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17997423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Gregory | Colin Gregory | Doctor John Colin Gregory (28 July 1903 – 10 January 1959) was an amateur British tennis player, best remembered for winning the Australian Open in 1929.
Gregory was born in 1903 in Beverley, Yorkshire, the son of Dr William Herbert and Constance Gregory. Like his father, he became a medical doctor but was also a successful amateur lawn tennis player in both doubles and singles. Gregory also played cricket, golf, rugby and squash. In the 1920s he played doubles with Ian Collins and they were runners up at the 1929 Wimbledon Championships. In 1929 he won the Australian singles championship.
Following the Second World War, Gregory was captain of the British Davis Cup team. Due to an accident Geoffrey Paish was unable to play in a 1952 match against Yugoslavia and the 49-year-old Gregory stepped in to win the doubles match with Tony Mottram. Gregory became chairman of the All-England Club at Wimbledon in 1955, where he died in 1959 in the changing rooms following a match.
Grand Slam finals
Singles: 1 title
Doubles : 1 runners-up
References
Further reading
Bud Collins (2003) Total Tennis - The Ultimate Tennis Encyclopedia, .
External links
Australian Championships (tennis) champions
English male tennis players
British male tennis players
20th-century English medical doctors
Sportspeople from Beverley
1903 births
1959 deaths
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles
Tennis players from the East Riding of Yorkshire
20th-century English sportsmen |
17997437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Apple%20products | List of Apple products | This timeline of Apple products is a list of all computers, phones, tablets, wearables, and other products made by Apple Inc. This list is ordered by the release date of the products. Macintosh Performa models were often physically identical to other models, in which case they are omitted in favor of the identical twin.
Detailed timeline
1970s
1980s
1980–1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990s
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000s
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010s
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020s
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Chart
See also
Macintosh
List of Mac models grouped by CPU type
List of iPhone models
List of iPad models
Timeline of the Apple II family
List of Mac models
Notes
References
External links
Specifications, Apple Computer, Inc.
Mac Systems: Apple, EveryMac.com
Glen Sanford, Apple History, apple-history.com
Dan Knight, Computer Profiles, LowEndMac, Cobweb Publishing, Inc.
Steven Weyhrich, Apple II History, apple2history.org
Pictorial Timeline
Apple Inc. hardware
Apple products
Apple
products
History of Apple Inc. |
17997451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight%20for%20Life%20%28Valley%20Hospital%29 | Flight for Life (Valley Hospital) | Valley Hospital Medical Center established Southern Nevada's first air ambulance service, Flight for Life, in 1980. Metro Aviation sold the program to Mercy Air on December 4, 2001, effectively shutting down the Flight for Life service under that name, although the service was still provided.
History
The first helicopter was an Aerospatiale SA.316/319 Alouette III, decorated with the Star of Life. The helicopter was owned by RTS Helicopters and was used for 2 years. In 1982 RTS traded in the Alouette for a newer AS-355F2 (N57901) with a deep blue and sea green paint scheme. On December 7, 1983, N57901 was destroyed when it collided with Black Mountain. The hospital put a memorial plaque on the helipad. Valley Hospital signed a contract with Medical Aviation Inc. (a subsidiary of Metro Aviation), to sustain the service. With the new contract, Valley Hospital received a BO105 CBS4 (N10VH) named Lifeguard 1 based at the hospital, as well as loaner aircraft to use when the main helicopter was in heavy maintenance. Lifeguard 1 had an orange and black paint scheme, with a silver stripe. In 1998, Valley Hospital received a second BO105 CBS5 (N911VH), which they dubbed Lifeguard 1, renaming the older helicopter Lifeguard 2. Metro Aviation shipped Valley Hospital another upgraded helicopter, a BK117 B2 (N117VH). This again necessitated renaming the fleet, with the newest helicopter again being designated Lifeguard 1. Metro Aviation sold the program to Mercy Air on December 4, 2001, effectively shutting down the Flight for Life service under that name, although the service was still provided.
Service area and bases
Valley Hospital's Flight for Life program served southern Nevada, Mohave County/Strip District of Arizona, parts of Dixie (Utah), and parts of southern California. The program had bases located at Valley Hospital Medical Center, Mesquite Airport(N10VH), Pahrump, Nevada(N911VH), and Whiskey Pete's in Primm, Nevada(N10VH). The maintenance hangar for the fleet was located at Cheyenne Air Center at North Las Vegas Airport. The majority of maintenance was conducted on the helipad at Valley Hospital, which had a jet fuel tank buried in the parking lot, permitting on-site refueling.
Dispatch
Flight For Life used dedicated frequencies, 155.280 MHz and 155.340 MHz, to communicate with other aircraft in the fleet and base operations. Prior to 1992 dispatch was provided by a dedicated center at Valley Hospital. These individuals were trained in-house and also participated as hospital operators. Following 1992 dispatch services were contracted out to Mercy Ambulance, who communicated with other fire and law enforcement agencies. Mercy Ambulance dispatch provided flight following communications in addition.
Incidents and accidents
On December 7, 1983, N57901 was destroyed when it collided with Black Mountain. The pilot attempted an auto-rotation after the left engine cowling came apart mid flight. Pilot Paul Kinsey, flight nurse Jessica Hilt, and paramedic Ernest Chris Hasselfeld died.
N105HH was destroyed when the Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo105 smashed into a patch of land just off Old Ben Road near Indian Springs on April 3, 1999. Pilot James Bond Jr., and two flight nurses Kathy Batterman, and Leroy Shelton were killed. The NTSB ruled that a combination of pilot error and punishing weather with reduced visibility (less than 50 yards) caused the crash. An elementary school in Las Vegas was named in Kathy Batterman's honor.
On November 13, 2000, N911VH had a "hard landing". The pilot attempted to avoid powerlines after a car appeared to be in the landing zone. Pilot Tim Rego, flight nurse Lisa Freeman, and paramedic Rick Loughry escaped with minor injuries.
N417MA was destroyed on September 7, 2002, after the rotor blades delaminated. The crash killed pilot Marshall Butler, flight nurse Ana Coburn, and paramedic Kalaya Jarbsunthie. Marshall Butler and Ana Coburn of were former Flight for Life employees. This fatal crash was not Flight for Life accident, it was a Mercy Air helicopter.
References
Resources
Air ambulance services in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in Nevada |
17997457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefly%20Distillery | Firefly Distillery | Firefly Distillery is a company located near Park Circle North Charleston, South Carolina, United States. It produces a line of alcoholic beverages and licenses its brand name to the Sazerac Company for its Sweet Tea Vodka.
History
Firefly Distilling was founded by Jim Irvin and Scott Newitt in Charleston, South Carolina in 2005.
Concert series
In 2020, Firefly Distilling hosted a Safe Sounds concert series which included Covid protocols, private pods, and organized spacing. These new protocols became how many event venues structured their concerts.
Firefly Distilling announced a concert lineup in 2023 including Gov't Mule, Gregory Alan Isakov with Lucius, Willie Nelson and Family, and Noah Kahan.
Products
Firefly Muscadine Vodka
Firefly Distillery's first product was Firefly Muscadine Vodka. The vodka was introduced in April 2006, after an impromptu early March debut at the Charleston International Antiques Show emceed by Martha Stewart gave the company unexpected attention.
The flavored vodka was inspired by the distillery's location on a vineyard. Muscadine grapes are native to the southeast region, and muscadine wine is traditionally very sweet. This product was originally produced in Florida due to South Carolina's distillery licensing fees issues.
Firefly earned 89 out of 100 points from the Beverage Testing Institute in Chicago, outscoring such industry standards as Absolut and Ketel One.
Firefly Sweet Tea Vodka
In April 2008 Firefly Sweet Tea Vodka was added to the product line. The product is a twist on the southern staple, sweet tea. The vodka is distilled on Wadmalaw Island and the tea is from Charleston Tea Plantation.
In 2013, the Distillery introduced Firefly Moonshine. Moonshine flavors include White Lightning, Apple Pie, Blackberry, Caramel, Cherry, Peach, Ruby Red and Strawberry.
Firefly Handcrafted Vodka
Firefly Handcrafted Vodka, a straight vodka product, was introduced to the market in January 2009. This vodka is distilled slowly in batches six times. Currently this product is only distributed to South Carolina, but plans are to expand distribution. The 2009 San Francisco World Spirits Competition awarded Firefly Handcrafted Vodka a bronze medal.
Firefly Sweet Tea Whiskey
Firefly Sweet Tea Whiskey is made with tea grown locally near the distillery. It is only available in South Carolina.
Firefly Bourbon Ball Whiskey
Firefly Bourbon Ball Whiskey is a chocolate and pecan flavored whiskey.
Firefly Southern Lemonade
Firefly Southern Lemonade was released in April 2010 and is a part of Firefly's ready to drink collection. Firefly Southern Lemonade blends Firefly straight vodka with fresh squeezed lemonade.
Firefly Sweet Tea Lemonade
The Sweet Tea Lemonade is a blend of Firefly Sweet Tea Vodka and fresh squeezed lemonade.
Sweet Tea Vodka Production by the Sazerac Company
In October 2008, Firefly Distillery and the Sazerac Company formed a joint venture to produce Firefly Sweet Tea Vodka at Sazerac's Buffalo Trace Distillery in Kentucky and distribute the product through Sazerac's distribution channels. Through this joint venture Firefly Sweet Tea Vodka was able to be distributed to all states by March 2009.
The Sazerac Company web site lists this Firefly brand product in its brand portfolio.
References
American vodkas
Companies based in South Carolina
Distilleries in the United States
Food and drink companies based in South Carolina
Alcohol in South Carolina |
17997507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Lowe | Gordon Lowe | Sir Francis Gordon Lowe, 2nd Baronet (21 June 1884 – 17 May 1972) was a British male tennis player.
Lowe is best remembered for winning the Australasian Championships in 1915 (where he beat champion Horace Rice in the final). and for winning the World Covered Court Championships (Indoor) in 1920. Lowe also won Queen's Club in 1912, 1913 and 1925. His father, Sir Francis Lowe, 1st Baronet, was a Member of Parliament, representing Birmingham Edgbaston. In 1929 Lowe became Sir Gordon Lowe, succeeding his father to the baronetcy. Gordon's brother Arthur Lowe was also a tennis player and another brother, John, played first-class cricket.
He was ranked World No. 8 in 1914 by A. Wallis Myers of The Daily Telegraph.
In 1910 he won the singles title at the British Covered Court Championships, played at the Queen's Club in London, defeating his brother Arthur in the final in three straight sets. He won the singles title at Monte Carlo three times, in 1920, 1921, 1923 and the South of France Championships in 1923. He also competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics and the 1920 Summer Olympics.
From 1932 to 1936 he was the editor of the Lowe's Lawn Tennis Annual.
Grand Slam finals
Singles (1 title)
Doubles (3 runner-ups)
References
Bud Collins: Total Tennis - The Ultimate Tennis Encyclopedia (2003 Edition, ).
External links
Tennis trophies go under the hammer
1884 births
1972 deaths
20th-century English sportsmen
Australasian Championships (tennis) champions
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
British male tennis players
English male tennis players
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles
Olympic tennis players for Great Britain
People from Edgbaston
Tennis players at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Tennis players from the West Midlands (county) |
17997537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halftime%20Magazine | Halftime Magazine | Halftime Magazine an American magazine focusing on the marching arts. The first issue debuted in the summer of 2007. It is a publication of Muse Media, LLC, which is based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The bimonthly magazine covers high school marching bands, college marching bands, drum corps, winter guards, and indoor drum line. Since 2021, the magazine has been on hiatus.
References
External links
2007 establishments in Ohio
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
Lifestyle magazines published in the United States
Music magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 2007
Magazines published in Cincinnati |
17997593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inayatullah | Inayatullah | Inayatullah, () also spelled Enayat Ollah etc. () is a male Muslim given name and surname composed of the elements Inayat, meaning care and Allah, meaning of God. It most commonly occurrs in Islamic Iranic & Turkic communities. It may refer to:
Historical
Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh (1608–1671), Indian scholar, writer and historian
Shah Inayatullah (ca. 1613–ca. 1701), Sindhi revolutionary poet
Inayetullah Khan (fl. 1692), Mughal administrator of Sylhet in Bengal
Qazi Syed Inayatullah (died ca. 1713), scholar of Fiqh from Haryana, India
Given Name
Inayatullah Khan (1888 –1946), king of Afghanistan
Inayatullah Khan, also known as Allama Mashriqi (1888-1963), Pakistani mathematician, political theorist and Islamic scholar
Sardar Inayatullah Khan Gandapur (1919–2005), Pakistani politician
Inayatullah (editor) (1920 - 1999), Founding editor of Hikayat Digest, Pakistan
Enayatollah Reza (1920-2010) Iranian historian and philosopher
Inayat Ollah Khan Niazi (born 1940), Pakistani military officer
Enayatollah Bakhshi (born 1945), Iranian Actor
Enayatollah Atashi (born 1946), Iranian Basketball Coach
Choudhry Inayatullah Pakistani journalist, founder editor of Daily Mashriq
Enayatullah Enayat, Afghan provincial governor
Inayatullah (Guantanamo detainee 10029), Afghan, captured in 2007
Enayat Ullah (born 1992), musician and singer, Pakistan
Inayat Ullah (wrestler), Pakistani wrestler
Surname
Sohail Inayatullah (born 1958), Pakistani-Australian futurologist
Attiya Inayatullah, Pakistani politician
See also
Inayat Khan (disambiguation)
Arabic-language masculine given names
Masculine given names |
17997595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Hicks%20%28journalist%29 | Jon Hicks (journalist) | Jon Hicks was the former editor-in-chief of the UK edition of the Official Xbox Magazine between 2007 and 2014. He wrote the first published review of Rockstar Games' Grand Theft Auto IV.
Hicks previously worked on the launch of Windows Vista: The Official Magazine and has written for many print publications including PC Gamer, PC Format, GamesMaster, PC Zone, SFX, Edge, PC Plus, .net, Windows XP Magazine, Stuff, and The Mail on Sunday.
See also
Official Xbox Magazine
PC Gamer
References
External links
OXM Announces New Editor
Joystiq: First Grand Theft Auto IV Review
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
British male journalists |
17997607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notary%20public%20%28Florida%29 | Notary public (Florida) | In the U.S. state of Florida, a notary public is a public officer appointed by the governor of the state to take acknowledgments, administer oaths, attest to photocopies of certain documents, solemnize marriage, protest the non-acceptance or non-payment of negotiable instruments , and perform other duties specified by law.
A notary may only perform a notarial act upon receipt of satisfactory proof of identity (i.e. a driver's license or other form of identification card), or by the notary's own personal knowledge of the person appearing before them, or upon the sworn statement of two witnesses who personally know the person whose signature is to be authenticated. A notary may not notarize their own signature, or the signature of their spouse, parent, or child.
Authority of a Florida notary public
Notaries public in Florida have the authority to take acknowledgments, administer oaths, solemnize marriage, certify the contents of a safe-deposit box, certify the vehicle identification number of a motor vehicle, and certify copies of documents which are not public records.
Acknowledgments are usually taken in correlation with a real estate transaction, but are often used in cases where a mere "identity verification" is needed to ensure that the document is being executed by an authorized party.
Oaths are administered orally in depositions and court hearings in which a party is being sworn in over the telephone instead of being personally present before a judge. In this respect, notaries administer oaths in the same way as a judge. Many court reporters are also notaries, as this allows one person to both swear the party in for a deposition and to transcribe the deposition. Oaths are also administered in the form of affidavits and other sworn statements on paper.
Marriages may be legally solemnized by a notary public between parties who present the notary with a valid marriage license. The law has no requirements for the form of a marriage ceremony, therefore many notaries perform both civil and religious marriage ceremonies.
The contents of a safe-deposit box are certified by a notary public in cases where the owner has died or otherwise abandoned the safe-deposit box. In this case, the notary must be present while a bank official and other witness open the box. The notary then certifies the contents of the box and makes a certificate thereof for presentation to the court or to the personal representative of the Decedent's estate.
Notaries are authorized by Florida law to verify a vehicle identification number and certify this fact to the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles when that vehicle has not previously been registered with the state.
A notary public may supervise the copying (or printing, as the case may be) of any record and attest to the trueness of the resulting copy or printout. The record being copied (or printed) cannot be a vital record, nor can it be a public record (if a copy can be obtained from the custodian of the public record).
The most rare of notarial duties in Florida is the drafting of protests, i.e. certificates of dishonor, which certify that payment on a negotiable instrument has been refused. This is an antiquated act that appears only one place in the Florida statutes.
Commission requirements
Any individual at least 18 years of age who is a resident of Florida may apply for and obtain commission as a notary public, provided that they have obtained a $7,500.00 public bond from an insurance company, and taken a notary education course administered by an authorized course provider. Such commission is usually obtained by legal secretaries, paralegals, and attorneys for use in their place of work, where the notarization of client signatures is a requirement on many court pleadings and other documents. However, occupation in the legal profession is not a prerequisite to becoming a notary, and a person of any profession may apply for and obtain a commission. Many banks also have notaries on staff to notarize the signatures of their customers.
Seal requirements
A notary seal of the rubber stamp type is required to be affixed to all notarized paper documents. The rubber stamp must include the commissioned name of the notary public, the words "Notary Public-State of Florida", the notary's commission number, and the date on which the notary's commission expires. Prior to the mid-1970s, the only statutory requirement regarding notarial seals was that one be used and that it include the words "Notary Public" and "State of Florida at Large"; the name of the notary was optional, and the law did not specify what types of seals were permissible. This law was later amended to state that the seal must be round in design and of either the rubber stamp or impression type. In the early 1990s, the statute was again changed to require a rubber stamp seal, with an impression type seal being optional and not acceptable unless used in conjunction with a rubber stamp. However, many notaries continue to use the impression seal with their rubber stamp to allow for easy detection when trying to determine which document is an original. This process is made more difficult for notaries who only use a rubber stamp seal, as the Florida statutes require that the seal be affixed in only photographically-reproducible black ink.
References
External links
Official state notary website
https://legaldocprepnotary.com/how-to-be-a-notary-in-florida/
Government of Florida
Florida law
Region-specific legal occupations
Notary |
17997634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar%20%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201912%29 | Aleksandar Živković (footballer, born 1912) | Aleksandar Živković (25 December 1912 – 25 February 2000) was a Croatian footballer. Domestically, he played for Croatian clubs Concordia Zagreb and Građanski Zagreb, while abroad he played for Grasshopper Club Zürich and RCF Paris, CA Paris and FC Sochaux-Montbéliard.
Club career
He was one of the top goalscorers in the Royal Yugoslavian championship with 34 goals from 1929 to 1935,
International career
Živković was capped 15 times for the Yugoslavia national team and once for the Croatia national team in 1940.
Živković was one of seven Croatian players to boycott the Yugoslavia national team at the 1930 FIFA World Cup after the Football Association of Yugoslavia was moved from Zagreb to Belgrade. Živković made his international debut on 2 August 1931 (aged 18 years 7 months 8 days) against Czechoslovakia and scored the opening goal of a 2–1 win. Živković was the top scorer at the 1932 Balkan Cup, with five goals. He was also part of the Yugoslavia team that won the 1935 Balkan Cup, contributing with 2 goals. With 10 goals in the Balkan Cup, he is the shared third all-time top goal scorer in the competition's history, alongside Asen Panchev who also has 10, and only behind Bulgaria's Ljubomir Angelov (14) and Romania's Iuliu Bodola (15).
After retirement
During the Second World War, Živković had served as a diplomat in the Independent State of Croatia's embassies in Berlin and Budapest. In 1945, after the war, he migrated to South Africa, where he lived until 1993, when he moved back to the newly independent Republic of Croatia. He died in Zagreb in 2000, aged 87, and was interred in Mirogoj cemetery.
International goals
Yugoslavia score listed first, score column indicates score after each Živković goal.
List of international goals scored by Aleksandar Živković
Honours
Yugoslavia
Balkan Cup: 1935; runner-up 1932, 1933
Individual
Balkan Cup top scorer: 1932 with 5 goals
References
Sources
Nogometni leksikon (2004, in Croatian)
External links
1912 births
2000 deaths
People from Orašje
People of the Independent State of Croatia
Croatian emigrants to South Africa
Men's association football forwards
Croatian men's footballers
Croatia men's international footballers
Yugoslav men's footballers
Yugoslavia men's international footballers
Dual internationalists (men's football)
HŠK Concordia players
Grasshopper Club Zurich players
HŠK Građanski Zagreb players
Racing Club de France Football players
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
Yugoslav First League players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Yugoslav expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in France
Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery
Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatian diplomats |
17997676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierpont%20Inn | Pierpont Inn | The Pierpont Inn is a Craftsman bungalow-style hotel in Ventura, California, United States, on a bluff overlooking the Santa Barbara Channel. Built in 1910 for motoring tourists, the complex is City of San Buenaventura Historic Landmark Number 80. Josephine Pierpont thought the site on a bluff overlooking the ocean could serve the increasing number of automobile enthusiasts who would travel along the Pacific Coast looking for a place to rest.
History
In 1908, Josephine Pierpont bought land on a bluff overlooking the ocean in Ventura, California for development as a site for an inn. She felt the inn could serve the increasing number of automobile enthusiasts who would travel along the Pacific Coast looking for a place to rest and enjoy a home-cooked meal. She hired Sumner P. Hunt to build a Craftsman Style bungalow inn on the site. It opened in September 1910, originally as "The Wayside Inn", later changed to "The Pierpont Inn".
Josephine's son Austen Pierpont ran the Inn for the first many years, expanding it in 1925 by adding two English Tudor-style cottages surrounded by a lush, garden setting. He also developed the idea of turning the inn into a country club, but the idea never came to fruition.
The inn changed hands several times and fell into disrepair until it was rescued by Mrs. Mattie Vickers Gleichmann in 1928. After Mattie's husband, professional baseball player Gus Gleichmann, was forced to leave the sport after being injured, they decided to pursue a career in hospitality. Mattie borrowed $80,000 from her father Ashby Christian Vickers, a prominent Ventura farmer, to purchase and renovate the inn. It reopened in 1929 as a family affair, as her husband, mother, sister, brother-in-law and children all worked on and around the property.
In 1938, Gus Gleichmann was killed in an automobile accident and Mattie decided to continue operation of the Inn without him to fulfill the dream of being able to provide a future for their children. This dream became a reality when her son Ted returned from World War II and embraced the role of general manager. Ted Gleichmann brought modernization to the Inn and added an East Wing with 12 guestrooms including fireplaces in 1954. Architect Robert R. Jones designed the Mattie Gleichmann House (50's Flat) in 1953 and the two-story East Wing in 1957-58.
Later Ted added the Bluff House and West Wing to bring the total number of rooms to 72. In addition to his duties at the Inn, Ted was a championship-winning, amateur PGA golfer. Among his victories was the 1963 Bing Crosby Invitational Tournament (now known as the AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am). Through his success in the golf world, he attracted many of his famous social contacts to the Inn.
In the 1950s, the Ventura Freeway was built below the bluff that the Inn sits on.
In 1976, Spencer and Scott Garrett (grandchildren of Mattie Gleichmann's sister) leased the then-vacant parcel of land adjacent to the Inn to build one of the nation's first multi-purpose athletic facilities, "The Pierpont Racquet Club". After Mattie's death in 1996 at the age of 100, the Inn was eventually sold to the Garretts. In 2005 the Garretts sold the inn to Central Coast Management Inc. In 2009, Central Coast Management Inc. sold the inn to the Pierpont Group LLC, headed by investor Grace S. Ahn.
The Pierpont Inn and Spa became a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, in 2002.
The property went into bankruptcy auction in late 2012 and the Inn transferred from the Ahn Family Trust to Brighton Management. Wyndham Garden Ventura Pierpont Inn was the new name selected when Brighton Management signed a franchise agreement with Wyndham's national reservation system in December 2013. Renovations to the rooms and grounds were needed after a period of neglect. In 2015, DKN Hotels acquired the property and stated that the renovations would continue along with remaining under the Wyndham franchise. Three Thrones Hospitality, who took over the property, proposed updating, refurbishing, and renovating the hotel in 2023.
Notable guests
The Inn was a playground for elite society. Tinsel-town notables such as Cecil B. DeMille, Bette Davis, Edward G. Robinson and Charlie Chaplin all took breaks from filming in Hollywood by escaping to the charming location.
The property was also a hideaway for scandalous lovers such as Clark Gable & Carole Lombard and Humphrey Bogart & Lauren Bacall, many of whom, because they were married to others, desired to have their privacy protected. The Inn's remote location provided the perfect venue to escape the limelight.
Local attorney Erle Stanley Gardner authored his "Perry Mason" series in his law office down the road from the Inn and actually used it as a backdrop for many of his novels, particularly in "The Case of the Velvet Claws." George H. W. Bush along with wife Barbara (with their son George W. Bush in tow) spent considerable time at the Inn between 1949-1950 while Bush senior was apprenticing in the oil business.
See also
City of Ventura Historic Landmarks and Districts
References
External links
City of Ventura. "City Landmarks, Points of Interest, and Historic Districts". Historic Preservation in Ventura webpage.
Hotels in California
Buildings and structures in Ventura, California
Hotels established in 1910
History of Ventura County, California
Landmarks in Ventura, California
Tourist attractions in Ventura County, California
Sumner Hunt buildings
American Craftsman architecture in California
Bungalow architecture in California
1910 establishments in California
Historic Hotels of America |
17997710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir%20Fund | Meir Fund | Meir Fund is an American Orthodox rabbi, Kabbalist, and spiritual leader of Congregation Sheves Achim, 1517 Avenue H, in Brooklyn, New York. He comes from a long line of rabbis in Europe and was close with both Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik during his student days and with Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach.
In October 1977, on Succos, Rabbi Fund performed at a concert in the Gramercy Park Brotherhood Synagogue's succah that jointly benefited the Hopi Legal Fund, which defended Hopi lands in the West from being strip mined, and Moshav Me'or Modin, a communal settlement in Israel led by Rabbi Shlomo Carlbach.
Since 1992, he has led Kabbalah classes in the Greenwich Village Synagogue. He also led Kabbalah classes at the 92nd Street Y. According to Fund, Kabbalah is analogous to an ocean.
References
American Orthodox rabbis
Religious leaders from Brooklyn
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
17997726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political%20party%20strength%20in%20American%20Samoa | Political party strength in American Samoa | The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the United States insular area of American Samoa:
Governor
Lieutenant Governor
The table also indicates the historical party composition in the:
Territorial Senate
Territorial House of Representatives
Territory delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives
For a particular year, the noted partisan composition is that which either took office during that year or which maintained the office throughout the year. Only changes made outside regularly scheduled elections are noted as affecting the partisan composition during a particular year. Shading is determined by the final result of any mid-cycle changes in partisan affiliation.
See also
Politics of American Samoa
Elections in American Samoa
Government of American Samoa |
17997743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20for%20Treaty%20and%20First%20Peoples | Minister for Treaty and First Peoples | The Minister for Treaty and First Peoples, previously the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, is the Victorian Government minister with responsibility for the administration and development of health, education, justice, and social services for Indigenous communities. The individual who holds this office achieves the Government's objectives through oversight of the Indigenous branch of the Department of Premier and Cabinet and other government ministries and agencies. The current Minister for Treaty and First Peoples is Natalie Hutchins, a representative of the Labor Party, who has held the position since October 2023.
List of ministers
References
Treaty and First Peoples
Indigenous affairs ministries
1967 establishments in Australia
Ministries established in 1967 |
17997744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullion%20%28disambiguation%29 | Mullion (disambiguation) | A mullion is a structural element which divides adjacent window units.
Mullion may also refer to:
Mullion (geology), a geological term for structures formed by extension
Mullion, Cornwall, a village and parish in Cornwall, England
Mullion, New South Wales, a locality in Australia
Mullion Cove, a harbour and cove in Cornwall, England
Mullion Creek, New South Wales, a town in Australia
Mullion Island, a small island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England
Mullion School, in Mullion, Cornwall, England
People with the surname
Annabel Mullion (born 1969), English actress |
17997752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri-Zone | Tri-Zone | The National Triathlon or Tri-Zone is a relatively new event for Venture Scouts, that was run for the first time in September 2005. In this physical challenge, teams of two people from a Venture Group complete a set course combining rafting, cycling and mountaineering.
Teams
Each team consists of two ventures, who must be registered as Venture Scouts in the National Office. Mixed teams are allowed, as long as two separate tents are provided for the team.
Equipment
The equipment that is brought is arguably the most important aspect for any team. The recommended items to bring are:
Food and cooking facilities (i.e. trangia)
Tent(s)
Hiking Boots
Raingear
The participant's own bike
Runners for rafting (these will get wet) and runners for cycling
Sleeping bag, spare clothes etc...
First aid kit
Competition
Although Tri-Zone is technically a competition, it is also an opportunity for Ventures to have fun, and try new things.
See also
Scouting Ireland
Triathlon
Ventures
References
Scouting events
Recurring events established in 2005 |
17997770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper%20Canada%20Repertory%20Company | Upper Canada Repertory Company | The Upper Canada Repertory Company is a theatre company in Toronto, Ontario, Canada founded by Rochelle Douris in 2001. It offers a training program for young actors as well as professional stagings of classic and contemporary work.
Production history
Her Infinite Variety, 2002 (Jane Mallet Theatre)
Simply Chekhov, 2003 (Jane Mallet Theatre)
Turks & Infidels, 2003 (Jane Mallet Theatre)
The Comedy Show, 2004 (Jane Mallet Theatre)
North Stars, 2005 (Equity Showcase Theatre)
Troilus and Cressida: Redux, 2006 (Berkeley Street Theatre)
Macbeth: Reloaded, 2007 (Berkeley Street Theatre)
A Midsummer Night's Dream, 2008 (Walmer Theatre)
A Streetcar Named Desire, 2008 (Walmer Theatre)
Romeo and Juliet, 2009 (The Theatre Centre)
A Midsummer Night's Dream, 2009 (Marsh Street Theatre)
A Streetcar Named Desire, 2009 (Marsh Street Theatre)
The Children's Hour, 2010 (The Theatre Centre)
Twelfth Night, 2010 (The Theatre Centre)
"Little Women", 2011 (George Ignatieff Theatre)
"The Outsiders", 2011 (George Ignatieff Theatre)
"The Lord of the Flies", 2012 (The Theatre Centre)
"The Great Gatsby", 2012 (The Theatre Centre)
"The Taming of the Shrew", 2013 (DanceMakers Theatre)
"Alice Unchained", 2014 (DanceMakers Theatre)
Summer Camps
Camps since 2011 have included a Shakespeare camp, a Musical Theatre ("Broadway") camp, and a one-week film acting intensive.
Junior Repertory Company
Members of the company participate in actor training at a high level reflecting professional-style training.
Membership is by audition and invitation only.
The program consists of twenty-six classes of training and rehearsal followed by a spring performance. Weekly five-hour class sessions teach acting, improvisation, theatre history, dance and singing, followed by rehearsal and performance of a play.
References
Theatre companies in Toronto |
17997774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20895 | HD 895 | HD 895 is a multiple star system in the constellation Andromeda. Its apparent magnitude is 6.277, so it can be seen by the naked eye under very favourable conditions. Based on parallax measured by Hipparcos, the system is located around away, and it is made of two different spectroscopic binary pairs.
The first pair is made of a primary yellow giant star of spectral type G0III, and the secondary subgiant star of spectral type K2IV, so they have both left the main sequence evolutionary phase. They are also both more massive than the Sun. The secondary completes an orbit around the primary every 421 years.
The second pair is a double-lined spectroscopic binary located 18 arcseconds away from the first pair, although with an apparent magnitude of 10.37 it is too faint to be seen without a telescope. It was not recognized as a separate pair in the old Bright Star Catalogue and Henry Draper Catalogue, thus it bears the designation HD 895C. They are both G-type main sequence stars slightly less massive than the Sun, with spectral types G7V and G8V respectively. They complete an orbit around their center of mass approximately every 6 days.
Using Gaia parallax, instead, the pair formed by the primary and the secondary is much closer than previous measures, at an estimated distance of 175 light years. The two pairs, then, may be not gravitationally bound.
References
Andromeda (constellation)
000895
G-type giants
0040
001076
Durchmusterung objects
Multiple stars |
17997793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dany%20Saval | Dany Saval | Dany Saval (born Danielle Nadine Suzanne Savalle; 5 January 1942) is a French former actress.
Her career flourished during the 1950s and 1960s. Best known in America as one of a trio of airline stewardesses being shuffled around by Tony Curtis and Jerry Lewis in the slapstick comedy Boeing Boeing, in which she played alongside Thelma Ritter, Christiane Schmidtmer, and Suzanna Leigh.
Dany Saval retired from the film and entertainment business in the late 1980s. She has a daughter named Stephanie Jarre (daughter of Maurice Jarre, her first husband), and currently resides in Paris with her fourth husband, Michel Drucker.
Selected filmography
External links
1942 births
Living people
Actresses from Paris
French film actresses
Jarre family |
17997796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille%20Lagesse | Camille Lagesse | Camille Henri Raoul Lagesse DFC & Bar (10 January 1893 – 15 February 1976) was a Canadian First World War flying ace, officially credited with 20 victories.
Text of citations
Distinguished Flying Cross
"Lt. (T./Capt.) Camille Henri Raoul Lagesse.
When on wireless interception duty Capt. Lagesse, in company with another officer, was attacked by seven scouts. Engaging one, he followed it down from 11,000 feet to 2,000 feet, when it crashed. Bold in attack, skilful in execution, he has proved himself on many occasions to be a fine airman."
Distinguished Flying Cross - Bar
"Lieut. (A../Capt.) Camille Henri Raoul Lagesse, D.F.C. (FRANCE)
A scout leader of marked ability and daring who, since 28 August, has destroyed thirteen enemy aeroplanes, displaying at all times brilliant leadership and courage. On 2 October, when leading a patrol of four machines, he dived on eight Fokkers; four of these were destroyed, Captain Lagesse accounting for one."
References
Notes
Websites
Further reading
Aces of Canada: Camille Lagesse. n.d. <http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/canada/lagesse.html>.
