to decide whether they wish to forego anonymity. Confidentiality in this process shall always be maintained.
h) Decisions: To help fulfill the requirements for natural justice and fairness in adjudicative processes, academic petitions and appeals committees, administrators rendering decisions on academic petitions must give reasons in writing for the decision. Without reasons, a party may have to speculate why an adverse decision was made and may not be able to decide whether to appeal. Similarly, a subsequent committee or a reviewing court may have difficulty understanding the rationale for a decision without reasons and may draw inferences adverse to the initial committee from its failure to give reasons.
i) Appeals: The route of appeal for students shall be included in the written decision.
Principles Regarding Grade Reappraisals
1. Students may, with sufficient academic grounds, request that a final grade in a course be reappraised (which may mean the review of specific pieces of tangible work). Non-academic grounds are not relevant for grade reappraisals; in such cases, students are advised to petition to their home Faculty. Students are normally expected to first contact the course director to discuss the grade received and to request that their tangible work be reviewed. Tangible work may include written, graphic, digitized, modelled, video recording or audio recording formats, but not oral work.
Students need to be aware that a request for a grade reappraisal may result in the original grade being raised, lowered or confirmed.
2. In the event that students are still not satisfied with the final grade or the course director is not available to review the work, they may submit in writing a formal request for a grade reappraisal to the department or unit in which the course is offered2. The Senate approved deadline for submitting grade reappraisals is February 15 for fall term grades, June 15 for fall/winter session and winter term grades, September 30 for summer session grades, or a minimum of 21 days from the release of grades, whichever is later. When a submission deadline occurs on a weekend or holiday, requests will be accepted up until the end of the next available business day. Exercising discretion about minor delays in meeting the deadline which result from slow mail delivery or extraordinary circumstances is reasonable.
3. If the condition of sufficient academic grounds has been met, the relevant department committee, department Chair, associate dean or graduate/undergraduate program director will be responsible for ensuring that the work is reappraised by an appropriate faculty member, ensuring anonymity of both the student and the reappraiser, and for communicating the result of the reappraisal (including the reappraiser's comments) and the route of appeal to both the student and the course director. The reappraiser will be given the nature of the assignment and the rationale for the original grade. It is expected that every effort will be made to render the decision within 30 days of the reviewer having received the work.
4. Parties to the decision may appeal a negative decision on a request for a reappraisal, or the result of the reappraisal itself to a Faculty-level appeals committee in the Faculty in which the course is offered (or, in the case of the Faculty of Graduate Studies, to the dean) only on the ground of procedural irregularity. Procedural irregularity is defined as actions taken or not taken by a department, Faculty, graduate program officers, committees, or members with respect to the previous disposition of the case which violate or nullify one or all of the following:
a) normal and written procedures of the University, Faculty, graduate program or department concerned;
b) consistency in the Faculty's, graduate program's or department's handling of cases substantially similar to that being appealed;
c) principles of equity, natural justice or fairness, whether or not such violation occurred in accord with written or customary procedures. Appeals based on allegations of these last procedural irregularities should allege and demonstrate obvious bias or other misbehaviour on the part of the officers or agents of the University and for which redress was not provided by an authority which considered the case prior to the appeal.
Appeals must be submitted within 21 days of notification of the decision. Faculty committees may waive that deadline when special circumstances are established by the appellant. No member of the Faculty committee shall consider an appeal if s/he considered the matter at an earlier level. At the discretion of the Faculty committee, the student and/or the faculty member may be invited to meet with the committee to present his/her case orally. The committee's decision will be taken in camera and it is expected that parties will be informed of the decision in writing within 30 days of the filing of the appeal.
5. Parties to the appeal at the Faculty-level may file an application for leave to appeal the decision to the Senate Appeals Committee (SAC) on the ground of procedural irregularity at the Faculty-level. Applications for leave to appeal must be submitted within 21 days of the notification of the Faculty decision. SAC may waive that deadline when special circumstances are established by the appellant. No member of SAC shall consider the application if they considered the matter at an earlier level. As explained in the SAC procedures, parties may appear before the committee if leave to appeal is granted to make oral submissions on the ground of procedural irregularity. The committee's decision will be taken in camera and it is expected that the parties will be informed of the decision in writing within 30 days of the filing of the application.
6. Parties to the decision of the Senate Appeals Committee may apply to the committee to have the matter reconsidered if there is evidence of procedural irregularity on the part of SAC. Applications must be submitted within 21 days of the posting of the decision. SAC reserves the right to waive this deadline in special circumstances. Requests for reconsideration of a SAC decision will be considered by a panel of SAC members who did not serve on the panel first hearing the matter; it is expected that a decision will be rendered within 30 days of its submission.
Deferred Standing Agreement
The Deferred Standing Agreement (DSA) is a process by which students who are either unable to write their final examination at the scheduled time or submit term work before the Faculty deadline to submit final grades reach an agreement with the course director about granting deferred standing in the course and setting a date for writing the exam or submitting the outstanding work. Using the standard DSA form, it is the responsibility of students to make arrangements with the course director to complete the course and file the DSA form with the appropriate departmental/unit office by the deadline specified on the form. Course directors have the option not to consider requests for deferred standing; in such cases students must file an academic petition with the relevant Faculty-level committee for consideration within the established deadline.
Students' Responsibilities in the Academic Petition/Appeal Processes
The University has established regulations, procedures and deadlines through its legislative bodies to which students must adhere. Students are expected to monitor their progress in courses, taking into account their personal and academic circumstances, and to make the necessary adjustments to their workload to meet the requirements and deadlines. The University recognizes, however, that specific circumstances may justify waiving the regulations/requirements/deadlines on an individual basis. Requests for a waiver of a regulation/requirement/deadline are initiated by an academic petition.
Students opting to initiate an academic petition should be assured that confidentiality is a hallmark of this process.
While it is the University's responsibility to provide students with proper information, guidance and advice, it is incumbent upon students to:
be aware of and adhere to all Faculty and program regulations, requirements and published deadlines;
familiarize themselves with their Faculty's written academic petition/appeal procedures and make requests in a timely fashion;
provide all documentation to support their academic petition/appeal and to do so in a timely fashion;
indicate and document all their relevant circumstances upon submitting their academic petition in the first instance.
University's Responsibilities in the Academic Petition/Appeal Processes
Just as the students who submit academic petitions and appeals have responsibilities to meet the requirements of the process, the University has responsibilities in administering it.
Non-academic staff:
It is incumbent upon members of the non-academic staff to:
make available to students advice and guidance regarding options, deadlines, required documentation, and appeal routes by way of written notification, the University Web site, personal appointments or communication over the telephone;
direct students to the appropriate office for information on academic petitions/appeals;
attend to academic petitions and appeals efficiently to prevent undue delay;
maintain students' right to confidentiality.
It is incumbent upon faculty members to:
respond to requests for information from students and non-academic staff in a timely manner;
help direct students to the appropriate office for information on academic petitions/appeals;
Academic Petition/Appeal officers/committees:
It is incumbent upon academic petition/appeal officers or committees to:
ensure parties receive fair, consistent and ethical treatment;
give thorough and serious attention to all requests;
render decisions only after careful deliberation;
supply parties with reasons for decisions;
1. With the exception of academic petitions to waive debarments which should be considered by a committee.
2. The exceptions are as follows:
for Osgoode, Schulich, and the Faculty of Education the requests for reappraisal are submitted to the office of the relevant associate dean.
Religious Accommodations / Senate Policy on Women's Remembrance Day
Senate's policy governing the setting of sessional dates and examination schedules includes a statement on religious observances which has two parts:
"York University is committed to respecting the religious beliefs and practices of all members of the community and making accommodations for observances of special significance to adherents."
"Every effort will be made to avoid scheduling in-class or formal examinations on days of special religious significance throughout the year. A schedule of dates for such days for various faiths will be compiled annually and distributed widely. Students will be informed of procedures for requesting and arranging accommodations."
In May 1998 Senate approved a policy to commemorate Women's Remembrance Day that encourages the planning and funding of activities appropriate to Women's Remembrance Day. The Senate policy also encourages faculty to highlight Women's Remembrance Day in their classes and to incorporate in their classes, as appropriate, some of the issues facing women, particularly violence against women. The administration is asked to support the development of workshops to assist faculty with their preparations.
Information about this policy is provided to students in publications such as the Undergraduate Calendar. The University community will also be informed in advance of activities associated with Women's Remembrance Day.
Senate Policy on the Academic Implications of Disruptions or Cessations of University Business Due to Labour Disputes or Other Causes
The University Senate has enacted a policy to apply in the event that academic activities are substantially interrupted or impeded as a result of strikes, lockouts, demonstrations, natural disasters or other like causes. The policy contains three governing principles, which are outlined below. Further information about the policy may be obtained from the University Secretariat (http://www.yorku.ca/secretariat/policies/).
A. Academic Integrity
In the event of a disruption, the primary obligation of Senate is to ensure the academic integrity of all programs. No dilution of standards normally expected of students should be permitted and there should be as little diminution as possible in the instructional or supervisory support given to students.
B. Fairness to Students
Students who do not participate in academic activities because (a) they are unable to do so owing to a disruption or (b) they choose not to participate in academic activities owing to a strike or a lockout on campus, are entitled to immunity from penalty, to reasonable alternative access to materials covered in their absence, to reasonable extensions of deadlines and to such other remedy as Senate deems necessary and consistent with the principle of academic integrity. Such remedies shall not alter the academic standards associated with the missed activity nor shall it relieve the student of the responsibility for mastering materials covered. The availability of a remedy under this policy does not guarantee students the same learning experience that they would have received in the absence of a disruption.
C. Timely Information
Students, staff and faculty members have a right to be informed in a timely manner of changed requirements, rescheduled academic activities and procedures to be in effect at the conclusion of the disruption. | {
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Mrs Blignaut shared an important lesson in Chapel this morning on the topic of "What Matters". In the wake of Cyclone Idai and the indescribable community action to assist those families devastated by the flood waters, we are reminded of the collective value of people above all else.
Graca has only been at Ruzawi for a short while but her thoughtful and respectful personality has shone through and caught our attention. | {
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Team Toti 2020 Run the Bath Half Marathon
[p][b]IN MEMORY OF THOMAS "TOTI" WORBOYS[/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b]My name is Nick Worboys, father of Thomas "Toti" Worboys. I want to tell you about his story; his short battle with leukaemia and how we can keep the love alive with his memorial fund.[/b][/p][p][br][/p][p][b] All children are special however right from his birth Toti was extra special. He arrived into the world a lot faster than his elder brother. So quick, that Amelia was caught off guard and didn't have time to get to the hospital; so we delivered him on our own at home. [/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b]He was an angelic, cute, healthy and happy little boy. Even at the age of 2 when he broke his leg, we didn't suspect that there was anything wrong with his bones. However as he grew up, he started to fracture more bones. Eventually he was diagnosed as having a rare genetic disease called Olliers; which causes cartilage lumps and weaknesses within his bones. It was NOT a life threatening condition and leukaemia was never on the radar. However he was supposed to look after his weaker bones. Easier said than done, as boys will be boys, so accidents did happen. He was always so brave with the many procedures and operations to fix his bones and remove the benign lumps.[/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b]Olliers stopped him from contact sports and games but other than that he lead a very normal life. Toti was mad keen on sport, desperate for success. As parents we were constantly 'kissing frogs' to find his thing in life. We just wanted him to enjoy his sports but he always wanted to be the best; oblivious and in defiance to his disease. He never took no for an answer. He was determined to play tag rugby, cricket, hockey, athletics and golf. He played golf every Sunday with Amelia or me watching him as he was being coached. He would beam from ear to ear with a huge warm, proud, contented smile regardless of whether the ball behaved itself or not. He loved to be loved. [/b][/p][p][br][/p][p][b] Watching rugby was our greatest pleasure. In true Worboys tradition the family fortune is being blown watching rugby. He was a walking encyclopaedia on rugby facts and figures, names and faces. He watched England at Twickenham and Jonny Wilkinson go out on a high at the European final. However our most special times have been supporting the mighty Bath rugby. Toti was one of the first members of the junior supporters club. Bath rugby is woven into our family DNA. In April 2014 his brother was away, so Toti and I went to see the match on our own. I have one of my fondest memories of him from this match. He decided he wanted to sit on my lap to watch the match. We talked about the program, the players, the game and tactics. Best of all we cuddled for the whole of the match. At the time I knew it was one of those special moments that will stay with me forever. [/b][/p][p][br][/p][p][b] Toti was good company, he would love to chat for hours on end and he was interesting and a good listener. He was naturally empathetic, soft, gentle and kind hearted. He was a good boy who was never in trouble.[/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b]Toti was blessed with a most infectious sense of humour. He could make us all laugh even at the most inappropriate moments. Trying to discipline our children required impossible levels of self control, as soon as I put on my serious voice, he would automatically burst out into uncontrollable laughter. Resistance was futile so we'd all be crying with laughter. He was full of joy; delivered with a beautiful smile. All the while Amelia and I knew that he needed just a bit more care and attention. Amelia in particular poured love and devotion into his little life; so he had a wonderful life. [/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b]All good things come to an end. Early in July Toti had a minor operation on his leg. Ironically we were completely relaxed about the operation, as this was the last one on the list and we could look forward to a period of normal family life. Toti came home and was slow to recover. Late afternoon on July 14th he took a turn for the worse. The paramedics took him to hospital with what we thought was a minor infection. Events escalated quickly. We had no idea that he had acute leukaemia which triggered a terrible bleed in his brain. It all happened so quickly. While he was still with us we told him how much we loved him and that we couldn't be any more proud of him. Amelia and I brought him into this world on our own, and so to complete the circle just the two of us laid with him as he drifted off to sleep in the early hours of July 15th. So it is with the greatest sadness that Toti has moved on to a higher place.[/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b]The NHS child death review was full of surprises. He had two faulty genes IDH 1 and 2. These are linked to Olliers disease, bone cancer and acute myloid leukaemia. The post mortem discovered that he had all these diseases. [/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b]We remain positive and motivated to keep his memory alive. In the early days we raised over £5000 for CLIC Sargent as they helped us at the time of his death. We have now changed direction for our fund raising. Childhood leukaemia is one of the biggest causes of death in UK children. Clearly helping to cure childhood leukaemia is a massive goal. Consequently we have set up a Memorial fund to raise money for the charity Childrens' Cancer and Leukaemia Group. We've chosen this charity as they will ring fence the memorial fund and we can direct the money towards childhood leukaemia research. With a great deal of kindness and generosity we have raised over £250,000 and we'll keep going.[/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b]For more information please search on google for "Toti Worboys" or use this link:[/b][/p][p][url=http://uk.virginmoneygiving.com/team/totiworboys][b]http://uk.virginmoneygiving.com/team/totiworboys[/b][/url][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b]Best wishes[/b][/p][p][b]Nick, Amelia, George, Evie, Barney…..and Toti Worboys[/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][b] [/b][/p][p][img]//:0[/img][/p][p][u] [/u][/p][p][u] [/u][/p][p][u] [/u][/p][p][u] [/u][/p][p][u]Registered charity number 286669[/u] [/p][p][br][/p]
2020 Bath Half Marathon
Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group
Andy Darlington
Donating the stragglers from fundraising at Renishaw. Thanks for a fantastic event Nick and team!
Mum Dad Dawn Graham
Well done Julian on completing your solo Half Marathon
Nicola Bruce
Well done Marc! That training made all the difference... beat your time from last year!
Sue and Dave Bruce
Well done Marc
Liz Lawrence
Well done Team Toti!
Well done Julian Law 👍👍
Carly Beasley
Well done everyone running half marathons & raising money for an incredible charity!
Kati Moriarty
Well done Julian 🙂
Ed Smith
Nick Worboys
Lennard Hoornik
antony Bezer
Julian Law
Damon Machin
Anna Woodward
Andrew Stanley
Richard Finch
anneli hendy
John Pettit
Andrew Darlington
Matthew Steven
Martin Price
Mark Ackred
Janice Hope
Amelia Worboys | {
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blaze your own trail to become a leader not just of business, but of the world.
We are now accepting applications for the Fall 2019 intake.
Find out more about the Hult Undergraduate Program.
6 out of 10 students graduate from Hult within 3 years. | {
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Nappy Cakes are the ideal newborn baby gifts to welcome the Little one to the World. Our Nappy cakes have also been chosen by celebrities - So presenting a Nappy Cake especially designed by us and unique will be a gift that will admired! Our 3 Tier nappy cakes makes a picture perfect present that touches hearts. So much so, that most parents will want to keep it as a memory of a lifetime. We also have handpicked many other Baby Gifts items. Please browse through the website to pick up an ideal present.
Don't forget!! Every Nappy cake gets gift card. Each Nappy cake is cellophane wrapped with a bow and a gift card. What's more, place an order today by 12pm for same day dispatch. Each nappy cake is as unique as the Little One itself! | {
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Beside of retrofit awning window, in the beginning, you must know the type of windows. The very first form is recognized as double hung windows. It's indicated by its two sashes which go vertically up and down in the frame. It is unique, mostly present in the Western houses because most of the European properties are completed by this unique window. They actually can open large from both the very best or underneath but nevertheless remain inside the frame. This original window design makes themselves do not protrude out to the inner and outside of the house. This style makes just the underside area of the screen performs while the very best portion however unchanged.
While for minimal home retrofit awning window can also be have to be considered. This normal screen may be easily installed generally in most small or tiny rooms. It can be acquired both little and large size, even custom size can be obtained for you really to match your room. We all know that contemporary house always pauses the rule, more unique of the look, indicates more modern. Therefore don't hesitate to utilize this kind of retrofit awning window if you wish to take to the newest thing.
To learn more about retrofit awning window let's take a look at our galleries to see the best window types and types. We hope that these photographs below can encourage you to get the best a few ideas to construct, renovate or remodeling your home.
Beside of retrofit awning window, in selecting the very best window for your house, in addition, you need to consider some important things, particularly in the term of benefits and cons. Each type of screen generally provide advantages and also cons. Therefore you should choose which that matches your require and bring more advantages than harms for you.
A property can not be named as a property place when it is not done by retrofit awning window. The current presence of windows in the home is significantly more than important. That's why there are numerous articles on the web that describes about retrofit awning window, the significance of screen, well-installed windows information etc. As we realize that windows not only behave as house accessories but additionally take a significant position in a home air circulating.
The main section of retrofit awning window is located in the term of design. How to design your room on the basis of the form of your window is truly had a need to consider. Each kind of screen has the initial characteristic, that's why you should handle your space unique of others, and it should fit your windows style.
The next crucial facet of retrofit awning window is a wall shade solution, generally most of windows types can benefit many wall colors. Thanks with their simple window components that will cause them to become easily combined and coordinated to the absolute most space decoration. Materials much applied to windows frequently result from wooden resources or steels. While for cast sills may also be readily available for you however it isn't advised since this type of cast sills can be broken when the ground moves. It has no expansion and insufficient artistic feature. That's why wooden or material products are great for a strong construction.
Effectively, if you're renovating your home, before adding retrofit awning window, at first, you'll need to think about how many windows you need in a single room. Also, contemplate the room measurement is also important. Don't use a lot of windows in the tiny room. Only be sure that the sunshine may enter your complete room, and the air circulation performs therefore optimally so select a type of window which can cover it perfectly. Don't make an effort to use window variations with the larger measurement like stationary windows or bend and bay windows, consider for the simpler one like a put screen, awning windows or slider windows. They're actually best for smart rooms, especially for the bed room or kitchen. | {
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Coco Jack
Dave Goodman hopes the Sharks get jacked about Coco Jack, his handy invention for easily opening Thai Coconuts, when he pitches it in Shark Tank episode 618. Goodman created the Coco Jack after selling his New York City apartment and traveling around the USA. He funded the first production run with an Indie GoGo campaign that raised $5,775 in December, 2013.
Coco Jack is essentially a mallet and a striking ring. Put the ring on top of the coconut, whack it with the mallet, and a "perfect" hole is created at the top of the coconut. This allows you to get the coconut milk without any waste. Goodman also sells a patented "scooper" that removes the coconut meat effortlessly.
Thai coconuts are a super food, very high in Lauric acid, Chloride, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, and Phosphorous. Opening them is a challenge, which is why Goodman invented Coco Jack. There are other coconut openers on the market, but they involve drilling. Coco Jack is easier and more straightforward than other openers on the market.
The Coco Jack Pack sells for $49.95 and includes the mallet, the Coco Jack, and a scooper. Goodman currently sells his products online, but he's likely looking to get into retail outlets – with a Shark's help. Will a Shark go (coco) nuts over this invention and invest?
Coco Jack Shark Tank Recap
Dave enters seeking $125,000 for 15% of the business. He demonstrates the "old" way of opening coconuts – what a mess! Then he does it with his invention – much easier. Robert and Mark come onstage to try it and they are successful.
Next he breaks out the scooper and Robert thinks that's more impressive than the Coco Jack. Kevin inquires about the laxative effects of coconut milk and asks Dave to give some more to Barbara. Dave explains his varied history; Mr. Wonderful wants to know how he makes money. Dave has $325K in 9 months of sales – but he's been thinking about the product for 12 years. He thought it was a small product, but people told him it could be big!
Barbara thinks Dave is not organized, she's out. Lori loves the product and thinks he'll do well, but she's out. Robert likes the idea and the uniqueness of the product, but he's out too. Mr. Wonderful grew up in Cambodia and saw how they were trimmed, he likes coconuts and offers $125K for 50%.
Mark likes the product and asks if Dave can focus on one thing at a time. He offers $125K at 7% convertible debt to 25% equity. Dave counters Mark and asks if he'll go to 20%; Mark says no. Dave decides to do the deal with Mark!
RESULT: DEAL with Mark. Mark loans Dave $125K at 7% interest which converts to equity when the business is profitable.
Coco Jack Shark Tank Update
The Shark Tank Blog constantly provides updates and follow-ups about entrepreneurs who have appeared on the Shark Tank TV show. The deal with Mark never closed. In 2016, the company reached an agreement with Malibu Rum to use their branding on their packaging. There were many knock-offs brought to market through the years, which drove the price down on Coco Jack. As of August, 2021, the company website is down, but the products are readily available on Amazon. Lifetime sales are $5 million.
Posts About Coco Jack on Shark Tank Blog
Coconut Opener
Ayleyaell Amy Kinder says
Absolutely Love my Coco Jack, which I bought before I saw Shark Tank. A favorite meal of mine is a single coconut. Before the Coco Jack I had to beg the produce or deli department 2 wack open a coconut for me, pleading no wrist strength, no suitable knife at home, etc and all true but humiliating. Also I had to wait sometimes as much as 45 minutes for them to find a suitable knife and a suitable person to open the coconut. So thank you David! I am still waiting 4 Costco or other big box stores to have a demo showing how easy it is to use a Coco Jack and giving small samples of fresh coconut water. You would have tons of new fans.
Tania Speaks Skin Care https://t.co/HXTfyT5VQ4 34 minutes ago | {
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Vaisala's viewLinc System Monitors the Tissue Bank in the New Children's Hospital in Helsinki
Vaisala is an honorary donor of the New Children's Hospital, opened recently in Helsinki. Vaisala has provided the hospital with measurement instruments for monitoring humidity, carbon dioxide, and temperature in the wards and treatment facilities. Furthermore, Vaisala's viewLinc Continuous Monitoring System monitors the conditions in the hospital's vital tissue bank around the clock, every day of the year.
The new hospital treats patients from all around Finland. The construction of the building started in 2014, and the hospital opened its doors to the little patients gradually during the autumn 2018. In addition to brand new facilities, the new hospital hosts novel building automation technology as well as healthy indoor air. Vaisala provided the children's hospital with measurement instruments for indoor air humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide measurements as well as with the viewLinc Continuous Monitoring System.
Most of Vaisala's measurement instruments have been installed in the hospital's common areas that are in use around the clock. The measurement data from Vaisala's instruments is used to monitor and optimize the heating, ventilation and air conditioning of the building. The critical conditions in the tissue bank are controlled by Vaisala's viewLinc Continuous Monitoring System.
The Tissue Bank Stores Vital Spare Parts
The tissue bank of the New Children's Hospital is part of the hospital's operational unit that handles the treatment, preservation, and distribution of human tissue. The most common materials in the tissue bank are blood vessels, such as lower extremity veins and arteries, cardiac valves as well as parts of the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Majority of the stored tissue is used in the in-house operations of patients suffering from congenital heart defect.
The tissue bank has been a significant part of the Operating and Anesthesia Unit of the hospital already since 1973. The new facilities made it possible to install new technology to control the conditions of the tissue bank.
"Without a high-quality tissue bank, we would have to order the heart tissue transplants from abroad or the children would have to be sent to have surgery abroad", says Sari Tähtiharju from the tissue bank of the New Children's Hospital. "Approximately two heart tissue transplants are used per week, and they help treat about 100 children annually", Tähtiharju concludes.
Continuous Monitoring Ensures the Quality of the Tissue Transplants
The critical parameters in the tissue bank, such as temperature, humidity, and air quality, need to be monitored and observed continuously. The Continuous Monitoring System guarantees constant control of the conditions and helps to ensure that the conditions related to the treatment and storage of the tissue transplants are appropriate, considering the consistency and cleanliness of the tissue.
The parameter values need not only be controlled but also saved in order to prove that the conditions have been in line with the required storage conditions. Tissue banks are regulated by Finnish and EU legislation and overseen by the Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea. Vaisala's Continuous Monitoring System was developed for the needs of pharmaceutical industry from the start, thus the system corresponds to hospitals' hygienic and maintenance guidelines. It also complies with GxP regulations and standards, such as FDA 21 CFR Part 11, EU Annex 11, and ICH. Vaisala's viewLinc system controls the conditions, ensuring consistent data, browser-based monitoring as well as quick and easy reporting. In addition to accurate measurement data, the system alerts personnel, if the conditions exceed permitted values. | {
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Q: Modifying the speed at which a process runs ( Cheat Engine alternative as a Flash Game Speed Hack) In Windows, there is a tool for Flash games called Cheat Engine which can speed up/down a process by X amount, making the time needed for a task in a game to go faster or slower than in the real world. This is specially helpful for time based games that make you wait for an X amount of time for a building to get finished, a harvest to get completed, etc... This also applies to games that you need them to go slower so you can defend against several enemies (Zombie games, etc..) or games that their difficulty lies in how fast one can complete something.
But this is not limited to web based Flash games. Cheat Engine can also speed up/down other games (Half-Life, Quake 3, etc..).
Is there a way to do this in Ubuntu?
Here is SPEED HACK option I am referring to by using the "Cheat Engine" tool in Windows and it is actually the option that 99.99% of Cheat Engine users use Cheat Engine for:
I should mention that I am not looking for a method to pause the process every milliseconds (Like slowing down Firefox or Chrome instead of slowing down the Flash game). For example slowing down Firefox would not work since it also slows down everything else so it would not be a Speed hack so much as slowing down the process in general including all actions by the user. Basically everything would be the same, just slower. The same goes for speeding the process up.
I am looking for a way to do this to Web Based Flash games and/or Wine emulated Games.
A: These might help with slowing processes down, but not speeding them up...
1) SIGSTOP and SIGCONT:
The kill command can issue a STOP and a CONT signals to a process with a given pid.
I've used it for 'pausing' and 'throttling' python scripts before, and it works fine for that purpose.
Here's an example in a bash script (pass in the PID of the relevant process as the commandline parameter):
PID=$1
while true; do
sleep 0.5
kill -s STOP $PID
sleep 0.5
kill -s CONT $PID
done
Those sleeps (in seconds) would need to go down to a much smaller amount to reduce jerkiness, but the bigger interval makes it more obvious for testing.
Once your happy with a particular interval, you could make the ratio of sleeps adjustable with a variable.
2) One other possibility, for throttling, is 'cpulimit':
sudo apt-get install cpulimit
To limit firefox to 30% CPU:
cpulimit -e firefox -l 30
A: Short answer, no. There's no 2x button for process scheduling. Best you can do is use cgroups for what you're interested in to get more CPU time, at the expense of another process. If I had to guess, the reason speedhack even works is because it's doing it's business by manipulating the flash runtime, or just call it a virtual machine. It's not that it's speeding up the program, it's changed fundamental parameters the whole VM is based on. I suppose the same thing would be possible with something like Java or Python.
Oh well, I guess you'll have to continue cheating on farmville on Windows. Shame.
A: I would suggest a couple of things. If it is indeed farmville/something played on the net(as ppetraki suggested), I believe that one avenue is to go via greasemonkey route(it is a platform to allow running of all javascript-based scripts to allow more advanced tweaking on all levels of the browser/page-rendering.). No less, it I read over all other answers very quickly, and surprisingly didn't see anyone mention Winehttp://www.winehq.org/documentation.
More specifically, if normal wine doesn't work(which I was able to get it to work, best off trying 32-bit), all hope is not lost, as this sounds like a perfect candidate for the Wine extension/add-on'esque program, 'Wine-Hacks,' it prompts the user with a walk-through for installing various pieces of software that meet particular requirements/etc...(this is a very easy avenue, if traditional wine configuration doesn't work). This is an interesting predicament, and its important to remember that linux in general gives the user a far greater platform to customize, and tweak the various processes/threads/etc on all levels... However, a large amount of reading typically comes from it. On a lower-level perspective one could, if the game is utilizing interprocess communication, tweak the speeds on the sockets('vmstat'/'top'/'ps'/'ss' commands are but a small arsenal of what linux offers) themselves, and although it will not have as small a learning curve/ease of use, but these tools are a start for analyzing process-level activity/memory-mgmt.
But looking up at your image, and having downloaded the app myself, gaining an understanding as to how the application works, and the fact it's reading bits of memory, and scanning memory addresses/etc... it eludes it is very doing just this, tweaking the memory/interprocess communication on a low-level(however going this route you'd be creating your own hackish-version of the 'Cheat-Engine' it could very easily be done with a gdb(gcc-debugger, a developer/security tool as doing these types of tasks are a common part of a developer's job to better gauge how the application works/its overall performance., acts similarly in a more limited scope). You'd just be using a different tool to control the memory/sequencing of socket-level communication. No less, the Wine-scenario will work, and I tried it briefly(however, I don't know what the targeted game your playing is, lol!!).
To conclude, so that we're clear, one way would to re-nice the processes/process threads(tasks) in Linux/and locating the various memory addresses, and bits used in the interprocess/socket communication using utilities/or debugger(already mentioned). Then another more basic way that would utilize the logic of the 'Cheat-engine,' itself in a non-Windows environment, through installing it with Wine, as Wine runs the application, and manages it in processes/threads within so it is as if the program is being ran in Windows itself. The Wine program is in all Ubuntu-specific distros I have seen, "'apt-get'/'aptitude'" it to install Wine). Additionally, another tool for debugging/tweaking flash-based games/etc... is that of Flashbug(a firebug variant, just as Greasemonkey is used in Mozilla)Good luck & cheers!!
