Na0s/Next_Token_Prediction_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Klopp has been at Liverpool for three years now. Mike Nevin takes a look at the challenge he faces to deliver a league title in his time at Anfield. With Liverpool having enjoyed a club record-breaking start to the season, and with the Reds contesting the leadership after an unbeaten eight-match run, he remains on course to keep his brave promise. However, since the German succeeded Brendan Rodgers the Premier League bar has been raised significantly and the challenge of ending what will be a 29 year wait by next May is still one which would faze all but the most genial of leaders. What Klopp wouldn't give for a league as wide open as the contest he was parachuted into during his debut season in 2015-2016. Leicester City's triumph. A feat which seems all the more miraculous with each passing year, was achieved with a return of a mere 81 points while the German was still wading through the flotsam of Rodgers' failure to arrest rapid decline; following the heartbreak of his own title near-miss, the departure of Luis Suarez and the dying of the light of Steven Gerrard. In subsequent seasons, Chelsea's 93-point haul and Manchester City's breaching of the 100-point barrier for the first time in history has made Jurgen's task to deliver on his pledge an enormous one. In the eyes of most Liverpool fans, Klopp can do no wrong but even with such an assured beginning to this campaign, there's an acceptance that to win the title not a single foot can afford to be placed out of step. In a similar vein Rafa Benitez, faced with a budget and squad inferior to his own rivals, bemoaned that his Liverpool had to be "almost perfect". The more things change, the more they stay the same. However, Klopp – unlike Benitez – still enjoys the unconditional support of the fan-base. Liverpool fans are happy to wait for this love affair to be consummated. This is where his charisma, his overtly passionate persona, his touchline demeanour and a heart clearly worn on the sleeve continues to buys him time and good will. In a recent interview, he confirmed as much by saying "I have put everything I have – my knowledge, passion, heart, experience – into Liverpool." Not a single supporter would deny him that. With Liverpool languishing in tenth place when he took over in 2015, successive fourth-placed finishes since, a return to regular Champions League football and a sprint from the blocks this time around is a measure of the huge strides the team has made under his tutelage. Reaching a European Cup Final (below) was a feather in his cap, as was the swashbuckling manner of the passage to Kiev, but Loris Karius's double aberration meant no coronation. Sadly for Klopp, the inertia on the Anfield goalkeeper front over an extended period and misplaced faith in his compatriot is a mistake he probably lays at his own door. When Klopp talks of experience, some of his education has been gleaned on site – at Anfield. While he remains true to his word on the fitness levels required of Liverpool players to operate with the intensity he demands, his stance on recruitment has seen some shifting sands. First he spoke mostly of development and coaching but a gradual dawning on the standard of opposition in the upper echelons of the league has seen the alchemist meet realist. In spending record fees on Alisson Becker and Virgil Van Dijk, Klopp has shown a novel willingness to wave the cheque book when required and, unsurprisingly, the acquisition of true quality has revolutionised his team's defensive capabilities. While supporters wait with baited breath for a first trophy, they are soothed and encouraged by the belligerence of Klopp's football. His construction of a strike-force that is now the envy of Europe is testament to his flexibility, philosophy and vision. Prior to Klopp's arrival, Roberto Firmino – a player he admired at Hoffenheim – was failing to justify the hype surrounding his signing by Rodgers; the ability to forage relentlessly, snap at heels and be the fulcrum of attack as yet unseen. Sadio Mane, although an exciting speedster at Southampton, was hardly viewed as a consistent performer and Mohammed Salah, despite an encouraging spell at Roma, had been something of an unfulfilled punt at Chelsea. Individually, they were disparate unproven prospects until moulded together into a pulverising unit. Last season – Klopp's third in charge – the trio, married together for the first time, bagged 91 goals between them. So far this time around they haven't quite hit those heights and yet – with the Reds' found solidity – Liverpool still sit near the top of the pile. Crucially though, Klopp's front three remain key to the manager's quest; a mission to be nigh-on faultless in the league, to break new barriers; to make history in keeping with the adulation afforded to him.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	8,562	[ 128000, 42, 385, 604, 706, 1027, 520, 25715, 369, 2380, 1667, 1457, 13, 11519, 4275, 9799, 5097, 264, 1427, 520, 279, 8815, 568, 12580, 311, 6493, 264, 10966, 2316, 304, 813, 892, 520, 1556, 2630, 627, 2409, 25715, 3515, 14333, 264, 6469, 3335, 55407, 1212, 311, 279, 3280, 11, 323, 449, 279, 55908, 14130, 287, 279, 11692, 1306, 459, 66671, 13827, 8223, 46804, 1629, 11, 568, 8625, 389, 3388, 311, 2567, 813, 34300, 11471, 13, 4452, 11, 2533, 279, 6063, 26399, 56943, 50117, 279, 20210, 9130, 3703, 706, 1027, 9408, 12207, 323, 279, 8815, 315, 13696, 1148, 690, 387, 264, 220, 1682, 1060, 3868, 555, 1828, 3297, 374, 2103, 832, 902, 1053, 282, 10033, 682, 719, 279, 1455, 4173, 532, 315, 6164, 627, 3923, 94931, 8434, 956, 3041 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 42, 385, 604, 706, 1027, 520, 25715, 369, 2380, 1667, 1457, 13, 11519, 4275, 9799, 5097, 264, 1427, 520, 279, 8815, 568, 12580, 311, 6493, 264, 10966, 2316, 304, 813, 892, 520, 1556, 2630, 627, 2409, 25715, 3515, 14333, 264, 6469, 3335, 55407, 1212, 311, 279, 3280, 11, 323, 449, 279, 55908, 14130, 287, 279, 11692, 1306, 459, 66671, 13827, 8223, 46804, 1629, 11, 568, 8625, 389, 3388, 311, 2567, 813, 34300, 11471, 13, 4452, 11, 2533, 279, 6063, 26399, 56943, 50117, 279, 20210, 9130, 3703, 706, 1027, 9408, 12207, 323, 279, 8815, 315, 13696, 1148, 690, 387, 264, 220, 1682, 1060, 3868, 555, 1828, 3297, 374, 2103, 832, 902, 1053, 282, 10033, 682, 719, 279, 1455, 4173, 532, 315, 6164, 627, 3923, 94931, 8434, 956, 3041, -100 ]
Gymnastics is one of the most comprehensive lifestyle exercise programs, incorporating strength, flexibility, speed, balance, coordination, power and discipline. Your child can develop sport-specific skills in an environment that focuses on teamwork, sportsmanship, caring, honesty, respect and responsibility. Our well-trained instructors, coaches and directors will lead your child through the steps from the infant exploration stage to the complex skills needed to compete, not forgetting to have fun along the way. Our YMCA Gymnastics has a 28-year history and an impressive legacy of operating exceptional gymnastics programs for beginner through high school/college aged competitive gymnasts! Regarded as one of the top YMCA programs in the country, your child will benefit from enrolling in any of the gymnastic center classes and participating in open workouts, camps and clinics! Come and join your friends for these theme-based gymnastics parties. Use your imagination, eat a healthy snack for energy and stay fit doing a lot of flipping fun! Fee is per day. Please register at least 24 hours in advance. Includes one hour of gymnastics or parkour and one hour in a reserved party area. For more information, please call 920-451-8000 and ask for Jill Tenpas for Gymnastics.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	381	[ 128000, 38, 1631, 77, 39171, 374, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 16195, 19433, 10368, 7620, 11, 52913, 8333, 11, 25152, 11, 4732, 11, 8335, 11, 38793, 11, 2410, 323, 26434, 13, 4718, 1716, 649, 2274, 10775, 19440, 7512, 304, 459, 4676, 430, 24400, 389, 84633, 11, 10034, 58832, 11, 30598, 11, 48948, 11, 5201, 323, 12014, 13, 5751, 1664, 70024, 54918, 11, 24909, 323, 28454, 690, 3063, 701, 1716, 1555, 279, 7504, 505, 279, 31383, 27501, 6566, 311, 279, 6485, 7512, 4460, 311, 20874, 11, 539, 66127, 311, 617, 2523, 3235, 279, 1648, 627, 8140, 85545, 5158, 46631, 77, 39171, 706, 264, 220, 1591, 4771, 3925, 323, 459, 16358, 20160, 315, 10565, 25363, 70221, 39171, 7620, 369, 50048, 1555, 1579, 2978, 14, 68534, 20330, 15022, 70221, 12019, 0, 3263 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 38, 1631, 77, 39171, 374, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 16195, 19433, 10368, 7620, 11, 52913, 8333, 11, 25152, 11, 4732, 11, 8335, 11, 38793, 11, 2410, 323, 26434, 13, 4718, 1716, 649, 2274, 10775, 19440, 7512, 304, 459, 4676, 430, 24400, 389, 84633, 11, 10034, 58832, 11, 30598, 11, 48948, 11, 5201, 323, 12014, 13, 5751, 1664, 70024, 54918, 11, 24909, 323, 28454, 690, 3063, 701, 1716, 1555, 279, 7504, 505, 279, 31383, 27501, 6566, 311, 279, 6485, 7512, 4460, 311, 20874, 11, 539, 66127, 311, 617, 2523, 3235, 279, 1648, 627, 8140, 85545, 5158, 46631, 77, 39171, 706, 264, 220, 1591, 4771, 3925, 323, 459, 16358, 20160, 315, 10565, 25363, 70221, 39171, 7620, 369, 50048, 1555, 1579, 2978, 14, 68534, 20330, 15022, 70221, 12019, 0, 3263, -100 ]
Q: Python - checking if graph is connected - unexpected loop behavior I am coding graph objects (vertex, edge, graph) in Python. I have a random_graph method which takes a list of vertices, and for each pair of vertices it places an edge between them with probability p. I have a is_connected method which returns whether or not a graph is connected. I want to know the probability that a graph will be connected, given that it has n vertices and used probability p for random generation. This can be found without code, but I want to also calculate this experimentally with code, by generating a bunch of random graphs and seeing how many of them are connected. Everything seems to work fine when I do this once: create a random graph and then check if it is connected. For example, I run the file over and over with probability 0.95 and every time it tells me the graph is connected, as it should with high probability. The problem is that when I put this same code into a loop to run it many times, the behavior changes. When in a loop, the (0-indexed) 3rd and 9th iteration print out that the graph is not connected. Below is all my code, including play.py in both forms (non-loop which works and loop which gives the weird behavior): *** play.py (non-loop, works) * from vertex import SimpleVertex from edge import SimpleEdge from graph import SimpleGraph vertices = [] for i in xrange(10): vertices.append(SimpleVertex('v'+str(i), i)) g = SimpleGraph.random_graph(vertices, p=1) res = g.breadth_first_search(vertices[0]) print 'g is connected:' print g.is_connected() * play.py (loop, weird behavior) * from vertex import SimpleVertex from edge import SimpleEdge from graph import SimpleGraph for j in range(10): vertices = [] for i in xrange(10): vertices.append(SimpleVertex('v'+str(i), i)) g = SimpleGraph.random_graph(vertices, p=1) res = g.breadth_first_search(vertices[0]) print 'g is connected:' print g.is_connected() * edge.py * class SimpleEdge(object): """ Base class for edges of graphs with no concept of direction """ def __init__(self, v1, v2): if v1 == v2: raise Exception("Cannot make edge from " + str(v1) + " to itself.") self.vertices = {v1, v2} def __str__(self): vertices = list(self.vertices) return "Edge(%s, %s)" % (vertices[0], vertices[1]) def __eq__(self, other): return self.vertices == other.vertices * vertex.py * from edge import SimpleEdge class SimpleVertex(object): """ Base class for vertices of graphs with no concept of direction """ def __init__(self, name='', vid=None): self.name = name self.vid = vid if vid is not None else id(self) self.edges = [] def __str__(self): display = self.name if self.name else self.vid return "Vertex(%s)" % display def __eq__(self, other): return self.vid == other.vid def has_edge(self, edge): """ Checks if a certain edge already exists on this vertex """ return edge in self.edges def add_edge(self, other): """ Adds an edge from this vertex to another vertex """ edge = SimpleEdge(self, other) if self.has_edge(edge) or other.has_edge(edge): raise Exception(str(edge) + " already exists.") self.edges.append(edge) other.edges.append(edge) return edge def neighbors(self): """ List of vertices adjacent to this vertex """ neighbors = [] for edge in self.edges: vertices = edge.vertices for vertex in vertices: if vertex != self: neighbors.append(vertex) return neighbors def degree(self): """ Number of neighbors this vertex has """ return len(self.neighbors()) def breadth_first_search(self, goal=None): """ Beginning at this vertex, perform breadth-first search to find the distance, in edges, to either some goal vertex or all vertices reachable from this vertex """ vertex_queue = [(self, 0)] seen_so_far = set([self]) dists = {} # handle each vertex until there are no vertices left to check while vertex_queue: next_vertex, current_dist = vertex_queue.pop(0) # if searching for a specific vertex, check if this is it if goal is not None and next_vertex == goal: return current_dist # if this is the first time seeing this vertex, store its dist if next_vertex not in dists: dists[next_vertex] = current_dist # put this vertex's neighbors onto the back of the queue new_dist = current_dist + 1 for n in next_vertex.neighbors(): if n not in seen_so_far: vertex_queue.append((n, new_dist)) seen_so_far.add(n) # if searching for a specific vertex, it was not reachable if goal is not None: return -1 return dists * graph.py *** from edge import SimpleEdge, DirectedEdge import random class SimpleGraph(object): """ Base class for graphs with no concept of direction """ def __init__(self): self.vertices = set() self.edges = set() def __str__(self): vertices_str = ", ".join([str(vertex) for vertex in self.vertices]) edges_str = ", ".join([str(edge) for edge in self.edges]) return "Vertices: %s\nEdges: %s" % (vertices_str, edges_str) def num_vertices(self): """ Number of vertices in this graph """ return len(self.vertices) def num_edges(self): """ Number of edges in this graph """ return len(self.edges) def has_vertex(self, vertex): """ Checks if a certain vertex already exists in this graph """ return vertex in self.vertices def has_edge(self, edge): """ Checks if a certain edge already exists in this graph """ return edge in self.edges def add_vertex(self, vertex): """ Adds a vertex to this graph """ if vertex.degree(): raise Exception(str(vertex) + " has neighbors.") if self.has_vertex(vertex): raise Exception(str(vertex) + " already exists.") self.vertices.add(vertex) return vertex def add_edge(self, v1, v2): """ Adds an edge between two vertices in this graph """ edge = SimpleEdge(v1, v2) if self.has_edge(edge): raise Exception(str(edge) + " already exists.") self.edges.add(v1.add_edge(v2)) return edge def average_degree(self): """ Average number of neighbors vertices in this graph have """ if not self.num_vertices: return 0 return 2.0 * self.num_edges() / self.num_vertices() @classmethod def random_graph(cls, vertices, p=0.5): """ Generate a graph using a set of vertices where each pair of vertices has some probability of having an edge between them """ graph = cls() for v1 in vertices: graph.add_vertex(v1) for v2 in graph.vertices: if v1 > v2 and random.random() < p: graph.add_edge(v1, v2) return graph @classmethod def complete_graph(cls, vertices): """ Generate a graph with all possible edges using a set of vertices """ return cls.random_graph(vertices, p=1.0) def breadth_first_search(self, start, goal=None): """ Beginning at some vertex, perform breadth-first search to find the distance, in edges, to either some goal vertex or all vertices """ # perform breadth-frist search starting from the specified vertex result = start.breadth_first_search(goal) if goal is not None: return result # for all the unreachable vertices, add them to the result for vertex in self.vertices: if vertex not in result: result[vertex] = -1 return result def is_connected(self): """ Checks if this graph has a path from any vertex to any other vertex """ dists = self.breadth_first_search(list(self.vertices)[0]) return all([dists[dist] >= 0 for dist in dists]) A: Your comparison of v1 and v2 in SimpleGraph.random_graph is comparing based upon the id of the class, which is probably not what you want. Adding the following method to SimpleVertex fixes the problem: def __lt__(self, other): return self.vid < other.vid	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange" }	1,402	[ 128000, 48, 25, 13325, 482, 13598, 422, 4876, 374, 8599, 482, 16907, 6471, 7865, 358, 1097, 11058, 4876, 6302, 320, 12356, 11, 6964, 11, 4876, 8, 304, 13325, 13, 358, 617, 264, 4288, 15080, 1749, 902, 5097, 264, 1160, 315, 17672, 11, 323, 369, 1855, 6857, 315, 17672, 433, 7634, 459, 6964, 1990, 1124, 449, 19463, 281, 13, 358, 617, 264, 374, 44376, 1749, 902, 4780, 3508, 477, 539, 264, 4876, 374, 8599, 627, 40, 1390, 311, 1440, 279, 19463, 430, 264, 4876, 690, 387, 8599, 11, 2728, 430, 433, 706, 308, 17672, 323, 1511, 19463, 281, 369, 4288, 9659, 13, 1115, 649, 387, 1766, 2085, 2082, 11, 719, 358, 1390, 311, 1101, 11294, 420, 9526, 750, 449, 2082, 11, 555, 24038, 264, 15860, 315, 4288, 40099, 323 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 48, 25, 13325, 482, 13598, 422, 4876, 374, 8599, 482, 16907, 6471, 7865, 358, 1097, 11058, 4876, 6302, 320, 12356, 11, 6964, 11, 4876, 8, 304, 13325, 13, 358, 617, 264, 4288, 15080, 1749, 902, 5097, 264, 1160, 315, 17672, 11, 323, 369, 1855, 6857, 315, 17672, 433, 7634, 459, 6964, 1990, 1124, 449, 19463, 281, 13, 358, 617, 264, 374, 44376, 1749, 902, 4780, 3508, 477, 539, 264, 4876, 374, 8599, 627, 40, 1390, 311, 1440, 279, 19463, 430, 264, 4876, 690, 387, 8599, 11, 2728, 430, 433, 706, 308, 17672, 323, 1511, 19463, 281, 369, 4288, 9659, 13, 1115, 649, 387, 1766, 2085, 2082, 11, 719, 358, 1390, 311, 1101, 11294, 420, 9526, 750, 449, 2082, 11, 555, 24038, 264, 15860, 315, 4288, 40099, 323, -100 ]
Your home is your haven, the place you come back to after a hard days work to unwind and destress. It's the place you come to as a solace from the outside world. However, if you have been feeling unwell recently, your home may be the problem. Rather than blaming your infections or illnesses on the weather, your colleagues at work, or the kids bringing home numerous sickness from their schoolmates, there may be issues within your four walls that are the cause of your health problems. In this article, we will look at some of the common reasons our homes can make us ill. In some cases, you will need to consider repairs, such as from your local handyman or a property management company if you rent (see page). You may need to change the way you live too, and make alterations to your property. Your health matters, after all, so it's important to take steps to remedy any prevailing issues. Particularly if you have a family living under the roof with you, there will be some level of noise and clutter invading your living space. For some people, this is fine. For others it can be a nightmare, and can add to stress levels. As well as the mental effects of stress, there are the physical symptoms too, such as fatigue, high blood pressure, and tension headaches. Tip: Declutter the house of stuff by adding to your storage space, or selling items that are no longer needed. Then instigate a few rules. You deserve to live in an uncluttered house, so get your family involved with the household chores. You deserve some level of peace and quiet too, so encourage your family to practice quiet behavior, and find room in your home to escape to for your quiet sanctuary. By appliances, we are talking about a broken freezer, refrigerator or cooking appliances. Considering food needs to be stored and cooked safely, you are in danger of food poisoning if your appliances aren't up to scratch anymore. Tip: Check the temperatures on your fridge and refrigerator and make sure they are operating at the right temperatures. Give your refrigerator a good clean too, making sure there are no spillages or dirt that could cause bacteria to grow. Do the same with your other appliances, including the microwave, blender, and your regular oven. If you discover that any of your appliances aren't operating correctly, it is time to replace them with something new. Your aircon needs to work at optimum level, cooling your home in the warmer months and heating things up when the temperature drops. If you have been suffering from colds and other respiratory illnesses, there may be issues within the air-conditioning. Tip: The aircon may not be working at all, in which case, you do need to get it fixed. On the other hand, it may need a good cleaning. While it may be warming and cooling the air as appropriate, there may be traces of water left in the ducts that have formed a breeding ground for bacterial growth, such as mold. You will need to get the professionals in to carry out the work safely and thoroughly, in either case. There are all kinds of areas where water leaks can enter your property. There may be gaps in your roof, around your windows and doors, and on walls that have suffered structural damage. Then there is the pipe work, especially in your bathroom and kitchen areas, where leaks may be present. You should also consider the issue of condensation, which is the buildup of water in rooms with poor ventilation. In all cases, the risk of damp and mold is high, causing respiratory illnesses and headaches. Tip: Check everywhere around your home for signs of a leak. This includes each room in your home, as well as hidden pipework and the roof. You should also look out for the telltale signs of mold and damp, noticeable in both look and smell when you walk into the affected room. If you aren't sufficiently trained, don't carry out any maintenance work yourself. Call a plumber or roofer to deal with any issues, and then damp proof your walls in problem areas to alleviate further issues. Oh, and remember to open your windows in both your bathroom and kitchen, or renovate those rooms with added ventilation sources. These microscopic bugs thrive on commonly used furniture because of the humidity of our bodies. Your favorite sofa is one such spot for these pesky miscreants, and so is your bed and pillows. For many people, dust mites aren't a huge problem. However, for those who are susceptible to allergies and asthma, dust mites can be the trigger for the symptoms related to these health issues. You can't see them so swatting them isn't the answer, but there are other ways to get rid of them. Tip: Quite simply, keep on top of the housework. The more vacuuming and dusting you do around the house, the less chance there is for dust mites to thrive in any great number. You should also wash your bed sheets, pillowcases and towels on a weekly basis in very hot water, and then hang them out to thoroughly dry. The hot temperature will kill off the mites, and regular washing will keep them at bay. Another practical solution is to purchase specially designed covers for your pillows and mattress, encasing your bedding with protection to keep those blasted mites out. By cleaning your home regularly and keeping on top of any repair jobs around your property, you will reduce the risk of your home making you ill. Getting your family to follow a few simple habits will help as well, from cleanliness and good hygiene to having quiet time to give you a break for your sanity levels. Let us know if you have any other tips of your own. Thanks for reading! omg this post is so interesting!! Thanks for sharing this important information. Cleaning appliances is something I need to do asap. Wow – I'm reading this as I'm actually home in bed struggling with sickness (I've had to call in sick from work for the past 3 days ahah!) Great tips! This is a pretty interesting post. I never thought your home could get you sick, but i guess it can.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	5,180	[ 128000, 7927, 2162, 374, 701, 9167, 11, 279, 2035, 499, 2586, 1203, 311, 1306, 264, 2653, 2919, 990, 311, 82610, 323, 3281, 676, 13, 1102, 596, 279, 2035, 499, 2586, 311, 439, 264, 2092, 580, 505, 279, 4994, 1917, 13, 4452, 11, 422, 499, 617, 1027, 8430, 653, 9336, 6051, 11, 701, 2162, 1253, 387, 279, 3575, 13, 26848, 1109, 59771, 701, 30020, 477, 49909, 389, 279, 9282, 11, 701, 18105, 520, 990, 11, 477, 279, 6980, 12967, 2162, 12387, 54950, 505, 872, 2978, 16862, 11, 1070, 1253, 387, 4819, 2949, 701, 3116, 14620, 430, 527, 279, 5353, 315, 701, 2890, 5435, 627, 644, 420, 4652, 11, 584, 690, 1427, 520, 1063, 315, 279, 4279, 8125, 1057, 10632, 649, 1304, 603, 5986, 13, 763, 1063, 5157, 11, 499 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 7927, 2162, 374, 701, 9167, 11, 279, 2035, 499, 2586, 1203, 311, 1306, 264, 2653, 2919, 990, 311, 82610, 323, 3281, 676, 13, 1102, 596, 279, 2035, 499, 2586, 311, 439, 264, 2092, 580, 505, 279, 4994, 1917, 13, 4452, 11, 422, 499, 617, 1027, 8430, 653, 9336, 6051, 11, 701, 2162, 1253, 387, 279, 3575, 13, 26848, 1109, 59771, 701, 30020, 477, 49909, 389, 279, 9282, 11, 701, 18105, 520, 990, 11, 477, 279, 6980, 12967, 2162, 12387, 54950, 505, 872, 2978, 16862, 11, 1070, 1253, 387, 4819, 2949, 701, 3116, 14620, 430, 527, 279, 5353, 315, 701, 2890, 5435, 627, 644, 420, 4652, 11, 584, 690, 1427, 520, 1063, 315, 279, 4279, 8125, 1057, 10632, 649, 1304, 603, 5986, 13, 763, 1063, 5157, 11, 499, -100 ]
NO Right Turn is truly an idiot today, and way off the mark The anonymous blogger at NO Right Turn does not appear to have had a decent coffee after getting up this afternoon. He has a few clues on most things, and is one of the better bloggers around, but on the subject of the upcoming referendum on physical discipline he is just plain pig-ignorant, and lets himself down. Why? He claims that people like Jimmy Mason, who punched his kid in the face, and a person who beat her young son with a soup ladle – and not only beat her, but bruised him all over his body would have been able to successfully claim a reasonable force defence had the law on parental discipline not been changed. This is just a stupid claim to make. Never mind that, like most irrational people, he does not see the difference between a beating when a kid is cowering on the floor and a light smack for correction. But you think he'd criticise CYFS for supporting bail for the parent. But no, he doesn't. Furthermore, he says that anybody who supports a defence of reasonable force for correction are people who wish to abuse children themselves. It is irrelevant to him that any defence – if used - would fail in cases like this every time and that no lawyer would even suggest such a defence. I don't particularly like the referendum question, and was very tempted to cross out both options or not vote at all, but this kind of misinformation has made me determined to vote NO. So, after reading this post I have today decided that I am going to vote NO at the referendum next month. I encourage you to read the post at NO Right Turn too and vote NO also. The forms should be out this week. I'm voting NO not because I think a smack as part of good parental correction should not be a criminal offence in New Zealand, not because parents should have a choice in whether to lightly smack naughty kids, but because I am making a stand against misinformation from people who should know better. Labels: referendum, s59 Tim Selwyn said... I don't recall exactly what I/S said but I think he means it would have been possible to raise the defence - not necessarily that it would have been successful. Swimming said... If there is no chance of a legal being sucessful it is a bit silly to suggest the possibility of raising it. The success of such a defence would be no different if the charge was assault with intent to injure. so why even bring the possibility of raising the defence into the discussion,given that a beating like that is not reasonable force for the purposes of correction? Good on ya mate. That's what the jury decides. The fact they can run that defence at all could be said to be prejudicial. The jury decides what? Whether the defence should be used in a child abuse case or whether it should be upheld. Surely you don't mean the former, and I hope you don't mean the latter. The jury doesn't get an opportunity to decide and rightly so. Running a defence of reasonable force in a child abuse case is akin to putting water, rather than petrol, in a car's petrol tank. Pointless. So why would a lawyer suggest such a defence for a jury to decide, Tim? Media provides clues to the identity of Richard W... Chris KnoxNow that that the by-election is over -... Kiwi Party candidate jubilant after Mt Albert by ... Mt Albert by-election Today's the day we find out... Did Phil Goff lie on Radio Live today? I was tele... Richard Worth has resigned Richard Worth has resi... Neelam Choudary: Goff admits that Worth didn't me... Does David Shearer see himself as a lesbian? Ha. ... PJ O'Rourke speech In April, PJ O'Rourke deliver... 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The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at MIT is one of three entities that will share a $25 million gift from the Robert A. and Renee E. Belfer Family Foundation to create the Neurodegeneration Consortium (NDC), a transformative multi-institutional initiative that will advance the study and treatment of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Picower will join in the NDC with the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Baylor College of Medicine. The gift is contingent, among other conditions, on the consortium partners securing matching philanthropy in the amount of $25 million by Jan. 1, 2016, of which $6.5 million has already been raised. The lead MIT investigator on the effort, Li-Huei Tsai, the Picower Professor of Neuroscience at MIT and director of the Picower Institute, hopes that by combining strengths, the three institutions involved will make dynamic progress in the fight against Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Funding from the Belfer Family Foundation will support Tsai's ongoing research in neurobiology, learning and memory, and neurodegeneration, such as that caused by Alzheimer's disease. Her recent work has focused on the chromatin-modifying enzymes and their roles in neuroprotection and in Alzheimer's. Tsai's expertise covers the genetics of mouse models of neurodegeneration, memory and neurodevelopment, as well as behavioral testing for memory and cognitive decline. At MIT and elsewhere, recent research in cancer, neurodegeneration and other age-associated diseases has revealed common molecular themes; for instance, age-dependent genetic and epigenetic events contribute to the increased incidence of cancer and Alzheimer's later in life. The NDC is a collaborative effort in which highly specialized basic science researchers at all three institutions will seek to discover and identify key molecular targets; a drug development team at MD Anderson's Institute for Applied Cancer Science will translate these discoveries into viable clinical candidates. In addition to Tsai, the NDC team of investigators includes Lynda Chin, Ronald DePinho, Giulio Draetta, Ming-Kuei Jang, and Philip Jones of MD Anderson; Juan Botas, Joanna Jankowsky, and Hui Zheng of Baylor College of Medicine; and Hugo Bellen and Huda Zoghbi of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine. The Belfer Family Foundation's support represents a turning point in the study of neurodegenerative disease, Zoghbi said.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	4,898	[ 128000, 791, 26987, 1223, 10181, 369, 21579, 323, 14171, 520, 15210, 374, 832, 315, 2380, 15086, 430, 690, 4430, 264, 400, 914, 3610, 8352, 505, 279, 8563, 362, 13, 323, 67527, 68, 469, 13, 426, 491, 261, 12517, 5114, 311, 1893, 279, 32359, 451, 81157, 73547, 320, 45, 5744, 705, 264, 87435, 7447, 3502, 10663, 278, 20770, 430, 690, 12178, 279, 4007, 323, 6514, 315, 44531, 596, 323, 1023, 18247, 451, 7642, 1413, 19338, 627, 34905, 1223, 690, 5249, 304, 279, 452, 5744, 449, 279, 3907, 315, 8421, 14306, 21293, 26211, 5955, 323, 71147, 9304, 315, 19152, 13, 578, 8352, 374, 59575, 11, 4315, 1023, 4787, 11, 389, 279, 75094, 8717, 41577, 12864, 58738, 18237, 304, 279, 3392, 315, 400, 914, 3610, 555, 4448, 13, 220, 16, 11 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 791, 26987, 1223, 10181, 369, 21579, 323, 14171, 520, 15210, 374, 832, 315, 2380, 15086, 430, 690, 4430, 264, 400, 914, 3610, 8352, 505, 279, 8563, 362, 13, 323, 67527, 68, 469, 13, 426, 491, 261, 12517, 5114, 311, 1893, 279, 32359, 451, 81157, 73547, 320, 45, 5744, 705, 264, 87435, 7447, 3502, 10663, 278, 20770, 430, 690, 12178, 279, 4007, 323, 6514, 315, 44531, 596, 323, 1023, 18247, 451, 7642, 1413, 19338, 627, 34905, 1223, 690, 5249, 304, 279, 452, 5744, 449, 279, 3907, 315, 8421, 14306, 21293, 26211, 5955, 323, 71147, 9304, 315, 19152, 13, 578, 8352, 374, 59575, 11, 4315, 1023, 4787, 11, 389, 279, 75094, 8717, 41577, 12864, 58738, 18237, 304, 279, 3392, 315, 400, 914, 3610, 555, 4448, 13, 220, 16, 11, -100 ]
Indonesia : Selected Issues International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept This Selected Issues paper analyzes the capital inflows to Indonesia since the global financial crisis. Capital inflows to Indonesia have increased since the crisis. Their average volume increased from 3.25 percent of GDP in 2005-09 to 4.50 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 2010 to the third quarter of 2016. From the global perspective, driven by the liquidity released from the systemic economies' unconventional monetary policies, a global search for yields has led to large capital inflows to emerging and developing economies (EMDEs), especially portfolio inflows. Although many EMDEs experienced a steady decline in capital inflows during 2013-16, capital inflows to Indonesia increased and reached a peak in late 2014, and then started to decline but remained at relatively high levels from the first quarter of 2015 to the third quarter of 2016. Indonesia: Selected Issues Capital Inflows to Indonesia Since the Global Financial Crisis 1 B. Developments of Capital Inflows C. Developments of Foreign Liabilities and External Debt D. Drivers for Capital Inflows to Indonesia Panel Analysis GARCH Model E. Conclusion EMDEs: Capital Inflows Indonesia: Capital Inflows Indonesia: Capital Inflows and Current Account Balance Indonesia: Portfolio Inflows Inflows to Local Government Currency Bond Government Bond Real Yield and Credit Rating 1/ Indonesia: J.P. Morgan Government Bond Index-EM Global Diversified, 12-month Return Indonesia: Equity and Local Currency Government Bond Inflows, 2013 Taper Tantrum Indonesia: Equity and Local Currency Government Bond Inflows, 2015 Renminbi Reform Indonesia: Foreign Liabilities by Type Indonesia: Portfolio Claims Indonesia; Portfolio Equity Claims Indonesia: Portfolio Debt Claims Indonesia: Short-Term Portfolio Debt Claims Indonesia: Private Sector External Debt Foreign Holdings of Local Currency Government Bonds Foreign Ownership by Industry Types of Foreign Investors in Local Currency Government Bonds 1/ Indonesia: Change of Foreign Holdings of Local Currency versus Credit-Linked Note Issuance Indonesia; Drivers for Capital Inflows Capital Inflows to Indonesia Since the Global Financial Crisis1 The landscape of capital inflows to Indonesia has changed in both the volume and composition since the global financial crisis (GFC). As nonresidents are purchasing Indonesian assets, Indonesia's external liabilities and debt positions have changed as well. While capital inflows have helped to finance Indonesia's current account and fiscal deficits since late 2011 when the commodity super-cycle was over, they have also brought challenges due to their volatile nature and tendency to come in waves, in particular, portfolio inflows. 1. This paper analyzes developments in capital inflows to Indonesia since the GFC. Throughout the paper, capital inflows are defined as net acquisition of domestic assets by nonresidents. The paper discusses the recent trend of capital inflows to Indonesia, new features of Indonesia's external positions, and main drivers for capital inflows. 2. Capital inflows to Indonesia have increased since the GFC. Their average volume increased from 3¼ percent of GDP in 2005–09 to 4½ percent of GDP in 2010:Q1–2016:Q3. From the global perspective, driven by the liquidity released from the systemic economies' unconventional monetary policies, a global search for yields has led to large capital inflows to emerging and developing economies (EMDEs), especially portfolio inflows (Sahay and others, 2014). Indonesia was not an exception. While many EMDEs experienced a steady decline in capital inflows during 2013−16, capital inflows to Indonesia increased and reached a peak in late 2014, and then started to decline but remained at relatively high levels in 2015:Q1–2016:Q3 (Figures 1 and 2). Figure 1.EMDEs: Capital Inflows Sources: IMF, Financial Flows Analytics and Balance of Payments Statistics; and IMF staff estimates. 1/ "Other inflows" is a residual category, comprising mainly loans (including bank lending and trade credit), deposits, and financial derivatives. Figure 2.Indonesia: Capital Inflows Sources: Haver Analytics; and IMF staff estimates. 3. The increase in capital inflows has helped to finance Indonesia's current account and fiscal deficits (Figure 3). After the commodity super-cycle fizzled out in 2011, Indonesia's current account has remained in deficit since 2012, in parallel with a widening fiscal deficit. Against this backdrop, increasing capital inflows enabled Indonesia to finance a current account deficit and issue additional government securities to meet the budget's needs. Figure 3.Indonesia: Capital Inflows and Current Account Balance Sources; Haver Analytics; and IMF staff estimates. 4. FDI and portfolio inflows dominated capital inflows to Indonesia. They accounted for 52 percent and 40 percent of total cumulative inflows in 2010:Q1–2016:Q3, respectively, and these ratios have broadly remained stable since 2005. Other investment inflows became positive (in four quarter rolling terms) since early 2008 largely due to a pickup of cross-border bank lending to the private sector. However, the recent external deleveraging of the private sector has led to a reversal of other investment inflows. 5. The volume of portfolio inflows was influenced by global market sentiment. Due to Indonesia's close integration with global capital markets, portfolio inflows have followed a clear risk-on and risk-off pattern (Figure 4). Since portfolio inflows resumed after the GFC, their main reversals corresponded to changes in global sentiment: the euro area sovereign debt crisis in late 2011 and the EM volatility transmitted from the reform of China's exchange rate policy in the second half of 2015 (renminbi reform). Portfolio inflows declined sharply during the 2013 taper tantrum as well. Figure 4.Indonesia: Portfolio Inflows Source: Haver Analytics. 6. Government bonds have been the most popular financial instruments for foreign investors (Figure 5). Inflows to government bonds, accounting for 83 percent of total cumulative portfolio inflows, averaged at 1.5 percent of GDP in 2010:Q1–2016:Q3. Global fixed-income investors are attracted by Indonesia's high government bond yields, relatively high economic growth, and the statutory fiscal deficit limit of 3 percent of GDP, which caps gross fiscal financing requirements (Miyajima and Toh, 2017). Corporate bonds are the second most popular instrument; however, foreign purchase of corporate bonds has recently declined, following a similar declining trend in cross-border bank lending. Inflows to central bank bills (SBIs) were influenced by Bank Indonesia's (BI) capital flow management measures. After BI extended the minimum holding period of SBIs to 6 months in May 2011 from one month (imposed in July 2010), foreign investors sold off SBIs.2 Inflows to equity, relatively small in volume, had been volatile. Sources: Haver Analytics: and IMF staff estimates. 7. Local currency (LCY) government bonds have attracted more inflows than those denominated in hard currency. It is estimated that 60 percent of the inflows to government bonds went to rupiah-denominated government bonds in 2010:Q1–2016:Q3. Despite some episodes of outflows—such as during the euro area sovereign debt crisis, the taper tantrum, and the 2015 renminbi reform—total cumulative inflows reached US$52 billion during this period, a major source for financing the budget deficit (Figure 6). Figure 6.Inflows to Local Government Currency Bond Sources: CEIC Data Co, Ltd.; Bloomberg LP,; and IMF staff estimates. 8. Inflows to LCY government bonds were strong in the first three quarters of 2016, before experiencing volatility. They reached about US$9.5 billion in January–September 2016, reflecting favorable global financial environment, attractive bond yields, and some speculative inflows related to the tax amnesty program. Inflation-adjusted yield of Indonesia LCY government bonds was high compared with other countries (Figure 7), and total annual returns of bonds reached 40 percent in U.S. dollar term at end-September 2016—a combination of high yields, positive valuation (inversely related to the bond yields), and the appreciation of the rupiah against the U.S. dollar (Figure 8). However, the returns from exchange rate movements have been volatile and often correlated with the return from valuation, attesting to the role of foreign investors in influencing the bond yields. Then inflows reversed in October 2016 as foreign investors likely took profits, with the reversal accelerating following the U.S. election. It is estimated that the amount of capital reversal from LCY government bonds reached US$2.2 billion in October 1–November 30, 2016 with the yield of 10-year bonds up by 100 basis points. Since then, capital inflows have gradually resumed, accompanied by the decline of bond yields. Figure 7.Government Bond Real Yield and Credit Rating 1/ Sources; Bloomberg LP; IMF. information Notice System, and IMF staff estimates. 1/ Real yield is defined as nominal bond yield minus inflation rate. Credit Rating represents average of ratings trom S&P, Fitch, and Moodys for each country. Data as of November 2016 or latest available. Figure 8.Indonesia: J.P. Morgan Government Bond Index-EM Global Diversified, 12-month Return Sources: Bloomberg LP.; and IMF staff estimates. 9. The correlations among key types of capital inflows seem to be low based on quarterly balance of payments data (Table 1). Low positive correlations point to small likelihood of foreign investors' herding behavior during shocks; while low negative correlations mean less chance for one type of inflows to compensate for a decline in another type of inflows. The negative one correlation between FDI debt inflows and debt outflows reflects the recurrent short-term intra-company trade credit, which would be recorded as debt inflows and debt outflows in the same quarter. The correlation between FDI and private sector bond inflows is relatively high, as they are likely to be driven by the same underlying factors, such as the outlook of economic activity or commodity prices. The correlation between public bond inflows and public other investment inflows was almost zero, pointing to limited substitution between these two types of government borrowing. Table 1.Indonesia: Correlation Coefficients for Items in the Financial Account(2010:Q1-2016:Q3) FDI equity FDI debt inflows FDI debt outflows Bond (private) Bond (public) OI (private) OI (public) FDI debt inflows 0.6 FDI debt outflows −0.7 −1.0 Portfolio 0.2 0.2 0.1 −0.1 Equity 0.0 −0.2 −0.1 0.2 Bond 0.3 0.3 0.2 −0.2 0.2 Private sector 0.3 0.1 0.3 −0.2 0.1 Public sector 0.1 0.2 0.1 −0.1 0.2 −0.1 Other investment 0.0 0.2 0.1 −0.2 −0.2 −0.2 −0.2 −0.1 −0.2 Private sector 0.1 0.3 0.3 −0.3 −0.2 −0.2 −0.2 0.1 −0.2 Public sector −0.1 0.0 −0.1 0.1 −0.1 −0.1 −0.1 −0.3 0.0 0.0 10. However, high-frequency data point to a high correlation between equity and LCY government bond inflows, especially during the episodes of shocks. During the taper tantrum and 2015 renminbi reform, both equity and bond inflows to Indonesia declined or reversed, as foreign investors reduced their exposures to EMs (Figures 9 and 10). Figure 9.Indonesia: Equity and Local Currency Government Bond Inflows, 2013 Taper Tantrum Sources: Bloomberg Data LP.; and IMF staff estimates. Figure 10.Indonesia: Equity and Local Currency Government Bond Inflows, 2015 Renminbi Reform 11. Capital inflows to Indonesia since the GFC led to an increase in external liabilities, albeit from a low level (Figure 11). Indonesia's foreign liabilities rose from 55 percent of GDP in 2009 to 67 percent of GDP at end-2015. Consistent with the dynamics of capital inflows, increases in FDI and portfolio liabilities were the main drivers for the overall increase in foreign liabilities, and their total share in foreign liabilities increased by 9 percentage points over 2010–15. Figure 11.Indonesia: Foreign Liabilities by Type Sources: Haver Analytics: IMF; and IMF staff estimates. 12. The investor base for Indonesia has shifted towards investors from Europe and the United States (Figures 12–15). Within a larger pie of portfolio claims, investors from the United States and European financial centers (such as Luxembourg, Netherlands, Ireland, and United Kingdom) have seen their shares increased. Such increase was observed in both portfolio equity and debt claims, as global investors were diversifying their portfolio investment into EMs. Accordingly, the share of Singaporean portfolio investors has declined. Nevertheless, Singapore investors still dominated short-term portfolio debt claims with a share of 65 percent. Figure 12.Indonesia: Portfolio Claims Sources: IMF, Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey; and IMF staff estimates. Figure 13.Indonesia; Portfolio Equity Claims Figure 14.Indonesia: Portfolio Debt Claims Figure 15.Indonesia: Short-Term Portfolio Debt Claims 13. Despite some recent increase, Indonesia's external debt remains low. Compared to the definition of external liabilities, external debt excludes equity FDI and equity portfolio investment. External debt to GDP ratio increased from 29¾ percent at end-2009 to 35¾ percent at end-September 2016. The share of public debt decreased from 57½ percent to 50 percent over the same period, as about 60 percent of the increase in external debt was due to private sector borrowing. Within the private sector, the external debt of nonfinancial corporate sector stood at 6 percent of GDP. 14. Parent and affiliated company debt constitute a large share of private debt (Figure 16). At end-September 2016, one third of private sector external debt was from either parent or affiliated companies (US$50 billion, 5.5 percent of GDP) with debt from parent companies accounting for 78 percent of such debt. The share of intra-company loans in external debt was highest among nonfinancial corporate (two-thirds). This large share of intra-company loans reduces the rollover risk. Figure 16.Indonesia: Private Sector External Debt Sources: Bank Indonesia; and IMF staff estimates. 15. An increasing share of external debt is denominated in rupiah. About 18 percent of Indonesia's external debt was denominated in rupiah at end-September 2016, up from 10 percent at end-2009. This increase in share, in line with the developments in portfolio inflows, reflected an increasing share of foreign holding of LCY government bonds: a five-fold increase in the nominal value of foreign holdings and a doubling of the foreign share from end-2009 to end-2015 (Figure 17). As a result, the share of rupiah-denominated public debt doubled from 16¼ percent at end-2009 to 32¾ percent at end-September 2016. Foreign ownership as a share of foreign reserves is relatively high compared with peers (Figure 18). Figure 17.Foreign Holdings of Local Currency Government Bonds Sources: Bloomberg LP; Haver Analytics; IMF; and IMF staff estimates. Sources: Bloomberg LP; country authorities; Haver Analytics; IMF; and IMF staff estimates. 16. About half of the holders of LCY government bonds are central banks, foreign governments, and mutual funds (Figure 19). Central banks and foreign governments found the EM LCY government bonds attractive after the taper tantrum, as they provide a diversification of investment while reducing the cost of carry of FX reserve holdings (Standard Chartered, 2013). A relatively high share of foreign investors are benchmark-driven EM funds (Figure 20). Figure 19.Foreign Ownership by Industry Source: Ministry of Finance. Figure 20.Types of Foreign Investors in Local Currency Government Bonds 1/ Source: J.P. Morgan. 1/ Assets under management (AUM) benchmarked to EM indices a re characterized as "dedicated" EM holdings, those benchmarked to widely-fol lowed global bond indices are characterized as "crossover" EM holdings, and the difference between the total foreign holdings and indexed holdings (both dedicated and crossover) is characterized as "residual." 17. Besides purchasing and holding LCY government bonds, foreigners also use derivatives to gain similar exposure. Total return swaps (TRS) and credit linked notes (CLN) backed by the LCY government bonds are the two popular instruments, which are normally contracted between global investment banks and foreign investors, who get cash flows from the underlying bonds without holding the cash bonds. When local subsidiaries of global investment banks sell TRSs and CLNs to foreign investors, the total foreign exposure to LCY bonds could be larger than the official reporting of foreign holdings as local subsidiaries are considered residents. Despite declining from its 2010 peak, the volume of annual CLN issuance averaged at US$1.2 billion in 2011–15, roughly 15 percent of the increase in foreign holding of cash bonds (Figure 21).3 Figure 21.Indonesia: Change of Foreign Holdings of Local Currency versus Credit-Linked Note Issuance Sources: Bloomberg LP.; Haver Analytics; J.P. Morgan; and IMF staff estimates. 18. There is a rich literature on the drivers for capital flows. The typical analysis adopts the "push versus pull" framework (for example, Fratzscher, 2011 and Cerutti and others, 2015). Push factors refer to the external supply factors, such as the supply of global liquidity and global risk aversion. Pull factors refer to domestic demand side factors that attract capital inflows, such as macroeconomic fundamentals, institutional framework, and policies. The IMF has devoted a World Economic Outlook chapter (IMF, 2016a) to exploring the drivers of the recent slowdown in net capital flows to emerging market economies, which finds that much of the decline in inflows can be explained by the narrowing growth prospects between emerging market and advanced economies. IMF (2016b) points out that both push and full factors remain important for capital flows, suggesting that source and recipient country policies play a role. Other recent work on capital flows includes Ghosh and others (2012), Nier and others (2014), Chung and others (2014), and Sahay and others (2014). 19. This analysis on the drivers for capital inflows to Indonesia is based on a panel analysis of 34 countries4 with country fixed effects (Hannan, 2017 and Table 2). The time period is 2009–15 and quarterly data are used to capture the drivers for capital flows after the GFC. Coefficients from the panel analysis are applied to Indonesia-specific factors and global factors to derive the portion of capital inflows that can be explained by each factor. Table 2.Capital Inflows 1/(Share of GDP) 2009:Q3–2015:Q4 Portfolio Debt Portfolio Equity Growth differential 0.21 * 0.32 ** 0.07 0.06 * 0.07 * 0.01 0.07 (0.12) (0.12) (0.05) (0.03) (0.04) (0.01) (0.09) Interest rate differential 0.31 * −0.14 0.10 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.22 * Trade openness −0.01 0.05 0.06 * −0.03 −0.03 ** −0.01 * −0.02 Reserves 0.06 0.07 0.03 * 0.04 0.04 0.00 −0.00 ER regime 0.26 −0.24 −0.03 −0.29 −0.27 −0.09 0.61 Institutional quality −8.85 * −6.90 * −2.41 −1.79 −1.58 −0.30 −4.69 * Income per capita 0.00 0.00 * 0.00 * −0.00 0.00 −0.00 0.00 Capital account openness −2.17 −1.95 −1.35 0.38 1.54 −0.14 −1.34 Financial development −19.12 −27.60 −10.31 1.30 6.91 −2.55 −6.89 (24.24) (25.69) (21.68) (9.40) (8.79) (1.75) (9.56) Global risk aversion (log) −0.56 −3.02 1.96 −2.41 −1.94 −0.35 0.08 Commodity prices (growth) −0.04 −0.00 −0.02 ** 0.01 0.01 −0.00 −0.03 Global liquidity (growth) 0.10 0.07 0.08 * 0.08 0.06 −0.00 −0.06 U.S. corporate spread 0.04 0.95 −0.94 0.85 0.26 0.26 0.08 U.S. yield gap 2.07 0.85 −0.32 −0.15 −0.52 0.24 2.22 Constant −4.52 5.10 −4.78 5.32 1.80 1.43 * −6.87 (14.72) (12.75) (9.28) (4.94) (4.83) (0.78) (7.12) Observations 809 809 809 809 758 739 787 Number of groups 34 34 34 34 33 33 34 Country fixed effects YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Source: Hannan (2017). 1/ Standard errors in parentheses. * p<0.01, p<0.05, * p<0.1. 20. The analysis shows that cyclical factors are significant for capital inflows to Indonesia (Figure 22). Growth and interest differences between Indonesia and the United States seem to account for an important portion of capital inflows. Figure 22.Indonesia; Drivers for Capital Inflows Sources: CEIC Data Co; Hovel Analytics; national sources; and IMF Staff estimates. 21. Global risk aversion is also important. More global risk aversion leads to low inflows, in particular for some components, such as portfolio debt inflows. However, the estimation does not seem to be able to capture the large fluctuations in capital inflows, for instance the reversal related to the taper tantrum, which is likely partly due to large temporary shifts in market expectations regarding the course of monetary policy in the United States, which are difficult to control for a regression using quarterly data (IMF, 2016a). 22. The availability of daily data on capital inflows allows us to analyze the impact of high-frequency market sentiment on capital inflows to Indonesia. We apply a GARCH model to analyze the main drivers for capital inflows to LCY government bonds, one of the key type of capital inflows to Indonesia. The GARCH framework, a standard tool for modeling volatility in financial economics, allows one to estimate the impact of regressors on the mean and volatility of the dependent variable. The sample data consists of daily observations covering the period of January 1, 2010 to October 31, 2016. 23. The empirical model of the capital inflows to Indonesia is The first equation is the mean equation, in which ct represents the capital inflows to LCY government bonds; ϕi is the autoregressive term incorporating the persistence of the capital inflows; βmXtm reflects the impact of exogenous factors on the capital inflows; εt is the error term. In the second equation—conditional variance equation—σt is the standard deviation, γj is the GARCH term, and αi is the ARCH effects. 24. Variables most relevant for foreign investors' returns are chosen as the explanatory variables. The first is the expected movement of the rupiah against the U.S. dollar. The change of the 3-month NDF rate is used to represent this expectation.5 The hypothesis is that a more appreciated forward exchange rate would persuade foreign investors to purchase more bonds. The second one is the difference between the five-year government bond yield and interbank market rate, i.e., 3-month JIBOR rate.6 While this is a driver mostly for local investors (mainly banks), indirectly it could also influence foreigner investors, since a larger difference would support the positive price dynamics from local investors. The third one is the VIX indicator, which could capture the impact of global financial conditions and hence the perceived risks of exposure to Indonesian risk.7 Higher market volatility should dent foreign interest in LYC bonds. To reduce the endogeneity of capital inflows, lags of the explanatory variables are used with the lags in both the mean and variance equations chosen based on their significance. A dummy for the bond auction dates has been introduced to the model to control for the inflows related to auctions, however it does not turn out to be statistically significant. 25. The estimation results have confirmed the main hypothesis (Table 3). An expectation of the appreciation of the rupiah is associated with more foreign purchase of bonds; a wider spread of the bond yield over the interbank market rate would encourage more foreign participation; and an increase in global risk aversion is associated with a decline in foreigner investors' exposure to Indonesian risk. Foreign capital inflows have strong persistence; as inflows usually generate positive, though diminishing, momentum in the next two days. Table 3.Estimated GARCH Parameters z-Statistic Mean equation C 105.6 25.44 4.15 0.00 Inflows(-1) 0.2 0.03 8.08 0.00 NDF3M(-2)-NDF3M(-5) −0.3 0.02 −15.79 0.00 YIELD5Y(-2)-JIBOR3M(-2) 3.2 1.90 1.69 0.09 LOG(VIX(-2)) −29.5 8.69 −3.39 0.00 Variance equation C_var 314.0 79.79 3.94 0.00 RESID(-1)^2 0.0 0.01 8.77 0.00 GARCH(-1) 0.4 0.01 37.50 0.00 GARCH(-2) −0.4 0.01 −35.40 0.00 R-squared 0.188 Adjusted R-squared 0.185 26. Capital inflows have benefited Indonesia. They allowed Indonesia to finance current account and budget deficits. At one-half of total capital inflows in Indonesia, FDI flows have acted as a long-term stable source of capital as well as a source of new technology and management practices. Portfolio inflows, in particular inflows to LCY government bonds, have enabled the government to borrow externally in domestic currency at a reasonable rate. Other investment flows complemented the domestic banking system in supplying the private sector with credit for trade or longer-term investment. 27. In the meantime, capital inflows have also transmitted global risks to Indonesia. Capital inflows tend to come in waves and could transmit global shocks to the domestic markets. Since the GFC, Indonesia has witnessed several episodes of reversal or sharp declines of capital inflows. During these episodes, exchange, equity, and bond markets came under pressure. 28. Indonesia's resilience to external shocks has improved. The improved policy framework, such as the subsidy reform and a more flexible exchange rate policy, allowed the authorities to manage the risks from marked changes in capital inflows (Warjiyo, 2014). The current account deficit has adjusted to the commodity down-cycle with Indonesia's external position broadly consistent with medium-term fundamentals and desirable policy settings (IMF, 2016c). The current low inflation environment provided room for adjusting macroeconomic policies if needed. Reserves are adequate to prevent disorderly market conditions. 29. Given the volatile nature of capital inflows, more could be done to further enhance resilience. Structural reforms to attract more FDI inflows would be welcome, as they are less volatile compared with other types of capital inflows. The recently partially liberalized FDI regime is a welcome step in the right direction. More domestic savings, including public sector saving, would help to reduce the reliance on foreign capital. This would require strengthening revenue collection in the post commodity-boom area. In addition, a deep domestic capital market would help to accommodate the surges and sudden stops in capital inflows, as the narrow investor base and low market liquidity make the government bond market susceptible to heightened market volatility (Miyajima and Toh, 2017). ChungKyuilJong-EunLeeElenaLoukoianovaHailPark and Hyun SongShin2014 "Global Liquidity through the Lens of Monetary Aggregates," Economic Policy Vol. 30 Issue 82 pp. 231–290. GhoshAtish R.JunKimMahvash S.Qureshi and JuanZalduendo2012 "Surges, " IMF Working Paper No. 12/22 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). CeruttiEugenioStijnClaessens and DamienPuy2015 "Push Factors and Capital Flows to Emerging Markets: Why Knowing Your Lender Matters more than Fundamentals," IMF Working Paper No. 15/127 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). FratzscherMarcel2011 "Capital Flows, Push versus Pull Factors and the Global Financial Crisis," ECB Working Paper No 1364 (Frankfurt: European Central Bank). HannanSwarnali Ahmed2017 "The Drivers of Recent Capital Flows in Emerging Markets," IMF Working Paper forthcoming (Washington: International Monetary Fund). International Monetary Fund2016a "Understanding the Slowdown in Capital Flows to Emerging Markets," Chapter 2 in World Economic Outlook April 2016: Too Slow for Too Long World Economic and Financial Surveys (Washington). Available via the Internet: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/pdf/c2.pdf International Monetary Fund2016bCapital Flows—Review of Experience with the Institutional View (Washington).Available via the Internet: http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2016/110416a.pdf. International Monetary Fund2016c2016 External Sector Report—Individual Economy Assessments (Washington). Available via the Internet: https://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2016/072716.pdf. MiyajimaKenand Seng GuanToh2017 "Indonesia: Local Currency Government Bond Markets and Bond Yield Determinants," IMF Working Paper forthcoming (Washington: International Monetary Fund). NierErlendTahsin SaadiSedik and TomasMondino2014 "Gross Private Capital Flows to Emerging Markets: Can the Global Financial Cycle Be Tamed?," IMF Working Paper No. 14/196 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). SahayRatnaVivekAroraThanosArvanitisHamidFaruqeePapaN'DiayeTommasoMancini-Griffoli and an IMF Team2014 "Emerging Market Volatility: Lessons from the Taper Tantrum," IMF Staff Discussion Note No. 14/09 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). StandardChartered2013 "Local Markets Compendium 2013." WarjijoPerry2014 "US Monetary Policy Normalization and EME Policy Mix—the Indonesian Experience," Speech at the NBER 25th Annual East Asian Seminar on Economics Tokyo June 20–212014. Available via the Internet: www.bis.org/review/r140909f.pdf. Prepared by Yinqiu Lu. The minimum holding period was reduced to one month in September 2013 and later to one week in September 2015. Information about the volume of TRSs is difficult to gather. There is no information about the volume of CLNs that have been issued by local subsidiaries of global investment banks. Albania, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, FYR Macedonia, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, and Uruguay. The onshore forward exchange rates have been tried as well, but they have a weaker forecast power despite the expected sign of correlation coefficient. As the NDF captures covered interest rate parity, neither the yield difference between Indonesia and United States nor the Fed funds rate/Fed funds futures turns out to be statistically significant. The time deposit rates do not turn out to be statistically significant. The five-year CDS of Indonesia has been tried as well, but as the CDS and VIX have high correlation, the one with more predictive power is chosen, which is the VIX.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	789	[ 128000, 1451, 57772, 551, 30402, 37543, 198, 34746, 74214, 13492, 13, 13936, 323, 16867, 51321, 198, 2028, 30402, 37543, 5684, 86281, 279, 6864, 4704, 4336, 311, 24922, 2533, 279, 3728, 6020, 11501, 13, 18880, 4704, 4336, 311, 24922, 617, 7319, 2533, 279, 11501, 13, 11205, 5578, 8286, 7319, 505, 220, 18, 13, 914, 3346, 315, 30830, 304, 220, 1049, 20, 12, 2545, 311, 220, 19, 13, 1135, 3346, 315, 30830, 304, 279, 1176, 8502, 315, 220, 679, 15, 311, 279, 4948, 8502, 315, 220, 679, 21, 13, 5659, 279, 3728, 13356, 11, 16625, 555, 279, 53113, 6004, 505, 279, 46417, 37671, 6, 73978, 33384, 10396, 11, 264, 3728, 2778, 369, 36508, 706, 6197, 311, 3544, 6864, 4704, 4336, 311, 24084, 323, 11469, 37671, 320, 2783, 1170, 82, 705 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 1451, 57772, 551, 30402, 37543, 198, 34746, 74214, 13492, 13, 13936, 323, 16867, 51321, 198, 2028, 30402, 37543, 5684, 86281, 279, 6864, 4704, 4336, 311, 24922, 2533, 279, 3728, 6020, 11501, 13, 18880, 4704, 4336, 311, 24922, 617, 7319, 2533, 279, 11501, 13, 11205, 5578, 8286, 7319, 505, 220, 18, 13, 914, 3346, 315, 30830, 304, 220, 1049, 20, 12, 2545, 311, 220, 19, 13, 1135, 3346, 315, 30830, 304, 279, 1176, 8502, 315, 220, 679, 15, 311, 279, 4948, 8502, 315, 220, 679, 21, 13, 5659, 279, 3728, 13356, 11, 16625, 555, 279, 53113, 6004, 505, 279, 46417, 37671, 6, 73978, 33384, 10396, 11, 264, 3728, 2778, 369, 36508, 706, 6197, 311, 3544, 6864, 4704, 4336, 311, 24084, 323, 11469, 37671, 320, 2783, 1170, 82, 705, -100 ]
Lancaster's two goals lift Sacred Heart to Seventh Region girls soccer title Senior captain scores twice as Valkyries capture regional crown for sixth straight season Lancaster's two goals lift Sacred Heart to Seventh Region girls soccer title Senior captain scores twice as Valkyries capture regional crown for sixth straight season Check out this story on courier-journal.com: https://www.courier-journal.com/story/sports/preps/kentucky/2018/10/20/kentucky-girls-soccer-sacred-heart-wins-seventh-region-title/1680000002/ Jason Frakes, Louisville Courier Journal Published 4:28 p.m. ET Oct. 20, 2018 Sacred Heart defender Addy Lancaster tries to keep the ball from Assumption forward Hannah Hennessey. 24 September 2017 (Photo: David R. Lutman, Special to The Courier-Journal)Buy Photo Addy Lancaster isn't the most prolific goal scorer for the Sacred Heart Academy soccer team, but coach Libbey Smith loves having her on the field. "She's a senior captain and a kid you want on the field simply for her smarts but also because she'll do anything you ask her to," Smith said. "Even if you don't ask her, she'll see it and fix it for the team. She's such a strong leader and smart player." Lancaster showcased those qualities Saturday, scoring twice to lift the Valkyries to a 3-0 victory over rival Assumption in the Seventh Region Tournament final at Manual Stadium. YOU MAY ALSO LIKE \|Bullitt East tops Mercy for Sixth Region soccer crown Ranked No. 1 in the state, Sacred Heart (21-1-1) won the regional title for the sixth straight year. The Valkyries will host No. 12 Simon Kenton (17-6) at 7 p.m. Monday in the Semistate Four game, with the winner advancing to next Saturday's state quarterfinals in Lexington. Eighth Region champion Simon Kenton handed Sacred Heart its only loss of the season – a 2-1 decision on Sept. 11 in the first round of Lexington Catholic's Lady Knights Challenge Cup. Simon Kenton scored on an own goal before winning a penalty-kick shootout. "We obviously didn't play our best game or we would have come out on top there," Smith said. "An own goal and then ending up in PKs was a tough way to go." The Valkyries had no such problems Saturday, taking a 1-0 lead on Lancaster's goal in the fifth minute. After a corner kick from Caraline Francke, Lancaster bolted toward the goal and headed the ball in the goal. Meg Williams' goal gave Sacred Heart a 2-0 lead in the 13th minute, and Lancaster scored off another Francke corner kick in the 25th minute for a 3-0 advantage. Check this out: Playing for their fallen coach, Butler soccer wins Sixth Region title "We've been practicing corners a lot this week, and there are three targets to get to," said Lancaster, who now has nine goals this season. "I was on the back post, and both goals just came from me standing at the back post and waiting for the ball and then heading it in." Smith said Francke's accuracy on her corner kicks. "She's just got the touch," Smith said. "She's really good at putting a ball in that people can do something with." The No. 7 Rockets (16-6-4) put five shots on goal but couldn't dent the scoreboard as Sacred Heart posted its 15th shutout of the season. Assumption will lose 13 seniors off this squad, including seven starters. "It's going to be a huge transition year, but we have a lot of girls from the JV moving up and a lot of freshmen," coach Tammy Hailey said. "We're looking forward to it." Jason Frakes: 502-582-4046; [email protected]; Twitter: @kyhighs. 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Our Properties: Gamasutra GameCareerGuide IndieGames Indie Royale GDC IGF Game Developer Magazine GAO Tilt Warning: Pinball News Overload 2011: A Year In Orange And Blue Video Game Covers Yes! Jin Saotome Making Articulated, Poseable Skylanders Zeboyd's Cthulhu, Breath of Death VII Bundle Sells 100K+ Copies On Steam Seven Years Of World Of Warcraft In-Depth: PlayStation Network Analysis, October 2011 Indie Developer Daniel Remar Lets His Games Do The Talking This Week In Video Game Criticism: From Kotaku To Content Degradation Interview: Titmouse Games -- 'Just F*cking Go For It' May 31, 2009 8:00 AM \| Simon Carless [In the final pre-E3 interview we're rolling out, Metalocalypse animator turned Seven Haunted Seas developer Titmouse Games talks to Brandon Sheffield about creative-led studios, game biz pay, and making what you want without getting screwed.] Los Angeles-based animation firm Titmouse, known for animating the Metalocalypse Adult Swim series, and which also did the cutscenes for the Guitar Hero games, has added a game studio, Titmouse Games, as announced back in March. The company has already released one title so far, the iPhone voodoo doll pestering sim Doctor Zomba. Also announced is Seven Haunted Seas, an action RPG staring a maligned pirate - and Fistful of Blood, based on the Heavy Metal-published graphic novel of the same name. Recently, we talked with Titmouse Games creative director Aaron Habibipour, previously with Sammy, High Moon, and Neversoft, and Keith Fay, VP of Titmouse Inc. about starting the new company, and how to be a creative-led company without letting your egos ruin your finances. There's no beating around the bush here - they know what they're good at, and what limitations they will likely run up against. But for now, the studio is very much operating under the Nike policy: "Just do it": How did this whole venture get started? I heard a little bit about it, but... Keith Fay: Well, you know, Titmouse has been doing animation for years and years. And we all play games, and we did all the in-game cinematics for all the Guitar Hero games. I was a writer on the original God of War games, so it's sort of always been in our matrix. And it's one of those things... Chris P., the owner of the studio, and myself have been constantly like, "One of these days, we got to start Titmouse Games." And we were really, really, really ready to commit at the end of the year and found out that Aaron had left Neversoft, and it was just like serendipity. It was like, "Holy shit. Let's get that guy." And we went from sort of like, "Hey, this is cool. Let's start a game company," to, "No, we are a game company. We're making games right now." So, it was really, really cool. And we've got great momentum, and we're really excited about it. And how much is your animation stuff going to cross over into game stuff? KF: I think quite a bit actually, just in terms of using the artists and things like that. I mean Aaron has the entire studio at his disposal. So, for instance, like the Seven Haunted Seas trailer, that's Titmouse's best people, the best and brightest working on that, and we're really passionate about that. And then again, in terms of our IPs, as we create more shows and get more projects made, video games are just going to be part of that world. It's not just an animated movie or just an animated series, it's a property that spans a bunch of platforms, and games are just a huge part of that now. Are you going to have to grow as a studio for this? KF: That's an interesting question. Yeah, we'll have to grow in terms of sort of expanding the game division. And the company itself is growing just kind of constantly. We've sort of been on a steady arc thus far. But not in a way there that I think will hurt our creativity at all. And I think that that's the core. No matter what we do, it's got to be cool, it's got to be weird, it's got to be dark, it's got to be edgy, it's got to be fun, it's got to be silly, it's got to be strange. And that's not something you can blow up too fast. We can't become McDonald's in a year. We sort of have to be careful about our brand. We're kind of precious about the stuff we do right now. Aaron Habibipour: One of the best things about going from a larger company to sort of guerilla style game making is just the fact that we're all so hands on and we can realistically talk about things, we can talk to each other. It doesn't become communication that's lost through... KF: Very DIY. It's like quitting Journey and starting a punk band. You know what I mean, it's like, "I went through this weird corporate thing where nothing I wanted to do could get done. And suddenly like every cool idea I have, I can do." AH: And that's the greatest thing about it. We can all sit there and work and really sit there and go like, "Hey, this is really fucking cool." It's great to be agile enough to be able to turn on a dime and be able to explore ideas, be able to do things, or be able to bring up things that might be edgy or risky and be able to do it anyway -- regardless, or because of. That's one of the cool things that we like. That's what I love about these guys, that they're willing to take risks, big time. You still have to be financially solvent at the end of the day. AH: Yes, of course. But I think the thing is that you can concentrate on making good games. That's always up for debate, and that's always like... It's always subjective to the individual, the reviewer, or whatever. I think the best thing that we can do is take the ideas that we really love and try to make those into really good games, and worry less about statistics and demographics and sponsors and all this other kind of stuff, and concentrate on what we really think is fun. Because honestly, I think, when you see all the groundbreaking games, and when you see all the things that really set the trends out there in the industry, you're looking at people who had passion products and people who really wanted to do things that they wanted to see done, rather than just build thing from a formula. There have been a lot of entertainment companies from outside of games come into games, but usually they are either so big that you can't necessarily care about it, or they're not very interesting. Whereas you guys are actually coming from a place of having street cred -- so would you say there are higher expectations from you?. KF: Absolutely. Right. We're super cognizant of that, and we're really paranoid about that. Everything we put out, like I said, we're super precious about her brand, and we want to make sure, "Does this have the right tones? Does it have the right vibe? Are we sending the right message?" We're our own like toughest critics, really. But if it gets through us, and we say, "Hey, that sounds cool to us," we just gotta trust the people that believe in our brand and have known our stuff and gravitated towards it, are going to gravitate towards the next thing. AH: So far, it's been everybody that we've had come into the studio that we wanted to talk to about doing something, whether it's an original idea or whether it's something that we wanted the license -- like let's say the Heavy Metal stuff with Kevin Eastman, the people that we've had come in have all clicked with us, and we clicked with them. And there has been, like, blinded ideas. We immediately start riffing off each other. And that's always a really good sign of something having a lot of promise, the ability for creators... Honestly, when you're in a big corporate environment, creators don't necessarily get to talk to each other. It's like, "I licensed it from you, and so I have to go through your manager to sit down... I have to run this through six people. Six people get to change it and do whatever they want to it before it gets to the other guy, and then he's got to approve it to send it back." And four of those six people don't actually understand what it is. AH: Exactly. KF: But they have to add their comments to it regardless. AH: The coolest thing is that so far, and the best thing that I like about this, is that everyone that we've talked to, we've maintained a direct line of communication with. We're actually starting to build a little bit of a circle of creative people that are outside of just games in general as well that are really wanting to work on projects together. You hear about this all the time in the film industry. Judd Apatow (Superbad) works with the same people all the time. Tim Burton works all the same people all the time, and they're all working on creative projects together. I'm hoping we can do that same thing with games and bridge that gap between games and entertainment in the same way. KF: There is no line for me. Entertainment, games, cartoons, movies, television -- it's kind of all the same things. Whether or not I'm controlling it and making it run around a field, or whether I'm watching it and laughing about it. It's story. It's characters. It's narrative. That's what we do. Are you working toward the kind of Hollywood model then in terms of being able to partner with certain people specifically for the right project and then moving on? AH: Well, yes. For instance, like Kevin has... It wasn't just Fistful of Blood that we talked to Kevin about. We've also talked to Kevin about writing for Seven Haunted Seas, which he's totally interested in. So, we're like, "Kevin, dude. We're going to do Fistful of Blood together. And then Kevin, why don't you come in and write like a cool side-quest storyline for Seven Haunted Seas?" He was totally up for that and totally down for that. Those are the kinds of relationships that we want to have with the people that we work with. And it's not necessarily about licensing something or working with someone or a specific thing, and then moving on. I hope that we can create a relationship with the people that we work with and do multiple projects. How many people do you have in the games bit of the studio? AH: There are about eight people right now that are working in the Titmouse games side, and in the animation side, it's of course about 80 people. It's a fairly large studio. How large do you think you're going to grow on the pure games side? AH: That's kind of a tough question to answer because it always depends on the game, right? You know, doing console games, for instance, almost requires a publisher to get done. And so, if we set up a publisher deal for Seven Haunted Seas, for example, there's an expectancy to get it done in a certain amount of time, and there's also getting it done in a certain amount of time for profitability, and all those sorts of things, and that's going to dictate how many people we hire. But I ultimately would love to keep it as small as possible, because there's something about growing too big and losing communication with the people you work with and having the entire team lose sight of what the direction and the goal is. KF: I mean, I hate to turn boutique -- it's such a weird term -- but in essence, that's kind of what it is. We have like a core group of people that are the real creatives. I mean, you staff up for different projects and things, but we like to sort of assemble a creative core that is our ten, twenty people that are the guys, you know what I mean. It's like any of the shows we do. Black Panther, we're doing for Marvel right now. It's like we bring in all the great artists that we find for this particular project, but when it really comes down to it, the directors and the writers and things like that are the Titmouse group. We hope to keep that same sort of creative control on the game side as well. AH: In that sense, it actually is more of a Hollywood model in terms of the studio that you're talking about earlier, where we do keep a core group of people on staff that are sort of like the creative force behind what we're doing, and we staff up sort of as needed for the project. You're going to staff up or you're going to outsource, do you think? AH: That's where it depends. I've kind of done both over the last eight or so years, and I sort of... There are two things. One, outsourcing is kind of, "You get what you pay for" sort of deal. Working cheaper doesn't necessarily mean working better. AH: But then you have to understand that it's not in your best interest financially to hire all these people on team and bring them in. But there are other outsourcing solutions for that sort of thing. I mean, there's definitely, especially these days, I think, a lot of talented people and a lot of talented companies out there here on the stateside that are doing great work. Like Brain Zoo, for example, who I've worked with several times. Those guys always create super quality work, and they outsource as well, and they're a solution for us as well, too. I just think that you could do that and still come up with really quality work. There are all sorts of communication issues going overseas, there are all sorts of management issues. You can't get feedback in time. One comment turns into three days of work. Yeah, I didn't mean outsourcing overseas necessarily. There are a lot of outsourcing options here as well, especially with the economy sucking. AH: Absolutely. Sure. That's totally an option. I think that those things all need to be kept on the table. You find a group of people that you really like to work with, and then you always send work back and forth, and start doing it that way. You can have just as much synergy with a group like that as you can have with having a full-time team in-house. Creators For the Win American games have become much more competitive with Japanese games than they've been historically, but one thing I feel they've lacked is a sense of a director, of cohesive vision -- and the result is good experiences that sometimes lack a full, emotional narrative. AH: I know what you're talking about, and I feel the exact same way as you do. It's something that I've talked about in the past as well, and I think that that absolutely needs to happen with games. It absolutely needs to happen. You need to have a guy who is there to maintain the vision every day and to make sure that he's looking at every aspect of the game as is necessary to really sort of judge whether these things are coming together the way they should or not. Too many times now, you really don't have people in those positions that understand the process of each department and how they need to work as well as they possibly should. They are either too busy to make good calls, or they just don't know enough to do it. I think that's where it's lacking, and I think that's where the game industry can take a lot of really good direction from the film industry. I think that we're really going to work on that. I think one factor the existing pay structure we have within games, wherein a game's director, lead designer or specific creative director has nowhere to go career-wise but executive level, and then they stop actually having direct influence on the game. AH: The answer that I have for that is that the games industry has sort of taken on this corporate structure that Hollywood doesn't really have when they work on films, right? In the corporate structure, you're moved up, and you're constantly moved up. And the thing that I don't think the corporate structure takes into account is that the best artist doesn't make the best manager. And so, what ends up happening is that you get a bunch of really good artists. You get a guy who's just a phenomenal artist, and you make him a manager of other artists. Is he really qualified to be a manager of other artists? No, probably not, because he's a really good artist, and artists are artists, right? They're not necessarily managers. And then he doesn't get to actually do art anymore. AH: Exactly. And so you lose access. KF: So, they get frustrated. AH: It really needs to be the way that you're talking about, right? Where the director is the director, who's the director every time. The producer is the producer, who's the producer all the time. And if he does a good job, you just pay the dude more. That's the way it is. I hope that we sort of structure things the same way. KF: Look at... Imagine Films is actually an example for that because you've got Brian Grazer and Ron Howard. You've got the great producer, the great director, and that's what they do. They find projects they're passionate about, and then they direct and produce it. They're not, "Now, we're the exec, and we're gonna shuttle this project and hire a director." It's like, "No, we fucking do these things." And that's the mentality we want to have. We find a great idea, we come up with a great idea or a great IP, I want Aaron fucking making the game. I don't want him sitting there hiring somebody to make the game. In Hollywood model, like the situation you're talking about with Imagine Films, for the logistics in all that, they hire people below them to deal with it. Whereas in games, you have people above you dictating that. And that's pretty weird. KF: Exactly. It's very backward. That's the one weird advantage that Titmouse Games has. We're not used to that model. We're used to that other model where it's creative driven. When a guy like Aaron comes in who's very passionate and very creative, we're not telling him, "No, you can't do that," we're saying, "Of course you can do that. Can you push that further?" We come from the right side of the brain, not the left side of the brain. We don't understand the limitations just yet. Eventually, I'm sure the business will dictate that. Right now, we're just, "fucking go for it." AH: When we worked on the Guitar Hero cinematics together, what was really cool about working with these guys is that I would write some of the cinematics, and I would just totally just go from here to here. And we knew there were budget constraints, budget limits, or whatever, but I wrote it out to here, and then we all sort of looked at it and said, "Okay, well then this is what we can do." There was a lot of good synergy -- I hate using that word -- between us and being able to work creatively together, which I think was awesome about coming together. KF: Right. Good collaborations. He would form the story beats, and we'd say, "We need to go from here to here to here to here. This is my vision of it." And then we'd get our directors, out storyboard artists, our writers, and we'd go, "Hey, how about this or this, and we can go from here." And it was very much like, "Yeah, sure, great! That sounds great!" It wasn't like, "No, I wrote it like this. Do it like that." It was a really creative, collaborative kind of thing, and that's what we're doing now. AH: Part of being creative and part of the whole process is trusting the people that you hire to get the job done. And I think there is a lot of -- and I've seen it sort of in the game industry -- mistrust in that I have these five artists working underneath me, but I kind of feel like I have to be on top of them all the time or they're not going to get it done. And that's just simply not the truth, you hire talented people because you need to trust them in order to get their job done. Who Hired You Again? Well, the issue there is -- not to interrupt you, but I did [laughs] -- sometimes, maybe I as a producer or director didn't hire these guys myself. KF: But I'm in charge of them now. Or if you've got a studio that's making the cutscenes, and, "Okay, I wrote this, but somebody else hired them, so I don't like their ideas. I wanted to work with someone I wanted to work with." AH: You're right about that. And one of the coolest things about Titmouse is we never have to outsource any of that stuff. We have a full-on animation studio here. We have top-notch graphic designers. We have top-notch concept artists. Like, we can do everything from the game to the commercial to the animated series that's going to go along with it. KF: Another thing, too, if Aaron's designing the game and I'm writing the cutscenes, he walks around the corner to my office and says, "Dude, that's not right. I don't like that." There's no like email chain back and forth for weeks going, "Can you get his agent on the phone? I need to tell him. I've got notes." It's like, "No no no, tell me dude. You're off message." "Oh, you want it like that? Cool. We can do that." Having a creative studio -- I think that is kind of a solution to a lot of that stuff, but obviously you need the biz side very much. To make a death clock analogy, you need the dude in the suit who's actually looking out for everyone. AH: We understand. [laughs] KF: Yeah. You know, it's funny, we do have the parents at the studio. You're obviously right. But as long as they know that they aren't necessarily making creative decisions. KF: That's the thing. And we have twenty people saying that. "I've got an idea!" And "I've got an idea!" As opposed to, "Well, our budget says you can only do this." No, we don't. AH: There are a lot of practical things about game development that you sort of have to keep in mind in order to ship a game in time, and that is you don't redesign things halfway through, that you stick with your vision and you do focus testing to improve and iterate on the things you've done, right? KF: You make that work. AH: Yeah, you make what you have work. You don't scrap things and start them over. Honestly, I've got to say that one of the coolest things is that part of the process is that in your head, you think something is really cool, and you think this is a really good idea. Well, you prototype it and give yourself a cut-off date. "This is my first playable. At my first playable, if the features work, they're in it. If they don't work and if they're not going to make it, then we cut them and they go away." It's harsh, but that's the way I think it should be done. To the Quick But you're mostly saying you should scrap early, right? I don't want to get you on record saying scrapping things is bad because that's how Blizzard has been so successful. AH: Sure, sure, sure. Like when StarCraft Ghost doesn't turn out to be what they thought, it's going away. KF: An analogy might be that it's just like an episode of Metalocalypse. I mean, it's like we animate the show, we have a certain percentage of retakes we can do, and it's like, "Pick your battles dude. You want to fix this scene, this scene, and this scene? Great, we can redo all that shit. But at the end of the day, our deadline's here, we drop here, we air here. Let's get it done. Let's make it work." And if everybody at the end of the day is willing to go, "Well, if I had a couple more months, I would have done this and that, but you know what? I don't. So, it's all good, and I believe in the show we delivered." And that's the way with the games, too. AH: I will say that on the feature side, just to clarify the whole scrapping thing, it's like you basically take your framework and you go, "Here are all the features that I want." And then you order them in priority up until a certain day. Let's call it a first playable, right? You take all those things and your order them, and you try to get them done. And you prioritize them from what's most important to the game to the least important to the game. If you can't make it by this first playable date, then it's a pretty good sign that it probably won't make it in the game, or if it does, it will be half-assed. So, you get what you can up to the first playable date, and then you do a solid review, and you say, "Hey, is this working or is this not working? Is it fun? Is this not fun?" You bring in a couple people to focus test it. If it's fun, you keep moving with it. If it's not fun, you drop it and you go. KF: And to keep that Blizzard mentality, if something comes along in the creative process, like, "Hey, wouldn't it be really cool if we did this?" "Well, that's not in the GDD, but it'd be cool. We can roll with that, too." We're very into kind of improvising. With the analogy again to Deathklok, it's like we go into the booth with the scripts, what comes out at the other end is pretty much 40 percent different from the script. We're all about that, but we're reasonable. We're a small company, we want to be smart, all the money shows up on the screen right now. There's not a bunch of overhead, there's not a bunch of waste. So, yeah, we have to make creative decisions and kind of stick to them. But they'll shift and stretch and things like that. Like, "Wow, we didn't know we could do this. Let's do it like that!" We're not the Simpsons. We're Metalocalypse. But that's okay for us, dude. We're fucking happy because we're proud of that shit, and we love it, and it's got its own niche. And that's what we do, and that's our brand. Games, the same way. We might not be Guitar Hero, but the shit we put out, Seven Haunted Seas, is going to be fucking badass. And the people that appreciate badass will love it. AH: And a Deathklok analogy that I keep bringing up is that either people have no idea what Metalocalypse is or Deathklok, or they do and they love it. It's a really interesting dichotic... KF: And we're comfortable. Like, if my mom doesn't know the game we put out, I'm okay with that. But if my brother knows it, fucking right on, you know? "Oh, I don't quite get it, but if these Titmouse guys are doing it, I'm sure it's going to be pretty interesting," you know what I mean? It's kind of that thing. Yeah, well you better do it, or else I'm going to be very disappointed. KF: We're doing it! [laughs] We're doing it just for you, Brandon.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	6,711	[ 128000, 8140, 12094, 25, 480, 29189, 78981, 4140, 91293, 42110, 77439, 36907, 77439, 87299, 480, 5744, 358, 37432, 4140, 25922, 22168, 480, 19268, 198, 51, 3036, 27956, 25, 17929, 4047, 5513, 6193, 1096, 198, 679, 16, 25, 362, 9941, 763, 22725, 1628, 8868, 8519, 4140, 71525, 198, 9642, 0, 39611, 16233, 354, 638, 25274, 5277, 292, 7913, 11, 51473, 481, 15064, 86067, 198, 60562, 17627, 67, 596, 356, 339, 360, 17156, 11, 58292, 315, 16290, 46069, 13484, 328, 6572, 220, 1041, 42, 10, 80668, 1952, 22578, 198, 60628, 23116, 5046, 4435, 5046, 64752, 198, 644, 12, 20361, 25, 32365, 8304, 18825, 11, 6664, 220, 679, 16, 198, 1451, 648, 25922, 15469, 5031, 277, 58166, 5414, 11871, 3234, 578, 62022, 198, 2028, 10563, 763, 8519, 4140, 34307, 42914, 25 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 8140, 12094, 25, 480, 29189, 78981, 4140, 91293, 42110, 77439, 36907, 77439, 87299, 480, 5744, 358, 37432, 4140, 25922, 22168, 480, 19268, 198, 51, 3036, 27956, 25, 17929, 4047, 5513, 6193, 1096, 198, 679, 16, 25, 362, 9941, 763, 22725, 1628, 8868, 8519, 4140, 71525, 198, 9642, 0, 39611, 16233, 354, 638, 25274, 5277, 292, 7913, 11, 51473, 481, 15064, 86067, 198, 60562, 17627, 67, 596, 356, 339, 360, 17156, 11, 58292, 315, 16290, 46069, 13484, 328, 6572, 220, 1041, 42, 10, 80668, 1952, 22578, 198, 60628, 23116, 5046, 4435, 5046, 64752, 198, 644, 12, 20361, 25, 32365, 8304, 18825, 11, 6664, 220, 679, 16, 198, 1451, 648, 25922, 15469, 5031, 277, 58166, 5414, 11871, 3234, 578, 62022, 198, 2028, 10563, 763, 8519, 4140, 34307, 42914, 25, -100 ]
S2o provides bank stabilization using various hardened bank and natural bank stabilization techniques. These techniques include riprap and boulder retaining walls, engineered wood and vegetative bio stabilization, and more passive river training structures such as bendway weirs and J-hooks. Our experience with high energy river designs brings a valuable knowledge of where different techniques will be successful.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	2,515	[ 128000, 50, 17, 78, 5825, 6201, 83938, 1701, 5370, 71836, 6201, 323, 5933, 6201, 83938, 12823, 627, 9673, 12823, 2997, 24169, 4714, 323, 293, 38734, 51110, 14620, 11, 46036, 7732, 323, 13294, 1413, 17332, 83938, 11, 323, 810, 28979, 15140, 4967, 14726, 1778, 439, 37920, 3195, 584, 17260, 323, 622, 79487, 13, 5751, 3217, 449, 1579, 4907, 15140, 14769, 12716, 264, 15525, 6677, 315, 1405, 2204, 12823, 690, 387, 6992, 13, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 50, 17, 78, 5825, 6201, 83938, 1701, 5370, 71836, 6201, 323, 5933, 6201, 83938, 12823, 627, 9673, 12823, 2997, 24169, 4714, 323, 293, 38734, 51110, 14620, 11, 46036, 7732, 323, 13294, 1413, 17332, 83938, 11, 323, 810, 28979, 15140, 4967, 14726, 1778, 439, 37920, 3195, 584, 17260, 323, 622, 79487, 13, 5751, 3217, 449, 1579, 4907, 15140, 14769, 12716, 264, 15525, 6677, 315, 1405, 2204, 12823, 690, 387, 6992, 13, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
Poufs Ottomans And Squares On Pinterest Square Pouf Ottoman Uploaded by admin in category Poufs. See also Krisztina Williams The Daily Find Ulani Outdoor Square Pouf Ottoman Square Pouf Ottoman from Poufs Topic. Here we have another image Multi Colored Ottomans Bellacor Square Pouf Ottoman featured under Poufs Ottomans And Squares On Pinterest Square Pouf Ottoman. We hope you enjoyed it and if you want to download the pictures in high quality, simply right click the image and choose "Save As". Thanks for reading Poufs Ottomans And Squares On Pinterest Square Pouf Ottoman.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	8,013	[ 128000, 47, 283, 3933, 24881, 316, 598, 1628, 20685, 5518, 1952, 26106, 15992, 90123, 69, 70110, 69304, 555, 4074, 304, 5699, 90123, 3933, 627, 10031, 1101, 53102, 11949, 2259, 13926, 578, 13690, 7531, 16991, 5676, 33782, 15992, 90123, 69, 70110, 15992, 90123, 69, 70110, 505, 90123, 3933, 34011, 627, 8586, 584, 617, 2500, 2217, 17896, 4349, 3093, 24881, 316, 598, 18366, 582, 269, 15992, 90123, 69, 70110, 15109, 1234, 90123, 3933, 24881, 316, 598, 1628, 20685, 5518, 1952, 26106, 15992, 90123, 69, 70110, 13, 1226, 3987, 499, 14333, 433, 323, 422, 499, 1390, 311, 4232, 279, 9364, 304, 1579, 4367, 11, 5042, 1314, 4299, 279, 2217, 323, 5268, 330, 8960, 1666, 3343, 11361, 369, 5403, 90123, 3933, 24881, 316, 598, 1628, 20685, 5518, 1952, 26106, 15992, 90123, 69 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 47, 283, 3933, 24881, 316, 598, 1628, 20685, 5518, 1952, 26106, 15992, 90123, 69, 70110, 69304, 555, 4074, 304, 5699, 90123, 3933, 627, 10031, 1101, 53102, 11949, 2259, 13926, 578, 13690, 7531, 16991, 5676, 33782, 15992, 90123, 69, 70110, 15992, 90123, 69, 70110, 505, 90123, 3933, 34011, 627, 8586, 584, 617, 2500, 2217, 17896, 4349, 3093, 24881, 316, 598, 18366, 582, 269, 15992, 90123, 69, 70110, 15109, 1234, 90123, 3933, 24881, 316, 598, 1628, 20685, 5518, 1952, 26106, 15992, 90123, 69, 70110, 13, 1226, 3987, 499, 14333, 433, 323, 422, 499, 1390, 311, 4232, 279, 9364, 304, 1579, 4367, 11, 5042, 1314, 4299, 279, 2217, 323, 5268, 330, 8960, 1666, 3343, 11361, 369, 5403, 90123, 3933, 24881, 316, 598, 1628, 20685, 5518, 1952, 26106, 15992, 90123, 69, -100 ]
In June 2015, Democrat State Rep. Anthony DeLuca proposed a new bill that would require bicyclists to wear reflective clothing at night. While the bill aims to protect cyclists and reduce risks of nighttime bicycle accidents, bike advocates are not keen on the idea. Consolidated Statutes. The statutes already currently mandate that cyclists have the following. Brakes that stop them in 15 feet from a speed of 15 m.p.h. If the bill passes, it will take effect in 60 days. Additionally, DeLuca explains to amend the bill with a provision that would allow police to fine cyclists for violations. Bicyclists currently have the option to take certain safety measures while riding at night, such as using reflective tape. "Some of the roads where I represent are narrow. It only takes a minute for someone to lose control, maybe the bicyclists or the motorist, and you got a tragedy. So if we can make it safer, and more people are going to be biking, then we oughta do that," DeLuca said, according to News Works. Those against the proposal, House Bill No. 1361, have publically expressed concerns that mandating cyclists to don more gear would be burdensome and ultimately discourage them from biking. They say that rather than slapping extra requirements on cyclists, all road users would be better served by instead focusing on better infrastructure, such as larger bike lanes or a separating median between bicycles and motor vehicles. Scott Bricker, head of Bike Pittsburgh, echoed the concerns in his open letter to DeLuca and the Majority and Minority House Transportation Committee Representatives. "Criminalizing the wearing of regular clothing while riding a bicycle is unacceptable, and if this bill becomes law it's our grave concern that people who walk will next be forced to don reflective clothing just to take a leisurely stroll in the evening. If the bright front and rear lights/reflectors are not enough, then we also need to look into the operation at night of motorcycles and black-painted automobile," he wrote. The bill is currently up for review by the Transportation Committee. For more news of interest to Pennsylvania cyclists, visit the Cordisco & Saile LLC bicycle accident blog.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	8,137	[ 128000, 644, 5651, 220, 679, 20, 11, 24846, 3314, 3402, 13, 21353, 1611, 50302, 936, 11223, 264, 502, 4121, 430, 1053, 1397, 52517, 566, 1705, 311, 10051, 52828, 17895, 520, 3814, 13, 6104, 279, 4121, 22262, 311, 6144, 56183, 323, 8108, 15635, 315, 93744, 36086, 33788, 11, 13260, 28424, 527, 539, 27989, 389, 279, 4623, 627, 15577, 5303, 660, 12442, 2142, 13, 578, 62282, 2736, 5131, 35381, 430, 56183, 617, 279, 2768, 627, 6971, 2094, 430, 3009, 1124, 304, 220, 868, 7693, 505, 264, 4732, 315, 220, 868, 296, 558, 870, 627, 2746, 279, 4121, 16609, 11, 433, 690, 1935, 2515, 304, 220, 1399, 2919, 13, 23212, 11, 1611, 50302, 936, 15100, 311, 30569, 279, 4121, 449, 264, 17575, 430, 1053, 2187, 4379, 311, 7060, 56183, 369, 27655 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 644, 5651, 220, 679, 20, 11, 24846, 3314, 3402, 13, 21353, 1611, 50302, 936, 11223, 264, 502, 4121, 430, 1053, 1397, 52517, 566, 1705, 311, 10051, 52828, 17895, 520, 3814, 13, 6104, 279, 4121, 22262, 311, 6144, 56183, 323, 8108, 15635, 315, 93744, 36086, 33788, 11, 13260, 28424, 527, 539, 27989, 389, 279, 4623, 627, 15577, 5303, 660, 12442, 2142, 13, 578, 62282, 2736, 5131, 35381, 430, 56183, 617, 279, 2768, 627, 6971, 2094, 430, 3009, 1124, 304, 220, 868, 7693, 505, 264, 4732, 315, 220, 868, 296, 558, 870, 627, 2746, 279, 4121, 16609, 11, 433, 690, 1935, 2515, 304, 220, 1399, 2919, 13, 23212, 11, 1611, 50302, 936, 15100, 311, 30569, 279, 4121, 449, 264, 17575, 430, 1053, 2187, 4379, 311, 7060, 56183, 369, 27655, -100 ]
George Henry Prismall (born 10 March 1915, date of death unknown) was an Australian rules footballer who played with the Brunswick Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) competition, and with the Essendon Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) competition. Family The son of Gladys Prismall, George Henry Prismall was born in Carlton, Victoria on 10 March 1915. Football Brunswick (VFA) Recruited from the Silvan Football Club in the Yarra Valley Football Association, he played his first match for Brunswick, on the half-back flank, against Preston on 20 May 1933. VFA suspension Prismall was reported on a charge of having kicked Sandringham's Bruce Scharp during the third quarter of the 11 August 1934 match at the Brunswick Football Ground. At the VFA Tribunal's hearing on 15 August 1934, the charge against Prismall was sustained, and he was disqualified for twelve matches. Essendon (VFL) On 12 June 1935, Prismall was granted a clearance "[from] Fitzroy and Brunswick to Essendon"; and, on 15 June 1935, he played his only First XVIII match for Essendon, against Fitzroy, at Windy Hill. Military service He served overseas with the British Merchant Navy during World War II. Notes References Maplestone, M., Flying Higher: History of the Essendon Football Club 1872–1996, Essendon Football Club, (Melbourne), 1996. External links George Prismal (sic), The VFA Project. 1915 births Year of death missing Australian rules footballers from Melbourne Essendon Football Club players Brunswick Football Club players British Merchant Navy personnel of World War II People from Carlton, Victoria Military personnel from Melbourne	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia" }	7,348	[ 128000, 40052, 18063, 73031, 543, 320, 16381, 220, 605, 5587, 220, 7529, 20, 11, 2457, 315, 4648, 9987, 8, 574, 459, 13673, 5718, 9141, 261, 889, 6476, 449, 279, 61250, 21424, 10349, 304, 279, 44277, 21424, 10229, 320, 53, 3711, 8, 10937, 11, 323, 449, 279, 13133, 92086, 21424, 10349, 304, 279, 44277, 21424, 9130, 320, 53, 6254, 8, 10937, 382, 15547, 198, 791, 4538, 315, 52741, 1065, 73031, 543, 11, 10058, 18063, 73031, 543, 574, 9405, 304, 90978, 11, 23225, 389, 220, 605, 5587, 220, 7529, 20, 382, 87423, 271, 95330, 57172, 320, 53, 3711, 340, 3905, 2739, 1639, 505, 279, 8211, 16023, 21424, 10349, 304, 279, 816, 80130, 13345, 21424, 10229, 11, 568, 6476, 813, 1176, 2489, 369, 61250, 11, 389, 279, 4376, 15825, 70592, 11 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 40052, 18063, 73031, 543, 320, 16381, 220, 605, 5587, 220, 7529, 20, 11, 2457, 315, 4648, 9987, 8, 574, 459, 13673, 5718, 9141, 261, 889, 6476, 449, 279, 61250, 21424, 10349, 304, 279, 44277, 21424, 10229, 320, 53, 3711, 8, 10937, 11, 323, 449, 279, 13133, 92086, 21424, 10349, 304, 279, 44277, 21424, 9130, 320, 53, 6254, 8, 10937, 382, 15547, 198, 791, 4538, 315, 52741, 1065, 73031, 543, 11, 10058, 18063, 73031, 543, 574, 9405, 304, 90978, 11, 23225, 389, 220, 605, 5587, 220, 7529, 20, 382, 87423, 271, 95330, 57172, 320, 53, 3711, 340, 3905, 2739, 1639, 505, 279, 8211, 16023, 21424, 10349, 304, 279, 816, 80130, 13345, 21424, 10229, 11, 568, 6476, 813, 1176, 2489, 369, 61250, 11, 389, 279, 4376, 15825, 70592, 11, -100 ]
The boil order for residents in the 300, 400 and 500 blocks of North 12th Street has been lifted. The boil order for residents in teh 300, 400 and 500 blocks of Woolf Court has been lifted. A boil order has been issued for the 300 & 400 blocks of South 3rd Street until further notice. The Rochelle Water Department will be repairing a main break in the 200 Block of South 11th Street on Thursday February 25th.Water may be turned off to make the repair. Affected residents are being notified by a flier on their door.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	9,568	[ 128000, 791, 44790, 2015, 369, 11062, 304, 279, 220, 3101, 11, 220, 3443, 323, 220, 2636, 10215, 315, 4892, 220, 717, 339, 6825, 706, 1027, 30831, 627, 791, 44790, 2015, 369, 11062, 304, 81006, 220, 3101, 11, 220, 3443, 323, 220, 2636, 10215, 315, 47400, 69, 7301, 706, 1027, 30831, 627, 32, 44790, 2015, 706, 1027, 11136, 369, 279, 220, 3101, 612, 220, 3443, 10215, 315, 4987, 220, 18, 6634, 6825, 3156, 4726, 5406, 627, 791, 36969, 6853, 10164, 6011, 690, 387, 68337, 264, 1925, 1464, 304, 279, 220, 1049, 8527, 315, 4987, 220, 806, 339, 6825, 389, 7950, 7552, 220, 914, 339, 1196, 977, 1253, 387, 6656, 1022, 311, 1304, 279, 13023, 13, 9947, 1599, 11062, 527, 1694, 30316, 555, 264, 282, 5741, 389, 872, 6134, 13 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 791, 44790, 2015, 369, 11062, 304, 279, 220, 3101, 11, 220, 3443, 323, 220, 2636, 10215, 315, 4892, 220, 717, 339, 6825, 706, 1027, 30831, 627, 791, 44790, 2015, 369, 11062, 304, 81006, 220, 3101, 11, 220, 3443, 323, 220, 2636, 10215, 315, 47400, 69, 7301, 706, 1027, 30831, 627, 32, 44790, 2015, 706, 1027, 11136, 369, 279, 220, 3101, 612, 220, 3443, 10215, 315, 4987, 220, 18, 6634, 6825, 3156, 4726, 5406, 627, 791, 36969, 6853, 10164, 6011, 690, 387, 68337, 264, 1925, 1464, 304, 279, 220, 1049, 8527, 315, 4987, 220, 806, 339, 6825, 389, 7950, 7552, 220, 914, 339, 1196, 977, 1253, 387, 6656, 1022, 311, 1304, 279, 13023, 13, 9947, 1599, 11062, 527, 1694, 30316, 555, 264, 282, 5741, 389, 872, 6134, 13, -100 ]
Get real rate quotes - not "estimates" When shopping for a life insurance policy, it's vital to know the distinction between term life insurance and cash value life insurance. Term life insurance lasts for your choice of a specified time (10, 15, 25 or 30 years) rather than up until death. Should you, the policyholder, die while coverage is in effect, the benefit goes to your designated beneficiaries, tax free. Should the policy end before death, you can renew it or let it expire. If you renew, the new premiums will be higher as your age and health are assessed anew. If it expires, there's no value or payout. You can cancel term life at any time, without penalty. Cash value life insurance, also called permanent insurance, however, lasts throughout your life and also accumulates value during that time. A portion of the premium payments go toward an account that grows tax-deferred over time. As the policyholder, you may borrow or pay premiums from it, but doing so will decrease the death benefit. Because of the cash value component, premiums are considerably higher than for term life policies. Cancelling a plan also often carries severe penalties. When you die, the stated benefit goes to your beneficiaries, tax free. Sometimes the cash value does, too, depending upon the terms of the individual policy. The decision ultimately comes down to your financial goals. If you want life insurance for a determined period of time, say, until your children graduate college, term life will meet that need. If you're looking to create wealth or ensure your heirs receive a benefit regardless of when you pass, cash value life may be a better fit.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	2,614	[ 128000, 1991, 1972, 4478, 17637, 482, 539, 330, 478, 48571, 702, 4599, 12185, 369, 264, 2324, 8276, 4947, 11, 433, 596, 16595, 311, 1440, 279, 30296, 1990, 4751, 2324, 8276, 323, 8515, 907, 2324, 8276, 627, 17695, 2324, 8276, 40758, 369, 701, 5873, 315, 264, 5300, 892, 320, 605, 11, 220, 868, 11, 220, 914, 477, 220, 966, 1667, 8, 4856, 1109, 709, 3156, 4648, 13, 12540, 499, 11, 279, 4947, 4346, 11, 2815, 1418, 10401, 374, 304, 2515, 11, 279, 8935, 5900, 311, 701, 24073, 61668, 11, 3827, 1949, 13, 12540, 279, 4947, 842, 1603, 4648, 11, 499, 649, 14195, 433, 477, 1095, 433, 33663, 13, 1442, 499, 14195, 11, 279, 502, 48607, 690, 387, 5190, 439, 701, 4325, 323, 2890, 527, 32448, 93392, 13, 1442, 433 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 1991, 1972, 4478, 17637, 482, 539, 330, 478, 48571, 702, 4599, 12185, 369, 264, 2324, 8276, 4947, 11, 433, 596, 16595, 311, 1440, 279, 30296, 1990, 4751, 2324, 8276, 323, 8515, 907, 2324, 8276, 627, 17695, 2324, 8276, 40758, 369, 701, 5873, 315, 264, 5300, 892, 320, 605, 11, 220, 868, 11, 220, 914, 477, 220, 966, 1667, 8, 4856, 1109, 709, 3156, 4648, 13, 12540, 499, 11, 279, 4947, 4346, 11, 2815, 1418, 10401, 374, 304, 2515, 11, 279, 8935, 5900, 311, 701, 24073, 61668, 11, 3827, 1949, 13, 12540, 279, 4947, 842, 1603, 4648, 11, 499, 649, 14195, 433, 477, 1095, 433, 33663, 13, 1442, 499, 14195, 11, 279, 502, 48607, 690, 387, 5190, 439, 701, 4325, 323, 2890, 527, 32448, 93392, 13, 1442, 433, -100 ]
Can I just once again state my love for it and hope it gets merged soon? Maybe the code isn't perfect, but I've skimmed it, and compared to the horrors that are OpenVPN and IPSec, it's a work of art. Information about the inner-workings of WireGuard are available on their website. Go here for instructions on connecting. Normally, WireGuard operates on a single UDP port defined by the server-side config. Thanks to our port striping v2 feature, you can connect to WireGuard using any of our OpenVPN hosts on any UDP port (from 1-29999). There's only one IP per server that WireGuard will use, but that's only for the "exit IP". That means you can connect to any of the OpenVPN IPs, but the IP the internet will see you as having might be different. These limits are independent from our OpenVPN setup. So if you have a one month (or one week) cryptostorm access token, you can connect one device using OpenVPN, and you can connect a device using WireGuard. WireGuard was designed with roaming in mind, so connecting two devices at the same time using the same WireGuard keys/configs wouldn't work. If you need to delete any WireGuard keys tied to your token, use this page. If your token expires, any WireGuard keys associated with that token will be removed from the network. So if you've got a weekly or monthly PayPal subscription where you get a new token every week/month, each time that new token comes in you will have to revisit https://cryptostorm.is/wireguard and generate new WireGuard keys/configs. Our free WireGuard server works the same as our "Cryptofree" service: bandwidth is throttled to roughly 160kbps down, 130kbps up. Not fast enough to watch any HD videos, but plenty of bandwidth for sending an email, browsing a website, IRC, etc. On our paid servers, our tests verify WireGuard is indeed much faster than OpenVPN. We've seen increased speeds anywhere from 25% to 60% compared to OpenVPN, depending on a variety of factors (client CPU/RAM/ISP, load/location of node, etc.). We can't impose limits on keys per token with our free WireGuard server since they aren't tied to tokens. So if you plan on using our free WireGuard service, you need to connect within 24 hours or your key will be deleted. You also need to keep using the service at least once a week. The reason for this is because our Cryptofree WireGuard setup uses 10.10.0.0/16 (65,534 IPs) for the internal networking. If we let people add keys without anything in place to delete unused keys, that 65,5354 max would be reached sooner or later.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	9,973	[ 128000, 6854, 358, 1120, 3131, 1578, 1614, 856, 3021, 369, 433, 323, 3987, 433, 5334, 27092, 5246, 5380, 22105, 279, 2082, 4536, 956, 4832, 11, 719, 358, 3077, 79669, 2106, 433, 11, 323, 7863, 311, 279, 70618, 430, 527, 5377, 56762, 323, 64257, 762, 11, 433, 596, 264, 990, 315, 1989, 627, 15218, 922, 279, 9358, 29721, 826, 315, 19940, 21471, 527, 2561, 389, 872, 3997, 627, 11087, 1618, 369, 11470, 389, 21583, 627, 95294, 11, 19940, 21471, 27149, 389, 264, 3254, 43494, 2700, 4613, 555, 279, 3622, 25034, 2242, 627, 12947, 311, 1057, 2700, 13619, 287, 348, 17, 4668, 11, 499, 649, 4667, 311, 19940, 21471, 1701, 904, 315, 1057, 5377, 56762, 18939, 389, 904, 43494, 2700, 320, 1527, 220, 16, 12, 15531, 1484, 4390, 3947, 596 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 6854, 358, 1120, 3131, 1578, 1614, 856, 3021, 369, 433, 323, 3987, 433, 5334, 27092, 5246, 5380, 22105, 279, 2082, 4536, 956, 4832, 11, 719, 358, 3077, 79669, 2106, 433, 11, 323, 7863, 311, 279, 70618, 430, 527, 5377, 56762, 323, 64257, 762, 11, 433, 596, 264, 990, 315, 1989, 627, 15218, 922, 279, 9358, 29721, 826, 315, 19940, 21471, 527, 2561, 389, 872, 3997, 627, 11087, 1618, 369, 11470, 389, 21583, 627, 95294, 11, 19940, 21471, 27149, 389, 264, 3254, 43494, 2700, 4613, 555, 279, 3622, 25034, 2242, 627, 12947, 311, 1057, 2700, 13619, 287, 348, 17, 4668, 11, 499, 649, 4667, 311, 19940, 21471, 1701, 904, 315, 1057, 5377, 56762, 18939, 389, 904, 43494, 2700, 320, 1527, 220, 16, 12, 15531, 1484, 4390, 3947, 596, -100 ]
Q: Weyl character formula for locally compact Lie groups. I was just wondering if there exists such a formula. Specifically I need to calculate characters of irreducible representations of GSp$(4,\mathbb{C})$. I know how to do it for the compact Lie group Sp$(4,\mathbb{C})$. Is there a way to extend this to account for GSp$(4,\mathbb{C})$? I know the structure of the roots and weights for GSp$(4,\mathbb{C})$ so is it ok to just use the WCF blindly in this situation? Also what would the Weyl group be?	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange" }	6,779	[ 128000, 48, 25, 468, 1216, 75, 3752, 15150, 369, 24392, 17251, 22213, 5315, 13, 358, 574, 1120, 20910, 422, 1070, 6866, 1778, 264, 15150, 13, 45863, 358, 1205, 311, 11294, 5885, 315, 25912, 79385, 44713, 315, 480, 6540, 8693, 19, 27362, 10590, 6194, 90, 34, 5525, 13244, 720, 40, 1440, 1268, 311, 656, 433, 369, 279, 17251, 22213, 1912, 3165, 8693, 19, 27362, 10590, 6194, 90, 34, 5525, 13244, 2209, 1070, 264, 1648, 311, 13334, 420, 311, 2759, 369, 480, 6540, 8693, 19, 27362, 10590, 6194, 90, 34, 5525, 3, 5380, 40, 1440, 279, 6070, 315, 279, 20282, 323, 14661, 369, 480, 6540, 8693, 19, 27362, 10590, 6194, 90, 34, 5525, 3, 779, 374, 433, 5509, 311, 1120, 1005, 279, 468, 9847, 89447, 304, 420, 6671, 5380, 13699 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 48, 25, 468, 1216, 75, 3752, 15150, 369, 24392, 17251, 22213, 5315, 13, 358, 574, 1120, 20910, 422, 1070, 6866, 1778, 264, 15150, 13, 45863, 358, 1205, 311, 11294, 5885, 315, 25912, 79385, 44713, 315, 480, 6540, 8693, 19, 27362, 10590, 6194, 90, 34, 5525, 13244, 720, 40, 1440, 1268, 311, 656, 433, 369, 279, 17251, 22213, 1912, 3165, 8693, 19, 27362, 10590, 6194, 90, 34, 5525, 13244, 2209, 1070, 264, 1648, 311, 13334, 420, 311, 2759, 369, 480, 6540, 8693, 19, 27362, 10590, 6194, 90, 34, 5525, 3, 5380, 40, 1440, 279, 6070, 315, 279, 20282, 323, 14661, 369, 480, 6540, 8693, 19, 27362, 10590, 6194, 90, 34, 5525, 3, 779, 374, 433, 5509, 311, 1120, 1005, 279, 468, 9847, 89447, 304, 420, 6671, 5380, 13699, -100 ]
A guy name David,speaking or lookn for a pizza place that's a $5 tax included. it did not set well with me I don't realize that MFer. this person is very good i thank she's a great person she wants to talk and text all day long i guess she would love to talk for you also!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! The land line phones in United States are managed by Advantage Cellular Systems. An individual code consisting of the phone exchange code and area code is assigned for each constituent of a city in United States. Nashville, Tennessee has 615 assigned to it. You can use the exchange code and area code to find out crucial information about that particular area in the United States. For doing so, you can use the latitude and longitude which in turn correspond to the 36.1225 and -86.75957 to find out the particular area on the map. This is a respectable contact from Anesthesia Medical Group. A member of family recently had surgery. It's a survey concerning the anesthesia services. In addition, their service was exceptional. Just got a number. Nothing, no voicemail. Dismiss it. I looked up the number and it's a fraud. They contact me multiple occasions a day despite the fact that I've thought to halt. Occasionally when I answer they hang up. It really is ridiculous. This is a registered msg that is recurring. call using this co. That doesn't identify themselves. It has been made to both my telephone numbers about the do not call registry.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	7,219	[ 128000, 32, 7564, 836, 6941, 10900, 375, 1802, 477, 1427, 77, 369, 264, 23317, 2035, 430, 596, 264, 400, 20, 3827, 5343, 13, 433, 1550, 539, 743, 1664, 449, 757, 358, 1541, 956, 13383, 430, 39354, 261, 627, 576, 1732, 374, 1633, 1695, 602, 9901, 1364, 596, 264, 2294, 1732, 1364, 6944, 311, 3137, 323, 1495, 682, 1938, 1317, 602, 8101, 1364, 1053, 3021, 311, 3137, 369, 499, 1101, 51767, 51767, 198, 791, 4363, 1584, 18084, 304, 3723, 4273, 527, 9152, 555, 71459, 88207, 15264, 13, 1556, 3927, 2082, 31706, 315, 279, 4641, 9473, 2082, 323, 3158, 2082, 374, 12893, 369, 1855, 75164, 315, 264, 3363, 304, 3723, 4273, 13, 37640, 11, 24097, 706, 220, 21385, 12893, 311, 433, 13, 1472, 649, 1005, 279, 9473, 2082, 323, 3158 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 32, 7564, 836, 6941, 10900, 375, 1802, 477, 1427, 77, 369, 264, 23317, 2035, 430, 596, 264, 400, 20, 3827, 5343, 13, 433, 1550, 539, 743, 1664, 449, 757, 358, 1541, 956, 13383, 430, 39354, 261, 627, 576, 1732, 374, 1633, 1695, 602, 9901, 1364, 596, 264, 2294, 1732, 1364, 6944, 311, 3137, 323, 1495, 682, 1938, 1317, 602, 8101, 1364, 1053, 3021, 311, 3137, 369, 499, 1101, 51767, 51767, 198, 791, 4363, 1584, 18084, 304, 3723, 4273, 527, 9152, 555, 71459, 88207, 15264, 13, 1556, 3927, 2082, 31706, 315, 279, 4641, 9473, 2082, 323, 3158, 2082, 374, 12893, 369, 1855, 75164, 315, 264, 3363, 304, 3723, 4273, 13, 37640, 11, 24097, 706, 220, 21385, 12893, 311, 433, 13, 1472, 649, 1005, 279, 9473, 2082, 323, 3158, -100 ]
Learn Tai Chi, Articles, Videos, Resources and More BEGINNERS PDF TAI CHI BASICS BALANCE EXERCISE WALKING EXERCISE TAI CHI BREATHING EXERCISE TAI CHI COURSES 21st century tai chi Ideas to bridge the space between thought and action THE TWITTER HISTORY OF TAI CHI IN 5 SIMPLE STAGES The teapotmOnk presents the totally-unsubstantiated, two-minute version of the History of Tai Chi Chuan. A version that takes into account a world suffering from attention deficiency and a world raised on a diet of social media updates and twitter length items. A slight familiarity with some of the characters and historical time-line of the martial arts may be of some assistance... Stage 1: The Mongoose In the beginning, the world was composed of 10,000 things, mostly serpents and mongooses fighting each other in an unobserved manner. Later, a few human beings occupied the planet, mostly stiff and awkward types practicing single martial postures, bringing to mind those displayed by John Saxon in Enter the Dragon. John Saxon and Jim Kelly in Enter the Dragon Stage 2: The Pritt Stick Onto this stage comes Chang San Feng, possibly the most renowned mongoose observer of his time, and a dab hand at sticking together otherwise fragmented John Saxon like postures. With his trusty orang-utan buddy, Chang San Feng fuses the moves into a single simian form and changes forever the nature of the internal arts and the private life of the average mongoose. (Read the exclusive interview with his Simian buddy about life with Chang San Feng in ONE LAST THING - see below) The infamous sticking tool Stage 3: The Peeking Several centuries later, in The Village of the Chens, the legacy of Chang San Feng was held hostage until a certain outsider named Yang Lu Chan 'the invincible', peeked into the Chen training halls, video-taped their secret routines and uploaded them onto YouTube and at last the secret was out. When the Chens were sent an anonymous email with a link to YLC's video channel, they dragged him into their lair where - he reputedly 'whupped' the entire clan with one little finger and thereafter changed the direction of Tai Chi forever. (See reconstruction of Yang Lu Chan's Visit to the "Village of the Chens" in One Last Thing - see below) Yang Lu Chan ( I am not a Number!) as he appears in the book One Last Thing Stage 4: From Invincibility to Commercial Viability The Video-Peeker's Grandson, Yang Chen Fu - a large and somewhat rotund figure - was burdened with the responsibility of continuing the lineage, so he peeked and learnt from the violent clashes of the Chinese Boxers and Foreign firearms so prevalent during the period. Discovering to his surprise that his generation had inherited little of his grandfathers invincibility, and without even sending a tweet to the Chen's - he unilaterally shifted the balance away from Tai Chi Chuan - as the Ultimate Martial Fist - to that of simply 'Tai Chi' the Ultimate exercise regime for all shapes and sizes. (Read a Fly-On-The-Wall account of Yang Chen Fu's decision to drop the Invincibility tag and to take Tai Chi down the Internal Path - in One Last Thing - see below) Stage 5: Shifting Sands After this, the world shifts continues to evolve, and some practitioners decide to evolve with it, whilst others carry on bending spears with their necks and pretending they are still in the 18th century. Some bits of Tai Chi flee political change by going West. Some bits stay in Asia. Everything changes, however, because it is in the nature of things to do so. In fact, some argue that Tai Chi is built on such foundations and is destined to effortlessly adapt to another time, language, culture and society. Sadly, such evolution is then criticised for the next 50 years for having adapted from the Chen Lair, and stiff and unbending types all over the world fight to re-establish things the way they were, back before the time of the peeker, back before Mongooses were observed; with the aim of shielding us from the Weapons of Mass Information. And thus ends the twitter history of Tai Chi Chuan. Click on image for more info the untold history of the martial arts This Twitter snippet comes from One Last Thing: A completely re-written history of the martial arts philosophy and practice featuring Bruce Lee, Chuck Norris, Krishnamurti, Kwai Chang Caine from the TV Kung Fu series, Rocky, Mas Oyama, Alan Watts, Dr- Who and a host of others in this mash-up of popular culture and iconography. Learn More here and watch the video below. "My imagination is a monastery, and I am its monk" John Keats Thanks for visiting. Take a look at the best Tai Chi articles, introductory courses and complete courses, books and music videos. If you have a question, or looking for private classes, affiliate links, drop me a line here. or subscribe for some great Tai Chi stuff delivered to your inbox. Tai Chi For Beginners: Top 10 Questions What is Tai Chi? The Best Articles on Tai Chi - or Recent Articles Tai Chi Books by Paul Read or Top 10 Books on Tai Chi Tai Chi Music 1 and the Best Video Music Tracks 2 Gifts for The Tai Chi Person in Your Life	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	9,148	[ 128000, 24762, 22448, 34382, 11, 29461, 11, 20114, 11, 16607, 323, 4497, 198, 38688, 45, 4419, 11612, 198, 15559, 40, 6969, 40, 10998, 19645, 198, 92360, 8606, 4154, 28534, 9311, 198, 54, 37550, 1753, 4154, 28534, 9311, 198, 15559, 40, 6969, 40, 81662, 4932, 1753, 4154, 28534, 9311, 198, 15559, 40, 6969, 40, 54548, 29095, 198, 1691, 267, 9478, 53637, 26883, 198, 75344, 300, 311, 14497, 279, 3634, 1990, 3463, 323, 1957, 198, 17673, 36655, 60937, 62879, 3083, 350, 15836, 6969, 40, 2006, 220, 20, 92584, 4015, 11488, 198, 791, 1028, 91001, 76, 1966, 74, 18911, 279, 12756, 20486, 2008, 4811, 10234, 11, 1403, 24401, 2373, 315, 279, 11346, 315, 22448, 34382, 921, 10602, 13, 362, 2373, 430, 5097, 1139, 2759, 264, 1917, 16066, 505, 6666, 48294, 323 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 24762, 22448, 34382, 11, 29461, 11, 20114, 11, 16607, 323, 4497, 198, 38688, 45, 4419, 11612, 198, 15559, 40, 6969, 40, 10998, 19645, 198, 92360, 8606, 4154, 28534, 9311, 198, 54, 37550, 1753, 4154, 28534, 9311, 198, 15559, 40, 6969, 40, 81662, 4932, 1753, 4154, 28534, 9311, 198, 15559, 40, 6969, 40, 54548, 29095, 198, 1691, 267, 9478, 53637, 26883, 198, 75344, 300, 311, 14497, 279, 3634, 1990, 3463, 323, 1957, 198, 17673, 36655, 60937, 62879, 3083, 350, 15836, 6969, 40, 2006, 220, 20, 92584, 4015, 11488, 198, 791, 1028, 91001, 76, 1966, 74, 18911, 279, 12756, 20486, 2008, 4811, 10234, 11, 1403, 24401, 2373, 315, 279, 11346, 315, 22448, 34382, 921, 10602, 13, 362, 2373, 430, 5097, 1139, 2759, 264, 1917, 16066, 505, 6666, 48294, 323, -100 ]
The Supreme Court ruled today in Doe v Reed that individuals who sign referendum petitions generally do not have a First Amendment right to remain anonymous. But the Court also held that courts should consider the particular facts in any given case to determine whether anonymity is constitutionally required. Blocking disclosure would be constitutional, the Court holds, "if there were a reasonable probability that the group's members would face threats, harassment, or reprisals if their names were disclosed." Protect Marriage argued that individuals who oppose lgbt rights fear harm because of possible retaliation by lgbt advocates, and therefore should have their identities kept private. The Court ruled that release of names and addresses of petition signers was normally justified by the state's interest in protecting against election fraud, i.e., against individuals signing a petition multiple times and/or using forged or invented names. The case will now go back to the lower courts for a determination of whether there is a reasonable probability that signers of this petition would suffer harm if their identifying information is released. Key to that assessment will be evidence that the fear of such harm is exaggerated or fabricated. An excellent amicus brief filed by Lambda Legal and several other lgbt organizations was before the Court in Reed, and was doubtless a factor in producing some of the strong language in the Sotomayor and Stevens opinions (see below). Although the bottom line result was a lopsided 8 to 1 split among the Justices (Thomas dissented), the reasoning was fragmented. The opinion of the Court, written by Chief Justice Roberts, stressed that the state had ample justification for treating referendum petitions as releasable public records, absent a showing of special circumstances. Justice Scalia, on the other hand, concurred in the result but wrote separately to make clear that he believed that there never should be an exception made to the law providing for name disclosure. Other concurring opinions favoring disclosure, and suggesting that this would hold true for the R-71 names, were written by Justices Sotomayor and Stevens. …[T]he process of legislating by referendum is inherently public. To qualify a referendum for the ballot, citizens are required to sign a petition and supply identifying information to the State. The act of signing typically occurs in public, and the circulators who collect and submit signatures ordinarily owe signers no guarantee of confidentiality. For persons with the "civic courage" to participate in this process, (opinion of Scalia, J.), the State's decision to make accessible what they voluntarily place in the public sphere should not deter them from engaging in the expressive act of petition signing. Disclosure of the identity of petition signers, moreover, in no way directly impairs the ability of anyone to speak and associate for political ends either publicly or privately. Case-specific relief may be available when a State selectively applies a facially neutral petition disclosure rule in a manner that discriminates based on the content of referenda or the viewpoint of petition signers, or in the rare circumstance in which disclosure poses a reasonable probability of serious and widespread harassment that the State is unwilling or unable to control. Cf. NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson, 357 U. S. 449 (1958). Allowing case-specific invalidation under a more forgiving standard would unduly diminish the substantial breathing room States are afforded to adopt and implement reasonable, nondiscriminatory measures like the disclosure requirement now at issue. Accordingly, courts presented with an as-applied challenge to a regulation authorizing the disclosure of referendum petitions should be deeply skeptical of any assertion that the Constitution,which embraces political transparency, compels States to conceal the identity of persons who seek to participate in lawmaking through a state-created referendum process. Any burden on speech that petitioners posit is speculative as well as indirect. For an as-applied challenge to a law such as the [Public Records Act] to succeed, there would have to be a significant threat of harassment directed at those who sign the petition that cannot be mitigated bylaw enforcement measures. Moreover, the character of the law challenged in a referendum does not, in itself, affect the analysis. Debates about tax policy and regulation of private property can become just as heated as debates about domestic partnerships. And as a general matter, it is very difficult to show that by later disclosing the names of petition signatories, individuals will be less willing to sign petitions. Just as we have in the past, I would demand strong evidence before concluding that an indirect and speculative chain of events imposes a substantial burden on speech. A statute "is not to be upset upon hypothetical and unreal possibilities, if it would be good upon the facts as they are." The widespread harassment and intimidation suffered by supporters of California's Proposition 8 provides strong support for an as-applied exemption in the present case…[I]f the evidence relating to Proposition 8 is not sufficient to obtain an as-applied exemption in this case, one may wonder whether that vehicle provides any meaningful protection for the First Amendment rights of persons who circulate and sign referendum and initiative petitions. The only Justice who did not write or join an opinion other than the opinion of the Court was Justice Kennedy. In sum, this battle isn't over yet, although Protect Marriage will have to meet an extremely high standard to block the release of names. In my view, this is exactly the right result. I would not have been comfortable with a ruling declaring that there could never be constitutional protection for keeping the identities of petition signers private. At the same time, four Justices make quite clear that they are suspicious that the manufactured hysteria over fear of gay retribution is just that.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	1,785	[ 128000, 791, 13814, 7301, 21989, 3432, 304, 50728, 348, 36521, 430, 7931, 889, 1879, 30798, 75554, 8965, 656, 539, 617, 264, 5629, 22454, 1314, 311, 7293, 22939, 13, 2030, 279, 7301, 1101, 5762, 430, 19359, 1288, 2980, 279, 4040, 13363, 304, 904, 2728, 1162, 311, 8417, 3508, 49612, 374, 16812, 750, 2631, 627, 49366, 28957, 1053, 387, 25543, 11, 279, 7301, 10187, 11, 330, 333, 1070, 1051, 264, 13579, 19463, 430, 279, 1912, 596, 3697, 1053, 3663, 18208, 11, 26425, 11, 477, 31736, 285, 1147, 422, 872, 5144, 1051, 36489, 10246, 62647, 47199, 18784, 430, 7931, 889, 34134, 326, 9701, 83, 3268, 8850, 11682, 1606, 315, 3284, 61449, 555, 326, 9701, 83, 28424, 11, 323, 9093, 1288, 617, 872, 40521, 8774, 879, 13, 578, 7301, 21989, 430, 4984 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 791, 13814, 7301, 21989, 3432, 304, 50728, 348, 36521, 430, 7931, 889, 1879, 30798, 75554, 8965, 656, 539, 617, 264, 5629, 22454, 1314, 311, 7293, 22939, 13, 2030, 279, 7301, 1101, 5762, 430, 19359, 1288, 2980, 279, 4040, 13363, 304, 904, 2728, 1162, 311, 8417, 3508, 49612, 374, 16812, 750, 2631, 627, 49366, 28957, 1053, 387, 25543, 11, 279, 7301, 10187, 11, 330, 333, 1070, 1051, 264, 13579, 19463, 430, 279, 1912, 596, 3697, 1053, 3663, 18208, 11, 26425, 11, 477, 31736, 285, 1147, 422, 872, 5144, 1051, 36489, 10246, 62647, 47199, 18784, 430, 7931, 889, 34134, 326, 9701, 83, 3268, 8850, 11682, 1606, 315, 3284, 61449, 555, 326, 9701, 83, 28424, 11, 323, 9093, 1288, 617, 872, 40521, 8774, 879, 13, 578, 7301, 21989, 430, 4984, -100 ]
Whenever Apple releases a new version of iPhone OS or iTunes, one of the most frequently asked questions by users who have jailbroken and/or unlocked their iPhone is whether it is safe to download and install them. MuscleNerd from the iPhone Dev Team has answered this question for us about iPhone OS 3.1 and iTunes 9 that were released by Apple at the special event today. He has reconfirmed the warning iPhone Dev Team had given yesterday asking iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS users who had jailbroken and/or unlocked their iPhone to avoid upgrading to iPhone OS 3.1. iPhone OS 3.1 updates the iPhone OS as well as the modem firmware (from 04.26.08 in iPhone OS 3.0 to 05.11.07). So users who have jailbroken their iPhone and want to unlock it will have to wait for the iPhone Dev Team to release an updated version of their PwnageTool, which will allow them to update the OS without updating the modem firmware. If you want to only jailbreak your iPhone and don't care about unlocking; even then you are better off waiting for Dev Team to release PwnageTool as you'll end up losing your jailbreak if you update to iPhone OS 3.1 now and you could permanently also lose the option of unlocking your iPhone in the future. He has also clarified that it is safe to upgrade to iTunes 9 even if you have jailbroken or unlocked your iPhone. So this should answer your questions about iPhone OS 3.1 and iTunes 9, if you have jailbroken or unlocked your iPhone.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	1,501	[ 128000, 65361, 8325, 19786, 264, 502, 2373, 315, 12443, 10293, 477, 13323, 11, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 14134, 4691, 4860, 555, 3932, 889, 617, 17999, 50009, 323, 5255, 36718, 872, 12443, 374, 3508, 433, 374, 6220, 311, 4232, 323, 4685, 1124, 627, 62698, 9326, 45, 14685, 505, 279, 12443, 6168, 8068, 706, 19089, 420, 3488, 369, 603, 922, 12443, 10293, 220, 18, 13, 16, 323, 13323, 220, 24, 430, 1051, 6004, 555, 8325, 520, 279, 3361, 1567, 3432, 627, 1548, 706, 312, 42128, 279, 10163, 12443, 6168, 8068, 1047, 2728, 13985, 10371, 12443, 220, 18, 38, 323, 12443, 220, 18, 16929, 3932, 889, 1047, 17999, 50009, 323, 5255, 36718, 872, 12443, 311, 5766, 47035, 311, 12443, 10293, 220, 18, 13, 16, 627, 45840, 10293, 220, 18, 13, 16 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 65361, 8325, 19786, 264, 502, 2373, 315, 12443, 10293, 477, 13323, 11, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 14134, 4691, 4860, 555, 3932, 889, 617, 17999, 50009, 323, 5255, 36718, 872, 12443, 374, 3508, 433, 374, 6220, 311, 4232, 323, 4685, 1124, 627, 62698, 9326, 45, 14685, 505, 279, 12443, 6168, 8068, 706, 19089, 420, 3488, 369, 603, 922, 12443, 10293, 220, 18, 13, 16, 323, 13323, 220, 24, 430, 1051, 6004, 555, 8325, 520, 279, 3361, 1567, 3432, 627, 1548, 706, 312, 42128, 279, 10163, 12443, 6168, 8068, 1047, 2728, 13985, 10371, 12443, 220, 18, 38, 323, 12443, 220, 18, 16929, 3932, 889, 1047, 17999, 50009, 323, 5255, 36718, 872, 12443, 311, 5766, 47035, 311, 12443, 10293, 220, 18, 13, 16, 627, 45840, 10293, 220, 18, 13, 16, -100 ]
Fintech Legal Report—Week of October 28, 2022 By Sam Boro, Samuel Klein, Monica Jang & Ross Handler on October 28, 2022 Posted in Consumer Finance, Industry Updates, Regulatory Updates The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) issued a circular and compliance bulletin providing guidance on two junk fee practices—surprise overdraft fees and surprise depositor fees—that it concluded are likely unfair, and therefore unlawful, under the Consumer Financial Protection Act (CFPA). The director of the CFPB announced that the agency plans to launch a rule-making process that will provide for personal financial data rights, seeking to move toward a more decentralized and neutral consumer financial market structure. According to news reports, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is investigating whether Visa and Mastercard are restricting debit-card routing competition, particularly through the way in which they use security tokens for online payments. CFPB Issues Guidance To Help Banks Avoid Charging Illegal Junk Fees on Deposit Accounts On October 26, 2022, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) issued guidance on two junk fee practices—surprise overdraft fees and surprise depositor fees—that it concluded are likely unfair, and therefore unlawful, under the Consumer Financial Protection Act (CFPA). Surprise overdraft fees. The first practice involves overdraft fees assessed by financial institutions on transactions that a consumer would not reasonably anticipate. While the CFPB notes that unanticipated overdraft fees may arise in a variety of circumstances, the agency focuses on one example in particular: overdraft fees assessed when consumers have enough money in their account to cover a debit charge at the time a bank authorizes it, but due to intervening settlements or other complex processes, the consumes balance is insufficient at the time of settlement (sometimes referred to as "authorize positive, settle negative" or "APSN" transactions). According to the CFPB's circular, unanticipated overdraft fees inflict a substantial injury on consumers, considering that these fees may total up to $36 and be assessed more than once. In addition, the CFPB's circular finds that consumers cannot reasonably avoid these unanticipated overdraft fees for a variety of reasons. For instance, financial institutions use complex policies to assess these fees that are often not clear to consumers (e.g., timing gaps between authorization and settlement, using one kind of balance over another when calculating fees, and ordering transactions in certain ways prior to processing). Furthermore, the circular notes that consumers increasingly make use of mobile banking tools, which could lead them to think the balance shown accurately reflects the balance available to conduct transactions. Under these circumstances, the CFPB's circular concludes that it is difficult for consumers to reasonably anticipate when a transaction may give rise to an overdraft fee (and thereby avoid said fee). Finally, the CFPB's circular finds that the injury from these unanticipated overdraft fees is likely not outweighed by countervailing benefits to consumers or competition. In particular, the CFPB does not find it plausible that the ability to generate revenue through such fees allows for lower account or maintenance fees that would outweigh the substantial injury, and the agency notes that economic research suggests shifting costs from front-end prices to back-end fees risks harming competition. Surprise depositor fees. The second practice involves indiscriminately charging depositor fees to every person who deposits a check that bounces, which the CFPB similarly concludes is likely unfair. As a matter of prosecutorial discretion, the CFPB does not intend to seek monetary relief for potential unfair practices regarding surprise depositor fees assessed prior to November 1, 2023. According to the CFPB's bulletin, these fees also inflict a substantial injury on consumers, and in many instances, consumers likely would not be able to reasonably avoid them (considering that consumers depositing checks would normally be unaware of and have little control over whether check originators have funds in their account). The CFPB notes, however, that it is unlikely an institution will violate the prohibition on unfair acts or practices if the method by which fees are imposed is tailored to only charge consumers who could reasonably avoid injury—for example, by only charging consumers a fee if they repeatedly deposit bad checks from the same originator, or when checks are unsigned. The CFPB bulletin also advises institutions that it may be difficult to show that the injury from blanket policies of charging surprise depositor fees is outweighed by countervailing benefits to consumers or competition. Benefits to depository institutions are not necessarily benefits to consumers; and the fees are not well-tailored to recoup costs from consumers who are responsible for the costs imposed on depository institutions for expected losses. The CFPB bulletin acknowledges that deterring consumers from depositing checks that will be returned may benefit them and the public interest but underscores that this can only be accomplished through the collection of targeted (rather than indiscriminate) fees. As to benefits to competition, the CFPB bulletin highlights arguments similar to those raised with respect to unanticipated overdraft fees, i.e., that these add-on fees may have a distortionary market effect that makes it more difficult to compete on transparent prices. The CFPB's circular and bulletin are the most recent announcements regarding the agency's junk fee initiative, which is one of many efforts across the federal government focused on this issue. More broadly, the Biden-Harris administration seeks to reduce or eliminate junk fees across a range of industries, such as banking services, cable and internet bills, and airlines and concert tickets. CFPB Director Says Draft Financial Data Rights Rule Coming On October 25, the director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) said that the agency plans to launch a rulemaking process that will provide for personal financial data rights by activating an authority under Section 1033 of the Consumer Financial Protection Act (CFPA). While not explicitly embracing an open banking or open finance rule, the CFPB director stated that the proposed rule will seek to obligate financial institutions to share consumer data upon consumer request, empower people to break up with banks that provide bad service, and unleash more market competition. The CFPB director highlighted three areas in which the agency expects to focus its upcoming rulemaking: Data sharing. The CFPB expects to propose requirements that financial institutions offering deposit accounts, credit cards, digital wallets, prepaid cards, and other transactions accounts set up secure methods for data sharing (such as application programming interfaces (API)). Through data sharing, the CFPB seeks to facilitate new approaches to underwriting, payment services, personal financial management, income verification, account switching, and comparison shopping. While the agency is starting with these particular transaction accounts, it expects to cover more products in the future. Data use limitations. In addition, the CFPB expects to look at ways to stop incumbent institutions from improperly restricting access when consumers seek to control and share their data. In particular, the CFPB plans to develop requirements to limit misuse and abuse of financial data (including frauds and scams), as well as to ensure that when consumers share their data for a specific use, that use is the only one for which the data will be used. Contending that "Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act privacy rules don't give consumers meaningful control over how their data is being used," the CFPB director stated that the agency expects to look at alternatives to the notice-and-opt-out regime. Safeguards against monopolization. Finally, the CFPB expects to explore safeguards to prevent excessive control or monopolization by one or a handful of firms. Emphasizing that it is "critical that no one owns critical infrastructure," the CFPB director stated that a "decentralized, open ecosystem will yield the most benefits for creators and consumers alike." Moving forward, the CFPB will publicly release a discussion guide on which small firms can weigh in as part of the agency's obligation to convene a panel of small businesses before issuing a proposed rule. Through this process, the CFPB anticipates hearing from small banks and financial companies that provide and ingest data, as well as from intermediary data brokers who facilitate data transfers. In the first quarter of 2023, the CFPB will publish a report on the input it receives, which will inform the proposed rule it plans to issue later in 2023. The agency hopes to finalize the rule in 2024. FTC Examining Whether Payment Networks' Security Tokens Prevent Online Debit Card Payments From Being Processed to Other Networks On October 17, 2022, the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) reported that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is investigating whether Visa and Mastercard are restricting debit card routing competition, particularly through the way in which they use security tokens for online payments. Generally, when an individual stores a card in a digital wallet, the card number is replaced with a security token, usually provided by the card's network (e.g., Visa or Mastercard). When a purchase is made, the security token, rather than the card's actual number, is sent to a payment network. Visa and Mastercard have pushed to increase tokenization, noting that tokens help protect cards from fraud. When a card number is tokenized, however, only the payment network that tokenized the card can understand the token and reassociate it with an actual card. This makes it easy for security tokens to process those payment networks that provided the security token in the first place. Alternatively, a payment network could unscramble its token so that a transaction can be handled by another network. According to the WSJ, the FTC is looking into whether Visa and Mastercard have been limiting the information they send when enabling online payments to go over different networks. This alleged practice may increase the chance that the card's issuing bank will reject the transaction when it is handled by the different network. The FTC is also looking into whether Visa and Mastercard are restricting competition when consumers store their debit card information on a merchant's website or app, as tokens are often used in these circumstances as well. For the last few years, the FTC has been probing whether Visa and Mastercard block merchants from routing payments over other debit card networks. The WSJ reported, however, that the FTC's current probe into the payment networks' security tokens may be linked to recent action from the Federal Reserve, which clarified that banks must enable at least two networks on all debit card transactions, including online payments. Sam Boro Read more about Sam Boro Samuel Klein is a graduate of the American University Washington College of Law, where he was a member of the American University Law Review. 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Get a monthly baby box with everything you need with Parasol Co Diapers & Wipes Subscription. Each boxes features Ultra-soft Diapers in any of three beautiful diaper design collections as well as velvety baby wipes you can't get anywhere else. Diapers Only Subscription – includes 4 giant packs of diapers. Customize your subscription and change your delivery frequency, collection, size, or cancel at any time. Subscribe to Parasol Co Diapers & Wipes Subscription today so you're always stocked no matter where you are. How would you rate Parasol ?	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	2,319	[ 128000, 1991, 264, 15438, 8945, 3830, 449, 4395, 499, 1205, 449, 94137, 337, 3623, 7923, 9724, 612, 468, 9100, 30717, 13, 9062, 15039, 4519, 29313, 12, 3594, 7923, 9724, 304, 904, 315, 2380, 6366, 76853, 2955, 15661, 439, 1664, 439, 9231, 85, 2676, 8945, 84638, 499, 649, 956, 636, 12660, 775, 627, 22427, 9724, 8442, 30717, 1389, 5764, 220, 19, 14880, 31406, 315, 83962, 627, 10480, 553, 701, 15493, 323, 2349, 701, 9889, 11900, 11, 4526, 11, 1404, 11, 477, 9299, 520, 904, 892, 627, 29673, 311, 94137, 337, 3623, 7923, 9724, 612, 468, 9100, 30717, 3432, 779, 499, 2351, 2744, 71116, 912, 5030, 1405, 499, 527, 627, 4438, 1053, 499, 4478, 94137, 337, 949, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 1991, 264, 15438, 8945, 3830, 449, 4395, 499, 1205, 449, 94137, 337, 3623, 7923, 9724, 612, 468, 9100, 30717, 13, 9062, 15039, 4519, 29313, 12, 3594, 7923, 9724, 304, 904, 315, 2380, 6366, 76853, 2955, 15661, 439, 1664, 439, 9231, 85, 2676, 8945, 84638, 499, 649, 956, 636, 12660, 775, 627, 22427, 9724, 8442, 30717, 1389, 5764, 220, 19, 14880, 31406, 315, 83962, 627, 10480, 553, 701, 15493, 323, 2349, 701, 9889, 11900, 11, 4526, 11, 1404, 11, 477, 9299, 520, 904, 892, 627, 29673, 311, 94137, 337, 3623, 7923, 9724, 612, 468, 9100, 30717, 3432, 779, 499, 2351, 2744, 71116, 912, 5030, 1405, 499, 527, 627, 4438, 1053, 499, 4478, 94137, 337, 949, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
Glenea kinabaluensis é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae. Foi descrito por Warren Samuel Fisher em 1935. É conhecida a sua existência em Bornéo. Referências Borneo catalog 2005 kinabaluensis Coleópteros descritos em 1935	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia" }	5,070	[ 128000, 32641, 1994, 64, 24890, 370, 38086, 87778, 4046, 10832, 16948, 20243, 648, 409, 3920, 62753, 6292, 3067, 2138, 76472, 28764, 309, 1729, 66, 114405, 13, 435, 6870, 6697, 29141, 4247, 26713, 33007, 36604, 991, 220, 7285, 20, 13, 220, 29124, 71583, 4849, 264, 19906, 3073, 24625, 991, 38916, 89577, 382, 48547, 64909, 271, 33, 17334, 78, 16808, 220, 1049, 20, 271, 8148, 370, 38086, 87778, 198, 99280, 1832, 418, 6398, 6697, 95112, 991, 220, 7285, 20, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 32641, 1994, 64, 24890, 370, 38086, 87778, 4046, 10832, 16948, 20243, 648, 409, 3920, 62753, 6292, 3067, 2138, 76472, 28764, 309, 1729, 66, 114405, 13, 435, 6870, 6697, 29141, 4247, 26713, 33007, 36604, 991, 220, 7285, 20, 13, 220, 29124, 71583, 4849, 264, 19906, 3073, 24625, 991, 38916, 89577, 382, 48547, 64909, 271, 33, 17334, 78, 16808, 220, 1049, 20, 271, 8148, 370, 38086, 87778, 198, 99280, 1832, 418, 6398, 6697, 95112, 991, 220, 7285, 20, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
Just living in today's world is stressful for everyone, let alone a child struggling with autism. What is important for an ASD child is to reduce the stressors in his or her environment so that the child is not reactive to the world they live in. This may mean less noise, improved lighting, better air quality, pure filtered water, non toxic cleaning fluids, organic foods, cotton clothing, non toxic hygiene and personal care products, no microwave, avoid aluminum or non stick cookware, no tobacco exposure, no chemical pesticides, no plastic containers, be aware of geopathic stress, eliminate toxic building materials, remove rugs and carpets and so on. Children with autism are extremely sensitive to their environment and may have a variety of physical, emotional, psychological, and behavioral reactions to any of the above stressors. However, one of the most crucial concerns in our environment today is the increasing electromagnetic fields (EMF) and radio fields (RF) emitted from electrical power lines, smart meters, Wi-Fi, cell phones and towers, electrical wires/sockets and household appliances. Collectively the effects of all these fields together are referred to as electrosmog. Research has shown that electrosmog is one of the main contributing factors to the major epigenomic changes, (study of epigenetics), that has occurred at an excelling rate over the last two decades. Epigenetics is the result of environmental triggers modifying human genes by turning the DNA "on" and "off". Other environmental toxins also triggering epigenetic changes are the chemtrail spraying in the atmosphere by the geoengineers and the environmental chemicals called neuroendocrine disruptors which alter the hormonal system affecting the brain and the nervous system. The combination of all these environmental exposures are changing the gene expression and causing defects in the methylation process and the gene variant MTHFR (see Methylation/MTHFR). Children are most susceptible to the epigenetic risks which may be contributing to the current rise in autism spectrum disorders. In fact, the growing numbers are at an exponential rate. Experts predict that over the next ten years or so, most babies born will fall somewhere on the autism spectrum. Epigenetics is an overwhelming reality of how our environment and DNA interact with one another. Description: This site offers protective solutions for public health and our ecosystem. Katie Singer has created a unique website of information on awareness and solutions for families. Description: The mission of Surfer's Healing is to enrich the lives of people with autism by exposing them to the unique experience of surfing. The original surf camp for autism – one day at the beach! Description: Temple Grandin addresses a variety of stress-related issues pertaining to ASD children. She identifies with many of the problems families of ASD children are dealing with and addresses these issues in order to help parents reduce the stressors in their child's life. Description: This site is all about modifications to your home to accommodate your child's disability or condition after an accident. The site includes modifications for all kinds of circumstances such as: autism, sensory concerns, visual impairments and wheelchairs. Also addressed are financial concerns, medical equipment, available financial resources and when it makes sense to move. Description: Dr. Klinghardt has a wealth of information on the deleterious health effects of EMF and RF on the human race and especially on children. He provides many solutions and tools to protect families. Description: This book was written by the mother of an autistic child. It includes her own problem solving strategies along with the principles she learned from TAGteach, a system based on Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Description: With the increasing abundance of electromagnetic fields, the author reveals the effects on people as well as wildlife. By providing answers to this problem, this book is a valuable aid in changing individual focus, behavior, sleep, even disease susceptibilities. Description: Capitalizing on reducing stressors in autism, Patricia Lemer's extraordinary 5 step plan is showcased. By changing bad environmental influences, correcting core issues, improving sensory, enhancing communication, and working towards future independence, stress in autism can be greatly alleviated. Description: This book takes a systematic approach providing suggestions to help families develop systems for daily living. It was written by the mother of a child with special needs who is also a life coach. Description: Making it as simple as possible, the author shows the reader how to go "green" at home. This book gives several substitutions for common household products that are potentially a risk to your health. Description: Dr. Klinghardt gives a candid account of how illnesses today are dramatically affected by EMF radiation and, in particular, smart meters. Description: Dr. Blaylock talks about the geoengineering programs/agenda and the devastating health effects of the Chemtrails on the human brain and how we are seeing more and more brain degeneration. Description: This web page contains several approaches that can be used at home and school to reduce anxiety in autistic individuals. Description: An array of functional solutions for your home and daily living and specific products with which to protect your home. Description: Watch this flight simulation travel experience to see how the stress of flying can be significantly reduced. Description: Nothing is more stressful than having clutter. This site is very informative and instructive by giving tips on making viable renovations and accommodations in the home for seniors and individuals with disabilities. This review and guide on how to have a proactive approach in cleaning and decluttering your home room by room is a wonderful resource. This guide also includes best practices and recommendations. Forum/Blog Name: Are Electromagnetic Fields Linked to Autism? Description: This blog presents research as well as short videos connecting electromagnetic fields with autism. Description: Essays and blogs by Katie Singer, a medical journalist who works on public policy with the Electromagnetic Radiation Policy Institute. Description: This forum is for individuals with ElectroMagnetic Field Sensitivity (EMF Sensitivity) to discuss their illness, network with each other, and to seek assistance and support.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	8,187	[ 128000, 10156, 5496, 304, 3432, 596, 1917, 374, 46883, 369, 5127, 11, 1095, 7636, 264, 1716, 20558, 449, 38281, 13, 3639, 374, 3062, 369, 459, 78294, 1716, 374, 311, 8108, 279, 8631, 1105, 304, 813, 477, 1077, 4676, 779, 430, 279, 1716, 374, 539, 56563, 311, 279, 1917, 814, 3974, 304, 13, 1115, 1253, 3152, 2753, 12248, 11, 13241, 18186, 11, 2731, 3805, 4367, 11, 10748, 18797, 3090, 11, 2536, 21503, 16204, 56406, 11, 17808, 15657, 11, 24428, 17895, 11, 2536, 21503, 53056, 323, 4443, 2512, 3956, 11, 912, 42374, 11, 5766, 25674, 477, 2536, 9396, 4394, 1698, 11, 912, 27531, 14675, 11, 912, 11742, 61257, 11, 912, 12466, 24794, 11, 387, 8010, 315, 3980, 62209, 8631, 11, 22472, 21503, 4857, 7384, 11, 4148, 73671, 323, 89341, 323 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 10156, 5496, 304, 3432, 596, 1917, 374, 46883, 369, 5127, 11, 1095, 7636, 264, 1716, 20558, 449, 38281, 13, 3639, 374, 3062, 369, 459, 78294, 1716, 374, 311, 8108, 279, 8631, 1105, 304, 813, 477, 1077, 4676, 779, 430, 279, 1716, 374, 539, 56563, 311, 279, 1917, 814, 3974, 304, 13, 1115, 1253, 3152, 2753, 12248, 11, 13241, 18186, 11, 2731, 3805, 4367, 11, 10748, 18797, 3090, 11, 2536, 21503, 16204, 56406, 11, 17808, 15657, 11, 24428, 17895, 11, 2536, 21503, 53056, 323, 4443, 2512, 3956, 11, 912, 42374, 11, 5766, 25674, 477, 2536, 9396, 4394, 1698, 11, 912, 27531, 14675, 11, 912, 11742, 61257, 11, 912, 12466, 24794, 11, 387, 8010, 315, 3980, 62209, 8631, 11, 22472, 21503, 4857, 7384, 11, 4148, 73671, 323, 89341, 323, -100 ]
Half avocados and remove the pits. Put in bowl and mash with fork, add in chopped veggies, garlic, sweet lime, pepper and any additional spices you may like. Serve with taco chips, veggies or whatever tickles your fancy!	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	5,837	[ 128000, 43727, 1860, 511, 5670, 323, 4148, 279, 63008, 13, 10435, 304, 19763, 323, 63558, 449, 23243, 11, 923, 304, 38525, 60399, 11, 31735, 11, 10437, 42819, 11, 25349, 323, 904, 5217, 49659, 499, 1253, 1093, 13, 54032, 449, 91941, 24512, 11, 60399, 477, 8996, 9525, 645, 701, 27555, 0, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 43727, 1860, 511, 5670, 323, 4148, 279, 63008, 13, 10435, 304, 19763, 323, 63558, 449, 23243, 11, 923, 304, 38525, 60399, 11, 31735, 11, 10437, 42819, 11, 25349, 323, 904, 5217, 49659, 499, 1253, 1093, 13, 54032, 449, 91941, 24512, 11, 60399, 477, 8996, 9525, 645, 701, 27555, 0, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
UAE leaders congratulate Emir of Qatar on National Day The Dubai Ruler and Abu Dhabi Crown Prince also posted congratulatory messages on social media A Staff Reporter Published: Sat 18 Dec 2021, 1:53 PM Last updated: Sat 18 Dec 2021, 5:54 PM President His Highness Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan has sent a message of congratulations to Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar, on his country's National Day. His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, and His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, also shared similar messages to the Emir of Qatar, according to state news agency Wam. Rulers of Sharjah, Ajman, UAQ and Ras Al Khaimah also shared their congratulatory messages to the Qatari Emir. Qatar National Day, also known as Founder's Day, is the national commemoration of Qatar's unification in 1878. Celebrated annually on December 18, the day was established on June 21, 2007. UAE is celebrating Qatar's National Day under the theme 'Many Happy Returns'. Sheikh Mohammed congratulated Qatar and described the nation as being united 'under the Gulf banner' with the UAE. "We congratulate our family in Qatar, leadership and people, on their National Day. We ask God that they may always be safe and prosperous. We are connected under the Gulf banner, and through brotherhood," wrote Sheikh Mohammed. نبارك لأهلنا في قطر قيادة وشعباً يومهم الوطني المجيد .. ونسأل الله أن يديم عليهم الأمن والأمان والاستقرار والازدهار … تجمعنا مظلة مجلس التعاون .. وتجمعنا الأخوة والنسب… وتجمعنا تطلعات شعوبنا لمستقبل أجمل وأفضل للجميع بإذن الله. — HH Sheikh Mohammed (@HHShkMohd) December 18, 2021 Meanwhile, Abu Dhabi's Crown Prince shared a message on social media, which read, "Congratulations to our brothers and sisters in Qatar on the country's 50th National Day. We wish Qatar and its people continued prosperity and success under the leadership of Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani." UAE to celebrate Qatar National Day on Dec 18 Several festivities have been planned in the UAE, including lighting up of landmark buildings in the Emirates with the Qatari national flag. Unique celebrations are being organised at the Dubai Expo 2020 and Global Village. Furthermore, a special entry stamp and reception will be given to Qatari citizens arriving at the UAE's airports. [email protected] More news from UAE UAE, Turkey to ink new agreements during Erdogan's upcoming visit The Speaker of the Turkish Parliament had met on Thursday with Saqr Ghobash, his Emirati counterpart UAE1 day ago Covid in UAE: Pakistani engineer-turned-security guard wins Dh100,000 in Mahzooz draw Another winner, Francois, won twice in the grand draw, taking home a total of Dh55,554 UAE: Now, sell old clothes for cash, coupons Used garments will be picked up free of charge and recycled or resold Bodies of Indian expats killed in Houthi attack reach Amritsar India's Ambassador to the UAE had said that the embassy was working with the Punjab government for local support Israel PM condemns Houthi attacks on UAE in call with Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Naftali Bennett offered his condolences to Sheikh Mohammed over the victims of the attacks UAE: Bodies of Indian victims killed in Houthi attack to be repatriated to Punjab The Indian envoy to the UAE said their remains would reach Amritsar on Friday morning UAE: First Space Economic Zone set to come up in Abu Dhabi Spacetech hub offers package of benefits, including office space, mentorship, networking, investment opportunities, access to government contracts and more. Dubai: Police fine 18 bike rental offices for violating safety rules Awareness campaign launched by police due to increased turnout of tourists in desert areas during winter.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	9,006	[ 128000, 52, 13983, 6164, 89246, 5867, 404, 315, 43018, 389, 5165, 6187, 198, 791, 35138, 432, 8646, 323, 31229, 73879, 29743, 19912, 1101, 8621, 40588, 38220, 6743, 389, 3674, 3772, 198, 32, 17381, 48081, 198, 29986, 25, 13479, 220, 972, 3799, 220, 2366, 16, 11, 220, 16, 25, 4331, 5975, 198, 5966, 6177, 25, 13479, 220, 972, 3799, 220, 2366, 16, 11, 220, 20, 25, 4370, 5975, 198, 27229, 5414, 5234, 2136, 72629, 52709, 34918, 9736, 1901, 43995, 1708, 73088, 8503, 706, 3288, 264, 1984, 315, 82644, 311, 72629, 29988, 318, 9736, 9777, 329, 1708, 666, 5676, 11, 5867, 404, 315, 43018, 11, 389, 813, 3224, 596, 5165, 6187, 627, 16366, 5234, 2136, 72629, 46392, 9736, 60483, 307, 1708, 386, 10114, 283, 76, 11, 23270, 4900, 11, 12801 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 52, 13983, 6164, 89246, 5867, 404, 315, 43018, 389, 5165, 6187, 198, 791, 35138, 432, 8646, 323, 31229, 73879, 29743, 19912, 1101, 8621, 40588, 38220, 6743, 389, 3674, 3772, 198, 32, 17381, 48081, 198, 29986, 25, 13479, 220, 972, 3799, 220, 2366, 16, 11, 220, 16, 25, 4331, 5975, 198, 5966, 6177, 25, 13479, 220, 972, 3799, 220, 2366, 16, 11, 220, 20, 25, 4370, 5975, 198, 27229, 5414, 5234, 2136, 72629, 52709, 34918, 9736, 1901, 43995, 1708, 73088, 8503, 706, 3288, 264, 1984, 315, 82644, 311, 72629, 29988, 318, 9736, 9777, 329, 1708, 666, 5676, 11, 5867, 404, 315, 43018, 11, 389, 813, 3224, 596, 5165, 6187, 627, 16366, 5234, 2136, 72629, 46392, 9736, 60483, 307, 1708, 386, 10114, 283, 76, 11, 23270, 4900, 11, 12801, -100 ]
The story appears on GET this page in PDF Home » Business » IT Huawei invests in eco-system Source: Agencies \| September 3, 2016, Saturday \| Print Edition HUAWEI Technologies plans to invest a total of US$1 billion to attract global developers to help it set up its own eco-system, the firm said yesterday in Shanghai. The Shenzhen-based firm intends to spend the US$1 billion by 2020 and to cooperate with Intel and SAP to establish a data-driven and cloud world, said Guo Wei, Huawei's rotating chief executive. "It's a big cake (for digital transformation) and we are glad to share with partners and developers," Guo told the Huawei Connect conference yesterday in Shanghai. Huawei has so far invested US$300 million for this purpose. In the next decade, the global digital transformation will create a market of US$100 trillion, according to the World Economic Forum.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	2,025	[ 128000, 791, 3446, 8111, 389, 198, 3891, 420, 2199, 304, 11612, 198, 7778, 8345, 8184, 8345, 8871, 198, 82478, 38685, 2793, 82, 304, 42688, 37748, 198, 3692, 25, 91286, 765, 6250, 220, 18, 11, 220, 679, 21, 11, 7884, 765, 8377, 14398, 198, 39, 18258, 12739, 40, 25579, 6787, 311, 2793, 264, 2860, 315, 2326, 3, 16, 7239, 311, 9504, 3728, 13707, 311, 1520, 433, 743, 709, 1202, 1866, 42688, 37748, 11, 279, 7626, 1071, 13985, 304, 38147, 627, 791, 1443, 79511, 6108, 7626, 44330, 311, 8493, 279, 2326, 3, 16, 7239, 555, 220, 2366, 15, 323, 311, 47903, 449, 15984, 323, 37321, 311, 5813, 264, 828, 32505, 323, 9624, 1917, 11, 1071, 4673, 78, 53548, 11, 51707, 596, 42496, 10388, 11145, 627, 12348, 596, 264, 2466, 19692 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 791, 3446, 8111, 389, 198, 3891, 420, 2199, 304, 11612, 198, 7778, 8345, 8184, 8345, 8871, 198, 82478, 38685, 2793, 82, 304, 42688, 37748, 198, 3692, 25, 91286, 765, 6250, 220, 18, 11, 220, 679, 21, 11, 7884, 765, 8377, 14398, 198, 39, 18258, 12739, 40, 25579, 6787, 311, 2793, 264, 2860, 315, 2326, 3, 16, 7239, 311, 9504, 3728, 13707, 311, 1520, 433, 743, 709, 1202, 1866, 42688, 37748, 11, 279, 7626, 1071, 13985, 304, 38147, 627, 791, 1443, 79511, 6108, 7626, 44330, 311, 8493, 279, 2326, 3, 16, 7239, 555, 220, 2366, 15, 323, 311, 47903, 449, 15984, 323, 37321, 311, 5813, 264, 828, 32505, 323, 9624, 1917, 11, 1071, 4673, 78, 53548, 11, 51707, 596, 42496, 10388, 11145, 627, 12348, 596, 264, 2466, 19692, -100 ]
We should drop the idea of the United States of America being one country \| We should drop the idea of the United States of America being one country John Stoehr December 05, 2022Bank Among the Editorial Board's myriad mandates, as I see them, is bursting dogma, flaying stigma, and otherwise defenestrating ideas that make cohering American politics harder than necessary. For instance: The United States is one country. READ MORE: House Democrat rips Republicans for refusing to condemn Donald Trump's 'full embrace of fascism' That we are not one country is evident to anyone who has traveled widely around the country, who has lived and worked in various parts of the country or who has bothered to learn the country's history. Indeed, we are held together loosely by a constitution, but our founding document has been used to sow division as much as, or more than, to cement unity. Meanwhile, there isn't really an America so much Americas that pretend to be more in line than they are. They pretend because those Americas might be different if they stopped. Real sovereign units, made-up bigger one That we are not one country is evidenced also by the early party primary states. Iowa (first) is different from New Hampshire (second), which are different from South Carolina (third) and Nevada (fourth). Sure, voters there call themselves Democrats, but they are so distinct by geography, culture and politics as to be semi-autonomous zones. Their states, moreover, are more like countries in the European Union, nation-states inside a larger, overarching and made-up unit. The differences quickly present themselves. Iowa Democrats want the party's national leaders to address climate change and secure human rights. South Carolina Democrats rarely share lofty goals. Theirs are defensive – eg, preventing GOP-controlled state governments from making their lives harder than they already are. READ MORE: House Republican: 'I'll fall in behind' Donald Trump in 2024 despite call to suspend the Constitution The national Democrats are rethinking the order of primary states. According to the Post, the president wants South Carolina first, New Hampshire and Nevada second, Georgia and after that Michigan. But beyond the symbolic, which isn't nothing, this order or that order probably doesn't matter. Democrats in South Carolina are going to vote like Democrats in South Carolina, not like Democrats in Iowa. We pretend the order influences the outcome, but it really doesn't, because that would require the United States to be one country. A fictional community If you do not understand that the United States not one country, you may find yourself confused and asking why, when national polls show overwhelming support for reproductive rights, the GOP is dead-set on the opposite. They seem bent of the ruination of young women's bodies for the sake of protecting cell clusters that aren't human yet. A poll showing national support for, say, bronco busting, while popular in regions like Texas and the American southwest, won't mean a thing to the highly concentrated and densely packed residents in the tristate area that links Connecticut, New York and New Jersey. If they outlaw bronco busting, nothing can stop them, though it contravenes the will of a national democratic majority. States that have outlawed or restricted abortion don't care – don't need to care – about what a majority of Americans believes is right and good in a national survey, because a national survey measures the opinion of a political fiction, not a real political community. Liberals by their nature envision a true e pluribus unum, but liberals should remember that that is, and may always be, an work in progress. Unity is a noble aspiration, not a concrete fact. As long as the United States is a de facto federation of (maybe) a dozen political zones – though not legal ones – unity might always prove elusive. An artifice of law Even the concept of states distorts reality. There's 50, but what's the practical difference between Mississippi and Alabama, or Connecticut and Rhode Island or the Dakotas? I'm sure residents there have strong opinions. But I'm also sure that, to national political figures, those distinctions are invisible. From a national viewpoint, there aren't 50 states so much as (maybe) dozen political regions that, when cobbled together, form the United States. The United States as one country comprising 50 states is an artifice of law and political convenience more than it is a description of how we function politically in our respective politically communities. Don't believe it? Why is the Mason-Dixon line where it is (the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northern border of West Virginia and Maryland)? It's not a land mass like rivers or mountains. It's merely line drawn on the map – a legal and political demarcation – that once separated non-enslaving states from enlaving states. It is a product of democratic politics, not the result of natural causes. Indeed, all borders are thus. That goes for borders, too What's the difference between a border dividing American states and a border dividing nation-states, like the United States and Mexico? None that are serious. They are fakes drawn for the convenience of leaders and communities to make sense of and identify themselves coherently, to administer and enforce respective laws and so on. If you're going to have a nation-state, which is what western countries have been doing since the Enlightenment, that nation-state requires national borders. Otherwise, there's little point to it. Nation-states aren't always artificial. (Eg, England.) But their land borders always are. They are products of politics, first and last. Donald Trump was fond of saying that you don't have a country if you don't have borders. But Borders are the least important aspect of the character of any country, because they are legal and political fictions. We pretend – well, fascists like Trump pretend - that the US-Mexican border is natural, as if God gave it to us, as if an abomination to tamper with it, as if a weak defense were a sin. But the only thing natural about the US-Mexican border is the Rio Grande, and given the river dries up every year, it's not even that. We act like billions sent to the border, for the purpose of "securing it," will somehow protect American values, identity, even destiny. That's a lot to ask for, because the border was arbitrarily created. Like the United States. That the United States is not only one country doesn't mean we shouldn't think of it that way. But whatever utility there is to that idea is undermined by today's United States Supreme Court. It's like the court won't allow us to be one nation, indivisible. The court's rightwing supermajority has been on a tear lately, as in tearing up federal laws and federal court precedents like Roe that had in effect served as the glue that held the 50 states together as one. The trend started in 2013 with the Shelby ruling. That's the one that said states with a history of racial animus in government policy no longer have racial animus. Where once those states had to get clearance from the US Department of Justice before changing their elections laws, they can go ahead and so whatever they want. Since then, states (mostly southern) have enacted laws that erode the power of racial minorities, deepen the white-power status quo and lay the foundation for what are becoming quasi-apartheid states that are being organized to deprive majorities of their political power. The court has also aided in quasi-apartheid states by allowing them to gerrymander themselves so they can be run by a ruling minority party that does not fear the consequences of democratic politics. This fact alone – that states such as Wisconsin, Ohio, Texas and Florida barely reach a definition of republican government – is another reason for the rest of us to drop the idea of the United States being one country. There is no America. There are Americas. Pretending otherwise warps our ability to make sense of ourselves. READ MORE: 'Keep me out of it': Benjamin Netanyahu dodges talking about Donald Trump's 2024 campaign Inequality of life: One-third of the United States lives in poverty or teeters on the brink › Why Roe's demise pushed the US even closer to violent civil conflict: author › US Generals issue chilling warning of divided military and possible civil war with next attempted coup in 2024 › 'These are conditions ripe for political violence': how close is the US ... › How the Second Civil War Could Start - The Bulwark › Americans are just as divided as they were before the election \| Ipsos ›	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	4,420	[ 128000, 1687, 1288, 6068, 279, 4623, 315, 279, 3723, 4273, 315, 5270, 1694, 832, 3224, 9432, 1687, 1288, 6068, 279, 4623, 315, 279, 3723, 4273, 315, 5270, 1694, 832, 3224, 198, 13379, 71883, 56088, 198, 33246, 220, 2304, 11, 220, 2366, 17, 26913, 198, 34710, 279, 66233, 8925, 596, 52909, 76053, 11, 439, 358, 1518, 1124, 11, 374, 77850, 5679, 1764, 11, 1344, 17718, 60381, 11, 323, 6062, 711, 268, 15462, 1113, 6848, 430, 1304, 1080, 1964, 287, 3778, 11759, 16127, 1109, 5995, 627, 2520, 2937, 25, 578, 3723, 4273, 374, 832, 3224, 627, 9754, 18954, 25, 4783, 24846, 436, 3153, 13063, 369, 39089, 311, 40074, 9641, 3420, 596, 364, 9054, 27830, 315, 81522, 1270, 4897, 584, 527, 539, 832, 3224, 374, 30576, 311, 5606, 889, 706, 31796 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 1687, 1288, 6068, 279, 4623, 315, 279, 3723, 4273, 315, 5270, 1694, 832, 3224, 9432, 1687, 1288, 6068, 279, 4623, 315, 279, 3723, 4273, 315, 5270, 1694, 832, 3224, 198, 13379, 71883, 56088, 198, 33246, 220, 2304, 11, 220, 2366, 17, 26913, 198, 34710, 279, 66233, 8925, 596, 52909, 76053, 11, 439, 358, 1518, 1124, 11, 374, 77850, 5679, 1764, 11, 1344, 17718, 60381, 11, 323, 6062, 711, 268, 15462, 1113, 6848, 430, 1304, 1080, 1964, 287, 3778, 11759, 16127, 1109, 5995, 627, 2520, 2937, 25, 578, 3723, 4273, 374, 832, 3224, 627, 9754, 18954, 25, 4783, 24846, 436, 3153, 13063, 369, 39089, 311, 40074, 9641, 3420, 596, 364, 9054, 27830, 315, 81522, 1270, 4897, 584, 527, 539, 832, 3224, 374, 30576, 311, 5606, 889, 706, 31796, -100 ]
Q: Solr Wildcard search on int field My schema.xml for Solr has many integer fields. How do I do wildcard searching for int fields? I have many dyanamic fields for int values as shown below. <dynamicField name="_nbr" type="int" stored="true"/> eg: I have a field called store_nbr and I want to find all stores that start with 280. I tried giving store_nbr:280, but it didn't return any results. Similarly I have many such integer fields. A: While the answer from @Kumar hints in the correct direction (but don't use a text field from the default schema.xml for this, as it will process any input both when querying and indexing), the explanation is that you might need a new field to do wild card queries against, unless you can transform your query into an actual integer operation (if all your store_nbr-s are of the same length). Add a StrField (in the default schema.xml, there is a defined type named "string" that is a simple string field that suites this purpose): <field name="store_nbr_s" type="string" indexed="true" stored="false" /> Add a copyField directive that copies the value from the store_nbr field into the string field when indexing: <copyField source="store_nbr" dest="store_nbr_text" /> Then query against this field for prefix matches, using the syntax you already described (store_nbr:280). If this particular query format (querying for the three first digits of a store_nbr) is very common, you'll want to transform the content on the way in to index the three first digits in a dedicated field, as it'll give you better query performance and a smaller cache. And if you're doing a lot of wild card queries (with varying lengths in front of ), look into have a field generate EdgeNGrams instead, as these will give you dedicated tokens that solr looks up instead of having a wild card search which may have to traverse a larger set of possible tokens to determine whether the document should be returned. A: see this answer. You have to add a directive link in your schema.xml in {solr_home}/example/solr/your_collection/conf/schema.xml as shown in that answer. Copy all your fields to make it searchable for wildcard query.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange" }	1,482	[ 128000, 48, 25, 11730, 81, 13944, 5057, 2778, 389, 528, 2115, 3092, 11036, 9205, 369, 11730, 81, 706, 1690, 7698, 5151, 627, 4438, 656, 358, 656, 60204, 15389, 369, 528, 5151, 30, 358, 617, 1690, 294, 8503, 4079, 5151, 369, 528, 2819, 439, 6982, 3770, 627, 67518, 1915, 836, 429, 57004, 65501, 1, 955, 429, 396, 1, 9967, 429, 1904, 74430, 797, 512, 40, 617, 264, 2115, 2663, 3637, 79372, 323, 358, 1390, 311, 1505, 682, 10756, 430, 1212, 449, 220, 11209, 627, 40, 6818, 7231, 3637, 79372, 25, 11209, 12594, 719, 433, 3287, 956, 471, 904, 3135, 13, 35339, 358, 617, 1690, 1778, 7698, 5151, 382, 32, 25, 6104, 279, 4320, 505, 571, 42, 31967, 31743, 304, 279, 4495, 5216, 320, 8248, 1541, 956, 1005, 264, 1495 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 48, 25, 11730, 81, 13944, 5057, 2778, 389, 528, 2115, 3092, 11036, 9205, 369, 11730, 81, 706, 1690, 7698, 5151, 627, 4438, 656, 358, 656, 60204, 15389, 369, 528, 5151, 30, 358, 617, 1690, 294, 8503, 4079, 5151, 369, 528, 2819, 439, 6982, 3770, 627, 67518, 1915, 836, 429, 57004, 65501, 1, 955, 429, 396, 1, 9967, 429, 1904, 74430, 797, 512, 40, 617, 264, 2115, 2663, 3637, 79372, 323, 358, 1390, 311, 1505, 682, 10756, 430, 1212, 449, 220, 11209, 627, 40, 6818, 7231, 3637, 79372, 25, 11209, 12594, 719, 433, 3287, 956, 471, 904, 3135, 13, 35339, 358, 617, 1690, 1778, 7698, 5151, 382, 32, 25, 6104, 279, 4320, 505, 571, 42, 31967, 31743, 304, 279, 4495, 5216, 320, 8248, 1541, 956, 1005, 264, 1495, -100 ]
Male Mermaids? Aquamen Debut at B Ocean Mer-men are diving into the Wreck Bar's pool portholes where, up until now, only mermaids dipped. "The Aquamen Underwater Burlesque Show" will add a splash of macho into the mix at the B Ocean Resort on Fort Lauderdale beach, best known for its MeduSirena Live Mermaid Show on weekends. Staged (or should we say floated) in the bar's porthole windows that look into the resort's swimming pool, the show has six swimmers performing Thursdays at 9 p.m. starting Feb. 7. The whole vibe, is a throwback to the '50s and '60s when porthole bars were quite common in resort destinations such as South Florida. "Back when they did have these kinds of shows, men did a lot of shows as well," explains Marina Anderson, the show's producer. "They would do things ranging from performing as the Beatles to James Bond fight scenes and all this stuff would take place in these kind of waters. And now that there are so few left it really was a great opportunity to be able to revisit those days … that at one time were pretty prevalent and give people a little taste of what it was like back in the day." Jimmy James rehearses for The Aquamen Underwater Burlesque Show at the B Ocean Resort pool, Tuesday, January 29, 2019. The Wreck Bar in the B Ocean Resort on Fort Lauderdale beach is adding a new underwater burlesque show featuring a male cast. Photo: Michael Laughlin / Sun Sentinel What do aquamen do in the show? Anderson says she started putting the new men's show together a year ago, auditioning the performers and then starting their training this fall. "It's a tough thing to describe, because if you tell them you're going to see men underwater doing acts of derring-do … it is a very abstract concept. So generally I let them know they are going to see something that they probably won't see anywhere else, which is absolutely true. This is the only underwater male burlesque show in the United States, which is really amazing." Anderson — whose stage name, or in this case her aqua name, is MeduSirena — says that the show morphs depending on audience reaction since the Wreck Bar attracts a lot of repeat customers. "We don't want them to feel that they are seeing the same thing twice," she says. "And since the cast is as diverse as this one, you want to be able to produce something that will allow them to know what to expect. It's very organic. And I think the sign of a good swimmer is to be able to work and go with the flow, to react to an audience calling or yelling. We can hear them through these windows. You'll never get the same show twice. I think that is actually a really great aspect of the show." Evan O'Sheehan rehearses for The Aquamen Underwater Burlesque Show at the B Ocean Resort. Photo: Michael Laughlin / Sun Sentinel Anderson has been an aquatic performer at the Wreck Bar for 13 years, first as a figure swimmer known for her how-does-she-do-that breath control and her tourist-magnet mermaid costume. Soon afterward she was packing the venue as the director/producer of the underwater show starring her mermaid Aquaticats. On Fridays and Saturdays the women put on a family-friendly show at 7 p.m. There's also a "Mermaids and Mimosas" Sunday brunch from 11 a.m.-3 p.m. And there's the swim-tease of a show that's more for grownups that starts at 10 p.m. on weekends. That show, which Anderson started in 2017, was inspired by Esther Williams' elaborate synchronized swimming movies at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. How to see the show There's no cover charge. Doors open at 6 p.m. every Thursday starting Feb. 7 and patrons get a free glass of prosecco. Between 7-8 p.m. there are $7 cocktails and appetizer specials available ($8 cocktails between 8-9 p.m.). The show starts at 9 p.m. Reservations are recommended by calling 954-245-3836 or email [email protected]. Want to meet the AquaMen before you go? 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Back to Neurology Migraine Treatment Services Patients suffering migraine headaches can consult with a neurologist and receive world-class migraine treatment at the John R. Graham Headache Center at Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital. The Center has received international recognition for clinical excellence, for research on women's issues, and for pioneering new approaches to migraine treatment. What is a migraine? A migraine is a headache with throbbing or pulsing pain, often on one side of the head. A person with a migraine may be very sensitive to light and sound, and may also become nauseated. Some people see flashing lights or zigzag lines and may temporarily lose their vision. Approximately 12 percent of people in the U.S. get migraines, and women experience migraines three times more often than men. Many people who get migraine headaches can identify triggers that seem to start the onset of symptoms. Common triggers include: Stress and other strong emotions Biological and environmental conditions including our hormonal shifts and exposure to light Flickering or glaring lights Certain foods Migraine treatment at Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital Migraine treatment depends on many factors, including the patient's age, overall health and medical history, as well as the severity of the migraine headache and tolerance for specific medications or therapies. Migraine treatment at Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital may include: Preventive medications – this migraine treatment involves taking drugs regularly, often on a daily basis, to help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine headaches. Symptomatic medications – this type of migraine treatment involves the taking medication during a migraine attack and is designed to stop symptoms that have already started. Recommendations for non-drug therapies – an alternative migraine treatment such as acupuncture, biofeedback, massage therapy, or cognitive behavioral therapy may help mitigate chronic migraine pain. Botox injections to dull future headache symptoms. Occidental nerve block treatment to limit pain messages sent by the occidental nerve to the brain. Trigger point injections to relax areas of muscle spasm that may contribute to a migraine headaches. Lifestyle changes such as avoiding known triggers, changing eating habits, resting in a quiet and dark environment, exercise, and stress management techniques. Make an appointment for migraine treatment To contact the John R. Graham Headache Center, please call 617-983-7580. The Center is located at the Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital. Patients may also consult with physicians in the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital about a broad range of neurological conditions and treatments, including sleep disorders, Alzheimer's disease symptoms and Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, and an EMG test to detect abnormal electrical activity in the muscles. Learn more about Migraine Treatment at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Find an expert Neurologist for innovative neurologic treatment and compassionate care. Learn how quality and patient safety are at the core of Brigham and Women's mission and vision. Top Hospital Learn more about how U.S. News & World Report ranks Brigham and Women's Hospital.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	5,362	[ 128000, 3792, 311, 32359, 36781, 198, 44, 5346, 8511, 31969, 8471, 198, 86245, 16066, 92981, 55403, 649, 8666, 449, 264, 18247, 848, 380, 323, 5371, 1917, 15144, 92981, 6514, 520, 279, 3842, 432, 13, 26181, 11452, 1815, 5955, 520, 96285, 323, 11215, 596, 97343, 74, 1215, 15429, 13, 578, 5955, 706, 4036, 6625, 18324, 369, 14830, 38656, 11, 369, 3495, 389, 3278, 596, 4819, 11, 323, 369, 71674, 502, 20414, 311, 92981, 6514, 627, 3923, 374, 264, 92981, 5380, 32, 92981, 374, 264, 47846, 449, 60187, 68441, 477, 56037, 287, 6784, 11, 3629, 389, 832, 3185, 315, 279, 2010, 13, 362, 1732, 449, 264, 92981, 1253, 387, 1633, 16614, 311, 3177, 323, 5222, 11, 323, 1253, 1101, 3719, 49394, 660, 13, 4427, 1274, 1518, 50857, 13001, 477, 86912 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 3792, 311, 32359, 36781, 198, 44, 5346, 8511, 31969, 8471, 198, 86245, 16066, 92981, 55403, 649, 8666, 449, 264, 18247, 848, 380, 323, 5371, 1917, 15144, 92981, 6514, 520, 279, 3842, 432, 13, 26181, 11452, 1815, 5955, 520, 96285, 323, 11215, 596, 97343, 74, 1215, 15429, 13, 578, 5955, 706, 4036, 6625, 18324, 369, 14830, 38656, 11, 369, 3495, 389, 3278, 596, 4819, 11, 323, 369, 71674, 502, 20414, 311, 92981, 6514, 627, 3923, 374, 264, 92981, 5380, 32, 92981, 374, 264, 47846, 449, 60187, 68441, 477, 56037, 287, 6784, 11, 3629, 389, 832, 3185, 315, 279, 2010, 13, 362, 1732, 449, 264, 92981, 1253, 387, 1633, 16614, 311, 3177, 323, 5222, 11, 323, 1253, 1101, 3719, 49394, 660, 13, 4427, 1274, 1518, 50857, 13001, 477, 86912, -100 ]
St Bede's College / Privacy Notice We understand how important your personal information it is to you and we take the safeguarding of your privacy very seriously. To show our commitment to letting you know exactly what information we are collecting about you, how we are using it and how we are keeping it secure – we have updated our data protection policy and procedures in preparation for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We have also reviewed our fair processing notices so that you can stay up-to-the-minute with the use of your personal information. When you join the College or even just visit our website, we need to ask you for some personal information. Our Privacy Notices explain why we need this information, what we do with it and how long we keep it. Depending on your relationship with the College at the time, you may fall into one or more of the following categories: Governor Privacy Notice Pupil Privacy Notice Pupil data is collected through the College by awarding bodies for conducting examinations and assessments and the issuing of examination results and certificates. We work with the following bodies: Joint Council for Qualifications (external Privacy Notice). AQA (external Privacy Notice) Pearson Edexcel (external Privacy Notice) OCR (external Privacy Notice) WJEC (external Privacy Notice) Cambridge Assessment International Education (external Privacy Notice) These Privacy Notices will kept up-to-date as further GDPR guidance will be issued, or from time to time we may need to change what information we collect or who it is shared with. We want to make sure we are giving you the information about privacy and security that you want, so if there is anything you would like to know more, please contact [email protected]	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	2,794	[ 128000, 626, 13394, 68, 596, 9304, 611, 19406, 25773, 198, 1687, 3619, 1268, 3062, 701, 4443, 2038, 433, 374, 311, 499, 323, 584, 1935, 279, 49071, 287, 315, 701, 12625, 1633, 14243, 627, 1271, 1501, 1057, 15507, 311, 20806, 499, 1440, 7041, 1148, 2038, 584, 527, 26984, 922, 499, 11, 1268, 584, 527, 1701, 433, 323, 1268, 584, 527, 10494, 433, 9966, 1389, 584, 617, 6177, 1057, 828, 9313, 4947, 323, 16346, 304, 18459, 369, 279, 3331, 2956, 19721, 48338, 320, 41949, 6616, 570, 1226, 617, 1101, 22690, 1057, 6762, 8863, 35871, 779, 430, 499, 649, 4822, 709, 4791, 10826, 24401, 449, 279, 1005, 315, 701, 4443, 2038, 627, 4599, 499, 5249, 279, 9304, 477, 1524, 1120, 4034, 1057, 3997, 11, 584, 1205, 311, 2610, 499, 369, 1063 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 626, 13394, 68, 596, 9304, 611, 19406, 25773, 198, 1687, 3619, 1268, 3062, 701, 4443, 2038, 433, 374, 311, 499, 323, 584, 1935, 279, 49071, 287, 315, 701, 12625, 1633, 14243, 627, 1271, 1501, 1057, 15507, 311, 20806, 499, 1440, 7041, 1148, 2038, 584, 527, 26984, 922, 499, 11, 1268, 584, 527, 1701, 433, 323, 1268, 584, 527, 10494, 433, 9966, 1389, 584, 617, 6177, 1057, 828, 9313, 4947, 323, 16346, 304, 18459, 369, 279, 3331, 2956, 19721, 48338, 320, 41949, 6616, 570, 1226, 617, 1101, 22690, 1057, 6762, 8863, 35871, 779, 430, 499, 649, 4822, 709, 4791, 10826, 24401, 449, 279, 1005, 315, 701, 4443, 2038, 627, 4599, 499, 5249, 279, 9304, 477, 1524, 1120, 4034, 1057, 3997, 11, 584, 1205, 311, 2610, 499, 369, 1063, -100 ]
A friction-free telehealth website treating Alcohol Use Disorder using Pharmacological Extinction, also called the Sinclair Method. Access treatment at home, work, or on the go, all from your mobile device or desktop. Most online doctor visits are same-day. We deliver the medication directly to you. The result is unsurpassed ease and access. Meet Sarah Novia, therapist and co-founder of the Alcure digital health platform. Sarah offers our therapist-level support in CA, CT and MT, where she is licensed. She holds an M.S., Ed.S., LPCC, NCC, BC-TMH. Sarah has helped hundreds of clients from a wide range of backgrounds solve personal issues for lasting change, including those facing excess drinking issues and other substance abuse challenges. Using solution-focused therapy, Sarah will help you become a pro at the Sinclair Method while also helping you resolve the personal issues that often coexist and aggravate Alcohol Use Disorder. Sarah graduated with a B.A. from New York University in 2001 and an M.S./Ed.S. from Florida State University in 2006. She is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California and Connecticut, and a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Montana. Licensure CA no. 884, CT no. 1896, MT no. BBH-LCPC-LIC-16131. Meet Richard Park, M.D. our lead California physician. For our California clients, he will prescribe your medication and monitor you throughout treatment. Dr. Park is board certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine. In 2005, Dr. Park earned his medical degree at Flinders University School of Medicine in Australia and in 2010 completed his Internal Medicine Residency at Good Samaritan Hospital affiliated with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore and served as Chief Resident. He is also a registered pharmacist. In 2001, he completed his pharmacy degree at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. Meet Jim Kamanski, J.D., attorney and co-founder of the Alcure digital health platform. Peer nominated as a Southern California Super Lawyer (top 5%) for the last 8 years, and with over twenty years of experience counseling legal clients and practicing an area of law requiring an extensive knowledge of medicine, he is also the voice of Team Alcure and you can find his blog postings and comments on social media outlets such as Twitter, Quora and Reddit under alcure.me or Team Alcure. We service residents of Connecticut, D.C., Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Rhode Island where Dr. Clifford Fields will prescribe your medication and monitor you throughout treatment if you reside in these states. Dr. Fields specializes in Emergency Medicine and Family Practice, and also treats patients facing substance abuse challenges, including working with patients struggling with opioid addiction. Dr. Fields earned his medical degree in 1985 at the University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine in Missouri. He also served as a General Medical Officer and Squadron Medical Officer with the U.S. Navy. Licensure CT no. 49250, DC no. DO034751, FL no. OS15415, GA no. 81886, ME no. DO2808, MD no. H85821, MA no. 74935, NJ no. 25MB10351900, RI no. 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I'm planning to build a full VR room in my house once all this gear starts hitting mainstream next year. I'm planning on using the Oculus Rift CV and dropping the cables for it down from the roof to my Virtuix Omni. Is there going to be an adapter for the rift that will allow it to spin around and around in circles with me on the omni? I don't want to have to take it off every 10 minutes if I find I like to only do left turns in CS:Go for example. I've seen 360 degree HDMI adapters, but this would need to be able to spin the HDMI and usb in parallel as to not cause the cables to twist. Anybody know of anything? There called slip rings. They even have HDMI slip rings. However before you get your hopes up I have never seen an HDMI slip ring that advertises anything over 1080p and not a single one advertises any kind of supported hertz value. I am not even sure it's technically possible to make one that can support the resolution and frequency needed by a HMD, regardless of cost. Even if it is technically possible you would need to have HDMI, USB and power built into a single slip ring. Having multiple slip rings is pointless as you would be right back where you started. All that being said the Omni folks have said many times that suspending the cable above you with some slack will be sufficient for all but the longest gaming sessions. I think if they were stopping and unwinding the cables every 10 min at trade shows someone would have pointed it out. Anything is possible, and with an emerging market I can see innovation happening in slip-ring design. However the cable isn't a problem. Indeed it is not that often you need to uncoil it. You are far more likely to stop and take a natural break before it becomes an issue - unless of course it's a very long gaming session or for some reason there's a high instance of turning in the same direction. Thanks for the info on "Slip Rings". I don't think you'd need to worry about the slip ring supporting the current standards since the cable standard for HDMI 2.0 is the same for HDMI 1.4 is the same for HDMI 1.3. But ya, like you said, I want one that will do both HDMI and USB concurrently on the same ring. I'm hoping if there's nothing now, that there will be in 6 months. I'm really looking forward to all this. @Eirhead the pinouts and port shape might be the same the the frequency is the issue. The higher the supported frame rate the higher the frequency requires running through the cable. The higher the frequency the more susceptible it is to noise, something slip rings are notorious for. Yes here is to hoping!	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	4,480	[ 128000, 40, 2846, 9293, 311, 1977, 264, 2539, 19718, 3130, 304, 856, 3838, 3131, 682, 420, 14787, 8638, 20129, 21391, 1828, 1060, 13, 358, 2846, 9293, 389, 1701, 279, 56484, 57427, 14499, 323, 26156, 279, 37172, 369, 433, 1523, 505, 279, 15485, 311, 856, 48875, 84, 953, 86325, 13, 2209, 1070, 2133, 311, 387, 459, 13253, 369, 279, 78257, 430, 690, 2187, 433, 311, 12903, 2212, 323, 2212, 304, 26432, 449, 757, 389, 279, 8019, 7907, 30, 358, 1541, 956, 1390, 311, 617, 311, 1935, 433, 1022, 1475, 220, 605, 4520, 422, 358, 1505, 358, 1093, 311, 1193, 656, 2163, 10800, 304, 10211, 25, 11087, 369, 3187, 13, 358, 3077, 3970, 220, 6843, 8547, 42150, 70125, 11, 719, 420, 1053, 1205, 311, 387, 3025, 311, 12903, 279, 42150 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 40, 2846, 9293, 311, 1977, 264, 2539, 19718, 3130, 304, 856, 3838, 3131, 682, 420, 14787, 8638, 20129, 21391, 1828, 1060, 13, 358, 2846, 9293, 389, 1701, 279, 56484, 57427, 14499, 323, 26156, 279, 37172, 369, 433, 1523, 505, 279, 15485, 311, 856, 48875, 84, 953, 86325, 13, 2209, 1070, 2133, 311, 387, 459, 13253, 369, 279, 78257, 430, 690, 2187, 433, 311, 12903, 2212, 323, 2212, 304, 26432, 449, 757, 389, 279, 8019, 7907, 30, 358, 1541, 956, 1390, 311, 617, 311, 1935, 433, 1022, 1475, 220, 605, 4520, 422, 358, 1505, 358, 1093, 311, 1193, 656, 2163, 10800, 304, 10211, 25, 11087, 369, 3187, 13, 358, 3077, 3970, 220, 6843, 8547, 42150, 70125, 11, 719, 420, 1053, 1205, 311, 387, 3025, 311, 12903, 279, 42150, -100 ]
BEUC - The European Consumer Organisaton (BE) Agustín Reyna is Director of Legal and Economic Affairs at The European Consumer Organisation, BEUC. Agustín heads the legal and economic department composed of five policy teams (Financial Services, Digital, Consumer Rights, Competition, and Consumer Redress and Enforcement). He leads the Financial Services team and coordinates the organisation's work on competition law enforcement and policy before the Commission and the EU courts. Since 2018 he acts as non-governmental advisor for the Commission to the International Competition Network and represents BEUC in various European and international fora. He holds a PhD. in law from the University of Bremen and often publishes in scientific journals on issues related to EU law. Dark Patterns and Data-Driven Manipulation Leiden University (NL) Mark R.Leiser When Privacy and Data Protection Rules, What and Who Loses Out? Interdisciplinary Hub for Digitalisation and Society (iHub), Radboud University Nijmegen (NL) SarahEskens	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	1,684	[ 128000, 11855, 5576, 482, 578, 7665, 26262, 10995, 285, 24444, 320, 11855, 340, 9219, 592, 25196, 40183, 64, 374, 10783, 315, 25705, 323, 23362, 23298, 520, 578, 7665, 26262, 47843, 11, 7354, 5576, 13, 4701, 592, 25196, 14971, 279, 5897, 323, 7100, 9476, 24306, 315, 4330, 4947, 7411, 320, 57330, 8471, 11, 14434, 11, 26262, 10734, 11, 42321, 11, 323, 26262, 3816, 676, 323, 44056, 570, 1283, 11767, 279, 17961, 8471, 2128, 323, 14259, 279, 22139, 596, 990, 389, 10937, 2383, 13627, 323, 4947, 1603, 279, 9849, 323, 279, 10013, 19359, 13, 8876, 220, 679, 23, 568, 14385, 439, 2536, 46704, 278, 37713, 369, 279, 9849, 311, 279, 7327, 42321, 8304, 323, 11105, 7354, 5576, 304, 5370, 7665, 323, 6625, 86084, 13, 1283, 10187, 264, 30661, 13, 304 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 11855, 5576, 482, 578, 7665, 26262, 10995, 285, 24444, 320, 11855, 340, 9219, 592, 25196, 40183, 64, 374, 10783, 315, 25705, 323, 23362, 23298, 520, 578, 7665, 26262, 47843, 11, 7354, 5576, 13, 4701, 592, 25196, 14971, 279, 5897, 323, 7100, 9476, 24306, 315, 4330, 4947, 7411, 320, 57330, 8471, 11, 14434, 11, 26262, 10734, 11, 42321, 11, 323, 26262, 3816, 676, 323, 44056, 570, 1283, 11767, 279, 17961, 8471, 2128, 323, 14259, 279, 22139, 596, 990, 389, 10937, 2383, 13627, 323, 4947, 1603, 279, 9849, 323, 279, 10013, 19359, 13, 8876, 220, 679, 23, 568, 14385, 439, 2536, 46704, 278, 37713, 369, 279, 9849, 311, 279, 7327, 42321, 8304, 323, 11105, 7354, 5576, 304, 5370, 7665, 323, 6625, 86084, 13, 1283, 10187, 264, 30661, 13, 304, -100 ]
The American Psychological Association (APA) is the leading scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States, with more than 115,700 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students as its members. APA's News & Events. The IUPsyS sponsors an International Congress of Psychology (ICP) every four years. The ICP is organized by a national host committee under the auspices of the Union and in consultation with the IUPsyS Executive Committee. ICP's 2020 Congress. "La Psicología en el Siglo XXI: ¿Qué nos une?" es el lema que convoca a todos los psicólogos colombianos a participar en el congreso que se realizará del 11 al 14 de septiembre de 2019 en el Centro de Convenciones Blue Gardens – Hotel Hilton Garden Inn Barranquilla. The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) represents and supports the profession of school psychology by advancing effective practices to improve students' learning, behavior and mental health, and by maintaining essential standards for ethics and practice. NASP's 2019 Annual Convention. The Interamerican Society of Psychology (SIP) was founded in Mexico City by a group of behavioral scientists on December 17, 1951. The SIP provides a means of communication among psychologists with similar interests in North, Central, and South America, and the Caribbean, and to promote the development of psychology in the western hemisphere. SIP's Congress.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	7,844	[ 128000, 791, 3778, 70069, 10229, 320, 89769, 8, 374, 279, 6522, 12624, 323, 6721, 7471, 14393, 31018, 304, 279, 3723, 4273, 11, 449, 810, 1109, 220, 7322, 11, 7007, 12074, 11, 50794, 11, 78545, 11, 50184, 323, 4236, 439, 1202, 3697, 13, 84640, 596, 5513, 612, 18093, 627, 791, 358, 3202, 23707, 50, 39701, 459, 7327, 8151, 315, 36673, 320, 1341, 47, 8, 1475, 3116, 1667, 13, 578, 358, 7269, 374, 17057, 555, 264, 5426, 3552, 13093, 1234, 279, 90196, 1238, 315, 279, 9323, 323, 304, 29173, 449, 279, 358, 3202, 23707, 50, 18362, 10554, 13, 358, 7269, 596, 220, 2366, 15, 8151, 627, 1, 8921, 12065, 292, 54433, 665, 658, 42660, 385, 30388, 40, 25, 29386, 66806, 12155, 6316, 7673, 1560, 658, 514, 1764, 1744, 5804, 17270 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 791, 3778, 70069, 10229, 320, 89769, 8, 374, 279, 6522, 12624, 323, 6721, 7471, 14393, 31018, 304, 279, 3723, 4273, 11, 449, 810, 1109, 220, 7322, 11, 7007, 12074, 11, 50794, 11, 78545, 11, 50184, 323, 4236, 439, 1202, 3697, 13, 84640, 596, 5513, 612, 18093, 627, 791, 358, 3202, 23707, 50, 39701, 459, 7327, 8151, 315, 36673, 320, 1341, 47, 8, 1475, 3116, 1667, 13, 578, 358, 7269, 374, 17057, 555, 264, 5426, 3552, 13093, 1234, 279, 90196, 1238, 315, 279, 9323, 323, 304, 29173, 449, 279, 358, 3202, 23707, 50, 18362, 10554, 13, 358, 7269, 596, 220, 2366, 15, 8151, 627, 1, 8921, 12065, 292, 54433, 665, 658, 42660, 385, 30388, 40, 25, 29386, 66806, 12155, 6316, 7673, 1560, 658, 514, 1764, 1744, 5804, 17270, -100 ]
VIDEO: Ben Golub, CEO Docker - InternetNews. The modern world of virtualization has largely been dominated with virtual machine hypervisor technologies like VMware, KVM and Xen, but there are alternatives. Among them is the increasingly popular Docker open-source container technology. Docker issued the 0.7 release of its namesake technology today, expanding the base of its support to all major Linux distributions. In a video interview with eWEEK, Docker Inc. CEO Ben Golub explains the company's promise and where it's headed. Docker Inc., formerly known as dotCloud, recently rebranded to the Docker name. Golub joined the company in April, after a successful exit from Gluster Inc., which he sold to Red Hat for $136 million in 2011. The lessons that Golub learned from his experience at Gluster are informing his decision-making and the direction he is taking for Docker. "What I learned from Gluster is, if you want to be open-source and you want to make a difference, you have to be radically different and present a significantly newer way of doing things," Golub said. "With Docker, what we're really doing is taking a model of building and deploying code that has been broken for a while and replacing it with a radically simple idea to containerize code and make it possible to really build once and ship anywhere."	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	7,492	[ 128000, 51695, 25, 7505, 55679, 392, 11, 12432, 41649, 482, 8191, 14710, 627, 791, 6617, 1917, 315, 4200, 2065, 706, 14090, 1027, 30801, 449, 4200, 5780, 9950, 32496, 14645, 1093, 66012, 11, 735, 11435, 323, 49329, 11, 719, 1070, 527, 27548, 13, 22395, 1124, 374, 279, 15098, 5526, 41649, 1825, 31874, 5593, 5557, 627, 35, 13973, 11136, 279, 220, 15, 13, 22, 4984, 315, 1202, 5144, 731, 5557, 3432, 11, 24050, 279, 2385, 315, 1202, 1862, 311, 682, 3682, 14677, 43785, 13, 763, 264, 2835, 7274, 449, 384, 54, 33362, 11, 41649, 4953, 13, 12432, 7505, 55679, 392, 15100, 279, 2883, 596, 11471, 323, 1405, 433, 596, 19946, 627, 35, 13973, 4953, 2637, 34833, 3967, 439, 13046, 16440, 11, 6051, 312, 1347, 6601, 311, 279, 41649, 836, 13 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 51695, 25, 7505, 55679, 392, 11, 12432, 41649, 482, 8191, 14710, 627, 791, 6617, 1917, 315, 4200, 2065, 706, 14090, 1027, 30801, 449, 4200, 5780, 9950, 32496, 14645, 1093, 66012, 11, 735, 11435, 323, 49329, 11, 719, 1070, 527, 27548, 13, 22395, 1124, 374, 279, 15098, 5526, 41649, 1825, 31874, 5593, 5557, 627, 35, 13973, 11136, 279, 220, 15, 13, 22, 4984, 315, 1202, 5144, 731, 5557, 3432, 11, 24050, 279, 2385, 315, 1202, 1862, 311, 682, 3682, 14677, 43785, 13, 763, 264, 2835, 7274, 449, 384, 54, 33362, 11, 41649, 4953, 13, 12432, 7505, 55679, 392, 15100, 279, 2883, 596, 11471, 323, 1405, 433, 596, 19946, 627, 35, 13973, 4953, 2637, 34833, 3967, 439, 13046, 16440, 11, 6051, 312, 1347, 6601, 311, 279, 41649, 836, 13, -100 ]