Canadian World War I flying aces
1893 births
1976 deaths
Canadian recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Royal Flying Corps officers |
17997817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive%20Care%20Foundation | Intensive Care Foundation | The Intensive Care Foundation is a charity dedicated to improving the care of critically ill patients by raising funds for vital clinical research as well as educating health professionals responsible for intensive care.
The Foundation's overall aim is to improve the number and quality of lives saved within an intensive care unit each year.
Research
Intensive care teams rely on the latest research to ensure they can give the best life-saving treatment to their patients. To date, the Foundation has provided 52 grants to Australian and New Zealand research projects totaling more than $1.7 million since 1999. In 2007 almost a quarter of a million was granted.
Annual appeal
Launched in 2000, the Intensive Care Appeal is a major fund-raising event held annually in Australia and New Zealand to create awareness and raise funds by selling wristbands and key tags – in 2008 a four-colored pen with a safety pull-apart lanyard will be introduced.
The theme for the 2008 Appeal is "Keep the Beat" with rock legend Jimmy Barnes being the face of the Appeal. The Appeal will run from 14 to 27 April, with Intensive Care Day taking place on Friday 18 April. Intensive Care Day gives ICUs across Australia and New Zealand the chance to celebrate the miracle of intensive care, the theme for the day is Keep the Beat – Rock On!
The Appeal merchandise is sold in ANZ branches throughout Australia, Souvlakihut stores in Victoria, Jesters Pie stores throughout New Zealand, and ICUs across Australia and New Zealand. The Foundation also has support from volunteers who help out with the Appeal every year.
Structure
The Foundation aims to raise the awareness and profile of intensive care throughout the community, highlighting the miracle work that intensive care doctors, nurses, and researchers perform as a part of their everyday job.
The Intensive Care Foundation was formed by the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) in 1990.
A legally independent charity with tax-exempt status, the Foundation operates in both Australia and New Zealand.
The Intensive Care Foundation has a fully constituted Board of Trustees consisting of senior medical and corporate members; a Sydney and Melbourne Corporate Committee and an independent Scientific Committee. The Corporate Committee members volunteer their time to provide invaluable advice and support to events, business, and financial matters for the Foundation.
The Scientific Committee is headed by an Executive Team with representatives from the intensive care community. They are responsible for rigorously reviewing Research Grant Applications and advising the Board on the selection of research projects for funding.
Supporters
The Intensive Care Foundation has several pharmaceutical and medical companies that support it financially. These companies understand the importance of the Foundation's mission - to fund life-saving research. Their financial support covers the majority of administrative costs, which means that every public dollar donated goes towards their Intensive Care Research.
Intensive Cooperative Members are:
AstraZeneca
Covidien (formerly known as Tyco Healthcare)
CSL Bioplasma
Eli Lilly
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare
Glaxo Smith Kline
Mayo Healthcare
Merck Sharp & Dohme
Philips
Wyeth
Edwards Lifesciences
Pharmatel Fresenius Kabi
References
Health charities in Australia
Medical and health organisations based in Australia
Foundations based in Australia
Intensive care organizations
Medical and health foundations |
17997844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundavai%20Pir%C4%81ttiy%C4%81r | Kundavai Pirāttiyār | Kundavai Pirattiyar, commonly known mononymously as Kundavai, was a Chola Indian princess who lived in the tenth century in South India. She was the daughter of Parantaka II and Vanavan Mahadevi. She was born in Tirukoilur and was the elder sister of Chola emperor Rajaraja I. She had title as Ilaiyapirātti Kundavai Nachiyar.
However, when her husband Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan was crowned king in his hometown Bana kingdom, she did not accept the offer to become queen of the kingdom and remained as the princess of Tanjore.
Life
Kundavai (also transliterated as Kundhavai or Kunthavai) was born in 945 CE. She was the only daughter of the Chola king Parantaka II and queen Vanavan Mahadevi. She had an elder brother – Aditha Chola II, and a younger brother – Raja Raja Chola I.
Kundavai married Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan, a member of the Bana dynasty, a feudatory of the Cholas mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions. He was also the commander of the Chola infantry that fought in Sri Lanka in the days of Rajaraja l. The territory under his authority was known as 'Vallavaraiyanadu', and occasionally 'Brahmadesam'.
Along with her great-aunt Sembiyan Mahadevi, Kundavai brought up her nephew, Rajendra I, who was the son of Rajaraja I and Thiripuvana Madeviyar, princess of Kodumbalur. Rajendra I spent most of his childhood in Pazhaiyarai with Kundavai and Sembiyan Mahadevi.
Life and works
Kundavai commissioned many temples for Tirthankars, Vishnu and Siva. She revered many Jain Monks and Vedantic seers . She features in Chola inscriptions.
She is believed to have built many Jain temples but at least two Jain temples have inscriptions that records to have been built by her, one at Rajarajeswaram later known as Darasuram and the other at Tirumalai. She built a hospital after her father named Vinnagar athura salai at Thanjavur and donated extensive lands for its maintenance. She made lavish donations to the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur during the reign of her younger brother Rajaraja Chola I and her nephew Rajendra Chola I.
One of the inscriptions reads:
Some of the images or idols set up by princess Kundavai include:
Here is an excerpt from the 29th year of Rajaraja that lists some of her gifts to Brihadeeswarar Temple:
Kundavai spent the last days of her life with her nephew Rajendra I at the palace in Pazhaiyarai.
Influence
Kundavai is celebrated as mentor to Rajaraja I. Her influence continued into the next generation as she helped rear Rajendra Chola. Uniquely for her era, where royal women were used to forge alliances, Kundavai's father allowed her to exercise her free will, whereupon the princess resolved to stay in the Chola kingdom all her life. Esteemed throughout the Chola realm for her taste and learning, Kundavai was requested to look after the daughters of other royal clans, tutoring them in art, music, and literature.
In popular culture
Ponniyin Selvan a 1955 historical fiction novel by Kalki Krishnamurthy revolves around the early days of Rajaraja, the mysteries surrounding the assassination of Aditha Karikalan and the subsequent accession of Uttama to the Chola throne.
Trisha Krishnan portrayed Kundavai Pirattiyar in the movies Ponniyin Selvan: I and Ponniyin Selvan: II.
See also
Ponniyin Selvan
Ponniyin Selvan I
Ponniyin Selvan II
References
Further reading
Great women of India By Madhavananda (Swami.), Ramesh Chandra Majumdar
Lalit kalā, Issue 15, Lalit Kalā Akademi., 1972
Middle Chola temples: Rajaraja I to Kulottunga I (A.D. 985–1070) By S. R. Balasubrahmanyam, Oriental Press, 1977
Śrīnidhiḥ: perspectives in Indian archaeology, art, and culture By K. R. Srinivasan, K. V. Raman
Encyclopaedia of Jainism, Volume 1 By Indo-European Jain Research Foundation
Portrait sculpture in south India By T. G. Aravamuthan
Ancient system of oriental medicine By S.P. Verma
Worshiping Śiva in medieval India: ritual in an oscillating universe By Richard H. Davis
Women in Indian life and society By Amitābha Mukhopādhyāẏa
A Topographical List of Inscriptions in the Tamil Nadu and Kerala States, Volume 7, T. V. Mahalingam, Indian Council of Historical Research, 1985
Śāṅkaram: recent researches on Indian culture By S. Sankaranarayanan, S. S. Ramachandra Murthy, B. Rajendra Prasad, D. Kiran Kranth Choudary
South Indian inscriptions: Volume 2, Parts 1–2 By Eugen Hultzsch, India. Archaeological Survey, India. Dept. of Archaeology
Encyclopaedia of Status and Empowerment of Women in India: Status and position of women in ancient, medieval and modern India By Raj Pruthi, Rameshwari Devi, Romila Pruthi
Chola dynasty
Queens consort of India
Tamil history
Year of death missing
10th-century Hindus
10th-century Indian women
10th-century Indian people
Chola princesses |
17997856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20tribut%20de%20Zamora | Le tribut de Zamora | is a grand opera in four acts by Charles Gounod, to a libretto by Adolphe d'Ennery and Jules Brésil set in Moorish Spain shortly after the Battle of Zamora in 939 CE. The work was premiered at the Paris Opera's Palais Garnier on 1 April 1881.
It was Gounod's last work for the stage. The libretto was offered to Gounod after negotiations with Giuseppe Verdi stalled. The premiere was a success, Hermosa's patriotic (sung by Gabrielle Krauss) being enthusiastically encored, and praise being showered on the magnificent costumes by Eugène Lacoste and the four settings designed by Auguste Alfred Rubé and Philippe Chaperon (acts 1 and 4), Jean-Baptiste Lavastre (act 2), Antoine Lavastre and Eugène Carpezat (act 3). The piece ran for 34 performances.
Twentieth century criticism is less kind, calling it "musty...too reminiscent of his earlier work" or dismissing it as an exercise in spagnuolismo (Hispanicism).
Roles
Synopsis
Scene: Moorish Spain shortly after the Moors defeated the Spanish forces under Ramiro II of León in the Battle of Zamora in 939 CE.
Act 1
A public square in Oviedo. In the background the Spanish royal palace.
Manoël, a young Spanish soldier, greets his bride Xaïma on their wedding day. The festivities are interrupted by Ben-Saïd, envoy of the caliph of Cordoba, riding up accompanied by his entourage.
Since the Moors defeated the Spaniards at the Battle of Zamora they claim a tribute of one hundred virgins each year. Only Oviedo, as a royal seat, has so far been spared. Now Ben-Saïd has come to demand of King Ramiro II that Oviedo supply twenty virgins as its quota. Xaïma appears in her wedding gown. She mourns the outcome of the battle of Zamora, in which she lost her family.
Ben-Saïd is enthralled by Xaïma's temperament and beauty and decides he will keep her for himself and promises to treat her royally. Manoël presents himself as Xaïma's bridegroom; Ben-Saïd decides to prevent the wedding. He goes into the royal palace, Xaïma and the angry Manoël stay behind. Xaïma vows to him that nothing can change her love.
The people gather to celebrate the wedding. The king appears, and it is announced that Oviedo will contribute its share of the tribute; twenty virgins will be handed over to the Moors that day. Manoël attempts to arouse the Spaniards to rebellion but the King implores them to accept the sacrifice to prevent further bloodshed.
The girls to be delivered to the Moors are chosen by lot, which falls on Xaïma and her friend Iglésia. Xaïma and Manoël are desperate. He curses Ben-Saïd, who continues to desire Xaïma. The Spanish people promise Manoël help. Together they sing their national anthem.
Act 2
A bazaar on the shore of the Guadalquivir near Córdoba
The Moorish soldiers celebrate their victory over the Spanish in the battle of Zamora. Hermosa, a madwoman who was captured in that battle, appears and asks them to cease glorying in their triumph over her people. The soldiers mock her but she is protected by Hadjar, brother of Ben-Saïd, who took her as booty. Hadjar quotes a verse from the Koran to prevent the Moors harming Hermosa – "Consider as saints the madmen, otherwise be cursed". Hermosa has a vision of herself united in heaven with her children.
The virgins arrive to be auctioned off and Manoël, who has disguised himself as a Berber in order to follow Xaïma, also arrives on the scene. Hadjar recognises him as the man who once saved his life in battle and offers his help when he learns that Manoël is in love with Xaïma.
In the auction Ben-Saïd bids a huge sum of money for Xaïma and thereby wins her, to Manoël's despair.
Act 3
In the palace of Ben-Saïd
Ben-Saïd attempts to win the love of Xaïma but she rejects him and leaves. Hadjar enters with Manoël whom he presents to his brother as the man who saved his life and asks that he be given the freedom of the empire. When Ben-Saïd refuses, Manoël denounces him and tries to attack him but is disarmed. Manoël is about to be put to death when Xaïma returns and appeals to Ben-Saïd for mercy. Ben-Saïd agrees to spare his life if Manoël will leave the territory immediately.
Xaïma, alone, is in despair, when she is met by Hermosa. When Hermosa learns that Xaïma comes from Zamora, she slowly regains her wits and has a vision of how her husband was burnt alive during that battle. She sings the national anthem in remembrance (Air: ). Hermosa recognises Xaïma as her daughter and the two joyfully celebrate their reunion.
Act 4
The gardens of Ben-Saïd's palace
Manoël has climbed over the walls into the garden to see Xaïma one last time. She joins him and they decide to die together. Manoël takes his dagger, about to stab her through the heart and then kill himself, when Hermosa appears and snatches the weapon from him. Ben-Saïd enters whereupon Manoël and Hermosa leave. Ben-Saïd once more implores Xaïma to accept his love and she again refuses. He orders her to join him in the palace, but on the steps Hermosa once again intervenes and begs him to spare her daughter. When he shows no intention of doing so, Hermosa takes the dagger she seized from Manoël and stabs Ben-Saïd through the heart. Hadjar comes onto the scene and pardons Hermosa on the grounds of insanity.
Revival
The opera was given a concert performance by the Münchner Rundfunkorchester and the Chor des Bayerischen Rundfunks on 28 January 2018.
Recording
2018: Judith van Wanroij (Xaima), Jennifer Holloway (Hermosa), Edgaras Montvidas (Manoel), Tassis Christoyannis (Ben-Said), Boris Pinkhasovich (Handjar), Juliette Mars (Iglésia), Münchner Rundfunkorchester, Chor des Bayerischen Rundfunks, Hervé Niquet, conductor; CD Bru Zane Cat: BZ1033
References
Notes
Sources
James Harding, Gounod (London: Allen and Unwin, 1973)
Steven Huebner, The Operas of Charles Gounod (Oxford: Clarendon, 1990).
External links
Le tribut de Zamora, images, Gallica
French-language operas
Operas by Charles Gounod
1881 operas
Operas
Opera world premieres at the Paris Opera
Operas set in Spain
Operas set in the 10th century |
17997858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowflake%20Midnight | Snowflake Midnight | Snowflake Midnight is the seventh studio album from Mercury Rev. It was released on September 29, 2008 in the UK, and September 30 in the US.
Made available on the same day from the band's website was a "companion" album, Strange Attractor. This eleven-track instrumental album was given away free as an MP3 download. The vinyl edition of "Snowflake Midnight" includes the "Strange Attractor" album as a bonus LP.
Track listing
Snowflake Midnight
All songs written by Jonathan Donahue, Sean "Grasshopper" Mackowiak and Jeff Mercel.
"Snowflake in a Hot World" – 3:58
"Butterfly's Wing" – 4:06
"Senses on Fire" – 3:30
"People are So Unpredictable (There's No Bliss Like Home)" – 6:40
"October Sunshine" – 2:12
"Runaway Raindrop" – 5:55
"Dream of a Young Girl as a Flower" – 7:55
"Faraway from Cars" – 3:19
"A Squirrel and I (Holding On...and Then Letting Go)" – 3:54
Singles
Senses on Fire / Butterfly's Wing (Remixes) (October 27, 2008)
"Senses on Fire" (Fujiya & Miyagi Remix)
"Senses on Fire" (James Holden Remix)
"Butterfly's Wing" (ISAN Alien Adoption Remix)
"Butterfly's Wing" (Carlos Anthony Molina "4 on the Flux" Mix)
Strange Attractor
"Love Is Pure"
"Taken Up into Clouds, Changed and Rained Down"
"Pure Joie de la Solitude"
"Persistence and the Apis Mellifera"
"Fable of a Silver Moon"
"Loop Lisse, Loop"
"In My Heart, a Strange Attractor"
"Incident on Abeel Street"
"Af Den Fader Kommer Den Sol"
"Because Because Because"
"Nocturne for Norwood"
Personnel
Mercury Rev
Jonathan Donahue – performing, recording, mixing
Sean "Grasshopper" Mackowiak – performing, recording, mixing
Jeff Mercel – performing, recording, mixing
Additional musicians
Carlos Anthony Molina – additional bass guitar
Jason Miranda – additional drums
Production
Dave Fridmann – producer, mixing
Scott Hull – mastering
Scott Petito – additional engineering
Frank Moscowitz – additional engineering
References
Mercury Rev albums
2008 albums
Albums free for download by copyright owner
Albums produced by Dave Fridmann |
17997871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation%20Cartier%20pour%20l%27Art%20Contemporain | Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain | The Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain, known simply as the Fondation Cartier, is a contemporary art museum located at 261 boulevard Raspail in the 14th arrondissement of the French capital, Paris.
History
The Fondation Cartier was created in 1984 by the Cartier SA firm as a center for contemporary art that presents exhibits by established artists, offers young artists a chance to debut, and incorporates works into its collection. The founding director was Marie-Claude Beaud.
In 1994, it moved to its current location in a glass building designed by Pritzker Prize architect Jean Nouvel on the site of the former American Center for Students and Artists, surrounded by a modern woodland garden landscaped by Lothar Baumgarten. The ground floor of the building is eight meters (26 feet) high and glassed in on all sides.
In 2011, the president and founder of the Fondation Cartier, Alain Dominique Perrin, asked Nouvel to draw up preliminary plans for a new base on Île Seguin. By 2014, the foundation abandoned plans to relocate to the island and instead commissioned Nouvel to work on the expansion of its current premises. By 2024, Fondation Cartier presented Nouvel's designs for a new site opposite the Louvre, occupying more than on the ground floor and lower levels of a listed building.
Collection
The museum displays exhibits of contemporary and international artists, and currently contains over 1500 works by more than 350 artists. Its collections include monumental works such as The Monument to Language by James Lee Byars, Caterpillar by Wim Delvoye, Backyard by Liza Lou, La Volière (The Aviary) by Jean-Pierre Raynaud, and Everything that Rises Must Converge by Sarah Sze; works by contemporary French artists including Vincent Beaurin, Gérard Garouste, Raymond Hains, Jean-Michel Othoniel, Alain Séchas, Pierrick Sorin, Jean Giraud; and works by foreign artists including James Coleman (Ireland), Thomas Demand (Germany), Alair Gomes (Brazil), William Kentridge (South Africa), Bodys Isek Kingelez (the Congo), Guillermo Kuitca (Argentina), Yukio Nakagawa (Japan), Huang Yong Ping (China), and Damian Pettigrew (Canada).
Exhibitions
The museum opens daily except Monday, with an admission fee. Nearby Paris Métro stations include Raspail or Denfert-Rochereau on Line 4 and Line 6.
1986 : Les Années 1960, la décade triomphante
1987 : Hommage à Ferrari
1988 : MDF des créateurs pour un matériau
1988 : Vraiment faux
1991 : La Vitesse
1992 : À visage découvert – Machines d'architecture
1993 : Azur
1994 : Nobuyoshi Araki – Jean-Michel Alberola
1995 : Vija Celmins – Thierry Kuntzel – James Lee Byars – Bodys Isek Kingelez – Défilés et Vestiaires de Macha Makeieff et Jérôme Deschamps – Malick Sidibé –
1996 : Double vie, Double vue – Comme un oiseau – Tatsuo Miyajima – Marc Couturier – By Night
1997 : Amours – Coïncidences – Alain Séchas – Patrick Vilaire
1997 : Histoire de voir – la collection de la Fondation Cartier dans l'art contemporain dans les chateaux du Bordelais – Marina Faust – Seydou Keita – Gabriel Orozco – Jean-Michel Othoniel
1998 : Issey Miyake – Être nature – Francesca Woodman – Panamarenko – Gérard Deschamps
1999 : Sarah Sze – Herb Ritts – 1 monde réel – Radi Designers – Gottfried Honneger
2000 : Bernard Piffaretti – Thomas Demand – Le Désert – Okhai Ojeikere – Guillermo Kuitca – Cai Guo-Qiang
2001 : Gérard Garouste – William Eggleston – Un art populaire – Pierrick Sorin – Alair Gomes
2002 : Ce qui arrive – Takashi Murakami – Fragilisme
2003 : Daido Moriyama – Jean-Michel Othoniel – les Yanomami –
2004 : Hiroshi Sugimoto – Raymond Depardon – Pain couture par Jean-Paul Gaultier – Chéri Samba – Marc Newson
2005 : Juergen Teller – Ron Mueck – John Maeda – J'en rêve – Adriana Varejão – Rinko Kawauchi
2006 : Tabaimo – Gary Hill – Agnès Varda – Tadanori Yokoo
2007 : Lee Bul – Robert Adams – Rock'n'roll 39–59 – David Lynch
2008 : Patti Smith – Andrea Branzi – César – Terre Natale, Ailleurs commence ici (Raymond Depardon / Paul Virilio)
2009 : Beatriz Milhazes – William Eggleston – Né dans la rue
2010 : Jean Giraud – Moebius-Transe-Forme – Metamoebius by Damian Pettigrew
2011 : Les Trésors du Vaudou – Mathématiques, un dépaysement soudain
2012 : Histoires de voir, Show and Tell – Yue Minjun : L'Ombre du sourire
2013 : Ron Mueck – America Latina 1960
2014 : Mémoires Vives, Vivid Memories – Diller & Scofidio + Renfro Musings on a Glass Box – Guillermo Kuitca Les Habitants 2015 : Bruce Nauman – Beauté Congo 1926–2015 Congo Kitoko
2021–2022: Damien Hirst – Cherry Blossoms See also
List of museums in Paris
World Architecture Survey
Sources
Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain
Paris.fr entry
Paris'', Petit Futé, 2007, page 129. .
References
Art museums and galleries in Paris
Jean Nouvel buildings
Art museums and galleries established in 1984
1984 establishments in France
Buildings and structures in the 14th arrondissement of Paris
Cartier
Tourist attractions in Paris
Cartier |
17997877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR%2040 | HR 40 | HR 40 may refer to
HD 895, a star system in the Andromeda constellation, also designated as HR 40
Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act, a proposed act to investigate potential reparations for slavery in the United States, introduced as H.R. 40 |
17997894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum%20of%20Indian%20Culture | Museum of Indian Culture | The Museum of Indian Culture is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and educational center in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
Founded in 1980, the center is dedicated to presenting, preserving, and perpetuating the history of the Lenape and other Northeastern Woodland Indian cultures. The Museum of Indian Culture is located in the Lehigh Parkway at 2825 Fish Hatchery Road in Allentown.
History
The Museum of Indian Culture was originally founded as the Lenni Lenape Historical Society's Museum of Indian Culture in 1980, the oldest exclusively Native American museum in Pennsylvania, with a focus on educating Pennsylvanians on the state's indigenous people.
The museum was founded by Dorothy Schiavone and her daughter, Carla Messinger. The building in which the museum is located is a historic Pennsylvania German stone farm house and two-story stone spring house built by the Bieber family around 1750.
After a change in administration in 2003, the museum sought to improve community relations between local federal government and federally recognized Native American tribes. In 2005, the museum was renamed. The museum has diversified by including exhibits from tribes across the western hemisphere.
The museum serves as a tool to help with Native American research and as way to educate people on Native American tribes. The museum hosts festivals and offers tours and community outreach programs to educate on Native American culture and history.
Exhibits
The Museum of Indian Culture houses a diverse collection of Native American items, including stone tools, ceramics, carvings, photographs, weapons, beadwork, and basketry. Artifacts originate from across North America and include a Californian Hupa basket collection, a Mexican Aztec ceremonial clothing display, and a stone tool assortment from a Lenape tribe in Pennsylvania.
One focus of the collection is the set of artefacts discovered by amateur archeologists Frank Sterling, Paul Delgrego, and W. W. Venney, who stumbled across the Broomall Rock Shelters after finding a skeleton in one of them. More than 3,000 years ago, Lenape Indians sought protection from the cold and rain in these shelters. An exhibit at the museum features artifacts from the shelters.
See also
List of historic places in Allentown, Pennsylvania
Native Americans in the United States
References
External links
Official website
Museums established in 1980
Museums in Allentown, Pennsylvania
Native American museums in Pennsylvania |
17997905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniaiti%20Marae%20%28Wallace%20P%C4%81%29 | Maniaiti Marae (Wallace Pā) | Maniaiti Marae or Wallace Pā is a marae in Manunui, 8km south-east from the outskirts of Taumarunui, in the central North Island of New Zealand.
Members of the marae are mostly the descendants of Nehuora and Te Wakatahurangi Te Warahi (née Chadwick), the latter being better known as "Nanny Maraea". Nanny Maraea was a staunch and well-respected matriarch, and was responsible for much of the marae's development. Nehuora was also greatly respected and performed the duty of delivering the family's children. It is thought he may have delivered over a hundred children during his lifetime, possibly many more as it was not restricted to just his family.
The marae is also known as Wallace Pā,as "Warahi" was transliterated to "Wallace" during the time when Māori people were being encouraged to take European names.The Wharenui,meeting house was Nanny Marea's own family house.The house was moved from up above on her farm and placed as part of Maniaiti Marae.Maniaiti translates to small flats,Now though many descendants of Warahi, and Chadwick and many family or whānau have other names, including Chadwick, Roderick, and Te Wano.
Tribal affiliation
The iwi (tribe) most affiliated with the marae is Ngāti Tuwharetoa, although Ngāti Kahungunu (the tribe of Nanny Maraea) are also closely associated. Most descendants associate with both iwi.
Through Ngāti Tuwharetoa, the whānau claim Ngāti Manunui as their hapū (subtribe), and Taupō-nui-a-Tia as their moana (lake). It is important in Māori culture to be able to show where lineage and rohe (area of origin) are located. An example is shown below of a common Ngāti Tuwharetoa pepeha (speech of introduction) or statement reflecting this:
Environment
The region of Ngapuke is a rural forestry area. The Pungapunga River runs to the back of the marae and is used for swimming and catching eel in hinaki (net catchments).
Future
In 2012, the marae received funding for a new wharepaku (bathroom and toilet block).
Some family members still live on the marae, but many live in other parts of New Zealand and Australia. Family members have been trying to raise funds to ensure the legacy of the Marae, and meeting notices are posted for gatherings to rebuild the Pā.
On 21 July 2012, the Wharepuni at Maniati was demolished by controlled burn, and will be replaced by new buildings.
A wharekai (dining hall) was moved and installed on the site in 2015.
In October 2020, the Government committed $1,560,379 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade the marae and 7 other nearby marae, creating 156 jobs.
References
Buildings and structures in Manawatū-Whanganui
Marae in New Zealand
Forts in New Zealand
Pā sites |
17997913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamat%20Hissene | Mahamat Hissene | Mahamat Hissene (died 7 July 2021) was a Chadian politician who served as the minister of communications and spokesman in the government of Youssouf Saleh Abbas. He also served in the National Assembly.
References
20th-century births
2021 deaths
Communication ministers of Chad
Members of the National Assembly (Chad) |
17997936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Torres | Larry Torres | Larry Torres is an American writer and educator who was an associate professor of foreign languages at the University of New Mexico in Taos, New Mexico. He has taught Russian, French, Spanish, English, bilingual education and ancient languages. In 2003, he was the head of the university's Fine Arts and Culture Department. He is also a founding member of the Governor's School for International Studies in Tennessee.
Torres is the author of Six Nuevomexicano Folk Dramas for Advent Season and has contributed to a number of other works. He is regularly recognized for his expertise in the culture and folklore of northern New Mexico.
In May 2019, Torres announced his retirement from teaching.
Early life
Larry Torres is the second of eight children born to parents who, themselves, never completed high school.
Awards and recognitions
Torres has received a number of awards for his work in the field of education. He was a recipient of the Walt Disney Corporation's Outstanding National Foreign Language Teacher of the Year Award in 1992. In 1993, he received the National Educator Award. He was also a recipient of the Golden Apple Award for which he received a scholarship and sabbatical to continue his research.
Torres has been named Outstanding New Mexican of the Year twice. Torres was given the Camino Real Award as one of 15 Outstanding New Mexicans for 1996.
In 1998, his radio talk show Cafecito y Cultura won first place for best public service from the Associated Press and in 1999 his radio show Paso a Paso won a first place for best documentary on the airwaves, also by the Associated Press of New Mexico.
In 2003, Torres received a grant through the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to work with New Mexico State University in the development of material for the teaching of first generation Hispanic students at the university level. Its focus is on cultural sensitivity training and enhancement.
Public appearances
In 2005, he appeared on the television show Good Morning America and in 2008 on NBC's The Today Show to discuss the Taos Hum. He has also appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and the national radio show America Tonight.
Works
Books
Podcasts
Articles
"Habla Usted Spamglish?" weekly column in The Taos News.
"Growing up Spanglish" weekly column in The Santa Fe New Mexican.
Four entries in the Hispanic American Religious Culture.
Multiple entries in the Sacred Places of Taos.
References
Citations
Works cited
Further reading
External links
1954 births
Living people
20th-century American educators
21st-century American educators
Hispanic and Latino American academics
New Mexico State University alumni
People from Taos County, New Mexico
University of New Mexico faculty |
17997949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949%20Soviet%20Top%20League | 1949 Soviet Top League | Following are the results of the 1949 Soviet Top League football championship.
Standings
Results
Top scorers
26 goals
Nikita Simonyan (Spartak Moscow)
23 goals
Ivan Konov (Dynamo Moscow)
Aleksandr Ponomarev (Torpedo Moscow)
20 goals
Konstantin Beskov (Dynamo Moscow)
19 goals
Andrei Zazroyev (Dinamo Tbilisi)
18 goals
Grigory Fedotov (CDKA Moscow)
17 goals
Vladimir Savdunin (Dynamo Moscow)
16 goals
Viktor Terentyev (Spartak Moscow)
15 goals
Aleksei Grinin (CDKA Moscow)
Vasili Lotkov (Dynamo Leningrad)
Aleksei Paramonov (Spartak Moscow)
References
Soviet Union - List of final tables (RSSSF)
1949
1
Soviet
Soviet |
17997950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhengzhou%20No.8%20Middle%20School | Zhengzhou No.8 Middle School | Zhengzhou No.8 Middle School () is a junior high school in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. It was established in July 1952 and is located at Jingwu Road, Jinshui District.
The middle school became one of the Key Middle Schools of Henan Province. Its practice base received a provincial award in 2008.
References
External links
Official website of Zhengzhou No.8 Middle School (archive)
Education in Zhengzhou
High schools in Henan
Educational institutions established in 1952
1952 establishments in China
Junior secondary schools in China |
17997957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane%20Schmidtmer | Christiane Schmidtmer | Christiane Schmidtmer (24 December 1939 – 13 March 2003) was a German actress, fashion model, nude model, and memoirist.
Biography
Early life
Christiane Schmidtmer was born in Mannheim, Germany, to Gertrud and Jakob Schmidtmer on Christmas Eve 1939. She took acting lessons in Munich and worked in the stage in Germany for around 4 years (1961-1963), then Christiane turned to photographic modeling for several German pornographic magazines, and later, Playboy. Before acting in film, she also modeled for advertising companies, namely Max Factor cosmetics. Her father disappeared in Russia during the war. The family later relocated from Mannheim to nearby Heidelberg after her mother remarried.
At the age of 17, her mother sent her to London, where Christiane attended St Giles School to learn English. After her stay, she returned to Heidelberg and attended the local Hölderlin-Gymnasium (academic high school) from which she graduated during the late 1950s.
In 1959 against strong family opposition – her mother wanted her to follow a career in medicine – Christiane Schmidtmer moved to Munich, where she began taking acting lessons. During that time, she performed in afternoon stage productions for children.
Career
Schmidtmer worked onstage in Germany from 1961–63, then turned to photographic modelling for German fashion and nude magazines and later, Playboy in the USA. She modelled for advertising companies, namely Max Factor Cosmetics, before she started her movie career. She was hired as their featured model and introduced at the New York World's Fair in 1964 followed by an American tour with visits to Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Chicago. After her return to Los Angeles, she met polyglot language teacher and publisher Michel Thomas for the first time in August 1965 at the Chateau Marmont Hotel. The two began a long love relationship a short time later.
She appeared in German TV and movie productions, such as Rolf Hädrich's Stop Train 349. During the filming in Berlin and England, she befriended co-star José Ferrer. The friendship lasted until Ferrer's death in 1992. He later recommended her to Stanley Kramer for his production of Ship of Fools, her first US film in which she played Ferrer's beautiful mistress. She played the evil prison wardress in The Big Doll House (1971) and Lufthansa stewardess Lise Bruner in Boeing Boeing.
Schmidtmer was one of just a few German actresses successful in 1960s Hollywood, and was praised by critics as the most exciting German import since Marlene Dietrich. Schmidtmer, with her attractive and typically German appearance, was often reduced to playing the "attractive German". Her nickname which stuck throughout her career was "Liebesbombe"/"Love Bomb". A 1965 article in the New York Times described her as a "chesty wonder".
Throughout the 1970s and towards the end of her career, Schmidtmer appeared in numerous US talk shows, television series, and B-movie productions such as The Giant Spider Invasion (1975). In 1981, she appeared in Hot Bubblegum – one of the sequels in the Israeli Eskimo Limon series. Most sources list this as her last film; in it she portrayed a nymphomaniac piano teacher.
Schmidtmer continued to do commercials and voiceover work in a number of productions.
Later years and death
Following her movie career, Schmidtmer worked as a licensed real estate agent in Southern California. She lived both in the US and Heidelberg. In 1980, shortly before ending her movie career, she published her autobiography My Wild Nights in Hollywood in German magazines, which detailed her claimed affairs with many actors, including a relationship with Glenn Ford. It was later translated into several languages. During that time, she lived in Munich-Schwabing.
In 1995, Schmidtmer permanently moved back to Germany. She led a quiet life, but her own health started to fail. Schmidtmer died in her sleep on 13 March 2003 at her home in Heidelberg, Germany, from natural causes following an accident. Schmidtmer is interred at the family grave in Heidelberg-Handschuhsheim.