A: I realise this is an old question, but I've found a tool that can change the speed programs run at, at least in theory. A lot of stuff seems to either be unaffected or gets its frame rate changed but not the actual game speed. Anyway, here it is:
https://github.com/evg-zhabotinsky/libspeedhack
Unless you notice the repository has been updated more recently than 2017, to build on Ubuntu 20.04 you will need to:
*
*Change line 140 to static int (*gettimeofday_orig)(timeval *tv, void *tz);
*Change line 222 to extern "C" int gettimeofday(timeval *tv, void *tz)
*Do sudo apt install libc6-dev
*Do make 64bit from the project's root
*Run your game with it (e.g. ./speedhack glxgears)
*Control its speed via /tmp/speedhack_pipe (e.g. echo 0.5 > /tmp/speedhack_pipe)
If 22.04 breaks it again, check the issues page.
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Drive: 7 Years Later…
Posted by Shawn | Aug 16, 2019 | Action, Cult Film Club, Drama, Thriller | 0 |
I love movies. I mean, I co-host a film podcast, so I know that's obvious. Even so, I feel like that there is somewhere in this game, the blogging, talking, reminiscing over nostalgic favorites and trying to stay on top of the current cinema landscape it's easy to forget that this all stems from an intense, poetic, all-consuming love of movies. Drop all the social media politics, all of the jockeying for position on twitter, or being the first to post an empty, yet heartfelt R.I.P. post for whatever celebrity just left this mortal coil. Step away from the lists, the ratings, the trends, the expectations (met or not.) Ignore the blue checkmarks, the likes, and the idea of watching movies to tic off a box in the effort of becoming the genre fan one is expected to be.
Remember what it was like to be listless and bored? To come home from school or work looking for an escape, a 2 hour window where you get to travel to another universe, another planet, another story that is not your own. You didn't have to research the film. You didn't have to check Rotten Tomatoes for the report card. And you certainly didn't have to throw out a Twitter poll of choices so your circle can decide what world you'd enter for that much needed escape from reality. You hit up a video store, scanned the available discs on Netflix that were shoved in your mailbox that week, hit the local cinema or hoped that something awesome was on cable. Maybe you were really feeling a certain actress or actor and you were finally trying out one of their films you'd never seen. Maybe the poster or the cover of the VHS tape or DVD just really grabbed you by the gut. For whatever reason you fired up the VCR, the DVD player, made the trek to the theater or tuned into a channel and then you…just…let…everything…go. You let the movie wash over you and maybe you hated it. Maybe it was meh. Or maybe you found something that felt like a missing piece of you, you never realized you were missing.
Art by James White (Signalnoise.com)
Seven years ago I popped in a copy of Nicolas Winding Refn's Drive into my DVD player and I was obliterated. I didn't just fall in love with the film, I fell so hard that I seriously considered writing some poetry to sum up my feelings. Outrun had yet to become a hot pink and steel cliché, Ryan Gosling was still trying to shed off the romantic lead typecasting, Christina Hendricks was really starting to make a splash on Mad Men, people were really starting to notice Bryan Cranston, and nobody really even knew who Oscar Issac was. I went into this movie blind and was effectively blindsided. Refn and company's choices, the stillness, the liquid neon color palette, the amazing synth-y score and the soundtrack full of lesser known acts, and of course the ballet of violence (yes, I just wrote that), tore me apart in the best way possible. I hadn't had such a visceral reaction to a film since I saw Pulp Fiction on a stolen VHS tape in 1995 just after turning 17. Putting myself back in the mindset I was in during 2012, it was kind of a bleak time for me personally. I'm not going to dig into the personal stuff, but as far as my obsession with movies goes, I felt like I was adrift in a calm sea, floating in a boat with no oars. There were very few modern films that were really making me excited enough to go out to the theater or to bother checking them out on DVD. I'm not saying there were no good films, that is subjective after all, but that the stuff that had been exciting me, the 90s wave of auteur filmmakers for instance, had been evolving into making films that just didn't grab me anymore. I was hungry for the new wave. Who would be the next Tarantino, the next Nolan, the next Bigelow, or the next Solondz.
After watching Drive I felt confident that I'd found something amazing. I think I watched the film a couple more times that year and then I dug into Refn's filmography. I really appreciated the artistry of Valhalla Rising, adored Bronson, and was then sucked into the announcement of his next project, a re-teaming with Gosling on a new crime film, Only God Forgives. This was a huge turning point for me that reinvigorated my love for movies and was one of the things that led me on the path to co-hosting this very podcast.
Of course the film blew up, and pretty soon it was everywhere. Like, literally everywhere. It seemed like ever pop culture site was writing about it, there was a metric ton of fan art all over the internet, and it helped usher in a new genre of aesthetic faux-nostalgia that is going strong almost a decade later. Think projects like Stranger Things, Kung Fury, Cold in July, The Guest, The Babysitter and It Follows. It became so ever-present, so ubiquitous, that I started to distance myself from the film. I bought the steelbook and put it on a shelf hoping that eventually it'd age like a fine wine and that I'd still enjoy it as much later on. I haven't watched it since 2012 and along the way I've sort of become less than enamored with Refn's work. I lay a lot of that at the feet of Only God Forgives, though it's completely, 100% my fault for falling so hard for Drive that I wanted him to tread that road again. Refn has been quoted as saying that this reversal of expectation was calculated, and needed it move forward as an artist.
"People want the same thing, but it's the one thing they must not get because then nothing has changed…It's like when Lou Reed did the album Transformer, which is one of the greatest rock albums of all time. His next album was an LP of guitar distortions. For me, it's an evolution of my own creative obsession. And it's a way to free myself from what people want and expect."
As much as I disliked Only God Forgives, I respect the hell out of his choice to subvert the whims of his newfound audience. The follow up to Drive was his brass ring, an opportunity that could have catapulted him to super stardom. He looked right at that Hollywood chasm, and walked away. That takes a lot of courage.
So, seven years later I thought it was finally times to give the blu-ray of Drive a spin and to see if I still loved the movie. Turns out, I do. Probably more so actually. Refn's reference to Lou Reed above is apt, and not just in the realm of audience subversion. As much as I love the Velvets, as much as I respect Lou Reed's career overall (well, maybe not his time spent eating poop), Transformer is like his magnum opus. Sure, it's commercial as hell, very much clashing with his typical personal vibe, but that doesn't make the genius of that album any less important. There are still plenty of transgressive ideas on that record, things that lay hiding in plain sight in the lyrics that most folks miss while humming along. My mom has quoted "Walk on the Wild Side" many times over the years, and I can guarantee that she doesn't know the song is about glam trans hookers giving BJs in the back rooms of bars.
Drive is so much like Transformer it's unreal. The pop notes of the film, the extremely synth-heavy soundtrack, Ryan Gosling as a stoic badass, the unbearable charm of Albert Brooks, and the super slick cinematography of Newton Thomas Sigel lay on top of a very gritty, violent and unflinching story. It's complex in its apparent simplicity, and even if it steals borrows wholesale from Walter Hill's The Driver, it makes the formula its own. So much of what I remember was the popular stylized elements too. In rewatching the film I had forgotten about how much this film has to say in the silences between characters. Carey Mulligan and Ryan Gosling have a momentous amount of chemistry that lives and dies in their longing states and smiles. There are reams of unspoken dialogue in the montages they drift through that make this movie a massively crushing experience when the third act unfolds and reality infects their momentary dreamworld. There is also so much said about these characters during the uncomfortably realistic sequences of gory violence. Watch Gosling's body language when he watches the heist with Standard go wrong. You can see it clearly on his face. For as tightly would, in control and clockwork as "Driver" is, he has never seen this level of brutality. Is he ready to deal with is 15 seconds after it happens? Yes. And that is where this movie gives the audience something special. It interrupts the expectation of a badass character to showcase a real emotion, before abruptly throwing them back into the flow that they expect. It also makes Driver's actions later in the film hold so much more weight.
There are moments of blocking in this film that I forgot as well. The beautiful scene in the hotel, after Driver has dispatched the thugs, and the camera lingers on his blood-soaked face. How he absorbs what just transpired, and then slowly backs away seemingly being enveloped by the bathroom wall. That visual poetry is all over this film. In the middle of the film, after Driver has brought Irene home after her car breaks down and she's standing next to a mirror that perfectly reflects Driver in shadow hovering over a photograph of her husband and son at the bottom of the frame. That still alone is bursting with story.
Watching this film again, I've fallen head over heels again. So much so that I'm actually looking forward to diving back into Refn's work by checking out some flicks that I missed (on deck are Neon Demon, Fear X and the first Pusher film.) Hell, maybe I'll give Only God Forgives another shot.
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Cult Film Club Episode 11: Troll 2 & Best Worst Movie | {
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Wanting to touch more lives by giving clients what they really needed drove Michele Merhib to open her own massage therapy shop. After a very successful first few years and the opening of a second store, the brand was franchised by Fitness Together. Elements Therapeutic Massage now has 85 locations across the U.S. with close to 120 sold.
The Franchise Hound spoke with Elements Therapeutic Massage founder Michele Merhib about turning her business into a franchise, handing over the reins and the passion that drives her.
Franchise Hound: As a massage therapist, why did you decide to open your own shop and develop a franchise?
Michele Merhib: I had already made a big career jump from an occupational therapist to a massage therapist. I made the switch because I didn't feel that I was giving clients what was fitting my values. My massage therapist was retiring and suggested that I buy the business. I started taking a weekend massage course and loved massage therapy school. I loved the flexibility that it gave to me. I was able to open a practice within a local country club, but needed to look for my own shop when the owners decided to no longer offer massage services.
The smallest space that I could find was 750 square feet. It was way too much space for just me so when I opened in 2002 I hired another massage therapist – someone with whom I went to school. Within just a few years we were doing 650 massages a month out of a four room studio. We couldn't expand, so I decided the best option was to systemize the business and open a second location.
After my second shop opened in 2005 I had two separate companies approach me with offers to franchise. The company that I didn't go with was much more focused on the money and I knew that's not how I wanted to run my business. The wife of Fitness Together's director of sales owned one of their franchises in the same strip mall as my second location. They liked my business model and saw that I was having a great deal of success. They knew franchising and weren't totally focused on the money, so I signed a franchising agreement in 2006.
FH: As a successful business owner did you have any hesitations about signing a franchising agreement?
MM: I've always found that when one door closes another opens. I went into the massage industry because I was tired of corporate America and needed my own space. The business part of my brain thought that when I opened my second store it could be something bigger. But I did wonder if I was putting myself in a position to wind up back in corporate America.
I figured that I could only really run three shops on my own, but there was so much potential to touch more lives if I expanded. Part of me felt like I was letting go of my baby, and I didn't know how much say I would have after it became franchised. Fitness Together trusted that I knew how to handle the therapists, and I did. I wanted to give therapists a place where their employer really understood them. In the end, I knew that it was the smartest decision for both me and my company. | {
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Home » Managing today's multigenerational workforce
Managing today's multigenerational workforce
CU leaders modify their management approach and expectations.
Ted Goldwyn
From left: Steve Langley, senior vice president of member services/chief retail officer; Angelito "JoJo" Cristobal Jr., retail sales manager; and Jennifer Jones, business analyst, are successful in a multigenerational work environment at Schools Financial CU in Sacramento, Calif. (Photo: Kent Lacin, Lacin.com)
The pressure was on for Cindy Swigert.
It was 2010, and Swigert's new employer, a growing Midwestern credit union, was preparing for a full core system conversion. Compounding the situation, half of the credit union's employees had recently transitioned to a new system in the wake of a major merger and would have to go through the process all over again.
"Add to that the dynamics of the different generations [of staff] and it became a big scary monster," recalls Swigert, now vice president of human resources at $331 million asset Day Air Credit Union in Kettering, Ohio.
Swigert and her colleagues tackled this challenge by forming multigenerational, multifunctional project teams. Their success provides a primer on how credit unions can leverage generational strengths to better serve members, and retain motivated employees.
A rapidly changing workforce
Today, employers face a landmark tipping point.
The millennial generation, comprised of roughly 76 million people born between 1981 and 1997, recently passed the baby boomers, those born between 1946 and 1964, as the largest segment of the U.S. population, according to the Pew Research Center.
Just as significant, as boomers ease into retirement, millennials are entering the most stable and productive stage of their careers. In fact, millennials are expected to make up 75% of the U.S. workforce by 2025.
"This millennial workforce really wants to be engaged, and they want to feel like they're making a difference," says Steve Langley, senior vice president of member services/chief retail officer at $1.8 billion asset Schools Financial Credit Union in Sacramento, Calif.
But this desire to contribute sometimes leads to conflict with other generations in the workforce, particularly members of Generation X.
The nation's 66 million Gen Xers, those born between 1965 and 1980, are sandwiched between the higher-profile boomers and millennials. Yet members of this generation are now moving into senior leadership positions, and in many cases will continue working for the next 20 years.
Based on immigration and mortality trends, the U.S. population of Gen X is projected to surpass that of boomers by 2028. The volatile dynamic between a Gen X workforce at the height of its powers and a massive and ascendant millennial workforce is causing tension at many organizations.
"Gen X needs to be a bigger part of the conversation," says Jason Dorsey, chief strategy officer at The Center for Generational Kinetics and an expert on millennials. "They're the ones moving into the senior leadership roles. Right now, the most conflict we're seeing is millennial to Gen X because both generations are waiting to move up."
"Gen Xers have put in their time over the past 15 or 20 years and they're now in leadership positions," says Josh Allison, senior consultant with FI Strategies. "At the same time you have the millennials, who have a fundamentally different view of the world. Rather than wanting a large paycheck or a prestigious career, they want purpose in the workplace."
The typical member of Gen X doesn't have the same motivations. "Millennials and the Gen Xers they're reporting to are having conversations about development, and they're speaking a different language," Allison says. "As a result of that divide, there's disengagement."
Allison says this disconnect costs U.S. businesses between $450 billion and $550 billion each year in lost productivity. Employers struggle to foster loyalty in millennials, who tend to leave an employer if they don't feel challenged or valued.
Even if they stick around, young workers will "check out" quickly if they believe they're not being heard.
"I think the biggest challenge with millennials is they sometimes get very frustrated because they want to do more," says Peter Stein, senior vice president of human resources at $1.7 billion asset Educators Credit Union in Mount Pleasant, Wis. "I've noticed that they're not afraid of hard work. They don't mind working overtime. But they want a quality of work. They don't want to come in and just sit at a computer all day. They really want to be challenged."
Lukewarm employee engagement can quickly lead to external disengagement—the death knell for service- focused cooperatives such as credit unions that count on member loyalty and commitment.
KEYWORDS baby boomers credit unions Human Resources millennials | {
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Tag Archives: Saccharin
Obesity in America Part 5, Artificial Sweetener are Toxins!
Artificial Sweeteners are Toxic Chemical Brews
What is Aspartame?
Enter Monsanto!
The Confusing World of Artificial Sweeteners!
Do Artificial Sweeteners really aide in weight loss?
There's Sill More To Share. Come back in September for Part 6 of Obesity in America.
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The extensiveness of this Series on Obesity in America is way beyond what we imagined when we decided to tackle this topic; and it looks like it's going to go on for a full half year as Part 6 will be coming in September.
What we're realizing as we research each of these topics is when it comes to food politics, we are not the land of the Free.
We Americans have been subjugated to the interests and profits of Big Food; and a Food Revolution is what is being called for.
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Obesity in America Part 5
What's in those Zero and Low Calorie Sweeteners?
Dear Blog Subscribers and Readers: This is a reprint of our August Newsletter. If you would like to receive our Newsletter directly in your email box, just sign up on either our Aquaponics USA or Aquaponics World, LLC Home page.
Our original plan was to talk about Aspertame, the substitute sugar sweetener that's been in the American food market since 1981; but we soon realized that we couldn't just talk about Aspertame without talking about the nine other substitute sugar food additives including Acesulfame K, Advantame, Neotame, Saccharin, Stevia and Sucralose and the new sugar alcohols like Mannitol, Sorbitol and Xylitol that are all flooding the market with their uniquely named brands of sweeteners.
If you're not completely tongue tied after reading the above paragraph, you're an advanced scientist because those words that describe artificial sugars are scary and confusing. Not surprising when you realize that many of them are not food at all. They are chemical compounds. The word is still out until Part 6 regarding those new sugar alcohols like Mannitol, Sorbitol, Xylitol and Stevia, which is a plant extract.
Sometimes, we think these scientific food words are made to be mind-boggling just so we all give up trying to figure them out, just eat the franken food and shut up. Well, we're not eating it and we're not shutting up. In fact, we're yelling the truth about these artificial sugars from the roof tops. (If you're not interested in knowing what's in them, scroll down to the last 3 sections of this Newsletter, which are all about our Aquaponics Greenhouse)
The substitute sugar market is like the wild, wild west during the gold rush with new products continuously riding in on the next promise to be the healthiest no calorie or low calorie answer to the American people's addiction to sweetness.
This Newsletter takes a dive into the underworld of FDA approved sugar substitutes and, unfortunately, we're going to have to go deep into the weeds of chemical compounds and lethal combinations of chemical compounds so please bear with us as this could save your life and the lives of your loved ones.
Let's start with an early sugar substitute, one that's been in our food since 1981–Aspertame.
These are just a few of the products that contain Aspertame. So let's take a look at what this food additive really is, who created it, who has owned it and branded it, who owns it now and who convinced the FDA to approve it as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe).
Let's start with the origins of Aspertame. Where did this food additive come from? Aspartame was discovered by accident in 1965 by James M. Schlatter. Mr. Schlatter was a chemist who was working for G.D. Searle & Company. He created Aspartame as an intermediate step in his goal of coming up with an anti-ulcer drug. He accidentally discovered its sweet taste when he licked his finger to pick up a piece of paper, which had become contaminated with it. (Information taken from Wikipedia Aspartame page)
The Long Convoluted Road Toward the Approval of Aspertame went like this:
The FDA got into the picture in 1975 when a task force team reported "serious deficiencies in Searle's operations and practices". Then In 1979, the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) turned the FDA decision around and "concluded, since many problems with the Aspartame studies were minor and did not affect the conclusions, the studies could be used to assess Aspartame's safety". In 1980, the FDA convened a Public Board of Inquiry (PBOI) consisting of independent advisors charged with examining the purported relationship between Aspartame and brain cancer. The PBOI concluded Aspartame does not cause brain damage, but it recommended against approving Aspartame at that time, citing unanswered questions about cancer in laboratory rats." (Quotes taken from Wikipedia page on Aspertame.)
G.D. Searle was a wholly owned trademark of Pfizer, which is an American multinational pharmaceutical corporation. Searle started manufacturing Aspertame for other purposes. They named it and the company manufacturing it NutraSweet. For 16 years the FDA refused to approve it as a food additive.
Then came the Political Pandering:
Donald Rumsfeld served as CEO, and then as President, of Searle between 1977 and 1985. In November of 1980, President Ronald Reagan was elected into office and Donald Rumsfeld saw his opportunity to change the FDA vote against Aspartame that was now branded as NutraSweet. "One week before the inauguration, he addressed a meeting of the Searle sales force. According to one of those present, he declared that he would 'call in his markers' and 'no matter what,' he would see to it that aspartame 'would be approved' by the end of 1981." Rumsfeld kept his word as he had lots of friends within the Reagan administration; but "most important of all, his right hand man at Searle, was on Reagan's transition team." In that same month, November of 1980, Jere Goyan, the FDA Commissioner who had not approved Aspertame, was fired and "told to write a letter of resignation and to vacate his office on the day of the inauguration". (Quotes taken from the Book, Rumsfeld: His Rish, Fall and Catastrophic Legacy)
"On January 21, 1981, one day after Reagan had taken the oath of office, Searle petitioned to have an inquiry panel's [the PBOI] verdict overruled." By April of 1981, the new administration had chosen its own FDA Commissioner, Arthur Hull Hayes. "The FDA set up a Board of Inquiry of the best scientists they had to offer who said Aspartame is not safe and causes brain tumors, and the petition for approval is hereby revoked. The new FDA Commissioner, Arthur Hull Hayes, over-ruled that Board of Inquiry and then went to work for the PR Agency of the manufacturer [of Aspartame], Burson-Marstellar, rumored at $1000 a day, and has refused to talk to the press ever since." (Quote taken from News With Views Online website article entitled "Donald Rumsfeld and Aspartame")
The way was cleared for Aspartame to be put into dry products, and a new brand, Equal, launched in the United States. Equal quickly became accepted in the U.S. market as a way to enjoy sweetened beverages without the calories of sugar". (Quote taken from the Equal website page About Equal)
The Legal Battles Begin:
"October 15, 1982– The FDA announces that Searle has filed a petition that Aspartame be approved as a sweetener in carbonated beverages and other liquids.
July 1, 1983– The National Soft Drink Association (NSDA) urges the FDA to delay approval of Aspartame for carbonated beverages pending further testing becauseAspartame is very unstable in liquid form. When liquid Aspartame is stored in temperatures above 85 degrees Fahrenheit, it breaks down into DKP and formaldehyde, both of which are known toxins.
July 8, 1983– The National Soft Drink Association drafts an objection to the final ruling which permits the use of Aspartame in carbonated beverages and syrup bases and requests a hearing on the objections. The association says that Searle has not provided responsible certainty that Aspartame and its' degradation products are safe for use in soft drinks.
August 8, 1983– Consumer Attorney, Jim Turner of the Community Nutrition Institute and Dr. Woodrow Monte, Arizona State University's Director of Food Science and Nutritional Laboratories, file suit with the FDA objecting to Aspartame's approval based on unresolved safety issues.
September, 1983– FDA Commissioner Hayes resigns under a cloud of controversy about his taking unauthorized rides aboard a General Foods jet. (General foods is a major customer of NutraSweet) Burson-Marsteller, Searle's public relations firm (which also represented several of NutraSweet's major users), immediately hires Hayes as senior scientific consultant.
Fall 1983– The first carbonated beverages containing Aspartame are sold for public consumption. ["This tripled the $200 million Aspartame worldwide market."] (Quote taken from the Book, Rumsfeld: His Rise, Fall and Catastrophic Legacy)
November 1984–Center for Disease Control (CDC) "Evaluation of consumer complaints related to Aspartame use." (summary by B. Mullarkey)
November 3, 1987– U.S. hearing, 'NutraSweet: Health and Safety Concerns,' Committee on Labor and Human Resources, Senator Howard Metzenbaum, chairman."(Quote taken from Rense Online website article entitled,"How Aspartame Became Legal-The Timeline")
Obviously, nothing happened as a result of that November hearing on Aspartame; and by 1996, "it was approved for use in all foods and beverages, including products such as syrups, salad dressings and certain snack foods where prior approval had not yet been obtained". (Quote taken from article entitled"The History of Artificial Sweeteners" on themonsanto.unveiled.info website)
There was one last Herculean effort to stop Aspartame in at least one state–Arizona where "Dr. Woodrow Monte, a food scientist at Arizona State University, who argued that Aspartame in diet sodas exposed to hot conditions, such as any Arizona summer's day, would degrade into methyl alcohol, a toxic substance capable of inducing everything from dizziness to seizures and amnesia.
Searle family checkbooks again pressed into service delivering campaign contributions to relevant Arizona politicians. In no time at all, a law glided through the [U.S.] legislature forbidding any state restrictions of a federally approved food additive. Displaying a fine sense of irony, the measure's sponsors labeled it as a toxic waste bill." (Quote taken from the Book, Rumsfeld: His Rish, Fall and Catastrophic Legacy)
We can't help but see the similarities between what happened in our House of Representatives just last month when they banned States from demanding GMO's be labeled; and it was clear that representatives who sponsored and pushed that Bill ironically called the "Safe and Accurate Food Labeling Act of 2015" were the very ones who received the most in campaign donations from Big Food. We wrote about this travesty in our July Newsletter. But this is not the end of the Rumsfeld/Searle Aspartame story.
Rumsfeld had one more big move to make once he got Aspartame freely on the market in all categories possible. He needed to sell the entire Searle company; and you'll never guess who bought it.
From 1985 to 1999, Monsanto owned the chemical sweeteners branded as NutraSweet and Equal after purchasing G.D. Searle, LLC. And now it could take artificial sweeteners to a whole new level because it had cornered the market on two of the chemicals in the most popular artificial sweeteners out there, Saccharin and Aspartame.
The Monsanto Company was originally formed to produce the artificial sweetener, Saccharin? On November 30, 1901 with a mere $5,000, "John Francisco Queeny founded Monsanto Chemical Works in St. Louis, Missouri with the goal of producing Saccharin for Coca-Cola". (Quote taken from the GMO-Awareness website article entitled "Monsanto's Dirty Dozen")
Here is the Saccharin story:
Saccharin was the first artificial sweetener discovered. Just like Aspartame, "it was accidentally found in 1879 by a chemistry research assistant, Constantine Fahlberg. Fahlberg was working on new food preservatives when he accidentally spilled some of the compound he had synthesized on his hands. When he went back home that night and ate his dinner, he noticed the intense sweetness of the compound. He named the compound Saccharin after the Latin, Saccharum, which means sugar.
He went back to the lab, tracing his steps until he was able to synthesize Saccharin in bulk." In 1884, Fahlberg got his U.S. Patent to manufacture Saccharin. In that era, U.S. Patents were granted for 17 years with no extentions, so exactly to the year that Fahlberg's Saccharin Patent expired, Monsanto was born to produce Saccharin for the Coca-Cola company. (Quote taken from article entitled "The History of Artificial Sweeteners" on the monsanto.unveiled.info website. Information regarding Patents taken from the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patent Term Calculator page)
Except for filling orders for the Coca Cola company, the newly formed Monsanto company had to wait patiently until World War I broke out in July of 1914 before Saccharin could take the world by storm. The war started the rationing of sugar so it could be sent to the troops. "When World War II hit, sugar rationing started again, leading to another significant increase in Saccharin use and a proliferation of products that used the sweetener. Saccharin use continued upward during World War II and afterwards." (Quote taken from article entitled "The History of Artificial Sweeteners" on themonsanto.unveiled.info website)
Then Comes The Attempts to Ban Saccharin, the Politics and the Love/Hate Relationship with this Artificial Sweetener.
"Starting in 1907, the USFDA began investigating Saccharin as a direct result of the Pure Food and Drug Act. Harvey Wiley, then the director of the bureau of chemistry for the USFDA, viewed it as an illegal substitution of a valuable ingredient (sugar) by a less valuable ingredient. In a clash that had career consequences, Wiley told President Theodore Roosevelt, 'Everyone who ate that sweet corn was deceived. He thought he was eating sugar, when in point of fact he was eating a coal tar product totally devoid of food value and extremely injurious to health.' But Roosevelt himself was a consumer of Saccharin, and, in a heated exchange, Roosevelt angrily answered Wiley by stating, 'Anybody who says Saccharin is injurious to health is an idiot.' The episode proved the undoing of Wiley's career." (Quote taken from Wikipedia page on Saccharin)
"In 1911, the Food Inspection Decision 135 stated that foods containing Saccharin were adulterated. However, in 1912, Food Inspection Decision 142 stated that Saccharin was not harmful." During this one-year timeline, the U.S. Food Inspectors appeared to be quite schizophrenic when it came to Saccharin. (Quote taken from Wikipedia page on Saccharin)
In 1945, the Cumberland Packing company was born and started it's company producing tea bags. By the early 60's, "using modified tea bagging equipment, the company was the first to package sugar in packets, breaking tradition with less-sanitary sugar bowls that were common on restaurant tabletops at the time." The patent for Saccharin had long ago expired, so Cumberland was free to invent one of the most popular artificial Saccharin sweeteners on the market today, Sweet'N Low, which they packaged in this new and convenient way. (Quote taken from Wikipedia page on Cumberland Packing Corporation)
It wasn't until the 1960's that studies with lab rats suggested that Saccharin could cause bladder cancer; and the FDA made a move to limit its use. At the time, Saccharin was the only artificial sweetener on the market, so there was a backlash from the consumers who were already hooked.
"Its use was banned in Canada in 1977 after the Canadian Health Protection Branch Study was completed on Charles River Sprague-Dawley rat specimens concluding lymphoma in the blood cells". (Quote taken from Wikipedia page on Saccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977)
The FDA also considered banning Saccharin in 1977 based on this animal research. However, Congress placed a moratorium on the ban to allow for more research on it's safety. This moratorium was extended seven times due to continued consumer demand." Instead of a ban on Saccharin, the Saccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977 was passed causing Saccharin to carry a warning label.
The FDA withdrew the ban in 1991, but the moratorium stayed in effect until the year 2002. Products with Saccharin carried the warning label that said it had caused cancer in laboratory animals until that label was removed in 2000. (Quote taken from article entitled "The History of Artificial Sweeteners" on the monsanto.unveiled.info website)
In 2001, Saccharin was delisted from the California list of chemicals known to cause cancer. It originally got on that list as a result of Proposition 65, which was passed in California in November of 1986 with the aim of listing all carcinogens.
Back to Monsanto and Aspartame:
In 2000, Monsanto sold its chemical artificial sweetener company called NutraSweet. By this time, NutraSweet's patents on Aspartame were about to expire so the NutraSweet company had aquired a wide range of patents related to a new chemical they developed which mimics Aspartame but doesn't require the pesky label that must be placed on all Aspartame products (to be explained below). This new chemical is called Neotame (neo, as in new). It's the new Aspartame.
Monsanto sold their NutraSweet company to a private equity firm called J.W. Childs Equity Partners, which also owns the Sunny Delight Beverages company, Fitness Quest, Brookstone, Mattress Firm and several other companies. (Information taken from the Natural News website article entitled "Equity company that helped buy NutraSweet from Monsanto also funds Sunny Delight, Fitness Quest and Mattress Firm")
Then J.W. Childs formed a new company called Merisant from the Monsanto Company's NutraSweet tabletop sweetener business. It's amazing how convoluted the trail became.
Presently Merisant is straddling two worlds of the sweetener business–sweeteners accepted as healthy like stevia (more about stevia in Part 6) derived products and Aspartame and Neotame sweeteners that are not considered to be healthy. In 2009, Merisant Worldwide filed for bankruptcy to restructure and invest in its new stevia-derived sweetener, PureVia, which emerged the following year. In addition to PureVia, Equal and Canderel, Merisant markets its products under 18 other brands in over 90 countries. Canderel is the brand name of an Aspartame sweetener that was first marketed in France in 1979.