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We were skeptical at first but figured we would try it out and very happy with the results. Very easy to set up.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	9,308	[ 128000, 3513, 3025, 311, 1893, 5361, 2160, 1307, 287, 21343, 449, 2204, 2027, 7437, 11, 2467, 20447, 323, 2467, 89493, 311, 35608, 701, 51752, 627, 12389, 2539, 1314, 311, 2680, 18300, 1008, 5178, 389, 701, 5690, 14058, 6783, 627, 20484, 56, 61975, 15334, 49233, 362, 19003, 16880, 1753, 29397, 8201, 6399, 5380, 12389, 499, 3596, 1047, 420, 3621, 30, 55057, 6444, 4034, 701, 3997, 11, 15884, 1427, 520, 701, 3956, 11, 719, 1120, 5387, 2085, 39829, 13, 3277, 420, 8741, 11, 499, 1440, 499, 5675, 459, 8173, 26171, 889, 7543, 892, 3411, 520, 701, 3956, 13, 36530, 11, 814, 617, 2802, 304, 1148, 499, 3085, 13, 2030, 1457, 814, 2351, 8208, 13, 90964, 956, 499, 1093, 264, 2132, 6140, 311, 5625, 1124, 1139, 264, 6412, 5380, 4438, 1053 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 3513, 3025, 311, 1893, 5361, 2160, 1307, 287, 21343, 449, 2204, 2027, 7437, 11, 2467, 20447, 323, 2467, 89493, 311, 35608, 701, 51752, 627, 12389, 2539, 1314, 311, 2680, 18300, 1008, 5178, 389, 701, 5690, 14058, 6783, 627, 20484, 56, 61975, 15334, 49233, 362, 19003, 16880, 1753, 29397, 8201, 6399, 5380, 12389, 499, 3596, 1047, 420, 3621, 30, 55057, 6444, 4034, 701, 3997, 11, 15884, 1427, 520, 701, 3956, 11, 719, 1120, 5387, 2085, 39829, 13, 3277, 420, 8741, 11, 499, 1440, 499, 5675, 459, 8173, 26171, 889, 7543, 892, 3411, 520, 701, 3956, 13, 36530, 11, 814, 617, 2802, 304, 1148, 499, 3085, 13, 2030, 1457, 814, 2351, 8208, 13, 90964, 956, 499, 1093, 264, 2132, 6140, 311, 5625, 1124, 1139, 264, 6412, 5380, 4438, 1053, -100 ]
Franchise Sports Tallahassee FSU Football FSU Basketball FSU Baseball FAMU Basketball FAMU Baseball TCC Basketball TCC Baseball Amos P. Godby FAMU DRS Florida State University HS Maclay North Florida Christian Rickards Franchise Sports Category Archives: TCC Baseball College, Tallahassee Community College, TCC Baseball TCC to take on Chipola College April 11, 2018 Jacob Wicinski Leave a comment Jacob Wicinski, Correspondent (JacobWicinskiFS on Twitter) TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Tallahassee Community College Eagles will play Chipola College on the road on Monday, as well as at home on Wednesday. The Eagles will look to maintain their success, as they have gone on a six-game winning streak, as well as an 8-2 record over their last 10 games. TCC is 31-14 so far this season, while going 9-7 in conference play, and 21-10 at home. They are 10-4 on the road. A reason for this success is the team's batting. They have a .303 batting average as a team this season. Cole Vann, a sophomore outfielder, is a major contributor. He leads the team in home runs (six), slugging percentage (.583), doubles (12) and hits (47). Vann is also second in on-base percentage (.503) and RBI (34). The team's pitching has helped as well, though they have a 4.12 ERA. Jake Kinney, a sophomore relief pitcher for the Eagles, has helped with a team-low 1.21 ERA. Kinney also leads the team in strikeouts per nine innings (16.38), saves (5) and appearances (19). The Eagles' pitching has improved as the year has gone on. In the month of February, the Eagles gave up 145 hits, 77 earned runs and accumulated a 4.94 ERA in only 16 games. However, in March, they only gave up 120 hits, 56 earned runs as well as having a 3.61 ERA, despite playing in four more games. After the Eagles play Chipola, they will finish the season playing three two-game series against Gulf Coast State College, Pensacola State College and Northwest Florida State College. College, FAMU Baseball, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee Community College, TCC Baseball Eagles beat Rattlers in Preseason Tune-Up November 1, 2017 Royal A. Shepherd Leave a comment Chrystal Fernandes, Correspondent (@CFernadesFS on Twitter) TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Florida A&M University baseball team (FAMU) took on the Tallahassee Community College Eagles (TCC) in their annual exhibition game to start off the season. With very few mistakes from the players, the Rattlers took a 4-0 lead. "We had to keep going, and not think about it," TCC's Kyle Bensen said. In the next two innings, both teams had difficulty scoring due to all the mistakes being made. At the top of the third inning, the Eagles scored five runs to take the lead. At the top of the fifth inning, Bensen hit a two-run homerun, giving the Eagles a lead of 7-4. "It was a great feeling," Bensen said. The Rattlers struggled to get a good hit off the bat or to catch any balls hit from the Eagles the rest of the way. The Eagles added another run to seal the game. With a final score of 8-4, the Eagles took home a win giving them motivation for what this new season has in store. TCC Baseball Disappoints In Conference Opener March 8, 2017 Max Fay Leave a comment Max Fay, Editor in Chief (@Max_Fay on Twitter) TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net)–Tallahassee Community College got off on the wrong foot, then couldn't put one foot in front of the other. The Eagles (15-11) fell behind early and never could make it a ballgame, getting thrashed 16-5 by Chipola (20-4) in their first conference game of the season. Starting pitcher Brooks Buckler lasted only 1.2 innings, giving up seven earned runs on five hits and three walks. The lone bright spot for TCC was Cole Vann, who homered to straight away center field, and then came on to pitch in the sixth inning, recording a pair strikeouts. Max Fay \| Franchise Sports Tallahassee "It was a bad start," TCC head coach Mike McLeod said. "We made some mistakes on the mound and out in the field early. We walked guys and gave up a lot of hits, and that is a recipe not very conducive to winning a baseball game. The lack of defensive really took us out of the game." Continue reading TCC Baseball Disappoints In Conference Opener → TCC Baseball Extend their Winning Streak to Seven Games March 4, 2017 Marcus Joseph Leave a comment Alex Krutchik, Correspondent (@AlexKrutchikFS on Twitter) TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Tallahassee Community College Eagles (13-10) defeated the East Georgia State Bobcats to extend 7-2 to extend their winning streak to seven games. TCC scored first when Myron Mebane drove home Tanner Thomas on a single to center. After starting the season 0-for-13, he's turned it around and is 4-for-11 in his last four games. This is the seventh straight game in which the Eagles have scored in the first inning. The Eagles scored a run in each of the first four innings. A single by Bryce Plummer brought home Jack Hartman in the second inning, and a sacrifice fly by Thomas allowed the second run of the inning to score. Nick Blasucci drove home Deyvid Silva in the third inning to give TCC a 4-0 lead. Already with a run on the board in the fifth inning, Silva knocked in two more runs to provide the Eagles with a 7-0 cushion. The Eagles didn't score the rest of the game, but their pitching staff took care of business. Starting pitcher Hunter Tinsley pitched four innings and gave up four hits and no earned runs. The only time he got in trouble was in the top of the fifth, when he gave up a walk to the first three batters of the inning. TCC Coach Mike McCleod pulled him and Jake Hunkiar came in relief. He retired the first two batters, and it appeared that he'd retire the third and get out of the jam. However, first baseman Blasucci couldn't field an errant throw by shortstop Silva to end the inning. The error allowed two runs to score. Silva made up for it on the very next play and got the final out of the sixth. Nick Marchese came in the seventh to closed out the next three innings for the Eagles. He retired seven of his first eight batters. Six of those batters were struck out. Over three innings, he gave up no hits, three walks, and struck out seven. TCC plays East Georgia State again on Saturday at 1:00, and Grand Rapids Community College at 6:00. TCC Baseball Coach Mike McCleod picked up his 900th career victory February 26, 2017 Marcus Joseph Leave a comment TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Tallahassee Community College Eagles used a six-run sixth inning to win and give head coach Mike McCleod his 900th career win as the Eagles (9-10) defeated the Chattahoochee Valley Pirates (Ala.) 11-6. All of coach Mike McCleod wins have come during his 27-year tenure at TCC. During his time as an Eagle, his teams have won five Panhandle Conference Championships, most recently in 2013. "I'm just very grateful that I've had the longevity to have associated with these young men," said McCloud, who was also an assistant under Florida State head coach Mike Martin from 1982-1990. "What it means to me is just remembering all the times." Both teams traded runs in the first. CVCC's Kurt Ornowski reached on an error and was later driven in by Carson Hughes. In the bottom of the inning, Jordan Curtis walked aboard and scored on a passed ball. Continue reading TCC Baseball Coach Mike McCleod picked up his 900th career victory → Eagles End Six-Game Losing Streak Alex Krutchik, Correspondent ( @AlexKrutchikFS on Twitter) TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Tallahassee Community College Eagles (8-10) got their first win in six games in a 9-6 victory against the Chattahoochee Valley Pirates (Ala.) TCC opened the scoring in the bottom of the first inning. Tanner Thomas (2-for-5) hit a single and stole a base to get himself into scoring position, and Cole Vann (2-for-4) drove him home for his first of three RBI for the game. Starting pitching for TCC was shaky once again. Nick Blasucci (3.0 IP, 4 H, 2 ER, 3 BB, 3 K) walked two batters and hit one to load the bases in the the second inning. That's when CVCC's Isaac Phillips drove him Jaylen Smith to tie the game at one. In the top of the third, CVCC strung together three hits to start the inning. A.J. Willoughby scored on a single by Brandon Hill, and Jayson Cook drove home Carson Hughes for the second run of the inning. Hill scored on the same play after a throwing error by Deyvid Silva. Continue reading Eagles End Six-Game Losing Streak → Chatt Valley Defeats Eagles Friday to take Series Opener TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – A four run second inning wasn't enough for the Tallahassee Community College Eagles (7-10), as they fell to the NJCAA No. 6 Chattahoochee Valley Pirates (Ala.), 9-6. After the Pirates scored three runs in the first two innings, Deyvid Silva and Tucker Rayburn started got walked to begin the bottom of the second, and Chris Clark was hit by a pitch. Silva scored on a wild pitch by Chandler Newman for the Eagles' first run of the game. Haughton got hit by a pitch to make the bases loaded once again, and Jack Hartman showed his patience by forcing another walk, driving in Rayburn in the process. Newman was pulled after facing five batters in the inning, walking three and hitting two. The Eagles were able to get one more run off of new pitcher Charles Crosby when Tanner Thomas hit into a fielder's choice and drove Clark home. The Eagles notched one more run in the fourth when Josh Nothdorft drove home Haughton. The 5-3 lead would be the Eagles' largest of the night. Eagle starting pitcher Brooks Buckler (6.0 IP, 3 ER, 5 H, 3 K, 4 BB) had his shakiest outing of the season against a Chattahoochee team that came into the game with a .337 batting average. He settled down after the second inning, giving up only one hit between the third and fifth innings. However, things started to unravel in the sixth for him and TCC. MJ Rookard was hit by a pitch and advanced to sacrifice bunt. Brandon Hill hit a routine fly ball to left field, but a botched catch allowed Rookard to score, and Hill to reach second. Jayson Cook singled to left and got Hill to third. TCC got Isaac Phillips to ground out, and Hartman made a phenomenal play to throw Cook trying to make it from first to third. However, before the play was complete, they allowed Hill to score, tying the game at five apiece. The Eagles scored once more in the bottom of the sixth, thanks to a single by Curtis to drive home Hartman. Alex Stobert came on to pitch in the seventh for the Eagles, but didn't last long. He faced four batters, and gave up three hits and three runs. He picked up his first loss of the season. With the 9-6 loss, the Eagles have lost five straight, and 10 of their last 12. They continue their three-game weekend series against the Pirates Saturday Feb. 25 at 2 p.m. TCC Baseball Loses 3rd straight game, this time to No. 2 Santa Fe Saints February 7, 2017 Marcus Joseph Leave a comment The Tallahassee Community College baseball team dropped its third straight game on Monday in a 3-1 loss to the NJCAA No. 8/Region 8 No. 2 Santa Fe Saints. Both teams were locked in a pitching battle early on. Going into the bottom of the fifth inning, neither team had given up a run or a hit. That all changed when TCC's Chris Hawkins delivered a single off of Santa Fe pitcher Kyle Morton. However Morton kept the shutout going until Deyvid Silva drove home a run in the sixth. That would be TCC's only run of the game. The Santa Fe bullpen combined for three innings, striking out three and giving up no runs. Tallahassee pitcher Brooks Buckler came out of the gates looking like he was ready to throw another gem. Coming into the game, he has pitched eight straight innings without giving up a run. He carried a no-hitter into the sixth, but after a single, wild pitch, and a sacrifice fly, the Saints scored twice in the inning. In the next inning, Santa Fe's Stephen Smith reached base on an error by TCC second baseman Josh Nothdorft. Smith then stole second base and later scored on a throwing error by Chris Clark. Santa Fe only had three hits, but reached base through six walks and two batters hit by a pitch. TCC committed three errors. This is the third straight loss for TCC after starting the season 5-0. They will play again on Wednesday against Florida State College at Jacksonville. RECAP: Eagles beat Hawks, 12-4, To Improve to 5-0 TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Tallahassee Community College Eagles baseball team defeated the South Georgia State Hawks in a 12-4 blowout Wednesday afternoon. Reigning NJCAA Region 8 pitcher of the week Brooks Buckler had a short, but effective outing. In three innings, he gave up two hits and zero runs. He's on an eight inning scoreless streak to start the season. The Eagles first got on the board with a three-run homer by Aaron Haughton in the bottom of the first. Coming into the game, he was 4-for-8. TCC manager Mike McCleod is impressed with his start to the season. "I was very pleased with Haughton and how much he's got going at the plate right now," said McCloud. "He's hitting the ball very hard and that home run he hit was a bullet." Casey Cribb would later hit a home run of his own. It was a two-run shot in the third inning to give the Eagles a 6-0 lead. He went 2-for-3 and drove in two runs. The Eagles notched two more runs in the fourth inning. Jordan Curtis came in as a pinch hitter in the sixth inning and delivered a hard hit ball to left-center. He legged out a triple and drove in two runs. The Eagles added two more runs later in the inning. Octavio Marin came in to pitch with two runners on and two outs in the top of the fifth. He pitched two innings and got his first win of the season. Tallahassee Community College and South Georgia State will play again on Friday, Feb. 3 at 4 p.m. in Douglas, Ga. TCC Eagles Win Season Opener, 7-2 January 28, 2017 Marcus Joseph Leave a comment TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – It was a cold night in Tallahassee as the Tallahassee Community College Eagles cruised to a 7-2 victory over the Pasco-Hernando State Conquistadors. TCC starting pitcher Brooks Buckler made sure the Conquistador's bats were cold too. Through five innings, he gave up no hits and no walks. He also struck out four. Offensively, it was hard for the Eagles to get going early on. Lead-off hitter Bret Maxwell got on base in the first inning, but was caught stealing. In the bottom of the second inning, Casey Cribb and Tucker Rayburn got on base with no outs. Jack Hartman hit the ball right at Pasco-Hernando pitcher Tyler Beck, who then bobbled the ball. That allowed Cribb and Rayburn to advance, but Hartman mistakenly started running towards second base after the bobble. And, was thrown out when trying to get back to first base. Myron Mebane flied out, and Jordan Curtis struck out. Suddenly, the rally was over. The Eagles turned it around in the third. Chris Clark started the inning with a triple, and would later score on a wild pitch. The Eagles scored three more times in the inning, with runs scored by Deyvid Silva, Casey Cribb, and Tucker Rayburn. Jack Hartman scored for the Eagles in the fifth. Then two runs by Clark and Maxwell gave the Eagles all the insurance they needed. Although the Eagles won easily, manager Mike McLeod said the offense should've capitalized more on their opportunities. "We swung at a lot of air tonight when we had guys in scoring position. We got to learn how to put the ball in play," said McLeod, who is in his 27th year as TCC's manager. "When we got the other team down, we gotta kick them, and we've gotta keep them down. We had many opportunities to really drive home the final nail and we never did. We kept them in the game." In the top of the sixth, Pasco-Hernando got on the board when first baseman Alex Reynolds drove home Tyree Austin on a single to shallow left. The next inning, left fielder Jose Oliva smashed a ball over the left field fence for a solo home run. Christian Dearman finished the last 2.1 innings for the Eagles. He gave up no runs, and struck out three. The two teams will play a doubleheader on Jan. 28. The first game starts at 1:00 p.m Franchise Sports is a local student-media organization covering Tallahassee sports. 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Franchise Sports will be a community leader and a household name with a respectable and credible reputation.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	9,588	[ 128000, 23376, 66790, 13482, 42202, 93066, 4151, 198, 8653, 52, 21424, 198, 8653, 52, 47589, 198, 8653, 52, 38258, 198, 37, 1428, 52, 47589, 198, 37, 1428, 52, 38258, 198, 51, 3791, 47589, 198, 51, 3791, 38258, 198, 6219, 437, 393, 13, 4359, 1729, 198, 37, 1428, 52, 423, 11706, 198, 58127, 3314, 3907, 34514, 198, 30635, 566, 352, 198, 26287, 9784, 9052, 198, 73345, 2402, 198, 23376, 66790, 13482, 198, 6888, 38329, 25, 350, 3791, 38258, 198, 57549, 11, 42202, 93066, 4151, 12332, 9304, 11, 350, 3791, 38258, 198, 51, 3791, 311, 1935, 389, 32013, 8083, 9304, 198, 29146, 220, 806, 11, 220, 679, 23, 25537, 468, 292, 53977, 197, 22586, 264, 4068, 198, 95267, 468, 292, 53977, 11, 52042, 306, 320, 95267, 54, 292, 53977, 8653 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 23376, 66790, 13482, 42202, 93066, 4151, 198, 8653, 52, 21424, 198, 8653, 52, 47589, 198, 8653, 52, 38258, 198, 37, 1428, 52, 47589, 198, 37, 1428, 52, 38258, 198, 51, 3791, 47589, 198, 51, 3791, 38258, 198, 6219, 437, 393, 13, 4359, 1729, 198, 37, 1428, 52, 423, 11706, 198, 58127, 3314, 3907, 34514, 198, 30635, 566, 352, 198, 26287, 9784, 9052, 198, 73345, 2402, 198, 23376, 66790, 13482, 198, 6888, 38329, 25, 350, 3791, 38258, 198, 57549, 11, 42202, 93066, 4151, 12332, 9304, 11, 350, 3791, 38258, 198, 51, 3791, 311, 1935, 389, 32013, 8083, 9304, 198, 29146, 220, 806, 11, 220, 679, 23, 25537, 468, 292, 53977, 197, 22586, 264, 4068, 198, 95267, 468, 292, 53977, 11, 52042, 306, 320, 95267, 54, 292, 53977, 8653, -100 ]
1. Field services. Western Electrical Services has 27 NETA-certified technicians to provide testing services to the highest safety and reliability standards. The work experience, education, and training of our NETA technicians ensures they are current with new technologies and have the knowledge to test a wide variety of power systems. 2. Equipment sales and service. Circuit Breaker Sales Co., Inc., provides new, surplus, obsolete, and remanufactured electrical equipment and replacement parts from the largest inventory in the U.S. CBS Northeast and Circuit Breaker Sales & Repair carry a vast inventory of parts and also specialize in the repair, remanufacture, upgrade, and life extension of power distribution equipment. Meanwhile, CBS Nuclear specializes in shop and field servicing of Class 1E safety-related switchgear and circuit breakers. We are the Gulf Coast's #1 service shop for low- and medium-voltage circuit breaker repair, remanufacture, upgrade and life extension services. Replacement parts are our specialty and we also sell circuit breakers, switchgear and other power distribution equipment. 3. Special component suppliers. Need a specialty part? Solid State Exchange & Repair Co. repairs, replaces, and tests electronic devices for a broad range of circuit breakers. Vacuum Interrupters, Inc., (VI) offers bottle replacements for all types of breakers and contactors. 4. Engineered solutions. Group CBS affiliate companies provide a number of specially engineered solutions. VI boasts the vacuum interrupter test set, instrument transformer tester, and circuit breaker timer, along with our HVLab, a high-voltage laboratory equipped with specialized test equipment and measuring instrumentation to evaluate and certify low- and medium-voltage electrical equipment. For arc-flash protection, CBS ArcSafe is your one-stop shop, with hundreds of remote racking and remote switch actuator solutions. Like NETA and PowerTest, Group CBS has matured in its offerings to accommodate a wide variety of customers with electrical testing, equipment, specialty components, and engineered solutions. Contact us for your next project.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	1,851	[ 128000, 16, 13, 8771, 3600, 13, 11104, 45034, 8471, 706, 220, 1544, 452, 21352, 62134, 1908, 53459, 311, 3493, 7649, 3600, 311, 279, 8592, 7296, 323, 31638, 10886, 13, 578, 990, 3217, 11, 6873, 11, 323, 4967, 315, 1057, 452, 21352, 53459, 26420, 814, 527, 1510, 449, 502, 14645, 323, 617, 279, 6677, 311, 1296, 264, 7029, 8205, 315, 2410, 6067, 627, 17, 13, 20849, 6763, 323, 2532, 13, 28317, 15996, 261, 16207, 3623, 2637, 4953, 2637, 5825, 502, 11, 41548, 11, 47166, 11, 323, 1323, 276, 4830, 3149, 20314, 7241, 323, 14039, 5596, 505, 279, 7928, 15808, 304, 279, 549, 815, 13, 24991, 45680, 323, 28317, 15996, 261, 16207, 612, 28266, 6920, 264, 13057, 15808, 315, 5596, 323, 1101, 48444, 304, 279, 13023, 11, 1323, 276, 4830 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 16, 13, 8771, 3600, 13, 11104, 45034, 8471, 706, 220, 1544, 452, 21352, 62134, 1908, 53459, 311, 3493, 7649, 3600, 311, 279, 8592, 7296, 323, 31638, 10886, 13, 578, 990, 3217, 11, 6873, 11, 323, 4967, 315, 1057, 452, 21352, 53459, 26420, 814, 527, 1510, 449, 502, 14645, 323, 617, 279, 6677, 311, 1296, 264, 7029, 8205, 315, 2410, 6067, 627, 17, 13, 20849, 6763, 323, 2532, 13, 28317, 15996, 261, 16207, 3623, 2637, 4953, 2637, 5825, 502, 11, 41548, 11, 47166, 11, 323, 1323, 276, 4830, 3149, 20314, 7241, 323, 14039, 5596, 505, 279, 7928, 15808, 304, 279, 549, 815, 13, 24991, 45680, 323, 28317, 15996, 261, 16207, 612, 28266, 6920, 264, 13057, 15808, 315, 5596, 323, 1101, 48444, 304, 279, 13023, 11, 1323, 276, 4830, -100 ]
Enterfear è il ventiduesimo album in studio del rapper statunitense Tech N9ne, pubblicato nel 2020. Tracce Collegamenti esterni	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia" }	782	[ 128000, 6403, 69, 686, 11676, 3900, 10594, 307, 1157, 11620, 8176, 304, 14356, 1624, 50437, 2863, 3928, 1137, 17829, 452, 24, 818, 11, 61249, 416, 4428, 25334, 220, 2366, 15, 382, 1305, 582, 346, 271, 6255, 1978, 64580, 1826, 944, 72, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 6403, 69, 686, 11676, 3900, 10594, 307, 1157, 11620, 8176, 304, 14356, 1624, 50437, 2863, 3928, 1137, 17829, 452, 24, 818, 11, 61249, 416, 4428, 25334, 220, 2366, 15, 382, 1305, 582, 346, 271, 6255, 1978, 64580, 1826, 944, 72, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
Filed under: Searches, Drug Testing. Location: Washington. The Court of Appeals for the State of Washington has held that pretrial conditions for release on personal recognize that require a defendant to undergo an alcohol evaluation, comply with any recommended treatment and attend three weekly self-help meetings were not authorized by court rule and violated the United States and Washington Constitutions. Robert Butler was charged with a DUI after he rear-ended a King County Sheriff's vehicle. A test revealed that Butler had a blood alcohol reading of .20. When released on his own recognizance, the state district court imposed the above conditions for Butler to remain on release pending trial. A superior court denied Butler's habeas petition challenging the conditions, but entered an order prohibiting the state from using any statements he might make during the evaluation against him. The appellate court found that the pre-release conditions amounted to post-conviction penalties that might be imposed on a probationer. The Court stated such requirements "could involve serious restrictions on [Butler's] constitutional rights." Specifically, the Court found the conditions were "direct commands" that constrained Butler's right to autonomous decision making, his right against self-incrimination and his right to confidentiality. When Butler tried to comply with the evaluation condition under the protection order, the evaluator terminated the interview and complained to the district court that Butler would not cooperate. The Court of Appeal cited this as a clear violation of Butler's right against self-incrimination, as the counselor wanted him to discuss the crime he was accused of committing before he went to trial. The conditions were vacated as not permitted by law. See: Butler v. Kato, 137 Wash.App. 515, 154 P.3d 259 (Wash.App. Div. 1, 2007). Butler v. Kato 137 Wash.App. 515, (Wash.App. Div. 1, 2007) New York OIG Report Reveals 1,600 State Prisoners Punished Over Faulty Drug Tests, Aug. 1, 2022. False Charges (Disciplinary Hearings), Drug Testing. Unreliable Drug Tests Standard for Law Enforcement and Prisons, Dec. 1, 2021. Drug Testing, junk science. Massachusetts Department of Corrections Sued Over Use of "Fake" Drug Tests on Legal Mail, Nov. 1, 2021. Jail Misconduct, Drug Testing, Class Notice, Mail. San Francisco Forensic Analyst's Arrest on Drug Charges Exposes Flawed Lab, Feb. 15, 2021. Drug Testing, Crime Labs, junk science. Seventh Circuit Rejects Retaliation Claim Based on Suspicious Timing Alone, Oct. 4, 2020. Retaliation, Searches, Failure to Protect (General), First Amendment, rights. New Fingerprint Test Can Distinguish Whether Person Ingested Cocaine or Only Touched It, April 15, 2020. Drug Testing. NY State Prisons Finally Stop Using Faulty Drug Testing Equipment; Class Action Lawsuit Filed by Victims, April 1, 2020. Contractor Misconduct, Drug Testing. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court: When Exit Order is Unlawful, Evidence Obtained from Subsequent Search Must be Suppressed, Feb. 18, 2020. Searches. California Court of Appeal: Electronics Searching Condition Struck in Mandatory Supervision Case, Feb. 18, 2020. Searches. First Circuit Vacates Conviction Because Sister had Neither Actual nor Apparent Authority to Consent to Search of Brother's Bags, Jan. 21, 2020. 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BioMarin Pharmaceutical inc (BMRN) Q3 2021 Earnings Call Transcript BMRN earnings call for the period ending September 30, 2021. Oct 28, 2021 at 12:01AM BioMarin Pharmaceutical inc (NASDAQ:BMRN) Oct 27, 2021, 4:30 p.m. ET Welcome to BioMarin's Third Quarter 2021 Financial Results Conference Call. Hosting the conference call today from BioMarin is Traci McCarty, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Traci. Traci McCarty -- Vice President of Investor Relations Thank you, Grace. Thank you, everyone, for joining us today. To remind you, this nonconfidential presentation contains forward-looking statements about the business prospects of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., including expectations regarding BioMarin's financial performance, commercial products and potential future products in different areas of therapeutic research and development. Results may differ materially depending on the progress of BioMarin's product programs, actions of regulatory authorities, availability of capital, future actions in the pharmaceutical market and developments by competitors and those factors detailed in BioMarin's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, such as 10-Q, 10-K and 8-K reports. On the call today from BioMarin management are J.J. Bienaime, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Jeff Ajer, Executive Vice President, Chief Commercial Officer; Hank Fuchs, President, Worldwide Research and Development; Greg Guyer, Executive Vice President, Chief Technical Officer; and Brian Mueller, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer. We hope to keep this call to an hour, so respectfully request that you limit yourself to one question during the Q&A portion of the call. Thank you so much. I will now turn the call over to BioMarin's Chairman and CEO, J.J. Bienaime. Jean-Jacques Bienaime -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Thank you, Traci, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for -- all for joining us today. BioMarin's commercial organization is excited to be launching our seventh commercial product, following the August approval in Europe of VOXZOGO for the treatment of achondroplasia for children ages two years and up. I would say that the level of initial prescription demand for patients seeking VOXZOGO treatment in Europe has exceeded our expectations. VOXZOGO revenues this year will come from France and Germany, where there are a number of children already on therapy as well as a number of select early access countries in Europe, Middle East and Africa and actually also Latin America. As the first and only approved medicine that targets the underlying cause of achondroplasia and improves bone growth in children, we are very pleased with the early indicators of product demand. In the U.S., we are in late-stage labeling and post marketing-requirement discussions with the FDA. So we remain encouraged about the potential positive FDA PDUFA action outcome in less than a month now. Adding the U.S. approval would pave the way for our largest global product launch to date and set the stage for significant revenue growth starting in 2022. Turning to 2021 financials, it is important to understand the dynamics of our global business to appreciate the underlying strength. Despite the impact from anticipated uneven ordering in the first half of the year as compared to what is expected in the second half of the year, we are pleased to be improving full year top and bottom line guidance. And this despite Kuvan having faced generic competition since the fourth quarter of last year, we actually -- despite this, we anticipate generating full year '21 revenues, mostly in line with our 2020 revenues, which illustrates the strength of our base business. This is a result of underlying growth in net product revenues from products marketed by BioMarin, excluding Kuvan, and also continued expense management. The number of patients treated with BioMarin therapies has increased this quarter for all our products, other than the Kuvan, of course, and has reached record levels. We expect revenues to rebound in the fourth quarter as compared to the third quarter so as to end up with a strong finish in 2021. With the addition of VOXZOGO in Europe and the anticipated U.S. approval, we expect a significant step-up in revenues beginning next year in 2022, leading to anticipated sustainable positive GAAP income for full year starting next year. We will provide full year 2022 guidance as usual during our fourth quarter quarterly call on -- next February. Suffice it to say that our strategy to layer on VOXZOGO and potentially ROCTAVIAN to our strong base business, leveraging our global infrastructure and manufacturing capabilities to drive meaningful profitability, is rolling out as planned. In support of that plan, cash flows from operating activities increased to nearly $300 million year-to-date and are driving the expansion of BioMarin's earlier-stage pipeline. With six early stage products on the agenda for our upcoming R&D Day, we expect to initiate clinical trials for multiple new products over the coming years. Harnessing genetic technologies to speed our discovery capabilities has resulted in an exponential growth in our preclinical assets, and we are very excited to share our progress with you on November 30. So the past 18 months have been challenging for many reasons, the global pandemic, regulatory setbacks, et cetera, but we have remained focused on our mission and goals. BioMarin has never been better positioned to achieve the next level of growth, and we plan to capitalize on the many opportunities that are before us. I want to thank our BioMarin colleagues and associates for their continued commitment to developing the essential medicines that help so many. So thank you all for your continued support. I will now turn the call over to Jeff to discuss the commercial business update. Jeff? Jeffrey Robert Ajer -- Executive Vice President, Chief Commercial Officer Thank you, J.J. I'm very pleased with the team's performance across all brands and all regions during the quarter. Not only are we improving top line guidance for the year, but we are at the start of launching, what, maybe our biggest brand to date, VOXZOGO. As J.J. already described, the impact of large unevenly timed orders for our enzyme replacement therapy brands in the first half of the year as well as the U.S. loss of the Kuvan market exclusivity a year ago was notable in the third quarter. Despite those dynamics, we achieved $409 million in total revenues, reflecting solid demand in the third quarter and year-over-year growth in net product revenues marketed by BioMarin, excluding Kuvan. Q3 revenues were consistent with our expectations around order timing and the balance between first half and second half revenues communicated previously. Keep in mind, patient demand remains a key indicator to gauge product demand. For both Naglazyme and Vimizim, patient numbers increased by more than 10%, respectively, year-over-year. For Brineura, in the third quarter, children on therapy increased by more than 20% year-over-year. Moving to Palynziq, where 32% year-over-year growth translated to $61 million in net product revenues in the third quarter, reflecting a combination of revenues for more patients achieving maintenance-dosing as well as new patients initiating therapy. This growth was achieved despite continued COVID impact, resulting in many PKU clinics operating at partial capacity. Consistent with our commentary last quarter, it is important to note that PKU clinics in the U.S. have not opened up to new patient starts at the rate we anticipated. As expected, the U.S. was the main contributor of growth in the quarter driven by U.S. patient increases of approximately 20% year-over-year. While we remain optimistic about the growth prospects for Palynziq for the balance of the year, we expect U.S. PKU clinics to increase new patient starts at a slower pace than originally anticipated. The commercial launch of Palynziq and BioMarin's Europe, Middle East and Africa region continues to progress through individual country-level pricing and reimbursement negotiations. Continuing with the PKU franchise, Kuvan contributed $68 million in revenue in the third quarter, reflecting incremental erosion to generics in the U.S. Revenues decreased by 45% year-over-year primarily due to the U.S. loss of market exclusivity in October 2020 as anticipated. Moving on to VOXZOGO, our newest commercial opportunity and likely the largest launch to date, we have been very pleased with the level of prescription demand for patients seeking VOXZOGO treatment since receiving European approval in August. A reminder that, in Europe, price and reimbursement processes are the primary gates to being able to treat patients and generate revenue, and these processes can be lengthy. Therefore, for revenue purposes, we are focused on the set of markets where we can quickly begin treating patients and generating revenues. These markets include France, Germany and a number of other markets in which we are pursuing named patient sales. Importantly, we are seeing robust prescription demand already and we are optimistic about the prospects of being able to convert that demand to patient treatment and revenue. The small revenue recorded for Q3 was from France and for the first patients there starting treatment. Already in Q4, additional patients have started therapy in France, and we have shipped VOXZOGO to Germany and Switzerland to begin treating patients in these markets. Concurrent with the EMEA launch, our U.S. commercial team is planning for the potential launch at the end of the year, assuming a positive PDUFA action outcome in November. As has been our experience with prior launches in the U.S., we do have the ability to quickly respond to prescription demand following approval. While U.S. payers are numerous and diverse, we have experienced navigating the medical exception process to facilitate early prescription demand while we work through the process yielding payer coverage policies. As with the launch of previous BioMarin brands in the U.S., this experienced team is in place and prepared for a potential approval. We look forward to providing full year VOXZOGO guidance for 2022 when we report fourth quarter results next February. We would also like to set expectations for quarterly metrics that we will report on for the next six quarters. For the quarter being reported, we will report net VOXZOGO product revenues, active markets with sales, the total number of commercial patients at the end of the quarter and other color on the progress of the launch that will help you evaluate the commercial status of VOXZOGO and inform your expectations. In conclusion, results in 2021 for our established brands are tracking to expectations for the improved top line guidance provided today, raising the low end of the total revenue guidance by $30 million as well as the low end of the ranges for Vimizim, Kuvan and Palynziq. Demand for our essential medicines in the 75 countries where we do business is robust and growing. The commercial team is energized to be launching our newest and potentially largest product opportunity with VOXZOGO in the EMEA region, and we are eagerly preparing for the potential launch in the United States, should we receive approval in November. Thank you for your attention. And I will now turn the call over to Hank to provide an R&D update. Hank? Henry J. Fuchs -- President of Worldwide Research & Development Thanks, Jeff. Similarly, the research and development organization echoes your enthusiasm for the European approval of VOXZOGO. Families have been waiting for a long time for a treatment option for their children, and we believe the targeted mechanism of VOXZOGO, which promotes endochondral bone growth during the time period when growth plates are open can have a meaningful and potentially lifelong impact on children with achondroplasia. We're so pleased that this important medicine is now available in Europe. And we look forward to hearing real-world treatment experiences as families access VOXZOGO over the coming months and years. The European approval of VOXZOGO for children ages two and up further demonstrates the importance of beginning treatment as early as possible to provide maximum clinical benefit while growth plates are amenable to treatment. We look forward to the readout of our 52-week placebo-controlled study in children, newborn through five years of age, around the middle of next year as the next potential step toward expanding access to VOXZOGO, should those data be supportive. In the United States, we look forward to the PDUFA target action date of next month. We believe the robust dossier of data under review provides clear signals of clinical benefit from VOXZOGO treatment. I also want to take the opportunity for everyone -- to thank everyone who contributed to this important milestone on behalf of families seeking a treatment option for achondroplasia. Thank you very much. Briefly, on ROCTAVIAN. Regulatory milestones are tracking to plan. At the end of November of 2021, we'll reach the two-year mark for the Phase III study and the two-year follow-up observation period. We continue to expect the submission of the U.S. biologic application for ROCTAVIAN in the second quarter of 2022, assuming supportive tier data, followed by an expected 6-month review procedure for the United States. In Europe, with the marketing authorization application validated and under review, we continue to expect CHMP opinion in the first half of next year, assuming supportive tier data, which will be shared with the EMA when it is available. We remain confident in ROCTAVIAN's potential to be an important treatment option for those with severe hemophilia A based on the clinical evidence observed to date, demonstrating dramatic reductions in bleeding rates, Factor VIII utilization and Factor VIII infusions following treatment. Turning to BMN 307 therapy -- gene therapy for phenylketonuria, following the clinical hold place on that Phase I/II study by the Food and Drug Administration, we have now received communication from the agency with guidance on next steps. We are in the process of addressing the agency's request for additional information. So we do not have an update on when the hold might be lifted. The hold on our PKU gene therapy study was based on recently identified safety findings from a nonclinical, non-GLP pharmacology study in immunodeficient mice. As scientists striving to serve patients' needs, we're committed to understanding these findings. As we have shared previously, and it was corroborated during the FDA panel discussion on AAV safety in September, it remains uncertain and in our view, unlikely that these specific findings with BMN 307 will translate to a safety issue with this or other AAV gene therapy treatments. We are working through the process with the FDA, and we'll keep you posted as we have relevant updates. Turning to our R&D Day event now planned for November 30. We look forward to sharing new data and new program updates with you. The R&D organization has hit its stride in melding our own internal discovery capabilities with genetic tools to understand underlying mechanisms of disease in order to develop targeted medicines. We're excited to share these advances with you in greater detail and describe the many assets under development in the early stage pipeline. We hope you will all tune in. Thank you so much for your support. And I'll now turn the call over to Brian to update the financial results in the quarter. Brian? Brian R. Mueller -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer Thank you, Hank. Please refer to today's press release summarizing our financial results for full details on the third quarter of 2021. As usual, our comprehensive report on the quarter will be available in our upcoming Form 10-Q, which we're on track to file over the next few days. As J.J. and Jeff mentioned, the previously anticipated order timing in 2021 has created a meaningfully uneven revenue flow between the first and second halves of the year. To illustrate the impact of select individual country order timing on Q3 2021, last quarter, Q2 2021, there was approximately $90 million more revenue, excluding Kuvan, from Brazil, Russia and the Middle East that did not recur in the third quarter, substantially accounting for the quarter over prior quarter total revenue fluctuation. Importantly, however, as Jeff mentioned, the key underlying business driver of patient demand continues to increase for all of our products, again except Kuvan in the United States. Based on these timing dynamics, we anticipate to emphasize our full year guidance as the best metrics to measure our top line financial performance. To that point, the strong start in the first half of the year drove a previous upward revision of full year 2021 revenue guidance back in July, including Vimizim and Palynziq as well as improved GAAP and non-GAAP bottom line guidance. And we're pleased to announce today that we are again improving total revenue guidance, including both Vimizim and Palynziq, by lowering -- by raising the lower end of our guidance for the full year 2021. As noted by J.J., despite the impact of a full year of Kuvan generic competition in the United States and a continued COVID-19 impact on our growth, total revenue for 2021 is expected to be mostly in line with total revenues in 2020, which is better than our expectations at the beginning of this year. Moving to operating expenses. R&D expense for the third quarter was $158 million, which was $11 million higher than the R&D expense of $147 million for the third quarter of 2020, which reflects increases in our early stage research and development. Based on our R&D expense trends through Q3 '21 and expectations for the fourth quarter, we're lowering the range for R&D expense guidance by $10 million for the full year. Next, with respect to SG&A expense, Q3 2021 SG&A totaled $183 million, which was essentially flat compared to the third quarter of 2020. As we are launching VOXZOGO in the EMEA region and preparing for the launch in the United States, SG&A expenses in 2021 are weighted toward the fourth quarter of the year. Turning to bottom line results. We reported a GAAP net loss of $37 million in the third quarter of 2021 compared to GAAP net income of $785 million in the third quarter of 2020. Please recall that GAAP net income in the third quarter of last year included a large tax benefit totaling $835 million related to the transfer of certain intellectual property rights between BioMarin entities which drove the significant level of GAAP net income last year. Non-GAAP income of $34 million in the third quarter of 2021 was lower than non-GAAP income of $99 million in Q3 2020 primarily due to the lower revenue this quarter as a result of the previously discussed timing. We're very pleased with the company's GAAP and non-GAAP bottom line performance through the first three quarters of 2021. And based on our expectations for the fourth quarter, we have improved full year GAAP and non-GAAP bottom line guidance. We've reduced the full year 2021 GAAP net loss guidance to between $85 million and $45 million and have increased non-GAAP income guidance to between $215 million and $255 million, representing an increase of $20 million at the midpoint of the range. That substantial level of non-GAAP income helped generate a continued increase in our total cash and investment as we ended the third quarter of 2021 with $1.55 billion compared to $1.35 billion at the end of 2020. We set a goal of generating positive operating cash flow in 2021, and the business has delivered nearly $300 million of positive operating cash flow year-to-date. One brief comment is that the previously discussed timing of revenue and expenses in 2021 also impacts our cash flows, which we observe are also weighted to the first half of the year. This solid cash position, coupled with our strong operating performance through the first three quarters of 2021 is a strong foundation from which to look forward to the continued European launch of VOXZOGO, the potential U.S. launch at the end of the year and potentially ROCTAVIAN next year. And the progress of our early stage pipeline that is leveraging the same R&D organization that developed our portfolio of now seven approved products and two large market late-stage programs is an exciting next chapter in BioMarin's potential future growth story. Thank you for your support, and we will now open up the call to your questions. Operator? [Operator Instructions] And speakers, our first question from Cory Kasimov of JPMorgan. You may now ask your question. Cory William Kasimov -- JPMorgan -- Analyst Great. Thanks. Good afternoon, guys. Thanks for taking the question. So the VOXZOGO label in Europe is obviously pretty broad, covering patients as young as two years old. I'm wondering if there's any pushback from either an early access of view or physician comfort in potentially treating patients under five. And do you have expectations for the FDA label to be equally broad if approved, of course. Thank you. Jeff, do you want to answer the first part of the question, and Hank, the second part? Yes, happy to. So one, we're really happy with the broad and open label, as you described it, including for patients two years and up in Europe. And we believe that, in Europe, the endorsement of CHMP on safe and effective use for ages two years and up is a powerful statement to both payers and prescribers. It's too early for us to provide specific color in Europe, but we're not anticipating a pushback from payers or prescribers on two- to five-year-old patients. And maybe I would turn it over to Hank for the second part of the question. Yes. Cory, as you know, there's no direct connection between the FDA and the EMA, and they tend to operate independently. We're really encouraged that the EMA understood the context of the condition and were scientifically rigorous in consideration of the label. And I would encourage you to come to R&D Day, where we're going to share some of that information. Obviously, we're hopeful that the FDA will be similarly influenced. But as you know, the FDA is a little bit more conservative. And so we'll just have to sort of muscle through the next month to see where it lands. Okay, great. Thanks guys. And speakers, our next question from Phil Nadeau of Cowen & Company. You may ask your question. Phil Nadeau -- Cowen & Company -- Analyst Good afternoon. Thanks for taking m question. Another one on VOXZOGO. Perhaps one of the more controversial aspects of VOXZOGO was the language that was in the FDA acceptance letter discussing the need for 2-year placebo-controlled data. Now that you're in late-stage living negotiations. Could you give us some information or some idea of how the FDA reviewers have dealt with the advisory committees commentary around two-year placebo-controlled data and whether it's safe for us to assume that since your labeling discussions that won't be necessary for approval of VOXZOGO this time around? Yes. Thanks, Phil, for the question. We're really in the throes of it. So I can't really give you too much of the exact sausage-making of discussion. But what I would say is that we've been fairly transparent from the get-go, as you just reminded, about where the FDA was. And at the time, and I would continue to say, that the agencies -- the U.S. agency's focus is on -- or interest, I should say, is on durability. And we've provided them what amounts to a two-year placebo-controlled study. It's a little bit unorthodox in its design, but it's essentially two years' worth of data. And we supplemented that with fibers of open-label treatment data in comparison to some pretty good natural history sources of data. So we feel pretty good about the durability of the effect on linear growth. I think a related question is going to be is, in a sort of a one- or a two-year growth, does that constitute substantial evidence of a clinical benefit? Or is that a benefit that's reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit? And there, I would just say that you should be aware that in the growth field, that in the case of growth hormone administration to nongrowth hormone-deficient disorders, a lot of the language has been around final adult height. And this suggests to us that the FDA is also very concerned about final adult height. So I think their decision-making about durability is going to be related to ultimately not the two-year sort of story, but what does this say about what can be expected from final adult height. All of this, I think, will come to some form of resolution in the next few weeks. So stay tuned. Perfect. That's very helpful. Thanks again for taking our question. And our next question speakers from Chris Raymond of Piper Sandler. Christopher Joseph Raymond -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst I wonder if I could ask maybe a pipeline question on specifically 307. So, Hank, I'm wondering if you can comment on what kind -- I know you said it sounds like you've met with FDA and you don't have a sense as to when the clinical hold will be lifted. But can you comment on what additional experiments or analysis, maybe the agencies requested? And is this something that could be addressed in the near-term? Or is this maybe longer-term experiments. And maybe can you share what you did provide to the FDA when you met with them. I think you were going to meet with them this month to give -- you felt might give comfort on the -- this was an issue related only to mice. And then if I could just add maybe a quick VOXZOGO question. I'm not sure if you're willing to answer this, but patients that have started in Europe, what's the average age? Thanks. I will take the first part of your question, Chris, while Jeff plots the second part of your question. Chris, it's just meeting with the FDA, we've had correspondence with them, they're busy. It's hard to get meetings with the agency nowadays. And it was a pretty sort of tactical correspondence because what happened was we observed the finding and felt duty-bound to report it. It turned out that we were in a dose evaluation period from the second cohort of patients. We've discussed that. And so we were not enrolling patients at that moment anyway. So we were transparent with the agency about this preclinical finding as soon as we found it. And as a consequence, they've not really seen all that much yet, but what they asked for of us is relatively straightforward and can be wrapped up in a package. And they were pretty comprehensive in the kinds of things that they ask for, including how is this going to reflect an informed consent and protocol minutes and things like that. So they -- it's obvious that they've seen these sorts of things before and they have a pretty prescribed list of the types of questions and considerations. I think to put this in a bigger perspective, and it goes back to your -- I think it's your question about the FDA's Advisory Committee meeting. The thing that struck a lot of us about that was when the presentation came to insertional oncogenesis, the presentation was divided into what did we know after 2016 and what do we know from 2017 and beyond. And I think the relevance of that is that the agency subsequently approved, subsequent to 2016, they approved LUXTURNA and they approved Zolgensma, Zolgensma importantly for IV administration, and importantly, a lot of the vector goes to the liver. And in spite of the fact that insertional oncogenesis was -- or insertions were described in mice, the agency has approved a drug, Zolgensma, and in fact, over 3,000 patients have been treated with gene therapy in clinical trials, 1,400 patients have been treated with Zolgensma. And so the agency -- I think what that says is the agency is, on the one hand, aware of the preclinical experiments, but on the other hand, is thinking about that as a sort of not as a risk benefit issue because there's not -- a risk has not appeared yet, but it's a risk information for patients kind of an issue. In that discussion, I don't think that there was any real breakthrough in terms of what additional information to be providing. I think rather there was maybe a little more of a challenge in the scientific community to aspire to understand what's going on in mice. And to ask the question is there any vulnerability for that to go on in humans given that we haven't seen insertional oncogenesis in humans to date. We fully expect to see insertion of the --, but whether that's within cancers, that is a speculation at this point. So I think the field has been dealing with this issue for quite a while. I do think that there are more experiments to do. And that won't directly answer the question of how does this translate to humans in terms of predicting a risk of oncogenicity in humans. But rather, I would see more delineating technical details about how these experiments should be done and interpreted and give us comfort. And to that point, I just want to highlight one specific aspect of findings. And you're probably all aware of a study in dogs that found clonal abundance of a specific set of mutations. And they postulated that there is a cause and effect relationship between the fact that a lot of cells had the indicated insertion, and that there's this insertion and a lot of cells had this indicated insertion. However, the thing I think to keep in mind, and we see this in our 307 study, is not every cell in the sample has that characteristic. And so it raises the question of whether these findings are, in fact, causal in mice or passengers in mice. And I think that we have a better idea about the answer to that question. We're not even going to get on first base in terms of understanding the relevance to humans. So we are in the front row of all of this because we have a lot going on in gene therapy, and our scientists are awesome at teasing. And we look forward to providing the agency could get us restarted on the 307 trial shortly. And now, let me pass it to Jeff to see if Jeff can handle your question about VOXZOGO. Thanks, Hank. I'm still digesting all that you had to say. But with respect to VOXZOGO, and Chris, with the implementation of GDPR privacy regulations in the EU, we don't have the same very specific data about our individual patients that we might historically have had. So I'm kind of rounding around to your question. As we get some data about product usage by vial strength, we'll be able to make estimates of the size and thus the age of the mix of patients that we've got on treatment. We don't have enough data yet to work through that. What I might say is the early patient -- earliest patients treated are coming from France under an ATU early access program there. That ATU was approved separately or in parallel with the EMA negotiations that led to the label of two years and up. So interesting enough, the ATU label indication is for patients five years and up. And so, in France, the early experience is with patients in the range of, let's say, five to nine or 10 years old. And we'll keep you posted with that kind of color going forward as we get more data to evaluate. Thanks, guys. And Speakers, our next question from Salveen Richter of Goldman Sachs. You may ask your question. Salveen Jaswal Richter -- Goldman Sachs Group -- Analyst Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question. On VOXZOGO, again, you talked about the strong demand. Can you just give us some color there how we should think about not just France, but Germany and the select early access countries in 4Q? And how the launch so far has exceeded expectations? Hi, Salveen. Thanks for the question. It's really a pleasure to answer this one. And some of the color that I would add here, it's specifically from France and Germany, I would characterize as this. In previous launches, we've had patients come in generally one patient at a time, one patient from clinic A, one patient from clinic B, a little while later, another patient from clinic C, maybe sometime later, a second patient from clinic A. What we're seeing this time around is we're still seeing some prescriptions emerge from individual clinics with a patient, N-of-one, but we're also seeing Ns-of-four, Ns-of-five, coming straight through at once. And we've never really experienced that, and that gives us -- that drives our comment about the strength of prescription demand in part, so those patients coming through in clusters. In addition, there's been a lot of prescription demand that has emerged from named patient sales markets. I mentioned that we have sales to Switzerland, which, by the way, is not an EMA market. So Switzerland is not covered by an EMA approval, and it is thus a named patient outside of registration market. We've seen initial prescription demand from markets in the Middle East, as J.J. mentioned, and also in Latin America. And we've seen Ns larger than one in that experience. So the combination of quick named patient sales, prescription demand from markets and the clusters of groups of patients, not one or two, that's really driving our comment about prescription demand. However, Salveen, the -- I mean, obviously, the dollar sales in Q4 are going to be relatively limited compared to the demand that's needed out there because the patients treated would only have been treated for like one or two months. So -- but this is really -- it bodes well for 2022 and the significant growth in revenues in 2022. There is definitely a lot of interest. An interesting anecdote is that we got a notice from the Russian Federation government that we got on the -- the federal reimbursement for VOXZOGO in Russia when we have not even filed. It's kind of an interesting anecdote. Okay. Next question? And speakers, our next question from Akash Tewari of Jeffries. You may now ask your question. Akash Tewari -- Jefferies -- Analyst Hey. Thanks so much. So one on vosoritide, can you talk a bit about the use of sentinels for vosoritide in the 206 study. How are they being used to kind of adjust the dosing for the younger patients? And what have you seen from a safety perspective so far in that population? And this one is a bit more high level. The stock has been range bound for the last few years despite the fact that you guys are approaching your largest, most important commercial launches, is there a point in time where you would more seriously explore strategic venues to unlock value, particularly if either ROCTAVIAN or vosoritide don't get FDA approval as planned? Thanks so much. Hi, Akash. I'll start with the first part of your question. The study was put in the field before the Phase III trial read out. So the comprehensive evidence on safety and efficacy in older children wasn't available at the time of the study. So in consultation with health authorities, the study was designed to enroll patients in three cohorts, ages two to five, or let's say, there was two to five -- or three cohorts by age, I think, off the top of my head. I'm having a brain melt in terms of ages, six to two months and 0 to six months. And the underlying reason for that was that there are hypotheses about differences in the dose exposure and exposure response relationships. And so the concept was to enroll sentinels to evaluate PK/PD and safety response to that 15-microgram per-kilo dose that we've been using in older children before then opening the rest of that cohort up to randomization, to active medication or placebo. And in the two- to five-year-old cohort, we found that the 15-microgram dose was an appropriate -- a dose that gave an appropriate exposure and an appropriate PD response. And we'll actually review those data in our R&D Day because that was the information that informed the European health authorities to move forward with the application. We only have a limited amount of efficacy data in those small number of patients because there was no contemporaneous control. And I think that what that tells us is that the two- to five-year-olds can be safely dosed with the same dose as children who are older than five. Now turning for the children who are under 2, we did find a dose exposure relationship such that we had to increase the dose. And off the top of my head, I think that we had to do that also for the infants that were enrolled in the study, from 0 to six months of age. And I think what that means is, is that we're actually benefited by having relatively a short-acting drug in the sense that short-acting drugs are easier to adjust and accommodate those with an exposure on the basis of response than very long-acting drugs, especially since -- although we did the trial from five to two to six months, humans age in the other normal direction, from six months to two years to five years. And so it's going to be important to have all this dose exposure safety information. From a safety perspective, with the relatively now well-described safety profile of VOXZOGO, we haven't really seen much additionally in terms of significant clinical adverse responses. And so I feel like we're in pretty good shape, understanding the relationship of dose and therapeutic and safety response, and you'll get a dose of -- you'll get your own dose of that in just under a month, or just over a month, I should say. Let me pause there. So I think you had a second part of your question. Akash that was totally different. It looks like you forgot about it. No, I mean, obviously, I mean, I think there was a recent survey. I don't know if it was you or another analyst, that like in the past few weeks, this last week or so, that 60% of investors apparently don't believe that VOXZOGO will be approved in the U.S. So I think that's good news, that if it's approved, that it should result in a significant move in the stock. And that event is only about three weeks away, so let's have that conversation again after the PDUFA date on VOXZOGO and then also potentially the European -- CHMP European in Q2 of next year. Our next question is from Gena Wang from Barclays. You may ask your question. Huidong Wang -- Barclays Bank -- Analyst Thank you for taking my questions. So the first is regarding Roctavian. Just wondering what is the latest FDA interaction regarding Roctavian filing, specifically on durability. And then related question is for the type of animal data or preclinical data that FDA is asking for the PKU program, do you expect FDA also will ask for similar type of data for ROCTAVIAN. Well, it's a little bit complicated, but let's see if I can cut to the chase of it. The -- in terms of FDA interaction, there really is no news there in terms of resetting or differing expectations. We said at the time of the CRL, they want two years' worth of data. And by gum and by golly, in spite of our trying really hard, they want two years' worth of data. We've had some lower-level communications and correspondence about things like statistical analyses, which reveal really nothing new other than that they want the two-year data. So we are interacting with the division. And the review division is very collegial and very much to the process of discussion. And based on what we've seen so far, we believe and we've had experts in to tell us what they think the FDA might not be telling us but might be conveying. And the experts have advised that this reads like a situation in which they ask for the two -year data, and they're going to make their decision on the basis of the two -year data. And that's good for us and for patients because we're optimistic that hemostatic efficacy will be maintained out through two years. So it was demonstrated in the first 17 patients that were treated in the Phase III clinical trials and have been followed for an additional second year, as we reported earlier this year. So we're confident that the remaining 100 or so patients will be adequately controlled from Factor VIII expression through the second year. The issue of durability in PKU is a little bit more difficult for the simple reason that in Factor VIII expression, you measure the actual transgene product itself, whereas within -- with PKU, you measure indirectly the gene therapy product. And we will want to see what the pattern of the control looks like before committing to a specific answer to that question. But based on preclinical data, where we have seen maintenance of gene expression, we believe that there's a stronger argument to be made around PKU and durability and one year supporting that than there was for ROCTAVIAN. Just recall, for ROCTAVIAN, because of the nature of the immune response in nonhuman primates, people don't typically do long-term studies. And when we surfaced the long-term studies that we did do and others have done, and not a lot of them, you can see the effect of the immune response in the lower species to the human protein. In PKU, we've been able to demonstrate sustained durability in preclinical species. So we hope that argument prevails upon the agency, but that discussion is yet to be had in sufficient detail with actual data from patients to inform. The good news of all of this is that unlike with ROCTAVIAN, where we change the material from Phase I to Phase III and we made a tweak to the trial in the steroid regimen, none of those things are happening in the 307 trial. So these earliest patients will provide relevant information for long-term exposure. Sorry, Hank, I wasn't clear. I was referring, for the PKU program, was more the safety data that FDA was asking, for additional preclinical data or anymore -- like whatever data the FDA is asking. Do you expect they also will ask a similar type of data set to support safety for the ROCTAVIAN program? So far, they have not been requiring preclinical carcinogenicity studies. I mean if you look at the Zolgensma label, there are no oncogenicity studies either in the -- prior to submission studies or post-approval studies. So don't expect additional studies to be required from a safety perspective prior to submissions and approvals. But again, those are discussions to be had as well. And our next question is from the line of Paul Matteis of Stifel. You may ask your question. Paul Andrew Matteis -- Stifel -- Analyst Okay. Thanks for taking the questions. Hank, if I heard you correctly, when you talked about the issue of the two-year placebo-controlled study earlier, it sounded as though you feel like at this point in the review, this is a matter of either full approval or potentially accelerated approval. I guess, did I understand that right? And if it is ultimately deemed that this is an accelerated approval, how do you think benefit would be confirmed? Do you think you'd need to do a two-year placebo-controlled study as a post-marketing requirement? Thanks so much. Well, the approval pathway is specifically the agency's decision, specifically is a tail end of the consideration decision. So I don't want to read too much into anything other than, just what I was characterizing with the landscape issue, was that in the landscape of growth-promoting products, from an FDA perspective, final adult height is more of a question than interval growth velocities have been a question. If it were to come to pass that a confirmatory study would be required, we would hope that longer-term follow-up of the patients that we have studied already could constitute the nexus or the main, as I should say, the main group for evaluation. We have provided the agency -- as you know, we had, I think, five-plus years of treatment data on the first patients treated in open-label. Several of them are close to final adult height. And the agency seems interested in those patterns, but for patients, there's not a lot of patients for them. So we're hopeful that whether it's a post-approval commitment, to a conditional, to an accelerated approval, or whether it's a post-marketing requirement for even a full approval, that final adult height characterizations will come in when they come in and will be powerful to document the accumulated benefit of VOXZOGO. So on some level, Paul, we're indifferent because we can have them anyway. Got it. Thanks a lot. And speakers, our next question from the line of Geoff Meacham of Bank of America. You may ask your question. Geoffrey Christopher Meacham -- BofA Securities -- Analyst Hey, guys. Thanks for the question. I just had a couple of the main one. You guys have talked in the past about PKU clinics still not fully reopened just on the commercial business. Just wanted to maybe get an update on that? Have you started to see a recovery in PALYNZIQ new starts that would be kind of helpful and maybe how you think that's going to play out in 2022. And then bigger picture for J.J., I mean, on the BD side of things, how are you thinking about new opportunities in light of what could potentially be a little bit more scrutiny on AAV technology. Is it is there something that you're looking for in terms of asset diversity by indication or technology diversity? Or how are you thinking about that going forward? Thank you. Jeff, you want to go over the PKU clinic and the Palynziq new start question? Sure. I would be happy to. So as I noted in our remarks, both this quarter and the previous quarter, what we're seeing is, in Europe, but more importantly, in the U.S., PKU clinics are continuing to operate at less than full capacity. Of course, in the U.S., there's 125 PKU clinics. So there's some variability across there, but there's a lot of clinics that are operating virtually, not live. There are staffing issues in PKU clinics as certain supporting staff, in particular, have been reassigned during the pandemic. And frankly, for the genetics clinics, while PKU usually is the largest group of patients that they're treating, there are acute needs for patients in those genetics clinics. And we've seen those acute needs for really terrible conditions for children, our first in line for priority for their capacity. Having said that, we are getting new patient referrals on a steady basis. I would say, steady through the pandemic, and we're drawing the conclusion that if we've been optimistic about PKU clinics getting back to their previous pre-pandemic capacity, it hasn't happened, and we've been working on other tactical solutions that facilitate PKU patients to continue access to therapy and for new patients to start. And I think what we're trying to do is reset a little bit of expectations here that while we were optimistic at the beginning of the year, we're less optimistic about that capacity for the balance of the year now, but we're continuing to see overall growth. And then I might just comment as kind of a read-through to what do we think about that for VOXZOGO. In fact, other healthcare providers that we call on, such as pediatric orthopedists and pediatric endocrinologists, both of which are really relevant to VOXZOGO, for the most part, and with restrictions and protocols in place, those specialties are -- they're back in business. So the kind of capacity constraints we're seeing in the PKU clinics, I would say, don't let that read through to your expectations about VOXZOGO. And J.J., maybe you can... So -- sorry, regarding your BD question. So I mean, that's a good question. I just want to -- a few comments. As you know, we have several, what we call, modalities within BioMarin. We started as a company mainly based on protein therapeutics. Kuvan, being a small molecule, was an exception. So -- and if you look at our pipeline today, we have additional protein therapeutics. We have small molecules. We are moving into oligo or we are about to get back in the clinic with a second-generation oligonucleotide, and we have some options there beyond DMD. And so we are always going to go beyond one modality. So I would say, gene therapy is very important for us and will continue to be in the future. But we have no intent on being a pure gene therapy company. And if you will see at R&D Day, when we're going to disclose some new programs and talk about all the programs we have in development, besides ROCTAVIAN and PKU gene therapy and -- therapy, which is about to start, the only new program in terms of gene therapy is potentially in the preclinical right now, but will be in the clinic in about 1.5 years, two years, is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. So -- but we have many, many other programs that are not gene therapy programs. So -- and that will continue to be the case. At the same time, we are not -- we are far from giving up on gene therapy. And I guess, we're not the only company doing so. We still believe it's got major potential. And I mean, this kind of reminds me, I don't know, I am losing track of time, maybe 20, 25 or 30 years ago, when some of the first patients treated with monoclonal antibodies died. And I would say, somewhat based on that, I would say, that's the end of monoclonal antibodies, we shouldn't go forward with this. That would have been a huge mistake, considering that, I don't know, the aggregate sales of monoclonal antibodies today is over $100 billion a year. So here we are at the beginning of the adventure with gene therapy. We're learning a lot. I think we -- as Hank was illustrating, we continue to learn a lot. We believe we are ahead of most other gene therapy companies in this respect, in our understanding of what happens in the cells after the gene insertion and what leads to expression durability, inflammatory response or immune response. So we believe we can design better and better gene constructs. We're also going to look at retreatment. You'll hear about it a little bit at R&D Day. We're going to look at nonviral gene therapy opportunities. So this is basically the framework of what drives our internal research and what drives the kind of stuff we're looking at outside in terms of BD. I hope that answers your question. And maybe Hank can give his perspective here too, in the middle of this. Well, I think -- I just think that the genetic and genomic revolution is unearthing so many opportunities, and it just really creates a target-rich environment. I mean I'm always stunned. We have this Behind the Seizure program for screening children who have essentially unexplained epilepsy. And so we find CLN2 patients who are indicated for Brineura treatment. But we also find increasingly numbers of mutations that then get associated with pedigrees because we're starting -- because Invitae is starting to accumulate large-enough family trees, that they can start to identify things that have genetic etiologies, where it used to be like, well, this sort of runs in families, but now there's actually concrete evidence and it's actually concretely linked to specific genes with specific annotation of medical history. So it's really an amazing time to be where we are and to be able to leverage the diverse technology base that we've invested in. We can do small molecules, proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, complex nucleic acid mixtures. So it's really a nice coming together of the fundamental thing about BioMarin in terms of our orientation of research and science and the therapeutic opportunities that are presenting itself. So that also is a way of saying that we've been successful in academic and early partnerships, and for the time being, I think that that's where we are. So one more comment then -- sorry, one more comment indirectly related to this. As you know, and I'm not going to disclose any data here, but we -- but R&D Day, we're going to give you our first update on the clinical trial going on with VOXZOGO or vosoritide in indications beyond achondroplasia, which could open up a major additional opportunity for VOXZOGO. So I would only recommend you attend that part of the R&D Day presentations. And our next question from Kennen MacKay from RBC Capital Markets. You may ask your question. Kennen B. MacKay -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst Squeezing me in. Hank, maybe going back to some of the prior questions with concern that the safety concerns on BMN 307 might read through to Roctavian. Maybe can you address the levels of adenoviral adeno-associated viral integration that's seen in the vector used in Roctavian versus that of what we see in BMN-307? Thank you. It's not really facile to do head-to-head kinds of things. But in general, the levels of integration that can be found across species are relatively low. And so I don't think that there's really a meaningful likelihood that ROCTAVIAN is necessarily any more or any less integrating than anything else. You know that the agency in their 2020 -- early 2020 guidance on gene therapy referred to AAVs as vectors that have a low propensity to integration unless they are designed otherwise to integrate. And quite to the contrary, we designed our -- we did not add any in design to integrate. Matter of fact, we moved things that could be suspected of facilitating integration. So we've been fairly deliberate to stay on the low propensity integration side and believe that that's likely to be true for all our vectors. And as you know, we've done longer-term studies for both the HAE vector already and for a vector that is otherwise identical to ROCTAVIAN other than its coding sequence. So we feel pretty good about the lack of read-through from one vector to another. In fact, we feel pretty good about the lack of read-through from mice to other species. Yeah. Thank you. And speakers, there are no further questions at this time. You may now continue JJ Bienaime for the closing comments. Yes. So thank you again for joining us today. So we are -- I hope we convinced you we are poised for significant growth next year, as I just described. That's based on our foundational base business on the VOXZOGO launch in the EMEA region and anticipated in the U.S. next month, also the ROCTAVIAN gene therapy potential -- potentially layered on top of that in mid- to late 2022 as well as deep early stage pipeline that we look forward to sharing with you in -- on November 30 during our virtual R&D Day. So we are focused on continuing this strong momentum as we achieve our next important catalysts, including the potential approval of VOXZOGO in the U.S. by the end of next month. So thank you for your attention today, and we look forward to speaking with you again soon. 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Is it possible that the US and other major global economies might not return to full employment and strong growth without the help of unconventional policy support? I raised that notion – the old idea of "secular stagnation" – recently in a talk hosted by the International Monetary Fund. My concern rests on a number of considerations. First, even though financial repair had largely taken place four years ago, recovery has only kept up with population growth and normal productivity growth in the US, and has been worse elsewhere in the industrial world. Second, manifestly unsustainable bubbles and loosening of credit standards during the middle of the past decade, along with very easy money, were sufficient to drive only moderate economic growth. Third, short-term interest rates are severely constrained by the zero lower bound: real rates may not be able to fall far enough to spur enough investment to lead to full employment. Fourth, in such situations falling wages and prices or lower-than-expected are likely to worsen performance by encouraging consumers and investors to delay spending, and to redistribute income and wealth from high-spending debtors to low-spending creditors. The implication of these thoughts is that the presumption that normal economic and policy conditions will return at some point cannot be maintained. Look at Japan, where gross domestic product today is less than two-thirds of what most observers predicted a generation ago, even though interest rates have been at zero for many years. It is worth emphasising that Japanese GDP disappointed less in the five years after the bubbles burst at the end of the 1980s than the US has since 2008. In America today, GDP is more than 10 per cent below what was predicted before the financial crisis. If secular stagnation concerns are relevant to our current economic situation, there are obviously profound policy implications (and I will address them in a subsequent column). But before turning to policy, there are two central issues regarding the secular stagnation thesis that have to be addressed. First, is not a growth acceleration in the works in the US and beyond? There are certainly grounds for optimism: note recent statistics, the strong stock markets and the end at last of sharp fiscal contraction. One should also recall that fears of secular stagnation were common at the end of the second world war and were proved wrong. Today, secular stagnation should be viewed as a contingency to be insured against – not a fate to which we ought to be resigned. Yet, it should be recalled that the achievement of escape velocity has been around the corner in consensus forecasts for several years and we have seen several false dawns – just as Japan did in the 1990s. More fundamentally, even if the economy accelerates next year, this provides no assurance that it is capable of sustained growth at normal real interest rates. Europe and Japan are forecast to have grown at levels well below the US. Across the industrial world, inflation is below target levels and shows no signs of picking up – suggesting a chronic demand shortfall. Second, why should the economy not return to normal after the effects of the financial crisis are worked off? Is there a basis for believing that equilibrium real interest rates have declined? There are many a priori reasons why the level of spending at any given set of interest rates is likely to have declined. Investment demand may have been reduced due to slower growth of the labour force and perhaps slower productivity growth. Consumption may be lower due to a sharp increase in the share of income held by the very wealthy and the rising share of income accruing to capital. Risk aversion has risen as a consequence of the crisis and as saving – by both states and consumers – has risen. The crisis increased the costs of financial intermediation and left major debt overhangs. Declines in the cost of durable goods, especially those associated with information technology, mean that the same level of saving purchases more capital every year. Lower inflation means any interest rate translates into a higher after-tax rate than it did when inflation rates were higher; logic is supported by evidence. For many years now indexed bond yields have been on a downward trend. Indeed, US real rates are substantially negative at a five year horizon. Some have suggested that a belief in secular stagnation implies the desirability of bubbles to support demand. This idea confuses prediction with recommendation. It is, of course, better to support demand by supporting productive investment or highly valued consumption than by artificially inflating bubbles. On the other hand, it is only rational to recognise that low interest rates raise asset values and drive investors to take greater risks, making bubbles more likely. 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RachelG, Author at How Do You Do It? Our garden has been in the ground for more than a month now, which gives me some fodder for a follow-up and more pretty pictures. Some of my original plants haven't thrived as well as I've hoped, so we've made a few updates and generally expanded. As I've been working in the dirt and using trial and error to make progress, I've had some time to think of more tips that I might want to pass along to others who might like to try gardening with their toddlers or preschoolers. So here are a few. Start small. My recent gardening has been largely limited to a flowerbed that has existed since before we even bought our house seven years ago. It had become overgrown the past several years, so I've been slowly digging the saplings and weeds out of the bed and expanding my planting space. The goal is not to grow so quickly that I can't maintain what I've done. And allowing my garden to expand as I clear the space gives me some motivation to keep up with the less interesting part of gardening. Give your kids a job. Last weekend, we went to the nursery and I assigned my kids to choose four plants each from the annuals table. It allowed them an opportunity to practice their counting and color-identifying skills, and they got to make choices about what we'd add to our garden. Then at home, they each had a trowel, and I had them dig holes for our new plants. Full disclosure: they lost interest long before everything was planted, but that gave me an opportunity to fix plant spacing and group things in ways that I found aesthetically appealing. Leave room for walking through your garden. Kids never use stepping stones. Ever. So leave them some room to step between plants. And as corollary: Don't worry too much if things get squished. Most plants will bounce back. Use what you have on hand. I've got several animal-shaped planters and pieces of yard art. It made a lot of sense to bring them all over to the kids' garden, where they could add a bit of whimsy. It's a good idea to consider a plan for your garden before you break ground. First, it might be helpful to choose a theme that appeals to you and your kids. You could choose edible plants, like herbs and veggies, to encourage your kids to try new flavors and eat more plant-based foods. You could decide on a garden full of plants that attract beautiful butterflies or hummingbirds. You could choose all the purple plants you can lay your hands on. In our case, the garden we've been working on is inspired by the sense of touch – plants with interesting textures, herbs that emit lovely smells when the leaves are rubbed, and generally anything that allows kids to get hands-on with the garden. You'll also need to think about the conditions of the area in which you're planting. We're working in an existing bed which happens to be located in a shady part of my yard. I've done some research to determine which plants with interesting textures would grow well in that environment in my region, and when I went shopping, I took a list with me. Herbs are great for a touch garden, but most herbs require lots of sun, so I had to adjust my list accordingly. Lamb's ear (Stachys byzantia) is a great choice, and one that I have experience growing. It has thick, velvety leaves and spreads into an attractive ground cover. It even has a pretty purple bloom! I also chose Mexican feather grass (Stipa tenuissima), which blooms feather-soft in the fall, globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa), which has a bright papery bloom, and a few mint plants, which give off a lovely smell and flavor when touched. (Note: mint is inclined to go wild under favorable conditions. I planted mine in a pot which I submerged in the ground to reduce those tendencies.) Leave a little room open in the budget for getting new ideas once you get to the nursery, and consider a few inexpensive annuals to fill out your garden with colorful blooms. Your kids can help you pick out some plants that they find interesting, as well – however, you'll want to be mindful not to buy anything overly toxic. This is often noted on the plant's information tag. Plants grow best in soil that has organic matter mixed in. The easiest way to achieve this is to dig your bed and mix the dirt with compost. Your children can help by using a scoop or a pot to pour compost onto the dirt as you turn it, or by using a trowel or small shovel to turn one corner of the bed. Once your dirt is prepared, you and your kids can dig holes for the new plants, pre-watering the holes, spreading the roots a bit as you pull them out of the pot, and depositing them in their new homes. Watering in the plants is also, not surprisingly, a very popular pastime in my garden. Fairies throw parties in our little garden every night after bedtime. If you have some space and are interested in adding a visual element to your garden, you might consider adding a fairy garden. I found a local nursery that sells inexpensive fairy furniture, but you and your kids can make your own fairy decorations, as well. Consider painting a rock or a pinecone and leaving it as art for your garden's faeries to enjoy! Place a marble in the ground as a gazing ball. If you have older kids, they might enjoy building and painting small wooden structures (like you might find at a craft store), or even making their own with twigs and bark. You're limited only by your imagination! Keep your plan a little flexible. Let your kids have as much control as is feasible over the placement of items in your new garden, even if it doesn't match your mental image. With my three year olds, their attention span runs low before the work runs out, so I can do a little bit of editing to their work, but this is a shared space for us, and I want the final product to reflect that. Ultimately, if you're gardening with kids, the final garden is secondary to the process of creating it. Quality time with my son. Before I had kids, it was hard for me to understand how or why parents would play favorites with their kids. My relationship with my future hypothetical kids was going to be one of mutual respect and lots of unconditional love. It's worth noting, perhaps, that my future hypothetical kids were good-natured, agreeable, and their thought processes aligned with mine remarkably well. When my actual babies were born, I was dismayed to find out that they weren't altogether agreeable, and that, especially with two babies, bonding wasn't an immediate, natural thing. This is part of twin parenting that I don't see mentioned often; I don't think it's unique to my experience. Parents of one baby have time to really get to know that baby, feel comfortable to varying extents with spending time alone with that baby, and are, I think, able to bond more quickly with that single baby thanks to that individual focus. With twins, I found myself constantly having to give each baby just enough so that I could meet the needs of both. It was harder for us to spend the quality time it took get to know one another and build our relationships with one another. Early on, I felt a very strong bond with my daughter, spunky and independent and favoring her mama in the looks department, but I had to work on my bond with my son. I had always envisioned having a daughter someday, and I felt like I knew what to do with girls. I wasn't entirely sure what to do with a boy. My son was needier in the early days; he really wanted to spend all his time with me, snuggled up to me or nursing, while my daughter was willing to be held and fed by someone else, and to an extent, I resented the time that I couldn't spend with my smiling, inquisitive daughter while I soothed my fussy, needy son. I worried a lot that my daughter would feel less loved or wouldn't bond as well with me because I spent more time with her brother. Likewise, I worried that my son wouldn't socialize as well because he was bonding only to his mama. I worried for his relationship with his father, that they'd never really become attached, that the way we were dividing most baby duties, assigning one parent to one baby, wasn't normal. Obviously, I'm a worrier – and post-partum hormones certainly accentuated that trait. Over time, I reconciled myself to the idea that the time I was spending with my son was time that he really needed, and that the idea of "equal time" was something that would have to work itself out in the long run. And all that time spent one-on-one with my son really did help me to bond with him over the first few months. My needy newborn son turned into a generally laid-back, chill little guy who loves his mama fiercely, and I feel a lot more secure in my role as his parent as we navigate the waters of toddlerhood. My daughter wound up being the baby who struggled more when they started daycare. I was surprised by that at the time; she was so much more social in home settings. But ultimately, she's an intense little thing who requires more time to adapt to new situations than my breezy little boy does. She builds stronger relationships with people, but it takes her longer to do it. And thanks to several mama-centric phases in her later infancy and toddlerhood, I'm fairly sure that the "time spent" scale is much more balanced between the two these days. Over time, I've come to find that bonding with my babies is a lot like falling in love. It doesn't always happen at first sight – though it can happen that way. Sometimes chemistry kicks in quickly, but sometimes, love starts with a friendship and blooms over time. I'm still surprised every day at how different our relationships are, and at how they change constantly. Siblings Without Rivalry is by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish, authors of How to Talk so Kids Will Listen and Listen so Kids Will Talk. If you missed my review of How to Talk… you can check it out here to get a sense of the prevailing philosophy behind these books. In a nutshell, Faber and Mazlish promote empathetic communication between parents and children and collaborative solutions to conflict. While Siblings Without Rivalry is NOT a book centered upon the unique challenges of raising multiples, its sibling-centric focus does make it very applicable to most parents of twins. The authors wrote it as a follow-up to How to Talk so Kids Will Listen and Listen so Kids Will Talk because they felt they had not had sufficient space to fully explore sibling conflict in the first book. The most important prevailing theme throughout Siblings Without Rivalry is that parents should acknowledge and respect children's feelings, particularly toward their siblings, without minimizing or sugar-coating them. If a child says, "I hate Owen! He always ruins my stuff," then rather than saying, "Be nice to your brother," a parent might say, "You really seem angry at your brother! You wish he'd take better care of your things." Allowing both children to express anger and validating their feelings can help them to work through the conflict on their own, increasing both their autonomy and their sense of belonging within their family. Rather than treating children equally, strive to treat them uniquely, according to their needs. Instead of focusing on doling out identical servings of food, ask, "Do you want a little bit of _________ or a lot?" Instead of saying, "I love you both the same," say, "I love you because you're you! No one could ever take your place." Give time according to need, as well. "I'm spending a lot of time helping your brother with his project right now. It's important to him. As soon as I'm finished, I want to hear what's important to you." And then tune in and engage with the other child. This idea really resonated strongly with me. I remember being aware that one of my children really "needed" me more when they were small babies, while the other was more independent and able to accept help from others. I felt guilty about that at the time, feeling that I had somehow neglected the more independent child or affected our bonding. Now, with the space of time, I'm aware of how my relationships with my children have evolved, and I worry less about how much time I've spent with each and more about the quality of the time I've spent with each. Set expectations about boundaries of conflict. If kids hit or use name calling, say something like: "You sound mad, but I expect you to talk to your brother without hitting or calling him names." And then provide some alternative strategies. "Rather than hitting, draw me a picture of how you feel." "Rather than hitting your brother, go hit this pillow." But note that insisting upon good feelings between children can lead to bad feelings or lingering resentment. Allowing bad feelings between children can help them to work through those feelings and have a more positive relationship in the long run. As with How to Talk so Kids Will Listen and Listen so Kids Will Talk, a few ideas in the book made me think, "Well, that sounds nice, but what do you do when THAT doesn't work?" In general, though, I found Faber and Mazlish's philosophies on how to treat and talk to siblings to be intuitive and thought-provoking. I was even able to (tactfully) suggest alternative ways to think about and talk to my twins to other family members. All in all, I found it to be a very interesting and helpful read, but as with any parenting book, one should approach it willing to apply what makes sense and ignore what doesn't. In the United States, 1 in 9 babies is born prematurely, 1 in 10 in Canada. Worldwide, over 15 million babies are born too soon each year. While not all multiples are born prematurely, a multiple birth increases the probability of an early delivery. Babies born prematurely, before 37 weeks gestation, are at a higher risk for health complications in infancy, some of which can have long-term effects. In honor of November's Prematurity Awareness Month, led by the March of Dimes, How Do You Do It? is focusing this week's posts on The Moms' experiences with premature deliveries, NICU stays, health complications, and how we've dealt with these complex issues. When we found out that I was carrying twins, my husband and I were both thrilled and terrified. I imagine this is a common response among expectant parents of multiples. On one hand, I was excited to be able to complete our family in one fell swoop, but on the other hand, I was keenly aware of the potential complications of a multiple pregnancy. In my own circle of friends, I know one mom who lost her twins prior to viability and I'm good friends with Sadia, whose girls arrived at 33 weeks and had to spend some time in the NICU. Meanwhile, I wasn't aware of many moms of twins who had managed to carry their babies to term. Between having suffered a prior pregnancy loss and the stress I felt over the possibility of serious pregnancy complications, I dealt with a lot of anxiety throughout my pregnancy, but especially in the early months. My worry led me to do a lot of research on twin pregnancy and to seek out supplemental care in addition to my normal prenatal care. It is important to note that while my outcome was a healthy pregnancy and two full-term babies, the supplemental care I received did not directly lead to those great results. I happen to have been one of the fortunate ones whose bodies handle a twin pregnancy relatively well. There was nothing I could do to guarantee a healthy pregnancy for myself and for my babies. My goal in seeking out more care was to try to detect and adjust for any major complications as soon as possible. As it turned out, my complications were all pretty minor, but some of the supplemental care I pursued could come in handy to other moms of multiples. I faced a conundrum when I was choosing an OB practice to visit during my pregnancy. On one hand, I wanted the best care for multiples that I could get. On the other hand, I was committed to giving birth to my twins in a well-equipped medical setting but with as few interventions as possible. To that end, I chose a practice that prides itself on a low rate of caesarian sections, but that has plenty of experience with twin births, as well. The standard of care is for each patient to visit with all the health care providers in the practice over the course of her pregnancy, and while my twins would ultimately be delivered by a doctor, much of my care early in the pregnancy was handled by certified nurse midwives. I was generally confident in the care I was receiving from my midwives, but it was important for my elevated anxiety levels to have medical twin experts keeping a closer eye on my pregnancy, as well. To that end, I did a great deal of research on twin pregnancies and discovered that the Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, TX, has a dedicated Program for Multiples. For the cost of an insurance copay and a tank of gas, I was able to receive a personalized assessment including a comprehensive ultrasound, genetic counseling, and, most important to me, individualized nutritional advice. As it turns out, my assessment indicated a clean bill of health for my fraternal twins and me at around 13 weeks of pregnancy. Had I been carrying identical twins showing signs of Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, the ultrasound could have detected it early, and I would have been referred for further treatment and, hopefully, a successful outcome. My pregnancy was otherwise fairly unremarkable until my blood pressure began to creep higher around 26 or 28 weeks. At that time, I was referred to a MFM doctor in town, who provided more supplemental sonogram to monitor the growth and development of my babies. Each ultrasound indicated that growth was steady and my babies were stable, but by 32 weeks, it became increasingly clear that they were locked in a breech position and didn't have much room to rotate head-down. Knowing that my chances of getting them to turn were small, and that my doctor could not deliver them vaginally if they were breech, I had time to mentally prepare myself for the possibility that I would need a c-section after all. At 36 weeks 6 days, an ultrasound indicated that growth had stalled, and my MFM and OB conferred and decided that my twins would be delivered the next day. My c-section was scheduled, and I was left with about 18 hours to wrap up my preparations and finish up the work I had planned to do before going on leave. The next day, my twins arrived, weighing 6 lbs 15 oz and 7 lbs 1 oz. They required no time in the NICU. James and Rebekah, 6 days old. Ultimately, beyond listening to our doctors' advice and taking care of our bodies during a twin pregnancy, we can do very little to control the outcome. According to the March of Dimes, 60% of twins are born prematurely. I was one of the fortunate 40% who managed to carry my pregnancy to term. But I feel it's important to share my story during Prematurity Awareness Week to let those expecting twins know that a successful pregnancy is possible, and that seeking out supplemental care early on could help you identify warning signs for complications and improve your chances of a healthy pregnancy.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	4,884	[ 128000, 84978, 38, 11, 7030, 520, 2650, 3234, 1472, 3234, 1102, 5380, 8140, 13863, 706, 1027, 304, 279, 5015, 369, 810, 1109, 264, 2305, 1457, 11, 902, 6835, 757, 1063, 98895, 369, 264, 1833, 5352, 323, 810, 5128, 9364, 13, 4427, 315, 856, 4113, 11012, 9167, 956, 8983, 2270, 439, 1664, 439, 358, 3077, 26253, 11, 779, 584, 3077, 1903, 264, 2478, 9013, 323, 8965, 17626, 13, 1666, 358, 3077, 1027, 3318, 304, 279, 26351, 323, 1701, 9269, 323, 1493, 311, 1304, 5208, 11, 358, 3077, 1047, 1063, 892, 311, 1781, 315, 810, 10631, 430, 358, 2643, 1390, 311, 1522, 3235, 311, 3885, 889, 2643, 1093, 311, 1456, 60299, 449, 872, 79935, 477, 61905, 388, 13, 2100, 1618, 527, 264, 2478, 627, 3563, 2678, 13, 3092, 3293, 60299 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 84978, 38, 11, 7030, 520, 2650, 3234, 1472, 3234, 1102, 5380, 8140, 13863, 706, 1027, 304, 279, 5015, 369, 810, 1109, 264, 2305, 1457, 11, 902, 6835, 757, 1063, 98895, 369, 264, 1833, 5352, 323, 810, 5128, 9364, 13, 4427, 315, 856, 4113, 11012, 9167, 956, 8983, 2270, 439, 1664, 439, 358, 3077, 26253, 11, 779, 584, 3077, 1903, 264, 2478, 9013, 323, 8965, 17626, 13, 1666, 358, 3077, 1027, 3318, 304, 279, 26351, 323, 1701, 9269, 323, 1493, 311, 1304, 5208, 11, 358, 3077, 1047, 1063, 892, 311, 1781, 315, 810, 10631, 430, 358, 2643, 1390, 311, 1522, 3235, 311, 3885, 889, 2643, 1093, 311, 1456, 60299, 449, 872, 79935, 477, 61905, 388, 13, 2100, 1618, 527, 264, 2478, 627, 3563, 2678, 13, 3092, 3293, 60299, -100 ]
Q: typo3: some concerns on extension file ext_emconf.php In extension file:ext_emconf.php <?php $EM_CONF[$_EXTKEY] = array( 'title' => 'AJAX Search', 'description' => '', 'category' => 'plugin', ... According to the document here: http://typo3.org/documentation/document-library/core-documentation/doc_core_api/4.3.2/view/2/1/ I know it is for Definition of extension properties, but I still have questions on: * for $EM_CONF, I guess it is for extension management configuration, but in which file, I can check how does EM use it? for $_EXTKEY, I think it is the extension key, i.e. for above extension, ext key is ajax_search, so in which file, ajax_search assign to $_EXTKEY? such as: $_EXTKEY = ajax_search? A: * What do you want to do? The values are normally read via $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXT']['extConf'][$_EXTKEY] after initialization. You can browse them using the backend module Admin Tools => Configuration, then select the correct array with the selectbox at the top. Have a look in you typo3conf/temp_CACHED_*_ext_localconf.php file. The $_EXTKEY is set there. The extension list is iterated through and all config files are put together and cached this way. The $_EXTKEY variables are set during this process.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange" }	3,080	[ 128000, 48, 25, 86205, 18, 25, 1063, 10742, 389, 9070, 1052, 1327, 23319, 6263, 2348, 763, 9070, 1052, 25, 428, 23319, 6263, 2348, 198, 1340, 1230, 198, 3, 2783, 30312, 98080, 5841, 4889, 60, 284, 1358, 1021, 262, 364, 2150, 6, 591, 364, 31694, 3027, 7694, 756, 262, 364, 4789, 6, 591, 7014, 262, 364, 5588, 6, 591, 364, 9316, 756, 2195, 11439, 311, 279, 2246, 1618, 25, 1795, 1129, 3737, 78, 18, 2726, 86686, 47488, 53521, 5433, 83333, 367, 40610, 15834, 11959, 14, 19, 13, 18, 13, 17, 23302, 14, 17, 14, 16, 6018, 40, 1440, 433, 374, 369, 20288, 315, 9070, 6012, 11, 719, 358, 2103, 617, 4860, 389, 25393, 22242, 9, 2000, 400, 2783, 30312, 11, 358, 8101, 433, 374, 369, 9070, 6373, 6683, 11 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 48, 25, 86205, 18, 25, 1063, 10742, 389, 9070, 1052, 1327, 23319, 6263, 2348, 763, 9070, 1052, 25, 428, 23319, 6263, 2348, 198, 1340, 1230, 198, 3, 2783, 30312, 98080, 5841, 4889, 60, 284, 1358, 1021, 262, 364, 2150, 6, 591, 364, 31694, 3027, 7694, 756, 262, 364, 4789, 6, 591, 7014, 262, 364, 5588, 6, 591, 364, 9316, 756, 2195, 11439, 311, 279, 2246, 1618, 25, 1795, 1129, 3737, 78, 18, 2726, 86686, 47488, 53521, 5433, 83333, 367, 40610, 15834, 11959, 14, 19, 13, 18, 13, 17, 23302, 14, 17, 14, 16, 6018, 40, 1440, 433, 374, 369, 20288, 315, 9070, 6012, 11, 719, 358, 2103, 617, 4860, 389, 25393, 22242, 9, 2000, 400, 2783, 30312, 11, 358, 8101, 433, 374, 369, 9070, 6373, 6683, 11, -100 ]
It's Really All You Need To Get Started Today! ✅ 1000 Low Carb Recipes Book ($27.99 Value) – Find something yummy and low carb! ✅ 148 Low Carb Foods Shopping List ($9.99 Value) – Get the right groceries to be successful. ✅ 100 Low Carb Food Swaps Cheat Sheet ($4.99 Value) – Easy solutions for the average person. ✅ Keto Diet Check List ($4.99 Value) – A quick check list and getting started list. ✅ Eating Out Keto Book ($14.99 Value) – Use this to help stay in "ketosis" when eating out. ✅ 30 Day No Question Asked Trial – See if the Ketogenic Diet works for you and start burning fat today! 1000 Low Carb Recipes Book ($27.99 Value) – Find something yummy and low carb! 148 Low Carb Foods Shopping List ($9.99 Value) – Get the right groceries to be successful. 100 Low Carb Food Swaps Cheat Sheet ($4.99 Value) – Easy solutions for the average person. Keto Diet Check List ($4.99 Value) – A quick check list and getting started list. Eating Out Keto Book ($14.99 Value) – Use this to help stay in "ketosis" when eating out.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	2,698	[ 128000, 2181, 596, 29308, 2052, 1472, 14998, 2057, 2175, 36912, 11450, 4999, 38798, 227, 220, 1041, 15, 12310, 69577, 45302, 6017, 1746, 1544, 13, 1484, 5273, 8, 1389, 7531, 2555, 76454, 323, 3428, 35872, 4999, 38798, 227, 220, 10410, 12310, 69577, 40160, 30064, 1796, 1746, 24, 13, 1484, 5273, 8, 1389, 2175, 279, 1314, 66508, 311, 387, 6992, 627, 38798, 227, 220, 1041, 12310, 69577, 12369, 4593, 2690, 99123, 28841, 1746, 19, 13, 1484, 5273, 8, 1389, 19122, 10105, 369, 279, 5578, 1732, 627, 38798, 227, 77445, 27304, 4343, 1796, 1746, 19, 13, 1484, 5273, 8, 1389, 362, 4062, 1817, 1160, 323, 3794, 3940, 1160, 627, 38798, 227, 60638, 4470, 77445, 6017, 1746, 975, 13, 1484, 5273, 8, 1389, 5560, 420, 311, 1520, 4822, 304, 330, 26554, 10934 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 2181, 596, 29308, 2052, 1472, 14998, 2057, 2175, 36912, 11450, 4999, 38798, 227, 220, 1041, 15, 12310, 69577, 45302, 6017, 1746, 1544, 13, 1484, 5273, 8, 1389, 7531, 2555, 76454, 323, 3428, 35872, 4999, 38798, 227, 220, 10410, 12310, 69577, 40160, 30064, 1796, 1746, 24, 13, 1484, 5273, 8, 1389, 2175, 279, 1314, 66508, 311, 387, 6992, 627, 38798, 227, 220, 1041, 12310, 69577, 12369, 4593, 2690, 99123, 28841, 1746, 19, 13, 1484, 5273, 8, 1389, 19122, 10105, 369, 279, 5578, 1732, 627, 38798, 227, 77445, 27304, 4343, 1796, 1746, 19, 13, 1484, 5273, 8, 1389, 362, 4062, 1817, 1160, 323, 3794, 3940, 1160, 627, 38798, 227, 60638, 4470, 77445, 6017, 1746, 975, 13, 1484, 5273, 8, 1389, 5560, 420, 311, 1520, 4822, 304, 330, 26554, 10934, -100 ]
Q: Placing boxes in diagram the optimal way (no crossing lines) I am doing an assignment where I have to draw a diagram on a web page with a number of boxes, some of which are to be connected by arrows. I have everything setup so that I'm able to draw the actual diagram, arrows and all but now I'm faced with the problem of placing the boxes in the optimal way. By this I mean laying out the page so that I have a minimum of lines crossing. I have to do two types of diagrams: One is a more hierarchical diagram where I know which box to place top left and where all boxes form a hierarchy. The other is more tricky where no box needs to have a specific place and the end result is not a hierarchy. In either scenario are there more than one connection between two boxes. It's pretty much the same as laying out an E/R diagram for a database in the most readable way. Does anyone know how to do this or where to find information about how to do this? Thanks in advance ./CJ A: Laying out an arbitrary graph with minimal crossings is an NP-hard problem, so you're left with finding a good heuristic. What comes to mind is this: * Lay your items on the perimeter of a circle with their connecting edges. Use simulated annealing to swap items, aiming to minimise the number of crossings. *Tidy up using, say, force directed layout. Another option would be to find a spanning tree, render that, then add in the back links. This may well produce more crossings than the simulated annealing approach, but it has the benefit of reusing the solution to the first part of your assignment. Best of luck!	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange" }	2,036	[ 128000, 48, 25, 1856, 4628, 15039, 304, 13861, 279, 23669, 1648, 320, 2201, 27736, 5238, 8, 358, 1097, 3815, 459, 16720, 1405, 358, 617, 311, 4128, 264, 13861, 389, 264, 3566, 2199, 449, 264, 1396, 315, 15039, 11, 1063, 315, 902, 527, 311, 387, 8599, 555, 38057, 13, 358, 617, 4395, 6642, 779, 430, 358, 2846, 3025, 311, 4128, 279, 5150, 13861, 11, 38057, 323, 682, 719, 1457, 358, 2846, 17011, 449, 279, 3575, 315, 25012, 279, 15039, 304, 279, 23669, 1648, 13, 3296, 420, 358, 3152, 35744, 704, 279, 2199, 779, 430, 358, 617, 264, 8187, 315, 5238, 27736, 13, 720, 40, 617, 311, 656, 1403, 4595, 315, 47287, 25, 3861, 374, 264, 810, 70994, 13861, 1405, 358, 1440, 902, 3830, 311, 2035, 1948, 2163, 323, 1405 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 48, 25, 1856, 4628, 15039, 304, 13861, 279, 23669, 1648, 320, 2201, 27736, 5238, 8, 358, 1097, 3815, 459, 16720, 1405, 358, 617, 311, 4128, 264, 13861, 389, 264, 3566, 2199, 449, 264, 1396, 315, 15039, 11, 1063, 315, 902, 527, 311, 387, 8599, 555, 38057, 13, 358, 617, 4395, 6642, 779, 430, 358, 2846, 3025, 311, 4128, 279, 5150, 13861, 11, 38057, 323, 682, 719, 1457, 358, 2846, 17011, 449, 279, 3575, 315, 25012, 279, 15039, 304, 279, 23669, 1648, 13, 3296, 420, 358, 3152, 35744, 704, 279, 2199, 779, 430, 358, 617, 264, 8187, 315, 5238, 27736, 13, 720, 40, 617, 311, 656, 1403, 4595, 315, 47287, 25, 3861, 374, 264, 810, 70994, 13861, 1405, 358, 1440, 902, 3830, 311, 2035, 1948, 2163, 323, 1405, -100 ]
Hi David :wave: , I originally registered as Patricia :think: and then reregistered as Patricia2. We are soon 14 weeks...off to the Med on this cruise, does anyone know if any of the following can be done DIY ? ... OK M O B is Taormina any good for me in my scooter as most of the photos I have seen warn me against it. We went at about that time of year on Queen Victoria and had excellent weather after a bit of drizzle in Copenhagen. If you visit make sure you have your wits about you as anything seems to go traffic and pedestrian wise. Live cam of the main square in Bruges. Thanks for the replies,looking forward to visiting Seville. Had to cancel on the morning of the excursion last time due to illness. Just deciding what to do in Koper on our forthcoming cruise. Wondered if anyone has used the HOHO bus? Thank you. I'll do that. I looked on cruisett and cruise timetables but they weren't any help. I would guess there are many of you who, like me, have almost done Venice to death on cruise ship calls. What's good to do in Alicante (without going on a tour) ? Forgot, Elche just down the road (a bit) is fantastic and called 'The City of Palms' and you'll think you are in North Africa. Thank you, I've just had a quick look at the pictures - The island looks lovely. Anyone done this. What did you think and is it worth doing. Looking at a cruise that takes in this Island, aka Zante. Just booked our first cruise to the Canaries! Can anyone recommend trips for Ferrol, Agadir, Lanzarote, La Gomera & La Palma? Has anyone done any of the glacier trips in Iceland? Earlier this year while cruising the Western Mediterranean on Ventura we called at the port of Ajaccio . In may this year my wife and I visited Corfu while on board P&O's Ventura. Thank you for the post. Something to bare in mind if we visit. Loved the pictures. Nile Cruise: anyone done one? Has anyone here in done a Nile cruise?	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	3,914	[ 128000, 13347, 6941, 551, 31498, 25, 1174, 358, 13517, 9879, 439, 55034, 551, 27963, 25, 323, 1243, 436, 53733, 1601, 291, 439, 55034, 17, 627, 1687, 527, 5246, 220, 975, 5672, 1131, 1885, 311, 279, 3344, 389, 420, 31551, 11, 1587, 5606, 1440, 422, 904, 315, 279, 2768, 649, 387, 2884, 32558, 18072, 1131, 10619, 386, 507, 426, 374, 24172, 494, 2259, 904, 1695, 369, 757, 304, 856, 76140, 439, 1455, 315, 279, 7397, 358, 617, 3970, 8985, 757, 2403, 433, 627, 1687, 4024, 520, 922, 430, 892, 315, 1060, 389, 16657, 23225, 323, 1047, 9250, 9282, 1306, 264, 2766, 315, 1377, 44237, 304, 64161, 627, 2746, 499, 4034, 1304, 2771, 499, 617, 701, 289, 1220, 922, 499, 439, 4205, 5084, 311, 733, 9629, 323, 47854, 24219, 627 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 13347, 6941, 551, 31498, 25, 1174, 358, 13517, 9879, 439, 55034, 551, 27963, 25, 323, 1243, 436, 53733, 1601, 291, 439, 55034, 17, 627, 1687, 527, 5246, 220, 975, 5672, 1131, 1885, 311, 279, 3344, 389, 420, 31551, 11, 1587, 5606, 1440, 422, 904, 315, 279, 2768, 649, 387, 2884, 32558, 18072, 1131, 10619, 386, 507, 426, 374, 24172, 494, 2259, 904, 1695, 369, 757, 304, 856, 76140, 439, 1455, 315, 279, 7397, 358, 617, 3970, 8985, 757, 2403, 433, 627, 1687, 4024, 520, 922, 430, 892, 315, 1060, 389, 16657, 23225, 323, 1047, 9250, 9282, 1306, 264, 2766, 315, 1377, 44237, 304, 64161, 627, 2746, 499, 4034, 1304, 2771, 499, 617, 701, 289, 1220, 922, 499, 439, 4205, 5084, 311, 733, 9629, 323, 47854, 24219, 627, -100 ]
There are no comments for Jasna Gora. Click here to post the first comment. 55. VIRGIN OF JASNA GORA encaustic on wood. This image of a Black Madonna, Mary with a young Jesus, has a history which has encouraged the Polish people. The slash marks on her face were made by a sword. Pope John Paul II especially saw meaning in this symbol of perseverance in the face of the violence against the Polish people during the time of both the Nazis and Communist takeovers of their country.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	2,973	[ 128000, 3947, 527, 912, 6170, 369, 86216, 3458, 480, 6347, 13, 9369, 1618, 311, 1772, 279, 1176, 4068, 627, 2131, 13, 75795, 21303, 3083, 622, 1950, 7476, 480, 52577, 665, 936, 592, 292, 389, 7732, 13, 1115, 2217, 315, 264, 5348, 81669, 11, 10455, 449, 264, 3995, 10811, 11, 706, 264, 3925, 902, 706, 21190, 279, 33084, 1274, 13, 578, 37726, 15785, 389, 1077, 3663, 1051, 1903, 555, 264, 20827, 13, 30460, 3842, 7043, 8105, 5423, 5602, 7438, 304, 420, 7891, 315, 99841, 304, 279, 3663, 315, 279, 9349, 2403, 279, 33084, 1274, 2391, 279, 892, 315, 2225, 279, 49533, 323, 37961, 1935, 9146, 315, 872, 3224, 13, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 3947, 527, 912, 6170, 369, 86216, 3458, 480, 6347, 13, 9369, 1618, 311, 1772, 279, 1176, 4068, 627, 2131, 13, 75795, 21303, 3083, 622, 1950, 7476, 480, 52577, 665, 936, 592, 292, 389, 7732, 13, 1115, 2217, 315, 264, 5348, 81669, 11, 10455, 449, 264, 3995, 10811, 11, 706, 264, 3925, 902, 706, 21190, 279, 33084, 1274, 13, 578, 37726, 15785, 389, 1077, 3663, 1051, 1903, 555, 264, 20827, 13, 30460, 3842, 7043, 8105, 5423, 5602, 7438, 304, 420, 7891, 315, 99841, 304, 279, 3663, 315, 279, 9349, 2403, 279, 33084, 1274, 2391, 279, 892, 315, 2225, 279, 49533, 323, 37961, 1935, 9146, 315, 872, 3224, 13, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
Located a 12-minute walk from Choma Museum & Craft Centre, Sako Lodge has accommodations in Choma. Bruce-Miller Private Game Farm is 14 miles from the lodge. When would you like to stay at Sako Lodge? House Rules Sako Lodge takes special requests – add in the next step! We need at least 5 reviews before we can calculate a review score. If you book and review your stay, you can help Sako Lodge meet this goal.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	1,147	[ 128000, 48852, 264, 220, 717, 24401, 4321, 505, 921, 7942, 16730, 612, 24969, 14821, 11, 328, 29886, 44668, 706, 55713, 304, 921, 7942, 627, 79579, 5364, 15610, 9877, 4140, 18945, 374, 220, 975, 8931, 505, 279, 60891, 627, 4599, 1053, 499, 1093, 311, 4822, 520, 328, 29886, 44668, 5380, 29707, 23694, 328, 29886, 44668, 5097, 3361, 7540, 1389, 923, 304, 279, 1828, 3094, 4999, 1687, 1205, 520, 3325, 220, 20, 8544, 1603, 584, 649, 11294, 264, 3477, 5573, 13, 1442, 499, 2363, 323, 3477, 701, 4822, 11, 499, 649, 1520, 328, 29886, 44668, 3449, 420, 5915, 13, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 48852, 264, 220, 717, 24401, 4321, 505, 921, 7942, 16730, 612, 24969, 14821, 11, 328, 29886, 44668, 706, 55713, 304, 921, 7942, 627, 79579, 5364, 15610, 9877, 4140, 18945, 374, 220, 975, 8931, 505, 279, 60891, 627, 4599, 1053, 499, 1093, 311, 4822, 520, 328, 29886, 44668, 5380, 29707, 23694, 328, 29886, 44668, 5097, 3361, 7540, 1389, 923, 304, 279, 1828, 3094, 4999, 1687, 1205, 520, 3325, 220, 20, 8544, 1603, 584, 649, 11294, 264, 3477, 5573, 13, 1442, 499, 2363, 323, 3477, 701, 4822, 11, 499, 649, 1520, 328, 29886, 44668, 3449, 420, 5915, 13, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
It wasn't actually raining when I took photos of these Lycoris radiata, aka: red spider lilies, a few days ago but this morning we're receving a good, soaking rain. It actually poured heavily for an hour yesterday afternoon which helped in raising the water levels of the community pond we're on. Not only that, I'm sure the trees and vegetation are happy with a lovely dose of rainwater, someting we've had a meager amount of these last few months. We were in Beaumont last year at a nursery just outside of town when we found a box of these bulbs sitting off on the side of the storeroom of the nursery. Curious on what they were, we asked the guys running the store what they were and how much they were. They informed us that a woman had brought them in after her husband had died thinking the nursery might want to use them or sell them. I can't remember how many bulbs there were, maybe thirty, and they basically told us we could make an offer and they would sell the lot of them to us. I believe we offered $15 which is a bargain for these bulbs. After we came home with the bulbs we planted them around an oak tree that was later directly adjacent to the vegetable garden. Knowing they came up in early autumn, we've been waiting for them to sprout. It was only after a good rain a few weeks ago that a few began to send up the flower stalk and bloom. Definitely not all of them awoke from their slumber, probably because we didn't put enough compost down around the tree and keep the grass from around the tree, but maybe if we take better care of them this coming year they will do better for us next autumn. Then again, maybe with the soaking we're getting today more will sprout and bloom for us in the coming weeks. That's a really awesome story and result!!! Looks beautiful!	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	2,075	[ 128000, 2181, 5828, 956, 3604, 84353, 994, 358, 3952, 7397, 315, 1521, 445, 3418, 51380, 12164, 460, 11, 38241, 25, 2579, 35454, 326, 7751, 11, 264, 2478, 2919, 4227, 719, 420, 6693, 584, 2351, 2215, 4504, 264, 1695, 11, 78446, 11422, 13, 1102, 3604, 44033, 17345, 369, 459, 6596, 13985, 13658, 902, 9087, 304, 19054, 279, 3090, 5990, 315, 279, 4029, 36670, 584, 2351, 389, 13, 2876, 1193, 430, 11, 358, 2846, 2771, 279, 12690, 323, 54832, 527, 6380, 449, 264, 17104, 19660, 315, 11422, 13284, 11, 1794, 11880, 584, 3077, 1047, 264, 757, 1435, 3392, 315, 1521, 1566, 2478, 4038, 627, 1687, 1051, 304, 61814, 90917, 1566, 1060, 520, 264, 56226, 1120, 4994, 315, 6424, 994, 584, 1766, 264, 3830, 315, 1521, 54320, 11961, 1022, 389, 279 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 2181, 5828, 956, 3604, 84353, 994, 358, 3952, 7397, 315, 1521, 445, 3418, 51380, 12164, 460, 11, 38241, 25, 2579, 35454, 326, 7751, 11, 264, 2478, 2919, 4227, 719, 420, 6693, 584, 2351, 2215, 4504, 264, 1695, 11, 78446, 11422, 13, 1102, 3604, 44033, 17345, 369, 459, 6596, 13985, 13658, 902, 9087, 304, 19054, 279, 3090, 5990, 315, 279, 4029, 36670, 584, 2351, 389, 13, 2876, 1193, 430, 11, 358, 2846, 2771, 279, 12690, 323, 54832, 527, 6380, 449, 264, 17104, 19660, 315, 11422, 13284, 11, 1794, 11880, 584, 3077, 1047, 264, 757, 1435, 3392, 315, 1521, 1566, 2478, 4038, 627, 1687, 1051, 304, 61814, 90917, 1566, 1060, 520, 264, 56226, 1120, 4994, 315, 6424, 994, 584, 1766, 264, 3830, 315, 1521, 54320, 11961, 1022, 389, 279, -100 ]
How to schedule the DDMDB maintenance and optimization scripts. Sometimes user needs to schedule the DDMDB scripts instead of running it manually every time when the DDMDB size increases to a large amount. This can be done using the post_olb_script or using the Windows scheduler. Make sure you check the schedule logs to ensure that the configured scheduled task has run successfully or not. Note: CA Support is not responsible for any customization done by the client. Also make sure you stop the Archive Manager when you schedule the DDmDB Maintenance script.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	5,875	[ 128000, 4438, 311, 9899, 279, 423, 8561, 3590, 13709, 323, 26329, 20070, 627, 32148, 1217, 3966, 311, 9899, 279, 423, 8561, 3590, 20070, 4619, 315, 4401, 433, 20684, 1475, 892, 994, 279, 423, 8561, 3590, 1404, 12992, 311, 264, 3544, 3392, 13, 1115, 649, 387, 2884, 1701, 279, 1772, 62, 337, 65, 15002, 477, 1701, 279, 5632, 29909, 627, 8238, 2771, 499, 1817, 279, 9899, 18929, 311, 6106, 430, 279, 20336, 13847, 3465, 706, 1629, 7946, 477, 539, 627, 9290, 25, 9362, 9365, 374, 539, 8647, 369, 904, 49141, 2884, 555, 279, 3016, 13, 7429, 1304, 2771, 499, 3009, 279, 30802, 10790, 994, 499, 9899, 279, 32004, 76, 3590, 39306, 5429, 13, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 4438, 311, 9899, 279, 423, 8561, 3590, 13709, 323, 26329, 20070, 627, 32148, 1217, 3966, 311, 9899, 279, 423, 8561, 3590, 20070, 4619, 315, 4401, 433, 20684, 1475, 892, 994, 279, 423, 8561, 3590, 1404, 12992, 311, 264, 3544, 3392, 13, 1115, 649, 387, 2884, 1701, 279, 1772, 62, 337, 65, 15002, 477, 1701, 279, 5632, 29909, 627, 8238, 2771, 499, 1817, 279, 9899, 18929, 311, 6106, 430, 279, 20336, 13847, 3465, 706, 1629, 7946, 477, 539, 627, 9290, 25, 9362, 9365, 374, 539, 8647, 369, 904, 49141, 2884, 555, 279, 3016, 13, 7429, 1304, 2771, 499, 3009, 279, 30802, 10790, 994, 499, 9899, 279, 32004, 76, 3590, 39306, 5429, 13, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
A dog wasn't sure how to handle his newfound fame, so he bit the reporter's mic. Network 10 Perth reporter Beau Pearson asked Border Collie Stanley how he was coping with fame. The dog replied with a bite on his mike and ran away with the sponge on it. Pearson who was left helpless, couldn't stop himself from laughing. Network 10 Perth then posted a video of the incident and jokingly said, "Hey @stanleythecollie, don't eat that mic foam! It's bad for your tummy! Stick to the tennis balls... @beaup35 #dogs #fetch #goodboy #nomnom #perthdogs #celebrity #mediatraining." Sharing pictures from the interview, Pearson took to Instagram saying, "A tail of two Stanley's. One handsome, well trained and an internet sensation. The other, just handsome." And Stanley too shared video his one-of-its-kind interview on Instagram saying, "Pearson Stanley is in need of some media training." Watch Funny Videos of Cute Puppies to Brighten Up Your Weekend. One of the comments on Stanley's post reads, "We loved Stanley before he was an internet sensation!! We saw his star potential from the start." Another Instagram user says, "Never put anything ball like in front of this boy. He just can't help himself!" Stanley regularly updates his Instagram pages with videos of his 'ball catching' practice. He often poses for the camera making his fans go awww. We wish Stanley greater success and hopes he becomes an international sesnsation.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	3,392	[ 128000, 32, 5679, 5828, 956, 2771, 1268, 311, 3790, 813, 94621, 33651, 11, 779, 568, 2766, 279, 19496, 596, 19748, 13, 8304, 220, 605, 50544, 19496, 80327, 59642, 4691, 14319, 13201, 648, 31552, 1268, 568, 574, 63082, 449, 33651, 13, 578, 5679, 20592, 449, 264, 23556, 389, 813, 98769, 323, 10837, 3201, 449, 279, 69448, 389, 433, 13, 59642, 889, 574, 2163, 63628, 11, 7846, 956, 3009, 5678, 505, 32681, 627, 12600, 220, 605, 50544, 1243, 8621, 264, 2835, 315, 279, 10672, 323, 58134, 398, 1071, 11, 330, 19182, 571, 24986, 3258, 339, 762, 980, 648, 11, 1541, 956, 8343, 430, 19748, 32183, 0, 1102, 596, 3958, 369, 701, 259, 8742, 0, 47561, 311, 279, 32515, 20953, 1131, 571, 1395, 64, 455, 1758, 674, 81134, 674, 9838, 674 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 32, 5679, 5828, 956, 2771, 1268, 311, 3790, 813, 94621, 33651, 11, 779, 568, 2766, 279, 19496, 596, 19748, 13, 8304, 220, 605, 50544, 19496, 80327, 59642, 4691, 14319, 13201, 648, 31552, 1268, 568, 574, 63082, 449, 33651, 13, 578, 5679, 20592, 449, 264, 23556, 389, 813, 98769, 323, 10837, 3201, 449, 279, 69448, 389, 433, 13, 59642, 889, 574, 2163, 63628, 11, 7846, 956, 3009, 5678, 505, 32681, 627, 12600, 220, 605, 50544, 1243, 8621, 264, 2835, 315, 279, 10672, 323, 58134, 398, 1071, 11, 330, 19182, 571, 24986, 3258, 339, 762, 980, 648, 11, 1541, 956, 8343, 430, 19748, 32183, 0, 1102, 596, 3958, 369, 701, 259, 8742, 0, 47561, 311, 279, 32515, 20953, 1131, 571, 1395, 64, 455, 1758, 674, 81134, 674, 9838, 674, -100 ]
Suzanne Bates (MAC '99) joined our Student Life team in July 2013 as associate dean of students, with a special focus on our female students. She works closely with fellow Associate Dean Mark McElmurry, whose focus is on our male students. Suzanne also serves the Seminary as adjunct professor of practical theology (counseling) and has been a full-time staff counselor at New City Fellowship in St. Louis for 11 years.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	2,673	[ 128000, 50, 5308, 20991, 74962, 320, 26873, 364, 1484, 8, 11096, 1057, 11988, 9601, 2128, 304, 5887, 220, 679, 18, 439, 22712, 73962, 315, 4236, 11, 449, 264, 3361, 5357, 389, 1057, 8954, 4236, 13, 3005, 4375, 15499, 449, 12637, 33468, 25028, 4488, 4584, 6719, 76, 40956, 11, 6832, 5357, 374, 389, 1057, 8762, 4236, 13, 85252, 1101, 17482, 279, 14582, 3367, 439, 90695, 14561, 315, 15325, 54641, 320, 66, 94741, 287, 8, 323, 706, 1027, 264, 2539, 7394, 5687, 62475, 520, 1561, 4409, 65742, 304, 800, 13, 12140, 369, 220, 806, 1667, 13, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 50, 5308, 20991, 74962, 320, 26873, 364, 1484, 8, 11096, 1057, 11988, 9601, 2128, 304, 5887, 220, 679, 18, 439, 22712, 73962, 315, 4236, 11, 449, 264, 3361, 5357, 389, 1057, 8954, 4236, 13, 3005, 4375, 15499, 449, 12637, 33468, 25028, 4488, 4584, 6719, 76, 40956, 11, 6832, 5357, 374, 389, 1057, 8762, 4236, 13, 85252, 1101, 17482, 279, 14582, 3367, 439, 90695, 14561, 315, 15325, 54641, 320, 66, 94741, 287, 8, 323, 706, 1027, 264, 2539, 7394, 5687, 62475, 520, 1561, 4409, 65742, 304, 800, 13, 12140, 369, 220, 806, 1667, 13, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
In the past two decades, fragment based drug discovery has emerged as a powerful method to discover and develop new drugs. Such strategy relies on the identification of low molecular weight compounds that bind weakly to a target. The structural information gained on fragment-target complexes provides an excellent starting point for the development of potent and selective drugs. Most screening efforts rely on a cascade of sensitive biophysical methods to isolate weaklybinding compounds. X-ray crystallography is also an excellent, and validated, fragment screening option. The method allows screening of all potential binding locations, including allosteric sites, at once while providing a direct structural feedback on hit-target complexes. However, screening a full library of compounds via crystallography is usually laborious, resource hungry and time consuming. Diamond Light Source, in collaboration with the Structure Genomics Consortium, has developed a streamlined X-ray fragment screening platform. To facilitate and parallelise soaking, compounds are transferred, through an acoustic liquid dispenser, directly to crystals grown in high throughput crystallisation plates. A motorised stage located under a microscope, and associated to a touch screen user interface, significantly speeds up the crystal harvesting step. Samples are then transferred to I04-1, a fully automated MX beamline, for rapid and unattended X-ray data collection. Benefitting from immediate access to the Diamond data processing pipelines, electron density maps can be readily analysed for the presence of bound ligands. By seamlessly integrating each step of the process, Diamond has tremendously accelerated the X-ray fragment screening approach, while reducing the experimental overheads. Hundreds of compounds are now routinely screened in a matter of days, with a rapid turnover between projects.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	3,379	[ 128000, 644, 279, 3347, 1403, 11026, 11, 12569, 3196, 5623, 18841, 706, 22763, 439, 264, 8147, 1749, 311, 7142, 323, 2274, 502, 11217, 13, 15483, 8446, 34744, 389, 279, 22654, 315, 3428, 31206, 4785, 32246, 430, 10950, 7621, 398, 311, 264, 2218, 13, 578, 24693, 2038, 18661, 389, 12569, 18996, 69125, 5825, 459, 9250, 6041, 1486, 369, 279, 4500, 315, 36875, 323, 44010, 11217, 627, 13622, 23061, 9045, 17631, 389, 264, 43118, 315, 16614, 6160, 91004, 5528, 311, 43223, 7621, 398, 32136, 32246, 13, 1630, 30630, 26110, 848, 1976, 88, 374, 1101, 459, 9250, 11, 323, 33432, 11, 12569, 23061, 3072, 13, 578, 1749, 6276, 23061, 315, 682, 4754, 11212, 10687, 11, 2737, 63747, 3751, 292, 6732, 11, 520, 3131, 1418, 8405, 264, 2167, 24693, 11302, 389, 4295 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 644, 279, 3347, 1403, 11026, 11, 12569, 3196, 5623, 18841, 706, 22763, 439, 264, 8147, 1749, 311, 7142, 323, 2274, 502, 11217, 13, 15483, 8446, 34744, 389, 279, 22654, 315, 3428, 31206, 4785, 32246, 430, 10950, 7621, 398, 311, 264, 2218, 13, 578, 24693, 2038, 18661, 389, 12569, 18996, 69125, 5825, 459, 9250, 6041, 1486, 369, 279, 4500, 315, 36875, 323, 44010, 11217, 627, 13622, 23061, 9045, 17631, 389, 264, 43118, 315, 16614, 6160, 91004, 5528, 311, 43223, 7621, 398, 32136, 32246, 13, 1630, 30630, 26110, 848, 1976, 88, 374, 1101, 459, 9250, 11, 323, 33432, 11, 12569, 23061, 3072, 13, 578, 1749, 6276, 23061, 315, 682, 4754, 11212, 10687, 11, 2737, 63747, 3751, 292, 6732, 11, 520, 3131, 1418, 8405, 264, 2167, 24693, 11302, 389, 4295, -100 ]
Making News Experts slam fake 'anti-virus cards' Experts have warned that so-called anti-virus cards advertised online offer no protection against the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Associate Professor Tran Dac Phu, former head of General Department of Preventive Medicine under the health ministry, recently came out strongly against the cards and said no experts recommended using them. "This prevention method is not recommended by the health ministry and the national steering committee on COVID-19 prevention and control. Vietnamese health agencies have not received any official recommendation from infectious disease scientists, experts and international organisations on wearing the protectors to fight COVID-19," Phu, who is also a consultant of the health ministry's Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, told Vietnam News Agency. Online sellers have recently claimed the cards named 'Virus Shut Out' are imported from Japan and protect wearers from the coronavirus. The cards are advertised as being able to purify the air around the wearers within a radius of between one and two metres and can be used for two months. The advertisements suggest wearing the cards with a string around the neck, pinning them on personal items or hanging the cards on cars' mirrors, furniture or doorknobs. One card is priced from 150,000 VND (6 USD) to more than 1 million VND (43 USD). Associate Professor Phu said people should follow instructions of the health ministry about virus prevention and control. People are advised not to have close contact with those with symptoms of fever and coughing; wash hands with soaps many times a day; avoid using hands to touch eyes, nose and mouth; and not spit in public places. When coughing or sneezing, people must cover their mouth and nose with a tissue or a sleeve, throw the tissue in the bin after use and wash their hands. They are also advised to wear face masks in crowded places, on public transport or when coming in contact with people with symptoms; clean their houses regularly, especially surfaces of tables and chairs, handrails of stairs, and doorknobs. Supplements have also been advertised online to purportedly help users protect themselves against SARS-CoV-2. According to doctor Lai Thanh Ha, head of Medical Examination Department, Thanh Nhan Hospital in Hanoi, there is currently no vaccine or medicine for the virus. "People should not take supplements which are advertised on social networks as being able to cure COVID-19," she said. The Food Safety Department under the health ministry has issued a warning over supplement advertisements on websites which aim to defraud users or claim that the supplements can protect people from the virus. Associate Professor Nguyen Thanh Phong, head of the department, said supplements that help boost bodily immunity can reduce the risk of contracting diseases, but they are not used as medicine to treat illnesses. Many people have also rushed to buy vitamin C as it is thought to be the best protector against SARS-CoV-2. Doctor Ha said using too much vitamin C could lead to kidney stones and cause disorders in the digestive system. The best way to increase bodily resistance is to eat vegetables and fruits, drink water and maintain a nutritious diet, she said. Doctors also said food safety and partaking in physical exercise was important. VNS/VNP Internet Content Provider (ICP): Vietnam News Agency ISSN : 1606 - 027X \| Publishing license 18/GP-BTTTT issued by the Ministry of Information and Communications on January 5, 2012 Publisher: Vietnam News Agency \| Editor-In-Chief of VNP: Nguyễn Thắng Address: 79 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, HaNoi-Vietnam \| Tel. 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Skil-Care's Gel Spiral Maze focuses on teaching tactile development, hand-eye coordination and developing finger strength. The spiral gel maze, also, helps to teach anticipation and assists in dexterity. Each gel pad comes with a marble to push through the maze allowing for sensory stimulation. The gel maze can be used as a lap weight to allow the individual to fidget while focusing on the task at hand. An easy sensory solution for any classroom or at home therapy tool. The spiral gel maze comes in four bright colors of red, blue, yellow or green aiding in color recognition. Occupational Therapists and Special Education teachers love these gel mazes as they are multipurpose and can be easily wiped clean.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	3,154	[ 128000, 19847, 321, 7813, 548, 596, 45482, 89888, 66191, 24400, 389, 12917, 99683, 4500, 11, 1450, 47797, 38793, 323, 11469, 14654, 8333, 13, 578, 42197, 18316, 36196, 11, 1101, 11, 8779, 311, 4639, 50919, 323, 29944, 304, 294, 59916, 13, 9062, 18316, 11262, 4131, 449, 264, 42390, 311, 4585, 1555, 279, 36196, 10923, 369, 49069, 41959, 13, 578, 18316, 36196, 649, 387, 1511, 439, 264, 24301, 4785, 311, 2187, 279, 3927, 311, 282, 2049, 1418, 21760, 389, 279, 3465, 520, 1450, 13, 1556, 4228, 49069, 6425, 369, 904, 24978, 477, 520, 2162, 15419, 5507, 627, 791, 42197, 18316, 36196, 4131, 304, 3116, 10107, 8146, 315, 2579, 11, 6437, 11, 14071, 477, 6307, 86387, 304, 1933, 18324, 13, 85255, 23258, 391, 1705, 323, 9984, 11930, 13639, 3021, 1521, 18316 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 19847, 321, 7813, 548, 596, 45482, 89888, 66191, 24400, 389, 12917, 99683, 4500, 11, 1450, 47797, 38793, 323, 11469, 14654, 8333, 13, 578, 42197, 18316, 36196, 11, 1101, 11, 8779, 311, 4639, 50919, 323, 29944, 304, 294, 59916, 13, 9062, 18316, 11262, 4131, 449, 264, 42390, 311, 4585, 1555, 279, 36196, 10923, 369, 49069, 41959, 13, 578, 18316, 36196, 649, 387, 1511, 439, 264, 24301, 4785, 311, 2187, 279, 3927, 311, 282, 2049, 1418, 21760, 389, 279, 3465, 520, 1450, 13, 1556, 4228, 49069, 6425, 369, 904, 24978, 477, 520, 2162, 15419, 5507, 627, 791, 42197, 18316, 36196, 4131, 304, 3116, 10107, 8146, 315, 2579, 11, 6437, 11, 14071, 477, 6307, 86387, 304, 1933, 18324, 13, 85255, 23258, 391, 1705, 323, 9984, 11930, 13639, 3021, 1521, 18316, -100 ]
Japan - McCormack is interested in the fact that Anderson had great success from the two film ventures in Japan and suggests that Anderson gives though to the establishment of a literal monopoly on films of the major events in the participation sports. McCormack points out that golf is exploding in Japan and also emphasizes tennis, skiing, and motor racing. Indonesia - McCormack writes on the advice of Edmond G. Brown concerning promoting golf in Indonesia and suggests a meeting in Honolulu prior to the Hawaiian Open Pro-Amateur. Suggesting Newsweek become involved with the Bay Hill Citrus Classic. McCormack outlines the proposed arrangement including entertainment tents, advertising space, identification on the scoreboard, participation in the pro-amateur, costs, and other details. McCormack feels that the first year of the Championship would involve the winners of the British tournaments and European tournaments, plus five at large invitations. The second year, the tournament should be expanded. McCormack lists an approximate breakdown for prize money. Spain - McCormack notes that Gary Player has become associated with Spain's luxury golf resort complex, LaManga Campo de Golf. He announces a 72-hole Pro-Amateur will be held there this year and feature ninety amateurs with thirty teams playing for prize money of $38,900. McCormack and Player would like Fortinberry to be one of the United States invitees to the tournament. McCormack notes that he has a completed version of the Ryder Cup film which he would like to screen for O'Reilly, as he feels it could be used as an excellent promotional vehicle for the 1975 matches at Laurel Valley. McCormack congratulates Anderson on his new responsibility and would like to discuss the possibility of doing a Rockwell International Pro-Amateur golf event. McCormack notes that the first Tournament Players Series golf tournament in the northwest was reasonably successful, but that in general has not been successful.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	2,771	[ 128000, 49852, 482, 89071, 474, 374, 8173, 304, 279, 2144, 430, 21293, 1047, 2294, 2450, 505, 279, 1403, 4632, 66724, 304, 6457, 323, 13533, 430, 21293, 6835, 3582, 311, 279, 21967, 315, 264, 24016, 54301, 389, 12631, 315, 279, 3682, 4455, 304, 279, 20852, 10034, 13, 89071, 474, 3585, 704, 430, 19665, 374, 73745, 304, 6457, 323, 1101, 66159, 32515, 11, 63117, 11, 323, 9048, 22019, 627, 1451, 57772, 482, 89071, 474, 14238, 389, 279, 9650, 315, 3279, 12669, 480, 13, 10690, 18815, 22923, 19665, 304, 24922, 323, 13533, 264, 6574, 304, 82640, 4972, 311, 279, 59103, 5377, 1322, 99910, 11067, 627, 50, 3884, 287, 5513, 10476, 3719, 6532, 449, 279, 9332, 8270, 18002, 20962, 22591, 13, 89071, 474, 50729, 279, 11223, 27204, 2737, 16924, 64470, 11, 13172 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 49852, 482, 89071, 474, 374, 8173, 304, 279, 2144, 430, 21293, 1047, 2294, 2450, 505, 279, 1403, 4632, 66724, 304, 6457, 323, 13533, 430, 21293, 6835, 3582, 311, 279, 21967, 315, 264, 24016, 54301, 389, 12631, 315, 279, 3682, 4455, 304, 279, 20852, 10034, 13, 89071, 474, 3585, 704, 430, 19665, 374, 73745, 304, 6457, 323, 1101, 66159, 32515, 11, 63117, 11, 323, 9048, 22019, 627, 1451, 57772, 482, 89071, 474, 14238, 389, 279, 9650, 315, 3279, 12669, 480, 13, 10690, 18815, 22923, 19665, 304, 24922, 323, 13533, 264, 6574, 304, 82640, 4972, 311, 279, 59103, 5377, 1322, 99910, 11067, 627, 50, 3884, 287, 5513, 10476, 3719, 6532, 449, 279, 9332, 8270, 18002, 20962, 22591, 13, 89071, 474, 50729, 279, 11223, 27204, 2737, 16924, 64470, 11, 13172, -100 ]
WWE 2K18 is coming to the PC in October By Andy Chalk 25 September 2017 This will be the first time a WWE 2K game launches for PC and consoles on the same day. 2K Games has announced that the upcoming pro rasslin' game WWE 2K18 will be released for the PC on October 17, the same day as the PS4 and Xbox One editions of the game. That makes it the first game in the series to come out for the PC on the same day as the console releases. Previous WWE 2K games have made their way onto the PC, but it's always been after a delay. 2K15 came to the PC in April 2015 after the October 2014 console release, 2K16 arrived on PC in March 2016 after debuting on consoles in October 2015, and 2K17 kept up the pattern by coming to PC in February 2017, after first showing on consoles in October 2016. It's still possible for the console crowd to get a bit of a head start on PC players, as the four-day early access "perk" that comes with preorders of the Deluxe Edition isn't being offered on the PC. The Deluxe Edition includes the season pass (details of which will be announced "soon"), playable John Cena characters from ECW One Night Stand (2006) and Wrestlemania 26 (2010), and playable "John Cena rivals" Batista and Rob Van Dam. Preordering either edition will also net you two playable Kurt Angle personas: WWE "American Hero," and ECW "Wrestling Machine." Oddly enough, the announcement didn't come with any images of Angle, so here's Samoa Joe and some other guys. Andy Chalk Andy covers the day-to-day happenings in the big, wide world of PC gaming—the stuff we call "news." In his off hours, he wishes he had time to play the 80-hour RPGs and immersive sims he used to love so much. Best antivirus for PC gaming 2021 Best mouse pads for gaming in 2021 The best full-tower case in 2021 The best mid-tower case in 2021	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	3,668	[ 128000, 54, 12739, 220, 17, 42, 972, 374, 5108, 311, 279, 6812, 304, 6664, 198, 1383, 25871, 921, 1727, 220, 914, 6250, 220, 679, 22, 198, 2028, 690, 387, 279, 1176, 892, 264, 34538, 220, 17, 42, 1847, 38175, 369, 6812, 323, 51193, 389, 279, 1890, 1938, 627, 17, 42, 11871, 706, 7376, 430, 279, 14827, 463, 436, 395, 3817, 6, 1847, 34538, 220, 17, 42, 972, 690, 387, 6004, 369, 279, 6812, 389, 6664, 220, 1114, 11, 279, 1890, 1938, 439, 279, 11659, 19, 323, 21222, 3861, 47634, 315, 279, 1847, 13, 3011, 3727, 433, 279, 1176, 1847, 304, 279, 4101, 311, 2586, 704, 369, 279, 6812, 389, 279, 1890, 1938, 439, 279, 2393, 19786, 627, 21994, 34538, 220, 17, 42, 3953, 617, 1903, 872, 1648, 8800 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 54, 12739, 220, 17, 42, 972, 374, 5108, 311, 279, 6812, 304, 6664, 198, 1383, 25871, 921, 1727, 220, 914, 6250, 220, 679, 22, 198, 2028, 690, 387, 279, 1176, 892, 264, 34538, 220, 17, 42, 1847, 38175, 369, 6812, 323, 51193, 389, 279, 1890, 1938, 627, 17, 42, 11871, 706, 7376, 430, 279, 14827, 463, 436, 395, 3817, 6, 1847, 34538, 220, 17, 42, 972, 690, 387, 6004, 369, 279, 6812, 389, 6664, 220, 1114, 11, 279, 1890, 1938, 439, 279, 11659, 19, 323, 21222, 3861, 47634, 315, 279, 1847, 13, 3011, 3727, 433, 279, 1176, 1847, 304, 279, 4101, 311, 2586, 704, 369, 279, 6812, 389, 279, 1890, 1938, 439, 279, 2393, 19786, 627, 21994, 34538, 220, 17, 42, 3953, 617, 1903, 872, 1648, 8800, -100 ]
Since my birthday was on a Saturday this year, I thought I should go away but not too far since it always snows. So I booked an overnight trip to Edinburgh and ended up getting the most glorious sunny weather! I stayed at Hotel Indigo and it was an absolute dream – look at my room! It had a wall made of books, lamps made of old typewriters and furniture made of old reference drawers. It's also perfectly situated opposite Waverley station and included more free snacks than I could eat by myself. Lots more pics on li.st after everyone went insane over it. I'm always in a rush when I visit during the day since off-peak tickets force me to cram everything into few hours so it was nice to have the time to wander about. I went up Calton Hill for the first time in years, which is always good for a pretty skyline photo. My dad was also in Edinburgh so that was extra nice and involved a lot of tapas and cake, plus some great exhibitions at the National Portrait Gallery. It's such a beautiful building. And of course, I had to pop into Hannah Zakari and spend some of my birthday money. The two Bel's Art World pins came home with me where I discovered more pins from Nicolette in my birthday presents. My pin frame is getting quite full now. More on my presents soon!	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	9,447	[ 128000, 12834, 856, 15553, 574, 389, 264, 7884, 420, 1060, 11, 358, 3463, 358, 1288, 733, 3201, 719, 539, 2288, 3117, 2533, 433, 2744, 12056, 82, 13, 2100, 358, 34070, 459, 25402, 8577, 311, 41406, 323, 9670, 709, 3794, 279, 1455, 44308, 40798, 9282, 4999, 40, 20186, 520, 14894, 2314, 7992, 323, 433, 574, 459, 10973, 8063, 1389, 1427, 520, 856, 3130, 0, 1102, 1047, 264, 7147, 1903, 315, 6603, 11, 50552, 1903, 315, 2362, 3666, 365, 32929, 323, 14891, 1903, 315, 2362, 5905, 62707, 627, 2181, 596, 1101, 14268, 31183, 14329, 468, 7403, 3258, 8216, 323, 5343, 810, 1949, 43402, 1109, 358, 1436, 8343, 555, 7182, 13, 41315, 810, 22067, 389, 908, 1258, 1306, 5127, 4024, 35118, 927, 433, 627, 40, 2846, 2744, 304, 264, 13270, 994 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 12834, 856, 15553, 574, 389, 264, 7884, 420, 1060, 11, 358, 3463, 358, 1288, 733, 3201, 719, 539, 2288, 3117, 2533, 433, 2744, 12056, 82, 13, 2100, 358, 34070, 459, 25402, 8577, 311, 41406, 323, 9670, 709, 3794, 279, 1455, 44308, 40798, 9282, 4999, 40, 20186, 520, 14894, 2314, 7992, 323, 433, 574, 459, 10973, 8063, 1389, 1427, 520, 856, 3130, 0, 1102, 1047, 264, 7147, 1903, 315, 6603, 11, 50552, 1903, 315, 2362, 3666, 365, 32929, 323, 14891, 1903, 315, 2362, 5905, 62707, 627, 2181, 596, 1101, 14268, 31183, 14329, 468, 7403, 3258, 8216, 323, 5343, 810, 1949, 43402, 1109, 358, 1436, 8343, 555, 7182, 13, 41315, 810, 22067, 389, 908, 1258, 1306, 5127, 4024, 35118, 927, 433, 627, 40, 2846, 2744, 304, 264, 13270, 994, -100 ]
What if it were possible for someone – say a woman – to possess an extremely rare gene that drastically reduced her rate of age-ing? That having reached her 50th year, she looked no older than a 25 year old? Isn't that the stuff of fantasy! Imagine the scramble among cosmetic companies and biochemists to try and obtain even a spit's worth of that person's DNA and then somehow creating a lotion which every woman in the world would kill to get hold of! No more botox, no more laser treatments, no more pins and tucks, just smear it on and enjoy extended youthful looks for decades. But, what if it came with a catch? An extremely frightening and inconceivably unbelievable one? Everything comes with a price. As they say, there's no such thing a as free lunch. Reblogged this on Writing as Therapy & Therapy for Writers. Thank you, Kate, for this great opportunity. I've had a lot of page views on my blog as a result. I'm so glad to work with all you awesome authors! I got a lot of page views and some new followers too. I've made it a policy to be sure to follow everyone who likes or comments (unless they are a company) and have connected with a lot of cool cats that way!	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	2,233	[ 128000, 3923, 422, 433, 1051, 3284, 369, 4423, 1389, 2019, 264, 5333, 1389, 311, 15575, 459, 9193, 9024, 15207, 430, 48863, 11293, 1077, 4478, 315, 4325, 85005, 30, 3011, 3515, 8813, 1077, 220, 1135, 339, 1060, 11, 1364, 7111, 912, 9191, 1109, 264, 220, 914, 1060, 2362, 5380, 89041, 956, 430, 279, 6392, 315, 18884, 4999, 52157, 279, 77387, 4315, 46552, 5220, 323, 17332, 2464, 1705, 311, 1456, 323, 6994, 1524, 264, 57087, 596, 5922, 315, 430, 1732, 596, 15922, 323, 1243, 17354, 6968, 264, 87942, 902, 1475, 5333, 304, 279, 1917, 1053, 5622, 311, 636, 3412, 315, 4999, 2822, 810, 61879, 87, 11, 912, 810, 21120, 22972, 11, 912, 810, 28042, 323, 259, 15954, 11, 1120, 81603, 433, 389, 323, 4774, 11838, 65655, 5992, 369, 11026, 627 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 3923, 422, 433, 1051, 3284, 369, 4423, 1389, 2019, 264, 5333, 1389, 311, 15575, 459, 9193, 9024, 15207, 430, 48863, 11293, 1077, 4478, 315, 4325, 85005, 30, 3011, 3515, 8813, 1077, 220, 1135, 339, 1060, 11, 1364, 7111, 912, 9191, 1109, 264, 220, 914, 1060, 2362, 5380, 89041, 956, 430, 279, 6392, 315, 18884, 4999, 52157, 279, 77387, 4315, 46552, 5220, 323, 17332, 2464, 1705, 311, 1456, 323, 6994, 1524, 264, 57087, 596, 5922, 315, 430, 1732, 596, 15922, 323, 1243, 17354, 6968, 264, 87942, 902, 1475, 5333, 304, 279, 1917, 1053, 5622, 311, 636, 3412, 315, 4999, 2822, 810, 61879, 87, 11, 912, 810, 21120, 22972, 11, 912, 810, 28042, 323, 259, 15954, 11, 1120, 81603, 433, 389, 323, 4774, 11838, 65655, 5992, 369, 11026, 627, -100 ]
Subaru Impreza 2.0i - Cloth upholstery. Subaru Impreza 2.0i Premium - Cloth upholstery. ‍Subaru Legacy 2.5i - Cloth upholstery. ‍Subaru Crosstrek 2.0i - Cloth upholstery. Subaru Forester 2.5i - Cloth upholstery, leather-free gear shift and steering wheel. Subaru Forester 2.5i Convenience - Cloth upholstery, leather-free gear shift and steering wheel. ‍Subaru Outback 2.5i - Cloth upholstery. ‍Subaru Ascent Standard - Cloth upholstery. At Subaru of America we are committed to the vitality of our people, to the health of our planet, and to enhancing the communities where we live and work. Our corporate responsibility efforts and philanthropic commitments address the issues our employees, customers and communities are passionate about and we strive to address these issues in ways that allow us to create positive change – within our operations and beyond our four walls.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	8,045	[ 128000, 3214, 31244, 14727, 265, 4458, 220, 17, 13, 15, 72, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 3214, 31244, 14727, 265, 4458, 220, 17, 13, 15, 72, 26745, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 102470, 3214, 31244, 38987, 220, 17, 13, 20, 72, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 102470, 3214, 31244, 61819, 267, 42961, 220, 17, 13, 15, 72, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 3214, 31244, 8371, 3751, 220, 17, 13, 20, 72, 482, 84735, 96788, 11, 18012, 12862, 14787, 6541, 323, 33277, 13587, 627, 3214, 31244, 8371, 3751, 220, 17, 13, 20, 72, 81748, 482, 84735, 96788, 11, 18012, 12862, 14787, 6541, 323, 33277, 13587, 627, 102470, 3214, 31244, 4470, 1445, 220, 17, 13, 20, 72, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 102470, 3214, 31244, 1666, 1189, 12028, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 1688, 61006, 315 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 3214, 31244, 14727, 265, 4458, 220, 17, 13, 15, 72, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 3214, 31244, 14727, 265, 4458, 220, 17, 13, 15, 72, 26745, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 102470, 3214, 31244, 38987, 220, 17, 13, 20, 72, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 102470, 3214, 31244, 61819, 267, 42961, 220, 17, 13, 15, 72, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 3214, 31244, 8371, 3751, 220, 17, 13, 20, 72, 482, 84735, 96788, 11, 18012, 12862, 14787, 6541, 323, 33277, 13587, 627, 3214, 31244, 8371, 3751, 220, 17, 13, 20, 72, 81748, 482, 84735, 96788, 11, 18012, 12862, 14787, 6541, 323, 33277, 13587, 627, 102470, 3214, 31244, 4470, 1445, 220, 17, 13, 20, 72, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 102470, 3214, 31244, 1666, 1189, 12028, 482, 84735, 96788, 627, 1688, 61006, 315, -100 ]
filmu Randki w ciemno (2006) - Danny jest młodym, przystojnym i pewnym siebie mężczyzną. Randki w ciemno blind dating 2016 online movie is pure human, and that's what i liked about it. see our gallery of films that earned four or more academy awards. In China, every year millions of youth leave their small villages for greater opportunities in the city. Contrasting China's urban and rural settings, the film follows her as she prepares to say goodbye to her life in the city and return home for a wedding she does not want to have. autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next.She is attracted to him, but is aware of her commitment to marry Arvind and feels it would be against the Hindu culture (where love is measured with loyalty, trust, respect, and commitment) to break off her engagement – especially when it seems that Danny may be able to see, reject her, and get involved with a much more attractive …If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware.Yet, despite quickly adopting to life in the big city, many still obey the strict customs that govern the small villages they grew up in, especially when it comes to marriage.Chun, who's been living in the Southern Chinese Metropolis of Guangzhou, has finally succumbed to the ancient tradition of blind dating - a process in which you're given 15 minutes to choose a husband or wife - and is just weeks away from her wedding. 1 is a small sea slug found off the northeast coast of Australia. They were quarantined due to the inclusion of "possible profanity" and requests had to be made for the IT Department to allow them to be sent. It should be noted that the Iranian cinema is one of the most exciting, interesting and original cinemas in the world. Lo's Las Vegas gigs during her "All I Have" residency at Planet Hollywood.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	1,660	[ 128000, 31255, 84, 24916, 6780, 289, 12088, 336, 2201, 320, 1049, 21, 8, 482, 33699, 13599, 296, 4697, 1094, 76, 11, 21951, 599, 21963, 49221, 602, 62516, 49221, 10112, 22493, 296, 82018, 48872, 20926, 5985, 627, 57224, 6780, 289, 12088, 336, 2201, 18507, 5029, 220, 679, 21, 2930, 5818, 374, 10748, 3823, 11, 323, 430, 596, 1148, 602, 15262, 922, 433, 627, 4151, 1057, 18537, 315, 12631, 430, 15662, 3116, 477, 810, 44445, 23146, 627, 644, 5734, 11, 1475, 1060, 11990, 315, 12822, 5387, 872, 2678, 33889, 369, 7191, 10708, 304, 279, 3363, 627, 42537, 15067, 5734, 596, 16036, 323, 19624, 5110, 11, 279, 4632, 11263, 1077, 439, 1364, 48542, 311, 2019, 47555, 311, 1077, 2324, 304, 279, 3363, 323, 471, 2162, 369, 264, 13306, 1364, 1587, 539 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 31255, 84, 24916, 6780, 289, 12088, 336, 2201, 320, 1049, 21, 8, 482, 33699, 13599, 296, 4697, 1094, 76, 11, 21951, 599, 21963, 49221, 602, 62516, 49221, 10112, 22493, 296, 82018, 48872, 20926, 5985, 627, 57224, 6780, 289, 12088, 336, 2201, 18507, 5029, 220, 679, 21, 2930, 5818, 374, 10748, 3823, 11, 323, 430, 596, 1148, 602, 15262, 922, 433, 627, 4151, 1057, 18537, 315, 12631, 430, 15662, 3116, 477, 810, 44445, 23146, 627, 644, 5734, 11, 1475, 1060, 11990, 315, 12822, 5387, 872, 2678, 33889, 369, 7191, 10708, 304, 279, 3363, 627, 42537, 15067, 5734, 596, 16036, 323, 19624, 5110, 11, 279, 4632, 11263, 1077, 439, 1364, 48542, 311, 2019, 47555, 311, 1077, 2324, 304, 279, 3363, 323, 471, 2162, 369, 264, 13306, 1364, 1587, 539, -100 ]
Food poisoning is a worst ever condition which can begin anytime (usually an hour or few weeks) after consuming contaminated foods. Usually it got recovery after few days on its own. But elders, Infants and pregnant women should be careful in order How To Get Rid Of Food Poisoning due to their conditions and immune system which is more risky to food poisoning as compare to other . The 1st in order to get rid of food poisoning is to figure out the reason behind your condition. Which might be when you try something new or a friend of you shared something with you or food that taste lil bit change. In addition the understand the symptoms of food poisoning you have like vomiting or diarrhea which may help you whether you should consult to doctor in worst cases or it is mild case which will recover by its own or some self made practices. Call the doctor if your are facing one or all of these condition. The 1st practice you should do in order how to get rid of food poisoning is intake plenty of fluids. Which helps your body to clean from toxins you injected and maintain the level of fluids you lost while vomiting or diarrhea. If your fluids lost is unable to stop you should consult to doctor. in case you feel hungry you can go for brat food like banana, applesauce, rice and toast which will help your stomach calm . Remember dont eat too much at any case. Try home remedies listed below will help to cure food poisoning fast and easy. Drink plenty of water. While having food poisoning the main concern in dehydration. Because of vomiting and diarrhea we lost much fluid to recover that lost we need to concentrate on drinking water and other fluids. you can try other fluids too like Pedialyte easily available is good for any age. Adults can also take sports drinks. remember stay away from caffeine and alcohol which may cause you to urinate more. Which can lead you to dehydration. Basil oil in water or basil juice is also helpful to decrease dehydration. Cumen seeds brewed or straight both may help you. we hope that will be enough to clear the confusion about What To Drink When You Have Food Poisoning. The following remedies might be helpful in order to get rid of food poisoning stomach pains or stomach upsets. Boil half cup of rice in 6 cups of water for 20 min. After boiling remove the rice and put some honey or sugar for taste and drink it warm. This help you to ease your stomach worst condition. Crunch or chew some fennel seeds will support your digestive system. Take a small bites of caraway seeds if you feel gassy . which slow the growth of bacteria cause indigestion. Try to place heating pad or hot water bottle on your upset stomach it will gave you great relief . If you are facing worst condition it is always recommended to consult with doctor in order How To Get Rid Of Food Poisoning Stomach Pains. When we suffering from some worst condition our 1st priority is to get rid at home. In order how to get rid of food poisoning at home below are some home remedies by which you can ease your condition. The most popular remedy apple cider vinegar you can take two table spoons straight or can mix in a cup of hot water and drink it before any solid food. Honey contain antibacterial properties and can help in stomach acids. During nausea use cold wet cloth for burning eye. 3 tea spoons lemon juice and some sugar. And use it 2 3 time a day to treat food poisoning. Bananas are easy to digest . Try to use shake of banana during day . 1 garlic with fresh water or juice of garlic can help you to get rid of food poisoning. Read our other articles about food poisoning symptoms, treatment causes to know about food poisoning and how to get rid of food poisoning.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	5,703	[ 128000, 27844, 52236, 374, 264, 12047, 3596, 3044, 902, 649, 3240, 30194, 320, 44066, 459, 6596, 477, 2478, 5672, 8, 1306, 35208, 52673, 15657, 13, 34067, 433, 2751, 13654, 1306, 2478, 2919, 389, 1202, 1866, 13, 2030, 61776, 11, 15268, 1821, 323, 20895, 3278, 1288, 387, 16994, 304, 2015, 2650, 2057, 2175, 45995, 5046, 12369, 52212, 287, 4245, 311, 872, 4787, 323, 22852, 1887, 902, 374, 810, 41273, 311, 3691, 52236, 439, 9616, 311, 1023, 16853, 791, 220, 16, 267, 304, 2015, 311, 636, 9463, 315, 3691, 52236, 374, 311, 7216, 704, 279, 2944, 4920, 701, 3044, 13, 16299, 2643, 387, 994, 499, 1456, 2555, 502, 477, 264, 4333, 315, 499, 6222, 2555, 449, 499, 477, 3691, 430, 12945, 62471, 2766, 2349, 13, 763, 5369, 279, 3619, 279 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 27844, 52236, 374, 264, 12047, 3596, 3044, 902, 649, 3240, 30194, 320, 44066, 459, 6596, 477, 2478, 5672, 8, 1306, 35208, 52673, 15657, 13, 34067, 433, 2751, 13654, 1306, 2478, 2919, 389, 1202, 1866, 13, 2030, 61776, 11, 15268, 1821, 323, 20895, 3278, 1288, 387, 16994, 304, 2015, 2650, 2057, 2175, 45995, 5046, 12369, 52212, 287, 4245, 311, 872, 4787, 323, 22852, 1887, 902, 374, 810, 41273, 311, 3691, 52236, 439, 9616, 311, 1023, 16853, 791, 220, 16, 267, 304, 2015, 311, 636, 9463, 315, 3691, 52236, 374, 311, 7216, 704, 279, 2944, 4920, 701, 3044, 13, 16299, 2643, 387, 994, 499, 1456, 2555, 502, 477, 264, 4333, 315, 499, 6222, 2555, 449, 499, 477, 3691, 430, 12945, 62471, 2766, 2349, 13, 763, 5369, 279, 3619, 279, -100 ]
Modeling of Biogeochemical Cycles in our nature Shishir Reza In Global Environmental models simulate the functioning of environmental processes. The motivation behind developing an environmental model is often to explain complex behaviour in environmental systems, or improve understanding of a system. Environmental models may also be extrapolated through time in order to predict future environmental conditions, or to compare predicted behavior to observed processes or phenomena. However, a model should not be used for both prediction and explanation tasks simultaneously. A model is a simplified representation of some aspect observed in the real world. A model is any consequence or interpretation taken from a set of observations or experience. Many problems in natural systems are so complex, nonlinear and multidimensional that they require a nonlinear approach. Traditionally, simplification is seldom dealt with in a nonlinear fashion. Linear correlation between different independent components has instead been used. This requires complex explanations and reduces our understanding of the fundamental dynamics behind complex problems. The understanding is then not the focus of the study but the constructed model itself. Biogeochemical Models in Nature We define biogeochemical models as models that describe the connection from biology through chemistry, to geology and back. Geology (the solid phase) is only visible to biology through its expression in chemistry. The only way that geology (solids) affects chemistry is through chemical weathering and ion exchange. Ion exchange is always in the form of reversible reactions, whereas chemical weathering reactions are almost always irreversible and slow. Decomposition of organic matter, however, we regard as part of the biotic cycle. For all biogeochemical models where the connection between biological and geological aspects is significant, the representation of the weathering process will be a vulnerable point for overall model performance. Concerning global cycling of either S or C, etc. nor cycling within an individual water body, were modeling concepts addressed in more general terms. The term modeling is used in many ways. In general, it is a description of a real or hypothetical system. Models serve as a tool for solving specific problems. Therefore it is necessary to properly define the problem before choosing a model. Ideally, a model should be capable of prediction. However, it can also serve the useful purpose of integrating information from different disciplines and in turn provide direction to the individual disciplines. Therefore, it is important that there are continuous interactions between the constructor of the model and the researchers providing the inputs. In ecology and Earth science a biogeochemical cycle or nutrient cycle is a pathway by which a chemical element or molecule moves through both biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth. Water, for example, is always recycled through the water cycle, as shown in the diagram. The water undergoes evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, falling back to Earth clean and fresh. Elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another through the biogeochemical cycle. • Carbon enters the atmosphere through respiration of living things, fires that burn organic compound and by diffusion from the ocean. • Carbon is removed from the atmosphere through the photosynthesis of green plants algae, photosynthetic bacteria etc. • When an organism dies, most of its organic materials decompose into inorganic compounds. • Over years/decades /centuries, such storage occurs in wetlands including part of floodplain, lake basins etc. • Some may be buried under the sediments and form part of sedimentary rock and becomes fossil fuels- coal, oil and natural gas. Today nitrogen atom may be throbbing in the cells of meading grass, tomorrow it may be pulsating through the tissues of a living animal. He nitrogen atom afterwards may rise from decaying animal refuse and stream to the upper region of the atmosphere where it may be yoked with oxygen in a flash of lighting and return a plant food to the soil in a torrent of a rain or it may be directly absorbed from the atmosphere by the soil and there rendered available for plant food by the action of symbiotic bacteria. Hus each nitrogen atom has doubtless undergone a neverceasing cycle of changes through countless aeons of time. Nitrogen and its compounds are essential for the maintenance of life processes in the biosphere. There is continuous exchange of nitrogen within ecosystem, operating the nitrogen cycle. Plants and animals continuously producing proteins which are organic compounds containing nitrogen. Plants absorb nitrates from the soil to produce plants. The death and decay of plants and animals as well, as excreta of animals comprise the major load of organic residues containing proteins to the soil. Various types of microorganism in the soil utilize these nitrogenous organic residues for their metabolism. The resulting reactions yield a chain of immediate products such as ammonia nitrites, nitrates. Plants absorb nitrates and re-enter the nitrogen cycle. Some soil microorganism break down soil nitrate into nitrogen by denitrification process while others transform nitrogen into soluble nitrogen compounds. In the total cycle about 4 to 7 tones of nitrogen per hectare is added to the soil each year. There is some loss through the leaching of nitrates into the fresh water courses and seas. However by all these processes the nitrogen cycle is balanced and thus the nitrogen concentration in the atmosphere is constant.(De, 2005) Sulphur cycle Plants and animals depends on continuous supply of sulphur and its compounds for synthesis of some amino acids and proteins. Some sulphur bacteria serve as the media for exchange of sulphur within ecosystem. The sulphur cycle illustrates the circulation of sulphur and its compound in the environment. Sulphates are converted into plant and animal material by bacterial action . In polluted water under anaerobic condition hydrogen sulphide is produced by bacteria giving deposits of iron sulphide.in unpolluted waters under aerobic conditions the sulphur bacteria transform sulphides into sulphates fo further production of protein.(De, 2005) Oxygen cycle Oxygen the byproduct of photosynthesis, is involved in the oxidation of carbohydrates with release of energy, carbon dioxide and water. Its primary role in biological oxidation is that of a hydrogen acceptors. The breakdown and decomposition of organic molecules proceeds primarily by dehydrogenation. Hydrogen is removed by enzymatic activity from organic molecules in a series of reaction and is finally accepted by the oxygen, forming water. Though oxygen is necessary for life, but being very active chemically, molecular oxygen may be toxic to living body cells. Therefore for the protection from toxic effects of molecular oxygen, cells posses the cellular organelles called peroximes which mediate oxidative reaction resulting in the production of hydrogen peroxide which in turn used through the mediation of other enzymes an acceptor in oxidizing other compounds. The major supply of free oxygen which supports life occurs in the atmosphere. There are two significant sources of atmospheric oxygen. One is the photo dissociation of water vapour in which most of the hydrogen is released scopes into outer space .The other source is photosynthesis active only since life began on earth. Because photosynthesis and respiration are cyclic involving both the release and utilization of oxygen, one would seem to balance the other, and no significant quantity of oxygen would accumulate in the atmosphere. The cycling of oxygen is very complex. as a constituent of carbon dioxide , it circulates freely through the biosphere. Some carbon dioxides combined with calcium to form carbonates. Oxygen combined with nitrogen to form nitrates, with iron to ferric oxides and with many other minerals to form to form other oxides. In these states oxygen is temporarily withdrawn from circulation. In photosynthesis the oxygen freed is split from the water molecule. This oxygen is then reconstituted into water during plant and animal respiration. Some part of the atmospheric oxygen that reaches the higher levels of the troposphere is reduced to ozone by high energy ultraviolet radiation. Water cycle The hydrological cycle is acontinous natural process which helps in exchange of water between the atmosphere, the land, the sea, living plants and animals. About one third of the solar flux is absorbed by the earth is used ti drive the hydrological cycle – massive evaporation of water from the ocean, cloud formation and precipitation which provides us with our supply and reserves of fresh water. Water as rain, hail or snow is precipitated on all land and water surfaces. Water on land surfaces seeps into the soil as ground water. Below the ground there is a natural water level or water table. The soil below the water table is sustained by the underlying clay and rock strata. Ground water does not remain stationary but moves in various directions; water moves up above the water table by capillary action and there maintains a continuous supply of water to the surface layer of soil, where it is absorbed by plant roots in absence of rain .another important ground water resource is the aquifers. The latter exist above impermeable rock strata- water percolates through the porous rocks and forms underground lakes or reservoir. From these aquifers water can be extracted by sinking wells, tube wells and pumping it to the surface. In the event of good rainfall all the rain water precipitated on land does not percolated into the soil. Surface water or run off flows into streams, rivers, lakes and catchment areas or reservoirs. The land surfaces and all water surfaces on the earth lose water by evaporation by solar energy. Normal evaporation from the ocean exceeds precipitation by rain into the seas by about 10%. This access 10% ultimately moves as water vapour over land surface and thereby balance the hydrological cycle and meets our requirements for additional water. Plant absorbs capillary ground water but give off excess water through leaves by the process of transpiration. This is an important process which ensures conduction of water and dissolved mineral salts throughout the plant. Environmental models seek to recreate occurs during some events in nature. Environmental modeling is very important to deter mine chemical exposure concentration to aquatic organisms and or human in the past present or future. The chosen model defines the data needed to create the learning process required to produce the answer. No modeling starts by assembling 'all' data, and just adding more does not give more clarity, but less. If asked for a value judgment, no biogeochemical model is 'best'. The best model is the model that answers the question asked with the necessary amount of accuracy with the smallest cost or effort. The Writer is an Environmental Analyst & Associate Member, Bangladesh Economic Association. The former boss of Nissan, Carlos Ghosn, has been granted bail Chronicles of modern-day foreign ministers 1971, the genesis Trump-Kim summit breaks down: Why? Cosmos Art Camp 2019 concludes in Chaottogram Unlocking principles of intelligent urbanism in Bangladesh Bangabondhu-Equity-Imperialismn Disaster capitalism through carbon rift theory Nation Building Challenges in Developing States Malaysian Context Economics of Home-grown Agro- tourism Products in Bangladesh	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	4,484	[ 128000, 1747, 287, 315, 12371, 540, 25634, 32056, 356, 16182, 304, 1057, 7138, 198, 2059, 819, 404, 1050, 4458, 198, 644, 8121, 198, 83166, 4211, 38553, 279, 31301, 315, 12434, 11618, 13, 578, 25835, 4920, 11469, 459, 12434, 1646, 374, 3629, 311, 10552, 6485, 17432, 304, 12434, 6067, 11, 477, 7417, 8830, 315, 264, 1887, 13, 25027, 4211, 1253, 1101, 387, 71462, 660, 1555, 892, 304, 2015, 311, 7168, 3938, 12434, 4787, 11, 477, 311, 9616, 19698, 7865, 311, 13468, 11618, 477, 44247, 13, 4452, 11, 264, 1646, 1288, 539, 387, 1511, 369, 2225, 20212, 323, 16540, 9256, 25291, 627, 32, 1646, 374, 264, 44899, 13340, 315, 1063, 13189, 13468, 304, 279, 1972, 1917, 13, 362, 1646, 374, 904, 29774, 477, 23692, 4529, 505, 264, 743, 315, 24654 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 1747, 287, 315, 12371, 540, 25634, 32056, 356, 16182, 304, 1057, 7138, 198, 2059, 819, 404, 1050, 4458, 198, 644, 8121, 198, 83166, 4211, 38553, 279, 31301, 315, 12434, 11618, 13, 578, 25835, 4920, 11469, 459, 12434, 1646, 374, 3629, 311, 10552, 6485, 17432, 304, 12434, 6067, 11, 477, 7417, 8830, 315, 264, 1887, 13, 25027, 4211, 1253, 1101, 387, 71462, 660, 1555, 892, 304, 2015, 311, 7168, 3938, 12434, 4787, 11, 477, 311, 9616, 19698, 7865, 311, 13468, 11618, 477, 44247, 13, 4452, 11, 264, 1646, 1288, 539, 387, 1511, 369, 2225, 20212, 323, 16540, 9256, 25291, 627, 32, 1646, 374, 264, 44899, 13340, 315, 1063, 13189, 13468, 304, 279, 1972, 1917, 13, 362, 1646, 374, 904, 29774, 477, 23692, 4529, 505, 264, 743, 315, 24654, -100 ]
There are 3 airports and 13 Amtrak train stations within 30 miles of the Santa Ana city center. The average travel time to work in Santa Ana is 5% lower than the national average. The number of people who take public transportation in Santa Ana is 20% higher than the national average. The number of people who carpool to work in Santa Ana is 51% higher than the national average. The number of people who work from home in Santa Ana is 58% lower than the national average. Source: The Bristol Memory, Santa Ana, CA transportation data displayed above is derived from the 2016 United States Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS).	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	7,937	[ 128000, 3947, 527, 220, 18, 46163, 323, 220, 1032, 3383, 71119, 5542, 17789, 2949, 220, 966, 8931, 315, 279, 16376, 33238, 3363, 4219, 627, 791, 5578, 5944, 892, 311, 990, 304, 16376, 33238, 374, 220, 20, 4, 4827, 1109, 279, 5426, 5578, 627, 791, 1396, 315, 1274, 889, 1935, 586, 18386, 304, 16376, 33238, 374, 220, 508, 4, 5190, 1109, 279, 5426, 5578, 627, 791, 1396, 315, 1274, 889, 1841, 10497, 311, 990, 304, 16376, 33238, 374, 220, 3971, 4, 5190, 1109, 279, 5426, 5578, 627, 791, 1396, 315, 1274, 889, 990, 505, 2162, 304, 16376, 33238, 374, 220, 2970, 4, 4827, 1109, 279, 5426, 5578, 627, 3692, 25, 578, 45039, 14171, 11, 16376, 33238, 11, 9362, 18386, 828, 12882, 3485, 374, 14592, 505, 279, 220, 679, 21 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 3947, 527, 220, 18, 46163, 323, 220, 1032, 3383, 71119, 5542, 17789, 2949, 220, 966, 8931, 315, 279, 16376, 33238, 3363, 4219, 627, 791, 5578, 5944, 892, 311, 990, 304, 16376, 33238, 374, 220, 20, 4, 4827, 1109, 279, 5426, 5578, 627, 791, 1396, 315, 1274, 889, 1935, 586, 18386, 304, 16376, 33238, 374, 220, 508, 4, 5190, 1109, 279, 5426, 5578, 627, 791, 1396, 315, 1274, 889, 1841, 10497, 311, 990, 304, 16376, 33238, 374, 220, 3971, 4, 5190, 1109, 279, 5426, 5578, 627, 791, 1396, 315, 1274, 889, 990, 505, 2162, 304, 16376, 33238, 374, 220, 2970, 4, 4827, 1109, 279, 5426, 5578, 627, 3692, 25, 578, 45039, 14171, 11, 16376, 33238, 11, 9362, 18386, 828, 12882, 3485, 374, 14592, 505, 279, 220, 679, 21, -100 ]
Some clients travel all the way from Newcastle and Wollongong to visit me, and some visit from just down the road. This handsome little guy didn't have to travel very far for his Newborn Photography Session with me, he lives in the street over from me. Whether my little clients travel from far or near, I am truly blessed to have the honour of photographing this very precious time in their little families' lives. The Hills District is full of incredibly talented Newborn Photographers, so when my clients choose me, it makes my heart sing. Here are some of my favourites of Theo's session. And as always there are way too many to share. I hope you love them as much as I do.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	563	[ 128000, 8538, 8403, 5944, 682, 279, 1648, 505, 44226, 323, 468, 980, 647, 647, 311, 4034, 757, 11, 323, 1063, 4034, 505, 1120, 1523, 279, 5754, 13, 1115, 44877, 2697, 7564, 3287, 956, 617, 311, 5944, 1633, 3117, 369, 813, 1561, 16381, 41147, 9343, 449, 757, 11, 568, 6439, 304, 279, 8761, 927, 505, 757, 13, 13440, 856, 2697, 8403, 5944, 505, 3117, 477, 3221, 11, 358, 1097, 9615, 33944, 311, 617, 279, 34662, 315, 10512, 287, 420, 1633, 27498, 892, 304, 872, 2697, 8689, 6, 6439, 627, 791, 25964, 11182, 374, 2539, 315, 17235, 23944, 1561, 16381, 33255, 388, 11, 779, 994, 856, 8403, 5268, 757, 11, 433, 3727, 856, 4851, 7936, 627, 8586, 527, 1063, 315, 856, 58034, 315, 85237, 596, 3882, 13, 1628, 439, 2744 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 8538, 8403, 5944, 682, 279, 1648, 505, 44226, 323, 468, 980, 647, 647, 311, 4034, 757, 11, 323, 1063, 4034, 505, 1120, 1523, 279, 5754, 13, 1115, 44877, 2697, 7564, 3287, 956, 617, 311, 5944, 1633, 3117, 369, 813, 1561, 16381, 41147, 9343, 449, 757, 11, 568, 6439, 304, 279, 8761, 927, 505, 757, 13, 13440, 856, 2697, 8403, 5944, 505, 3117, 477, 3221, 11, 358, 1097, 9615, 33944, 311, 617, 279, 34662, 315, 10512, 287, 420, 1633, 27498, 892, 304, 872, 2697, 8689, 6, 6439, 627, 791, 25964, 11182, 374, 2539, 315, 17235, 23944, 1561, 16381, 33255, 388, 11, 779, 994, 856, 8403, 5268, 757, 11, 433, 3727, 856, 4851, 7936, 627, 8586, 527, 1063, 315, 856, 58034, 315, 85237, 596, 3882, 13, 1628, 439, 2744, -100 ]
Join guest artist Lily Baldwin and members of the Detroit women's filmmaker collective FINAL GIRLS for a discussion about pushing the boundaries of storytelling — and in particular, the ways in which VR can be used to engage audiences in new ways. Lily will talk about her latest work, Through You, on display at Space 2435 and the Power Center. The piece is a virtual reality narrative that she describes as a "visceral poem, filled with saturated colors, bold score, and dance to inhabit a common mortal story of love born, lived, lost, burned, and seemingly gone forever." Attendees will view the work and respond to it with the filmmaker present, learning about her approach to the medium as a practitioner of both film and dance. Made possible with support from The Knight Foundation.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	291	[ 128000, 12572, 8810, 10255, 48390, 56018, 323, 3697, 315, 279, 20344, 3278, 596, 57337, 22498, 68059, 86109, 7416, 369, 264, 10430, 922, 17919, 279, 23546, 315, 48929, 2001, 323, 304, 4040, 11, 279, 5627, 304, 902, 19718, 649, 387, 1511, 311, 16988, 30994, 304, 502, 5627, 627, 43, 1570, 690, 3137, 922, 1077, 5652, 990, 11, 17331, 1472, 11, 389, 3113, 520, 11746, 220, 14052, 20, 323, 279, 7572, 5955, 13, 578, 6710, 374, 264, 4200, 8903, 19775, 430, 1364, 16964, 439, 264, 330, 2749, 66, 3333, 33894, 11, 10409, 449, 50585, 8146, 11, 14265, 5573, 11, 323, 15612, 311, 33427, 264, 4279, 49972, 3446, 315, 3021, 9405, 11, 12439, 11, 5675, 11, 27724, 11, 323, 23490, 8208, 16058, 1210, 79873, 5633, 690, 1684, 279, 990, 323, 6013 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 12572, 8810, 10255, 48390, 56018, 323, 3697, 315, 279, 20344, 3278, 596, 57337, 22498, 68059, 86109, 7416, 369, 264, 10430, 922, 17919, 279, 23546, 315, 48929, 2001, 323, 304, 4040, 11, 279, 5627, 304, 902, 19718, 649, 387, 1511, 311, 16988, 30994, 304, 502, 5627, 627, 43, 1570, 690, 3137, 922, 1077, 5652, 990, 11, 17331, 1472, 11, 389, 3113, 520, 11746, 220, 14052, 20, 323, 279, 7572, 5955, 13, 578, 6710, 374, 264, 4200, 8903, 19775, 430, 1364, 16964, 439, 264, 330, 2749, 66, 3333, 33894, 11, 10409, 449, 50585, 8146, 11, 14265, 5573, 11, 323, 15612, 311, 33427, 264, 4279, 49972, 3446, 315, 3021, 9405, 11, 12439, 11, 5675, 11, 27724, 11, 323, 23490, 8208, 16058, 1210, 79873, 5633, 690, 1684, 279, 990, 323, 6013, -100 ]
The price of oil, a key Canadian export, is still down over 50 percent from its mid-2014 high of $116 a barrel, while demand for the country's other exports remains tepid due to weak U.S. intake. The poll forecast Canadian economic growth at 1.2 percent this year, short of the bank's 1.3 percent estimate, and at 2.0 percent in 2017, versus the bank's 2.2 percent prediction and July poll's median consensus of 2.1 percent. "The energy sector is still suffering and I don't see light at the end of the tunnel anytime soon, even if commodity prices seem to be slowly creeping higher again," said Thomas Costerg, senior economist at Standard Chartered Bank. To lend support to the Canadian economy, the Liberal government in March projected a C$29.4 billion ($22.1 billion) budget deficit for this fiscal year as it spends on infrastructure and benefits for families and the middle class. "Fiscal stimulus is a positive for growth, but it is a modest positive. It is just a patchwork solution in the meantime," said Emanuella Enenajor, North America economist at Bank of America-Merrill Lynch. Canada's central bank cut rates twice last year, bringing them to 0.50 percent, to dull the sting of the oil price crash. The economy fell into a brief recession, nonetheless. But lower rates prompted Canadians to take on even more mortgage debt. The household debt-to-income ratio hit a record high 167.6 percent in the second quarter, stoking fears of a correction in the housing market. Canada's economy is increasingly driven by housing, which is a key risk going into 2017, said Standard Chartered's Costerg. He added that the recent regulations to curb house price inflation also pose a downside risk to economic growth. But with overall inflation remaining below the BoC's 2 percent target, and the economy still weak, a small minority of economists said the central bank's next move will more likely be a rate cut than a hike. Three forecast a trim this quarter.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	6,373	[ 128000, 791, 3430, 315, 5707, 11, 264, 1401, 12152, 7637, 11, 374, 2103, 1523, 927, 220, 1135, 3346, 505, 1202, 5209, 12, 679, 19, 1579, 315, 400, 8027, 264, 20929, 11, 1418, 7631, 369, 279, 3224, 596, 1023, 13086, 8625, 56152, 307, 4245, 311, 7621, 549, 815, 13, 23730, 627, 791, 7230, 18057, 12152, 7100, 6650, 520, 220, 16, 13, 17, 3346, 420, 1060, 11, 2875, 315, 279, 6201, 596, 220, 16, 13, 18, 3346, 16430, 11, 323, 520, 220, 17, 13, 15, 3346, 304, 220, 679, 22, 11, 19579, 279, 6201, 596, 220, 17, 13, 17, 3346, 20212, 323, 5887, 7230, 596, 23369, 24811, 315, 220, 17, 13, 16, 3346, 627, 10227, 4907, 10706, 374, 2103, 16066, 323, 358, 1541, 956, 1518, 3177, 520, 279, 842, 315 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 791, 3430, 315, 5707, 11, 264, 1401, 12152, 7637, 11, 374, 2103, 1523, 927, 220, 1135, 3346, 505, 1202, 5209, 12, 679, 19, 1579, 315, 400, 8027, 264, 20929, 11, 1418, 7631, 369, 279, 3224, 596, 1023, 13086, 8625, 56152, 307, 4245, 311, 7621, 549, 815, 13, 23730, 627, 791, 7230, 18057, 12152, 7100, 6650, 520, 220, 16, 13, 17, 3346, 420, 1060, 11, 2875, 315, 279, 6201, 596, 220, 16, 13, 18, 3346, 16430, 11, 323, 520, 220, 17, 13, 15, 3346, 304, 220, 679, 22, 11, 19579, 279, 6201, 596, 220, 17, 13, 17, 3346, 20212, 323, 5887, 7230, 596, 23369, 24811, 315, 220, 17, 13, 16, 3346, 627, 10227, 4907, 10706, 374, 2103, 16066, 323, 358, 1541, 956, 1518, 3177, 520, 279, 842, 315, -100 ]
video-slots Immortal Romance is one of the most popular video slots produced by the ever-popular software provider Microgaming. Containing themes of romance and vampires, the slot shot to fame shortly after its release in 2011, telling the story of paranormal characters Amber, Troy, Michael, and Sarah. Largest paid jackpot:$3,645,000 Average payout:96.86% Current jackpot range: $3,645,000 Max Bonus About Immortal Romance Microgaming launched Immortal Slots in 2011, and it was well-received, becoming an instant cult classic. The game follows the story of Amber, Troy, Michael, and Sarah, a group of paranormals in a vampire-themed tale of romance. That may turn some players off as your mileage on vampires may vary, but give it a chance and you might just fall in love with the slot yourself. With a collection of great features, huge chances to win big, and a respectable RTP, the slot still holds up today as one of the best Microgaming has to offer. How to play Immortal Romance If you've not played Immortal Romance or are relatively new to online slots in general, you might benefit from a little bit of a crash course before getting yourself fully immersed in the game. That said, online slots aren't rocket science, and you'll likely find your feet quickly, wading through the jargon and special features with ease. But that doesn't mean that reading up just a little before playing doesn't have its benefits. Before hitting the "spin" button, you're going to want to sort out the sizes of your bets and there's a simple method for players to do just that. A pair of +/- buttons will allow you to set the coin size alongside the number of coins that you're going to want to bet. It's these two that will form the total size of your bet, don't worry, it's super simple once you've had a quick play around. The "Bet Max" option will let you set the maximum bet permitted by a single click of the button before hitting "Spin," setting the reels in motion before landing on a potentially winning position. Ways to win Typical of Microgaming slots, Immortal Romance will offer players a total of 243 different winning combinations (paylines), more than enough to work with. There's a 96.86% RTP and a minimum requirement of 1 coin per line alongside the maximum of 10. The minimum coin size lands at 0.01 and a maximum of 0.02 with the associated jackpot of 60. Where to play Immortal Romance Finding a place to play Immortal Romance is the easy part, as players will find themselves able to play at any Microgaming casino. Bonuses available If there's one thing that we absolutely love about slots, it's the bonuses and features that we're seeing when playing the games. At Immortal Romance, there's plenty of different ways to reach higher scoring rounds with each of the following leading to bigger and better features. Wild Desire The Wild Desire feature is one of the best adrenaline-pumping aspects of Immortal Romance and will trigger at random - turning up to five reels completely wild. If you manage to achieve the level, you're in with the chance of a huge 1,500X bonus of your total stake - not bad at all. The Chamber of Spins Immortal Romance is all about The Chamber of Spins, the feature that can be entered when players find three or more Lion Door Knocker symbols during a spin (find five and you'll find yourself with a huge 200X bonus on your total stake). From here, players can enter four different spin features, depending on the number of times the chamber is entered, leading to better features with the increased number of visits. First up, it's Amber, the feature that is always available for players to access when in the Chamber of Spins. Players can expect to receive 10 free spins with a 5X multiplier, a solid feature to be sure. But when you see you that it can be retriggered to gain a total of 20 free spins, it definitely steps it up just a little more. Moving onto Troy, players will find that it's not quite as easy to access as Amber, with a requirement of entering the Chamber of Spins a total of five or more times. For the repeated visits, players will find themselves faced with 15 free spins with the Vampire Bats feature enabled. This feature turns symbols into 2x and 3x multipliers, but if players find themselves receiving two, they'll reap the rewards of a 6x multiplier. Thanks, Troy! Next up it's Michael, and players will have to work even harder to get to him with The Chamber of Spins needing to be accessed a total of 10 or more times for access to be granted. Players can expect to play with 20 free spins with the Rolling Reels feature enabled. That means that players can expect consecutive wins as the multiplier value increases from 2x to 5x. Last up, we have Sarah, the feature most difficult to reach with a requirement of a visit to The Chamber of Spins 15 times or more. Players will receive a massive 25 free spins with the Wild Vine feature enabled, randomly changing the symbols into wilds. Receiving one, two, three, four or five scatter symbols will translate to one, two, three or four free spins, meaning a total of 29 free spins available from Sarah. We love the progressive nature of the slot, showing huge similarities to Thunderstruck II, albeit with a very different theme. And, similar to the legendary Thunderstruck, Immortal Romance comes with an inbuilt memory, meaning that you're able to leave and come back to the game at a later date with your progress saved. What do the players say? We don't trust anyone as much as you, the players, so it makes sense to include some of the honest player reviews that we've found helpful from around the web. We always prefer to look for the good in things, so that's exactly how we're going to start off the player reviews, with three positive personal accounts of the game. "Graceful and beautiful Slot Machine, which will catch your attention and will not let the player stop playing, you want to keep going and gain more and more of all the options that are here. You can choose how many free spins you play to achieve the positions and features you can get high winnings. Common Success." "Immortal Romance is a masterpiece slot from Microgaming , I believe it is the best slot from this provider and the most played. Although I am not a big fan of vampire themed slot I enjoy playing Immortal Romance very much." "I think Immortal Romance is a game that will never get old. The theme of vampires and love is just a subject that attracts us women, but I think also men even though they won't admit it. ;) There is a great potential of winning huge, even when playing the minimum of the 30 cent bet. I think this game is amazing with it theme and features. Great game." No game is perfect, and to make sure there's no bias on the site, we're just as interested in the bad as we are the good. Here are a couple of candid reviews noting some of Immortal Romance's shortcomings. "I'm not a big fan of the music like a lot of other people seem to be, and it is essentially just a carbon clone of Thunderstruck II with a few changes here and there. It seems to me that when Microgaming was releasing games like this and Thunderstruck II they were really at the height of their innovation and they have been on something of a downward slope since then." "My only negative comment with regards to this game, and in fact all of these similar 243 ways games, is that on a bad day, they will bleed you dry so quickly you won't know what happened - Yes, that is just how it goes sometimes with slots. It's not a reason not to play the game, but just be aware, the variance is enormous - in order for somebody to win 12,000 x their bet, 12,000 spins have to lose. Just keep that in mind." If you're not dissuaded by the theme (it's great if you give it a chance, trust us) then you'll find Immortal Romance an absolute gem. Similar to the iconic Thunderstruck II, there's very little to say in the way of complaints - it's a great game with a great story that we love. 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Williams, Jessup spur Broncos to Senior Day victory over UNM By Andrew Dieckhoff February 23, 2020 7:09 pm By Andrew Dieckhoff \| February 23, 2020 7:09 pm MT [jwplayer 9FEfL71c] Game Recap: Boise State 74, New Mexico 61 Williams ties career-high with 26 points, adds 17 rebounds Contact/Follow @andrewdieckhoff & @MWCwire Senior Day goes off without a hitch as Broncos stampede New Mexico For a team with as much experience as Boise State has, Senior Day was always going to be a special evening. For Broncos senior RJ Williams, it was one last chance to put on a career performance in front of the home fans in Boise. Highlights of RJ Williams from today: https://t.co/lESb59tg5O — Jay Tust (@KTVBSportsGuy) February 24, 2020 Williams tied his career-high with 27 points and pulled down 16 rebounds, spurring his team to a 74-61 win at ExtraMile Arena on Sunday afternoon. The forward was nearly perfect on Sunday, making 11 of 14 shots while also posting a perfect mark at the free throw line. Fellow senior Justinian Jessup finished with 15 points and added another trio of three-pointers to his ledger, further extending his Mountain West all-time record for triples. The prolific shooter also added five rebounds and a team-leading four assists on the day. Derrick Alston Jr. scored 17 points for Boise State, coming off the bench in deference to seniors Alex Hobbs, Marcus Dickinson, and Robin Jorch. That said, while he is just a junior, Alston could be forgiven for stealing some of the spotlight on Sunday—the guard has long been discussed as a professional prospect, thanks to a breakout year last season. If this was his last game in Boise, he made it memorable. Some of Boise's seniors didn't get the memo. While Hobbs, Dickinson, and Jorch were all in the starting lineup and remained on the floor until the first media timeout, none of the three were very effective in their final game in front of the home fans. The trio combined to score just four points on 1-for-12 shooting. Still, even as those elder statesmen struggled, Leon Rice watched as the rest of his team came together to secure an 11th league victory. With the win, the Broncos remained just a half-game behind Utah State and Nevada for second place in the Mountain West standings. The result provides even further contrast between the top six in the MW and the bottom five. And New Mexico is squarely in the second camp now. The Lobos have now dropped four straight since beating Wyoming at The Pit on February 8, and have lost nine of their past eleven games. If the beginning of New Mexico's season was a fairy tale, then the back half has been the panicked journal entries of a sailor lost at sea. Paul Weir's roster has been decimated by on- and off-the-court issues since their 15-3 start. This most recent loss drops them to just a half-game lead over Fresno State for the #7 seed in the upcoming Mountain West Tournament. Vance Jackson did his part to try to keep New Mexico alive in this game, pouring in a team-high 19 points and seven rebounds. Jackson was joined in double-figure scoring by only one other Lobo, Keith McGee, who finished with twelve points. The Lobos will be happy to put Boise in their rear-view mirror as they prepare for the final week of the regular season, before heading to Las Vegas for the Mountain West Tournament. They will be guaranteed to be among the first-round contestants, solidifying their place in the league's bottom six this week with losses to Nevada and Boise State. The Broncos will get an early taste of next week's tournament venue when UNLV hosts Boise State on Wednesday at the Thomas & Mack Center. A Boise State win would clinch a first-round bye for the blue and orange. And with just one game remaining in the regular season, Leon Rice and the Broncos will be watching from home on Saturday for the final Mountain West gameday. The Lobos finish the season with a trip to Clune Arena to do battle with Air Force, before finally heading home for their own Senior Day on February 29 against Utah State. It's hard to know just how much is left in the tank for a team that has had a difficult season, both physically and mentally. But a win over the Aggies at The Pit would certainly be a nice send-off for seniors JaQuan Lyle and Corey Manigault. Andrew is a current USBWA member, covering college basketball for multiple outlets, including Mountain West Wire of the USA TODAY Sports Media Group and Busting Brackets of the FanSided Network. He also runs the Dieckhoff Power Index, a college basketball analytics system, and provides bracketology predictions throughout the season. More Mountain West Basketball! Boise State Basketball, boise state new mexico, boise state new mexico basketball, boise state senior day, bsu recap, bsu unm recap, Mountain West Basketball, mw basketball, MWC Basketball, New Mexico Basketball, rj williams, unm bsu, unm bsu basketball, unm bsu recap, unm recap, Boise State, Mountain West Basketball, New Mexico	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	1,691	[ 128000, 62939, 11, 23908, 455, 60131, 42694, 311, 19903, 6187, 12845, 927, 6781, 44, 198, 1383, 13929, 8574, 377, 94404, 7552, 220, 1419, 11, 220, 2366, 15, 220, 22, 25, 2545, 9012, 198, 1383, 13929, 8574, 377, 94404, 765, 7552, 220, 1419, 11, 220, 2366, 15, 220, 22, 25, 2545, 9012, 19629, 198, 3894, 86, 3517, 220, 24, 11673, 69, 43, 6028, 66, 933, 4973, 99134, 25, 79673, 3314, 220, 5728, 11, 1561, 12550, 220, 5547, 198, 62939, 20405, 7076, 28661, 449, 220, 1627, 3585, 11, 11621, 220, 1114, 43762, 198, 8906, 12598, 1573, 571, 438, 4361, 27591, 377, 94404, 612, 571, 44, 26538, 36631, 198, 48195, 6187, 5900, 1022, 2085, 264, 59207, 439, 42694, 21899, 15686, 1561, 12550, 198, 2520, 264, 2128, 449, 439, 1790, 3217, 439 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 62939, 11, 23908, 455, 60131, 42694, 311, 19903, 6187, 12845, 927, 6781, 44, 198, 1383, 13929, 8574, 377, 94404, 7552, 220, 1419, 11, 220, 2366, 15, 220, 22, 25, 2545, 9012, 198, 1383, 13929, 8574, 377, 94404, 765, 7552, 220, 1419, 11, 220, 2366, 15, 220, 22, 25, 2545, 9012, 19629, 198, 3894, 86, 3517, 220, 24, 11673, 69, 43, 6028, 66, 933, 4973, 99134, 25, 79673, 3314, 220, 5728, 11, 1561, 12550, 220, 5547, 198, 62939, 20405, 7076, 28661, 449, 220, 1627, 3585, 11, 11621, 220, 1114, 43762, 198, 8906, 12598, 1573, 571, 438, 4361, 27591, 377, 94404, 612, 571, 44, 26538, 36631, 198, 48195, 6187, 5900, 1022, 2085, 264, 59207, 439, 42694, 21899, 15686, 1561, 12550, 198, 2520, 264, 2128, 449, 439, 1790, 3217, 439, -100 ]
Las Vegas Police arrested a teen suspect and his mother in the fatal shooting of a Missouri State football player Richard Nelson, who witnesses say tried to stop a fight involving his sister in front of their house over the weekend. Police arrested 37-year-old Tianna Thomas and her 17-year-old son. The teen was charged with murder and his mother was charged with accessory to murder with a deadly weapon after police believe she drove her son from the scene before they arrived. Witnesses told police Nelson pulled a person away from his sister before he was shot. The Clark County coroner says Nelson died of multiple gunshots. Missouri State will hold a public memorial service on Sunday, the 29th for in the Plaster Student Union Theater on the Springfield campus, starting at 1 p.m.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	169	[ 128000, 44903, 18059, 10289, 12800, 264, 9562, 15562, 323, 813, 6691, 304, 279, 19094, 10658, 315, 264, 25378, 3314, 9141, 2851, 12131, 27562, 11, 889, 28823, 2019, 6818, 311, 3009, 264, 4465, 16239, 813, 13219, 304, 4156, 315, 872, 3838, 927, 279, 9178, 627, 22993, 12800, 220, 1806, 4771, 6418, 23126, 12930, 11355, 323, 1077, 220, 1114, 4771, 6418, 4538, 13, 578, 9562, 574, 11684, 449, 10102, 323, 813, 6691, 574, 11684, 449, 43081, 311, 10102, 449, 264, 25114, 10500, 1306, 4379, 4510, 1364, 23980, 1077, 4538, 505, 279, 6237, 1603, 814, 11721, 13, 87439, 3309, 4379, 27562, 13541, 264, 1732, 3201, 505, 813, 13219, 1603, 568, 574, 6689, 627, 791, 22010, 6406, 22760, 261, 2795, 27562, 8636, 315, 5361, 6166, 28734, 13, 25378, 3314, 690, 3412, 264 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 44903, 18059, 10289, 12800, 264, 9562, 15562, 323, 813, 6691, 304, 279, 19094, 10658, 315, 264, 25378, 3314, 9141, 2851, 12131, 27562, 11, 889, 28823, 2019, 6818, 311, 3009, 264, 4465, 16239, 813, 13219, 304, 4156, 315, 872, 3838, 927, 279, 9178, 627, 22993, 12800, 220, 1806, 4771, 6418, 23126, 12930, 11355, 323, 1077, 220, 1114, 4771, 6418, 4538, 13, 578, 9562, 574, 11684, 449, 10102, 323, 813, 6691, 574, 11684, 449, 43081, 311, 10102, 449, 264, 25114, 10500, 1306, 4379, 4510, 1364, 23980, 1077, 4538, 505, 279, 6237, 1603, 814, 11721, 13, 87439, 3309, 4379, 27562, 13541, 264, 1732, 3201, 505, 813, 13219, 1603, 568, 574, 6689, 627, 791, 22010, 6406, 22760, 261, 2795, 27562, 8636, 315, 5361, 6166, 28734, 13, 25378, 3314, 690, 3412, 264, -100 ]