Filmography
Geld sofort (1961, TV Short) as die Sekretärin
Ein Todesfall wird vorbereitet (1963, TV movie) as Sandra Williams
Stop Train 349 (1963) as Karin
Hafenpolizei (1963, TV Series) as Hannelore
Fanny Hill (1964) as Fiona
(1964, TV movie) as Carla de la Osta
(1965) as Miranda (uncredited)
Ship of Fools (1965) as Lizzi
Boeing Boeing (1965) as Lise Bruner / Lufthansa
Blue Light (1966, TV series) as Erika von Lindendorf
The Wild Wild West (1966, TV Series) as Lucretia Ivronin
12 O'Clock High (1966, TV series) as Frieda von Heurtzel
I Deal in Danger (1966) as Erika von Lindendorf
Hogan's Heroes (1968, TV series) as Heidi Baum
Our Doctor is the Best (1969) as Frau Janssen
The Most Deadly Game (1970, TV Series) as Bettina
The Big Doll House (1971) as Miss Dietrich
Scream, Pretty Peggy (1973, TV movie) as Jennifer Elliot
Police Story (1974-1976, TV series) as Lynn / Hilda
Airport 1975 (1974) as Angie Bell - Passenger (uncredited)
The Specialist (1975) as Nude Model
Half a House (1975) as Gina
The Giant Spider Invasion (1975) as Helga (wrongly credited as Christiana Schmidtmer)
Wonder Woman (1977, TV Series) as Lisa Engel
Star Struck (1978, short) as Kimberly Shaw
Half a House (1979) as Gina
Hot Bubblegum (1981) as Fritzi (final film role)
References
Sources
Biodata , lifeinlegacy.com
External links
1939 births
2003 deaths
20th-century German actresses
German television actresses
German female models
German film actresses
Actresses from Heidelberg
Actresses from Mannheim
Actresses from California
German expatriates in the United Kingdom
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American women |
17997961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20Look%20Good%20in%20My%20Shirt | You Look Good in My Shirt | "You Look Good in My Shirt" is a song, written by Mark Nesler, Tom Shapiro, and Tony Martin and recorded by Australian country music artist Keith Urban for his 2002 album Golden Road. The original version charted at number 60 on the country charts in 2004 based on unsolicited airplay, while a re-recorded version of the song (which was included on a re-issue of Urban's 2007 Greatest Hits: 18 Kids compilation album) was issued as a single in June 2008. For the chart week of September 6, 2008, it has become Urban's eighth Number One song and his first Number One since "Better Life" reached Number One in late 2005.
Content
The song is an up-tempo based on electric guitar riffs. Its lyrics tell of a male and female who had previously broken up, but reunited the night before, as stated in the last half of the first verse. The chorus takes place the morning after their reunion, where the male character then sees that the female is wearing nothing but his shirt, and although he is uncertain about their relationship, he likes how she looks.
Critical reception
Ben Cisneros of Engine 145 gave the song a "thumbs up" rating. His review made note of the "70's guitar fills" and the simple song structure, which "kept the cuteness in this one from crossing over from enjoyable into insufferable territory".
History
"You Look Good in My Shirt" was initially planned to be released as the fifth and final single from Urban's 2002 album Golden Road. However, it was withdrawn and replaced with "Days Go By", the first single from his next album 2004's Be Here. Even though the song had been withdrawn before it could be promoted as a single, the version from Golden Road received enough airplay to reach #60 on the Billboard country charts.
In June 2008, Urban re-recorded the song and officially released that new version as a single. According to Urban, his intention to re-record the song was to "bring all of the live energy" to it, since the song had become a regular feature of his concerts and had gained popularity among fans. The newly-recorded rendition debuted at number 42 on the Hot Country Songs chart for the week of June 14, 2008. On the chart dated for September 6, 2008, the song became Urban's eighth Number One hit on the U.S. country charts. In addition to its inclusion on the live DVD, the newly-recorded version of "You Look Good in My Shirt" was also featured on a re-issue of Urban's compilation album Greatest Hits: 18 Kids album, which was re-titled Greatest Hits: 19 Kids in order to indicate the addition of a new track.
Music video
The music video was recorded live in Atlanta, GA, during Urban's Love, Pain, & The Whole Crazy World Tour. It was directed by Chris Hicky.
Chart performance
The initial version of "You Look Good in My Shirt" spent one week at #60 on the Billboard country charts. The 2008 re-recording reached Number One on the country charts on the chart week of September 6, 2008, giving Urban his first Billboard Number One since "Better Life" three years previous.
Golden Road version
2008 re-recording
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
External links
Lyrics at CMT.com
2008 singles
Keith Urban songs
Songs written by Mark Nesler
Songs written by Tom Shapiro
Songs written by Tony Martin (songwriter)
Song recordings produced by Dann Huff
Capitol Records Nashville singles
Music videos directed by Chris Hicky
2002 songs |
17998004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Garden | Joe Garden | Joe Garden (born March 10, 1970) is an American comedy writer. He was a features editor at The Onion, an American satirical news organization, where he created the characters Jim Anchower and Jackie Harvey. He has also had at least one cameo in the publication as himself.
He has co-written three books, The Dangerous Book for Dogs, The Devious Book for Cats and The New Vampire's Handbook: A Guide for the Recently Turned Creature of the Night. He has also been a contributing writer for the PBS animated children's program WordGirl, has appeared in the film Bad Meat, and was the voice of Phil Cabinet in the Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode "Hypno-Germ."
Books
Trivia
In 2009, Garden contributed to the introduction of a novelty book This Is Why You're Fat: Where Dreams Become Heart Attacks (October 27, 2009, ), a book co-authored by Richard Blakeley.
After it was announced that Conan O'Brien would be taking over Jay Leno's hosting duties on The Tonight Show, Garden launched a mock Internet campaign titled "Vote Joe Garden!" with the aim of democratizing the selection of O'Brien's replacement for Late Night. The bid was unsuccessful as NBC announced that Jimmy Fallon would replace O'Brien in 2009.
Notes
External links
Interview about dog books and The Dangerous Book For Dogs on NPR's Weekend Edition
Joe Garden weighs in on the Hillary Clinton Campaign on NPR's Morning Edition
Joe Garden's website for his campaign for Late Night
The Sound Of Young America interviews Joe Garden
Joe Garden and fellow Onion editors Joe Randazzo and Scott Dikkers on WNYC's Leonard Lopate Show Discuss Our Dumb World
The Onion people
1970 births
Living people
American newspaper editors
American comedy writers
People from Richland Center, Wisconsin |
17998007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Amara | Roy Amara | Roy Charles Amara (7 April 1925 – 31 December 2007) was an American researcher, scientist, futurist and president of the Institute for the Future best known for coining Amara's law on the effect of technology. He held a BS in Management, an MS in the Arts and Sciences, and a PhD in Systems Engineering, and also worked at the Stanford Research Institute.
Amara's law
His adage about forecasting the effects of technology has become known as Amara's law and states:
We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run.
The law has been used in explaining nanotechnology.
Selected bibliography
Books
Reports
Published in Conference proceedings 1978 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 1978). Pdf.
References
1925 births
2007 deaths
American futurologists
American scientists |
17998034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oum%20Hadjer | Oum Hadjer | Oum Hadjer () is a small city in Chad, and the capital of Batha Est Department. It straddles the ephemeral Batha River, lies on the main road between Khartoum and N'Djamena, and has a small airport.
Strategically located, it has been contested by government and rebel forces in 1982, 1990, and January 2008.
Oum Hadjer is also the name of the Sub-Prefecture that the city is within. The population of the entire Oum Hadjer Sub-Prefecture is about 14,500.
The town is served by Oum Hadjer Airport.
References
Populated places in Chad
Batha Region |
17998036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Pezzoni | Kevin Pezzoni | Kevin Pezzoni (born 22 March 1989) is a German former professional footballer who played as a defender. He was capped by various German youth national teams including the Germany U21. His normal position is defense, although he can also play in midfield.
Career
Pezzoni spent five years at the Blackburn Rovers youth academy, along with other German youth players Mahmadi Keita and Sergio Peter before signing for 1. FC Köln in January 2008.
Pezzoni played 90 games for Köln, scoring three goals, before he had his contract terminated by mutual agreement with 1. FC Köln on 1 September 2012 after incidents with hooligan supporters of the club. Pezzoni started training for a Hertha BSC after his release.
On 21 December 2012, it was revealed that Pezzoni had signed with 2. Bundesliga side FC Erzgebirge Aue. Pezzoni's contract was dissolved in January 2014 and he signed a new contract with 3. Liga side 1. FC Saarbrücken. After Saarbrücken were relegated at the end of the 2013–14 season, he left the club and signed for FC Wohlen.
In June 2019, it was announced Pezzoni would join Regionalliga Südwest side Kickers Offenbach from SC Hessen Dreieich, who were relegated from the league at the end of the 2018–19 season, for the 2019–20 season.
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
German sportspeople of Italian descent
German men's footballers
Footballers from Frankfurt
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Germany men's under-21 international footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
Regionalliga players
Swiss Challenge League players
1. FC Köln players
FC Erzgebirge Aue players
1. FC Saarbrücken players
FC Wohlen players
SV Wehen Wiesbaden players
Apollon Smyrnis F.C. players
SC Hessen Dreieich players
Kickers Offenbach players
FC Gießen players
German expatriate men's footballers
German expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in England
German expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
German expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
21st-century German sportsmen |
17998039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20220105 | HD 220105 | HD 220105 is a star in the northern constellation of Andromeda, and a member of the Sirius supercluster. It lies near the lower limit of visibility to the naked eye at an apparent visual magnitude of 6.24, and can be a challenge to spot under normal viewing conditions. The star is located 238 light years away, based upon an annual parallax shift of . It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −2 km/s.
This is an A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A5 Vn, where the 'n' notation indicates "nebulous" absorption lines due to rapid rotation. It is around 525 million years old with a high projected rotational velocity of 259 km/s. The star has 1.85 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 19 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,367 K.
HD 220105 has a magnitude 10.13 companion located at an angular separation of along a position angle of 178°, as of 2015, and it is listed as a close binary by Zorec and Royer (2012). These coordinates are a source for X-ray emission with a luminosity of , which is most likely coming from the faint companion.
References
External links
Image HD 220105
A-type main-sequence stars
Double stars
Andromeda (constellation)
Durchmusterung objects
220105
115261
8884 |
17998073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20M.%20Mihm | Michael M. Mihm | Michael Martin Mihm (born 1943) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois, with chambers in Peoria, Illinois. In 2004, he received the USAID Outstanding Citizen Achievement Citation for his work with the Russian judicial system.
Education and career
Mihm was born in 1943, in Amboy, Illinois, he grew up on a farm, and his mother was a school teacher. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Loras College in 1964 and received a Juris Doctor from Saint Louis University School of Law in 1967.
Mihm was an assistant prosecuting attorney for St. Louis County, Missouri from 1967 to 1968; assistant state's attorney for Peoria County, Illinois from 1968 to 1969; and assistant corporation counsel for the City of Peoria from 1969 to 1972. He was State's Attorney of Peoria County from 1972 to 1980, then in private law practice in Peoria from 1980 until becoming a federal judge in 1982.
Federal judicial service
Mihm was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on July 27, 1982, to the seat vacated by Judge Robert Dale Morgan of the United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 5, 1982, and received his commission on August 6, 1982. Mihm served as the district's chief judge from 1991 to 1998. He assumed senior status on October 1, 2009.
Notable case
Mihm presided over the case of Ali Saleh Kahlah al-Marri, who pleaded guilty in 2009 to conspiring to provide material aid to Al Qaeda. Federal authorities arrested al-Marri in 2001 for credit card fraud, then deemed him an enemy combatant, and detained him without charge for over six years. The federal government claimed that al-Marri was an al Qaeda sleeper agent. The Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit ordered al-Marri brought before a civilian court in 2007, and in 2009, the United States dropped its appeal of that decision, and transferred al-Marri to Mihm's court.
References
External links
1943 births
Living people
Loras College alumni
People from Amboy, Illinois
Lawyers from Peoria, Illinois
Saint Louis University School of Law alumni
Judges of the United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois
United States district court judges appointed by Ronald Reagan
21st-century American judges |
17998086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20diaspora | British diaspora | The British diaspora consists of people of English, Scottish, Welsh, Northern Irish, Cornish, Manx and Channel Islands ancestral descent who live outside of the United Kingdom and its Crown Dependencies.
In 2008, the United Kingdom's Foreign and Commonwealth Office estimated that at least 80% of New Zealanders had some British ancestry, however at the 2018 census only 70% of New Zealanders identified as having some European ancestry. Up to 76% of Australians, 48% of Canadians, 33% of Americans, and 3% of South Africans have ancestry from the British Isles. Additionally, at least 270,000 Argentines have some British ancestry. More than 300,000 Anglo-Indians have some British ancestry, but comprise less than 0.1% of India's population.
The British diaspora includes about 200 million people worldwide. Other countries with over 100,000 British expatriates include the Republic of Ireland, Spain, France, Germany, and the United Arab Emirates.
History of British diaspora
Up to the 19th century
The first documented exodus of Britons began during the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Great Britain. A large number of Brythonic-speaking Celts fled or migrated to what is now Brittany on the coast of France, becoming the Bretons.
The second large-scale British migration came following the Norman Conquest of England, leading to a displacement of English people, mostly dispossessed nobility. They settled in neighboring regions including Ireland and Scandinavia, and as far east as Crimea and Anatolia in the Byzantine Empire. Englishmen eventually replaced Scandinavians as the main source of recruitment for the Byzantine Emperor's personal Varangian Guard.
After the Age of Discovery, the various peoples of the British Isles, and especially the English, were among the earliest and by far the largest communities to emigrate out of Europe. Indeed, the British Empire's expansion during the first half of the 19th century saw an extraordinary dispersion of the British people, with particular concentrations in Australasia and North America.
The British Empire was "built on waves of migration overseas by British people", who left Great Britain, later the United Kingdom, and reached across the globe and permanently affected population structures in three continents. As a result of the British colonisation of the Americas, what became the United States was "easily the greatest single destination of emigrant British", but in what would become the Commonwealth of Australia the British experienced a birth rate higher than anything seen before, which together with continuing British immigration resulted in a huge outnumbering of indigenous Australians.
In colonies such as Southern Rhodesia, British Hong Kong, Singapore, Jamaica, Barbados, Malaysia, and the Cape Colony, permanently resident British communities were established, and while never more than a numerical minority, these Britons exercised a dominant influence upon the culture and politics of those lands. In Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, people of British origin came to constitute the majority of the population, contributing to these states becoming integral to the Anglosphere.
The British not only emigrated to parts of the British Empire, but also settled in large numbers in parts of the Americas, particularly in the United States and in sizeable numbers in Argentina, Chile and Mexico.
The United Kingdom census, 1861 estimated the number of overseas British to be around 2.5 million. However, it concluded that most of these were "not conventional settlers" but rather "travellers, merchants, professionals, and military personnel". By 1890, there were over 1.5 million further British-born people living in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa.
British diaspora today
According to The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, there were 13.1 million British nationals living abroad in 2004–05. These figures are taken from the consular annual returns from overseas posts. There is no requirement for UK citizens to register with British missions overseas, so these figures are therefore based on the most reliable information that can be obtained, e.g. from host government official statistics.
A 2006 publication from the Institute for Public Policy Research estimated that 5.5 million British-born people lived outside the United Kingdom.
In terms of outbound expatriation, in 2009, the United Kingdom had the most expatriates among developed OECD countries, with more than three million British living abroad, a figure followed by Germany and Italy. On an annual basis, emigration from Britain stood at about 400,000 per year during the ten years until 2010 at least.
Living abroad as an expatriate can affect certain rights. In particular:
can only vote in general elections if they have been on a British electoral register at some point in the past 15 years. Otherwise, they are not eligible to vote. This Briefing Paper provides information on the eligibility to vote in UK Parliamentary elections for British citizens living overseas and the government's plans to end the 15-year rule – it's 'votes for life' policy.
The British Mental Health Act 1983 rules that persons resident abroad do not qualify as "nearest relative" of a person who is ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.
Distribution
The earliest migrations of Britons date from the 5th and 6th centuries AD, when Brittonic Celts fleeing the Anglo-Saxon invasions migrated what is today northern France and north western Spain and forged the colonies of Brittany and Britonia. Brittany remained independent of France until the early 16th century and still retains a distinct Brittonic culture and language, whilst Britonia in modern Galicia was absorbed into Spanish states by the end of the 9th century AD.
Britons – people with British citizenship or of British descent – have a significant presence in a number of countries other than the United Kingdom, and in particular in those with historic connections to the British Empire. After the Age of Discovery, the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of Europe, and the British Empire's expansion during the first half of the 19th century triggered an "extraordinary dispersion of the British people", resulting in particular concentrations "in Australasia and North America".
The United Kingdom Census 1861 estimated the size of the overseas British to be around 2.5 million, but concluded that most of these were "not conventional settlers" but rather "travellers, merchants, professionals, and military personnel". By 1890, there were over 1.5 million further UK-born people living in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. A 2006 publication from the Institute for Public Policy Research estimated 5.6 million Britons lived outside of the United Kingdom.
Outside of the United Kingdom and its Overseas Territories, up to 76% of Australians, 70% of New Zealanders, 48% of Canadians, 33% of Americans and 3% of South Africans have ancestry from the British Isles. Hong Kong has the highest proportion of British nationals outside of the United Kingdom and its Overseas Territories, with 47% of Hong Kong residents holding a British National (Overseas) status or a British citizenship. The next highest concentrations of British citizens outside of the United Kingdom and its Overseas Territories are located in Barbados (10%), the Republic of Ireland (7%), Australia (6%) and New Zealand (5%).
Note: A different estimate puts China (incl. Hong Kong) ahead with a population of 3,750,000 British citizens, most of which are those in Hong Kong who have continued to possess British nationality, particularly the British nationals (overseas) status, which numbered 3.4 million, through their connection with the former crown colony (see British nationality and Hong Kong for further details).
Culture
Sports
The British diaspora played a significant role in bringing British sports to the world. British sailors and soldiers contributed to association football becoming the most popular sport in the world.
In a few places, Britons helped establish cricket, only for it to be replaced by baseball, an American sport with English antecedents. This happened in the United States and then later Japan in the late 19th century.
See also
Anglosphere
British Empire
Commonwealth diaspora
CANZUK
References
Notes
Bibliography
British Empire
Culture of the United Kingdom
European diasporas |
17998116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%20General%27s%20Special%20Warrants | Governor General's Special Warrants | Governor General's Special Warrants () are documents authorizing Canada's President of the Treasury Board to spend money appropriated by Parliament. The Governor General may also issue a special warrant which allows the government to spend funds without an appropriation from Parliament. A special warrant may only be issued when money is "urgently needed" after Parliament has been dissolved and until sixty days after the dates set for the return of election writs.
Until 1997, when an act sponsored by Peter Milliken received royal assent, special warrants were available whenever Parliament was not is session, including adjournments and prorogations. Milliken had introduced similar bills since 1989 in response to the use of special warrants in 1988. Parliament convened in December 1988 and adjourned quickly without considering appropriations. During the adjournment and subsequent prorogation, the government resorted to special warrants to fund operations. The issue was raised in both chambers after Parliament returned.
References
Canadian federal legislation
Royal prerogative
Emergency laws
Edicts
Decrees |
17998156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn%20Aces | Brooklyn Aces | The Brooklyn Aces are a defunct minor professional ice hockey team that played the 2008-09 season in the Eastern Professional Hockey League. They played their home games at the 2,500 seat Aviator Arena.
On June 17, 2008 the Brooklyn Aces announced Chris Firriolo as the team's first head coach.
Notable players
On March 21 and 22, 2009, former New York Ranger great, Ron Duguay, suited up to play two games in the EPHL, one game with the Brooklyn Aces and the other with the Jersey Rockhoppers, to raise money for the Garden of Dreams Foundation, a nonprofit organization associated with Madison Square Garden. Duguay signed a waiver, and played his game with the Brooklyn Aces without a helmet, which allowed his hair to flow free as it did when he played in the NHL. With 37 seconds left in regulation, he assisted on the game-tying goal, but the Aces would lose 4-3 in overtime.
References
External links
Brooklyn Aces Official Site
Independent Brooklyn Aces Coverage written by journalist Patrick Hickey Jr.
The Internet Hockey Database: Brooklyn Aces (EPHL)
Eastern Professional Hockey League (2008–09) teams
Defunct ice hockey teams in New York (state)
Sports in Brooklyn
Sports clubs and teams in New York City
2008 establishments in New York City
Ice hockey clubs established in 2008
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 2009
2009 disestablishments in New York (state) |
17998163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola%20Arkas | Mykola Arkas | Mykola Mykolayovych Arkas (born , Mykolaiv, Russian Empire 1909, Mykolaiv) was a Ukrainian composer, writer, historian, and cultural activist of Greek ancestry. In 1908, Arkas wrote History of Ukraine, first popular history of Ukraine published in Ukrainian. His most notable musical composition was the opera .
Biography
Background, family and education
Mykola Mykolayovych Arkas was born on , in Mykolaiv in the Russian Empire (now in Ukraine). His grandfather Andreas Arkas, the son of an Orthodox priest from the Greek city of Patras, was invited to teach classical languages and history at the Nikolayev Naval School in Saint Petersburg. He published the dictionaries for 12 languages, all of which he spoke. He moved with his family to Russia with the help of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
Mykola Arkas was a son of the Russian admiral Nikolay Andreyevich Arkas, who was the Commander of the Black Sea Fleet, a founder of steam navigation and trade on the Black Sea and a founder of Caspian Sea Fleet, (1816–1881) and the Ukrainian Sophia Bogdanovich.
Mykola received his all-round education in the Law School of St. Petersburg and completed his studies in physics and mathematics at the University of Odessa.
Naval career and later life
After completing his studies (1875–1881), in accordance with the family tradition, he joined the Imperial Russian Navy, where from 1875 to 1899 he worked in the Naval Office in Mykolaiv .
Arkas obtained a magistracy in Kherson. In his leisure time, he collected and recorded folk songs, also studying the history of Ukraine. His teacher, Petro Nishchynsky, who was a Ukrainian composer, conductor, and writer, had an influence upon Mykola; the latter tried to master musical knowledge independently, to develop his composer's skills and writing music. On his Kherson estate in the villages of Khrystoforivka and Bohdanivka, Arkas set up and paid for, a Ukrainian-speaking school that closed by the government two years later.
Mykola Arkas died on , in Mykolaiv, where he was buried in the family chapel in the town cemetery.
Compositions and other cultural activities
Arkas's artistic contributions include poetry, and about 80 compositions for solo-singing, vocal ensembles and arrangements of folk songs. He composed romances and duets.
Arkas was the founder and chairman of the "Prosvita" cultural and educational society in Mykolaiv. At his own expense he opened a public school that taught in Ukrainian, as the dominant teaching language in schools was Russian.
In 1908 in St. Petersburg, a book by Mykola Arkas — "History of Ukraine-Rus" — was published, under the editorship of Ukrainian writer Vasyl Domaniczky. It was the first popular history of Ukraine published in Ukrainian.
(1890)
Arkas's opera (1890) is the most significant work of Mykola Arkas, adapted as from Taras Shevchenko's poem of the same title. The opera was first performed in Moscow in 1899 by the Ukrainian composer and theatre director Marko Kropyvnytskyi. The piano–vocal score was first published in 1897. The work brought recognition to Mykola Arkas and became the first Ukrainian lyrical folk opera. Performances of "Kateryna" were a great success, first playing in Moscow by Mark Kropivnitskiy's troupe in 1899, and later in Minsk, Vilnius and Kiev.
Commemoration
In October 1992 in Myoklaiv there was open a monument to Mykola Arkas (by sculptor O.Zdykhovskiy). In 2003 a postage stamp was released in Ukraine dedicated to Mykola Arkas.
A biography about Arkas was written by the Ukrainian folklorist Leonid Sergeevič Kaufman in 1958.
References
Further reading
Dytyniak Maria Ukrainian Composers – A Bio-bibliographic Guide – Research report No. 14, 1896, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, Canada.
History of Ukraine-Rus
Arkas, M. History of Ukraine-Rus. "Obshchestvennaia Polza" Association. 1908.
1853 births
1909 deaths
Musicians from Mykolaiv
People from the Russian Empire of Greek descent
Ukrainian classical composers
Greek classical composers
20th-century Ukrainian historians
Historians from the Russian Empire
Composers from the Russian Empire
Prosvita
Writers from Mykolaiv |
17998169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody%20Kiss | Bloody Kiss | is a Japanese shōjo manga written and illustrated by Kazuko Furumiya.
The series was serialized in Hakusensha's semi-monthly shōjo manga magazine, Hana to Yume from May 2004 to March 2005. The chapters were then compiled and two volumes were released. It is licensed in English for North American distribution by Tokyopop.
Plot
Kiyo Katsuragi is a young girl still attending school, when she is about to inherit her grandmother's mansion given to her mother. When she enters, she finds out she is also living in the mansion with two vampires, Kuroboshi and his servant Alshu. Things get even crazier when Kuroboshi decides to make Kiyo his "bride". A vampire's "bride" is a female human who will become his only source of blood. Even though Kiyo seems to like Kuroboshi, she is embarrassed when he tries to suck her blood, which is a problem for Kuroboshi.
Then, Kiyo's childhood friend tries to stop their growing affection, because he is afraid that Kiyo will be tainted by the vampire. Kiyo is then told that if she wants to be with Kuroboshi forever and be his bride, she will have to kiss him. There is one side effect—she might turn into a vampire herself!
List of characters
Kiyo Katsuragi
A very beautiful girl who inherits her grandmother's old mansion. As soon as she moves in, she finds out that there are two vampires living there: Kuroboshi and Alshu. At first, Kiyo and Kuroboshi's relationship was a flirt-and-hit relationship, but later on in the manga, Kiyo slowly starts to have feelings for Kuroboshi. Kiyo is a very nice and trusting person, and she often helps out her friends. This confuses Kuroboshi, but it makes him admire her more. Later on, she decides to take on a part-time job to earn some money since both Alshu and Kuroboshi are unemployed. Her feelings for him flutter from admiration to annoyance and then to a bit of a crush. When Sou-kun returns, she feels that she must hide Kuroboshi's vampiric nature from him, especially since his sword can already detect evil auras. However, this causes Kuroboshi to grow jealous and eventually leads him to bite her. Sou-kun witnesses this and finds out that he is a vampire. She does not feel anything toward Sou but friendship, and when she is ready to accept the position of Kuroboshi's bride, Sou-kun warns her that there is a chance she will become a vampire if she does. This makes her very unsure and thus, Kuroboshi thinks she does not want to stay with him. He ignores her until the play, when he confesses his true feelings. Kiyo is touched and she kisses him right then, sealing their bride contract. They end up together, but Sou still promises to be her guard since Kuroboshi is so weak - only being hit by the back of his sword and then unable to walk afterward.
Kuroboshi
A very handsome dhampir (half-human, half-vampire) who lived in the old mansion Kiyo inherited. As soon as he sees Kiyo he starts flirting with her and calling her his "bride". It is unknown at first if Kuroboshi really likes Kiyo for herself or for her sweet blood. Later though, he is very jealous if Kiyo is near any guy, and if anyone is being mean to her, he retaliates quite fast. He also likes to suck Kiyo's blood (although he does not succeed very often). As the series progresses, his feelings are declared to be serious. When Kiyo is unsure of how she feels about him, he becomes angry and doesn't talk to her till the play. Then, in front of the audience, while in the middle of a battle with Sou-kun, he wholeheartedly declares that with all his body and soul, he loves her.
Alshu
A very handsome vampire who is serving Kuroboshi. He is very carefree and appears only moments before Kuroboshi and Kiyo are about to kiss or propose to each other. He also has a violent side, only provoked if someone attacks his master.
Minako
Kiyo's deceased grandmother who took in Kuroboshi and Alshu when they were wandering and homeless. She is said to have given Kuroboshi the feeling of 'warmth' during his childhood. Kuroboshi was ostracized by the vampires because he was half vampire, half human. Minako-sama was hinted to look somewhat like Kiyo herself, and also have similar personality traits.
Sou Mizukami
Kiyo's childhood friend who trains in the mountains. He came down from his training to see Kiyo again-this time to protect her. This is because in the past, he was a cowardly boy, always relying on Kiyo to repel evil spirits (exorcism). He admired her strength and vowed to be stronger in order to return the favor. His sword detects any evil aura-and sure enough, whenever Kuroboshi is around, his sword detects it. He proclaims himself Kiyo's bodyguard when he learns that Kuroboshi is a vampire. He fights Kuroboshi during the Romeo and Juliet play, and he still claims his position as bodyguard because he claims that Kuroboshi is weak.
Volumes
Reception
The series ranked 9th in About.com 2009 Readers Poll for Best New Shōjo Manga. However, Carlo Santos of Anime News Network and Connie C. of Pop Culture Shock were not that positive on their reviews. Santos said "The main characters are generally appealing and the chemistry works, but the overall execution falls flat", citing the frequency of vampiric neck-biting as the main drawback—which led him to consider it "just mindless formulaic fanservice". Connie C. criticized the two main characters as stereotypical and its plot for using "a few terrible shojo plot devices". Nevertheless, she appreciated the development of their romantic relationship, which attracted her to read the second volume. Connie C. and Santos dubbed the art as "confusing" and "mess" respectively, although she said the panel layouts "tend to muddy up the flow of the page", while he affirmed that it "help to keep the story moving at a decent clip, and the elegant sense of character design guarantees some attractive visuals".
Santos was again critical of excessive usage of neck-biting, "the epitome of all vampire clichés", and for this and other clichés labeled it "just a copy of 80% of all other shoujo manga", affirming it is "a series designed to be forgotten just like all its other clones". Despite this, he considered Bloody Kiss "a refreshing tongue-in-cheek affair that isn't afraid to poke fun at itself—and the entire genre. ... All in all, the story moves at a fun, bouncy pace, and the delicate lines in the artwork make this one go down nice and easy." For the series conclusion, Connie C. wrote that "It's an okay story that manages to be a light and enjoyable read, if nothing spectacular. I was a little disappointed that such common plot devices were used in this volume ..., but I really didn't expect too much from the series otherwise. The main draw is the adorable (if shallow) romance between Kiyo and Kuroboshi. Neither really stand out as terribly developed or original characters, but the chemistry between them is believable."
References
External links
2004 manga
Hakusensha manga
Manga series
Shōjo manga
Tokyopop titles
Vampires in anime and manga |
17998185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20VFL%20grand%20final | 1984 VFL grand final | The 1984 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Essendon Football Club and Hawthorn Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 29 September 1984. It was the 88th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1984 VFL season. The match, attended by 92,685 spectators, was won by Essendon by a margin of 24 points, marking that club's 13th premiership victory.
Background
It was a grand final rematch of the previous season's grand final in which Hawthorn defeated Essendon by a then record 83 Points
Essendon topped the home and away season ladder a game clear of their grand final opponents; however, Hawthorn won both home and away contests between the two teams. Despite having won 12 premierships, Essendon's most recent premiership had been in 1965 over St Kilda, who were coached by current Hawthorn coach Allan Jeans.
In the finals series, the Hawks defeated Carlton by 30 points in the qualifying final, and beat the Bombers by eight points in the second semi-final to advance to the grand final. Essendon faced Collingwood in the preliminary final, demolishing the Magpies by a record 133 points on the back of a 28-goal performance to advance to the grand final.
Match summary
First quarter
Hawthorn dominated the game early. Captain Leigh Matthews had the first goal on the scoreboard within thirty seconds of the opening bounce, and Colin Robertson, utilising his pace, added two more. Essendon had hoped to throw Hawthorn off balance early by playing Roger Merrett in the ruck and shifting Simon Madden, by now one of the finest ruckmen in the VFL, to full forward. Hawthorn countered his by putting Ian Paton in the ruck and moving Michael Byrne to full forward. Madden consequently languished in Essendon's forward line doing nothing while the ball was spending more time at the other end of the ground. Sheedy soon moved Madden back to the ruck, but at quarter time Hawthorn led by 21.
Second quarter
Goals to Ken Judge and Matthews saw Hawthorn increase their lead to 32 points. Essendon, despite getting more possession, made little impact in front of goals, but when Bombers kicked their third for the match, by Billy Duckworth, they remained in touch and trailed by 25 points at the half time break.
Third quarter
The third quarter was a low-scoring affair, more notable for the changes to field positions that Essendon coach Kevin Sheedy applied in an attempt to stem the flow of Hawthorn goals. While common today, at the time it was very unusual for a coach to make such radical changes as shifting backline players to the forward line and vice versa. Paul Weston was shifted from defence to centre half forward, captain Terry Daniher was moved to defence, while another defender, Peter Bradbury, was moved to half-forward. With these positional changes, Essendon managed to get within three goals of the lead, but Dermott Brereton kicked a late goal for Hawthorn to give them a 23-point lead going into the final term.
Fourth quarter
Essendon got off to the perfect start in the final quarter. Madden, who had been ordinary for much of the game, won the opening bounce. The ball fell to Williams, who kicked the ball forward, where Baker was in the perfect position to run onto the spilled ball from a marking contest and kick his third goal of the match. Minutes later, Bradbury kicked a goal from the back of a pack. Essendon's charge continued when the ball made its way to Duckworth at half forward who passed it to an unmanned Mark Thompson who put it through from 40 metres out directly in front. The Bombers hit the front in spectacular fashion when, from the resultant centre bounce, Williams kicked towards the right half-forward flank. The ball bounced favourably for Baker, who evaded Hawks defender David O'Halloran with a brilliant blind turn and booted his fourth goal, to the delight of Essendon fans.
Hawthorn was back in front when Peter Curran goaled from a 15-metre penalty but Essendon soon regained their advantage when Roger Merrett took a pack mark in the goal square before converting. Weston extended Essendon's lead to 11 points minutes later and then Tim Watson goaled twice to seal the comeback win for Essendon. The Bombers kicked 9.6 in the final term to break free from the Hawks. It would not be until 2009 that another team would win the grand final from a three-quarter time deficit. The 23-point three quarter time deficit is the largest ever overcome to achieve victory in a Grand Final in VFL/AFL history. (North Melbourne overcame a 27-point three quarter time deficit to draw the 1977 VFL Grand Final).
The Norm Smith Medal was awarded to Duckworth for being judged the best player afield. Watson, Baker, Mark Harvey, Shane Heard and Neil Clarke were also prominent for the Bombers, while Richard Loveridge, Gary Ayres, Peter Schwab, Terry Wallace and Chris Mew were the best for Hawthorn.
Essendon's win ended an 18-year streak during which only Hawthorn, Richmond, Carlton and North Melbourne had won the premiership.