It could be said that our worldwide sugar addiction is what created Monsanto in the first place, fueled its growth and launched it into becoming the monster it is today. If we look at it that way, we, the consumer who is so in need of that sugar taste and rush are somewhat culpable in our own demise.
The demand for no calorie and low calorie sweeteners is huge and the market is now full of products to meet that demand. The aim of this segment is to inform you of what's in the more popular brands and which ones to avoid like the plague. So once again let's start with the artificial sweeteners that contain Aspartame.
The artificial sweetener products containing Aspartame are NutraSweet, Equal, Spoonful, Equal-Measure and Canderel. These are only the products which require you to administer the poison yourself. You put them into your coffee, tea or other drinks you want to sweeten. Aspartame is also put in lots of off-the-shelf products for you as you can see from the picture above with diet sodas, cookies, candy, yogurt and many other processed packaged goods. Deep Roots is a website that lists 50 plus Aspartame containing products to avoid. So why is Aspartame bad for you?
Known in Europe by the E number, E951, Aspartame is made up of three chemicals: aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol. It is an Excitotoxin. Excitotoxins like aspartic acid literally stimulate neurons to death causing brain damage of varying degrees. These are chemicals! There's no food here. Was the human body made to ingest toxic chemicals? Aspartame is 200 times sweeter than sugar. Big Food loves it because it costs less to sweeten their products due to the intensity of the sweetness. Here's one description of how it's made:
"The deadly artificial sweetener, NutraSweet, is produced by feeding fossil fuel oil to ecoli that are genetically modified to defecate Aspartame as feces." (Quote taken from The Gaia Reports article entitled "How Sweet It is! Monsanto Sells Their Aspartame Business to Pfizer")
And here's another mind blowing quote about Aspartame from Dr. Mercola: "Aspartame was previously listed by the Pentagon as a biochemical warfare agent!" We're speechless. (Quote taken from Childhood Obesity News website article entitled "The Unnatural Sweetener")
The list of possible side effects from ingesting Aspartame is too long to include here. Just click this link to read it for yourself. Or read the book by Dr. Russell L. Blaylock called "Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills". Dr. Blaylock says this in his introduction: "Suppose evidence was presented to you strongly suggesting that the artificial sweetener in your diet soda may cause brain tumors to develop, and that the number of brain tumors reported since the wide-spread introduction of this artificial sweetener has risen dramatically?" (Quote taken from Dr. Blaylock's book, "Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills")
So why does Aspartame have to be labeled? We'll make this as brief as possible. Some people are born with a condition called PKU. "The absence or deficiency of certain enzymes responsible for processing the essential amino acid phenylalanine is the primary characteristic of PKU in human beings. With normal enzymatic activity, the body converts phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine, which is then utilized by the body. However, when the phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme is absent or deficient, phenylalanine abnormally accumulates in the blood and becomes toxic, typically lethal, to brain tissue."
People with this condition are subject to mental retardation if their diets aren't carefully monitored and they are called "Phenylketonurics". Treatment for PKU consists of a carefully controlled and restricted diet started during the first days or weeks of life. One of the main things to avoid is Aspartame because it contains phenylalanine, which is exactly what PKU people need to avoid. That's why diet soda labels carry the long, difficult to read warning: Phenylketonurics-contains phenylalanine. If you see this warning on a label, you know Aspartame is in the product. (Quotes taken from the Dr. Janet Starr Hull's website article entitled "Warning Phenylketonurics: Contains L-Phenylalanine")
Not true with the new Aspartame, called Neotame and its brand Newtame. Known in Europe by the E number, E961, Neotame is considered even more toxic than its Aspartame brother. Neotame is 7,000 to 13,000 times sweeter than sugar and was based on the Aspartame formula. "Neotame is essentially aspartame plus 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde–the presence of which ends up reducing the production of phenylalanine, which allegedly makes it safe for those suffering from phenylketonuria (PKU). That means Neotame does not have the identifying warning label on it. That's right. Neotame is NOT labeled and "the FDA has decided that the public shouldn't be informed when Neotame is included in any product". (Quote taken from Gaia Health Online article entitled "Neotame, New Neurotoxic Sweetener")
Right now it looks like Neotame is being added in many processed and packaged products just like Aspartame but without a label. It's also being used in animal feed to replace the more expensive molasses. That animal food product is called Sweetos. It seems that the only way to avoid Neotame is to avoid processed foods altogether. The Merisant company, which now owns NutraSweet has ear marked India as the first country that will be honored with Neotame in self administering poison packets.
"Unfortunately, it may actually be an even more potent and dangerous neurotoxin, immunotoxin and excitotoxin than aspartame. Neotame is like Aspartame on steroids, so while you want to avoid both, Neotame appears to be more toxic. One way of avoiding all artificial sweeteners is to purchase foods bearing the USDA 100% Organic label." (Quotes taken from Dr. Mercola's website article entitled "Neotame: Is This More-Dangerous-than-Aspartame Sweetener Hiding in Your Food?")
Saccharin is also called Ortho-sulfobenzoic Acid Imide. There's that word, "acid" again. Saccharin is about 200-700 times sweeter then sugar and has a slightly bitter and metallic after taste. It's dominant artificial sweetener brand that is self administered is Sweet'N Low. There have been over 500 Billion Sweet'N Low packets produced. "In toxicological studies, Saccharin has been shown to induce a greater incidence of bladder cancer in rats that have been fed the sweetener at high levels." These studies caused Canada to ban its use in 1977. (Quote taken from the Encyclopaedia Britannica website page on "Saccharin, Chemical Compound") Oh, and YES–it's a Chemical Compound, not a food.
Here's a quick summary of what we've presented so far:
ASPARTAME: Watch for the warning to Phenylketonurics (PKU) people to identify its presence in products like: NutraSweet, Equal, Spoonful, Equal-Measure and Canderel and lots of other processed, packaged foods.
NEOTAME: So far Newtame is the brand to avoid but more are coming.
SACCHARIN: An entire country, Canada, banned it after studies on rats concluded there was lymphoma in the blood cells. Don't use Sweet'N Low.
AVOID ALL PRODUCTS ADVERTIZED AS DIET! They are going to have artificial sweeteners in them.
These dangerous products are being marketed as aides to weight loss; but it very well may be that they are actually fueling the Obesity Epidemic!
A group of scientists who decided to test this assumption [that AS (Artificial Sweeteners) assist in weight loss] assessed long-term weight change among participants in the San Antonio Heart Study who reported using these products, compared with those who did not; and they came up with a startling conclusion: "We observed a classic, positive dose-response relationship between AS beverage consumption and long-term weight gain." The last two words in that statement are "weight gain" NOT "weight loss". These researchers went on to say:
"These results, together with findings of increased lymphoma and leukemia in young rodents exposed to Aspartame, should be carefully considered when policy recommendations to deter the development of obesity in children and adolescents are being formulated-particularly those recommending increased AS consumption." (Quotes taken from the World Natural Health Organization website article entitled "Fueling the Obesity Epidemic? Artificially Sweetened Beverage Use and Long-term Weight Gain")
In July and August, we've covered two of the culprits in this cartoon depiction of Big Food's underground cesspool of poisons–Aspartame and GMO's. But we're still working on the artificial sweetener group (Aspartame being just one of them), and there are several to still look at including Sucralose, Acsulfame-K, Advantame and any others that show their ugly heads.
Those are the bad guys; but there's an emerging market of good sweeteners, too, like the stevia-derived products and then there's the new sugar alcohols (we'll let you know if they're good or bad).
And we haven't addressed MSG yet either, so it looks like there's going to be a Part 6 of this Series on Obesity in America.
In closing this section of the Newsletter, let's just look back to our July Newsletter, which was all about GMO's. Suddenly it makes sense that Monsanto actually believes they can get away with not labeling GMO's in the U.S. They've gotten away with it before. They got Aspartame approved in all products in spite of the push back for so many years. They got Neotame approveded without any labels. Through revolving door policies, they have positioned themselves within the FDA in such a way that they appear to be and feel impervious to the needs, wants and health concerns of the people of America. Right now in our country, we, the people, are Big Food's subjects. There is no Food Freedom in the U.S; and that's a really sad state of affairs. But help is coming!
Watch for this up-coming List of all the great angelic ones who have created websites that are out there to help us figure this all out and get one step ahead of the Sharks in our Food System.
So What's Growing in our Greenhouse?
Here comes another Lettuce Wall! This one is demonstrating staged growing. Notice the middle ducts have younger plants than the first ducts. That's because they were placed in their ducts about 3 weeks after the first and last group. This is going to help us with the harvesting.
In the past, we planted everything at the same time so everything needed to be harvested all at once. We found it difficult to use all those vegetables that came out at the same time. Now, we're going to have an easier time dealing with the big question of "What are we going to do with all this lettuce?"
What's the Lettuce Wall draining into?
In building our 80º Vertical System, we first built this trough, which serves to catch and recirculate all the water flowing through the ducts that make up the lettuce wall. But recently, we ran into a big algae problem as algae started accumulating in the trough.
We originally decided to keep all of our fish in their tanks in the fishroom; but once this algae problem bloomed, we needed to rethink that decision.
Tilapia are great pond (in our case, Trough) cleaners!
We sell live Fingerling Tilapia on our website; and some people buy them for the expressed purpose of cleaning their ponds that are overgrown with algae. So to solve our algae problem, we went fishing in one of our 120 gallon tanks and pulled up 3 of these guys to place in the trough in the Greenhouse.
It was amazing how quickly they did that trough cleaning job. No more algae in the trough. So every now and then, we'll be placing a threesome of Tilapia in our Greenhouse trough and give them a nice change of scenery.
Don't miss our Aquaponics 101 Tutorial!
You'll learn everything you need to know about how to build or purchase and run a Deep Media Grow Bed Aquaponics System. This is a 7 Part Tutorial complete with Quizzes and a Completion Certificate. And it's FREE. Just pull down the Education Tab on our Home Page. This Course offers some of the most detailed and accurate information available about Aquaponics on the internet.
It really is time for a FOOD REVOLUTION in America; and learning Aquaponics is a big part of taking a stand for REAL Food. Be sure to check out our Aquaponics USA website and access our 7-Part Tutorial on Aquaponics complete with Quizzes and a Certificate of Completion all for Free if you really want to learn how to be an Aquaponics farmer.
Please alert your colleagues, friends and family who need to become aware of the dangers of toxic Artificial Sweeteners. We can't make the changes we need to make without first understanding why the changes are so important. We can save lives with this information.
Thank You for following our Blog. We so appreciate your interest in our two cutting edge Aquaponics Companies, Aquaponics USA and Aquaponics Wold, LLC. We'll continue to bring you important information about Aquaponics, our Food and our Food System, which, right now, is broken and has turned us into subjects of Big Food.
By AquaponicsUSA • Posted in Food & Health, Food Freedom Issues, Food Freedom USA, Food Politics • Tagged Artificial Sweeteners, Aspartame, Donald Rumsfeld, Equal, Neotame, NutraSweet, Saccharin, Sweet'N Low | {
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Chadwick Boseman Died Without a Will, Wife Files Probate Case
Chadwick Boseman's wife, Taylor Simone Ledward-Boseman, has filed a probate case to gain access to the late actor's estate.
Taylor filed with the Los Angeles court on Thursday (October 15). She is seeking to become an administrator of Boseman's estate, which would provide her with limited authority.
According to court documents obtained by Entertainment Tonight, Chadwick died "intestate," which means he passed away without a final will and testament. His estate has an estimated value of $938,500 according to the documents.
Along with Taylor, Chadwick's parents, Leroy and Carolyn, are also named in the court documents. Typically, when a spouse dies without a will or children, the surviving spouse inherits all of the assets of the deceased's estate.
Chadwick and Taylor got engaged in 2019 and wed prior to his passing. On August 28, Chadwick died from complications due to colon cancer. He was 43.
"It is with immeasurable grief that we confirm the passing of Chadwick Boseman," a statement from his family read. "Chadwick was diagnosed with stage III colon cancer in 2016, and battled with it these last four years as it progressed to stage IV."
"He died in his home, with his wife and family by his side," it continued. "The family thanks you for your love and prayers, and asks that you continue to respect their privacy during this difficult time."
Stars We Lost in 2020
Source: Chadwick Boseman Died Without a Will, Wife Files Probate Case
Filed Under: Chadwick Boseman
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2021 KQVT- Q92 The Beat, Townsquare Media, Inc. All rights reserved. | {
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Home/ Softball/ 2018 NAIA Softball Coaches' Top 25 Poll — No. 4 (April 24)
2018 NAIA Softball Coaches' Top 25 Poll — No. 4 (April 24)
Southeastern and Freed-Hardeman bounce in as newcomers
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — For the fourth-straight week, Georgia Gwinnett latches on as the No. 1 pick in the 2018 NAIA Softball Coaches' Top 25 Poll, announced Tuesday by the national office. The Grizzlies gathered all 19 first-place votes and 529 total points. The 10 NAIA National Championship Opening Round host sites will be announced on Wednesday, April 25.
Top 25 Highlights (historical information dates back to 2000):
Georgia Gwinnett has won 24-straight contests dating back to a March 16th victory against Kentucky Christian.
The club owns a 43-2 overall record on the season, which stands as the best win percentage in the NAIA at .956.
In national statistical rankings, the Grizzlies are No. 2 in stolen bases per game (3.00), batting average (.376) and fielding percentage (.973). Niki Cook ranks first in the NAIA in total stolen bases with 49. She needs five more to crack into the all-time NAIA regular-season top 10 list.
The Grizzlies face No. 13 Faulkner (Ala.) on Tuesday.
No. 7 Vanguard (Calif.) claims the most wins in the NAIA with a 48-8 mark.
No. 21 Southeastern (Fla.) and No. 22 Freed-Hardeman (Tenn.) are the only rookies this week. Southeastern was last ranked in the 2018 Preseason Top 25 at the No. 16 spot. The Lions are mentioned for the first time this year with the last being on April 18, 2017 in the No. 22 position.
No. 5 Oklahoma City leads all active schools with 133-straight rankings, falling no lower than 18th during that stretch. No. 18 William Carey (Miss.) is second with 96-consecutive mentions, followed by No. 11 Lindsey Wilson (Ky.) at 57-straight.
Former member California Baptist tops the charts of most all-time No. 1 mentions with 46. Oklahoma City is second all-time with 43, followed by former member Concordia (Calif.) with 24, former member Simon Fraser (B.C.) with 18 and Thomas (Ga.) with 13.
The poll was voted upon by a panel of head coaches representing each of the conferences and the Association of Independent Institutions.
The Top 25 is determined by a points system based on how each voter ranks the best teams. A team receives 30 points for each first-place vote, 29 for second-place and so on through the list.
The highest and lowest ranking for each team (a non-rating is considered a low ratings) is removed and the team's ranking will be recalculated with an additional point added to each team for every ballot (including discounted ballots) that the teams appears on.
Teams that receive only one point in the ballot are not considered "receiving votes"
Frequency of polls occur bi-weekly.
For the complete calendar of 2018 Top 25 Polls,click here.
2018 NAIA Softball Coaches' Top 25 Poll – Poll No. 4 (April 24, 2018)
RANK LAST WEEK^ SCHOOL (1ST PLACE VOTES) 2018 RECORD TOTAL POINTS
1 1 Georgia Gwinnett (19) 43-2 529
2 2 Marian (Ind.) 36-2 504
3 3 Science & Arts (Okla.) 44-3 501
4 4 Campbellsville (Ky.) 39-6 473
5 5 Oklahoma City 41-6 469
6 6 Hope International (Calif.) 43-9 426
7 8 Vanguard (Calif.) 48-8 412
8 9 Southern Oregon 38-11 402
9 7 Mobile (Ala.) 36-11 390
10 11 Indiana Wesleyan 41-8 386
11 9 Lindsey Wilson (Ky.) 35-10 341
12 13 Corban (Ore.) 31-10 333
13 18 Faulkner (Ala.) 42-8 323
14 14 Thomas (Ga.) 32-12 304
15 16 Jamestown (N.D.) 33-6 303
16 19 St. Francis (Ill.) 26-6 271
17 T22 Grand View (Iowa) 33-6 267
18 12 William Carey (Miss.) 31-13 241
19 17 Central Methodist (Mo.) 31-7 223
20 T22 Oregon Tech 31-11 187
21 RV Southeastern (Fla.) 38-13 150
22 RV Freed-Hardeman (Tenn.) 26-11 138
23 T25 Morningside (Iowa) 23-10 123
24 20 Warner (Fla.) 31-12 119
25 T25 Baker (Kan.) 31-9 106
Others Receiving Votes: Rio Grande (Ohio) 92; Olivet Nazarene (Ill.) 79; Truett-McConnell (Ga.) 75; Valley City State (N.D.) 57; Georgetown (Ky.) 39; Lyon (Ark.) 29; Our Lady of the Lake (Texas) 23; Aquinas (Mich.) 12; Simpson (Calif.) 12; William Jessup (Calif.) 11; Northwestern (Iowa) 10; Tabor (Kan.) 9; Columbia (Mo.) 4.
Dropped Out: No. 15 Columbia (Mo.), No. 21 Brenau (Ga.), No. 24 Ottawa (Kan.).
^ Previous ranking occurred April 10, 2018 (Poll No. 3)
40th ANNUAL NAIA SOFTBALL
National Championship Opening
Round – Campus Sites
Killian Sports Complex
Springfield, Mo.
Opening Round Schedule | Results
World Series Schedule | Results
Opening Round Records | {
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Chm Blog Behind the Scenes , Museum News
Letters to Lovelace Competition at CHM
By Megan Merritt | January 19, 2016
Artwork by Sydney Padua
The year 2015 marked Ada Lovelace's 200th birthday, and, in honor of her mathematical and artistic achievements, the Computer History Museum (CHM) began a year-long celebration to commemorate her legacy with exciting Museum-wide events. Among them was our Letters to Lovelace competition, which asked girls across the United States to share their creative responses to the question: What do you think would interest Ada Lovelace about 21st century technology? In partnership with The National Museum of Computing (TNMOC) in Bletchley, England; the University of Oxford, Queen Mary University in London; and the Heinz Nixdorf Forum in Germany, CHM welcomed girls ages 18 and under to submit responses to be judged on the quality of their research, creativity, and their message to Lovelace.
This trans-Atlantic partnership began when a CHM colleague, visiting the UK last June, learned about TNMOC's "Fascinating Ada Competition" and thought it would be fun to partner with them to facilitate an American version of the contest. We decided to run the competitions in parallel and use many of the same judges to choose the winners. Once we launched our competition at CHM, entries started to trickle in from girls across the country.
As education programs coordinator, I was in the lucky position of receiving all the letters. Whenever I could find a free minute in my day, I would read through them and share endearing or poignant anecdotes with my colleagues, not only in the Education Department, but also in Marketing, Collections and Exhibitions, and beyond. It was clear that although this was a contest facilitated by Education, the whole Museum was interested to read the creative responses our contestants submitted and even to take part in the judging of the letters.
Emilia D., age 6. Image published with parental permission.
After receiving the entries from our young contestants, a few colleagues and I gathered in the Museum's classroom (appropriately called Lovelace) and plopped down in front of laptops with our plates full of pizza, scanning through each letter carefully. Our job was to create a shortlist of finalists to send to the judges. Every once in a while you would hear a sudden burst of laughter or an emphatic "awww" as we read how contestants used social media or came across a sweet drawing of a modern-day appliance with a thoughtful explanation about how life has changed since the time Babbage's Analytic Engine. It was fun getting to share our favorite parts of the letters with the rest of the group. The process of narrowing down our entries to just a few in each age category—under 13, ages 13–15, and ages 16–18—was tough, since each letter was unique and included details of various technological inventions, but it was an enlightening process in regard to what the next generation thinks of technology, especially considering that most of them haven't known a reality without Facebook, Google searches, or the ever-present glow of a smartphone.
Kate W., age 10. Image published with parental permission.
One thing that stuck out for me and the rest of my colleagues, as we sifted our way through each entry, was the girls' amazing brand loyalty to certain companies and products (I'm looking at you, Apple). In many cases, specific product names became synonymous with modern-day technology. For example, more than once I noticed (with a fair amount of concern) that the iPad had become interchangeable with any tablet on the market, much like how the terms Band-Aid or Popsicle have become generic terms for an adhesive bandage and a frozen ice pop in our everyday lexicon.
Once we deliberated and decided on the contestants whose letters stood out, we sent our short list across the pond to the United Kingdom, where our panel of "celebrity" judges read over the shortlisted entries and selected the winners. This all-star panel included four women, who are either tech pioneers in their respective fields, or have researched and/or written about Ada Lovelace. You can read more about these amazing women and their contributions to tech and culture below.
When we received the list of winning contestants, it was fun to go back, reread the letters, and discover new insights that may not have jumped off the page during the first read-through. Here are a few of my favorite passages from our bright young winners:
I would love to talk to you on the phone about the program you wrote for the Analytical Engine. Oh, I forgot! You don't know about phones either.
— Ayana W., age 10
It was a lifetime dream of yours to fly, if only you could be here now. We have wonderful machines now, called airplanes that enable you to really fly. They can take you almost anywhere in several hours. Think, to truly have the world at your fingertips! Oh, Ada, it truly is amazing.
— Sonia Z.-M., age 10
The first input of your ideas into modern computing happened with Alan Turing. Turing, a renowned mathematical genius ahead of his time, used your notes as a basis for creating a machine to win a world war!
— Alexandria R., age 15
Firstly, I'd like to say how impressed I am by you. Your mind seems like it was much more advanced than the minds of many men in your lifetime…It's no wonder Mr. Babbage was so enthralled with you."
— Caroline C., age 16
Read more! Check out these letters by Emilia D. and Kate W.
Ayana W., age 10. Image published with parental permission.
In continuation of our Ada celebrations, we hosted an all-day event in December 2015, called Adafest, and had initially planned to have an award ceremony for the winners of the contest, where each winner would be able to read her letter in person. However, since many of the winners were from the East Coast, we decided, instead, to have each girl send us a video of her reading her personal letter to Ada. We then created a compilation of all the videos, which we played on a loop throughout the day. We also invited our local Bay Area winners to the Museum to read their letters in person; one of our lucky winners from Brooklyn actually got to "beam in" to one of our Beam robot devices and read her letter virtually! This was such a unique opportunity for the girls, and was certainly a highlight of Adafest.
All winners under 13. Image published with parental permission.
After the competition, a few of the winners' parents sent me emails about the event, and the lasting impression it had on their daughters. Sonia Z.-M.'s mom said that Sonia had "the experience of a lifetime," and that she "was and remains over the moon. Giddy from the experience." Emilia D.'s mom said that Emilia enjoyed every single activity at Adafest, and that night told her mom, "I will never forget this day." She went to bed talking about the great experience she had at CHM. Overall, the Letters to Lovelace award ceremony was fun and inspiring, and we certainly look forward to hosting future events and competitions that invigorate girls and encourage them to explore STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) topics and careers.
The girls' unique perspectives on the upsides of technology—and also the implications—shed light on how we have come to rely so heavily on technologies that are often taken for granted, like smartphones, GPS, and even basic calculators. Many applicants also paid homage to Lovelace, explaining that her remarkable vision as a mathematician and computational thinker has inspired girls around the world, like themselves, to learn more about STEM. We were honored to highlight Ada's story at CHM and to partner with other organizations to help encourage young girls to think creatively about how history has shaped the present.
Thank you to all our wonderful judges who volunteered their time to read through each shortlisted letter, both in the American competition as well as the competition in England and Germany, and to provide their expert feedback. Their knowledge and expertise on Ada Lovelace was extremely beneficial, and we are honored that they participated in our international partnership.
Wilson and colleague Steve Furber were honored as CHM Fellows in 2012 for their prototype design, which became the BBC Microcomputer. The two then co-designed the 32-bit RISC Machine processor.
Betty Toole
Dr. Betty Alexandra Toole has been involved with research about Ada Lovelace for 32 years. Her book, Ada, The Enchantress of Numbers: Poetical Science, is available as an e-book and audiobook.
Doreen Hartmann
Doreen Hartmann is curator at the Heinz Nixdorf Museum in Paderborn, Germany, and is project manager of its Ada Lovelace exhibition, IT Began with Ada. Women in Computer History.
Ursula Martin
Ursula Martin CBE is a professor of mathematics and computer science at the University of Oxford. Her recent work on the Ada Lovelace archives combines her passion for mathematics and computing, and her increasing interest in the social context of technical advance.
Megan Merritt is education programs coordinator at the Computer History Museum. Megan joined the Museum in November of 2013, and is responsible for managing collaborative Education Department projects and leading outreach and community relations for all educational group visits, including school field trips and public and private special interest groups.
Rediscovering the Core: A New Identity for CHM
Venturing Forth: The Exponential Center Launches a Venture Capital Initiative | {
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Australia Raises Concern for Detained Canadians in China
Phil Mercer
Australian Foreign Minister Marise Payne speaks during a joint press conference with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing, Nov. 8, 2018.
SYDNEY —
Australia has issued a statement raising concerns about China's detention of two Canadian citizens after foreign policy experts questioned why Canberra had been silent.
The arrests of entrepreneur Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig, a former former diplomat, earlier this month came after Canada detained a Huawei executive in Vancouver at the request of the United States.
There was swift condemnation of the arrest of two Canadians by the European Union, Britain, Germany and France. They were concerned about the apparent political motivation of their detention. China accused Spavor and Kovrig of endangering state security.
Despite the international outcry, Australia — another of Canada's key western allies — stayed silent. There was no official explanation, but a group of 30 academics and former diplomats signed a petition urging Canberra to call for the pair to be freed.
Shoulder-to-shoulder
Rory Medcalf, the head of the National Security College at the Australian National University, says Australia must stand shoulder-to-shoulder with Canada.
"If middle-sized democracies do not stand together against offensive behavior by China on the international stage, then one-by-one we will be subjected to similar punishment or bullying on those occasions when our interests clash with China's," Medcalf said.
In response, Australia's Foreign Minister Marise Payne issued a brief statement, which does not back Canada's call for the two men to be immediately released.
"The Australian government is concerned about the recent detention of two Canadian citizens in China," Payne said. "We would be very concerned if these cases were related to legal proceedings currently under way in Canada involving a Chinese citizen, Ms Meng Wanzhou."
China is Australia's biggest trading partner. But relations have soured in recent times over allegations that Beijing has meddled in Australia's domestic politics, while Canberra has been accused by China of cyber espionage.
Earlier this month, Australia said its companies were among the global victims of an extensive campaign of cyber espionage attacks backed by the Chinese government.
Canberra said cybercrime had "the potential to undermine global economic growth, national security and international stability."
Australia Strips Citizenship From Suspected Terrorist
China Releases Detained Canadian Teacher
Australia Swelters as Heat Records Tumble | {
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The title of this post reminds me of that Jennifer Garner film "Suddenly 30" or some international readers may know it as "13 Going on 30". My oldest niece Bailey is thirteen this year, it is a tricky age. She still wants handmade birthday cards to give friends (I totally love that she still wants me to make cards for her), however, she is getting a little fussy with the designs "we are teenagers now Aunty, it needs to be cool, not cute".
I have found numbers and digging into my stash of printed papers have been hitting the mark. I have used the INKspired blog hop sketch as inspiration for the layout, make sure at the end of the post you hop around to the other players in the INKspired blog hop and see how they have used the sketch I provided for the team.
I stepped it up for this friend by creating an envelope to hold this teen approved card. Bailey was impressed by my handy work, this time around.
It is the easiest envelope to make, if you are interested in learning how I make them, simply drop a comment on this post and if I have a little interest I will take photos of each stage (the whole 4 steps) explaining.
Most of what I have showcased on this card is retiring June 1st.
it is P R E T T Y!
I would LOVE to know how you made this gorgeous card and envelope!! Thank you in advance!
A very 'cool' card Teneale! I for one would love to know how you created the envelope!
Love your card & envelope. Just beautiful! Please let us know how you did the envelope!
I would love to see directions to make this envelope. Your work is beautiful!
This is an eye-popping creation, not just for a teen. Would love step-by-step photos. Lovely project.
Love the card Teneale and am interested in the envelope technique, thanks for sharing your lovely work. | {
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Smith-Ripley House, also known as Ripley House Museum, is a historic home located at Adams in Jefferson County, New York. It was built in 1854 and is a two-story Italianate style house with an 1883 two-story addition in the southeast corner and a 1967 one story addition in the rear. Sitting on a stone foundation, the main block is three bays wide and three bays deep. The exterior is red brick construction with the exception of the wood 1967 addition. Also on the property is a carriage house dating to 1854.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
References
External links
Ripley House Museum - Historical Association of South Jefferson
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Historic house museums in New York (state)
Georgian architecture in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1854
Historical society museums in New York (state)
Museums in Jefferson County, New York
Houses in Jefferson County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, New York | {
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Will children ever care about opera?
What role opera should play in our educational system is a problem that has baffled and exercised me for my 25 years as a critic – and lover – of this great if beleaguered art form.
My feelings are complicated by the fact that my own path to opera was entirely self-motivated. Nobody in my family was interested in music unless it was Frank Sinatra, and my prep school offered only some class singing and piano lessons. But I listened with instinctive pleasure to the wonderful popular music of the early Sixties – from the shows of Rodgers and Hammerstein to the Beach Boys and the Beatles – and from there graduated to Gilbert & Sullivan. All this was simply available via public libraries and the media: nobody pushed anything at me or proselytized. | {
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"János is a tall actor."
My understanding is that "van" is used when talking about location and not when describing someone.
"jános magas van színész" why should there be no van here?
Take a look at the Tips & Notes for the "Basic 2" lesson. It's explained there.
I wrote the exact correct answer but still got a message that I have a typo. What can it be? There are no missing or wrong accents. | {
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For refurbished vendors' site, Chandigarh civic body to spend again, readies flooring estimate of Rs 37.49 lakh
Providing and laying cement concrete of specific grade excluding the cost of shuttering will be done at a cost of Rs 19,48,875 and another part of it will be done at a cost of Rs 8,66,658. The railing would be installed at a cost of Rs 3.02 lakh.
Written by Hina Rohtaki | Chandigarh | Published: December 16, 2019 10:38:22 am
The vendors' site in Sector 15, Chandigarh. (Express photo: Kamleshwar Singh)
IN ANOTHER glaring example of splurging public money, the Chandigarh civic body will be providing flooring afresh on a site meant for street vendors which was refurbished in January this year with neatly layered paver blocks, completely intact. The new flooring at this vendors' site which is one of the largest among all vending sites in Sector 15 will be done at a cost of Rs 37.49 lakh.