Q: Unable to upload image (without gray strip) more than 640x480px to Google Drive - ESP-CAM via HTTP POST base64 payload I am solving such a problem for the ESP-CAM platform ... I have ESP-CAM, which is a microcontroller with an OV2640 camera. I am sending the photo via HTTPS POST request to Google App Script that save it to my Google Drive. Payload photo is base64 format. The photo is uploaded and fully visible. It only works at a low resolution of 640x480 ... Whenever I use a higher photo resolution (800x600 or up to 1600x1200 - 2Mpix) there is a gray bar on each photo ... I suspect that the problem is the base64 payload .... I don't see any problem in software implementation, or memory, because of ESP-CAM has 4MB of external PSRAM memory. Are there another ways how to upload a photo... What content type to use for payload? image / jpeg payload, application / x-www-form-urlencoded? Are there any other options? I'm also attaching an image of what the image that uploads to me in 800x600 or higher resolution looks like with that gray strip. Photo in Google Drive with gray strip: https://i.imgur.com/FXw1yXi.png I would add that if I send the whole image in one color (for example, dark, the whole is black), it will be uploaded correctly without that gray strip ... Could it be that the payload is so long that it is not uploaded? I'm really annoyed about it already.. I don't know on which side is problem.... At encoding, at Google backend of that App Script?? Code that I am using under Arduino IDE: (ESP Arduino Core 1.0.4) #include <WiFi.h> #include <WiFiClientSecure.h> #include "soc/soc.h" #include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h" #include "Base64.h" #include <ESPmDNS.h> #include <WiFiUdp.h> #include <ArduinoOTA.h> #include "esp_camera.h" unsigned long cas = 0; const char* ssid = "WiFi_SSID"; //your network SSID const char* password = "WiFi_PASS"; //your network password const char* myDomain = "script.google.com"; String myScript = "/macros/s/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/exec"; String myFilename = "filename=ESP32-CAM.jpg"; String mimeType = "&mimetype=image/jpeg"; String myImage = "&data="; int waitingTime = 30000; //Wait 30 seconds to google response. #define PWDN_GPIO_NUM 32 #define RESET_GPIO_NUM -1 #define XCLK_GPIO_NUM 0 #define SIOD_GPIO_NUM 26 #define SIOC_GPIO_NUM 27 #define Y9_GPIO_NUM 35 #define Y8_GPIO_NUM 34 #define Y7_GPIO_NUM 39 #define Y6_GPIO_NUM 36 #define Y5_GPIO_NUM 21 #define Y4_GPIO_NUM 19 #define Y3_GPIO_NUM 18 #define Y2_GPIO_NUM 5 #define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM 25 #define HREF_GPIO_NUM 23 #define PCLK_GPIO_NUM 22 WiFiClientSecure client; const char* test_root_ca PROGMEM = \ "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" \ "MIIETDCCAzSgAwIBAgILBAAAAAABL07hSVIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG\n" \ "A1UEBhMCQkUxGTAXBgNVBAoTEEdsb2JhbFNpZ24gbnYtc2ExEDAOBgNVBAsTB1Jv\n" \ "b3QgQ0ExGzAZBgNVBAMTEkdsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBDQTAeFw0wNjEyMTUwODAw\n" \ "MDBaFw0yODAxMjgxMjAwMDBaMEwxIDAeBgNVBAsTF0dsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBD\n" \ "QSAtIFIyMRMwEQYDVQQKEwpHbG9iYWxTaWduMRMwEQYDVQQDEwpHbG9iYWxTaWdu\n" \ "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAps8kDr4ubyiZRULEqz4h\n" \ "VJsL03+EcPoSs8u/h1/Gf4bTsjBc1v2t8Xvc5fhglgmSEPXQU977e35ziKxSiHtK\n" \ "pspJpl6op4xaEbx6guu+jOmzrJYlB5dKmSoHL7Qed7+KD7UCfBuWuMW5Oiy81hK5\n" \ "61l94tAGhl9eSWq1OV6INOy8eAwImIRsqM1LtKB9DHlN8LgtyyHK1WxbfeGgKYSh\n" \ "+dOUScskYpEgvN0L1dnM+eonCitzkcadG6zIy+jgoPQvkItN+7A2G/YZeoXgbfJh\n" \ "E4hcn+CTClGXilrOr6vV96oJqmC93Nlf33KpYBNeAAHJSvo/pOoHAyECjoLKA8Kb\n" \ "jwIDAQABo4IBIjCCAR4wDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgEGMA8GA1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8w\n" \ "HQYDVR0OBBYEFJviB1dnHB7AagbeWbSaLd/cGYYuMEcGA1UdIARAMD4wPAYEVR0g\n" \ "ADA0MDIGCCsGAQUFBwIBFiZodHRwczovL3d3dy5nbG9iYWxzaWduLmNvbS9yZXBv\n" \ "c2l0b3J5LzAzBgNVHR8ELDAqMCigJqAkhiJodHRwOi8vY3JsLmdsb2JhbHNpZ24u\n" \ "bmV0L3Jvb3QuY3JsMD0GCCsGAQUFBwEBBDEwLzAtBggrBgEFBQcwAYYhaHR0cDov\n" \ "L29jc3AuZ2xvYmFsc2lnbi5jb20vcm9vdHIxMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFGB7ZhpFDZfK\n" \ "iVAvfQTNNKj//P1LMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4IBAQCZIivuijLTDAd+3RsgK1Bq\n" \ "lpEG2r5u13KWrVM/fvWPQufQ62SlZfLz4z0/WzEMfHmEOpeMDx+uwbzy67ig70H9\n" \ "vDGp/MlC5kS+HlbKdYuySTGZ/urpcWSGeo/l1WERQ+hAuzEM4tsYi5l0OGGrJICM\n" \ "+ag710nWZooYc8y8BjmLEDIODdOx9+9mExBZSMjPAcqZzJBymNs67cunu+JscI6m\n" \ "nmhj7Y+3LQWJztlU9k6rHkbbMEk/9mrgAfC8zYTUOfdVjgMVcdOdNO2dxtHIqsWE\n" \ "OTsN/SknUh6Dq0gjhVhQs5XGC7Mm4xYtqDDcA1BtXNEMzSqhR5rPIBvbQ4gfwvzg\n" \ "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"; void setup() { WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); Serial.begin(115200); delay(10); WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); Serial.println(""); Serial.print("Connecting to "); Serial.println(ssid); WiFi.begin(ssid, password); while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.print("."); delay(500); } client.setCACert(test_root_ca); ArduinoOTA.setPort(3232); ArduinoOTA .onStart([]() { String type; if (ArduinoOTA.getCommand() == U_FLASH) type = "sketch"; else // U_SPIFFS type = "filesystem"; // NOTE: if updating SPIFFS this would be the place to unmount SPIFFS using SPIFFS.end() Serial.println("Start updating " + type); }) .onEnd([]() { Serial.println("\nEnd"); }) .onProgress([](unsigned int progress, unsigned int total) { Serial.printf("Progress: %u%%\r", (progress / (total / 100))); }) .onError([](ota_error_t error) { Serial.printf("Error[%u]: ", error); if (error == OTA_AUTH_ERROR) Serial.println("Auth Failed"); else if (error == OTA_BEGIN_ERROR) Serial.println("Begin Failed"); else if (error == OTA_CONNECT_ERROR) Serial.println("Connect Failed"); else if (error == OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR) Serial.println("Receive Failed"); else if (error == OTA_END_ERROR) Serial.println("End Failed"); }); ArduinoOTA.begin(); Serial.println(""); Serial.println("STAIP address: "); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); Serial.println(""); camera_config_t config; config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0; config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0; config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM; config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000; config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG; config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_UXGA; // UXGA\|SXGA\|XGA\|SVGA\|VGA\|CIF\|QVGA\|HQVGA\|QQVGA config.jpeg_quality = 10; config.fb_count = 1; esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config); if (err != ESP_OK) { Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err); delay(1000); ESP.restart(); } } void loop() { if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { WiFi.begin(ssid, password); } while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.print("."); delay(500); } ArduinoOTA.handle(); if ((millis() - cas) >= 60000 \|\| cas == 0) { cas = millis(); saveCapturedImage(); } } void saveCapturedImage() { Serial.println("Connect to " + String(myDomain)); client.stop(); if (client.connect(myDomain, 443)) { Serial.println("Connection successful"); camera_fb_t * fb = NULL; fb = esp_camera_fb_get(); if (!fb) { Serial.println("Camera capture failed"); delay(1000); ESP.restart(); return; } char input = (char )fb->buf; char output[base64_enc_len(3)]; String imageFile = ""; for (int i = 0; i < fb->len; i++) { base64_encode(output, (input++), 3); if (i % 3 == 0) imageFile += urlencode(String(output)); } String Data = myFilename + mimeType + myImage; esp_camera_fb_return(fb); Serial.println("Send a captured image to Google Drive."); client.println("POST " + myScript + " HTTP/1.1"); client.println("Host: " + String(myDomain)); client.println("Content-Length: " + String(Data.length() + imageFile.length())); client.println("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); client.println(); client.print(Data); int Index; for (Index = 0; Index < imageFile.length(); Index = Index + 1000) { client.print(imageFile.substring(Index, Index + 1000)); } Serial.println("Waiting for response."); long int StartTime = millis(); while (!client.available()) { Serial.print("."); delay(100); if ((StartTime + waitingTime) < millis()) { Serial.println(); Serial.println("No response."); //If you have no response, maybe need a greater value of waitingTime break; } } Serial.println(); while (client.available()) { Serial.print(char(client.read())); } } else { Serial.println("Connected to " + String(myDomain) + " failed."); } client.stop(); } //https://github.com/zenmanenergy/ESP8266-Arduino-Examples/ String urlencode(String str) { String encodedString = ""; char c; char code0; char code1; char code2; for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) { c = str.charAt(i); if (c == ' ') { encodedString += '+'; } else if (isalnum(c)) { encodedString += c; } else { code1 = (c & 0xf) + '0'; if ((c & 0xf) > 9) { code1 = (c & 0xf) - 10 + 'A'; } c = (c >> 4) & 0xf; code0 = c + '0'; if (c > 9) { code0 = c - 10 + 'A'; } code2 = '\0'; encodedString += '%'; encodedString += code0; encodedString += code1; //encodedString+=code2; } yield(); } return encodedString; } Google App Script for saving photo to my Google Drive --> ESP-CAM directory: function doPost(e) { var data = Utilities.base64Decode(e.parameters.data); var nombreArchivo = Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), "GMT+1", "dd.MM HH:mm")+".jpg"; var blob = Utilities.newBlob(data, e.parameters.mimetype, nombreArchivo ); var folder, folders = DriveApp.getFoldersByName("ESP32-CAM"); if (folders.hasNext()) { folder = folders.next(); } else { folder = DriveApp.createFolder("ESP32-CAM"); } var file = folder.createFile(blob); return ContentService.createTextOutput("Completed.") } Thanks for help! - Martin	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange" }	267	[ 128000, 48, 25, 42544, 311, 8298, 2217, 320, 30096, 18004, 13619, 8, 810, 1109, 220, 14033, 87, 11738, 1804, 311, 5195, 16542, 482, 18609, 7813, 1428, 4669, 10339, 13165, 2385, 1227, 7885, 358, 1097, 22581, 1778, 264, 3575, 369, 279, 18609, 7813, 1428, 5452, 12515, 40, 617, 18609, 7813, 1428, 11, 902, 374, 264, 8162, 7299, 449, 459, 75402, 12815, 15, 6382, 627, 40, 1097, 11889, 279, 6685, 4669, 62144, 13165, 1715, 311, 5195, 1883, 14025, 430, 3665, 433, 311, 856, 5195, 16542, 627, 30783, 6685, 374, 2385, 1227, 3645, 13, 578, 6685, 374, 23700, 323, 7373, 9621, 627, 2181, 1193, 4375, 520, 264, 3428, 11175, 315, 220, 14033, 87, 11738, 2564, 43633, 358, 1005, 264, 5190, 6685, 11175, 320, 4728, 87, 5067, 477, 709, 311, 220, 6330 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 48, 25, 42544, 311, 8298, 2217, 320, 30096, 18004, 13619, 8, 810, 1109, 220, 14033, 87, 11738, 1804, 311, 5195, 16542, 482, 18609, 7813, 1428, 4669, 10339, 13165, 2385, 1227, 7885, 358, 1097, 22581, 1778, 264, 3575, 369, 279, 18609, 7813, 1428, 5452, 12515, 40, 617, 18609, 7813, 1428, 11, 902, 374, 264, 8162, 7299, 449, 459, 75402, 12815, 15, 6382, 627, 40, 1097, 11889, 279, 6685, 4669, 62144, 13165, 1715, 311, 5195, 1883, 14025, 430, 3665, 433, 311, 856, 5195, 16542, 627, 30783, 6685, 374, 2385, 1227, 3645, 13, 578, 6685, 374, 23700, 323, 7373, 9621, 627, 2181, 1193, 4375, 520, 264, 3428, 11175, 315, 220, 14033, 87, 11738, 2564, 43633, 358, 1005, 264, 5190, 6685, 11175, 320, 4728, 87, 5067, 477, 709, 311, 220, 6330, -100 ]
The Roots Collective Team As a community of entrepreneurs, founded by entrepreneurs, for entrepreneurs, the Roots Collective is led by a dynamic, energetic, and passionate team! Learn more about them here. Aloy Chua CEO for Business Development & Co-Founder Allister Roy Chua, or Aloy for short, is the CEO for Business Development of the Roots Collective, and one of its original co-founders. He discovered his advocacy for the environment at an early age by reading about global warming and polar melting, and has been taking steps to live a conscious life since his teenage years. His passion for social justice was also first kindled in high school with the cause of the Sumilao farmers, but it wasn't until the eve of his university exchange program that he was invited to the GK Enchanted Farm and learned about social entrepreneurship as a way of marrying social causes and career sustainability. He has been involved in the social entrepreneurship and non-profit scenes ever since, working as a facilitator and trainer with the same organization that brought him to the Farm and volunteering for the Benita & Catalino Yap Foundation before joining HABI Lifestyle in 2015, where the initial seeds for what would become the Roots Collective were sown. He served as the first COO of the Roots Collective until 2016, and returned in November 2019 to manage the Uptown BGC pop-up store, before becoming CEO in February 2020. In addition to being passionate about living a more sustainable lifestyle and social justice and equity, Aloy is also an advocate of well-being, financial literacy, and living one's true purpose and calling. He likes traveling, reading, writing, cooking, shoes, video games, music, languages, technology, and coffee and tea. He is a director in his homeowners' association, as well as a member of the Christian Life Community of the Philippines (CLCP) and the Young Catholic Professionals (YCP) ministry of Christ the King Greenmeadows Parish. He graduated from Xavier School in 2009, and from the Ateneo de Manila University in 2013 with a bachelor's degree in legal management, and minors in French and Chinese Studies. Dexter Yu COO for Business Development & Co-Founder CFO & Co-Founder, Wholly Grain Dexter Yu is the COO for Business Development of the Roots Collective, and part of the second batch of co-founders of the Roots Collective association. A lover of life and the beauty of nature and the outdoors, Dexter has been an environmental advocate since his university years when he joined the Institute of Skin Divers of the Ateneo (ISDA) and the Loyola Mountaineers, organizations that proved instrumental in his formation as a leader. For his business thesis, he and four other friends co-founded Wholly Grain, a social enterprise working with farmers in Ilocos to produce sorghum grains and sorghum products, which they continued after graduation, launching physically at the Roots Collective's Katipunan hub at the time. Having been recognized by the Roots Collective leadership as having great potential as a youth leader in entrepreneurship, Dexter was then recruited to be a partner at the Roots Collective association, and managed both the Roots Commune in August 2019 and the Uptown BGC pop-up store in November 2019, before becoming Business Development Officer in February 2020, formalized as COO in July 2021. In addition to his passion for the seas and the mountains and sustainable living, Dexter is an advocate of holistic health and well-being, in particular physical exercise and healthy eating. He likes swimming and diving, hiking, jogging, yoga, cycling, cooking, good food, music, and design. He graduated from Xavier School in 2014, and from the Ateneo de Manila University in 2019 with a bachelor's degree in communications technology management, and minors in marketing, finance, and enterprise development.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	9,546	[ 128000, 791, 75687, 60018, 8068, 198, 2170, 264, 4029, 315, 35490, 11, 18538, 555, 35490, 11, 369, 35490, 11, 279, 75687, 60018, 374, 6197, 555, 264, 8915, 11, 45955, 11, 323, 25429, 2128, 0, 15281, 810, 922, 1124, 1618, 627, 32, 2032, 921, 4381, 198, 79596, 369, 8184, 11050, 612, 3623, 12, 83834, 198, 2460, 1601, 11284, 921, 4381, 11, 477, 362, 2032, 369, 2875, 11, 374, 279, 12432, 369, 8184, 11050, 315, 279, 75687, 60018, 11, 323, 832, 315, 1202, 4113, 1080, 27802, 388, 13, 1283, 11352, 813, 35954, 369, 279, 4676, 520, 459, 4216, 4325, 555, 5403, 922, 3728, 24808, 323, 25685, 50684, 11, 323, 706, 1027, 4737, 7504, 311, 3974, 264, 17371, 2324, 2533, 813, 34268, 1667, 13, 5414, 11939, 369, 3674, 12437, 574, 1101 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 791, 75687, 60018, 8068, 198, 2170, 264, 4029, 315, 35490, 11, 18538, 555, 35490, 11, 369, 35490, 11, 279, 75687, 60018, 374, 6197, 555, 264, 8915, 11, 45955, 11, 323, 25429, 2128, 0, 15281, 810, 922, 1124, 1618, 627, 32, 2032, 921, 4381, 198, 79596, 369, 8184, 11050, 612, 3623, 12, 83834, 198, 2460, 1601, 11284, 921, 4381, 11, 477, 362, 2032, 369, 2875, 11, 374, 279, 12432, 369, 8184, 11050, 315, 279, 75687, 60018, 11, 323, 832, 315, 1202, 4113, 1080, 27802, 388, 13, 1283, 11352, 813, 35954, 369, 279, 4676, 520, 459, 4216, 4325, 555, 5403, 922, 3728, 24808, 323, 25685, 50684, 11, 323, 706, 1027, 4737, 7504, 311, 3974, 264, 17371, 2324, 2533, 813, 34268, 1667, 13, 5414, 11939, 369, 3674, 12437, 574, 1101, -100 ]
Q: запись и удаление данных через одну форму POST, php и mysql Скажем есть 1 форма отправки POST, с переменной value1. В базе есть 3 ячейки value1, value2, value3 Как сделать так что бы после отправки данной формы значение переменной в форме поменялось на value2 и соотвественно на value3, при этом если в базе есть запись value1 и value3, то выводится форма для отправки с первым ближайшим пустым значением, те value2 Так же у каждого этого значения после записи появляется кнопка "удалить данное значение". Если в общем, то это загрузка изображений по очереди, вывод их с последующим удалением для каждого. Накидайте пожалуйста идеи как это реализовать или как еще можно реализовать загрузку по очереди картинок, вывод и удаление по очереди. Интересует только чистый PHP	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange" }	4,127	[ 128000, 48, 25, 56611, 4929, 7740, 58491, 17618, 53376, 102458, 113984, 109782, 13165, 11, 25361, 7740, 10787, 117564, 38657, 10298, 80265, 220, 16, 119431, 87188, 17165, 13165, 11, 5524, 81199, 39988, 907, 16, 627, 16604, 79373, 1532, 80265, 220, 18, 46410, 6148, 21708, 17165, 907, 16, 11, 907, 17, 11, 907, 18, 198, 106523, 108297, 50945, 48489, 38760, 102948, 87188, 17165, 98599, 39988, 118794, 66459, 81199, 39988, 5927, 120160, 76401, 115916, 107366, 13373, 907, 17, 7740, 104943, 5591, 35034, 102715, 13373, 907, 18, 11, 37405, 103016, 47353, 5927, 79373, 1532, 80265, 56611, 4929, 907, 16, 7740, 907, 18, 11, 59346, 85394, 97334, 119431, 20440, 87188, 17165, 5524, 77901, 101679, 124966, 19039, 106533, 118786, 101679, 40650, 102345, 11, 102336, 907, 17, 198, 108250, 101520, 14257, 121062, 103117, 88612, 102948 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 48, 25, 56611, 4929, 7740, 58491, 17618, 53376, 102458, 113984, 109782, 13165, 11, 25361, 7740, 10787, 117564, 38657, 10298, 80265, 220, 16, 119431, 87188, 17165, 13165, 11, 5524, 81199, 39988, 907, 16, 627, 16604, 79373, 1532, 80265, 220, 18, 46410, 6148, 21708, 17165, 907, 16, 11, 907, 17, 11, 907, 18, 198, 106523, 108297, 50945, 48489, 38760, 102948, 87188, 17165, 98599, 39988, 118794, 66459, 81199, 39988, 5927, 120160, 76401, 115916, 107366, 13373, 907, 17, 7740, 104943, 5591, 35034, 102715, 13373, 907, 18, 11, 37405, 103016, 47353, 5927, 79373, 1532, 80265, 56611, 4929, 907, 16, 7740, 907, 18, 11, 59346, 85394, 97334, 119431, 20440, 87188, 17165, 5524, 77901, 101679, 124966, 19039, 106533, 118786, 101679, 40650, 102345, 11, 102336, 907, 17, 198, 108250, 101520, 14257, 121062, 103117, 88612, 102948, -100 ]
Death of Cardiff man after night in police custody 'deeply concerning' By Nazia Parveen and Steven Morris Welsh first minister calls for 'proper investigation' into death of Mohamud Mohammed Hassan Mohamud Mohammed Hassan The Welsh first minister has described the sudden and unexplained death of a 24-year-old man from Cardiff hours after his release from custody as "deeply concerning". South Wales police referred the death of Mohamud Mohammed Hassan after he was arrested following a disturbance in the city to the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC), which has launched an investigation. Police said they were called by the Welsh ambulance service to a "multi-occupancy" property in Roath, shortly after 10.30pm on 9 January. Hassan, who was of Somali heritage, was arrested at his Cardiff home on Friday on suspicion of breach of the peace but released without charge on Saturday morning. Officers said he left custody at around 8.30am. Hours later on Saturday evening he had died with his family saying he had claimed he was assaulted in custody before his death. South Wales police said it had so far found no evidence of excessive force or misconduct. It said its self-referral to the complaints watchdog was standard practice following a death after police contact. The IOPC director for Wales, Catrin Evans, said it would look carefully at the level of force used during the arrest and whether proper assessments were made on Hassan before he was released, but added that preliminary indications were that there was no physical trauma injury to explain the cause of death and toxicology tests would be needed. Speaking in the Welsh parliament, Mark Drakeford, offered his condolences to Hassan's family. "Our thoughts must be with the family of a young man who was a fit and healthy individual whose death must be properly investigated," he said. The Welsh first minister said the first step was to allow the IOPC to look into the case. "I expect that to be done vigorously and with full and visible independence," he said. The Plaid Cymru leader, Adam Price, told the parliament: "Witnesses were reportedly shocked by Mr Hassan's condition on his release, saying his tracksuit was covered in blood and he had severe injuries and bruising. "There can be no doubt this is a deeply harrowing case and every effort should be made to seek the truth of what happened. Why was Mohamud Hassan arrested, what happened during his arrest, did he have legal representation, was there any after care; why did this young man die?" Price asked the first minister to do "everything in your power to help the family find those answers". The Plaid leader reminded the parliament of previous controversial investigations involving South Wales police including the murder of Lynette White, which led to the Cardiff Three miscarriage of justice, and the death of schoolboy Christopher Kapessa, following which his mother, Alina Joseph, accused the police of institutional racism. Price asked Drakeford: "Do you understand why so many people of colour sympathise with that statement? The Plaid leader also pointed out that only 2.6% of South Wales police officers were from black and ethnic minority backgrounds when they made up 6.7% of the population. He also said black people in Wales were more likely to end up in prison than their US counterparts. Drakeford replied: "Black lives matter in every aspect of public services and public life here in Wales. That obligation lies with our police services as much as every part of life." Hassan's aunt, Zainab Hassan, said she saw her nephew within an hour of his release. "He had lots of wounds on his body and lots of bruises," she said. "He didn't have these wounds when he was arrested and when he came out of Cardiff Bay police station, he had them. "Nothing we do is going to bring him back, but we will not rest for a second until we have justice." On Tuesday afternoon, about 200 people gathered outside Cardiff Bay police station and flares were let off to protest over Hassan's death. Demonstrators chanted "no justice, no peace" and demanded the force release CCTV of Hassan's time in custody, while some held signs that read "Black Lives Matter" and "stop police brutality". One protester, Bianca Ali, 29, said: "We want justice, we want transparency, we want answers, we want the truth." Hilary Brown, a solicitor and director of Virgo Consultancy, said a complaint had been made to the IOPC, while the family would be seeking an independent pathologist report and called for an independent police force to investigate the issue. Evans said the IOPC "will look carefully at the level of force used during the interaction", adding: "We will be urgently examining the extensive relevant CCTV footage and body-worn video. Accounts will be gained from the officers involved, and we will be seeking to speak to a number of witnesses to the police attendance on Friday evening and to Mr Hassan's movements on Saturday after leaving custody. "I would like to reassure people that we will carry out a thorough and independent investigation … An interim report from a postmortem examination is awaited. Preliminary indications are that there is no physical trauma injury to explain a cause of death, and toxicology tests are required."In a statement South Wales police said: "As part of the South Wales police investigation CCTV and body-worn video has already been, and will continue to be, examined. "This will assist in establishing and understanding the events that took place. Early findings by the force indicate no misconduct issues and no excessive force." A postmortem examination was due to take place on Tuesday. BREAKING: Donald Trump becomes 1st U.S. president to be impeached for a 2nd time - AP Ethiopia says ex-foreign minister killed by military after refusing to surrender - Reuters Suspected al-Shabaab militants bomb telco mast - Nation Africa US won't observe Uganda's election as accreditations denied - AP Don't fund partial elections pushed by Farmaajo, Somali opposition tells donors - HOL Ethiopia warns Sudan over military build-up amid border tensions - Al Jazeera Somali group 4 Mars' music collected in Super Somali Sounds from the Gulf of Tadjoura - The Vinyl Factory Elections and instability as Africa enters 2021 - ISS Roadside blast kills 7 Kenyan soldiers in Somalia - Anadolu Agency Health for all is Somalia's answer to COVID-19 and future threats to health - WHO Somalia says kills 8 militants in southern region - Xinhua Thousands of Child Marriages in Canada Spark Concern Over Global Leadership - Reuters Somalia's international partners concerned over polls - AA	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	3,325	[ 128000, 40358, 315, 61692, 893, 1306, 3814, 304, 4379, 25502, 364, 33980, 398, 18815, 1270, 1383, 29874, 689, 4366, 588, 268, 323, 24565, 30283, 198, 84616, 939, 1176, 13015, 6880, 369, 364, 81768, 8990, 6, 1139, 4648, 315, 20409, 309, 664, 46392, 60777, 198, 83705, 309, 664, 46392, 60777, 198, 791, 46881, 1176, 13015, 706, 7633, 279, 11210, 323, 653, 81950, 4648, 315, 264, 220, 1187, 4771, 6418, 893, 505, 61692, 4207, 1306, 813, 4984, 505, 25502, 439, 330, 33980, 398, 18815, 23811, 26070, 23782, 4379, 14183, 279, 4648, 315, 20409, 309, 664, 46392, 60777, 1306, 568, 574, 12800, 2768, 264, 65858, 304, 279, 3363, 311, 279, 22765, 8410, 369, 10289, 50935, 320, 40, 3143, 34, 705, 902, 706, 11887, 459, 8990, 627, 22993, 1071, 814, 1051, 2663 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 40358, 315, 61692, 893, 1306, 3814, 304, 4379, 25502, 364, 33980, 398, 18815, 1270, 1383, 29874, 689, 4366, 588, 268, 323, 24565, 30283, 198, 84616, 939, 1176, 13015, 6880, 369, 364, 81768, 8990, 6, 1139, 4648, 315, 20409, 309, 664, 46392, 60777, 198, 83705, 309, 664, 46392, 60777, 198, 791, 46881, 1176, 13015, 706, 7633, 279, 11210, 323, 653, 81950, 4648, 315, 264, 220, 1187, 4771, 6418, 893, 505, 61692, 4207, 1306, 813, 4984, 505, 25502, 439, 330, 33980, 398, 18815, 23811, 26070, 23782, 4379, 14183, 279, 4648, 315, 20409, 309, 664, 46392, 60777, 1306, 568, 574, 12800, 2768, 264, 65858, 304, 279, 3363, 311, 279, 22765, 8410, 369, 10289, 50935, 320, 40, 3143, 34, 705, 902, 706, 11887, 459, 8990, 627, 22993, 1071, 814, 1051, 2663, -100 ]
Temping's reputation throughout Melbourne for going the extra mile with our temping automotive engineers solutions is why most hirers know and trust Temping. We do however have automotive trades specialists and a range of other temping services. Recognising that every organisation is different, Staffing's initial aim is to fully understand your unique hiring needs. Our specialist Trade Consultants look forward to delivering you Bqth short-term value whilst partnering with you to provide long-term value. We would appreciate the opportunity to gauge why our temping solutions are the 'smarter' choice. Many of Australia's top businesses rely on Staffing for their recruitment agency needs. Specialist Consultants offer expert advice to help secure the right talent to meet the needs of your operation. Staffing's services also include advice on Trade trends as well as information on expected salary rates throughout Melbourne. Our reputation for not compromising on quality is reflected by the fact that more than 50% of our temping services are sourced from client referrals. Staffing has developed a temping process which draws together high quality candidates from a range of trade backgrounds throughout Melbourne. Whether they have factory worker or mechanic background, we spend time with our candidates to understand their motivation, experience, personality and exactly what they are able to offer. We look forward to not compromising in our delivery of a recruitment agency solution you are seeking that meets your automotive engineers career or employment needs.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	4,374	[ 128000, 12427, 287, 596, 17444, 6957, 27535, 369, 2133, 279, 5066, 14929, 449, 1057, 2798, 287, 40508, 25175, 10105, 374, 3249, 1455, 305, 404, 388, 1440, 323, 7095, 20539, 287, 13, 1226, 656, 4869, 617, 40508, 31442, 35416, 323, 264, 2134, 315, 1023, 2798, 287, 3600, 627, 18398, 3876, 430, 1475, 22139, 374, 2204, 11, 17381, 287, 596, 2926, 9395, 374, 311, 7373, 3619, 701, 5016, 24009, 3966, 13, 5751, 24687, 17657, 91150, 1427, 4741, 311, 24944, 499, 426, 80, 339, 2875, 9860, 907, 24797, 70220, 449, 499, 311, 3493, 1317, 9860, 907, 13, 1226, 1053, 15763, 279, 6776, 311, 31990, 3249, 1057, 2798, 287, 10105, 527, 279, 364, 3647, 5408, 6, 5873, 627, 8607, 315, 8494, 596, 1948, 9873, 17631, 389, 17381, 287, 369, 872, 34102, 9266 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 12427, 287, 596, 17444, 6957, 27535, 369, 2133, 279, 5066, 14929, 449, 1057, 2798, 287, 40508, 25175, 10105, 374, 3249, 1455, 305, 404, 388, 1440, 323, 7095, 20539, 287, 13, 1226, 656, 4869, 617, 40508, 31442, 35416, 323, 264, 2134, 315, 1023, 2798, 287, 3600, 627, 18398, 3876, 430, 1475, 22139, 374, 2204, 11, 17381, 287, 596, 2926, 9395, 374, 311, 7373, 3619, 701, 5016, 24009, 3966, 13, 5751, 24687, 17657, 91150, 1427, 4741, 311, 24944, 499, 426, 80, 339, 2875, 9860, 907, 24797, 70220, 449, 499, 311, 3493, 1317, 9860, 907, 13, 1226, 1053, 15763, 279, 6776, 311, 31990, 3249, 1057, 2798, 287, 10105, 527, 279, 364, 3647, 5408, 6, 5873, 627, 8607, 315, 8494, 596, 1948, 9873, 17631, 389, 17381, 287, 369, 872, 34102, 9266, -100 ]
Any foreign individual or company that wants to work or to do business in the United States must carefully consider U.S. immigration laws. Also, the success of a new operation may depend on company's ability to transfer personnel to the United States. Fortunately, there are a number of visa classifications that enable foreign nationals to be employed in the United States. O-1 visa or O-1 status is available to foreign nationals who have extraordinary ability in science, art, education, business, or athletics which has been demonstrated by sustained national or international acclaim, and whose achievements have been recognized in the field through extensive documentation. Short-term work visas are available to certain people doing specialized work, including the O visa for outstanding workers in the sciences, arts, athletics, education, or business. A job offer from a U.S. employer is a basic requirement for the O visa. There is no annual limit on the number of people who can receive O visas. O-2: individuals who will accompany an O-1, artist or athlete, to assist in a specific event or performance. For an O-1A, the O-2's assistance must be an "integral part" of the O-1A's activity. For an O-1B, the O-2's assistance must be "essential" to the completion of the O-1B's production. The O-2 worker has critical skills and experience with the O-1 that cannot be readily performed by a U.S. worker and which are essential to the successful performance of the O-1. O-3: individuals who are the spouse or children of O-1's and O-2's. H-1B visa is a temporary nonimmigrant visa which allows alien professionals to work up to six years in the United States, and it also entitles the H-1B visa holder's spouse and children under the age of 21 to accompany them and legally live in the United States on an H-4 visa. The H-1B is a temporary nonimmigrant visa which allows alien professionals to work up to six years in the United States. An alien worker must leave the U.S. after six years in H-1B status. There are exceptions including those alien workers who have a Labor Certification pending for more than 365 days, or Form I-140 approved, or those who changed their status to H-4. A H-1B holder's time periods outside the U.S. may be reclaimed in requests for an extension. The H-1B applicant must have experience or education in a specialty occupation. The H-1B visa is designed to attract highly skilled professionals in a specialty occupation to work in the U.S. on a temporary basis. In an H-1B application process, the employer is the petitioner, while the alien worker is the beneficiary. The U.S. employer must offer employment in a specialty occupation, either on a full time or part time basis. A specialty occupation requires theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge. Examples of specialty occupations include engineers, nurses, professors, researchers, computer programmers, and other professionals. The educational requirement specifies that the alien possess at least a bachelor's degree or its equivalent. If the applicant was awarded the degree from an institution not located in the U.S., that degree must be evaluated to determine if it is comparable to a U.S. awarded degree. If the alien possesses a U.S. degree or its equivalent, no prior employment experience is required. The L-1 intracompany transferee visa allows managers, executives, and especially knowledgeable employees who work outside the U.S. for a company that has an affiliated entity inside the U.S. to come to the U.S. and perform services for that entity. There are no limits on how many people can get L-1 visas every year. The U.S. Congress created the L-1 nonimmigrant visa category in 1970, primarily to assist multinational companies that experienced difficulties in bringing to the United States critical personnel temporarily from abroad. To be eligible for an L-1 visa, a foreign national normally must have been employed by the foreign company continuously for at least one year during the preceding three years in a managerial or executive position, or in a position where the individual gained specialized knowledge. The individual must be coming to the United States to provide services to the same employer or a branch office, subsidiary or affiliate. For this reason, L-1 visa holders are known as intracompany transferees. Executives and managers enter the United States on an L-1A visa. Employees with specialized knowledge enter the United States on an L-1B visa. To qualify for specialized knowledge, the employee must possess special knowledge of the petitioning employer's product, service, research, equipment, techniques, management, or other interests and its application in international markets, or an advanced level of knowledge in the employer's processes and procedures. The L-1A visa enables a multinational company to transfer an executive or manager from one of its foreign offices to one of its offices in the United States. The L-1A visa also enables a foreign company which does not yet have an affiliated U.S. office to send an executive or manager to the United States with the purpose of establishing one. To apply for a L-1A visa, the employer must file a Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker with fee, on behalf of the employee. The L-1B visa enables a U.S. employer to transfer a professional employee with specialized knowledge relating to its interests from one of its affiliated foreign offices to one of its offices in the United States. The L-1B visa also enables a foreign company which does not yet have an affiliated U.S. office to send a specialized knowledge employee to the United States to help establish one. To apply for a L-1B visa, the employer must file Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker with fee, on behalf of the employee. P visa is a short-term U.S. work visa, and it consists of four classifications: P1 visa, P2 visa, P3 visa and P4 visa. The P visa classification covers aliens who are internationally recognized athletes, artists or entertainers. The P visa is available to outstanding athletes, athletic teams, and entertainment companies including circuses with a job offer from a U.S. employer. Their essential support personnel may also be granted P visas, and there is no annual limit on the number of people who can receive P visas. A short-term U.S. work visa known as the P visa is available to outstanding athletes, athletic teams, and entertainment companies (including circuses) with a job offer from a U.S. employer. Their essential support personnel may also be granted visas. There is no annual limit on the number of people who can receive P visas. P1 visa is for internationally recognized athletes and entertainers. An internationally recognized athlete traveling to the United States to compete and his or her essential support personnel can require P1 visas. P1 visa include alien athletes who compete individually or as part of a team at an internationally recognized level, and P1 visa also includes aliens who perform with or are an integral and essential part of the performance of an entertainment group that has received international recognition as outstanding for a sustained and substantial period of time. P2 visa is for artists and entertainers. It includes individuals or groups, who seek to be admitted through a reciprocal exchange program between a foreign-based and US-based organization, which are engaged in the temporary exchange of artists and entertainers. The exchange of artists or entertainers must be similar in terms of caliber of artists or entertainers, terms and conditions of employment, and number of artists or entertainers involved in the exchange. P3 visa is for culturally unique programs. An artist or entertainer who is traveling to the United States to perform, teach, or coach under a culturally unique program requires a P3 visa. P4 visa is for spouse and children of a P visa holder. P4 visa is for spouses and children under the age of 21 to travel with or follow-to-join the principal P visa alien in the United States. A Green Card applicant with extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics is eligible for treatment as a priority worker in the EB1 category. Individuals who qualify for this category as persons with extraordinary ability can waive both the Labor Certification and offer of employment requirements. The extraordinary ability category does not require a job offer or a U.S. employer's sponsorship. Therefore, no labor certification is required. Consequently, aliens can apply for themselves without the assistance of an employer. However, it will be important for the alien to establish that he or she will continue to work in the area of his/her specialty in United States. EB1 Outstanding Researcher or Professor immigrant application is in the employment-based immigration visa first preference (EB1 visa) category known as EB-1B. If a foreign national has an international reputation for being outstanding in a particular academic field, that person may, with an offer of work from a U.S. employer, qualify for a Green Card as a priority worker within the outstanding professors and researchers subcategory. The foreign national will have to show at least three years experience at either teaching or research in the relevant academic field. EB1 Multinational Executive or Manager immigrant application is in the employment-based immigration visa first preference (EB1 visa) category known as EB-1C or L1A green card. In order to qualify as a multinational executive or manager under this category, during the three years preceding the application, the applicant must have been employed for at least one year by the same multinational firm or other business entity (affiliate, parent, subsidiary, or branch of the U.S. employer) that employs them in the United States. Furthermore, the applicant must seek to continue rendering services to the same employer in a managerial or executive capacity. The labor certification is not required for international managers and executives. The EB-1C petition requires the individual to have a permanent job offer from the U.S. company to work in an executive or managerial position. 7. A request from an interested U.S. government agency or improving international cultural understanding. Typically, alien applicants should establish themselves as having some unique and exceptional skill, experience, or knowledge, that sets them apart from their professional peers. Documents stating that he or she only possesses a certain level of competence will not be sufficient to receive a National Interest Waiver approval. 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Best Steam Summer Sale Deals: Day 5 In the Steam pipe, £5 by $5. Feature by Ben Barrett Contributor What are the best Steam Summer Sale deals? Each day for the duration of the sale, we'll be offering our picks - based on price, what we like, and what we think more people should play. Read on for the five best deals from day 5 of the sale. As we move into the fifth day of the sale I've finally managed to close the minigame that was somehow taking all my attention despite playing itself and being quite boring. I really do enjoy watching numbers go up - great for playing games, awful for attention spans. It's a distraction I can't afford with all these lovely conferences to watch and get exited about/despair for the future of games. I'm doing one or both of those at EA's right now. But you're not here for musings on clicker games and business, you're here for (timed, because those are the only sort you should buy until day 11) deals! 5. Bioshock Triple Pack 85% off: $10.48 / £5.99 / €8.24, Store page Whatever you may think of the first sequel, the second sequel or the original, there's very likely at least one game in the Bioshock trinity you'll enjoy. They're great shooters, great worlds and occasionally great stories. If you've got this far spoiler free, you're in for a helluva ride. Here's all our thoughts on the franchise. 4. The Long Dark 50% off: $9.99 / £7.49 / €9.99, Store page One of the prettier survive-the-wilderness 'em ups, it's set in a frozen wasteland that doesn't have many traces of humanity left in it. A wonderful art style and regular updates set it apart from its peers. John has taken regular trips to its snowy climbs and we found the footage. Meanwhile Quinns has also been doing video on it, devoting his fourth COGWATCH to the game. Prefer words? Here's what Duncan Geere had to say. 3. Crusader Kings II Grand strategy in both scale and complexity. Paradox's finest work has a huge following and a massive amount of official expansion and mods. If you need a new time sink, and have a little patience, it will happily consume every moment you have with medieval europe politicking and war-making. Adam thinks it's the third best strategy of all time and he's written so much about it we're worried he's just a copy of Crusader Kings 2 that's become sentient and grown small legs. 2. Gang Beasts 33% off: $13.39 / £8.03 / €13.39, Store page An indie fighting game about jelly babies murdering each other as violently as possible. It's known to gather crowds around its four player physics 'n' traps arenas at gaming events as they cheer for more gooey death. You can also throw your friends off a ferris wheel, a secret dream we all know about but are too afraid to mention to you. Here's Adam's thoughts and what horrors Brendy saw at the Wild Rumpus when it was on show. 1. Divinity: Original Sin 33% off: $26.79 / £20.09 / €26.79, Store page Arguably the most well-received and successful crowdfunded game actually released, the two-character RPG has all the fantasy trappings. It combines full-on RPG character building, conversations and changeable worlds with the ability to play co-op with a friend. We thought it was the best Kickstarter of last year which Adam somewhat predicted in his glowing review. Adam also had a chat with developers Larian about the upcoming Enhanced Edition, which will be a free upgrade for those who already own it. Comments wise, it was pointed out that at three quid you can do a lot worse than Left 4 Dead 2, if you happen not to own it. It isn't a timed deal, but you're cutting pennies at this point. I'd recommend grabbing 3-7 friends and making a few nights of working through it in co-op or versus. You'll save a couple of bob on the four pack too. While I'm recommending untimed deals, Uplink is 89 pence. There's also a big ol' sale on Civilization 3, 4, 5 and Beyond Earth. I didn't mention it yesterday because Beyond Earth was a bit disappointing, but the other games in the series are very solid and if you're a sci-fi empire-building fan, it might be worth looking into anyway. Here's our review if you're tempted, and Alec's interview with the devs of the upcoming expansion. I thought it would be pretty easy to keep coming up with these but the internet isn't as funny as I thought. Curse you, internet. Anyway, this: Divinity: Original Sin Steam Summer Sale 2015 Ben Barrett The Sunday Papers What are we all playing this weekend? Have you played... Kardboard Kings? Supporters only: Pizza Tower is a bizarre homage to Wario Land that really makes me laugh Forspoken: PC performance and the best settings to use Supporters only: A sinister galactic death march powers Power of Ten's roguelike shooting Like A Dragon: Ishin almost made me cry, then I raced chickens to dry my tears Before Dead Space, Isaac Clarke had quite the cursed CV	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	3,015	[ 128000, 14809, 22578, 19367, 13618, 42282, 25, 6187, 220, 20, 198, 644, 279, 22578, 13961, 11, 7083, 20, 555, 400, 20, 627, 14180, 555, 7505, 56859, 65824, 198, 3923, 527, 279, 1888, 22578, 19367, 13618, 12789, 30, 9062, 1938, 369, 279, 8250, 315, 279, 6412, 11, 584, 3358, 387, 10209, 1057, 22657, 482, 3196, 389, 3430, 11, 1148, 584, 1093, 11, 323, 1148, 584, 1781, 810, 1274, 1288, 1514, 13, 4557, 389, 369, 279, 4330, 1888, 12789, 505, 1938, 220, 20, 315, 279, 6412, 627, 2170, 584, 3351, 1139, 279, 18172, 1938, 315, 279, 6412, 358, 3077, 5616, 9152, 311, 3345, 279, 1332, 343, 373, 430, 574, 17354, 4737, 682, 856, 6666, 8994, 5737, 5196, 323, 1694, 5115, 28859, 13, 358, 2216, 656, 4774, 10307, 5219, 733, 709 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 14809, 22578, 19367, 13618, 42282, 25, 6187, 220, 20, 198, 644, 279, 22578, 13961, 11, 7083, 20, 555, 400, 20, 627, 14180, 555, 7505, 56859, 65824, 198, 3923, 527, 279, 1888, 22578, 19367, 13618, 12789, 30, 9062, 1938, 369, 279, 8250, 315, 279, 6412, 11, 584, 3358, 387, 10209, 1057, 22657, 482, 3196, 389, 3430, 11, 1148, 584, 1093, 11, 323, 1148, 584, 1781, 810, 1274, 1288, 1514, 13, 4557, 389, 369, 279, 4330, 1888, 12789, 505, 1938, 220, 20, 315, 279, 6412, 627, 2170, 584, 3351, 1139, 279, 18172, 1938, 315, 279, 6412, 358, 3077, 5616, 9152, 311, 3345, 279, 1332, 343, 373, 430, 574, 17354, 4737, 682, 856, 6666, 8994, 5737, 5196, 323, 1694, 5115, 28859, 13, 358, 2216, 656, 4774, 10307, 5219, 733, 709, -100 ]
Top 12 Free Email Marketing Tools To Grow Your Business January 14, 2022 vaibhav kakkar Digital Marketing, Email Marketing Email Marketing tools comprise the software that enables a business to communicate information about the developments and other news relating to the product or service to your leads and customers. They are the main elements of successful email marketing campaigns. Free Email marketing tools if used judiciously can help a business to grow and prosper immensely. Email Marketing tools are an invaluable asset to small and medium business houses. They are economical and help SMEs to maintain and grow their business with limited resources. They assist in the entire process of an email marketing campaign from scratch. An email marketing tool helps in creating and sending messages, taking the utmost care to optimize the process for maximum success. Email Marketing was one of the first ways to market a product or service online. It existed long before other marketing channels like social media, responsive web pages, Online display advertising, and Search Engine Marketing (SEM). So, one might feel that it is an obsolete way of marketing your product online. But that is a faulty notion. That is because Email Marketing remains one of the most effective ways of marketing and informing about your brand and its features. Why Is Email Marketing still relevant even after all these years? Emails have a few characteristics that are unique to themselves. That renders them indispensable for a person who uses the net for their personal or professional needs. The life of an email is perpetual. Some people use the same email for more than 15 years. They are functional and get all the things done. Moreover, it is much simpler to use than other modes of digital marketing and people of all ages are accustomed to using emails to get their work done. Emails are still a reliable medium for communication. Recent studies have confirmed that business houses still count on email marketing to get their message across. The ROI on email marketing is so high it becomes one of the most dependable modes of digital marketing campaigns. Interested in learning about Lead Generation? Enroll in the Best Digital Marketing Course? In fact, according to a Hubspot study, more than 85% of B2B marketers depend on email marketing to promote their business. We have several Email marketing tools to take care of the needs of our business. Some of the features on these tools are free but you need to shell out money to use the additional services. The free versions come with a variety of features that are more than adequate for beginners and small and medium start-ups. Here we are going to discuss the 12 free email marketing tools that you can use to effectively implement your email marketing campaign. The Best 12 Free Email Marketing Tools To Optimise Your Emailmarketing Campaign Are As Follows: SendPulse is one of the finest free email marketing tools that give you access to a plethora of their features for free. You can have a free plan with up to 2500 subscribers. You can send 15000 emails per month for free. SendPulse has several appealing email templates(more than 100) in 8 categories that you can choose from. It helps you to create your own templates using the drag and drop feature. You have access to Email scheduler, Subscription forms, Automation360 that is limited to 5 events in the free version, A/B testing, Resend with different subject lines for unopened emails, segmentation, and personalization. You also have access to Drag and Drop editor. It enables you to send an email campaign to numerous mailing lists. Additionally, you can create innovative Gif images for your campaign and access HTML Editor. The free version has a very useful feature of statistics and reports analyses of different metrics. You can track the number of opened emails, delivered, clicking rate, errors, emails that have been marked as spam, and also the list of unsubscribed users. This can give you insights into your campaign performance. Rectifying the mistakes and optimizing your Strategy becomes easier that way. Basic Autoresponders, transactional Emails, web push notifications are allowed in the free version. To sum it up, SendPulse should be one of the prime picks for multichannel marketers and people who want to start with a comprehensive free email marketing plan. Once you gain experience you can move on to the premium plans for better services and features. Learn to formulate the Best Emails with The Top Content Writing Course. You can also check out these courses Mailerlite is again one of the most used free email marketing tools. It offers quite a lot of distinctive features in its free plan. The free plan comes with 1000 subscribers with no cap on the number of emails that you can send out. Mailerlite also comes with automation, landing pages, web forms, reporting though it is limited. There are basic structural templates for your use and it provides email support. It has a clean and simplifies user interface that is a great advantage for beginners and experts as well. It allows you to design your landing page on your own domain as well as domains hosted by Mailerlite. Hubspot Email Marketing Hubspot is one of the leading free email marketing tools with its amazing free plan that allows up to a million subscribers and 2000 emails per month. They have the Hubspot CRM(Customer Relationship Management) feature which is available to all users. You can personalize your emails with a separate name and company name for the personal element that we so strive to achieve in our marketing efforts. Any email marketing tool that comes with a CRM feature is a boon for a business that's looking to grow. It allows us to reach out to customers and leads through tracking website activity and web-form submissions. Hubspot also comes with Webforms and Email analysis report that enables you to optimize your email for maximum reach and impact. You also have their branding in your emails that helps you gain from the goodwill that Hubspot enjoys in the digital world. Mailchimp is a one of the most popular free email marketing tools for small and medium-sized business houses. The free plan offers up to 10000 email sends per month and 2000 subscribers. Some of its important features available for the free version is list management, reporting for emails, A/B testing, contact profiles, mobile features, etc. Mailchimp integrates with e-commerce software and WordPress. You have the option of a variety of templates that you can choose from. It integrates with your landing page with an engaging CTA. You can also incorporate it into a new WordPress page for your visitors. Mailchimp's automation feature comes with product recommendations, abandoned cart messages. We have discussed how effective abandoned cart messages help in turning leads to prospective consumers. It also helps in creating appealing welcome campaigns that work to build your reputation in the long run. It is one of the most recommended free email marketing tools by experienced marketers. Mailjet is one of the best free email marketing tools that give you the benefit of unlimited subscribers. The free version allows access to advanced email editors, web call-back features, and advanced report analysis. You not only get unlimited contacts but also an analytics dashboard, delivery reports, and dashboards as well as quick customer support. The tool is convenient to maneuver around. You won't have issues with the user interface. The free Mailjet version allows for sending 200 emails per day which is quite good for someone starting out. Once your business starts growing, you can upgrade to their premium plan that has no cap on per day sending limits with a 30000 email limit. Omnisend is one of the most convenient email marketing tools that you can use for small businesses and new set-ups. They are mostly focused on e-commerce. They come with a variety of features that help in kickstarting your new venture. The free version allows for important features like website tracking and A/B split testing of landing pages. It also allows for 15000 emails per month and 2000 emails per day if you are on the free plan. They are a trusted brand for top e-commerce brands. Omnisend can help you in building a good list of subscribers initially. Then you can always choose from an assortment of premium plans to upgrade for better benefits. They include automation workflows, Interactive email elements, Sign up forms, appealing pop-ups and discount codes, Google Customer Match, Facebook Custom audience, and so on. ExpressPigeon ExpressPigeon is one of the most powerful email marketing platforms that are best for businesses that have a concise list of contacts but are a high priority. The free plan allows up to 1000 emails for 500 subscribers but one user. The main quality of ExpressPigeon is that the free version gives you access to all of the prime features that are available for this email marketing tool. You can effortlessly send high-volume emails, personalize emails, automated email responses. Express pigeon is known to be one of the best platforms that have an amazing customer support system. It is consistent, dependable, and has a high customer satisfaction rate. Moreover, it is efficient and very easy to use. You have several templates to choose from and they are quite satisfactory even in the free version. There is a clear design and has a variety of tools to optimize and organize your lists, providing you with a great experience. You have Quick send, Autosave, Segmentation, powerful APIs, web forms, A/B testing, and RSS-Email integration. Moosend gives you the advantage of sending unlimited emails that can work great for you when your business is new or has seen a sudden spike and you need to reach out to your leads and customers. It, however, has a cap on the number of subscribers. You can have around 1000 subscribers in its free plan. The free version allows you to make use of all the amazing features that it has to offer. Since it gives you access to all the areas of the application, it is probably one of the best marketing tools to start with. It comes with automation triggers for emails, list segmentation, drag, and drop editing feature. Real-time analytics help in assessing what your consumer needs. That way you can work your emails around their preferences thereby making a positive impact. Moosend has a great brand value among its users. The support feature is very well appreciated. One of the key characteristics is Moosend doesn't use their own branding in your emails. That is probably the unique feature of Moosend that only comes with this email marketing tool. You can easily maneuver the tool and it's easy to implement. SendInBlue has restricted access to the features in the email marketing tool. You can choose from several templates available, A/B testing, Contact management, Web forms, and basic analysis and reporting. It allows for unlimited subscribers or contacts. You can send up to 9000 emails per month but the daily limit is 300 and can also use their workflow editor. SendInBlue is a very reputed brand in the world of email marketing tools. It has its branding on its email marketing features which definitely helps for your goodwill to your subscribers and leads. Some of its great features that are available for free are Heat Mapping, Integrations with different platforms like Intercom And Shopify. You can control the tool from a plug-in from a WordPress dashboard effectively. Zoho Campaigns come with a lot of features on the free plan but the features are all limited. You get access to A/B split testing, templates(limited), and reports. It comes with Customer Relationship Management. It has a very powerful admin control plan with a simple user interface but the convenience of use. The free version comes with 1TB storage and 5GB free on a personal account. Zoho's suite also comes with labels and a comprehensive search element along with IMAP and POP access. What are IMAC and POP access? IMAP allows you to access email from all devices. IMAP services allow you to read emails from the email service without having to download them. POP can be accessed from that one device that you choose to download your emails to…for example your laptop or phone…you can't choose both. Zoho comes with 12000 emails per month for up to 2000 subscribers. Zoho is one of the most popular platforms for businesses. A downside is that it requires customization before sending emails which might seem a little complex for beginners. It integrates its email services with CRM to provide maximum value to your business. Benchmark is regarded as one of the best free email marketing tools to effectively promote your brand. It allows for 2000 subscribers and their email limit per month is also quite generous. You can send 14000 emails per month. The free version has a lot of similarities with Mailchimp. It gives you prime features and the look is clean and smooth. You can utilize the features of web forms, List management. You can access the drag and drop editor. It is meant for businesses that have a steady growth. Their professional-looking emails are appealing and help to engage with the consumers. The free version also allows for tracking via Google Analytics. You can analyze your performance based on the reports and take necessary steps to address issues if any. You can use the drip campaign feature(basic) to nurture leads and turn them into conversions. It comes with polls and surveys that are included in the free tier along with integration with several applications. You can also custom code your emails according to your requirement. The user interface is easy. Contacts can't be imported. Therefore, you have to rely on the forms that subscribers fill in on your emails. Sender is another of the top free email marketing tools if you are new to email marketing. They give you the benefit of having up to 2500 subscribers. You can send up to 15000 emails per month which is a considerable amount. It is a simple email marketing application that comes with some very useful features in its free version. You can access the use of Autoresponders and transactional emails. They come with automation and web forms. You can also access their push notifications feature. It is an optimum tool for eCommerce. If you consider all the factors, then Sender is one of the best free email marketing tools that you can start with. Email octopus (Primarily a Newsletter Tool) Email octopus is a novel email marketing platform that uses Amazon's email services (SES) to send out emails for less price. It facilitates a cost-effective email service without compromising on deliverability and efficiency. You can have up to 2500 subscribers. You can send up to 10000 emails. It has a convenient user interface to work with and creates rich HTML emails with perfect designs. It is one of the most useful tools for simple newsletters. You have many templates to work You can integrate them with hundreds of products and services for optimized use of its features… The free version which is very interestingly referred to as the "Shrimp" version allows for sending statistics stored for 90 days, email support, Campaigns but no automation. It has very helpful customer support and is intuitive in nature nd is regarded as one of the best free email marketing tools. A quick tip Use a grammar and vocabulary checking app like Hemingway App or Grammarly to construct your emails properly before sending them. They can always detect overlooked grammatical errors and mistakes and can help you optimize your content for optimum impact. Integrate one of these tools with your email marketing tool and send out well-crafted personalized emails that make a great impact on your leads and conversions. Conclusion thoughts on the best free email marketing tools These are the various free email marketing tools in the market that you can choose from. When you are new to a business you would want to start with the basic features of an email application to get noticed. The advantage of these email tools is that you can choose their services according to your business needs. It isn't compulsory to go with the same tool time and again even when your business requires something different. They are flexible and their pro version features can be easily integrated with your business. Email marketing tools help you in providing concise, pleasant-looking emails to your leads and consumers for better customer interaction. Some of them come with an additional CRM feature that helps you to create focused emails to nurture leads, interact with them and turn them into conversions. January 6, 2022 Digital Marketing, Knowledge, Skill Development Digital Marketing Fundamentals in 2022 October 30, 2021 Digital Marketing, Social Media How to Use Instagram Reels for Business in 2021 January 1, 2022 Digital Marketing, Knowledge Online Vs Offline Digital Marketing Course The Importance Of Digital Marketing In 2021 January 14, 2022 Digital Marketing Top 15 Digital Marketing Agencies in India In 2022 (Updated) Benefits of Social Media Marketing in 2022 Top 5 Facebook Marketing courses in Mumbai in 2022 January 16, 2022 Digital Marketing, Institute List Top 10 Digital Marketing Courses In Siliguri With Placements January 3, 2022 Content Marketing, Digital Marketing, Knowledge Learn How Digital Marketing Can Save Low Budget Business?	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	2,287	[ 128000, 5479, 220, 717, 3658, 8463, 18729, 14173, 2057, 47660, 4718, 8184, 198, 33327, 220, 975, 11, 220, 2366, 17, 11412, 581, 71, 402, 96501, 29234, 14434, 18729, 11, 8463, 18729, 198, 4886, 18729, 7526, 54350, 279, 3241, 430, 20682, 264, 2626, 311, 19570, 2038, 922, 279, 26006, 323, 1023, 3754, 23343, 311, 279, 2027, 477, 2532, 311, 701, 11767, 323, 6444, 13, 2435, 527, 279, 1925, 5540, 315, 6992, 2613, 8661, 21343, 13, 3658, 8463, 8661, 7526, 422, 1511, 5860, 9824, 398, 649, 1520, 264, 2626, 311, 3139, 323, 29761, 63689, 627, 4886, 18729, 7526, 527, 459, 56193, 9513, 311, 2678, 323, 11298, 2626, 15316, 13, 2435, 527, 60618, 323, 1520, 79867, 82, 311, 10519, 323, 3139, 872, 2626, 449, 7347, 5070, 13, 2435, 7945, 304, 279 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 5479, 220, 717, 3658, 8463, 18729, 14173, 2057, 47660, 4718, 8184, 198, 33327, 220, 975, 11, 220, 2366, 17, 11412, 581, 71, 402, 96501, 29234, 14434, 18729, 11, 8463, 18729, 198, 4886, 18729, 7526, 54350, 279, 3241, 430, 20682, 264, 2626, 311, 19570, 2038, 922, 279, 26006, 323, 1023, 3754, 23343, 311, 279, 2027, 477, 2532, 311, 701, 11767, 323, 6444, 13, 2435, 527, 279, 1925, 5540, 315, 6992, 2613, 8661, 21343, 13, 3658, 8463, 8661, 7526, 422, 1511, 5860, 9824, 398, 649, 1520, 264, 2626, 311, 3139, 323, 29761, 63689, 627, 4886, 18729, 7526, 527, 459, 56193, 9513, 311, 2678, 323, 11298, 2626, 15316, 13, 2435, 527, 60618, 323, 1520, 79867, 82, 311, 10519, 323, 3139, 872, 2626, 449, 7347, 5070, 13, 2435, 7945, 304, 279, -100 ]
Mythology : Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes, 75th Anniversary Illustrated Edition Since its original publication by Little, Brown and Company in 1942, Edith Hamilton's Mythology has sold millions of copies throughout the word and established itself as a perennial bestseller in its various available formats: hardcover, trade paperback, mass market paperback, and e-book. For 75 years readers have chosen this book above all others to discover the thrilling, enchanting, and fascinating world of Western mythology-from Odysseus's adventure-filled journey to the Norse god Odin's effort to postpone the final day of doom. This exciting new deluxe, large-format hardcover edition, published in celebration of the book's 75th anniversary, will be beautifully packages and fully-illustrated throughout with all-new, specially commissioned four-color art, making it a true collector's item. Download Mythology : Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes, 75th Anniversary Illustrated Edit (9780316438520).pdf, available at daleannepotter.com for free. Edith Hamilton, Jim Tierney Hardback \| 384 pages 186 x 238 x 42mm \| 1,400g Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers Inc Deluxe, Illustrated, Anniversary 25 colour and black-and-white illustrations Tales of Norse Mythology (Barnes & Noble Omnibus Leatherbound Classics) Helen A. Guerber The Complete World of Greek Mythology R.G.A. Buxton The Library of Greek Mythology Apollodorus	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	7,068	[ 128000, 5159, 339, 2508, 551, 4212, 1752, 54955, 315, 44875, 323, 38099, 11, 220, 2075, 339, 47898, 71161, 14398, 198, 12834, 1202, 4113, 17009, 555, 15013, 11, 10690, 323, 8351, 304, 220, 6393, 17, 11, 3279, 411, 24051, 596, 47595, 2508, 706, 6216, 11990, 315, 11236, 6957, 279, 3492, 323, 9749, 5196, 439, 264, 74718, 1888, 35199, 304, 1202, 5370, 2561, 20447, 25, 2653, 3773, 11, 6696, 86831, 11, 3148, 3157, 86831, 11, 323, 384, 34740, 13, 1789, 220, 2075, 1667, 13016, 617, 12146, 420, 2363, 3485, 682, 3885, 311, 7142, 279, 57399, 11, 48025, 287, 11, 323, 27387, 1917, 315, 11104, 59492, 39151, 25578, 1065, 325, 355, 596, 18427, 44518, 11879, 311, 279, 94614, 10087, 92173, 596, 5149, 311, 95758, 279, 1620, 1938, 315, 59714, 13, 1115 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 5159, 339, 2508, 551, 4212, 1752, 54955, 315, 44875, 323, 38099, 11, 220, 2075, 339, 47898, 71161, 14398, 198, 12834, 1202, 4113, 17009, 555, 15013, 11, 10690, 323, 8351, 304, 220, 6393, 17, 11, 3279, 411, 24051, 596, 47595, 2508, 706, 6216, 11990, 315, 11236, 6957, 279, 3492, 323, 9749, 5196, 439, 264, 74718, 1888, 35199, 304, 1202, 5370, 2561, 20447, 25, 2653, 3773, 11, 6696, 86831, 11, 3148, 3157, 86831, 11, 323, 384, 34740, 13, 1789, 220, 2075, 1667, 13016, 617, 12146, 420, 2363, 3485, 682, 3885, 311, 7142, 279, 57399, 11, 48025, 287, 11, 323, 27387, 1917, 315, 11104, 59492, 39151, 25578, 1065, 325, 355, 596, 18427, 44518, 11879, 311, 279, 94614, 10087, 92173, 596, 5149, 311, 95758, 279, 1620, 1938, 315, 59714, 13, 1115, -100 ]
This children insect shaped sofa with matching ottoman is a fun and multi-functional addition to any kids room. It makes a great reading seat or you can put your feet on the ottoman when watching TV. Kids can kick back in the chair form and use the accompanying ottoman to rest their feet after a long day of playing. When you don't use it, just combine ottoman with chair. It extremely save your room space. It is ideal for any children bedroom or playroom! The comfortable material makes the children enjoy sitting. Get one for your kids. They will love it!	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	245	[ 128000, 2028, 2911, 27080, 27367, 32169, 449, 12864, 54022, 7053, 374, 264, 2523, 323, 7447, 99616, 5369, 311, 904, 6980, 3130, 13, 1102, 3727, 264, 2294, 5403, 10954, 477, 499, 649, 2231, 701, 7693, 389, 279, 54022, 7053, 994, 10307, 6007, 627, 70533, 649, 10536, 1203, 304, 279, 10716, 1376, 323, 1005, 279, 24442, 54022, 7053, 311, 2800, 872, 7693, 1306, 264, 1317, 1938, 315, 5737, 13, 3277, 499, 1541, 956, 1005, 433, 11, 1120, 16343, 54022, 7053, 449, 10716, 13, 1102, 9193, 3665, 701, 3130, 3634, 13, 1102, 374, 10728, 369, 904, 2911, 14150, 477, 1514, 3039, 4999, 791, 10882, 3769, 3727, 279, 2911, 4774, 11961, 13, 2175, 832, 369, 701, 6980, 13, 2435, 690, 3021, 433, 0, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 2028, 2911, 27080, 27367, 32169, 449, 12864, 54022, 7053, 374, 264, 2523, 323, 7447, 99616, 5369, 311, 904, 6980, 3130, 13, 1102, 3727, 264, 2294, 5403, 10954, 477, 499, 649, 2231, 701, 7693, 389, 279, 54022, 7053, 994, 10307, 6007, 627, 70533, 649, 10536, 1203, 304, 279, 10716, 1376, 323, 1005, 279, 24442, 54022, 7053, 311, 2800, 872, 7693, 1306, 264, 1317, 1938, 315, 5737, 13, 3277, 499, 1541, 956, 1005, 433, 11, 1120, 16343, 54022, 7053, 449, 10716, 13, 1102, 9193, 3665, 701, 3130, 3634, 13, 1102, 374, 10728, 369, 904, 2911, 14150, 477, 1514, 3039, 4999, 791, 10882, 3769, 3727, 279, 2911, 4774, 11961, 13, 2175, 832, 369, 701, 6980, 13, 2435, 690, 3021, 433, 0, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
Tue., May 31, 2016, 12:46 p.m. WASHINGTON – After carefully avoiding any involvement in the Democratic presidential primary, California Gov. Jerry Brown dropped his neutrality – and looked past his bitter history with the Clintons – to endorse Hillary Clinton on Tuesday. In an open letter to Democrats and independents, Brown urged voters who do not want to see a Donald Trump presidency to stop the infighting and rally behind Clinton, the Democratic front-runner. Brown said Clinton has made a persuasive case that she is capable of pushing forward a progressive agenda, and her lead over rival Bernie Sanders is so large at this point that the insurgent Vermonter no longer stands any realistic chance of winning the nomination. The endorsement comes as a recent poll showed Sanders and Clinton in a dead heat in California, which holds its primary June 7. Clinton cut short a planned campaign swing through New Jersey so she could get back to California by Thursday and hit the stump for several days. It was that year that Brown played a role not unlike the role Sanders is playing now, running as the outsider against the establishment, demanding the Democratic Party move in a more leftward direction and refusing to yield to the front-runner at a time party leaders were eager for unity. The uneasiness still had not subsided by the time Brown had launched his campaign for governor, in 2010. His GOP rival at the time, Meg Whitman, quoted Bill Clinton to make her case that Brown had raised taxes during his first stint as governor. Brown responded by pointing out that Bill Clinton lied about his philandering in the White House, mocking Clinton's notorious "I did not have sexual relations with that woman" line. Brown later apologized. And Bill Clinton ultimately endorsed his gubernatorial bid that year. The governor worked hard to stay on the sidelines after Hillary Clinton launched her White House bid last year. But he eventually invited former President Clinton to visit him in the refurbished governor's mansion. The two denied talking about Hillary Clinton's White House run, but they didn't need to have that conversation. It was obvious that was why they were burying the hatchet. There are any number of reasons why it is a smart move, politically, for Brown to throw his support behind Clinton at this point, regardless of whether animosity between the two big personalities remains. California needs an ally in the White House. The Sanders run has become quixotic. Trump's agenda could be more disruptive to California than any other state. The presumptive GOP nominee is looking to roll back many of the California policies that Brown's legacy has been built on, particularly those involving rights for migrant workers and combating climate change. Trump "has called climate change a 'hoax,'" Brown warned in his letter. "He has promised to deport millions of immigrants and ominously suggested that other countries may need the nuclear bomb. "I want to be sure it is Hillary Clinton who takes the oath of office, not Donald Trump," Brown wrote. 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Now Get Upto 45% Off On Women's Handpicked Outfits Collection As Display On The Deal Page. No Coupon Code Required To Get This Offer. Products Listed Are Already Discounted & May Vary From Product To Product. Visit The Landing Page For More Details.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	4,613	[ 128000, 7184, 2175, 549, 59091, 220, 1774, 4, 4206, 1952, 11215, 596, 8704, 94599, 4470, 30322, 11348, 1666, 10848, 1952, 578, 27359, 5874, 13, 2360, 46030, 6247, 12948, 2057, 2175, 1115, 25510, 13, 15899, 69548, 8886, 40612, 33759, 291, 612, 3297, 650, 661, 5659, 5761, 2057, 5761, 13, 19545, 578, 47524, 5874, 1789, 4497, 12589, 13, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 7184, 2175, 549, 59091, 220, 1774, 4, 4206, 1952, 11215, 596, 8704, 94599, 4470, 30322, 11348, 1666, 10848, 1952, 578, 27359, 5874, 13, 2360, 46030, 6247, 12948, 2057, 2175, 1115, 25510, 13, 15899, 69548, 8886, 40612, 33759, 291, 612, 3297, 650, 661, 5659, 5761, 2057, 5761, 13, 19545, 578, 47524, 5874, 1789, 4497, 12589, 13, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
Список населённых пунктов, существовавших на территории Старицкого района Тверской области России. Литература Тверская деревня. Старицкий район: Энциклопедия российских деревень. — Старица, 2007. ISBN 978-5-91229-007-7 (Издательство «Старицкая типография»). Старицкий	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia" }	9,665	[ 128000, 19871, 127746, 101465, 12394, 104559, 44786, 118810, 101531, 11, 109034, 6856, 18226, 102015, 13373, 117815, 102101, 101706, 10589, 102014, 115209, 51418, 49284, 101469, 104952, 108190, 382, 65014, 9542, 119669, 720, 35095, 49284, 102989, 105349, 40251, 13, 102101, 101706, 10589, 100457, 104726, 25, 81529, 125290, 40231, 119334, 104901, 105349, 52429, 13, 4194, 2345, 102101, 101706, 87994, 11, 220, 1049, 22, 13, 34526, 220, 17272, 12, 20, 12, 22750, 1682, 12, 11194, 12, 22, 320, 31274, 107179, 60990, 100875, 12769, 74598, 101706, 10589, 101380, 64933, 114173, 13289, 3677, 74598, 101706, 10589, 100457, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 19871, 127746, 101465, 12394, 104559, 44786, 118810, 101531, 11, 109034, 6856, 18226, 102015, 13373, 117815, 102101, 101706, 10589, 102014, 115209, 51418, 49284, 101469, 104952, 108190, 382, 65014, 9542, 119669, 720, 35095, 49284, 102989, 105349, 40251, 13, 102101, 101706, 10589, 100457, 104726, 25, 81529, 125290, 40231, 119334, 104901, 105349, 52429, 13, 4194, 2345, 102101, 101706, 87994, 11, 220, 1049, 22, 13, 34526, 220, 17272, 12, 20, 12, 22750, 1682, 12, 11194, 12, 22, 320, 31274, 107179, 60990, 100875, 12769, 74598, 101706, 10589, 101380, 64933, 114173, 13289, 3677, 74598, 101706, 10589, 100457, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
Marvel and Capcom Square Off on Xbox Live Arcade! It's about damn time. Arguably one of the most popular titles among hardcore fighting game fanatics, Marvel Vs. Capcom 2 is now available on Xbox Live Arcade. The cost? 1200 Microsoft Points ($15.00). The updated title features competitive online play, widescreen support and enhanced HD graphics. But why is this re-release of a nine-year-old game so hotly anticipated? That can probably be attributed to its robust character roster, featuring 56 fighters from the Marvel and Capcom ranks, pitting Street Fighter brawlers such as Ryu, Chun-Li and Guile against comic book icons such as Spider-Man, Captain America and Iron Man. Coupled with three-on-three tag-team gameplay and a control scheme that is as simple to learn as it is difficult to master, it's easy to see why Xbox 360 owners have been clamoring for an update. If you're a longtime fan and aren't too keen on spending more cash on a game you already own, consider that Capcom is likely testing the waters to see if the demand is there for a brand-new third game. After Street Fighter IV turned out better than we were all expecting, I think we can all get behind the idea of more Capcom fighting goodness. PlayStation 3 owners will be able to purchase the title through the Playstation Network on August 13. Posted at 11:20 AM Labels: Capcom, Marvel Comics, Street Fighter, Xbox 360, Xbox Live Confirmed: Ridley Scott Returns to Direct Alien Pr... Star Wars Concert Series Begins October 1 Stark Raving Mad: Iron Man Steals the Show at Comi... Gary Oldman Says Next Batman Film Could Begin Shoo... Sam Raimi to Direct World of Warcraft Film Watchmen: Director's Cut Arrives on DVD and Blu-ray Latest Harry Potter Sequel Breaks Midnight Sales R... Natalie Portman Cast in Thor Movie Ryan Reynolds Is Green Lantern in Upcoming Film Do You Like Your Toast on the Dark Side? Spider-Man 4 Script Changes Hands Once Again Ice Age 3 Ties Transformers 2 Over Holiday Weekend Okay, Now They're Doing a View-Master Movie Live-Action Star Wars TV Show Enters Pre-Productio... Universal Wins Bidding War Over Asteroids Adaptation Sigourney Weaver Has No Plans to Appear in Upcomin...	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	3,399	[ 128000, 83676, 323, 94653, 15992, 4206, 389, 21222, 11406, 65307, 4999, 2181, 596, 922, 27860, 892, 13, 7793, 32764, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 5526, 15671, 4315, 27702, 11039, 1847, 8571, 29470, 11, 22883, 44082, 13, 94653, 220, 17, 374, 1457, 2561, 389, 21222, 11406, 65307, 13, 578, 2853, 30, 220, 4364, 15, 5210, 21387, 1746, 868, 13, 410, 570, 578, 6177, 2316, 4519, 15022, 2930, 1514, 11, 23865, 2240, 1862, 323, 24872, 12445, 14515, 627, 4071, 3249, 374, 420, 312, 45824, 315, 264, 11888, 4771, 6418, 1847, 779, 4106, 398, 30199, 30, 3011, 649, 4762, 387, 30706, 311, 1202, 22514, 3752, 22162, 11, 16850, 220, 3487, 24080, 505, 279, 22883, 323, 94653, 21467, 11, 281, 15154, 6825, 42667, 293, 1059, 9438, 1778, 439, 99331, 11, 90454, 8288, 72 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 83676, 323, 94653, 15992, 4206, 389, 21222, 11406, 65307, 4999, 2181, 596, 922, 27860, 892, 13, 7793, 32764, 832, 315, 279, 1455, 5526, 15671, 4315, 27702, 11039, 1847, 8571, 29470, 11, 22883, 44082, 13, 94653, 220, 17, 374, 1457, 2561, 389, 21222, 11406, 65307, 13, 578, 2853, 30, 220, 4364, 15, 5210, 21387, 1746, 868, 13, 410, 570, 578, 6177, 2316, 4519, 15022, 2930, 1514, 11, 23865, 2240, 1862, 323, 24872, 12445, 14515, 627, 4071, 3249, 374, 420, 312, 45824, 315, 264, 11888, 4771, 6418, 1847, 779, 4106, 398, 30199, 30, 3011, 649, 4762, 387, 30706, 311, 1202, 22514, 3752, 22162, 11, 16850, 220, 3487, 24080, 505, 279, 22883, 323, 94653, 21467, 11, 281, 15154, 6825, 42667, 293, 1059, 9438, 1778, 439, 99331, 11, 90454, 8288, 72, -100 ]
StorageReserve.com provides updated information on self storage facilities in Mt. Adams, OH. Learn more about a Mt. Adams self storage by clicking "view details," or enter a new zip code in the search box below to search again.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	50	[ 128000, 5913, 1079, 5976, 916, 5825, 6177, 2038, 389, 659, 5942, 13077, 304, 36608, 13, 27329, 11, 29822, 627, 24762, 810, 922, 264, 36608, 13, 27329, 659, 5942, 555, 18965, 330, 1068, 3649, 1359, 477, 3810, 264, 502, 10521, 2082, 304, 279, 2778, 3830, 3770, 311, 2778, 1578, 13, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 5913, 1079, 5976, 916, 5825, 6177, 2038, 389, 659, 5942, 13077, 304, 36608, 13, 27329, 11, 29822, 627, 24762, 810, 922, 264, 36608, 13, 27329, 659, 5942, 555, 18965, 330, 1068, 3649, 1359, 477, 3810, 264, 502, 10521, 2082, 304, 279, 2778, 3830, 3770, 311, 2778, 1578, 13, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
This page is used to document any issues I ran into personally when following the tutorial available at purplehat.org. Portupgrade is a nice command to have around, and also installs portversion. Running portversion -v \| grep '<' after updating your tree gives you a list of all updates that can be installed. Portmaster is my personal choice for updating all the ports. Aide is FreeBSD's equivalent to Linux's tripwire, and keeps track of any system files that get edited. Installing the above ports will also get Perl installed as a dependancy, so you get that out of the way right away. Of course any of these can be installed as packages, but force of habit has me compiling them, and I seem to have less issues then the old RPM days. At this point, I followed the tutorial verbatim, and ran into only a couple of minor issues. The first issue was with FuzzyOCR. When I got to Maia, and running the configtest.pl and configtest.php scripts, one of them complained that gifinter was not installed. A quick look on Google showed that gifinter had been deprecated, and wasn't coming back any time soon. I then noted that the command convert with the -interlace attribute did the same thing, so I wrote a wrapper in perl, saved it as gifinter, and the configtests were happy. The second issue I found was that after starting all the services, I still wasn't getting any inbound email. I was able to connect using a mail client through Dovecot, but something was amiss. After poking around and reading cryptic log messages, I was put into the right direction, and noted that even though starting maiad did not generate any errors, it wasn't running. Pumping up the log level on maiad to 5, and I was able to discover that maiad was complaining that 2 directories did not exist in /var/maiad (I believe the directories were /var & /tmp). Once the directories were created, and ownership and the permissions set properly, maiad started without any issues, and a quick ps -aux confirmed they were running. I'm still having issues getting system email forwarded from the local root account to my Inbox, but I think it might be a byproduct of my running bind99 on the same server, and having some type of DNS issue. I will report back once I get it sorted.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	1,923	[ 128000, 2028, 2199, 374, 1511, 311, 2246, 904, 4819, 358, 10837, 1139, 16102, 994, 2768, 279, 22237, 2561, 520, 25977, 9379, 2726, 627, 7229, 45330, 374, 264, 6555, 3290, 311, 617, 2212, 11, 323, 1101, 71420, 2700, 4464, 13, 29125, 2700, 4464, 482, 85, 765, 21332, 3942, 6, 1306, 21686, 701, 5021, 6835, 499, 264, 1160, 315, 682, 9013, 430, 649, 387, 10487, 13, 5896, 13943, 374, 856, 4443, 5873, 369, 21686, 682, 279, 20946, 13, 362, 579, 374, 75660, 596, 13890, 311, 14677, 596, 8577, 36631, 11, 323, 13912, 3839, 315, 904, 1887, 3626, 430, 636, 19685, 13, 80900, 279, 3485, 20946, 690, 1101, 636, 45532, 10487, 439, 264, 6904, 6709, 11, 779, 499, 636, 430, 704, 315, 279, 1648, 1314, 3201, 13, 5046, 3388, 904, 315 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 2028, 2199, 374, 1511, 311, 2246, 904, 4819, 358, 10837, 1139, 16102, 994, 2768, 279, 22237, 2561, 520, 25977, 9379, 2726, 627, 7229, 45330, 374, 264, 6555, 3290, 311, 617, 2212, 11, 323, 1101, 71420, 2700, 4464, 13, 29125, 2700, 4464, 482, 85, 765, 21332, 3942, 6, 1306, 21686, 701, 5021, 6835, 499, 264, 1160, 315, 682, 9013, 430, 649, 387, 10487, 13, 5896, 13943, 374, 856, 4443, 5873, 369, 21686, 682, 279, 20946, 13, 362, 579, 374, 75660, 596, 13890, 311, 14677, 596, 8577, 36631, 11, 323, 13912, 3839, 315, 904, 1887, 3626, 430, 636, 19685, 13, 80900, 279, 3485, 20946, 690, 1101, 636, 45532, 10487, 439, 264, 6904, 6709, 11, 779, 499, 636, 430, 704, 315, 279, 1648, 1314, 3201, 13, 5046, 3388, 904, 315, -100 ]
Q: What's the best way to lay out a React/webpack project with an API backend? I'm a little late to the party, but I'm just getting started with React. I have a base project that I'm serving with webpack-dev-server, but now I need to actually get data for it. My chosen API is Strava. I'm trying to use the recommended API wrapper for node, but I've come to a point where I don't want to expose my API keys and know that I need to create my own API endpoints. I was about to start creating an Express server to quickly create these endpoints, but I feel like there might be something that I'm missing. * Is there a better way to go about this with webpack/webpack-dev-server? If I want this working on the internet, I know that I'll need at least one node instance running to serve my API endpoints; I just want to make sure there's not some super-simple, possibly webpack-based (to keep everything in the same family) solution that I could then, later, just deploy on a ready-made node server. My assumption is that I'll just be better off creating two projects: * Static content (currently webpacked and served with webpack-dev-server for development) Express server for API-wrapping. If that's the case, is there a simple way to point hook Express up with my static project (everything webpack does is sent out to an /app/dist directory) for production deployment?	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange" }	2,020	[ 128000, 48, 25, 3639, 596, 279, 1888, 1648, 311, 11203, 704, 264, 3676, 14, 11634, 2447, 449, 459, 5446, 19713, 30, 358, 2846, 264, 2697, 3389, 311, 279, 4717, 11, 719, 358, 2846, 1120, 3794, 3940, 449, 3676, 13, 358, 617, 264, 2385, 2447, 430, 358, 2846, 13788, 449, 32279, 26842, 27396, 11, 719, 1457, 358, 1205, 311, 3604, 636, 828, 369, 433, 13, 720, 5159, 12146, 5446, 374, 4610, 2979, 13, 358, 2846, 4560, 311, 1005, 279, 11349, 5446, 13564, 369, 2494, 11, 719, 358, 3077, 2586, 311, 264, 1486, 1405, 358, 1541, 956, 1390, 311, 29241, 856, 5446, 7039, 323, 1440, 430, 358, 1205, 311, 1893, 856, 1866, 5446, 37442, 13, 358, 574, 922, 311, 1212, 6968, 459, 17855, 3622, 311, 6288, 1893, 1521, 37442, 11 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 48, 25, 3639, 596, 279, 1888, 1648, 311, 11203, 704, 264, 3676, 14, 11634, 2447, 449, 459, 5446, 19713, 30, 358, 2846, 264, 2697, 3389, 311, 279, 4717, 11, 719, 358, 2846, 1120, 3794, 3940, 449, 3676, 13, 358, 617, 264, 2385, 2447, 430, 358, 2846, 13788, 449, 32279, 26842, 27396, 11, 719, 1457, 358, 1205, 311, 3604, 636, 828, 369, 433, 13, 720, 5159, 12146, 5446, 374, 4610, 2979, 13, 358, 2846, 4560, 311, 1005, 279, 11349, 5446, 13564, 369, 2494, 11, 719, 358, 3077, 2586, 311, 264, 1486, 1405, 358, 1541, 956, 1390, 311, 29241, 856, 5446, 7039, 323, 1440, 430, 358, 1205, 311, 1893, 856, 1866, 5446, 37442, 13, 358, 574, 922, 311, 1212, 6968, 459, 17855, 3622, 311, 6288, 1893, 1521, 37442, 11, -100 ]
Via Seating, Inc had an older site that was built in such a way, even under WordPress, where Via could not make changes to their own site easily and effortlessly. We rebuilt the site with the help of their own graphics designer to give a more modern feel and make it easier to add products, information, updates, and anything else that they want. We also developed a "smart" form for their sales reps to order literature. This build included the input of numerous chairs, images, and pages and took over three months to build.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	3,353	[ 128000, 55528, 1369, 1113, 11, 4953, 1047, 459, 9191, 2816, 430, 574, 5918, 304, 1778, 264, 1648, 11, 1524, 1234, 20394, 11, 1405, 45899, 1436, 539, 1304, 4442, 311, 872, 1866, 2816, 6847, 323, 69704, 13, 1226, 60685, 279, 2816, 449, 279, 1520, 315, 872, 1866, 14515, 15034, 311, 3041, 264, 810, 6617, 2733, 323, 1304, 433, 8831, 311, 923, 3956, 11, 2038, 11, 9013, 11, 323, 4205, 775, 430, 814, 1390, 13, 1226, 1101, 8040, 264, 330, 40903, 1, 1376, 369, 872, 6763, 41511, 311, 2015, 17649, 13, 1115, 1977, 5343, 279, 1988, 315, 12387, 26993, 11, 5448, 11, 323, 6959, 323, 3952, 927, 2380, 4038, 311, 1977, 13, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 55528, 1369, 1113, 11, 4953, 1047, 459, 9191, 2816, 430, 574, 5918, 304, 1778, 264, 1648, 11, 1524, 1234, 20394, 11, 1405, 45899, 1436, 539, 1304, 4442, 311, 872, 1866, 2816, 6847, 323, 69704, 13, 1226, 60685, 279, 2816, 449, 279, 1520, 315, 872, 1866, 14515, 15034, 311, 3041, 264, 810, 6617, 2733, 323, 1304, 433, 8831, 311, 923, 3956, 11, 2038, 11, 9013, 11, 323, 4205, 775, 430, 814, 1390, 13, 1226, 1101, 8040, 264, 330, 40903, 1, 1376, 369, 872, 6763, 41511, 311, 2015, 17649, 13, 1115, 1977, 5343, 279, 1988, 315, 12387, 26993, 11, 5448, 11, 323, 6959, 323, 3952, 927, 2380, 4038, 311, 1977, 13, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
A side portion of the 1991 VHS box set of nine volumes Geoffrey C. Ward Voices of Sam Waterston George Plimpton Paul Roebling George Black Christopher Murney Charley McDowell Shelby Foote Terry Courier Jody Powell Narrated by No. of seasons Allen Moore Buddy Squires Paul Barnes Bruce Shaw Tricia Reidy 690 minutes/11 hours 30 minutes (9 episodes) Kenneth Lauren Burns Productions (Florentine Films), WETA-TV September 23 (1990-09-23) – September 27, 1990 (1990-09-27) Production website The Civil War is a 1990 American television documentary miniseries created by Ken Burns about the American Civil War. It was the first broadcast to air on PBS for five consecutive nights, from September 23 to 27, 1990. More than 39 million viewers tuned in to at least one episode, and viewership averaged more than 14 million viewers each evening, making it the most-watched program ever to air on PBS. It was awarded more than 40 major television and film honors. A companion book to the documentary was released shortly after the series aired.[1] Its filmography was groundbreaking for the time, and spawned film techniques such as the Ken Burns effect. Its theme song, "Ashokan Farewell" is widely acclaimed. The series was extremely influential, and serves as the main source of knowledge about the Civil War to many Americans. However, it is criticized for its historical accuracy, especially its lack of coverage of slavery as a cause of the war. The series was rebroadcast in June 1994[2] as a lead-up to Baseball, then remastered for its 12th anniversary in 2002, although it remained in standard definition resolution. To commemorate the film's 25th anniversary and the 150th anniversary of Lincoln's assassination, the film underwent a complete digital restoration to high-definition format in 2015. Mathew Brady's photographs inspired Burns to make The Civil War, which (in nine episodes totaling more than 10 hours) explores the war's military, social, and political facets through some 16,000 contemporary photographs and paintings, and excerpts from the letters and journals of persons famous and obscure. The series' slow zooming and panning across still images was later termed the "Ken Burns effect". Burns combined these images with modern cinematography, music, narration by David McCullough, anecdotes and insights from authors such as Shelby Foote,[3] historians Barbara J. Fields, Ed Bearss, and Stephen B. Oates; and actors reading contemporary quotes from historical figures such as Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Walt Whitman, Stonewall Jackson, and Frederick Douglass, as well as diaries by Mary Boykin Chesnut, Samuel R. Watkins, Elisha Hunt Rhodes and George Templeton Strong and commentary from James W. Symington. A large cast of actors voiced correspondence, memoirs, news articles, and stood in for historical figures from the Civil War. Burns also interviewed Daisy Turner, then a 104-year-old daughter of an ex-slave, whose poetry features prominently in the series. Turner died in February 1988, a full two-and-a-half years before the series aired. Production ran five years. The film was co-produced by Ken's brother Ric Burns, written by Geoffrey C. Ward and Ric Burns, edited by Paul Barnes with cinematography by Buddy Squires. It was funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The theme song of the documentary is the instrumental "Ashokan Farewell", which is heard twenty-five times during the film. The song was composed by Jay Ungar in 1982 and he describes it as "the song coming out of 'a sense of loss and longing' after the annual Ashokan Music & Dance Camps ended."[4] It is the only modern piece of music heard in the film, and subsequently became the first ever single release for the Elektra Nonesuch label, which released the series' soundtrack album.[5] It became so closely associated with the series that people frequently and erroneously believe it was a Civil War song. Ungar, his band Fiddle Fever and pianist Jacqueline Schwab performed this song and many of the other 19th-century songs used in the film.[6][7] Schwab's arrangements in particular have been acclaimed by many critics. Musicologist Alexander Klein wrote: "Upon watching the full documentary, one is immediately struck by the lyricism of Schwab's playing and, more importantly, her exceptional arranging skills. What had been originally rousing and at times bellicose songs such as the southern "Bonnie Blue Flag" or the northern "Battle Cry of Freedom" now suddenly sounded like heart-warming, lyrical melodies due to Schwab's interpretations. The pianist not only changed the songs' original mood but also allowed herself some harmonic liberties so as to make these century-old marching tunes into piano lamentations that contemporary audiences could fully identify with".[8] A major piece of vocal music in the series is a version of the old spiritual "We Are Climbing Jacob's Ladder", performed a cappella by the African-American singer, scholar and activist Bernice Johnson Reagon and several other female voices. The song appears on Reagon's album River of Life. Narrated by David McCullough Sam Waterston as Abraham Lincoln Julie Harris as Mary Boykin Chesnut Jason Robards as Ulysses S. Grant Morgan Freeman as Frederick Douglass and others Paul Roebling as Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain Garrison Keillor as Walt Whitman and others George Black as Robert E. Lee Arthur Miller as William Tecumseh Sherman and others Christopher Murney as Elisha Hunt Rhodes Charley McDowell as Samuel R. Watkins Horton Foote as Jefferson Davis George Plimpton as George Templeton Strong Philip Bosco as Horace Greeley Terry Courier as George B. McClellan Jody Powell as Stonewall Jackson and others Studs Terkel as Benjamin Butler and others Hoyt Axton as various John Hartford as various Colleen Dewhurst as various Shelby Foote as various Ronnie Gilbert as various Jeremy Irons as various Gene Jones as various Derek Jacobi as various Kurt Vonnegut as various Laurence Fishburne (credited as Larry Fishburne) as various Pamela Reed as various M. Emmet Walsh as various Ed Bearss – Military historian and author Barbara J. Fields – Professor of American history at Columbia University Shelby Foote – American writer, journalist, and Civil War historian Stephen Oates – Professor of history at the University of Massachusetts Amherst William Safire – American author, columnist, journalist, and presidential speechwriter James W. Symington – former Congressman Daisy Turner – Daughter of a former plantation slave, oral historian Robert Penn Warren – American poet, novelist, and literary critic Each episode was divided into numerous chapters or vignettes,[7] but each generally had a primary theme or focus (i.e., a specific battle or topic). The series followed a fairly consistent chronological order of history. "The Cause" (1861) September 23, 1990 (1990-09-23)[9] All Night Forever; Are We Free?; A House Divided; The Meteor; Secessionitis; 4:30 a.m. April 12, 1861; Traitors and Patriots; Gun Men; Manassas; A Thousand Mile Front; Honorable Manhood "A Very Bloody Affair" (1862) September 24, 1990 (1990-09-24)[10] Politics; Ironclads; Lincolnites; The Peninsula; Our Boy; Shiloh; The Arts of Death; Republics; On to Richmond "Forever Free" (1862) September 24, 1990 (1990-09-24)[10] Stonewall; The Beast; The Seven Days; Kiss Daniel for Me; Saving the Union; Antietam; The Higher Object "Simply Murder" (1863) September 25, 1990 (1990-09-25)[11] Northern Lights; Oh! Be Joyful; The Kingdom of Jones; Under the Shade of the Trees; A Dust-Covered Man "The Universe of Battle" (1863) September 25, 1990 (1990-09-25)[11] Gettysburg: The First Day; Gettysburg: The Second Day; Gettysburg: The Third Day; She Ranks Me; Vicksburg; Bottom Rail on Top; The River of Death; A New Birth of Freedom "Valley of the Shadow of Death" (1864) September 26, 1990 (1990-09-26)[12] Grant; Lee; In the Wilderness; Move By the Left Flank; Now, Fix Me; The Remedy "Most Hallowed Ground" (1864) September 26, 1990 (1990-09-26)[12] A Warm Place in the Field; Nathan Bedford Forrest; Summer, 1864; Spies; The Crater; Headquarters U.S.A.; The Promised Land; The Age of Shoddy; Can Those Be Men?; The People's Resolution; Most Hallowed Ground "War Is All Hell" (1865) September 27, 1990 (1990-09-27)[13] Sherman's March; The Breath of Emancipation; Died of a Theory; Washington, March 4, 1865; I Want to See Richmond; Appomattox "The Better Angels of Our Nature" (1865) September 27, 1990 (1990-09-27)[13] Assassination; Useless, Useless; The Picklocks of Biographers; Was It Not Real? Reception and awards The series received more than forty major film and television awards, including two Emmy Awards, two Grammy Awards, Producer of the Year Award from the Producers Guild of America, People's Choice Award, Peabody Award, duPont-Columbia Award, D.W. Griffith Award, and the US$50,000 Lincoln Prize, among dozens of others. The series sparked a major renewal of interest in the Civil War. It was widely acclaimed for its skillful depiction and retelling of the Civil War events, and also for drawing huge numbers of viewers into a new awareness of the historical importance of the conflict. Prior to the series, the Civil War had receded in popular historical consciousness since its 1960s centennial. Following the series, there was a sharp upturn in popular books and other works about the Civil War.[14] Robert Brent Toplin in 1996 wrote Ken Burns's The Civil War: Historians Respond, which included essays from critical academic historians who felt their topics of interest were not covered in enough detail and responses from Ken Burns and others involved in the series' production. The series has been criticized for perceived historical inaccuracies, since it focuses mostly on the battles of the Civil War to the detriment of other areas. Some also believe it provides a weak or faulty explanation of the causes of the war. While many historians believe that the war was fought to end slavery, Burns presented Shelby Foote's framing of that dispute as a "failure to compromise". Though Foote was a journalist and novelist rather than a trained historian, he was given more screen time than any other commentator. The fact that Burns himself was not a historian, nor were most of his production team, has similarly led to accusations that his series did not contain a thorough enough historical overview of its subject. That most of them were also white men has also been fingered for a lack of coverage of women, blacks, or Reconstruction. The series has also been criticized for propagating the Lost Cause of the Confederacy ideology. Because Burns's documentary has been so influential, and serves as the main source of knowledge about the Civil War for many Americans, some critics fear it has perpetuated this discredited view.[15][16] Remastering The entire series was digitally remastered for re-release on September 17, 2002 in VHS and DVD by PBS Home Video and Warner Home Video. The DVD release included a short documentary on how a Spirit DataCine was used to transfer and remaster the film.[17] The remastering was limited to producing an improved fullscreen standard-definition digital video of the film's interpositive negatives, for broadcast and DVD. The soundtrack was also re-mastered and remixed in 5.1 Dolby Digital AC3 surround sound. Paul Barnes, Editor & Post-Production Supervisor, Florentine Films at that time commented: Ken Burns and I decided to remaster The Civil War for several reasons. First of all, when we completed the film in 1989, we were operating under a very tight schedule and budget. As the main editor on the film, I always wanted to go back and improve the overall quality of the film. The other reason for remastering the film at this time is that the technology to color correct, print and transfer a film to video for broadcast has vastly improved, especially in the realm of digital computer technology... We also were able to eliminate a great deal of the dust and dirt that often get embedded into 16mm film when it is printed. For the 150th anniversary of the end of the war, and the 25th anniversary of the series, PBS remastered the series in high definition. This work involved creating a new 4K ultra-high-definition digital master of the film's original camera negatives and was carried out in association with the George Eastman House, where the original 16mm negatives are preserved. It aired on PBS from September 7 to 11, 2015.[18] Blu-ray and DVD editions were released on October 13, 2015. A soundtrack featuring songs from the miniseries, many of which were songs popular during the Civil War, has been released. "Drums of War" Old Bethpage Brass Band 0:10 "Oliver Wendell Holmes" Paul Roebling 0:32 "Ashokan Farewell" Jay Ungar, Matt Glaser, Evan Stover, Russ Barenburg, Molly Mason 4:05 "Battle Cry of Freedom" Jacqueline Schwab 1:40 "We Are Climbing Jacob's Ladder" Bernice Johnson Reagon 4:27 "Dixie" / "Bonnie Blue Flag" New American Brass Band 1:57 "Cheer Boys Cheer" New American Brass Band 1:12 "Angel Band" Barenburg, Jesse Carr 1:07 "Johnny Has Gone for a Soldier" Schwab, Carr 1:44 "Lorena" Ungar, Carr 1:44 "Parade" New American Brass Band 3:30 "Hail, Columbia" New American Brass Band 2:06 "Dixie" (reprise, lament) Bobby Horton 2:06 "Kingdom Coming" Glaser, Stover, Ungar, Art Baron, Mason 1:01 "Battle Hymn of the Republic" Ungar, Schwab 1:38 "All Quiet on the Potomac" Schwab 1:12 "Flag of Columbia" Schwab 1:03 "Weeping Sad and Lonely" Glasser, Schwab, Carr 1:10 "Yankee Doodle" Old Bethpage Brass Band 0:41 "Palmyra Schottische" New American Brass Band 3:30 "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" Old Bethpage Brass Band 0:45 "Shenandoah" John Levy, John Colby 0:47 "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" (reprise) Ungar, Yonatin Malin, Schwab, Mason, Peter Amidon 1:00 "Marching Through Georgia" Ungar, Mason, Amidon 0:57 "Marching Through Georgia" (reprise, lament) Schwab 1:14 "Battle Cry of Freedom" (reprise) Schwab 2:33 "Battle Hymn of the Republic" (reprise) Abyssianian Baptist Choir 3:22 "Ashokan Farewell" / "Sullivan Ballou letter" Ungar, Roebling, David McCullough 3:34 The War, World War II documentary miniseries by Ken Burns The Vietnam War, Vietnam War documentary series by Ken Burns Still image film Lost Cause of the Confederacy ^ Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ric; Burns, Ken (1992) [First published 1991]. The Civil War: An Illustrated History. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0679742777. ^ "'The Civil War', 'Gettysburg' capture history". Southern Illonoisan. June 25, 1994. Retrieved June 2, 2018. ^ "'Civil War' audience 'discovers' storyteller-writer Shelby Foote". TV Today. The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 25, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ "The Civil War . The Film . Music of the Civil War". pbs.org. ^ DiMartino, Dave. "Instrumental Soundtracks Chime In." Billboard magazine, 16 February 1991, p. 55. ^ Ashokan FAQ Archived February 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine ^ a b "The Civil War . The Film . Episode Descriptions". pbs.org. ^ Alexander Klein, "Scoring Ken Burns' Civil War: An Interview with Pianist Jacqueline Schwab"Film Score Monthly, April 2013. ^ "Sunday Prime Time Television Listings". The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 22, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ a b "Monday Prime Time Television Listings". The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 24, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ a b "Tuesday Prime Time Television Listings". The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 25, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ a b "Wednesday Prime Time Television Listings". The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 26, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ a b "Thursday Prime Time Television Listings". The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 27, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ Thanks a Lot, Ken Burns, by James M. Lundberg, Salon. com, June 7, 2011. ^ "Debate over Ken Burns Civil War doc continues over decades \| The Spokesman-Review". www.spokesman.com. Retrieved May 4, 2020. ^ Merritt, Keri Leigh. "Why We Need a New Civil War Documentary". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved May 4, 2020. ^ "Why we decided to Re-master The Civil War". PBS. ^ Patrick Kevin Day (April 9, 2015). "PBS to air remastered version of Ken Burns' 'The Civil War'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 2, 2015. 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(1989) Sammy Davis Jr.'s 60th Anniversary Celebration (1990) Billy Crystal – 64th Academy Awards (1992) Fallen Champ: The Untold Story of Mike Tyson (1993) Prime Suspect III (1994) Bastard out of Carolina (1996) Joan of Arc (1999) The Corner (2000) Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows (2001) The Office: Christmas Special (2005) No Direction Home (2006) Planet Earth (2007) John Adams (2008) Grey Gardens (2009) The Pacific (2010) Sherlock (2011) Downton Abbey, series 2 (2012) Behind the Candelabra (2013) True Detective, season 1 (2014) The Jinx: The Life and Deaths of Robert Durst (2015) Big Little Lies (2017) The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story (2018) Chernobyl (2019) Mare of Easttown (2021) Documentary films about the American Civil War Television series about the American Civil War PBS original programming 1990s American documentary television series Films directed by Ken Burns Documentary television series about war Peabody Award-winning television programs	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	1,199	[ 128000, 32, 3185, 13651, 315, 279, 220, 2550, 16, 650, 12228, 3830, 743, 315, 11888, 27378, 198, 9688, 1885, 8233, 356, 13, 27738, 198, 28615, 1238, 315, 198, 24903, 10164, 7876, 198, 40052, 1856, 318, 19271, 198, 26368, 79552, 9894, 198, 40052, 5348, 198, 75066, 386, 399, 1216, 198, 4873, 3258, 51353, 80599, 198, 2059, 301, 1729, 32757, 1295, 198, 51, 5515, 75693, 198, 41, 1094, 44109, 198, 82623, 555, 198, 2822, 13, 315, 15956, 198, 80977, 20832, 198, 33, 35017, 328, 18164, 198, 26368, 44954, 198, 79579, 36285, 198, 1305, 24985, 38774, 88, 198, 21741, 4520, 14, 806, 4207, 220, 966, 4520, 320, 24, 18243, 340, 89734, 774, 43460, 51016, 52964, 320, 93387, 8135, 483, 46564, 1350, 54, 21352, 53392, 198, 30649, 220, 1419, 320, 2550, 15 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 32, 3185, 13651, 315, 279, 220, 2550, 16, 650, 12228, 3830, 743, 315, 11888, 27378, 198, 9688, 1885, 8233, 356, 13, 27738, 198, 28615, 1238, 315, 198, 24903, 10164, 7876, 198, 40052, 1856, 318, 19271, 198, 26368, 79552, 9894, 198, 40052, 5348, 198, 75066, 386, 399, 1216, 198, 4873, 3258, 51353, 80599, 198, 2059, 301, 1729, 32757, 1295, 198, 51, 5515, 75693, 198, 41, 1094, 44109, 198, 82623, 555, 198, 2822, 13, 315, 15956, 198, 80977, 20832, 198, 33, 35017, 328, 18164, 198, 26368, 44954, 198, 79579, 36285, 198, 1305, 24985, 38774, 88, 198, 21741, 4520, 14, 806, 4207, 220, 966, 4520, 320, 24, 18243, 340, 89734, 774, 43460, 51016, 52964, 320, 93387, 8135, 483, 46564, 1350, 54, 21352, 53392, 198, 30649, 220, 1419, 320, 2550, 15, -100 ]
Gabby Agbonlahor has stood down as Aston Villa captain after apologising for his off the field conduct and on the pitch performances. Agbonlahor used his ga11official Instagram account to get his message across to Villa supporters. It follows a double suspension for the Brummie striker who has made front page headlines for his partying antics during the club's relegation season. "I want to begin with an apology to all Aston Villa fans for my actions in recent weeks, especially at a time when it is devastating for everyone involved with the club. "I have spent 16 years at Aston Villa and played some memorable games. My celebrations and passion, especially in games against local rivals shows my loyalty to Aston Villa. I am asking Aston Villa fans for forgiveness as I'm hurting as well despite reports and photos in the press making out otherwise. "I agree my performances this season have not been good enough but I will be working hard to make things right! Up The Villa, Villa Till I Die!"	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	4,535	[ 128000, 75739, 1729, 4701, 6098, 15342, 269, 706, 14980, 1523, 439, 66774, 37912, 24862, 1306, 21050, 3876, 369, 813, 1022, 279, 2115, 6929, 323, 389, 279, 9846, 24601, 627, 9219, 6098, 15342, 269, 1511, 813, 13819, 806, 33912, 14318, 2759, 311, 636, 813, 1984, 4028, 311, 37912, 15879, 627, 2181, 11263, 264, 2033, 25288, 369, 279, 3320, 27054, 648, 45041, 889, 706, 1903, 4156, 2199, 31186, 369, 813, 4717, 287, 88223, 2391, 279, 6469, 596, 59782, 367, 3280, 627, 7189, 1390, 311, 3240, 449, 459, 41258, 311, 682, 66774, 37912, 7359, 369, 856, 6299, 304, 3293, 5672, 11, 5423, 520, 264, 892, 994, 433, 374, 33318, 369, 5127, 6532, 449, 279, 6469, 627, 7189, 617, 7543, 220, 845, 1667, 520, 66774, 37912, 323, 6476, 1063, 33596, 3953, 627 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 75739, 1729, 4701, 6098, 15342, 269, 706, 14980, 1523, 439, 66774, 37912, 24862, 1306, 21050, 3876, 369, 813, 1022, 279, 2115, 6929, 323, 389, 279, 9846, 24601, 627, 9219, 6098, 15342, 269, 1511, 813, 13819, 806, 33912, 14318, 2759, 311, 636, 813, 1984, 4028, 311, 37912, 15879, 627, 2181, 11263, 264, 2033, 25288, 369, 279, 3320, 27054, 648, 45041, 889, 706, 1903, 4156, 2199, 31186, 369, 813, 4717, 287, 88223, 2391, 279, 6469, 596, 59782, 367, 3280, 627, 7189, 1390, 311, 3240, 449, 459, 41258, 311, 682, 66774, 37912, 7359, 369, 856, 6299, 304, 3293, 5672, 11, 5423, 520, 264, 892, 994, 433, 374, 33318, 369, 5127, 6532, 449, 279, 6469, 627, 7189, 617, 7543, 220, 845, 1667, 520, 66774, 37912, 323, 6476, 1063, 33596, 3953, 627, -100 ]
Saw this article today: https://opereviews.com/news/ego-goes-pro-ego-commercial-series/ Looks like Q1 2019 availability. More or less the same as the existing European line of pro equipment. Still good to see it make it over here. Now bring the multi-tool brush cutter with it! The pro line has one. Nice find, Matt! Things are looking up for Ego! Right direction, right time. Good to see. Like many of their products first released in Europe and then later to North America.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	872	[ 128000, 50, 675, 420, 4652, 3432, 25, 3788, 1129, 454, 486, 5182, 916, 28455, 14, 13546, 2427, 7217, 10039, 12, 13546, 74144, 57432, 14, 42906, 1093, 1229, 16, 220, 679, 24, 18539, 13, 4497, 477, 2753, 279, 1890, 439, 279, 6484, 7665, 1584, 315, 463, 7241, 13, 16782, 1695, 311, 1518, 433, 1304, 433, 927, 1618, 13, 4800, 4546, 279, 7447, 41324, 15998, 62705, 449, 433, 0, 578, 463, 1584, 706, 832, 627, 46078, 1505, 11, 13678, 0, 20695, 527, 3411, 709, 369, 469, 3427, 4999, 6107, 5216, 11, 1314, 892, 13, 7839, 311, 1518, 627, 13246, 1690, 315, 872, 3956, 1176, 6004, 304, 4606, 323, 1243, 3010, 311, 4892, 5270, 13, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256, 128256 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]	[ 50, 675, 420, 4652, 3432, 25, 3788, 1129, 454, 486, 5182, 916, 28455, 14, 13546, 2427, 7217, 10039, 12, 13546, 74144, 57432, 14, 42906, 1093, 1229, 16, 220, 679, 24, 18539, 13, 4497, 477, 2753, 279, 1890, 439, 279, 6484, 7665, 1584, 315, 463, 7241, 13, 16782, 1695, 311, 1518, 433, 1304, 433, 927, 1618, 13, 4800, 4546, 279, 7447, 41324, 15998, 62705, 449, 433, 0, 578, 463, 1584, 706, 832, 627, 46078, 1505, 11, 13678, 0, 20695, 527, 3411, 709, 369, 469, 3427, 4999, 6107, 5216, 11, 1314, 892, 13, 7839, 311, 1518, 627, 13246, 1690, 315, 872, 3956, 1176, 6004, 304, 4606, 323, 1243, 3010, 311, 4892, 5270, 13, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100, -100 ]
Monsanto shareholders approve merger with Bayer By Robert Holly \| December 13, 2016 More on Monsanto Subscribe to Monsanto Photo by Robert Holly/Big Ag Watch Monsanto's Chesterfield Village research facility on July 20, 2015. Monsanto shareholders at a special meeting Tuesday voted overwhelmingly in support of the St. Louis-based seed company's $66 billion merger with German pharmaceuticals maker Bayer. About 99 percent of all shareholder votes cast were in favor of the Bayer-Monsanto merger. "We are pleased we received such strong support from our shareowners," Monsanto CEO Hugh Grant said in a statement. "This is an important milestone as we work to combine our two complementary companies and deliver on our shared vision for the future of agriculture." Monsanto shares rose to about $105 following news of shareholder vote. Under updated terms of the merger agreement, Monsanto shareholders will receive $128 per share in cash at the closing of the merger. Bayer shareholders do not have to vote on the deal with Monsanto. See related: "Weeding out the competition: Farmers left paying steep prices as seed firms merge" Officials from Bayer and Monsanto say the proposed deal will benefit global agriculture by effectively combining resources from Monsanto, a seed powerhouse, with those from Bayer, a leader in farm chemicals. "The acquisition of Monsanto is driven by our strong belief that this combination can held address the growing challenges facing farmers and the overall agriculture industry today and in the future," Bayer AG CEO Werner Baumann said. "Together, Bayer and Monsanto will be able to offer the new, innovative solutions that our customers need." Although shareholders voted in support of the merger deal, Monsanto and Bayer still need to gain various regulatory approvals from dozens of different international jurisdictions such as the European Union. Critics fear the deal will lead to diminished innovation in the global seeds and agrochemicals industries. According to research from Texas A&M University, a combined Bayer-Monsanto would control about 70 percent of the U.S. cotton seed market, for example. Iowa Republican Senator Chuck Grassley has repeatedly called for regulators to review the deal with careful scrutiny. Despite concerns, the companies expect the deal — which is the largest-ever takeover of a U.S. company by a German firm — to close by the end of 2017. Washington becomes first state to sue Monsanto for chemical contamination, cleanup costs Five stories that revealed the impact of big agribusiness	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }	3,333	[ 128000, 44, 2439, 13873, 41777, 29251, 47112, 449, 86520, 198, 1383, 8563, 53425, 765, 6790, 220, 1032, 11, 220, 679, 21, 198, 7816, 389, 74026, 198, 29673, 311, 74026, 198, 10682, 555, 8563, 53425, 14, 16010, 4701, 10573, 198, 44, 2439, 13873, 596, 53512, 2630, 25036, 3495, 12764, 389, 5887, 220, 508, 11, 220, 679, 20, 627, 44, 2439, 13873, 41777, 520, 264, 3361, 6574, 7742, 16626, 55734, 304, 1862, 315, 279, 800, 13, 12140, 6108, 10533, 2883, 596, 400, 2287, 7239, 47112, 449, 6063, 35410, 82, 25214, 86520, 627, 10714, 220, 1484, 3346, 315, 682, 63342, 12973, 6445, 1051, 304, 4799, 315, 279, 86520, 5364, 2439, 13873, 47112, 627, 10944, 527, 18949, 584, 4036, 1778, 3831, 1862, 505, 1057, 4430, 23840, 1359, 74026, 12432, 30206, 24668, 1071 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 44, 2439, 13873, 41777, 29251, 47112, 449, 86520, 198, 1383, 8563, 53425, 765, 6790, 220, 1032, 11, 220, 679, 21, 198, 7816, 389, 74026, 198, 29673, 311, 74026, 198, 10682, 555, 8563, 53425, 14, 16010, 4701, 10573, 198, 44, 2439, 13873, 596, 53512, 2630, 25036, 3495, 12764, 389, 5887, 220, 508, 11, 220, 679, 20, 627, 44, 2439, 13873, 41777, 520, 264, 3361, 6574, 7742, 16626, 55734, 304, 1862, 315, 279, 800, 13, 12140, 6108, 10533, 2883, 596, 400, 2287, 7239, 47112, 449, 6063, 35410, 82, 25214, 86520, 627, 10714, 220, 1484, 3346, 315, 682, 63342, 12973, 6445, 1051, 304, 4799, 315, 279, 86520, 5364, 2439, 13873, 47112, 627, 10944, 527, 18949, 584, 4036, 1778, 3831, 1862, 505, 1057, 4430, 23840, 1359, 74026, 12432, 30206, 24668, 1071, -100 ]
Andy began his career with Bonland in June 1979. Over the course of his career he has held positions as a Field Engineer, Plant Manager, Production Manager, Branch Manager, VP of Manufacturing, and Executive VP. Currently, he is the President and a Principal of the Company. Linda joined Bonland in 1978. Over the course of her employment, she has held various positions. Currently, Linda is the Executive Vice President and oversees departments that support our branch operations. They include Accounting, Estimating, Design Services, Human Resources, Information Systems, Purchasing, and Safety. Dan began his career with Bonland in March of 1980. During his career, he has worked in the Drafting, Production, Field, and Project Management departments. Currently, he is the Branch Manager of our South Jersey branch. In the 1980's Dan was a part of the Industrial Division responsible for Sales, Estimating, and Drafting as well as managing his own work. He moved to Project Management in the HVAC department in the early 1990's. In 1996 Dan was promoted to Branch Manager and started the South Jersey branch in 1997. He has also served on the Bonland Safety Committee, Strategic Planning Committee, and has been the Head of the Foremen's Advisory Committee since 2012.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	3,772	[ 128000, 68517, 6137, 813, 7076, 449, 13789, 1974, 304, 5651, 220, 4468, 24, 13, 6193, 279, 3388, 315, 813, 7076, 568, 706, 5762, 10093, 439, 264, 8771, 29483, 11, 18317, 10790, 11, 25003, 10790, 11, 26176, 10790, 11, 37110, 315, 42177, 11, 323, 18362, 37110, 627, 34814, 11, 568, 374, 279, 4900, 323, 264, 37409, 315, 279, 8351, 627, 43, 17872, 11096, 13789, 1974, 304, 220, 4468, 23, 13, 6193, 279, 3388, 315, 1077, 14740, 11, 1364, 706, 5762, 5370, 10093, 13, 25122, 11, 39162, 374, 279, 18362, 23270, 4900, 323, 71945, 26280, 430, 1862, 1057, 9046, 7677, 13, 2435, 2997, 45344, 11, 9589, 79448, 11, 7127, 8471, 11, 11344, 16607, 11, 8245, 15264, 11, 53792, 4522, 11, 323, 19220, 627, 39125, 6137, 813, 7076, 449, 13789, 1974 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 68517, 6137, 813, 7076, 449, 13789, 1974, 304, 5651, 220, 4468, 24, 13, 6193, 279, 3388, 315, 813, 7076, 568, 706, 5762, 10093, 439, 264, 8771, 29483, 11, 18317, 10790, 11, 25003, 10790, 11, 26176, 10790, 11, 37110, 315, 42177, 11, 323, 18362, 37110, 627, 34814, 11, 568, 374, 279, 4900, 323, 264, 37409, 315, 279, 8351, 627, 43, 17872, 11096, 13789, 1974, 304, 220, 4468, 23, 13, 6193, 279, 3388, 315, 1077, 14740, 11, 1364, 706, 5762, 5370, 10093, 13, 25122, 11, 39162, 374, 279, 18362, 23270, 4900, 323, 71945, 26280, 430, 1862, 1057, 9046, 7677, 13, 2435, 2997, 45344, 11, 9589, 79448, 11, 7127, 8471, 11, 11344, 16607, 11, 8245, 15264, 11, 53792, 4522, 11, 323, 19220, 627, 39125, 6137, 813, 7076, 449, 13789, 1974, -100 ]
The Cranwells grow Brussels sprouts in South Australia and successfully manage their crop using IPM-friendly practices. They are one of only two remaining Brussels sprouts growers in South Australia, four generations of the family operation and a fifth already working in the business underlines their commitment to the future. Image (L to R): John and Darren make a closer inspection of one of the Brussels sprout crops on the Cranwell's Nairne property. John and his wife, Julie, together with his brother, Robert, and his wife, Joadi, and their children, Erin and Josh, grow about 58 hectares of Brussels sprouts annually over two properties at Nairne and Langhorne Creek. Trading today as AE Cranwell & Sons, the family's market gardening originally commenced with John and Robert's great grandfather, William Henry, in Ashton, nearer to Adelaide. "They were growing sprouts in the '40s, but they were also growing everything else, including cherries, cabbages, lettuces, strawberries and even gooseberries,'' John said. They supply all distribution centres of the major retailers across Australia, as well as wholesale markets. The Brussels sprouts are grown on a three-year land rotation, with 15 different varieties of seedlings from Boomaroo Nurseries transplanted from July to January and harvested from January to August. John said they had to successfully manage the crops for up to seven months. "They are a long lived crop – and it is a vegetable so you have to look after it,'' John said. He said insects had become an increasing factor since resistance to organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides became an issue in the '90s, and required constant monitoring. Greater use of more targeted products today, rather than broad spectrum, had also given rise to secondary pests. Diamondback moth, aphids and thrips are some of the major insects, with massive flights of diamondback moth occurring as canola crops dry-off in broadacre areas. Image: (L to R): Darren and John look over some of the Brussels sprouts seedlings from Boomaroo Nurseries. The Cranwells have long been strong advocates of integrated pest management (IPM) and release parasites against diamondback moth and aphids sourced from James Altman and his team at Biological Services in Loxton. "We release 'beneficials' weekly for the first few months until we get on to chemistry that's not so soft on them,'' John said. He said they were also "sticklers'' for rotating chemistry, especially not using two chemical groups at once. "We like to use Group 28 (insecticides) at periods of peak pressure. With two different properties and multiple blocks, the peak pressure can be at different times and so the products are used at different times, helping maintain the rotation strategy,'' John said. DiPel® biological insecticide, containing the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), is used when insect pressure is light. The systemic and IPM-friendly Group 23 insecticide, Movento®, has been used against aphids and this year, following its registration for control of diamondback moth in brassica vegetables, it was used as an aphid and diamondback moth spray. "We are using Movento after the Bt when the pressure is not that great and the diamondback moth larvae is at an early instar stage – and we have been very happy with it,'' John said. Different to most systemic insecticides, which, after leaf uptake are mainly translocated upwards in the plant's xylem along with water and nutrients, Movento, from Bayer, is translocated in the plant's phloem as well as xylem, resulting in transportation upwards and downwards to plant parts. It can better control sucking pests hiding on covered inner leaves than other insecticides, as well as populations that may have developed resistance to existing registered products. Image (L to R): Bayer Commercial Sales Representative Darren Alexander discusses sprayer set up for the application of Movento insecticide with SA Brussels sprouts grower John Cranwell, Nairne and Langhorne Creek. In addition to aphids and diamondback moth, Movento offers control of silverleaf whitefly. Other than vegetable crops, it can also be used in stone fruit, mangoes, grapes, pome fruit and cotton for control or suppression of a range of pests. It is highly compatible for tank mixing with other products and is "soft'' on most beneficial species when used as directed, including parasitoids, syrphid flies, lacewings, predatory midges, ladybird beetles, predatory bugs and earwigs. "We do two applications of Movento in a row no matter what, with emulsifiable oil and 500-1000 L/ha water rates,'' John said. "It has a unique form of action and is so soft on 'beneficials'. Our IPM specialist was here and said, 'we are not going to release any more – you have thousands of them'. Bayer Commercial Sales Representative Darren Alexander said for diamondback moth, the application rate needed to be increased to 400 mL/ha. John said later, any surviving insects were knocked out by other insecticides including Avatar®, Proclaim® and Success® Neo insecticides. He said the program helped to achieve the final objective of producing clean, green and hard Brussels sprouts that were free of blemish and would last in the fridge for at least two weeks.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	5,816	[ 128000, 791, 67530, 86, 6572, 3139, 38269, 8314, 11934, 304, 4987, 8494, 323, 7946, 10299, 872, 19641, 1701, 6933, 44, 22658, 12659, 13, 2435, 527, 832, 315, 1193, 1403, 9861, 38269, 8314, 11934, 70077, 304, 4987, 8494, 11, 3116, 22540, 315, 279, 3070, 5784, 323, 264, 18172, 2736, 3318, 304, 279, 2626, 1234, 8128, 872, 15507, 311, 279, 3938, 627, 1945, 320, 43, 311, 432, 1680, 3842, 323, 58090, 1304, 264, 12401, 26767, 315, 832, 315, 279, 38269, 8314, 412, 31665, 389, 279, 67530, 9336, 596, 452, 1334, 818, 3424, 627, 13379, 323, 813, 7555, 11, 42287, 11, 3871, 449, 813, 10868, 11, 8563, 11, 323, 813, 7555, 11, 622, 2799, 72, 11, 323, 872, 2911, 11, 56914, 323, 18747, 11, 3139, 922, 220, 2970, 81743, 315, 38269 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 791, 67530, 86, 6572, 3139, 38269, 8314, 11934, 304, 4987, 8494, 323, 7946, 10299, 872, 19641, 1701, 6933, 44, 22658, 12659, 13, 2435, 527, 832, 315, 1193, 1403, 9861, 38269, 8314, 11934, 70077, 304, 4987, 8494, 11, 3116, 22540, 315, 279, 3070, 5784, 323, 264, 18172, 2736, 3318, 304, 279, 2626, 1234, 8128, 872, 15507, 311, 279, 3938, 627, 1945, 320, 43, 311, 432, 1680, 3842, 323, 58090, 1304, 264, 12401, 26767, 315, 832, 315, 279, 38269, 8314, 412, 31665, 389, 279, 67530, 9336, 596, 452, 1334, 818, 3424, 627, 13379, 323, 813, 7555, 11, 42287, 11, 3871, 449, 813, 10868, 11, 8563, 11, 323, 813, 7555, 11, 622, 2799, 72, 11, 323, 872, 2911, 11, 56914, 323, 18747, 11, 3139, 922, 220, 2970, 81743, 315, 38269, -100 ]
« Ack! Congress writing privacy policies? Promises, promises: what information is being shared with third parties? To conduct research to improve services and develop new services. After awhile, you can almost get lulled into believing these are all just very standard, normal uses of your information. The policies generally use language that makes it all seem very reasonable. "Customize" advertising sounds a lot better than "targeted" advertising. Who wants to be a "target"? New York Times Digital even assures its readers that print subscribers' information will be sold to "reputable companies" that offer marketing info or products through direct mail, which sounds wonderfully quaint. But what I find most interesting is the way many companies admit that they do share information with third parties. The crucial issue, then, is how "personal information" is defined. And as I described in my last blog post, the definition of "personal information" varies widely from company to company. When the definition can vary so much, the promise not to share "personal information" isn't an easy one to understand. For example, Google's promise not to share "sensitive personal information": it's "information we know to be related to confidential medical information, racial or ethnic origins, political or religious beliefs or sexuality and tied to personal information." Does that mean that my search queries for B-list celebrities are fair game? Given the varying definitions of "personal" that are used, the strong declaration that my "personal information" will generally not be shared is not, ultimately, a very comforting one. At the same time, many of these companies admit that they will share "aggregate" or "anonymous" information collected from you. But they don't explain what they've done to make that information "anonymous." As we know from AOL's debacle, a company's promise that information has been made anonymous is no guarantee that it'll stay anonymous. (a) your Internet Protocol (IP) address; (b) the address of the last URL you visited prior to clicking through to the Site; (c) your browser and platform type (e.g., a Netscape browser on a Macintosh platform); (d) your browser language; (e) the data in any undeleted cookies that your browser previously accepted from us; and (f) the search queries you submit. For example, when you submit a query, we transmit it (and some of the related information described above) to our paid listing providers in order to obtain relevant advertising to display in response to your query. We may merge information about you into group data, which may then be shared on an aggregated basis with our advertisers. Ask Network also goes on to promise that that third-parties will not be allowed to "make" the information personal, explicitly acknowledging that the difference between personal and not-personal is not a hard, bright line. We at CDP don't really care whether IP addresses are included in the "personal information" category or not. What we really want to see are honest, meaningful promises about user privacy. We would like to see organizations offer choices to users about how specific pieces of data about them are stored and shared, rather than simply make broad promises about "personal information," as defined by that company. It may turn out that "personal" and "anonymous" are categories that are so difficult to define, we'll have to come up with new terminology that is more descriptive and informative. This entry was posted on Friday, May 8th, 2009 at 10:46 am and is filed under Protecting Privacy in Meaningful Ways. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }	5,234	[ 128000, 24633, 52082, 0, 8151, 4477, 12625, 10396, 5380, 36286, 5014, 11, 21300, 25, 1148, 2038, 374, 1694, 6222, 449, 4948, 9875, 5380, 1271, 6929, 3495, 311, 7417, 3600, 323, 2274, 502, 3600, 627, 6153, 51569, 11, 499, 649, 4661, 636, 69163, 839, 1139, 35090, 1521, 527, 682, 1120, 1633, 5410, 11, 4725, 5829, 315, 701, 2038, 627, 791, 10396, 8965, 1005, 4221, 430, 3727, 433, 682, 2873, 1633, 13579, 13, 330, 10480, 553, 1, 13172, 10578, 264, 2763, 2731, 1109, 330, 5775, 291, 1, 13172, 13, 10699, 6944, 311, 387, 264, 330, 5775, 44969, 1561, 4356, 8691, 14434, 1524, 94087, 1202, 13016, 430, 1194, 31120, 6, 2038, 690, 387, 6216, 311, 330, 265, 631, 481, 5220, 1, 430, 3085, 8661, 3630, 477, 3956, 1555, 2167, 8232, 11 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 24633, 52082, 0, 8151, 4477, 12625, 10396, 5380, 36286, 5014, 11, 21300, 25, 1148, 2038, 374, 1694, 6222, 449, 4948, 9875, 5380, 1271, 6929, 3495, 311, 7417, 3600, 323, 2274, 502, 3600, 627, 6153, 51569, 11, 499, 649, 4661, 636, 69163, 839, 1139, 35090, 1521, 527, 682, 1120, 1633, 5410, 11, 4725, 5829, 315, 701, 2038, 627, 791, 10396, 8965, 1005, 4221, 430, 3727, 433, 682, 2873, 1633, 13579, 13, 330, 10480, 553, 1, 13172, 10578, 264, 2763, 2731, 1109, 330, 5775, 291, 1, 13172, 13, 10699, 6944, 311, 387, 264, 330, 5775, 44969, 1561, 4356, 8691, 14434, 1524, 94087, 1202, 13016, 430, 1194, 31120, 6, 2038, 690, 387, 6216, 311, 330, 265, 631, 481, 5220, 1, 430, 3085, 8661, 3630, 477, 3956, 1555, 2167, 8232, 11, -100 ]
/* * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. / package org.gbif.checklistbank.nub; import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch; import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap; import com.google.common.collect.Lists; import com.google.common.collect.Sets; import org.gbif.api.model.checklistbank.NameUsage; import org.gbif.api.vocabulary.; import org.gbif.checklistbank.cli.model.GraphFormat; import org.gbif.checklistbank.cli.model.RankedName; import org.gbif.checklistbank.cli.nubbuild.NubConfiguration; import org.gbif.checklistbank.iterable.CloseableIterator; import org.gbif.checklistbank.iterable.StreamUtils; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.Labels; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.NeoProperties; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.RelType; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.UsageDao; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.traverse.StartEndHandler; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.traverse.Traversals; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.traverse.TreeWalker; import org.gbif.checklistbank.nub.model.NubUsage; import org.gbif.checklistbank.nub.model.SrcUsage; import org.gbif.checklistbank.nub.source.; import org.gbif.checklistbank.utils.NameParsers; import org.gbif.checklistbank.utils.SciNameNormalizer; import org.gbif.nub.lookup.straight.IdLookupImpl; import org.gbif.nub.lookup.straight.LookupUsage; import org.gbif.utils.ObjectUtils; import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension; import org.neo4j.graphdb.Direction; import org.neo4j.graphdb.Node; import org.neo4j.graphdb.Relationship; import org.neo4j.graphdb.Transaction; import org.neo4j.helpers.collection.Iterables; import org.neo4j.helpers.collection.Iterators; import javax.annotation.Nullable; import java.io.; import java.net.URL; import java.text.ParseException; import java.util.; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.; public class NubBuilderIT { public NubConfiguration cfg = new NubConfiguration(); private UsageDao dao; private Transaction tx; @RegisterExtension public static NeoTmpRepoRule neoRepo = new NeoTmpRepoRule(); public static NubConfiguration defaultConfig() { NubConfiguration cfg = new NubConfiguration(); cfg.groupBasionyms = true; cfg.validate = true; cfg.runAssertions = false; cfg.autoImport = false; cfg.neo = neoRepo.cfg; cfg.neo.batchSize = 5000; cfg.clb.parserTimeout = 250; cfg.blacklist = Sets.newHashSet( "Unaccepted", "Calendrella cinerea ongumaensis", // https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/47 "Tricholaema leucomelan namaqua" // https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/46 ); cfg.homonymExclusions = new HashMap<>(); cfg.homonymExclusions.put("Setabis", Lists.newArrayList("Riodinidae")); return cfg; } private static void log(String msg, Object... args) { System.out.println(String.format(msg, args)); } @BeforeEach public void init() { // add shell port (standard is 1337, but already taken on OSX) to open the neo4j shell server for debugging!!! dao = UsageDao.temporaryDao(128); cfg = defaultConfig(); } @AfterEach public void shutdown() { if (tx != null) { tx.close(); } dao.closeAndDelete(); } @Test public void testKingdoms() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.emptySource()); // bad ranks, no source usages should be created assertEquals(Kingdom.values().length, countTaxa()); for (Kingdom k : Kingdom.values()) { NubUsage u = getCanonical(k.scientificName(), Rank.KINGDOM); assertEquals(k.scientificName(), u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals(k.nubUsageID(), (Integer) u.usageKey); NameUsage nu = getUsage(u.node); assertEquals(nu.getScientificName(), u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals(nu.getKey(), (Integer) u.usageKey); } } @Test public void testSourceException() throws Exception { assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, () -> { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.emptySource(); src.submitSources(Lists.<ErrorSource>newArrayList(new ErrorSource())); build(src); }); } public static class ErrorSource extends NubSource { public ErrorSource() { super(UUID.randomUUID(), "Error Dataset", null, true, null); } @Override protected void initNeo(NeoUsageWriter writer) throws Exception { throw new ParseException("I am the chaos monkey", 0); } } /** * The GBIF backbone only accepts mayor linnean ranks above species level. * For infraspecific names we only accept subspecies in zoology, but other ranks can treated as synonyms. * In botany subspecies, variety or form is an accepted rank. / @Test public void testBackboneRanks() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 1)); // bad ranks, no source usages should be created assertTrue(listCanonical("Lepiota nuda maxima").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Agaricaceaes").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Francisella tularensis rosensis").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Francisella tularensis tularensis").isEmpty()); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/165 / @Test @Disabled("Manual test to debug memory usage") public void debugNubMemoryUsage() throws Exception { RandomSourceList sources = RandomSourceList.source(3, neoRepo.cfg, 10, 10000); // do a real build build(sources); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/165 / @Test @Disabled("Manual test to debug memory usage of the nub source only") public void debugSourcesMemory() throws Exception { RandomSourceList sources = RandomSourceList.source(2, neoRepo.cfg, 10, 10000); // just iterate over sources and close them just as the builder does, but do not use them for anything for (NubSource src : sources) { try (CloseableIterator<SrcUsage> iter = src.iterator()) { for (SrcUsage u : Iterators.loop(iter)) { System.out.println(u.key + " -> " + u.scientificName); } } finally { src.close(); } } } /* * Test sources directly without the async loader * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/165 / @Test @Disabled("Manual test to debug memory usage of the nub source only") public void debugSourcesMemory2() throws Exception { final Random rnd = new Random(); for (int num = 1; num<10000; num++) { Kingdom k = Kingdom.byNubUsageKey(rnd.nextInt(9)); RandomSource src = new RandomSource(10, k, neoRepo.cfg); src.init(true, false); try (CloseableIterator<SrcUsage> iter = src.iterator()) { for (SrcUsage u : Iterators.loop(iter)) { System.out.println(u.key + " -> " + u.scientificName); } } finally { src.close(); } } } @Test public void testUnknownKingdom() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 4)); NubUsage k = assertCanonical(Kingdom.INCERTAE_SEDIS.scientificName(), Rank.KINGDOM, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, null); NubUsage f = assertCanonical("Popeliaceae", Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, k); NubUsage g = assertCanonical("Lepiota", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, f); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, g); } @Test public void testUpdateAuthorship() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 1, 5, 6)); assertCanonical("Lepiota seminuda", "Miller", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda elegans", "DC.", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda nuda", "", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.AUTONYM); assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda europaea", "Döring", Rank.VARIETY, Origin.SOURCE); // families dont use authors! // http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2877 assertCanonical("Agaricaceae", "", Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE); assertTree("1 5 6.txt"); } /* * Worms declares the same species name twice in different subgenera. * One being a synonym of the other. Make sure we only see the accepted species and ignore the synonym which has the exact same name! / @Test public void testWormsSubgenera() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 43)); NubUsage genus = assertCanonical("Hyalonema", "Gray, 1832", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Hyalonema grandancora", "Lendenfeld, 1915", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, genus); assertTree("43.txt"); } /* * Test using real backbone names to verify synonymization of large families. / @Test @Disabled("manual verification only") public void testFullFamilies() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 91); src.setSourceRank(91, Rank.CLASS); build(src, new File("/Users/markus/nub-synonyms.txt")); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-398 / @Test public void testMergeBasionymGroup() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 25, 26); build(src); NubUsage spec = getCanonical("Picris hieracioides", Rank.SPECIES); NubUsage umbella = assertCanonical("Picris hieracioides umbellata", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, spec); NubUsage hieracio = assertCanonical("Picris hieracioides hieracioides", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, spec); NubUsage phu = assertCanonical("Picris hieracioides umbellata", Rank.VARIETY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, umbella); NameUsage u = getUsage(phu.node); assertEquals("Leontodon umbellatus Schrank", u.getBasionym()); assertCanonical("Picris sonchoides", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HETEROTYPIC_SYNONYM, umbella); assertCanonical("Leontodon umbellatus", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, umbella); assertCanonical("Apargia umbellata", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, umbella); assertCanonical("Picris umbellata", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, umbella); assertCanonical("Picris hieracioides sonchoides", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.SYNONYM, umbella); assertTree("25 26.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2812 * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3140 / @Test public void testOrthographicVariants() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 92, 93); build(src); assertTree("92 93.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3106 / @Test public void testMissingRecombAuthors() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 94); build(src); assertTree("94.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3065 / @Test public void testSynonymizedAutonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 95); build(src); assertTree("95.txt"); } @Test public void testConflictingBasionyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 95, 97); build(src); assertTree("95 97.txt"); } @Test public void testConflictingBasionymsFlipped() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 96, 97); build(src); assertTree("96 97.txt"); } @Test public void testConflictingBasionymsOrder() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 96); build(src); assertTree("96.txt"); } @Test public void testPreferAcceptedQualifiedName() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 99); build(src); assertTree("99.txt"); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/180 / @Test public void testPreferAcceptedQualifiedNameMulitpleSources() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 175, 99); build(src); assertTree("99 175.txt"); } @Test public void testNamesWithSubgenus() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 100); build(src); assertTree("100.txt"); } /* * See http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3147 * http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art46 / @Test public void testExAuthorSynonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 101); build(src); assertTree("101.txt"); } @Test public void testAutonymHomonym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 102, 103); build(src); assertTree("102 103.txt"); } /* * When list of subspecific names without parents are added we immediately create an implicit name for the species and genus. * When we subsequently then encounter the species name we need to make sure we select the right one if there are multiple. * At least properly accepted ones should be preferred over doubtful ones. / @Test public void testImplicitNameHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 98); build(src); assertTree("98.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-284 * 4 name pairs each with a diacretic version should result in just 4 distinct nub names. / @Test public void testDiacriticNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 27); build(src); assertEquals(2, countSpecies()); assertEquals(4, countGenera()); } /* * Make sure explicit basionym i.e. original name usage relations make it into the backbone. * Dataset 21 contains a conflicting basionym for Martes martes, make sure we use the preferred source dataset 20. / @Test public void testExplicitBasionyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 20, 21); build(src); assertEquals(1, Iterables.count(getCanonical("Mustela martes", Rank.SPECIES).node.getRelationships(RelType.BASIONYM_OF))); assertEquals(1, Iterables.count(getCanonical("Martes martes", Rank.SPECIES).node.getRelationships(RelType.BASIONYM_OF))); NameUsage u = getUsage(getCanonical("Martes martes", Rank.SPECIES).node); assertEquals("Mustela martes Linnaeus, 1758", u.getBasionym()); u = getUsage(getCanonical("Martes markusis", Rank.SPECIES).node); assertEquals("Cellophania markusa Döring, 2001", u.getBasionym()); u = getUsage(getCanonical("Cellophania markusa", Rank.SPECIES).node); assertNull(u.getBasionym()); } /* * Verifies that the backbone patch file in github is in good shape! * https://github.com/gbif/backbone-patch * <p> * This also check the presence of 2 Sagittariidae families, * see https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/123 * <p> * WARNING! requires online access and working github !!! / @Test public void testBackbonePatch() throws Exception { List<NubSource> ns = new ArrayList<>(); NubSource patch = new DwcaSource("backbone patch", DwcaSourceTest.BACKBONE_PATCH_DWCA, cfg.neo); patch.ignoreRanksAbove = Rank.PHYLUM; patch.supragenericHomonymSource = true; ns.add(patch); NubSource col = new ClasspathSource(146, neoRepo.cfg); // COL hierarchy for 2x Sagittariidae col.ignoreRanksAbove = Rank.KINGDOM; col.supragenericHomonymSource = true; ns.add(col); NubSourceList srcList = new NubSourceList(new NubConfiguration()); srcList.submitSources(ns); build(srcList); // do not assert tree as the patch file changes all the time // make sure we only get 2x Sagittariidae assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Sagittariidae").size()); // 1 Ambrosia only, see https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/143 assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Ambrosia").size()); // 2x Personidae https://github.com/gbif/portal-feedback/issues/3170 assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Personidae").size()); } @Test @Disabled("for manual debugging only. Depends on external resources") public void testExternal() throws Exception { List<NubSource> ns = new ArrayList<>(); NubSource patch = new DwcaSource("Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology", new URL("https://github.com/gbif/iczn-lists/archive/master.zip"), cfg.neo ); //patch.ignoreRanksAbove = Rank.PHYLUM; //patch.supragenericHomonymSource = true; ns.add(patch); NubSourceList srcList = new NubSourceList(new NubConfiguration()); srcList.submitSources(ns); build(srcList); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2786 / @Test public void testStableIds() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3, 2); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); NubUsage u = getScientific("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); int o1 = u.usageKey; u = getScientific("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); int o2 = u.usageKey; int t1 = getScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Alexander, 1934", Rank.SPECIES).usageKey; int t2 = getScientific("Trichoneura hirtella Napper", Rank.SPECIES).usageKey; int t1p = parentOrAccepted(getScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Alexander, 1934", Rank.SPECIES).node).usageKey; int t2p = parentOrAccepted(getScientific("Trichoneura hirtella Napper", Rank.SPECIES).node).usageKey; int b1 = getScientific("Blattaria P.Miller, 1754", Rank.GENUS).usageKey; int b2 = getScientific("Blattaria O.Kuntze, 1891", Rank.GENUS).usageKey; int b3 = getScientific("Blattaria Voet, 1806", Rank.GENUS).usageKey; int b4 = getScientific("Blattaria Weyenbergh, 1874", Rank.GENUS).usageKey; // rebuild nub with additional sources! src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3, 2, 8, 11); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); rebuild(src); assertTree("3 2 8 11.txt"); // assert ids havent changed! u = getScientific("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals(o1, u.usageKey); u = getScientific("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals(o2, u.usageKey); assertEquals(t1, getScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Alexander, 1934", Rank.SPECIES).usageKey); assertEquals(t2, getScientific("Trichoneura hirtella Napper", Rank.SPECIES).usageKey); assertEquals(t1p, parentOrAccepted(getScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Alexander, 1934", Rank.SPECIES).node).usageKey); assertEquals(t2p, parentOrAccepted(getScientific("Trichoneura hirtella Napper", Rank.SPECIES).node).usageKey); assertEquals(b1, getScientific("Blattaria P.Miller, 1754", Rank.GENUS).usageKey); assertEquals(b2, getScientific("Blattaria O.Kuntze, 1891", Rank.GENUS).usageKey); assertEquals(b3, getScientific("Blattaria Voet, 1806", Rank.GENUS).usageKey); assertEquals(b4, getScientific("Blattaria Weyenbergh, 1874", Rank.GENUS).usageKey); } /* * OTU & accepted Coccinella genus * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/142 * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/163 * <p> * 147=CoL * 148=BOLD * 149=WORMS * 150=Checklist of Beetles of Canada and Alaska * 151=Dyntaxa * 152=Dutch Species Register * 153=ITIS * 154=IRMNG * 155=ZooBank * 156=Plazi https://www.gbif.org/dataset/a5b00837-8dfa-46ec-828c-fbaffb41ec69 * 157=Plazi https://www.gbif.org/dataset/c19789c1-c9be-4c54-b130-e1c8e861b2be * 158=Plazi https://www.gbif.org/dataset/f7175382-787c-4bb8-a95f-a6bb704becd0 / @Test public void testStableIds2() throws Exception { int[] sourceKeys = new int[]{147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158}; ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, sourceKeys); src.setSourceRank(147, Rank.KINGDOM); src.setSourceRank(151, Rank.GENUS); src.setSupragenericHomonymSource(147); src.includeOTUs(148); // add Coccinella exclude configs for COL during rebuild only!!! cfg.homonymExclusions.put("Coccinella", Lists.newArrayList("Hydrophilidae", "Mollusca")); build(src); // 1 accepted Coccinella only NubUsage coccinella = getCanonical("Coccinella", Rank.GENUS, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED); assertEquals("Coccinella Linnaeus, 1758", coccinella.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals("Linnaeus, 1758", coccinella.parsedName.authorshipComplete()); assertTree("147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158.txt"); int grac = getScientific("Gracilariaceae", Rank.FAMILY).usageKey; NubUsage u = getScientific("BOLD:ADR0965", Rank.UNRANKED); assertEquals("BOLD:ADR0965", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); int otu = u.usageKey; // rebuild nub with additional sources! src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, sourceKeys); src.setSourceRank(147, Rank.KINGDOM); src.setSupragenericHomonymSource(147); src.includeOTUs(148); rebuild(src); // assert ids havent changed! assertEquals(grac, getScientific("Gracilariaceae", Rank.FAMILY).usageKey); assertEquals(otu, getScientific("BOLD:ADR0965", Rank.UNRANKED).usageKey); } @Test public void testStableIdsBasionymPlaceholder() throws Exception { int[] sourceKeys = new int[]{159}; ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, sourceKeys); build(src); // basionym placeholder NubUsage bp = getScientific("? bracteata D.Don", Rank.UNRANKED); assertEquals("? bracteata D.Don", bp.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals(Origin.BASIONYM_PLACEHOLDER, bp.origin); int bpID = bp.usageKey; assertTree("159.txt"); // rebuild nub with additional sources! src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, sourceKeys); rebuild(src); // assert ids havent changed! assertEquals(bpID, getScientific("? bracteata D.Don", Rank.UNRANKED).usageKey); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/portal-feedback/issues/2732 * 160=CoL * 161=IRMNG * 162=Plazi / @Test public void ixodes() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 160, 161, 162); src.setSourceRank(160, Rank.KINGDOM); src.setSourceRank(162, Rank.GENUS); src.setSourceIgnoreSynonyms(162, true); cfg.homonymExclusions.put("Ixodes", Lists.newArrayList("Aves")); build(src); // plazi genus is blocked, just the ticks one is left NubUsage u = getCanonical("Ixodes", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Ixodes Latreille, 1795", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Ixodes Latreille, 1795", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals("Ixodidae", parentOrAccepted(u.node).parsedName.getScientificName()); // plazi species still there assertEquals("Ixodes granulatus Supino, 1897", getCanonical("Ixodes granulatus", Rank.SPECIES).parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/portal-feedback/issues/2732 * 163=CoL * 164=WCVP * 165=WoRMS * 166=ITIS * 167=IRMNG * 168=IPNI * 169=ZooBank / @Test public void jerdonia() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169); src.setSourceRank(163, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("163 164 165 166 167 168 169.txt"); } /* * 170=CoL * 171=Danish National List / @Test public void speciesAuthorErrors() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 170, 171); src.setSourceRank(170, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("170 171.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3024 * 77=CoL * 78=IRMNG * 79=IOC Birds * 80=TAXREF * 81=IPNI / @Test public void testUpdateAuthors() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81); src.setSourceRank(77, Rank.KINGDOM); src.setNomenclator(81); build(src); NubUsage u = getScientific("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); u = getScientific("Oenanthe L.", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe L.", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe L.", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertTree("77 78 79 80 81.txt"); } @Test public void testUpdateClassification() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3, 5, 7); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); // no authors in family names NubUsage fam = assertCanonical("Agaricaceae", "", Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE); NubUsage g = assertCanonical("Lepiota", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, fam); NubUsage ls = assertCanonical("Lepiota seminuda", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, g); assertClassification(ls, "Lepiota", "Agaricaceae", "Agaricales", "Agaricomycetes", "Basidiomycota", "Fungi"); // this genus should not be updated as its classification in source 7 contradicts the original one NubUsage b = assertCanonical("Berto", "Miller", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE); assertClassification(b, "Agaricales", "Agaricomycetes", "Basidiomycota", "Fungi"); } @Test public void testCreateImplicitGenus() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 1)); NubUsage genusF = assertCanonical("Lepiota", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, Kingdom.FUNGI, null); assertCanonical("Lepiota seminuda", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, genusF); final NubUsage species = assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, genusF); assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda elegans", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, species); assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda europaea", Rank.VARIETY, Origin.SOURCE, species); NubUsage genusA = assertCanonical("Lepiota", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, null); assertCanonical("Lepiota carlanova", "MD", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, genusA); } /* * Accepted infraspecific names must have a corresponding autonym in both the zoological and botanical code. * In zoology we only accept infraspecies taxa at the rank of subspecies. * In botany it can be at subspecies, variety or form level. * For synonyms autonyms are NOT generated. / @Test public void testCreateImplicitAutonym() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 1)); List<NubUsage> nudas = listCanonical("Lepiota nuda nuda"); assertEquals(2, nudas.size()); NubUsage var = null; NubUsage ssp = null; for (NubUsage u : nudas) { assertEquals(Origin.AUTONYM, u.origin); assertEquals("Lepiota nuda nuda", u.parsedName.canonicalName()); if (u.rank == Rank.SUBSPECIES) { assertEquals("Lepiota nuda subsp. nuda", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); ssp = u; } else if (u.rank == Rank.VARIETY) { assertEquals("Lepiota nuda var. nuda", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); var = u; } else { fail("bad rank"); } } assertEquals(Rank.SUBSPECIES, ssp.rank); assertEquals(Rank.VARIETY, var.rank); // bad ranks, no autonym should be created assertTrue(listCanonical("Lepiota nuda maxima").isEmpty()); assertNull(getCanonical("Lepiota nuda nuda", Rank.SUBVARIETY)); } @Test public void testHigherClassification() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertNotNull(getCanonical("Animalia", Rank.KINGDOM)); assertNotNull(getCanonical("Coleoptera", Rank.ORDER)); assertNotNull(getCanonical("Poaceae", Rank.FAMILY)); } /* * Make sure that species not snapping to any existing higher taxon get created under the incertae sedis kingdom * Also allow subsequent source to move a taxon from incertae sedis to somewhere else / @Test public void testIncertaeSedis() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 34, 105); build(src); assertTree("34 105.txt"); } /* * Testing entire family Hymenopodidae from the Mantodea dataset: * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2986 / @Test public void testIncertaeSedisSynonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 42); build(src); assertTree("42.txt"); } @Test public void testColAdiantumSynonym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 8); src.setSourceRank(8, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("8.txt"); List<NubUsage> pedatums = listCanonical("Adiantum pedatum"); assertEquals(4, pedatums.size()); for (NubUsage u : pedatums) { System.out.println(u.parsedName.getScientificName()); NubUsage p = parentOrAccepted(u.node); NameUsage nu = dao.readUsage(p.node, true); switch (u.parsedName.getScientificName()) { case "Adiantum pedatum": assertFalse(u.status.isSynonym()); assertEquals("Adiantum", p.parsedName.canonicalName()); break; case "Adiantum pedatum Forst.": assertTrue(u.status.isSynonym()); assertFalse(p.status.isSynonym()); assertEquals("Adiantum hispidulum Sw.", p.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals((Integer) 104, nu.getSourceTaxonKey()); break; case "Adiantum pedatum A.Peter": assertTrue(u.status.isSynonym()); assertFalse(p.status.isSynonym()); assertEquals("Adiantum patens subsp. oatesii (Bak.) Schelpe", p.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals((Integer) 105, nu.getSourceTaxonKey()); break; case "Adiantum pedatum Raddi": assertTrue(u.status.isSynonym()); assertFalse(p.status.isSynonym()); assertEquals("Adiantum brasiliense Raddi", p.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals((Integer) 106, nu.getSourceTaxonKey()); break; default: fail("Unexpected name " + u.parsedName.getScientificName()); } } } /* * An accepted species with a genus that the nub already considers as a synonym should not be accepted. * Try to combine the epithet to the accepted genus and if its a new name make it doubtful until we hit another source with that name. / @Test public void testSpeciesInSynonymGenus() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 11, 12); build(src); NubUsage oct = assertCanonical("Octopus", "Cuvier, 1797", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); NubUsage amph = assertCanonical("Amphioctopus", "Fischer, 1882", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.SYNONYM, oct); assertCanonical("Octopus vulgaris", "Cuvier, 1797", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, oct); // not the same year, so basionym grouping not applied assertCanonical("Octopus fangsiao", "d'Orbigny, 1839", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, oct); assertCanonical("Amphioctopus fangsiao", "(d'Orbigny, 1835)", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, oct, NameUsageIssue.NAME_PARENT_MISMATCH); assertNull(getCanonical("Octopus markus", Rank.SPECIES)); // accepted species becomes doubtful with issue and parent Octopus assertCanonical("Amphioctopus markus", "Döring, 1999", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, oct, NameUsageIssue.NAME_PARENT_MISMATCH); } /* * The genus name Oenanthe is used as * 1. accepted bird genus Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816 * 2. accepted plant genus Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753 * Similar the genus Trichoneura: * http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/search/all/key/Trichoneura/match/1 * The genus Blattaria exists 4 times in IRMNG: * 1. Blattaria P. Miller, 1754 [Scrophulariaceae] * 2. Blattaria O. Kuntze, 1891 [Malvaceae] SYN of Pentapetes Linnaeus 1753 * 3. Blattaria Voet, 1806 [Coleoptera] * 4. Blattaria Weyenbergh, 1874 [Orthoptera fossil] * Blattaria only exists as synonym species names in CoL. * Should there be any accepted genus at all in GBIF? * Also test what happens if a higher taxon exists twice with a slightly different classification in CoL. * E.g. class Jungermanniopsida * Suggest to keep the first occurrence / @Test public void testHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3, 2); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Oenanthe").size()); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Trichoneura").size()); assertEquals(4, listCanonical("Blattaria").size()); NubUsage march = assertCanonical("Marchantiophyta", null, Rank.PHYLUM, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Jungermanniopsida", Rank.CLASS, Origin.SOURCE, march); assertTree("3 2.txt"); } @Test public void testHomonym2() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3, 2, 36); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Trichoneura bontocensis").size()); NubUsage u1 = assertScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Alexander, 1934", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null); assertScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Perseus, 1999", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, acceptedOrDoubtful(u1.status), null); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Heliopyrgus willi").size()); u1 = assertScientific("Heliopyrgus willi People, 1974", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null); assertScientific("Heliopyrgus willi Plötz, 1884", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, acceptedOrDoubtful(u1.status), null); List<NubUsage> res = listCanonical("Meliopyrgus willi"); assertEquals(2, res.size()); u1 = assertScientific("Meliopyrgus willi People, 1974", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null); assertScientific("Meliopyrgus willi Plötz, 1884", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, acceptedOrDoubtful(u1.status), null); assertTree("3 2 36.txt"); } /* * When given accepted or doubtful this returns the other status. * Any other status then the 2 will results in an IAE. * Good for testing that there is only one accepted, but when the routine is non deterministic which it is. / static TaxonomicStatus acceptedOrDoubtful(TaxonomicStatus other) { switch (other) { case ACCEPTED: return TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL; case DOUBTFUL: return TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED; } throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only accepted or doubtful expected"); } static void singleAcceptedOthersDoubtful(Collection<NubUsage> usages) { boolean accepted = false; for (NubUsage u : usages) { if (u.status == TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED) { if (accepted) fail("Multiple accepted usages"); accepted = true; } else { assertEquals(TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, u.status); } } } @Test public void testGenusHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 29, 30, 31); src.setSourceRank(29, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); NubUsage pyro = assertCanonical("Pyrostephos", "Moser, 1925", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Mica micula", "Margulis, 1982", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, pyro); assertCanonical("Mica spectata", "", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, pyro); List<NubUsage> micas = listCanonical("Mica"); assertEquals(5, micas.size()); assertTree("29 30 31.txt"); } /* * Exclude 2 families Limoniidae & Poaceae / @Test public void testExclusion() throws Exception { Map<Integer, List<RankedName>> exclusions = new HashMap<>(); exclusions.put(2, Lists.newArrayList( new RankedName("Poaceae", Rank.FAMILY), new RankedName("Limoniidae", Rank.FAMILY) )); ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, exclusions, 2); build(src); assertTree("2ex.txt"); } @Test public void testHybrids() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 9); src.setSourceRank(9, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertNotNull(getCanonical("Plantae", Rank.KINGDOM)); assertCanonical("Adiantum", "", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME); assertCanonical("Asplenium", "", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME); assertCanonical("Adiantum capillus-veneris", "L.", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Asplenium adiantum-nigrum", "", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME); assertCanonical("Asplenium adiantum-nigrum yuanum", "(Ching) Viane, Rasbach, Reichstein & Schneller", null, Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Adiantum moranii", "J.Prado", NamePart.SPECIFIC, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE); assertNull(getCanonical("Asplenium adiantum nigrum × septentrionale", Rank.SPECIES)); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2874 * As found in CoL as of june 2015. 4 times the same moss species name Fontinalis antipyretica with different authors, all accepted. * These are likely chresonyms that slipped through the COL editors attention. * This is illegal to the code rules, so just one should be accepted. * Pick one and make all others doubtful. * <p> * Abies taxifolia C.Presl * Abies taxifolia Drum. ex Gordon * Abies taxifolia Jeffr. ex Gordon * Abies taxifolia Raf. / @Test public void testMultipleAcceptedNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 10, 37, 38, 39); build(src); NubUsage genus = assertCanonical("Fontinalis", "", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME); int accepted = 0; int doubtful = 0; for (NubUsage c : children(genus.node)) { assertEquals(Rank.SPECIES, c.rank); assertEquals("Fontinalis antipyretica", c.parsedName.canonicalName()); if (c.status == TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED) { accepted++; } else if (c.status == TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL) { doubtful++; } else { fail("Fontinalis antipyretica species must be accepted or doubtful"); } } assertEquals(1, accepted); assertEquals(3, doubtful); List<NubUsage> usages = new ArrayList<>(); usages.add(assertScientific("Abies pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Royle", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null)); usages.add(assertScientific("Abies pindrow Spach", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null)); singleAcceptedOthersDoubtful(usages); usages.clear(); usages.add(assertScientific("Abies taxifolia Raf.", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null)); usages.add(assertScientific("Abies taxifolia C.Presl", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null)); usages.add(assertScientific("Abies taxifolia Drum. ex Gordon", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null)); singleAcceptedOthersDoubtful(usages); assertNotExisting("Abies taxifolia Jeffr. ex Gordon", Rank.SPECIES); assertTree("10 37 38 39.txt"); } /* * Avoid seeing a stackoverflow error when trying to persist missing genus or autonyms * with incomplete names missing a genus but that can be parsed. / @Test public void testIncompleteNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 24); src.setSourceRank(24, Rank.FAMILY); build(src); assertTrue(listCanonical("doliolum").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Aster doliolum").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Cichorium doliolum").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Cichorium doliolum doliolum").isEmpty()); assertTree("24.txt"); } /* * CoL used to contain the genus Albizia twice within the plants as an accepted name (Fabaceae & Asteraceae). * http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/17793647/source/tree * http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/11468181/source/tree * The backbone should only contain one accepted genus in Fabaceae. * The Asteraceae one as doubtful. / @Test public void testAlbiziaCoL() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 13); src.setSourceRank(13, Rank.FAMILY); build(src); NubUsage fab = assertCanonical("Fabaceae", "", null, Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); NubUsage genus = assertCanonical("Albizia", "", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, fab); NubUsage adianthifolia = assertCanonical("Albizia adianthifolia", "(Schum.) W.Wight", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, genus); assertCanonical("Albi minki", "W.Wight", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, null); NubUsage tomentosa = assertCanonical("Albi tomentosa", "(Micheli) Standl.", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); // these are recombinations from the Albizia names above // But because they appear in the same source we do not convert them into synonyms assertCanonical("Albizia tomentosa", "(Micheli) Standl.", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, tomentosa); assertCanonical("Albi adianthifolia", "(Schum.) W.Wight", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, adianthifolia); assertTree("13.txt"); } /* * CoL contains concept synonyms using the "sensu" notation in the ILDIS GSD (maybe elsewhere too). * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-389 * See http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/11468181/source/tree * Albizia adianthifolia (Schum.) W.Wight has the following synonyms: * Albizia gummifera sensu Capuron, p.p. * Albizia gummifera sensu R.O.Williams * Albizia sassa sensu Aubrev. * Mimosa adianthifolia Schum. * Albizia sassa is a synonym twice: * http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/search/all/key/Albizia+sassa/match/1 * Albizia gummifera is both accepted and a synonym when used as a concept: * http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/search/all/key/Albizia+gummifera/match/1 * Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm. (ACC) * Albizia gummifera sensu Capuron, p.p. (SYN) * Albizia gummifera sensu R.O.Williams (SYN) / @Test public void testSecSynonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 28); src.setSourceRank(28, Rank.FAMILY); build(src); NubUsage ast = assertCanonical("Asteraceae", "", null, Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); NubUsage alb = assertCanonical("Albizia", null, null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, ast); NubUsage gummi = assertCanonical("Albizia gummifera", "L.", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, alb); NubUsage adia = assertCanonical("Albizia adianthifolia", "(Schum.) W.Wight", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, alb); assertEquals(0, listSynonyms(adia).size()); } /* * The same canonical name with a different author can be used as synonyms multiple times. * See http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-353 / @Test public void testSynonymsWithDifferentAuthors() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 14); build(src); // we should only have one accepted Geotrupes stercorarius as one name lacks the combination author! assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Geotrupes stercorarius").size()); NubUsage gen = assertCanonical("Geotrupes", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertScientific("Geotrupes stercorarius (Linnaeus, 1758)", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertNotExisting("Geotrupes stercorarius Erichson, 1847", Rank.SPECIES); assertCanonical("Geotrupes spiniger", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Poa pubescens").size()); gen = assertCanonical("Poa", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); NubUsage acc = assertScientific("Poa pratensis L.", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertScientific("Poa pubescens Lej.", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.SYNONYM, acc); gen = assertCanonical("Eragrostis", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); acc = assertScientific("Eragrostis pubescens (R.Br.) Steud.", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertScientific("Poa pubescens R.Br.", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.SYNONYM, acc); } /* * See http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-325 * Nitrospira is an accepted canonical name at various ranks: * 1. genus Nitrospira Watson et al., 1986 * 2. class Nitrospira * 3. phylum Nitrospira * Vertebrata is both an accepted subphylum and a genus. * Lobata is a genus (algae) & an order (animal) * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-362 / @Test public void testInterrankHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 19); src.setSourceRank(19, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Archaea").size()); assertEquals(3, listCanonical("Nitrospira").size()); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Lobata").size()); // we ignore subphyla assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Vertebrata").size()); assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Radiolaria").size()); } /* * WoRMS contains some synonyms with the same canonical name that include the subgenus or not. * Make sure they all get merged into one synonym in the nub. * See http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=191705 / @Test public void testWormsSubgenusAlternateRepresentations() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 18); build(src); NubUsage gen = assertCanonical("Hyalonema", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); // we dont have subgenera in the nub assertNotExisting("Hyalonema (Corynonema) Ijima, 1927", Rank.SUBGENUS); assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Hyalonema rotundum").size()); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Hyalonema rotundum", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertTree("18.txt"); } /* * - deal with unspecified infraspecific ranks in CoL * - IPNI names only linked to the familiy with no other hierarchy * - redundant IPNI names / @Test public void testColAndIpni() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 32, 33); src.setSourceRank(32, Rank.PHYLUM); src.setNomenclator(33); build(src); assertTree("32 33.txt"); } /* * Avoid Plantae spec. and other indetermined names found in Pensoft sources. / @Test public void testSpecNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 44); build(src); assertTree("44.txt"); } /* * Make sure families with different authorships dont get created twice. * We want unique names! / @Test public void testUniqueFamilies() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 45); src.setSourceRank(45, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertScientific("Asteraceae", Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertTree("45.txt"); } @Test @Disabled("Manual test for profiling performance issues") public void testPerformance() throws Exception { NubSourceList src = new NubSourceList(new NubConfiguration()); src.submitSources(Lists.newArrayList( new RandomSource(200000, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, neoRepo.cfg), new RandomSource(100, Kingdom.BACTERIA, neoRepo.cfg), new RandomSource(100, Kingdom.ARCHAEA, neoRepo.cfg), new RandomSource(20000, Kingdom.FUNGI, neoRepo.cfg), new RandomSource(50000, Kingdom.PLANTAE, neoRepo.cfg))); build(src); } /* * CoL contains canonical synonyms without authorship which are linked to an accepted taxon which has the same canonical name, but includes proper * authorship. * Ignore those synonyms as they are meaningless and cluttering. / @Test public void testAvoidCanonicalSynonym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 17); build(src); assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Fuligo septica").size()); } /* * Nub builds seem to have trouble if the given rank and the name parsed rank differ. * Make sure higher taxonomy does not suffer from that. * <p> * order Echiuroidea with family Ikedidae [family] * Araneae * * @throws Exception / @Test public void testHigherRanksWithAwkwardsSuffices() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 46); src.setSourceRank(46, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("46.txt"); } /* * Assert behavior for various unparsable names. * There are no implicit names for unparsables, hence classification can miss the genus / @Test public void testUnparsables() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 47); build(src); assertTree("47.txt"); } /* * Pro parte synonyms should exist as a single synonym node with multiple synonym relations / @Test public void testProParteSynonym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 15, 16); build(src); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Poa pubescens", "Lej.", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.PROPARTE_SYNONYM, null); assertEquals(3, u.sourceIds.size()); NameUsage nu = dao.readUsage(u.node, true); assertEquals("Poa pratensis L.", nu.getAccepted()); List<Relationship> rels = Iterables.asList(u.node.getRelationships(RelType.PROPARTE_SYNONYM_OF, Direction.OUTGOING)); Relationship acc = Iterables.single(u.node.getRelationships(RelType.SYNONYM_OF, Direction.OUTGOING)); assertEquals(1, rels.size()); assertNotEquals(rels.get(0).getEndNode(), acc.getEndNode()); assertTree("15 16.txt"); } /* * Prefer a nomenclator name and nom status over any other sources! * Prefer a name with authorship over a bare canonical one. * Use a nomenclators taxonID as scientificNameID for the nub usage. / @Test @Disabled("write test") public void testUpdateNameString() throws Exception { } /* * Test merging of taxon classification from different sources. * Only merge the classification when taxonomic status is the same. * For synonyms use the accepted name from later sources in case the primary one is incertae-sedis. / @Test @Disabled("write test") public void testMergingClassification() throws Exception { } /* * A homotypical synonym from a source which points to a name which is considered a heterotypical synonym in the nub * must be converted into a heterotypical synoym. * In the synonymy here: http://cichorieae.e-taxonomy.net/portal/cdm_dataportal/taxon/209399b6-0d3c-4f5a-9f0d-b49ebe0f9403/synonymy * the Macrorhynchus humilis group (and all others below) are heterotypical synoyms of Agoseris apargioides, but they have homotypical * synonyms listed under them. The final synonym relationship from Agoseris apargioides var. maritima to Agoseris apargioides is therefore * a heterotypical one, not homotypic! / @Test @Disabled("write test") public void testHomoToHeteroTypicalSynonym() throws Exception { } @Test public void testBeeBasionyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 40); src.setSourceRank(40, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); NubUsage nu = assertScientific("Amegilla atrocincta (Lepeletier)", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); NameUsage u = getUsage(nu.node); assertEquals("Anthophora atrocincta Lepeletier, 1841", u.getBasionym()); printTree(); assertTree("40.txt"); } /* * Neotetrastichodes flavus Girault, 1913 in the col takes priority and is a synonym of A. rieki. * Therefore all combinations of that species epithet become also synonyms including the formerly doubtfully accepted Aprostocetus flavus (Girault, 1913) / @Test public void testMultipleOriginals() throws Exception { // data from catalog of life=48, IRMNG=49 ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 48, 50); build(src); printTree(); assertTree("48 50.txt"); } /* * Same as above, but this time Aprostocetus flavus is a properly accepted name in CoL and takes priority. * Therefore we keep 2 accepted taxa and not all names get merged. / @Test public void testMultipleOriginals2() throws Exception { // data from catalog of life=49, IRMNG=50 ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 49, 50); build(src); printTree(); assertTree("49 50.txt"); } /* * Neotetrastichodes flavus is a synonym of Aprostocetus rieki, but also the basionym of Aprostocetus flavus. * Expect the basionym to be a synonym of Aprostocetus flavus if its present in different sources. * <p> * Leave other accepted species as it was - we could consider to merge them all into a single accepted name... / @Test public void testOverlappingBasionyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 51, 144); build(src); printTree(); assertTree("51 144.txt"); } /* * Eternal loop that keeps the shell up and running so one can conenct to it and issue queries. / private void runShell() throws InterruptedException { System.out.println("run shell forever ..."); while (true) { Thread.sleep(1000); } } /* * Virus names are not parsable, do extra test to verify behavior / @Test public void testVirusNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 22, 23); src.setSourceRank(22, Rank.ORDER); src.setSourceRank(23, Rank.GENUS); build(src); NubUsage u = assertScientific("Ranid herpesvirus 1", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(2, u.sourceIds.size()); u = assertScientific("Varicellovirus", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(2, u.sourceIds.size()); assertScientific("Cervid herpesvirus 1", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, u); assertScientific("Cervid herpesvirus 2", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, u); u = assertScientific("Herpesvirales", Rank.ORDER, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertScientific("Phaseolus vulgaris Tpv2-6 virus", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, u); assertScientific("Chickpea stunt disease associated virus", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, u); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2815 / @Test public void testGenusYears() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 35); build(src); // Heliopyrgus NubUsage gen = assertCanonical("Heliopyrgus", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(0, gen.issues.size()); NubUsage spec = assertCanonical("Heliopyrgus willi", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertTrue(spec.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Heliopyrgus willisyn", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.SYNONYM, spec); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); u = assertCanonical("Heliopyrgus willi banane", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, spec); assertTrue(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); u = assertCanonical("Heliopyrgus correctwilli", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); // Meliopyrgus gen = assertCanonical("Meliopyrgus", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(0, gen.issues.size()); u = assertCanonical("Meliopyrgus willi", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); u = assertCanonical("Meliopyrgus correctwilli", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); // Leliopyrgus gen = assertCanonical("Leliopyrgus", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(0, gen.issues.size()); u = assertCanonical("Leliopyrgus willi", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); u = assertCanonical("Leliopyrgus correctwilli", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); } /* * Make sure frequent INFRASPECIES rank in col is parsed into real ranks / @Test public void testInfraspeciesRanks() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 53); build(src); assertCanonical("Lupinus sericeus flavus", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertCanonical("Lupinus sericeus jonesii", Rank.VARIETY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertTree("52.txt"); } /* * Avoid bad parent relationships or even loops. * 52=CoL * 54=ITIS * 55=IPNI / @Test public void testColItisIpniMerger() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 52, 54, 55); src.setNomenclator(55); build(src); assertTree("52 54 55.txt"); } /* * Test to avoid self loops in CoL autonyms, caused by bad basionym grouping. * 56=CoL * 57=IRMNG * 58=IF * <p> * Parmelia tiliacea is created as an implicit name because IRMNG uses "Parmelia tiliacea sensu auct. brit.p.p." which gets ignored as a concept name / @Test public void testColIfAutonym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 56, 57, 58); src.setNomenclator(58); build(src); assertTree("56 57 58.txt"); } /* * Test nested infraspecific source taxa. * In the nub we do not want nested infraspecific taxa, but attach all accepted infraspecific names to the species directly / @Test public void testInfraspecificTrees() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 59); build(src); assertTree("59.txt"); } @Test public void testInfraspecificBasionymGrouping() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 60, 145); build(src); assertTree("60 145.txt"); } /* * 61=CoL * 62=IPNI / @Test public void testAutonymColBasionym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 61, 62); src.setNomenclator(62); build(src); assertTree("61 62.txt"); } /* * Make sure names coming in from sources without a kingdom or classification still contains to existing names in a proper kingdom * E.g. Toxostoma rufum in PalaeoDB has no classification and "should" be merged with existing animal Toxostoma rufum (Linnaeus, 1758) * <p> * Examples here use Parmelina quercina for tests / @Test public void testInsertaeSedisDuplicates() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 58, 63); build(src); assertTree("58 63.txt"); } /* * Make sure aggregate names such as Achillea millefolium at rank SPECIES_AGGREGATE which are binomials are treated as species. * But ignore names at higher ranks such as Achillea pillefolium INFRAGENERIC_NAME. / @Test public void testAggregates() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 64); build(src); assertTree("64.txt"); } /* * Make sure subgenera in binomial names are removed. / @Test public void testSubgenusRemoval() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 65); build(src); assertTree("65.txt"); } /* * Some plazi datasets (but also others) get indexed badly by us cause they contain bad synonymies linking a genus to a species. * That corrupts the entire, normalized classification and nub builds must be able to deal with these inverted, bad classifications. / @Test public void testBadPlaziHierarchy() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 66); build(src); assertTree("66.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2824 / @Test public void testBasionymEpithetStemming() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 67, 142); build(src); assertTree("67 142.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2989 / @Test public void testMantodeaBasionyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 68); build(src); assertTree("68.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3024 * 70=COL * 71=Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology * 72=ITIS * 73=IRMNG * 74=Clements Birds * 75=IOC Birds * 76=IPNI / @Test public void testCardinalis() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76); src.setNomenclator(76); build(src); assertTree("70 71 72 73 74 75 76.txt"); } private NubUsage create(int id, Rank rank, Kingdom kingdom, String sciname) { NubUsage u = new NubUsage(); u.node = dao.createTaxon(); u.usageKey = id; u.rank = rank; u.kingdom = kingdom; u.parsedName = NameParsers.INSTANCE.parseQuietly(sciname, rank); dao.store(u); return u; } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3060 * 70=COL * 71=Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology * 72=ITIS * 73=IRMNG * 74=Clements Birds * 75=IOC Birds * 76=IPNI / @Test public void testCardinalisWithExistingNub() throws Exception { // create existing genus & species from 2013 backbone tx = dao.beginTx(); create(3241527, Rank.GENUS, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis Bonaparte, 1838"); create(2490383, Rank.GENUS, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis Bonaparte, 1831"); create(3232102, Rank.GENUS, Kingdom.PLANTAE, "Cardinalis Fabricius, 1759"); create(2490384, Rank.SPECIES, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)"); create(4846779, Rank.SPECIES, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)"); create(7191770, Rank.SUBSPECIES, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis cardinalis subsp. cardinalis"); create(5230886, Rank.SUBSPECIES, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis cardinalis clintoni (Banks, 1963)"); // rebuild nub ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76); src.setNomenclator(76); rebuild(src); assertTree("70 71 72 73 74 75 76.txt"); assertKey("Cardinalis Fabr.", Rank.GENUS, Kingdom.PLANTAE, 3232102); assertKey("Cardinalis Bonaparte, 1838", Rank.GENUS, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, 3241527); assertKey("Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)", Rank.SPECIES, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, 2490384); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3063 * 82=COL * 83=ITIS * 84=DynTaxa * 85=IRMNG / @Test public void testNameDuplication() throws Exception { // rebuild nub ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 82, 83, 84, 85); src.setSourceRank(82, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("82 83 84 85.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3069 * Austrorhynchus pectatus pectatus f. Sporn looks already wrong in WoRMS but even worse in GBIF as: Austrorhynchus pectatus null pectatus * http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=154959 * <p> * 86=WoRMS * 87=TAXREF / @Test public void testNullNames() throws Exception { // rebuild nub ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 86, 87); build(src); assertTree("86 87.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3070 * <p> * 88=CoL * 89=Orthoptera SPecies File * 90=IRMNG / @Test public void testRedundantHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 88, 89, 90); src.setSourceRank(88, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("88 89 90.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3169 * <p> * 104=Palaeodb / @Test public void avoidKingdomSpeciesSynonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 104); build(src); assertTree("104.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/PF-2600 / @Test public void testGenusNormilization() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 106, 107); build(src); assertTree("106 107.txt"); } /* * Test hyphens in genus name. * Only one of these 2 should exist, preferrably the Camel-Case * Drake-brockmania * Drake-Brockmania * <p> * This should be allowed to also exist but always as a synonym of the above! * Drakebrockmania / @Test @Disabled("NubBuilder needs code change first") public void testDrakeBrockmania() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 108, 109, 110); src.setSourceRank(108, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("108 109 110.txt"); } @Test public void testColInfraspecificRank() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 111); build(src); assertTree("111.txt"); assertScientific("Collotheca heptabrachiata var. molundica", Rank.VARIETY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); } /* * by introducing the type specimen checklist we see many apparently accepted names coming in via different kingdoms. * Make sure these get merged if the name matches incl authorship! / @Test public void testDifferentKingdoms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 112, 113); // type specimen list src.setSourceRank(113, Rank.SPECIES); build(src); assertTree("112 113.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3168 / @Test public void testBadSpeciesSynonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 114); src.setSourceRank(114, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("114.txt"); } /* * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3213 / @Test public void testNamePublishedIn() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 115); src.setSourceRank(115, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Archelytron", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, null); assertEquals("Insektenfunde aus den Goldlauterer Schichten des Thüringer Waldes. Hallesches Jahrbuch für Mitteldeutsche Erdgeschichte 1:241-258. 1952", u.publishedIn); u = assertCanonical("Blatta hyperborea", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null); assertEquals("O. Heer. 1870. Die Miocene flora und fauna Spitzbergens. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 8(7):1-98", u.publishedIn); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/25 / @Test @Disabled public void testNewSpeciesInHomonymGenus() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 116, 117); src.setSourceRank(116, Rank.PHYLUM); src.setSourceRank(117, Rank.GENUS); src.setNomenclator(117); build(src); assertTree("116 117.txt"); } /* * Allow OTU names in the backbone, e.g. from BOLD & UNITE / @Test public void testOtuNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 118, 119); src.setSourceRank(118, Rank.PHYLUM); src.setSourceRank(119, Rank.GENUS); src.includeOTUs(118); src.includeOTUs(119); build(src); NubUsage u = assertScientific("BOLD:ABW2624", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null); assertEquals(NameType.OTU, u.parsedName.getType()); u = assertScientific("SH002390.07FU", Rank.UNRANKED, Origin.SOURCE, null, null); assertEquals(NameType.OTU, u.parsedName.getType()); assertTree("118 119.txt"); } /* * 120 = COL * 121 = WORMS * * @throws Exception / @Test @Disabled("needs implemented") public void avoidProparteFamilyHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 120, 121); src.setSourceRank(120, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("120 121.txt"); } /* * Make sure blacklisted names dont make it into the backbone * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/47 / @Test public void testBlacklist() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 122); src.includeOTUs(122); build(src); assertTree("122.txt"); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/30 / @Test public void test30() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 123, 124); build(src); assertTree("123 124.txt"); } /* * Verify canonical name building. * Subspecies in zoology should not have a marker / @Test public void testNameFormatting() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 125); build(src); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Puma yagouaroundi chilensis", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null); assertEquals(Rank.SUBSPECIES, u.parsedName.getRank()); assertEquals("Puma yagouaroundi chilensis L.", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertTree("125.txt"); } /* * Verify binomials with higher rank * and abbreviated namess * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/62 / @Test public void testAbbrevNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 126); build(src); assertTree("126.txt"); } /* * Test WoRMS case of badly nested varieties combined with a duplicate autonym * leading to node NotFoundException * <p> * 127=CoL * 128=WoRMS * <p> * The main error comes from bad normalization of the WoRMS DwCA and should be tested in the Normalizer. * But the nub build should be gracefully dealing with such data as it is currently present in CLB. / @Test public void testIllegalVarWorms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 127, 128); src.setSourceRank(127, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("127 128.txt"); } @Test public void testBlacklistedNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 129); build(src); assertTree("129.txt"); } @Test public void testHomonymFamiliesPatch() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 130, 131, 132); src.setSourceRank(130, Rank.PHYLUM); // backbone patch src.setSourceRank(131, Rank.PHYLUM); // CoL src.setSupragenericHomonymSource(130); build(src); assertTree("130 131 132.txt"); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/93 / @Test public void testColHomonymGenera() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 139, 140, 141); src.setSourceRank(139, Rank.PHYLUM); // backbone patch src.setSourceRank(140, Rank.PHYLUM); // CoL //src.setSupragenericHomonymSource(140); build(src); assertTree("139 140 141.txt"); } @Test public void testClementsDups() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 133, 134); src.setSourceRank(133, Rank.PHYLUM); // CoL src.setSourceRank(134, Rank.PHYLUM); // Clements Birdlist build(src); assertTree("133 134.txt"); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/88 / @Test public void testLinnaeus() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 135); src.setSourceRank(135, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("135.txt"); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/88 / @Test public void testBoldPlaceholder() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 136); src.includeOTUs(136); build(src); assertTree("136.txt"); } /* * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/91 / @Test public void testSpeciesPatch() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 137, 138); src.setSourceRank(137, Rank.PHYLUM); // backbone patch src.setSourceRank(138, Rank.PHYLUM); // CoL src.setSupragenericHomonymSource(137); build(src); assertTree("137 138.txt"); } @Test public void misapplied() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 172); build(src); assertTree("172.txt"); } @Test public void nameTypeMapping() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 173); src.setSourceRank(173, Rank.PHYLUM); src.includeOTUs(173); src.setNameTypeMapping(173, new ImmutableMap.Builder<NameType, NameType>() .put(NameType.INFORMAL, NameType.OTU) .put(NameType.HYBRID, NameType.OTU) .put(NameType.PLACEHOLDER, NameType.OTU) .put(NameType.BLACKLISTED, NameType.OTU) .build() ); build(src); assertTree("173.txt"); } @Test public void defaultParents() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 174); src.setSourceRank(174, Rank.PHYLUM); src.setDefaultParent(174, Rank.KINGDOM, "Fungi"); build(src); assertTree("174.txt"); } @Test public void defaultParents2() throws Exception { } /* * Snap subclass to class if matching * https://github.com/gbif/portal-feedback/issues/3579 * * 176=Patch * 177=COL * 178=other / @Test public void testArachnidaSubclass() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 176, 177, 178); src.setSourceRank(176, Rank.PHYLUM); src.setSourceRank(177, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("176 177 178.txt"); } / * COL contains via Systema Dipterorum "duplicate" names that differ only by having the subgenus cited. * Make sure these are recognized as a single name in the nub. * * 179=COL / @Test public void subgenusDupe() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 179); src.setSourceRank(179, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("179.txt"); } /* * For profiling memory usage of nub builds / @Test @Disabled("for manual profiling only") public void testMemFootprint() throws Exception { List<RandomSource> sources = Lists.newArrayList(); for (int x = 0; x < 1000; x++) { sources.add(new RandomSource(50, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, neoRepo.cfg)); sources.add(new RandomSource(30, Kingdom.PLANTAE, neoRepo.cfg)); sources.add(new RandomSource(20, Kingdom.FUNGI, neoRepo.cfg)); } NubSourceList src = new NubSourceList(new NubConfiguration()); src.submitSources(sources); build(src); } /* * builds a new nub and keeps dao open for further test queries. / private void build(NubSourceList src, @Nullable File treeOutput) throws Exception { Stopwatch watch = Stopwatch.createUnstarted(); NubBuilder nb = NubBuilder.create(dao, src, IdLookupImpl.temp().load(Lists.<LookupUsage>newArrayList()), 10, cfg); nb.setCloseDao(false); try { nb.run(); } catch (AssertionError e) { printTree(); throw e; } log("Nub build completed in %sms", watch.elapsed(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)); tx = dao.beginTx(); dao.logAll(); if (treeOutput != null) { printTree(treeOutput); } else { printTree(); } // assert we have only ever 8 root taxa - the kingdoms assertEquals(Kingdom.values().length, countRoot()); // assert we have unique ids assertUniqueIds(); log("Core test completed in %sms", watch.elapsed(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)); } private void build(NubSourceList src) throws Exception { build(src, null); } private void assertUniqueIds() { Set<Integer> keys = Sets.newHashSet(); for (Node n : Iterators.loop(dao.allTaxa())) { NubUsage u = dao.readNub(n); if (keys.contains(u.usageKey)) { System.err.println(u); fail("Nub keys not unique: " + u.usageKey); } else { keys.add(u.usageKey); } } } private void rebuild(NubSourceList src) throws Exception { IdLookupImpl previousIds = IdLookupImpl.temp().load(allNodes(dao)); tx.close(); dao.close(); // new, empty DAO dao = UsageDao.temporaryDao(100); NubBuilder nb = NubBuilder.create(dao, src, previousIds, previousIds.getKeyMax() + 1, cfg); nb.setCloseDao(false); nb.run(); tx = dao.beginTx(); printTree(); // assert we have only ever 8 root taxa - the kingdoms assertEquals(Kingdom.values().length, countRoot()); // assert we have unique ids assertUniqueIds(); } /* * Read old ids from existing, open DAO */ private static Iterable<LookupUsage> allNodes(final UsageDao dao) { return () -> StreamUtils.stream(dao.allTaxa()) .map(n -> { NubUsage u = dao.readNub(n); return new LookupUsage(u.usageKey, ObjectUtils.coalesce(u.parsedName.canonicalName(), u.parsedName.getScientificName()), u.parsedName.getAuthorship(), u.parsedName.getYear(), u.rank, u.status, u.kingdom, false); }).iterator(); } private void assertClassification(NubUsage nub, String... parentNames) { int idx = 0; for (NubUsage n : parents(nub.node)) { assertEquals(parentNames[idx++], n.parsedName.canonicalName(), "Higher classification mismatch for " + nub.parsedName.getScientificName()); } } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, @Nullable String authorship, @Nullable NamePart notho, Rank rank, Origin origin) { return assertCanonical(canonical, authorship, notho, rank, null, origin, null, null); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, Origin origin, @Nullable NubUsage parent) { return assertCanonical(canonical, null, null, rank, null, origin, null, parent); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, Origin origin, Kingdom k, @Nullable NubUsage parent) { return assertCanonical(canonical, null, null, rank, k, origin, null, parent); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, Origin origin, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, @Nullable NubUsage parent) { return assertCanonical(canonical, null, null, rank, null, origin, status, parent); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, String authorship, Rank rank, Origin origin) { return assertCanonical(canonical, authorship, null, rank, null, origin, null, null); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, @Nullable String authorship, @Nullable NamePart notho, Rank rank, Origin origin, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, @Nullable NubUsage parent, NameUsageIssue... issues) { return assertCanonical(canonical, authorship, notho, rank, null, origin, status, parent, issues); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, @Nullable String authorship, @Nullable NamePart notho, Rank rank, Kingdom k, Origin origin, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, @Nullable NubUsage parent, NameUsageIssue... issues) { canonical = SciNameNormalizer.normalize(canonical); NubUsage u = getCanonical(canonical, rank, k); assertNub(u, canonical, authorship, notho, rank, origin, status, parent); if (k != null) { assertEquals(k, u.kingdom, "wrong kingdom " + k); } assertEquals(canonical, UsageDao.canonicalOrScientificName(u.parsedName), "wrong canonical name for " + canonical); for (NameUsageIssue issue : issues) { assertTrue(u.issues.contains(issue), "missing issue " + issue); } return u; } private NubUsage assertScientific(String sciname, Rank rank, Origin origin, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, @Nullable NubUsage parent) { NubUsage u = getScientific(sciname, rank); assertNub(u, sciname, null, null, rank, origin, status, parent); assertEquals(sciname, u.parsedName.getScientificName(), "wrong scientific name for " + sciname); return u; } private NubUsage assertKey(String sciname, Rank rank, Kingdom kingdom, int key) { NubUsage u = getScientific(sciname, rank, kingdom); assertEquals(key, u.usageKey, "wrong key for " + sciname); assertEquals(sciname, u.parsedName.getScientificName(), "wrong scientific name for " + sciname); assertEquals(kingdom, u.kingdom, "wrong kingdom for " + sciname); assertEquals(rank, u.rank, "wrong rank for " + sciname); return u; } private void assertNotExisting(String sciname, Rank rank) { NubUsage u = getScientific(sciname, rank); assertNull(u, "name wrongly exists: " + sciname); } private void assertNub(NubUsage u, String name, @Nullable String authorship, @Nullable NamePart notho, Rank rank, Origin origin, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, @Nullable NubUsage parent) { assertNotNull(u, "Missing " + rank + " " + name); assertEquals(rank, u.rank, "wrong rank for " + name); assertEquals(origin, u.origin, "wrong origin for " + name); if (authorship != null) { assertEquals(authorship, u.parsedName.authorshipComplete(), "wrong authorship for " + name); } assertEquals(notho, u.parsedName.getNotho(), "wrong notho for " + name); if (status != null) { assertEquals(status, u.status, "wrong status for " + name); } if (parent != null) { NubUsage p2 = parentOrAccepted(u.node); assertEquals(p2.node, parent.node, "wrong parent " + p2.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete() + " for " + name); } } private List<NubUsage> children(Node parent) { List<NubUsage> usages = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Node n : Traversals.CHILDREN.traverse(parent).nodes()) { usages.add(get(n)); } return usages; } private List<NubUsage> parents(Node child) { List<NubUsage> usages = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Node n : Traversals.PARENTS.traverse(child).nodes()) { usages.add(get(n)); } return usages; } private NubUsage parentOrAccepted(Node child) { Relationship rel = child.getSingleRelationship(RelType.PARENT_OF, Direction.INCOMING); if (rel == null) { rel = child.getSingleRelationship(RelType.SYNONYM_OF, Direction.OUTGOING); } return get(rel.getOtherNode(child)); } private List<NubUsage> listCanonical(String canonical) { canonical = SciNameNormalizer.normalize(canonical); List<NubUsage> usages = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Node n : Iterators.loop(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.TAXON, NeoProperties.CANONICAL_NAME, canonical))) { usages.add(get(n)); } return usages; } private List<NubUsage> listSynonyms(NubUsage acc) { List<NubUsage> usages = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Relationship rel : acc.node.getRelationships(RelType.SYNONYM_OF, Direction.INCOMING)) { Node syn = rel.getOtherNode(acc.node); usages.add(get(syn)); } return usages; } public NameUsage getUsage(Node n) { return dao.readUsage(n, true); } private NameUsage getUsage(int key) { return getUsage(dao.getNeo().getNodeById(key)); } private List<NubUsage> listScientific(String sciname) { List<NubUsage> usages = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Node n : Iterators.loop(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.TAXON, NeoProperties.SCIENTIFIC_NAME, sciname))) { usages.add(get(n)); } return usages; } private NubUsage getScientific(String sciname, Rank rank, Kingdom kingdom) { return getOne(listScientific(sciname), rank, kingdom, null, sciname); } private NubUsage getScientific(String sciname, Rank rank) { return getOne(listScientific(sciname), rank, null, null, sciname); } private NubUsage getCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank) { return getOne(listCanonical(canonical), rank, null, null, canonical); } private NubUsage getCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, TaxonomicStatus status) { return getOne(listCanonical(canonical), rank, null, status, canonical); } private NubUsage getCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, Kingdom k) { return getOne(listCanonical(canonical), rank, k, null, canonical); } private NubUsage getCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, @Nullable Kingdom k, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status) { return getOne(listCanonical(canonical), rank, k, status, canonical); } private NubUsage getOne(List<NubUsage> usages, Rank rank, @Nullable Kingdom k, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, String name) { Iterator<NubUsage> iter = usages.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { NubUsage u = iter.next(); if (u.rank != rank) { iter.remove(); } else if (k != null && u.kingdom != k) { iter.remove(); } else if (status != null && u.status != status) { iter.remove(); } } if (usages.isEmpty()) { return null; } else if (usages.size() == 1) { return usages.get(0); } throw new IllegalStateException("Too many usages for " + status + " " + rank + " " + name); } private NubUsage get(Node n) { if (n == null) { return null; } NubUsage nub = dao.readNub(n); nub.node = n; return nub; } private long countTaxa() { return Iterators.count(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.TAXON)); } private long countSpecies() { return Iterators.count(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.SPECIES)); } private long countGenera() { return Iterators.count(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.GENUS)); } private long countRoot() { return Iterators.count(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.ROOT)); } class TreeAsserter implements StartEndHandler { private Iterator<NubNode> treeIter; public TreeAsserter(NubTree tree) { treeIter = tree.iterator(); } @Override public void start(Node n) { NubNode expected = treeIter.next(); String name = (String) n.getProperty(NeoProperties.SCIENTIFIC_NAME); assertEquals(expected.name, name); assertEquals(expected.basionym, n.hasLabel(Labels.BASIONYM), "Basionym flag wrong for " + name); } @Override public void end(Node n) { } public boolean completed() { return !treeIter.hasNext(); } } private void assertTree(String filename) throws IOException { System.out.println("assert tree from " + filename); NubTree expected = NubTree.read("trees/" + filename); // compare trees assertEquals(expected.getRoot().children.size(), Iterators.count(dao.allRootTaxa()), "Number of roots differ"); TreeAsserter treeAssert = new TreeAsserter(expected); TreeWalker.walkTree(dao.getNeo(), true, treeAssert); assertTrue(treeAssert.completed(), "There should be more taxa"); // verify all nodes are walked in the tree and contains the expected numbers long neoCnt = Iterables.count(dao.getNeo().getAllNodes()); // pro parte nodes are counted multiple times, so expected count can be higher than pure number of nodes - but never less! System.out.println("expected nodes: " + expected.getCount()); System.out.println("counted nodes: " + neoCnt); assertTrue(expected.getCount() >= neoCnt); } private void printTree() throws Exception { Writer writer = new PrintWriter(System.out); dao.printTree(writer, GraphFormat.TEXT); } private void printTree(File f) throws Exception { Writer writer = new FileWriter(f); dao.printTree(writer, GraphFormat.TEXT); } }	{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub" }	8,060	[ 128000, 3364, 353, 10311, 1234, 279, 9091, 1914, 11, 6207, 220, 17, 13, 15, 320, 1820, 330, 10028, 803, 353, 499, 1253, 539, 1005, 420, 1052, 3734, 304, 8907, 449, 279, 1914, 627, 353, 1472, 1253, 6994, 264, 3048, 315, 279, 1914, 520, 198, 1235, 353, 257, 1795, 1129, 2185, 5206, 2726, 7116, 11082, 12, 17, 13, 15, 198, 1235, 353, 11115, 2631, 555, 8581, 2383, 477, 7378, 311, 304, 4477, 11, 3241, 198, 353, 4332, 1234, 279, 1914, 374, 4332, 389, 459, 330, 1950, 3507, 1, 11643, 345, 353, 6135, 7579, 2794, 11596, 3083, 4230, 9481, 11, 3060, 3237, 477, 6259, 627, 353, 3580, 279, 1914, 369, 279, 3230, 4221, 10217, 8709, 323, 198, 353, 9669, 1234, 279, 1914, 627, 740, 1757, 1262, 78362, 333, 9271, 1638 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 3364, 353, 10311, 1234, 279, 9091, 1914, 11, 6207, 220, 17, 13, 15, 320, 1820, 330, 10028, 803, 353, 499, 1253, 539, 1005, 420, 1052, 3734, 304, 8907, 449, 279, 1914, 627, 353, 1472, 1253, 6994, 264, 3048, 315, 279, 1914, 520, 198, 1235, 353, 257, 1795, 1129, 2185, 5206, 2726, 7116, 11082, 12, 17, 13, 15, 198, 1235, 353, 11115, 2631, 555, 8581, 2383, 477, 7378, 311, 304, 4477, 11, 3241, 198, 353, 4332, 1234, 279, 1914, 374, 4332, 389, 459, 330, 1950, 3507, 1, 11643, 345, 353, 6135, 7579, 2794, 11596, 3083, 4230, 9481, 11, 3060, 3237, 477, 6259, 627, 353, 3580, 279, 1914, 369, 279, 3230, 4221, 10217, 8709, 323, 198, 353, 9669, 1234, 279, 1914, 627, 740, 1757, 1262, 78362, 333, 9271, 1638, -100 ]