The attendance of 92,685 was the smallest at an MCG grand final for 29 years. The match was the first grand final played in the aftermath of the off-field dispute between the League, which wanted to stage the grand final at VFL Park, and the Melbourne Cricket Club and the Cain state government, which wanted to stage the grand final at the MCG. Under the terms agreed to in early 1984, an area in the Members' and Olympic Stands was set aside for 44,000 MCC and VFL Park members, but only 31,000 attended, leaving a large vacant area at the top of the Olympic Stand. Uncertainty about the new arrangements, accusations that the demand for members tickets had been overestimated, and breezy and cool conditions in the wake of a heavy overnight hailstorm were all considered to have discouraged many spectators from attending.
Ten players from this game later went on to become senior VFL/AFL coaches.
Teams
Scorecard
Statistics
NOTE: Disps = Total disposals (kicks + handpasses)
See also
1984 VFL season
References
Bibliography
External links
VFL/AFL Grand Finals
Grand
Essendon Football Club
Hawthorn Football Club |
17998210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osterhout | Osterhout | Osterhout is a Dutch surname derived from Oosterhout. Variants of this name include Van Oosterhout[nb] and Van Osterhout. According to the 2010 United States Census, it ranks as the 13,330th most common name out of 160,975 last names, occurring 2288 times in the sampled data.
Dutch history
In the providence of North Brabant is a national park of of woods. In 1324, William Van Duivenvoorde built a fortified castle just east of the woods. He died in 1352 and was buried in a cloister in Brussels. His castle took on the name of East of the Woods, which in their tongue is Ooster-ter-hout, and there the name began. Around the castle grew up the city of Oosterhout. Southwest of it is the city of Breda, a manufacturing center. The two cities are now grown together, the city of Oosterhout being the high class residential part.
The Dutch family name Osterhout is classified as being of habitation name origin. This term denotes names whose origin lies in the place of residence of the initial bearer of his family. Habitation names tell us whence hailed the progenitor of the family; they can give the location of the residence of the initial bearer, and some will even indicate a distinguishing sign which was associated with that residence. In the case of the family name Osterhout, the application can be traced to the community of Oosterhout, which lies in the vicinity of Breda in the Dutch providence of Noord-Branbant. The feudal domain of Oosterhout is mentioned in a document from the year 1199 wherein Beatrix van Strijen, who then controlled the property, made a grant of ten percent of its revenues to the chapter of the Knights Templar based in Brida. Serious damage was done to the church, council chamber, and private residences during the Dutch war for independence from Spain (1568 - 1648).
While many Dutch family names have been in existence for hundreds of years, particularly among the nobility and merchant classes, the use of heredity surnames amongst the more isolated rural population has only been established within the last two hundred years.
Coat of arms
The Osterhout coat of arms is officially documented in Rietstap's Armorial General. The original description of the arms or shield is as follows:
When translated, the blazon also describes the original colors of the Osterhout arms: "Silver, 3 black crescents; a narrow red band place diagonally over all." Above the shield and helmet is the crest, which is described as: "A plume of black rooster feathers issuing from a silver pipe; above the crest is the war cry "Duivenvoorde".
U.S. pilgrimage
There are many branches of the Oosterhout family, with the first having started with Jan Jansen Van Oosterhout who immigrated to Kingston, New York in the 1650s. His descendants initially settled in the states of New England with later branches eventually appearing in most U. S. States and Canada.
Another branch of the Osterhout family is believed to have immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century. A branch of the Oosterhout family from Joure, Haskerland, Friesland, Netherlands immigrated to Texas in 1922.
Some possible variations of the name include Oosterhout, Osterhaus, Oosterhoudt, Oosterhouse, Osterhouse, Osterhaut, Osterhoudt, etc.
As surname
Anna Maria Osterhout, wife of Theodore Miller Edison, daughter-in-law of Thomas Edison
Charlie Osterhout (1856–1933), American baseball player
David Osterhout, American actor
George Everett Osterhout (1858–1937), American botanist
Marian Irwin Osterhout (1888–1973), American botanist
Mildred Osterhout Fahrni (1900–1992), Canadian peace activist
Ralph Osterhout (born 1946), American inventor
Winthrop John Van Leuven Osterhout (1871–1964), American botanist
As place name
Pennsylvania
Osterhout, Pennsylvania, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania
Osterhout Creek, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania
Osterhout Mountain, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania
Osterhout Road, Pennsylvania Route 92, Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania
Osterhout Free Library, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Other places
Doane College Osterhout Arboretum, Crete, Nebraska
Osterhout Concert Theater, in Binghamton University's Anderson Center for the Performing Arts, Binghamton, New York
Osterhout Cottage, Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring, New York
, Allegan County, Michigan
Osterhout Log Cabin, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Osterhout Mound Park, Hannibal, Missouri
Osterhout Reservoir, Windsor, Colorado
As taxonomy
"Osterhout's Milkvetch",Astragalus osterhoutii
"Osterhout's Thistle",Cirsium clavatum var. osterhoutii
"Osterhout's catseye",Cryptantha osterhoutii
"Osterhout's beardtongue", Penstemon osterhoutii
"pointtip twinpod",Physaria floribunda ssp. osterhoutii
Notes
"Van Oosterhout", literally means "of Oosterhout" (see Dutch van and Oosterhout)
References
See also
Ousterhout
Surnames |
17998220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarek%20Dergoul | Tarek Dergoul | Tarek Dergoul (born 11 December 1977) is a citizen of the United Kingdom of Moroccan origin who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.
He spent six or seven months in US custody in Afghanistan, prior to his arrival at Guantanamo on 5 May 2002.
After he was repatriated to the United Kingdom on 8 March 2004, he asserted that conditions in US detention camps were brutal, and he was coerced to utter false confessions.
Background
Dergoul had held a variety of jobs in the UK, including being employed as a care worker at an old age home, and as a mini-cab driver, before traveling to Afghanistan, in 2001, where he was handed over to US forces, and ultimately transferred to Guantanamo.
Dergoul described how he and some friends saw the war as an opportunity, and pooled their funds to become land speculators.
The property they purchased from other foreigners, fleeing the war, would be sold for a profit, when peace was restored. Unfortunately, they were on one of those properties, when it was struck by an American bomb, killing his friends and seriously wounding Dergoul.
He was one of the first captives to be repatriated, on 9 March 2004.
Dergoul said injuries from his time in US custody prevented him from working after his return to the UK.
Dergoul sued the British government, claiming its security organizations MI5 and MI6 had been complicit in the interrogations he underwent while in US custody, that violated both the USA's and the UK's obligations under the international human rights agreement.
Repatration
Dergoul, and four other British citizens, Jamal al Harith, Ruhal Ahmed, Asif Iqbal, and Shafiq Rasul, were repatriated in March 2004.
After their repatriation, all five men were taken into British custody, under its Prevention of Terrorism Acts.
But all five men were released less than two days after their arrival, and when British authorities were satisfied, there were no grounds for their detention. Four other British citizens, and nine nationals of other nations, who had long term permission to reside in the UK, remained in US custody in Guantanamo.
According to the Sydney Morning Herald, the United States and the United Kingdom spent five months negotiating, before the five men were repatriated.
Dergoul's first account of his experience in Guantanamo
On 16 May 2004, David Rose, writing in The Observer, published an article based on Dergoul's account of life in Guantanamo.
Other former captives had offered accounts of how the camp's riot squads, the Guantanamo Emergency Reaction Force, used brutality in an arbitrary and excessive manner. But Dergoul was the first to describe how every time the riot squad deployed, a sixth member of the team stood back to record a video of the event.
Camp spokesmen confirmed Dergoul's account that all ERF deployments were filmed, for review by superior officers, and that they were all archived. Politicians in both the United Kingdom and the United States called for the recordings to be made available for review, to see if they did record unnecessary use of force. Rose quoted Senator Patrick Leahy of the Senate Judiciary Committee
{| class="wikitable"
|
If evidence exists that can establish whether there has been mistreatment of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, it should be provided without delay. That must include any tapes or photos of the activities of the Extreme Reaction Force.
|}
On 15 May 2004, CNN noted Dergoul's role when it reported General Jay Hood, the camp's commandant, brought DVDs of ERF squad incidents when he was called to testify before the Senate Judiciary Committee.
After watching the videos camp authorities had selected to show the committee, Leahy concluded that they did not appear to show abuses similar to those revealed by the trophy photos collected and distributed by guards at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq.
At a time when the Guantanamo captives were widely described as having been "captured on the battlefield", Dergoul told Rose he had been apprehended by members of an Afghan militia.
Dergoul said his Afghan captors traded him to US forces in return for a $5,000 bounty. Dergoul told Rose that half of the captives were, like him, traded to the US for a bounty.
Dergoul described how two Pakistani friends who had partnered with him as real estate speculation, and how this innocent enterprise leads to his wounding, capture, and ultimately, the amputation of his left arm and a big toe.
Dergoul's arm was damaged when a large, recently abandoned house he and his partners were considering buying was targeted by a US bomb. His toes became frostbitten. According to Dergoul, his formerly frostbitten toe was badly infected, but his US captors withheld anti-biotics from him, in order to pressure him into confessing to a role in terrorism. Dergoul claimed he did, ultimately, falsely confess to fighting and being captured at Osama bin Laden's mountain redoubt in Tora Bora, rather than in Jalalabad, a major city fifty kilometers and a mountain range away.
Rose noted that former Guantanamo commandant Geoffrey Miller, who had introduced interrogation techniques to Iraq which triggered controversy there, because the USA acknowledged that Iraqi captives were protected by the Geneva Conventions.
Rose identified Dergoul as someone who reported being subjected to techniques the USA acknowledged would not be allowed on individuals protected by the Geneva Conventions.
In particular, Dergoul had described to Rose being subjected to "short shackling", and other long confinement in "stress positions", "extremes of heat and cold", and sleep deprivation.
He described watching other bound captives routinely being beaten into unconsciousness, when he was in US custody in Afghanistan.
Dergoul described a technique where guards would deliver him to an interrogation room, where he would be shackled to a chair, or short shackled to a bolt in the floor—and then left alone.
Dergoul would describe how the temperature in the interrogation room would be set to painfully cold. He described how the cold would be particularly painful on the stumps left from his amputations. Dergoul described how after being left alone, shackled, all day, he would feel a mounting pressure to void his bladder or move his bowels, and would eventually be forced to soil himself.
Comments on the first deaths in Guantanamo to be publicly reported
On 10 June 2006, camp authorities, less than a month after they published the first official list of the names of the Guantanamo captives, camp authorities announced three men had died, had committed suicide.
Historian Andy Worthington, the author of The Guantanamo Files, noted that Dergoul had gone on record that he had been held in cells adjacent to two of the three men, and simply could not believe they could have killed themselves.
Dergoul sues the UK government over its complicity in his abuse
Dergoul had offered accounts of UK government complicity in his abuse from his first interview after his repatriation.
On 16 September 2007, Dergoul was the first former captive to sue the UK government.
Dergoul's claim was thirteen pages long and focused on the cooperation and active involvement of two of the UK's security agencies -- MI5 and MI6—in his detention and interrogation.
2008 McClatchy interview
On 15 June 2008, the McClatchy News Service published a series of articles based on interviews with 66 former Guantanamo captives.
Tarek Dergoul
was one of the former captives who had an article profiling him.
Tarek Dergoul acknowledged traveling to Afghanistan following the al Qaeda's attacks of 11 September 2001.
He said he regarded the flight of refugees as a business opportunity. He and some other associates thought they could buy property from fleeing refugees at bargain prices, and then re-sell them when the order was restored.
However, he said, his companions were killed, and he was injured, when a shell landed in a villa they were about to buy.
Tarek Dergoul told his McClatchy interviewer he was buried in the rubble, and woke in hospital, to find himself under an armed guard. His left arm was amputated. After some time in Afghan custody, he was sold to the Americans for a $5000 bounty, and transferred to the Bagram Theater internment facility.
Tarek Dergoul reported that when he arrived in Bagram, medical treatment was withheld from him, and then when a doctor oversaw the amputation of one of his toes, pain medication was withheld from him, so that he would still be able to feel pain, when he was next interrogated.
Tarek Dergoul reports that he only became religious during his detention.
WikiLeaks leaks Dergoul's formerly secret JTF-GTMO assessment
Dergoul was repatriated prior to the United States Supreme Court ruling that the Department of Defense had to prepare a list of the allegations used to justify Guantanamo captives' continued detention.
But on 25 April 2011, the whistleblower organization WikiLeaks published a formerly secret assessment of 766 current and former captives.
Dergoul's assessment was drafted on 28 October 2003.
It was two pages long, it was signed by camp commandant Geoffrey Miller, and it recommended his continued detention.
Historian Andy Worthington incorporated information from Dergoul's assessment in a profile of him he published on 2 August 2011.
He noted that JTF-GTMO analysts had concluded "not been cooperative or forthright during his detention," that he had been "assessed as having been recruited to fight on behalf of the Taliban" and as having "probable Al-Qaida affiliations and links with known Al-Qaida supporters in the UK."
They concluded he was "of moderate intelligence value to the United States," but posed "a high threat to the US, its interests or its allies."
Dergoul sentenced to community service
In August 2011, Dergoul and a friend were in a shop when they saw his car being given a traffic ticket for being illegally parked.
The parking official testified at Dergoul's trial that after the men told him they were searching for the change to recharge the parking meter, he told them it was too late, and the ticket had already been issued. He then testified he crossed the street to capture a picture of the car, only to see Dergoul and his friend charging him. He testified they struck him, pushed him to the ground, and rained kicks and blows upon him.
Dergoul interrupted the proceedings, yelling from the prisoner's dock.
He complained that the parking official had escalated the tension by taking photos, and that he feared the parking official was an undercover security official, and the pictures were part of a surveillance campaign.
Dergoul was given a one-year conditional sentence that required him to undergo a mental health assessment, and included six months of community service.
He was also fined £30, which was to be paid in an installment to the parking official.
Benjamin Wittes, a legal scholar who focuses on counter-terrorism issues, referred to the controversial issue of competing for assessment as to what percentage of former Guantanamo captives should be considered "Guantanamo recidivists", when he asked whether Dergoul's conviction would make him a recidivist.
Scholarly comments
Dergoul's description of abusive conditions at Guantanamo has been quoted, used as an example, by a number of legal and human rights scholars.
In "American Methods: Torture And the Logic of Domination", Kristian Williams quoted Dergoul's account as an instance of an ERF squad being used to punish captives, rather than its mandated use to maintain order and protect the safety of staff and guards.
Human Rights Watch quoted Dergoul four times in its report "The Road to Abu Ghraib":
They offered him as an example of a captive who reported being threatened with extraordinary rendition to a torture state, for torture;
They offered him as an example of a captive who reported being shackled for so long he was forced to void his bladder or move his bowels;
They offered him as an example of a captive who reported being left alone all day in a frigid interrogation room;
They offered him as an example of a captive who reported being beaten and pepper-sprayed when he objected to repetitive unnecessary cell searches.
Scholar Alexandra Campbell quoted from Dergoul when she compared the fictional demonization and extrajudicial abuse of Muslims in the Hollywood film The Siege and the abuse that Dergoul described to David Rose in his first interview.
Jeannine Bell, writing in the Indiana Law Journal, asserted Dergoul was lucky not to be beaten unconscious like a nearby captive while he was held in Bagram.
Jody Anstee chose a quote from Dergoul to lead her Ph.D. thesis.
Anthony Lewis, writing in the New York Review of Books, cites Dergoul's description of being made to soil himself as an example of the USA violating the international "Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, Degrading Treatment or Punishment".
See also
Bagram torture and prisoner abuse
Torture
References
1977 births
Living people
Guantanamo detainees known to have been released
People from Mile End
British torture victims
Bagram Theater Internment Facility detainees
English people of Moroccan descent
British extrajudicial prisoners of the United States |
17998221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro%20Nishchynsky | Petro Nishchynsky | Petro Ivanovych Nishchynsky (; September 9, 1832 – March 4, 1896) was a Ukrainian linguist and composer. He was born in the village of Nemenka, currently in the Vinnytsia Oblast of Ukraine.
External links
Biography on the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
Information from the Vinnytsia Oblast Universal Educational Library
1832 births
1896 deaths
Composers from the Russian Empire
Linguists from the Russian Empire
People from Vinnytsia Oblast
Ukrainian composers
19th-century composers |
17998234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tip%20Toe%20Falls | Tip Toe Falls | Tip Toe Falls (also known informally as Tiptoe Falls), is a tall waterfall (though commonly mismeasured from ) on Fall Creek in the Portola Redwoods State Park, California. There is also an upper falls, a few hundred feet upstream, which is much lesser known.
The falls, fed by Fall Creek (a tributary of Pescadero Creek) starts by cascading down a mossy, 8 foot (2.4m) upper tier into a small pool. The creek continues downstream between grassy banks, and before long, falls over the more well known, 6 foot (1.8 m) lower tier. The lower tier empties into a round pool approximately 6” deep, before the creek cascades over sticks and rocks and continues its way downstream.
Description
Tip Toe Falls is located in a redwood forest, on a short and steep tributary of Pescadero Creek. Its two tiers tumble over 8 and 6 feet (2.4 and 1.8 m) into shallow pools. The upper tier cascades out of dense undergrowth and forest, down a mossy cliff wall into a small and shallow pool. Near the bottom, the upper falls splits into two around a fallen log. Between the upper falls and the main falls, the creek winds through a small, fern-bounded meadow at the bottom of a steep ravine with mossy rock walls that rise over 50 feet (15m) above the canyon floor. The creek then drops over the main falls, which pours out of a small gully that resembles a hanging valley, while a small trickle of water splits off towards the right bank and drops along with the main cascade into a round, rock-bound clear pool. The creek exits the pool in a small congregation of rocks.
Access
Tip Toe Falls is accessed by the Iverson Trail, which begins at the park visitor center. Iverson Trail begins on the north side of the Nature Center. The Sequoia Nature Trail begins on the south side of the Nature Center and eventually meets the Iverson Trail. The trail eventually comes to the mouth of Fall Creek, and a narrow side trail winds upstream. The side trail soon comes to the end of the canyon, where two rock walls slope down in a “V” shape and form the low cliff that Tip Toe Falls pours over.
To access the upper falls, one must scramble up the right side of Tip Toe Falls. (The left side is more wet and mossy, and is thus more dangerous to climb.) After walking upstream along the bed of Fall Creek, the upper falls is found on the left of the canyon, obscured by several fallen trees. If trying to get there, one must be careful as mosquitos are commonly found there, especially around the month of April.
References
External links
Virtual Reality Panorama of Tip Toe Falls
Waterfalls of California
Landforms of San Mateo County, California
State parks of California
Cascade waterfalls |
17998271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFCY | CFCY | CFCY may refer to:
CFCY-FM, a radio station (95.1 FM) licensed to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
CBCT (TV), a television station (channel 13) licensed to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, which held the call sign CFCY-TV from 1956 to 1968 |
17998300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werris%20Creek%20railway%20station | Werris Creek railway station | Werris Creek railway station is a heritage-listed railway station located at the junction of the Main Northern, Mungindi and Binnaway–Werris Creek lines (Keilbahnhof) in Werris Creek of New South Wales, Australia. The station serves the town of Werris Creek and was built between 1877 and 1880. The station is also known as Werris Creek Railway Station, yard group and movable relics. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
History
The story of the railway line across Parry Shire began in the early 1870s when the construction of the Great Northern Line had stalled at the foot of the Liverpool Plains. From 1876 the line pressed on over the range and down onto the plains below. It was in 1877 that the parliament of Sydney decided to build a branch line from the major rail trunk in the direction of Gunnedah. The branch was to start in an open paddock owned by John Single near Werris Creek, and thus the town of Werris Creek had its beginning. It was the first railway town in New South Wales starting from a broad-acre site and developing exclusively to service the railways.
It remained a railway town for the next century and a quarter, with railway work being the overwhelming form of employment. The original station at Werris Creek was about half a kilometer south of the current junction. However, with the opening of the line to Gunnedah and the splitting of the mail trains from Newcastle at Werris creek, it was necessary to have a station nearer to the actual branching line. The platform of the new station was finished in 1879. From the new platform was to rise a magnificent station complex. It was to be a remarkable building that could easily grace a city, a monument to railway confidence and bureaucratic power, yet, incongruously, a lonely citadel in the middle of the bush. The station consisted of a refreshment room and station building. On completion of these two buildings in 1885, a town began to develop on the eastern side of the railway line.
In 1925, the office of the District Superintendent of Railways was moved from Murrurundi to Werris Creek and a second story was added to the station building to accommodate new staff. Werris Creek remained an important rail junction until the advent of diesel and electric trains in the 1960s. Together with the decline in rail travel and freight, and the economic rationalising of the 1980s and 1990s, the town of Werris Creek lost much of its importance as a railway hub.
Werris Creek was a purpose-built rail centre and as such, claims to be Australia's first specific railway town. It dates to 1877 when the NSW Government decided that the Great Northern Line needed a depot and junction from where branches would run to the west and north-west, thus helping to open up and serve the rich pastoral areas further inland. Werris Creek became a major junction, with the Main Northern, Mungindi and Binnaway lines all intersecting in the region. It was the first, and remains the last, railway town in New South Wales. In 1913, a locomotive depot opened with a roundhouse built in 1920.
An isolated bushland spot was chosen where the northern line at that time cut through George Single's paddock, halfway between Quirindi and Tamworth. This was called Werris Creek, a variation on the Aboriginal name for the district, Weia Weia, meaning "stop here, rest awhile". The town became the busiest rural freight base in the state as well as a key passenger junction as goods and people alike joined or left the main Sydney line destined to or coming from places like Gunnedah, Narrabri, Moree and many similar settlements that were emerging.
By the early 1880s, a magnificent railway station had appeared at Werris Creek. The NSW State Rail Authority Heritage Unit described it as "a remarkable building that could easily grace a city ...yet, incongruously, a lonely citadel in the middle of the bush". It boasted an impressive refreshment room in the Victorian Free Classical style built of rich, red bricks in tuck-pointed Flemish bond with crisp stucco embellishments, pronounced cornices with paired brackets and moulded, grouped windows. A grand (red) cedar staircase led to a floor of bedrooms for those travellers who had time to sleep between connections. It was "not unlike a city bank...until it was covered with its first of many layers of soot". The late 1880s heritage-listed station building was designed by John Whitton and is the third largest in New South Wales.
In 1896, a locomotive shed formerly in use in Gunnedah was erected opposite the station. In 1917, a 10 stall roundhouse was erected one kilometre south of the station, with a further five stalls added in 1920. In November 1954, the turntable was replaced by a example to allow 60 class locomotives to be turned.
Eventually, a cross-country line was built from Binnaway near Coonabarabran to Werris Creek, thus linking the northern line to both the Main Western and Main Southern, lines. The population soared to 2,500 as workers flocked to staff and service the countless trains that came and went day and night and Werris Creek became known as the "town that never sleeps".
For approximately 70 years, Werris Creek was the largest railway centre in northern New South Wales, the depot alone employing 800 people. From the 1970s, the railway began to decline, but it still remains an important part of the network, with Pacific National still using the depot. The introduction of diesel locomotives and centralisation of the rail system led to the demise of the complex's importance. The jobs of tradesmen servicing steam trains disappeared. The population halved as rail jobs fell from 800 to 100. Town morale sank as its heart and soul began to disappear. Even though passenger and freight trains still passed through Werris Creek, as they still do, it seemed destined to become yet another country town fading into oblivion.
Monument and museum
In 1989, a committee led by Chris Holley – a former porter, shunter, guard and controller, strongly supported by a band of fellow retired railmen such as veteran yard master Les Brown – vowed that Werris Creek would not die. Their determination led to the acceptance of a plan envisaged by Dr Stuart Sharp, of the former NSW State Rail Authority Heritage Unit, involving creation of an Australian Railway Monument. The high stainless steel sculptures this comprises depict a fettler, shunter and firemen, a signalman, gatekeeper and flag lady. The sculptor is Dominique Sutton who also worked on Sydney Olympic Park. They look down on a specially landscaped amphitheatre beside the railway station. Memorial walls complement the amphitheatre and contain more than 2,400 names of all those railway people who had lost their lives either at work or from injuries received at work.
While funding came principally from the NSW Government ($1.3m), some 40 townsfolk – mostly former railway men and women pledged themselves as volunteers to run the complex. It opened on 1 October 2005 as the Australian Railway Monument and the Rail Journeys Museum and since has averaged more than 10,000 visitors per annum. The museum contains a wide range of memorabilia depicting country railways' past and in the future aims to present a comprehensive account of Australia's railway history. An historic display depicts the history of Werris Creek as the first railway town in Australia from the age of steam through to the modern day diesel.
Services
Werris Creek is served by NSW TrainLink's daily Northern Tablelands Xplorer service. The service from Sydney divided at platform 1 before continuing to Armidale and Moree.
Description
MAJOR STRUCTURES – Managed by RailCorp
Station Building – type 5, first class (1880, 1923)
Railway Refreshment Rooms (1885, 1912) houses the Rail Journeys Museum
Luggage Room (1902)
Signal Box (1925)
Platform face (1880)
Footbridge (1893)
Australian Railway Monument (2005)
MAJOR STRUCTURES – Managed by ARTC
Station Master's Residence (1913)
Workshop, and Staff Hut
Former gas retort building, Down side
Former electricity generator building Down side
STATION BUILDING, LUGGAGE ROOM AND RRR (1880 – 1923)
The station and RRR buildings present as grand two-storey Victorian Free Classical buildings. The original facades of the 1885 buildings remain largely intact. The facade expresses the load bearing-wall construction of painted stone and a rich red face brickwork. Brickwork is Flemish bond with white tuck pointing. All stone quoins and timber detailing are painted in a golden yellow. Most windows on both buildings are double hung with single panes of glass. Original doors remain and are generally four – panelled timber doors with fanlights, and stone architraves. A parapet conceals the roof of the original RRR building and features a decorative entablature, two urns and a projecting cornice with classical consoles. A timber verandah with simple timber detailing and timber balustrade is also located on the southern entry to the RRR building.
A deep verandah roofed in corrugated sheet runs along the rail platforms and along the east and west elevation of the station building. The verandah was extended in 1892 along the east of the RRR building. The verandah features decorative timber rafters supported on slender round cast iron columns with cast iron brackets.
The first floor storey extension of the kitchen in the 1911 building and the 1960 southern extension to the station building use a similar red brick. The roof is a simple half gabled (gabled hip) roof with exposed rafter. The first floor storey extensions of the station building in 1923 and 1939 are of a Georgian revival style and use a different light brown brick. The roof is concealed by a simple geometric parapet.
A later fibro sheet bridge connects the two buildings. Interior fabric of both buildings have been largely altered. An original timber staircase, cast iron columns, and timber ceiling remain intact in the RRR building.
SIGNAL BOX (1925)
The signal box is a simple timber structure with rusticated weatherboards and a simple gable roof. The northern facade features a single timber panelled door. The other three facades feature three-paned timber sliding windows with a three-paned fanlight. Internally the signal box retains signal equipment and the manual switch for the railway tracks.
PLATFORM (1880)
STATION MASTER'S RESIDENCE (1913)
The SM's residence was most likely built for the night Station Master in 1913. The building is a simple Federation gable-roofed weatherboard cottage that features simple detailing and a front verandah on the north side. The residence has double hung multi-pane windows, timber window awnings and decorative timber valances at the ends of the verandah. It also has modern pipe columns in the place of the original timber verandah posts. A later fibro sheet extension has been added to the western facade. Much of the original interior detail remains intact, such as timber doors, architraves, cornices and fireplaces.
FOOTBRIDGE (1893)
A simple girder structure made from old rails. Its main feature is the joining of the old rails head to head so the rail feet form flanges (I-beams).
MOVEABLE ITEMS
Wall clock, large, 0.5/2.4/0.3, (AC02) refreshment room
Seat, 1.8/0.9/0.9, (LA03) refreshment room
Rotating chair patterned seat, (CA05), platform store
Rotating chair patterned seat, (CA06), platform store
Office desk, 1.5/1.0/0.7, recessed handles, (DA07), refreshment room.
LANDSCAPE
The area to the north of the RRR today comprises the Australian Railway Monument, a bitumen-paved car park and an Australian native plant garden on the eastern (main platform) side. The plant types in the garden include a predominance of grevilleas. This new garden has been developed over the past decade with volunteer labour.
Condition
As at 19 August 2009, (Railway Monument & landscaping proposal) According to the Statement of Heritage Impact (2004) and the Archaeological Assessment (2004), the site has the potential to contain disturbed archaeological deposits of unknown, but potentially low-moderate significance. The potential for intact, undetected sub-surface deposits relating to indigenous occupation is considered to be low.
The station buildings have a high level of integrity and retain a good level of intactness with some modifications in recent decades (including for example changes to the refreshment room for use as a museum). As a precinct, Werris Creek is an outstanding intact place.
Modifications and dates
1877: The location of the original station was about half a kilometre south of the current junction. With the opening of the line to Gunnedah, and the splitting of mail trains from Newcastle at Werris Creek, it was necessary to have a station nearer to the actual branching line.
1879: The platform of the new station was finished
1880: The present station building is the second on this site, built in 1880, 2 years after the railway opened.
1885: The station building and refreshment room finished.
1912: Additions to refreshment room.
1925: A second storey added to station building.
2005: Australian Railway Monument and museum opened.
Heritage listing
Werris Creek is a large Victorian station complex with a major freight and locomotive facility which developed because of its location at the junction of the main north line with the north west branch. The town developed to support the railway facility and the grandness of the facilities reflects the importance of the railway in the area. The present station building is the second on this site and was built in 1880, 2 years after the railway opened. It is architecturally significant as it comprises a collection of major non standard buildings laid out in the junction of the two lines giving an unusual and unique platform and building arrangement. It is also of high architectural interest for the quality of the design and detail and of townscape importance because of its dominance in the town and its incongruity in the location. The relationship of other facilities such as roundhouse and miscellaneous support facilities adds to the significance of the site. Some of the adjacent buildings to the station date from the opening of the railway and are interesting remnants of workshops and support facilities that have rarely survived on the system.
The Werris Creek Railway Station is significant to the community for social and cultural reasons. Its significance lies in its history and the role it played in the development of not only Werris Creek but also Parry Shire. It was the centre of the peripheral development of an entire city and also those surrounding rural communities that depended upon it for transport, communication and trade. Furthermore, It is an impressive structure in the Victorian Free Classical Style, with lavish design qualities that earn it high aesthetic significance. Lastly, it is representative of the importance railways played in the transport and communication for rural communities (Heritage Study).
Significant for its dominant effect on the streetscape and character of the town, for its elaborate detail and for its architectural quality.
Werris Creek railway station was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
The Werris Creek railway precinct is significant for its historical values as a tangible link to the development of the Great Northern Railway (GNR) line during the 19th century as well as the development of the NSW railways generally. The GNR was an important achievement in transport and engineering within NSW. As the third main trunk rail route in NSW stretching from Sydney to the Queensland border, the line linked townships to one another as well as to Sydney leading to significant economic and social impacts for those individual townships as well as for NSW more generally. Werris Creek Railway Precinct is significant as a major junction on the northern NSW railway system. From 1877 trains travelling north could follow the Great Northern Railway line to the Queensland border via Werris Creek or they could branch off to Gunnedah (and eventually Moree) at Werris Creek. The junction became highly significant as a place where passengers and goods were transhipped, where trains and crews changed and where passengers stopped for refreshments. The small town, which developed out of nothing to be a significant railway service centre, where many families were sustained by the income derived from railway related employment. The scale and grandeur of some of the buildings reflects the importance given to this location by railway authorities in the late 19th century.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
Werris Creek Railway Precinct is significant for its association with John Whitton, "father" of the NSW Railways, and his colleagues and successors. The place is a fine example of late nineteenth century railway architecture. It therefore stands as a monument to Whitton's elegant vision for a substantial railway building at Werris Creek.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
Werris Creek Railway Precinct is significant as one of the largest and best examples of highly intact Victorian and Federation railway architecture in NSW. The precinct is significant for its high quality of design, detailing and its unique setting at the junction of two railway lines. It demonstrates refined taste and competent detailing, especially in the two-storey railway refreshment rooms. Recent works to the place have recovered aspects of significance such as the large refreshment room with its high ceilings and cast iron columns. The works have been researched in detail to enable the authentic values of the RRR to be conserved.
The place makes an important contribution to the townscape of Werris Creek. It includes extant evidence of the passenger station, railway refreshment rooms, gas and power plants and other items including staff cottages and nearby sheds and a locomotive depot.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Werris Creek developed as a "railway town" and throughout much of its history most or all residents of the town were either directly employed by the railways or had close links to the railways. Many residents in the town are still involved in the rail industry, are retired railway employees, and/or are volunteers at the museum. Werris Creek is home to the Australian Railway Monument (a memorial for railway employees throughout Australia who were killed at work) and to the "Rail Journeys" museum which is located in the former refreshment room.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The place has some potential to reveal information about rail travel generally and about the design and operation of refreshments rooms and major country stations particularly with the ability to interpret this to the public in association with the present museum.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The arrangement and scale of the station buildings on the junction platform is unusual. Few locations have buildings of this scale (other examples include Junee and Moss Vale).
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
Werris Creek Railway Precinct is significant as it demonstrates the principal characteristics of nineteenth-century railway places. It has intact evidence of the passenger station and railway refreshment rooms. The SM's residence has local significance as an example of the standard of housing provided to railway employees in the early part of the twentieth century.
See also
List of regional railway stations in New South Wales
References
Bibliography
Attribution
External links
Werris Creek station details Transport for New South Wales
Easy Access railway stations in New South Wales
John Whitton railway stations
Regional railway stations in New South Wales
Railway stations in Australia opened in 1880
New South Wales State Heritage Register
Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
Main North railway line, New South Wales |
17998320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%202942 | HD 2942 | HD 2942 is a triple star system in the constellation Andromeda located approximately away.
The primary component, a red giant of spectral type K0III, has an apparent magnitude of 6.33, meaning that it is barely visible with the naked eye under good conditions.
The secondary component is much fainter, with an apparent magnitude 11.26, and is located 8.6 arcseconds away. It is a double-lined spectroscopic binary, where two very similar G-type main sequence stars of spectral types G6V and G8V orbit around their common center of mass in 7.489 days. The pair complete an orbit around the primary star every 24,762 years.