According to the estimate prepared by the engineering wing, accessed by Chandigarh Newsline, of this Rs 37.49 lakh, around Rs 1 lakh would be spent on dismantling the concrete paver blocks and stacking the existing ones. Providing and laying cement concrete of specific grade excluding the cost of shuttering will be done at a cost of Rs 19,48,875 and another part of it will be done at a cost of Rs 8,66,658. The railing would be installed at a cost of Rs 3.02 lakh.
When contacted, Chief Engineer Shailender Singh said that existing pavers are not to be dismantled and an approach road needs to be made. However, when told that it was in the documents of estimates prepared by the engineering wing that the existing ones will be dismantled and nowhere in all the 17 points of the estimate it was mentioned that any approach road will be made, he said he would check with the executive engineer concerned.
Former councillor and BJP leader Saurabh Joshi said that this expenditure was not justified as the site was refurbished in January this year and pavers were completely intact. "It is surprising that not a single paver block is broken. And why do they want to make it concrete again by splurging public money? Just this January, they made the area concrete," Joshi said.
Joshi also raised a question as to when the change in land use was done as it was a green belt earlier. "Has a proper procedure been followed when the change in land use was done because I was told by the department of urban planning that the CLU can't be done? So now, how did they convert the green belt into this land? And did they call in public suggestions and objections for this?" Joshi asked.
Surinder Sharma, president of the Residents Welfare Association of Sector 15, said that a vigilance inquiry should be ordered into the fresh expenditure that is being incurred at the site. "They have made it a money-minting thing. Everything is in a perfect condition. Moreover, they should focus more on the fact that the choice of this site is faulty. Who will provide security to the girls who are in the hostel adjacent to the site?" he asked.
The site was recently revamped for as many as 936 vendors. Residents have already been raising questions on the choice of the site saying that there is a girls' hostel next to it and it will become a hub of anti-social elements.
For all the latest Chandigarh News, download Indian Express App
Hina Rohtaki... read more
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Engaged Nagpur institute to help us resolve STP issues: Chandigarh Administration to NGT | {
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This layout divides one binary number held in input register A, by the number held in register B, and outputs the result in register S. The calculation is performed by a series of subtractions. Register S counts the number of subtractions before register A 'underflows'.
Accumulator function, to subtract B from A.
Count Up function to increment S.
Clear register S. Enter binary values for A and B (eg 14/3) and start the train from the station. When the train returns and halts, the result of A/B can be read from the output register S.
If the result of A / B exceeds 31, register S overflows and the train returns to the lower station platform as an error. This should not happen unless dividing by zero, or register S was not cleared before calculation commenced.
Register B is checked first. If it is greater than A, then A will 'underflow'. The train returns to the station and the calculation halts, showing 0.
The original value of A is 'lost' as B is subtracted from it. A Copy function can be added to preserve the initial value of A.
The remainder value is also lost. Again, a Copy function can be added to preserve the remainder value if required.
This layout is almost a vertical reflection of the previous Multiplier function, (with two more stages added to register A). In the Multiplier, the Count Down function is checked first, in case it is zero. Here, the Accumulator is checked first, in case it is larger than A causing an 'underflow' and halting the calculation.
The layout works correctly when dividing by zero, eventually causing register S to overflow. Its not very elegant though. In the layout below, I've dropped in a Zero Check function, which stops the calculation with an error if B is zero.
See Divider using a shift function for a more efiicient design. | {
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Getting a personal loan in Enon has never been easier !
Unexpected financial situations are stressful for everyone. Do you stuck in a nasty situation and you need cash now but cannot borrow them from family or friends, and your next pay check is far away? It could be an urgent car repair or a bill that certainly need to be paid – in a month when they are maxed out on their credit cards. We provide our customers with the best payday loan possible. It's so simple because we really understand your needs. Our target is not only to make sure that our services are the most customized but also to treat our clients as the real partners.
Payday Loans Enon - professional and quick help Everybody knows it but it's pretty annoying when we do not have enough of savings to deal with this situation. We will help you get the funds you need today. Choose Payday loans in Enon because of quick, simple and convenient online application process. You don't need to meet with representatives of the lending company before obtaining a cash loan. Handle the money flow problem today and have a good night's sleep tonight. Quick online loans are necessary from time to time, and when it does, it is better for you to deal with a solid and trusted company. That is why we are here for you. Our online loan application process is very quick and 100% safe and confidential. Our agents will contact you after you send the application. And your quick loan can be deposited on your bank account even the same day!
Why you should pick Payday Loans Enon? Our pay day loan process was designed to help you in bad situations. When it comes to your funds, trust the best! We are a trustful company who provides rapid and effective service to people who need loans. Our company is one of the most experienced lending lenders in United States so that is why we've created the best online short-term loans available all time. We operates with simplicity, fairness, and transparency. We are offering clearly defined fees terms, and simple short-term rates. We don't sell any private clients information to third parties.
Payday Loans Online - Apply online now! A payday loan is a type of loan when you need some extra amount of money before your next paycheck. They could provide you with a convenient source of funds when you need it most. If you're dealing with some sort of financial problems at the end of month cause you estimated your finances not correctly, apply for ourfast loan in Enon. | {
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Looking for tips on how to be a successful host at Hipcamp? Best to hear it from Hipcamp hosts themselves. Hanging hammocks so campers have just the right view of Mt. Shasta, sharing extra produce and eggs to instill a deeper connection to the land and, at the very core of Hipcamp, opening up their land to others, Hipcamp Hosts are the real experts.
These tips and suggestions are laid out to help create a great experience for both campers and Hosts. There're likely many more tips and ideas from current hosts, too, and we'd love to learn from them to update this post as we grow! There's a section at the bottom of this post for more details.
Keeping the availability of your calendar up to date is a great way to make sure campers know what to expect when they first interact with your listing. Whether you have chosen to accept Direct Bookings or Requests to Book, frequently updating your calendar will save you time and from having to decline or cancel bookings. If you Host on any other platforms, syncing your calendar is also a great step.
Another great way to help campers know what to expect is to request a Field Scout to verify your listing (in the 'Photos' section of your Host Dashboard). They will leave a review of each of your campgrounds, take professional photos and share thoughts and ideas about the offline experience. Field Scout verified properties make 5x the revenue of unverified properties, on average.
Hosts Beaux and Hollis of Happy Horse in Texas. Photo by Kelly Sparks.
Something we've heard from campers is that they prefer the ease of 'Direct Book' campgrounds. As we look to making getting outside as easy as possible, this is one less barrier.
If you have selected the option to have campers Request to Book, we show a Response Time and Rate on your listing. We know stuff comes up, weather is unpredictable and the beauty of a lot of properties is their remote nature. Because of this, we only measure the 5 most recent responses for both Response Time and Response Rate to share with camper's what the recent experience has been like. If you have cell service, using SMS text messaging to accept and decline bookings is a good way to cut down on Response Time.
Co-Host Jennafer of Monument Valley Overlook in Arizona. Photo by Maddy Minnis.
The Host advice really speaks to it all here. Open up your land and life with campers and they'll be certain to reflect the experience in the Review they leave your campground. It can help to ask them in person as they depart, too!
Following the advice laid out by some of our most successful Hosts is a sure way to create a great experience for Hipcampers as well as yourself. If you have any additional advice for new Hipcamp Hosts that you'd like to be included in this post or want to talk through more ideas, please reach out to [email protected]. | {
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InfoTrust LLC uses all features of Google Analytics for Display Advertisers. That includes obtaining specific visitor cookie data, such as the source, medium and keyword used to visit our website. Google Analytics does not store any visitor specific data and we will not use visitor specific data in any way related to Google Analytics, Google Adwords, and Remarketing.
InfoTrust LLC uses remarketing with Google Adwords and analytics to display content specific advertisements to visitors that have previously visited our site when those visitors go to other websites that have the Google Display Network implemented. | {
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2. What is an abstract class?
3. What is the purpose of 'final' keyword?
5. State the difference between inner class and anonymous class?
6. What is interface and mention its use.
7. Which Java.util classes and interfaces support event handling?
8. Which class is the top of the AWT event hierarchy.
9. Give the differences between process and thread. | {
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Hatch, Wyden announce bipartisan deal to reauthorize CHIP for 5 years
Sens. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) and Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) on Tuesday announced that they have reached a deal to extend federal funding for CHIP for five years.
Federal funding for CHIP—which covers about 9.2 million low-income U.S. children and pregnant women—is set to expire at the end of fiscal year (FY) 2017 on Sept. 30. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased federal funding for CHIP by 23 percent and authorized the extra funding to continue through September 2019. According to the Associated Press, the federal government allocates about $7 billion annually for CHIP.
Where the states stand on Medicaid expansion
According to AP, the bipartisan deal would phase out the additional federal funds provided to states under the ACA. States under the deal would continue to receive the extra funds at current levels for the next two years. The additional funding would decline to a share of 11.5 percent in 2020 and would be completely eliminated by 2021.
Hatch said states would have "increased flexibility" under the deal to decide how to run CHIP, but did not provide further details. He said the deal would "continue to advance" CHIP "in a way that does not add to the [federal] deficit."
The senators said they would release legislative text to reauthorize CHIP in the "coming days," Axios' "Vitals" reports. It is unclear whether the deal will be introduced as a standalone bill or combined with another measure, according to the AP. It also is unclear whether the deal will have enough support to pass Congress, though Democrats and Republicans historically have supported CHIP.
Hatch in a statement said he is "hopeful we can move forward swiftly to ensure no lapse in care for our nation's most vulnerable children."
Likewise, Wyden in a statement said he hopes to get CHIP reauthorized "as soon as possible" (Fram, AP/Sacramento Bee, 9/12; HHS Fiscal Year 2018 Budget Brief, accessed 9/13; Beech, Reuters, 9/12; Weixel, The Hill, 9/12; Baker, "Vitals," Axios, 9/13).
5 things everyone should know about MACRA (no matter what happens with ACA repeal)
The implementation of MACRA is the most notable change to Medicare physician payment in over a decade. Passed with bipartisan support, MACRA changes the way Medicare pays clinicians.
Check out our infographic to see the no-regrets strategies to prepare your organization for success under MACRA.
Get the Infographic
Can the new Apple Watch detect heart problems? Stanford and American Well want to find out
Around the nation: Intermountain stands with staff who have DACA status
Current ArticleHatch, Wyden announce bipartisan deal to reauthorize CHIP for 5 years
The best-designed new hospitals, according to Modern Healthcare
Yes, your dog loves you. This neuroscientist can prove it.
Research could shift standard treatment for post-surgery melanoma patients
Move every 30 minutes—it could reduce your chance of early death, researchers say
Uninsured rate reaches record low, Census Bureau reports | {
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Category Archives: Lilith
Lilith section updated
Posted on July 25, 2017 by hanso
I have added the repository by Jos Dreesen on Lilith and the Emulith emulator with a local copy.
Jos maintains a ftp with just the files, I made it available as web pages here with higher availability and easier viewing of images and videos.
Posted in General, Lilith, Wirth
Got myself an excellent book on the Art of Simplicity. Niklaus Wirth designed programming langauages like Pascal and sequels like Modula-2 and Oberon. His style and dedication to simplicity in a clear writing and presentation style made a great impression on me.
This book gives unique insights in what has happened and is still happening in the school of Niklaus Wirth. Excellent book!
From the Back Cover
Niklaus Wirth is one of the great pioneers of computer technology and winner of the ACM's A.M. Turing Award, the most prestigious award in computer science. He has made substantial contributions to the development of programming languages, compiler construction, programming methodology, and hardware design. While working at ERH Zurich, he developed the languages Pascal and Modula-2. He also designed an early high performance workstation, the Personal Computer Lilith, and most recently the language and operating system Oberon.
While Wirth has often been praised for his excellent work as a language designer and engineer, he is also an outstanding educator – something for which he is not as well known. This book brings together prominent computer scientists to describe Wirth's contributions to education. With the exception of some of his colleagues such as Professors Dijkstra, Hoare, and Rechenberg, all of the contributors to this book are students of Wirth. The essays provide a wide range of contemporary views on modern programming practice and also illuminate the one persistent and pervasive quality found in all his work: his unequivocal demand for simple solutions. The authors and editors hope to pass on their enthusiasm for simple engineering solutions along with their feeling for a man to whom they are all so indebted.
Editors: László Böszörményi, Jürg Gutknecht, Gustav Pomberger
Part 1: Niklaus Wirth – a Pioneer of Computer Science Gustav Pomberger, Hanspeter Mossenbock, Peter Rechenberg
Part 2: Niklaus Wirth and Edsger W. Dijkstra
From Programming Language Design to Computer Construction, Niklaus Wirth (Turing Award)
On the transitive closure of a wellfounded relation, Edsger W. Dijkstra
Part 3: The Teachings of a Scholar as Told by his Pupils – Common Work in Retrospect
Oberon – the Overlooked, Jewel Michael Franz
Compiler Construction – The Art of Niklaus Wirth, Hanspeter Mossenbock
Medos in Retrospect, Svend Erik Knudsen
Lean Systems in an Intrinsically Complex World, Peter Schulthess
Learning the Value of Simplicity, Stephen W. Gehring
Part 4: New Ways in Education and Research
Compiler Construction versus Lotus Notes: A Strange Battle, Jurg Gutknecht
Modules and Components – Rivals or Partners, Clemens Szyperski
A Compiler for the Java HotSpot Virtual Machine, Robert Griesemer, Srdjan Mitrovic
Designing a Cluster Network, Hans Eberle
Programming With Functional Nets, Martin Odersky
Part 5: Mastering Simplicity – in the Industry
Lilith meets the World of Business, Bernhard Wagner
Chip Company that made $100M with MODULA-2, Robert Burton, Farrell Ostler, Thom Boyer, Fon Brown, Matt Morrise
FFF97 – Oberon in the Real World, Dr. Josef Templ
Part 6: The World According to Wirth – Personal, Anecdotal Reviews
Serendipity, Kathleen Jensen
Daily Life with N. Wirth,Jirka Hoppe
Third Millennium Culture, Ann Dunki Authors and Editors
In may 2006 Jos Dreesen send me the following photos of a surviving, but then not functional Lilith. In january 2008 Jos succeeded in having this machine running again, one of the few functional remaining Lilith computers (there may be a functioning one at ETH, about ten are known to exist)!
Photos made by Jos Dreesen, 2006
Photos made by Jos Dreesen, 2008-2012
Professor Niklaus Wirth is an honered and well respected computer scientist. Very influencal with his work on programming, programming languages and operating systems design. Designer of Pascal, Modula, Oberon, the Lilith computer and more. As a professor at the ETH in Zurich Switzerland he advanced our knowledge and capabilities with computers and their programming.
On these pages information on:
– work before Pascal: Euler, PL360, Algol W
– sources of the early Pascal compilers from ETH Zurich: From 1972 CDC6000 to the Pascal-Px, Pascal-S and the toy/learning compilers Pl/O and Oberon-0
– Lilith and Modula
– Oberon to Project Oberon
– articles by Niklaus Wirth and others on Pascal, Modula-2 to Oberon
– full books by Niklaus Wirth
Wirth not only designed languages, he also supervised and designed hardware and operating systems and applications, combining the strengths of his programming languages with a well suited platform. The first computer is called Lilith, of which about 100 were built around 1980. In 1981 he wrote an article about Lilith: "The Personal Computer Lilith", on this page you find also photo's recently made of a surviving and working Lilith computer. Project Oberon followed and, though long retired, he is still working on it!
More videos with Niklaus Wirth on youtube
Summary of projects by N. Wirth, 1962 – 1999
Euler, 1962-1965
Efforts to identify and combine the essential and fundamental concepts of programming languages, in particular of ALGOL 60, led to Wirth's dissertation under the guidance of Prof. H. D. Huskey at the University of California at Berkeley, and to the definition of the language Euler. The language was implemented on the IBM 704 computer. After publication the project was continued at Stanford University and resulted in an improved implementation on the Burroughs B5000 computer. This work led the foundation for the method of the microprogrammed, stack-oriented interpreter, first tested on an IBM 360/30 computer. This method became widespread much later and was to play a key role in the implementation of high-level languages on microcomputers. Another important aspect of this research was the development of efficient, general parsing methods, and the systematic coupling of semantic interpretation with syntactic analysis. The so-called precedence grammars originated in the context of this project.
ALGOL W, 1964-1967
The work on Euler attracted the interest of the IFIP Working Group 2.1. This group had the task of promulgating and further enhancing ALGOL 60. Three proposals for a successor language were submitted in 1965. In the decisive meeting at Warsaw in the fall of 1966, the proposal of A. van Wijngaarden was elected to be further pursued. In 1970, it eventually became ratified by IFIP as ALGOL 68. Whereas it represented a radically new language, Wirth's proposal had been less ambitious and based on the idea to extend ALGOL 60. A compiler was implemented for his (subsequently modified) proposal, and it later became used (under the name Algol W) at many universities operating IBM 360 computers. It contributed significantly to uphold the ideas of ALGOL 60.
Since Algol-W was implemented on one of the first IBM 360 computers, and because only an assembler and a Fortran compiler were available, which both were deemed as unsuitable, Wirth conveived a so-called system implementation language. It was supposed to facilitate and speed up the Algol effort, and at the same time it was to be simple enough to avoid a large effort for its own implementation. These goals were fully achieved, and the resulting language PL360 unexpectedly became used at many other installations too. It was the prototype for other, similar developments for other computer architectures.
<strongPascal, 1968-1972
Freed from the constraining influence of a working group's consensus, Wirth developed the language Pascal in Zurich. The basis was Algol-W and the desire to have a language that would satisfy the requirements of system design (compilers, operating systems, etc.). Also, there was to be a basis of clear concepts and structures, definable axiomatically and independently of any particular computer, as the language was to be suitable also for teaching in an academic environment. Pascal has satisfied these requirements; it is today one of the most widely used languages in computer science education. The first Pascal compiler was designed in Zurich for the CDC 6000 computer family, and it became operational in 1970. Already in 1972 Pascal was used in introductory programming courses.
Venus, 1970-71
In 1970, the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) acquired a large-scale computer system. In its selection, priority was given to the efficient processing of numerical problems (number crunching). Whereas the concept of time-sharing spread everywhere else, the chosen CDC Cyber system's software was ill-suited for this mode of operation. Under the direction of Wirth and with the cooperation of the ETH Computation Center, the time sharing system Venus emerged in 1970. It met the stringent requirement of not infringing on the effectiveness of the batch processed number crunching tasks. Wirth programmed the Venus text editor; the system, although by now obsolescent, is still in daily use at ETH. It made it possible to introduce the concept of time-sharing to ETH, without which a modern computation center would be unthinkable.
Pascal-P, 1972-74
It had always been a major goal in the development of Pascal to demonstrate that structured languages need not be inferior to the predominant Fortran, if sufficient attention and care was paid to their implementation. But it soon became clear that industry had no interest in undertaking this demonstrations, although such engineering projects typically should fall into industry's domain. A second Pascal compiler effort was therefore launched at ETH. The new compiler produced code that was as good as that generated by commercially developed Fortran compilers. Furthermore, this project served as a test for the method of stepwise program refinement propagated by Wirth. A fringe benefit was the welcome capability to satisfy requests to help implement Pascal on other computers, as these requests from other universities became more frequent. The solution lay in replacing the new compiler's code generator by one producing code for a hypothetical architecture that was easily implemented on other machines in the form of a hand-coded interpreter. This architecture, stack-based, became known as the P-machine, its instruction set as P-code. (P for portable). It became the basis of the large majority of Pascal implementations which first appeared on large-scale computers (IBM, Univac, DEC, Siemens). But the genuine break-through occurred after microprocessors became widely available and it became clear that Pascal-P implementation was feasible for them (UCSD- Pascal).
Modula, 1973-76
Programming languages are mathematical theorems. They represent a methodology of programming, of abstract machine construction. In 1973, Wirth started a project to investigate the basic concepts of designing systems with concurrent processes, i.e. of multi- programming. The emerging design rules (guidelines) inevitably led to the formulation of language constructs expressing the generation and synchronization of concurrent activities. Their embedding in an environment of a minimal support language led to Modula. Implementation was conducted on a PDP-11 computer. A first successful application was the system Hexapus that allowed to connect minicomputers in laboratories with the Computation Center and is still in popular use today.
Lilith, 1977-1981
During a sabbatical year spent at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Wirth was confronted with an entirely new concept in computer usage: the personal work station. Without the least doubt, the personal work station was superior to the conventional computation center almost wherever computers were used: for the computer scientist, the system designer, in the office, the laboratory, and in particular also in the class room. Unquestionably, the advances in microelectronics would make it possible to manufacture personal work stations economically within the next five years. Whoever had a work station at his disposal would be ahead in the development of software suitable to this new mode of operation. In 1977, Wirth initiated a research project to develop a powerful work station: Lilith. A primary objective was to combine the design of hardware and software. Thereby the project expanded into an integrated design effort for hardware, microcode, operating system, compiler, and elementary application programs. The new mode of highly interactive usage required new concepts concerning the operating system and editors.
Inspite of the enormous task, the goal was successfully reached within three years thanks to the intensive and dedicated work of up to seven assistants. Today, 60 Lilith computers are in daily use at the Institute at ETH, and about 250 more in universities and in industry (e.g. Burroughs, Floating-Point Systems, TRW, Tektronix, Signetics) in the USA. Lilith demonstrated that a workstation can be a powerful, convenient, and even economical tool not only in the office, but in applications which so far had been the exclusive domain of large scale computers, such as computer-aided design.
Apart from the operating system and the compiler, interactive editors belong to the basic software of a system intended for program development. Editors were to be designed in entirely new ways; after all, the challenge lay in making optimal use of the new facilities offered by the hardware, the high-resolution, bit-mapped screen, and the mouse as a position input device. Both the prototype text editor Dina and the editor Sil for line drawings were programmed by Wirth himself. Dina was the ancestor of the later document preparation systems Andra and Lara which allow arbitrary text layout and the use of many fonts, and Sil is heavily used to draw all kinds of diagrams, in particular circuit diagrams.
Perhaps the most significant contribution of the Lilith project was that it made it possible to conceive solutions that would not have been thinkable with commercially available products. The first 10 Liliths were installed in 1980, five years before similar systems were marketed.
Modula-2, 1977-1980
Among other things, it was the conscious restriction to use a single programming language only that made the completion of the Lilith project possible in such a short time. Wirth decided to design a revision of Pascal, sacrificing upward compatibility in return for the advantage of avoiding Pascal's deficiencies: Modula-2. The principal new concepts were:
– The module as a unit of program which can be compiled separately.
– The coroutine as the basic buiding block for systems involving concurrent processes.
– An encapsulated set of types and procedures which allow access to machine-specific objects.
The first Modula-2 compiler was completed at ETH in 1979. It was implemented on a PDP-11 computer and then ported onto Lilith. The interest in Modula-2 soon grew, because it offered considerable advantages over Pascal, particularly in the construction of large systems developed by teams. The compiler was distributed to several hundred universities and places in industry, and soon there were companies offering their own developments (Logitech, Volition Systems, Tartan Laboratories). The advantages of Modula-2 were above all paying off in the development of the Lilith software itself. The compiler, the entire operating system, the editors, and all utilities were programmed exclusively in Modula-2. This demonstrated that the confinement to a single language is not only possible but even advantageous.
Computer-Network, 1980-82
The personal workstation gains enormously in value, if it is connected with other stations via a network. Impersonal stations, so-called servers, are of great importance, such as printers and central file stores. Under the direction of Wirth, a network interface was developed for Lilith, based on the principle of Ethernet. This 3 Mbit/s computer network was the first of its kind in Switzerland.
Laser Printer, 1982
Although Wirth had experienced the impressive versatility and the undisputable advantages of laser printers at Xerox in 1976, he had to wait until 1982 to obtain such a device at an affordable price. He acquired the first laser printer of this kind in Europe (Canon LBP-10), designed the hardware and software interface for Lilith, and thereby showed that Lilith was an ideal real-time computer to drive a laser printer's video signal, powerful enough to generate the 6 million raster dots of a printed page while the page is moving past the printer's drum. Under pressure to publish a book on Modula-2, he also programmed the document formatter system Skylla/Zeus, with which it was possible to produce the camera-ready original of the book.
Modula-2 Compiler, 1983-85
Over the years it became evident that the available Modula-2 compilers, including the one from ETH, were less than optimal, and through mediocre performance sometimes deterred users to take full advantage of Modula-2. Wirth decided to develop a new compiler from scratch by himself. It is based on the simple principle of one-pass compilation, whose application had become possible because of the large memories of modern computers, and which eliminates most of the slow accesses to secondary storage devices. The new compiler is remarkable because of its clear structure, its compactness and its efficiency. The program is about 5000 lines long, compared to 10'000 of its predecessor and 100'000 of comparable Ada compilers, and it compiles itself in less than 2 minutes, compared with half an hour required by its predecessor. These advantages are not only visible in the compiler's use, but they demonstrate that powerful modern languages do not necessarily require giant, complex translators, as is so often claimed.
Ceres 1 – 3, 1984-1990
Five years after Lilith, a second project was started to develop a new workstation. Not the design of a new processor architecture stood in the foreground, but rather the acquisition of know-how in the structure and use of modern hardware technology, also in conjunction with software development. Hence, the computer was to be based on a commercially available microprocessor. The choice fell to the NS32000 family of National Semiconductor (then still called the 16000). After the completion of a prototype with the 32016 processor, both Wirth and co-designer H. Eberle felt that a new design should be based on a 32-bit scheme. The second prototype was therefore built around the NS32032 part, the first genuine 32-bit processor on the market. The memory consisted of 64 256K-DRAM and 32 novel, dual-port 64K-VRAM chips, the latter implementing the frame buffer for the 1024×800 bit-mapped display with minimal bus interference.
In early 1986 33 Ceres-1 computers were built by Hardmeier & Co. in Winterthur, and subsequently tested in our Institute, proving that our goals for robustness and cost effectiveness were well reached. They were immediately put into daily use for research and teaching. A second series was built in the following year.
Progress in semiconductor technology had accelerated to a degree that after only a few years much more powerful machines could be built, even with reduced cost. In 1987-88, Ceres-2 was developed, mostly by B. Heeb under Wirth's supervision. It was based on the NS32532 processor, delivering a sevenfold increase in power over Ceres-1. The use of 1M-bit DRAMs facilitated the enlargement of memory to 4 or 8 Mbytes. 20 Ceres-2 machines were built by the same company in 1988.
The third model, Ceres-3, was designed in 1989 with the purpose of providing a low-cost workstation for student laboratories. The ratio of power vs. cost was of foremost concern. The station, built around the NS32GX32 processor, also had to operate without any moving parts in order to minimize maintenance cost and noise. No fan was to be used for cooling. The goals were met, and in 1990 100 Ceres-3 were built, all of them by a single engineer in four months. Since then, the machines are in use in offices and mostly student laboratories, connected by a network and served by a Ceres-1 server machine.
Oberon Language and System, 1986-1990
A sabbatical year at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (1984-85) brought Wirth into closer touch with the Cedar Operating System, developed in the preceding years at PARC. This was perhaps the first system truly tuned to the needs of personal workstations, and freed from the framework inherited from central computers with a batch processing mode. In daily use, however, Cedar showed all too clearly the symptoms of large software developed by large groups of people: it was bulky and unreliable. It had already become so complex, and its structure had become so intertwined that it was most difficult, if not impossible, to understand it. Wirth decided to undertake the development of a new system, based on concepts suggested by Cedar, but with the firm goal to keep its size such that it could be well understood as a whole, and could be explained in detail in the literature and in courses. Together with J. Gutknecht he worked on the conception and the detailed programming for the following 3-4 years, after which the basic, but easily extensible system was operational.
Although it was planned to use Modula-2 to implement the Oberon System, it soon became evident that a fundamental facility needed for extensibility was lacking: type extension. It was decided to also discard various facilities of lesser importance of Modula-2, and to construct a new, derived language and its compiler. Being an integral part of the project, the language also obtained the name Oberon.
Language and System soon became the standard tools in the Institute for software development, and in particular the development of system extensions. Wirth himself developed and programmed a graphics editor and software for the network connecting the Ceres workstations. A particular challenge was the design of a server station for printing, file distribution, and electronic mail, all together under the constraint of Oberon's single process property. Using a simple, clear concept proved to be a large benefit; the server operates without failure continuously for years.
Hardware Design with Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), 1990-1999
Similarity and difference between hardware and software design always had intrigued Wirth as a topic. With the emergence of programmable logic devices, the gap between the two fields narrowed. A project to familiarize a team with the new possibilities was established, and research in design methods using the new devices was started. It led to a set of design tools, including a specification language (Debora, B. Heeb), its compiler with several "back ends" for printed circuits boards, PLDs, and FPGAs. The usefulness of these tools was demonstrated by applying them in the construction of a workstation (Chamaeleon, also Ceres-3). The construction process starting from a textual specification and ending with a board layout and PLD programs was automated, and it required almost no manual intervention.
Wirth realized early, that FPGAs would be particularly useful as a field for experimentation in learning digital circuit design, replacing expensive, pluggable circuit modules by programmable cells. He equipped 25 Ceres-3 workstations in a student laboratory with an FPGA and uses them intensively in a digital design class. Along with a new project in tool design went the formulation of his language Lola, specifically tailored to the need of teaching in a systematic manner, dispensing with the myriads of side-issues inherent in commercial HDLs. The tool set consists of a compiler converting the program (circuit) text into an abstract data structure suitable for further processing, an editor for constructing circuits implemented by the FPGA, i.e. for generating a layout, and a checker comparing the specification in Lola with the layout.
Automatic Control of Model Helicopter
In 1995 Wirth joined a project undertaken at the Institute of Automatic Control and Measurement. The goal was the development of a system to allow a model helicopter to fly autonomously a preprogrammed path. Wirth designed an on-board computer system with a Strong-ARM processor at its core. Aside from the hardware, he also programmed various software tools, including an Oberon subset compiler with additional features for real-time programming. The computer board was built by I. Noack.
The resulting computer system, called Olga, made use of experience with programmable gate arrays, and used the novel Xilinx-Algotronix 6200 fine-grained FPGA for the generation and sensing of pulse-width modulated signals to control the servos. Furthermore, the computer was connected to a compass, a global positioning system (GPS), and a data link via several standard RS-232 interfaces. This system resulted in a drastic reduction of weight and power consumption, and an increase in computing performance compared to the one used before, in spite of the fact that floating-point arithmetic was to be programmed based on integer arithmetic.
The helicopter carrying Olga weighs about 15 kg and is powered by a 35ccm engine. Wirth pushed for a second project based on a downsized helicopter model with a weight of less than 5 kg and a conventional 10ccm engine. This was realized with a considerably smaller computer board, but the same Strong-ARM core and software base. The large FPGA was replaced by several small PLDs. This project, Horla, was confined to the more modest goal of using the computer only to stabilize the inherently unstable craft, while position, speed and direction would remain under remote control by the pilot.