Klopp has been at Liverpool for three years now. Mike Nevin takes a look at the challenge he faces to deliver a league title in his time at Anfield. With Liverpool having enjoyed a club record-breaking start to the season, and with the Reds contesting the leadership after an unbeaten eight-match run, he remains on course to keep his brave promise. However, since the German succeeded Brendan Rodgers the Premier League bar has been raised significantly and the challenge of ending what will be a 29 year wait by next May is still one which would faze all but the most genial of leaders. What Klopp wouldn't give for a league as wide open as the contest he was parachuted into during his debut season in 2015-2016. Leicester City's triumph. A feat which seems all the more miraculous with each passing year, was achieved with a return of a mere 81 points while the German was still wading through the flotsam of Rodgers' failure to arrest rapid decline; following the heartbreak of his own title near-miss, the departure of Luis Suarez and the dying of the light of Steven Gerrard. In subsequent seasons, Chelsea's 93-point haul and Manchester City's breaching of the 100-point barrier for the first time in history has made Jurgen's task to deliver on his pledge an enormous one. In the eyes of most Liverpool fans, Klopp can do no wrong but even with such an assured beginning to this campaign, there's an acceptance that to win the title not a single foot can afford to be placed out of step. In a similar vein Rafa Benitez, faced with a budget and squad inferior to his own rivals, bemoaned that his Liverpool had to be "almost perfect". The more things change, the more they stay the same. However, Klopp – unlike Benitez – still enjoys the unconditional support of the fan-base. Liverpool fans are happy to wait for this love affair to be consummated. This is where his charisma, his overtly passionate persona, his touchline demeanour and a heart clearly worn on the sleeve continues to buys him time and good will. In a recent interview, he confirmed as much by saying "I have put everything I have – my knowledge, passion, heart, experience – into Liverpool." Not a single supporter would deny him that. With Liverpool languishing in tenth place when he took over in 2015, successive fourth-placed finishes since, a return to regular Champions League football and a sprint from the blocks this time around is a measure of the huge strides the team has made under his tutelage. Reaching a European Cup Final (below) was a feather in his cap, as was the swashbuckling manner of the passage to Kiev, but Loris Karius's double aberration meant no coronation. Sadly for Klopp, the inertia on the Anfield goalkeeper front over an extended period and misplaced faith in his compatriot is a mistake he probably lays at his own door. When Klopp talks of experience, some of his education has been gleaned on site – at Anfield. While he remains true to his word on the fitness levels required of Liverpool players to operate with the intensity he demands, his stance on recruitment has seen some shifting sands. First he spoke mostly of development and coaching but a gradual dawning on the standard of opposition in the upper echelons of the league has seen the alchemist meet realist. In spending record fees on Alisson Becker and Virgil Van Dijk, Klopp has shown a novel willingness to wave the cheque book when required and, unsurprisingly, the acquisition of true quality has revolutionised his team's defensive capabilities. While supporters wait with baited breath for a first trophy, they are soothed and encouraged by the belligerence of Klopp's football. His construction of a strike-force that is now the envy of Europe is testament to his flexibility, philosophy and vision. Prior to Klopp's arrival, Roberto Firmino – a player he admired at Hoffenheim – was failing to justify the hype surrounding his signing by Rodgers; the ability to forage relentlessly, snap at heels and be the fulcrum of attack as yet unseen. Sadio Mane, although an exciting speedster at Southampton, was hardly viewed as a consistent performer and Mohammed Salah, despite an encouraging spell at Roma, had been something of an unfulfilled punt at Chelsea. Individually, they were disparate unproven prospects until moulded together into a pulverising unit. Last season – Klopp's third in charge – the trio, married together for the first time, bagged 91 goals between them. So far this time around they haven't quite hit those heights and yet – with the Reds' found solidity – Liverpool still sit near the top of the pile. Crucially though, Klopp's front three remain key to the manager's quest; a mission to be nigh-on faultless in the league, to break new barriers; to make history in keeping with the adulation afforded to him.