Catalogues of stellar multiplicity, like the Washington Double Star Catalog, usually list another component; this star, however, is located much more far away than the other two.
References
External links
Image ADS 455
Andromeda (constellation)
002942
Triple star systems
K-type giants
0134
002583
Durchmusterung objects |
17998332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20City%20Residential | New City Residential | NewCity Residential is a residential high-rise complex of seven skyscrapers in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. In the San Diego–Tijuana, region the buildings are increasingly being referred to as New City. The complex was built between 2006 and 2007 and consists of seven towers, out of which four have been built. With 27 stories, Diamond Tower is currently the tallest building in Tijuana. The other six towers will be the second-tallest buildings in Tijuana, with 24 stories.
The complex is located within Tijuana's central business district, Zona Río.
Architecture
The project was designed by the local Espazio architectural Group led by Arq. Jorge Gutierrez in association with Estrategias Urbanas consulting represented by Arq. Hector Osuna Jaime. New City was designed with the idea of creating a setting of comfort for the surrounding San Diego-Tijuana populace. It was also designed to appeal to most people and features a modern and unique look.
Design
The buildings are surrounded by a tall concrete wall and maintain gated access.
The towers facade material consists of concrete and the buildings have a curtain wall facade style. The style of building is postmodern and thus contemporary.
Gallery
See also
List of tallest buildings in Tijuana
References
External links
Tiene Todo
Skyscrapers in Tijuana
Residential skyscrapers in Mexico
Buildings and structures completed in 2007
Residential buildings completed in 2007
2007 establishments in Mexico |
17998333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never%20Say%20Die%20%281939%20film%29 | Never Say Die (1939 film) | Never Say Die is a 1939 American romantic comedy film starring Martha Raye and Bob Hope. Based on a play of the same title by William H. Post and William Collier Sr., which ran on Broadway for 151 performances in 1912, the film was directed by Elliott Nugent and written for the screen by Dan Hartman, Frank Butler and Preston Sturges. The supporting cast features Andy Devine, Alan Mowbray, Gale Sondergaard, Sig Ruman and Monty Woolley.
The Post/Collier play had previously been adapted in 1924 as a silent film of the same name and was remade as the 2004 South Korean film Someone Special. Other films with the same or similar titles are not related.
Plot
When test results get mixed up, multi-millionaire hypochondriac John Kidley is told that he only has a month to live. He dumps his fiancée, Juno Marko, while he is at the Swiss spa of Bad Gaswasser, there he meets a young Texas heiress, Mickey Hawkins.
Mickey has been betrothed to the fortune-hunting Prince Smirnov, but is in love with Henry Munch, a bus driver from back home. Believing he is dying, and wanting to help out, John suggests that Mickey and he get married, planning on leaving her his fortune so that she can marry who she wants when he's gone. On their honeymoon, with Henry along as a chaperone, the couple fall in love for real, although, of course, they don't realize it right away.
During the honeymoon, Mickey makes a bet that she can tell which man is kissing her while she's blindfolded. The experiment takes an unexpected turn when a bear scares off John and Henry and Mickey ends up enthusiastically kissing the animal.
Eventually, John bests the Prince in a duel, Henry and Juno get engaged, and John and Mickey get to stay together.
Cast
Martha Raye as Mickey Hawkins
Bob Hope as John Kidley
Andy Devine as Henry Munch
Alan Mowbray as Prince Smirnov
Gale Sondergaard as Juno Marko
Sig Ruman as Poppa Ingleborg
Ernest Cossart as Jeepers
Paul Harvey as Jasper Hawkins
Frances Arms as Momma Ingleborg
Ivan F. Simpson as Kretsky
Monty Woolley as Dr. Schmidt
Foy Van Dolsen as Kretsky's bodyguard
Christian Rub as The mayor
Cast notes:
Hans Conried has a small uncredited part, only his second film appearance.
Albert Dekker, who plays the uncredited role of "Kidley's second" was an established Broadway star before turning to film acting.
Songs
"The Tra La La and the Oom Pah Pah" - by Ralph Rainger (music) and Leo Robin (lyrics)
Production
Never Say Die was originally slated to star Jack Benny and Franciska Gaal, under the direction of Raoul Walsh and produced by Arthur Hornblow Jr. The film was in production from early October to early December 1938, and premiered in New York on 9 March 1939. It went into general release on 14 April of that year.
Production credits
Elliott Nugent - director
Paul Jones - producer
Don Hartman - screenplay
Frank Butler - screenplay
Preston Sturges - screenplay
William H. Post - writer of play on which the film was based
Leo Tover - photography
Farciot Edouart - special photographic effects
Hans Dreier - art direction
Ernst Fegté - art direction
Edith Head - costumes
James Smith - editor
Philip Wisdom - sound recording
Walter Oberst - sound recording
A. E. Freudeman - interior decorations
Boris Morros - musical direction
References
External links
1939 films
American black-and-white films
American films based on plays
Films directed by Elliott Nugent
Paramount Pictures films
1939 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
Films with screenplays by Preston Sturges
1930s American films
1930s English-language films
English-language romantic comedy films
Films scored by John Leipold
Films scored by Leo Shuken |
17998337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orienteering%20World%20Cup | Orienteering World Cup | The Orienteering World Cup is a series of orienteering competitions organized annually by the International Orienteering Federation. Two unofficial cups were organized in 1983 and 1984. The official World Cup was held first in 1986, and then every second year up to 2004. From 2004 the World Cup has been held annually.
Hosting nations
Scoring
Individual
The object of the World Cup is to collect points during the season. The total score for an individual is the sum of all points scored in each competition. The 40 best runners in each individual event are awarded points, where the winner is awarded 100 points. Any runner places below 40th is not awarded points. If a tie occurs, both runners are awared the points as if they were placed in the highest of the tied positions.
As of 2024, the current points distribution are as follows:
*For example, 10th place gains 31 points (-10 + 41 = 31)
Runners who are not placed in any given round are awarded points for last place in the given round.
Team
The total team score is the sum of scores from both individual and relay events.
For individual races: the sum of the four best places runners, both men and women.
Relay: The individual table * 10.
Sprint relay: The table above * 20.
World Cup overall results
Women
Men
Records
Most overall wins
The table shows all winners of the overall World Cup who achieved minimum two top 3 finishes.
Active athletes are bolded.
As of 10 October 2023
Men
Women
Most race victories
This is a list of the orienteers who have won two or more World Cup races.
Results from the World Cup's inception in 1986 until the 1996 are incomplete.
Active athletes are bolded.
Men
Women
See also
International Orienteering Federation (IOF)
World Orienteering Championships
Junior World Orienteering Championships
European Orienteering Championships
References
World Cup
Orienteering
Recurring sporting events established in 1983 |
17998358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Rosewell | Thomas Rosewell | Reverend Thomas Rosewell (3 May 1630 – 14 February 1692) was a Nonconformist minister of Rotherhithe, Surrey who was found guilty of treason but subsequently pardoned by King Charles II.
Early years and education
Thomas was born 3 May 1630 at Dunkerton, Somerset. He was the only son of Richard Rosewell (d. 1640) of Dunkerton, gentleman, and Grace Melborne (d. 1646). Thomas was raised by his uncle, James Rosewell, of Combe Hay, Somerset and attended King Edward's School, Bath. In 1645 he was sent to London to learn to be a silk-weaver. In 1646 a distant relation (father-in-law of first cousin), Humphrey Chambers, one of the Westminster Divines, and his first cousin, Reverend Walter Rosewell, persuaded James to educate him for the ministry. Thomas entered Pembroke College, Oxford in 1648 where he graduated B.A. in 1651.
Relations
The ancestors of Thomas Rosewell came from Bradford-on-Tone, Somerset. Richard Rowswell (d.1543) married Alice Ceelie (Seeley) of North Curry. They had one daughter and four sons: Joanne married Thomas Foreaker of Bradford; John Rowswell married Agnes Dyer of Wincanton, sister of Sir James Dyer; William Rosewell (1499-1568) purchased the manor of High Littleton and lived at Dunkerton; Rev. Adam Rosewell (d. 1567) was vicar of Orcheston St George, Clevedon and Shepton Mallet; and a fourth son, also named William Rosewell (d. 1570), held land at Loxton and Compton Bishop. William Rosewell of Loxton was the father of William Rosewell, Solicitor General to Queen Elizabeth I and they jointly purchased the manor of Yarlington, Somerset.
William Rosewell (1499-1568) of Dunkerton
+ (i) Joan Fontneys
John Rosewell (d.1605) of Englishcombe. Married twice with many children by each wife.
+ (ii) Agnes Tilley
Thomas Rosewell (1533-c.1602) of Dunkerton
+ Margaret Attwood of Doynton, Gloucestershire
William Rosewell (c.1561-c.1620) of Dunkerton
+ Cecilia Coddrington
Richard Rosewell (1588-1640) of Dunkerton
+ Grace Melborne of Dunkerton
Rev. Thomas Rosewell (1630-1692)
Marriages
Thomas married (1) Susannah Strickland (d. 1661) daughter of John Strickland of Salisbury, Wiltshire on 29 May 1656 and (2) a widow, Anne Godsalve (née Wanley) on 9 Jan 1677. He had three children by his first wife: Susannah; Elizabeth; and Margaret, who married the Nonconformist bookseller John Lawrence; and four by the second: Susannah; Rhoda; Samuel; and Eliezer.
Career and ministries
In 1652 he took the post of tutor to the nephew of John Dodridge at Weare Gifford, Devon. He was presented to the rectory of Rode, Somerset by the widow of Sir Edward Hungerford in May 1653 and was ordained at Salisbury in 1654 by the Presbyterians John Strickland rector of Salisbury, Wiltshire and Peter Ince rector of Donhead St Andrew, Wiltshire. He exchanged ministries for Sutton Mandeville, Wiltshire in 1657 in order for his wife to be nearer to her father in Salisbury.
He was ejected by the uniformity act in 1662 and became, in 1663, chaplain and tutor in Lady Hungerford's family at Corsham, Wiltshire. He suffered a slight mental disturbance in 1671 and moved as tutor to the family of Thomas Grove of Ferne near Berwick St John, Wiltshire. He developed depression and went to live in the house of Luke Rugeley, M.D. from October 1673 to February 1674 when he was completely recovered.
During his life, Thomas Rosewell published two books: An Answer unto Thirty Questions Propounded by the Quakers (1656) and The Causes and Cure of the Pestilence (1665).
On 5 May 1674 he was elected as Nonconformist minister at Rotherhithe, Surrey.
Tried for treason
His fame rests on his sensational trial for high treason in 1684. In a sermon preached on 14 September that year Rosewell allegedly declared that 'we have had two wicked kings now together who have suffered popery to be introduced under their noses...'. He was arrested on 18 September and was tried in Westminster Hall by "Hanging" Judge Jeffries.
The charge against him, that of treasonable preaching pointing to the king's death, was absurdly at variance with the whole of his previous character and known opinions. Thomas conducted his own defence and argued over the meaning of the charges written in Latin compared to the English words that he actually used. Evidence against him was tendered by three women of disreputable character, one of whom admitted that she had been paid to collect evidence. It is not clear from their sworn testimony whether they wilfully distorted his words or mistook his meaning. Despite clear counter-evidence presented by numerous witnesses, the jury, directed by Jeffreys, found him guilty of treason for which the penalty would have been death by beheading. However, he was not sentenced.
When he came for sentence on 24 November, he argued his exception to the indictment as being deficient in the English interpretation of the original Latin. Jeffries acceded to Thomas's appeal for Counsel to argue a case about the sentence but would not agree to provide a copy of the indictment. Jeffries took Counsel's argument under consideration and released Thomas on bail.
His arrest and conviction had shocked and enraged Presbyterians and Anglicans alike. On 28 January 1685 Charles II granted him a pardon, having been told by Sir John Talbot: "If your majesty suffers this man to die, we are none of us safe in our houses".
The whole proceedings of this trial was reported and is referred to in more recent works on the proper conduct of trial by jury.
Death
He died at Bermondsey, Surrey on 14 Feb 1692 and was buried at Bunhill Fields, London. The funeral service was conducted by three Presbyterian and three Independent ministers. Mathew Mead, Independent minister of Stepney, preached his funeral sermon.
The original headstone was inscribed in Latin. Some time later, a new headstone was erected at the rear of the original and it was inscribed with an English translation of the Latin text as follows:
Here is buried THOMAS ROSEWELL a most distinguished divine.
Born at Dunkerton in the county of Somerset:
A graduate of Pembroke College, Oxford:
Who administered the sacraments first at Rode in the aforesaid county:
Then in the town of Sutton Mandeville in the county of Wiltshire until St Bartholomew's day in the year 1662:
Finally he was appointed pastor of the church at Rotherhithe near London in the county of Surrey.
A man no less esteemed for his piety and modesty than for his learning;
a preacher outstanding in skill, eloquence and zeal;
an assiduous and most expert interpreter of Holy Scripture.
Who after many labours and most grievous troubles arising from the injustice of the times,
which he had borne for Christ's sake with the greatest fortitude,
died peacefully at the aforesaid Rotherhithe on February 14th.
In the 62nd year of his life and the year of the Lord 1692.
Further reading
.
References
1630 births
1692 deaths
Ejected English ministers of 1662
Recipients of English royal pardons
People educated at King Edward's School, Bath
Burials at Bunhill Fields |
17998382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus%20%28Williams%20novel%29 | Augustus (Williams novel) | Augustus is an epistolary, historical fiction by John Williams published by Viking Press in 1972. It tells the story of Augustus, emperor of Rome, from his youth through old age. The book is divided into two parts, the beginning chronicling his rise to power, the latter describing his rule thereafter, and the familial problems faced choosing a successor. Williams and Augustus shared the 1973 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction with John Barth and Chimera, the first time the award was split, and the only one of Williams's four novels to receive significant acclaim within his lifetime.
After falling out of print the novel was re-issued in 2014 by NYRB Classics as part of their revival of Williams’s work.
Plot
Told through various letters and fragments, Augustus begins when Gaius Octavius Thurinus is 17 and is called away from his mother by his great-uncle, Julius Caesar, who reveals he intends to groom the boy to be his successor. Gaius Octavius spends a few years with three young men around his own age, Gaius Cilnius Maecenas, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, and Quintus Salvidienus Rufus. When he is 19 Gaius Octavius receives a letter from his mother informing him that Caesar has been murdered and urging him to renounce the will which will name him as Caesar's adopted son. Ignoring her council the four young men make a pact to protect Gaius Octavius and avenge Caesar. They go to Rome unarmed and are thus assumed not to be a threat by Caesar's assassins. The friends are particularly suspicious of Marc Antony, a friend of Caesar's whom they view as disloyal.
In order to gain the backing of the Senate to legitimize him as a Caesar, Octavius (now using the name Caesar) corals an army to protect Decimus Carfulenus and attack Marc Antony's army. After Octavius Caesar is successful the senate reneges on their promise. Octavius Caesar then arranges a secret meeting with Marc Antony in order to consolidate their power, joining with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus to anoint themselves "Triumvirs". During the negotiations Octavius Caesar learns that Quintus Salvidienus Rufus, who he left in charge of his armies, betrayed him to Antony. Octavius Caesar strips him of his powers and Quintus commits suicide out of shame.
After the assassinations of the Triumvirs senatorial enemies, Rome is brought to an uneasy peace though Octavius Caesar and Antony continue to regard each other with deep suspicion. To confirm their uneasy alliance Antony marries Octavius Caesar's sister, Octavia the Younger, however his interests lie in Egypt with Cleopatra and in the unsuccessful attempts to conquer new territory. As tensions increase, Antony seeks to engage Octavius Caesar in civil war, however he loses the Battle of Actium and commits suicide shortly thereafter. Octavius Caesar has both Caesarion (Caesar's son with Cleopatra) and Marcus Antonius Antyllus (Mark Antony's son and official heir), both only 17, assassinated. At the age of 33, Octavius Caesar has now consolidated power. He is given the title Augustus.
Now comfortably in power, Octavius Caesar spends most of his time defending the borders of his empire. He enjoys a happy marriage with his third wife, Livia, and leaves her in charge of rearing his only biological daughter, Julia. Unlike other women of her era, Octavius Caesar insists on giving his daughter an education closer to that of a male child. When Julia is only 14, Octavius Caesar becomes severely ill. Fearing death, and desperate to protect the line of succession he marries Julia to her cousin, and his niece to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. Octavius Caesar manages to survive the sickness but it in turn kills Julia's husband. Once again seeking to protect his plans of succession he has his niece divorce Agrippa and the now widowed Julia marry him. The political maneuverings put Octavius Caesar at odds with his sister, Octavia, and his wife, Livia, who had hoped that Julia would marry her son from her first marriage, Tiberius. As their marriage breaks down, Octavius takes his friend Maecenas's wife as a mistress.
In the meantime, Julia bears her husband a son and heir. At the age of 21 she begins to realize the great power she has as the daughter of an emperor and mother of a presumed emperor. She joins her father and husband on a tour of their territories but is called back by her father in shame when it becomes known that she has been named a goddess and engaged in strange sexual rituals on the island of Lesbos. In her late 30s Julia begins an affair with her cousin's husband, Iullus Antonius, the son of Mark Antony. Her husband and father tolerate the affair, however it is discovered by Octavius Caesar that Iullus Antonius, along with several of Julia's former lovers, had been plotting to kill him and her husband, Tiberius and that Tiberius is well aware of the plot and plans to publicize it in order to seize power. To protect Julia, Octavius Caesar himself decides to have Julia prosecuted under adultery laws which lead to her banishment. Despite disliking Tiberius he confirms him as his heir and finally adopts him.
In a long letter to his old friend Nicolaus of Damascus, Octavius reflects on his life and his failures, surprised that despite working to
bring peace to the people of Rome, they seem to long for violence and instability.
50 years later, Octavius' final physician reflects on what little he knew of the man and hopes that the newly named emperor Nero will once again bring stability to Rome.
Major themes
The major theme Augustus addresses is the ability of circumstances to change the personality and behavior of a person. The conditions that surrounded Augustus's rise to power plagued Ancient Rome with violence and contention, which led to Augustus working hard to implement a time of peace and cooperation in Rome, commonly referred to as the Pax Romana or the Pax Augusta. Other themes Williams writes on in his novel include coming of age and the difference between restraint and resignation.
Background
Augustus is the last work Williams published before his death in 1994. Though Augustus garnered little public recognition while Williams was alive, the critical reception of the work was generally positive. Augustus is different from Williams's other works in that it is his only piece in which the main character is not named William. In addition, it is his first novel that takes place outside of the United States.
Critical reception
Augustus was received positively from critics across the country. Augustus garnered so much critical respect that it won the National Book Award in 1973. Williams and Augustus shared the 1973 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction with John Barth and Chimera, the first time the award was split. Critics such as Harold Augenbraum discuss the split award in their work, saying that this was the first time the fiction award was split and also discussing that the 1973 National Book Awards allowed many categories to split the awards.
Both the Los Angeles Review of Books and the New York Review of Books offered positive criticism, particularly about the fusion of biography and fiction. Reviewer Daniel Mendelsohn of the New York Review of Books wrote that "the life of the first emperor is an ideal vehicle for a historical novel: Augustus is a figure about whom we know at once a great deal and very little, and hence invites both description and invention".
Critics overwhelmingly praised the narrative of Augustus while critiquing the lack of speaking time Williams gives the title character. Overall, most critics praised Williams for forgoing his own personal voice to relay characters that are historical with personalities Williams imagines for himself and his audience.
References
1972 American novels
Novels set in the 1st century BC
American historical novels
Fictional depictions of Augustus in literature
Epistolary novels
National Book Award for Fiction–winning works
Novels set in ancient Rome
Viking Press books
NYRB Classics
Depictions of Julius Caesar in literature
Cultural depictions of Mark Antony
Cultural depictions of Lepidus
Cultural depictions of Octavia the Younger
Depictions of Cleopatra in literature
Cultural depictions of Caesarion
Cultural depictions of Nero |
17998399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim%27s%20Art%20Nouveau%20%22Collection%201900%22 | Maxim's Art Nouveau "Collection 1900" | Maxim's Art Nouveau "Collection 1900", also known as the Musée Art Nouveau - Maxim's, is a private collection of Art Nouveau objects and decor, located in the 8th arrondissement above Maxim's Paris restaurant at 3, Rue Royale, Paris, France. It is open for guided tours in afternoons except Monday and Tuesday; an admission fee is charged.
Pierre Cardin (the owner since 1981 of Maxim's restaurant, a symbol for Art Nouveau) has collected for over 60 years objects from the Belle Epoque. There are more than 550 pieces from all over the world, signed by Louis Majorelle, Louis Comfort Tiffany, Émile Gallé, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Clement Massier. These objects are displayed in a 12-room apartment building (three floors) which is now classified as a historic monument.
Highlights of the collection include furniture by Majorelle, a sofa inspired by Antoni Gaudí and recreations of bedrooms from that time period.
See also
List of museums in Paris
References
Maxim's art nouveau website
Cahier de Paris entry
Art museums and galleries in Paris
Decorative arts museums in France
Art Nouveau collections
Buildings and structures in the 8th arrondissement of Paris |
17998412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie%20O.%20and%20Henry%20Drake%20Octagon%20House | Hattie O. and Henry Drake Octagon House | The Hattie O. and Henry Drake Octagon House, built c. 1893, is an octagonal house located at 605 3rd Street, South West, in Huron, South Dakota. The home's most unusual feature may be its mansard roof.
On January 30, 1992, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in South Dakota
Buildings and structures in Huron, South Dakota
Octagon houses in the United States
Houses in Beadle County, South Dakota
National Register of Historic Places in Beadle County, South Dakota |
17998430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico%20the%20Unicorn | Nico the Unicorn | Nico the Unicorn is the name of a 1996 juvenile fiction book and its 1998 film adaptation. The book was written by Frank Sacks; he also wrote the screenplay for the film, which was directed by Graeme Campbell.
Book
The book was written by Frank Sacks and first published by Tom Doherty Associates in 1996 with the front cover art by David Gaadt. Sacks is a writer and film producer and Nico the Unicorn was his first novel intended for children.
Plot
After the accident which resulted in his leg being injured. Billy visits the Starlight Circus. There he meets and buys a pony who gives birth to a unicorn who he names Nico. Later the pony gets killed by a mountain lion and Billy has to do what he can with his secret to protect his new friend.
Characters
Billy - The Protagonist whose leg gets injured by a drunken driver.
Nico - Billy's magical unicorn.
The Pony - Nico's mother.
Bruce - The bully who always calls Billy a gimp.
Julie - Billy's mother.
Carolyn - Billy's friend who lets slip about Nico to Bruce and his gang.
Film
The film was directed by Graeme Campbell based on a screenplay by Frank Sacks, who authored the book. Filming took place around Canada's Eastern Townships and Montreal. The Canadian production was released in 1998. It was originally set to be distributed by CineTel Films but the distribution rights were later sold to Moonstone Entertainment.
Cast
Anne Archer ... Julie Hastings
Michael Ontkean ... Tom Gentry
Kevin Zegers ... Billy Hastings
Pierre Chagnon ... Ben Willett
Elisha Cuthbert ... Carolyn Price
Plot
Billy and his mother moved from Boston to rural Vermont after a car accident which left Billy fatherless and with a gimpy leg. Billy has a hard time adjusting to life in Vermont and has trouble making friends. While shopping at the mall after school one day, Billy stumbles upon a ramshackle petting zoo, where the animals are kept in poor conditions. After seeing a small pony with a horn taped to its head and finding out that it is about to be sold for slaughter, Billy instead makes a deal with the zoo keeper and buys the pony. Once Billy takes the pony home, he cleans her up and cares for her. The pony appears to be pregnant and eventually foals, under the watchful eye of Billy and his friend Carolyn. The pony's foal grows a horn and turns out to be a unicorn, who grows at a tremendous rate. Billy names the colt Nico from the letters found in the word "unicorn".
One day, while Billy is at school, a hungry mountain lion comes to attack the pony and the foal in the stable. The pony sacrifices herself for the well-being of her colt, and she is killed by the mountain lion. Billy and his mother later bury the pony on their land. That night, magic descends upon the stable, and in the morning, Billy discovers that Nico has become full grown. Carolyn visits later in the day and tells Billy that he could charge people to see Nico and help his mother, Julie, earn money for her to go to school. Billy is annoyed at this and he and Carolyn argue making Carolyn storm off back into town, where she meets Bruce and Mark who make fun of Billy for saying he has a unicorn. Carolyn, defends Billy by telling them she has seen Nico, before quickly denying it when Bruce becomes too interested. The group doesn't believe Carolyn, but decides to pull a hoax instead for the paper, and plan to take a picture of Nico with a fake horn. They make an offer with the local news reporter Cecil who is looking for a big story, that if they provide proof of a unicorn, Cecil will pay them a hundred thousand dollars. Cecil agrees thinking they are making it up.
Meanwhile, Carolyn has cycled on ahead to warn Billy, who immediately packs his bag to take Nico to safety up on Big Rock at the top of a dangerous mountain. Bruce and friends arrive before he leaves, and ask Billy where Nico is, when Billy refuses to say Bruce pushes Billy down, and Nico comes out of the bushes and goes to attack Bruce. Bruce panics crying out for Billy to help which Billy does, before Bruce and Mark take pictures of Nico and run away. Billy decides now that he has to take Nico away before people take Nico away from him, and tells Carolyn to tell his mother where Billy has gone. Bruce manages to convince Cecil with the photos of Nico, who immediately calls 'his people', Cecil also tells the owner of the diner, Joe and it is also where Billy's mother works, Julie hears about the story and goes home where Carolyn tells her where Billy has gone, worried about Billy's leg and his safety Julie sets out after him on Carolyn's bike. By now the local police are involved too, led by Julie's boyfriend, Deputy Pete, who are more focused on rescuing Julie and Billy from the dangerous mountain.
Having not gotten very far, Julie soon catches up to Billy, who is discarding his leg cast so he can ride Nico bareback, something that could confine him to a wheelchair if he has a bad fall. Billy pleads with his mother to give him a chance, and to lead the police away from him. Eventually Julie agrees and leaves back down the mountain where she meets with the police, who are prepared to search the mountain by horseback, Julie tells them she knows where Billy is and leads them in the wrong direction until Carolyn, who does not know that Billy asked Julie to lead them astray, says she has never been to Big Rock which is where Billy is going. Julie confesses to leading them the wrong way and the whole group turn around.
With his mother leading the others away, Billy eventually reaches the top of Big Rock where he and Nico are stuck at the edge of a cliff, behind him a news helicopter lands to take pictures, and Billy and Nico flee but before they can escape, the police, Julie and Carolyn arrive on their horses. Nico turns and runs toward the cliff before jumping and flies over the gap and lands on the other side. On the other side is a desert like terrain where Nico takes Billy inside a cave, he dismounts Nico and finds cave drawings of unicorns on the walls, when there is a gold glowing light which takes Nico and Billy to a paradise like land, where Nico lives and Billy's leg is healed, enabling him to walk and run properly again. Whilst taking a drink from the water there, Billy sees his mother's sad face in the reflection and knows he has to go back, he says goodbye to Nico for the final time before he goes back through the cave, where his mother and everyone is waiting for him on the desert terrain, having flown over in the helicopter. Billy hugs his mother and Cecil, with a camera, interrogates him about the unicorn to which Billy looks straight into the camera and says, "What unicorn? Everyone knows unicorns don't exist." Leaving Cecil storyless and returning home with his healed leg and mother.
Reception
Mark Deming called the film "heart-warming" for The New York Times. The Dove Foundation found it to be a charming family movie.
Renee Schonfeld at Common Sense Media wrote that it was a likeable story with good messages and role models, but cautioned that some scenes might be intense for animal-loving children.
See also
List of films about horses
References
External links
1998 direct-to-video films
1998 films
American fantasy adventure films
1990s fantasy adventure films
Canadian fantasy adventure films
CineTel Films films
Films about horses
Films about unicorns
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
1990s Canadian films
Films about cougars
English-language fantasy adventure films |
17998441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleda%20Shirley | Aleda Shirley | Aleda Shirley (May 2, 1955 – June 16, 2008) was an American poet.
Some of Shirley's earlier works were published by Kentucky Foundation for Women's literary journal The American Voice.
Life
Aleda Shirley received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Mississippi Arts Commission, and the Kentucky Arts Council. Her poems appeared in such places as The American Poetry Review, Kenyon Review, Poetry, and Virginia Quarterly Review. At her death in June 2008 she lived in Jackson, Mississippi.
Her debut book of poems, Chinese Architecture, (University of Georgia Press), won the Poetry Society of America's Norma Farber First Book Award in 1987. As Library Journal stated: “The polished, controlled surfaces of the poems in this artful first collection belie what lies beyond: a passionate dialogue of antagonists—parents and child, lover and deceiver, silence and speech, light and dark. ... Shirley pays close attention to craft, and her language resonates with an honesty and openness to experience that is both seductive and refreshing.”
Shirley's second poetry collection, Long Distance, received the following starred review in the September 30, 1996, issue of Publishers Weekly: “The idea that ‘America may always be more a passage than a place’ is explored with kaleidoscopic resonance and cut-glass clarity in this moving second collection by Mississippi poet Shirley. . . . Throughout, both time and space are evocatively shape-shifting dimensions, as when, on a drive through Oklahoma, ‘That road seemed like the future: an emptiness / that could turn, at any moment, into beauty.’ With a seemingly common first-person speaker throughout, these poems invoke love, its loss and an ever-shadowing solitude against an ever-shifting setting (from dusty Texas to the eerily romantic, poolside setting of ‘Tropical Deco’). Shirley grounds the numinous in palpable detail (a poem about the Mexican Day of the Dead describes ‘. . .the rooms rich with the smell of bread, pan de los muertos, / lemon-colored loaves shaped in the swelling oval / of a human soul’). Reminiscent of poems of the late Richard Hugo, Shirley's measured lyric language and seamless craftsmanship reveal the offroad intimacies and profundities of the American landscape.”
Miami University Press editor James Reiss described his reasons for publishing her second book, Long Distance: “What I love about Shirley’s poems are their accessibility, the way they bring in popular science, Spanish, French en passant, and especially their poignant down-home quality, as if they arise like smoke from hearths in Kentucky (or Mississippi) where single women endure and prevail. F. Scott Fitzgerald wasn’t entirely accurate when he famously said, ‘There are no second acts in American lives.’ Aleda Shirley has disproved him with her brilliant second book.”
Works
Chinese Architecture, 1986
Long Distance, 1996
Dark Familiar, 2006
References
1955 births
2008 deaths
American women poets
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women |
17998464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964%20NBA%20All-Star%20Game | 1964 NBA All-Star Game | The 14th National Basketball Association All-Star Game was played on January 14, 1964, at Boston Garden in Boston. The coaches were Red Auerbach for the East, and Fred Schaus for the West.
Eastern Division
Western Division
Score by periods
Halftime— East, 59–49
Third Quarter— East, 86–77
Officials: Sid Borgia and Mendy Rudolph
Attendance: 13,464.
Historical significance
The game was notable for the threat of a strike by the players, who refused to play just before the game unless the owners agreed to recognize the players' union. The owners agreed primarily because it was the first All-Star Game to be televised and if it were not played due to strike it would have been embarrassing at a time when the NBA was still attempting to gain national exposure. The NBA did not have a national TV contract at the time, but ABC agreed to televise the All-Star game and consider a contract for continuing coverage. They made it clear that if the All-Star Game was not played, ABC would drop its interest completely. This led directly to many rights and freedoms not previously extended to professional basketball players.
References
NBA All-Star Game
All-Star
Basketball competitions in Boston
NBA All-Star Game
1960s in Boston
NBA All-Star Game |
17998467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965%20NBA%20All-Star%20Game | 1965 NBA All-Star Game | The 15th National Basketball Association All-Star Game was played on January 13, 1965, in St. Louis. The coaches were Red Auerbach for the East, and Alex Hannum for the West.
Western Division
Eastern Division
Score by Periods
Halftime— East, 75–61
Third Quarter— East, 107–91
Officials: Mendy Rudolph and Joe Gushue
Attendance: 16,713.
References
NBA All-Star Game
All-Star |
17998470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966%20NBA%20All-Star%20Game | 1966 NBA All-Star Game | The 16th National Basketball Association All-Star Game was played on January 11, 1966, at Cincinnati Gardens in Cincinnati. The coaches were Red Auerbach for the East, and Fred Schaus for the West. Much of the game would focus around the local team's three named All-Stars. Cincinnati's Oscar Robertson had been named the event's MVP in 1964, and Cincinnati's Jerry Lucas had been named MVP in 1965. At game time, the East Division's top three teams, Boston, Philadelphia and Cincinnati, had the three best records in the league, with New York trailing far behind. This led East Coach Red Auerbach to name Cincinnati's Adrian Smith as a reserve and not New York's sharpshooting Dick Barnett, a source of some controversy at the time. The home crowd rallied behind Smith as he emerged as the game's star. It was Smith's only All-Star appearance, and he remains to-date the only one-time NBA All-Star ever named the event's MVP. The overmatched West suffered not just from poor shooting, but also from losing key All-Star Jerry West to an eye injury in the first quarter. The game was nationally televised, with an attendance of 13,653.
Eastern Division
Western Division
Score by Periods
Halftime— East, 63–36
Third Quarter— East, 101–68
Officials: Norm Drucker and John Vanak
Attendance: 13,653.
References
NBA All-Star Game
All-Star
Basketball competitions in Cincinnati
1966 in sports in Ohio
1960s in Cincinnati |
17998518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution%20in%20Azerbaijan | Prostitution in Azerbaijan | Prostitution in Azerbaijan is illegal but common. Prostitution is an administrative offence and punishable by a fine. Keeping a brothel is a criminal offence and punishable by up to 6 years' imprisonment. In 2017 a draft law proposing to add heavy fines to the punishment for keeping a brothel was before the National Assembly. It has been estimated that there are 25,054 prostitutes in Azerbaijan, some of which are aged 15 to 18.
During the Soviet era prostitution was uncommon except for those under the control of the KGB, many of whom were informants.