Both projects collected in a remarkable way the various techniques and tools on which Wirth had worked during the past decade: Compiler, operating system, programmable devices (FPGA, PLD) and their design tools including the language Lola, and circuit design in general. Both projects were successful, although only after several years of effort – and patience.
Wirth became professor at ETH in 1968. In 1970, he and his colleague C.A. Zehnder presented a proposal for the introduction of a curriculum in computer science. A second attempt to establish the subject as an academic discipline failed again in 1974. A new Department was finally established in 1981, and Wirth became its head from 1982 to 1984, and again 1988-1990.
Meanwhile, the computer science courses continued to be directed primarily towards the students of mathematics and electrical engineering. Wirth had a strong influence on the contents of the introductory courses and gave form to many of the advanced courses. Several times his lecture material condensed into books which became translated into many languages: Systematic Programming (1972), Algorithms and Data Structures (1975), Compiler Construction (1976). Also his books Pascal – User Manual and Report (1974), Programming in Modula-2 (1982), Programming in Oberon (1992), and Project Oberon (1993) are widely read.
A Brief History of Modula and Lilith
In the years 1978-1980 the workstation Lilith was developed at ETH Zurich. It featured a microprogrammed processor, a high-resolution display, and a mouse. The entire software was programmed in Modula-2, a language derived from Pascal within the Lilith project. It featured the module with explicit interface specifications, and its implementation included the facility of separate compilation of modules with complete type checking.
In order that a sizeable, technical project be undertaken, two prerequisites must be established. There must be a manifest need for a solution of a relevant problem, and there must exist an idea leading towards a solution of the problem. Such conditions emerged during a sabbatical leave which the author had the good fortune to spend at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in 1977. The problem I am referring to was the need for a structured programming language for building large, complex systems, and the solution, or rather the feature needed, was a construct for expressing units of separately compiled system components, now known as modules.
I had become confronted with the language Mesa [1], developed at PARC, which contained such a construct. However, I felt that the rather baroque descendant of Pascal could be molded better in accordance with the spirit of Pascal by a new attempt, by defining a more frugal language [2, 3]. Its name Modula witnesses the dominance of the module concept in our concerns, a name which – perhaps unfortunately – was chosen in preference over Pascal++.
The need for a structured language with a module facility was less pronounced in the software community at large than in our immediate environment. An explanation of this requires some digression. The computing facilities available in 1977 were essentially large scale mainframes hosting sophisticated time-sharing systems, accessible only via terminals and remote satellites. The revolutionary concept of the powerful, personal workstation – the Alto computer developed at PARC – appeared to me like a revelation [4]. I was immediately convinced that there was no point in continuing development of software, except if based on and oriented towards this novel computing environment. However, such devices not being available on the market, there remained only one path to proceed, namely to design and build one on our own. Again, there was a recogized need and an idea of a solution. The project produced the workstation Lilith [5, 6].
There is no point in creating new hardware without new software. A basic operating system, utility programs, and first applications were to be developed concurrently, and therefore a programming language and its compiler were required as well. In fact, the primary incentive for designing Modula-2 was the need for a simple, allround language capable of expressing the whole range of programs needed to render Lilith into a powerful software development tool. The explicit goal was to use one and the same language for all Lilith software. Evidently, Modula and Lilith grew as a couple, and it would be futile to record the history of one without that of the other.
Although a preliminary document stating certain goals and concepts of the new language was written in 1977, the effective language design took place in 1978-79. Concurrently, a compiler implementation project was launched. The available machinery was a single DEC PDP-11 with a 64K byte store. The single-pass strategy of our Pascal compilers could not be adopted; a multipass approach was unavoidable in view of the small memory. It had actually been the Mesa implementation at PARC which had proved possible what I had believed to be impracticable, namely to build a complete compiler operating on a small computer. The first Modula compiler, written by K. van Le (1977), consisted of 7 passes, each generating sequential output (intermediate code) written onto the (2 MB) disk. This number was reduced in a second design by U. Ammann to 5 passes (1979). The first pass, the scanner, generated a token string and a hash table of identifiers. The second pass (parser) performed syntax analysis, and the third the task of type checking. Passes 4 and 5 were devoted to code generation. This compiler was operational in early 1979.
By this time the first prototype of Lilith, designed by R. Ohran and the author, was barely operational too. The primary design goal had been an architecture optimally tailored for interpreting M-code, the Modula compiler's equivalent of Pascal's P-code. It must be recalled that the era of unlimited memory lay still 10 years in the future. Hence, high code density was considered to be of paramount importance for complex system implementation on small workstations. Lilith was organized as a word-addressed 16-bit computer, M-code as a byte stream. Memory size was 2^16 words (128K bytes). The prototype was built with 4K x 1bit parts.
The best choice for obtaining high code density was to define a fairly large variety of instructions, some of them rather complex, and to build the hardware as a micro-code interpreter. Each M-code instruction consisted of one or several bytes. The first byte was the operation code according to which a sequence of microcode instructions was selected for interpretation. The advantages of this scheme were manifold:
1. The actual hardware could be reasonably simple and therefore fast. The clock frequency being about 7 MHz, a cycle time of 140ns resulted. ALU-functions were addition and logical operations.
2. Simple M-code instructions were implementable with very short sequences of two or three micro-instructions only, requiring an execution time of 280 or 420 ns.
3. More complex instructions, such as multiplication and division, could be implemented by longer sequences of micro-instructions without requiring additional hardware (19 instr. for multiplication, 36 for division).
4. The same operation could be represented with different address or value parameter lengths of 1, 2, or 4 bytes, again without complicating hardware.
Two factors contributed primarily to the achieved high code density, which turned out to be superior to commercial processors by the remarkable factor of 2.5 (M68000) to 3.5 (I8086).
1. The use of several address and operand lengths of 4, 8, 16, and 32 bits. It turned out that more than 70% of all instruction parameters had values between 0 and 15, in which case the operand was packed together with the operation code in a single byte.
2. Lilith was equipped with a stack for intermediate results occuring in the evaluation of expressions. This stack was implemented as a 16-word, fast SRAM. M-code therefore contained no register numbers, as they were implied by the stack scheme.
The most visible innovation brought about by the personal workstation was the high-resolution, bit-mapped display, dramatically contrasting with the then customary displays with 24 lines of 80 characters. Together with the Mouse, it opened a new era of interactive man-machine interfaces based on windows and cursors, scroll bars and title bars, pop-menus and icons. The bit-mapped display with its data stored in main memory required special facilities to generate the video signal with sufficiently high bandwidth. Lilith featured a display of 768 x 592 pixels, which was improved in later versions to the vertical format with 704 x 928 pixels; 50 interlaced half frames required a bandwidth of almost 30 MHz.
The micro-code scheme proved to be most convenient for implementing a small set of raster operations for drawing lines, drawing characters, copying and replicating pixel-blocks. These operations were directly represented as single M-code instructions. The corresponding micro-code routines performed raster operations with spectacular efficiency. As far as the hardware was concerned, the only raster-op specific facility was a barrel shifter allowing an arbitray shift amount in a single micro-cycle. No commercial microprocessor offered a comparable facility.
In the meantime, a new Modula compiler was designed by L. Geissmann and Ch. Jacobi with the PDP-11 compiler as a guide, but taking advantage of the features of Lilith. It consisted of four passes, code generation being simplified by the new architecture. Development took place on the PDP-11, followed by transporting it to Lilith. In the same manner, parts of the operating system Medos was implemented by S. Knudsen – a system essentially following in the footsteps of batch systems with program load and execute commands entered from the keyboard. Concurrently, display and window software was designed by Ch. Jacobi. It served as the basis of the first application programs, such as a text editor – mostly used for program editing – featuring the well-known techniques of a cursor/mouse interface and pop-up menus.
Modula-2 was now in daily use and quickly proved its worth as a powerful, efficiently implemented language. In December 1980, the first pilot series of 20 Liliths, manufactured in Utah under the supervision of R. Ohran, were delivered to ETH Zurich. Further software development proceeded with a more than a 20-fold hardware power at our disposal. A genuine personal workstation environment had successfully been established.
From the preceding account it should become clear under which conditions Modula came into existence. It is evident that our primary concern was not a language satisfying all wishes of all programmers, but the creation of a sufficiently powerful tool for implementing an entire software system in a short time with the limited manpower at hand. Modula-2 was, so to speak, a subordinate goal, a means to an end.
Modules and separate compilation
The decision to move from Pascal to a successor was primarily due to the high importance attributed to a clean formulation of the module concept and its implementation as a facility for separate compilation. Therefore, the solution adopted in several commercial extensions of Pascal, namely the merging of units in source form, was rejected. The notion of modules with explicit lists of imported and exported identifiers was adopted from Mesa. Also the symbol file as precompiled information about a module's exported objects, stemmed from Mesa. The module concept gave rise to a new view of Lilith's operating system: the traditional division into system and application programs was replaced by a single hierarchy of modules which could be expanded or shrunk as momentary needs dictated.
Modula's idea of a module was that of a syntactic unit encapsulated by a wall through which identifiers are invisible except if listed in the export or import list. Since syntactic constructs are usually defined recursively, modules are nestable with obvious consequences for identifier visibility. The inner, or local module turned out to be of limited usefulness in practice and was rarely used. Considering that implementations must handle global and local modules differently – the global ones are separately compilable – local modules should probably not have been introduced in the first place. Import lists could assume one of two forms. The simpler form consists of a list of module identifiers:
IMPORT M0, M1;
An object x exported from module M1, for example, is then referenced in a client of M1 by the qualified identifier M1.x. The second form of import list seeks to abbreviate program texts, letting the qualification be omitted by specifying the source of an identifier directly:
FROM M1 IMPORT x, y, z;
Like most abbreviations, its value is rather questionable. Not only does the compiler become more complicated, but certain negative side-effects are unavoidable: identifier clashes. If two modules export an object with the same name, a clash occurs if they are imported in the second form, even if the identifier in question was not used.
On the other hand, critics of Modula expressed the opinion that our concept was too simple and restrictive. Their view of the module interface – i.e. of Modula's definition part – was that of a selection of the module's set of objects. Modula allowed to define a single selection only, whereas a multitude of different selections for different clients might be useful. This facility was implemented for the language Cedar [7]. It gives rise to further extensions and complications. An obvious desire is to derive unions and intersections of selections.
A further point perhaps worth mentioning in this connection is the handling of exported enumeration types. The desire to avoid long export lists led to the (exceptional) rule that the export of an enumeration type identifier implies the export of all constant identifiers of that type. As nice as this may sound for the abbreviation enthusiast, it also has negative consequences, again in the form of identifier clashes. This occurs if two enumeration types are imported which happen to have at least one common constant identifier.
Furthermore, identifiers may now appear that are neither locally declared, nor qualified by a module name, nor visible in an import list; an entirely unexpected situation in a structured language.
Static type checking
Modula-2's design followed uncompromisingly the rule – the dogma even – of strictly static typing, thereby empowering a compiler to perform all type consistency checks and avoiding any of them to be delayed until run-time.
In this respect, Pascal contained a few mistakes that had to be mended. One of them was the incompleteness of parameter specifications adopted from Algol 60 as exemplified by the following declarations:
PROCEDURE P(x, y: INTEGER); BEGIN … END ;
PROCEDURE Q(p: PROCEDURE);
VAR a, b: REAL;
BEGIN … p(a + b) … END ;
… Q(P) …
Here, the call P(a+b) does not comply with the parameter specifications of P, but this fact cannot be discovered by a static text analysis. Modula mended this deficiency by requiring complete parameter specifications:
PROCEDURE Q(p: PROCEDURE (REAL, REAL));
Pascal permitted the use of integer as well as real operands in expressions (mixed expressions), postulating automatic conversion of number representation wherever necessary. The presence of a large number of basic types complicates the generation of code considerably, and hence it was decided that no automatic conversion would be generated. This, in turn, required that the language rules must prohibit mixed expressions. This decision is indeed questionable, but perhaps understandable in view of our own immediate needs, which were very modest in the realm of arithmetic.
The type CARDINAL
How, then, can the introduction of type CARDINAL be explained, of natural numbers as a further basic data type? The need arose from the necessity to represent addresses as a numeric type. Lilith being a 16-bit machine with a store of 2^16 words, a useless sign bit could not be afforded. As unproblematic as this new type at first appeared, it gave rise to several problems. How, for example, is a comparison i < c to be implemented efficiently?
The question is simply avoided, if mixed expressions are prohibited. Two distinct sets of instructions are required for integer (signed) and cardinal (unsigned) arithmetic. Even if the same instruction can be used for addition, there exists a difference in the definition of overflow. The situation is even more problematic for division. In mathematics, the quotient q = x DIV y and the remainder r = x MOD y are defined by the relationships
x = q*y + r, 0 <= r < y
Integer division, in contrast to real division, is asymmetric with respect to 0. For example
10 DIV 3 = 3 10 MOD 3 = 1
-10 DIV 3 = -4 -10 MOD 3 = 2
Most computers, however, offer instructions that are wrong with respect to the established definition. They treat integer division like real division with symmetry respective to 0:
(-x) DIV y = -(x DIV y)
(-x) MOD y = -(x MOD y)
If integer division is implemented correctly, divisions by powers of 2 can be made more efficient by simple shifts. In the case of wrong division instructions, this is not possible:
x * 2^n = left(x, n) x DIV 2^n = right(x, n)
The following processors, among others, perform integer division contrary to its mathematical definition: Motorola M680x0, Intel 80×86, Intel 80960, DEC VAX, IBM Power. Even worse, the language Ada institutionalizes this mistake by declaring it as standard.
We decided to adopt the wrong arithmetic in order to stay consistent with the mistakes others were demanding. In hindsight this was, of course, a grave mistake. The compiler uses shift instructions for multiplying and dividing by powers of 2 in the case of expressions of type CARDINAL only.
In summary, then, the type CARDINAL was justified by practical needs for 16-bit address handling. From the point of view of mathematicians (who have invented negative numbers for the sake of algebraic completeness), however, it must be called a step backwards, as it introduced difficulties for the programmer that did not exist beforehand. Consider, for example, the following statements performing an operation Q for x = N-1, … , 1, 0:
x := N-1;
WHILE x >= 0 DO Q; x := x-1 END
If x is of type INTEGER, the program is correct; but if it is of type CARDINAL, it leads to an underflow which is avoided by the correct, alternative formulation
x := N;
WHILE x > 0 DO x := x-1; Q END
The advent of the 32-bit computer some 6 years later provided the welcome opportunity to forget the type CARDINAL. The episode shows how inadequacies in hardware may force the language implementor to accept complications and compromises, if he wishes to fully exploit the available facilities. The lesson is, that a memory size of 2n requires arithmetic with (at least) n+1 bit integers.
Procedure types
An uncontroversial, fairly straight-forward, and most essential innovation was the procedure type, also adopted from Mesa. In a restricted form it had been present also in Pascal, namely in the form of parametric procedures. Hence, the concept needed only to be generalized, i.e. made applicable to parameters and variables. Although the facility was sparingly used in Lilith software – with the exception of later editors and some instances in the operating system – it is nothing less than the basis for object-oriented programming, with record (object) fields having procedures as "values". Nevertheless, Modula-2 cannot be claimed to support object-oriented programming.
The single facility missing is one for building new data types based on others, i.e. of types that are (upward) compatible with existing types, or – in object-oriented terminology – that inherit properties from existing types. This essential facility was introduced in Modula's successor Oberon [8, 9], where it was appropriately called type extension [10].
Although Modula does not support object-oriented programming, it at least makes it possible through the use of the type ADDRESS and the rule that an address value may be assigned to any pointer variable. This implies of course that type checking be overruled, a sacrifice of security that weighs heavily. The "trick" lies in providing every record type that is to be extensible with an additional field of type ADDRESS. Record extensions then require a second block of storage, separately allocated, whose pointer is assigned to that field. Needless to say, the additional indirection in accessing fields of the extension, as well as the cumbersome formulation for breaching the type system, are unsatisfactory. Oberon's neatly integrated concept of type extensions solves these problems admirably well; its price is a run-time check of type consistency in those cases where it is inherently unavoidable.
Low-level facilities
Facilities that make it possible to express situations which do not properly fit into the set of abstractions constituting the language are called low-level facilities. In a way, their presence is a symptom of the incompleteness of the set of provided abstractions. Given our task of building an entire operating system for Lilith, however, at the time they were unavoidable. I nevertheless believe that they were introduced too light-heartedly, in the naive belief that programmers would use them only as a last resort.
In particular, the concept of type transfer function was a major mistake. It allows the type identifier to be used in expressions as function identifier: The value of T(x) is equal to x, whereby x is interpreted as being of type T. This interpretation inherently depends on the underlying (binary) representation of the type of x and of T. Therefore, every program making use of this facility is inherently implementation-dependent, a clear contradiction of the fundamental goal of high-level languages, i.e. of abstraction. The situation is particularly deplorable, because no hint is given of such dependence in a module's heading.
Into the same category of easily misused features belongs the variant record. The real stumbling block is the variant without tag field. The tag field's value is supposed to indicate the structure currently assumed by the record. If a tag is missing, no possibility exists for checking (or determining) the current variant. It is exactly this lack which can be misused to access record fields with "wrong" types:
VAR x: RECORD
CASE : INTEGER OF
0: a: INTEGER
1: b: CARDINAL
2: c: BITSET
From the assignment x.a := -16 follow the equalities x.b = 65520 and x.c = {4 .. 15}. Or might the latter be x.c = {0 .. 11} ? Needless to say, such programs are ill-defined, hard to understand, and they defy the concept of abstraction and portability.
After 1982, Modula-2 aroused interest in several industrial organizations. The first commercial compiler was built by Logitech S.A., and others followed [11]. IBM produced a compiler and programmed its AS-400 operating system in Modula, and DEC's Systems Research Center adopted Modula-2 for its internal projects, at the same time extending the language into Modula-2+ [12]. Its creators found Modula-2 lacking in three areas: Concurrency, storage management, and exception handling.
A project to investigate techniques and problems in multiprogramming had been undertaken at our Institute during the years 1974-76. It led to a small, experimental language implemented on the PDP-11 computer [13]. Its basis for multiprogramming were monitors and conditions (here called signals) as proposed by C.A.R. Hoare [14]. Monitors were generalized into modules; the concept of encapsulation was thereby disconnected from that of mutual exclusion. Interrupt handling was integrated into process scheduling in the sense that process switches could be triggered either by programmed signal operations (send, wait) or by interrupts. These were considered as external signals, thereby conceptually unifying declared signals and interrupts.
The project led to the conclusion that there existed no clearly preferrable set of basic constructs for expressing concurrent processes and their cooperation, but that processes and threads, signals and semaphores, monitors and critical regions all have their advantages and disadvantages, depending on particular applications. Hence, it was decided that only the very basic notion of coroutines would be included in Modula-2, and that higher abstractions should be programmed as modules based on coroutines. This decision was even more plausible, because the demands of the Lilith software as a single-user operating system were easily met without sophisticated facilities for multiprogramming, which therefore did not merit attention with high priority. However, the belief that coroutines would also be a suitable basis for genuine multiprocessor implementations was mistaken, as was pointed out by the Modula-2+ authors.
We have also abandoned the belief that interrupt handling should be treated by the same mechanism as programmed process switching. Interrupts are typically subject to specific real-time conditions. Real-time response is impaired beyond acceptable limits, if interrupts are handled by very general, complicated switching and scheduling routines.
Storage management and garbage collection
Modula-2, like Pascal, features pointers and thereby implies dynamic storage allocation. Allocation of a variable x^ is expressed by the intrinsic procedure NEW(x), typically implemented by a system call.
The premise underlying Modula-2 implementation was that programs would handle pools of dynamically allocated variables, one for each (record) type. Such individually programmed handlers could be tuned optimally to the specific conditions of an application, thus guaranteeing the most effective use of storage. This was of great importance at the time, considering the small storage size of computers and the absence of centralized storage management. Today's very much larger memories render this strategy obsolete and make a flexible, centralized storage management indispensible.
Were it not for the unfortunate and abundant features for breaching the type system, Modula-2 would still satisfy the needs imposed by centralized management, i.e. allow operation on the basis of global garbage collection. A garbage collector must, however, be able to rely on uncorruptible type information at run-time. Type breaching must be impossible. In a way, Modula-2 was too "powerful". This reminds us of the old wisdom that the power of a language is not only determined by what it allows to express, but equally much by what it prohibits to express.
By handling an exception we generally understand the transfer of control to an implicitly designated statement sequence upon the rare occurrence of a certain condition. What distinguishes, then, "exception handling" from conventional if-statements, except the rarity of the condition? Three items come to mind:
The statement sequence (exception handler) resides in a module different from where the exception is detected (raised).
Several entered procedures need to be terminated exceptionally (aborted). Separating the program text for handling the rare condition from the program specifying the "regular" behaviour is supposed to improve program clarity. Only the second item calls for a facility that is not expressible by conventional constructs. The question then is: Does such a new facility correspond to an important abstraction that truly clarifies programs, or is it merely a convenient abbreviation for frequently occurring situations? And: Is an implementation possible that does not impair efficiency?
The first question can never be answered conclusively. It dependes not only on personal preferences and programming style, but also on the applications considered. A proposal for inclusion of an exception handling construct was already contained in a first draft of Modula-2, but dropped later, because a need for it was not convincingly established. The development of entire operating systems [15] at least showed that the omission of exception handling was not entirely mistaken. The emergence of systems with languages where exception handling was available and – as a consequence – heavily used and frequently even misused, suggests that the decision was even right.
Nevertheless, I am aware that other people – no less experienced in system construction – do not share this view. One fact, however, is undisputed: a feature can always be added to, but never removed from a language. It is therefore recommended to start out with features of established indispensability only.
During 1984, the author designed a new compiler for Modula-2. I felt that many parts of compilation could be handled more simply and more efficiently, if use were made of the now available larger store (which, by today's measures, was still very small). Lilith's 64K word memory and its high code density allowed the realization of a single-pass compiler. This implied a dramatic reduction of disk operations, which happen to contribute the largest part to compilation time. Indeed, compilation time of the compiler itself was reduced from some 4 minutes to a scant 45 seconds.
The new compiler retained, however, the partitioning of tasks. Instead of each task constituting a pass – with sequential input from and output to disk – it constituted a module with a mostly procedural interface. Common data structures, such as the symbol table, were defined in a data definition module imported by (almost) all other modules. These modules represented a scanner, a parser, a code generator, and a handler of symbol files.
When a new compiler is developed, the temptation to include some changes in the language is seldom resisted. Also in the present case, some clarifications and changes were postulated and incorporated in a revised language definition. The only significant change, however, concerned definition modules (or rather: the definition part of a module). The change postulated that all identifiers declared in a definition part were exported, and this made export lists superfluous.
On the side of the operating system a significant step forward was the implementation of a network. We adopted the experimental Ethernet technology from PARC, a bus topology with a 3 MHz bandwidth and Manchester encoding, yielding a transmission rate of 3 Mbits/s. Both hardware interfaces and the software were developed by J. Hoppe. The services were dominated by file transfer, and therefore the network was connected with the file system at a low level, such that access to both remote and local files was distinguished by a file-name prefix only.
The presence of a network connecting all workstations called for servers, i.e. for "impersonal workstations". The first server that went into operation in 1982 was a print server connected to a laser printer (Canon LBP-10). Due to the flexibility and power of Lilith, a regular workstation could be used for generating the bitmap and for driving the printer. The hardware interface consisted merely of a direct memory access channel (DMA), effectively similar to a display driver, but suitably adapted to accept synchronization signals from the printer. Since memory was too small to hold an entire page (about 1 Mbit), bitmap generation and data transfer to the printer video had to proceed concurrently. It fortunately turned out that Lilith was sufficiently powerful to allow bitmap generation on-the-fly. Thereby Lilith became the first computer in Europe to make full use of laser printing capabilities, printing texts with various fonts and styles, and graphics ranging from scanned pictures to circuit schematics.
The second server, operational in 1983, was a file server using, in contrast to regular workstations, not only a 10 MByte cartridge disk, but a high-volume (500 MByte) Winchester drive (Fujitsu Eagle), which constituted leading edge-technology at the time. The large size required a different organization of the file system. Also, the concept of stable storage was implemented. This research was performed by F. Ostler.
A sizable effort extending over the years 1981-1985 went into the development of applications. In the forefront were document editors making use of all the novel facilities put at our disposal by Lilith, from bitmapped display and mouse to network and laser printer. The first attempt by J. Gutknecht and W. Winiger led to the editor Andra [16]. It employed the piece list technique for representing the edited text, pioneered by B. Lampson at PARC, as well as windows and pop-up menus for its user interface. It allowed the use of multiple fonts and various formatting modes, and it considered a document as being hierarchically structured. The follow-up project by J. Gutknecht and H. Schar led to the editor Lara [17] which became the chief application program for Lilith users for many years.
Other significant applications were a set of tools for interactive font design, implemented by E. Kohen, and a line drwing graphics editor, developed by the author. The common characteristic of all these tools was that they went into immediate use by our own team, thus providing feedback not only about their own appropriateness, but also on the adequacy of Modula and the entire system.
Lilith and Modula-2 were the backbone tools for education in programming at the Computer Science Department of ETH. About 60 Liliths were in use by 1982, offering a modern environment for programming and for document preparation about five years before similar tools were available commercially. The Lilith computers were decommissioned in 1990; they had been in daily use for 10 years.
1. Mesa Language Manual. Oct. 1976, Xerox PARC.
2. N. Wirth. Programming in Modula-2. Springer-Verlag, 1982.
3. J. Gutknecht. Tutorial on Modula-2. BYTE, Aug. 1984, 157-176.
4. C. P. Thacker, et al. Alto: A Personal Computer. CSL-79-11. Xerox PARC.
5. N. Wirth. Lilith: A Personal Computer for the Software Engineer. Proc. 5th Int'l Conf. on Software Engineering. San Diego, 1981. IEEE 81CH1627-9.
6. R. Ohran. Lilith and Modula-2. BYTE, Aug. 1984, 181-192.
7. W. Teitelman. A Tour through Cedar. IEEE Software, 1, 2 (April 1984) 44-73.
8. N. Wirth. The Programming Language Oberon. Software – Practice and Experience, 18, 7 (July 1988), 671-690.
9. M. Reiser and N. Wirth. Programming in Oberon. Addison-Wesley, 1992.
10. N. Wirth. Type Extension. ACM TOPLAS, 10, 2 (April 1988), 204-214.
11. P.H. Hartel and D. Starreveld. Modula-2 Implementation Overview. J. of Pascal, Ada, and Modula-2. July/Aug. 1985, 9-23.
12. P. Rovner. Extending Modula-2 to Build Large, Integrated Systems. IEEE Software, Nov. 1986, 46-57.
13. N. Wirth. Modula: A Language for Modular Multiprogramming. Software – Practice and Experience, 7 (1977), 3-35.
14. C.A.R. Hoare. Monitors: An Operating Systems Structuring Concept. Comm. ACM, 17, 10 (Oct. 1974), 549-557.
15. N. Wirth and J. Gutknecht. Project Oberon. Addison-Wesley, 1992.
16. J. Gutknecht, W. Winiger. Andra: The Document Preparation System of the Personal Workstation Lilith. Software- Practice & Experience, 14, (1984), 73-100.
17. J. Gutknecht. Concepts of the Text Editor Lara. Comm. ACM, 28, 9 (Sept. 1985), 942-960.
Emulith is a functional emulation of the ETH Lilith Modula2 Medos computer. Its is programmed by Jos Dreesen, owner of one of the few remaining operational Lilith's.
The Lilith emulator Emulith is a functional equivalent of the actual Lilith hardware, uses unchanged microcode and disk images of the real machine and gives a reasonable good idea of what the real Lilith looks like. High resolution display, cartridge disk, mouse and keyboard are all part of the emulation. Not covered (yet ?) are RS232, Ethernet and printer interface.
The following hardware and software is needed to run Emulith :
A reasonable fast PC ( > 1 GHz) running Linux. Ubuntu is fine, even the Live cD.
Minimal screen resolution of 1280×1024 ( The Lilith itself has a 704×928 resolution).
Some willingness to read documentation : the Lilith is a 25 year old system and its
usage is not comparable with current operating systems.
A Lilith manual is part of the documentation.
The performance of Emulith on a 1 GHz machine is comparable with the real hardware, which used a 7 Mhz main clock. Any operation involving the disk is considerably faster on the emulator.
Download the emulator (check for new versions!) at the Emulith ftp. or from the local copy, see below. It runs fine on Windows XP to 10 32 and 64 bit, Linux, MacOS.
Here a local copy of the ftp Lilith repository from Jos Dreeesen.
disks.tar.gz
Emulith Manual
emulith_v13.dmg.zip
emulith_v13 Windows installable/a>
Emulith_v13.tgz
ETH_Disks.zip
medos.zip
medos_txt.zip
Lilith Handbook Aug 82
Lilith hardware manual description of the Lilith machine
Lilith install
Lilith mcode interpreter
Lilith microcode bitslice microcode listing
Lilith schematics in Eagle format
Lilith schematics and netlists
Wirth on the Personal Computer Lilith, ETH 1981
Radio Computer Bulletin april 1982 Article on Lilith
D100,D120,D140 : Honeywell-Bull Mididisk documentation
D100_Mididisk controller
D120 product manual
D120 product spec
wd1001.pdf
Western digital MFM controller
DPU monitor
Hardware test2 list
Hardwaretest list
Panel_list.pdf
Machinecode listings for a 6802 based Lilith debugging tool, the DPU monitor.
Submon list
eth7346 Medos2 1983
ETH7646 Lilith a Workstation Computer For Modula2 1984
All *list.pdf files are machinecode listings for a 6802 based Lilith debugging tool, the DPU monitor. They are not used in normal operation of the Lilith.
Release notes 19-03-2012
7-12-2008 – first release ( V1.00). 50 downloads and counting…
9-12-2008 – Mac OS-X binary (intel/universal) added. ( courtesy of Ingo Pascke)
– corrected diskimage added. Solves modula-2 compiler problems.
dsk_8_ok.img replaces dsk_8.img.
=====================================================================================
13-12-2008 – Source code for V1.10 ready :
Added OS-X #ifdefs, should now compile for OS-X without changes.
Removed registerdisplay, added speed display.
Landscape / Portrait mode switch.
Setup Switches block for landscape mode added.
Black on White / White on Black switch added.
Main display border can be suppressed
Parameters stored in .ini file
Manual still to be updated ….
21-02-2009 – Release 1.20
Port to FLTK.
Native windows version
Menu based GUI
updated manual
big/small gui selection
Filetransfer to / from hostsystem
Partial FD6502 support ( use with "applecopy")
Medos V4 now boots
Help text added.