{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }

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Gymnastics is one of the most comprehensive lifestyle exercise programs, incorporating strength, flexibility, speed, balance, coordination, power and discipline. Your child can develop sport-specific skills in an environment that focuses on teamwork, sportsmanship, caring, honesty, respect and responsibility. Our well-trained instructors, coaches and directors will lead your child through the steps from the infant exploration stage to the complex skills needed to compete, not forgetting to have fun along the way. Our YMCA Gymnastics has a 28-year history and an impressive legacy of operating exceptional gymnastics programs for beginner through high school/college aged competitive gymnasts! Regarded as one of the top YMCA programs in the country, your child will benefit from enrolling in any of the gymnastic center classes and participating in open workouts, camps and clinics! Come and join your friends for these theme-based gymnastics parties. Use your imagination, eat a healthy snack for energy and stay fit doing a lot of flipping fun! Fee is per day. Please register at least 24 hours in advance. Includes one hour of gymnastics or parkour and one hour in a reserved party area. For more information, please call 920-451-8000 and ask for Jill Tenpas for Gymnastics.

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Q: Python - checking if graph is connected - unexpected loop behavior I am coding graph objects (vertex, edge, graph) in Python. I have a random_graph method which takes a list of vertices, and for each pair of vertices it places an edge between them with probability p. I have a is_connected method which returns whether or not a graph is connected. I want to know the probability that a graph will be connected, given that it has n vertices and used probability p for random generation. This can be found without code, but I want to also calculate this experimentally with code, by generating a bunch of random graphs and seeing how many of them are connected. Everything seems to work fine when I do this once: create a random graph and then check if it is connected. For example, I run the file over and over with probability 0.95 and every time it tells me the graph is connected, as it should with high probability. The problem is that when I put this same code into a loop to run it many times, the behavior changes. When in a loop, the (0-indexed) 3rd and 9th iteration print out that the graph is not connected. Below is all my code, including play.py in both forms (non-loop which works and loop which gives the weird behavior): ***** play.py (non-loop, works) ***** from vertex import SimpleVertex from edge import SimpleEdge from graph import SimpleGraph vertices = [] for i in xrange(10): vertices.append(SimpleVertex('v'+str(i), i)) g = SimpleGraph.random_graph(vertices, p=1) res = g.breadth_first_search(vertices[0]) print 'g is connected:' print g.is_connected() ***** play.py (loop, weird behavior) ***** from vertex import SimpleVertex from edge import SimpleEdge from graph import SimpleGraph for j in range(10): vertices = [] for i in xrange(10): vertices.append(SimpleVertex('v'+str(i), i)) g = SimpleGraph.random_graph(vertices, p=1) res = g.breadth_first_search(vertices[0]) print 'g is connected:' print g.is_connected() ***** edge.py ***** class SimpleEdge(object): """ Base class for edges of graphs with no concept of direction """ def __init__(self, v1, v2): if v1 == v2: raise Exception("Cannot make edge from " + str(v1) + " to itself.") self.vertices = {v1, v2} def __str__(self): vertices = list(self.vertices) return "Edge(%s, %s)" % (vertices[0], vertices[1]) def __eq__(self, other): return self.vertices == other.vertices ***** vertex.py ***** from edge import SimpleEdge class SimpleVertex(object): """ Base class for vertices of graphs with no concept of direction """ def __init__(self, name='', vid=None): self.name = name self.vid = vid if vid is not None else id(self) self.edges = [] def __str__(self): display = self.name if self.name else self.vid return "Vertex(%s)" % display def __eq__(self, other): return self.vid == other.vid def has_edge(self, edge): """ Checks if a certain edge already exists on this vertex """ return edge in self.edges def add_edge(self, other): """ Adds an edge from this vertex to another vertex """ edge = SimpleEdge(self, other) if self.has_edge(edge) or other.has_edge(edge): raise Exception(str(edge) + " already exists.") self.edges.append(edge) other.edges.append(edge) return edge def neighbors(self): """ List of vertices adjacent to this vertex """ neighbors = [] for edge in self.edges: vertices = edge.vertices for vertex in vertices: if vertex != self: neighbors.append(vertex) return neighbors def degree(self): """ Number of neighbors this vertex has """ return len(self.neighbors()) def breadth_first_search(self, goal=None): """ Beginning at this vertex, perform breadth-first search to find the distance, in edges, to either some goal vertex or all vertices reachable from this vertex """ vertex_queue = [(self, 0)] seen_so_far = set([self]) dists = {} # handle each vertex until there are no vertices left to check while vertex_queue: next_vertex, current_dist = vertex_queue.pop(0) # if searching for a specific vertex, check if this is it if goal is not None and next_vertex == goal: return current_dist # if this is the first time seeing this vertex, store its dist if next_vertex not in dists: dists[next_vertex] = current_dist # put this vertex's neighbors onto the back of the queue new_dist = current_dist + 1 for n in next_vertex.neighbors(): if n not in seen_so_far: vertex_queue.append((n, new_dist)) seen_so_far.add(n) # if searching for a specific vertex, it was not reachable if goal is not None: return -1 return dists ***** graph.py ***** from edge import SimpleEdge, DirectedEdge import random class SimpleGraph(object): """ Base class for graphs with no concept of direction """ def __init__(self): self.vertices = set() self.edges = set() def __str__(self): vertices_str = ", ".join([str(vertex) for vertex in self.vertices]) edges_str = ", ".join([str(edge) for edge in self.edges]) return "Vertices: %s\nEdges: %s" % (vertices_str, edges_str) def num_vertices(self): """ Number of vertices in this graph """ return len(self.vertices) def num_edges(self): """ Number of edges in this graph """ return len(self.edges) def has_vertex(self, vertex): """ Checks if a certain vertex already exists in this graph """ return vertex in self.vertices def has_edge(self, edge): """ Checks if a certain edge already exists in this graph """ return edge in self.edges def add_vertex(self, vertex): """ Adds a vertex to this graph """ if vertex.degree(): raise Exception(str(vertex) + " has neighbors.") if self.has_vertex(vertex): raise Exception(str(vertex) + " already exists.") self.vertices.add(vertex) return vertex def add_edge(self, v1, v2): """ Adds an edge between two vertices in this graph """ edge = SimpleEdge(v1, v2) if self.has_edge(edge): raise Exception(str(edge) + " already exists.") self.edges.add(v1.add_edge(v2)) return edge def average_degree(self): """ Average number of neighbors vertices in this graph have """ if not self.num_vertices: return 0 return 2.0 * self.num_edges() / self.num_vertices() @classmethod def random_graph(cls, vertices, p=0.5): """ Generate a graph using a set of vertices where each pair of vertices has some probability of having an edge between them """ graph = cls() for v1 in vertices: graph.add_vertex(v1) for v2 in graph.vertices: if v1 > v2 and random.random() < p: graph.add_edge(v1, v2) return graph @classmethod def complete_graph(cls, vertices): """ Generate a graph with all possible edges using a set of vertices """ return cls.random_graph(vertices, p=1.0) def breadth_first_search(self, start, goal=None): """ Beginning at some vertex, perform breadth-first search to find the distance, in edges, to either some goal vertex or all vertices """ # perform breadth-frist search starting from the specified vertex result = start.breadth_first_search(goal) if goal is not None: return result # for all the unreachable vertices, add them to the result for vertex in self.vertices: if vertex not in result: result[vertex] = -1 return result def is_connected(self): """ Checks if this graph has a path from any vertex to any other vertex """ dists = self.breadth_first_search(list(self.vertices)[0]) return all([dists[dist] >= 0 for dist in dists]) A: Your comparison of v1 and v2 in SimpleGraph.random_graph is comparing based upon the id of the class, which is probably not what you want. Adding the following method to SimpleVertex fixes the problem: def __lt__(self, other): return self.vid < other.vid

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Your home is your haven, the place you come back to after a hard days work to unwind and destress. It's the place you come to as a solace from the outside world. However, if you have been feeling unwell recently, your home may be the problem. Rather than blaming your infections or illnesses on the weather, your colleagues at work, or the kids bringing home numerous sickness from their schoolmates, there may be issues within your four walls that are the cause of your health problems. In this article, we will look at some of the common reasons our homes can make us ill. In some cases, you will need to consider repairs, such as from your local handyman or a property management company if you rent (see page). You may need to change the way you live too, and make alterations to your property. Your health matters, after all, so it's important to take steps to remedy any prevailing issues. Particularly if you have a family living under the roof with you, there will be some level of noise and clutter invading your living space. For some people, this is fine. For others it can be a nightmare, and can add to stress levels. As well as the mental effects of stress, there are the physical symptoms too, such as fatigue, high blood pressure, and tension headaches. Tip: Declutter the house of stuff by adding to your storage space, or selling items that are no longer needed. Then instigate a few rules. You deserve to live in an uncluttered house, so get your family involved with the household chores. You deserve some level of peace and quiet too, so encourage your family to practice quiet behavior, and find room in your home to escape to for your quiet sanctuary. By appliances, we are talking about a broken freezer, refrigerator or cooking appliances. Considering food needs to be stored and cooked safely, you are in danger of food poisoning if your appliances aren't up to scratch anymore. Tip: Check the temperatures on your fridge and refrigerator and make sure they are operating at the right temperatures. Give your refrigerator a good clean too, making sure there are no spillages or dirt that could cause bacteria to grow. Do the same with your other appliances, including the microwave, blender, and your regular oven. If you discover that any of your appliances aren't operating correctly, it is time to replace them with something new. Your aircon needs to work at optimum level, cooling your home in the warmer months and heating things up when the temperature drops. If you have been suffering from colds and other respiratory illnesses, there may be issues within the air-conditioning. Tip: The aircon may not be working at all, in which case, you do need to get it fixed. On the other hand, it may need a good cleaning. While it may be warming and cooling the air as appropriate, there may be traces of water left in the ducts that have formed a breeding ground for bacterial growth, such as mold. You will need to get the professionals in to carry out the work safely and thoroughly, in either case. There are all kinds of areas where water leaks can enter your property. There may be gaps in your roof, around your windows and doors, and on walls that have suffered structural damage. Then there is the pipe work, especially in your bathroom and kitchen areas, where leaks may be present. You should also consider the issue of condensation, which is the buildup of water in rooms with poor ventilation. In all cases, the risk of damp and mold is high, causing respiratory illnesses and headaches. Tip: Check everywhere around your home for signs of a leak. This includes each room in your home, as well as hidden pipework and the roof. You should also look out for the telltale signs of mold and damp, noticeable in both look and smell when you walk into the affected room. If you aren't sufficiently trained, don't carry out any maintenance work yourself. Call a plumber or roofer to deal with any issues, and then damp proof your walls in problem areas to alleviate further issues. Oh, and remember to open your windows in both your bathroom and kitchen, or renovate those rooms with added ventilation sources. These microscopic bugs thrive on commonly used furniture because of the humidity of our bodies. Your favorite sofa is one such spot for these pesky miscreants, and so is your bed and pillows. For many people, dust mites aren't a huge problem. However, for those who are susceptible to allergies and asthma, dust mites can be the trigger for the symptoms related to these health issues. You can't see them so swatting them isn't the answer, but there are other ways to get rid of them. Tip: Quite simply, keep on top of the housework. The more vacuuming and dusting you do around the house, the less chance there is for dust mites to thrive in any great number. You should also wash your bed sheets, pillowcases and towels on a weekly basis in very hot water, and then hang them out to thoroughly dry. The hot temperature will kill off the mites, and regular washing will keep them at bay. Another practical solution is to purchase specially designed covers for your pillows and mattress, encasing your bedding with protection to keep those blasted mites out. By cleaning your home regularly and keeping on top of any repair jobs around your property, you will reduce the risk of your home making you ill. Getting your family to follow a few simple habits will help as well, from cleanliness and good hygiene to having quiet time to give you a break for your sanity levels. Let us know if you have any other tips of your own. Thanks for reading! omg this post is so interesting!! Thanks for sharing this important information. Cleaning appliances is something I need to do asap. Wow – I'm reading this as I'm actually home in bed struggling with sickness (I've had to call in sick from work for the past 3 days ahah!) Great tips! This is a pretty interesting post. I never thought your home could get you sick, but i guess it can.

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NO Right Turn is truly an idiot today, and way off the mark The anonymous blogger at NO Right Turn does not appear to have had a decent coffee after getting up this afternoon. He has a few clues on most things, and is one of the better bloggers around, but on the subject of the upcoming referendum on physical discipline he is just plain pig-ignorant, and lets himself down. Why? He claims that people like Jimmy Mason, who punched his kid in the face, and a person who beat her young son with a soup ladle – and not only beat her, but bruised him all over his body would have been able to successfully claim a reasonable force defence had the law on parental discipline not been changed. This is just a stupid claim to make. Never mind that, like most irrational people, he does not see the difference between a beating when a kid is cowering on the floor and a light smack for correction. But you think he'd criticise CYFS for supporting bail for the parent. But no, he doesn't. Furthermore, he says that anybody who supports a defence of reasonable force for correction are people who wish to abuse children themselves. It is irrelevant to him that any defence – if used - would fail in cases like this every time and that no lawyer would even suggest such a defence. I don't particularly like the referendum question, and was very tempted to cross out both options or not vote at all, but this kind of misinformation has made me determined to vote NO. So, after reading this post I have today decided that I am going to vote NO at the referendum next month. I encourage you to read the post at NO Right Turn too and vote NO also. The forms should be out this week. I'm voting NO not because I think a smack as part of good parental correction should not be a criminal offence in New Zealand, not because parents should have a choice in whether to lightly smack naughty kids, but because I am making a stand against misinformation from people who should know better. Labels: referendum, s59 Tim Selwyn said... I don't recall exactly what I/S said but I think he means it would have been possible to raise the defence - not necessarily that it would have been successful. Swimming said... If there is no chance of a legal being sucessful it is a bit silly to suggest the possibility of raising it. The success of such a defence would be no different if the charge was assault with intent to injure. so why even bring the possibility of raising the defence into the discussion,given that a beating like that is not reasonable force for the purposes of correction? Good on ya mate. That's what the jury decides. The fact they can run that defence at all could be said to be prejudicial. The jury decides what? Whether the defence should be used in a child abuse case or whether it should be upheld. Surely you don't mean the former, and I hope you don't mean the latter. The jury doesn't get an opportunity to decide and rightly so. Running a defence of reasonable force in a child abuse case is akin to putting water, rather than petrol, in a car's petrol tank. Pointless. So why would a lawyer suggest such a defence for a jury to decide, Tim? Media provides clues to the identity of Richard W... Chris KnoxNow that that the by-election is over -... Kiwi Party candidate jubilant after Mt Albert by ... Mt Albert by-election Today's the day we find out... Did Phil Goff lie on Radio Live today? I was tele... Richard Worth has resigned Richard Worth has resi... Neelam Choudary: Goff admits that Worth didn't me... Does David Shearer see himself as a lesbian? Ha. ... PJ O'Rourke speech In April, PJ O'Rourke deliver... Phil Spector shows some skinPhil Spector is in pri...

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The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at MIT is one of three entities that will share a $25 million gift from the Robert A. and Renee E. Belfer Family Foundation to create the Neurodegeneration Consortium (NDC), a transformative multi-institutional initiative that will advance the study and treatment of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Picower will join in the NDC with the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Baylor College of Medicine. The gift is contingent, among other conditions, on the consortium partners securing matching philanthropy in the amount of $25 million by Jan. 1, 2016, of which $6.5 million has already been raised. The lead MIT investigator on the effort, Li-Huei Tsai, the Picower Professor of Neuroscience at MIT and director of the Picower Institute, hopes that by combining strengths, the three institutions involved will make dynamic progress in the fight against Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Funding from the Belfer Family Foundation will support Tsai's ongoing research in neurobiology, learning and memory, and neurodegeneration, such as that caused by Alzheimer's disease. Her recent work has focused on the chromatin-modifying enzymes and their roles in neuroprotection and in Alzheimer's. Tsai's expertise covers the genetics of mouse models of neurodegeneration, memory and neurodevelopment, as well as behavioral testing for memory and cognitive decline. At MIT and elsewhere, recent research in cancer, neurodegeneration and other age-associated diseases has revealed common molecular themes; for instance, age-dependent genetic and epigenetic events contribute to the increased incidence of cancer and Alzheimer's later in life. The NDC is a collaborative effort in which highly specialized basic science researchers at all three institutions will seek to discover and identify key molecular targets; a drug development team at MD Anderson's Institute for Applied Cancer Science will translate these discoveries into viable clinical candidates. In addition to Tsai, the NDC team of investigators includes Lynda Chin, Ronald DePinho, Giulio Draetta, Ming-Kuei Jang, and Philip Jones of MD Anderson; Juan Botas, Joanna Jankowsky, and Hui Zheng of Baylor College of Medicine; and Hugo Bellen and Huda Zoghbi of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine. The Belfer Family Foundation's support represents a turning point in the study of neurodegenerative disease, Zoghbi said.

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Indonesia : Selected Issues International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept This Selected Issues paper analyzes the capital inflows to Indonesia since the global financial crisis. Capital inflows to Indonesia have increased since the crisis. Their average volume increased from 3.25 percent of GDP in 2005-09 to 4.50 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 2010 to the third quarter of 2016. From the global perspective, driven by the liquidity released from the systemic economies' unconventional monetary policies, a global search for yields has led to large capital inflows to emerging and developing economies (EMDEs), especially portfolio inflows. Although many EMDEs experienced a steady decline in capital inflows during 2013-16, capital inflows to Indonesia increased and reached a peak in late 2014, and then started to decline but remained at relatively high levels from the first quarter of 2015 to the third quarter of 2016. Indonesia: Selected Issues Capital Inflows to Indonesia Since the Global Financial Crisis 1 B. Developments of Capital Inflows C. Developments of Foreign Liabilities and External Debt D. Drivers for Capital Inflows to Indonesia Panel Analysis GARCH Model E. Conclusion EMDEs: Capital Inflows Indonesia: Capital Inflows Indonesia: Capital Inflows and Current Account Balance Indonesia: Portfolio Inflows Inflows to Local Government Currency Bond Government Bond Real Yield and Credit Rating 1/ Indonesia: J.P. Morgan Government Bond Index-EM Global Diversified, 12-month Return Indonesia: Equity and Local Currency Government Bond Inflows, 2013 Taper Tantrum Indonesia: Equity and Local Currency Government Bond Inflows, 2015 Renminbi Reform Indonesia: Foreign Liabilities by Type Indonesia: Portfolio Claims Indonesia; Portfolio Equity Claims Indonesia: Portfolio Debt Claims Indonesia: Short-Term Portfolio Debt Claims Indonesia: Private Sector External Debt Foreign Holdings of Local Currency Government Bonds Foreign Ownership by Industry Types of Foreign Investors in Local Currency Government Bonds 1/ Indonesia: Change of Foreign Holdings of Local Currency versus Credit-Linked Note Issuance Indonesia; Drivers for Capital Inflows Capital Inflows to Indonesia Since the Global Financial Crisis1 The landscape of capital inflows to Indonesia has changed in both the volume and composition since the global financial crisis (GFC). As nonresidents are purchasing Indonesian assets, Indonesia's external liabilities and debt positions have changed as well. While capital inflows have helped to finance Indonesia's current account and fiscal deficits since late 2011 when the commodity super-cycle was over, they have also brought challenges due to their volatile nature and tendency to come in waves, in particular, portfolio inflows. 1. This paper analyzes developments in capital inflows to Indonesia since the GFC. Throughout the paper, capital inflows are defined as net acquisition of domestic assets by nonresidents. The paper discusses the recent trend of capital inflows to Indonesia, new features of Indonesia's external positions, and main drivers for capital inflows. 2. Capital inflows to Indonesia have increased since the GFC. Their average volume increased from 3¼ percent of GDP in 2005–09 to 4½ percent of GDP in 2010:Q1–2016:Q3. From the global perspective, driven by the liquidity released from the systemic economies' unconventional monetary policies, a global search for yields has led to large capital inflows to emerging and developing economies (EMDEs), especially portfolio inflows (Sahay and others, 2014). Indonesia was not an exception. While many EMDEs experienced a steady decline in capital inflows during 2013−16, capital inflows to Indonesia increased and reached a peak in late 2014, and then started to decline but remained at relatively high levels in 2015:Q1–2016:Q3 (Figures 1 and 2). Figure 1.EMDEs: Capital Inflows Sources: IMF, Financial Flows Analytics and Balance of Payments Statistics; and IMF staff estimates. 1/ "Other inflows" is a residual category, comprising mainly loans (including bank lending and trade credit), deposits, and financial derivatives. Figure 2.Indonesia: Capital Inflows Sources: Haver Analytics; and IMF staff estimates. 3. The increase in capital inflows has helped to finance Indonesia's current account and fiscal deficits (Figure 3). After the commodity super-cycle fizzled out in 2011, Indonesia's current account has remained in deficit since 2012, in parallel with a widening fiscal deficit. Against this backdrop, increasing capital inflows enabled Indonesia to finance a current account deficit and issue additional government securities to meet the budget's needs. Figure 3.Indonesia: Capital Inflows and Current Account Balance Sources; Haver Analytics; and IMF staff estimates. 4. FDI and portfolio inflows dominated capital inflows to Indonesia. They accounted for 52 percent and 40 percent of total cumulative inflows in 2010:Q1–2016:Q3, respectively, and these ratios have broadly remained stable since 2005. Other investment inflows became positive (in four quarter rolling terms) since early 2008 largely due to a pickup of cross-border bank lending to the private sector. However, the recent external deleveraging of the private sector has led to a reversal of other investment inflows. 5. The volume of portfolio inflows was influenced by global market sentiment. Due to Indonesia's close integration with global capital markets, portfolio inflows have followed a clear risk-on and risk-off pattern (Figure 4). Since portfolio inflows resumed after the GFC, their main reversals corresponded to changes in global sentiment: the euro area sovereign debt crisis in late 2011 and the EM volatility transmitted from the reform of China's exchange rate policy in the second half of 2015 (renminbi reform). Portfolio inflows declined sharply during the 2013 taper tantrum as well. Figure 4.Indonesia: Portfolio Inflows Source: Haver Analytics. 6. Government bonds have been the most popular financial instruments for foreign investors (Figure 5). Inflows to government bonds, accounting for 83 percent of total cumulative portfolio inflows, averaged at 1.5 percent of GDP in 2010:Q1–2016:Q3. Global fixed-income investors are attracted by Indonesia's high government bond yields, relatively high economic growth, and the statutory fiscal deficit limit of 3 percent of GDP, which caps gross fiscal financing requirements (Miyajima and Toh, 2017). Corporate bonds are the second most popular instrument; however, foreign purchase of corporate bonds has recently declined, following a similar declining trend in cross-border bank lending. Inflows to central bank bills (SBIs) were influenced by Bank Indonesia's (BI) capital flow management measures. After BI extended the minimum holding period of SBIs to 6 months in May 2011 from one month (imposed in July 2010), foreign investors sold off SBIs.2 Inflows to equity, relatively small in volume, had been volatile. Sources: Haver Analytics: and IMF staff estimates. 7. Local currency (LCY) government bonds have attracted more inflows than those denominated in hard currency. It is estimated that 60 percent of the inflows to government bonds went to rupiah-denominated government bonds in 2010:Q1–2016:Q3. Despite some episodes of outflows—such as during the euro area sovereign debt crisis, the taper tantrum, and the 2015 renminbi reform—total cumulative inflows reached US$52 billion during this period, a major source for financing the budget deficit (Figure 6). Figure 6.Inflows to Local Government Currency Bond Sources: CEIC Data Co, Ltd.; Bloomberg LP,; and IMF staff estimates. 8. Inflows to LCY government bonds were strong in the first three quarters of 2016, before experiencing volatility. They reached about US$9.5 billion in January–September 2016, reflecting favorable global financial environment, attractive bond yields, and some speculative inflows related to the tax amnesty program. Inflation-adjusted yield of Indonesia LCY government bonds was high compared with other countries (Figure 7), and total annual returns of bonds reached 40 percent in U.S. dollar term at end-September 2016—a combination of high yields, positive valuation (inversely related to the bond yields), and the appreciation of the rupiah against the U.S. dollar (Figure 8). However, the returns from exchange rate movements have been volatile and often correlated with the return from valuation, attesting to the role of foreign investors in influencing the bond yields. Then inflows reversed in October 2016 as foreign investors likely took profits, with the reversal accelerating following the U.S. election. It is estimated that the amount of capital reversal from LCY government bonds reached US$2.2 billion in October 1–November 30, 2016 with the yield of 10-year bonds up by 100 basis points. Since then, capital inflows have gradually resumed, accompanied by the decline of bond yields. Figure 7.Government Bond Real Yield and Credit Rating 1/ Sources; Bloomberg LP; IMF. information Notice System, and IMF staff estimates. 1/ Real yield is defined as nominal bond yield minus inflation rate. Credit Rating represents average of ratings trom S&P, Fitch, and Moodys for each country. Data as of November 2016 or latest available. Figure 8.Indonesia: J.P. Morgan Government Bond Index-EM Global Diversified, 12-month Return Sources: Bloomberg LP.; and IMF staff estimates. 9. The correlations among key types of capital inflows seem to be low based on quarterly balance of payments data (Table 1). Low positive correlations point to small likelihood of foreign investors' herding behavior during shocks; while low negative correlations mean less chance for one type of inflows to compensate for a decline in another type of inflows. The negative one correlation between FDI debt inflows and debt outflows reflects the recurrent short-term intra-company trade credit, which would be recorded as debt inflows and debt outflows in the same quarter. The correlation between FDI and private sector bond inflows is relatively high, as they are likely to be driven by the same underlying factors, such as the outlook of economic activity or commodity prices. The correlation between public bond inflows and public other investment inflows was almost zero, pointing to limited substitution between these two types of government borrowing. Table 1.Indonesia: Correlation Coefficients for Items in the Financial Account(2010:Q1-2016:Q3) FDI equity FDI debt inflows FDI debt outflows Bond (private) Bond (public) OI (private) OI (public) FDI debt inflows 0.6 FDI debt outflows −0.7 −1.0 Portfolio 0.2 0.2 0.1 −0.1 Equity 0.0 −0.2 −0.1 0.2 Bond 0.3 0.3 0.2 −0.2 0.2 Private sector 0.3 0.1 0.3 −0.2 0.1 Public sector 0.1 0.2 0.1 −0.1 0.2 −0.1 Other investment 0.0 0.2 0.1 −0.2 −0.2 −0.2 −0.2 −0.1 −0.2 Private sector 0.1 0.3 0.3 −0.3 −0.2 −0.2 −0.2 0.1 −0.2 Public sector −0.1 0.0 −0.1 0.1 −0.1 −0.1 −0.1 −0.3 0.0 0.0 10. However, high-frequency data point to a high correlation between equity and LCY government bond inflows, especially during the episodes of shocks. During the taper tantrum and 2015 renminbi reform, both equity and bond inflows to Indonesia declined or reversed, as foreign investors reduced their exposures to EMs (Figures 9 and 10). Figure 9.Indonesia: Equity and Local Currency Government Bond Inflows, 2013 Taper Tantrum Sources: Bloomberg Data LP.; and IMF staff estimates. Figure 10.Indonesia: Equity and Local Currency Government Bond Inflows, 2015 Renminbi Reform 11. Capital inflows to Indonesia since the GFC led to an increase in external liabilities, albeit from a low level (Figure 11). Indonesia's foreign liabilities rose from 55 percent of GDP in 2009 to 67 percent of GDP at end-2015. Consistent with the dynamics of capital inflows, increases in FDI and portfolio liabilities were the main drivers for the overall increase in foreign liabilities, and their total share in foreign liabilities increased by 9 percentage points over 2010–15. Figure 11.Indonesia: Foreign Liabilities by Type Sources: Haver Analytics: IMF; and IMF staff estimates. 12. The investor base for Indonesia has shifted towards investors from Europe and the United States (Figures 12–15). Within a larger pie of portfolio claims, investors from the United States and European financial centers (such as Luxembourg, Netherlands, Ireland, and United Kingdom) have seen their shares increased. Such increase was observed in both portfolio equity and debt claims, as global investors were diversifying their portfolio investment into EMs. Accordingly, the share of Singaporean portfolio investors has declined. Nevertheless, Singapore investors still dominated short-term portfolio debt claims with a share of 65 percent. Figure 12.Indonesia: Portfolio Claims Sources: IMF, Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey; and IMF staff estimates. Figure 13.Indonesia; Portfolio Equity Claims Figure 14.Indonesia: Portfolio Debt Claims Figure 15.Indonesia: Short-Term Portfolio Debt Claims 13. Despite some recent increase, Indonesia's external debt remains low. Compared to the definition of external liabilities, external debt excludes equity FDI and equity portfolio investment. External debt to GDP ratio increased from 29¾ percent at end-2009 to 35¾ percent at end-September 2016. The share of public debt decreased from 57½ percent to 50 percent over the same period, as about 60 percent of the increase in external debt was due to private sector borrowing. Within the private sector, the external debt of nonfinancial corporate sector stood at 6 percent of GDP. 14. Parent and affiliated company debt constitute a large share of private debt (Figure 16). At end-September 2016, one third of private sector external debt was from either parent or affiliated companies (US$50 billion, 5.5 percent of GDP) with debt from parent companies accounting for 78 percent of such debt. The share of intra-company loans in external debt was highest among nonfinancial corporate (two-thirds). This large share of intra-company loans reduces the rollover risk. Figure 16.Indonesia: Private Sector External Debt Sources: Bank Indonesia; and IMF staff estimates. 15. An increasing share of external debt is denominated in rupiah. About 18 percent of Indonesia's external debt was denominated in rupiah at end-September 2016, up from 10 percent at end-2009. This increase in share, in line with the developments in portfolio inflows, reflected an increasing share of foreign holding of LCY government bonds: a five-fold increase in the nominal value of foreign holdings and a doubling of the foreign share from end-2009 to end-2015 (Figure 17). As a result, the share of rupiah-denominated public debt doubled from 16¼ percent at end-2009 to 32¾ percent at end-September 2016. Foreign ownership as a share of foreign reserves is relatively high compared with peers (Figure 18). Figure 17.Foreign Holdings of Local Currency Government Bonds Sources: Bloomberg LP; Haver Analytics; IMF; and IMF staff estimates. Sources: Bloomberg LP; country authorities; Haver Analytics; IMF; and IMF staff estimates. 16. About half of the holders of LCY government bonds are central banks, foreign governments, and mutual funds (Figure 19). Central banks and foreign governments found the EM LCY government bonds attractive after the taper tantrum, as they provide a diversification of investment while reducing the cost of carry of FX reserve holdings (Standard Chartered, 2013). A relatively high share of foreign investors are benchmark-driven EM funds (Figure 20). Figure 19.Foreign Ownership by Industry Source: Ministry of Finance. Figure 20.Types of Foreign Investors in Local Currency Government Bonds 1/ Source: J.P. Morgan. 1/ Assets under management (AUM) benchmarked to EM indices a re characterized as "dedicated" EM holdings, those benchmarked to widely-fol lowed global bond indices are characterized as "crossover" EM holdings, and the difference between the total foreign holdings and indexed holdings (both dedicated and crossover) is characterized as "residual." 17. Besides purchasing and holding LCY government bonds, foreigners also use derivatives to gain similar exposure. Total return swaps (TRS) and credit linked notes (CLN) backed by the LCY government bonds are the two popular instruments, which are normally contracted between global investment banks and foreign investors, who get cash flows from the underlying bonds without holding the cash bonds. When local subsidiaries of global investment banks sell TRSs and CLNs to foreign investors, the total foreign exposure to LCY bonds could be larger than the official reporting of foreign holdings as local subsidiaries are considered residents. Despite declining from its 2010 peak, the volume of annual CLN issuance averaged at US$1.2 billion in 2011–15, roughly 15 percent of the increase in foreign holding of cash bonds (Figure 21).3 Figure 21.Indonesia: Change of Foreign Holdings of Local Currency versus Credit-Linked Note Issuance Sources: Bloomberg LP.; Haver Analytics; J.P. Morgan; and IMF staff estimates. 18. There is a rich literature on the drivers for capital flows. The typical analysis adopts the "push versus pull" framework (for example, Fratzscher, 2011 and Cerutti and others, 2015). Push factors refer to the external supply factors, such as the supply of global liquidity and global risk aversion. Pull factors refer to domestic demand side factors that attract capital inflows, such as macroeconomic fundamentals, institutional framework, and policies. The IMF has devoted a World Economic Outlook chapter (IMF, 2016a) to exploring the drivers of the recent slowdown in net capital flows to emerging market economies, which finds that much of the decline in inflows can be explained by the narrowing growth prospects between emerging market and advanced economies. IMF (2016b) points out that both push and full factors remain important for capital flows, suggesting that source and recipient country policies play a role. Other recent work on capital flows includes Ghosh and others (2012), Nier and others (2014), Chung and others (2014), and Sahay and others (2014). 19. This analysis on the drivers for capital inflows to Indonesia is based on a panel analysis of 34 countries4 with country fixed effects (Hannan, 2017 and Table 2). The time period is 2009–15 and quarterly data are used to capture the drivers for capital flows after the GFC. Coefficients from the panel analysis are applied to Indonesia-specific factors and global factors to derive the portion of capital inflows that can be explained by each factor. Table 2.Capital Inflows 1/(Share of GDP) 2009:Q3–2015:Q4 Portfolio Debt Portfolio Equity Growth differential 0.21 * 0.32 ** 0.07 0.06 * 0.07 * 0.01 0.07 (0.12) (0.12) (0.05) (0.03) (0.04) (0.01) (0.09) Interest rate differential 0.31 * −0.14 0.10 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.22 * Trade openness −0.01 0.05 0.06 * −0.03 −0.03 ** −0.01 * −0.02 Reserves 0.06 ** 0.07 ** 0.03 * 0.04 ** 0.04 ** 0.00 ** −0.00 ER regime 0.26 −0.24 −0.03 −0.29 −0.27 −0.09 0.61 Institutional quality −8.85 *** −6.90 * −2.41 −1.79 −1.58 −0.30 −4.69 * Income per capita 0.00 ** 0.00 *** 0.00 * −0.00 0.00 −0.00 0.00 ** Capital account openness −2.17 −1.95 −1.35 0.38 1.54 −0.14 −1.34 Financial development −19.12 −27.60 −10.31 1.30 6.91 −2.55 −6.89 (24.24) (25.69) (21.68) (9.40) (8.79) (1.75) (9.56) Global risk aversion (log) −0.56 −3.02 1.96 ** −2.41 ** −1.94 ** −0.35 0.08 Commodity prices (growth) −0.04 −0.00 −0.02 ** 0.01 0.01 −0.00 −0.03 Global liquidity (growth) 0.10 0.07 0.08 * 0.08 0.06 −0.00 −0.06 U.S. corporate spread 0.04 0.95 −0.94 0.85 0.26 0.26 0.08 U.S. yield gap 2.07 0.85 −0.32 −0.15 −0.52 0.24 2.22 Constant −4.52 5.10 −4.78 5.32 1.80 1.43 * −6.87 (14.72) (12.75) (9.28) (4.94) (4.83) (0.78) (7.12) Observations 809 809 809 809 758 739 787 Number of groups 34 34 34 34 33 33 34 Country fixed effects YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Source: Hannan (2017). 1/ Standard errors in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. 20. The analysis shows that cyclical factors are significant for capital inflows to Indonesia (Figure 22). Growth and interest differences between Indonesia and the United States seem to account for an important portion of capital inflows. Figure 22.Indonesia; Drivers for Capital Inflows Sources: CEIC Data Co; Hovel Analytics; national sources; and IMF Staff estimates. 21. Global risk aversion is also important. More global risk aversion leads to low inflows, in particular for some components, such as portfolio debt inflows. However, the estimation does not seem to be able to capture the large fluctuations in capital inflows, for instance the reversal related to the taper tantrum, which is likely partly due to large temporary shifts in market expectations regarding the course of monetary policy in the United States, which are difficult to control for a regression using quarterly data (IMF, 2016a). 22. The availability of daily data on capital inflows allows us to analyze the impact of high-frequency market sentiment on capital inflows to Indonesia. We apply a GARCH model to analyze the main drivers for capital inflows to LCY government bonds, one of the key type of capital inflows to Indonesia. The GARCH framework, a standard tool for modeling volatility in financial economics, allows one to estimate the impact of regressors on the mean and volatility of the dependent variable. The sample data consists of daily observations covering the period of January 1, 2010 to October 31, 2016. 23. The empirical model of the capital inflows to Indonesia is The first equation is the mean equation, in which ct represents the capital inflows to LCY government bonds; ϕi is the autoregressive term incorporating the persistence of the capital inflows; βmXtm reflects the impact of exogenous factors on the capital inflows; εt is the error term. In the second equation—conditional variance equation—σt is the standard deviation, γj is the GARCH term, and αi is the ARCH effects. 24. Variables most relevant for foreign investors' returns are chosen as the explanatory variables. The first is the expected movement of the rupiah against the U.S. dollar. The change of the 3-month NDF rate is used to represent this expectation.5 The hypothesis is that a more appreciated forward exchange rate would persuade foreign investors to purchase more bonds. The second one is the difference between the five-year government bond yield and interbank market rate, i.e., 3-month JIBOR rate.6 While this is a driver mostly for local investors (mainly banks), indirectly it could also influence foreigner investors, since a larger difference would support the positive price dynamics from local investors. The third one is the VIX indicator, which could capture the impact of global financial conditions and hence the perceived risks of exposure to Indonesian risk.7 Higher market volatility should dent foreign interest in LYC bonds. To reduce the endogeneity of capital inflows, lags of the explanatory variables are used with the lags in both the mean and variance equations chosen based on their significance. A dummy for the bond auction dates has been introduced to the model to control for the inflows related to auctions, however it does not turn out to be statistically significant. 25. The estimation results have confirmed the main hypothesis (Table 3). An expectation of the appreciation of the rupiah is associated with more foreign purchase of bonds; a wider spread of the bond yield over the interbank market rate would encourage more foreign participation; and an increase in global risk aversion is associated with a decline in foreigner investors' exposure to Indonesian risk. Foreign capital inflows have strong persistence; as inflows usually generate positive, though diminishing, momentum in the next two days. Table 3.Estimated GARCH Parameters z-Statistic Mean equation C 105.6 25.44 4.15 0.00 Inflows(-1) 0.2 0.03 8.08 0.00 NDF3M(-2)-NDF3M(-5) −0.3 0.02 −15.79 0.00 YIELD5Y(-2)-JIBOR3M(-2) 3.2 1.90 1.69 0.09 LOG(VIX(-2)) −29.5 8.69 −3.39 0.00 Variance equation C_var 314.0 79.79 3.94 0.00 RESID(-1)^2 0.0 0.01 8.77 0.00 GARCH(-1) 0.4 0.01 37.50 0.00 GARCH(-2) −0.4 0.01 −35.40 0.00 R-squared 0.188 Adjusted R-squared 0.185 26. Capital inflows have benefited Indonesia. They allowed Indonesia to finance current account and budget deficits. At one-half of total capital inflows in Indonesia, FDI flows have acted as a long-term stable source of capital as well as a source of new technology and management practices. Portfolio inflows, in particular inflows to LCY government bonds, have enabled the government to borrow externally in domestic currency at a reasonable rate. Other investment flows complemented the domestic banking system in supplying the private sector with credit for trade or longer-term investment. 27. In the meantime, capital inflows have also transmitted global risks to Indonesia. Capital inflows tend to come in waves and could transmit global shocks to the domestic markets. Since the GFC, Indonesia has witnessed several episodes of reversal or sharp declines of capital inflows. During these episodes, exchange, equity, and bond markets came under pressure. 28. Indonesia's resilience to external shocks has improved. The improved policy framework, such as the subsidy reform and a more flexible exchange rate policy, allowed the authorities to manage the risks from marked changes in capital inflows (Warjiyo, 2014). The current account deficit has adjusted to the commodity down-cycle with Indonesia's external position broadly consistent with medium-term fundamentals and desirable policy settings (IMF, 2016c). The current low inflation environment provided room for adjusting macroeconomic policies if needed. Reserves are adequate to prevent disorderly market conditions. 29. Given the volatile nature of capital inflows, more could be done to further enhance resilience. Structural reforms to attract more FDI inflows would be welcome, as they are less volatile compared with other types of capital inflows. The recently partially liberalized FDI regime is a welcome step in the right direction. More domestic savings, including public sector saving, would help to reduce the reliance on foreign capital. This would require strengthening revenue collection in the post commodity-boom area. In addition, a deep domestic capital market would help to accommodate the surges and sudden stops in capital inflows, as the narrow investor base and low market liquidity make the government bond market susceptible to heightened market volatility (Miyajima and Toh, 2017). ChungKyuilJong-EunLeeElenaLoukoianovaHailPark and Hyun SongShin2014 "Global Liquidity through the Lens of Monetary Aggregates," Economic Policy Vol. 30 Issue 82 pp. 231–290. GhoshAtish R.JunKimMahvash S.Qureshi and JuanZalduendo2012 "Surges, " IMF Working Paper No. 12/22 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). CeruttiEugenioStijnClaessens and DamienPuy2015 "Push Factors and Capital Flows to Emerging Markets: Why Knowing Your Lender Matters more than Fundamentals," IMF Working Paper No. 15/127 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). FratzscherMarcel2011 "Capital Flows, Push versus Pull Factors and the Global Financial Crisis," ECB Working Paper No 1364 (Frankfurt: European Central Bank). HannanSwarnali Ahmed2017 "The Drivers of Recent Capital Flows in Emerging Markets," IMF Working Paper forthcoming (Washington: International Monetary Fund). International Monetary Fund2016a "Understanding the Slowdown in Capital Flows to Emerging Markets," Chapter 2 in World Economic Outlook April 2016: Too Slow for Too Long World Economic and Financial Surveys (Washington). Available via the Internet: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/pdf/c2.pdf International Monetary Fund2016bCapital Flows—Review of Experience with the Institutional View (Washington).Available via the Internet: http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2016/110416a.pdf. International Monetary Fund2016c2016 External Sector Report—Individual Economy Assessments (Washington). Available via the Internet: https://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2016/072716.pdf. MiyajimaKenand Seng GuanToh2017 "Indonesia: Local Currency Government Bond Markets and Bond Yield Determinants," IMF Working Paper forthcoming (Washington: International Monetary Fund). NierErlendTahsin SaadiSedik and TomasMondino2014 "Gross Private Capital Flows to Emerging Markets: Can the Global Financial Cycle Be Tamed?," IMF Working Paper No. 14/196 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). SahayRatnaVivekAroraThanosArvanitisHamidFaruqeePapaN'DiayeTommasoMancini-Griffoli and an IMF Team2014 "Emerging Market Volatility: Lessons from the Taper Tantrum," IMF Staff Discussion Note No. 14/09 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). StandardChartered2013 "Local Markets Compendium 2013." WarjijoPerry2014 "US Monetary Policy Normalization and EME Policy Mix—the Indonesian Experience," Speech at the NBER 25th Annual East Asian Seminar on Economics Tokyo June 20–212014. Available via the Internet: www.bis.org/review/r140909f.pdf. Prepared by Yinqiu Lu. The minimum holding period was reduced to one month in September 2013 and later to one week in September 2015. Information about the volume of TRSs is difficult to gather. There is no information about the volume of CLNs that have been issued by local subsidiaries of global investment banks. Albania, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, FYR Macedonia, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, and Uruguay. The onshore forward exchange rates have been tried as well, but they have a weaker forecast power despite the expected sign of correlation coefficient. As the NDF captures covered interest rate parity, neither the yield difference between Indonesia and United States nor the Fed funds rate/Fed funds futures turns out to be statistically significant. The time deposit rates do not turn out to be statistically significant. The five-year CDS of Indonesia has been tried as well, but as the CDS and VIX have high correlation, the one with more predictive power is chosen, which is the VIX.