In the Badamdar district of the capital, Baku, there are many cafes where prostitutes solicit clients. In 2011, over 300 local residents held a protest against the situation. Prostitutes can also be found in cafes in Nizami Street (known locally as "Torgovaya" – Trade Street) in downtown Baku.
The country is a sex tourism destination, particularly with men from Iran, the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait.
Sex trafficking
Human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Azerbaijan, and traffickers exploit victims from Azerbaijan abroad. Women and children from Azerbaijan are subjected to sex trafficking within the country and in Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Russia, Turkey, and the UAE. Azerbaijan is a destination country for sex trafficking victims from China, Russia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. In previous years, Azerbaijan has been used as a transit country for victims of sex trafficking from Central Asia to Iran, Turkey, and the UAE.
The 2005 Law on the Fight against Trafficking in Persons and article 144 of the criminal code prohibit sex and lobar trafficking and prescribe penalties of five to ten years' imprisonment. The government investigated twenty-six cases of sexual exploitation in 2018, and convicted 21 sex traffickers, compared to 25 sex traffickers in 2017.
In 2019, the United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons downgraded Azerbaijan to a 'Tier 2 watch list' country.
See also
Prostitution in the Soviet Union
References
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Women's rights in Azerbaijan
Human rights in Azerbaijan
Social issues in Azerbaijan |
17998525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle%20of%20Friends%20%281995%20film%29 | Circle of Friends (1995 film) | Circle of Friends is a 1995 film directed by Irish filmmaker Pat O'Connor, and based on the 1990 novel of the same name written by Maeve Binchy.
The movie was well received by critics and was a box office success.
Plot
Set in 1950s Ireland, the film opens with the First Communion of three friends in the small town of Knockglen: Bernadette "Benny" Hogan, Eve Malone and Nan Mahon. Benny is the beloved and well-fed only child of the local tailor, Eve is an orphan reared by nuns, and Nan is destined to be defined by her beauty. Nan's family moves away to Dublin, and the story skips ahead six years to when the three friends are reunited at University College Dublin.
Benny's loving but overprotective parents insist that she live at home and commute to university. They also hope she'll marry her father's assistant, the creepy Sean Walsh. Eve's education is financed by the local landowning family, the Westwards, who employed her father before his death. She has inherited a cottage in Knockglen but boards at a Dublin convent during the week.
Benny soon falls for Jack Foley, a handsome rugby player studying medicine. She initially assumes she isn't sophisticated or pretty enough for him, but after spending time together at the College Ball they begin dating. Eve also begins a relationship with Jack's friend Aidan, and hosts weekend parties for her university friends at her cottage. Nan becomes involved with Simon Westward, heir to the estate in Knockglen. They begin secretly visiting Eve's cottage during the week to have sex.
When Benny's father dies, she suspends her studies to care for her mother and run the family shop. Sean attempts to woo her, although Benny finds him repulsive. She notices funds are missing from the business and suspects Sean is responsible, but lacks proof. Eve begins to suspect that someone has been going into her cottage while she's away. Nan suggests that the cottage might be haunted.
Nan becomes pregnant and tells Simon, sure he will marry her. He instead offers her money for an abortion in England. Nan runs into Jack, who has not seen Benny since her father's funeral. She convinces him to take her to a party and lures him into sex, later pretending that he got her pregnant. Jack is honourable and offers to marry Nan. He tells Benny and she is devastated.
Eve throws another party at the cottage. Nan convinces Jack they should attend, though he feels uneasy about it. Eve, having guessed that Nan has secretly been meeting Simon at her cottage, confronts Nan and waves a bread knife at her. Nan backs away, falls through a glass door, and is severely cut. Jack attends to her injuries. Benny leaves the party.
Benny searches Sean's living area for evidence that he has stolen from her family's business. Sean finds her there and attempts to sexually assault her. She fights him off, and in the struggle uncovers the hiding place for the money he has embezzled. Benny orders Sean to leave before she calls the Guards.
Nan decides to begin a new life in England. After Jack sees her off, he tries to win Benny back. He explains that aiding Nan convinced him that he was really meant to be a doctor. He says that he never loved Nan, and is in love with Benny. Benny tells him his actions have changed her and their relationship and they must take their time.
In a voiceover, Benny says Jack addressed his studies and pursued her, while she moved to Dublin to share a flat with Eve. A paper Benny writes causes a stir and points towards her career as a writer. In time, she falls in love with Jack again. The final scene shows her taking Jack to Eve's cottage. As he follows her inside, Benny says "Bless me father, for I have sinned," implying they have finally consummated their courtship.
Cast
Differences from the novel
There are several differences between the film and the novel it is based on, with many supporting characters and subplots being omitted from the film. In the book, Benny and Eve grow up together in Knockglen and do not meet Nan until they begin university. Eve's relationship to the Westward family is also a more significant part of the book. Her mother was a Westward but the family disowned her when she married Eve's father, who worked as a gardener on the estate.
The most notable change is the romantic ending added to the movie, with Benny and Jack reunited. In the novel, Benny realizes that Jack isn't the perfect man she once believed him to be and that they wouldn't be happy together long term. She is able to forgive him, but refuses to get back together with him.
Reception
Circle of Friends was positively received by critics, as the film holds a 78% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 36 reviews.
References
External links
Circle of Friends at Shot at Trinity (database of films shot at Trinity College Dublin)
1995 films
1995 drama films
Irish drama films
Films directed by Pat O'Connor
Films with screenplays by Andrew Davies
Films based on Irish novels
Films scored by Michael Kamen
Savoy Pictures films
Films set in Dublin (city)
1990s English-language films
1990s female buddy films
English-language buddy films |
17998533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20FIVB%20Volleyball%20Men%27s%20World%20Grand%20Champions%20Cup | 2005 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Grand Champions Cup | The 2005 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Grand Champions Cup was held in Nagano and Tokyo, Japan from 22 to 27 November 2005.
Qualification
Competition formula
The competition formula of the 2005 Men's World Grand Champions Cup was the single Round-Robin system. Each team plays once against each of the 5 remaining teams. Points were accumulated during the whole tournament, and the final standing was determined by the total points gained.
Squads
Venues
Nagano White Ring, Nagano, Japan
Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium, Tokyo, Japan
Results
All times are Japan Standard Time (UTC+09:00).
Nagano round
Tokyo round
Final standing
Team Roster
Marcelinho, André Heller, Giba, Murilo, André, Sérgio, Anderson, Samuel, Gustavo, Rodrigão, Ezinho, Ricardo
Head Coach: Bernardinho
Awards
MVP: André Nascimento
Best scorer: André Nascimento
Best spiker: Alessandro Fei
Best blocker: Ryan Millar
Best server: Abdalsalam Abdallah
Best setter: Ricardo Garcia
Best libero: Mirko Corsano
External links
Official website
FIVB Men's Volleyball World Grand Champions Cup
World Grand Champions Cup
FIVB Men's World Grand Champions cup
V
ja:2005年ワールドグランドチャンピオンズカップ#男子競技 |
17998538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deacon%20West%20Octagon%20House | Deacon West Octagon House | The Deacon West Octagon House, built in 1856 (1854) by Deacon Josiah West, is an historic eleven-room octagon house located at 370 High Street, in Pewaukee, Wisconsin, United States. The wooden sign posted in front of the house states, "Josiah West 1854 Octagon House." It is only one of 19 such structures in the state.
Deacon West was a blacksmith in Pewaukee. Octagon houses (and barns) were a brief fad started in the 1850s, claiming to use less building material and less fuel to heat than conventional rectangular floorplans. West built his house on top of the only hill in Pewaukee - three stories tall, with walls of grout - an early form of concrete - covered with plaster. The roof was low-pitched and hipped.
West sold the house to Ira Rowe in 1866, and around 1873 it was partially destroyed by fire, but its strong cement walls remained standing. In 1873 Col. N. P. Inglehart of Kentucky bought the house and rebuilt it more or less in its present form, with the Italianate-styled window frames and bracketed eaves, which were popular by the 1870s, but probably not the original 1850s ornamentation. The roof was crowned with a belvedere, allowing a better view of the lake, village, and the countryside, but it was destroyed in a windstorm in the early 1900s. The house passed through several owners until Margaret Ann Kirley sold the house to her son and current owner, Jeffrey D. Kirley in 1998.
It features stucco covered walls and a metal peak in lieu of a cupola.
On May 12, 1975, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
References
External links
Dale J. Travis: image of Deacon West House
Houses in Waukesha County, Wisconsin
Houses completed in 1856
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
Octagon houses in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Waukesha County, Wisconsin |
17998577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20W.%20Thornthwaite | C. W. Thornthwaite | Charles Warren Thornthwaite (March 7, 1899 – June 11, 1963) was an American geographer and climatologist. He is best known for devising the Thornthwaite climate classification, a climate classification system modified in 1948 that is still in use worldwide, and also for his detailed water budget computations of potential evapotranspiration.
He was Professor of Climatology at Johns Hopkins University, adjunct professor at Drexel University, President of the Commission for Climatology of the World Meteorological Organization, a recipient of the Outstanding Achievement Award of the Association of American Geographers, and the Cullum Geographical Medal from the American Geographical Society.
Early life
Thornthwaite was born near Pinconning, Michigan. His father was a farmer. He attended Central Michigan Normal School, graduating in 1922. He taught at high school for the next two years in Owosso, Michigan, during which time he took courses at the University of Michigan.
Career
In 1925, Thornthwaite moved to California and attended the University of California, Berkeley to complete a Ph.D under Carl Sauer. For five years he was employed part-time as a geographer for the Kentucky Geological Survey. In 1927, he moved to Oklahoma and became an assistant professor in the University of Oklahoma Department of Geography, serving there from 1927 to 1934. Each semester at the University of Oklahoma, he taught four or five courses and added new courses. He wrote his first published article about climate in 1929 while in Oklahoma: "The Polar Front and the Interpretation and Prediction of Oklahoma Weather". During his time in Oklahoma, Thornthwaite developed an interest in the climate of the Great Plains for the Geographical Review with the review being published in 1932.
In 1939, he received his Ph.D. in geography from the University of California, Berkeley; his thesis was on "Louisville, Kentucky: A Study in Urban Geography", a research project which used aerial photographs, field observation, data analysis and detailed mapping to describe the urban geography of Louisville. He moved away from geography to climatology, but recent scholarship suggests he was nonetheless ahead of his time in his thesis project and that many of the techniques he used would later be standard procedures. It is likely that Thornthwaite's thesis was about geography rather than climatology due to the influence of Carl Sauer.
At Central Michigan Normal School, Thornthwaite befriended John Leighly. Later, they both studied at Berkeley, with Leighly becoming his mentor. Leighly, a professor at UC Berkeley for 62 years, would write his obituary.
In 1931 Thornthwaite published “The Climates of North America: According to a New Classification”, which launched his career as a climatologist and married the science of climatology with that of geography. The article and the classification were inspired by the Köppen climate classification system. Thornthwaite learned about the Köppen while at UC Berkeley and while in Oklahoma he began to study the flaws of the classification. He then set out to create a new classification that could apply to North America. He stated in "The Climates of North America: According to a New Classification" that the effectiveness of temperature and precipitation were more important than crude measurements of temperature and precipitation. Effective temperature was the rate of plant growth resulting from temperature, and effective precipitation depended on both the amount of precipitation and the amount of water that evaporated. Thornthwaite created the P-E index to measure precipitation and evaporation, which he did from April to September in twenty-one stations in the United States. He also tried to create a T-E index to measure temperature effectiveness, an equation that gave the poleward limit of the tundra a T-E index of zero and the poleward limit of the tropical rainforest a T-E index of 128, with six temperature zones between the two limits. The T-E index was quite cumbersome and thus was not used often, but is still considered better than the previous index. Following the publication of "The Climates of North America: According to a New Classification", Thornthwaite was applying the classification on a worldwide level by collecting data from more than four thousand stations to create a world map. The map was more rational than the previous map created by Köppen but rather complicated and never popularized. In 1934, he left the University of Oklahoma to study internal migration within the United States at the University of Pennsylvania.
In 1935, he was appointed chief of the climatic and physiographic research division of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The division ceased to function in 1942, but he remained on staff of the USDA until 1946. Included in his output from this period was the USDA technical bulletin, written with Benjamin Holzman, Measurement of Evaporation from Land and Water Surfaces.
Leaving government in 1946, Thornthwaite opened the Laboratory of Climatology in Seabrook, New Jersey, which he operated until his death in 1963. The facility continued to operate under the management of John Russell Mather. One of his first papers would also be his most cited: "An Approach Toward a Rational Classification of Climate" (1948). This paper would be used by scientists across North America and around the world. It incorporates evapotranspiration, temperature and precipitation information and is widely used in studying animal species diversity and potential impacts of climate change.
Mather shared authorship with Thornthwaite in their 1955 monograph "The Water Balance", which was Thornthwaite's second major contribution to climatology, after Rational Classification. The water budget was a simple and easily used methodology for estimating water surpluses and runoff, and the difference between surpluses and runoff, to estimate the amount of water would recharge an aquifer.
Thornthwaite was a professor of climatology at Johns Hopkins University from 1947 to 1955.
Personal life
Thornthwaite married Denzil Slentz in 1925. They had three daughters. When his wife died in 1962, he established the Charles Warren and Denzil Slentz Thornthwaite Memorial Scholarship Fund in her memory. The fund awards annual merit scholarships to students in meteorology and earth science at Central Michigan University. Thornthwaite died of cancer on June 11, 1963 in Arlington County, Virginia.
References
Further reading
F. Kenneth Hare, “Obituary: Charles Warren Thornthwaite 1899-1963” Geographical Review, 53:595-597, 1963.
John Russell Mather and Marie Sanderson, The Genius of C.Warren Thornthwaite, Climatologist-Geographer, University of Oklahoma Press, 1996. (Synopsis)
External links
List of publications (UC Berkeley)
The Water Balance
C. W. Thornthwaite and F. Kenneth Hare, Climatic classification in forestry (Online)
American climatologists
1899 births
1963 deaths
Central Michigan University alumni
Recipients of the Cullum Geographical Medal
Johns Hopkins University faculty
20th-century American geographers |
17998587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Covell | Roger Covell | Roger David Covell AM FAHA (1 February 1931 – 4 June 2019) was an Australian musicologist, critic and author. He was Professor Emeritus in the School of the Arts and Media at the University of New South Wales, in Sydney, and continued until shortly before his death to contribute articles and reviews to The Sydney Morning Herald, where he served as principal music critic from 1960 until the late 1990s.
Biography
Published in 1967, Covell's monograph Australia's Music: Themes of a New Society was the first comprehensive study of the history, development and performance of Western art music in Australia, and is now regarded as a seminal text in Australian musicology. It has been widely referenced among succeeding generations of Australian composers, practitioners and critics of serious music, and by Australian cultural historians generally.
Covell died in Sydney on 4 June 2019.
Bibliography
Non-fiction
Australia's Music: Themes of a New Society (Sun Books, Melbourne, 1967)
Libretti
Morning-song for the Christ Child: for unaccompanied mixed chorus, with music by Peter Sculthorpe (Faber Music, c1966)
Sea chant: for unison voices and orchestra, with music by Peter Sculthorpe (Faber Music, c1968)
Autumn Song: for unaccompanied mixed chorus, with music by Peter Sculthorpe (Faber Music, c1972)
Edited
The Currency Lass, or, My Native Girl (a musical play in two acts) by Edward Geoghegan (Currency Press, c1976)
Awards and nominations
On Australia Day 1986, Covell was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in recognition of service to music. Seven years later he was awarded the Pascall Prize for Critical Writing, in recognition of his services to music criticism in Australia.
APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are held in Australia and New Zealand by the Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually.
!
|-
| 2006 || Roger Covell || Long-Term Contribution to the Advancement of Australian Music|| ||
|-
Bernard Heinze Memorial Award
The Sir Bernard Heinze Memorial Award is given to a person who has made an outstanding contribution to music in Australia.
!
|-
| 2012 || Roger Covell || Sir Bernard Heinze Memorial Award || ||
|-
References
1931 births
2019 deaths
APRA Award winners
Australian male dramatists and playwrights
Australian music critics
Australian music journalists
Australian musical theatre librettists
Classical music critics
Members of the Order of Australia
Academic staff of the University of New South Wales
20th-century Australian dramatists and playwrights |
17998611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20Ekstraklasa | 2008–09 Ekstraklasa | The 2008–09 Ekstraklasa was the 83rd season of the Polish Football Championship, the 75th season of the highest tier domestic division in the Polish football league system since its establishment in 1927 and the 1st season of the Ekstraklasa under its current title. The league is operated by the Ekstraklasa S.A.
The season was played as a round-robin tournament. It began on 8 August 2008 and concluded on 30 May 2009. The season was originally scheduled to start on 25 July 2008. However, the first two rounds of games were postponed because of legal uncertainties about the number of teams in the competition following an association-wide corruption scandal. Each team played a total of 30 matches, half at home and half away.
Wisła Kraków won the league for the second time in a row and for the 12th time in their history after defeating Śląsk Wrocław 2–0 in the final match of the season. Legia Warsaw finished as runners-up and qualified for the second qualifying round of 2009–10 UEFA Europa League. Lech Poznań finished third and qualified for the third qualifying round of the Europa League after winning the Polish Cup. Polonia Warsaw also managed to earn a spot in Europe by finishing fourth, thereby qualifying for the first qualifying round of the Europa League. Paweł Brożek of Wisła Kraków and Takesure Chinyama of Legia Warsaw finished as joint topscorers with 19 goals in the season.
On the bottom end of the table, relegation was once again subject to several non-competitive events. On competitive criteria, Górnik Zabrze and Cracovia would have been relegated to the I liga, while Arka Gdynia would have had to compete in the relegation play-offs. However, ŁKS Łódź were denied a license for the 2009–10 season and thus were automatically relegated. The club appealed the decision without any success. Since ŁKS city rivals Widzew were also denied of promoting from the First League and appealed this decision, thus creating uncertainties about the First League play-off participant, the Polish FA decided in June to postpone the relegation play-offs to an unknown date before eventually cancelling the matches completely. (see below).
Team changes from last season
Due to the corruption scandal several teams from last season have been punished with relegation. Those teams include Zagłębie Lubin, Korona Kielce and Zagłębie Sosnowiec. Lubin and Kielce were relegated to the First League while Sosnowiec were demoted an additional level to the Second League because they also finished the season in 16th and last place, a regular demotion spot. Widzew Łódź, who ended the season in 15th place, originally were going to be penalized as well. However, the club successfully appealed the decision in front of the Polish Olympic Committee, so they were assigned to the First League as a regularly demoted club.
Promotion to this year's Ekstraklasa was earned by I liga champions Lechia Gdańsk, runners-up Śląsk Wrocław, 3rd placed Piast Gliwice and 4th placed Arka Gdynia.
Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski has been sold to an owner of I liga's club Polonia Warsaw. The two clubs merged, with Grodzisk's players and Ekstraklasa license transferred to Polonia. The merger concluded a series of negotiations between Grodzisk and other clubs. The initially planned merger with Śląsk Wrocław was eventually denied by the latter after several months of discussions. Grodzisk chairman Zbigniew Drzymała then started conversations with Pogoń Szczecin, which were quickly stopped without an agreement as well, before eventually coming to an agreement with Polonia.
Team overview
Stadia and locations
*Stadiums are under redevelopment
Personnel and sponsoring
League table
Results
Season statistics
Scoring
First goal of the season: Hernán Rengifo (Lech Poznań) Match: 2-3 GKS Bełchatów, 47th minute (8 August 2008)
Last goal of the season: Grzegorz Niciński (Arka Gdynia) Match: 2-1 Odra Wodzisław, 79th minute (30 May 2009)
Fastest goal in a match: Arkadiusz Aleksander (Odra Wodzisław) Match: 2-0 Legia Warsaw, 1st minute (17 August 2008)
First hat-trick of the season: Filip Ivanovski (Polonia Warsaw) Match: 3-0 Śląsk Wrocław, 21', 24', 67'.(29 August 2008);
Fastest hat-trick of the season: Rafał Boguski (Wisła Kraków) Match: 3-1 Odra Wodzisław, 52', 62', 77', 25 minutes. (5 December 2008)
Most goals scored by a player in one game: Daniel Mąka (Polonia Warsaw) Match: 4-0 Polonia Bytom, 64', 87', 89', 3 goals.(13 September 2008);
Rafał Boguski (Wisła Kraków) Match: 3-1 Odra Wodzisław, 52', 62', 77', 3 goals. (5 December 2008)
Filip Ivanovski (Polonia Warsaw) Match: 3-0 Śląsk Wrocław, 21', 24', 67', 3 goals.(29 August 2008)
Marcin Komorowski (Polonia Bytom) Match: 4-1 Lechia Gdańsk, 9', 41', 69', 3 goals.(29 August 2008)
Widest winning margin: 8 teams tied Match: 4-0, 4 goals.
Most goals in a match: ŁKS Łódź Match: 4-3 Cracovia, 7 goals.(6 March 2009)
Team Records
Most wins: Wisła Kraków (19 wins)
Fewest wins: Cracovia, Arka Gdynia, Górnik Zabrze (7 wins)
Most draws: Śląsk Wrocław (12 draws)
Fewest draws: GKS Bełchatów (3 draws)
Fewest losses: Lech Poznań (3 losses)
Most losses: Lechia Gdańsk (16 losses)
Most goals scored:Wisła Kraków (53 goals)
Fewest goals scored: Piast Gliwice (17 goals)
Most goals conceded: Polonia Bytom (46 goals)
Fewest goals conceded: Legia Warsaw (17 goals)
Top goalscorers
Relegation play-offs
The relegation play-offs were cancelled after a series of appeals over the question in which division both ŁKS Łódź and First League 2008–09 champions Widzew Łódź will play in the 2009-10 season. Originally, Arka Gdynia as 14th-placed team (sports court decisions excluded) of the Ekstraklasa and Korona Kielce as 3rd-placed team of the First League were scheduled to play in a two-legged play-off for a spot in Ekstraklasa 2009–10. However, the Polish FA were forced to postpone the series to an unknown later date due to the appeals and, after the issues could not be settled in time, eventually decided not to hold any matches.
References
External links
Official site
Ekstraklasa seasons
Poland
1 |
17998617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957%20Ohio%20State%20Buckeyes%20football%20team | 1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team | The 1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was led by captains Galen Cisco and Leo Brown. They were the third national title team in Ohio State football history. They were coached by Hall of Fame coach Woody Hayes. The Buckeyes were awarded the title by the UPI Coaches Poll and represented the Big Ten Conference in the Rose Bowl.
The Buckeyes finished the 1956 season with a two shut-out losses to Iowa and Michigan. Going into the 1957 season fans had a feeling of rebuilding. The feeling was made stronger with an opening loss to unranked TCU. To make matters worse, Michigan State, Minnesota, Michigan and Iowa were all ranked in the Top 6 of the AP Poll Rankings while Ohio State would not be ranked until late October. Coach Hayes rallied the team every week and made them better following this loss.
The Buckeyes came back with a big win at Washington and victories over Illinois, Wisconsin and Purdue, along with crushing victories over Indiana and Northwestern. A shocking Purdue upset over #2 Michigan State, a tie between Michigan and Iowa, and Minnesota’s unraveling season after a loss to Illinois continued to help the Buckeyes.
It was a late star performance by sophomore fullback Bob White against unbeaten Iowa that pushed the team even further. Trailing 13–10 and on their own 32-yard line, White ran on six of the eight plays for 66 out of the 68 yards, capped off by a 5-yard touchdown run.
A victory over Michigan moved Ohio State up to #2 in the AP, behind undefeated Auburn. However, the UPI Coaches' poll voted OSU #1 and Auburn #2 as the Tigers were on probation.
In a hard fought Rose Bowl game, a late field goal by Don Sutherin in the fourth quarter sealed the victory over the Oregon Webfoots.
Following the season's bowls, the Buckeyes were voted No. 1 by the Football Writers Association of America and awarded the Grantland Rice Award representative of the national championship.
Schedule
Roster
Game summaries
TCU
At Washington
Illinois
Indiana
At Wisconsin
Northwestern
Purdue
Iowa
At Michigan
Ohio State played without halfback Don Clark, who was sidelined with a groin injury.
Vs. Oregon (Rose Bowl)
All-Americans
Aurealius Thomas, G
All-Big Ten
Aurealius Thomas, GLeo Brown, E
MVP
Bill Jobko, G
1958 NFL draftees
References
General
Ohio State
Ohio State Buckeyes football seasons
College football national champions
Big Ten Conference football champion seasons
Rose Bowl champion seasons
Ohio State Buckeyes football |
17998632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968%20NBA%20All-Star%20Game | 1968 NBA All-Star Game | The 1968 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game which was played at Madison Square Garden in New York City, January 23, 1968.
Coaches: East: Alex Hannum, West: Bill Sharman.
Officials: Mendy Rudolph and Don Murphy
MVP: Hal Greer
Attendance: 18,422
Teams
Western Division
Eastern Division
Score by periods
References
NBA All-Star Game
All-Star
NBA All-Star Game
NBA All-Star Game
Sports in Manhattan
Basketball competitions in New York City
1960s in Manhattan |
17998634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969%20NBA%20All-Star%20Game | 1969 NBA All-Star Game | The 1969 NBA All-Star Game was an exhibition basketball game which was played on January 14, 1969, at the Baltimore Civic Center in Baltimore.
Teams
Eastern Division
Western Division
Score by periods
References
NBA All-Star Game
All-Star
NBA All-Star Game
NBA All-Star Game
1960s in Baltimore |
17998640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily%20Couric | Emily Couric | Emily Couric (June 5, 1947 – October 18, 2001) was a Virginia Democratic state senator from Charlottesville.
Life and career
Couric was born to Elinor (Hene) Couric, a homemaker and part-time writer, and John Martin Couric, a public relations executive and news editor at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution and United Press International in Washington, D.C. Although her mother was Jewish, she converted to Presbyterianism, and Couric was raised in her father's Presbyterian faith, like her siblings. Couric's maternal grandparents, Bert Hene and Clara L. Froshin, were the children of Jewish immigrants from the German Empire, mostly in Germany at present. Couric was the sister of Clara Couric Batchelor, John M. Couric, Jr., and former CBS Evening News anchor Katie Couric. Before Couric was married to Dr. George A. Beller, she was married to attorney R. Clark Wadlow, with whom she had two children, oncologist Raymond C. Wadlow and filmmaker Jeff Wadlow.
Death
Couric died of pancreatic cancer in October 2001.
Legacy
Emily Couric Clinical Cancer Center at the University of Virginia Health System's hospital, pays tribute to Couric's efforts to obtain funds for cancer care and research in Virginia.
Couric's papers are held at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia.
References
1947 births
2001 deaths
American people of German-Jewish descent
Deaths from pancreatic cancer in Virginia
Democratic Party of Virginia chairs
Politicians from Atlanta
Politicians from Charlottesville, Virginia
Presbyterians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Presbyterians from Virginia
Smith College alumni
Democratic Party Virginia state senators
Women state legislators in Virginia
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century members of the Virginia General Assembly
21st-century members of the Virginia General Assembly
21st-century American women politicians |
17998668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telelove | Telelove | Telelove is the debut solo album by Suze DeMarchi, lead singer of Australian band the Baby Animals, released in March 1999.
Track listing
All tracks written by Suze DeMarchi, Dave Rankin and Eddie Parise unless otherwise noted.
"Karma" – 4:15
"Satellite" (Suze DeMarchi, Dave Rankin) – 4:22
"Open Windows" (DeMarchi, Nuno Bettencourt) – 4:36
"Mainline" (DeMarchi, Rankin) – 4:36
"Telelove" (DeMarchi, Bettencourt) – 4:39
"Psychic" – 5:24
"Down" – 3:09
"Colour of Love" (Bettencourt) – 5:23
"Fresh" – 4:48
"Trapped in Amber" – 3:46
"Submarine" (DeMarchi, Rankin, Bettencourt) – 5:22
Charts
Personnel
Jose Barros – Hammond
Nuno Bettencourt – acoustic guitar, guitar, mellotron, bass, vocals
Frank Celenza – drums
Dave Descenzo – drums
John DeChristopher – strings, cymbals, stick
Suze DeMarchi – guitar, vocals
Tony Italia – drums
Dave Leslie (Rankin) – guitar, vocals
Mike Levesque – drums
Bill O'Meara – strings, cymbals, stick
Eddie Parise – bass, vocals
Anthony J. Resta – programming, sampler, synthesizers
Jake Shapiro – cello
Oksana Solovieva – violin
References
1999 debut albums
Suze DeMarchi albums
Mushroom Records albums |
17998683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous%20peoples%20in%20Argentina | Indigenous peoples in Argentina | Native Argentines (), also known as Indigenous Argentines (), are Argentines who have predominant or total ancestry from one of the 39 groups of indigenous peoples officially recognized by the national government. As of the , some 1,306,730 Argentines (2.83% of the country's population) self-identify as indigenous or first-generation descendants of indigenous peoples.
The most populous indigenous groups were the Aonikenk, Kolla, Qom, Wichí, Diaguita, Mocoví, Huarpes, Mapuche and Guarani. Many Argentines also identify as having at least one indigenous ancestor; a genetic study conducted by the University of Buenos Aires in 2011 showed that more than 56% of the 320 Argentines sampled were shown to have at least one indigenous ancestor in one parental lineage and around 11% had indigenous ancestors in both parental lineages.
The Jujuy Province, in the Argentine Northwest, is home to the highest percentage of indigenous people with 10.07%, followed by Salta with 9.96% and Chubut with 7.92%.
History
Pre-Columbian history
The earliest known evidence of indigenous peoples in Argentina is dated 11,000 BC and was discovered in what is now known as the Piedra Museo archaeological site in Santa Cruz Province. The Cueva de las Manos, also in Santa Cruz, is over 10,000 years old. Both are among the oldest evidence of indigenous culture in the Americas, and have, with a number of similarly ancient sites on other parts of the southern hemisphere, challenged the "Clovis First" hypothesis on the settlement of the Americas (the assumption, based on lacking evidence to the contrary, that the Clovis culture was the first in the Western Hemisphere).
Indigenous peoples after European invasion
By the year 1500, many different indigenous communities lived in what is now modern Argentina. They were not a unified group but many independent ones, with distinct languages, societies, and relations with each other. As a result, they did not face the arrival of the Spanish colonization as a single block and had varied reactions toward the Europeans. The Spanish people looked down on the indigenous population, considering them inferior to themselves. For this reason, they kept very little historical information about them.
In the 19th century major population movements altered the original Patagonian demography. Between 1820 and 1850 the original Aonikenk people were conquered and expelled from their territories by invading Mapuche (that called them Tehuelches) armies. By 1870 most of northern Patagonia and the south east Pampas were Araucanized.
During the Generation of 1880, European immigration was strongly encouraged as a way of occupying an empty territory, configuring the national population and, through their colonizing effort, gradually incorporating the nation into the world market. These changes were perhaps best summarized by the anthropological metaphor which states that “Argentines descend from ships.” The strength of the immigration and its contribution to the Argentine ethnography is evident by observing that Argentina became the country in the world that received the second highest number of immigrants, with 6.6 million, second only to the United States with 27 million, and ahead of countries such as Canada, Brazil, Australia, etc.
The expansion of European immigrant communities and the railways westward into the Pampas and south into Patagonia was met with Malón raids by displaced tribes. This led to the Conquest of the Desert in the 1870s, which resulted in over 1,300 indigenous dead. Indigenous cultures in Argentina were consequently affected by a process of invisibilization, promoted by the government during the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th.
The extensive explorations, research and writing by Juan Bautista Ambrosetti and other ethnographers during the 20th century, which followed earlier pioneer studies by anthropologists such as Robert Lehmann-Nitsche, encouraged wider interest in indigenous people in Argentina, and their contributions to the nation's culture were further underscored during the administration of President Juan Perón in the 1940s and 1950s as part of the rustic criollo culture and values exalted by Perón during that era. Discriminatory policies toward these people and other minorities officially ended, moreover, with the August 3, 1988, enactment of the Antidiscrimination Law (Law 23.592) by President Raúl Alfonsín, and were countered further with the establishment of a government bureau, the National Institute Against Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Racism (INADI), in 1995. Corrientes Province, in 2004, became the first in the nation to award an indigenous language (Guaraní) with co-official status, and all 35 native peoples were recognized by both the 2004 Indigenous Peoples Census and by their inclusion as self-descriptive categories in the 2010 census; indigenous communities and Afro-Argentines thus became the only groups accorded any recognition as ethnic categories by the 2010 census.
Demographics
Indigenous communities today
As of the , some 955,032 Argentines (2.38% of the country's population) self-identify as indigenous or first-generation descendants of indigenous peoples.
The first government-led effort to produce accurate statistical data on the country's indigenous peoples was the 2001 national census, which included a question on self-identification with indigenous nations. A more in-depth statistical survey came in 2004, with the Complimentary Survey on Indigenous Populations carried out by the National Institute for Indigenous Affairs (INAI). The 2004 survey which accounted for 600,329 people who see themselves as descending from or belonging to indigenous people. Indigenous organisations have questioned the factual accuracy of the 2004 survey: First, the methodology used in the survey was considered inadequate, as a large number of indigenous people live in urban areas where the survey was not fully conducted. Second, many indigenous people in the country hide their identity for fear of discrimination. Moreover, when the survey was designed in 2001, it was based on the existence of 18 known peoples in the country, opposed to the more than 31 groups recognized by the INAI today. This increase reflects a growing awareness amongst indigenous people in terms of their ethnic belonging.
As many Argentines either believe that the majority of the indigenous have died out or are on the verge of doing so, or 'their descendants' assimilated into Western civilisation many years ago, they wrongly hold the idea that there are no indigenous people in their country. The use of pejorative terms likening the indigenous to lazy, idle, dirty, ignorant and savage are part of the everyday language in Argentina. Due to these incorrect stereotypes many indigenous have over the years been forced to hide their identity in order to avoid being subjected to racial discrimination.