8-3-2009 – Added Mac OS-X package ( intel only).
– Download emulith_v12.dmg.zip.
– unzip and mount .dmg file.
– Move the emulith directory to /Applications
– Start emulith.
The location of the binary MUST be /Applications/emulith
Manual is still to be updated.
7-4-2009 – 15 disk images put online ( ETH_Disks.zip )
24-5-2010 – Version 1.21
– memfilexfer now works ( copies files across disks )
– minor tweaks to get rid of some compile warnings.
Updated Makefile to define fl_ask_h, so avoiding the associated problems.
To do : – update windows & Mac builds
– get the mouse action to behave itself
– Make an overview of all available disk and the software thereon.
1-03-2012 – Read all 38 HB120 disks of Museum for Kommunikation Berne.
Compilable source code for modula 2 V19, Medos 4 and many applications found.
– Generated some videos of some Emulith sessions.
18-03-2012 – Version 1.30. Basic CPU emulation still unchanged.
– memfilexfer now really really works ( copies files across disks )
– Directory for virtual floppy can be selected. This enables working with more that one virtual floppy.
– Minor fixes here and there.
– Disk image location now flexible.
– Mouse somewhat improved, basic problem ( no events when host mouse outside window) seems unsolvable.
– Video output possible ( with some manual work, and only tried on Ubuntu though…)
– "startup.cmd" will be read on startup to provide initial keyboard input.
– Some videos generated from the emulator output.
– Microcode release 14 made. This will interface the Lilith to an ATA disk at IO group 4.
All existing software should run without change.
This should greatly ease a future FPGA reimplementation.
To do : convert real Lilith to ATA disk, sort MfK disks, prepare and test software packs
19-03-2012 – Fixed keyboard input issue on OS-X.
OS-X performance issues need a long term approach..
Compilable Medos source code in medos.zip ( but .MOD not usable/readable in modern systems )
Non-Compilable Medos source code in medos_txt.zip ( but .MOD readable in modern systems )
Niklaus Wirth is a gifted writer. His easy to read style and the simplicity that must have taken so much effort to achieve makes his books jewels in the often so obscure computer science world.
A list of his publications is at his homepage. The books listed below are the full books in PDF format
Pascal User_Manual and Report Second Edition
Pascal User_Manual and Report Fourth Edition ISO standard
Algorithms+ Data Structures = Programs, 1976
Algorithms+ Data Structures = Programs, 1976,
Chapter 5: PL/0 Compiler
Algorithms+ Data Structures = Programs, 2004, Oberon version
Compiler Bau, 1986, German
Compiler Bouw 1986, Dutch
Compiler construction 1996
Compiler Construction, 2005 (PDF), (TXT)
CompilerConstruction 2014 part 1, part 2
Modula-2 Handbook
Programming in Oberon 1992
Programming in Oberon, 2004
Project Oberon, 2005
Project Oberon, Chapter 1-9, 2013
Project Oberon, Chapter 10-15, 2013
Project Oberon, Chapter 16, 2013
RISC Architecture, 2014
RISC5 Architecture Update, 2018
How to use the Oberon System, 2015
The School of Niklaus Wirth
Besides these books scanned in PDF format, the next books are also on my shelf: | {
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The purpose of this research is to examine the variation in critic and audience reviews of films and determine the cause of this variation. When reviewing a film, the ratings of critics and audience members often differ, regardless of whether they are positive or negative. This difference may arise from the unique role critics possess in this market as agents and the incentives they face. As agents of the film industry, critics have expert knowledge concerning films that audience members do not possess and therefore, they review films with a different evaluative framework than audience members. Critics may look at a film's composition or cinematography for their review, while an audience member may simply consider their own enjoyment. The hypothesis of this paper is that critics view media with different objectives than audience members and as such, their reviews may be focused on criteria other than the public's focus. This hypothesis will be tested through the use of a regression of related explanatory variables. The importance of this issue lies more in how it applies to other markets. Similar impacts have been studied in markets ranging from real estate to auto repair to medicine. This research will lead to a better understanding of the economic impact of different information processing and use by experts and non-experts. | {
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If your family is faced with the problem of raising a child and the help of a child psychologist is required, keep this in mind. It is you, the parents, who need to take an active part in the life of the child and in every possible way support him in a difficult moment. Therefore, it is advisable to communicate with the child more often, walk with him, arrange holidays for him, and especially play together, even if it is difficult for you to set aside time for this. The game is not just entertainment, but a way to explore the world, try on different situations and develop your own view of the world around you. You need to be involved in this process.
What does a child psychologist ask for advice?
The interaction of a child psychologist in consultation with parents usually begins with an introductory conversation and a discussion of the problem with which they addressed. Personal data about the child and basic information about the family at this stage is very important, so try to give complete and honest answers. You will be asked about the date of birth of the child, the features of pregnancy and childbirth, about the living and parenting conditions. It often seems that such questions have nothing to do with the problem, but in psychology there are situations when even the most insignificant details have a strong influence on the child.
How do parents interact with a psychologist in the process of working with a child?
When parents come to a consultation with a child psychologist, they usually fill out a questionnaire. Her questions relate to childbirth and child development, relationships in the family, at school (kindergarten), etc. At a first meeting, the child psychologist finds out the request of the parents and / or child, diagnoses using testing or games, and provides the results to the parents. Next, a child psychologist tells you how many meetings you need to achieve a result. If the parents agree to work and perform certain household tasks, the child psychologist begins to work with the child according to the following scheme: three meetings with the child and the fourth with the parents (parent). It is needed so that both a child psychologist and parents can sum up the interim result. During this time, parents already have a number of additional questions that need to be discussed with a psychologist and outline a further way to work. | {
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Aulacidea freesei is een vliesvleugelig insect uit de familie van de echte galwespen (Cynipidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1994 door Nieves-Aldrey.
Echte galwespen | {
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Miami-based NFC specialist Flomio has turned to crowdfunding to finance production of a plug-in device that will bring NFC to Apple's iPhone and iPad. The 'Flojack' is a lollipop-shaped NFC transceiver that plugs into an iOS device's headphone jack. The first Flojacks will ship in March 2013 if US$80,000 is raised on Kickstarter by 26 November. | {
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OIDEI searches for Dialogue Facilitator
RB Smith
Over the summer, the Office of Institutional Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (OIDEI) posted an opening for the newly created position of Dialogue Facilitator. According to the College's website, the position calls for "a visionary leader to grow and manage restorative practices and support mediation efforts in our community." While the position has yet to be filled, OIDEI is currently reviewing applications and hopes to make a hire as soon as possible.
Discussion of the position began more than a year ago. "Over the years, there's been an increase in the demand for support in conversation and communication, and we have engaged in robust efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and facilitated conversations," Toya Camacho, assistant vice president for diversity, equity and inclusion, Title IX coordinator and ADA coordinator, said. "We recognize that it can be beneficial to have constituents on campus versed in restorative practices so that when challenging communication occurs, we appropriately address it and support those involved."
The selection decision will be made by a search committee headed by Camacho, with student, faculty and staff representation. The committee will first invite candidates to campus, then solicit feedback from community members to inform its final decision. "We hope the individual will help integrate restorative practices and effective communication models on campus to help improve conversation, collaboration and interconnection by providing individuals with tools to resolve conflict, solve problems and communicate more effectively with others," Camacho said. "This will help make Williams the best possible place for everyone to live, learn and thrive."
The College's website cites experience with restorative practices and conflict mediation as important qualifications for the new position. It also specifies that the candidate should have at least five years of relevant experience and preferably a master's degree. "The College is committed to supporting the work of institutional diversity, equity and inclusion and adapting to meet the growing and evolving needs of our campus," Camacho said. "This new position will add to our efforts to become a campus where diversity, equity and inclusion are infused in all facets of the college community."
Although Camacho was unsure of when the position would be filled, she expressed excitement for the new hire to join the OIDEI team and bring fresh ideas to the office's multitude of programs and initiatives. "We hope to have someone on board as soon as possible and aim to do so once the search process is complete," she said.
This semester in Williams history
One in Two Thousand: Ryan Savarie '23
Williams Undergraduate Research Journal aims to share interdisciplinary work
For Devon Parfait '22, future chief of Louisiana Native American tribe, geosciences is personal
In virtual format, annual 'Rein-Pet' Parade marches on
Spotlight on Research: Anjuli Raza Kolb examines history of calling Islamism a 'virus,' 'contagion'
Ephs share stories from staffing campaigns in battleground states
Packing up and saying goodbye: A dorm-room photo series
This Week in Williams History: Malaria drugs, 'manly toiletries' and Ralph Nader
Intent to enroll: How six students are making their decision for the spring | {
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Government supports access to free menstrual products for students, people in need
Burnaby: Under a ministerial order that was issued Friday, April 5, 2019, all B.C. public schools will be required to provide free menstrual products for students in school washrooms by the end of 2019.
In issuing the order, Education Minister Rob Fleming said it's time to normalize and equalize access to menstrual products in schools, helping to create a better learning environment for students.
"Students should never have to miss school, extracurricular, sports or social activities because they can't afford or don't have access to menstrual products," said Fleming, adding that current research indicates that one in seven students has missed school due to their periods because they cannot afford products.
"This is a common-sense step forward that is, frankly, long overdue. We look forward to working with school districts and communities to make sure students get the access they need with no stigma and no barriers."
The ministerial order – which takes effect immediately but allows districts until the end of 2019 to comply – comes with $300,000 in provincial startup funding. Over the coming months, the ministry will continue to work with school districts, community and education partners to look at the needs of each district, identify gaps and ensure they have the funding needed to meet this new requirement.
In addition, government is also providing a one-time grant of $95,000 to support the United Way Period Promise Research Project, to fund menstrual products for up to 10 non-profit agencies and research into how best to provide services and products for people who menstruate.
"The cost and availability of menstrual products is a real concern for those who are poor and often face the choice of purchasing those products or buying other essentials, like food," said Shane Simpson, Minister of Social Development and Poverty Reduction. "I encourage other organizations to join our government in supporting the Period Promise campaign, to help end the stigma that causes social isolation, and begin to address that larger issue around affordability."
"Having your period is a part of life, and easy and affordable access to menstrual products should be simple," said Mitzi Dean, Parliamentary Secretary for Gender Equity. "Menstrual products should be available to people when and where they need them, which is why we're improving access in schools and in communities. These actions are going to make a big difference in the lives of people who menstruate, and I'm proud that our government is taking leadership on this issue."
The United Way funding builds on the work government is doing to reduce poverty in British Columbia. In March 2019, the B.C. government released TogetherBC, the Province's first Poverty Reduction Strategy. TogetherBC brings together investments from across government that will help reduce overall poverty in the province by 25%, and cut child poverty in half, over the next five years.
Glen Hansman, president, B.C. Teachers' Federation said: "By ensuring school districts make menstrual products free and accessible to all students who need them, the government is taking an important action towards improving equity in our schools. There are many reasons why students need access to menstrual products at school. Many of our members can share stories of students who have felt shame or embarrassment, or have even gone home, because they did not have access to a tampon or pad or could not afford one. Today's announcement will also help deal with what the United Way's Period Promise campaign calls 'period poverty.' I want to thank the Minister of Education and this government, as well as those working on the United Way campaign, for making this announcement today."
Mark Gifford, chair, New Westminster Schools Board of Education said: "Our board is proud to have led the way in breaking down barriers and ensuring access to free menstrual products in all of our schools. It's a basic gender-equity issue and our work helps ensure female and transgender students can manage normal bodily functions without stigma, cost, or disruptions to their learning. We are thrilled with the minister's announcement today and applaud such swift action in support of advancing a fundamental right of access across the province."
Andrea Sinclair, president, B.C. Confederation of Parent Advisory Councils said: "This is a long-standing 'hidden and unspoken' problem for students who need menstrual products. There continues to be stigma surrounding this, which causes unnecessary anxiety and reduced confidence for students, including reduced attendance. We need to remove the barriers to access, eliminate the stigma and normalize the conversation for student well-being. We are encouraged by this action and fully support it. Today's announcement is another example of the ministry listening and acting for the best interest of students."
Michael McKnight, president and CEO, United Way of the Lower Mainland said: "The inspiring support United Way's Period Promise campaign has received demonstrates the impact we create when we mobilize to address issues in our own neighbourhoods. I want to thank the Government of B.C. for its commitment to tackling period poverty, and thank the passionate individuals tackling vulnerability and isolation in all its forms, in our local communities."
Sussanne Skidmore, secretary-treasurer, BC Federation of Labour, volunteer co-chair of United Way's Period Promise campaign said: "The community and government response to the issue of period poverty has been incredible. The hundreds of thousands of donated menstrual products we've received will make a concrete difference in people's lives, and with support from the Government of B.C., we can also create change on a wider scale, long-term."
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Feds weigh cutting COVID-19 benefit for travellers as Canada surpasses 600,000 cases
B.C. health officials urge people to avoid New Year gatherings
More cases of U.K. COVID-19 variant found in Canada | {
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Regional leaders gather in Tehran to celebrate Persian New Year at Ahmadinejad's invitation.
"We are celebrating together Nowruz today and promoting the Nowruz banner as one of justice, freedom, equality and fraternity among all countries," Jalal Talabani, the Iraqi president, said.
Ahmadinejad, whose policies have served to increase Iran's international isolation, talked of "collective cooperation" among countries of the bloc.
"It is a cause of joy that through collective co-operation Nowruz became global," he said.
Barack Obama, the US president, delivered a video address to Iranians on the occasion of Nowruz, which fell on March 21, this year and also last year in which he offered dialogue with Tehran to resolve longstanding political conflicts.
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran's supreme leader, and Ahmadinejad have so far avoided a direct response to the offer. | {
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Making HTML email templates is one of the necessary evils of creating an email marketing campaign. Why is it a necessary evil? Because email development is stuck firmly 10 years in the past!
I've written previously on creating an automatic Email Marketing Campaign that actually works and the value of email lists, so it only seems right that I also show you how to make elegant HTML email templates. You don't want to invest a large amount of time building up an email list and writing amazing content, only for your campaign to be unsuccessful because your emails are unreadable.
Before we get into the tutorial, first a word of advice. If you are using an email delivery platform like MailChimp or Campaign Monitor, I would suggest just using one of their default templates if you are just looking for a quick turnaround. Really, you just need a template that will deliver your content, you don't need to invest lots of time to handcraft the perfect branded template.
Why is creating HTML emails such a minefield?
If you have ever created an HTML website, you will know getting your page to look consistent across all of the different browsers can be a bit of a pain. Whilst every web designer loathes Internet Explorer, Web browsers have actually come a long way when you compare them to Email clients.
It's no exaggeration when I say that email template design is stuck 10 years in the past. If you can remember back to table based web design and inline styles, email design has not progressed past this stage. Whilst browsers have come quite a long way, email clients have refused to change.
In order to create email templates that work in all email clients and providers, we need to fall back to table based design and inline style. There are also some other quirks and best practices that you should be aware of.
Generally, the following are the major issues with creating email templates.
All email templates have to be created using tables. If you aren't from the olden days of pure table based web design, it's really not that hard to get your head around. You are essentially just creating a big table with many smaller tables inside of each other.
All your CSS should be inline. Generally, you will find many of the most common CSS properties are supported by all of the major email clients. However, don't put your CSS into the head of your email because certain clients strip it out cough***GMail***cough.
Writing Inline CSS is a pain, but you have to do it if you want to make bullet proof email templates.
Throughout this tutorial, I will be writing all of my CSS inline. This means we'll be writing a lot of CSS that repeats itself. You could probably get away with writing less, or writing it in a more efficient way depending on what email clients or providers you are targeting.
The final big problem of email template design is images. I would say you should use as little imagery as possible, and never rely on images for any kind of design or structure.
When you send an email with images, most email clients will ask the receiver if they wish to display the images. This means that your email will be a mess of broken images when the receive first opens it. Images will also slow down loading emails on mobile internet connections and can seriously distort the content of an email if the client does not render them properly.
So, only use images if you really need to, and don't try and do anything fancy with them. Don't avoid using images all together or your emails will be boring, just make sure you are careful with how you use them.
Above is a screenshot of the email template we are going to be making. As you can see, it is a simple 2 column template with some simple widgets.
The main structure of our template is going to be 600 pixels wide and aligned to the centre of the screen. We are also going to have the background filled with a colour. 600 pixels wide is a standard accepted width for email templates because of email clients like Microsoft Outlook.
In Web Design, if you wanted to set a background colour, you would simply add it to the body of the page. However, This is too unreliable with email design. To use a background colour, we need to create a wrapper table that is set to 100%. We can then set the background colour of this table to the desired background colour.
Next we need to make a 600 pixel wide table to hold the content and structure of the email.
So now we have the main wrapper table that is aligned to the centre and the entire email has a background colour.
From now on I will only be writing the specific chunk of the code we will be looking at and I won't be repeating this structure in every example. Just be aware that all of the following code needs to sit in the second nested table.
The next part of the template we will be making is the header. For this template, I'm going to be separating each chunk into it's own table. For me, the modularity of separate nested tables for each section makes the code more logical when I need to come back and make a change. This is a personal choice, so don't feel like you have to set your template up this way.
So firstly we will create a table for the header.
You'll notice that I'm setting the width of the table. You don't have to explicitly set the width of the table because the content should expand to fill the space, but I usually put in explicit widths for key parts of the template just to make sure nothing gets screwed up.
Next we need to create the cells and rows that will hold the content of the header.
As you can see from my design, the company logo is in the top left hand corner, and the "visit us online" is in the top right hand corner. I wanted to put this content at the very top of the email so that it is the first thing that shows up when the receiver gets a preview of the email in their client. Often email previews will look nasty because the email starts with unsubscribe links or broken images.
The header of the email is basically comprised of 4 cells.
And the Visit us online and the Special offer fit into the remaining space.
To make the Logo and the Visit us online cells, we need the following table cell structure. Again, I'm using explicit widths, but you don't have to.
Next we need to make the Special offer cell. Notice how it's only one cell despite our header table being made up of rows with two cells. This is because the logo cell is spanning down two rows.
And finally we need the banner row. Again, notice how this cell expands across two cells to fit the entire width of the row.
Now for the content. As I mentioned at the top of this post, I will be writing all of my CSS inline with lots of duplication. You don't have to be as strict as this as there are certain ways you can get around this problem. However I want to ensure that this email looks good in any client, so that is why I write it this way.
So here is the basic markup for the Logo cell.
Generally I would wrap all of your content in paragraph or span tags. Weird things can happen if you start using padding and margin on table cells so it's easier to control spacing with paragraph or span tags.
Next we need to add style to each of the elements.
As you can see, it's already a lot of CSS!
Notice how I'm using the long form of white hexadecimal. Some clients don't recognise the short forms so always stick to the longer versions.
Also, notice how I need to set the colour and the text decoration as part of the style of the link, rather than the container element.
In this section I'm giving the cell a background colour and a border on the left side. Also notice how I set the colour of the link to #000001 rather than full black. GMail strips out references to black and replaces it with blue. To get around this problem, just set the colour to slightly off black.
Notice here how I set the alt tag and set an explicit width and height for the image. This is important because some email clients will just choose a random size for your image if you don't set it. This is a problem when the user receives an email and has to click "Display images". Before she has clicked "Display" the email client might render the broken image gaps at random sizes, potentially distorting your template and making it look like crap.
The body of the email is another nested table that has one row and two cells for each of the columns. Each column is then a nested table within each of the body cells.
So first we need to create the table with one row and two cells.
Each section of content will be nested in it's own widget table. Again, in my opinion, structuring your template like this makes it easier to come back to in the future.
Here is the markup for each widget in the left column. If you are familiar with HTML and CSS then there shouldn't be anything to explain. If you aren't familiar with HTML and CSS, then hopefully the inline styles will enable you to alter exactly the bit of style you want to alter.
Again, I won't go through every character of of the right column because it should all be self explanatory if you know even just a little bit of HTML and CSS.
Also, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th widgets are all exactly the same, so I'll only give you the code for the 2nd one.
As a quick round up, here are the things you need to keep in mind when creating your email newsletters.
Always use tables for your layout. Although this is extremely out of date, you can still usually achieve the layout you are going for.
Keep your styles inline. Perhaps you don't need to be as strict as me, depending on who you are targeting.
When using colours, always use the full hexadecimal value. If you want to use black, use #000001 instead of #000000.
Don't go overboard with images and don't use them for structure or anything critical to reading your email.
Always use alt tags and declare the height and width of all your images.
And finally, here is the code for the full template. | {
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This beautiful mama, Monika Hibbs, just welcomed her baby girl yesterday. And today (just one day late!) we're sharing her snowy, winter maternity photos shot by Jamie Lauren Photography near Vancouver. They're so festive, aren't they? Love that big wreath. Lots more from this chilly wonderland, plus fashion credits after the jump!
So super pretty, right? Congratulations on the birth of your little girl, M! | {
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Home Design ~ Replacement Bulb For Home Design Philips Night Light Bulbs 64 1000 Makeup Mirror Lighted Staggering Replacement Bulb For. Replacement Bulb For Conair Makeup Mirror. Replacement Bulb For Makeup Mirror. Replacement Bulb For Lighted Makeup Mirror.
Replacement bulbs for uv nails professional staggering bulb x4 lighted makeupror conair. Replacement bulb for home design conair makeup mirror lighted flowtron insect traps 64_1000. Replacement bulb for lighted makeup mirror conair home design 4_strobe light. | {
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Copelands Flower Company specialises in creative designs for the event world, weddings and parties.
Known for the finest attention to detail and the exquisite quality of flowers, the family team at Copelands create bespoke designs. Working closely with our clients we create memorable occasions tailored around your special event and wishes.
We use the finest available product for the time year, focusing on the very best in season.
We consider the surroundings, time of year, creating beauty from the simplest of designs to the dramatic and flamboyant. Our flowers are beautiful and inspiring – we like to bring that excitement and inspiration to our clients. | {
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Profesionál může být:
profesionál – člověk, který za svou práci pobírá peněžní honorář a je pro činnost v daném oboru kvalifikován, případně člověk, který dělá něco velmi dobře bez ohledu na finanční odměnu
názvy uměleckých děl
Profesionál (film, 1981) – francouzský kriminální film z roku 1981, režie Georges Lautner
Profesionál (film, 2001) – americký film z roku 2001
Léon (film) – (původním názvem The Professional nebo Léon: The Professional) francouzsko–americký film z roku 1994
Viz též:
Profesionálové | {
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Gladstone Post Office is a heritage-listed former post office at 33 Goondoon Street, Gladstone, Gladstone Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1932 by relief workers. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 May 1998.
History
The former Gladstone Post Office was erected in 1932 as a purpose-designed post office for the Commonwealth Postmaster-General's Department, replacing earlier Post and Telegraph Offices on the same site. The 1932 building was at least the third purpose-built post and telegraph offices in Gladstone, and was designed by the office of the Federal Director-General of Works, Canberra. It was one of several important public buildings erected in Gladstone in the interwar years as work creation schemes, including the 1929 Commonwealth Bank Building, the 1934 Town Council Chambers and the Court House. As a group, these buildings contributed significantly to the development of a 20th-century image for Gladstone, and remain important public landmarks.
Gladstone was established by the New South Wales colonial government in 1854, possibly in an attempt to create a more centralised alternative to Brisbane as the capital of any future northern colony. The town's first post office was gazetted on 1 July 1854, opening in premises at the corner of Goondoon and Yarroon Streets (later the site of the Commercial Hotel). In the late 1850s and early 1860s postal services between Gladstone and Gayndah, Maryborough and Rockhampton were established, and to the Calliope Goldfields in 1864. In 1860, the Brisbane-Gladstone postal service came by fortnightly steamer, increased to a weekly service in 1871. On 28 November 1864 the overland telegraph service was opened to Gladstone, linking the town with Brisbane, Rockhampton and the hinterland.
In 1869 a substantial brick building was erected on the Customs Reserve at the corner of Lord and Goondoon Streets, Gladstone, as a purpose-designed Post and Telegraph Offices and Customs House, with attached residences for the post master and the telegraph master. For a short time, post, telegraph and customs shared this building before it was designated as Gladstone Customs House.
The post and telegraph departments then occupied temporary premises until a large timber building with separate offices and residences for post and telegraph was constructed in 1877-1878. This building was erected in Goondoon Street, at the intersection with Yarroon Street, on a prominent and centrally located site gazetted as a Post and Telegraph Reserve. Total expenditure on building and site by the Queensland government in the period 1877-1900 was . A telephone trunk line office opened at the Gladstone Post & Telegraph Offices on 20 September 1910, but the exchange was not built until 1911.
In 1912, most of Queensland's Post and Telegraph Department's property, including the Gladstone Post and Telegraph Offices, was transferred to the Commonwealth Government.
By the late 1920s, the shabby condition of Gladstone's Post and Telegraph Offices was an embarrassment to the local community. The Commonwealth Government's District Works Inspector, based at Rockhampton, recommended in 1925 and 1927 that the building did not warrant substantial expense on repairs, and recommended that a brick or concrete structure be erected in its place. Still the Postmaster- General's Department failed to act. By late 1928 the condition of the Gladstone Post Office had become an election issue, and in 1929, federal MHR for Capricornia, Mr Frank Forde, lobbied on behalf of his constituents for a new post office.
Finally, provision was made in the estimates of 1930-1931 for a new brick and tile-roofed building, to cost approximately . However, by the end of 1930, as world-wide economic depression worsened (with primary-producing Australia particularly vulnerable) this proposal was deferred. The depression deepened, and in November 1931, the Federal Works Director for Queensland, James Orwin, recommended to Canberra that urgently required new post offices at Gladstone, Muttaburra, Hughendon and Isisford be erected under relief scheme funding, using day labour. The proposal was accepted, and work on the Gladstone project commenced almost immediately. Before the end of the year, plans and specifications were being prepared by the office of the Director-General of Works, Canberra. By late January 1932, Mr D Gallogly had been engaged as foreman of works and the Post Office half of the 1870s building had been sold for removal.
The new post office was erected on the same reserve as the 1870s building, but with a smaller () frontage to Goondoon Street. To enable construction of the new building, the Post Office half and clock tower of the 1870s building were removed first, and the post office temporarily shared facilities with the telegraph office. When the new building was completed, the old Telegraph Offices were removed, leaving a frontage of to Goondoon Street for future development.
The new post office was a single-storeyed rendered brick building with symmetrically arranged entrance porches on either side of the front elevation. Unlike the earlier Gladstone Post and Telegraph Offices, the new building did not include quarters for the post master or telegraph master. Only 7 of this "twin porch" type of masonry post office were erected in Queensland in the period 1923-1932, but 25 timber post offices of similar design were erected 1923-1939. The masonry post offices of this era illustrate the transition from timber to masonry post offices in Queensland, and from design by the Queensland Works Department to the Commonwealth Works Department. No new timber post offices were erected in Queensland after 1940, and the masonry post offices erected in the period 1941 to 1952 favoured the "porch, parapet and hip" design.
The Gladstone Post Office was the only one of the Queensland "twin porch" masonry post offices to include a clock tower, illustrating Gladstone's role as an important regional centre. The existing clock mechanism, already recycled from Maryborough and dating to at least 1900, was overhauled and used again in the new building. In 1932 the Gladstone Town Council agreed to illuminate, each night until midnight, the faces of the town clock which was to be installed in the new post office.
The new post office was opened officially on 23 July 1932, when members of the Gladstone Town Council, Chamber of Commerce and Harbour Board were taken on a tour of the building. At the time, the contribution of Mr FM Forde, MHR, in promoting the construction of this building, was acknowledged.
In the second half of the 1940s a two-storeyed rendered-brick Carrier Equipment Building (telephone exchange) was erected on the southern end of the post office reserve, about from the post office building and fronting Goondoon Street. This was extended to the rear in 1965-67, linking the exchange with the 1932 post office. Perhaps at this period, and certainly between 1962 and 1976, the post office building was extended on the southern side to accommodate public telephones.
By 1976, the post office had undergone a number of modifications, including a large, two-storeyed brick extension to the rear of the post office, necessitating the removal of the rear wall of the 1932 building, and changes to the two public entrances. Internal verandahs had been created along the north and east sides by means of a rearrangement of the internal partitions, accommodating an expanded number of private post boxes. By the mid-1990s, changes in postal handling techniques made the building redundant to Australia Post, and it was sold to private enterprise in 1997. The interior has been gutted since, in preparation for an internal refurbishment as offices, but the principal street facades survive reasonably intact, and the prominently positioned building, along with its clock tower, remains an integral element in the Gladstone townscape.
Description
The former Gladstone Post Office is a single-storeyed rendered masonry building with a terracotta-tiled hipped roof, prominent clock tower and two-storeyed brick extension at the rear of the building. The building is situated in Goondoon Street, the principal street in Gladstone, and overlooks the harbour.
The principal facade of the building is to Goondoon Street with two flat roofed porches either side of a protruding gable. The building is designed in a stripped classical style. The clock tower sits above the gabled-end; it is square in plan, has a four-faced clock and is capped with a pyramidal terracotta roof. Below the clock tower the gable-end elevation has two sets of paired sash timber windows arranged symmetrically. There is evidence in the triangular pediment of the gable of the original signage.
The entrance to the twin porches is marked by two simple columns. The northern porch is entered by a flight of steps; aluminium shop fronts and doors give access to the building. The southern porch has been extended along the southern elevation of the building. The extension is rendered masonry, with paired sash windows and a flat metal deck roof. The southern porch has aluminium shop fronts and doors.
The northern elevation of the buildings has two sets of timber sash windows symmetrically arranged. The basement level below has three multi-paned timber sash windows.
Internally the main Goondoon Street level of the 1932 Post Office is one large open space. The original timber floor is extant, as is some remnant light internal partitioning. The ceiling has been removed as part of the process of refurbishing the building. The back wall of the original building was demolished when the extension was constructed.
The two-storeyed face brick rear extension has a flat roof. A concrete stairway leads to the lower level which contains a number of small rooms and connects with the two basement rooms of the 1932 building.
Heritage listing
The former Gladstone Post Office was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 May 1998 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
The former Gladstone Post Office, erected in 1932, is important in illustrating the pattern of development of Gladstone as a regional centre. As one of a group of employment-generating public buildings erected in Gladstone during the interwar period, (including the 1929 Commonwealth Bank Building, the 1934 Town Council Chambers and the Court House), the former Post Office is significant in illustrating a more positive impact of the interwar economic depression on regional Queensland.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
As a group, these buildings contributed significantly to the development of a 20th-century image for Gladstone, and remain important public landmarks. The prominently positioned former Post Office with clock tower retains a reasonably intact street exterior, and remains an integral element, with landmark status, in the Gladstone townscape.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
As a group, these buildings contributed significantly to the development of a 20th-century image for Gladstone, and remain important public landmarks. The prominently positioned former Post Office with clock tower retains a reasonably intact street exterior, and remains an integral element, with landmark status, in the Gladstone townscape.