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Lancaster's two goals lift Sacred Heart to Seventh Region girls soccer title Senior captain scores twice as Valkyries capture regional crown for sixth straight season Lancaster's two goals lift Sacred Heart to Seventh Region girls soccer title Senior captain scores twice as Valkyries capture regional crown for sixth straight season Check out this story on courier-journal.com: https://www.courier-journal.com/story/sports/preps/kentucky/2018/10/20/kentucky-girls-soccer-sacred-heart-wins-seventh-region-title/1680000002/ Jason Frakes, Louisville Courier Journal Published 4:28 p.m. ET Oct. 20, 2018 Sacred Heart defender Addy Lancaster tries to keep the ball from Assumption forward Hannah Hennessey. 24 September 2017 (Photo: David R. Lutman, Special to The Courier-Journal)Buy Photo Addy Lancaster isn't the most prolific goal scorer for the Sacred Heart Academy soccer team, but coach Libbey Smith loves having her on the field. "She's a senior captain and a kid you want on the field simply for her smarts but also because she'll do anything you ask her to," Smith said. "Even if you don't ask her, she'll see it and fix it for the team. She's such a strong leader and smart player." Lancaster showcased those qualities Saturday, scoring twice to lift the Valkyries to a 3-0 victory over rival Assumption in the Seventh Region Tournament final at Manual Stadium. YOU MAY ALSO LIKE |Bullitt East tops Mercy for Sixth Region soccer crown Ranked No. 1 in the state, Sacred Heart (21-1-1) won the regional title for the sixth straight year. The Valkyries will host No. 12 Simon Kenton (17-6) at 7 p.m. Monday in the Semistate Four game, with the winner advancing to next Saturday's state quarterfinals in Lexington. Eighth Region champion Simon Kenton handed Sacred Heart its only loss of the season – a 2-1 decision on Sept. 11 in the first round of Lexington Catholic's Lady Knights Challenge Cup. Simon Kenton scored on an own goal before winning a penalty-kick shootout. "We obviously didn't play our best game or we would have come out on top there," Smith said. "An own goal and then ending up in PKs was a tough way to go." The Valkyries had no such problems Saturday, taking a 1-0 lead on Lancaster's goal in the fifth minute. After a corner kick from Caraline Francke, Lancaster bolted toward the goal and headed the ball in the goal. Meg Williams' goal gave Sacred Heart a 2-0 lead in the 13th minute, and Lancaster scored off another Francke corner kick in the 25th minute for a 3-0 advantage. Check this out: Playing for their fallen coach, Butler soccer wins Sixth Region title "We've been practicing corners a lot this week, and there are three targets to get to," said Lancaster, who now has nine goals this season. "I was on the back post, and both goals just came from me standing at the back post and waiting for the ball and then heading it in." Smith said Francke's accuracy on her corner kicks. "She's just got the touch," Smith said. "She's really good at putting a ball in that people can do something with." The No. 7 Rockets (16-6-4) put five shots on goal but couldn't dent the scoreboard as Sacred Heart posted its 15th shutout of the season. Assumption will lose 13 seniors off this squad, including seven starters. "It's going to be a huge transition year, but we have a lot of girls from the JV moving up and a lot of freshmen," coach Tammy Hailey said. "We're looking forward to it." Jason Frakes: 502-582-4046; [email protected]; Twitter: @kyhighs. Support strong local journalism by subscribing today: www.courier-journal.com/jasonf.

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Our Properties: Gamasutra GameCareerGuide IndieGames Indie Royale GDC IGF Game Developer Magazine GAO Tilt Warning: Pinball News Overload 2011: A Year In Orange And Blue Video Game Covers Yes! Jin Saotome Making Articulated, Poseable Skylanders Zeboyd's Cthulhu, Breath of Death VII Bundle Sells 100K+ Copies On Steam Seven Years Of World Of Warcraft In-Depth: PlayStation Network Analysis, October 2011 Indie Developer Daniel Remar Lets His Games Do The Talking This Week In Video Game Criticism: From Kotaku To Content Degradation Interview: Titmouse Games -- 'Just F*cking Go For It' May 31, 2009 8:00 AM | Simon Carless [In the final pre-E3 interview we're rolling out, Metalocalypse animator turned Seven Haunted Seas developer Titmouse Games talks to Brandon Sheffield about creative-led studios, game biz pay, and making what you want without getting screwed.] Los Angeles-based animation firm Titmouse, known for animating the Metalocalypse Adult Swim series, and which also did the cutscenes for the Guitar Hero games, has added a game studio, Titmouse Games, as announced back in March. The company has already released one title so far, the iPhone voodoo doll pestering sim Doctor Zomba. Also announced is Seven Haunted Seas, an action RPG staring a maligned pirate - and Fistful of Blood, based on the Heavy Metal-published graphic novel of the same name. Recently, we talked with Titmouse Games creative director Aaron Habibipour, previously with Sammy, High Moon, and Neversoft, and Keith Fay, VP of Titmouse Inc. about starting the new company, and how to be a creative-led company without letting your egos ruin your finances. There's no beating around the bush here - they know what they're good at, and what limitations they will likely run up against. But for now, the studio is very much operating under the Nike policy: "Just do it": How did this whole venture get started? I heard a little bit about it, but... Keith Fay: Well, you know, Titmouse has been doing animation for years and years. And we all play games, and we did all the in-game cinematics for all the Guitar Hero games. I was a writer on the original God of War games, so it's sort of always been in our matrix. And it's one of those things... Chris P., the owner of the studio, and myself have been constantly like, "One of these days, we got to start Titmouse Games." And we were really, really, really ready to commit at the end of the year and found out that Aaron had left Neversoft, and it was just like serendipity. It was like, "Holy shit. Let's get that guy." And we went from sort of like, "Hey, this is cool. Let's start a game company," to, "No, we are a game company. We're making games right now." So, it was really, really cool. And we've got great momentum, and we're really excited about it. And how much is your animation stuff going to cross over into game stuff? KF: I think quite a bit actually, just in terms of using the artists and things like that. I mean Aaron has the entire studio at his disposal. So, for instance, like the Seven Haunted Seas trailer, that's Titmouse's best people, the best and brightest working on that, and we're really passionate about that. And then again, in terms of our IPs, as we create more shows and get more projects made, video games are just going to be part of that world. It's not just an animated movie or just an animated series, it's a property that spans a bunch of platforms, and games are just a huge part of that now. Are you going to have to grow as a studio for this? KF: That's an interesting question. Yeah, we'll have to grow in terms of sort of expanding the game division. And the company itself is growing just kind of constantly. We've sort of been on a steady arc thus far. But not in a way there that I think will hurt our creativity at all. And I think that that's the core. No matter what we do, it's got to be cool, it's got to be weird, it's got to be dark, it's got to be edgy, it's got to be fun, it's got to be silly, it's got to be strange. And that's not something you can blow up too fast. We can't become McDonald's in a year. We sort of have to be careful about our brand. We're kind of precious about the stuff we do right now. Aaron Habibipour: One of the best things about going from a larger company to sort of guerilla style game making is just the fact that we're all so hands on and we can realistically talk about things, we can talk to each other. It doesn't become communication that's lost through... KF: Very DIY. It's like quitting Journey and starting a punk band. You know what I mean, it's like, "I went through this weird corporate thing where nothing I wanted to do could get done. And suddenly like every cool idea I have, I can do." AH: And that's the greatest thing about it. We can all sit there and work and really sit there and go like, "Hey, this is really fucking cool." It's great to be agile enough to be able to turn on a dime and be able to explore ideas, be able to do things, or be able to bring up things that might be edgy or risky and be able to do it anyway -- regardless, or because of. That's one of the cool things that we like. That's what I love about these guys, that they're willing to take risks, big time. You still have to be financially solvent at the end of the day. AH: Yes, of course. But I think the thing is that you can concentrate on making good games. That's always up for debate, and that's always like... It's always subjective to the individual, the reviewer, or whatever. I think the best thing that we can do is take the ideas that we really love and try to make those into really good games, and worry less about statistics and demographics and sponsors and all this other kind of stuff, and concentrate on what we really think is fun. Because honestly, I think, when you see all the groundbreaking games, and when you see all the things that really set the trends out there in the industry, you're looking at people who had passion products and people who really wanted to do things that they wanted to see done, rather than just build thing from a formula. There have been a lot of entertainment companies from outside of games come into games, but usually they are either so big that you can't necessarily care about it, or they're not very interesting. Whereas you guys are actually coming from a place of having street cred -- so would you say there are higher expectations from you?. KF: Absolutely. Right. We're super cognizant of that, and we're really paranoid about that. Everything we put out, like I said, we're super precious about her brand, and we want to make sure, "Does this have the right tones? Does it have the right vibe? Are we sending the right message?" We're our own like toughest critics, really. But if it gets through us, and we say, "Hey, that sounds cool to us," we just gotta trust the people that believe in our brand and have known our stuff and gravitated towards it, are going to gravitate towards the next thing. AH: So far, it's been everybody that we've had come into the studio that we wanted to talk to about doing something, whether it's an original idea or whether it's something that we wanted the license -- like let's say the Heavy Metal stuff with Kevin Eastman, the people that we've had come in have all clicked with us, and we clicked with them. And there has been, like, blinded ideas. We immediately start riffing off each other. And that's always a really good sign of something having a lot of promise, the ability for creators... Honestly, when you're in a big corporate environment, creators don't necessarily get to talk to each other. It's like, "I licensed it from you, and so I have to go through your manager to sit down... I have to run this through six people. Six people get to change it and do whatever they want to it before it gets to the other guy, and then he's got to approve it to send it back." And four of those six people don't actually understand what it is. AH: Exactly. KF: But they have to add their comments to it regardless. AH: The coolest thing is that so far, and the best thing that I like about this, is that everyone that we've talked to, we've maintained a direct line of communication with. We're actually starting to build a little bit of a circle of creative people that are outside of just games in general as well that are really wanting to work on projects together. You hear about this all the time in the film industry. Judd Apatow (Superbad) works with the same people all the time. Tim Burton works all the same people all the time, and they're all working on creative projects together. I'm hoping we can do that same thing with games and bridge that gap between games and entertainment in the same way. KF: There is no line for me. Entertainment, games, cartoons, movies, television -- it's kind of all the same things. Whether or not I'm controlling it and making it run around a field, or whether I'm watching it and laughing about it. It's story. It's characters. It's narrative. That's what we do. Are you working toward the kind of Hollywood model then in terms of being able to partner with certain people specifically for the right project and then moving on? AH: Well, yes. For instance, like Kevin has... It wasn't just Fistful of Blood that we talked to Kevin about. We've also talked to Kevin about writing for Seven Haunted Seas, which he's totally interested in. So, we're like, "Kevin, dude. We're going to do Fistful of Blood together. And then Kevin, why don't you come in and write like a cool side-quest storyline for Seven Haunted Seas?" He was totally up for that and totally down for that. Those are the kinds of relationships that we want to have with the people that we work with. And it's not necessarily about licensing something or working with someone or a specific thing, and then moving on. I hope that we can create a relationship with the people that we work with and do multiple projects. How many people do you have in the games bit of the studio? AH: There are about eight people right now that are working in the Titmouse games side, and in the animation side, it's of course about 80 people. It's a fairly large studio. How large do you think you're going to grow on the pure games side? AH: That's kind of a tough question to answer because it always depends on the game, right? You know, doing console games, for instance, almost requires a publisher to get done. And so, if we set up a publisher deal for Seven Haunted Seas, for example, there's an expectancy to get it done in a certain amount of time, and there's also getting it done in a certain amount of time for profitability, and all those sorts of things, and that's going to dictate how many people we hire. But I ultimately would love to keep it as small as possible, because there's something about growing too big and losing communication with the people you work with and having the entire team lose sight of what the direction and the goal is. KF: I mean, I hate to turn boutique -- it's such a weird term -- but in essence, that's kind of what it is. We have like a core group of people that are the real creatives. I mean, you staff up for different projects and things, but we like to sort of assemble a creative core that is our ten, twenty people that are the guys, you know what I mean. It's like any of the shows we do. Black Panther, we're doing for Marvel right now. It's like we bring in all the great artists that we find for this particular project, but when it really comes down to it, the directors and the writers and things like that are the Titmouse group. We hope to keep that same sort of creative control on the game side as well. AH: In that sense, it actually is more of a Hollywood model in terms of the studio that you're talking about earlier, where we do keep a core group of people on staff that are sort of like the creative force behind what we're doing, and we staff up sort of as needed for the project. You're going to staff up or you're going to outsource, do you think? AH: That's where it depends. I've kind of done both over the last eight or so years, and I sort of... There are two things. One, outsourcing is kind of, "You get what you pay for" sort of deal. Working cheaper doesn't necessarily mean working better. AH: But then you have to understand that it's not in your best interest financially to hire all these people on team and bring them in. But there are other outsourcing solutions for that sort of thing. I mean, there's definitely, especially these days, I think, a lot of talented people and a lot of talented companies out there here on the stateside that are doing great work. Like Brain Zoo, for example, who I've worked with several times. Those guys always create super quality work, and they outsource as well, and they're a solution for us as well, too. I just think that you could do that and still come up with really quality work. There are all sorts of communication issues going overseas, there are all sorts of management issues. You can't get feedback in time. One comment turns into three days of work. Yeah, I didn't mean outsourcing overseas necessarily. There are a lot of outsourcing options here as well, especially with the economy sucking. AH: Absolutely. Sure. That's totally an option. I think that those things all need to be kept on the table. You find a group of people that you really like to work with, and then you always send work back and forth, and start doing it that way. You can have just as much synergy with a group like that as you can have with having a full-time team in-house. Creators For the Win American games have become much more competitive with Japanese games than they've been historically, but one thing I feel they've lacked is a sense of a director, of cohesive vision -- and the result is good experiences that sometimes lack a full, emotional narrative. AH: I know what you're talking about, and I feel the exact same way as you do. It's something that I've talked about in the past as well, and I think that that absolutely needs to happen with games. It absolutely needs to happen. You need to have a guy who is there to maintain the vision every day and to make sure that he's looking at every aspect of the game as is necessary to really sort of judge whether these things are coming together the way they should or not. Too many times now, you really don't have people in those positions that understand the process of each department and how they need to work as well as they possibly should. They are either too busy to make good calls, or they just don't know enough to do it. I think that's where it's lacking, and I think that's where the game industry can take a lot of really good direction from the film industry. I think that we're really going to work on that. I think one factor the existing pay structure we have within games, wherein a game's director, lead designer or specific creative director has nowhere to go career-wise but executive level, and then they stop actually having direct influence on the game. AH: The answer that I have for that is that the games industry has sort of taken on this corporate structure that Hollywood doesn't really have when they work on films, right? In the corporate structure, you're moved up, and you're constantly moved up. And the thing that I don't think the corporate structure takes into account is that the best artist doesn't make the best manager. And so, what ends up happening is that you get a bunch of really good artists. You get a guy who's just a phenomenal artist, and you make him a manager of other artists. Is he really qualified to be a manager of other artists? No, probably not, because he's a really good artist, and artists are artists, right? They're not necessarily managers. And then he doesn't get to actually do art anymore. AH: Exactly. And so you lose access. KF: So, they get frustrated. AH: It really needs to be the way that you're talking about, right? Where the director is the director, who's the director every time. The producer is the producer, who's the producer all the time. And if he does a good job, you just pay the dude more. That's the way it is. I hope that we sort of structure things the same way. KF: Look at... Imagine Films is actually an example for that because you've got Brian Grazer and Ron Howard. You've got the great producer, the great director, and that's what they do. They find projects they're passionate about, and then they direct and produce it. They're not, "Now, we're the exec, and we're gonna shuttle this project and hire a director." It's like, "No, we fucking do these things." And that's the mentality we want to have. We find a great idea, we come up with a great idea or a great IP, I want Aaron fucking making the game. I don't want him sitting there hiring somebody to make the game. In Hollywood model, like the situation you're talking about with Imagine Films, for the logistics in all that, they hire people below them to deal with it. Whereas in games, you have people above you dictating that. And that's pretty weird. KF: Exactly. It's very backward. That's the one weird advantage that Titmouse Games has. We're not used to that model. We're used to that other model where it's creative driven. When a guy like Aaron comes in who's very passionate and very creative, we're not telling him, "No, you can't do that," we're saying, "Of course you can do that. Can you push that further?" We come from the right side of the brain, not the left side of the brain. We don't understand the limitations just yet. Eventually, I'm sure the business will dictate that. Right now, we're just, "fucking go for it." AH: When we worked on the Guitar Hero cinematics together, what was really cool about working with these guys is that I would write some of the cinematics, and I would just totally just go from here to here. And we knew there were budget constraints, budget limits, or whatever, but I wrote it out to here, and then we all sort of looked at it and said, "Okay, well then this is what we can do." There was a lot of good synergy -- I hate using that word -- between us and being able to work creatively together, which I think was awesome about coming together. KF: Right. Good collaborations. He would form the story beats, and we'd say, "We need to go from here to here to here to here. This is my vision of it." And then we'd get our directors, out storyboard artists, our writers, and we'd go, "Hey, how about this or this, and we can go from here." And it was very much like, "Yeah, sure, great! That sounds great!" It wasn't like, "No, I wrote it like this. Do it like that." It was a really creative, collaborative kind of thing, and that's what we're doing now. AH: Part of being creative and part of the whole process is trusting the people that you hire to get the job done. And I think there is a lot of -- and I've seen it sort of in the game industry -- mistrust in that I have these five artists working underneath me, but I kind of feel like I have to be on top of them all the time or they're not going to get it done. And that's just simply not the truth, you hire talented people because you need to trust them in order to get their job done. Who Hired You Again? Well, the issue there is -- not to interrupt you, but I did [laughs] -- sometimes, maybe I as a producer or director didn't hire these guys myself. KF: But I'm in charge of them now. Or if you've got a studio that's making the cutscenes, and, "Okay, I wrote this, but somebody else hired them, so I don't like their ideas. I wanted to work with someone I wanted to work with." AH: You're right about that. And one of the coolest things about Titmouse is we never have to outsource any of that stuff. We have a full-on animation studio here. We have top-notch graphic designers. We have top-notch concept artists. Like, we can do everything from the game to the commercial to the animated series that's going to go along with it. KF: Another thing, too, if Aaron's designing the game and I'm writing the cutscenes, he walks around the corner to my office and says, "Dude, that's not right. I don't like that." There's no like email chain back and forth for weeks going, "Can you get his agent on the phone? I need to tell him. I've got notes." It's like, "No no no, tell me dude. You're off message." "Oh, you want it like that? Cool. We can do that." Having a creative studio -- I think that is kind of a solution to a lot of that stuff, but obviously you need the biz side very much. To make a death clock analogy, you need the dude in the suit who's actually looking out for everyone. AH: We understand. [laughs] KF: Yeah. You know, it's funny, we do have the parents at the studio. You're obviously right. But as long as they know that they aren't necessarily making creative decisions. KF: That's the thing. And we have twenty people saying that. "I've got an idea!" And "I've got an idea!" As opposed to, "Well, our budget says you can only do this." No, we don't. AH: There are a lot of practical things about game development that you sort of have to keep in mind in order to ship a game in time, and that is you don't redesign things halfway through, that you stick with your vision and you do focus testing to improve and iterate on the things you've done, right? KF: You make that work. AH: Yeah, you make what you have work. You don't scrap things and start them over. Honestly, I've got to say that one of the coolest things is that part of the process is that in your head, you think something is really cool, and you think this is a really good idea. Well, you prototype it and give yourself a cut-off date. "This is my first playable. At my first playable, if the features work, they're in it. If they don't work and if they're not going to make it, then we cut them and they go away." It's harsh, but that's the way I think it should be done. To the Quick But you're mostly saying you should scrap early, right? I don't want to get you on record saying scrapping things is bad because that's how Blizzard has been so successful. AH: Sure, sure, sure. Like when StarCraft Ghost doesn't turn out to be what they thought, it's going away. KF: An analogy might be that it's just like an episode of Metalocalypse. I mean, it's like we animate the show, we have a certain percentage of retakes we can do, and it's like, "Pick your battles dude. You want to fix this scene, this scene, and this scene? Great, we can redo all that shit. But at the end of the day, our deadline's here, we drop here, we air here. Let's get it done. Let's make it work." And if everybody at the end of the day is willing to go, "Well, if I had a couple more months, I would have done this and that, but you know what? I don't. So, it's all good, and I believe in the show we delivered." And that's the way with the games, too. AH: I will say that on the feature side, just to clarify the whole scrapping thing, it's like you basically take your framework and you go, "Here are all the features that I want." And then you order them in priority up until a certain day. Let's call it a first playable, right? You take all those things and your order them, and you try to get them done. And you prioritize them from what's most important to the game to the least important to the game. If you can't make it by this first playable date, then it's a pretty good sign that it probably won't make it in the game, or if it does, it will be half-assed. So, you get what you can up to the first playable date, and then you do a solid review, and you say, "Hey, is this working or is this not working? Is it fun? Is this not fun?" You bring in a couple people to focus test it. If it's fun, you keep moving with it. If it's not fun, you drop it and you go. KF: And to keep that Blizzard mentality, if something comes along in the creative process, like, "Hey, wouldn't it be really cool if we did this?" "Well, that's not in the GDD, but it'd be cool. We can roll with that, too." We're very into kind of improvising. With the analogy again to Deathklok, it's like we go into the booth with the scripts, what comes out at the other end is pretty much 40 percent different from the script. We're all about that, but we're reasonable. We're a small company, we want to be smart, all the money shows up on the screen right now. There's not a bunch of overhead, there's not a bunch of waste. So, yeah, we have to make creative decisions and kind of stick to them. But they'll shift and stretch and things like that. Like, "Wow, we didn't know we could do this. Let's do it like that!" We're not the Simpsons. We're Metalocalypse. But that's okay for us, dude. We're fucking happy because we're proud of that shit, and we love it, and it's got its own niche. And that's what we do, and that's our brand. Games, the same way. We might not be Guitar Hero, but the shit we put out, Seven Haunted Seas, is going to be fucking badass. And the people that appreciate badass will love it. AH: And a Deathklok analogy that I keep bringing up is that either people have no idea what Metalocalypse is or Deathklok, or they do and they love it. It's a really interesting dichotic... KF: And we're comfortable. Like, if my mom doesn't know the game we put out, I'm okay with that. But if my brother knows it, fucking right on, you know? "Oh, I don't quite get it, but if these Titmouse guys are doing it, I'm sure it's going to be pretty interesting," you know what I mean? It's kind of that thing. Yeah, well you better do it, or else I'm going to be very disappointed. KF: We're doing it! [laughs] We're doing it just for you, Brandon.

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S2o provides bank stabilization using various hardened bank and natural bank stabilization techniques. These techniques include riprap and boulder retaining walls, engineered wood and vegetative bio stabilization, and more passive river training structures such as bendway weirs and J-hooks. Our experience with high energy river designs brings a valuable knowledge of where different techniques will be successful.

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Poufs Ottomans And Squares On Pinterest Square Pouf Ottoman Uploaded by admin in category Poufs. See also Krisztina Williams The Daily Find Ulani Outdoor Square Pouf Ottoman Square Pouf Ottoman from Poufs Topic. Here we have another image Multi Colored Ottomans Bellacor Square Pouf Ottoman featured under Poufs Ottomans And Squares On Pinterest Square Pouf Ottoman. We hope you enjoyed it and if you want to download the pictures in high quality, simply right click the image and choose "Save As". Thanks for reading Poufs Ottomans And Squares On Pinterest Square Pouf Ottoman.

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In June 2015, Democrat State Rep. Anthony DeLuca proposed a new bill that would require bicyclists to wear reflective clothing at night. While the bill aims to protect cyclists and reduce risks of nighttime bicycle accidents, bike advocates are not keen on the idea. Consolidated Statutes. The statutes already currently mandate that cyclists have the following. Brakes that stop them in 15 feet from a speed of 15 m.p.h. If the bill passes, it will take effect in 60 days. Additionally, DeLuca explains to amend the bill with a provision that would allow police to fine cyclists for violations. Bicyclists currently have the option to take certain safety measures while riding at night, such as using reflective tape. "Some of the roads where I represent are narrow. It only takes a minute for someone to lose control, maybe the bicyclists or the motorist, and you got a tragedy. So if we can make it safer, and more people are going to be biking, then we oughta do that," DeLuca said, according to News Works. Those against the proposal, House Bill No. 1361, have publically expressed concerns that mandating cyclists to don more gear would be burdensome and ultimately discourage them from biking. They say that rather than slapping extra requirements on cyclists, all road users would be better served by instead focusing on better infrastructure, such as larger bike lanes or a separating median between bicycles and motor vehicles. Scott Bricker, head of Bike Pittsburgh, echoed the concerns in his open letter to DeLuca and the Majority and Minority House Transportation Committee Representatives. "Criminalizing the wearing of regular clothing while riding a bicycle is unacceptable, and if this bill becomes law it's our grave concern that people who walk will next be forced to don reflective clothing just to take a leisurely stroll in the evening. If the bright front and rear lights/reflectors are not enough, then we also need to look into the operation at night of motorcycles and black-painted automobile," he wrote. The bill is currently up for review by the Transportation Committee. For more news of interest to Pennsylvania cyclists, visit the Cordisco & Saile LLC bicycle accident blog.

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George Henry Prismall (born 10 March 1915, date of death unknown) was an Australian rules footballer who played with the Brunswick Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) competition, and with the Essendon Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) competition. Family The son of Gladys Prismall, George Henry Prismall was born in Carlton, Victoria on 10 March 1915. Football Brunswick (VFA) Recruited from the Silvan Football Club in the Yarra Valley Football Association, he played his first match for Brunswick, on the half-back flank, against Preston on 20 May 1933. VFA suspension Prismall was reported on a charge of having kicked Sandringham's Bruce Scharp during the third quarter of the 11 August 1934 match at the Brunswick Football Ground. At the VFA Tribunal's hearing on 15 August 1934, the charge against Prismall was sustained, and he was disqualified for twelve matches. Essendon (VFL) On 12 June 1935, Prismall was granted a clearance "[from] Fitzroy and Brunswick to Essendon"; and, on 15 June 1935, he played his only First XVIII match for Essendon, against Fitzroy, at Windy Hill. Military service He served overseas with the British Merchant Navy during World War II. Notes References Maplestone, M., Flying Higher: History of the Essendon Football Club 1872–1996, Essendon Football Club, (Melbourne), 1996. External links George Prismal (sic), The VFA Project. 1915 births Year of death missing Australian rules footballers from Melbourne Essendon Football Club players Brunswick Football Club players British Merchant Navy personnel of World War II People from Carlton, Victoria Military personnel from Melbourne

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The boil order for residents in the 300, 400 and 500 blocks of North 12th Street has been lifted. The boil order for residents in teh 300, 400 and 500 blocks of Woolf Court has been lifted. A boil order has been issued for the 300 & 400 blocks of South 3rd Street until further notice. The Rochelle Water Department will be repairing a main break in the 200 Block of South 11th Street on Thursday February 25th.Water may be turned off to make the repair. Affected residents are being notified by a flier on their door.

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Get real rate quotes - not "estimates" When shopping for a life insurance policy, it's vital to know the distinction between term life insurance and cash value life insurance. Term life insurance lasts for your choice of a specified time (10, 15, 25 or 30 years) rather than up until death. Should you, the policyholder, die while coverage is in effect, the benefit goes to your designated beneficiaries, tax free. Should the policy end before death, you can renew it or let it expire. If you renew, the new premiums will be higher as your age and health are assessed anew. If it expires, there's no value or payout. You can cancel term life at any time, without penalty. Cash value life insurance, also called permanent insurance, however, lasts throughout your life and also accumulates value during that time. A portion of the premium payments go toward an account that grows tax-deferred over time. As the policyholder, you may borrow or pay premiums from it, but doing so will decrease the death benefit. Because of the cash value component, premiums are considerably higher than for term life policies. Cancelling a plan also often carries severe penalties. When you die, the stated benefit goes to your beneficiaries, tax free. Sometimes the cash value does, too, depending upon the terms of the individual policy. The decision ultimately comes down to your financial goals. If you want life insurance for a determined period of time, say, until your children graduate college, term life will meet that need. If you're looking to create wealth or ensure your heirs receive a benefit regardless of when you pass, cash value life may be a better fit.

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Can I just once again state my love for it and hope it gets merged soon? Maybe the code isn't perfect, but I've skimmed it, and compared to the horrors that are OpenVPN and IPSec, it's a work of art. Information about the inner-workings of WireGuard are available on their website. Go here for instructions on connecting. Normally, WireGuard operates on a single UDP port defined by the server-side config. Thanks to our port striping v2 feature, you can connect to WireGuard using any of our OpenVPN hosts on any UDP port (from 1-29999). There's only one IP per server that WireGuard will use, but that's only for the "exit IP". That means you can connect to any of the OpenVPN IPs, but the IP the internet will see you as having might be different. These limits are independent from our OpenVPN setup. So if you have a one month (or one week) cryptostorm access token, you can connect one device using OpenVPN, and you can connect a device using WireGuard. WireGuard was designed with roaming in mind, so connecting two devices at the same time using the same WireGuard keys/configs wouldn't work. If you need to delete any WireGuard keys tied to your token, use this page. If your token expires, any WireGuard keys associated with that token will be removed from the network. So if you've got a weekly or monthly PayPal subscription where you get a new token every week/month, each time that new token comes in you will have to revisit https://cryptostorm.is/wireguard and generate new WireGuard keys/configs. Our free WireGuard server works the same as our "Cryptofree" service: bandwidth is throttled to roughly 160kbps down, 130kbps up. Not fast enough to watch any HD videos, but plenty of bandwidth for sending an email, browsing a website, IRC, etc. On our paid servers, our tests verify WireGuard is indeed much faster than OpenVPN. We've seen increased speeds anywhere from 25% to 60% compared to OpenVPN, depending on a variety of factors (client CPU/RAM/ISP, load/location of node, etc.). We can't impose limits on keys per token with our free WireGuard server since they aren't tied to tokens. So if you plan on using our free WireGuard service, you need to connect within 24 hours or your key will be deleted. You also need to keep using the service at least once a week. The reason for this is because our Cryptofree WireGuard setup uses 10.10.0.0/16 (65,534 IPs) for the internal networking. If we let people add keys without anything in place to delete unused keys, that 65,5354 max would be reached sooner or later.

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Q: Weyl character formula for locally compact Lie groups. I was just wondering if there exists such a formula. Specifically I need to calculate characters of irreducible representations of GSp$(4,\mathbb{C})$. I know how to do it for the compact Lie group Sp$(4,\mathbb{C})$. Is there a way to extend this to account for GSp$(4,\mathbb{C})$? I know the structure of the roots and weights for GSp$(4,\mathbb{C})$ so is it ok to just use the WCF blindly in this situation? Also what would the Weyl group be?

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A guy name David,speaking or lookn for a pizza place that's a $5 tax included. it did not set well with me I don't realize that MFer. this person is very good i thank she's a great person she wants to talk and text all day long i guess she would love to talk for you also!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! The land line phones in United States are managed by Advantage Cellular Systems. An individual code consisting of the phone exchange code and area code is assigned for each constituent of a city in United States. Nashville, Tennessee has 615 assigned to it. You can use the exchange code and area code to find out crucial information about that particular area in the United States. For doing so, you can use the latitude and longitude which in turn correspond to the 36.1225 and -86.75957 to find out the particular area on the map. This is a respectable contact from Anesthesia Medical Group. A member of family recently had surgery. It's a survey concerning the anesthesia services. In addition, their service was exceptional. Just got a number. Nothing, no voicemail. Dismiss it. I looked up the number and it's a fraud. They contact me multiple occasions a day despite the fact that I've thought to halt. Occasionally when I answer they hang up. It really is ridiculous. This is a registered msg that is recurring. call using this co. That doesn't identify themselves. It has been made to both my telephone numbers about the do not call registry.

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Learn Tai Chi, Articles, Videos, Resources and More BEGINNERS PDF TAI CHI BASICS BALANCE EXERCISE WALKING EXERCISE TAI CHI BREATHING EXERCISE TAI CHI COURSES 21st century tai chi Ideas to bridge the space between thought and action THE TWITTER HISTORY OF TAI CHI IN 5 SIMPLE STAGES The teapotmOnk presents the totally-unsubstantiated, two-minute version of the History of Tai Chi Chuan. A version that takes into account a world suffering from attention deficiency and a world raised on a diet of social media updates and twitter length items. A slight familiarity with some of the characters and historical time-line of the martial arts may be of some assistance... Stage 1: The Mongoose In the beginning, the world was composed of 10,000 things, mostly serpents and mongooses fighting each other in an unobserved manner. Later, a few human beings occupied the planet, mostly stiff and awkward types practicing single martial postures, bringing to mind those displayed by John Saxon in Enter the Dragon. John Saxon and Jim Kelly in Enter the Dragon Stage 2: The Pritt Stick Onto this stage comes Chang San Feng, possibly the most renowned mongoose observer of his time, and a dab hand at sticking together otherwise fragmented John Saxon like postures. With his trusty orang-utan buddy, Chang San Feng fuses the moves into a single simian form and changes forever the nature of the internal arts and the private life of the average mongoose. (Read the exclusive interview with his Simian buddy about life with Chang San Feng in ONE LAST THING - see below) The infamous sticking tool Stage 3: The Peeking Several centuries later, in The Village of the Chens, the legacy of Chang San Feng was held hostage until a certain outsider named Yang Lu Chan 'the invincible', peeked into the Chen training halls, video-taped their secret routines and uploaded them onto YouTube and at last the secret was out. When the Chens were sent an anonymous email with a link to YLC's video channel, they dragged him into their lair where - he reputedly 'whupped' the entire clan with one little finger and thereafter changed the direction of Tai Chi forever. (See reconstruction of Yang Lu Chan's Visit to the "Village of the Chens" in One Last Thing - see below) Yang Lu Chan ( I am not a Number!) as he appears in the book One Last Thing Stage 4: From Invincibility to Commercial Viability The Video-Peeker's Grandson, Yang Chen Fu - a large and somewhat rotund figure - was burdened with the responsibility of continuing the lineage, so he peeked and learnt from the violent clashes of the Chinese Boxers and Foreign firearms so prevalent during the period. Discovering to his surprise that his generation had inherited little of his grandfathers invincibility, and without even sending a tweet to the Chen's - he unilaterally shifted the balance away from Tai Chi Chuan - as the Ultimate Martial Fist - to that of simply 'Tai Chi' the Ultimate exercise regime for all shapes and sizes. (Read a Fly-On-The-Wall account of Yang Chen Fu's decision to drop the Invincibility tag and to take Tai Chi down the Internal Path - in One Last Thing - see below) Stage 5: Shifting Sands After this, the world shifts continues to evolve, and some practitioners decide to evolve with it, whilst others carry on bending spears with their necks and pretending they are still in the 18th century. Some bits of Tai Chi flee political change by going West. Some bits stay in Asia. Everything changes, however, because it is in the nature of things to do so. In fact, some argue that Tai Chi is built on such foundations and is destined to effortlessly adapt to another time, language, culture and society. Sadly, such evolution is then criticised for the next 50 years for having adapted from the Chen Lair, and stiff and unbending types all over the world fight to re-establish things the way they were, back before the time of the peeker, back before Mongooses were observed; with the aim of shielding us from the Weapons of Mass Information. And thus ends the twitter history of Tai Chi Chuan. Click on image for more info the untold history of the martial arts This Twitter snippet comes from One Last Thing: A completely re-written history of the martial arts philosophy and practice featuring Bruce Lee, Chuck Norris, Krishnamurti, Kwai Chang Caine from the TV Kung Fu series, Rocky, Mas Oyama, Alan Watts, Dr- Who and a host of others in this mash-up of popular culture and iconography. Learn More here and watch the video below. "My imagination is a monastery, and I am its monk" John Keats Thanks for visiting. Take a look at the best Tai Chi articles, introductory courses and complete courses, books and music videos. If you have a question, or looking for private classes, affiliate links, drop me a line here. or subscribe for some great Tai Chi stuff delivered to your inbox. Tai Chi For Beginners: Top 10 Questions What is Tai Chi? The Best Articles on Tai Chi - or Recent Articles Tai Chi Books by Paul Read or Top 10 Books on Tai Chi Tai Chi Music 1 and the Best Video Music Tracks 2 Gifts for The Tai Chi Person in Your Life

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The Supreme Court ruled today in Doe v Reed that individuals who sign referendum petitions generally do not have a First Amendment right to remain anonymous. But the Court also held that courts should consider the particular facts in any given case to determine whether anonymity is constitutionally required. Blocking disclosure would be constitutional, the Court holds, "if there were a reasonable probability that the group's members would face threats, harassment, or reprisals if their names were disclosed." Protect Marriage argued that individuals who oppose lgbt rights fear harm because of possible retaliation by lgbt advocates, and therefore should have their identities kept private. The Court ruled that release of names and addresses of petition signers was normally justified by the state's interest in protecting against election fraud, i.e., against individuals signing a petition multiple times and/or using forged or invented names. The case will now go back to the lower courts for a determination of whether there is a reasonable probability that signers of this petition would suffer harm if their identifying information is released. Key to that assessment will be evidence that the fear of such harm is exaggerated or fabricated. An excellent amicus brief filed by Lambda Legal and several other lgbt organizations was before the Court in Reed, and was doubtless a factor in producing some of the strong language in the Sotomayor and Stevens opinions (see below). Although the bottom line result was a lopsided 8 to 1 split among the Justices (Thomas dissented), the reasoning was fragmented. The opinion of the Court, written by Chief Justice Roberts, stressed that the state had ample justification for treating referendum petitions as releasable public records, absent a showing of special circumstances. Justice Scalia, on the other hand, concurred in the result but wrote separately to make clear that he believed that there never should be an exception made to the law providing for name disclosure. Other concurring opinions favoring disclosure, and suggesting that this would hold true for the R-71 names, were written by Justices Sotomayor and Stevens. …[T]he process of legislating by referendum is inherently public. To qualify a referendum for the ballot, citizens are required to sign a petition and supply identifying information to the State. The act of signing typically occurs in public, and the circulators who collect and submit signatures ordinarily owe signers no guarantee of confidentiality. For persons with the "civic courage" to participate in this process, (opinion of Scalia, J.), the State's decision to make accessible what they voluntarily place in the public sphere should not deter them from engaging in the expressive act of petition signing. Disclosure of the identity of petition signers, moreover, in no way directly impairs the ability of anyone to speak and associate for political ends either publicly or privately. Case-specific relief may be available when a State selectively applies a facially neutral petition disclosure rule in a manner that discriminates based on the content of referenda or the viewpoint of petition signers, or in the rare circumstance in which disclosure poses a reasonable probability of serious and widespread harassment that the State is unwilling or unable to control. Cf. NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson, 357 U. S. 449 (1958). Allowing case-specific invalidation under a more forgiving standard would unduly diminish the substantial breathing room States are afforded to adopt and implement reasonable, nondiscriminatory measures like the disclosure requirement now at issue. Accordingly, courts presented with an as-applied challenge to a regulation authorizing the disclosure of referendum petitions should be deeply skeptical of any assertion that the Constitution,which embraces political transparency, compels States to conceal the identity of persons who seek to participate in lawmaking through a state-created referendum process. Any burden on speech that petitioners posit is speculative as well as indirect. For an as-applied challenge to a law such as the [Public Records Act] to succeed, there would have to be a significant threat of harassment directed at those who sign the petition that cannot be mitigated bylaw enforcement measures. Moreover, the character of the law challenged in a referendum does not, in itself, affect the analysis. Debates about tax policy and regulation of private property can become just as heated as debates about domestic partnerships. And as a general matter, it is very difficult to show that by later disclosing the names of petition signatories, individuals will be less willing to sign petitions. Just as we have in the past, I would demand strong evidence before concluding that an indirect and speculative chain of events imposes a substantial burden on speech. A statute "is not to be upset upon hypothetical and unreal possibilities, if it would be good upon the facts as they are." The widespread harassment and intimidation suffered by supporters of California's Proposition 8 provides strong support for an as-applied exemption in the present case…[I]f the evidence relating to Proposition 8 is not sufficient to obtain an as-applied exemption in this case, one may wonder whether that vehicle provides any meaningful protection for the First Amendment rights of persons who circulate and sign referendum and initiative petitions. The only Justice who did not write or join an opinion other than the opinion of the Court was Justice Kennedy. In sum, this battle isn't over yet, although Protect Marriage will have to meet an extremely high standard to block the release of names. In my view, this is exactly the right result. I would not have been comfortable with a ruling declaring that there could never be constitutional protection for keeping the identities of petition signers private. At the same time, four Justices make quite clear that they are suspicious that the manufactured hysteria over fear of gay retribution is just that.

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Whenever Apple releases a new version of iPhone OS or iTunes, one of the most frequently asked questions by users who have jailbroken and/or unlocked their iPhone is whether it is safe to download and install them. MuscleNerd from the iPhone Dev Team has answered this question for us about iPhone OS 3.1 and iTunes 9 that were released by Apple at the special event today. He has reconfirmed the warning iPhone Dev Team had given yesterday asking iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS users who had jailbroken and/or unlocked their iPhone to avoid upgrading to iPhone OS 3.1. iPhone OS 3.1 updates the iPhone OS as well as the modem firmware (from 04.26.08 in iPhone OS 3.0 to 05.11.07). So users who have jailbroken their iPhone and want to unlock it will have to wait for the iPhone Dev Team to release an updated version of their PwnageTool, which will allow them to update the OS without updating the modem firmware. If you want to only jailbreak your iPhone and don't care about unlocking; even then you are better off waiting for Dev Team to release PwnageTool as you'll end up losing your jailbreak if you update to iPhone OS 3.1 now and you could permanently also lose the option of unlocking your iPhone in the future. He has also clarified that it is safe to upgrade to iTunes 9 even if you have jailbroken or unlocked your iPhone. So this should answer your questions about iPhone OS 3.1 and iTunes 9, if you have jailbroken or unlocked your iPhone.

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Fintech Legal Report—Week of October 28, 2022 By Sam Boro, Samuel Klein, Monica Jang & Ross Handler on October 28, 2022 Posted in Consumer Finance, Industry Updates, Regulatory Updates The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) issued a circular and compliance bulletin providing guidance on two junk fee practices—surprise overdraft fees and surprise depositor fees—that it concluded are likely unfair, and therefore unlawful, under the Consumer Financial Protection Act (CFPA). The director of the CFPB announced that the agency plans to launch a rule-making process that will provide for personal financial data rights, seeking to move toward a more decentralized and neutral consumer financial market structure. According to news reports, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is investigating whether Visa and Mastercard are restricting debit-card routing competition, particularly through the way in which they use security tokens for online payments. CFPB Issues Guidance To Help Banks Avoid Charging Illegal Junk Fees on Deposit Accounts On October 26, 2022, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) issued guidance on two junk fee practices—surprise overdraft fees and surprise depositor fees—that it concluded are likely unfair, and therefore unlawful, under the Consumer Financial Protection Act (CFPA). Surprise overdraft fees. The first practice involves overdraft fees assessed by financial institutions on transactions that a consumer would not reasonably anticipate. While the CFPB notes that unanticipated overdraft fees may arise in a variety of circumstances, the agency focuses on one example in particular: overdraft fees assessed when consumers have enough money in their account to cover a debit charge at the time a bank authorizes it, but due to intervening settlements or other complex processes, the consumes balance is insufficient at the time of settlement (sometimes referred to as "authorize positive, settle negative" or "APSN" transactions). According to the CFPB's circular, unanticipated overdraft fees inflict a substantial injury on consumers, considering that these fees may total up to $36 and be assessed more than once. In addition, the CFPB's circular finds that consumers cannot reasonably avoid these unanticipated overdraft fees for a variety of reasons. For instance, financial institutions use complex policies to assess these fees that are often not clear to consumers (e.g., timing gaps between authorization and settlement, using one kind of balance over another when calculating fees, and ordering transactions in certain ways prior to processing). Furthermore, the circular notes that consumers increasingly make use of mobile banking tools, which could lead them to think the balance shown accurately reflects the balance available to conduct transactions. Under these circumstances, the CFPB's circular concludes that it is difficult for consumers to reasonably anticipate when a transaction may give rise to an overdraft fee (and thereby avoid said fee). Finally, the CFPB's circular finds that the injury from these unanticipated overdraft fees is likely not outweighed by countervailing benefits to consumers or competition. In particular, the CFPB does not find it plausible that the ability to generate revenue through such fees allows for lower account or maintenance fees that would outweigh the substantial injury, and the agency notes that economic research suggests shifting costs from front-end prices to back-end fees risks harming competition. Surprise depositor fees. The second practice involves indiscriminately charging depositor fees to every person who deposits a check that bounces, which the CFPB similarly concludes is likely unfair. As a matter of prosecutorial discretion, the CFPB does not intend to seek monetary relief for potential unfair practices regarding surprise depositor fees assessed prior to November 1, 2023. According to the CFPB's bulletin, these fees also inflict a substantial injury on consumers, and in many instances, consumers likely would not be able to reasonably avoid them (considering that consumers depositing checks would normally be unaware of and have little control over whether check originators have funds in their account). The CFPB notes, however, that it is unlikely an institution will violate the prohibition on unfair acts or practices if the method by which fees are imposed is tailored to only charge consumers who could reasonably avoid injury—for example, by only charging consumers a fee if they repeatedly deposit bad checks from the same originator, or when checks are unsigned. The CFPB bulletin also advises institutions that it may be difficult to show that the injury from blanket policies of charging surprise depositor fees is outweighed by countervailing benefits to consumers or competition. Benefits to depository institutions are not necessarily benefits to consumers; and the fees are not well-tailored to recoup costs from consumers who are responsible for the costs imposed on depository institutions for expected losses. The CFPB bulletin acknowledges that deterring consumers from depositing checks that will be returned may benefit them and the public interest but underscores that this can only be accomplished through the collection of targeted (rather than indiscriminate) fees. As to benefits to competition, the CFPB bulletin highlights arguments similar to those raised with respect to unanticipated overdraft fees, i.e., that these add-on fees may have a distortionary market effect that makes it more difficult to compete on transparent prices. The CFPB's circular and bulletin are the most recent announcements regarding the agency's junk fee initiative, which is one of many efforts across the federal government focused on this issue. More broadly, the Biden-Harris administration seeks to reduce or eliminate junk fees across a range of industries, such as banking services, cable and internet bills, and airlines and concert tickets. CFPB Director Says Draft Financial Data Rights Rule Coming On October 25, the director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) said that the agency plans to launch a rulemaking process that will provide for personal financial data rights by activating an authority under Section 1033 of the Consumer Financial Protection Act (CFPA). While not explicitly embracing an open banking or open finance rule, the CFPB director stated that the proposed rule will seek to obligate financial institutions to share consumer data upon consumer request, empower people to break up with banks that provide bad service, and unleash more market competition. The CFPB director highlighted three areas in which the agency expects to focus its upcoming rulemaking: Data sharing. The CFPB expects to propose requirements that financial institutions offering deposit accounts, credit cards, digital wallets, prepaid cards, and other transactions accounts set up secure methods for data sharing (such as application programming interfaces (API)). Through data sharing, the CFPB seeks to facilitate new approaches to underwriting, payment services, personal financial management, income verification, account switching, and comparison shopping. While the agency is starting with these particular transaction accounts, it expects to cover more products in the future. Data use limitations. In addition, the CFPB expects to look at ways to stop incumbent institutions from improperly restricting access when consumers seek to control and share their data. In particular, the CFPB plans to develop requirements to limit misuse and abuse of financial data (including frauds and scams), as well as to ensure that when consumers share their data for a specific use, that use is the only one for which the data will be used. Contending that "Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act privacy rules don't give consumers meaningful control over how their data is being used," the CFPB director stated that the agency expects to look at alternatives to the notice-and-opt-out regime. Safeguards against monopolization. Finally, the CFPB expects to explore safeguards to prevent excessive control or monopolization by one or a handful of firms. Emphasizing that it is "critical that no one owns critical infrastructure," the CFPB director stated that a "decentralized, open ecosystem will yield the most benefits for creators and consumers alike." Moving forward, the CFPB will publicly release a discussion guide on which small firms can weigh in as part of the agency's obligation to convene a panel of small businesses before issuing a proposed rule. Through this process, the CFPB anticipates hearing from small banks and financial companies that provide and ingest data, as well as from intermediary data brokers who facilitate data transfers. In the first quarter of 2023, the CFPB will publish a report on the input it receives, which will inform the proposed rule it plans to issue later in 2023. The agency hopes to finalize the rule in 2024. FTC Examining Whether Payment Networks' Security Tokens Prevent Online Debit Card Payments From Being Processed to Other Networks On October 17, 2022, the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) reported that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is investigating whether Visa and Mastercard are restricting debit card routing competition, particularly through the way in which they use security tokens for online payments. Generally, when an individual stores a card in a digital wallet, the card number is replaced with a security token, usually provided by the card's network (e.g., Visa or Mastercard). When a purchase is made, the security token, rather than the card's actual number, is sent to a payment network. Visa and Mastercard have pushed to increase tokenization, noting that tokens help protect cards from fraud. When a card number is tokenized, however, only the payment network that tokenized the card can understand the token and reassociate it with an actual card. This makes it easy for security tokens to process those payment networks that provided the security token in the first place. Alternatively, a payment network could unscramble its token so that a transaction can be handled by another network. According to the WSJ, the FTC is looking into whether Visa and Mastercard have been limiting the information they send when enabling online payments to go over different networks. This alleged practice may increase the chance that the card's issuing bank will reject the transaction when it is handled by the different network. The FTC is also looking into whether Visa and Mastercard are restricting competition when consumers store their debit card information on a merchant's website or app, as tokens are often used in these circumstances as well. For the last few years, the FTC has been probing whether Visa and Mastercard block merchants from routing payments over other debit card networks. The WSJ reported, however, that the FTC's current probe into the payment networks' security tokens may be linked to recent action from the Federal Reserve, which clarified that banks must enable at least two networks on all debit card transactions, including online payments. Sam Boro Read more about Sam Boro Samuel Klein is a graduate of the American University Washington College of Law, where he was a member of the American University Law Review. Read more about Samuel Klein Monica Jang Read more about Monica Jang Regular updates direct to your inbox

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Glenea kinabaluensis é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae. Foi descrito por Warren Samuel Fisher em 1935. É conhecida a sua existência em Bornéo. Referências Borneo catalog 2005 kinabaluensis Coleópteros descritos em 1935

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Just living in today's world is stressful for everyone, let alone a child struggling with autism. What is important for an ASD child is to reduce the stressors in his or her environment so that the child is not reactive to the world they live in. This may mean less noise, improved lighting, better air quality, pure filtered water, non toxic cleaning fluids, organic foods, cotton clothing, non toxic hygiene and personal care products, no microwave, avoid aluminum or non stick cookware, no tobacco exposure, no chemical pesticides, no plastic containers, be aware of geopathic stress, eliminate toxic building materials, remove rugs and carpets and so on. Children with autism are extremely sensitive to their environment and may have a variety of physical, emotional, psychological, and behavioral reactions to any of the above stressors. However, one of the most crucial concerns in our environment today is the increasing electromagnetic fields (EMF) and radio fields (RF) emitted from electrical power lines, smart meters, Wi-Fi, cell phones and towers, electrical wires/sockets and household appliances. Collectively the effects of all these fields together are referred to as electrosmog. Research has shown that electrosmog is one of the main contributing factors to the major epigenomic changes, (study of epigenetics), that has occurred at an excelling rate over the last two decades. Epigenetics is the result of environmental triggers modifying human genes by turning the DNA "on" and "off". Other environmental toxins also triggering epigenetic changes are the chemtrail spraying in the atmosphere by the geoengineers and the environmental chemicals called neuroendocrine disruptors which alter the hormonal system affecting the brain and the nervous system. The combination of all these environmental exposures are changing the gene expression and causing defects in the methylation process and the gene variant MTHFR (see Methylation/MTHFR). Children are most susceptible to the epigenetic risks which may be contributing to the current rise in autism spectrum disorders. In fact, the growing numbers are at an exponential rate. Experts predict that over the next ten years or so, most babies born will fall somewhere on the autism spectrum. Epigenetics is an overwhelming reality of how our environment and DNA interact with one another. Description: This site offers protective solutions for public health and our ecosystem. Katie Singer has created a unique website of information on awareness and solutions for families. Description: The mission of Surfer's Healing is to enrich the lives of people with autism by exposing them to the unique experience of surfing. The original surf camp for autism – one day at the beach! Description: Temple Grandin addresses a variety of stress-related issues pertaining to ASD children. She identifies with many of the problems families of ASD children are dealing with and addresses these issues in order to help parents reduce the stressors in their child's life. Description: This site is all about modifications to your home to accommodate your child's disability or condition after an accident. The site includes modifications for all kinds of circumstances such as: autism, sensory concerns, visual impairments and wheelchairs. Also addressed are financial concerns, medical equipment, available financial resources and when it makes sense to move. Description: Dr. Klinghardt has a wealth of information on the deleterious health effects of EMF and RF on the human race and especially on children. He provides many solutions and tools to protect families. Description: This book was written by the mother of an autistic child. It includes her own problem solving strategies along with the principles she learned from TAGteach, a system based on Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Description: With the increasing abundance of electromagnetic fields, the author reveals the effects on people as well as wildlife. By providing answers to this problem, this book is a valuable aid in changing individual focus, behavior, sleep, even disease susceptibilities. Description: Capitalizing on reducing stressors in autism, Patricia Lemer's extraordinary 5 step plan is showcased. By changing bad environmental influences, correcting core issues, improving sensory, enhancing communication, and working towards future independence, stress in autism can be greatly alleviated. Description: This book takes a systematic approach providing suggestions to help families develop systems for daily living. It was written by the mother of a child with special needs who is also a life coach. Description: Making it as simple as possible, the author shows the reader how to go "green" at home. This book gives several substitutions for common household products that are potentially a risk to your health. Description: Dr. Klinghardt gives a candid account of how illnesses today are dramatically affected by EMF radiation and, in particular, smart meters. Description: Dr. Blaylock talks about the geoengineering programs/agenda and the devastating health effects of the Chemtrails on the human brain and how we are seeing more and more brain degeneration. Description: This web page contains several approaches that can be used at home and school to reduce anxiety in autistic individuals. Description: An array of functional solutions for your home and daily living and specific products with which to protect your home. Description: Watch this flight simulation travel experience to see how the stress of flying can be significantly reduced. Description: Nothing is more stressful than having clutter. This site is very informative and instructive by giving tips on making viable renovations and accommodations in the home for seniors and individuals with disabilities. This review and guide on how to have a proactive approach in cleaning and decluttering your home room by room is a wonderful resource. This guide also includes best practices and recommendations. Forum/Blog Name: Are Electromagnetic Fields Linked to Autism? Description: This blog presents research as well as short videos connecting electromagnetic fields with autism. Description: Essays and blogs by Katie Singer, a medical journalist who works on public policy with the Electromagnetic Radiation Policy Institute. Description: This forum is for individuals with ElectroMagnetic Field Sensitivity (EMF Sensitivity) to discuss their illness, network with each other, and to seek assistance and support.

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Half avocados and remove the pits. Put in bowl and mash with fork, add in chopped veggies, garlic, sweet lime, pepper and any additional spices you may like. Serve with taco chips, veggies or whatever tickles your fancy!

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UAE leaders congratulate Emir of Qatar on National Day The Dubai Ruler and Abu Dhabi Crown Prince also posted congratulatory messages on social media A Staff Reporter Published: Sat 18 Dec 2021, 1:53 PM Last updated: Sat 18 Dec 2021, 5:54 PM President His Highness Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan has sent a message of congratulations to Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar, on his country's National Day. His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, and His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, also shared similar messages to the Emir of Qatar, according to state news agency Wam. Rulers of Sharjah, Ajman, UAQ and Ras Al Khaimah also shared their congratulatory messages to the Qatari Emir. Qatar National Day, also known as Founder's Day, is the national commemoration of Qatar's unification in 1878. Celebrated annually on December 18, the day was established on June 21, 2007. UAE is celebrating Qatar's National Day under the theme 'Many Happy Returns'. Sheikh Mohammed congratulated Qatar and described the nation as being united 'under the Gulf banner' with the UAE. "We congratulate our family in Qatar, leadership and people, on their National Day. We ask God that they may always be safe and prosperous. We are connected under the Gulf banner, and through brotherhood," wrote Sheikh Mohammed. نبارك لأهلنا في قطر قيادة وشعباً يومهم الوطني المجيد .. ونسأل الله أن يديم عليهم الأمن والأمان والاستقرار والازدهار … تجمعنا مظلة مجلس التعاون .. وتجمعنا الأخوة والنسب… وتجمعنا تطلعات شعوبنا لمستقبل أجمل وأفضل للجميع بإذن الله. — HH Sheikh Mohammed (@HHShkMohd) December 18, 2021 Meanwhile, Abu Dhabi's Crown Prince shared a message on social media, which read, "Congratulations to our brothers and sisters in Qatar on the country's 50th National Day. We wish Qatar and its people continued prosperity and success under the leadership of Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani." UAE to celebrate Qatar National Day on Dec 18 Several festivities have been planned in the UAE, including lighting up of landmark buildings in the Emirates with the Qatari national flag. Unique celebrations are being organised at the Dubai Expo 2020 and Global Village. Furthermore, a special entry stamp and reception will be given to Qatari citizens arriving at the UAE's airports. [email protected] More news from UAE UAE, Turkey to ink new agreements during Erdogan's upcoming visit The Speaker of the Turkish Parliament had met on Thursday with Saqr Ghobash, his Emirati counterpart UAE1 day ago Covid in UAE: Pakistani engineer-turned-security guard wins Dh100,000 in Mahzooz draw Another winner, Francois, won twice in the grand draw, taking home a total of Dh55,554 UAE: Now, sell old clothes for cash, coupons Used garments will be picked up free of charge and recycled or resold Bodies of Indian expats killed in Houthi attack reach Amritsar India's Ambassador to the UAE had said that the embassy was working with the Punjab government for local support Israel PM condemns Houthi attacks on UAE in call with Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Naftali Bennett offered his condolences to Sheikh Mohammed over the victims of the attacks UAE: Bodies of Indian victims killed in Houthi attack to be repatriated to Punjab The Indian envoy to the UAE said their remains would reach Amritsar on Friday morning UAE: First Space Economic Zone set to come up in Abu Dhabi Spacetech hub offers package of benefits, including office space, mentorship, networking, investment opportunities, access to government contracts and more. Dubai: Police fine 18 bike rental offices for violating safety rules Awareness campaign launched by police due to increased turnout of tourists in desert areas during winter.

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The story appears on GET this page in PDF Home » Business » IT Huawei invests in eco-system Source: Agencies | September 3, 2016, Saturday | Print Edition HUAWEI Technologies plans to invest a total of US$1 billion to attract global developers to help it set up its own eco-system, the firm said yesterday in Shanghai. The Shenzhen-based firm intends to spend the US$1 billion by 2020 and to cooperate with Intel and SAP to establish a data-driven and cloud world, said Guo Wei, Huawei's rotating chief executive. "It's a big cake (for digital transformation) and we are glad to share with partners and developers," Guo told the Huawei Connect conference yesterday in Shanghai. Huawei has so far invested US$300 million for this purpose. In the next decade, the global digital transformation will create a market of US$100 trillion, according to the World Economic Forum.

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We should drop the idea of the United States of America being one country | We should drop the idea of the United States of America being one country John Stoehr December 05, 2022Bank Among the Editorial Board's myriad mandates, as I see them, is bursting dogma, flaying stigma, and otherwise defenestrating ideas that make cohering American politics harder than necessary. For instance: The United States is one country. READ MORE: House Democrat rips Republicans for refusing to condemn Donald Trump's 'full embrace of fascism' That we are not one country is evident to anyone who has traveled widely around the country, who has lived and worked in various parts of the country or who has bothered to learn the country's history. Indeed, we are held together loosely by a constitution, but our founding document has been used to sow division as much as, or more than, to cement unity. Meanwhile, there isn't really an America so much Americas that pretend to be more in line than they are. They pretend because those Americas might be different if they stopped. Real sovereign units, made-up bigger one That we are not one country is evidenced also by the early party primary states. Iowa (first) is different from New Hampshire (second), which are different from South Carolina (third) and Nevada (fourth). Sure, voters there call themselves Democrats, but they are so distinct by geography, culture and politics as to be semi-autonomous zones. Their states, moreover, are more like countries in the European Union, nation-states inside a larger, overarching and made-up unit. The differences quickly present themselves. Iowa Democrats want the party's national leaders to address climate change and secure human rights. South Carolina Democrats rarely share lofty goals. Theirs are defensive – eg, preventing GOP-controlled state governments from making their lives harder than they already are. READ MORE: House Republican: 'I'll fall in behind' Donald Trump in 2024 despite call to suspend the Constitution The national Democrats are rethinking the order of primary states. According to the Post, the president wants South Carolina first, New Hampshire and Nevada second, Georgia and after that Michigan. But beyond the symbolic, which isn't nothing, this order or that order probably doesn't matter. Democrats in South Carolina are going to vote like Democrats in South Carolina, not like Democrats in Iowa. We pretend the order influences the outcome, but it really doesn't, because that would require the United States to be one country. A fictional community If you do not understand that the United States not one country, you may find yourself confused and asking why, when national polls show overwhelming support for reproductive rights, the GOP is dead-set on the opposite. They seem bent of the ruination of young women's bodies for the sake of protecting cell clusters that aren't human yet. A poll showing national support for, say, bronco busting, while popular in regions like Texas and the American southwest, won't mean a thing to the highly concentrated and densely packed residents in the tristate area that links Connecticut, New York and New Jersey. If they outlaw bronco busting, nothing can stop them, though it contravenes the will of a national democratic majority. States that have outlawed or restricted abortion don't care – don't need to care – about what a majority of Americans believes is right and good in a national survey, because a national survey measures the opinion of a political fiction, not a real political community. Liberals by their nature envision a true e pluribus unum, but liberals should remember that that is, and may always be, an work in progress. Unity is a noble aspiration, not a concrete fact. As long as the United States is a de facto federation of (maybe) a dozen political zones – though not legal ones – unity might always prove elusive. An artifice of law Even the concept of states distorts reality. There's 50, but what's the practical difference between Mississippi and Alabama, or Connecticut and Rhode Island or the Dakotas? I'm sure residents there have strong opinions. But I'm also sure that, to national political figures, those distinctions are invisible. From a national viewpoint, there aren't 50 states so much as (maybe) dozen political regions that, when cobbled together, form the United States. The United States as one country comprising 50 states is an artifice of law and political convenience more than it is a description of how we function politically in our respective politically communities. Don't believe it? Why is the Mason-Dixon line where it is (the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northern border of West Virginia and Maryland)? It's not a land mass like rivers or mountains. It's merely line drawn on the map – a legal and political demarcation – that once separated non-enslaving states from enlaving states. It is a product of democratic politics, not the result of natural causes. Indeed, all borders are thus. That goes for borders, too What's the difference between a border dividing American states and a border dividing nation-states, like the United States and Mexico? None that are serious. They are fakes drawn for the convenience of leaders and communities to make sense of and identify themselves coherently, to administer and enforce respective laws and so on. If you're going to have a nation-state, which is what western countries have been doing since the Enlightenment, that nation-state requires national borders. Otherwise, there's little point to it. Nation-states aren't always artificial. (Eg, England.) But their land borders always are. They are products of politics, first and last. Donald Trump was fond of saying that you don't have a country if you don't have borders. But Borders are the least important aspect of the character of any country, because they are legal and political fictions. We pretend – well, fascists like Trump pretend - that the US-Mexican border is natural, as if God gave it to us, as if an abomination to tamper with it, as if a weak defense were a sin. But the only thing natural about the US-Mexican border is the Rio Grande, and given the river dries up every year, it's not even that. We act like billions sent to the border, for the purpose of "securing it," will somehow protect American values, identity, even destiny. That's a lot to ask for, because the border was arbitrarily created. Like the United States. That the United States is not only one country doesn't mean we shouldn't think of it that way. But whatever utility there is to that idea is undermined by today's United States Supreme Court. It's like the court won't allow us to be one nation, indivisible. The court's rightwing supermajority has been on a tear lately, as in tearing up federal laws and federal court precedents like Roe that had in effect served as the glue that held the 50 states together as one. The trend started in 2013 with the Shelby ruling. That's the one that said states with a history of racial animus in government policy no longer have racial animus. Where once those states had to get clearance from the US Department of Justice before changing their elections laws, they can go ahead and so whatever they want. Since then, states (mostly southern) have enacted laws that erode the power of racial minorities, deepen the white-power status quo and lay the foundation for what are becoming quasi-apartheid states that are being organized to deprive majorities of their political power. The court has also aided in quasi-apartheid states by allowing them to gerrymander themselves so they can be run by a ruling minority party that does not fear the consequences of democratic politics. This fact alone – that states such as Wisconsin, Ohio, Texas and Florida barely reach a definition of republican government – is another reason for the rest of us to drop the idea of the United States being one country. There is no America. There are Americas. Pretending otherwise warps our ability to make sense of ourselves. READ MORE: 'Keep me out of it': Benjamin Netanyahu dodges talking about Donald Trump's 2024 campaign Inequality of life: One-third of the United States lives in poverty or teeters on the brink › Why Roe's demise pushed the US even closer to violent civil conflict: author › US Generals issue chilling warning of divided military and possible civil war with next attempted coup in 2024 › 'These are conditions ripe for political violence': how close is the US ... › How the Second Civil War Could Start - The Bulwark › Americans are just as divided as they were before the election | Ipsos ›

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Q: Solr Wildcard search on int field My schema.xml for Solr has many integer fields. How do I do wildcard searching for int fields? I have many dyanamic fields for int values as shown below. <dynamicField name="*_nbr" type="int" stored="true"/> eg: I have a field called store_nbr and I want to find all stores that start with 280. I tried giving store_nbr:280*, but it didn't return any results. Similarly I have many such integer fields. A: While the answer from @Kumar hints in the correct direction (but don't use a text field from the default schema.xml for this, as it will process any input both when querying and indexing), the explanation is that you might need a new field to do wild card queries against, unless you can transform your query into an actual integer operation (if all your store_nbr-s are of the same length). Add a StrField (in the default schema.xml, there is a defined type named "string" that is a simple string field that suites this purpose): <field name="store_nbr_s" type="string" indexed="true" stored="false" /> Add a copyField directive that copies the value from the store_nbr field into the string field when indexing: <copyField source="store_nbr" dest="store_nbr_text" /> Then query against this field for prefix matches, using the syntax you already described (store_nbr:280*). If this particular query format (querying for the three first digits of a store_nbr) is very common, you'll want to transform the content on the way in to index the three first digits in a dedicated field, as it'll give you better query performance and a smaller cache. And if you're doing a lot of wild card queries (with varying lengths in front of *), look into have a field generate EdgeNGrams instead, as these will give you dedicated tokens that solr looks up instead of having a wild card search which may have to traverse a larger set of possible tokens to determine whether the document should be returned. A: see this answer. You have to add a directive link in your schema.xml in {solr_home}/example/solr/your_collection/conf/schema.xml as shown in that answer. Copy all your fields to make it searchable for wildcard query.

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Male Mermaids? Aquamen Debut at B Ocean Mer-men are diving into the Wreck Bar's pool portholes where, up until now, only mermaids dipped. "The Aquamen Underwater Burlesque Show" will add a splash of macho into the mix at the B Ocean Resort on Fort Lauderdale beach, best known for its MeduSirena Live Mermaid Show on weekends. Staged (or should we say floated) in the bar's porthole windows that look into the resort's swimming pool, the show has six swimmers performing Thursdays at 9 p.m. starting Feb. 7. The whole vibe, is a throwback to the '50s and '60s when porthole bars were quite common in resort destinations such as South Florida. "Back when they did have these kinds of shows, men did a lot of shows as well," explains Marina Anderson, the show's producer. "They would do things ranging from performing as the Beatles to James Bond fight scenes and all this stuff would take place in these kind of waters. And now that there are so few left it really was a great opportunity to be able to revisit those days … that at one time were pretty prevalent and give people a little taste of what it was like back in the day." Jimmy James rehearses for The Aquamen Underwater Burlesque Show at the B Ocean Resort pool, Tuesday, January 29, 2019. The Wreck Bar in the B Ocean Resort on Fort Lauderdale beach is adding a new underwater burlesque show featuring a male cast. Photo: Michael Laughlin / Sun Sentinel What do aquamen do in the show? Anderson says she started putting the new men's show together a year ago, auditioning the performers and then starting their training this fall. "It's a tough thing to describe, because if you tell them you're going to see men underwater doing acts of derring-do … it is a very abstract concept. So generally I let them know they are going to see something that they probably won't see anywhere else, which is absolutely true. This is the only underwater male burlesque show in the United States, which is really amazing." Anderson — whose stage name, or in this case her aqua name, is MeduSirena — says that the show morphs depending on audience reaction since the Wreck Bar attracts a lot of repeat customers. "We don't want them to feel that they are seeing the same thing twice," she says. "And since the cast is as diverse as this one, you want to be able to produce something that will allow them to know what to expect. It's very organic. And I think the sign of a good swimmer is to be able to work and go with the flow, to react to an audience calling or yelling. We can hear them through these windows. You'll never get the same show twice. I think that is actually a really great aspect of the show." Evan O'Sheehan rehearses for The Aquamen Underwater Burlesque Show at the B Ocean Resort. Photo: Michael Laughlin / Sun Sentinel Anderson has been an aquatic performer at the Wreck Bar for 13 years, first as a figure swimmer known for her how-does-she-do-that breath control and her tourist-magnet mermaid costume. Soon afterward she was packing the venue as the director/producer of the underwater show starring her mermaid Aquaticats. On Fridays and Saturdays the women put on a family-friendly show at 7 p.m. There's also a "Mermaids and Mimosas" Sunday brunch from 11 a.m.-3 p.m. And there's the swim-tease of a show that's more for grownups that starts at 10 p.m. on weekends. That show, which Anderson started in 2017, was inspired by Esther Williams' elaborate synchronized swimming movies at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. How to see the show There's no cover charge. Doors open at 6 p.m. every Thursday starting Feb. 7 and patrons get a free glass of prosecco. Between 7-8 p.m. there are $7 cocktails and appetizer specials available ($8 cocktails between 8-9 p.m.). The show starts at 9 p.m. Reservations are recommended by calling 954-245-3836 or email [email protected]. Want to meet the AquaMen before you go? Click over to the original article written by Contact Reporter, Rod Stafford Hagwood on SunSentinel.com In The News, Party People February 4, 2019 Permalink 5 Must Have Cocktails for Your Beach Vacation Iconic Hotels Pumping Millions Into Property Upgrades A Concierge for Same-Sex Weddings in Florida

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Back to Neurology Migraine Treatment Services Patients suffering migraine headaches can consult with a neurologist and receive world-class migraine treatment at the John R. Graham Headache Center at Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital. The Center has received international recognition for clinical excellence, for research on women's issues, and for pioneering new approaches to migraine treatment. What is a migraine? A migraine is a headache with throbbing or pulsing pain, often on one side of the head. A person with a migraine may be very sensitive to light and sound, and may also become nauseated. Some people see flashing lights or zigzag lines and may temporarily lose their vision. Approximately 12 percent of people in the U.S. get migraines, and women experience migraines three times more often than men. Many people who get migraine headaches can identify triggers that seem to start the onset of symptoms. Common triggers include: Stress and other strong emotions Biological and environmental conditions including our hormonal shifts and exposure to light Flickering or glaring lights Certain foods Migraine treatment at Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital Migraine treatment depends on many factors, including the patient's age, overall health and medical history, as well as the severity of the migraine headache and tolerance for specific medications or therapies. Migraine treatment at Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital may include: Preventive medications – this migraine treatment involves taking drugs regularly, often on a daily basis, to help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine headaches. Symptomatic medications – this type of migraine treatment involves the taking medication during a migraine attack and is designed to stop symptoms that have already started. Recommendations for non-drug therapies – an alternative migraine treatment such as acupuncture, biofeedback, massage therapy, or cognitive behavioral therapy may help mitigate chronic migraine pain. Botox injections to dull future headache symptoms. Occidental nerve block treatment to limit pain messages sent by the occidental nerve to the brain. Trigger point injections to relax areas of muscle spasm that may contribute to a migraine headaches. Lifestyle changes such as avoiding known triggers, changing eating habits, resting in a quiet and dark environment, exercise, and stress management techniques. Make an appointment for migraine treatment To contact the John R. Graham Headache Center, please call 617-983-7580. The Center is located at the Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital. Patients may also consult with physicians in the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital about a broad range of neurological conditions and treatments, including sleep disorders, Alzheimer's disease symptoms and Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, and an EMG test to detect abnormal electrical activity in the muscles. Learn more about Migraine Treatment at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Find an expert Neurologist for innovative neurologic treatment and compassionate care. Learn how quality and patient safety are at the core of Brigham and Women's mission and vision. Top Hospital Learn more about how U.S. News & World Report ranks Brigham and Women's Hospital.

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St Bede's College / Privacy Notice We understand how important your personal information it is to you and we take the safeguarding of your privacy very seriously. To show our commitment to letting you know exactly what information we are collecting about you, how we are using it and how we are keeping it secure – we have updated our data protection policy and procedures in preparation for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We have also reviewed our fair processing notices so that you can stay up-to-the-minute with the use of your personal information. When you join the College or even just visit our website, we need to ask you for some personal information. Our Privacy Notices explain why we need this information, what we do with it and how long we keep it. Depending on your relationship with the College at the time, you may fall into one or more of the following categories: Governor Privacy Notice Pupil Privacy Notice Pupil data is collected through the College by awarding bodies for conducting examinations and assessments and the issuing of examination results and certificates. We work with the following bodies: Joint Council for Qualifications (external Privacy Notice). AQA (external Privacy Notice) Pearson Edexcel (external Privacy Notice) OCR (external Privacy Notice) WJEC (external Privacy Notice) Cambridge Assessment International Education (external Privacy Notice) These Privacy Notices will kept up-to-date as further GDPR guidance will be issued, or from time to time we may need to change what information we collect or who it is shared with. We want to make sure we are giving you the information about privacy and security that you want, so if there is anything you would like to know more, please contact [email protected]

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A friction-free telehealth website treating Alcohol Use Disorder using Pharmacological Extinction, also called the Sinclair Method. Access treatment at home, work, or on the go, all from your mobile device or desktop. Most online doctor visits are same-day. We deliver the medication directly to you. The result is unsurpassed ease and access. Meet Sarah Novia, therapist and co-founder of the Alcure digital health platform. Sarah offers our therapist-level support in CA, CT and MT, where she is licensed. She holds an M.S., Ed.S., LPCC, NCC, BC-TMH. Sarah has helped hundreds of clients from a wide range of backgrounds solve personal issues for lasting change, including those facing excess drinking issues and other substance abuse challenges. Using solution-focused therapy, Sarah will help you become a pro at the Sinclair Method while also helping you resolve the personal issues that often coexist and aggravate Alcohol Use Disorder. Sarah graduated with a B.A. from New York University in 2001 and an M.S./Ed.S. from Florida State University in 2006. She is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in California and Connecticut, and a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Montana. Licensure CA no. 884, CT no. 1896, MT no. BBH-LCPC-LIC-16131. Meet Richard Park, M.D. our lead California physician. For our California clients, he will prescribe your medication and monitor you throughout treatment. Dr. Park is board certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine. In 2005, Dr. Park earned his medical degree at Flinders University School of Medicine in Australia and in 2010 completed his Internal Medicine Residency at Good Samaritan Hospital affiliated with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore and served as Chief Resident. He is also a registered pharmacist. In 2001, he completed his pharmacy degree at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. Meet Jim Kamanski, J.D., attorney and co-founder of the Alcure digital health platform. Peer nominated as a Southern California Super Lawyer (top 5%) for the last 8 years, and with over twenty years of experience counseling legal clients and practicing an area of law requiring an extensive knowledge of medicine, he is also the voice of Team Alcure and you can find his blog postings and comments on social media outlets such as Twitter, Quora and Reddit under alcure.me or Team Alcure. We service residents of Connecticut, D.C., Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Rhode Island where Dr. Clifford Fields will prescribe your medication and monitor you throughout treatment if you reside in these states. Dr. Fields specializes in Emergency Medicine and Family Practice, and also treats patients facing substance abuse challenges, including working with patients struggling with opioid addiction. Dr. Fields earned his medical degree in 1985 at the University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine in Missouri. He also served as a General Medical Officer and Squadron Medical Officer with the U.S. Navy. Licensure CT no. 49250, DC no. DO034751, FL no. OS15415, GA no. 81886, ME no. DO2808, MD no. H85821, MA no. 74935, NJ no. 25MB10351900, RI no. DO00356.

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I'm planning to build a full VR room in my house once all this gear starts hitting mainstream next year. I'm planning on using the Oculus Rift CV and dropping the cables for it down from the roof to my Virtuix Omni. Is there going to be an adapter for the rift that will allow it to spin around and around in circles with me on the omni? I don't want to have to take it off every 10 minutes if I find I like to only do left turns in CS:Go for example. I've seen 360 degree HDMI adapters, but this would need to be able to spin the HDMI and usb in parallel as to not cause the cables to twist. Anybody know of anything? There called slip rings. They even have HDMI slip rings. However before you get your hopes up I have never seen an HDMI slip ring that advertises anything over 1080p and not a single one advertises any kind of supported hertz value. I am not even sure it's technically possible to make one that can support the resolution and frequency needed by a HMD, regardless of cost. Even if it is technically possible you would need to have HDMI, USB and power built into a single slip ring. Having multiple slip rings is pointless as you would be right back where you started. All that being said the Omni folks have said many times that suspending the cable above you with some slack will be sufficient for all but the longest gaming sessions. I think if they were stopping and unwinding the cables every 10 min at trade shows someone would have pointed it out. Anything is possible, and with an emerging market I can see innovation happening in slip-ring design. However the cable isn't a problem. Indeed it is not that often you need to uncoil it. You are far more likely to stop and take a natural break before it becomes an issue - unless of course it's a very long gaming session or for some reason there's a high instance of turning in the same direction. Thanks for the info on "Slip Rings". I don't think you'd need to worry about the slip ring supporting the current standards since the cable standard for HDMI 2.0 is the same for HDMI 1.4 is the same for HDMI 1.3. But ya, like you said, I want one that will do both HDMI and USB concurrently on the same ring. I'm hoping if there's nothing now, that there will be in 6 months. I'm really looking forward to all this. @Eirhead the pinouts and port shape might be the same the the frequency is the issue. The higher the supported frame rate the higher the frequency requires running through the cable. The higher the frequency the more susceptible it is to noise, something slip rings are notorious for. Yes here is to hoping!

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BEUC - The European Consumer Organisaton (BE) Agustín Reyna is Director of Legal and Economic Affairs at The European Consumer Organisation, BEUC. Agustín heads the legal and economic department composed of five policy teams (Financial Services, Digital, Consumer Rights, Competition, and Consumer Redress and Enforcement). He leads the Financial Services team and coordinates the organisation's work on competition law enforcement and policy before the Commission and the EU courts. Since 2018 he acts as non-governmental advisor for the Commission to the International Competition Network and represents BEUC in various European and international fora. He holds a PhD. in law from the University of Bremen and often publishes in scientific journals on issues related to EU law. Dark Patterns and Data-Driven Manipulation Leiden University (NL) Mark R.Leiser When Privacy and Data Protection Rules, What and Who Loses Out? Interdisciplinary Hub for Digitalisation and Society (iHub), Radboud University Nijmegen (NL) SarahEskens

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The American Psychological Association (APA) is the leading scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States, with more than 115,700 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students as its members. APA's News & Events. The IUPsyS sponsors an International Congress of Psychology (ICP) every four years. The ICP is organized by a national host committee under the auspices of the Union and in consultation with the IUPsyS Executive Committee. ICP's 2020 Congress. "La Psicología en el Siglo XXI: ¿Qué nos une?" es el lema que convoca a todos los psicólogos colombianos a participar en el congreso que se realizará del 11 al 14 de septiembre de 2019 en el Centro de Convenciones Blue Gardens – Hotel Hilton Garden Inn Barranquilla. The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) represents and supports the profession of school psychology by advancing effective practices to improve students' learning, behavior and mental health, and by maintaining essential standards for ethics and practice. NASP's 2019 Annual Convention. The Interamerican Society of Psychology (SIP) was founded in Mexico City by a group of behavioral scientists on December 17, 1951. The SIP provides a means of communication among psychologists with similar interests in North, Central, and South America, and the Caribbean, and to promote the development of psychology in the western hemisphere. SIP's Congress.

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VIDEO: Ben Golub, CEO Docker - InternetNews. The modern world of virtualization has largely been dominated with virtual machine hypervisor technologies like VMware, KVM and Xen, but there are alternatives. Among them is the increasingly popular Docker open-source container technology. Docker issued the 0.7 release of its namesake technology today, expanding the base of its support to all major Linux distributions. In a video interview with eWEEK, Docker Inc. CEO Ben Golub explains the company's promise and where it's headed. Docker Inc., formerly known as dotCloud, recently rebranded to the Docker name. Golub joined the company in April, after a successful exit from Gluster Inc., which he sold to Red Hat for $136 million in 2011. The lessons that Golub learned from his experience at Gluster are informing his decision-making and the direction he is taking for Docker. "What I learned from Gluster is, if you want to be open-source and you want to make a difference, you have to be radically different and present a significantly newer way of doing things," Golub said. "With Docker, what we're really doing is taking a model of building and deploying code that has been broken for a while and replacing it with a radically simple idea to containerize code and make it possible to really build once and ship anywhere."

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Be able to create multiple retargeting campaigns with different product sets, Ad formats and Ad placements to maximize your ROI. Have full right to access transparent ad performance on your Facebook ads manager. WHY SHOULD YOU NEED A RETARGETING CAMPAIGN? Have you ever had this happen? Potential customers visit your website, carefully look at your products, but just leave without registering. When this happens, you know you lost an interested buyer who spent time looking at your products. Obviously, they have interest in what you offer. But now they're gone. Wouldn't you like a second chance to convert them into a sale? How would you get them back? It is no use to pursue email marketing or shopping cart recovery. A Retargeting Campaign is the answer! With Ako Retargeting Campaign your product offerings appear on the Facebook and Instagram timeline of those prospects who showed interest in your product catalog. Using advanced technology, we can track what products they are interested in and turn them into customers by timely remarketing! Ads performance is not a black box anymore. You can see the updated and transparent data from Facebook Ads Manager directly, and know where your budget goes clearly. And, of course, you can easily check it on our real time dashboard without leaving your Shopify panel. With different Ad formats (carousel and collection/canvas), you can easily attract audience's attention and hugely enhance ad performance. Facebook, Instagram, or Messenger? Mobile Feeds, Marketplace, Right Column, or Audience Network? You can choose the ones work the best for you. Do you have the products that you don't want to promote or that you want to focus on during the peak seasons? You can exclude or add them in our app to manage your spending wisely. It's as easy as setting a product collection on Shopify panel. You can create various combination of different products, Ad formats, and Ad placements to do A/B testing and maximize your ROI. We apply the the best practices like excluding customers who have purchased on your website within a certain period of time from your retargeting audience to reach the highest ROI. You can target those who have expressed interest in products that similar to yours. No, no coding skill required. Just a few clicks and you are all set! Can I pause the campaign, adjust the budget or update the Ad content? Do I need to prepaid a certain amount before I create the campaign? No, just pay for your Ads campaign AFTER it works well. Sounds great? Take advantage of our 14 day FREE trial and get started right now! If you just launched a store (daily website visitors < 50), you could try our starter plan for 2-months free with $3 daily ad spend limit. Excellent and responsive customer support. I contacted the support team regarding the plans and billing, they responded fast and very friendly. Recommended! Where do I start. Downloaded this app on the 1-12-18 by the 10-12-18 I've had 34 add to carts and 18 sales. I was doing it all wrong by using clever ads for Google. This app is definitely the answer. As spend is £60 so far as I don't have much of budget yet but if they keep bringing in sales like that I'm going to have more and more budget really quick. If you are new store I highly recommend this app. It brings visitors that are actually interested in your products and actively retargets them and brings them back which make the purchase. You'll need some testing but once you've found your best items push, push them with this app. Don't bother with ads with Google I'd scale from Facebook it's easier and seems to work really well. The best return on investment ever! We had ads running for only 2 days and have a 3000% ROI! No joke. We were skeptical at first but figured we would try it out and very happy with the results. Very easy to set up.

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Franchise Sports Tallahassee FSU Football FSU Basketball FSU Baseball FAMU Basketball FAMU Baseball TCC Basketball TCC Baseball Amos P. Godby FAMU DRS Florida State University HS Maclay North Florida Christian Rickards Franchise Sports Category Archives: TCC Baseball College, Tallahassee Community College, TCC Baseball TCC to take on Chipola College April 11, 2018 Jacob Wicinski Leave a comment Jacob Wicinski, Correspondent (JacobWicinskiFS on Twitter) TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Tallahassee Community College Eagles will play Chipola College on the road on Monday, as well as at home on Wednesday. The Eagles will look to maintain their success, as they have gone on a six-game winning streak, as well as an 8-2 record over their last 10 games. TCC is 31-14 so far this season, while going 9-7 in conference play, and 21-10 at home. They are 10-4 on the road. A reason for this success is the team's batting. They have a .303 batting average as a team this season. Cole Vann, a sophomore outfielder, is a major contributor. He leads the team in home runs (six), slugging percentage (.583), doubles (12) and hits (47). Vann is also second in on-base percentage (.503) and RBI (34). The team's pitching has helped as well, though they have a 4.12 ERA. Jake Kinney, a sophomore relief pitcher for the Eagles, has helped with a team-low 1.21 ERA. Kinney also leads the team in strikeouts per nine innings (16.38), saves (5) and appearances (19). The Eagles' pitching has improved as the year has gone on. In the month of February, the Eagles gave up 145 hits, 77 earned runs and accumulated a 4.94 ERA in only 16 games. However, in March, they only gave up 120 hits, 56 earned runs as well as having a 3.61 ERA, despite playing in four more games. After the Eagles play Chipola, they will finish the season playing three two-game series against Gulf Coast State College, Pensacola State College and Northwest Florida State College. College, FAMU Baseball, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee Community College, TCC Baseball Eagles beat Rattlers in Preseason Tune-Up November 1, 2017 Royal A. Shepherd Leave a comment Chrystal Fernandes, Correspondent (@CFernadesFS on Twitter) TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Florida A&M University baseball team (FAMU) took on the Tallahassee Community College Eagles (TCC) in their annual exhibition game to start off the season. With very few mistakes from the players, the Rattlers took a 4-0 lead. "We had to keep going, and not think about it," TCC's Kyle Bensen said. In the next two innings, both teams had difficulty scoring due to all the mistakes being made. At the top of the third inning, the Eagles scored five runs to take the lead. At the top of the fifth inning, Bensen hit a two-run homerun, giving the Eagles a lead of 7-4. "It was a great feeling," Bensen said. The Rattlers struggled to get a good hit off the bat or to catch any balls hit from the Eagles the rest of the way. The Eagles added another run to seal the game. With a final score of 8-4, the Eagles took home a win giving them motivation for what this new season has in store. TCC Baseball Disappoints In Conference Opener March 8, 2017 Max Fay Leave a comment Max Fay, Editor in Chief (@Max_Fay on Twitter) TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net)–Tallahassee Community College got off on the wrong foot, then couldn't put one foot in front of the other. The Eagles (15-11) fell behind early and never could make it a ballgame, getting thrashed 16-5 by Chipola (20-4) in their first conference game of the season. Starting pitcher Brooks Buckler lasted only 1.2 innings, giving up seven earned runs on five hits and three walks. The lone bright spot for TCC was Cole Vann, who homered to straight away center field, and then came on to pitch in the sixth inning, recording a pair strikeouts. Max Fay | Franchise Sports Tallahassee "It was a bad start," TCC head coach Mike McLeod said. "We made some mistakes on the mound and out in the field early. We walked guys and gave up a lot of hits, and that is a recipe not very conducive to winning a baseball game. The lack of defensive really took us out of the game." Continue reading TCC Baseball Disappoints In Conference Opener → TCC Baseball Extend their Winning Streak to Seven Games March 4, 2017 Marcus Joseph Leave a comment Alex Krutchik, Correspondent (@AlexKrutchikFS on Twitter) TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Tallahassee Community College Eagles (13-10) defeated the East Georgia State Bobcats to extend 7-2 to extend their winning streak to seven games. TCC scored first when Myron Mebane drove home Tanner Thomas on a single to center. After starting the season 0-for-13, he's turned it around and is 4-for-11 in his last four games. This is the seventh straight game in which the Eagles have scored in the first inning. The Eagles scored a run in each of the first four innings. A single by Bryce Plummer brought home Jack Hartman in the second inning, and a sacrifice fly by Thomas allowed the second run of the inning to score. Nick Blasucci drove home Deyvid Silva in the third inning to give TCC a 4-0 lead. Already with a run on the board in the fifth inning, Silva knocked in two more runs to provide the Eagles with a 7-0 cushion. The Eagles didn't score the rest of the game, but their pitching staff took care of business. Starting pitcher Hunter Tinsley pitched four innings and gave up four hits and no earned runs. The only time he got in trouble was in the top of the fifth, when he gave up a walk to the first three batters of the inning. TCC Coach Mike McCleod pulled him and Jake Hunkiar came in relief. He retired the first two batters, and it appeared that he'd retire the third and get out of the jam. However, first baseman Blasucci couldn't field an errant throw by shortstop Silva to end the inning. The error allowed two runs to score. Silva made up for it on the very next play and got the final out of the sixth. Nick Marchese came in the seventh to closed out the next three innings for the Eagles. He retired seven of his first eight batters. Six of those batters were struck out. Over three innings, he gave up no hits, three walks, and struck out seven. TCC plays East Georgia State again on Saturday at 1:00, and Grand Rapids Community College at 6:00. TCC Baseball Coach Mike McCleod picked up his 900th career victory February 26, 2017 Marcus Joseph Leave a comment TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Tallahassee Community College Eagles used a six-run sixth inning to win and give head coach Mike McCleod his 900th career win as the Eagles (9-10) defeated the Chattahoochee Valley Pirates (Ala.) 11-6. All of coach Mike McCleod wins have come during his 27-year tenure at TCC. During his time as an Eagle, his teams have won five Panhandle Conference Championships, most recently in 2013. "I'm just very grateful that I've had the longevity to have associated with these young men," said McCloud, who was also an assistant under Florida State head coach Mike Martin from 1982-1990. "What it means to me is just remembering all the times." Both teams traded runs in the first. CVCC's Kurt Ornowski reached on an error and was later driven in by Carson Hughes. In the bottom of the inning, Jordan Curtis walked aboard and scored on a passed ball. Continue reading TCC Baseball Coach Mike McCleod picked up his 900th career victory → Eagles End Six-Game Losing Streak Alex Krutchik, Correspondent ( @AlexKrutchikFS on Twitter) TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Tallahassee Community College Eagles (8-10) got their first win in six games in a 9-6 victory against the Chattahoochee Valley Pirates (Ala.) TCC opened the scoring in the bottom of the first inning. Tanner Thomas (2-for-5) hit a single and stole a base to get himself into scoring position, and Cole Vann (2-for-4) drove him home for his first of three RBI for the game. Starting pitching for TCC was shaky once again. Nick Blasucci (3.0 IP, 4 H, 2 ER, 3 BB, 3 K) walked two batters and hit one to load the bases in the the second inning. That's when CVCC's Isaac Phillips drove him Jaylen Smith to tie the game at one. In the top of the third, CVCC strung together three hits to start the inning. A.J. Willoughby scored on a single by Brandon Hill, and Jayson Cook drove home Carson Hughes for the second run of the inning. Hill scored on the same play after a throwing error by Deyvid Silva. Continue reading Eagles End Six-Game Losing Streak → Chatt Valley Defeats Eagles Friday to take Series Opener TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – A four run second inning wasn't enough for the Tallahassee Community College Eagles (7-10), as they fell to the NJCAA No. 6 Chattahoochee Valley Pirates (Ala.), 9-6. After the Pirates scored three runs in the first two innings, Deyvid Silva and Tucker Rayburn started got walked to begin the bottom of the second, and Chris Clark was hit by a pitch. Silva scored on a wild pitch by Chandler Newman for the Eagles' first run of the game. Haughton got hit by a pitch to make the bases loaded once again, and Jack Hartman showed his patience by forcing another walk, driving in Rayburn in the process. Newman was pulled after facing five batters in the inning, walking three and hitting two. The Eagles were able to get one more run off of new pitcher Charles Crosby when Tanner Thomas hit into a fielder's choice and drove Clark home. The Eagles notched one more run in the fourth when Josh Nothdorft drove home Haughton. The 5-3 lead would be the Eagles' largest of the night. Eagle starting pitcher Brooks Buckler (6.0 IP, 3 ER, 5 H, 3 K, 4 BB) had his shakiest outing of the season against a Chattahoochee team that came into the game with a .337 batting average. He settled down after the second inning, giving up only one hit between the third and fifth innings. However, things started to unravel in the sixth for him and TCC. MJ Rookard was hit by a pitch and advanced to sacrifice bunt. Brandon Hill hit a routine fly ball to left field, but a botched catch allowed Rookard to score, and Hill to reach second. Jayson Cook singled to left and got Hill to third. TCC got Isaac Phillips to ground out, and Hartman made a phenomenal play to throw Cook trying to make it from first to third. However, before the play was complete, they allowed Hill to score, tying the game at five apiece. The Eagles scored once more in the bottom of the sixth, thanks to a single by Curtis to drive home Hartman. Alex Stobert came on to pitch in the seventh for the Eagles, but didn't last long. He faced four batters, and gave up three hits and three runs. He picked up his first loss of the season. With the 9-6 loss, the Eagles have lost five straight, and 10 of their last 12. They continue their three-game weekend series against the Pirates Saturday Feb. 25 at 2 p.m. TCC Baseball Loses 3rd straight game, this time to No. 2 Santa Fe Saints February 7, 2017 Marcus Joseph Leave a comment The Tallahassee Community College baseball team dropped its third straight game on Monday in a 3-1 loss to the NJCAA No. 8/Region 8 No. 2 Santa Fe Saints. Both teams were locked in a pitching battle early on. Going into the bottom of the fifth inning, neither team had given up a run or a hit. That all changed when TCC's Chris Hawkins delivered a single off of Santa Fe pitcher Kyle Morton. However Morton kept the shutout going until Deyvid Silva drove home a run in the sixth. That would be TCC's only run of the game. The Santa Fe bullpen combined for three innings, striking out three and giving up no runs. Tallahassee pitcher Brooks Buckler came out of the gates looking like he was ready to throw another gem. Coming into the game, he has pitched eight straight innings without giving up a run. He carried a no-hitter into the sixth, but after a single, wild pitch, and a sacrifice fly, the Saints scored twice in the inning. In the next inning, Santa Fe's Stephen Smith reached base on an error by TCC second baseman Josh Nothdorft. Smith then stole second base and later scored on a throwing error by Chris Clark. Santa Fe only had three hits, but reached base through six walks and two batters hit by a pitch. TCC committed three errors. This is the third straight loss for TCC after starting the season 5-0. They will play again on Wednesday against Florida State College at Jacksonville. RECAP: Eagles beat Hawks, 12-4, To Improve to 5-0 TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – The Tallahassee Community College Eagles baseball team defeated the South Georgia State Hawks in a 12-4 blowout Wednesday afternoon. Reigning NJCAA Region 8 pitcher of the week Brooks Buckler had a short, but effective outing. In three innings, he gave up two hits and zero runs. He's on an eight inning scoreless streak to start the season. The Eagles first got on the board with a three-run homer by Aaron Haughton in the bottom of the first. Coming into the game, he was 4-for-8. TCC manager Mike McCleod is impressed with his start to the season. "I was very pleased with Haughton and how much he's got going at the plate right now," said McCloud. "He's hitting the ball very hard and that home run he hit was a bullet." Casey Cribb would later hit a home run of his own. It was a two-run shot in the third inning to give the Eagles a 6-0 lead. He went 2-for-3 and drove in two runs. The Eagles notched two more runs in the fourth inning. Jordan Curtis came in as a pinch hitter in the sixth inning and delivered a hard hit ball to left-center. He legged out a triple and drove in two runs. The Eagles added two more runs later in the inning. Octavio Marin came in to pitch with two runners on and two outs in the top of the fifth. He pitched two innings and got his first win of the season. Tallahassee Community College and South Georgia State will play again on Friday, Feb. 3 at 4 p.m. in Douglas, Ga. TCC Eagles Win Season Opener, 7-2 January 28, 2017 Marcus Joseph Leave a comment TALLAHASSEE, FLA., (www.franchisesportsonline.net) – It was a cold night in Tallahassee as the Tallahassee Community College Eagles cruised to a 7-2 victory over the Pasco-Hernando State Conquistadors. TCC starting pitcher Brooks Buckler made sure the Conquistador's bats were cold too. Through five innings, he gave up no hits and no walks. He also struck out four. Offensively, it was hard for the Eagles to get going early on. Lead-off hitter Bret Maxwell got on base in the first inning, but was caught stealing. In the bottom of the second inning, Casey Cribb and Tucker Rayburn got on base with no outs. Jack Hartman hit the ball right at Pasco-Hernando pitcher Tyler Beck, who then bobbled the ball. That allowed Cribb and Rayburn to advance, but Hartman mistakenly started running towards second base after the bobble. And, was thrown out when trying to get back to first base. Myron Mebane flied out, and Jordan Curtis struck out. Suddenly, the rally was over. The Eagles turned it around in the third. Chris Clark started the inning with a triple, and would later score on a wild pitch. The Eagles scored three more times in the inning, with runs scored by Deyvid Silva, Casey Cribb, and Tucker Rayburn. Jack Hartman scored for the Eagles in the fifth. Then two runs by Clark and Maxwell gave the Eagles all the insurance they needed. Although the Eagles won easily, manager Mike McLeod said the offense should've capitalized more on their opportunities. "We swung at a lot of air tonight when we had guys in scoring position. We got to learn how to put the ball in play," said McLeod, who is in his 27th year as TCC's manager. "When we got the other team down, we gotta kick them, and we've gotta keep them down. We had many opportunities to really drive home the final nail and we never did. We kept them in the game." In the top of the sixth, Pasco-Hernando got on the board when first baseman Alex Reynolds drove home Tyree Austin on a single to shallow left. The next inning, left fielder Jose Oliva smashed a ball over the left field fence for a solo home run. Christian Dearman finished the last 2.1 innings for the Eagles. He gave up no runs, and struck out three. The two teams will play a doubleheader on Jan. 28. The first game starts at 1:00 p.m Franchise Sports is a local student-media organization covering Tallahassee sports. Our goal is to provide a platform for aspiring journalists to break into the field, and at the same time, provide news for the Tallahassee community. Franchise Sports Archives Franchise Sports Archives Select Month June 2019 February 2019 January 2019 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 Access Franchise Sports Lastest Sports News FSU Baseball Rallies in Seventh to Steal Game One Against LSU Former 'Noles Find Life in the AAF Interview: Getting To Know TCC Interim Head Coach Zach Settembre Rickards Wins Big Against 5 Star Cardet and 'Canes TCC FALLS SHORT TO RAIDERS View FranchiseSports's profile on Facebook View franchisesport's profile on Twitter View TheFranchiseSports's profile on YouTube Franchise Sports was formed for the purpose of keeping sports fans informed about sports in their area. Franchise Sports Vision Statement We aspire to be the best information source for providing Tallahassee players, fans, coaches and the general public with the latest sports news. We plan to carry on with our mission; broadcasting a sport's driven show until sports is no longer in existence. Our cast will be amongst the best in the Journalism field. They will be recognized for their hard work and as being employees for a show that has been built from a school publication to a commercial television production. Also, Franchise Sports will be sure to transfer its knowledge to those students that have an interest in sports journalism. Franchise Sports will be a community leader and a household name with a respectable and credible reputation.

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1. Field services. Western Electrical Services has 27 NETA-certified technicians to provide testing services to the highest safety and reliability standards. The work experience, education, and training of our NETA technicians ensures they are current with new technologies and have the knowledge to test a wide variety of power systems. 2. Equipment sales and service. Circuit Breaker Sales Co., Inc., provides new, surplus, obsolete, and remanufactured electrical equipment and replacement parts from the largest inventory in the U.S. CBS Northeast and Circuit Breaker Sales & Repair carry a vast inventory of parts and also specialize in the repair, remanufacture, upgrade, and life extension of power distribution equipment. Meanwhile, CBS Nuclear specializes in shop and field servicing of Class 1E safety-related switchgear and circuit breakers. We are the Gulf Coast's #1 service shop for low- and medium-voltage circuit breaker repair, remanufacture, upgrade and life extension services. Replacement parts are our specialty and we also sell circuit breakers, switchgear and other power distribution equipment. 3. Special component suppliers. Need a specialty part? Solid State Exchange & Repair Co. repairs, replaces, and tests electronic devices for a broad range of circuit breakers. Vacuum Interrupters, Inc., (VI) offers bottle replacements for all types of breakers and contactors. 4. Engineered solutions. Group CBS affiliate companies provide a number of specially engineered solutions. VI boasts the vacuum interrupter test set, instrument transformer tester, and circuit breaker timer, along with our HVLab, a high-voltage laboratory equipped with specialized test equipment and measuring instrumentation to evaluate and certify low- and medium-voltage electrical equipment. For arc-flash protection, CBS ArcSafe is your one-stop shop, with hundreds of remote racking and remote switch actuator solutions. Like NETA and PowerTest, Group CBS has matured in its offerings to accommodate a wide variety of customers with electrical testing, equipment, specialty components, and engineered solutions. Contact us for your next project.

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Enterfear è il ventiduesimo album in studio del rapper statunitense Tech N9ne, pubblicato nel 2020. Tracce Collegamenti esterni

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Filed under: Searches, Drug Testing. Location: Washington. The Court of Appeals for the State of Washington has held that pretrial conditions for release on personal recognize that require a defendant to undergo an alcohol evaluation, comply with any recommended treatment and attend three weekly self-help meetings were not authorized by court rule and violated the United States and Washington Constitutions. Robert Butler was charged with a DUI after he rear-ended a King County Sheriff's vehicle. A test revealed that Butler had a blood alcohol reading of .20. When released on his own recognizance, the state district court imposed the above conditions for Butler to remain on release pending trial. A superior court denied Butler's habeas petition challenging the conditions, but entered an order prohibiting the state from using any statements he might make during the evaluation against him. The appellate court found that the pre-release conditions amounted to post-conviction penalties that might be imposed on a probationer. The Court stated such requirements "could involve serious restrictions on [Butler's] constitutional rights." Specifically, the Court found the conditions were "direct commands" that constrained Butler's right to autonomous decision making, his right against self-incrimination and his right to confidentiality. When Butler tried to comply with the evaluation condition under the protection order, the evaluator terminated the interview and complained to the district court that Butler would not cooperate. The Court of Appeal cited this as a clear violation of Butler's right against self-incrimination, as the counselor wanted him to discuss the crime he was accused of committing before he went to trial. The conditions were vacated as not permitted by law. See: Butler v. Kato, 137 Wash.App. 515, 154 P.3d 259 (Wash.App. Div. 1, 2007). Butler v. Kato 137 Wash.App. 515, (Wash.App. Div. 1, 2007) New York OIG Report Reveals 1,600 State Prisoners Punished Over Faulty Drug Tests, Aug. 1, 2022. False Charges (Disciplinary Hearings), Drug Testing. Unreliable Drug Tests Standard for Law Enforcement and Prisons, Dec. 1, 2021. Drug Testing, junk science. Massachusetts Department of Corrections Sued Over Use of "Fake" Drug Tests on Legal Mail, Nov. 1, 2021. Jail Misconduct, Drug Testing, Class Notice, Mail. San Francisco Forensic Analyst's Arrest on Drug Charges Exposes Flawed Lab, Feb. 15, 2021. Drug Testing, Crime Labs, junk science. Seventh Circuit Rejects Retaliation Claim Based on Suspicious Timing Alone, Oct. 4, 2020. Retaliation, Searches, Failure to Protect (General), First Amendment, rights. New Fingerprint Test Can Distinguish Whether Person Ingested Cocaine or Only Touched It, April 15, 2020. Drug Testing. NY State Prisons Finally Stop Using Faulty Drug Testing Equipment; Class Action Lawsuit Filed by Victims, April 1, 2020. Contractor Misconduct, Drug Testing. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court: When Exit Order is Unlawful, Evidence Obtained from Subsequent Search Must be Suppressed, Feb. 18, 2020. Searches. California Court of Appeal: Electronics Searching Condition Struck in Mandatory Supervision Case, Feb. 18, 2020. Searches. First Circuit Vacates Conviction Because Sister had Neither Actual nor Apparent Authority to Consent to Search of Brother's Bags, Jan. 21, 2020. Searches, Fourth Amendment, rights.