As of 2011 many natives were still being denied land and human rights. Many of the Qom native community had been struggling to protect the land they claim as ancestral territory and even the lives of its members. Qom community leader Félix Díaz claimed that his people were being denied medical assistance, did not have access to drinking water, and were subject to arbitrary rises on food prices by non-indigenous businesses. He also claimed the local justice system refused to hear the local community's complaints.
The INAI, which reports to the Argentine Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, is tasked with overseeing the government's indigenous policy and maintaining track of Argentina's indigenous communities and their rights to their ancestral lands. As of 2018, the INAI kept register of 1,653 communities, of which 1,456 held legal ownership over various territories.
Genetic contribution in Argentine society
In addition to the indigenous population in Argentina, most Argentines are descendants of indigenous peoples or have some indigenous ancestry. Many genetic studies have shown that Argentina's genetic footprint is primarily, but not overwhelmingly, European. In a genetic study involving 441 Argentines from across the North East, North West, Southern, and Central provinces (especially the urban conglomeration of Buenos Aires) of the country, it was observed that 65% of the Argentine population was of European descent, followed by 31% of indigenous descent, and 4% of African descent.
The same study also found there were great differences in the ancestry amongst Argentines as one traveled across the country. For example, the population in the North West provinces of Argentina (including the province of Salta) were on average of 66% indigenous, 33% European, and 1% of African ancestry. The European immigration to this North West part of the country was limited and the original indigenous population largely thrived after their initial decline owing to the introduction of European diseases and colonization. Similarly, the study also showed that the population in the North Eastern provinces of Argentina (for example, Misiones, Chaco, Corrientes, and Formosa) were on average 43% of indigenous, 54% European, and 3% of African ancestry. The population of the Southern provinces of Argentina, such as Río Negro and Neuquén, were on average 40% of indigenous, 54% European, and 6% of African ancestry. Finally, only in areas of massive historical European immigration in Argentina, namely the Central provinces (Buenos Aires and the surrounding urban areas), Argentines were of overwhelmingly European ancestry, with the average person having 17% indigenous, 76% European, and 7% of African ancestry.
In another study, that was titled the Regional pattern of genetic admixture in South America, the researchers included results from the genetic study of several hundreds of Argentines from all across the country. The study indicated that Argentines were as a whole made up of 38% indogenous, 58.9% of European, and 3.1% of African ancestry. Again, there were huge difference in the genetic ancestry from across the various regions of the country. For example, Argentines who hailed from Patagonia were 45% indigenous and 55% of European ancestry. The population in the North West part of the country were made up of 69% of indigenous, 23% of European, and 8% of African ancestry. The population in the Gran Chaco part of the country were 38% of indigenous, 53% of European, and 9% of African ancestry. The population in the Mesopotamian part of the country were 31% of indigenous, 63% of European, and 6.4% of African ancestry. Finally, the population in the Pampa region of the country were 22% of indigenous, 68% of European, and 10% of African ancestry.
Finally, in another study published in 2005 involving the North Western provinces of the country, the genetic structure of 1293 individuals from Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Catamarca and La Rioja was analysed. This study showed that the Spanish contribution (50%) predominated in Argentina's North West, followed by the Amerindian (40%) and African (10%) contributions. According to this study, Argentines from Jujuy were 53% indigenous, 47% European, and 0.1% African ancestry. Argentines from Salta were 41% of indigenous, 56% of European, and 3.1% of African ancestry. Those from Catamarca were 37% of indigenous, 53% of European, and 10% of African ancestry. Those from La Rioja were on average 31% indigenous, 50% European, and 19% African ancestry. The inhabitants of Santiago del Estero were on average 30% indigenous, 46% European, and 24% African ancestry. The inhabitants of Tucumán were on average 24% indigenous, 67% European, and 9% African ancestry.
Indigenous groups by population
According to the 2010 census there are the following indigenous groups:
According to the 2022 census there are the following indigenous groups:
Indigenous groups by region
Northeast
This region includes the provinces of Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe, and parts of Santiago del Estero Province.
Charrúa
Lule
Mbya-Guaraní
Mocoví
Pilagá
Toba
Tonocoté
Vilela
Wichí
Guaycuru
Northwest
This region includes the provinces of Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Juan, parts of Santiago del Estero Province, and Tucumán.
Atacama
Avá-Guaraní
Chané
Chorote
Chulupí
Diaguita
Chicoana
Kolla
Ocloya
Omaguaca
Tapiete
Toba
Wichí
Central
This region includes the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, La Pampa, Mendoza, and San Luis.
Avá Guaraní
Comechingon
Diaguita
Huarpe
Kolla
Querandí
Rankulche
South
This region includes the provinces of Chubut, Neuquén, Río Negro, Santa Cruz, and Tierra del Fuego.
Haush (Manek'enk)
Kawésqar (Alacaluf)
Mapuche/Pehuenche
Puelche (Gününa küna)
Selk'nam (Ona)
Tehuelche (Aónikenk)
Teushen
Yahgan (Yámana)
See also
Indigenous peoples of South America
Araucanization of Patagonia
Bolivian Argentines
Languages of Argentina
Argentine people
Abipón people
Amaicha
Calchaquí
Capayán
Poya people
Guaraní people
Selk'nam genocide
Notes
References
External links
About Argentina: Indigenous Population , Argentine government website
Colonial Argentina
Indigenous peoples of the Gran Chaco |
17998699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westlife%3A%20Our%20Story | Westlife: Our Story | Westlife – Our Story is the autobiographical book by the Irish boyband Westlife, released by HarperCollins (United Kingdom) on 16 June 2008. The book tells the story of their lives for the past ten years, from how it started in Sligo to today's multi-platinum record charters, along with private pictures of the members, exclusively to the book.
Westlife launched this book by doing signings around the United Kingdom and Ireland. They also released a German version of the book in December 2008, and an Australian version on 8 January 2009.
They released a paperback version of the book with different cover on 28 May 2009. It includes their say regarding their Croke Park gig and an additional audio CD with greetings from each one of them. The book was said to be written by each group member for three months.
It went to #1 in UK and Irish Charts and tagged as The Sunday Times' Number One Bestseller.
References
2008 non-fiction books
HarperCollins books
Irish autobiographies
Music autobiographies |
17998711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mall%20St.%20Vincent | Mall St. Vincent | Mall St. Vincent is an enclosed shopping mall located off Interstate 49 at 1133 St. Vincent Avenue in Shreveport, Louisiana, United States. It opened in February 1977 on the 100-acre site of the original St. Vincent's Academy, a Catholic girls' school built by the Daughters of the Cross, from which it gets its name. The mall's main anchor store is Dillard's. The Sears anchor store closed in 2018.
In 2014, the city government voted for a tax-payer funded proposal of $16.5 million US into Mall St Vincent, but the long-term fate of the retail mall remains in doubt. An outdoor fountain included in the remodeling project was by 2017 crumbling and without water, with plants surrounding the structure having died. In 2017, Grimaldi's Pizzeria and Gymboree closed their Mall St. Vincent operations; a local news article noted that online shopping and changing consumer habits have affected shopping malls; with as many as one in four closing within the next five years. On June 6, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing in September 2018. After declaring bankruptcy, New York & Co. closed all stores including its Mall St. Vincent storefront in 2020, while Auntie Anne's closed its doors in 2021.
References
External links
Official site
Shopping malls in Louisiana
Buildings and structures in Shreveport, Louisiana
Shopping malls established in 1977
1977 establishments in Louisiana
Kohan Retail Investment Group |
17998754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20United%20States%20elections | 2003 United States elections | The 2003 United States elections, most of which were held on Tuesday, November 4, were off-year elections in which no members of the Congress were standing for election. However, there were three gubernatorial races, state legislative elections in four states, numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races in several major cities, and a variety of local offices on the ballot.
The most high-profile race during this year was the California gubernatorial recall election: California voters replaced incumbent Governor Gray Davis with actor Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Federal elections
U.S. House of Representatives special elections
In 2003, two special elections to fill vacancies in the House of Representatives were held. They were for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district (on January 4) and Texas's 19th congressional district (June 3). None of these congressional seats changed party hands.
State elections
Gubernatorial elections
Three states held elections for Governor in 2003. In addition to these regularly scheduled elections, California held a recall election. California held a recall election on October 7. Kentucky and Mississippi voted on November 4. Louisiana's election dates do not coincide with that of most states: Louisiana held its open primary on October 4, with a runoff on November 15.
Going into the elections, Republicans held the governorships of twenty-six states and Democrats held twenty-four. Republicans achieved a net gain of two with victories in Kentucky and Mississippi as well as the successful recall and replacement of Californian Governor Gray Davis with actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, but Democrats succeeded capturing Louisiana's Governorship. Thus, Republicans succeeded in reversing a trend in which Republicans had been losing gubernatorial seats to the Democrats since 1998.
Other statewide elections
In the three states which held regularly scheduled state general elections, elections for state executive branch offices of Lieutenant Governor (in a separate election in Louisiana and Mississippi and on the same ticket as the gubernatorial nominee in Kentucky), Secretary of state, state Treasurer, state Auditor, state Attorney General, and Commissioners of Insurance and Agriculture will be held. In addition, there will also be elections for each states' respective state Supreme Courts and state appellate courts.
State legislative elections
Four states and one territory held elections for their state legislatures. Partisan change only occurred in one chamber, as Democrats won control of the New Jersey Senate, which was previously tied. However, Democrats did maintain control of the Mississippi Legislature, the Louisiana Legislature, and the New Jersey General Assembly. Republicans maintained control of the Virginia legislature, bringing a post-Civil War low for the Democratic Party. The Covenant Party led by Benigno Fitial won control of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives, but the Northern Mariana Islands Senate would remain in Republican control.
Local elections
Mayoral elections
Some of the many major American cities that held their mayoral elections in 2003 included:
Charlotte- Incumbent Mayor Pat McCrory (R) was re-elected.
Chicago- Incumbent Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) was re-elected. Chicago was the most populous city to hold a mayoral election in 2003.
Houston- Former United States Deputy Secretary of Energy Bill White (D) defeated Former Councilman Orlando Sanchez in an open seat election to succeed term-limited Mayor Lee P. Brown.
Jacksonville- Former Chairman of the Jacksonville Transportation Authority John Peyton (R) was elected Mayor of Jacksonville in 2003.
Philadelphia- Incumbent Mayor John F. Street (D) defeated CEO of Greater Philadelphia First Sam Katz (R) to win re-election.
Raleigh- Incumbent Mayor Charles Meeker (D) was re-elected.
San Francisco- San Francisco Board of Supervisors member Gavin Newsom (D) won an open seat election to succeed term-limited Mayor Willie Brown (D).
References
General
2003
November 2003 events in the United States |
17998769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20John%20McCain%202008%20presidential%20campaign%20staff%20members | List of John McCain 2008 presidential campaign staff members | John McCain was the Republican Party candidate for President of the United States in 2008. Rick Davis, his campaign manager, projected at one point that his staff would eventually increase to about 450. By early July 2008, it had opened 11 regional offices in key states and some 84 offices total across the country in a joint effort with the Republican National Committee.
National leadership team
Persons listed on the John McCain for President website:
Former Secretary of Commerce Robert Mosbacher – Chairman
Frederic V. Malek – Finance Director
Jill Hazelbaker – Spokeswoman
Inner circle
According to New York Times reporter John M. Broder:
Steve Schmidt, head of campaign from July 2, 2008, veteran campaign manager
Rick Davis, ran McCain's 2000 campaign
Bill McInturff, chief pollster
Mark Salter, McCain's Senate chief of staff
John Weaver, chief political analyst (left campaign in 2007)
Trevor Potter, chief counsel
Others joining later or listed in other sources include:
Charles R. Black, Jr., senior political adviser
Carly Fiorina, former CEO of Hewlett Packard
The Bush team
Wayne L. Berman, lobbyist and Bush fund-raiser
Mark McKinnon, Bush's media consultant
Terry Nelson, Bush's political director 2004 campaign
Gerald L. Parsky, California chairman, Bush's 2000 and 2004 campaigns
Nicolle Wallace, née Nicolle Devenish, White House communications director
Ron Weiser, Ambassador to Slovakia and Bush fund-raiser
Policy advisers
Dan L. Crippen, director, Congressional Budget Office 1999–2003
Douglas Holtz-Eakin, director, Congressional Budget Office 2003–2005
Kevin Hassett, economist, American Enterprise Institute
Lisa Graham Keegan, Arizona education official
John Thain, CEO, Merrill Lynch
Foreign policy advisers
In October 2007, the Washington Post listed the following as McCain's foreign policy advisers.
Randy Scheunemann, national security aide to then-Senate Majority Leaders Bob Dole and Trent Lott and now a lobbyist, defense and foreign policy coordinator (for this cycle and 2000)"
Richard L. Armitage, "President George W. Bush's deputy secretary of state and an international business consultant and lobbyist, informal foreign policy adviser"; [24] deputy to former secretary of state Colin Powell
Bernard Aronson, former Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American affairs; currently managing partner of private equity investment company ACON Investments
William L. Ball III, Secretary of the Navy during President Reagan's administration, and managing director of lobbying firm the Loeffler Group
Stephen E. Biegun, Aspen Strategy Group, Council on Foreign Relations, Council of the Americas, former national security aide to then-Sen. Bill Frist, currently VP international affairs, Ford Motors
Steven Bogden, speechwriter
Max Boot, Council on Foreign Relations, former Wall Street Journal editor
Brig. Gen. Tom Bruner
Lorne W. Craner
Lawrence Eagleburger, Secretary of State under George H. W. Bush, now a senior public policy adviser with law firm Baker Donelson
Brig. Gen. Russ Eggers
Maj. Gen. Merrill Evans
Niall Ferguson, Harvard historian and Hoover Institution senior fellow
Michael J. Green, former Asia adviser to President George W. Bush and now Japan chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies
Gen. Alexander M. Haig, Jr., Secretary of State under Reagan
Maj. Gen. Evan "Curly" Hultman
Robert Kagan, senior associate with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Brig. Gen. Robert Michael Kimmitt, current deputy Treasury secretary
Henry A. Kissinger, Secretary of State under Richard Nixon
Col. Andrew F. Krepinevich, President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments
William Kristol, editor, The Weekly Standard
Adm. Charles Larson
Robert McFarlane, National Security Adviser under Ronald Reagan
Brig. Gen. Warren "Bud" Nelson
Brig. Gen. Eddie Newman
Maj. Gen. John Peppers
Maj. Ralph Peters
Brig. Gen. Maurice Phillips
Gen. Colin Powell, Secretary of State (2001–2005)
Kori Schake Research fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution
James R. Schlesinger, "President Nixon and President Ford's secretary of defense, energy and national security adviser"[24]
Gary Schmitt, former staff director of the Senate Intelligence Committee, currently American Enterprise Institute scholar
Lt. Gen. Brent Scowcroft, National Security Adviser to Presidents Ford and George H. W. Bush and founder of business consultancy the Scowcroft Group
George P. Shultz, Secretary of State under Ronald Reagan
Brig. Gen. W.L. "Bill" Wallace
Maj. Gen. Gary Wattnem
R. James Woolsey, former CIA director, now a VP at Booz Allen Hamilton
Other advisers:
Lisa Curtis
Economic policy advisers
From a July 12, 2007 press release:
Grant Aldonas — Managing Director for Split Rock International; former Undersecretary for International Trade at the U.S. Department of Commerce
Carlos Bonilla — Senior Vice President for The Washington Group; former Special Assistant To President George W. Bush; a lobbyist
Jeff Brown — Associate Professor of Finance at the College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Juan Buttari — Independent consultant and researcher In development economics
Kathleen Bell Cooper — Dean, College of Business, University of North Texas
Steve Davis — CRA International and University of Chicago Graduate School of Business
Richard Dekaser — Senior VP and Chief Economist, National City Corporation
John Diamond — Edward A. and Hermena Hancock Kelly Fellow in Tax Policy, Baker Institute of Public Policy, Rice University
Emil Frankel — Transportation Consultant and Former Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy, Department of Transportation
Luke Froeb — Professor, Vanderbilt University
Kevin Hassett — Resident Scholar and Director of Economic Policy Studies, American Enterprise Institute (AEI)
Greg Jenner — former Executive Vice President, American Council of Life Insurers and Acting Assistant Secretary (Tax Policy), U.S. Treasury Department
David John — Senior Research Fellow, The Heritage Foundation
Tim Kane — Director, Center for International Trade and Economics, The Heritage Foundation
Melissa Kearney — Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Maryland, College Park
Anne Krueger — Professor at The Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and Former First Deputy Managing Director at the International Monetary Fund
Adam Lerrick — Visiting Scholar for the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and Friends of Allan H. Meltzer Professor of Economics for Carnegie Mellon
Phil Levy — Resident Scholar for the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and Former Senior Economist for Trade on the President's Council of Economic Advisers
Will Melick — Gensemer Associate Professor of Economics, Kenyon College
Michael Owen Moore — Professor of Economics and International Affairs, George Washington University
Thomas P. Miller — Resident Fellow for American Enterprise Institute (AEI)
Tim Muris — Foundation Professor, George Mason University School of Law
Gerry Parsky — Senior Economic Adviser
Nancy Pfotenhauer — Former President, Independent Women's Forum
James Rill — Partner, Howrey LLP and Former Assistant Attorney General (Antitrust), U.S. Department of Justice
Kenneth Rogoff — Professor of Public Policy, Harvard University
Harvey S. Rosen — Professor of Economics and Business Policy, Princeton University
John Silvia — Managing Director, Chief Economist, Wachovia Bank
Acquiles Suarez — Vice President for Government Affairs for National Association of Industrial and Office Properties and former Special Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy
John Taylor — Professor of Economics at Stanford, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and Former Under Secretary of Treasury
Anthony Villamil Chief Executive Officer, The Washington Economics Group and Former Under Secretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs
Joseph Wright — Chairman of the Board of Intelsat
Mark Zandi — Chief Economist for Moody's Analytics (formerly known as Moody's Economy.Com)
James Rill — Antitrust attorney at Howrey LLP; Former Assistant Attorney General in charge of the U.S. Department of Justice's Antitrust Division
Sean O'Keefe — former Secretary of the Navy, NASA Administrator, and Deputy Director of Office of Management and Budget, The White House
Matthew Lockwood — Director of Contributions Processed
National Campaign co-chairs
John Chambers, California
Gov. Jon Huntsman, Utah
Gov. Tim Pawlenty, Minnesota
Former Gov. Tom Ridge, Pennsylvania
Former Senator Warren Rudman, New Hampshire
Frederick W. Smith, Tennessee
Charlie Condon, South Carolina
National Finance Committee co-chairs
Former Rep. George Argyros, California
Michael Ashner, New York
Brian Ballard, Florida (lobbyist)
Lawrence E. Bathgate II, New Jersey
Wayne Berman, Washington, D.C.
Donald L. Bren, California
John Chambers, California
James A. Courter, New Jersey
Donald R. Diamond, Arizona
Ray Dalio, Connecticut
Lewis M. Eisenberg, New Jersey
Jon Hammes, Wisconsin
James B. Lee, Jr., New York
John A. Moran, Florida
Carter Pate, Virginia
A. Jerrold Perenchio, California
Fred Smith, Tennessee
J. Gary Shansby, California
John Thain of Merrill Lynch; New York
Ronald Weiser, Michigan
Former members
Senator Phil Gramm – General Co-chair, resigned July 18 after remarks calling Americans "whiners"
Robert Zoellick
Tom Loeffler
Susan E. Nelson, "continued to collect payments from [the Loeffler Group] this year while she was on the McCain-campaign payroll as its fund-raising coordinator" The Loeffler Group is a lobbying firm that has "received $990,000 in lobbying fees and another $3,000 in expenses from the Saudi government".
Mark McKinnon, citing a pledge not to work against an Obama candidacy.
Doug Davenport and Doug Goodyear of the DCI Group resigned on May 10, 2008, after revelation of DCI's ties to the military junta in Myanmar. Davenport, the regional campaign manager for the mid-Atlantic states, founded the DCI Group's lobbying practice and oversaw the contract with Myanmar in 2002. Goodyear was asked to become convention CEO after campaign manager Rick Davis's lobbying firm partner, Paul Manafort, was nixed because of his own close ties to foreign governments and controversial companies
Carlos Bonilla, economic policy adviser. Left in May 2008 after the campaign imposed new rules restricting the involvement of lobbyists.
Michael P. Dennehy, national political director and founder of the political consulting and lobbying firm The Dennehy Group. Left in May 2007 explaining that his family obligations conflicted with his arduous, 24/7 political job in Washington, D.C.
See also
List of Barack Obama presidential campaign staff members, 2008
References
2008-related lists
Staff members
Lists of presidential campaign staff members
McCain, John presidential campaign staff members
Lists of United States presidential candidate endorsements |
17998771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V66 | V66 | V66 may refer to
Vanadium-66, an isotope of vanadium
Vought V-66, an American observation biplane
WVJV-TV, a former music television station in Boston, Massachusetts |
17998801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHRV-FM | XHRV-FM | XHRV-FM is a radio station on 89.5 MHz in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
History
XHRV's concession history begins in San Fernando, Tamaulipas. On November 23, 1994, Libertas received the concession for XHSAF-FM 100.9. XHSAF became XHRV-FM on April 27, 1998 (a later XHSAF-FM on the same frequency in the same town was awarded just months later for the Radio Tamaulipas state network).
In 2006, XHRV conducted a move into the Río Grande Valley by soliciting a move to Valle Hermoso.
Between 2012 and 2020, the station aired the Exa FM pop format from MVS Radio.
References
External links
Radio stations in Matamoros, Tamaulipas
Spanish-language radio stations |
17998853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevators%20%28drilling%20rig%29 | Elevators (drilling rig) | Elevators, as developed for the drilling industry, are a hinged device with handles that are used to wrap around the tool joint of drill pipe, casing or lift nipples (for collars) to facilitate the lifting or lowering of them singly or of the drill string as a whole.
In practical use elevators are highly stressed components and require regular careful inspection. In practice, sets of elevators and a spare duplicate are required on-site for general operations. Their failure almost always stops operations.
To latch around a piece of pipework a set of elevators need a precise internal diameter, with an appropriately profiled shoulder to accommodate the lower profile of a tool joint. The latch mechanism has to prevent opening under radial loads of up to hundreds of tons. For some purposes (casing elevators, and loading pipe into and out of the derrick), the elevators also need to resist cross-axial loads of the weight of the pipe joints.
Oilfield terminology
Drilling technology |
17998857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20coli%20long-term%20evolution%20experiment | E. coli long-term evolution experiment | The E. coli long-term evolution experiment (LTEE''') is an ongoing study in experimental evolution begun by Richard Lenski at the University of California, Irvine, carried on by Lenski and colleagues at Michigan State University, and currently overseen by Jeffrey Barrick at the University of Texas at Austin. It has been tracking genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of asexual Escherichia coli bacteria since 24 February 1988. Lenski performed the 10,000th transfer of the experiment on March 13, 2017. The populations reached over 73,000 generations in early 2020, shortly before being frozen because of the COVID-19 pandemic. In September 2020, the LTEE experiment was resumed using the frozen stocks. When the populations reached 75,000 generations, the LTEE was transferred from the Lenski lab to the Barrick lab. In August 2024, the LTEE populations passed 80,000 generations in the Barrick lab.
Over the course of the experiment, Lenski and his colleagues have reported a wide array of phenotypic and genotypic changes in the evolving populations. These have included changes that have occurred in all 12 populations and others that have only appeared in one or a few populations. For example, all 12 populations showed a similar pattern of rapid improvement in fitness that decelerated over time, faster growth rates, and increased cell size. Half of the populations have evolved defects in DNA repair that have caused mutator phenotypes marked by elevated mutation rates. The most notable adaptation reported so far is the evolution of aerobic growth on citrate, which is unusual in E. coli, in one population at some point between generations 31,000 and 31,500. However, E. coli usually does grow on citrate in anaerobic conditions and has an active citric acid cycle which can metabolize citrate even under aerobic conditions. The aerobic event is mainly an issue of citrate being able to enter the cell.
On May 4, 2020, Lenski announced a five-year renewal of the grant through the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) Program that supports the LTEE. He also announced that Dr. Jeffrey Barrick, an associate professor of Molecular Biosciences at The University of Texas at Austin, would take over supervision of the experiment within the five-year funding period. The experiment's time at Michigan State University ended in May 2022, when the populations reached 75,000 generations but the experiment was revived and restarted in Barrick's lab on June 21, 2022.
Experimental approach
The long-term evolution experiment was designed as an open-ended means of empirical examination of central features of evolution. The experiment was begun with three principal goals:
To examine the dynamics of evolution, including the rate of evolutionary change.
To examine the repeatability of evolution.
To better understand the relationship between change on the phenotypic and genotypic levels.
As the experiment has continued, its scope has grown as new questions in evolutionary biology have arisen that it can be used to address, as the populations' evolution has presented new phenomena to study, and as technology and methodological techniques have advanced.
The use of E. coli as the experimental organism has allowed many generations and large populations to be studied in a relatively short period of time. Moreover, due to the long use of E. coli as a principal model organism in molecular biology, a wide array of tools, protocols, and procedures were available for studying changes at the genetic, phenotypic, and physiological levels. The bacteria can also be frozen and preserved while remaining viable. This has permitted the creation of what Lenski describes as a "frozen fossil record" of samples of evolving populations that can be revived at any time. This frozen fossil record allows populations to be restarted in cases of contamination or other disruption in the experiment, and permits the isolation and comparison of living exemplars of ancestral and evolved clones. Lenski chose an E. coli strain that reproduces only asexually, lacks any plasmids that could permit bacterial conjugation, and has no viable prophage. As a consequence, evolution in the experiment occurs only by the core evolutionary processes of mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection. This strict asexuality also means that genetic markers persist in lineages and clades by common descent, but cannot otherwise spread in the populations.
Lenski chose to carry out the experiment with the bacteria grown in a glucose-limited medium called DM25, which is based on a minimal medium developed by Bernard Davis for use in isolating auxotrophic mutants of E. coli using penicillin as a selective agent. To make DM25, the minimal medium is supplemented with a low concentration (25 mg/L) of glucose. Lenski chose this concentration to simplify analysis of the populations' evolution by reducing clonal interference, in which multiple versions of alleles are competing in an evolving population, while also reducing the possibility of the evolution of ecological interactions. This concentration of glucose used supports a maximum population of 500 million cells of the ancestor in a 10 mL culture, though the maximum now varies among the evolved populations. DM25 also contains a large amount of citrate (about 11 times the concentration of glucose), which was originally included by Davis because it improved the killing efficiency of penicillin during his experiments, though it is now known to aid in E. colis acquisition of iron from the medium.
Methods
The 12 populations are maintained in a incubator in Lenski's laboratory at Michigan State University. Each day, 1% of each population is transferred to a flask of fresh DM25 growth medium. The dilution means that each population experiences 6.64 generations, or doublings, each day. Large, representative samples of each population are frozen with glycerol as a cryoprotectant at 500-generation (75-day) intervals. The bacteria in these samples remain viable, and can be revived at any time. This collection of samples is referred to as the "frozen fossil record", and provides a history of the evolution of each population through the entire experiment. The populations are also regularly screened for changes in mean fitness, and supplemental experiments are regularly performed to study interesting developments in the populations. , the E. coli populations have been under study for over 64,500 generations, and are thought to have undergone enough spontaneous mutations that every possible single point mutation in the E. coli genome has occurred multiple times.
Founding strain
The strain of E. coli Lenski chose to use in the long-term evolution experiment was derived from "strain B", as described in a 1966 paper by Seymour Lederberg (which incorrectly identified the strain as "Bc251", although later genetic analysis found it to be "B" instead), via Bruce Levin, who had used it in a bacterial ecology experiment in 1972. The defining genetic traits of this strain were: T6r, Strr, r−m−, Ara− (unable to grow on arabinose). Lenski designated the original founding strain as REL606. Before the beginning of the experiment, Lenski isolated an Ara+ variant of the strain in which a point mutation in the ara operon had restored growth on arabinose, which he designated as strain REL607. When beginning the long-term evolution experiment, Lenski founded six populations with six individual Ara− colonies of REL606. These populations are referred to as Ara-1 through Ara-6. Lenski also founded six more populations from six individual Ara+ colonies of REL607. These are referred to as populations Ara+1 through Ara+6. The marker differences permit strains to be differentiated on Tetrazolium Arabinose plates, on which Ara− colonies appear red, while Ara+ colonies appear white to pink. Over the course of the experiment, each population has accumulated a large number of distinct mutations, which permit further means of identifying strains by their population of origin.
Results
Changes in fitness
Much analysis of the experiment has dealt with how the fitness of the populations relative to their ancestral strain has changed. All populations showed a pattern of rapid increase in relative fitness during early generations, with this increase decelerating over time. By 20,000 generations the populations grew approximately 70% faster than the ancestral strain. This increase and deceleration in increase has continued in subsequent generations. A 2013 study by Wiser et al. reported ongoing improvement at 50,000 generations relative to samples isolated at 40,000 generations. They found that the fitness increase fit to a power law model much better than the hyperbolic models that had been used earlier. As a power law model describes an ever-slowing increase that has no upper limit, while a hyperbolic model implies a hard limit, the work suggested that the increase would continue without bound as progressively lower benefit mutations were fixed in the populations. Further work published in 2015 reported the results of over 1100 new fitness assays that examined fitness changes through 60,000 generations. The data once again fit the proposed power law model, and, indeed, fit within predictions of the model from earlier data. These results suggest that, contrary to previous thinking, adaptation and adaptive divergence can potentially increase indefinitely, even in a constant environment.
Genome evolution
Of the 12 populations, six have so far been reported to have developed defects in their ability to repair DNA, greatly increasing the rate of mutation in those strains. Although the bacteria in each population are thought to have generated hundreds of millions of mutations over the first 20,000 generations, Lenski has estimated that within this time frame, only 10 to 20 beneficial mutations achieved fixation in each population, with fewer than 100 total point mutations (including neutral mutations) reaching fixation in each population. In 2009, Barrick et al. reported the results of genome sequences from multiple time points in population Ara-1. They found that, unlike the declining rate of fitness improvement, mutation accumulation was linear and clock like, even though several lines of evidence suggested that much of the accumulation was beneficial, rather than neutral.
Evolution of increased cell size in all twelve populations
All twelve of the experimental populations show an increase in cell size concurrent with a decline in maximum population density, and in many of the populations, a more rounded cell shape. This change was partly the result of a mutation that changed the expression of a gene for a penicillin-binding protein, which allowed the mutant bacteria to outcompete ancestral bacteria under the conditions in the long-term evolution experiment. However, although this mutation increased fitness under these conditions, it also increased the bacteria's sensitivity to osmotic stress and decreased their ability to survive long periods in stationary phase cultures.
Ecological specialization
Over the course of the experiment, the populations have evolved to specialize on the glucose resource on which they grow. This was first described in 2000, when Cooper and Lenski demonstrated that all populations had experienced decay of unused metabolic functions after 20,000 generations, restricting the range of substances on which the bacteria could grow. Their analysis suggested that this decay was due to antagonistic pleiotropy, in which mutations that improved ability to grow on glucose had reduced or eliminated the ability to grow on other substances. A later study by Leiby and Marx that used more advanced techniques showed that much of the decay Cooper and Lenski had identified were experimental artifacts, that loss of unused functions was not as extensive as first thought, and that some unused functions had improved. Moreover, they concluded that the metabolic losses were not due to antagonistic pleiotropy, but the neutral accumulation of mutations in unused portions of the genome, suggesting that adaptation to a simple environment might not necessarily lead to specialization.
Evolution of balanced polymorphism and simple ecosystems
Two distinct variants, S and L, were identified in the population designated Ara-2 at 18,000 generations based on their formation of small and large colonies, respectively. Clones of the S and L types could co-exist stably in co-culture with each other, indicating they occupied distinct niches in the population. This was verified by the finding that the L type had an advantage during growth on glucose, but that S had an advantage during stationary phase, after glucose had run out. The two types were found to have initially evolved prior to 6,000 generations, and then co-existed thereafter. Phylogenetic analysis of clones of the two types isolated from different generations demonstrated that the S and L types belonged to distinct, co-existing lineages in the population, and might be undergoing incipient speciation.
Evidence of de novo gene birth
De novo gene birth is the process by which new genes arise by mutations that impact stretches of previously non-coding DNA. However, it is generally difficult to observe instances of gene birth. By analyzing the large collection of whole-genome sequences of E. coli clones sampled from the LTEE populations, a 2024 study discovered several possible instances of gene birth that involved the generation of novel mRNA transcripts and proteins associated with nearby mutations. The functional roles, if any, of these new proto-genes remain unknown.
Evolution of aerobic citrate usage in one population
BackgroundE. coli is normally unable to grow aerobically on citrate due to the inability to express a citrate transporter when oxygen is present. However, E. coli has a complete citric acid cycle, and therefore metabolizes citrate as an intermediate during aerobic growth on other substances, including glucose. Most E. coli can grow anaerobically on citrate via fermentation, if a co-substrate such as glucose is available to provide reducing power. The anaerobic growth is possible due to the expression of a transmembrane citrate-succinate antiporter gene, citT, which was first identified in 1998. This gene is co-regulated with other genes involved in citrate fermentation found on the cit operon, which is turned on only when oxygen is absent.
The inability to grow aerobically on citrate, referred to as a Cit− phenotype, is considered a defining characteristic of E. coli as a species, and one that has been a valuable means of differentiating E. coli from pathogenic Salmonella. Although Cit+ strains of E. coli have been isolated from environmental and agricultural samples, in every such case, the trait was found to be due to the presence of a plasmid that carries a foreign citrate transporter. A single, spontaneous Cit+ mutant of E. coli was reported by Hall in 1982. This mutant had been isolated during prolonged selection for growth on another novel substance in a growth broth that also contained citrate. Hall's genetic analysis indicated the underlying mutation was complex, but he was ultimately unable to identify the precise changes or genes involved, leading him to hypothesize activation of a cryptic transporter gene. The genome regions to which Hall was able to narrow down the locations of the changes do not correspond to the known location of the citT gene identified 16 years later, nor did the physiological characteristics in transport assays of Hall's Cit+ mutants match those to be expected for aerobic expression of the CitT transporter.