References
Attribution
External links
Queensland Heritage Register
Gladstone, Queensland
Post office buildings in Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
Buildings and structures in Central Queensland | {
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A paper in the most recent International Journal of Cosmetic Science has just drawn attention to a little noticed issue that has been bubbling away in the background of the cosmetic science world for a while. The issue is the use of long chain hydrocarbons in lip products. This sounds pretty formidable, but it is not really that complicated. Mineral oil is largely composed of long molecules that are composed of nothing more than chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms. This is about as simple as chemistry gets, and the chemistry of hydrocarbons has few surprises. The most interesting thing about them is that they make a good source of fuel. And the biggest use we put them to is to put them into cars and aeroplanes.
In principle they can also be a source of fuel for humans as well. The body is capable of breaking down hydrocarbon chains to provide an energy source at a pinch. But our metabolism is much better suited to using fats. Fats as it happens are pretty closely related to hydrocarbons. The difference is that in fats the hydrocarbon chains have an acid group on the end. As we tend to eat fats from animal and plant sources rather than eating hydrocarbons our bodies have got all the enzymes they need to efficiently process fats with their acid groups. We do a much worse job of dealing with the rather simpler hydrocarbons.
The upshot of this is that if we ingest hydrocarbons, they tend to get stored rather than used. This has been used in the past to produce slimming products. If you replace fat with a hydrocarbon then you can eat a lot more calories without putting on weight. This approach is now out of fashion, and I have a feeling it would probably now be illegal, though don't quote me on that.
Mineral oil isn't the only source of hydrocarbons. You get them from quite a lot of natural sources as well. People haven't really given them too much thought in the past. When I was a kid it was routine to coat raisins in mineral oil to stop them sticking together. They don't do this any more, and raisins taste a lot better – but they tend to stick together. There were other food uses of mineral oil as well, and you can still get what are called food grades. But the use of mineral oil as a foodstuff has become much less fashionable and it is now no longer approved as a food additive. That doesn't necessarily mean you aren't eating it though, because it remains approved for use in food processing. I'm not a food scientist and I really don't know how widespread this use is, but it is common enough to trouble the EFSA Panel on Food additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food to carry out an investigation into its safety.
The problem is basically the slow speed at which the body processes hydrocarbons which in turn leads to them tending to accumulate in the body. It isn't at all clear that this has ever done any particular harm to anyone, but it is the sort of thing that raises alarm bells. Mice have been fed quite large quantities without any obvious ill effect. But that doesn't mean that in a larger animal like a human that adverse effects of a subtle nature won't occur. In fact it is quite easy to come up with plausible harmful effects. Do they prevent the absorption of important vitamins? Do they form oil droplets that can block important processes? Do they interfere with important enzymes?
In all likelihood this is one of those cases where the dose makes the poison. There is probably no harm in small quantities, but if you put enough into your diet you might well find that at some point your body can no longer cope with it. The trouble is that this is exactly the kind of thing that animal testing is rubbish at determining. It is really hard to extrapolate from one species to another if you aren't even very sure what it is you are looking for in the first place. And you can't really do this kind of testing on humans either. Feeding people mineral oil until they start to show symptoms isn't going to get past any ethical review process.
So not surprisingly the food regulators have played it safe and just banned the stuff. It isn't as if there are no alternatives. This sounds like a good decision to me. I can easily believe that a small amount mineral oil won't do me any harm, but the idea of eating it just doesn't appeal to me.
The same issues don't arise in cosmetic products that are applied to the skin. Hydrocarbons with long chains don't really get through the skin, and the short chain ones are much less of a problem anyway as they can be processed much more quickly. But what about lipsticks and lip balms? On the face of it, these don't really represent any big issue. You don't apply very much of them, and most of what you do apply isn't ingested in any case. So until relatively recently nobody took too much notice.
But in 2014 Cosmetics Europe, the trade body for the European cosmetic business issued some recommendations on the subject. These are just what they say, recommendations. Cosmetics Europe is a worthy and respected organisation that does a lot of good work. But it doesn't have the power to pass laws. And as recommendations go it was, how can I put it, not especially decisive. It simply said that only hydrocarbons for which an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) had been determined should be used. It also defined the hydrocarbons that it was talking about, so it only applies to relatively long chain ones.
This was all sensible enough, except that ADI figures for mineral oil grades are thin on the ground and when they do exist aren't always recognised as particularly useful. In a review of the use of mineral oil in food, the European Food Standards Agency managed to assign an ADI to one type of food grade mineral oil, but the caveats and disclaimers filled nearly half a page.
And if you really, really dislike the thought of hydrocarbons they are pretty high in candelilla and carnauba waxes as well – though these aren't mineral oil derived.
I'll have a good look at that paper, it sounds interesting.
I always worked on the principle that even if you ingested a significant amount, it would, in the majority, pass straight through and end up where most things end up.
I think I need to sit down with some papers from both the cosmetic and food industry and do some background reading over a cup of tea. | {
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Release Blitz: Man Amongst the Stars (Written in the Stars #2) by L.L. Hunter
Title: Man Amongst the Stars
Author: L.L. Hunter
Genre: NA Contemporary Romance/RomCom
Cover Designer: KILA Designs
Hosted by: Lady Amber's PR
Jack Dean has always wanted to make movies.
But there is more to the man than just good looks.
Hounded by media and followed by rumours, he feels trapped in Hollywood.
With his previous film bombing at the box office, and his new film looking to go the same way, he uses the opportunity of a press tour to Sydney Australia as a means to escape.
After an encounter with the intriguing writer Chloe Vanderbilt at the premiere of his latest film leaves Jack rethinking everything, he knows his life is about to change.
When a picture of them goes viral, and their secret moments revealed to the world, Jack takes the leap and goes with it.
The risks are great, but it's a chance he's willing to take.
You see, there's one thing missing from Jack's life.
Something money can't buy.
Real Love.
And to find it, he's willing to lose everything.
Woman in the Photograph
Amazon AU
Man Amongst the Stars:
L.L. Hunter is the author of over 20 published works, including The Legend of the Archangel Series and The Garden of Eden. She has studied everything from veterinary nursing, forensic science, and dramatic arts, but has always known her true calling was to be an author. She has been writing since her teens - everything from fan fiction, to song lyrics, to plays and musicals. When not working on her next paranormal romance, she can be found at home in Australia, reading somewhere comfortable with one or both of her "fur babies." Follow her on Facebook, Twitter @llhunterbooks, and her blog - http://llhunter.blogspot.com.au.
Author Links: Facebook Twitter Amazon Goodreads Blog Authorgraph Smashwords Bookbub Newsletter: http://eepurl.com/by8k0r | {
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One of two golf companies in competition for a controversial contract to run concessions at the Encino-Balboa Golf Course has withdrawn, just as the Los Angeles City Council was preparing to intervene in the contract fracas for the second time. While continuing to assert it was the best-qualified bidder, the company, American Golf Corp., cited "substantial controversy regarding the selection process" in a letter to the city Recreation and Parks Department announcing its withdrawal.
A weekly look at golf courses open to the public in Southern California. BALBOA GOLF COURSE Address: 16821 Burbank Blvd. Encino. Phone: (818) 995-1170 Green fees: $17.50-$23. Tee times: Seven days in advance (City Department of Recreation and Parks card required). The facility: Balboa and its sister course, Encino, are Los Angeles city-operated courses. Balboa is the easier of the two layouts, about 550 yards shorter than Encino, a par 72. There is also a driving range.
After a tense meeting, a City Council panel recommended Thursday that a contract for concessions at the Encino-Balboa Golf Course be scrapped and the bidding process reopened. The recommendation followed an uproar over the contract-award process, during which the Board of Recreation and Parks chose American Golf Corp. over another firm, Family Golf Centers. Family Golf's bid for the coveted contract had been given a higher rating than American Golf by city staff following an economic analysis.
After a lengthy debate, the City Council on Friday voted to scrap a contract for concessions at the Encino-Balboa Golf Course and reopen the bidding process. The city Board of Recreation and Parks had chosen American Golf Corp. earlier for the contract. But because American Golf's bid had ranked behind that of another company on a list of contract contenders, its selection provoked an outcry. Some critics contended the board had shown favoritism, an allegation board members denied.
As they have been known to do in these days of reform and revolution, members of the Los Angeles City Council last week left their cloisters in City Hall and trekked out to Encino for a meeting. Even if one-third of the council couldn't make the trip, it's at least nice to see the others understand that night meetings away from downtown are part of the key to holding Los Angeles together.
An update on the wildlife area expansion project will be discussed at the Sepulveda Basin Users Committee meeting Thursday in Encino. "We're in the midst of putting in additional trails and building several bridges over Haskell Creek, observation areas for wildlife habitats, an outdoor teaching facility and a restroom building," said James Ward, a Los Angeles Recreation and Parks supervisor.
A Sylmar man and his prostitute lover could face the death penalty after a jury convicted them Thursday of bludgeoning the man's wife to death to acquire her assets. Dennis Dawley, formerly a starter at the Encino-Balboa golf course, was found guilty of first-degree murder, conspiracy and solicitation of murder.
Valley residents got a firsthand view of the workings of City Hall on Wednesday night when the City Council held a special meeting at the Encino Community Center in an effort to make government more accessible. More than 150 people turned out to hear their neighbors testify on secession, management at the Encino/Balboa Golf Course and the irritation at being awoken before dawn by helicopters from Van Nuys Airport.
"I must ask," writes Suzanne B. Carpenter of Balboa Island, "what has come of your new interest with the game of golf? Granted your approach is a bit bizarre. I doubt that the great golfers of the world planned their games around a 'Good Eats' place that is close to the links." Carpenter refers to my recent account of having breakfast at a diner called EAT beside the first green of the Los Feliz Golf Course, a pretty little three-par course on Los Feliz Boulevard in Glendale.
Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer and Ben Crenshaw are still looking for a No. 1, Minnesota Fats is holding steady at No. 12 and Mickey Mantle is No. 18. That's the latest in the wide world of sports--video, that is. Billboard magazine has been keeping track of the recreational sports video hits--and misses--since last January. | {
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MTA Rockaway Rail Line Feasibility Study Included in Assembly Budget
PHOTO: Assemblyman Phil Goldfeder last November hosted City Transportation Commissioner Polly Trottenberg (foreground) and DOT Queens Borough Commissioner Nicole Garcia on a tour of the portion of the defunct Rockaway Beach Rail Line that runs through Ozone Park. File Photo
A momentous development this week on the borough transportation front—a result that one Queens assemblyman has characterized as "gargantuan"—was actually crafted 162 miles away in Albany.
The Assembly's one-house budget resolution will include funds for a study of reactivating the old Rockaway Beach Rail Line, according to Assemblyman Phil Goldfeder (D-Howard Beach).
The Lower Chamber on Monday released its spending plan for the 2016-2017 state budget; and the proposal includes language directing the Metropolitan Transportation Authority to conduct a comprehensive feasibility study of the reactivation of the Line – a defunct, 4-mile spur that was put into service in the late 19th Century under the control of the Long Island Rail Road. The RBRL connected Rockaway and southern Queens with Rego Park, provided area residents with expedient access to other parts of the city, and 40-minute commutes to Midtown Manhattan from the Peninsula. In the early 1960s, parts of the railroad service were condensed, sectioned off, and eventually closed in 1962.
According to the text of the Assembly resolution, the Legislature justifies the appropriation of funds for the analysis on the grounds that "constructing new mass transit routes and services reduces vehicle traffic and alleviates congestion." The MTA would be required to complete the study and submit it to the governor and the leaders in both houses of the legislature no later than March 1, 2017.
"This study will provide us with an accurate picture of the state of the line and show not just what it would cost to reactivate, but also the impact this would have on thousands of commuters in the community," Goldfeder noted, hailing Assembly Speaker Carl Heastie for his work in allocating the funds in this budget.
With the study, Goldfeder said he expects the MTA to assess the current condition of infrastructure along the 4-mile right-of-way, as well as the full cost of reactivating the line for passenger service – which many have ballparked at around $1 billion.
Goldfeder, a Rockaway resident, also said he hopes that the study will weigh in on the benefits of reactivation, including potential ridership (could serve up to 250,000 commuters per day) and the economic benefits to surrounding communities.
Philip McManus, chairman of the Queens Public Transit Committee, said the civic organization is "extremely hopeful" after hearing Tuesday's news, and that it intends "to actively participate" in the MTA probe.
"We need to change the mentality that we don't deserve high quality railways," McManus said. "The City and the MTA think they can reallocate our services and funding because we don't have enough ridership. This mentality allows our services to disappear and forces commuters to drive and get tickets. We will never get new services with this type of thinking."
There is, of course, another element to the saga of the Line. In 2014, Friends of the QueensWay and the Trust for Public Land released the QueensWay Plan, a project that involves converting the RBRL into a 3.5-mile, $120 million public park boasting trails and amenities, similar to the highly successful High Line in Manhattan.
"It is important to note the concept of reactivating the Rockaway Beach Branch has been studied multiple times by the MTA and Port Authority over its 60 years of abandonment and, in each instance, was found to be infeasible," Friends of the QueensWay's Andrea Crawford told The Forum on Wednesday. "We know the consequences – elimination of subway access to the Rockaways, harming of our quality of life including closure of our little leagues and significant distractions in our schools, increased commute times for Queens and Long Island residents, and billions of taxpayer dollars diverted from other transportation needs around the region. Meanwhile, it is the communities living along the QueensWay that are suffering from the property's profound neglect. That is why, working together as a community and with the support of many elected officials who actually represent these communities and dozens of local community and citywide advocacy organizations, we have supported and made significant progress towards the creation of the QueensWay. When completed, the QueensWay will bring much-desired green space, transportation, economic development, environmental and health benefits to our communities."
For now, regardless of its findings, Goldfeder is praising the proposed study as a step in the right direction for Queens families living in so-called transportation deserts.
[email protected] | {
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Open Book Collective
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Opening the Future
Academic Libraries and Open Access Books in Europe: a Landscape Study
Published on Jan 31, 2021DOI
10.21428/785a6451.75a85f51
Academic libraries and OA books. The Swedish perspective.
by Agata Morka and Rupert Gatti
Published onJan 31, 2021
last released
The National Library of Sweden is the main body investigating OA-related issues. The National Library of Sweden is responsible for coordinating OA-related issues and keeping track of costs on a national level
The National Library also runs the Bibsam consortium, which serves as a vehicle for the shift to OA by negotiating transformative agreements on behalf of the universities and colleges
Recommendations by the Swedish Government and the Swedish Research Council suggest that the transformation of OA to include all publicly funded research publications should be completed by 2026
There are no OA book-specific funds in Sweden
The OA book publishers Stockholm University Press and Kriterium play a pivotal role as library/scholar-led initiatives
Libraries rely on aggregators for OA book coverage
General library system for e-content and OA publications
Research libraries in Sweden differ substantially when it comes to their size, resources and funding. The Bibsam consortium, with 55 participating institutions (as of 2019), is in charge of licence negotiations for e-content with international publishers on behalf of Swedish universities, university colleges, research institutes and governmental agencies (Bibsam Consortium, n.d.).
The National Library of Sweden has since 2017 been acting as a national contact point with responsibility for coordinating and investigating work related to the aim of open access to research publications in Sweden (Koulocheri, n.d.). As part of this initiative, five national investigation studies have been conducted over the period of 2017-2018, looking into the implications of transition to open access, with one focusing specifically on open access to monographs (see the summary of the recommendations in the main report, 2020) and one focusing on technical and financial support for scholarly journals (which has been translated to English: Open Access, n.d.).
Library community and open access
The Swedish Library Association represents both organisations and individuals and their aim is to promote libraries and their work by reporting news and supporting the development of skills for librarians. While the association does not have an open science policy, it follows actions that its member libraries decide to take.
OA book policies
Open access has been an important part of the conversation about the future of scholarly communication since 2006 in Sweden, when the National Library of Sweden started its work towards advancing OA. In 2015 the Proposal for National Guidelines for Open Access to Scientific Information, produced by the Swedish Research Council, laid out basic principles for OA in Sweden, recommending that all publicly funded publications (books included), art works and data that the research was based on should be made available open access without embargo periods from 2020 the latest, with the OA policy fully implemented by 2026 (Proposal for National Guidelines for Open Access to Scientific Information, 2015).
The Research Bill Collaborating for Knowledge – for Society's Challenges and Strengthened Competitiveness, presented in 2016, displayed the vision for higher education institutions for the period of 2017-2020, with open access being one of the desirable directions (Regeringskansliet, 2016).
The general national approach is followed by universities and research institutes, with individual OA policies differing per institution. There are 12 institutional OA policies registered in the ROAR map for Sweden, with two specifically mentioning books (Blekinge Institute of Technology and University College of Boras).
OA book funding
Funding for OA books in Sweden is generally provided as part of research grants, with no OA book-specific funds available on a national level. Individual institutions might have their own OA funds, geared mostly towards APCs.
Some Swedish research funders, such as Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, encourage researchers to submit applications for publishing costs including books, even if this is not included in the official policy. Others, like the Swedish Research Council, also mentions books in their open access policy, even if it is not a requirement (Publishing Your Research Open Access, n.d.).
Library/scholar-led OA book publishing
Two main players in the field of library/scholar-led OA book initiatives in Sweden are Stockholm University Press and Kriterium, the first being a proper publishing house and the latter labelling itself as "a mark of quality".
Stockholm University Press publishes OA journals and books and is open to proposals from any author, not necessarily affiliated to Stockholm University. The press is run by the university library. Editorial Boards consisting of experts in the fields of humanities, social and natural sciences assess the academic quality of submitted proposals and they are also responsible for selecting reviewers for the external peer review process applied for all manuscripts. The Publishing Committee, consisting of representatives of four faculties of the Stockholm University, supervises the transparency and fairness of the peer review processes and makes final decisions concerning acceptance for publication. Stockholm University Press operates on a gold OA model, with a BPC charged to authors on a case-by-case basis, depending on the range of provided publishing services, with an approximate BPC at £3,250 (+VAT) for a book of about 200 pages. SUP's portfolio consists of 31 OA books and it runs 12 book series. The Editorial Boards consist of at least three to five experts in their respective field, where at least one member should be affiliated to Stockholm University.
Kriterium calls itself a "portal" for review rather than a publisher (Kriterium, n.d.). This initiative is a collaborative effort between universities and academic presses focused on publication of peer reviewed academic books, with a special emphasis on humanities, social sciences and Swedish scholarship. Kriterium takes care of the peer review process, while the production of books is carried out by participating publishers. The open access versions of the books are usually published via the Kriterium website and added to the OAPEN Library, while the print books are usually manufactured by the publisher of the book. The initiative is supported by the Swedish Research Council, the National Library of Sweden and the Riksbankens Jubileumsfond. Currently there are nine participating universities (Gothenburg University, Karlstad University, Lund University, Malmö University, Stockholm University, Södertörn University, Umeå University, Uppsala University and Örebro University) and two participating publishers (Nordic Academic Press and Makadam publishers).
Lund University Press is the body led by a steering committee, consisting of representatives of the supporting institutions (SRC, NLS and RJ), of participating university libraries and publishing houses. They oversee the work of the consortium, proposing guidelines, while a group of academic co-ordinators gathered in the Editorial Board supervises the academic merit of the published content. So far, 21 OA books have been published with the Kriterium "mark of quality". Lund University Press has entered a collaboration with Manchester University Press, where the print books are available for purchase and the online versions are added to the Manchester Hive for additional distribution.
Integration of OA books in library systems
OA books are integrated with the general library discovery systems that rely on EBSCO services. In order to make sure that the users have access to OA books (as they are sometimes not fully covered by EBSCO) libraries add links to DOAB and OAPEN to facilitate browsing through a global OA books portfolio.
Many libraries use the DiVA repository, governed by a national consortium of libraries, to publish and disseminate locally produced books (and other types of publications such as reports, conference proceedings, local journals etc.). DiVA is usually the place where universities publish PhD theses, but it also serves as the main repository for green open access. The archive itself is free to access, but it is up to each contributor to indicate and manage rights for their publication. This means that content may or may not be classified as open access. However, for many libraries this is the only affordable option for them to support open publication.
In addition to that, SwePub, the national publication database, lists more than 25,000 open access books.
Important contributors
The National Library of Sweden https://www.kb.se/in-english.html
SUHF (The Association of Swedish Higher Education Institutions) https://suhf.se/in-english/
The Swedish Library Association https://www.biblioteksforeningen.se/in-english/
Bibsam Sweden https://www.kb.se/samverkan-och-utveckling/oppen-tillgang-och-bibsamkonsortiet/open-access-and-bibsam-consortium/bibsam-consortium.html
Stockholm University Press https://www.stockholmuniversitypress.se
Kriterium https://www.kriterium.se/site/en-welcome/
Lund University Press https://www.lunduniversitypress.lu.se
DIVA repository https://www.diva-portal.org/
SwePub http://swepub.kb.se
National Library of Sweden. (2020). The transition to an open access scholarly publishing system. https://www.kb.se/samverkan-och-utveckling/oppen-tillgang-och-bibsamkonsortiet/open-access-and-bibsam-consortium/open-access.html
Proposal for national guidelines for open access to scientific information. (2015). https://www.vr.se/download/18.2412c5311624176023d25590/1555426972107/Proposal-nat-guidelines-open-access_VR_2015.pdf
Expenditure on scholarly publishing Universities and University Colleges 2017. (n.d.). https://www.kb.se/samverkan-och-utveckling/oppen-tillgang-och-bibsamkonsortiet/open-access-and-bibsam-consortium/open-access.html
Bibsam Consortium. Retrieved December 3, 2020. https://www.kb.se/samverkan-och-utveckling/oppen-tillgang-och-bibsamkonsortiet/open-access-and-bibsam-consortium/bibsam-consortium.html
Regeringskansliet, R. och. (2016, November 28). Collaborating for knowledge – for society's challenges and strengthened competitiveness [Text]. Regeringskansliet. https://www.government.se/press-releases/2016/11/collaborating-for-knowledge--for-societys-challenges-and-strengthened-competitiveness/
Koulocheri, E. (n.d.). Sweden. OpenAIRE. Retrieved December 17, 2020, from https://www.openaire.eu/os-sweden
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Photo of the National Library of Sweden by Øyvind Holmstad, CC BY-SA 4.0
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Champion Bowland's exciting new project aims to grow a living legacy for the area's most important trees.
Let Festival Bowland's springtime events help you discover some of the area's fantastic natural treasures.
The Forest of Bowland E-bulletin is sent out twice a year keeping you up to date with the activity of the partnership and events taking placea across the AONB.
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View the New Website Here! | {
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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: APPROXIMATE RATE IN US DOLLARS FOR UP TO FOUR GUESTS (can vary according to passengers and/or dates of rent) THE PAYMENT MUST BE IN EUROS. For booking this property we require 100% of the rent. Cleaning service has a compulsory additional cost that depends on season and length of the stay. 2 bedrooms furnished paris le marais ready for rent! This Paris apartment has everything you need from a washer, dishwasher, television, satellite, internet access, small appliances, and fridge. One bedroom with One double bed & and one bedroom with 3 single beds. Plenty of shopping just steps from this Paris short term apartment, whether designer fashions and more! This will definitely be a vacation you'll never forget. SERVICES WITH ADDITIONAL COST: extra cleaning, more sheets and towels,additional key, early check in or late check out, Ipad for rent, bottle of champagne, flower bouquet, cradle and/or private transfer in/out to the airport. | {
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Woman Strip Searched And Jailed For Unpaid Traffic Ticket
Written by: Off The Grid News Staff Current Events November 29, 2013 0
Sarah Boaz was taken from her home in handcuffs, hauled to the city jail in North Richland Hills, Texas, and strip searched by police. Her crime? She had run a stop sign in August, got ticketed and forgot to pay it.
The Dallas area resident was treated like a dangerous criminal, even though she had done something any American could have done. Boaz's ordeal began on October 23 when she came home to find the city marshal waiting for her. The marshal arrested her, handcuffed her and took her to the city jail.
At the jail Boaz was forced to remove all of her clothing and undergo a strip search by a female detention officer. She was then dressed in a jumpsuit like a criminal and placed in a cell. To get her out of jail, Boaz's family had to post bail.
In Disbelief
Boaz could not believe what was happening to her until she heard a detention officer say, "I'm going to need you to undress. I'm going to need you to stand against the wall."
The detention officer watched while Boaz took off her clothes, and then searched her. The North Richland Hills Police contend that Boaz was not strip searched — because she took her own clothes off.
Bombshell New Book Reveals… How To Survive The Coming Martial Law In America
Police claim the stripping of clothes is standard procedure at the jail. There was no indication that police thought Boaz was a criminal or a danger to officers or other inmates. The police also claim that the detention officer never touched Boaz.
"They have to remove all clothing and are given a jump suit," a North Richland Hills Police email stated. "The officer searches their clothes, at no time does the officer touch them."
Said Boaz, "I guess it was just frustrating to me, that a bill I pay a month late, I end up in jail for," Boaz told a Dallas TV station. City officials said they had twice mailed Boaz requests to pay the ticket. Boaz claims that they she never received those letters.
Threat Of Jail Used To Collect Fines
It is not clear why authorities in North Richland Hills went to all the trouble of issuing a bench warrant for a woman who ran a stop sign. One possibility: an attempt to raise revenue for the city by enforcing traffic fines.
Nor is it clear that Boaz's arrest was legal. Attorney Jason Smith told Dallas TV station Channel 11 that there is nothing in the law that mandates jail time for traffic tickets.
The city of North Richland Hills apparently uses its jail as a revenue collection mechanism. People that don't pay tickets are arrested and brought to the jail, and then given the chance to pay their fines. If they pay the fines they are booked, photographed and released.
"The constitution doesn't keep the government or government officials from using common sense. Unfortunately, some police officers, some governments get overly aggressive because they want that ticket revenue," Smith said.
Persons are only released if they are able to pay the entire fine. Those without the money have to sit in jail until they get the money or raise bail.
It looks like authorities in North Richland Hills have found a disturbing new way to collect money from citizens.
Off The Grid News Staff
fine forgot to pay police Sarah boaz strip searched Texas ticket
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3 Edible Wild Nuts You'll Find Everywhere — Except At The Store | {
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An Agricultural solutions based company Engineering firm focused in water, wastewater, CEQA, anaerobic digestors, and liner systems.
Address: 567 W. Shaw Ave.
Denham Resources is a locally and family owned staffing, recruiting, and HR consulting company. Dave Denham and his wife, Kathy Bray, operate the business with their son, Joe Denham, and a staff that averages over 14 years' experience with Denham. The company was originally founded in 1970 by Bud and Jean Denham and specialized in direct-hire placement and executive recruiting.
In 1983, in response to customer demand, Denham added temporary staffing to its service offerings. Denham was the pioneer in the region in combining staffing and executive search/direct hire placement-a model that many in the industry use today. The company also provides human resource consulting. Using an educational and preventative approach, this division is responsible for assisting companies with human resource issues. Although Denham is locally owned and serves Central California, its scope is national in the area of executive recruitment. Additionally, Denham's membership in the national Independent Staffing Alliance gives its clients access to the option of national contracts for temporary or contract staffing.
The Denham family and its employees are committed to their core purpose of making life better for all with whom they come in contact. Denham is known for an unwavering commitment to and insistence upon always doing the right thing. Denham has received recognition for its business practices including the Excellence in Business Award, the BBB Torch Award for Outstanding Ethical Business Practices, the Department of Fair Employment and Housing Exemplary Employer Award, the California Family Business Award, the Excellence in Business Award, and the American Staffing Association National Temporary Employee of the Year Award, among others.
Now in its fourth decade of serving the staffing, recruiting, and human resource consulting needs of its many clients, Denham Resources recently placed its 20,000th candidate. The family intends to continue to serve the people of Central California and beyond for many years to come.
Hi-Tech CADD Services is a trusted CAD and BIM services provider firm; delivering complete outsourcing solutions to architects, engineers, contractors, manufacturers and design consulting firms at affordable cost.
AGPROfessionals is committed to continuously delivering a better client experience.
We give our clients the personal, meaningful experience they deserve, while providing them with the expertise needed to be successful.
It is what we've been doing for 21 years: charting the course of an industry leader by solving problems, being creative, growing our relationships, locations, and services, maintaining financial strength, building an industry-leading staff of experts, and being the first to inform clients of industry changes affecting their business. That's how we ensure that every transaction is a valuable experience.
Use AGPROfessionals' expertise to move your business forward.
Document shredding business located in Salinas and servicing clients throughout Monterey, San Benito, Santa Cruz and Santa Clara Counties.
California's largest, and only rancher-governed agricultural land trust, working to protect the culture, open space, habitat, air and water quality, and economic viability of the Golden State's working ranches.
Targeted web, print & marketing solutions customized for your equestrian, agricultural or related business. | {
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in Reviews, Video Games
Draw a Venn diagram of car enthusiasts and video gamers, and where the two circles intersect you'll find a group of people who, without exception, have very strong opinions about the Gran Turismo series.
For most of us contained within that vesica piscis, the original "Real Driving Simulator" was far from merely a game—it was a religion. It taught us how to accelerate out of hairpin turns. It made us love mid-engine powertrains and AWD drivetrains. It turned us into oil-changing obsessives. Granted, many of us have graduated from Gran Turismo to more hardcore racing simulators over the years, especially since the disappointing sixth entry was released in 2013, but the nostalgia is still strong with this one.
In an attempt to win back the racers it lost to games like iRacing, Assetto Corsa, and Project CARS, GT developer Polyphony Digital is back with a wholly new and completely different effort dubbed Gran Turismo Sport. Don't call it Gran Turismo 7. This is intended as the first entry in a newly revamped series whose emphasis isn't on the single-player career mode that defined the franchise for the past 20 years but rather on eSports—ranked competitive multiplayer online gaming, that is to say.
The results are a stunning mess, to put it mildly. Let's focus on the stunning part first, because Gran Turismo Sport features without question the best use of High Dynamic Range video I've seen to date. And I'm not limiting the comparison to video games, either. Find me a movie with more lifelike use of shadows and piercing sunlight, and I'll eat that UHD Blu-ray Disc. Without ketchup.
Pass alongside trees and other obstructions, and you can almost feel the shadows crossing your arms. Turn your car toward the west as sunset approaches and you'll be scrambling for your sunglasses. This isn't merely demo material—it's the new gold standard for HDR that all content producers should be measuring themselves against.