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BioMarin Pharmaceutical inc (BMRN) Q3 2021 Earnings Call Transcript BMRN earnings call for the period ending September 30, 2021. Oct 28, 2021 at 12:01AM BioMarin Pharmaceutical inc (NASDAQ:BMRN) Oct 27, 2021, 4:30 p.m. ET Welcome to BioMarin's Third Quarter 2021 Financial Results Conference Call. Hosting the conference call today from BioMarin is Traci McCarty, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Traci. Traci McCarty -- Vice President of Investor Relations Thank you, Grace. Thank you, everyone, for joining us today. To remind you, this nonconfidential presentation contains forward-looking statements about the business prospects of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., including expectations regarding BioMarin's financial performance, commercial products and potential future products in different areas of therapeutic research and development. Results may differ materially depending on the progress of BioMarin's product programs, actions of regulatory authorities, availability of capital, future actions in the pharmaceutical market and developments by competitors and those factors detailed in BioMarin's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, such as 10-Q, 10-K and 8-K reports. On the call today from BioMarin management are J.J. Bienaime, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Jeff Ajer, Executive Vice President, Chief Commercial Officer; Hank Fuchs, President, Worldwide Research and Development; Greg Guyer, Executive Vice President, Chief Technical Officer; and Brian Mueller, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer. We hope to keep this call to an hour, so respectfully request that you limit yourself to one question during the Q&A portion of the call. Thank you so much. I will now turn the call over to BioMarin's Chairman and CEO, J.J. Bienaime. Jean-Jacques Bienaime -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Thank you, Traci, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for -- all for joining us today. BioMarin's commercial organization is excited to be launching our seventh commercial product, following the August approval in Europe of VOXZOGO for the treatment of achondroplasia for children ages two years and up. I would say that the level of initial prescription demand for patients seeking VOXZOGO treatment in Europe has exceeded our expectations. VOXZOGO revenues this year will come from France and Germany, where there are a number of children already on therapy as well as a number of select early access countries in Europe, Middle East and Africa and actually also Latin America. As the first and only approved medicine that targets the underlying cause of achondroplasia and improves bone growth in children, we are very pleased with the early indicators of product demand. In the U.S., we are in late-stage labeling and post marketing-requirement discussions with the FDA. So we remain encouraged about the potential positive FDA PDUFA action outcome in less than a month now. Adding the U.S. approval would pave the way for our largest global product launch to date and set the stage for significant revenue growth starting in 2022. Turning to 2021 financials, it is important to understand the dynamics of our global business to appreciate the underlying strength. Despite the impact from anticipated uneven ordering in the first half of the year as compared to what is expected in the second half of the year, we are pleased to be improving full year top and bottom line guidance. And this despite Kuvan having faced generic competition since the fourth quarter of last year, we actually -- despite this, we anticipate generating full year '21 revenues, mostly in line with our 2020 revenues, which illustrates the strength of our base business. This is a result of underlying growth in net product revenues from products marketed by BioMarin, excluding Kuvan, and also continued expense management. The number of patients treated with BioMarin therapies has increased this quarter for all our products, other than the Kuvan, of course, and has reached record levels. We expect revenues to rebound in the fourth quarter as compared to the third quarter so as to end up with a strong finish in 2021. With the addition of VOXZOGO in Europe and the anticipated U.S. approval, we expect a significant step-up in revenues beginning next year in 2022, leading to anticipated sustainable positive GAAP income for full year starting next year. We will provide full year 2022 guidance as usual during our fourth quarter quarterly call on -- next February. Suffice it to say that our strategy to layer on VOXZOGO and potentially ROCTAVIAN to our strong base business, leveraging our global infrastructure and manufacturing capabilities to drive meaningful profitability, is rolling out as planned. In support of that plan, cash flows from operating activities increased to nearly $300 million year-to-date and are driving the expansion of BioMarin's earlier-stage pipeline. With six early stage products on the agenda for our upcoming R&D Day, we expect to initiate clinical trials for multiple new products over the coming years. Harnessing genetic technologies to speed our discovery capabilities has resulted in an exponential growth in our preclinical assets, and we are very excited to share our progress with you on November 30. So the past 18 months have been challenging for many reasons, the global pandemic, regulatory setbacks, et cetera, but we have remained focused on our mission and goals. BioMarin has never been better positioned to achieve the next level of growth, and we plan to capitalize on the many opportunities that are before us. I want to thank our BioMarin colleagues and associates for their continued commitment to developing the essential medicines that help so many. So thank you all for your continued support. I will now turn the call over to Jeff to discuss the commercial business update. Jeff? Jeffrey Robert Ajer -- Executive Vice President, Chief Commercial Officer Thank you, J.J. I'm very pleased with the team's performance across all brands and all regions during the quarter. Not only are we improving top line guidance for the year, but we are at the start of launching, what, maybe our biggest brand to date, VOXZOGO. As J.J. already described, the impact of large unevenly timed orders for our enzyme replacement therapy brands in the first half of the year as well as the U.S. loss of the Kuvan market exclusivity a year ago was notable in the third quarter. Despite those dynamics, we achieved $409 million in total revenues, reflecting solid demand in the third quarter and year-over-year growth in net product revenues marketed by BioMarin, excluding Kuvan. Q3 revenues were consistent with our expectations around order timing and the balance between first half and second half revenues communicated previously. Keep in mind, patient demand remains a key indicator to gauge product demand. For both Naglazyme and Vimizim, patient numbers increased by more than 10%, respectively, year-over-year. For Brineura, in the third quarter, children on therapy increased by more than 20% year-over-year. Moving to Palynziq, where 32% year-over-year growth translated to $61 million in net product revenues in the third quarter, reflecting a combination of revenues for more patients achieving maintenance-dosing as well as new patients initiating therapy. This growth was achieved despite continued COVID impact, resulting in many PKU clinics operating at partial capacity. Consistent with our commentary last quarter, it is important to note that PKU clinics in the U.S. have not opened up to new patient starts at the rate we anticipated. As expected, the U.S. was the main contributor of growth in the quarter driven by U.S. patient increases of approximately 20% year-over-year. While we remain optimistic about the growth prospects for Palynziq for the balance of the year, we expect U.S. PKU clinics to increase new patient starts at a slower pace than originally anticipated. The commercial launch of Palynziq and BioMarin's Europe, Middle East and Africa region continues to progress through individual country-level pricing and reimbursement negotiations. Continuing with the PKU franchise, Kuvan contributed $68 million in revenue in the third quarter, reflecting incremental erosion to generics in the U.S. Revenues decreased by 45% year-over-year primarily due to the U.S. loss of market exclusivity in October 2020 as anticipated. Moving on to VOXZOGO, our newest commercial opportunity and likely the largest launch to date, we have been very pleased with the level of prescription demand for patients seeking VOXZOGO treatment since receiving European approval in August. A reminder that, in Europe, price and reimbursement processes are the primary gates to being able to treat patients and generate revenue, and these processes can be lengthy. Therefore, for revenue purposes, we are focused on the set of markets where we can quickly begin treating patients and generating revenues. These markets include France, Germany and a number of other markets in which we are pursuing named patient sales. Importantly, we are seeing robust prescription demand already and we are optimistic about the prospects of being able to convert that demand to patient treatment and revenue. The small revenue recorded for Q3 was from France and for the first patients there starting treatment. Already in Q4, additional patients have started therapy in France, and we have shipped VOXZOGO to Germany and Switzerland to begin treating patients in these markets. Concurrent with the EMEA launch, our U.S. commercial team is planning for the potential launch at the end of the year, assuming a positive PDUFA action outcome in November. As has been our experience with prior launches in the U.S., we do have the ability to quickly respond to prescription demand following approval. While U.S. payers are numerous and diverse, we have experienced navigating the medical exception process to facilitate early prescription demand while we work through the process yielding payer coverage policies. As with the launch of previous BioMarin brands in the U.S., this experienced team is in place and prepared for a potential approval. We look forward to providing full year VOXZOGO guidance for 2022 when we report fourth quarter results next February. We would also like to set expectations for quarterly metrics that we will report on for the next six quarters. For the quarter being reported, we will report net VOXZOGO product revenues, active markets with sales, the total number of commercial patients at the end of the quarter and other color on the progress of the launch that will help you evaluate the commercial status of VOXZOGO and inform your expectations. In conclusion, results in 2021 for our established brands are tracking to expectations for the improved top line guidance provided today, raising the low end of the total revenue guidance by $30 million as well as the low end of the ranges for Vimizim, Kuvan and Palynziq. Demand for our essential medicines in the 75 countries where we do business is robust and growing. The commercial team is energized to be launching our newest and potentially largest product opportunity with VOXZOGO in the EMEA region, and we are eagerly preparing for the potential launch in the United States, should we receive approval in November. Thank you for your attention. And I will now turn the call over to Hank to provide an R&D update. Hank? Henry J. Fuchs -- President of Worldwide Research & Development Thanks, Jeff. Similarly, the research and development organization echoes your enthusiasm for the European approval of VOXZOGO. Families have been waiting for a long time for a treatment option for their children, and we believe the targeted mechanism of VOXZOGO, which promotes endochondral bone growth during the time period when growth plates are open can have a meaningful and potentially lifelong impact on children with achondroplasia. We're so pleased that this important medicine is now available in Europe. And we look forward to hearing real-world treatment experiences as families access VOXZOGO over the coming months and years. The European approval of VOXZOGO for children ages two and up further demonstrates the importance of beginning treatment as early as possible to provide maximum clinical benefit while growth plates are amenable to treatment. We look forward to the readout of our 52-week placebo-controlled study in children, newborn through five years of age, around the middle of next year as the next potential step toward expanding access to VOXZOGO, should those data be supportive. In the United States, we look forward to the PDUFA target action date of next month. We believe the robust dossier of data under review provides clear signals of clinical benefit from VOXZOGO treatment. I also want to take the opportunity for everyone -- to thank everyone who contributed to this important milestone on behalf of families seeking a treatment option for achondroplasia. Thank you very much. Briefly, on ROCTAVIAN. Regulatory milestones are tracking to plan. At the end of November of 2021, we'll reach the two-year mark for the Phase III study and the two-year follow-up observation period. We continue to expect the submission of the U.S. biologic application for ROCTAVIAN in the second quarter of 2022, assuming supportive tier data, followed by an expected 6-month review procedure for the United States. In Europe, with the marketing authorization application validated and under review, we continue to expect CHMP opinion in the first half of next year, assuming supportive tier data, which will be shared with the EMA when it is available. We remain confident in ROCTAVIAN's potential to be an important treatment option for those with severe hemophilia A based on the clinical evidence observed to date, demonstrating dramatic reductions in bleeding rates, Factor VIII utilization and Factor VIII infusions following treatment. Turning to BMN 307 therapy -- gene therapy for phenylketonuria, following the clinical hold place on that Phase I/II study by the Food and Drug Administration, we have now received communication from the agency with guidance on next steps. We are in the process of addressing the agency's request for additional information. So we do not have an update on when the hold might be lifted. The hold on our PKU gene therapy study was based on recently identified safety findings from a nonclinical, non-GLP pharmacology study in immunodeficient mice. As scientists striving to serve patients' needs, we're committed to understanding these findings. As we have shared previously, and it was corroborated during the FDA panel discussion on AAV safety in September, it remains uncertain and in our view, unlikely that these specific findings with BMN 307 will translate to a safety issue with this or other AAV gene therapy treatments. We are working through the process with the FDA, and we'll keep you posted as we have relevant updates. Turning to our R&D Day event now planned for November 30. We look forward to sharing new data and new program updates with you. The R&D organization has hit its stride in melding our own internal discovery capabilities with genetic tools to understand underlying mechanisms of disease in order to develop targeted medicines. We're excited to share these advances with you in greater detail and describe the many assets under development in the early stage pipeline. We hope you will all tune in. Thank you so much for your support. And I'll now turn the call over to Brian to update the financial results in the quarter. Brian? Brian R. Mueller -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer Thank you, Hank. Please refer to today's press release summarizing our financial results for full details on the third quarter of 2021. As usual, our comprehensive report on the quarter will be available in our upcoming Form 10-Q, which we're on track to file over the next few days. As J.J. and Jeff mentioned, the previously anticipated order timing in 2021 has created a meaningfully uneven revenue flow between the first and second halves of the year. To illustrate the impact of select individual country order timing on Q3 2021, last quarter, Q2 2021, there was approximately $90 million more revenue, excluding Kuvan, from Brazil, Russia and the Middle East that did not recur in the third quarter, substantially accounting for the quarter over prior quarter total revenue fluctuation. Importantly, however, as Jeff mentioned, the key underlying business driver of patient demand continues to increase for all of our products, again except Kuvan in the United States. Based on these timing dynamics, we anticipate to emphasize our full year guidance as the best metrics to measure our top line financial performance. To that point, the strong start in the first half of the year drove a previous upward revision of full year 2021 revenue guidance back in July, including Vimizim and Palynziq as well as improved GAAP and non-GAAP bottom line guidance. And we're pleased to announce today that we are again improving total revenue guidance, including both Vimizim and Palynziq, by lowering -- by raising the lower end of our guidance for the full year 2021. As noted by J.J., despite the impact of a full year of Kuvan generic competition in the United States and a continued COVID-19 impact on our growth, total revenue for 2021 is expected to be mostly in line with total revenues in 2020, which is better than our expectations at the beginning of this year. Moving to operating expenses. R&D expense for the third quarter was $158 million, which was $11 million higher than the R&D expense of $147 million for the third quarter of 2020, which reflects increases in our early stage research and development. Based on our R&D expense trends through Q3 '21 and expectations for the fourth quarter, we're lowering the range for R&D expense guidance by $10 million for the full year. Next, with respect to SG&A expense, Q3 2021 SG&A totaled $183 million, which was essentially flat compared to the third quarter of 2020. As we are launching VOXZOGO in the EMEA region and preparing for the launch in the United States, SG&A expenses in 2021 are weighted toward the fourth quarter of the year. Turning to bottom line results. We reported a GAAP net loss of $37 million in the third quarter of 2021 compared to GAAP net income of $785 million in the third quarter of 2020. Please recall that GAAP net income in the third quarter of last year included a large tax benefit totaling $835 million related to the transfer of certain intellectual property rights between BioMarin entities which drove the significant level of GAAP net income last year. Non-GAAP income of $34 million in the third quarter of 2021 was lower than non-GAAP income of $99 million in Q3 2020 primarily due to the lower revenue this quarter as a result of the previously discussed timing. We're very pleased with the company's GAAP and non-GAAP bottom line performance through the first three quarters of 2021. And based on our expectations for the fourth quarter, we have improved full year GAAP and non-GAAP bottom line guidance. We've reduced the full year 2021 GAAP net loss guidance to between $85 million and $45 million and have increased non-GAAP income guidance to between $215 million and $255 million, representing an increase of $20 million at the midpoint of the range. That substantial level of non-GAAP income helped generate a continued increase in our total cash and investment as we ended the third quarter of 2021 with $1.55 billion compared to $1.35 billion at the end of 2020. We set a goal of generating positive operating cash flow in 2021, and the business has delivered nearly $300 million of positive operating cash flow year-to-date. One brief comment is that the previously discussed timing of revenue and expenses in 2021 also impacts our cash flows, which we observe are also weighted to the first half of the year. This solid cash position, coupled with our strong operating performance through the first three quarters of 2021 is a strong foundation from which to look forward to the continued European launch of VOXZOGO, the potential U.S. launch at the end of the year and potentially ROCTAVIAN next year. And the progress of our early stage pipeline that is leveraging the same R&D organization that developed our portfolio of now seven approved products and two large market late-stage programs is an exciting next chapter in BioMarin's potential future growth story. Thank you for your support, and we will now open up the call to your questions. Operator? [Operator Instructions] And speakers, our first question from Cory Kasimov of JPMorgan. You may now ask your question. Cory William Kasimov -- JPMorgan -- Analyst Great. Thanks. Good afternoon, guys. Thanks for taking the question. So the VOXZOGO label in Europe is obviously pretty broad, covering patients as young as two years old. I'm wondering if there's any pushback from either an early access of view or physician comfort in potentially treating patients under five. And do you have expectations for the FDA label to be equally broad if approved, of course. Thank you. Jeff, do you want to answer the first part of the question, and Hank, the second part? Yes, happy to. So one, we're really happy with the broad and open label, as you described it, including for patients two years and up in Europe. And we believe that, in Europe, the endorsement of CHMP on safe and effective use for ages two years and up is a powerful statement to both payers and prescribers. It's too early for us to provide specific color in Europe, but we're not anticipating a pushback from payers or prescribers on two- to five-year-old patients. And maybe I would turn it over to Hank for the second part of the question. Yes. Cory, as you know, there's no direct connection between the FDA and the EMA, and they tend to operate independently. We're really encouraged that the EMA understood the context of the condition and were scientifically rigorous in consideration of the label. And I would encourage you to come to R&D Day, where we're going to share some of that information. Obviously, we're hopeful that the FDA will be similarly influenced. But as you know, the FDA is a little bit more conservative. And so we'll just have to sort of muscle through the next month to see where it lands. Okay, great. Thanks guys. And speakers, our next question from Phil Nadeau of Cowen & Company. You may ask your question. Phil Nadeau -- Cowen & Company -- Analyst Good afternoon. Thanks for taking m question. Another one on VOXZOGO. Perhaps one of the more controversial aspects of VOXZOGO was the language that was in the FDA acceptance letter discussing the need for 2-year placebo-controlled data. Now that you're in late-stage living negotiations. Could you give us some information or some idea of how the FDA reviewers have dealt with the advisory committees commentary around two-year placebo-controlled data and whether it's safe for us to assume that since your labeling discussions that won't be necessary for approval of VOXZOGO this time around? Yes. Thanks, Phil, for the question. We're really in the throes of it. So I can't really give you too much of the exact sausage-making of discussion. But what I would say is that we've been fairly transparent from the get-go, as you just reminded, about where the FDA was. And at the time, and I would continue to say, that the agencies -- the U.S. agency's focus is on -- or interest, I should say, is on durability. And we've provided them what amounts to a two-year placebo-controlled study. It's a little bit unorthodox in its design, but it's essentially two years' worth of data. And we supplemented that with fibers of open-label treatment data in comparison to some pretty good natural history sources of data. So we feel pretty good about the durability of the effect on linear growth. I think a related question is going to be is, in a sort of a one- or a two-year growth, does that constitute substantial evidence of a clinical benefit? Or is that a benefit that's reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit? And there, I would just say that you should be aware that in the growth field, that in the case of growth hormone administration to nongrowth hormone-deficient disorders, a lot of the language has been around final adult height. And this suggests to us that the FDA is also very concerned about final adult height. So I think their decision-making about durability is going to be related to ultimately not the two-year sort of story, but what does this say about what can be expected from final adult height. All of this, I think, will come to some form of resolution in the next few weeks. So stay tuned. Perfect. That's very helpful. Thanks again for taking our question. And our next question speakers from Chris Raymond of Piper Sandler. Christopher Joseph Raymond -- Piper Sandler -- Analyst I wonder if I could ask maybe a pipeline question on specifically 307. So, Hank, I'm wondering if you can comment on what kind -- I know you said it sounds like you've met with FDA and you don't have a sense as to when the clinical hold will be lifted. But can you comment on what additional experiments or analysis, maybe the agencies requested? And is this something that could be addressed in the near-term? Or is this maybe longer-term experiments. And maybe can you share what you did provide to the FDA when you met with them. I think you were going to meet with them this month to give -- you felt might give comfort on the -- this was an issue related only to mice. And then if I could just add maybe a quick VOXZOGO question. I'm not sure if you're willing to answer this, but patients that have started in Europe, what's the average age? Thanks. I will take the first part of your question, Chris, while Jeff plots the second part of your question. Chris, it's just meeting with the FDA, we've had correspondence with them, they're busy. It's hard to get meetings with the agency nowadays. And it was a pretty sort of tactical correspondence because what happened was we observed the finding and felt duty-bound to report it. It turned out that we were in a dose evaluation period from the second cohort of patients. We've discussed that. And so we were not enrolling patients at that moment anyway. So we were transparent with the agency about this preclinical finding as soon as we found it. And as a consequence, they've not really seen all that much yet, but what they asked for of us is relatively straightforward and can be wrapped up in a package. And they were pretty comprehensive in the kinds of things that they ask for, including how is this going to reflect an informed consent and protocol minutes and things like that. So they -- it's obvious that they've seen these sorts of things before and they have a pretty prescribed list of the types of questions and considerations. I think to put this in a bigger perspective, and it goes back to your -- I think it's your question about the FDA's Advisory Committee meeting. The thing that struck a lot of us about that was when the presentation came to insertional oncogenesis, the presentation was divided into what did we know after 2016 and what do we know from 2017 and beyond. And I think the relevance of that is that the agency subsequently approved, subsequent to 2016, they approved LUXTURNA and they approved Zolgensma, Zolgensma importantly for IV administration, and importantly, a lot of the vector goes to the liver. And in spite of the fact that insertional oncogenesis was -- or insertions were described in mice, the agency has approved a drug, Zolgensma, and in fact, over 3,000 patients have been treated with gene therapy in clinical trials, 1,400 patients have been treated with Zolgensma. And so the agency -- I think what that says is the agency is, on the one hand, aware of the preclinical experiments, but on the other hand, is thinking about that as a sort of not as a risk benefit issue because there's not -- a risk has not appeared yet, but it's a risk information for patients kind of an issue. In that discussion, I don't think that there was any real breakthrough in terms of what additional information to be providing. I think rather there was maybe a little more of a challenge in the scientific community to aspire to understand what's going on in mice. And to ask the question is there any vulnerability for that to go on in humans given that we haven't seen insertional oncogenesis in humans to date. We fully expect to see insertion of the --, but whether that's within cancers, that is a speculation at this point. So I think the field has been dealing with this issue for quite a while. I do think that there are more experiments to do. And that won't directly answer the question of how does this translate to humans in terms of predicting a risk of oncogenicity in humans. But rather, I would see more delineating technical details about how these experiments should be done and interpreted and give us comfort. And to that point, I just want to highlight one specific aspect of findings. And you're probably all aware of a study in dogs that found clonal abundance of a specific set of mutations. And they postulated that there is a cause and effect relationship between the fact that a lot of cells had the indicated insertion, and that there's this insertion and a lot of cells had this indicated insertion. However, the thing I think to keep in mind, and we see this in our 307 study, is not every cell in the sample has that characteristic. And so it raises the question of whether these findings are, in fact, causal in mice or passengers in mice. And I think that we have a better idea about the answer to that question. We're not even going to get on first base in terms of understanding the relevance to humans. So we are in the front row of all of this because we have a lot going on in gene therapy, and our scientists are awesome at teasing. And we look forward to providing the agency could get us restarted on the 307 trial shortly. And now, let me pass it to Jeff to see if Jeff can handle your question about VOXZOGO. Thanks, Hank. I'm still digesting all that you had to say. But with respect to VOXZOGO, and Chris, with the implementation of GDPR privacy regulations in the EU, we don't have the same very specific data about our individual patients that we might historically have had. So I'm kind of rounding around to your question. As we get some data about product usage by vial strength, we'll be able to make estimates of the size and thus the age of the mix of patients that we've got on treatment. We don't have enough data yet to work through that. What I might say is the early patient -- earliest patients treated are coming from France under an ATU early access program there. That ATU was approved separately or in parallel with the EMA negotiations that led to the label of two years and up. So interesting enough, the ATU label indication is for patients five years and up. And so, in France, the early experience is with patients in the range of, let's say, five to nine or 10 years old. And we'll keep you posted with that kind of color going forward as we get more data to evaluate. Thanks, guys. And Speakers, our next question from Salveen Richter of Goldman Sachs. You may ask your question. Salveen Jaswal Richter -- Goldman Sachs Group -- Analyst Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my question. On VOXZOGO, again, you talked about the strong demand. Can you just give us some color there how we should think about not just France, but Germany and the select early access countries in 4Q? And how the launch so far has exceeded expectations? Hi, Salveen. Thanks for the question. It's really a pleasure to answer this one. And some of the color that I would add here, it's specifically from France and Germany, I would characterize as this. In previous launches, we've had patients come in generally one patient at a time, one patient from clinic A, one patient from clinic B, a little while later, another patient from clinic C, maybe sometime later, a second patient from clinic A. What we're seeing this time around is we're still seeing some prescriptions emerge from individual clinics with a patient, N-of-one, but we're also seeing Ns-of-four, Ns-of-five, coming straight through at once. And we've never really experienced that, and that gives us -- that drives our comment about the strength of prescription demand in part, so those patients coming through in clusters. In addition, there's been a lot of prescription demand that has emerged from named patient sales markets. I mentioned that we have sales to Switzerland, which, by the way, is not an EMA market. So Switzerland is not covered by an EMA approval, and it is thus a named patient outside of registration market. We've seen initial prescription demand from markets in the Middle East, as J.J. mentioned, and also in Latin America. And we've seen Ns larger than one in that experience. So the combination of quick named patient sales, prescription demand from markets and the clusters of groups of patients, not one or two, that's really driving our comment about prescription demand. However, Salveen, the -- I mean, obviously, the dollar sales in Q4 are going to be relatively limited compared to the demand that's needed out there because the patients treated would only have been treated for like one or two months. So -- but this is really -- it bodes well for 2022 and the significant growth in revenues in 2022. There is definitely a lot of interest. An interesting anecdote is that we got a notice from the Russian Federation government that we got on the -- the federal reimbursement for VOXZOGO in Russia when we have not even filed. It's kind of an interesting anecdote. Okay. Next question? And speakers, our next question from Akash Tewari of Jeffries. You may now ask your question. Akash Tewari -- Jefferies -- Analyst Hey. Thanks so much. So one on vosoritide, can you talk a bit about the use of sentinels for vosoritide in the 206 study. How are they being used to kind of adjust the dosing for the younger patients? And what have you seen from a safety perspective so far in that population? And this one is a bit more high level. The stock has been range bound for the last few years despite the fact that you guys are approaching your largest, most important commercial launches, is there a point in time where you would more seriously explore strategic venues to unlock value, particularly if either ROCTAVIAN or vosoritide don't get FDA approval as planned? Thanks so much. Hi, Akash. I'll start with the first part of your question. The study was put in the field before the Phase III trial read out. So the comprehensive evidence on safety and efficacy in older children wasn't available at the time of the study. So in consultation with health authorities, the study was designed to enroll patients in three cohorts, ages two to five, or let's say, there was two to five -- or three cohorts by age, I think, off the top of my head. I'm having a brain melt in terms of ages, six to two months and 0 to six months. And the underlying reason for that was that there are hypotheses about differences in the dose exposure and exposure response relationships. And so the concept was to enroll sentinels to evaluate PK/PD and safety response to that 15-microgram per-kilo dose that we've been using in older children before then opening the rest of that cohort up to randomization, to active medication or placebo. And in the two- to five-year-old cohort, we found that the 15-microgram dose was an appropriate -- a dose that gave an appropriate exposure and an appropriate PD response. And we'll actually review those data in our R&D Day because that was the information that informed the European health authorities to move forward with the application. We only have a limited amount of efficacy data in those small number of patients because there was no contemporaneous control. And I think that what that tells us is that the two- to five-year-olds can be safely dosed with the same dose as children who are older than five. Now turning for the children who are under 2, we did find a dose exposure relationship such that we had to increase the dose. And off the top of my head, I think that we had to do that also for the infants that were enrolled in the study, from 0 to six months of age. And I think what that means is, is that we're actually benefited by having relatively a short-acting drug in the sense that short-acting drugs are easier to adjust and accommodate those with an exposure on the basis of response than very long-acting drugs, especially since -- although we did the trial from five to two to six months, humans age in the other normal direction, from six months to two years to five years. And so it's going to be important to have all this dose exposure safety information. From a safety perspective, with the relatively now well-described safety profile of VOXZOGO, we haven't really seen much additionally in terms of significant clinical adverse responses. And so I feel like we're in pretty good shape, understanding the relationship of dose and therapeutic and safety response, and you'll get a dose of -- you'll get your own dose of that in just under a month, or just over a month, I should say. Let me pause there. So I think you had a second part of your question. Akash that was totally different. It looks like you forgot about it. No, I mean, obviously, I mean, I think there was a recent survey. I don't know if it was you or another analyst, that like in the past few weeks, this last week or so, that 60% of investors apparently don't believe that VOXZOGO will be approved in the U.S. So I think that's good news, that if it's approved, that it should result in a significant move in the stock. And that event is only about three weeks away, so let's have that conversation again after the PDUFA date on VOXZOGO and then also potentially the European -- CHMP European in Q2 of next year. Our next question is from Gena Wang from Barclays. You may ask your question. Huidong Wang -- Barclays Bank -- Analyst Thank you for taking my questions. So the first is regarding Roctavian. Just wondering what is the latest FDA interaction regarding Roctavian filing, specifically on durability. And then related question is for the type of animal data or preclinical data that FDA is asking for the PKU program, do you expect FDA also will ask for similar type of data for ROCTAVIAN. Well, it's a little bit complicated, but let's see if I can cut to the chase of it. The -- in terms of FDA interaction, there really is no news there in terms of resetting or differing expectations. We said at the time of the CRL, they want two years' worth of data. And by gum and by golly, in spite of our trying really hard, they want two years' worth of data. We've had some lower-level communications and correspondence about things like statistical analyses, which reveal really nothing new other than that they want the two-year data. So we are interacting with the division. And the review division is very collegial and very much to the process of discussion. And based on what we've seen so far, we believe and we've had experts in to tell us what they think the FDA might not be telling us but might be conveying. And the experts have advised that this reads like a situation in which they ask for the two -year data, and they're going to make their decision on the basis of the two -year data. And that's good for us and for patients because we're optimistic that hemostatic efficacy will be maintained out through two years. So it was demonstrated in the first 17 patients that were treated in the Phase III clinical trials and have been followed for an additional second year, as we reported earlier this year. So we're confident that the remaining 100 or so patients will be adequately controlled from Factor VIII expression through the second year. The issue of durability in PKU is a little bit more difficult for the simple reason that in Factor VIII expression, you measure the actual transgene product itself, whereas within -- with PKU, you measure indirectly the gene therapy product. And we will want to see what the pattern of the control looks like before committing to a specific answer to that question. But based on preclinical data, where we have seen maintenance of gene expression, we believe that there's a stronger argument to be made around PKU and durability and one year supporting that than there was for ROCTAVIAN. Just recall, for ROCTAVIAN, because of the nature of the immune response in nonhuman primates, people don't typically do long-term studies. And when we surfaced the long-term studies that we did do and others have done, and not a lot of them, you can see the effect of the immune response in the lower species to the human protein. In PKU, we've been able to demonstrate sustained durability in preclinical species. So we hope that argument prevails upon the agency, but that discussion is yet to be had in sufficient detail with actual data from patients to inform. The good news of all of this is that unlike with ROCTAVIAN, where we change the material from Phase I to Phase III and we made a tweak to the trial in the steroid regimen, none of those things are happening in the 307 trial. So these earliest patients will provide relevant information for long-term exposure. Sorry, Hank, I wasn't clear. I was referring, for the PKU program, was more the safety data that FDA was asking, for additional preclinical data or anymore -- like whatever data the FDA is asking. Do you expect they also will ask a similar type of data set to support safety for the ROCTAVIAN program? So far, they have not been requiring preclinical carcinogenicity studies. I mean if you look at the Zolgensma label, there are no oncogenicity studies either in the -- prior to submission studies or post-approval studies. So don't expect additional studies to be required from a safety perspective prior to submissions and approvals. But again, those are discussions to be had as well. And our next question is from the line of Paul Matteis of Stifel. You may ask your question. Paul Andrew Matteis -- Stifel -- Analyst Okay. Thanks for taking the questions. Hank, if I heard you correctly, when you talked about the issue of the two-year placebo-controlled study earlier, it sounded as though you feel like at this point in the review, this is a matter of either full approval or potentially accelerated approval. I guess, did I understand that right? And if it is ultimately deemed that this is an accelerated approval, how do you think benefit would be confirmed? Do you think you'd need to do a two-year placebo-controlled study as a post-marketing requirement? Thanks so much. Well, the approval pathway is specifically the agency's decision, specifically is a tail end of the consideration decision. So I don't want to read too much into anything other than, just what I was characterizing with the landscape issue, was that in the landscape of growth-promoting products, from an FDA perspective, final adult height is more of a question than interval growth velocities have been a question. If it were to come to pass that a confirmatory study would be required, we would hope that longer-term follow-up of the patients that we have studied already could constitute the nexus or the main, as I should say, the main group for evaluation. We have provided the agency -- as you know, we had, I think, five-plus years of treatment data on the first patients treated in open-label. Several of them are close to final adult height. And the agency seems interested in those patterns, but for patients, there's not a lot of patients for them. So we're hopeful that whether it's a post-approval commitment, to a conditional, to an accelerated approval, or whether it's a post-marketing requirement for even a full approval, that final adult height characterizations will come in when they come in and will be powerful to document the accumulated benefit of VOXZOGO. So on some level, Paul, we're indifferent because we can have them anyway. Got it. Thanks a lot. And speakers, our next question from the line of Geoff Meacham of Bank of America. You may ask your question. Geoffrey Christopher Meacham -- BofA Securities -- Analyst Hey, guys. Thanks for the question. I just had a couple of the main one. You guys have talked in the past about PKU clinics still not fully reopened just on the commercial business. Just wanted to maybe get an update on that? Have you started to see a recovery in PALYNZIQ new starts that would be kind of helpful and maybe how you think that's going to play out in 2022. And then bigger picture for J.J., I mean, on the BD side of things, how are you thinking about new opportunities in light of what could potentially be a little bit more scrutiny on AAV technology. Is it is there something that you're looking for in terms of asset diversity by indication or technology diversity? Or how are you thinking about that going forward? Thank you. Jeff, you want to go over the PKU clinic and the Palynziq new start question? Sure. I would be happy to. So as I noted in our remarks, both this quarter and the previous quarter, what we're seeing is, in Europe, but more importantly, in the U.S., PKU clinics are continuing to operate at less than full capacity. Of course, in the U.S., there's 125 PKU clinics. So there's some variability across there, but there's a lot of clinics that are operating virtually, not live. There are staffing issues in PKU clinics as certain supporting staff, in particular, have been reassigned during the pandemic. And frankly, for the genetics clinics, while PKU usually is the largest group of patients that they're treating, there are acute needs for patients in those genetics clinics. And we've seen those acute needs for really terrible conditions for children, our first in line for priority for their capacity. Having said that, we are getting new patient referrals on a steady basis. I would say, steady through the pandemic, and we're drawing the conclusion that if we've been optimistic about PKU clinics getting back to their previous pre-pandemic capacity, it hasn't happened, and we've been working on other tactical solutions that facilitate PKU patients to continue access to therapy and for new patients to start. And I think what we're trying to do is reset a little bit of expectations here that while we were optimistic at the beginning of the year, we're less optimistic about that capacity for the balance of the year now, but we're continuing to see overall growth. And then I might just comment as kind of a read-through to what do we think about that for VOXZOGO. In fact, other healthcare providers that we call on, such as pediatric orthopedists and pediatric endocrinologists, both of which are really relevant to VOXZOGO, for the most part, and with restrictions and protocols in place, those specialties are -- they're back in business. So the kind of capacity constraints we're seeing in the PKU clinics, I would say, don't let that read through to your expectations about VOXZOGO. And J.J., maybe you can... So -- sorry, regarding your BD question. So I mean, that's a good question. I just want to -- a few comments. As you know, we have several, what we call, modalities within BioMarin. We started as a company mainly based on protein therapeutics. Kuvan, being a small molecule, was an exception. So -- and if you look at our pipeline today, we have additional protein therapeutics. We have small molecules. We are moving into oligo or we are about to get back in the clinic with a second-generation oligonucleotide, and we have some options there beyond DMD. And so we are always going to go beyond one modality. So I would say, gene therapy is very important for us and will continue to be in the future. But we have no intent on being a pure gene therapy company. And if you will see at R&D Day, when we're going to disclose some new programs and talk about all the programs we have in development, besides ROCTAVIAN and PKU gene therapy and -- therapy, which is about to start, the only new program in terms of gene therapy is potentially in the preclinical right now, but will be in the clinic in about 1.5 years, two years, is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. So -- but we have many, many other programs that are not gene therapy programs. So -- and that will continue to be the case. At the same time, we are not -- we are far from giving up on gene therapy. And I guess, we're not the only company doing so. We still believe it's got major potential. And I mean, this kind of reminds me, I don't know, I am losing track of time, maybe 20, 25 or 30 years ago, when some of the first patients treated with monoclonal antibodies died. And I would say, somewhat based on that, I would say, that's the end of monoclonal antibodies, we shouldn't go forward with this. That would have been a huge mistake, considering that, I don't know, the aggregate sales of monoclonal antibodies today is over $100 billion a year. So here we are at the beginning of the adventure with gene therapy. We're learning a lot. I think we -- as Hank was illustrating, we continue to learn a lot. We believe we are ahead of most other gene therapy companies in this respect, in our understanding of what happens in the cells after the gene insertion and what leads to expression durability, inflammatory response or immune response. So we believe we can design better and better gene constructs. We're also going to look at retreatment. You'll hear about it a little bit at R&D Day. We're going to look at nonviral gene therapy opportunities. So this is basically the framework of what drives our internal research and what drives the kind of stuff we're looking at outside in terms of BD. I hope that answers your question. And maybe Hank can give his perspective here too, in the middle of this. Well, I think -- I just think that the genetic and genomic revolution is unearthing so many opportunities, and it just really creates a target-rich environment. I mean I'm always stunned. We have this Behind the Seizure program for screening children who have essentially unexplained epilepsy. And so we find CLN2 patients who are indicated for Brineura treatment. But we also find increasingly numbers of mutations that then get associated with pedigrees because we're starting -- because Invitae is starting to accumulate large-enough family trees, that they can start to identify things that have genetic etiologies, where it used to be like, well, this sort of runs in families, but now there's actually concrete evidence and it's actually concretely linked to specific genes with specific annotation of medical history. So it's really an amazing time to be where we are and to be able to leverage the diverse technology base that we've invested in. We can do small molecules, proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, complex nucleic acid mixtures. So it's really a nice coming together of the fundamental thing about BioMarin in terms of our orientation of research and science and the therapeutic opportunities that are presenting itself. So that also is a way of saying that we've been successful in academic and early partnerships, and for the time being, I think that that's where we are. So one more comment then -- sorry, one more comment indirectly related to this. As you know, and I'm not going to disclose any data here, but we -- but R&D Day, we're going to give you our first update on the clinical trial going on with VOXZOGO or vosoritide in indications beyond achondroplasia, which could open up a major additional opportunity for VOXZOGO. So I would only recommend you attend that part of the R&D Day presentations. And our next question from Kennen MacKay from RBC Capital Markets. You may ask your question. Kennen B. MacKay -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst Squeezing me in. Hank, maybe going back to some of the prior questions with concern that the safety concerns on BMN 307 might read through to Roctavian. Maybe can you address the levels of adenoviral adeno-associated viral integration that's seen in the vector used in Roctavian versus that of what we see in BMN-307? Thank you. It's not really facile to do head-to-head kinds of things. But in general, the levels of integration that can be found across species are relatively low. And so I don't think that there's really a meaningful likelihood that ROCTAVIAN is necessarily any more or any less integrating than anything else. You know that the agency in their 2020 -- early 2020 guidance on gene therapy referred to AAVs as vectors that have a low propensity to integration unless they are designed otherwise to integrate. And quite to the contrary, we designed our -- we did not add any in design to integrate. Matter of fact, we moved things that could be suspected of facilitating integration. So we've been fairly deliberate to stay on the low propensity integration side and believe that that's likely to be true for all our vectors. And as you know, we've done longer-term studies for both the HAE vector already and for a vector that is otherwise identical to ROCTAVIAN other than its coding sequence. So we feel pretty good about the lack of read-through from one vector to another. In fact, we feel pretty good about the lack of read-through from mice to other species. Yeah. Thank you. And speakers, there are no further questions at this time. You may now continue JJ Bienaime for the closing comments. Yes. So thank you again for joining us today. So we are -- I hope we convinced you we are poised for significant growth next year, as I just described. That's based on our foundational base business on the VOXZOGO launch in the EMEA region and anticipated in the U.S. next month, also the ROCTAVIAN gene therapy potential -- potentially layered on top of that in mid- to late 2022 as well as deep early stage pipeline that we look forward to sharing with you in -- on November 30 during our virtual R&D Day. So we are focused on continuing this strong momentum as we achieve our next important catalysts, including the potential approval of VOXZOGO in the U.S. by the end of next month. So thank you for your attention today, and we look forward to speaking with you again soon. More BMRN analysis

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Is it possible that the US and other major global economies might not return to full employment and strong growth without the help of unconventional policy support? I raised that notion – the old idea of "secular stagnation" – recently in a talk hosted by the International Monetary Fund. My concern rests on a number of considerations. First, even though financial repair had largely taken place four years ago, recovery has only kept up with population growth and normal productivity growth in the US, and has been worse elsewhere in the industrial world. Second, manifestly unsustainable bubbles and loosening of credit standards during the middle of the past decade, along with very easy money, were sufficient to drive only moderate economic growth. Third, short-term interest rates are severely constrained by the zero lower bound: real rates may not be able to fall far enough to spur enough investment to lead to full employment. Fourth, in such situations falling wages and prices or lower-than-expected are likely to worsen performance by encouraging consumers and investors to delay spending, and to redistribute income and wealth from high-spending debtors to low-spending creditors. The implication of these thoughts is that the presumption that normal economic and policy conditions will return at some point cannot be maintained. Look at Japan, where gross domestic product today is less than two-thirds of what most observers predicted a generation ago, even though interest rates have been at zero for many years. It is worth emphasising that Japanese GDP disappointed less in the five years after the bubbles burst at the end of the 1980s than the US has since 2008. In America today, GDP is more than 10 per cent below what was predicted before the financial crisis. If secular stagnation concerns are relevant to our current economic situation, there are obviously profound policy implications (and I will address them in a subsequent column). But before turning to policy, there are two central issues regarding the secular stagnation thesis that have to be addressed. First, is not a growth acceleration in the works in the US and beyond? There are certainly grounds for optimism: note recent statistics, the strong stock markets and the end at last of sharp fiscal contraction. One should also recall that fears of secular stagnation were common at the end of the second world war and were proved wrong. Today, secular stagnation should be viewed as a contingency to be insured against – not a fate to which we ought to be resigned. Yet, it should be recalled that the achievement of escape velocity has been around the corner in consensus forecasts for several years and we have seen several false dawns – just as Japan did in the 1990s. More fundamentally, even if the economy accelerates next year, this provides no assurance that it is capable of sustained growth at normal real interest rates. Europe and Japan are forecast to have grown at levels well below the US. Across the industrial world, inflation is below target levels and shows no signs of picking up – suggesting a chronic demand shortfall. Second, why should the economy not return to normal after the effects of the financial crisis are worked off? Is there a basis for believing that equilibrium real interest rates have declined? There are many a priori reasons why the level of spending at any given set of interest rates is likely to have declined. Investment demand may have been reduced due to slower growth of the labour force and perhaps slower productivity growth. Consumption may be lower due to a sharp increase in the share of income held by the very wealthy and the rising share of income accruing to capital. Risk aversion has risen as a consequence of the crisis and as saving – by both states and consumers – has risen. The crisis increased the costs of financial intermediation and left major debt overhangs. Declines in the cost of durable goods, especially those associated with information technology, mean that the same level of saving purchases more capital every year. Lower inflation means any interest rate translates into a higher after-tax rate than it did when inflation rates were higher; logic is supported by evidence. For many years now indexed bond yields have been on a downward trend. Indeed, US real rates are substantially negative at a five year horizon. Some have suggested that a belief in secular stagnation implies the desirability of bubbles to support demand. This idea confuses prediction with recommendation. It is, of course, better to support demand by supporting productive investment or highly valued consumption than by artificially inflating bubbles. On the other hand, it is only rational to recognise that low interest rates raise asset values and drive investors to take greater risks, making bubbles more likely. So the risk of financial instability provides yet another reason why pre-empting structural stagnation is so profoundly important.

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RachelG, Author at How Do You Do It? Our garden has been in the ground for more than a month now, which gives me some fodder for a follow-up and more pretty pictures. Some of my original plants haven't thrived as well as I've hoped, so we've made a few updates and generally expanded. As I've been working in the dirt and using trial and error to make progress, I've had some time to think of more tips that I might want to pass along to others who might like to try gardening with their toddlers or preschoolers. So here are a few. Start small. My recent gardening has been largely limited to a flowerbed that has existed since before we even bought our house seven years ago. It had become overgrown the past several years, so I've been slowly digging the saplings and weeds out of the bed and expanding my planting space. The goal is not to grow so quickly that I can't maintain what I've done. And allowing my garden to expand as I clear the space gives me some motivation to keep up with the less interesting part of gardening. Give your kids a job. Last weekend, we went to the nursery and I assigned my kids to choose four plants each from the annuals table. It allowed them an opportunity to practice their counting and color-identifying skills, and they got to make choices about what we'd add to our garden. Then at home, they each had a trowel, and I had them dig holes for our new plants. Full disclosure: they lost interest long before everything was planted, but that gave me an opportunity to fix plant spacing and group things in ways that I found aesthetically appealing. Leave room for walking through your garden. Kids never use stepping stones. Ever. So leave them some room to step between plants. And as corollary: Don't worry too much if things get squished. Most plants will bounce back. Use what you have on hand. I've got several animal-shaped planters and pieces of yard art. It made a lot of sense to bring them all over to the kids' garden, where they could add a bit of whimsy. It's a good idea to consider a plan for your garden before you break ground. First, it might be helpful to choose a theme that appeals to you and your kids. You could choose edible plants, like herbs and veggies, to encourage your kids to try new flavors and eat more plant-based foods. You could decide on a garden full of plants that attract beautiful butterflies or hummingbirds. You could choose all the purple plants you can lay your hands on. In our case, the garden we've been working on is inspired by the sense of touch – plants with interesting textures, herbs that emit lovely smells when the leaves are rubbed, and generally anything that allows kids to get hands-on with the garden. You'll also need to think about the conditions of the area in which you're planting. We're working in an existing bed which happens to be located in a shady part of my yard. I've done some research to determine which plants with interesting textures would grow well in that environment in my region, and when I went shopping, I took a list with me. Herbs are great for a touch garden, but most herbs require lots of sun, so I had to adjust my list accordingly. Lamb's ear (Stachys byzantia) is a great choice, and one that I have experience growing. It has thick, velvety leaves and spreads into an attractive ground cover. It even has a pretty purple bloom! I also chose Mexican feather grass (Stipa tenuissima), which blooms feather-soft in the fall, globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa), which has a bright papery bloom, and a few mint plants, which give off a lovely smell and flavor when touched. (Note: mint is inclined to go wild under favorable conditions. I planted mine in a pot which I submerged in the ground to reduce those tendencies.) Leave a little room open in the budget for getting new ideas once you get to the nursery, and consider a few inexpensive annuals to fill out your garden with colorful blooms. Your kids can help you pick out some plants that they find interesting, as well – however, you'll want to be mindful not to buy anything overly toxic. This is often noted on the plant's information tag. Plants grow best in soil that has organic matter mixed in. The easiest way to achieve this is to dig your bed and mix the dirt with compost. Your children can help by using a scoop or a pot to pour compost onto the dirt as you turn it, or by using a trowel or small shovel to turn one corner of the bed. Once your dirt is prepared, you and your kids can dig holes for the new plants, pre-watering the holes, spreading the roots a bit as you pull them out of the pot, and depositing them in their new homes. Watering in the plants is also, not surprisingly, a very popular pastime in my garden. Fairies throw parties in our little garden every night after bedtime. If you have some space and are interested in adding a visual element to your garden, you might consider adding a fairy garden. I found a local nursery that sells inexpensive fairy furniture, but you and your kids can make your own fairy decorations, as well. Consider painting a rock or a pinecone and leaving it as art for your garden's faeries to enjoy! Place a marble in the ground as a gazing ball. If you have older kids, they might enjoy building and painting small wooden structures (like you might find at a craft store), or even making their own with twigs and bark. You're limited only by your imagination! Keep your plan a little flexible. Let your kids have as much control as is feasible over the placement of items in your new garden, even if it doesn't match your mental image. With my three year olds, their attention span runs low before the work runs out, so I can do a little bit of editing to their work, but this is a shared space for us, and I want the final product to reflect that. Ultimately, if you're gardening with kids, the final garden is secondary to the process of creating it. Quality time with my son. Before I had kids, it was hard for me to understand how or why parents would play favorites with their kids. My relationship with my future hypothetical kids was going to be one of mutual respect and lots of unconditional love. It's worth noting, perhaps, that my future hypothetical kids were good-natured, agreeable, and their thought processes aligned with mine remarkably well. When my actual babies were born, I was dismayed to find out that they weren't altogether agreeable, and that, especially with two babies, bonding wasn't an immediate, natural thing. This is part of twin parenting that I don't see mentioned often; I don't think it's unique to my experience. Parents of one baby have time to really get to know that baby, feel comfortable to varying extents with spending time alone with that baby, and are, I think, able to bond more quickly with that single baby thanks to that individual focus. With twins, I found myself constantly having to give each baby just enough so that I could meet the needs of both. It was harder for us to spend the quality time it took get to know one another and build our relationships with one another. Early on, I felt a very strong bond with my daughter, spunky and independent and favoring her mama in the looks department, but I had to work on my bond with my son. I had always envisioned having a daughter someday, and I felt like I knew what to do with girls. I wasn't entirely sure what to do with a boy. My son was needier in the early days; he really wanted to spend all his time with me, snuggled up to me or nursing, while my daughter was willing to be held and fed by someone else, and to an extent, I resented the time that I couldn't spend with my smiling, inquisitive daughter while I soothed my fussy, needy son. I worried a lot that my daughter would feel less loved or wouldn't bond as well with me because I spent more time with her brother. Likewise, I worried that my son wouldn't socialize as well because he was bonding only to his mama. I worried for his relationship with his father, that they'd never really become attached, that the way we were dividing most baby duties, assigning one parent to one baby, wasn't normal. Obviously, I'm a worrier – and post-partum hormones certainly accentuated that trait. Over time, I reconciled myself to the idea that the time I was spending with my son was time that he really needed, and that the idea of "equal time" was something that would have to work itself out in the long run. And all that time spent one-on-one with my son really did help me to bond with him over the first few months. My needy newborn son turned into a generally laid-back, chill little guy who loves his mama fiercely, and I feel a lot more secure in my role as his parent as we navigate the waters of toddlerhood. My daughter wound up being the baby who struggled more when they started daycare. I was surprised by that at the time; she was so much more social in home settings. But ultimately, she's an intense little thing who requires more time to adapt to new situations than my breezy little boy does. She builds stronger relationships with people, but it takes her longer to do it. And thanks to several mama-centric phases in her later infancy and toddlerhood, I'm fairly sure that the "time spent" scale is much more balanced between the two these days. Over time, I've come to find that bonding with my babies is a lot like falling in love. It doesn't always happen at first sight – though it can happen that way. Sometimes chemistry kicks in quickly, but sometimes, love starts with a friendship and blooms over time. I'm still surprised every day at how different our relationships are, and at how they change constantly. Siblings Without Rivalry is by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish, authors of How to Talk so Kids Will Listen and Listen so Kids Will Talk. If you missed my review of How to Talk… you can check it out here to get a sense of the prevailing philosophy behind these books. In a nutshell, Faber and Mazlish promote empathetic communication between parents and children and collaborative solutions to conflict. While Siblings Without Rivalry is NOT a book centered upon the unique challenges of raising multiples, its sibling-centric focus does make it very applicable to most parents of twins. The authors wrote it as a follow-up to How to Talk so Kids Will Listen and Listen so Kids Will Talk because they felt they had not had sufficient space to fully explore sibling conflict in the first book. The most important prevailing theme throughout Siblings Without Rivalry is that parents should acknowledge and respect children's feelings, particularly toward their siblings, without minimizing or sugar-coating them. If a child says, "I hate Owen! He always ruins my stuff," then rather than saying, "Be nice to your brother," a parent might say, "You really seem angry at your brother! You wish he'd take better care of your things." Allowing both children to express anger and validating their feelings can help them to work through the conflict on their own, increasing both their autonomy and their sense of belonging within their family. Rather than treating children equally, strive to treat them uniquely, according to their needs. Instead of focusing on doling out identical servings of food, ask, "Do you want a little bit of _________ or a lot?" Instead of saying, "I love you both the same," say, "I love you because you're you! No one could ever take your place." Give time according to need, as well. "I'm spending a lot of time helping your brother with his project right now. It's important to him. As soon as I'm finished, I want to hear what's important to you." And then tune in and engage with the other child. This idea really resonated strongly with me. I remember being aware that one of my children really "needed" me more when they were small babies, while the other was more independent and able to accept help from others. I felt guilty about that at the time, feeling that I had somehow neglected the more independent child or affected our bonding. Now, with the space of time, I'm aware of how my relationships with my children have evolved, and I worry less about how much time I've spent with each and more about the quality of the time I've spent with each. Set expectations about boundaries of conflict. If kids hit or use name calling, say something like: "You sound mad, but I expect you to talk to your brother without hitting or calling him names." And then provide some alternative strategies. "Rather than hitting, draw me a picture of how you feel." "Rather than hitting your brother, go hit this pillow." But note that insisting upon good feelings between children can lead to bad feelings or lingering resentment. Allowing bad feelings between children can help them to work through those feelings and have a more positive relationship in the long run. As with How to Talk so Kids Will Listen and Listen so Kids Will Talk, a few ideas in the book made me think, "Well, that sounds nice, but what do you do when THAT doesn't work?" In general, though, I found Faber and Mazlish's philosophies on how to treat and talk to siblings to be intuitive and thought-provoking. I was even able to (tactfully) suggest alternative ways to think about and talk to my twins to other family members. All in all, I found it to be a very interesting and helpful read, but as with any parenting book, one should approach it willing to apply what makes sense and ignore what doesn't. In the United States, 1 in 9 babies is born prematurely, 1 in 10 in Canada. Worldwide, over 15 million babies are born too soon each year. While not all multiples are born prematurely, a multiple birth increases the probability of an early delivery. Babies born prematurely, before 37 weeks gestation, are at a higher risk for health complications in infancy, some of which can have long-term effects. In honor of November's Prematurity Awareness Month, led by the March of Dimes, How Do You Do It? is focusing this week's posts on The Moms' experiences with premature deliveries, NICU stays, health complications, and how we've dealt with these complex issues. When we found out that I was carrying twins, my husband and I were both thrilled and terrified. I imagine this is a common response among expectant parents of multiples. On one hand, I was excited to be able to complete our family in one fell swoop, but on the other hand, I was keenly aware of the potential complications of a multiple pregnancy. In my own circle of friends, I know one mom who lost her twins prior to viability and I'm good friends with Sadia, whose girls arrived at 33 weeks and had to spend some time in the NICU. Meanwhile, I wasn't aware of many moms of twins who had managed to carry their babies to term. Between having suffered a prior pregnancy loss and the stress I felt over the possibility of serious pregnancy complications, I dealt with a lot of anxiety throughout my pregnancy, but especially in the early months. My worry led me to do a lot of research on twin pregnancy and to seek out supplemental care in addition to my normal prenatal care. It is important to note that while my outcome was a healthy pregnancy and two full-term babies, the supplemental care I received did not directly lead to those great results. I happen to have been one of the fortunate ones whose bodies handle a twin pregnancy relatively well. There was nothing I could do to guarantee a healthy pregnancy for myself and for my babies. My goal in seeking out more care was to try to detect and adjust for any major complications as soon as possible. As it turned out, my complications were all pretty minor, but some of the supplemental care I pursued could come in handy to other moms of multiples. I faced a conundrum when I was choosing an OB practice to visit during my pregnancy. On one hand, I wanted the best care for multiples that I could get. On the other hand, I was committed to giving birth to my twins in a well-equipped medical setting but with as few interventions as possible. To that end, I chose a practice that prides itself on a low rate of caesarian sections, but that has plenty of experience with twin births, as well. The standard of care is for each patient to visit with all the health care providers in the practice over the course of her pregnancy, and while my twins would ultimately be delivered by a doctor, much of my care early in the pregnancy was handled by certified nurse midwives. I was generally confident in the care I was receiving from my midwives, but it was important for my elevated anxiety levels to have medical twin experts keeping a closer eye on my pregnancy, as well. To that end, I did a great deal of research on twin pregnancies and discovered that the Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, TX, has a dedicated Program for Multiples. For the cost of an insurance copay and a tank of gas, I was able to receive a personalized assessment including a comprehensive ultrasound, genetic counseling, and, most important to me, individualized nutritional advice. As it turns out, my assessment indicated a clean bill of health for my fraternal twins and me at around 13 weeks of pregnancy. Had I been carrying identical twins showing signs of Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, the ultrasound could have detected it early, and I would have been referred for further treatment and, hopefully, a successful outcome. My pregnancy was otherwise fairly unremarkable until my blood pressure began to creep higher around 26 or 28 weeks. At that time, I was referred to a MFM doctor in town, who provided more supplemental sonogram to monitor the growth and development of my babies. Each ultrasound indicated that growth was steady and my babies were stable, but by 32 weeks, it became increasingly clear that they were locked in a breech position and didn't have much room to rotate head-down. Knowing that my chances of getting them to turn were small, and that my doctor could not deliver them vaginally if they were breech, I had time to mentally prepare myself for the possibility that I would need a c-section after all. At 36 weeks 6 days, an ultrasound indicated that growth had stalled, and my MFM and OB conferred and decided that my twins would be delivered the next day. My c-section was scheduled, and I was left with about 18 hours to wrap up my preparations and finish up the work I had planned to do before going on leave. The next day, my twins arrived, weighing 6 lbs 15 oz and 7 lbs 1 oz. They required no time in the NICU. James and Rebekah, 6 days old. Ultimately, beyond listening to our doctors' advice and taking care of our bodies during a twin pregnancy, we can do very little to control the outcome. According to the March of Dimes, 60% of twins are born prematurely. I was one of the fortunate 40% who managed to carry my pregnancy to term. But I feel it's important to share my story during Prematurity Awareness Week to let those expecting twins know that a successful pregnancy is possible, and that seeking out supplemental care early on could help you identify warning signs for complications and improve your chances of a healthy pregnancy.

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Q: typo3: some concerns on extension file ext_emconf.php In extension file:ext_emconf.php <?php $EM_CONF[$_EXTKEY] = array( 'title' => 'AJAX Search', 'description' => '', 'category' => 'plugin', ... According to the document here: http://typo3.org/documentation/document-library/core-documentation/doc_core_api/4.3.2/view/2/1/ I know it is for Definition of extension properties, but I still have questions on: * *for $EM_CONF, I guess it is for extension management configuration, but in which file, I can check how does EM use it? *for $_EXTKEY, I think it is the extension key, i.e. for above extension, ext key is ajax_search, so in which file, ajax_search assign to $_EXTKEY? such as: $_EXTKEY = ajax_search? A: * *What do you want to do? The values are normally read via $GLOBALS['TYPO3_CONF_VARS']['EXT']['extConf'][$_EXTKEY] after initialization. You can browse them using the backend module Admin Tools => Configuration, then select the correct array with the selectbox at the top. *Have a look in you typo3conf/temp_CACHED_*_ext_localconf.php file. The $_EXTKEY is set there. The extension list is iterated through and all config files are put together and cached this way. The $_EXTKEY variables are set during this process.

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It's Really All You Need To Get Started Today! ✅ 1000 Low Carb Recipes Book ($27.99 Value) – Find something yummy and low carb! ✅ 148 Low Carb Foods Shopping List ($9.99 Value) – Get the right groceries to be successful. ✅ 100 Low Carb Food Swaps Cheat Sheet ($4.99 Value) – Easy solutions for the average person. ✅ Keto Diet Check List ($4.99 Value) – A quick check list and getting started list. ✅ Eating Out Keto Book ($14.99 Value) – Use this to help stay in "ketosis" when eating out. ✅ 30 Day No Question Asked Trial – See if the Ketogenic Diet works for you and start burning fat today! 1000 Low Carb Recipes Book ($27.99 Value) – Find something yummy and low carb! 148 Low Carb Foods Shopping List ($9.99 Value) – Get the right groceries to be successful. 100 Low Carb Food Swaps Cheat Sheet ($4.99 Value) – Easy solutions for the average person. Keto Diet Check List ($4.99 Value) – A quick check list and getting started list. Eating Out Keto Book ($14.99 Value) – Use this to help stay in "ketosis" when eating out.

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Q: Placing boxes in diagram the optimal way (no crossing lines) I am doing an assignment where I have to draw a diagram on a web page with a number of boxes, some of which are to be connected by arrows. I have everything setup so that I'm able to draw the actual diagram, arrows and all but now I'm faced with the problem of placing the boxes in the optimal way. By this I mean laying out the page so that I have a minimum of lines crossing. I have to do two types of diagrams: One is a more hierarchical diagram where I know which box to place top left and where all boxes form a hierarchy. The other is more tricky where no box needs to have a specific place and the end result is not a hierarchy. In either scenario are there more than one connection between two boxes. It's pretty much the same as laying out an E/R diagram for a database in the most readable way. Does anyone know how to do this or where to find information about how to do this? Thanks in advance ./CJ A: Laying out an arbitrary graph with minimal crossings is an NP-hard problem, so you're left with finding a good heuristic. What comes to mind is this: * *Lay your items on the perimeter of a circle with their connecting edges. *Use simulated annealing to swap items, aiming to minimise the number of crossings. *Tidy up using, say, force directed layout. Another option would be to find a spanning tree, render that, then add in the back links. This may well produce more crossings than the simulated annealing approach, but it has the benefit of reusing the solution to the first part of your assignment. Best of luck!

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Hi David :wave: , I originally registered as Patricia :think: and then reregistered as Patricia2. We are soon 14 weeks...off to the Med on this cruise, does anyone know if any of the following can be done DIY ? ... OK M O B is Taormina any good for me in my scooter as most of the photos I have seen warn me against it. We went at about that time of year on Queen Victoria and had excellent weather after a bit of drizzle in Copenhagen. If you visit make sure you have your wits about you as anything seems to go traffic and pedestrian wise. Live cam of the main square in Bruges. Thanks for the replies,looking forward to visiting Seville. Had to cancel on the morning of the excursion last time due to illness. Just deciding what to do in Koper on our forthcoming cruise. Wondered if anyone has used the HOHO bus? Thank you. I'll do that. I looked on cruisett and cruise timetables but they weren't any help. I would guess there are many of you who, like me, have almost done Venice to death on cruise ship calls. What's good to do in Alicante (without going on a tour) ? Forgot, Elche just down the road (a bit) is fantastic and called 'The City of Palms' and you'll think you are in North Africa. Thank you, I've just had a quick look at the pictures - The island looks lovely. Anyone done this. What did you think and is it worth doing. Looking at a cruise that takes in this Island, aka Zante. Just booked our first cruise to the Canaries! Can anyone recommend trips for Ferrol, Agadir, Lanzarote, La Gomera & La Palma? Has anyone done any of the glacier trips in Iceland? Earlier this year while cruising the Western Mediterranean on Ventura we called at the port of Ajaccio . In may this year my wife and I visited Corfu while on board P&O's Ventura. Thank you for the post. Something to bare in mind if we visit. Loved the pictures. Nile Cruise: anyone done one? Has anyone here in done a Nile cruise?

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There are no comments for Jasna Gora. Click here to post the first comment. 55. VIRGIN OF JASNA GORA encaustic on wood. This image of a Black Madonna, Mary with a young Jesus, has a history which has encouraged the Polish people. The slash marks on her face were made by a sword. Pope John Paul II especially saw meaning in this symbol of perseverance in the face of the violence against the Polish people during the time of both the Nazis and Communist takeovers of their country.

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Located a 12-minute walk from Choma Museum & Craft Centre, Sako Lodge has accommodations in Choma. Bruce-Miller Private Game Farm is 14 miles from the lodge. When would you like to stay at Sako Lodge? House Rules Sako Lodge takes special requests – add in the next step! We need at least 5 reviews before we can calculate a review score. If you book and review your stay, you can help Sako Lodge meet this goal.

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It wasn't actually raining when I took photos of these Lycoris radiata, aka: red spider lilies, a few days ago but this morning we're receving a good, soaking rain. It actually poured heavily for an hour yesterday afternoon which helped in raising the water levels of the community pond we're on. Not only that, I'm sure the trees and vegetation are happy with a lovely dose of rainwater, someting we've had a meager amount of these last few months. We were in Beaumont last year at a nursery just outside of town when we found a box of these bulbs sitting off on the side of the storeroom of the nursery. Curious on what they were, we asked the guys running the store what they were and how much they were. They informed us that a woman had brought them in after her husband had died thinking the nursery might want to use them or sell them. I can't remember how many bulbs there were, maybe thirty, and they basically told us we could make an offer and they would sell the lot of them to us. I believe we offered $15 which is a bargain for these bulbs. After we came home with the bulbs we planted them around an oak tree that was later directly adjacent to the vegetable garden. Knowing they came up in early autumn, we've been waiting for them to sprout. It was only after a good rain a few weeks ago that a few began to send up the flower stalk and bloom. Definitely not all of them awoke from their slumber, probably because we didn't put enough compost down around the tree and keep the grass from around the tree, but maybe if we take better care of them this coming year they will do better for us next autumn. Then again, maybe with the soaking we're getting today more will sprout and bloom for us in the coming weeks. That's a really awesome story and result!!! Looks beautiful!

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How to schedule the DDMDB maintenance and optimization scripts. Sometimes user needs to schedule the DDMDB scripts instead of running it manually every time when the DDMDB size increases to a large amount. This can be done using the post_olb_script or using the Windows scheduler. Make sure you check the schedule logs to ensure that the configured scheduled task has run successfully or not. Note: CA Support is not responsible for any customization done by the client. Also make sure you stop the Archive Manager when you schedule the DDmDB Maintenance script.

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A dog wasn't sure how to handle his newfound fame, so he bit the reporter's mic. Network 10 Perth reporter Beau Pearson asked Border Collie Stanley how he was coping with fame. The dog replied with a bite on his mike and ran away with the sponge on it. Pearson who was left helpless, couldn't stop himself from laughing. Network 10 Perth then posted a video of the incident and jokingly said, "Hey @stanleythecollie, don't eat that mic foam! It's bad for your tummy! Stick to the tennis balls... @beaup35 #dogs #fetch #goodboy #nomnom #perthdogs #celebrity #mediatraining." Sharing pictures from the interview, Pearson took to Instagram saying, "A tail of two Stanley's. One handsome, well trained and an internet sensation. The other, just handsome." And Stanley too shared video his one-of-its-kind interview on Instagram saying, "Pearson Stanley is in need of some media training." Watch Funny Videos of Cute Puppies to Brighten Up Your Weekend. One of the comments on Stanley's post reads, "We loved Stanley before he was an internet sensation!! We saw his star potential from the start." Another Instagram user says, "Never put anything ball like in front of this boy. He just can't help himself!" Stanley regularly updates his Instagram pages with videos of his 'ball catching' practice. He often poses for the camera making his fans go awww. We wish Stanley greater success and hopes he becomes an international sesnsation.

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Suzanne Bates (MAC '99) joined our Student Life team in July 2013 as associate dean of students, with a special focus on our female students. She works closely with fellow Associate Dean Mark McElmurry, whose focus is on our male students. Suzanne also serves the Seminary as adjunct professor of practical theology (counseling) and has been a full-time staff counselor at New City Fellowship in St. Louis for 11 years.

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In the past two decades, fragment based drug discovery has emerged as a powerful method to discover and develop new drugs. Such strategy relies on the identification of low molecular weight compounds that bind weakly to a target. The structural information gained on fragment-target complexes provides an excellent starting point for the development of potent and selective drugs. Most screening efforts rely on a cascade of sensitive biophysical methods to isolate weaklybinding compounds. X-ray crystallography is also an excellent, and validated, fragment screening option. The method allows screening of all potential binding locations, including allosteric sites, at once while providing a direct structural feedback on hit-target complexes. However, screening a full library of compounds via crystallography is usually laborious, resource hungry and time consuming. Diamond Light Source, in collaboration with the Structure Genomics Consortium, has developed a streamlined X-ray fragment screening platform. To facilitate and parallelise soaking, compounds are transferred, through an acoustic liquid dispenser, directly to crystals grown in high throughput crystallisation plates. A motorised stage located under a microscope, and associated to a touch screen user interface, significantly speeds up the crystal harvesting step. Samples are then transferred to I04-1, a fully automated MX beamline, for rapid and unattended X-ray data collection. Benefitting from immediate access to the Diamond data processing pipelines, electron density maps can be readily analysed for the presence of bound ligands. By seamlessly integrating each step of the process, Diamond has tremendously accelerated the X-ray fragment screening approach, while reducing the experimental overheads. Hundreds of compounds are now routinely screened in a matter of days, with a rapid turnover between projects.

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Making News Experts slam fake 'anti-virus cards' Experts have warned that so-called anti-virus cards advertised online offer no protection against the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Associate Professor Tran Dac Phu, former head of General Department of Preventive Medicine under the health ministry, recently came out strongly against the cards and said no experts recommended using them. "This prevention method is not recommended by the health ministry and the national steering committee on COVID-19 prevention and control. Vietnamese health agencies have not received any official recommendation from infectious disease scientists, experts and international organisations on wearing the protectors to fight COVID-19," Phu, who is also a consultant of the health ministry's Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, told Vietnam News Agency. Online sellers have recently claimed the cards named 'Virus Shut Out' are imported from Japan and protect wearers from the coronavirus. The cards are advertised as being able to purify the air around the wearers within a radius of between one and two metres and can be used for two months. The advertisements suggest wearing the cards with a string around the neck, pinning them on personal items or hanging the cards on cars' mirrors, furniture or doorknobs. One card is priced from 150,000 VND (6 USD) to more than 1 million VND (43 USD). Associate Professor Phu said people should follow instructions of the health ministry about virus prevention and control. People are advised not to have close contact with those with symptoms of fever and coughing; wash hands with soaps many times a day; avoid using hands to touch eyes, nose and mouth; and not spit in public places. When coughing or sneezing, people must cover their mouth and nose with a tissue or a sleeve, throw the tissue in the bin after use and wash their hands. They are also advised to wear face masks in crowded places, on public transport or when coming in contact with people with symptoms; clean their houses regularly, especially surfaces of tables and chairs, handrails of stairs, and doorknobs. Supplements have also been advertised online to purportedly help users protect themselves against SARS-CoV-2. According to doctor Lai Thanh Ha, head of Medical Examination Department, Thanh Nhan Hospital in Hanoi, there is currently no vaccine or medicine for the virus. "People should not take supplements which are advertised on social networks as being able to cure COVID-19," she said. The Food Safety Department under the health ministry has issued a warning over supplement advertisements on websites which aim to defraud users or claim that the supplements can protect people from the virus. Associate Professor Nguyen Thanh Phong, head of the department, said supplements that help boost bodily immunity can reduce the risk of contracting diseases, but they are not used as medicine to treat illnesses. Many people have also rushed to buy vitamin C as it is thought to be the best protector against SARS-CoV-2. Doctor Ha said using too much vitamin C could lead to kidney stones and cause disorders in the digestive system. The best way to increase bodily resistance is to eat vegetables and fruits, drink water and maintain a nutritious diet, she said. Doctors also said food safety and partaking in physical exercise was important. VNS/VNP Internet Content Provider (ICP): Vietnam News Agency ISSN : 1606 - 027X | Publishing license 18/GP-BTTTT issued by the Ministry of Information and Communications on January 5, 2012 Publisher: Vietnam News Agency | Editor-In-Chief of VNP: Nguyễn Thắng Address: 79 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, HaNoi-Vietnam | Tel. (84-4) 3933 2303 | Fax:(84-4) 3933 2291 | Email: [email protected] Copyright © Vietnam Pictorial

{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }

286

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Skil-Care's Gel Spiral Maze focuses on teaching tactile development, hand-eye coordination and developing finger strength. The spiral gel maze, also, helps to teach anticipation and assists in dexterity. Each gel pad comes with a marble to push through the maze allowing for sensory stimulation. The gel maze can be used as a lap weight to allow the individual to fidget while focusing on the task at hand. An easy sensory solution for any classroom or at home therapy tool. The spiral gel maze comes in four bright colors of red, blue, yellow or green aiding in color recognition. Occupational Therapists and Special Education teachers love these gel mazes as they are multipurpose and can be easily wiped clean.

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Japan - McCormack is interested in the fact that Anderson had great success from the two film ventures in Japan and suggests that Anderson gives though to the establishment of a literal monopoly on films of the major events in the participation sports. McCormack points out that golf is exploding in Japan and also emphasizes tennis, skiing, and motor racing. Indonesia - McCormack writes on the advice of Edmond G. Brown concerning promoting golf in Indonesia and suggests a meeting in Honolulu prior to the Hawaiian Open Pro-Amateur. Suggesting Newsweek become involved with the Bay Hill Citrus Classic. McCormack outlines the proposed arrangement including entertainment tents, advertising space, identification on the scoreboard, participation in the pro-amateur, costs, and other details. McCormack feels that the first year of the Championship would involve the winners of the British tournaments and European tournaments, plus five at large invitations. The second year, the tournament should be expanded. McCormack lists an approximate breakdown for prize money. Spain - McCormack notes that Gary Player has become associated with Spain's luxury golf resort complex, LaManga Campo de Golf. He announces a 72-hole Pro-Amateur will be held there this year and feature ninety amateurs with thirty teams playing for prize money of $38,900. McCormack and Player would like Fortinberry to be one of the United States invitees to the tournament. McCormack notes that he has a completed version of the Ryder Cup film which he would like to screen for O'Reilly, as he feels it could be used as an excellent promotional vehicle for the 1975 matches at Laurel Valley. McCormack congratulates Anderson on his new responsibility and would like to discuss the possibility of doing a Rockwell International Pro-Amateur golf event. McCormack notes that the first Tournament Players Series golf tournament in the northwest was reasonably successful, but that in general has not been successful.

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WWE 2K18 is coming to the PC in October By Andy Chalk 25 September 2017 This will be the first time a WWE 2K game launches for PC and consoles on the same day. 2K Games has announced that the upcoming pro rasslin' game WWE 2K18 will be released for the PC on October 17, the same day as the PS4 and Xbox One editions of the game. That makes it the first game in the series to come out for the PC on the same day as the console releases. Previous WWE 2K games have made their way onto the PC, but it's always been after a delay. 2K15 came to the PC in April 2015 after the October 2014 console release, 2K16 arrived on PC in March 2016 after debuting on consoles in October 2015, and 2K17 kept up the pattern by coming to PC in February 2017, after first showing on consoles in October 2016. It's still possible for the console crowd to get a bit of a head start on PC players, as the four-day early access "perk" that comes with preorders of the Deluxe Edition isn't being offered on the PC. The Deluxe Edition includes the season pass (details of which will be announced "soon"), playable John Cena characters from ECW One Night Stand (2006) and Wrestlemania 26 (2010), and playable "John Cena rivals" Batista and Rob Van Dam. Preordering either edition will also net you two playable Kurt Angle personas: WWE "American Hero," and ECW "Wrestling Machine." Oddly enough, the announcement didn't come with any images of Angle, so here's Samoa Joe and some other guys. Andy Chalk Andy covers the day-to-day happenings in the big, wide world of PC gaming—the stuff we call "news." In his off hours, he wishes he had time to play the 80-hour RPGs and immersive sims he used to love so much. Best antivirus for PC gaming 2021 Best mouse pads for gaming in 2021 The best full-tower case in 2021 The best mid-tower case in 2021

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3,668

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Since my birthday was on a Saturday this year, I thought I should go away but not too far since it always snows. So I booked an overnight trip to Edinburgh and ended up getting the most glorious sunny weather! I stayed at Hotel Indigo and it was an absolute dream – look at my room! It had a wall made of books, lamps made of old typewriters and furniture made of old reference drawers. It's also perfectly situated opposite Waverley station and included more free snacks than I could eat by myself. Lots more pics on li.st after everyone went insane over it. I'm always in a rush when I visit during the day since off-peak tickets force me to cram everything into few hours so it was nice to have the time to wander about. I went up Calton Hill for the first time in years, which is always good for a pretty skyline photo. My dad was also in Edinburgh so that was extra nice and involved a lot of tapas and cake, plus some great exhibitions at the National Portrait Gallery. It's such a beautiful building. And of course, I had to pop into Hannah Zakari and spend some of my birthday money. The two Bel's Art World pins came home with me where I discovered more pins from Nicolette in my birthday presents. My pin frame is getting quite full now. More on my presents soon!

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What if it were possible for someone – say a woman – to possess an extremely rare gene that drastically reduced her rate of age-ing? That having reached her 50th year, she looked no older than a 25 year old? Isn't that the stuff of fantasy! Imagine the scramble among cosmetic companies and biochemists to try and obtain even a spit's worth of that person's DNA and then somehow creating a lotion which every woman in the world would kill to get hold of! No more botox, no more laser treatments, no more pins and tucks, just smear it on and enjoy extended youthful looks for decades. But, what if it came with a catch? An extremely frightening and inconceivably unbelievable one? Everything comes with a price. As they say, there's no such thing a as free lunch. Reblogged this on Writing as Therapy & Therapy for Writers. Thank you, Kate, for this great opportunity. I've had a lot of page views on my blog as a result. I'm so glad to work with all you awesome authors! I got a lot of page views and some new followers too. I've made it a policy to be sure to follow everyone who likes or comments (unless they are a company) and have connected with a lot of cool cats that way!

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Subaru Impreza 2.0i - Cloth upholstery. Subaru Impreza 2.0i Premium - Cloth upholstery. ‍Subaru Legacy 2.5i - Cloth upholstery. ‍Subaru Crosstrek 2.0i - Cloth upholstery. Subaru Forester 2.5i - Cloth upholstery, leather-free gear shift and steering wheel. Subaru Forester 2.5i Convenience - Cloth upholstery, leather-free gear shift and steering wheel. ‍Subaru Outback 2.5i - Cloth upholstery. ‍Subaru Ascent Standard - Cloth upholstery. At Subaru of America we are committed to the vitality of our people, to the health of our planet, and to enhancing the communities where we live and work. Our corporate responsibility efforts and philanthropic commitments address the issues our employees, customers and communities are passionate about and we strive to address these issues in ways that allow us to create positive change – within our operations and beyond our four walls.

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filmu Randki w ciemno (2006) - Danny jest młodym, przystojnym i pewnym siebie mężczyzną. Randki w ciemno blind dating 2016 online movie is pure human, and that's what i liked about it. see our gallery of films that earned four or more academy awards. In China, every year millions of youth leave their small villages for greater opportunities in the city. Contrasting China's urban and rural settings, the film follows her as she prepares to say goodbye to her life in the city and return home for a wedding she does not want to have. autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next.She is attracted to him, but is aware of her commitment to marry Arvind and feels it would be against the Hindu culture (where love is measured with loyalty, trust, respect, and commitment) to break off her engagement – especially when it seems that Danny may be able to see, reject her, and get involved with a much more attractive …If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware.Yet, despite quickly adopting to life in the big city, many still obey the strict customs that govern the small villages they grew up in, especially when it comes to marriage.Chun, who's been living in the Southern Chinese Metropolis of Guangzhou, has finally succumbed to the ancient tradition of blind dating - a process in which you're given 15 minutes to choose a husband or wife - and is just weeks away from her wedding. 1 is a small sea slug found off the northeast coast of Australia. They were quarantined due to the inclusion of "possible profanity" and requests had to be made for the IT Department to allow them to be sent. It should be noted that the Iranian cinema is one of the most exciting, interesting and original cinemas in the world. Lo's Las Vegas gigs during her "All I Have" residency at Planet Hollywood.

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Food poisoning is a worst ever condition which can begin anytime (usually an hour or few weeks) after consuming contaminated foods. Usually it got recovery after few days on its own. But elders, Infants and pregnant women should be careful in order How To Get Rid Of Food Poisoning due to their conditions and immune system which is more risky to food poisoning as compare to other . The 1st in order to get rid of food poisoning is to figure out the reason behind your condition. Which might be when you try something new or a friend of you shared something with you or food that taste lil bit change. In addition the understand the symptoms of food poisoning you have like vomiting or diarrhea which may help you whether you should consult to doctor in worst cases or it is mild case which will recover by its own or some self made practices. Call the doctor if your are facing one or all of these condition. The 1st practice you should do in order how to get rid of food poisoning is intake plenty of fluids. Which helps your body to clean from toxins you injected and maintain the level of fluids you lost while vomiting or diarrhea. If your fluids lost is unable to stop you should consult to doctor. in case you feel hungry you can go for brat food like banana, applesauce, rice and toast which will help your stomach calm . Remember dont eat too much at any case. Try home remedies listed below will help to cure food poisoning fast and easy. Drink plenty of water. While having food poisoning the main concern in dehydration. Because of vomiting and diarrhea we lost much fluid to recover that lost we need to concentrate on drinking water and other fluids. you can try other fluids too like Pedialyte easily available is good for any age. Adults can also take sports drinks. remember stay away from caffeine and alcohol which may cause you to urinate more. Which can lead you to dehydration. Basil oil in water or basil juice is also helpful to decrease dehydration. Cumen seeds brewed or straight both may help you. we hope that will be enough to clear the confusion about What To Drink When You Have Food Poisoning. The following remedies might be helpful in order to get rid of food poisoning stomach pains or stomach upsets. Boil half cup of rice in 6 cups of water for 20 min. After boiling remove the rice and put some honey or sugar for taste and drink it warm. This help you to ease your stomach worst condition. Crunch or chew some fennel seeds will support your digestive system. Take a small bites of caraway seeds if you feel gassy . which slow the growth of bacteria cause indigestion. Try to place heating pad or hot water bottle on your upset stomach it will gave you great relief . If you are facing worst condition it is always recommended to consult with doctor in order How To Get Rid Of Food Poisoning Stomach Pains. When we suffering from some worst condition our 1st priority is to get rid at home. In order how to get rid of food poisoning at home below are some home remedies by which you can ease your condition. The most popular remedy apple cider vinegar you can take two table spoons straight or can mix in a cup of hot water and drink it before any solid food. Honey contain antibacterial properties and can help in stomach acids. During nausea use cold wet cloth for burning eye. 3 tea spoons lemon juice and some sugar. And use it 2 3 time a day to treat food poisoning. Bananas are easy to digest . Try to use shake of banana during day . 1 garlic with fresh water or juice of garlic can help you to get rid of food poisoning. Read our other articles about food poisoning symptoms, treatment causes to know about food poisoning and how to get rid of food poisoning.

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Modeling of Biogeochemical Cycles in our nature Shishir Reza In Global Environmental models simulate the functioning of environmental processes. The motivation behind developing an environmental model is often to explain complex behaviour in environmental systems, or improve understanding of a system. Environmental models may also be extrapolated through time in order to predict future environmental conditions, or to compare predicted behavior to observed processes or phenomena. However, a model should not be used for both prediction and explanation tasks simultaneously. A model is a simplified representation of some aspect observed in the real world. A model is any consequence or interpretation taken from a set of observations or experience. Many problems in natural systems are so complex, nonlinear and multidimensional that they require a nonlinear approach. Traditionally, simplification is seldom dealt with in a nonlinear fashion. Linear correlation between different independent components has instead been used. This requires complex explanations and reduces our understanding of the fundamental dynamics behind complex problems. The understanding is then not the focus of the study but the constructed model itself. Biogeochemical Models in Nature We define biogeochemical models as models that describe the connection from biology through chemistry, to geology and back. Geology (the solid phase) is only visible to biology through its expression in chemistry. The only way that geology (solids) affects chemistry is through chemical weathering and ion exchange. Ion exchange is always in the form of reversible reactions, whereas chemical weathering reactions are almost always irreversible and slow. Decomposition of organic matter, however, we regard as part of the biotic cycle. For all biogeochemical models where the connection between biological and geological aspects is significant, the representation of the weathering process will be a vulnerable point for overall model performance. Concerning global cycling of either S or C, etc. nor cycling within an individual water body, were modeling concepts addressed in more general terms. The term modeling is used in many ways. In general, it is a description of a real or hypothetical system. Models serve as a tool for solving specific problems. Therefore it is necessary to properly define the problem before choosing a model. Ideally, a model should be capable of prediction. However, it can also serve the useful purpose of integrating information from different disciplines and in turn provide direction to the individual disciplines. Therefore, it is important that there are continuous interactions between the constructor of the model and the researchers providing the inputs. In ecology and Earth science a biogeochemical cycle or nutrient cycle is a pathway by which a chemical element or molecule moves through both biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth. Water, for example, is always recycled through the water cycle, as shown in the diagram. The water undergoes evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, falling back to Earth clean and fresh. Elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another through the biogeochemical cycle. • Carbon enters the atmosphere through respiration of living things, fires that burn organic compound and by diffusion from the ocean. • Carbon is removed from the atmosphere through the photosynthesis of green plants algae, photosynthetic bacteria etc. • When an organism dies, most of its organic materials decompose into inorganic compounds. • Over years/decades /centuries, such storage occurs in wetlands including part of floodplain, lake basins etc. • Some may be buried under the sediments and form part of sedimentary rock and becomes fossil fuels- coal, oil and natural gas. Today nitrogen atom may be throbbing in the cells of meading grass, tomorrow it may be pulsating through the tissues of a living animal. He nitrogen atom afterwards may rise from decaying animal refuse and stream to the upper region of the atmosphere where it may be yoked with oxygen in a flash of lighting and return a plant food to the soil in a torrent of a rain or it may be directly absorbed from the atmosphere by the soil and there rendered available for plant food by the action of symbiotic bacteria. Hus each nitrogen atom has doubtless undergone a neverceasing cycle of changes through countless aeons of time. Nitrogen and its compounds are essential for the maintenance of life processes in the biosphere. There is continuous exchange of nitrogen within ecosystem, operating the nitrogen cycle. Plants and animals continuously producing proteins which are organic compounds containing nitrogen. Plants absorb nitrates from the soil to produce plants. The death and decay of plants and animals as well, as excreta of animals comprise the major load of organic residues containing proteins to the soil. Various types of microorganism in the soil utilize these nitrogenous organic residues for their metabolism. The resulting reactions yield a chain of immediate products such as ammonia nitrites, nitrates. Plants absorb nitrates and re-enter the nitrogen cycle. Some soil microorganism break down soil nitrate into nitrogen by denitrification process while others transform nitrogen into soluble nitrogen compounds. In the total cycle about 4 to 7 tones of nitrogen per hectare is added to the soil each year. There is some loss through the leaching of nitrates into the fresh water courses and seas. However by all these processes the nitrogen cycle is balanced and thus the nitrogen concentration in the atmosphere is constant.(De, 2005) Sulphur cycle Plants and animals depends on continuous supply of sulphur and its compounds for synthesis of some amino acids and proteins. Some sulphur bacteria serve as the media for exchange of sulphur within ecosystem. The sulphur cycle illustrates the circulation of sulphur and its compound in the environment. Sulphates are converted into plant and animal material by bacterial action . In polluted water under anaerobic condition hydrogen sulphide is produced by bacteria giving deposits of iron sulphide.in unpolluted waters under aerobic conditions the sulphur bacteria transform sulphides into sulphates fo further production of protein.(De, 2005) Oxygen cycle Oxygen the byproduct of photosynthesis, is involved in the oxidation of carbohydrates with release of energy, carbon dioxide and water. Its primary role in biological oxidation is that of a hydrogen acceptors. The breakdown and decomposition of organic molecules proceeds primarily by dehydrogenation. Hydrogen is removed by enzymatic activity from organic molecules in a series of reaction and is finally accepted by the oxygen, forming water. Though oxygen is necessary for life, but being very active chemically, molecular oxygen may be toxic to living body cells. Therefore for the protection from toxic effects of molecular oxygen, cells posses the cellular organelles called peroximes which mediate oxidative reaction resulting in the production of hydrogen peroxide which in turn used through the mediation of other enzymes an acceptor in oxidizing other compounds. The major supply of free oxygen which supports life occurs in the atmosphere. There are two significant sources of atmospheric oxygen. One is the photo dissociation of water vapour in which most of the hydrogen is released scopes into outer space .The other source is photosynthesis active only since life began on earth. Because photosynthesis and respiration are cyclic involving both the release and utilization of oxygen, one would seem to balance the other, and no significant quantity of oxygen would accumulate in the atmosphere. The cycling of oxygen is very complex. as a constituent of carbon dioxide , it circulates freely through the biosphere. Some carbon dioxides combined with calcium to form carbonates. Oxygen combined with nitrogen to form nitrates, with iron to ferric oxides and with many other minerals to form to form other oxides. In these states oxygen is temporarily withdrawn from circulation. In photosynthesis the oxygen freed is split from the water molecule. This oxygen is then reconstituted into water during plant and animal respiration. Some part of the atmospheric oxygen that reaches the higher levels of the troposphere is reduced to ozone by high energy ultraviolet radiation. Water cycle The hydrological cycle is acontinous natural process which helps in exchange of water between the atmosphere, the land, the sea, living plants and animals. About one third of the solar flux is absorbed by the earth is used ti drive the hydrological cycle – massive evaporation of water from the ocean, cloud formation and precipitation which provides us with our supply and reserves of fresh water. Water as rain, hail or snow is precipitated on all land and water surfaces. Water on land surfaces seeps into the soil as ground water. Below the ground there is a natural water level or water table. The soil below the water table is sustained by the underlying clay and rock strata. Ground water does not remain stationary but moves in various directions; water moves up above the water table by capillary action and there maintains a continuous supply of water to the surface layer of soil, where it is absorbed by plant roots in absence of rain .another important ground water resource is the aquifers. The latter exist above impermeable rock strata- water percolates through the porous rocks and forms underground lakes or reservoir. From these aquifers water can be extracted by sinking wells, tube wells and pumping it to the surface. In the event of good rainfall all the rain water precipitated on land does not percolated into the soil. Surface water or run off flows into streams, rivers, lakes and catchment areas or reservoirs. The land surfaces and all water surfaces on the earth lose water by evaporation by solar energy. Normal evaporation from the ocean exceeds precipitation by rain into the seas by about 10%. This access 10% ultimately moves as water vapour over land surface and thereby balance the hydrological cycle and meets our requirements for additional water. Plant absorbs capillary ground water but give off excess water through leaves by the process of transpiration. This is an important process which ensures conduction of water and dissolved mineral salts throughout the plant. Environmental models seek to recreate occurs during some events in nature. Environmental modeling is very important to deter mine chemical exposure concentration to aquatic organisms and or human in the past present or future. The chosen model defines the data needed to create the learning process required to produce the answer. No modeling starts by assembling 'all' data, and just adding more does not give more clarity, but less. If asked for a value judgment, no biogeochemical model is 'best'. The best model is the model that answers the question asked with the necessary amount of accuracy with the smallest cost or effort. The Writer is an Environmental Analyst & Associate Member, Bangladesh Economic Association. The former boss of Nissan, Carlos Ghosn, has been granted bail Chronicles of modern-day foreign ministers 1971, the genesis Trump-Kim summit breaks down: Why? Cosmos Art Camp 2019 concludes in Chaottogram Unlocking principles of intelligent urbanism in Bangladesh Bangabondhu-Equity-Imperialismn Disaster capitalism through carbon rift theory Nation Building Challenges in Developing States Malaysian Context Economics of Home-grown Agro- tourism Products in Bangladesh

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There are 3 airports and 13 Amtrak train stations within 30 miles of the Santa Ana city center. The average travel time to work in Santa Ana is 5% lower than the national average. The number of people who take public transportation in Santa Ana is 20% higher than the national average. The number of people who carpool to work in Santa Ana is 51% higher than the national average. The number of people who work from home in Santa Ana is 58% lower than the national average. Source: The Bristol Memory, Santa Ana, CA transportation data displayed above is derived from the 2016 United States Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS).

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Some clients travel all the way from Newcastle and Wollongong to visit me, and some visit from just down the road. This handsome little guy didn't have to travel very far for his Newborn Photography Session with me, he lives in the street over from me. Whether my little clients travel from far or near, I am truly blessed to have the honour of photographing this very precious time in their little families' lives. The Hills District is full of incredibly talented Newborn Photographers, so when my clients choose me, it makes my heart sing. Here are some of my favourites of Theo's session. And as always there are way too many to share. I hope you love them as much as I do.

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Join guest artist Lily Baldwin and members of the Detroit women's filmmaker collective FINAL GIRLS for a discussion about pushing the boundaries of storytelling — and in particular, the ways in which VR can be used to engage audiences in new ways. Lily will talk about her latest work, Through You, on display at Space 2435 and the Power Center. The piece is a virtual reality narrative that she describes as a "visceral poem, filled with saturated colors, bold score, and dance to inhabit a common mortal story of love born, lived, lost, burned, and seemingly gone forever." Attendees will view the work and respond to it with the filmmaker present, learning about her approach to the medium as a practitioner of both film and dance. Made possible with support from The Knight Foundation.

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The price of oil, a key Canadian export, is still down over 50 percent from its mid-2014 high of $116 a barrel, while demand for the country's other exports remains tepid due to weak U.S. intake. The poll forecast Canadian economic growth at 1.2 percent this year, short of the bank's 1.3 percent estimate, and at 2.0 percent in 2017, versus the bank's 2.2 percent prediction and July poll's median consensus of 2.1 percent. "The energy sector is still suffering and I don't see light at the end of the tunnel anytime soon, even if commodity prices seem to be slowly creeping higher again," said Thomas Costerg, senior economist at Standard Chartered Bank. To lend support to the Canadian economy, the Liberal government in March projected a C$29.4 billion ($22.1 billion) budget deficit for this fiscal year as it spends on infrastructure and benefits for families and the middle class. "Fiscal stimulus is a positive for growth, but it is a modest positive. It is just a patchwork solution in the meantime," said Emanuella Enenajor, North America economist at Bank of America-Merrill Lynch. Canada's central bank cut rates twice last year, bringing them to 0.50 percent, to dull the sting of the oil price crash. The economy fell into a brief recession, nonetheless. But lower rates prompted Canadians to take on even more mortgage debt. The household debt-to-income ratio hit a record high 167.6 percent in the second quarter, stoking fears of a correction in the housing market. Canada's economy is increasingly driven by housing, which is a key risk going into 2017, said Standard Chartered's Costerg. He added that the recent regulations to curb house price inflation also pose a downside risk to economic growth. But with overall inflation remaining below the BoC's 2 percent target, and the economy still weak, a small minority of economists said the central bank's next move will more likely be a rate cut than a hike. Three forecast a trim this quarter.

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video-slots Immortal Romance is one of the most popular video slots produced by the ever-popular software provider Microgaming. Containing themes of romance and vampires, the slot shot to fame shortly after its release in 2011, telling the story of paranormal characters Amber, Troy, Michael, and Sarah. Largest paid jackpot:$3,645,000 Average payout:96.86% Current jackpot range: $3,645,000 Max Bonus About Immortal Romance Microgaming launched Immortal Slots in 2011, and it was well-received, becoming an instant cult classic. The game follows the story of Amber, Troy, Michael, and Sarah, a group of paranormals in a vampire-themed tale of romance. That may turn some players off as your mileage on vampires may vary, but give it a chance and you might just fall in love with the slot yourself. With a collection of great features, huge chances to win big, and a respectable RTP, the slot still holds up today as one of the best Microgaming has to offer. How to play Immortal Romance If you've not played Immortal Romance or are relatively new to online slots in general, you might benefit from a little bit of a crash course before getting yourself fully immersed in the game. That said, online slots aren't rocket science, and you'll likely find your feet quickly, wading through the jargon and special features with ease. But that doesn't mean that reading up just a little before playing doesn't have its benefits. Before hitting the "spin" button, you're going to want to sort out the sizes of your bets and there's a simple method for players to do just that. A pair of +/- buttons will allow you to set the coin size alongside the number of coins that you're going to want to bet. It's these two that will form the total size of your bet, don't worry, it's super simple once you've had a quick play around. The "Bet Max" option will let you set the maximum bet permitted by a single click of the button before hitting "Spin," setting the reels in motion before landing on a potentially winning position. Ways to win Typical of Microgaming slots, Immortal Romance will offer players a total of 243 different winning combinations (paylines), more than enough to work with. There's a 96.86% RTP and a minimum requirement of 1 coin per line alongside the maximum of 10. The minimum coin size lands at 0.01 and a maximum of 0.02 with the associated jackpot of 60. Where to play Immortal Romance Finding a place to play Immortal Romance is the easy part, as players will find themselves able to play at any Microgaming casino. Bonuses available If there's one thing that we absolutely love about slots, it's the bonuses and features that we're seeing when playing the games. At Immortal Romance, there's plenty of different ways to reach higher scoring rounds with each of the following leading to bigger and better features. Wild Desire The Wild Desire feature is one of the best adrenaline-pumping aspects of Immortal Romance and will trigger at random - turning up to five reels completely wild. If you manage to achieve the level, you're in with the chance of a huge 1,500X bonus of your total stake - not bad at all. The Chamber of Spins Immortal Romance is all about The Chamber of Spins, the feature that can be entered when players find three or more Lion Door Knocker symbols during a spin (find five and you'll find yourself with a huge 200X bonus on your total stake). From here, players can enter four different spin features, depending on the number of times the chamber is entered, leading to better features with the increased number of visits. First up, it's Amber, the feature that is always available for players to access when in the Chamber of Spins. Players can expect to receive 10 free spins with a 5X multiplier, a solid feature to be sure. But when you see you that it can be retriggered to gain a total of 20 free spins, it definitely steps it up just a little more. Moving onto Troy, players will find that it's not quite as easy to access as Amber, with a requirement of entering the Chamber of Spins a total of five or more times. For the repeated visits, players will find themselves faced with 15 free spins with the Vampire Bats feature enabled. This feature turns symbols into 2x and 3x multipliers, but if players find themselves receiving two, they'll reap the rewards of a 6x multiplier. Thanks, Troy! Next up it's Michael, and players will have to work even harder to get to him with The Chamber of Spins needing to be accessed a total of 10 or more times for access to be granted. Players can expect to play with 20 free spins with the Rolling Reels feature enabled. That means that players can expect consecutive wins as the multiplier value increases from 2x to 5x. Last up, we have Sarah, the feature most difficult to reach with a requirement of a visit to The Chamber of Spins 15 times or more. Players will receive a massive 25 free spins with the Wild Vine feature enabled, randomly changing the symbols into wilds. Receiving one, two, three, four or five scatter symbols will translate to one, two, three or four free spins, meaning a total of 29 free spins available from Sarah. We love the progressive nature of the slot, showing huge similarities to Thunderstruck II, albeit with a very different theme. And, similar to the legendary Thunderstruck, Immortal Romance comes with an inbuilt memory, meaning that you're able to leave and come back to the game at a later date with your progress saved. What do the players say? We don't trust anyone as much as you, the players, so it makes sense to include some of the honest player reviews that we've found helpful from around the web. We always prefer to look for the good in things, so that's exactly how we're going to start off the player reviews, with three positive personal accounts of the game. "Graceful and beautiful Slot Machine, which will catch your attention and will not let the player stop playing, you want to keep going and gain more and more of all the options that are here. You can choose how many free spins you play to achieve the positions and features you can get high winnings. Common Success." "Immortal Romance is a masterpiece slot from Microgaming , I believe it is the best slot from this provider and the most played. Although I am not a big fan of vampire themed slot I enjoy playing Immortal Romance very much." "I think Immortal Romance is a game that will never get old. The theme of vampires and love is just a subject that attracts us women, but I think also men even though they won't admit it. ;) There is a great potential of winning huge, even when playing the minimum of the 30 cent bet. I think this game is amazing with it theme and features. Great game." No game is perfect, and to make sure there's no bias on the site, we're just as interested in the bad as we are the good. Here are a couple of candid reviews noting some of Immortal Romance's shortcomings. "I'm not a big fan of the music like a lot of other people seem to be, and it is essentially just a carbon clone of Thunderstruck II with a few changes here and there. It seems to me that when Microgaming was releasing games like this and Thunderstruck II they were really at the height of their innovation and they have been on something of a downward slope since then." "My only negative comment with regards to this game, and in fact all of these similar 243 ways games, is that on a bad day, they will bleed you dry so quickly you won't know what happened - Yes, that is just how it goes sometimes with slots. It's not a reason not to play the game, but just be aware, the variance is enormous - in order for somebody to win 12,000 x their bet, 12,000 spins have to lose. Just keep that in mind." If you're not dissuaded by the theme (it's great if you give it a chance, trust us) then you'll find Immortal Romance an absolute gem. Similar to the iconic Thunderstruck II, there's very little to say in the way of complaints - it's a great game with a great story that we love. With so many chances to win big and a great selection of features, it's one slot we're more than happy to recommend.

{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }

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Williams, Jessup spur Broncos to Senior Day victory over UNM By Andrew Dieckhoff February 23, 2020 7:09 pm By Andrew Dieckhoff | February 23, 2020 7:09 pm MT [jwplayer 9FEfL71c] Game Recap: Boise State 74, New Mexico 61 Williams ties career-high with 26 points, adds 17 rebounds Contact/Follow @andrewdieckhoff & @MWCwire Senior Day goes off without a hitch as Broncos stampede New Mexico For a team with as much experience as Boise State has, Senior Day was always going to be a special evening. For Broncos senior RJ Williams, it was one last chance to put on a career performance in front of the home fans in Boise. Highlights of RJ Williams from today: https://t.co/lESb59tg5O — Jay Tust (@KTVBSportsGuy) February 24, 2020 Williams tied his career-high with 27 points and pulled down 16 rebounds, spurring his team to a 74-61 win at ExtraMile Arena on Sunday afternoon. The forward was nearly perfect on Sunday, making 11 of 14 shots while also posting a perfect mark at the free throw line. Fellow senior Justinian Jessup finished with 15 points and added another trio of three-pointers to his ledger, further extending his Mountain West all-time record for triples. The prolific shooter also added five rebounds and a team-leading four assists on the day. Derrick Alston Jr. scored 17 points for Boise State, coming off the bench in deference to seniors Alex Hobbs, Marcus Dickinson, and Robin Jorch. That said, while he is just a junior, Alston could be forgiven for stealing some of the spotlight on Sunday—the guard has long been discussed as a professional prospect, thanks to a breakout year last season. If this was his last game in Boise, he made it memorable. Some of Boise's seniors didn't get the memo. While Hobbs, Dickinson, and Jorch were all in the starting lineup and remained on the floor until the first media timeout, none of the three were very effective in their final game in front of the home fans. The trio combined to score just four points on 1-for-12 shooting. Still, even as those elder statesmen struggled, Leon Rice watched as the rest of his team came together to secure an 11th league victory. With the win, the Broncos remained just a half-game behind Utah State and Nevada for second place in the Mountain West standings. The result provides even further contrast between the top six in the MW and the bottom five. And New Mexico is squarely in the second camp now. The Lobos have now dropped four straight since beating Wyoming at The Pit on February 8, and have lost nine of their past eleven games. If the beginning of New Mexico's season was a fairy tale, then the back half has been the panicked journal entries of a sailor lost at sea. Paul Weir's roster has been decimated by on- and off-the-court issues since their 15-3 start. This most recent loss drops them to just a half-game lead over Fresno State for the #7 seed in the upcoming Mountain West Tournament. Vance Jackson did his part to try to keep New Mexico alive in this game, pouring in a team-high 19 points and seven rebounds. Jackson was joined in double-figure scoring by only one other Lobo, Keith McGee, who finished with twelve points. The Lobos will be happy to put Boise in their rear-view mirror as they prepare for the final week of the regular season, before heading to Las Vegas for the Mountain West Tournament. They will be guaranteed to be among the first-round contestants, solidifying their place in the league's bottom six this week with losses to Nevada and Boise State. The Broncos will get an early taste of next week's tournament venue when UNLV hosts Boise State on Wednesday at the Thomas & Mack Center. A Boise State win would clinch a first-round bye for the blue and orange. And with just one game remaining in the regular season, Leon Rice and the Broncos will be watching from home on Saturday for the final Mountain West gameday. The Lobos finish the season with a trip to Clune Arena to do battle with Air Force, before finally heading home for their own Senior Day on February 29 against Utah State. It's hard to know just how much is left in the tank for a team that has had a difficult season, both physically and mentally. But a win over the Aggies at The Pit would certainly be a nice send-off for seniors JaQuan Lyle and Corey Manigault. Andrew is a current USBWA member, covering college basketball for multiple outlets, including Mountain West Wire of the USA TODAY Sports Media Group and Busting Brackets of the FanSided Network. He also runs the Dieckhoff Power Index, a college basketball analytics system, and provides bracketology predictions throughout the season. More Mountain West Basketball! Boise State Basketball, boise state new mexico, boise state new mexico basketball, boise state senior day, bsu recap, bsu unm recap, Mountain West Basketball, mw basketball, MWC Basketball, New Mexico Basketball, rj williams, unm bsu, unm bsu basketball, unm bsu recap, unm recap, Boise State, Mountain West Basketball, New Mexico

{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl" }

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Las Vegas Police arrested a teen suspect and his mother in the fatal shooting of a Missouri State football player Richard Nelson, who witnesses say tried to stop a fight involving his sister in front of their house over the weekend. Police arrested 37-year-old Tianna Thomas and her 17-year-old son. The teen was charged with murder and his mother was charged with accessory to murder with a deadly weapon after police believe she drove her son from the scene before they arrived. Witnesses told police Nelson pulled a person away from his sister before he was shot. The Clark County coroner says Nelson died of multiple gunshots. Missouri State will hold a public memorial service on Sunday, the 29th for in the Plaster Student Union Theater on the Springfield campus, starting at 1 p.m.

{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }

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Q: Unable to upload image (without gray strip) more than 640x480px to Google Drive - ESP-CAM via HTTP POST base64 payload I am solving such a problem for the ESP-CAM platform ... I have ESP-CAM, which is a microcontroller with an OV2640 camera. I am sending the photo via HTTPS POST request to Google App Script that save it to my Google Drive. Payload photo is base64 format. The photo is uploaded and fully visible. It only works at a low resolution of 640x480 ... Whenever I use a higher photo resolution (800x600 or up to 1600x1200 - 2Mpix) there is a gray bar on each photo ... I suspect that the problem is the base64 payload .... I don't see any problem in software implementation, or memory, because of ESP-CAM has 4MB of external PSRAM memory. Are there another ways how to upload a photo... What content type to use for payload? image / jpeg payload, application / x-www-form-urlencoded? Are there any other options? I'm also attaching an image of what the image that uploads to me in 800x600 or higher resolution looks like with that gray strip. Photo in Google Drive with gray strip: https://i.imgur.com/FXw1yXi.png I would add that if I send the whole image in one color (for example, dark, the whole is black), it will be uploaded correctly without that gray strip ... Could it be that the payload is so long that it is not uploaded? I'm really annoyed about it already.. I don't know on which side is problem.... At encoding, at Google backend of that App Script?? Code that I am using under Arduino IDE: (ESP Arduino Core 1.0.4) #include <WiFi.h> #include <WiFiClientSecure.h> #include "soc/soc.h" #include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h" #include "Base64.h" #include <ESPmDNS.h> #include <WiFiUdp.h> #include <ArduinoOTA.h> #include "esp_camera.h" unsigned long cas = 0; const char* ssid = "WiFi_SSID"; //your network SSID const char* password = "WiFi_PASS"; //your network password const char* myDomain = "script.google.com"; String myScript = "/macros/s/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/exec"; String myFilename = "filename=ESP32-CAM.jpg"; String mimeType = "&mimetype=image/jpeg"; String myImage = "&data="; int waitingTime = 30000; //Wait 30 seconds to google response. #define PWDN_GPIO_NUM 32 #define RESET_GPIO_NUM -1 #define XCLK_GPIO_NUM 0 #define SIOD_GPIO_NUM 26 #define SIOC_GPIO_NUM 27 #define Y9_GPIO_NUM 35 #define Y8_GPIO_NUM 34 #define Y7_GPIO_NUM 39 #define Y6_GPIO_NUM 36 #define Y5_GPIO_NUM 21 #define Y4_GPIO_NUM 19 #define Y3_GPIO_NUM 18 #define Y2_GPIO_NUM 5 #define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM 25 #define HREF_GPIO_NUM 23 #define PCLK_GPIO_NUM 22 WiFiClientSecure client; const char* test_root_ca PROGMEM = \ "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" \ "MIIETDCCAzSgAwIBAgILBAAAAAABL07hSVIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG\n" \ "A1UEBhMCQkUxGTAXBgNVBAoTEEdsb2JhbFNpZ24gbnYtc2ExEDAOBgNVBAsTB1Jv\n" \ "b3QgQ0ExGzAZBgNVBAMTEkdsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBDQTAeFw0wNjEyMTUwODAw\n" \ "MDBaFw0yODAxMjgxMjAwMDBaMEwxIDAeBgNVBAsTF0dsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBD\n" \ "QSAtIFIyMRMwEQYDVQQKEwpHbG9iYWxTaWduMRMwEQYDVQQDEwpHbG9iYWxTaWdu\n" \ "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAps8kDr4ubyiZRULEqz4h\n" \ "VJsL03+EcPoSs8u/h1/Gf4bTsjBc1v2t8Xvc5fhglgmSEPXQU977e35ziKxSiHtK\n" \ "pspJpl6op4xaEbx6guu+jOmzrJYlB5dKmSoHL7Qed7+KD7UCfBuWuMW5Oiy81hK5\n" \ "61l94tAGhl9eSWq1OV6INOy8eAwImIRsqM1LtKB9DHlN8LgtyyHK1WxbfeGgKYSh\n" \ "+dOUScskYpEgvN0L1dnM+eonCitzkcadG6zIy+jgoPQvkItN+7A2G/YZeoXgbfJh\n" \ "E4hcn+CTClGXilrOr6vV96oJqmC93Nlf33KpYBNeAAHJSvo/pOoHAyECjoLKA8Kb\n" \ "jwIDAQABo4IBIjCCAR4wDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgEGMA8GA1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8w\n" \ "HQYDVR0OBBYEFJviB1dnHB7AagbeWbSaLd/cGYYuMEcGA1UdIARAMD4wPAYEVR0g\n" \ "ADA0MDIGCCsGAQUFBwIBFiZodHRwczovL3d3dy5nbG9iYWxzaWduLmNvbS9yZXBv\n" \ "c2l0b3J5LzAzBgNVHR8ELDAqMCigJqAkhiJodHRwOi8vY3JsLmdsb2JhbHNpZ24u\n" \ "bmV0L3Jvb3QuY3JsMD0GCCsGAQUFBwEBBDEwLzAtBggrBgEFBQcwAYYhaHR0cDov\n" \ "L29jc3AuZ2xvYmFsc2lnbi5jb20vcm9vdHIxMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFGB7ZhpFDZfK\n" \ "iVAvfQTNNKj//P1LMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4IBAQCZIivuijLTDAd+3RsgK1Bq\n" \ "lpEG2r5u13KWrVM/fvWPQufQ62SlZfLz4z0/WzEMfHmEOpeMDx+uwbzy67ig70H9\n" \ "vDGp/MlC5kS+HlbKdYuySTGZ/urpcWSGeo/l1WERQ+hAuzEM4tsYi5l0OGGrJICM\n" \ "+ag710nWZooYc8y8BjmLEDIODdOx9+9mExBZSMjPAcqZzJBymNs67cunu+JscI6m\n" \ "nmhj7Y+3LQWJztlU9k6rHkbbMEk/9mrgAfC8zYTUOfdVjgMVcdOdNO2dxtHIqsWE\n" \ "OTsN/SknUh6Dq0gjhVhQs5XGC7Mm4xYtqDDcA1BtXNEMzSqhR5rPIBvbQ4gfwvzg\n" \ "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"; void setup() { WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); Serial.begin(115200); delay(10); WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); Serial.println(""); Serial.print("Connecting to "); Serial.println(ssid); WiFi.begin(ssid, password); while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.print("."); delay(500); } client.setCACert(test_root_ca); ArduinoOTA.setPort(3232); ArduinoOTA .onStart([]() { String type; if (ArduinoOTA.getCommand() == U_FLASH) type = "sketch"; else // U_SPIFFS type = "filesystem"; // NOTE: if updating SPIFFS this would be the place to unmount SPIFFS using SPIFFS.end() Serial.println("Start updating " + type); }) .onEnd([]() { Serial.println("\nEnd"); }) .onProgress([](unsigned int progress, unsigned int total) { Serial.printf("Progress: %u%%\r", (progress / (total / 100))); }) .onError([](ota_error_t error) { Serial.printf("Error[%u]: ", error); if (error == OTA_AUTH_ERROR) Serial.println("Auth Failed"); else if (error == OTA_BEGIN_ERROR) Serial.println("Begin Failed"); else if (error == OTA_CONNECT_ERROR) Serial.println("Connect Failed"); else if (error == OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR) Serial.println("Receive Failed"); else if (error == OTA_END_ERROR) Serial.println("End Failed"); }); ArduinoOTA.begin(); Serial.println(""); Serial.println("STAIP address: "); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); Serial.println(""); camera_config_t config; config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0; config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0; config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM; config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM; config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000; config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG; config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_UXGA; // UXGA|SXGA|XGA|SVGA|VGA|CIF|QVGA|HQVGA|QQVGA config.jpeg_quality = 10; config.fb_count = 1; esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config); if (err != ESP_OK) { Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err); delay(1000); ESP.restart(); } } void loop() { if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { WiFi.begin(ssid, password); } while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.print("."); delay(500); } ArduinoOTA.handle(); if ((millis() - cas) >= 60000 || cas == 0) { cas = millis(); saveCapturedImage(); } } void saveCapturedImage() { Serial.println("Connect to " + String(myDomain)); client.stop(); if (client.connect(myDomain, 443)) { Serial.println("Connection successful"); camera_fb_t * fb = NULL; fb = esp_camera_fb_get(); if (!fb) { Serial.println("Camera capture failed"); delay(1000); ESP.restart(); return; } char *input = (char *)fb->buf; char output[base64_enc_len(3)]; String imageFile = ""; for (int i = 0; i < fb->len; i++) { base64_encode(output, (input++), 3); if (i % 3 == 0) imageFile += urlencode(String(output)); } String Data = myFilename + mimeType + myImage; esp_camera_fb_return(fb); Serial.println("Send a captured image to Google Drive."); client.println("POST " + myScript + " HTTP/1.1"); client.println("Host: " + String(myDomain)); client.println("Content-Length: " + String(Data.length() + imageFile.length())); client.println("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); client.println(); client.print(Data); int Index; for (Index = 0; Index < imageFile.length(); Index = Index + 1000) { client.print(imageFile.substring(Index, Index + 1000)); } Serial.println("Waiting for response."); long int StartTime = millis(); while (!client.available()) { Serial.print("."); delay(100); if ((StartTime + waitingTime) < millis()) { Serial.println(); Serial.println("No response."); //If you have no response, maybe need a greater value of waitingTime break; } } Serial.println(); while (client.available()) { Serial.print(char(client.read())); } } else { Serial.println("Connected to " + String(myDomain) + " failed."); } client.stop(); } //https://github.com/zenmanenergy/ESP8266-Arduino-Examples/ String urlencode(String str) { String encodedString = ""; char c; char code0; char code1; char code2; for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) { c = str.charAt(i); if (c == ' ') { encodedString += '+'; } else if (isalnum(c)) { encodedString += c; } else { code1 = (c & 0xf) + '0'; if ((c & 0xf) > 9) { code1 = (c & 0xf) - 10 + 'A'; } c = (c >> 4) & 0xf; code0 = c + '0'; if (c > 9) { code0 = c - 10 + 'A'; } code2 = '\0'; encodedString += '%'; encodedString += code0; encodedString += code1; //encodedString+=code2; } yield(); } return encodedString; } Google App Script for saving photo to my Google Drive --> ESP-CAM directory: function doPost(e) { var data = Utilities.base64Decode(e.parameters.data); var nombreArchivo = Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), "GMT+1", "dd.MM HH:mm")+".jpg"; var blob = Utilities.newBlob(data, e.parameters.mimetype, nombreArchivo ); var folder, folders = DriveApp.getFoldersByName("ESP32-CAM"); if (folders.hasNext()) { folder = folders.next(); } else { folder = DriveApp.createFolder("ESP32-CAM"); } var file = folder.createFile(blob); return ContentService.createTextOutput("Completed.") } Thanks for help! - Martin

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The Roots Collective Team As a community of entrepreneurs, founded by entrepreneurs, for entrepreneurs, the Roots Collective is led by a dynamic, energetic, and passionate team! Learn more about them here. Aloy Chua CEO for Business Development & Co-Founder Allister Roy Chua, or Aloy for short, is the CEO for Business Development of the Roots Collective, and one of its original co-founders. He discovered his advocacy for the environment at an early age by reading about global warming and polar melting, and has been taking steps to live a conscious life since his teenage years. His passion for social justice was also first kindled in high school with the cause of the Sumilao farmers, but it wasn't until the eve of his university exchange program that he was invited to the GK Enchanted Farm and learned about social entrepreneurship as a way of marrying social causes and career sustainability. He has been involved in the social entrepreneurship and non-profit scenes ever since, working as a facilitator and trainer with the same organization that brought him to the Farm and volunteering for the Benita & Catalino Yap Foundation before joining HABI Lifestyle in 2015, where the initial seeds for what would become the Roots Collective were sown. He served as the first COO of the Roots Collective until 2016, and returned in November 2019 to manage the Uptown BGC pop-up store, before becoming CEO in February 2020. In addition to being passionate about living a more sustainable lifestyle and social justice and equity, Aloy is also an advocate of well-being, financial literacy, and living one's true purpose and calling. He likes traveling, reading, writing, cooking, shoes, video games, music, languages, technology, and coffee and tea. He is a director in his homeowners' association, as well as a member of the Christian Life Community of the Philippines (CLCP) and the Young Catholic Professionals (YCP) ministry of Christ the King Greenmeadows Parish. He graduated from Xavier School in 2009, and from the Ateneo de Manila University in 2013 with a bachelor's degree in legal management, and minors in French and Chinese Studies. Dexter Yu COO for Business Development & Co-Founder CFO & Co-Founder, Wholly Grain Dexter Yu is the COO for Business Development of the Roots Collective, and part of the second batch of co-founders of the Roots Collective association. A lover of life and the beauty of nature and the outdoors, Dexter has been an environmental advocate since his university years when he joined the Institute of Skin Divers of the Ateneo (ISDA) and the Loyola Mountaineers, organizations that proved instrumental in his formation as a leader. For his business thesis, he and four other friends co-founded Wholly Grain, a social enterprise working with farmers in Ilocos to produce sorghum grains and sorghum products, which they continued after graduation, launching physically at the Roots Collective's Katipunan hub at the time. Having been recognized by the Roots Collective leadership as having great potential as a youth leader in entrepreneurship, Dexter was then recruited to be a partner at the Roots Collective association, and managed both the Roots Commune in August 2019 and the Uptown BGC pop-up store in November 2019, before becoming Business Development Officer in February 2020, formalized as COO in July 2021. In addition to his passion for the seas and the mountains and sustainable living, Dexter is an advocate of holistic health and well-being, in particular physical exercise and healthy eating. He likes swimming and diving, hiking, jogging, yoga, cycling, cooking, good food, music, and design. He graduated from Xavier School in 2014, and from the Ateneo de Manila University in 2019 with a bachelor's degree in communications technology management, and minors in marketing, finance, and enterprise development.

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Q: запись и удаление данных через одну форму POST, php и mysql Скажем есть 1 форма отправки POST, с переменной value1. В базе есть 3 ячейки value1, value2, value3 Как сделать так что бы после отправки данной формы значение переменной в форме поменялось на value2 и соотвественно на value3, при этом если в базе есть запись value1 и value3, то выводится форма для отправки с первым ближайшим пустым значением, те value2 Так же у каждого этого значения после записи появляется кнопка "удалить данное значение". Если в общем, то это загрузка изображений по очереди, вывод их с последующим удалением для каждого. Накидайте пожалуйста идеи как это реализовать или как еще можно реализовать загрузку по очереди картинок, вывод и удаление по очереди. Интересует только чистый PHP

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Death of Cardiff man after night in police custody 'deeply concerning' By Nazia Parveen and Steven Morris Welsh first minister calls for 'proper investigation' into death of Mohamud Mohammed Hassan Mohamud Mohammed Hassan The Welsh first minister has described the sudden and unexplained death of a 24-year-old man from Cardiff hours after his release from custody as "deeply concerning". South Wales police referred the death of Mohamud Mohammed Hassan after he was arrested following a disturbance in the city to the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC), which has launched an investigation. Police said they were called by the Welsh ambulance service to a "multi-occupancy" property in Roath, shortly after 10.30pm on 9 January. Hassan, who was of Somali heritage, was arrested at his Cardiff home on Friday on suspicion of breach of the peace but released without charge on Saturday morning. Officers said he left custody at around 8.30am. Hours later on Saturday evening he had died with his family saying he had claimed he was assaulted in custody before his death. South Wales police said it had so far found no evidence of excessive force or misconduct. It said its self-referral to the complaints watchdog was standard practice following a death after police contact. The IOPC director for Wales, Catrin Evans, said it would look carefully at the level of force used during the arrest and whether proper assessments were made on Hassan before he was released, but added that preliminary indications were that there was no physical trauma injury to explain the cause of death and toxicology tests would be needed. Speaking in the Welsh parliament, Mark Drakeford, offered his condolences to Hassan's family. "Our thoughts must be with the family of a young man who was a fit and healthy individual whose death must be properly investigated," he said. The Welsh first minister said the first step was to allow the IOPC to look into the case. "I expect that to be done vigorously and with full and visible independence," he said. The Plaid Cymru leader, Adam Price, told the parliament: "Witnesses were reportedly shocked by Mr Hassan's condition on his release, saying his tracksuit was covered in blood and he had severe injuries and bruising. "There can be no doubt this is a deeply harrowing case and every effort should be made to seek the truth of what happened. Why was Mohamud Hassan arrested, what happened during his arrest, did he have legal representation, was there any after care; why did this young man die?" Price asked the first minister to do "everything in your power to help the family find those answers". The Plaid leader reminded the parliament of previous controversial investigations involving South Wales police including the murder of Lynette White, which led to the Cardiff Three miscarriage of justice, and the death of schoolboy Christopher Kapessa, following which his mother, Alina Joseph, accused the police of institutional racism. Price asked Drakeford: "Do you understand why so many people of colour sympathise with that statement? The Plaid leader also pointed out that only 2.6% of South Wales police officers were from black and ethnic minority backgrounds when they made up 6.7% of the population. He also said black people in Wales were more likely to end up in prison than their US counterparts. Drakeford replied: "Black lives matter in every aspect of public services and public life here in Wales. That obligation lies with our police services as much as every part of life." Hassan's aunt, Zainab Hassan, said she saw her nephew within an hour of his release. "He had lots of wounds on his body and lots of bruises," she said. "He didn't have these wounds when he was arrested and when he came out of Cardiff Bay police station, he had them. "Nothing we do is going to bring him back, but we will not rest for a second until we have justice." On Tuesday afternoon, about 200 people gathered outside Cardiff Bay police station and flares were let off to protest over Hassan's death. Demonstrators chanted "no justice, no peace" and demanded the force release CCTV of Hassan's time in custody, while some held signs that read "Black Lives Matter" and "stop police brutality". One protester, Bianca Ali, 29, said: "We want justice, we want transparency, we want answers, we want the truth." Hilary Brown, a solicitor and director of Virgo Consultancy, said a complaint had been made to the IOPC, while the family would be seeking an independent pathologist report and called for an independent police force to investigate the issue. Evans said the IOPC "will look carefully at the level of force used during the interaction", adding: "We will be urgently examining the extensive relevant CCTV footage and body-worn video. Accounts will be gained from the officers involved, and we will be seeking to speak to a number of witnesses to the police attendance on Friday evening and to Mr Hassan's movements on Saturday after leaving custody. "I would like to reassure people that we will carry out a thorough and independent investigation … An interim report from a postmortem examination is awaited. Preliminary indications are that there is no physical trauma injury to explain a cause of death, and toxicology tests are required."In a statement South Wales police said: "As part of the South Wales police investigation CCTV and body-worn video has already been, and will continue to be, examined. "This will assist in establishing and understanding the events that took place. Early findings by the force indicate no misconduct issues and no excessive force." A postmortem examination was due to take place on Tuesday. BREAKING: Donald Trump becomes 1st U.S. president to be impeached for a 2nd time - AP Ethiopia says ex-foreign minister killed by military after refusing to surrender - Reuters Suspected al-Shabaab militants bomb telco mast - Nation Africa US won't observe Uganda's election as accreditations denied - AP Don't fund partial elections pushed by Farmaajo, Somali opposition tells donors - HOL Ethiopia warns Sudan over military build-up amid border tensions - Al Jazeera Somali group 4 Mars' music collected in Super Somali Sounds from the Gulf of Tadjoura - The Vinyl Factory Elections and instability as Africa enters 2021 - ISS Roadside blast kills 7 Kenyan soldiers in Somalia - Anadolu Agency Health for all is Somalia's answer to COVID-19 and future threats to health - WHO Somalia says kills 8 militants in southern region - Xinhua Thousands of Child Marriages in Canada Spark Concern Over Global Leadership - Reuters Somalia's international partners concerned over polls - AA

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Temping's reputation throughout Melbourne for going the extra mile with our temping automotive engineers solutions is why most hirers know and trust Temping. We do however have automotive trades specialists and a range of other temping services. Recognising that every organisation is different, Staffing's initial aim is to fully understand your unique hiring needs. Our specialist Trade Consultants look forward to delivering you Bqth short-term value whilst partnering with you to provide long-term value. We would appreciate the opportunity to gauge why our temping solutions are the 'smarter' choice. Many of Australia's top businesses rely on Staffing for their recruitment agency needs. Specialist Consultants offer expert advice to help secure the right talent to meet the needs of your operation. Staffing's services also include advice on Trade trends as well as information on expected salary rates throughout Melbourne. Our reputation for not compromising on quality is reflected by the fact that more than 50% of our temping services are sourced from client referrals. Staffing has developed a temping process which draws together high quality candidates from a range of trade backgrounds throughout Melbourne. Whether they have factory worker or mechanic background, we spend time with our candidates to understand their motivation, experience, personality and exactly what they are able to offer. We look forward to not compromising in our delivery of a recruitment agency solution you are seeking that meets your automotive engineers career or employment needs.

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Any foreign individual or company that wants to work or to do business in the United States must carefully consider U.S. immigration laws. Also, the success of a new operation may depend on company's ability to transfer personnel to the United States. Fortunately, there are a number of visa classifications that enable foreign nationals to be employed in the United States. O-1 visa or O-1 status is available to foreign nationals who have extraordinary ability in science, art, education, business, or athletics which has been demonstrated by sustained national or international acclaim, and whose achievements have been recognized in the field through extensive documentation. Short-term work visas are available to certain people doing specialized work, including the O visa for outstanding workers in the sciences, arts, athletics, education, or business. A job offer from a U.S. employer is a basic requirement for the O visa. There is no annual limit on the number of people who can receive O visas. O-2: individuals who will accompany an O-1, artist or athlete, to assist in a specific event or performance. For an O-1A, the O-2's assistance must be an "integral part" of the O-1A's activity. For an O-1B, the O-2's assistance must be "essential" to the completion of the O-1B's production. The O-2 worker has critical skills and experience with the O-1 that cannot be readily performed by a U.S. worker and which are essential to the successful performance of the O-1. O-3: individuals who are the spouse or children of O-1's and O-2's. H-1B visa is a temporary nonimmigrant visa which allows alien professionals to work up to six years in the United States, and it also entitles the H-1B visa holder's spouse and children under the age of 21 to accompany them and legally live in the United States on an H-4 visa. The H-1B is a temporary nonimmigrant visa which allows alien professionals to work up to six years in the United States. An alien worker must leave the U.S. after six years in H-1B status. There are exceptions including those alien workers who have a Labor Certification pending for more than 365 days, or Form I-140 approved, or those who changed their status to H-4. A H-1B holder's time periods outside the U.S. may be reclaimed in requests for an extension. The H-1B applicant must have experience or education in a specialty occupation. The H-1B visa is designed to attract highly skilled professionals in a specialty occupation to work in the U.S. on a temporary basis. In an H-1B application process, the employer is the petitioner, while the alien worker is the beneficiary. The U.S. employer must offer employment in a specialty occupation, either on a full time or part time basis. A specialty occupation requires theoretical and practical application of a body of specialized knowledge. Examples of specialty occupations include engineers, nurses, professors, researchers, computer programmers, and other professionals. The educational requirement specifies that the alien possess at least a bachelor's degree or its equivalent. If the applicant was awarded the degree from an institution not located in the U.S., that degree must be evaluated to determine if it is comparable to a U.S. awarded degree. If the alien possesses a U.S. degree or its equivalent, no prior employment experience is required. The L-1 intracompany transferee visa allows managers, executives, and especially knowledgeable employees who work outside the U.S. for a company that has an affiliated entity inside the U.S. to come to the U.S. and perform services for that entity. There are no limits on how many people can get L-1 visas every year. The U.S. Congress created the L-1 nonimmigrant visa category in 1970, primarily to assist multinational companies that experienced difficulties in bringing to the United States critical personnel temporarily from abroad. To be eligible for an L-1 visa, a foreign national normally must have been employed by the foreign company continuously for at least one year during the preceding three years in a managerial or executive position, or in a position where the individual gained specialized knowledge. The individual must be coming to the United States to provide services to the same employer or a branch office, subsidiary or affiliate. For this reason, L-1 visa holders are known as intracompany transferees. Executives and managers enter the United States on an L-1A visa. Employees with specialized knowledge enter the United States on an L-1B visa. To qualify for specialized knowledge, the employee must possess special knowledge of the petitioning employer's product, service, research, equipment, techniques, management, or other interests and its application in international markets, or an advanced level of knowledge in the employer's processes and procedures. The L-1A visa enables a multinational company to transfer an executive or manager from one of its foreign offices to one of its offices in the United States. The L-1A visa also enables a foreign company which does not yet have an affiliated U.S. office to send an executive or manager to the United States with the purpose of establishing one. To apply for a L-1A visa, the employer must file a Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker with fee, on behalf of the employee. The L-1B visa enables a U.S. employer to transfer a professional employee with specialized knowledge relating to its interests from one of its affiliated foreign offices to one of its offices in the United States. The L-1B visa also enables a foreign company which does not yet have an affiliated U.S. office to send a specialized knowledge employee to the United States to help establish one. To apply for a L-1B visa, the employer must file Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker with fee, on behalf of the employee. P visa is a short-term U.S. work visa, and it consists of four classifications: P1 visa, P2 visa, P3 visa and P4 visa. The P visa classification covers aliens who are internationally recognized athletes, artists or entertainers. The P visa is available to outstanding athletes, athletic teams, and entertainment companies including circuses with a job offer from a U.S. employer. Their essential support personnel may also be granted P visas, and there is no annual limit on the number of people who can receive P visas. A short-term U.S. work visa known as the P visa is available to outstanding athletes, athletic teams, and entertainment companies (including circuses) with a job offer from a U.S. employer. Their essential support personnel may also be granted visas. There is no annual limit on the number of people who can receive P visas. P1 visa is for internationally recognized athletes and entertainers. An internationally recognized athlete traveling to the United States to compete and his or her essential support personnel can require P1 visas. P1 visa include alien athletes who compete individually or as part of a team at an internationally recognized level, and P1 visa also includes aliens who perform with or are an integral and essential part of the performance of an entertainment group that has received international recognition as outstanding for a sustained and substantial period of time. P2 visa is for artists and entertainers. It includes individuals or groups, who seek to be admitted through a reciprocal exchange program between a foreign-based and US-based organization, which are engaged in the temporary exchange of artists and entertainers. The exchange of artists or entertainers must be similar in terms of caliber of artists or entertainers, terms and conditions of employment, and number of artists or entertainers involved in the exchange. P3 visa is for culturally unique programs. An artist or entertainer who is traveling to the United States to perform, teach, or coach under a culturally unique program requires a P3 visa. P4 visa is for spouse and children of a P visa holder. P4 visa is for spouses and children under the age of 21 to travel with or follow-to-join the principal P visa alien in the United States. A Green Card applicant with extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics is eligible for treatment as a priority worker in the EB1 category. Individuals who qualify for this category as persons with extraordinary ability can waive both the Labor Certification and offer of employment requirements. The extraordinary ability category does not require a job offer or a U.S. employer's sponsorship. Therefore, no labor certification is required. Consequently, aliens can apply for themselves without the assistance of an employer. However, it will be important for the alien to establish that he or she will continue to work in the area of his/her specialty in United States. EB1 Outstanding Researcher or Professor immigrant application is in the employment-based immigration visa first preference (EB1 visa) category known as EB-1B. If a foreign national has an international reputation for being outstanding in a particular academic field, that person may, with an offer of work from a U.S. employer, qualify for a Green Card as a priority worker within the outstanding professors and researchers subcategory. The foreign national will have to show at least three years experience at either teaching or research in the relevant academic field. EB1 Multinational Executive or Manager immigrant application is in the employment-based immigration visa first preference (EB1 visa) category known as EB-1C or L1A green card. In order to qualify as a multinational executive or manager under this category, during the three years preceding the application, the applicant must have been employed for at least one year by the same multinational firm or other business entity (affiliate, parent, subsidiary, or branch of the U.S. employer) that employs them in the United States. Furthermore, the applicant must seek to continue rendering services to the same employer in a managerial or executive capacity. The labor certification is not required for international managers and executives. The EB-1C petition requires the individual to have a permanent job offer from the U.S. company to work in an executive or managerial position. 7. A request from an interested U.S. government agency or improving international cultural understanding. Typically, alien applicants should establish themselves as having some unique and exceptional skill, experience, or knowledge, that sets them apart from their professional peers. Documents stating that he or she only possesses a certain level of competence will not be sufficient to receive a National Interest Waiver approval. Rather, a proficiency that is greater than mere competence is expected for those seeking a National Interest Waiver application approval.