Polyphony has also seriously upped the ante in terms of the game's audio mix, likely in response to criticism of its previous games in this department. No longer does a supercharged V8 sound like a Singer sewing machine. The sound this time around is positively ferocious.
Sadly, in all other respects, Gran Turismo Sport is a rather hollow experience. At least for now. Long gone are the days when you could buy a cheap, beat-up four-cylinder car and scrape your pennies together to upgrade it as you slowly advanced through the ranks.
The single-player experience mostly consists of the game's legendary driver's-license challenges and a few driving-school scenarios. These are fun while they last—especially with a good racing wheel like Logitech's G29—but they don't last nearly long enough. And the online racing experience is sadly ruined by trolls who take pleasure from turning a good race into a demolition derby. What's more, the punishment system set up to discourage such behavior punishes victims as harshly as instigators.
If Polyphony Digital can sort out such problems and add some more compelling single-player content down the road, it'll have a successful game on its hands, if only on the strength of the audiovisual experience alone. For now, the lack of content and a middling online experience make Gran Turismo Sport feel more like an extended demo than a full-blown racing game.
4K HDRDennis BurgerGran TurismoGran Turismo Sport PS4racing gamesvideo games | {
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It's an awkward feeling when you haven't been invited to the hottest ticket event of the year. Nobody likes missing out, and no-one likes being an after-thought invite. To avoid such disappointment, consider yourself personally invited to the biggest coffee dedicated event of the year – MICE, taking place from 7 to 9 February, 2019.
Are you excited? You should be. This is a once-a-year opportunity to celebrate the Australian coffee industry, your industry.
The front façade of the expo is ready for Instragramming, the competition stage is in the works, exhibitor stands are being built, company representatives are practicing their best spruiking techniques, and baristas are perfecting their best brewing techniques. All that's left to do is book your ticket online (to avoid queues), and roll up.
Don't be "that person" who assumes they know all the details after seven years visiting the Melbourne International Coffee Expo (MICE) and rocks up to the Melbourne Showgrounds' Grand Pavilion, or worse, in a different month. Hold up.
For the first time, MICE is taking place at Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre (MCEC), Australia's largest convention and exhibition space at 70,000 square metres. MCEC has been used as Melbourne's premium event space, hosting everything from the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, annual Good Friday Appeal, ballet, travel expos, PaxAus, international conferences, and even Hillary Rodham Clinton in her latest Australian tour.
Think city central location, and a plethora of restaurants and not-to-be-missed cafés in close proximity to the expo. Hello after-expo beverage. Hello fine-dining options. Hello work tax receipts.
From the very beginning in 2012, MICE was created as Australia's first and only coffee-dedicated trade show to connect buyers and sellers, and bring industry members together in the one space. With time, MICE has evolved into an important part of the Australian and world coffee community fabric.
MICE is an annual family reunion to connect industry members from across the country and around the world, including producers, coffee importers, espresso equipment and brewing manufacturers, coffee roasters, roasting equipment manufacturers, and baristas.
And connect it does. MICE2018 saw an attendee increase of 14.5 per cent on the year prior with 11,043 visitors from 39 countries including Burundi, Cambodia, Chile, China, Colombia, France, Great Britain, India, Laos, Myanmar, the Netherlands, New Caledonia, Peru, Russia, South Africa, and United Arab Emirates.
Registration data tell us that the top reasons for people attending MICE are to look for new products, equipment, and technology, see existing suppliers, source new suppliers, taste different coffee, watch the coffee championships, and compare products. To date, MICE2019 will feature more than 23 roasters, 25 different machine, roaster and equipment manufacturers, 14 dairy and dairy alternative brands, and 15 green bean representatives.
A barista competition you say? MICE doesn't host just any barista competition. Think grandstands, custom-made stage, clock countdowns, music, emcees, big screens, judges, baristas, and flashing cameras. The Australian Specialty Coffee Association (ASCA) Australian Coffee Championships are the pinnacle of barista talent, the ultimate showdown, the pièce de résistance, and the one event you want to win to ensure guaranteed bragging rights for an entire year.
Experience what coffee competitions are all about. Not only is there the coveted Pura and Dairy Farmers Barista Championship, but the Latte Art Championship, Brewers Cup, TCX Cup Tasters Championship, and and AMC Roasting Championship. The best of the best baristas in each category have been training months, if not years for their moment in the spotlight and the chance to represent Australia on the world stage.
The pressure is high and nerves are aplenty, but the one thing they need is your support.
With the #ASCAtop12 placings announced, choose your favourite barista to cheer on at the event. Wear branded t-shirts, hats, banners, signs, and flags. We're not joking. Do it.
Make sure your phone is in tiptop working order. Enough memory space? Room for a few hundred photos? You'd hate to be in that awkward position when you've just spotted 2015 World Barista Champion Sasa Sestic, he's agreed to a selfie, and the dreaded message "your memory is full" appears on your phone. Take all precautions. There will be some recharge stations to give your phone an extra boost, but personal rechargers are encouraged.
Charge your photo and get ready to snap and share your best pics Instagram pics to @melbournecoffeeexpo.
@internationalcoffeeexpo and #MICE2019 so we can follow the fun with you.
Instagramming tip: there will be plenty of photo wall opportunities to capture the perfect pic.
Preparing for MICE is not unlike preparing for a 14-course degustation at Melbourne's fine-dining institution Vue de Monde. If you've decided to indulge in a big breakfast with all the trimmings and back it up with a few frothies, pies, and sandwiches for lunch, you'll be struggling to make it past the fourth course.
Our advice for MICE: skip your first coffee of the day at your local café, or at home, and make it a memorable one at MICE. Not only are all the coffee tastings free (yes, it's included in your ticket price) but you can partake in all the coffee cuppings, samples, slurps, and swallows your taste buds can handle in every brew method imaginable from more than 10 different origins. Visit Roasters and Origin Alley, partake in a cupping room session, and try the brand new espresso bar for a traditional sample of what Melbourne's coffee culture started with – espresso.
As much as you can circle MCEC living off free coffee samples, soy drinks, milk creations, and the odd complementing bikkie, there will come a time you want to take a bag of delicious coffee home from a new discovery you "just have to have". We recommend a bit of extra cash or a card on hand for those indulging moments. Then there's food to consider.
As the show's official Providore Sponsor, ST. ALi will ensure its food experience is the best in town with Head Chef David Dobra whipping up some delectable menu items to mirror any of Melbourne's top dining experiences. Say goodbye to average expo food and hello to a mouthwatering food experience to rejuvenate your taste buds for an afternoon of coffee drinking.
MICE2019 is in the home straight until the doors open 10am on 7 February. With 95 per cent of the floor space sold, excitement building from exhibitors and attendees, all that's left to do is secure your ticket and start the countdown.
For more information on MICE2019 or to exhibit, contact MICE organisers at [email protected] or +61 3 9690 8766. | {
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Discuss natural history subjects not strictly related to birds. Reports of interesting mammal, reptile, and invertebrate sightings are welcome.
There is a news item reporting 90% death rate of deer in a recent study following a 1080 drop in Molesworth.
While it seem to have been done by Landcare - the methodology (aerial counts before and after) - seems a bit "loose" to me?
I could think of a number of variables that could influence aerial counts.
When DoC etc have done this with birds they have fitted tracking devices to individual birds to assess mortality.
While I'd certainly understand deer deaths - 90% seems very high?
This comes after a paper in the Ecology Journal noticed no reduction in deer encounters after 1080 drops in Sth Westland - completely different environments I know but..?
Death would be 100% not 90% for rats & possums & stoats & feral cats & feral dogs., for NZ native birds"s sake.
Jim, can you point me to something published on this? | {
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It is truly and honor and a pleasure to serve as your 39th Illustrious Commandress of Nabbar Court No. 123 for 2017. I sincerely thank you for entrusting and allowing me the opportunity to serve on the shoulders of the Past Commandresses who overlaid the foundation of this great organization. I salute you and I will strive to emulate, serve and lead Nabbar Court No. 123 to the best of my ability with integrity, unity and love.
This year will be filled with positivity and togetherness. We will charge ourselves to focus on our charitable works and this year's goals to support our youth and senior members, community service projects, focus on recruiting, reclaiming, retaining our membership and working together in peace and love for the benefit of Nabbar Court No. 123.
I applauded the works of our beloved court and encourage all you to continue to support and to be leaders as we strive to be models through our sacred obligations and oaths. I truly believe that there is "No Limits" to what Nabbar Court No. 123 can accomplish when we work together in UNITY and LOVE.
It's time for us to reach to the sky together where there are no limits and take Nabbar Court No. 123 to new heights!!!! | {
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Great news on the cannabis in Canada front.
The great news is for all those home growers with a green thumb. Cannabis is going to be legalized for recreational use this October 2018, and you will then be allowed to grow your own legal cannabis at home.
The federal government's proposed cannabis regulations allow Canadians to grow up to four marijuana plants at home. Medical marijuana users are already allowed to grow at home after a federal court ruled in 2016 that the government cannot ban patients from growing their own cannabis.
Each province will have the authority to impose some rules and restrictions on growing your own recreational legal cannabis at home, but they can't trump the federal government and ban home-gros all together in their province. The rules and restrictions are not clear yet from province to province, so make sure to stay up-to-date with the current regulations. You can stay up-to-date with the federal regulations at the government of Canada's page – Introduction to the Cannabis Act: Q&A, and provincially at CTV's page – A look at each province's rules for marijuana legalization.
So how do you grow your own legal cannabis at home?
Growing your own legal cannabis at home can be a relatively easy thing to accomplish if you want it to be, or you can get high-tech and set up a mini grow room and grow indoors. You can set up an elaborate hydroponic system with automatic watering and lighting or simply grow indoors using pots with natural or artificial light. You can also grow your cannabis outdoors at home in your garden or any fitting location on your property, it's inexpensive, with no special equipment needed. It all depends on how much effort you want to put into it and the quality of bud you prefer. Whatever option you go for, growing your own cannabis certainly is very enjoyable and highly rewarding (pun intended).
Here are the steps on how to grow cannabis outside.
Step 1: Select the right marijuana strain(s) suited for outdoor growing in your region.
Step 11: It's Harvest Time!
Herb.co covers each step listed above in more detail to help get you on your way to growing your own cannabis outdoors.
Here are the basics on how to grow cannabis at home indoors using artificial light and soil buckets.
If you decided to go a little high-tech and use artificial light, then High Times Magazine has a great article for you – The tools and information you need to grow your own cannabis indoors at home. The internet is loaded with great resources on how to grow cannabis for personal use, when researching be sure to follow the websites and brands you trust.
Finding Hydroponic Supplies and Cannabis Growing Equipment near me.
After cannabis in Canada becomes legal, the demand for Hydroponic Supplies and Cannabis Growing Equipment will rise significantly. Canadians will be taking up the hobby and rely on local hydroponic stores for not only their supplies and equipment but for their cannabis growing knowledge and expertise. This will be key for the store owners and their staff, so they can better serve their new and eager marijuana-loving customers.
We have listings for brick and motor hydroponic stores near you, and for online hydroponic shops who can have your cannabis growing supplies delivered right to your door anywhere in Canada.
Excellent article! Very informative, I am excited to start growing my own in my backyard and i have always been a big fan of outdoor. Thanks so much for posting this information budhub, great website too. So many strains on the market to choose from although I have my flavourites I still say give me that good dirt weed we used to get in high school with the seeds in it, still gives me the giggles..
Thanks for the good word. I remember the days when outdoor was big, memories indeed. | {
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ESPN's Wrexham FA Cup game to feature star talent
Vinicius gets revenge, Real Madrid advances in Copa del Rey
CONCACAF World Cup Qualifiers
U.S. offense dominant in explosive 5-1 win against Panama
by Kyle Fansler March 31, 2022 EST
Orlando (World Soccer Talk) — The U.S. and a dominant offense looked revamped on Sunday night following Thursday night's drab draw against its biggest rival, Mexico.
In Mexico City, the U.S. failed to convert several chances in front of goal at the Estadio Azteca. Now, the World Cup party is in full swing following a demolition of Panama in Orlando, 5-1.
Theoretically, the United States could still miss out on Qatar 2022. However, that would require a collapse even more dramatic than what happened back in 2017. As the table stands after 13 games, the United States sits in second place with 25 points. Mexico sits in third, also on 25. Meanwhile, Costa Rica's win over El Salvador puts the Ticos on 22 points.
Crucially, the U.S. holds a goal difference of 13, 10 goals more than Costa Rica.
Simply put, the U.S. has one foot in the group stages in Qatar. On Wednesday night in San Jose, the United States just has to manage the game. A win, draw or even loss puts the Stars and Stripes through.
In a losing effort, the USMNT can lose by five and still advance. A five-goal difference in defeat, in tandem with Mexico winning, puts the U.S. into the intercontinental playoff.
In FIFA World Cup Qualifying, the first tie breaker is goal difference, followed by total goals scored then head-to-head record.
One step from qualification
That is why the offensive bombardment from the U.S. Sunday night against Panama proves so crucial.
Had the U.S. only managed a one-goal win, Costa Rica enters the finale with a sense of hope. After all, the USMNT holds a winless record in World Cup qualifying against Costa Rica. However, the U.S. silenced that probability, even if it is still a miniscule possibility.
That being said, the USMNT had a 93% chance to qualify in 2017. Interestingly, that statistic arose after a 4-0 win in the second-to-last game of qualifying. Moreover, it came in Exploria Stadium, against Panama. A bad omen that it is this eerily similar?
U.S. offense dominant when it counts
Christian Pulisic scored the opener in that 2017 game, as he did from the penalty spot on Sunday night.
One of the most talented products to emerge from the United States carries the expectations of a country that has a rapidly growing soccer fan base. The face of the sport among USMNT supporters, he needed to step up when it mattered most.
Entering a game that many fans saw as a must-win, the American starlet converted a pair of first-half penalties. He capped off his hat trick with a silky touch and finish past Luis Mejia in the 65th minute.
Speaking about Sunday night's captain postgame, Berhalter mentioned how Pulisic filled all his roles against Panama.
"He was on the field when we didn't qualify. When I look at his performance, besides the three goals, everything else was in line. His work rate, intensity and leadership."
Equally important for a young USMNT squad, Pulisic came to the defense of his teammates against a staunch Panama side. Although he picked up a yellow card for dissent against Salvadorian referee Iván Barton, he shows leadership for the future generations of U.S. soccer.
It works well with his appearances on the scoresheet, which came in bunches on Sunday night.
Contrast from Thursday
Periods of the game transpired when Costa Rica maintained possession, holding off players like Pulisic, Jesus Ferreira and Paul Arriola in their press. In fact, Panama finished the game with 61% possession on the road, drawing 23 American fouls.
However, the USMNT was direct in its opportunities when the visitors presented them.
While capturing five goals, the USMNT mustered five shots on target. Of course, Panama helped create its own demise in part. Two penalties given away in silly fashion practically gift-wrapped two of Pulisic's goals.
Yet, Christian Pulisic, as well as other players, missed clear-cut opportunities against Mexico. This includes forcing Guillermo Ochoa into a save of what should be converted 10 times out of 10 by one of America's most prominent names.
Fans expected a bounce back, but not on the level that saw the U.S. offense dominant to the point it put this game to rest after 27 minutes.
It was far from a perfect game. Panama failed to capitalize on a number of errors among the USMNT back line. Some miscommunications between Zack Steffen and his center backs as well as the occasional spill from Steffen cracked the door for Panama. Eventually, a free kick from five yards outside the 18-yard box broke what would have been the USMNT's seventh shut out of this qualifying cycle.
Regardless, the Manchester City stopper, along with his MLS-based center backs Walker Zimmerman and Miles Robinson limited the visitors in their opportunities.
Something else to build off of is the performance of Luca de la Torre. While Pulisic grabs the headlines, de la Torre fit in to a midfield with Tyler Adams and Yunas Musah well. The 23-year-old only made his first start for the national team in February's 3-0 win against Honduras. His performance in linking a ruthless front three to a stalwart back line should be admired, especially considering the magnitude of this game.
Luca de la Torre, Paul Arriola and others proved crucial despite not being household names. Depth is key for this USMNT team, especially considering the injuries and runs of form with players. Gregg Berhalter says he has full confidence in players he calls into camp.
"We talked early on about the next an up mentality. We don't call people up unless we trust them. It's about maintaining a high level, and the national team can be difficult. I'm really pleased with guys like Luca, Gianluca Busio,… it makes a difference when you call on these guys to perform."
Costa Rica in the qualifying finale
The U.S. did not need a an offense dominant over Mexico. It would have been nice, considering the record in World Cup qualifying the Americans hold while visiting their southern neighbors.
The U.S. needed to have goals in this game. A win was paramount, but building on the goal differential puts the U.S. that much closer to Qatar.
Now, Gregg Berhalter has the option of solidifying his defense in Costa Rica. The U.S. does not need to win. The U.S. does not even need to draw. Rather, the U.S. must maintain a defense that prevents Wednesday's game from getting out of hand.
Do that much, and the U.S. goes to Qatar in November. A calamity like 2017 is not out of the question, but it would be perhaps even more unfathomable than what happened against Trinidad and Tobago.
Photo credit: Brad Smith/ISI Photos / Contributor
CONCACAF World Cup Qualifying
Exploria Stadium
Gregg Berhalter
Jesus Ferreira
ESPN is pulling out all the stops for this weekend's Wrexham FA Cup game. The Red Dragons host Sheffield United of the Championship in the FA Cup Fourth Round at the Racecourse Ground this Sunday at 11:30 AM ET. The game airs live on ESPN+. The rising Welsh club has had its share of memorable […]
Real Madrid came back to beat Atletico Madrid, 3-1, in the Copa del Rey quarterfinals on Thursday. The Madrid derby is historically one of the fiercest rivals in club soccer. Thursday's game didn't disappoint. The match featured three brilliant goals, as well as a red card. The pre-match hype for the massive match was marred […]
MLS needs to sign major player before MLS Season Pass
In the latest episode, we share inside details about MLS Season Pass, how HBO Max did in coverage of its USMNT debut, what we learned from our interviews with NBC at the Premier League Fan Fest, what two English teams are going to single handedly boost NBC's TV ratings, which European soccer league is the […]
US Postal Service to issue USWNT stamp for SheBelieves Cup
The United States Post Office will issue a commemorative stamp for the upcoming SheBelieves Cup and the USWNT. Along with the stamp, USPS is also currently selling a Field Notes notebook, envelopes, and pins featuring the special stamp design as well. "This new Forever stamp celebrates women's soccer in the United States," a statement by […] | {
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Ву́лиця Кудряшо́ва — назва вулиць у різних населених пунктах колишнього СРСР.
Вулиця Кудряшова — вулиця в місті Горлівка.
Вулиця Кудряшова — вулиця в місті Київ.
Вулиця Кудряшова — вулиця в місті Іваново.
Вулиці, названі на честь людей | {
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At last, 11 days after the election results came out, on 15th May 2018, Karnataka got its new Government with much drama and suspense.
Now is the time for sharing the spoils of election-war. Without wasting time, the top leaders engaged themselves in the Ministry formation exercise immediately after the Assembly was adjourned following the trust vote.
And look at the line-up of these top leaders. The Chief Minister H.D. Kumaraswamy, his brother H.D. Revanna, former Congress Chief Minister Siddharamaiah, AICC General Secretary in-charge of Karnataka K.C. Venugopal and the Deputy Chief Minister Dr. G. Parameshwara. Two from JD(S) (being brothers, a family affair) and three from the Congress.
In this meeting, JD(S) demanded five key portfolios, considered gold mines, namely Finance, Revenue, Water Resources (Irrigation, I guess), PWD and Energy. In the Siddharamaiah Government, Energy was held by the "Khalnayak" of Congress D.K. Shivakumar. You know what it means! During the election campaign I was returning from Bengaluru in my car and I saw some necks in the car in front craning backwards. I instinctively did the same and whom do I see? D.K. Shivakumar seated in the front seat of his BMW, Suv. I smiled at the "hero" (as mentioned by the Speaker yesterday in the Assembly) and he returned the smile as he drove past me. I wonder if he recognised me, having met him only twice before… Let it be.
The point to ponder here is that while the JD(S) could decide on their demands on the spot, the Congress members said they would discuss with the High Command in Delhi before taking a final decision. No wonder, our contributor Senior Journalist R.P. Jagadeesh had written only a few days back in this paper that henceforth Congress in Karnataka will have two High Commands. One, the Congress in Delhi and other the JD(S) in Bengaluru. How prophetic and how true!
Be that as it may, I am just wondering if all the MLAs of all the parties in the present Assembly are honourable. Obviously yes. Otherwise, how could they get the tickets to contest? The Representation of the People Act, which decides on the qualification of the candidates, must have ensured only the 'honourable' members are given ticket to contest the election. And here they are. Alleluia!!
However, I am left wondering how come BJP could rehabilitate the Reddy brothers of Ballari, who are accused of illegal mining and the Congress, not to be left behind, gave tickets to many tainted persons? May be because, in Karnataka, corruption has become a non-issue, as Justice Santosh Hegde, former Lokayukta, says. He must know. Hamam mein sab nange hain, in the bathroom all are naked.
Luckily, Siddharamaiah, who is now an MLA from Badami, has no cases against him. Not that he was a paragon of virtue, only he is intelligent and smart enough to get himself a clean chit while still in power. He was accused in the Arkavathy Layout re-modification scheme. He was accused of denotifying over 900 acres of land. Wah! Later a judicial inquiry cleared his name. Sadly, for B.S. Yeddyurappa, it was Lokayukta with a former Supreme Court Judge Santosh Hegde presiding over it became his nemesis and got himself damned and sent to jail because he was refused bail (at a time bail was a right). Lack of luck! These observations of mine do not mean I countenance corruption. It means all accused must be treated even-handedly by those who dispense justice.
Siddharamaiah was also caught in the snare of a Hublot Rs. 80 lakh super-luxury wrist watch which he received allegedly as a bribe! He managed to escape from the case claiming it to be a gift and in time, wisely, handed it over to the Assembly Speaker. No case could be filed even by the habitual PIL warriors! Alleluia again.
Lucky again. Bengaluru environmentalists and the concerned citizens were up in arms against Siddharamaiah and his Minister K.J. George about the steel flyover project to ease traffic to Kempegowda International Airport at Devanahalli. Kickback, screamed the well-meaning commuters of Bengaluru.
An alleged diary entry found during an IT raid at Congress MLC Govindaraj's house showed an entry that the party had received Rs. 65 crore kickback for construction of a steel flyover. The charge fizzled out as the steel flyover project itself was shelved. Siddu is indeed an honourable man.
As for Yeddyurappa, who like Hamlet is a tragic hero of Karnataka politics, there is no corruption case pending against him. However, appeals against the Lower Courts' decisions clearing him are pending before the Supreme Court. Any adverse decision there would lead to 20 cases of corruption being reopened. Considering this, I guess that he must have been a soft-target for the habitual PIL warriors. Wonder, how he could make himself so vulnerable being in public life when others like Siddharamaiah could play the game as a winner!
Then there is D.K. Shivakumar, a potential future Chief Minister of Karnataka, against whom an IT raid was held in August 2017 and the case is now before the ED. There were some forest land-grabbing cases also but they were probably politically motivated ones. So he is an honourable man too.
Likewise, we have our honourable men in our Assembly representing us to serve all the people of Karnataka to lead a prosperous, happy and peaceful life for another five years, hopefully.
Best of luck to Congress-JD(S) coalition Government. BJP can now go into a silent-mode till 2019.
The post Karnataka's Honourable MLAs All appeared first on Star of Mysore. | {
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Baldo-Ceolin M., Barmin V. V., Barylov V. G., Davidenko G. V., Demidov V. S., Dolgolenko A. G., Calimani E., Mattioli F., Meshkovskii A. G., Miari G., Okun' L. B., Skonza A., Ciampolillo S., Chuvilo I. V., Shebanov V. A.
The Bell-Steinberger unitarity relation is used along with the experimental data available to calculate the parameter of the CPT violation, Δ, and that of the Τ violation, e, in the decays of К 0 mesons. It is shown that if the CP violation in three-pion decays of K° mesons is not greater than in two-pion decays, then the parameters ReA and ImA differ from zero by two standard deviations. | {
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Get the jump on our latest posters...
Home AFL Other Sports Cart
2014 Premiership Prints
Home » St Kilda » St Kilda - Chromosome
St Kilda - Chromosome
Sorry, this print is no longer available.
For some families, it's the nose or the ears that go from generation to generation. But for football families, it's also the team that gets passed down from parent to child to grandchild. When it's a family thing, there's no draft picks, no free agency, no three-way deal that sees you end up halfway across the country. There's only the team you were born with, and the team that'll you'll die with. The team that you'll leave to your kids - St Kilda.
Just in case you haven't worked it out yet, the poster shows a full set of human chromosomes.
Size: Approx 61cm by 43cm (Fits in a standard A2 Frame). More about size.
Framing: We recommend you buy the print unframed. More about framing.
Print Type: Giclee Print. Canson Edition Etching Rag 310gsm (Just in case you like to know those sort of things).
from $190.00 St Kilda - 1966
$190.00 St Kilda - A History
from $190.00 St Kilda - Dammit
from $190.00 St Kilda - Hand on Heart
from $190.00 St Kilda - Skipping Girl
Follow the Game
No Longer Official AFL
The Art of the Game crew has made the hard decision to let our AFL licence go while we work on some other projects. We've left our AFL prints up for you to enjoy, but they're no longer available to buy. Thanks to the AFL for their fantastic support over the past few years.
Richmond Supporters Gain Momentum13 August, 2014 Finals are definitely around the corner.... show cartoon
World Cup Schedule Fever15 June, 2014 The highly caffeniated fun of the World Cup is upon us again.... show cartoon
Port on Top14 May, 2014 Port Adelaide is now sitting one game clear on top of the ladder... show cartoon
Copyright © 2021 The Art of the Game. All Rights Reserved. | {
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escape from prison, one corridor at a time. In each level, one guard will have a key icon over his head. Take him down and swipe his key to unlock the exit, then make your way to the door.
How to play & walkthrough: Arrow keys - To move and jump. Z - To shoot.
Escape from the Cube is a free online action, escape, jumping, obstacle, platforms, shoot 'em up game. You can play online games and find a lot of action, jumping, obstacle, platforms, shoot 'em up, cube games in different category like games and more.
Free Online Games at PlayBestFreeOnlineGames.com Copyright © 2010-2019 Play Escape from the Cube Games. | {
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Home / Camo scrubs / Easy Style Tips for Rocking Boys Camouflage Clothing
Easy Style Tips for Rocking Boys Camouflage Clothing
Camo scrubs
Camouflage ties
While the fashion industry is known for being incredibly fickle, there are some staples that will simply never go out of style. The little black dress, a killer pair of pumps, denim jeans, and now camouflage clothing for men and women are fashion and style must-haves.
So how did camouflage clothes comes to enter — and dominate — the fashion foray? Plants and animals have long used camouflage in order to achieve a state of cypsis, allowing them to go undetected by both predators and prey by blending into their natural surroundings. Taking a cue for the natural world, during World War II the French military commissioned two artists to design a pattern which would conceal their troops and gear from opposing forces. Shortly after, the United States military and armies across the globe followed suite.
However, it was until the late 1960's and early 1970's that camouflage began garnering more attention as returning Vietnam veterans began protesting the war effort while donning their camouflage fatigues. By the 1980's and early 90's, camo clothing found it's niche within the grunge, punk, and alternative movements. Fast forward to today, and camouflage is spread out among several different fashion genres.
Men and boys camouflage clothing is particularly popular. Unlike animal prints and floral patterns that can be difficult to style (especially for men), boys camouflage clothing can easily be paired with a number of other fashion staples.
When styling boys camouflage clothing, it's best to keep it simple. Use colors and shades from the camouflage pattern in order to create a polished, cohesive, and put-together look. For example, navy blue camouflage typically consists of dark shades of blue, grey, black, and perhaps white. Using these colors, one can style a blue camouflage jacket with a black t shirt, dark jeans, and a grey knit hat. Military-inspired boots can complete the look.
while it many seem ironic that budding fashionistas, celebrities, and other camo fans are using camouflage to stand out instead of to blend in, its appeal is undeniable.
translate to french to english
best escort in | {
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Say No to Post-Holiday Blues!
So I woke up yesterday around 9:30 a.m., New Year's Day, and decided I wanted a steaming hot cup of coffee and not the budget coffee I had in my fridge so I set out to take a walk up the street and cop a cup. Unfortunately the coffee was disappointing but my walk was quite the opposite yielding an abandoned trail of New Year's Eve detritus. As I walked I looked at the Christmas holly and wreaths wrapped in string lights, now impotent in the bright sunlight of the day without the benefit of the night sky to highlight their twinkle and felt that familiar surge of wistfulness that always steps on the heels of the passing holiday season making one wonder, 'where did the time go?' While I felt myself heading for the slippery slope that is the post-holiday blues, sunlight caught an object on the ground reflecting directly into my eyes drawing my gaze to the ground where I noticed a foil-silver rosette attached to a headband (pictured above). I smiled trying to imagine who wore this fanciful headband and wondering if the party she attended was the New Year's Eve of movies (always fabulous in the end). I snatched my phone out of my pocket and snapped a picture, blues crisis temporarily averted; I now had a new project called 'signs of a party or partying'. I kept my eyes glued to the ground looking for more abandoned stuff, all I saw was half a slice of pizza with jagged teeth marks on the end like someone clearly drunk and ravenous had attacked the slice due to the uninspired buffet at the overpriced New Year's Eve party. My theory might be flawed though because if I was ravenous because I was drunk I would have eviscerated that pizza. As I bypassed the pizza, I looked up and noticed a couple holding hands, each had a cup of coffee and were leaned in on each other in an intimate conversation, I wondered what their New Year's Eve story was. I decided due to the early hours (it was 10 a.m. after all) and their fresh-faced, non-haggard demeanor they must have gone to an intimate gathering with good friends, where the need to siphon liquor like you may never drink again isn't necessary. By this time I made it to my destination, grabbed my coffee and set off back home rejuvenated and ready to go ahead and tackle the first day of the new year starting with taking down my Christmas directions. Fortified by coffee I put away my Charlie Brown Christmas tree, took down my cards saving those with a personal message, and cleared my bookcase of random Christmas knick knacks. To be honest, I was surprised I no longer had pangs of wistfulness at a holiday season already in my rear-view, but in my spirit I really believe 2012 is going to be a year of positive transition for me and hopefully my family. I'm signing off now so I can thoroughly enjoy the remainder of my vacation which ends at bedtime tonight…now that is some blues for you BUT I will resist the urge to go there! Now where's the rest of my champagne?
Previous PostPrevious Cheers to the New Year! | {
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