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Best Steam Summer Sale Deals: Day 5 In the Steam pipe, £5 by $5. Feature by Ben Barrett Contributor What are the best Steam Summer Sale deals? Each day for the duration of the sale, we'll be offering our picks - based on price, what we like, and what we think more people should play. Read on for the five best deals from day 5 of the sale. As we move into the fifth day of the sale I've finally managed to close the minigame that was somehow taking all my attention despite playing itself and being quite boring. I really do enjoy watching numbers go up - great for playing games, awful for attention spans. It's a distraction I can't afford with all these lovely conferences to watch and get exited about/despair for the future of games. I'm doing one or both of those at EA's right now. But you're not here for musings on clicker games and business, you're here for (timed, because those are the only sort you should buy until day 11) deals! 5. Bioshock Triple Pack 85% off: $10.48 / £5.99 / €8.24, Store page Whatever you may think of the first sequel, the second sequel or the original, there's very likely at least one game in the Bioshock trinity you'll enjoy. They're great shooters, great worlds and occasionally great stories. If you've got this far spoiler free, you're in for a helluva ride. Here's all our thoughts on the franchise. 4. The Long Dark 50% off: $9.99 / £7.49 / €9.99, Store page One of the prettier survive-the-wilderness 'em ups, it's set in a frozen wasteland that doesn't have many traces of humanity left in it. A wonderful art style and regular updates set it apart from its peers. John has taken regular trips to its snowy climbs and we found the footage. Meanwhile Quinns has also been doing video on it, devoting his fourth COGWATCH to the game. Prefer words? Here's what Duncan Geere had to say. 3. Crusader Kings II Grand strategy in both scale and complexity. Paradox's finest work has a huge following and a massive amount of official expansion and mods. If you need a new time sink, and have a little patience, it will happily consume every moment you have with medieval europe politicking and war-making. Adam thinks it's the third best strategy of all time and he's written so much about it we're worried he's just a copy of Crusader Kings 2 that's become sentient and grown small legs. 2. Gang Beasts 33% off: $13.39 / £8.03 / €13.39, Store page An indie fighting game about jelly babies murdering each other as violently as possible. It's known to gather crowds around its four player physics 'n' traps arenas at gaming events as they cheer for more gooey death. You can also throw your friends off a ferris wheel, a secret dream we all know about but are too afraid to mention to you. Here's Adam's thoughts and what horrors Brendy saw at the Wild Rumpus when it was on show. 1. Divinity: Original Sin 33% off: $26.79 / £20.09 / €26.79, Store page Arguably the most well-received and successful crowdfunded game actually released, the two-character RPG has all the fantasy trappings. It combines full-on RPG character building, conversations and changeable worlds with the ability to play co-op with a friend. We thought it was the best Kickstarter of last year which Adam somewhat predicted in his glowing review. Adam also had a chat with developers Larian about the upcoming Enhanced Edition, which will be a free upgrade for those who already own it. Comments wise, it was pointed out that at three quid you can do a lot worse than Left 4 Dead 2, if you happen not to own it. It isn't a timed deal, but you're cutting pennies at this point. I'd recommend grabbing 3-7 friends and making a few nights of working through it in co-op or versus. You'll save a couple of bob on the four pack too. While I'm recommending untimed deals, Uplink is 89 pence. There's also a big ol' sale on Civilization 3, 4, 5 and Beyond Earth. I didn't mention it yesterday because Beyond Earth was a bit disappointing, but the other games in the series are very solid and if you're a sci-fi empire-building fan, it might be worth looking into anyway. Here's our review if you're tempted, and Alec's interview with the devs of the upcoming expansion. I thought it would be pretty easy to keep coming up with these but the internet isn't as funny as I thought. Curse you, internet. Anyway, this: Divinity: Original Sin Steam Summer Sale 2015 Ben Barrett The Sunday Papers What are we all playing this weekend? Have you played... Kardboard Kings? Supporters only: Pizza Tower is a bizarre homage to Wario Land that really makes me laugh Forspoken: PC performance and the best settings to use Supporters only: A sinister galactic death march powers Power of Ten's roguelike shooting Like A Dragon: Ishin almost made me cry, then I raced chickens to dry my tears Before Dead Space, Isaac Clarke had quite the cursed CV

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Top 12 Free Email Marketing Tools To Grow Your Business January 14, 2022 vaibhav kakkar Digital Marketing, Email Marketing Email Marketing tools comprise the software that enables a business to communicate information about the developments and other news relating to the product or service to your leads and customers. They are the main elements of successful email marketing campaigns. Free Email marketing tools if used judiciously can help a business to grow and prosper immensely. Email Marketing tools are an invaluable asset to small and medium business houses. They are economical and help SMEs to maintain and grow their business with limited resources. They assist in the entire process of an email marketing campaign from scratch. An email marketing tool helps in creating and sending messages, taking the utmost care to optimize the process for maximum success. Email Marketing was one of the first ways to market a product or service online. It existed long before other marketing channels like social media, responsive web pages, Online display advertising, and Search Engine Marketing (SEM). So, one might feel that it is an obsolete way of marketing your product online. But that is a faulty notion. That is because Email Marketing remains one of the most effective ways of marketing and informing about your brand and its features. Why Is Email Marketing still relevant even after all these years? Emails have a few characteristics that are unique to themselves. That renders them indispensable for a person who uses the net for their personal or professional needs. The life of an email is perpetual. Some people use the same email for more than 15 years. They are functional and get all the things done. Moreover, it is much simpler to use than other modes of digital marketing and people of all ages are accustomed to using emails to get their work done. Emails are still a reliable medium for communication. Recent studies have confirmed that business houses still count on email marketing to get their message across. The ROI on email marketing is so high it becomes one of the most dependable modes of digital marketing campaigns. Interested in learning about Lead Generation? Enroll in the Best Digital Marketing Course? In fact, according to a Hubspot study, more than 85% of B2B marketers depend on email marketing to promote their business. We have several Email marketing tools to take care of the needs of our business. Some of the features on these tools are free but you need to shell out money to use the additional services. The free versions come with a variety of features that are more than adequate for beginners and small and medium start-ups. Here we are going to discuss the 12 free email marketing tools that you can use to effectively implement your email marketing campaign. The Best 12 Free Email Marketing Tools To Optimise Your Emailmarketing Campaign Are As Follows: SendPulse is one of the finest free email marketing tools that give you access to a plethora of their features for free. You can have a free plan with up to 2500 subscribers. You can send 15000 emails per month for free. SendPulse has several appealing email templates(more than 100) in 8 categories that you can choose from. It helps you to create your own templates using the drag and drop feature. You have access to Email scheduler, Subscription forms, Automation360 that is limited to 5 events in the free version, A/B testing, Resend with different subject lines for unopened emails, segmentation, and personalization. You also have access to Drag and Drop editor. It enables you to send an email campaign to numerous mailing lists. Additionally, you can create innovative Gif images for your campaign and access HTML Editor. The free version has a very useful feature of statistics and reports analyses of different metrics. You can track the number of opened emails, delivered, clicking rate, errors, emails that have been marked as spam, and also the list of unsubscribed users. This can give you insights into your campaign performance. Rectifying the mistakes and optimizing your Strategy becomes easier that way. Basic Autoresponders, transactional Emails, web push notifications are allowed in the free version. To sum it up, SendPulse should be one of the prime picks for multichannel marketers and people who want to start with a comprehensive free email marketing plan. Once you gain experience you can move on to the premium plans for better services and features. Learn to formulate the Best Emails with The Top Content Writing Course. You can also check out these courses Mailerlite is again one of the most used free email marketing tools. It offers quite a lot of distinctive features in its free plan. The free plan comes with 1000 subscribers with no cap on the number of emails that you can send out. Mailerlite also comes with automation, landing pages, web forms, reporting though it is limited. There are basic structural templates for your use and it provides email support. It has a clean and simplifies user interface that is a great advantage for beginners and experts as well. It allows you to design your landing page on your own domain as well as domains hosted by Mailerlite. Hubspot Email Marketing Hubspot is one of the leading free email marketing tools with its amazing free plan that allows up to a million subscribers and 2000 emails per month. They have the Hubspot CRM(Customer Relationship Management) feature which is available to all users. You can personalize your emails with a separate name and company name for the personal element that we so strive to achieve in our marketing efforts. Any email marketing tool that comes with a CRM feature is a boon for a business that's looking to grow. It allows us to reach out to customers and leads through tracking website activity and web-form submissions. Hubspot also comes with Webforms and Email analysis report that enables you to optimize your email for maximum reach and impact. You also have their branding in your emails that helps you gain from the goodwill that Hubspot enjoys in the digital world. Mailchimp is a one of the most popular free email marketing tools for small and medium-sized business houses. The free plan offers up to 10000 email sends per month and 2000 subscribers. Some of its important features available for the free version is list management, reporting for emails, A/B testing, contact profiles, mobile features, etc. Mailchimp integrates with e-commerce software and WordPress. You have the option of a variety of templates that you can choose from. It integrates with your landing page with an engaging CTA. You can also incorporate it into a new WordPress page for your visitors. Mailchimp's automation feature comes with product recommendations, abandoned cart messages. We have discussed how effective abandoned cart messages help in turning leads to prospective consumers. It also helps in creating appealing welcome campaigns that work to build your reputation in the long run. It is one of the most recommended free email marketing tools by experienced marketers. Mailjet is one of the best free email marketing tools that give you the benefit of unlimited subscribers. The free version allows access to advanced email editors, web call-back features, and advanced report analysis. You not only get unlimited contacts but also an analytics dashboard, delivery reports, and dashboards as well as quick customer support. The tool is convenient to maneuver around. You won't have issues with the user interface. The free Mailjet version allows for sending 200 emails per day which is quite good for someone starting out. Once your business starts growing, you can upgrade to their premium plan that has no cap on per day sending limits with a 30000 email limit. Omnisend is one of the most convenient email marketing tools that you can use for small businesses and new set-ups. They are mostly focused on e-commerce. They come with a variety of features that help in kickstarting your new venture. The free version allows for important features like website tracking and A/B split testing of landing pages. It also allows for 15000 emails per month and 2000 emails per day if you are on the free plan. They are a trusted brand for top e-commerce brands. Omnisend can help you in building a good list of subscribers initially. Then you can always choose from an assortment of premium plans to upgrade for better benefits. They include automation workflows, Interactive email elements, Sign up forms, appealing pop-ups and discount codes, Google Customer Match, Facebook Custom audience, and so on. ExpressPigeon ExpressPigeon is one of the most powerful email marketing platforms that are best for businesses that have a concise list of contacts but are a high priority. The free plan allows up to 1000 emails for 500 subscribers but one user. The main quality of ExpressPigeon is that the free version gives you access to all of the prime features that are available for this email marketing tool. You can effortlessly send high-volume emails, personalize emails, automated email responses. Express pigeon is known to be one of the best platforms that have an amazing customer support system. It is consistent, dependable, and has a high customer satisfaction rate. Moreover, it is efficient and very easy to use. You have several templates to choose from and they are quite satisfactory even in the free version. There is a clear design and has a variety of tools to optimize and organize your lists, providing you with a great experience. You have Quick send, Autosave, Segmentation, powerful APIs, web forms, A/B testing, and RSS-Email integration. Moosend gives you the advantage of sending unlimited emails that can work great for you when your business is new or has seen a sudden spike and you need to reach out to your leads and customers. It, however, has a cap on the number of subscribers. You can have around 1000 subscribers in its free plan. The free version allows you to make use of all the amazing features that it has to offer. Since it gives you access to all the areas of the application, it is probably one of the best marketing tools to start with. It comes with automation triggers for emails, list segmentation, drag, and drop editing feature. Real-time analytics help in assessing what your consumer needs. That way you can work your emails around their preferences thereby making a positive impact. Moosend has a great brand value among its users. The support feature is very well appreciated. One of the key characteristics is Moosend doesn't use their own branding in your emails. That is probably the unique feature of Moosend that only comes with this email marketing tool. You can easily maneuver the tool and it's easy to implement. SendInBlue has restricted access to the features in the email marketing tool. You can choose from several templates available, A/B testing, Contact management, Web forms, and basic analysis and reporting. It allows for unlimited subscribers or contacts. You can send up to 9000 emails per month but the daily limit is 300 and can also use their workflow editor. SendInBlue is a very reputed brand in the world of email marketing tools. It has its branding on its email marketing features which definitely helps for your goodwill to your subscribers and leads. Some of its great features that are available for free are Heat Mapping, Integrations with different platforms like Intercom And Shopify. You can control the tool from a plug-in from a WordPress dashboard effectively. Zoho Campaigns come with a lot of features on the free plan but the features are all limited. You get access to A/B split testing, templates(limited), and reports. It comes with Customer Relationship Management. It has a very powerful admin control plan with a simple user interface but the convenience of use. The free version comes with 1TB storage and 5GB free on a personal account. Zoho's suite also comes with labels and a comprehensive search element along with IMAP and POP access. What are IMAC and POP access? IMAP allows you to access email from all devices. IMAP services allow you to read emails from the email service without having to download them. POP can be accessed from that one device that you choose to download your emails to…for example your laptop or phone…you can't choose both. Zoho comes with 12000 emails per month for up to 2000 subscribers. Zoho is one of the most popular platforms for businesses. A downside is that it requires customization before sending emails which might seem a little complex for beginners. It integrates its email services with CRM to provide maximum value to your business. Benchmark is regarded as one of the best free email marketing tools to effectively promote your brand. It allows for 2000 subscribers and their email limit per month is also quite generous. You can send 14000 emails per month. The free version has a lot of similarities with Mailchimp. It gives you prime features and the look is clean and smooth. You can utilize the features of web forms, List management. You can access the drag and drop editor. It is meant for businesses that have a steady growth. Their professional-looking emails are appealing and help to engage with the consumers. The free version also allows for tracking via Google Analytics. You can analyze your performance based on the reports and take necessary steps to address issues if any. You can use the drip campaign feature(basic) to nurture leads and turn them into conversions. It comes with polls and surveys that are included in the free tier along with integration with several applications. You can also custom code your emails according to your requirement. The user interface is easy. Contacts can't be imported. Therefore, you have to rely on the forms that subscribers fill in on your emails. Sender is another of the top free email marketing tools if you are new to email marketing. They give you the benefit of having up to 2500 subscribers. You can send up to 15000 emails per month which is a considerable amount. It is a simple email marketing application that comes with some very useful features in its free version. You can access the use of Autoresponders and transactional emails. They come with automation and web forms. You can also access their push notifications feature. It is an optimum tool for eCommerce. If you consider all the factors, then Sender is one of the best free email marketing tools that you can start with. Email octopus (Primarily a Newsletter Tool) Email octopus is a novel email marketing platform that uses Amazon's email services (SES) to send out emails for less price. It facilitates a cost-effective email service without compromising on deliverability and efficiency. You can have up to 2500 subscribers. You can send up to 10000 emails. It has a convenient user interface to work with and creates rich HTML emails with perfect designs. It is one of the most useful tools for simple newsletters. You have many templates to work You can integrate them with hundreds of products and services for optimized use of its features… The free version which is very interestingly referred to as the "Shrimp" version allows for sending statistics stored for 90 days, email support, Campaigns but no automation. It has very helpful customer support and is intuitive in nature nd is regarded as one of the best free email marketing tools. A quick tip Use a grammar and vocabulary checking app like Hemingway App or Grammarly to construct your emails properly before sending them. They can always detect overlooked grammatical errors and mistakes and can help you optimize your content for optimum impact. Integrate one of these tools with your email marketing tool and send out well-crafted personalized emails that make a great impact on your leads and conversions. Conclusion thoughts on the best free email marketing tools These are the various free email marketing tools in the market that you can choose from. When you are new to a business you would want to start with the basic features of an email application to get noticed. The advantage of these email tools is that you can choose their services according to your business needs. It isn't compulsory to go with the same tool time and again even when your business requires something different. They are flexible and their pro version features can be easily integrated with your business. Email marketing tools help you in providing concise, pleasant-looking emails to your leads and consumers for better customer interaction. Some of them come with an additional CRM feature that helps you to create focused emails to nurture leads, interact with them and turn them into conversions. 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Mythology : Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes, 75th Anniversary Illustrated Edition Since its original publication by Little, Brown and Company in 1942, Edith Hamilton's Mythology has sold millions of copies throughout the word and established itself as a perennial bestseller in its various available formats: hardcover, trade paperback, mass market paperback, and e-book. For 75 years readers have chosen this book above all others to discover the thrilling, enchanting, and fascinating world of Western mythology-from Odysseus's adventure-filled journey to the Norse god Odin's effort to postpone the final day of doom. This exciting new deluxe, large-format hardcover edition, published in celebration of the book's 75th anniversary, will be beautifully packages and fully-illustrated throughout with all-new, specially commissioned four-color art, making it a true collector's item. Download Mythology : Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes, 75th Anniversary Illustrated Edit (9780316438520).pdf, available at daleannepotter.com for free. Edith Hamilton, Jim Tierney Hardback | 384 pages 186 x 238 x 42mm | 1,400g Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers Inc Deluxe, Illustrated, Anniversary 25 colour and black-and-white illustrations Tales of Norse Mythology (Barnes & Noble Omnibus Leatherbound Classics) Helen A. Guerber The Complete World of Greek Mythology R.G.A. Buxton The Library of Greek Mythology Apollodorus

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This children insect shaped sofa with matching ottoman is a fun and multi-functional addition to any kids room. It makes a great reading seat or you can put your feet on the ottoman when watching TV. Kids can kick back in the chair form and use the accompanying ottoman to rest their feet after a long day of playing. When you don't use it, just combine ottoman with chair. It extremely save your room space. It is ideal for any children bedroom or playroom! The comfortable material makes the children enjoy sitting. Get one for your kids. They will love it!

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Tue., May 31, 2016, 12:46 p.m. WASHINGTON – After carefully avoiding any involvement in the Democratic presidential primary, California Gov. Jerry Brown dropped his neutrality – and looked past his bitter history with the Clintons – to endorse Hillary Clinton on Tuesday. In an open letter to Democrats and independents, Brown urged voters who do not want to see a Donald Trump presidency to stop the infighting and rally behind Clinton, the Democratic front-runner. Brown said Clinton has made a persuasive case that she is capable of pushing forward a progressive agenda, and her lead over rival Bernie Sanders is so large at this point that the insurgent Vermonter no longer stands any realistic chance of winning the nomination. The endorsement comes as a recent poll showed Sanders and Clinton in a dead heat in California, which holds its primary June 7. Clinton cut short a planned campaign swing through New Jersey so she could get back to California by Thursday and hit the stump for several days. It was that year that Brown played a role not unlike the role Sanders is playing now, running as the outsider against the establishment, demanding the Democratic Party move in a more leftward direction and refusing to yield to the front-runner at a time party leaders were eager for unity. The uneasiness still had not subsided by the time Brown had launched his campaign for governor, in 2010. His GOP rival at the time, Meg Whitman, quoted Bill Clinton to make her case that Brown had raised taxes during his first stint as governor. Brown responded by pointing out that Bill Clinton lied about his philandering in the White House, mocking Clinton's notorious "I did not have sexual relations with that woman" line. Brown later apologized. And Bill Clinton ultimately endorsed his gubernatorial bid that year. The governor worked hard to stay on the sidelines after Hillary Clinton launched her White House bid last year. But he eventually invited former President Clinton to visit him in the refurbished governor's mansion. The two denied talking about Hillary Clinton's White House run, but they didn't need to have that conversation. It was obvious that was why they were burying the hatchet. There are any number of reasons why it is a smart move, politically, for Brown to throw his support behind Clinton at this point, regardless of whether animosity between the two big personalities remains. California needs an ally in the White House. The Sanders run has become quixotic. Trump's agenda could be more disruptive to California than any other state. The presumptive GOP nominee is looking to roll back many of the California policies that Brown's legacy has been built on, particularly those involving rights for migrant workers and combating climate change. Trump "has called climate change a 'hoax,'" Brown warned in his letter. "He has promised to deport millions of immigrants and ominously suggested that other countries may need the nuclear bomb. "I want to be sure it is Hillary Clinton who takes the oath of office, not Donald Trump," Brown wrote. Published: May 31, 2016, 12:46 p.m.

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Now Get Upto 45% Off On Women's Handpicked Outfits Collection As Display On The Deal Page. No Coupon Code Required To Get This Offer. Products Listed Are Already Discounted & May Vary From Product To Product. Visit The Landing Page For More Details.

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Список населённых пунктов, существовавших на территории Старицкого района Тверской области России. Литература Тверская деревня. Старицкий район: Энциклопедия российских деревень. — Старица, 2007. ISBN 978-5-91229-007-7 (Издательство «Старицкая типография»). Старицкий

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Marvel and Capcom Square Off on Xbox Live Arcade! It's about damn time. Arguably one of the most popular titles among hardcore fighting game fanatics, Marvel Vs. Capcom 2 is now available on Xbox Live Arcade. The cost? 1200 Microsoft Points ($15.00). The updated title features competitive online play, widescreen support and enhanced HD graphics. But why is this re-release of a nine-year-old game so hotly anticipated? That can probably be attributed to its robust character roster, featuring 56 fighters from the Marvel and Capcom ranks, pitting Street Fighter brawlers such as Ryu, Chun-Li and Guile against comic book icons such as Spider-Man, Captain America and Iron Man. Coupled with three-on-three tag-team gameplay and a control scheme that is as simple to learn as it is difficult to master, it's easy to see why Xbox 360 owners have been clamoring for an update. If you're a longtime fan and aren't too keen on spending more cash on a game you already own, consider that Capcom is likely testing the waters to see if the demand is there for a brand-new third game. After Street Fighter IV turned out better than we were all expecting, I think we can all get behind the idea of more Capcom fighting goodness. PlayStation 3 owners will be able to purchase the title through the Playstation Network on August 13. Posted at 11:20 AM Labels: Capcom, Marvel Comics, Street Fighter, Xbox 360, Xbox Live Confirmed: Ridley Scott Returns to Direct Alien Pr... Star Wars Concert Series Begins October 1 Stark Raving Mad: Iron Man Steals the Show at Comi... Gary Oldman Says Next Batman Film Could Begin Shoo... Sam Raimi to Direct World of Warcraft Film Watchmen: Director's Cut Arrives on DVD and Blu-ray Latest Harry Potter Sequel Breaks Midnight Sales R... Natalie Portman Cast in Thor Movie Ryan Reynolds Is Green Lantern in Upcoming Film Do You Like Your Toast on the Dark Side? Spider-Man 4 Script Changes Hands Once Again Ice Age 3 Ties Transformers 2 Over Holiday Weekend Okay, Now They're Doing a View-Master Movie Live-Action Star Wars TV Show Enters Pre-Productio... Universal Wins Bidding War Over Asteroids Adaptation Sigourney Weaver Has No Plans to Appear in Upcomin...

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StorageReserve.com provides updated information on self storage facilities in Mt. Adams, OH. Learn more about a Mt. Adams self storage by clicking "view details," or enter a new zip code in the search box below to search again.

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This page is used to document any issues I ran into personally when following the tutorial available at purplehat.org. Portupgrade is a nice command to have around, and also installs portversion. Running portversion -v | grep '<' after updating your tree gives you a list of all updates that can be installed. Portmaster is my personal choice for updating all the ports. Aide is FreeBSD's equivalent to Linux's tripwire, and keeps track of any system files that get edited. Installing the above ports will also get Perl installed as a dependancy, so you get that out of the way right away. Of course any of these can be installed as packages, but force of habit has me compiling them, and I seem to have less issues then the old RPM days. At this point, I followed the tutorial verbatim, and ran into only a couple of minor issues. The first issue was with FuzzyOCR. When I got to Maia, and running the configtest.pl and configtest.php scripts, one of them complained that gifinter was not installed. A quick look on Google showed that gifinter had been deprecated, and wasn't coming back any time soon. I then noted that the command convert with the -interlace attribute did the same thing, so I wrote a wrapper in perl, saved it as gifinter, and the configtests were happy. The second issue I found was that after starting all the services, I still wasn't getting any inbound email. I was able to connect using a mail client through Dovecot, but something was amiss. After poking around and reading cryptic log messages, I was put into the right direction, and noted that even though starting maiad did not generate any errors, it wasn't running. Pumping up the log level on maiad to 5, and I was able to discover that maiad was complaining that 2 directories did not exist in /var/maiad (I believe the directories were /var & /tmp). Once the directories were created, and ownership and the permissions set properly, maiad started without any issues, and a quick ps -aux confirmed they were running. I'm still having issues getting system email forwarded from the local root account to my Inbox, but I think it might be a byproduct of my running bind99 on the same server, and having some type of DNS issue. I will report back once I get it sorted.

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Q: What's the best way to lay out a React/webpack project with an API backend? I'm a little late to the party, but I'm just getting started with React. I have a base project that I'm serving with webpack-dev-server, but now I need to actually get data for it. My chosen API is Strava. I'm trying to use the recommended API wrapper for node, but I've come to a point where I don't want to expose my API keys and know that I need to create my own API endpoints. I was about to start creating an Express server to quickly create these endpoints, but I feel like there might be something that I'm missing. * *Is there a better way to go about this with webpack/webpack-dev-server? *If I want this working on the internet, I know that I'll need at least one node instance running to serve my API endpoints; I just want to make sure there's not some super-simple, possibly webpack-based (to keep everything in the same family) solution that I could then, later, just deploy on a ready-made node server. My assumption is that I'll just be better off creating two projects: * *Static content (currently webpacked and served with webpack-dev-server for development) *Express server for API-wrapping. If that's the case, is there a simple way to point hook Express up with my static project (everything webpack does is sent out to an /app/dist directory) for production deployment?

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Via Seating, Inc had an older site that was built in such a way, even under WordPress, where Via could not make changes to their own site easily and effortlessly. We rebuilt the site with the help of their own graphics designer to give a more modern feel and make it easier to add products, information, updates, and anything else that they want. We also developed a "smart" form for their sales reps to order literature. This build included the input of numerous chairs, images, and pages and took over three months to build.

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A side portion of the 1991 VHS box set of nine volumes Geoffrey C. Ward Voices of Sam Waterston George Plimpton Paul Roebling George Black Christopher Murney Charley McDowell Shelby Foote Terry Courier Jody Powell Narrated by No. of seasons Allen Moore Buddy Squires Paul Barnes Bruce Shaw Tricia Reidy 690 minutes/11 hours 30 minutes (9 episodes) Kenneth Lauren Burns Productions (Florentine Films), WETA-TV September 23 (1990-09-23) – September 27, 1990 (1990-09-27) Production website The Civil War is a 1990 American television documentary miniseries created by Ken Burns about the American Civil War. It was the first broadcast to air on PBS for five consecutive nights, from September 23 to 27, 1990. More than 39 million viewers tuned in to at least one episode, and viewership averaged more than 14 million viewers each evening, making it the most-watched program ever to air on PBS. It was awarded more than 40 major television and film honors. A companion book to the documentary was released shortly after the series aired.[1] Its filmography was groundbreaking for the time, and spawned film techniques such as the Ken Burns effect. Its theme song, "Ashokan Farewell" is widely acclaimed. The series was extremely influential, and serves as the main source of knowledge about the Civil War to many Americans. However, it is criticized for its historical accuracy, especially its lack of coverage of slavery as a cause of the war. The series was rebroadcast in June 1994[2] as a lead-up to Baseball, then remastered for its 12th anniversary in 2002, although it remained in standard definition resolution. To commemorate the film's 25th anniversary and the 150th anniversary of Lincoln's assassination, the film underwent a complete digital restoration to high-definition format in 2015. Mathew Brady's photographs inspired Burns to make The Civil War, which (in nine episodes totaling more than 10 hours) explores the war's military, social, and political facets through some 16,000 contemporary photographs and paintings, and excerpts from the letters and journals of persons famous and obscure. The series' slow zooming and panning across still images was later termed the "Ken Burns effect". Burns combined these images with modern cinematography, music, narration by David McCullough, anecdotes and insights from authors such as Shelby Foote,[3] historians Barbara J. Fields, Ed Bearss, and Stephen B. Oates; and actors reading contemporary quotes from historical figures such as Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Walt Whitman, Stonewall Jackson, and Frederick Douglass, as well as diaries by Mary Boykin Chesnut, Samuel R. Watkins, Elisha Hunt Rhodes and George Templeton Strong and commentary from James W. Symington. A large cast of actors voiced correspondence, memoirs, news articles, and stood in for historical figures from the Civil War. Burns also interviewed Daisy Turner, then a 104-year-old daughter of an ex-slave, whose poetry features prominently in the series. Turner died in February 1988, a full two-and-a-half years before the series aired. Production ran five years. The film was co-produced by Ken's brother Ric Burns, written by Geoffrey C. Ward and Ric Burns, edited by Paul Barnes with cinematography by Buddy Squires. It was funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The theme song of the documentary is the instrumental "Ashokan Farewell", which is heard twenty-five times during the film. The song was composed by Jay Ungar in 1982 and he describes it as "the song coming out of 'a sense of loss and longing' after the annual Ashokan Music & Dance Camps ended."[4] It is the only modern piece of music heard in the film, and subsequently became the first ever single release for the Elektra Nonesuch label, which released the series' soundtrack album.[5] It became so closely associated with the series that people frequently and erroneously believe it was a Civil War song. Ungar, his band Fiddle Fever and pianist Jacqueline Schwab performed this song and many of the other 19th-century songs used in the film.[6][7] Schwab's arrangements in particular have been acclaimed by many critics. Musicologist Alexander Klein wrote: "Upon watching the full documentary, one is immediately struck by the lyricism of Schwab's playing and, more importantly, her exceptional arranging skills. What had been originally rousing and at times bellicose songs such as the southern "Bonnie Blue Flag" or the northern "Battle Cry of Freedom" now suddenly sounded like heart-warming, lyrical melodies due to Schwab's interpretations. The pianist not only changed the songs' original mood but also allowed herself some harmonic liberties so as to make these century-old marching tunes into piano lamentations that contemporary audiences could fully identify with".[8] A major piece of vocal music in the series is a version of the old spiritual "We Are Climbing Jacob's Ladder", performed a cappella by the African-American singer, scholar and activist Bernice Johnson Reagon and several other female voices. The song appears on Reagon's album River of Life. Narrated by David McCullough Sam Waterston as Abraham Lincoln Julie Harris as Mary Boykin Chesnut Jason Robards as Ulysses S. Grant Morgan Freeman as Frederick Douglass and others Paul Roebling as Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain Garrison Keillor as Walt Whitman and others George Black as Robert E. Lee Arthur Miller as William Tecumseh Sherman and others Christopher Murney as Elisha Hunt Rhodes Charley McDowell as Samuel R. Watkins Horton Foote as Jefferson Davis George Plimpton as George Templeton Strong Philip Bosco as Horace Greeley Terry Courier as George B. McClellan Jody Powell as Stonewall Jackson and others Studs Terkel as Benjamin Butler and others Hoyt Axton as various John Hartford as various Colleen Dewhurst as various Shelby Foote as various Ronnie Gilbert as various Jeremy Irons as various Gene Jones as various Derek Jacobi as various Kurt Vonnegut as various Laurence Fishburne (credited as Larry Fishburne) as various Pamela Reed as various M. Emmet Walsh as various Ed Bearss – Military historian and author Barbara J. Fields – Professor of American history at Columbia University Shelby Foote – American writer, journalist, and Civil War historian Stephen Oates – Professor of history at the University of Massachusetts Amherst William Safire – American author, columnist, journalist, and presidential speechwriter James W. Symington – former Congressman Daisy Turner – Daughter of a former plantation slave, oral historian Robert Penn Warren – American poet, novelist, and literary critic Each episode was divided into numerous chapters or vignettes,[7] but each generally had a primary theme or focus (i.e., a specific battle or topic). The series followed a fairly consistent chronological order of history. "The Cause" (1861) September 23, 1990 (1990-09-23)[9] All Night Forever; Are We Free?; A House Divided; The Meteor; Secessionitis; 4:30 a.m. April 12, 1861; Traitors and Patriots; Gun Men; Manassas; A Thousand Mile Front; Honorable Manhood "A Very Bloody Affair" (1862) September 24, 1990 (1990-09-24)[10] Politics; Ironclads; Lincolnites; The Peninsula; Our Boy; Shiloh; The Arts of Death; Republics; On to Richmond "Forever Free" (1862) September 24, 1990 (1990-09-24)[10] Stonewall; The Beast; The Seven Days; Kiss Daniel for Me; Saving the Union; Antietam; The Higher Object "Simply Murder" (1863) September 25, 1990 (1990-09-25)[11] Northern Lights; Oh! Be Joyful; The Kingdom of Jones; Under the Shade of the Trees; A Dust-Covered Man "The Universe of Battle" (1863) September 25, 1990 (1990-09-25)[11] Gettysburg: The First Day; Gettysburg: The Second Day; Gettysburg: The Third Day; She Ranks Me; Vicksburg; Bottom Rail on Top; The River of Death; A New Birth of Freedom "Valley of the Shadow of Death" (1864) September 26, 1990 (1990-09-26)[12] Grant; Lee; In the Wilderness; Move By the Left Flank; Now, Fix Me; The Remedy "Most Hallowed Ground" (1864) September 26, 1990 (1990-09-26)[12] A Warm Place in the Field; Nathan Bedford Forrest; Summer, 1864; Spies; The Crater; Headquarters U.S.A.; The Promised Land; The Age of Shoddy; Can Those Be Men?; The People's Resolution; Most Hallowed Ground "War Is All Hell" (1865) September 27, 1990 (1990-09-27)[13] Sherman's March; The Breath of Emancipation; Died of a Theory; Washington, March 4, 1865; I Want to See Richmond; Appomattox "The Better Angels of Our Nature" (1865) September 27, 1990 (1990-09-27)[13] Assassination; Useless, Useless; The Picklocks of Biographers; Was It Not Real? Reception and awards The series received more than forty major film and television awards, including two Emmy Awards, two Grammy Awards, Producer of the Year Award from the Producers Guild of America, People's Choice Award, Peabody Award, duPont-Columbia Award, D.W. Griffith Award, and the US$50,000 Lincoln Prize, among dozens of others. The series sparked a major renewal of interest in the Civil War. It was widely acclaimed for its skillful depiction and retelling of the Civil War events, and also for drawing huge numbers of viewers into a new awareness of the historical importance of the conflict. Prior to the series, the Civil War had receded in popular historical consciousness since its 1960s centennial. Following the series, there was a sharp upturn in popular books and other works about the Civil War.[14] Robert Brent Toplin in 1996 wrote Ken Burns's The Civil War: Historians Respond, which included essays from critical academic historians who felt their topics of interest were not covered in enough detail and responses from Ken Burns and others involved in the series' production. The series has been criticized for perceived historical inaccuracies, since it focuses mostly on the battles of the Civil War to the detriment of other areas. Some also believe it provides a weak or faulty explanation of the causes of the war. While many historians believe that the war was fought to end slavery, Burns presented Shelby Foote's framing of that dispute as a "failure to compromise". Though Foote was a journalist and novelist rather than a trained historian, he was given more screen time than any other commentator. The fact that Burns himself was not a historian, nor were most of his production team, has similarly led to accusations that his series did not contain a thorough enough historical overview of its subject. That most of them were also white men has also been fingered for a lack of coverage of women, blacks, or Reconstruction. The series has also been criticized for propagating the Lost Cause of the Confederacy ideology. Because Burns's documentary has been so influential, and serves as the main source of knowledge about the Civil War for many Americans, some critics fear it has perpetuated this discredited view.[15][16] Remastering The entire series was digitally remastered for re-release on September 17, 2002 in VHS and DVD by PBS Home Video and Warner Home Video. The DVD release included a short documentary on how a Spirit DataCine was used to transfer and remaster the film.[17] The remastering was limited to producing an improved fullscreen standard-definition digital video of the film's interpositive negatives, for broadcast and DVD. The soundtrack was also re-mastered and remixed in 5.1 Dolby Digital AC3 surround sound. Paul Barnes, Editor & Post-Production Supervisor, Florentine Films at that time commented: Ken Burns and I decided to remaster The Civil War for several reasons. First of all, when we completed the film in 1989, we were operating under a very tight schedule and budget. As the main editor on the film, I always wanted to go back and improve the overall quality of the film. The other reason for remastering the film at this time is that the technology to color correct, print and transfer a film to video for broadcast has vastly improved, especially in the realm of digital computer technology... We also were able to eliminate a great deal of the dust and dirt that often get embedded into 16mm film when it is printed. For the 150th anniversary of the end of the war, and the 25th anniversary of the series, PBS remastered the series in high definition. This work involved creating a new 4K ultra-high-definition digital master of the film's original camera negatives and was carried out in association with the George Eastman House, where the original 16mm negatives are preserved. It aired on PBS from September 7 to 11, 2015.[18] Blu-ray and DVD editions were released on October 13, 2015. A soundtrack featuring songs from the miniseries, many of which were songs popular during the Civil War, has been released. "Drums of War" Old Bethpage Brass Band 0:10 "Oliver Wendell Holmes" Paul Roebling 0:32 "Ashokan Farewell" Jay Ungar, Matt Glaser, Evan Stover, Russ Barenburg, Molly Mason 4:05 "Battle Cry of Freedom" Jacqueline Schwab 1:40 "We Are Climbing Jacob's Ladder" Bernice Johnson Reagon 4:27 "Dixie" / "Bonnie Blue Flag" New American Brass Band 1:57 "Cheer Boys Cheer" New American Brass Band 1:12 "Angel Band" Barenburg, Jesse Carr 1:07 "Johnny Has Gone for a Soldier" Schwab, Carr 1:44 "Lorena" Ungar, Carr 1:44 "Parade" New American Brass Band 3:30 "Hail, Columbia" New American Brass Band 2:06 "Dixie" (reprise, lament) Bobby Horton 2:06 "Kingdom Coming" Glaser, Stover, Ungar, Art Baron, Mason 1:01 "Battle Hymn of the Republic" Ungar, Schwab 1:38 "All Quiet on the Potomac" Schwab 1:12 "Flag of Columbia" Schwab 1:03 "Weeping Sad and Lonely" Glasser, Schwab, Carr 1:10 "Yankee Doodle" Old Bethpage Brass Band 0:41 "Palmyra Schottische" New American Brass Band 3:30 "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" Old Bethpage Brass Band 0:45 "Shenandoah" John Levy, John Colby 0:47 "When Johnny Comes Marching Home" (reprise) Ungar, Yonatin Malin, Schwab, Mason, Peter Amidon 1:00 "Marching Through Georgia" Ungar, Mason, Amidon 0:57 "Marching Through Georgia" (reprise, lament) Schwab 1:14 "Battle Cry of Freedom" (reprise) Schwab 2:33 "Battle Hymn of the Republic" (reprise) Abyssianian Baptist Choir 3:22 "Ashokan Farewell" / "Sullivan Ballou letter" Ungar, Roebling, David McCullough 3:34 The War, World War II documentary miniseries by Ken Burns The Vietnam War, Vietnam War documentary series by Ken Burns Still image film Lost Cause of the Confederacy ^ Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ric; Burns, Ken (1992) [First published 1991]. The Civil War: An Illustrated History. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0679742777. ^ "'The Civil War', 'Gettysburg' capture history". Southern Illonoisan. June 25, 1994. Retrieved June 2, 2018. ^ "'Civil War' audience 'discovers' storyteller-writer Shelby Foote". TV Today. The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 25, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ "The Civil War . The Film . Music of the Civil War". pbs.org. ^ DiMartino, Dave. "Instrumental Soundtracks Chime In." Billboard magazine, 16 February 1991, p. 55. ^ Ashokan FAQ Archived February 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine ^ a b "The Civil War . The Film . Episode Descriptions". pbs.org. ^ Alexander Klein, "Scoring Ken Burns' Civil War: An Interview with Pianist Jacqueline Schwab"Film Score Monthly, April 2013. ^ "Sunday Prime Time Television Listings". The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 22, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ a b "Monday Prime Time Television Listings". The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 24, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ a b "Tuesday Prime Time Television Listings". The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 25, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ a b "Wednesday Prime Time Television Listings". The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 26, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ a b "Thursday Prime Time Television Listings". The Milwaukee Sentinel. September 27, 1990. Retrieved July 1, 2013. ^ Thanks a Lot, Ken Burns, by James M. Lundberg, Salon. com, June 7, 2011. ^ "Debate over Ken Burns Civil War doc continues over decades | The Spokesman-Review". www.spokesman.com. Retrieved May 4, 2020. ^ Merritt, Keri Leigh. "Why We Need a New Civil War Documentary". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved May 4, 2020. ^ "Why we decided to Re-master The Civil War". PBS. ^ Patrick Kevin Day (April 9, 2015). "PBS to air remastered version of Ken Burns' 'The Civil War'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 2, 2015. PBS: The Civil War The Civil War at IMDb Alexander Klein's interview with pianist Jacqueline Schwab americanarchive.org Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Civil War (miniseries) Brooklyn Bridge (1981) The Shakers: Hands to Work, Hearts to God (1984) The Statue of Liberty (1985) Huey Long (1985) The Congress (1988) Thomas Hart Benton (1988) The Civil War (1990) Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio (1991) Lewis & Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery (1997) Frank Lloyd Wright (1998) Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony (1999) Jazz (2001) Mark Twain (2001) Horatio's Drive: America's First Road Trip (2003) Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson (2004) The War (2007) The National Parks: America's Best Idea (2009) The Tenth Inning (2010) Prohibition (2011) The Dust Bowl (2012) The Central Park Five (2012) Yosemite: A Gathering of Spirit (2013) The Address (2014) The Roosevelts: An Intimate History (2014) Jackie Robinson (2016) Defying the Nazis: The Sharps' War (2016) The Vietnam War (2017) The Mayo Clinic: Faith - Hope - Science (2018) Hemingway (2021) Muhammad Ali (2021) As writer Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies (2015) The West (1996) Sarah Burns (daughter) Ric Burns (brother) Dayton Duncan Lynn Novick Geoffrey Ward Ken Burns effect Awards for The Civil War Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special Informational Series (1978, 1981–1997) The Body Human (1978) Steve Allen's Meeting of Minds (1981) Creativity with Bill Moyers (1982) The Barbara Walters Specials (1983) A Walk Through the 20th Century with Bill Moyers (1984) The Living Planet (1985) Laurence Olivier: A Life (Great Performances) / Planet Earth (1986) Smithsonian World / Unknown Chaplin (American Masters) (1987) Buster Keaton: A Hard Act to Follow (American Masters) / Nature (1988) Smithsonian World (1990) MGM: When Lions Roared (1992) Healing and the Mind with Bill Moyers (1993) Later with Bob Costas (1994) Baseball / TV Nation (1995) Time Life's Lost Civilizations (1996) Biography / The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century (1997) Informational Special The Great Whales: National Geographic Special (1978) The Body Human: The Bionic Breakthrough (198!) The Making of Raiders of the Lost Ark (1982) The Body Human: The Living Code (1983) America Remembers John F. Kennedy (1984) Cousteau: Mississippi (1985) W.C. Fields: Straight Up (1986) Agnes, the Indomitable DeMille (Great Performances) (1987) Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam (1988) Lillian Gish: The Actor's Life for Me (American Masters) (1989) Bob Fosse: Steam Heat (Great Performances) / Broadway's Dreamers: The Legacy of the Group Theatre (American Masters) (1990) Edward R. Murrow: This Reporter (American Masters) (1991) Abortion: Desperate Choices (1992) Lucy and Desi: A Home Movie (1993) I Am a Promise: The Children of Stanton Elementary School (1994) One Survivor Remembers / Taxicab Confessions (1995) Survivors of the Holocaust (1996) National Geographic Special: Tigers of the Snow / Without Pity: A Film About Abilities (1997) Informational Program Scared Straight! (1979) The Body Human: The Magic Sense (1980) Informational Series or Special Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown / Inside the Actors Studio (2013) Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown / Vice (2014) Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown (2015) Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath (2017) Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special Stanley Tucci: Searching for Italy (2021) Between 1998–2012, the award was bestowed as Outstanding Nonfiction Series. Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album 1959−1980 The Best of the Stan Freberg Shows – Stan Freberg (1959) Lincoln Portrait – Carl Sandburg (1960) FDR Speaks – Robert Bialek (producer) (1961) Humor in Music – Leonard Bernstein (1962) The Story-Teller: A Session with Charles Laughton – Charles Laughton (1963) Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? – Edward Albee (playwright) (1964) BBC Tribute to John F. Kennedy – That Was the Week That Was (1965) John F. Kennedy: As We Remember Him – Goddard Lieberson (producer) (1966) Edward R. Murrow - A Reporter Remembers, Vol. I: The War Years – Edward R. Murrow (1967) Gallant Men – Everett Dirksen (1968) Lonesome Cities – Rod McKuen (1969) We Love You Call Collect – Art Linkletter & Diane Linkletter (1970) Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam – Martin Luther King Jr. (1971) Desiderata – Les Crane (1972) Lenny – Bruce Botnick (producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1973) Jonathan Livingston Seagull – Richard Harris (1974) Good Evening – Peter Cook and Dudley Moore (1975) Give 'em Hell, Harry! – James Whitmore (1976) Great American Documents – Henry Fonda, Helen Hayes, James Earl Jones and Orson Welles (1977) The Belle of Amherst – Julie Harris (1978) Citizen Kane (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – Orson Welles (1979) Ages of Man: Readings from Shakespeare – John Gielgud (1980) Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein – Pat Carroll (1981) Donovan's Brain – Orson Welles (1982) Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Movie on Record – Tom Voegeli (producer) and Various Artists (1983) Lincoln Portrait – William Warfield (1984) The Words of Gandhi – Ben Kingsley (1985) Ma Rainey's Black Bottom – Mike Berniker (producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1986) Interviews from the Class of '55 Recording Sessions – Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, Chips Moman, Ricky Nelson, Roy Orbison, Carl Perkins and Sam Phillips (1987) Lake Wobegon Days – Garrison Keillor (1988) Speech by Rev. Jesse Jackson – Jesse Jackson (1989) It's Always Something – Gilda Radner (1990) Gracie: A Love Story – George Burns (1991) The Civil War – Ken Burns (1992) What You Can Do to Avoid AIDS – Earvin "Magic" Johnson and Robert O'Keefe (1993) On the Pulse of Morning – Maya Angelou (1994) Get in the Van – Henry Rollins (1995) Phenomenal Woman – Maya Angelou (1996) It Takes a Village – Hillary Clinton (1997) Charles Kuralt's Spring – Charles Kuralt (1998) Still Me – Christopher Reeve (1999) The Autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. – LeVar Burton (2000) The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography – Sidney Poitier, Rick Harris & John Runnette (producers) (2001) Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones – Quincy Jones, Jeffrey S. Thomas, Steven Strassman (engineers) and Elisa Shokoff (producer) (2002) A Song Flung Up to Heaven – Maya Angelou and Charles B. Potter (producer) (2003) Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them – Al Franken and Paul Ruben (producer) (2004) My Life – Bill Clinton (2005) Dreams from My Father – Barack Obama (2006) Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis – Jimmy Carter / With Ossie and Ruby – Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee (2007) The Audacity of Hope – Barack Obama and Jacob Bronstein (producer) (2008) An Inconvenient Truth by Al Gore – Beau Bridges, Cynthia Nixon and Blair Underwood (2009) Always Looking Up – Michael J. Fox (2010) The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Presents Earth (The Audiobook) – Jon Stewart (2011) If You Ask Me (And of Course You Won't) – Betty White (2012) Society's Child – Janis Ian (2013) America Again: Re-becoming the Greatness We Never Weren't – Stephen Colbert (2014) Diary of a Mad Diva – Joan Rivers (2015) A Full Life: Reflections at 90 – Jimmy Carter (2016) In Such Good Company: Eleven Years of Laughter, Mayhem, and Fun in the Sandbox – Carol Burnett (2017) The Princess Diarist – Carrie Fisher (2018) Faith: A Journey for All – Jimmy Carter (2019) Becoming – Michelle Obama (2020) 2021−present Blowout: Corrupted Democracy, Rogue State Russia, and the Richest, Most Destructive Industry on Earth – Rachel Maddow (2021) TCA Award for Program of the Year The Jewel in the Crown (1985) Death of a Salesman / The Vanishing Family: Crisis in Black America (1986) Eyes on the Prize (1987) Lonesome Dove (1989) Twin Peaks (1990) Northern Exposure (1992) Barbarians at the Gate (1993) Late Show with David Letterman (1994) ER (1995) Homicide: Life on the Street (1996) EZ Streets (1997) From the Earth to the Moon (1998) The Sopranos (1999) The West Wing (2000) American Idol (2003) Desperate Housewives (2005) Grey's Anatomy (2006) Glee (2010) Game of Thrones (2012) Empire (2015) The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (2016) The Handmaid's Tale (2017) The Americans (2018) Fleabag (2019) Watchmen (2020) TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries and Specials The Burning Bed (1985) Live Aid (1986) Robin Williams: An Evening at the Met (1987) What's Alan Watching? (1989) Sammy Davis Jr.'s 60th Anniversary Celebration (1990) Billy Crystal – 64th Academy Awards (1992) Fallen Champ: The Untold Story of Mike Tyson (1993) Prime Suspect III (1994) Bastard out of Carolina (1996) Joan of Arc (1999) The Corner (2000) Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows (2001) The Office: Christmas Special (2005) No Direction Home (2006) Planet Earth (2007) John Adams (2008) Grey Gardens (2009) The Pacific (2010) Sherlock (2011) Downton Abbey, series 2 (2012) Behind the Candelabra (2013) True Detective, season 1 (2014) The Jinx: The Life and Deaths of Robert Durst (2015) Big Little Lies (2017) The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story (2018) Chernobyl (2019) Mare of Easttown (2021) Documentary films about the American Civil War Television series about the American Civil War PBS original programming 1990s American documentary television series Films directed by Ken Burns Documentary television series about war Peabody Award-winning television programs

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Gabby Agbonlahor has stood down as Aston Villa captain after apologising for his off the field conduct and on the pitch performances. Agbonlahor used his ga11official Instagram account to get his message across to Villa supporters. It follows a double suspension for the Brummie striker who has made front page headlines for his partying antics during the club's relegation season. "I want to begin with an apology to all Aston Villa fans for my actions in recent weeks, especially at a time when it is devastating for everyone involved with the club. "I have spent 16 years at Aston Villa and played some memorable games. My celebrations and passion, especially in games against local rivals shows my loyalty to Aston Villa. I am asking Aston Villa fans for forgiveness as I'm hurting as well despite reports and photos in the press making out otherwise. "I agree my performances this season have not been good enough but I will be working hard to make things right! Up The Villa, Villa Till I Die!"

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Saw this article today: https://opereviews.com/news/ego-goes-pro-ego-commercial-series/ Looks like Q1 2019 availability. More or less the same as the existing European line of pro equipment. Still good to see it make it over here. Now bring the multi-tool brush cutter with it! The pro line has one. Nice find, Matt! Things are looking up for Ego! Right direction, right time. Good to see. Like many of their products first released in Europe and then later to North America.

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Monsanto shareholders approve merger with Bayer By Robert Holly | December 13, 2016 More on Monsanto Subscribe to Monsanto Photo by Robert Holly/Big Ag Watch Monsanto's Chesterfield Village research facility on July 20, 2015. Monsanto shareholders at a special meeting Tuesday voted overwhelmingly in support of the St. Louis-based seed company's $66 billion merger with German pharmaceuticals maker Bayer. About 99 percent of all shareholder votes cast were in favor of the Bayer-Monsanto merger. "We are pleased we received such strong support from our shareowners," Monsanto CEO Hugh Grant said in a statement. "This is an important milestone as we work to combine our two complementary companies and deliver on our shared vision for the future of agriculture." Monsanto shares rose to about $105 following news of shareholder vote. Under updated terms of the merger agreement, Monsanto shareholders will receive $128 per share in cash at the closing of the merger. Bayer shareholders do not have to vote on the deal with Monsanto. See related: "Weeding out the competition: Farmers left paying steep prices as seed firms merge" Officials from Bayer and Monsanto say the proposed deal will benefit global agriculture by effectively combining resources from Monsanto, a seed powerhouse, with those from Bayer, a leader in farm chemicals. "The acquisition of Monsanto is driven by our strong belief that this combination can held address the growing challenges facing farmers and the overall agriculture industry today and in the future," Bayer AG CEO Werner Baumann said. "Together, Bayer and Monsanto will be able to offer the new, innovative solutions that our customers need." Although shareholders voted in support of the merger deal, Monsanto and Bayer still need to gain various regulatory approvals from dozens of different international jurisdictions such as the European Union. Critics fear the deal will lead to diminished innovation in the global seeds and agrochemicals industries. According to research from Texas A&M University, a combined Bayer-Monsanto would control about 70 percent of the U.S. cotton seed market, for example. Iowa Republican Senator Chuck Grassley has repeatedly called for regulators to review the deal with careful scrutiny. Despite concerns, the companies expect the deal — which is the largest-ever takeover of a U.S. company by a German firm — to close by the end of 2017. Washington becomes first state to sue Monsanto for chemical contamination, cleanup costs Five stories that revealed the impact of big agribusiness

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Andy began his career with Bonland in June 1979. Over the course of his career he has held positions as a Field Engineer, Plant Manager, Production Manager, Branch Manager, VP of Manufacturing, and Executive VP. Currently, he is the President and a Principal of the Company. Linda joined Bonland in 1978. Over the course of her employment, she has held various positions. Currently, Linda is the Executive Vice President and oversees departments that support our branch operations. They include Accounting, Estimating, Design Services, Human Resources, Information Systems, Purchasing, and Safety. Dan began his career with Bonland in March of 1980. During his career, he has worked in the Drafting, Production, Field, and Project Management departments. Currently, he is the Branch Manager of our South Jersey branch. In the 1980's Dan was a part of the Industrial Division responsible for Sales, Estimating, and Drafting as well as managing his own work. He moved to Project Management in the HVAC department in the early 1990's. In 1996 Dan was promoted to Branch Manager and started the South Jersey branch in 1997. He has also served on the Bonland Safety Committee, Strategic Planning Committee, and has been the Head of the Foremen's Advisory Committee since 2012.

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The Cranwells grow Brussels sprouts in South Australia and successfully manage their crop using IPM-friendly practices. They are one of only two remaining Brussels sprouts growers in South Australia, four generations of the family operation and a fifth already working in the business underlines their commitment to the future. Image (L to R): John and Darren make a closer inspection of one of the Brussels sprout crops on the Cranwell's Nairne property. John and his wife, Julie, together with his brother, Robert, and his wife, Joadi, and their children, Erin and Josh, grow about 58 hectares of Brussels sprouts annually over two properties at Nairne and Langhorne Creek. Trading today as AE Cranwell & Sons, the family's market gardening originally commenced with John and Robert's great grandfather, William Henry, in Ashton, nearer to Adelaide. "They were growing sprouts in the '40s, but they were also growing everything else, including cherries, cabbages, lettuces, strawberries and even gooseberries,'' John said. They supply all distribution centres of the major retailers across Australia, as well as wholesale markets. The Brussels sprouts are grown on a three-year land rotation, with 15 different varieties of seedlings from Boomaroo Nurseries transplanted from July to January and harvested from January to August. John said they had to successfully manage the crops for up to seven months. "They are a long lived crop – and it is a vegetable so you have to look after it,'' John said. He said insects had become an increasing factor since resistance to organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides became an issue in the '90s, and required constant monitoring. Greater use of more targeted products today, rather than broad spectrum, had also given rise to secondary pests. Diamondback moth, aphids and thrips are some of the major insects, with massive flights of diamondback moth occurring as canola crops dry-off in broadacre areas. Image: (L to R): Darren and John look over some of the Brussels sprouts seedlings from Boomaroo Nurseries. The Cranwells have long been strong advocates of integrated pest management (IPM) and release parasites against diamondback moth and aphids sourced from James Altman and his team at Biological Services in Loxton. "We release 'beneficials' weekly for the first few months until we get on to chemistry that's not so soft on them,'' John said. He said they were also "sticklers'' for rotating chemistry, especially not using two chemical groups at once. "We like to use Group 28 (insecticides) at periods of peak pressure. With two different properties and multiple blocks, the peak pressure can be at different times and so the products are used at different times, helping maintain the rotation strategy,'' John said. DiPel® biological insecticide, containing the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), is used when insect pressure is light. The systemic and IPM-friendly Group 23 insecticide, Movento®, has been used against aphids and this year, following its registration for control of diamondback moth in brassica vegetables, it was used as an aphid and diamondback moth spray. "We are using Movento after the Bt when the pressure is not that great and the diamondback moth larvae is at an early instar stage – and we have been very happy with it,'' John said. Different to most systemic insecticides, which, after leaf uptake are mainly translocated upwards in the plant's xylem along with water and nutrients, Movento, from Bayer, is translocated in the plant's phloem as well as xylem, resulting in transportation upwards and downwards to plant parts. It can better control sucking pests hiding on covered inner leaves than other insecticides, as well as populations that may have developed resistance to existing registered products. Image (L to R): Bayer Commercial Sales Representative Darren Alexander discusses sprayer set up for the application of Movento insecticide with SA Brussels sprouts grower John Cranwell, Nairne and Langhorne Creek. In addition to aphids and diamondback moth, Movento offers control of silverleaf whitefly. Other than vegetable crops, it can also be used in stone fruit, mangoes, grapes, pome fruit and cotton for control or suppression of a range of pests. It is highly compatible for tank mixing with other products and is "soft'' on most beneficial species when used as directed, including parasitoids, syrphid flies, lacewings, predatory midges, ladybird beetles, predatory bugs and earwigs. "We do two applications of Movento in a row no matter what, with emulsifiable oil and 500-1000 L/ha water rates,'' John said. "It has a unique form of action and is so soft on 'beneficials'. Our IPM specialist was here and said, 'we are not going to release any more – you have thousands of them'. Bayer Commercial Sales Representative Darren Alexander said for diamondback moth, the application rate needed to be increased to 400 mL/ha. John said later, any surviving insects were knocked out by other insecticides including Avatar®, Proclaim® and Success® Neo insecticides. He said the program helped to achieve the final objective of producing clean, green and hard Brussels sprouts that were free of blemish and would last in the fridge for at least two weeks.

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« Ack! Congress writing privacy policies? Promises, promises: what information is being shared with third parties? To conduct research to improve services and develop new services. After awhile, you can almost get lulled into believing these are all just very standard, normal uses of your information. The policies generally use language that makes it all seem very reasonable. "Customize" advertising sounds a lot better than "targeted" advertising. Who wants to be a "target"? New York Times Digital even assures its readers that print subscribers' information will be sold to "reputable companies" that offer marketing info or products through direct mail, which sounds wonderfully quaint. But what I find most interesting is the way many companies admit that they do share information with third parties. The crucial issue, then, is how "personal information" is defined. And as I described in my last blog post, the definition of "personal information" varies widely from company to company. When the definition can vary so much, the promise not to share "personal information" isn't an easy one to understand. For example, Google's promise not to share "sensitive personal information": it's "information we know to be related to confidential medical information, racial or ethnic origins, political or religious beliefs or sexuality and tied to personal information." Does that mean that my search queries for B-list celebrities are fair game? Given the varying definitions of "personal" that are used, the strong declaration that my "personal information" will generally not be shared is not, ultimately, a very comforting one. At the same time, many of these companies admit that they will share "aggregate" or "anonymous" information collected from you. But they don't explain what they've done to make that information "anonymous." As we know from AOL's debacle, a company's promise that information has been made anonymous is no guarantee that it'll stay anonymous. (a) your Internet Protocol (IP) address; (b) the address of the last URL you visited prior to clicking through to the Site; (c) your browser and platform type (e.g., a Netscape browser on a Macintosh platform); (d) your browser language; (e) the data in any undeleted cookies that your browser previously accepted from us; and (f) the search queries you submit. For example, when you submit a query, we transmit it (and some of the related information described above) to our paid listing providers in order to obtain relevant advertising to display in response to your query. We may merge information about you into group data, which may then be shared on an aggregated basis with our advertisers. Ask Network also goes on to promise that that third-parties will not be allowed to "make" the information personal, explicitly acknowledging that the difference between personal and not-personal is not a hard, bright line. We at CDP don't really care whether IP addresses are included in the "personal information" category or not. What we really want to see are honest, meaningful promises about user privacy. We would like to see organizations offer choices to users about how specific pieces of data about them are stored and shared, rather than simply make broad promises about "personal information," as defined by that company. It may turn out that "personal" and "anonymous" are categories that are so difficult to define, we'll have to come up with new terminology that is more descriptive and informative. This entry was posted on Friday, May 8th, 2009 at 10:46 am and is filed under Protecting Privacy in Meaningful Ways. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.

{ "redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4" }

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/* * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.gbif.checklistbank.nub; import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch; import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap; import com.google.common.collect.Lists; import com.google.common.collect.Sets; import org.gbif.api.model.checklistbank.NameUsage; import org.gbif.api.vocabulary.*; import org.gbif.checklistbank.cli.model.GraphFormat; import org.gbif.checklistbank.cli.model.RankedName; import org.gbif.checklistbank.cli.nubbuild.NubConfiguration; import org.gbif.checklistbank.iterable.CloseableIterator; import org.gbif.checklistbank.iterable.StreamUtils; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.Labels; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.NeoProperties; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.RelType; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.UsageDao; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.traverse.StartEndHandler; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.traverse.Traversals; import org.gbif.checklistbank.neo.traverse.TreeWalker; import org.gbif.checklistbank.nub.model.NubUsage; import org.gbif.checklistbank.nub.model.SrcUsage; import org.gbif.checklistbank.nub.source.*; import org.gbif.checklistbank.utils.NameParsers; import org.gbif.checklistbank.utils.SciNameNormalizer; import org.gbif.nub.lookup.straight.IdLookupImpl; import org.gbif.nub.lookup.straight.LookupUsage; import org.gbif.utils.ObjectUtils; import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension; import org.neo4j.graphdb.Direction; import org.neo4j.graphdb.Node; import org.neo4j.graphdb.Relationship; import org.neo4j.graphdb.Transaction; import org.neo4j.helpers.collection.Iterables; import org.neo4j.helpers.collection.Iterators; import javax.annotation.Nullable; import java.io.*; import java.net.URL; import java.text.ParseException; import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; public class NubBuilderIT { public NubConfiguration cfg = new NubConfiguration(); private UsageDao dao; private Transaction tx; @RegisterExtension public static NeoTmpRepoRule neoRepo = new NeoTmpRepoRule(); public static NubConfiguration defaultConfig() { NubConfiguration cfg = new NubConfiguration(); cfg.groupBasionyms = true; cfg.validate = true; cfg.runAssertions = false; cfg.autoImport = false; cfg.neo = neoRepo.cfg; cfg.neo.batchSize = 5000; cfg.clb.parserTimeout = 250; cfg.blacklist = Sets.newHashSet( "Unaccepted", "Calendrella cinerea ongumaensis", // https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/47 "Tricholaema leucomelan namaqua" // https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/46 ); cfg.homonymExclusions = new HashMap<>(); cfg.homonymExclusions.put("Setabis", Lists.newArrayList("Riodinidae")); return cfg; } private static void log(String msg, Object... args) { System.out.println(String.format(msg, args)); } @BeforeEach public void init() { // add shell port (standard is 1337, but already taken on OSX) to open the neo4j shell server for debugging!!! dao = UsageDao.temporaryDao(128); cfg = defaultConfig(); } @AfterEach public void shutdown() { if (tx != null) { tx.close(); } dao.closeAndDelete(); } @Test public void testKingdoms() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.emptySource()); // bad ranks, no source usages should be created assertEquals(Kingdom.values().length, countTaxa()); for (Kingdom k : Kingdom.values()) { NubUsage u = getCanonical(k.scientificName(), Rank.KINGDOM); assertEquals(k.scientificName(), u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals(k.nubUsageID(), (Integer) u.usageKey); NameUsage nu = getUsage(u.node); assertEquals(nu.getScientificName(), u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals(nu.getKey(), (Integer) u.usageKey); } } @Test public void testSourceException() throws Exception { assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, () -> { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.emptySource(); src.submitSources(Lists.<ErrorSource>newArrayList(new ErrorSource())); build(src); }); } public static class ErrorSource extends NubSource { public ErrorSource() { super(UUID.randomUUID(), "Error Dataset", null, true, null); } @Override protected void initNeo(NeoUsageWriter writer) throws Exception { throw new ParseException("I am the chaos monkey", 0); } } /** * The GBIF backbone only accepts mayor linnean ranks above species level. * For infraspecific names we only accept subspecies in zoology, but other ranks can treated as synonyms. * In botany subspecies, variety or form is an accepted rank. */ @Test public void testBackboneRanks() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 1)); // bad ranks, no source usages should be created assertTrue(listCanonical("Lepiota nuda maxima").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Agaricaceaes").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Francisella tularensis rosensis").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Francisella tularensis tularensis").isEmpty()); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/165 */ @Test @Disabled("Manual test to debug memory usage") public void debugNubMemoryUsage() throws Exception { RandomSourceList sources = RandomSourceList.source(3, neoRepo.cfg, 10, 10000); // do a real build build(sources); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/165 */ @Test @Disabled("Manual test to debug memory usage of the nub source only") public void debugSourcesMemory() throws Exception { RandomSourceList sources = RandomSourceList.source(2, neoRepo.cfg, 10, 10000); // just iterate over sources and close them just as the builder does, but do not use them for anything for (NubSource src : sources) { try (CloseableIterator<SrcUsage> iter = src.iterator()) { for (SrcUsage u : Iterators.loop(iter)) { System.out.println(u.key + " -> " + u.scientificName); } } finally { src.close(); } } } /** * Test sources directly without the async loader * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/165 */ @Test @Disabled("Manual test to debug memory usage of the nub source only") public void debugSourcesMemory2() throws Exception { final Random rnd = new Random(); for (int num = 1; num<10000; num++) { Kingdom k = Kingdom.byNubUsageKey(rnd.nextInt(9)); RandomSource src = new RandomSource(10, k, neoRepo.cfg); src.init(true, false); try (CloseableIterator<SrcUsage> iter = src.iterator()) { for (SrcUsage u : Iterators.loop(iter)) { System.out.println(u.key + " -> " + u.scientificName); } } finally { src.close(); } } } @Test public void testUnknownKingdom() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 4)); NubUsage k = assertCanonical(Kingdom.INCERTAE_SEDIS.scientificName(), Rank.KINGDOM, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, null); NubUsage f = assertCanonical("Popeliaceae", Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, k); NubUsage g = assertCanonical("Lepiota", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, f); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, g); } @Test public void testUpdateAuthorship() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 1, 5, 6)); assertCanonical("Lepiota seminuda", "Miller", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda elegans", "DC.", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda nuda", "", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.AUTONYM); assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda europaea", "Döring", Rank.VARIETY, Origin.SOURCE); // families dont use authors! // http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2877 assertCanonical("Agaricaceae", "", Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE); assertTree("1 5 6.txt"); } /** * Worms declares the same species name twice in different subgenera. * One being a synonym of the other. Make sure we only see the accepted species and ignore the synonym which has the exact same name! */ @Test public void testWormsSubgenera() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 43)); NubUsage genus = assertCanonical("Hyalonema", "Gray, 1832", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Hyalonema grandancora", "Lendenfeld, 1915", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, genus); assertTree("43.txt"); } /** * Test using real backbone names to verify synonymization of large families. */ @Test @Disabled("manual verification only") public void testFullFamilies() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 91); src.setSourceRank(91, Rank.CLASS); build(src, new File("/Users/markus/nub-synonyms.txt")); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-398 */ @Test public void testMergeBasionymGroup() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 25, 26); build(src); NubUsage spec = getCanonical("Picris hieracioides", Rank.SPECIES); NubUsage umbella = assertCanonical("Picris hieracioides umbellata", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, spec); NubUsage hieracio = assertCanonical("Picris hieracioides hieracioides", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, spec); NubUsage phu = assertCanonical("Picris hieracioides umbellata", Rank.VARIETY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, umbella); NameUsage u = getUsage(phu.node); assertEquals("Leontodon umbellatus Schrank", u.getBasionym()); assertCanonical("Picris sonchoides", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HETEROTYPIC_SYNONYM, umbella); assertCanonical("Leontodon umbellatus", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, umbella); assertCanonical("Apargia umbellata", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, umbella); assertCanonical("Picris umbellata", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, umbella); assertCanonical("Picris hieracioides sonchoides", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.SYNONYM, umbella); assertTree("25 26.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2812 * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3140 */ @Test public void testOrthographicVariants() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 92, 93); build(src); assertTree("92 93.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3106 */ @Test public void testMissingRecombAuthors() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 94); build(src); assertTree("94.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3065 */ @Test public void testSynonymizedAutonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 95); build(src); assertTree("95.txt"); } @Test public void testConflictingBasionyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 95, 97); build(src); assertTree("95 97.txt"); } @Test public void testConflictingBasionymsFlipped() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 96, 97); build(src); assertTree("96 97.txt"); } @Test public void testConflictingBasionymsOrder() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 96); build(src); assertTree("96.txt"); } @Test public void testPreferAcceptedQualifiedName() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 99); build(src); assertTree("99.txt"); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/180 */ @Test public void testPreferAcceptedQualifiedNameMulitpleSources() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 175, 99); build(src); assertTree("99 175.txt"); } @Test public void testNamesWithSubgenus() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 100); build(src); assertTree("100.txt"); } /** * See http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3147 * http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art46 */ @Test public void testExAuthorSynonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 101); build(src); assertTree("101.txt"); } @Test public void testAutonymHomonym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 102, 103); build(src); assertTree("102 103.txt"); } /** * When list of subspecific names without parents are added we immediately create an implicit name for the species and genus. * When we subsequently then encounter the species name we need to make sure we select the right one if there are multiple. * At least properly accepted ones should be preferred over doubtful ones. */ @Test public void testImplicitNameHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 98); build(src); assertTree("98.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-284 * 4 name pairs each with a diacretic version should result in just 4 distinct nub names. */ @Test public void testDiacriticNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 27); build(src); assertEquals(2, countSpecies()); assertEquals(4, countGenera()); } /** * Make sure explicit basionym i.e. original name usage relations make it into the backbone. * Dataset 21 contains a conflicting basionym for Martes martes, make sure we use the preferred source dataset 20. */ @Test public void testExplicitBasionyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 20, 21); build(src); assertEquals(1, Iterables.count(getCanonical("Mustela martes", Rank.SPECIES).node.getRelationships(RelType.BASIONYM_OF))); assertEquals(1, Iterables.count(getCanonical("Martes martes", Rank.SPECIES).node.getRelationships(RelType.BASIONYM_OF))); NameUsage u = getUsage(getCanonical("Martes martes", Rank.SPECIES).node); assertEquals("Mustela martes Linnaeus, 1758", u.getBasionym()); u = getUsage(getCanonical("Martes markusis", Rank.SPECIES).node); assertEquals("Cellophania markusa Döring, 2001", u.getBasionym()); u = getUsage(getCanonical("Cellophania markusa", Rank.SPECIES).node); assertNull(u.getBasionym()); } /** * Verifies that the backbone patch file in github is in good shape! * https://github.com/gbif/backbone-patch * * This also check the presence of 2 Sagittariidae families, * see https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/123 * * WARNING! requires online access and working github !!! */ @Test public void testBackbonePatch() throws Exception { List<NubSource> ns = new ArrayList<>(); NubSource patch = new DwcaSource("backbone patch", DwcaSourceTest.BACKBONE_PATCH_DWCA, cfg.neo); patch.ignoreRanksAbove = Rank.PHYLUM; patch.supragenericHomonymSource = true; ns.add(patch); NubSource col = new ClasspathSource(146, neoRepo.cfg); // COL hierarchy for 2x Sagittariidae col.ignoreRanksAbove = Rank.KINGDOM; col.supragenericHomonymSource = true; ns.add(col); NubSourceList srcList = new NubSourceList(new NubConfiguration()); srcList.submitSources(ns); build(srcList); // do not assert tree as the patch file changes all the time // make sure we only get 2x Sagittariidae assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Sagittariidae").size()); // 1 Ambrosia only, see https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/143 assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Ambrosia").size()); // 2x Personidae https://github.com/gbif/portal-feedback/issues/3170 assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Personidae").size()); } @Test @Disabled("for manual debugging only. Depends on external resources") public void testExternal() throws Exception { List<NubSource> ns = new ArrayList<>(); NubSource patch = new DwcaSource("Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology", new URL("https://github.com/gbif/iczn-lists/archive/master.zip"), cfg.neo ); //patch.ignoreRanksAbove = Rank.PHYLUM; //patch.supragenericHomonymSource = true; ns.add(patch); NubSourceList srcList = new NubSourceList(new NubConfiguration()); srcList.submitSources(ns); build(srcList); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2786 */ @Test public void testStableIds() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3, 2); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); NubUsage u = getScientific("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); int o1 = u.usageKey; u = getScientific("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); int o2 = u.usageKey; int t1 = getScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Alexander, 1934", Rank.SPECIES).usageKey; int t2 = getScientific("Trichoneura hirtella Napper", Rank.SPECIES).usageKey; int t1p = parentOrAccepted(getScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Alexander, 1934", Rank.SPECIES).node).usageKey; int t2p = parentOrAccepted(getScientific("Trichoneura hirtella Napper", Rank.SPECIES).node).usageKey; int b1 = getScientific("Blattaria P.Miller, 1754", Rank.GENUS).usageKey; int b2 = getScientific("Blattaria O.Kuntze, 1891", Rank.GENUS).usageKey; int b3 = getScientific("Blattaria Voet, 1806", Rank.GENUS).usageKey; int b4 = getScientific("Blattaria Weyenbergh, 1874", Rank.GENUS).usageKey; // rebuild nub with additional sources! src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3, 2, 8, 11); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); rebuild(src); assertTree("3 2 8 11.txt"); // assert ids havent changed! u = getScientific("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals(o1, u.usageKey); u = getScientific("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals(o2, u.usageKey); assertEquals(t1, getScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Alexander, 1934", Rank.SPECIES).usageKey); assertEquals(t2, getScientific("Trichoneura hirtella Napper", Rank.SPECIES).usageKey); assertEquals(t1p, parentOrAccepted(getScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Alexander, 1934", Rank.SPECIES).node).usageKey); assertEquals(t2p, parentOrAccepted(getScientific("Trichoneura hirtella Napper", Rank.SPECIES).node).usageKey); assertEquals(b1, getScientific("Blattaria P.Miller, 1754", Rank.GENUS).usageKey); assertEquals(b2, getScientific("Blattaria O.Kuntze, 1891", Rank.GENUS).usageKey); assertEquals(b3, getScientific("Blattaria Voet, 1806", Rank.GENUS).usageKey); assertEquals(b4, getScientific("Blattaria Weyenbergh, 1874", Rank.GENUS).usageKey); } /** * OTU & accepted Coccinella genus * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/142 * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/163 * * 147=CoL * 148=BOLD * 149=WORMS * 150=Checklist of Beetles of Canada and Alaska * 151=Dyntaxa * 152=Dutch Species Register * 153=ITIS * 154=IRMNG * 155=ZooBank * 156=Plazi https://www.gbif.org/dataset/a5b00837-8dfa-46ec-828c-fbaffb41ec69 * 157=Plazi https://www.gbif.org/dataset/c19789c1-c9be-4c54-b130-e1c8e861b2be * 158=Plazi https://www.gbif.org/dataset/f7175382-787c-4bb8-a95f-a6bb704becd0 */ @Test public void testStableIds2() throws Exception { int[] sourceKeys = new int[]{147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158}; ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, sourceKeys); src.setSourceRank(147, Rank.KINGDOM); src.setSourceRank(151, Rank.GENUS); src.setSupragenericHomonymSource(147); src.includeOTUs(148); // add Coccinella exclude configs for COL during rebuild only!!! cfg.homonymExclusions.put("Coccinella", Lists.newArrayList("Hydrophilidae", "Mollusca")); build(src); // 1 accepted Coccinella only NubUsage coccinella = getCanonical("Coccinella", Rank.GENUS, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED); assertEquals("Coccinella Linnaeus, 1758", coccinella.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals("Linnaeus, 1758", coccinella.parsedName.authorshipComplete()); assertTree("147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158.txt"); int grac = getScientific("Gracilariaceae", Rank.FAMILY).usageKey; NubUsage u = getScientific("BOLD:ADR0965", Rank.UNRANKED); assertEquals("BOLD:ADR0965", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); int otu = u.usageKey; // rebuild nub with additional sources! src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, sourceKeys); src.setSourceRank(147, Rank.KINGDOM); src.setSupragenericHomonymSource(147); src.includeOTUs(148); rebuild(src); // assert ids havent changed! assertEquals(grac, getScientific("Gracilariaceae", Rank.FAMILY).usageKey); assertEquals(otu, getScientific("BOLD:ADR0965", Rank.UNRANKED).usageKey); } @Test public void testStableIdsBasionymPlaceholder() throws Exception { int[] sourceKeys = new int[]{159}; ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, sourceKeys); build(src); // basionym placeholder NubUsage bp = getScientific("? bracteata D.Don", Rank.UNRANKED); assertEquals("? bracteata D.Don", bp.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals(Origin.BASIONYM_PLACEHOLDER, bp.origin); int bpID = bp.usageKey; assertTree("159.txt"); // rebuild nub with additional sources! src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, sourceKeys); rebuild(src); // assert ids havent changed! assertEquals(bpID, getScientific("? bracteata D.Don", Rank.UNRANKED).usageKey); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/portal-feedback/issues/2732 * 160=CoL * 161=IRMNG * 162=Plazi */ @Test public void ixodes() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 160, 161, 162); src.setSourceRank(160, Rank.KINGDOM); src.setSourceRank(162, Rank.GENUS); src.setSourceIgnoreSynonyms(162, true); cfg.homonymExclusions.put("Ixodes", Lists.newArrayList("Aves")); build(src); // plazi genus is blocked, just the ticks one is left NubUsage u = getCanonical("Ixodes", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Ixodes Latreille, 1795", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Ixodes Latreille, 1795", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals("Ixodidae", parentOrAccepted(u.node).parsedName.getScientificName()); // plazi species still there assertEquals("Ixodes granulatus Supino, 1897", getCanonical("Ixodes granulatus", Rank.SPECIES).parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/portal-feedback/issues/2732 * 163=CoL * 164=WCVP * 165=WoRMS * 166=ITIS * 167=IRMNG * 168=IPNI * 169=ZooBank */ @Test public void jerdonia() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169); src.setSourceRank(163, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("163 164 165 166 167 168 169.txt"); } /** * 170=CoL * 171=Danish National List */ @Test public void speciesAuthorErrors() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 170, 171); src.setSourceRank(170, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("170 171.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3024 * 77=CoL * 78=IRMNG * 79=IOC Birds * 80=TAXREF * 81=IPNI */ @Test public void testUpdateAuthors() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81); src.setSourceRank(77, Rank.KINGDOM); src.setNomenclator(81); build(src); NubUsage u = getScientific("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); u = getScientific("Oenanthe L.", Rank.GENUS); assertEquals("Oenanthe L.", u.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete()); assertEquals("Oenanthe L.", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertTree("77 78 79 80 81.txt"); } @Test public void testUpdateClassification() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3, 5, 7); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); // no authors in family names NubUsage fam = assertCanonical("Agaricaceae", "", Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE); NubUsage g = assertCanonical("Lepiota", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, fam); NubUsage ls = assertCanonical("Lepiota seminuda", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, g); assertClassification(ls, "Lepiota", "Agaricaceae", "Agaricales", "Agaricomycetes", "Basidiomycota", "Fungi"); // this genus should not be updated as its classification in source 7 contradicts the original one NubUsage b = assertCanonical("Berto", "Miller", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE); assertClassification(b, "Agaricales", "Agaricomycetes", "Basidiomycota", "Fungi"); } @Test public void testCreateImplicitGenus() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 1)); NubUsage genusF = assertCanonical("Lepiota", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, Kingdom.FUNGI, null); assertCanonical("Lepiota seminuda", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, genusF); final NubUsage species = assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, genusF); assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda elegans", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, species); assertCanonical("Lepiota nuda europaea", Rank.VARIETY, Origin.SOURCE, species); NubUsage genusA = assertCanonical("Lepiota", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, null); assertCanonical("Lepiota carlanova", "MD", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, genusA); } /** * Accepted infraspecific names must have a corresponding autonym in both the zoological and botanical code. * In zoology we only accept infraspecies taxa at the rank of subspecies. * In botany it can be at subspecies, variety or form level. * For synonyms autonyms are NOT generated. */ @Test public void testCreateImplicitAutonym() throws Exception { build(ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 1)); List<NubUsage> nudas = listCanonical("Lepiota nuda nuda"); assertEquals(2, nudas.size()); NubUsage var = null; NubUsage ssp = null; for (NubUsage u : nudas) { assertEquals(Origin.AUTONYM, u.origin); assertEquals("Lepiota nuda nuda", u.parsedName.canonicalName()); if (u.rank == Rank.SUBSPECIES) { assertEquals("Lepiota nuda subsp. nuda", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); ssp = u; } else if (u.rank == Rank.VARIETY) { assertEquals("Lepiota nuda var. nuda", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); var = u; } else { fail("bad rank"); } } assertEquals(Rank.SUBSPECIES, ssp.rank); assertEquals(Rank.VARIETY, var.rank); // bad ranks, no autonym should be created assertTrue(listCanonical("Lepiota nuda maxima").isEmpty()); assertNull(getCanonical("Lepiota nuda nuda", Rank.SUBVARIETY)); } @Test public void testHigherClassification() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertNotNull(getCanonical("Animalia", Rank.KINGDOM)); assertNotNull(getCanonical("Coleoptera", Rank.ORDER)); assertNotNull(getCanonical("Poaceae", Rank.FAMILY)); } /** * Make sure that species not snapping to any existing higher taxon get created under the incertae sedis kingdom * Also allow subsequent source to move a taxon from incertae sedis to somewhere else */ @Test public void testIncertaeSedis() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 34, 105); build(src); assertTree("34 105.txt"); } /** * Testing entire family Hymenopodidae from the Mantodea dataset: * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2986 */ @Test public void testIncertaeSedisSynonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 42); build(src); assertTree("42.txt"); } @Test public void testColAdiantumSynonym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 8); src.setSourceRank(8, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("8.txt"); List<NubUsage> pedatums = listCanonical("Adiantum pedatum"); assertEquals(4, pedatums.size()); for (NubUsage u : pedatums) { System.out.println(u.parsedName.getScientificName()); NubUsage p = parentOrAccepted(u.node); NameUsage nu = dao.readUsage(p.node, true); switch (u.parsedName.getScientificName()) { case "Adiantum pedatum": assertFalse(u.status.isSynonym()); assertEquals("Adiantum", p.parsedName.canonicalName()); break; case "Adiantum pedatum Forst.": assertTrue(u.status.isSynonym()); assertFalse(p.status.isSynonym()); assertEquals("Adiantum hispidulum Sw.", p.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals((Integer) 104, nu.getSourceTaxonKey()); break; case "Adiantum pedatum A.Peter": assertTrue(u.status.isSynonym()); assertFalse(p.status.isSynonym()); assertEquals("Adiantum patens subsp. oatesii (Bak.) Schelpe", p.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals((Integer) 105, nu.getSourceTaxonKey()); break; case "Adiantum pedatum Raddi": assertTrue(u.status.isSynonym()); assertFalse(p.status.isSynonym()); assertEquals("Adiantum brasiliense Raddi", p.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertEquals((Integer) 106, nu.getSourceTaxonKey()); break; default: fail("Unexpected name " + u.parsedName.getScientificName()); } } } /** * An accepted species with a genus that the nub already considers as a synonym should not be accepted. * Try to combine the epithet to the accepted genus and if its a new name make it doubtful until we hit another source with that name. */ @Test public void testSpeciesInSynonymGenus() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 11, 12); build(src); NubUsage oct = assertCanonical("Octopus", "Cuvier, 1797", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); NubUsage amph = assertCanonical("Amphioctopus", "Fischer, 1882", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.SYNONYM, oct); assertCanonical("Octopus vulgaris", "Cuvier, 1797", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, oct); // not the same year, so basionym grouping not applied assertCanonical("Octopus fangsiao", "d'Orbigny, 1839", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, oct); assertCanonical("Amphioctopus fangsiao", "(d'Orbigny, 1835)", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, oct, NameUsageIssue.NAME_PARENT_MISMATCH); assertNull(getCanonical("Octopus markus", Rank.SPECIES)); // accepted species becomes doubtful with issue and parent Octopus assertCanonical("Amphioctopus markus", "Döring, 1999", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, oct, NameUsageIssue.NAME_PARENT_MISMATCH); } /** * The genus name Oenanthe is used as * 1. accepted bird genus Oenanthe Vieillot, 1816 * 2. accepted plant genus Oenanthe Linnaeus, 1753 * Similar the genus Trichoneura: * http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/search/all/key/Trichoneura/match/1 * The genus Blattaria exists 4 times in IRMNG: * 1. Blattaria P. Miller, 1754 [Scrophulariaceae] * 2. Blattaria O. Kuntze, 1891 [Malvaceae] SYN of Pentapetes Linnaeus 1753 * 3. Blattaria Voet, 1806 [Coleoptera] * 4. Blattaria Weyenbergh, 1874 [Orthoptera fossil] * Blattaria only exists as synonym species names in CoL. * Should there be any accepted genus at all in GBIF? * Also test what happens if a higher taxon exists twice with a slightly different classification in CoL. * E.g. class Jungermanniopsida * Suggest to keep the first occurrence */ @Test public void testHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3, 2); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Oenanthe").size()); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Trichoneura").size()); assertEquals(4, listCanonical("Blattaria").size()); NubUsage march = assertCanonical("Marchantiophyta", null, Rank.PHYLUM, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Jungermanniopsida", Rank.CLASS, Origin.SOURCE, march); assertTree("3 2.txt"); } @Test public void testHomonym2() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 3, 2, 36); src.setSourceRank(3, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Trichoneura bontocensis").size()); NubUsage u1 = assertScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Alexander, 1934", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null); assertScientific("Trichoneura bontocensis Perseus, 1999", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, acceptedOrDoubtful(u1.status), null); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Heliopyrgus willi").size()); u1 = assertScientific("Heliopyrgus willi People, 1974", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null); assertScientific("Heliopyrgus willi Plötz, 1884", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, acceptedOrDoubtful(u1.status), null); List<NubUsage> res = listCanonical("Meliopyrgus willi"); assertEquals(2, res.size()); u1 = assertScientific("Meliopyrgus willi People, 1974", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null); assertScientific("Meliopyrgus willi Plötz, 1884", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, acceptedOrDoubtful(u1.status), null); assertTree("3 2 36.txt"); } /** * When given accepted or doubtful this returns the other status. * Any other status then the 2 will results in an IAE. * Good for testing that there is only one accepted, but when the routine is non deterministic which it is. */ static TaxonomicStatus acceptedOrDoubtful(TaxonomicStatus other) { switch (other) { case ACCEPTED: return TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL; case DOUBTFUL: return TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED; } throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only accepted or doubtful expected"); } static void singleAcceptedOthersDoubtful(Collection<NubUsage> usages) { boolean accepted = false; for (NubUsage u : usages) { if (u.status == TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED) { if (accepted) fail("Multiple accepted usages"); accepted = true; } else { assertEquals(TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, u.status); } } } @Test public void testGenusHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 29, 30, 31); src.setSourceRank(29, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); NubUsage pyro = assertCanonical("Pyrostephos", "Moser, 1925", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Mica micula", "Margulis, 1982", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, pyro); assertCanonical("Mica spectata", "", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, pyro); List<NubUsage> micas = listCanonical("Mica"); assertEquals(5, micas.size()); assertTree("29 30 31.txt"); } /** * Exclude 2 families Limoniidae & Poaceae */ @Test public void testExclusion() throws Exception { Map<Integer, List<RankedName>> exclusions = new HashMap<>(); exclusions.put(2, Lists.newArrayList( new RankedName("Poaceae", Rank.FAMILY), new RankedName("Limoniidae", Rank.FAMILY) )); ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, exclusions, 2); build(src); assertTree("2ex.txt"); } @Test public void testHybrids() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 9); src.setSourceRank(9, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertNotNull(getCanonical("Plantae", Rank.KINGDOM)); assertCanonical("Adiantum", "", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME); assertCanonical("Asplenium", "", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME); assertCanonical("Adiantum capillus-veneris", "L.", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Asplenium adiantum-nigrum", "", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME); assertCanonical("Asplenium adiantum-nigrum yuanum", "(Ching) Viane, Rasbach, Reichstein & Schneller", null, Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE); assertCanonical("Adiantum moranii", "J.Prado", NamePart.SPECIFIC, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE); assertNull(getCanonical("Asplenium adiantum nigrum × septentrionale", Rank.SPECIES)); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2874 * As found in CoL as of june 2015. 4 times the same moss species name Fontinalis antipyretica with different authors, all accepted. * These are likely chresonyms that slipped through the COL editors attention. * This is illegal to the code rules, so just one should be accepted. * Pick one and make all others doubtful. * * Abies taxifolia C.Presl * Abies taxifolia Drum. ex Gordon * Abies taxifolia Jeffr. ex Gordon * Abies taxifolia Raf. */ @Test public void testMultipleAcceptedNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 10, 37, 38, 39); build(src); NubUsage genus = assertCanonical("Fontinalis", "", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME); int accepted = 0; int doubtful = 0; for (NubUsage c : children(genus.node)) { assertEquals(Rank.SPECIES, c.rank); assertEquals("Fontinalis antipyretica", c.parsedName.canonicalName()); if (c.status == TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED) { accepted++; } else if (c.status == TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL) { doubtful++; } else { fail("Fontinalis antipyretica species must be accepted or doubtful"); } } assertEquals(1, accepted); assertEquals(3, doubtful); List<NubUsage> usages = new ArrayList<>(); usages.add(assertScientific("Abies pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Royle", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null)); usages.add(assertScientific("Abies pindrow Spach", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null)); singleAcceptedOthersDoubtful(usages); usages.clear(); usages.add(assertScientific("Abies taxifolia Raf.", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null)); usages.add(assertScientific("Abies taxifolia C.Presl", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null)); usages.add(assertScientific("Abies taxifolia Drum. ex Gordon", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null)); singleAcceptedOthersDoubtful(usages); assertNotExisting("Abies taxifolia Jeffr. ex Gordon", Rank.SPECIES); assertTree("10 37 38 39.txt"); } /** * Avoid seeing a stackoverflow error when trying to persist missing genus or autonyms * with incomplete names missing a genus but that can be parsed. */ @Test public void testIncompleteNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 24); src.setSourceRank(24, Rank.FAMILY); build(src); assertTrue(listCanonical("doliolum").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Aster doliolum").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Cichorium doliolum").isEmpty()); assertTrue(listCanonical("Cichorium doliolum doliolum").isEmpty()); assertTree("24.txt"); } /** * CoL used to contain the genus Albizia twice within the plants as an accepted name (Fabaceae & Asteraceae). * http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/17793647/source/tree * http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/11468181/source/tree * The backbone should only contain one accepted genus in Fabaceae. * The Asteraceae one as doubtful. */ @Test public void testAlbiziaCoL() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 13); src.setSourceRank(13, Rank.FAMILY); build(src); NubUsage fab = assertCanonical("Fabaceae", "", null, Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); NubUsage genus = assertCanonical("Albizia", "", null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, fab); NubUsage adianthifolia = assertCanonical("Albizia adianthifolia", "(Schum.) W.Wight", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, genus); assertCanonical("Albi minki", "W.Wight", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.DOUBTFUL, null); NubUsage tomentosa = assertCanonical("Albi tomentosa", "(Micheli) Standl.", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); // these are recombinations from the Albizia names above // But because they appear in the same source we do not convert them into synonyms assertCanonical("Albizia tomentosa", "(Micheli) Standl.", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, tomentosa); assertCanonical("Albi adianthifolia", "(Schum.) W.Wight", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.HOMOTYPIC_SYNONYM, adianthifolia); assertTree("13.txt"); } /** * CoL contains concept synonyms using the "sensu" notation in the ILDIS GSD (maybe elsewhere too). * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-389 * See http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/11468181/source/tree * Albizia adianthifolia (Schum.) W.Wight has the following synonyms: * Albizia gummifera sensu Capuron, p.p. * Albizia gummifera sensu R.O.Williams * Albizia sassa sensu Aubrev. * Mimosa adianthifolia Schum. * Albizia sassa is a synonym twice: * http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/search/all/key/Albizia+sassa/match/1 * Albizia gummifera is both accepted and a synonym when used as a concept: * http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/search/all/key/Albizia+gummifera/match/1 * Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm. (ACC) * Albizia gummifera sensu Capuron, p.p. (SYN) * Albizia gummifera sensu R.O.Williams (SYN) */ @Test public void testSecSynonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 28); src.setSourceRank(28, Rank.FAMILY); build(src); NubUsage ast = assertCanonical("Asteraceae", "", null, Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); NubUsage alb = assertCanonical("Albizia", null, null, Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, ast); NubUsage gummi = assertCanonical("Albizia gummifera", "L.", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, alb); NubUsage adia = assertCanonical("Albizia adianthifolia", "(Schum.) W.Wight", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, alb); assertEquals(0, listSynonyms(adia).size()); } /** * The same canonical name with a different author can be used as synonyms multiple times. * See http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-353 */ @Test public void testSynonymsWithDifferentAuthors() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 14); build(src); // we should only have one accepted Geotrupes stercorarius as one name lacks the combination author! assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Geotrupes stercorarius").size()); NubUsage gen = assertCanonical("Geotrupes", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertScientific("Geotrupes stercorarius (Linnaeus, 1758)", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertNotExisting("Geotrupes stercorarius Erichson, 1847", Rank.SPECIES); assertCanonical("Geotrupes spiniger", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Poa pubescens").size()); gen = assertCanonical("Poa", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); NubUsage acc = assertScientific("Poa pratensis L.", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertScientific("Poa pubescens Lej.", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.SYNONYM, acc); gen = assertCanonical("Eragrostis", Rank.GENUS, Origin.IMPLICIT_NAME, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); acc = assertScientific("Eragrostis pubescens (R.Br.) Steud.", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertScientific("Poa pubescens R.Br.", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.SYNONYM, acc); } /** * See http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-325 * Nitrospira is an accepted canonical name at various ranks: * 1. genus Nitrospira Watson et al., 1986 * 2. class Nitrospira * 3. phylum Nitrospira * Vertebrata is both an accepted subphylum and a genus. * Lobata is a genus (algae) & an order (animal) * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-362 */ @Test public void testInterrankHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 19); src.setSourceRank(19, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Archaea").size()); assertEquals(3, listCanonical("Nitrospira").size()); assertEquals(2, listCanonical("Lobata").size()); // we ignore subphyla assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Vertebrata").size()); assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Radiolaria").size()); } /** * WoRMS contains some synonyms with the same canonical name that include the subgenus or not. * Make sure they all get merged into one synonym in the nub. * See http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=191705 */ @Test public void testWormsSubgenusAlternateRepresentations() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 18); build(src); NubUsage gen = assertCanonical("Hyalonema", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); // we dont have subgenera in the nub assertNotExisting("Hyalonema (Corynonema) Ijima, 1927", Rank.SUBGENUS); assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Hyalonema rotundum").size()); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Hyalonema rotundum", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertTree("18.txt"); } /** * - deal with unspecified infraspecific ranks in CoL * - IPNI names only linked to the familiy with no other hierarchy * - redundant IPNI names */ @Test public void testColAndIpni() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 32, 33); src.setSourceRank(32, Rank.PHYLUM); src.setNomenclator(33); build(src); assertTree("32 33.txt"); } /** * Avoid Plantae spec. and other indetermined names found in Pensoft sources. */ @Test public void testSpecNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 44); build(src); assertTree("44.txt"); } /** * Make sure families with different authorships dont get created twice. * We want unique names! */ @Test public void testUniqueFamilies() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 45); src.setSourceRank(45, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertScientific("Asteraceae", Rank.FAMILY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertTree("45.txt"); } @Test @Disabled("Manual test for profiling performance issues") public void testPerformance() throws Exception { NubSourceList src = new NubSourceList(new NubConfiguration()); src.submitSources(Lists.newArrayList( new RandomSource(200000, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, neoRepo.cfg), new RandomSource(100, Kingdom.BACTERIA, neoRepo.cfg), new RandomSource(100, Kingdom.ARCHAEA, neoRepo.cfg), new RandomSource(20000, Kingdom.FUNGI, neoRepo.cfg), new RandomSource(50000, Kingdom.PLANTAE, neoRepo.cfg))); build(src); } /** * CoL contains canonical synonyms without authorship which are linked to an accepted taxon which has the same canonical name, but includes proper * authorship. * Ignore those synonyms as they are meaningless and cluttering. */ @Test public void testAvoidCanonicalSynonym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 17); build(src); assertEquals(1, listCanonical("Fuligo septica").size()); } /** * Nub builds seem to have trouble if the given rank and the name parsed rank differ. * Make sure higher taxonomy does not suffer from that. * * order Echiuroidea with family Ikedidae [family] * Araneae * * @throws Exception */ @Test public void testHigherRanksWithAwkwardsSuffices() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 46); src.setSourceRank(46, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("46.txt"); } /** * Assert behavior for various unparsable names. * There are no implicit names for unparsables, hence classification can miss the genus */ @Test public void testUnparsables() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 47); build(src); assertTree("47.txt"); } /** * Pro parte synonyms should exist as a single synonym node with multiple synonym relations */ @Test public void testProParteSynonym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 15, 16); build(src); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Poa pubescens", "Lej.", null, Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.PROPARTE_SYNONYM, null); assertEquals(3, u.sourceIds.size()); NameUsage nu = dao.readUsage(u.node, true); assertEquals("Poa pratensis L.", nu.getAccepted()); List<Relationship> rels = Iterables.asList(u.node.getRelationships(RelType.PROPARTE_SYNONYM_OF, Direction.OUTGOING)); Relationship acc = Iterables.single(u.node.getRelationships(RelType.SYNONYM_OF, Direction.OUTGOING)); assertEquals(1, rels.size()); assertNotEquals(rels.get(0).getEndNode(), acc.getEndNode()); assertTree("15 16.txt"); } /** * Prefer a nomenclator name and nom status over any other sources! * Prefer a name with authorship over a bare canonical one. * Use a nomenclators taxonID as scientificNameID for the nub usage. */ @Test @Disabled("write test") public void testUpdateNameString() throws Exception { } /** * Test merging of taxon classification from different sources. * Only merge the classification when taxonomic status is the same. * For synonyms use the accepted name from later sources in case the primary one is incertae-sedis. */ @Test @Disabled("write test") public void testMergingClassification() throws Exception { } /** * A homotypical synonym from a source which points to a name which is considered a heterotypical synonym in the nub * must be converted into a heterotypical synoym. * In the synonymy here: http://cichorieae.e-taxonomy.net/portal/cdm_dataportal/taxon/209399b6-0d3c-4f5a-9f0d-b49ebe0f9403/synonymy * the Macrorhynchus humilis group (and all others below) are heterotypical synoyms of Agoseris apargioides, but they have homotypical * synonyms listed under them. The final synonym relationship from Agoseris apargioides var. maritima to Agoseris apargioides is therefore * a heterotypical one, not homotypic! */ @Test @Disabled("write test") public void testHomoToHeteroTypicalSynonym() throws Exception { } @Test public void testBeeBasionyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 40); src.setSourceRank(40, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); NubUsage nu = assertScientific("Amegilla atrocincta (Lepeletier)", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); NameUsage u = getUsage(nu.node); assertEquals("Anthophora atrocincta Lepeletier, 1841", u.getBasionym()); printTree(); assertTree("40.txt"); } /** * Neotetrastichodes flavus Girault, 1913 in the col takes priority and is a synonym of A. rieki. * Therefore all combinations of that species epithet become also synonyms including the formerly doubtfully accepted Aprostocetus flavus (Girault, 1913) */ @Test public void testMultipleOriginals() throws Exception { // data from catalog of life=48, IRMNG=49 ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 48, 50); build(src); printTree(); assertTree("48 50.txt"); } /** * Same as above, but this time Aprostocetus flavus is a properly accepted name in CoL and takes priority. * Therefore we keep 2 accepted taxa and not all names get merged. */ @Test public void testMultipleOriginals2() throws Exception { // data from catalog of life=49, IRMNG=50 ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 49, 50); build(src); printTree(); assertTree("49 50.txt"); } /** * Neotetrastichodes flavus is a synonym of Aprostocetus rieki, but also the basionym of Aprostocetus flavus. * Expect the basionym to be a synonym of Aprostocetus flavus if its present in different sources. * * Leave other accepted species as it was - we could consider to merge them all into a single accepted name... */ @Test public void testOverlappingBasionyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 51, 144); build(src); printTree(); assertTree("51 144.txt"); } /** * Eternal loop that keeps the shell up and running so one can conenct to it and issue queries. */ private void runShell() throws InterruptedException { System.out.println("run shell forever ..."); while (true) { Thread.sleep(1000); } } /** * Virus names are not parsable, do extra test to verify behavior */ @Test public void testVirusNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 22, 23); src.setSourceRank(22, Rank.ORDER); src.setSourceRank(23, Rank.GENUS); build(src); NubUsage u = assertScientific("Ranid herpesvirus 1", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(2, u.sourceIds.size()); u = assertScientific("Varicellovirus", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(2, u.sourceIds.size()); assertScientific("Cervid herpesvirus 1", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, u); assertScientific("Cervid herpesvirus 2", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, u); u = assertScientific("Herpesvirales", Rank.ORDER, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertScientific("Phaseolus vulgaris Tpv2-6 virus", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, u); assertScientific("Chickpea stunt disease associated virus", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, u); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2815 */ @Test public void testGenusYears() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 35); build(src); // Heliopyrgus NubUsage gen = assertCanonical("Heliopyrgus", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(0, gen.issues.size()); NubUsage spec = assertCanonical("Heliopyrgus willi", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertTrue(spec.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Heliopyrgus willisyn", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.SYNONYM, spec); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); u = assertCanonical("Heliopyrgus willi banane", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, spec); assertTrue(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); u = assertCanonical("Heliopyrgus correctwilli", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); // Meliopyrgus gen = assertCanonical("Meliopyrgus", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(0, gen.issues.size()); u = assertCanonical("Meliopyrgus willi", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); u = assertCanonical("Meliopyrgus correctwilli", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); // Leliopyrgus gen = assertCanonical("Leliopyrgus", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertEquals(0, gen.issues.size()); u = assertCanonical("Leliopyrgus willi", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); u = assertCanonical("Leliopyrgus correctwilli", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, gen); assertFalse(u.issues.contains(NameUsageIssue.PUBLISHED_BEFORE_GENUS)); } /** * Make sure frequent INFRASPECIES rank in col is parsed into real ranks */ @Test public void testInfraspeciesRanks() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 53); build(src); assertCanonical("Lupinus sericeus flavus", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertCanonical("Lupinus sericeus jonesii", Rank.VARIETY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); assertTree("52.txt"); } /** * Avoid bad parent relationships or even loops. * 52=CoL * 54=ITIS * 55=IPNI */ @Test public void testColItisIpniMerger() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 52, 54, 55); src.setNomenclator(55); build(src); assertTree("52 54 55.txt"); } /** * Test to avoid self loops in CoL autonyms, caused by bad basionym grouping. * 56=CoL * 57=IRMNG * 58=IF * * Parmelia tiliacea is created as an implicit name because IRMNG uses "Parmelia tiliacea sensu auct. brit.p.p." which gets ignored as a concept name */ @Test public void testColIfAutonym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 56, 57, 58); src.setNomenclator(58); build(src); assertTree("56 57 58.txt"); } /** * Test nested infraspecific source taxa. * In the nub we do not want nested infraspecific taxa, but attach all accepted infraspecific names to the species directly */ @Test public void testInfraspecificTrees() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 59); build(src); assertTree("59.txt"); } @Test public void testInfraspecificBasionymGrouping() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 60, 145); build(src); assertTree("60 145.txt"); } /** * 61=CoL * 62=IPNI */ @Test public void testAutonymColBasionym() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 61, 62); src.setNomenclator(62); build(src); assertTree("61 62.txt"); } /** * Make sure names coming in from sources without a kingdom or classification still contains to existing names in a proper kingdom * E.g. Toxostoma rufum in PalaeoDB has no classification and "should" be merged with existing animal Toxostoma rufum (Linnaeus, 1758) * * Examples here use Parmelina quercina for tests */ @Test public void testInsertaeSedisDuplicates() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 58, 63); build(src); assertTree("58 63.txt"); } /** * Make sure aggregate names such as Achillea millefolium at rank SPECIES_AGGREGATE which are binomials are treated as species. * But ignore names at higher ranks such as Achillea pillefolium INFRAGENERIC_NAME. */ @Test public void testAggregates() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 64); build(src); assertTree("64.txt"); } /** * Make sure subgenera in binomial names are removed. */ @Test public void testSubgenusRemoval() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 65); build(src); assertTree("65.txt"); } /** * Some plazi datasets (but also others) get indexed badly by us cause they contain bad synonymies linking a genus to a species. * That corrupts the entire, normalized classification and nub builds must be able to deal with these inverted, bad classifications. */ @Test public void testBadPlaziHierarchy() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 66); build(src); assertTree("66.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2824 */ @Test public void testBasionymEpithetStemming() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 67, 142); build(src); assertTree("67 142.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-2989 */ @Test public void testMantodeaBasionyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 68); build(src); assertTree("68.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3024 * 70=COL * 71=Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology * 72=ITIS * 73=IRMNG * 74=Clements Birds * 75=IOC Birds * 76=IPNI */ @Test public void testCardinalis() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76); src.setNomenclator(76); build(src); assertTree("70 71 72 73 74 75 76.txt"); } private NubUsage create(int id, Rank rank, Kingdom kingdom, String sciname) { NubUsage u = new NubUsage(); u.node = dao.createTaxon(); u.usageKey = id; u.rank = rank; u.kingdom = kingdom; u.parsedName = NameParsers.INSTANCE.parseQuietly(sciname, rank); dao.store(u); return u; } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3060 * 70=COL * 71=Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology * 72=ITIS * 73=IRMNG * 74=Clements Birds * 75=IOC Birds * 76=IPNI */ @Test public void testCardinalisWithExistingNub() throws Exception { // create existing genus & species from 2013 backbone tx = dao.beginTx(); create(3241527, Rank.GENUS, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis Bonaparte, 1838"); create(2490383, Rank.GENUS, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis Bonaparte, 1831"); create(3232102, Rank.GENUS, Kingdom.PLANTAE, "Cardinalis Fabricius, 1759"); create(2490384, Rank.SPECIES, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)"); create(4846779, Rank.SPECIES, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)"); create(7191770, Rank.SUBSPECIES, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis cardinalis subsp. cardinalis"); create(5230886, Rank.SUBSPECIES, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, "Cardinalis cardinalis clintoni (Banks, 1963)"); // rebuild nub ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76); src.setNomenclator(76); rebuild(src); assertTree("70 71 72 73 74 75 76.txt"); assertKey("Cardinalis Fabr.", Rank.GENUS, Kingdom.PLANTAE, 3232102); assertKey("Cardinalis Bonaparte, 1838", Rank.GENUS, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, 3241527); assertKey("Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)", Rank.SPECIES, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, 2490384); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3063 * 82=COL * 83=ITIS * 84=DynTaxa * 85=IRMNG */ @Test public void testNameDuplication() throws Exception { // rebuild nub ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 82, 83, 84, 85); src.setSourceRank(82, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("82 83 84 85.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3069 * Austrorhynchus pectatus pectatus f. Sporn looks already wrong in WoRMS but even worse in GBIF as: Austrorhynchus pectatus null pectatus * http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=154959 * * 86=WoRMS * 87=TAXREF */ @Test public void testNullNames() throws Exception { // rebuild nub ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 86, 87); build(src); assertTree("86 87.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3070 * * 88=CoL * 89=Orthoptera SPecies File * 90=IRMNG */ @Test public void testRedundantHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 88, 89, 90); src.setSourceRank(88, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("88 89 90.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3169 * * 104=Palaeodb */ @Test public void avoidKingdomSpeciesSynonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 104); build(src); assertTree("104.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/PF-2600 */ @Test public void testGenusNormilization() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 106, 107); build(src); assertTree("106 107.txt"); } /** * Test hyphens in genus name. * Only one of these 2 should exist, preferrably the Camel-Case * Drake-brockmania * Drake-Brockmania * * This should be allowed to also exist but always as a synonym of the above! * Drakebrockmania */ @Test @Disabled("NubBuilder needs code change first") public void testDrakeBrockmania() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 108, 109, 110); src.setSourceRank(108, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("108 109 110.txt"); } @Test public void testColInfraspecificRank() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 111); build(src); assertTree("111.txt"); assertScientific("Collotheca heptabrachiata var. molundica", Rank.VARIETY, Origin.SOURCE, TaxonomicStatus.ACCEPTED, null); } /** * by introducing the type specimen checklist we see many apparently accepted names coming in via different kingdoms. * Make sure these get merged if the name matches incl authorship! */ @Test public void testDifferentKingdoms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 112, 113); // type specimen list src.setSourceRank(113, Rank.SPECIES); build(src); assertTree("112 113.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3168 */ @Test public void testBadSpeciesSynonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 114); src.setSourceRank(114, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("114.txt"); } /** * http://dev.gbif.org/issues/browse/POR-3213 */ @Test public void testNamePublishedIn() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 115); src.setSourceRank(115, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Archelytron", Rank.GENUS, Origin.SOURCE, null); assertEquals("Insektenfunde aus den Goldlauterer Schichten des Thüringer Waldes. Hallesches Jahrbuch für Mitteldeutsche Erdgeschichte 1:241-258. 1952", u.publishedIn); u = assertCanonical("Blatta hyperborea", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null); assertEquals("O. Heer. 1870. Die Miocene flora und fauna Spitzbergens. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 8(7):1-98", u.publishedIn); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/25 */ @Test @Disabled public void testNewSpeciesInHomonymGenus() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 116, 117); src.setSourceRank(116, Rank.PHYLUM); src.setSourceRank(117, Rank.GENUS); src.setNomenclator(117); build(src); assertTree("116 117.txt"); } /** * Allow OTU names in the backbone, e.g. from BOLD & UNITE */ @Test public void testOtuNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 118, 119); src.setSourceRank(118, Rank.PHYLUM); src.setSourceRank(119, Rank.GENUS); src.includeOTUs(118); src.includeOTUs(119); build(src); NubUsage u = assertScientific("BOLD:ABW2624", Rank.SPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null, null); assertEquals(NameType.OTU, u.parsedName.getType()); u = assertScientific("SH002390.07FU", Rank.UNRANKED, Origin.SOURCE, null, null); assertEquals(NameType.OTU, u.parsedName.getType()); assertTree("118 119.txt"); } /** * 120 = COL * 121 = WORMS * * @throws Exception */ @Test @Disabled("needs implemented") public void avoidProparteFamilyHomonyms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 120, 121); src.setSourceRank(120, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("120 121.txt"); } /** * Make sure blacklisted names dont make it into the backbone * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/47 */ @Test public void testBlacklist() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 122); src.includeOTUs(122); build(src); assertTree("122.txt"); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/30 */ @Test public void test30() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 123, 124); build(src); assertTree("123 124.txt"); } /** * Verify canonical name building. * Subspecies in zoology should not have a marker */ @Test public void testNameFormatting() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 125); build(src); NubUsage u = assertCanonical("Puma yagouaroundi chilensis", Rank.SUBSPECIES, Origin.SOURCE, null); assertEquals(Rank.SUBSPECIES, u.parsedName.getRank()); assertEquals("Puma yagouaroundi chilensis L.", u.parsedName.getScientificName()); assertTree("125.txt"); } /** * Verify binomials with higher rank * and abbreviated namess * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/62 */ @Test public void testAbbrevNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 126); build(src); assertTree("126.txt"); } /** * Test WoRMS case of badly nested varieties combined with a duplicate autonym * leading to node NotFoundException * * 127=CoL * 128=WoRMS * * The main error comes from bad normalization of the WoRMS DwCA and should be tested in the Normalizer. * But the nub build should be gracefully dealing with such data as it is currently present in CLB. */ @Test public void testIllegalVarWorms() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 127, 128); src.setSourceRank(127, Rank.KINGDOM); build(src); assertTree("127 128.txt"); } @Test public void testBlacklistedNames() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 129); build(src); assertTree("129.txt"); } @Test public void testHomonymFamiliesPatch() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 130, 131, 132); src.setSourceRank(130, Rank.PHYLUM); // backbone patch src.setSourceRank(131, Rank.PHYLUM); // CoL src.setSupragenericHomonymSource(130); build(src); assertTree("130 131 132.txt"); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/93 */ @Test public void testColHomonymGenera() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 139, 140, 141); src.setSourceRank(139, Rank.PHYLUM); // backbone patch src.setSourceRank(140, Rank.PHYLUM); // CoL //src.setSupragenericHomonymSource(140); build(src); assertTree("139 140 141.txt"); } @Test public void testClementsDups() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 133, 134); src.setSourceRank(133, Rank.PHYLUM); // CoL src.setSourceRank(134, Rank.PHYLUM); // Clements Birdlist build(src); assertTree("133 134.txt"); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/88 */ @Test public void testLinnaeus() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 135); src.setSourceRank(135, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("135.txt"); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/88 */ @Test public void testBoldPlaceholder() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 136); src.includeOTUs(136); build(src); assertTree("136.txt"); } /** * https://github.com/gbif/checklistbank/issues/91 */ @Test public void testSpeciesPatch() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 137, 138); src.setSourceRank(137, Rank.PHYLUM); // backbone patch src.setSourceRank(138, Rank.PHYLUM); // CoL src.setSupragenericHomonymSource(137); build(src); assertTree("137 138.txt"); } @Test public void misapplied() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 172); build(src); assertTree("172.txt"); } @Test public void nameTypeMapping() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 173); src.setSourceRank(173, Rank.PHYLUM); src.includeOTUs(173); src.setNameTypeMapping(173, new ImmutableMap.Builder<NameType, NameType>() .put(NameType.INFORMAL, NameType.OTU) .put(NameType.HYBRID, NameType.OTU) .put(NameType.PLACEHOLDER, NameType.OTU) .put(NameType.BLACKLISTED, NameType.OTU) .build() ); build(src); assertTree("173.txt"); } @Test public void defaultParents() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 174); src.setSourceRank(174, Rank.PHYLUM); src.setDefaultParent(174, Rank.KINGDOM, "Fungi"); build(src); assertTree("174.txt"); } @Test public void defaultParents2() throws Exception { } /** * Snap subclass to class if matching * https://github.com/gbif/portal-feedback/issues/3579 * * 176=Patch * 177=COL * 178=other **/ @Test public void testArachnidaSubclass() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 176, 177, 178); src.setSourceRank(176, Rank.PHYLUM); src.setSourceRank(177, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("176 177 178.txt"); } /** * COL contains via Systema Dipterorum "duplicate" names that differ only by having the subgenus cited. * Make sure these are recognized as a single name in the nub. * * 179=COL */ @Test public void subgenusDupe() throws Exception { ClasspathSourceList src = ClasspathSourceList.source(neoRepo.cfg, 179); src.setSourceRank(179, Rank.PHYLUM); build(src); assertTree("179.txt"); } /** * For profiling memory usage of nub builds */ @Test @Disabled("for manual profiling only") public void testMemFootprint() throws Exception { List<RandomSource> sources = Lists.newArrayList(); for (int x = 0; x < 1000; x++) { sources.add(new RandomSource(50, Kingdom.ANIMALIA, neoRepo.cfg)); sources.add(new RandomSource(30, Kingdom.PLANTAE, neoRepo.cfg)); sources.add(new RandomSource(20, Kingdom.FUNGI, neoRepo.cfg)); } NubSourceList src = new NubSourceList(new NubConfiguration()); src.submitSources(sources); build(src); } /** * builds a new nub and keeps dao open for further test queries. */ private void build(NubSourceList src, @Nullable File treeOutput) throws Exception { Stopwatch watch = Stopwatch.createUnstarted(); NubBuilder nb = NubBuilder.create(dao, src, IdLookupImpl.temp().load(Lists.<LookupUsage>newArrayList()), 10, cfg); nb.setCloseDao(false); try { nb.run(); } catch (AssertionError e) { printTree(); throw e; } log("Nub build completed in %sms", watch.elapsed(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)); tx = dao.beginTx(); dao.logAll(); if (treeOutput != null) { printTree(treeOutput); } else { printTree(); } // assert we have only ever 8 root taxa - the kingdoms assertEquals(Kingdom.values().length, countRoot()); // assert we have unique ids assertUniqueIds(); log("Core test completed in %sms", watch.elapsed(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)); } private void build(NubSourceList src) throws Exception { build(src, null); } private void assertUniqueIds() { Set<Integer> keys = Sets.newHashSet(); for (Node n : Iterators.loop(dao.allTaxa())) { NubUsage u = dao.readNub(n); if (keys.contains(u.usageKey)) { System.err.println(u); fail("Nub keys not unique: " + u.usageKey); } else { keys.add(u.usageKey); } } } private void rebuild(NubSourceList src) throws Exception { IdLookupImpl previousIds = IdLookupImpl.temp().load(allNodes(dao)); tx.close(); dao.close(); // new, empty DAO dao = UsageDao.temporaryDao(100); NubBuilder nb = NubBuilder.create(dao, src, previousIds, previousIds.getKeyMax() + 1, cfg); nb.setCloseDao(false); nb.run(); tx = dao.beginTx(); printTree(); // assert we have only ever 8 root taxa - the kingdoms assertEquals(Kingdom.values().length, countRoot()); // assert we have unique ids assertUniqueIds(); } /** * Read old ids from existing, open DAO */ private static Iterable<LookupUsage> allNodes(final UsageDao dao) { return () -> StreamUtils.stream(dao.allTaxa()) .map(n -> { NubUsage u = dao.readNub(n); return new LookupUsage(u.usageKey, ObjectUtils.coalesce(u.parsedName.canonicalName(), u.parsedName.getScientificName()), u.parsedName.getAuthorship(), u.parsedName.getYear(), u.rank, u.status, u.kingdom, false); }).iterator(); } private void assertClassification(NubUsage nub, String... parentNames) { int idx = 0; for (NubUsage n : parents(nub.node)) { assertEquals(parentNames[idx++], n.parsedName.canonicalName(), "Higher classification mismatch for " + nub.parsedName.getScientificName()); } } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, @Nullable String authorship, @Nullable NamePart notho, Rank rank, Origin origin) { return assertCanonical(canonical, authorship, notho, rank, null, origin, null, null); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, Origin origin, @Nullable NubUsage parent) { return assertCanonical(canonical, null, null, rank, null, origin, null, parent); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, Origin origin, Kingdom k, @Nullable NubUsage parent) { return assertCanonical(canonical, null, null, rank, k, origin, null, parent); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, Origin origin, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, @Nullable NubUsage parent) { return assertCanonical(canonical, null, null, rank, null, origin, status, parent); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, String authorship, Rank rank, Origin origin) { return assertCanonical(canonical, authorship, null, rank, null, origin, null, null); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, @Nullable String authorship, @Nullable NamePart notho, Rank rank, Origin origin, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, @Nullable NubUsage parent, NameUsageIssue... issues) { return assertCanonical(canonical, authorship, notho, rank, null, origin, status, parent, issues); } private NubUsage assertCanonical(String canonical, @Nullable String authorship, @Nullable NamePart notho, Rank rank, Kingdom k, Origin origin, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, @Nullable NubUsage parent, NameUsageIssue... issues) { canonical = SciNameNormalizer.normalize(canonical); NubUsage u = getCanonical(canonical, rank, k); assertNub(u, canonical, authorship, notho, rank, origin, status, parent); if (k != null) { assertEquals(k, u.kingdom, "wrong kingdom " + k); } assertEquals(canonical, UsageDao.canonicalOrScientificName(u.parsedName), "wrong canonical name for " + canonical); for (NameUsageIssue issue : issues) { assertTrue(u.issues.contains(issue), "missing issue " + issue); } return u; } private NubUsage assertScientific(String sciname, Rank rank, Origin origin, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, @Nullable NubUsage parent) { NubUsage u = getScientific(sciname, rank); assertNub(u, sciname, null, null, rank, origin, status, parent); assertEquals(sciname, u.parsedName.getScientificName(), "wrong scientific name for " + sciname); return u; } private NubUsage assertKey(String sciname, Rank rank, Kingdom kingdom, int key) { NubUsage u = getScientific(sciname, rank, kingdom); assertEquals(key, u.usageKey, "wrong key for " + sciname); assertEquals(sciname, u.parsedName.getScientificName(), "wrong scientific name for " + sciname); assertEquals(kingdom, u.kingdom, "wrong kingdom for " + sciname); assertEquals(rank, u.rank, "wrong rank for " + sciname); return u; } private void assertNotExisting(String sciname, Rank rank) { NubUsage u = getScientific(sciname, rank); assertNull(u, "name wrongly exists: " + sciname); } private void assertNub(NubUsage u, String name, @Nullable String authorship, @Nullable NamePart notho, Rank rank, Origin origin, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, @Nullable NubUsage parent) { assertNotNull(u, "Missing " + rank + " " + name); assertEquals(rank, u.rank, "wrong rank for " + name); assertEquals(origin, u.origin, "wrong origin for " + name); if (authorship != null) { assertEquals(authorship, u.parsedName.authorshipComplete(), "wrong authorship for " + name); } assertEquals(notho, u.parsedName.getNotho(), "wrong notho for " + name); if (status != null) { assertEquals(status, u.status, "wrong status for " + name); } if (parent != null) { NubUsage p2 = parentOrAccepted(u.node); assertEquals(p2.node, parent.node, "wrong parent " + p2.parsedName.canonicalNameComplete() + " for " + name); } } private List<NubUsage> children(Node parent) { List<NubUsage> usages = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Node n : Traversals.CHILDREN.traverse(parent).nodes()) { usages.add(get(n)); } return usages; } private List<NubUsage> parents(Node child) { List<NubUsage> usages = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Node n : Traversals.PARENTS.traverse(child).nodes()) { usages.add(get(n)); } return usages; } private NubUsage parentOrAccepted(Node child) { Relationship rel = child.getSingleRelationship(RelType.PARENT_OF, Direction.INCOMING); if (rel == null) { rel = child.getSingleRelationship(RelType.SYNONYM_OF, Direction.OUTGOING); } return get(rel.getOtherNode(child)); } private List<NubUsage> listCanonical(String canonical) { canonical = SciNameNormalizer.normalize(canonical); List<NubUsage> usages = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Node n : Iterators.loop(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.TAXON, NeoProperties.CANONICAL_NAME, canonical))) { usages.add(get(n)); } return usages; } private List<NubUsage> listSynonyms(NubUsage acc) { List<NubUsage> usages = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Relationship rel : acc.node.getRelationships(RelType.SYNONYM_OF, Direction.INCOMING)) { Node syn = rel.getOtherNode(acc.node); usages.add(get(syn)); } return usages; } public NameUsage getUsage(Node n) { return dao.readUsage(n, true); } private NameUsage getUsage(int key) { return getUsage(dao.getNeo().getNodeById(key)); } private List<NubUsage> listScientific(String sciname) { List<NubUsage> usages = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Node n : Iterators.loop(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.TAXON, NeoProperties.SCIENTIFIC_NAME, sciname))) { usages.add(get(n)); } return usages; } private NubUsage getScientific(String sciname, Rank rank, Kingdom kingdom) { return getOne(listScientific(sciname), rank, kingdom, null, sciname); } private NubUsage getScientific(String sciname, Rank rank) { return getOne(listScientific(sciname), rank, null, null, sciname); } private NubUsage getCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank) { return getOne(listCanonical(canonical), rank, null, null, canonical); } private NubUsage getCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, TaxonomicStatus status) { return getOne(listCanonical(canonical), rank, null, status, canonical); } private NubUsage getCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, Kingdom k) { return getOne(listCanonical(canonical), rank, k, null, canonical); } private NubUsage getCanonical(String canonical, Rank rank, @Nullable Kingdom k, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status) { return getOne(listCanonical(canonical), rank, k, status, canonical); } private NubUsage getOne(List<NubUsage> usages, Rank rank, @Nullable Kingdom k, @Nullable TaxonomicStatus status, String name) { Iterator<NubUsage> iter = usages.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { NubUsage u = iter.next(); if (u.rank != rank) { iter.remove(); } else if (k != null && u.kingdom != k) { iter.remove(); } else if (status != null && u.status != status) { iter.remove(); } } if (usages.isEmpty()) { return null; } else if (usages.size() == 1) { return usages.get(0); } throw new IllegalStateException("Too many usages for " + status + " " + rank + " " + name); } private NubUsage get(Node n) { if (n == null) { return null; } NubUsage nub = dao.readNub(n); nub.node = n; return nub; } private long countTaxa() { return Iterators.count(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.TAXON)); } private long countSpecies() { return Iterators.count(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.SPECIES)); } private long countGenera() { return Iterators.count(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.GENUS)); } private long countRoot() { return Iterators.count(dao.getNeo().findNodes(Labels.ROOT)); } class TreeAsserter implements StartEndHandler { private Iterator<NubNode> treeIter; public TreeAsserter(NubTree tree) { treeIter = tree.iterator(); } @Override public void start(Node n) { NubNode expected = treeIter.next(); String name = (String) n.getProperty(NeoProperties.SCIENTIFIC_NAME); assertEquals(expected.name, name); assertEquals(expected.basionym, n.hasLabel(Labels.BASIONYM), "Basionym flag wrong for " + name); } @Override public void end(Node n) { } public boolean completed() { return !treeIter.hasNext(); } } private void assertTree(String filename) throws IOException { System.out.println("assert tree from " + filename); NubTree expected = NubTree.read("trees/" + filename); // compare trees assertEquals(expected.getRoot().children.size(), Iterators.count(dao.allRootTaxa()), "Number of roots differ"); TreeAsserter treeAssert = new TreeAsserter(expected); TreeWalker.walkTree(dao.getNeo(), true, treeAssert); assertTrue(treeAssert.completed(), "There should be more taxa"); // verify all nodes are walked in the tree and contains the expected numbers long neoCnt = Iterables.count(dao.getNeo().getAllNodes()); // pro parte nodes are counted multiple times, so expected count can be higher than pure number of nodes - but never less! System.out.println("expected nodes: " + expected.getCount()); System.out.println("counted nodes: " + neoCnt); assertTrue(expected.getCount() >= neoCnt); } private void printTree() throws Exception { Writer writer = new PrintWriter(System.out); dao.printTree(writer, GraphFormat.TEXT); } private void printTree(File f) throws Exception { Writer writer = new FileWriter(f); dao.printTree(writer, GraphFormat.TEXT); } }

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