Cit+ evolves in the LTEE
In 2008, Lenski's team, led by Zachary D. Blount, reported that the ability to grow aerobically on citrate had evolved in one population. Around generation 33,127, a dramatic increase in turbidity was observed in the population designated Ara-3. They found that the population contained clones that were able to grow aerobically on citrate (Cit+). This metabolic capacity permitted the population to grow several-fold larger than it had previously, due to the large amount of citrate present in the medium. Examination of frozen fossil samples of the populations showed that Cit+ clones could be isolated as early as 31,500 generations. The Cit+ variants in the population were found to possess a number of genetic markers unique to the Ara-3 population; this observation excluded the possibility that the clones were contaminants, rather than spontaneous mutants. In a series of experiments that "replayed" the tape of Ara-3 evolution from Cit− clones isolated from samples frozen at various time points in the population's history, they demonstrated that the ability to grow aerobically on citrate was more likely to re-evolve in a subset of genetically pure, evolved clones. In these experiments, they observed 19 new, independent instances of Cit+ re-evolution, but only when starting from clones isolated from after generation 20,000. Fluctuation tests showed that clones from this generation and later displayed a rate of mutation to the Cit+ trait which was significantly higher than the ancestral rate. Even in these later clones, the rate of mutation to Cit+ was on the order of one occurrence per trillion cell divisions.
Lenski and his colleagues concluded that the evolution of the Cit+ function in this one population arose due to one or more earlier, possibly nonadaptive, "potentiating" mutations that increased the rate of mutation to an accessible level. The data suggested that citrate usage involved at least two mutations subsequent to these "potentiating" mutations. More generally, the authors suggest these results indicate, following the argument of Stephen Jay Gould, "that historical contingency can have a profound and lasting impact" on the course of evolution. These findings have come to be considered a significant instance of the impact of historical contingency on evolution.
Genomic analysis of the Cit+ trait and implications for evolutionary innovation
In 2012, Lenski and his team reported the results of a genomic analysis of the Cit+ trait that shed light on the genetic basis and evolutionary history of the trait. The researchers had sequenced the entire genomes of twenty-nine clones isolated from various time points in the Ara-3 population's history. They used these sequences to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the population; this reconstruction showed that the population had diversified into three clades by 20,000 generations. The Cit+ variants had evolved in one of these, which they called Clade 3. Clones that had been found to be potentiated in earlier research were distributed among all three clades, but were over-represented in Clade 3. This led the researchers to conclude that there had been at least two potentiating mutations involved in Cit+ evolution.
The researchers also found that all Cit+ clones had mutations in which a 2933-base-pair segment of DNA was duplicated or amplified. The duplicated segment contained the gene citT for the citrate transporter protein used in anaerobic growth on citrate. The duplication is tandem, and resulted in copies that were head-to-tail with respect to each other. This new configuration placed a copy of the previously silent, unexpressed citT under the control of the adjacent rnk gene's promoter, which directs expression when oxygen is present. This new rnk-citT module produced a novel regulatory pattern for citT, activating expression of the citrate transporter when oxygen was present, and thereby enabled aerobic growth on citrate.
Movement of this rnk-citT module into the genome of a potentiated Cit− clone was shown to be sufficient to produce a Cit+ phenotype. However, the initial Cit+ phenotype conferred by the duplication was very weak, and only granted a ~1% fitness benefit. The researchers found that the number of copies of the rnk-citT module had to be increased to strengthen the Cit+ trait sufficiently to permit the bacteria to grow well on the citrate. Further mutations after the Cit+ bacteria became dominant in the population continued to accumulate improved growth on citrate.
The researchers concluded that the evolution of the Cit+ trait occurred in three distinct phases: (1) mutations accumulated that increased the rate of mutation to Cit+, (2) the trait itself appeared in a weak form, and (3) the trait was improved by later mutations. Blount et al. suggested that this pattern might be typical of how novel traits in general evolve, and proposed a three-step model of evolutionary innovation:
Potentiation: a genetic background evolves in which a trait is mutationally accessible, making the trait's evolution possible.
Actualization: a mutation occurs that produces the trait, making it manifest, albeit likely in a weak form.
Refinement: Once the trait exists, if it provides selective benefit, mutations will accumulate that improve the trait, making it effective. This phase is open-ended, and will continue so long as refining mutations arise and the trait remains beneficial.
This model has seen acceptance in evolutionary biology. In 2015 paleontologist Douglas Erwin suggested a modification to a four-step model to better reflect a possible distinction between evolutionary novelty and evolutionary innovation, and to highlight the importance of environmental conditions: potentiation, generation of novel phenotypes (actualization), adaptive refinement, and exploitation (conversion of a novelty to an innovation as it becomes important for the ecological establishment of possessing organisms).
Investigation of potentiation
In 2014, a research team led by Eric Quandt in the lab of Jeffrey Barrick at the University of Texas at Austin described the application of a new technique called Recursive Genomewide Recombination and Sequencing (REGRES) to identify potentiating mutations among the 70 present in the Ara-3 lineage that evolved Cit+. This method used multiple rounds of a process in which F plasmid based conjugation between a 33,000 generation Cit+ clone, CZB154, and the Cit− founding clone of the LTEE to purge mutations not required for either manifestation of a weak or strong form of the Cit+ trait, the latter referred to as Cit++. They found that the rnk-citT module responsible for the phenotypic switch to Cit+ was sufficient to produce a weak Cit+ phenotype in the ancestor. They also identified a mutation that had occurred in the lineage leading to CZB154 after the initial evolution of Cit+ that conferred a strong, Cit++ phenotype in the ancestor absent any mutation but the rnk-citT module. This mutation, found in the regulatory region of a gene called dctA, caused a massive increase in the expression of the DctA transporter, which functions to import C4-dicarboxylates into the cell. This increased DctA expression, they found, permitted Cit+ cells to re-uptake succinate, malate, and fumarate released into the medium by the CitT transporter during import of citrate. They identified a similar mutation in Cit++ clones in the Ara-3 population that increased DctA expression by restoring function to a gene that regulates it, dcuS, that had been deactivated in the ancestral clone. Quandt et al. concluded that the dctA mutation was not involved in potentiation, but refinement. This led them to suggest that evolution of Cit+ in the Ara-3 population might have been contingent upon a genetic background and population-specific ecology that permitted the early, weak Cit+ variants to persist in the population long enough for refining mutations to arise and render growth on citrate strong enough to provide a significant fitness benefit.
Quandt and colleagues later published findings definitively identifying a mutation that did potentiate Cit+ evolution. This mutation was in the gltA gene, which encodes citrate synthase, an enzyme involved in the flow of carbon into the citric acid cycle. It had the effect of increasing citrate synthase activity, and they showed that it permitted improved growth on acetate. Moreover, with the gltA mutation, the rnk-citT module that causes the Cit+ trait has a neutral-to-slightly beneficial fitness effect, while, without it, the module was strongly detrimental. The gltA mutation therefore seems to have permitted early, weak Cit+ variants to persist in the population until later refining mutations could occur, consistent with their earlier conclusions. After a strong Cit++ phenotype evolved, the increased citrate synthase activity became detrimental. The researchers found that later mutations in gltA countered the first mutation, reducing citrate synthase activity, and further improving growth on citrate. They concluded that the series of mutations in gltA first potentiated, and then refined growth on citrate. They also suggested that the lineage in which Cit+ arose might have occupied a niche in Ara-3 based on growth on acetate, and that the potentiating mutations that led to evolution of Cit+ in Ara-3 were originally adaptive for acetate use.
Investigation of post-Cit+ ecology and persistent diversity
A small subpopulation of Cit− cells unable to grow on citrate, and belonging to a separate clade persisted in the population after the Cit+ cells became dominant. Early findings showed that this diversity was partly due to the Cit− cells being better at growing on the glucose in the medium. Turner et al. later found that another factor behind the coexistence was that the Cit− cells evolved the ability to cross feed on the Cit+ majority. They showed that the Cit+ cells release succinate, malate, and fumarate during growth on citrate, as the CitT transporter pumps these substances out of the cell while pumping citrate into the cell. The Cit− cells had rapidly evolved the ability to grow on these substances due to a mutation that restored expression of an appropriate transporter protein that was silent in the ancestor.
The Cit− subpopulation eventually went extinct in the population between 43,500 and 44,000 generations. This extinction was shown to not be due to the Cit+ majority evolving to be able to invade the niche occupied by the Cit− minority. Indeed, Cit− clones could invade Cit+ populations from after the extinction event. Moreover, in an experiment in which they restarted twenty replicates of the Ara-3 population from the sample frozen 500 generations before the extinction, Turner et al. found that the Cit− subpopulation had not gone extinct in any of the replicates after 500 generations of evolution. One of these replicates was continued for 2,500 generations, over which Cit− continued to coexist. The researchers concluded that the extinction of Cit− had been due to some unknown "rare environmental perturbation", similar to that which can impact natural populations. The final replicate was integrated into the main LTEE experiment, becoming the thirteenth population, Ara-7.
Various interpretations of the findings
Barry Hall had already isolated a mutant strain of aerobic citrate-utilizing E. coli in 1982 and he attributed it to two mutations in genes citA and citB, which are linked to the gal operon. Some have contrasted Hall's findings as unintended “direct selection” for Cit+ mutants and Lenski's findings as an unintended genetic “screen” for Cit+ mutants. Other researchers have experimented on evolving aerobic citrate-utilizing E. coli. Dustin Van Hofwegen et al. were able to isolate 46 independent citrate-utilizing mutants of E. coli in just 12 to 100 generations using highly prolonged selection under starvation, during which the bacteria would sample more mutations more rapidly. In their research, the genomic DNA sequencing revealed an amplification of the citT and dctA loci, and rearrangement of DNA were the same class of mutations identified in the experiment by Richard Lenski and his team. They concluded that the rarity of the citrate-utilizing mutant in Lenski's research was likely a result of the selective experimental conditions used by his team rather than being a unique evolutionary speciation event.
John Roth and Sophie Maisnier-Patin reviewed the approaches in both the Lenski team's delayed mutations and the Van Hofwegen team's rapid mutations on E. coli. They argue that both teams observed the same sequence of potentiation, actualization, and refinement leading up to similar Cit+ variants. According to them, Lenski's period of less than a day during which citrate usage would be under selection, followed by 100-fold dilution, and a period of growth on glucose that would not select for citrate use; ultimately lowered the probability of E. coli being able to accumulate early adaptive mutations from one period of selection to the next. In contrast, Van Hofwegen's team allowed for a continuous selection period of 7 days, which yielded a more rapid development of citrate-using E. coli. Roth and Maisnier-Patin suggest that the serial dilution of E. coli and short period of selection for citrate-use under the conditions of the LTEE perpetually impeded each generation of E. coli from reaching the next stages of aerobic citrate utilization.
Lenski argues that the problem is not with the experiments or the data, but with the interpretations made by Van Hofwegen et al. and Maisnier-Patin and Roth. According to him, the rapid evolution of Cit+ was not necessarily unexpected since his team was also able to produce multiple Cit+ mutants in a few weeks during the replay experiments. He argues that the LTEE was not designed to isolate citrate-using mutants or to deal with speciation, which is a process, not an event. Furthermore, he argued that the evolution of Cit+ in the LTEE was contingent upon mutations that had accumulated earlier.
See also
Experimental evolution
Long-term experiment
References
Further reading
External links
E. coli Long-term Experimental Evolution Project Site
Bacteria make major evolutionary shift in the lab Bob Holmes New Scientist'' 9 June 2008
Evolution: Past, Present and Future Richard Lenski
List of publications on the experiment
Online Publication of paper on Rapid evolution of citrate utilization
1988 in biology
Biology experiments
Escherichia coli
Evolutionary biology
Molecular evolution |
17998858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHMLS-FM | XHMLS-FM | XHMLS-FM (91.3 MHz) is a radio station in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
History
XHMLS-FM is among the oldest FM stations in northeast Mexico. It received its concession on August 11, 1960, and was owned by Manuel L. Salinas. The original operating frequency was 98.1 MHz, with 1,000 watts ERP. Salinas died later in the 1960s, and his successors received control of the station in 1967.
In 1986, XHMLS was sold to Radiodifusoras Unidas Mexicanas de Matamoros. It also had found itself a new frequency, 101.5 MHz, operating at 3.348 kW ERP.
In 1992, XHMLS moved to 91.3 MHz. The station was sold to its current concessionaire in 2003.
External links
Official website
raiostationworld.com; Radio stations in the Rio Grande Valley
Radio stations in Matamoros, Tamaulipas |
17998861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Tattersalls%20Club | City Tattersalls Club | The City Tattersalls Club is a social club in Sydney. The club was formed in 1895 by a group of bookmakers disgruntled with a judge's decision on a race at Kensington, New South Wales. The club named itself after the Tattersalls Club, Sydney, which was founded in 1858 and represented the horse racing establishment. The club is located in the heart of the central business district at Pitt Street between Market and Park Streets.
History
'City Tattersalls Club started in 1895 with only 25 members, all bookmakers. The club began with only 50 guineas in the bank.
On 26 April 1895, Merry Girl – at 6/1 – was the first horse past the post at Kensington. Although the five-year-old mare appeared to have triumphed, the stewards disqualified her because she turned the scales two pounds overweight and her jockey weighed in with his whip. Thus, Pearl Powder, a four-year-old mare who ran second at 5/2 was declared the winner. Standing to lose substantially on such a heavily backed winner, and believing Merry Girl's connections should have appealed, the paddock bookmakers refused to pay out.
It was the last race of the day and then they turned up at Kensington the following Thursday, their leader refused an official request to settle. As a result, all the paddock bookmakers were escorted from the course. No doubt whooping with joy, the St Leger bookmakers were invited to take their places where the serious money was wagered.
These banished bookmakers were members of the Australian Bookmakers' Association with headquarters at the Tattersalls Club at 202–204 Pitt Street, which had considerable control over racing in New South Wales.
Founded in 1858, Tattersall's took its name from Richard Tattersall, the English horse dealer who established the modern concept of horseracing with fair betting rules. It likely also took the name from the Tattersalls Club in Sydney.
The Pearl Powder dispute dragged on for several weeks.
While profiting from the situation, members of the St Leger Bookmakers Association felt they should now have their own club to go to with their new-found respectability.
On 30 August 1895, one of their enterprising leaders, George Langley, convened a meeting at Her Majesty's Hotel at which it was resolved that all present form themselves into a club, to be called City Tattersalls Club. The 25 men at the meeting started the financial ball rolling by subscribing to two guineas each and agreeing to pay two shillings a week.
City Tattersalls Club has its own Act of Parliament, with an Honorary Committee comprising a chairman, vice-chairman, and seven committee members, all of whom are now elected by those who hold either Gold or Silver Membership, and who protect the interests of members by overseeing the strategies of the executive management. The management is headed by four Executive Managers, the Head of Operations, the Head of Finance, the Head of Gaming, and the Head of Communications and Marketing.
Location
City Tattersalls Club previously occupied the Graphic Arts building and the building alongside Adams Hotel, where the Sydney Hilton Hotel now stands.
During the 1950s, a film company was located on the top floor, with its vault on the roof, presumably so that when film exploded the burst would go upward.
In December 1992, 'Silks Bar and Grill' was born. During the 90s, Sydney was seeing an upgrade of office blocks and shopping arcades; City Tattersalls Club was ageing, exclusive, and ran a strict dress code.
The Silks Bar and Grill opening was strategic, as it allowed the club to capitalise on the Government of New South Wales 5-kilometre ruling, allowing residents outside a radius to simply sign into a registered club. Being a separate entrance, this protected the main membership of the City Tattersalls Club.
After approval by its board members in 2007 City Tattersalls Club purchased the Merivale building at 194 Pitt Street and took back its occupancy of 196 Pitt Street previously occupied by National Australia Bank.
In July 2022 City Tattersalls Club temporarily closed its famous Pitt Street building for a major redevelopment which includes a refurbishment of the existing facilities while paying respect to its heritage, and the construction of a hotel and 256 residential apartments.
While the redevelopment is taking place, City Tattersalls Club has opened three other venues in Sydney's CBD for members and guests to enjoy. They are The St James at 114 Castlereagh Street, The Castlereagh at 199 Castlereagh Street, and The Barracks at 5–7 Barrack Street.
The Castlereagh is operated in partnership with celebrity chef Colin Fassnidge.
History and milestones
The City Tattersalls Club building at 202–204 Pitt Street was occupied from 1891. Built at a small cost by today's standards, the building was described as presenting a free and effective rendering of the classic Renaissance style of architecture. It was constructed of Pyrmont, New South Wales freestone, finished in rubble masonry, relieved by handsome pilasters balustrades, moulded Courses, and carved enrichments which were said to "combine to produce a striking though harmonious effect". The rearing horse figure which surmounted the building until 2007 was carved from a single block of stone measuring . City Tattersalls bought the building in 1975 at a fraction of its value in its centenary year. City Tattersalls' second home, premises at 240 Pitt Street with a narrow frontage was occupied until moving to the present site in 1924. The old building exists today with the club's name still discernible on the front fascia.
In 1930, Amy Johnson spent six weeks touring Australia after she circumnavigated the world at public events attended by cheering crowds at the City Tattersalls Club by posing on the club's front balcony at Pitt Street.
1858 Tattersall's first formed
1891 First Tattersalls Club moved into 202–204 Pitt Street
1895 Opening of City Tattersalls Club
1903 249 Pitt Street purchased
1924 Move into current premises at 198–204 Pitt Street
1930 Amy Johnson welcomed by the club after her world flight
1963 Opening of membership to women
1971 Snooker table dedicated to Norman Squire at the World Snooker Championship 1971
1992 Silks Bar and Grill opened
1995 City Tattersalls Club Centenary year
2005 Major renovations to key venues including Omega Lounge
2012 Re-launch of website offering online new memberships and renewals using PayPal
2020 City Tattersalls Club celebrated its 125th anniversary
2022 The famous Pitt Street clubhouse was temporarily closed for a major redevelopment. It's expected to be completed in late 2026.
References
External links
Club Rules (2018)
Official site citytatts.com.au. Retrieved on 12 February 2008
sciencemuseum.org.uk Science Museum exhibit on Amy Johnson Retrieved on 12 February 2008
BBC Humber site for Johnson centenary Retrieved on 12 February 2008
.olgr.nsw.gov.au Retrieved on 12 February 2008
sciencemuseum.org.uk Science Museum exhibit on Amy Johnson Retrieved on 12 February 2008
BBC Humber site for Johnson centenary Retrieved on 12 February 2008 Amy Johnson National Biography 1941–1950, London: Oxford University Press, 1959
Cup Race Day 2017 Photostream
Jack Hennessy buildings
Buildings and structures in Sydney
1895 establishments in Australia
Organizations established in 1895
Organisations based in Sydney
Gentlemen's clubs in Australia
Pitt Street, Sydney
Horse racing in Australia |
17998869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20privacy | Visual privacy | Visual privacy is the relationship between collection and dissemination of visual information, the expectation of privacy, and the legal issues surrounding them. These days digital cameras are ubiquitous. They are one of the most common sensors found in electronic devices, ranging from smartphones to tablets, and laptops to surveillance cams. However, privacy and trust implications surrounding it limit its ability to seamlessly blend into computing environment. In particular, large-scale camera networks have created increasing interest in understanding the advantages and disadvantages of such deployments. It is estimated that over 7 million CCTV cameras deployed in the UK. Due to increasing security concerns, camera networks have continued to proliferate across other countries such as the United States. While the impact of such systems continues to be evaluated, in parallel, tools for controlling how these camera networks are used and modifications to the images and video sent to end-users have been explored.
Forms of Visual Data
Visual Privacy is often typically applied to particular technologies including:
Closed-circuit television (CCTVs)
Visual sensor network (Also referred to as Camera Networks)
Camera phone
Smart homes
Technologies enhancing visual privacy
Different forms of technologies are explored to enhance or preserve privacy while providing information collected from camera networks. Most of these solutions rely upon the target application and try to accomplish it in a privacy-preserving manner:
"Respectful Cameras" is a solution that automatically obscures the faces of observed people in video by overlaying a colored dot over the face of the individual. This technology tracks colored markers, worn by individuals, and then infers the location of a face by an offset from the marker.
Google Streetview uses automatic face detection to blur all faces in the city of Manhattan.
Eptascape has a product which provides automatic people tracking and provides privacy-enabled surveillance.
Cardea is a context-aware visual privacy protection mechanism that protects bystanders' visual privacy in photos according to their context-dependent privacy preferences, using face recognition and context computing techniques.
Thermal and depth cameras are used in person detection and people counting.
Privacy-preserving Lens design consists of the joint optimization of optics and algorithms to perform vision tasks like human pose estimation and action recognition.
Visual privacy hence encompasses privacy aware and privacy preserving systems which factor in the compute design choices, privacy policies regarding data-sharing in a collaborative and distributive environment and data ownership itself. At times privacy and trust are interlinked especially for the adoption and wide-scale acceptance of any technology. Having a fair and accurate computer vision model goes a long way into ensuring the prior two. A lot of developers are also now inculcating perspectives from privacy by design. These include but are not limited to processing all user sensitive data on the edge client device, decreasing data retentivity, and ensuring that the data is not used for anything it is not intended for.
See also
Mass surveillance
References
External links
Unblinking: New Perspectives on Visual Privacy in the 21st Century
Privacy |
17998874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93Singapore%20relations | India–Singapore relations | Bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of Singapore have traditionally been strong and friendly, with the two nations enjoying extensive cultural and commercial relations. India and Singapore have signed the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) and strategic-relationship agreement in order to increase trade, investments and economic cooperation, and expanded bilateral cooperation on maritime security, training forces, joint naval exercises, developing military technology and fighting terrorism.
Background
India and Singapore share long-standing cultural, commercial and strategic relations, with Singapore being a part of the "Greater India" cultural and commercial region. More than 500,000 people of Indian origin live in Singapore. Following its independence in 1965, Singapore was concerned with China-backed communist threats as well as domination from Malaysia and Indonesia and sought a close strategic relationship with India, which it saw as a counterbalance to Chinese influence and a partner in achieving regional security. Singapore had always been an important strategic trading post, giving India trade access to the Far East. Although the rival positions of both nations over the Vietnam War and the Cold War caused consternation between India and Singapore, their relationship expanded significantly in the 1990s; Singapore was one of the first to respond to India's "Look East" Policy of expanding its economic, cultural and strategic ties in Southeast Asia to strengthen its standing as a regional power.
Development of bilateral relations
Diplomatic relations between India and Singapore were established on 24 August 1965, fifteen days after the latter became independent. Ever since Singapore's independence, both nations have maintained high-level contacts. Between 1966 and 1971 the Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew visited India three times (1966, 1970 and 1971). The then-Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi visited Singapore in 1968, as did Indian leader Morarji Desai. Singapore supported India's bid to become a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council and expand its role and influence in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Singapore also supported India in its war against Pakistan in 1965 and the Kashmir conflict.
Military relations between the two nations had been limited due to foreign policy differences in the Cold War era, as Singapore was allied with Nato, whilst India established itself as a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, and as the only South Asian country to recognise the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
In 2003, India and Singapore signed a bilateral agreement on expanding military cooperation, conducting joint military training, developing military technology and achieving maritime security. The Singaporean Navy and the Indian Navy have conducted joint naval exercises and training since 1993 such as SIMBEX and MILAN near India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. India and Singapore have also expanded their cooperation in fighting terrorism.
Over the last two decades, Singapore has positioned itself as the hub of India's economic, political and strategic relationships in Southeast Asia. When India announced its Look East policy in 1992, Singapore positioned itself as India's de facto regional sponsor. As Indian Defence Minister Pranab Mukherjee commented in 2006, Singapore has become “the hub of its political, economic and security strategy in the whole of East Asia.”
According to a 2010 Gallup poll, 40% of Singaporeans approve of India's leadership, with 23% disapproving and 37% uncertain.
After the death of Lee Kuan Yew in 2015, India followed with a weekend of national mourning in memory of the founding father of Singapore, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Singapore in November 2015 reaffirming fifty years of bilateral relations.
Commerce
Singapore is the 8th largest source of investment in India and the largest amongst ASEAN member nations. It is also India's 9th biggest trading partner as of 2005–06. Its cumulative investment in India totals US$3 billion as of 2006 and is expected to rise to $5 billion by 2010 and $10 billion by 2015. India's economic liberalisation and its "Look East" policy have led to a major expansion in bilateral trade, which grew from US$2.2 billion in 2001 to $9 billion – 10 billion in 2006 – a 400% growth in the span of five years – and to $50 billion by 2010. Singapore accounts for 38% of India's trade with ASEAN member nations and 3.4% of its total foreign trade. India's main exports to
Singapore in 2005 included petroleum, gemstones, jewellery, machinery and its imports from Singapore included electronic goods, organic chemicals and metals. More than half of Singapore's exports to India are "re-exports" – items that had been imported from India.
In 2005, both nations signed the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) and have organised the India-Singapore Parliamentary Forum and the Singapore-India Partnership foundation with active support from the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICC), the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the Singapore Business Federation to promote trade, economic development and partnerships. The CECA eliminated tariff barriers, double taxation, duplicate processes and regulations and provided unhindered access and collaboration between the financial institutions of Singapore and India. The CECA also enhanced bilateral collaboration related to education, science and technology, intellectual property, aviation and relaxed visa regulations for Indian professionals in information technology, medicine, engineering and financial fields to emigrate and work in Singapore. Singapore has invested in projects to upgrade India's ports, airports and developing information technology parks and a Special Economic Zone (SEZ). India has become Singapore's 4th biggest tourist destination and more than 650,000 Indians visited Singapore in 2006. Both nations have worked to collaborate on aviation, aerospace engineering, space programmes, information technology, biotechnology and energy.
Singapore and India successfully concluded the second review of the India-Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) on 1 June 2018 in the presence of India Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.
In September 2018, India and Singapore formally launched the third review of CECA which focuses on trade facilitation, e-commerce and customs.
India's ISRO have launched various satellites built by Singaporean universities and organisations. 20 satellites have been launched over the course of 13 years.
Military cooperation
In 1994, India and Singapore began their annual naval combat exercise, now called "SIMBEX" Several warships from India and Singapore took part in this interoperable combat exercise.
In 2003, India and Singapore signed a Defence Cooperation Agreement, allowing Singapore army and air force to conduct training on Indian soil.
On 24 November 2015, India and Singapore signed the agreement for the "strategic relationship" across the board including defence and military, security and intelligence cooperation, political exchanges, enhancing trade and investment, improving financial linkages, improving air connectivity and cooperation in multilateral forums.
On 29 November 2017, the two countries signed a naval cooperation agreement aimed at boosting maritime security, joint exercises and mutual logistics support. The agreement also permits ships of either navy to refuel, restock and, rearm at each other military bases. After signing the agreement, Singapore's Defence Minister Dr. Ng Eng Hen stated, "not only would we be more comfortable, we would encourage the Indian Navy to visit Changi Naval base more often".
The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Indian Air Force (IAF) regularly conduct joint military training exercises.
India and Singapore also signed the revised Defence Cooperation Agreement to strengthen the existing defence relationship between Indian military and Singapore Armed Forces on 29 November 2017.
Impact of COVID-19
When the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore was declared in 2019, India and Singapore unilaterally stopped issuing short-term tourist visas from 11 March and 24 March 2020 onwards respectively. Before Singapore stopped releasing individual case details in April 2020, more than 1,600 Indian nationals were diagnosed with COVID-19. In May 2020, India embarked on a repatriation scheme which would have brought back 1,250 Indian nationals from Singapore, while assisted Singapore in repatriating approximately 400 Singaporeans from India. Despite the pandemic, investment flows between the two countries had 'slowed down a little bit' with approximately US$2 billion worth of investments going into India.
As India experienced its second wave of infections beginning March 2021, India faced an oxygen shortage nationwide to treat COVID-19 patients. Four cryogenic oxygen tanks donated by Tata Group, which were being used for transporting oxygen across the nation, were airlifted by the Indian Air Force from Singapore. The Republic of Singapore Air Force also sent two planeloads of oxygen supplies, and Temasek Holdings, one of the two Singaporean government investment companies, donated medical supplies such as ventilators and oxygen concentrators. Various ground-up initiatives had started as well in Singapore to raise funds and gather supplies for those affected in India.
In May, Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal claimed without evidence that a new COVID-19 variant from Singapore was extremely dangerous for children and could result in a third wave in India. Singapore's ministry of health had to clarify there was no Singapore variant nor any evidence of a Covid-19 variant extremely dangerous for kids. It became apparent that the increase in COVID cases came from the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant originating in India.
See also
Indians in Singapore
Singaporeans in India
References
Singapore
Bilateral relations of Singapore |
17998875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumers%20Council%20of%20Canada | Consumers Council of Canada | The Consumers Council of Canada is a non-profit, volunteer-based consumer organization, promoting consumer rights and responsibilities in Canada.
Founded in 1994, the organization is based in Toronto.
The Consumers Council of Canada was a member of the Canadian Consumer Initiative. The initiative, initiated by the Office of Consumer Affairs of Industry Canada, has involved the development common policy positions and sharing of resources by organizations serving consumers in Canada.
Operating Principles
The Consumers Council of Canada advocates for the eight basic consumer rights detailed in the Consumer Bill of Rights, as well as a ninth, the right to privacy, which the council has added. The rights are as follows:
The right to safety;
The right to choose;
The right to be heard;
The right to be informed;
The right to consumer education;
The right to consumer redress;
The right to a healthy environment;
The right to basic needs, and;
The right to privacy.
References
External links
Consumers Council's Website
Consumer organizations in Canada
Consumer rights organizations
Consumer protection in Canada |
17998906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin%20M.%20Randall | Edwin M. Randall | Edwin M. Randall (April 5, 1822 – July 12, 1895) was a Florida lawyer and Republican politician who served as chief justice of the Florida Supreme Court from January 1869 to January 7, 1885.
Randall was born in Canajoharie, New York in Montgomery County, New York on April 5, 1822. His father, Phineas, was a lawyer and a judge. He attended the public schools. After reading law under his father, he was admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1845 the family moved to Waukesha, Wisconsin where he joined his brother, Alexander's, legal practice. In 1847 he married Julia Mills in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. For the next ten years he worked to build the law practice. He became friends with Harrison Reed, then a Madison of newspaper editor. In 1858, Alexander became governor of Wisconsin.
His brother's political career furthered Randall's. In 1864, a year after Alexander's appointment as assistant Postmaster General, Randall was appointed federal tax commissioner for Louisiana. After becoming Postmaster General under President Andrew Johnson, his brother sent Randall to Florida to help Harrison Reed, who was then Florida's postal agent.
Randall and Reed became ready partners. The Republican Party in Florida was factionalized at that time, and their efforts at the 1868 Florida Constitutional Convention derailed the efforts of the "Mule Team," and furthered the efforts of their more conservative faction. As a result, Reed was elected governor and appointed Randall Chief Justice of the Florida Supreme Court.
Randall served as chief justice during a turbulent time for Florida and the Court. Reconstruction brought division and conflict to Florida and to factions within the Republican Party. He became chief interpreter of the Constitution of 1868. In 1872, he presided over Reed's impeachment. The disputed presidential and gubernatorial elections of 1876 presented unprecedented challenges. Despite Randall's personal and political affiliations, the Court ordered a recount and awarded the governorship to Democrat George F. Drew.
On January 7, 1885 Randall returned to private practice in Jacksonville, after the election of Democrat Edward A. Perry as governor. He was one of Duval County's delegates to the state constitutional convention. He served briefly in the early 1890s as Jacksonville city attorney. On July 12, 1895, he died of Bright's disease.
His Great Great Great Grandson is Mark Andrew Reynolds
References
Manley, Walter W., Brown, E. Canter. and Rise, Eric W. The Supreme Court of Florida and Its Predecessor Courts, 1821-1917. pp 217 – 220. University Press of Florida. Gainesville, Florida. 1997. eBook . . at Netlbrary. Online. April 23, 2008.
The Political Graveyard
Stearns, Ezra Scollay . History of Ashburnham, Massachusetts: From the Grant of Dorchester. Page 497. 1887. Original from the University of California. Google Books. Online. June 18, 2008.
Thursby, Mary Agnes. Succession of Justices of Supreme Court of Florida. Revised by Jo Dowling & the Office of Public Information. Updated 5/7/2008.
Thursby, Agatha. Chronology of the Chief Justices of Florida. Online. June 18, 2008.
Florida lawyers
1822 births
1895 deaths
Politicians from Jacksonville, Florida
People from Canajoharie, New York
Chief justices of the Supreme Court of Florida
Wisconsin lawyers
Politicians from Waukesha, Wisconsin
Deaths from nephritis
U.S. state supreme court judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers |
17998912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Option%20consommateurs | Option consommateurs | Option consommateurs is a non-profit consumer organization dedicated to promoting and defending the interests of Canadian consumers.
The organization was founded in 1983 and is based in Montreal. Its focus areas are energy, agri-food, financial services, privacy, and commercial practices.
Through the Éconologis program, an energy efficiency program for low-income households run by the Quebec government's Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Option consommateurs has offered free visits to low-income households in Montréal, wherein consumers are given personalized advice to improve their energy consumption, as well as new electronic thermostats.
Objectives
To achieve its mission, Option consommateurs pursues four objectives:
Promoting a respectful vision of socioeconomic rights and interests of consumers;
Empowering consumers and promoting their independence by helping, informing and representing their interests to decision makers;
Helping to balance the power between companies and consumers, and;
Promoting equitable legal and contractual rules with regard to consumers and businesses, ensuring their implementation and their respect.
Activity
Option consommateurs is leading a class action lawsuit application filed in the Superior Court of Quebec on 22 March 2022 against several meat-processing companies, which are accused of conspiring to restrict competition in the production, supply, and sale of beef in Quebec. Sylvie De Bellefeuille, a lawyer with Option consommateurs and main plaintiff in the court filing, claims that since 2015 four companies worked to create a shortage in the beef market, thereby causing an upward movement in the price.
In March 2022, Option consommateurs, along with the Canadian Federation of Independent Business and the Quebec Association of Industrial Electricity Consumers, called on the Quebec government to require the Régie de l'énergie du Québec to freeze Hydro-Québec electricity rates. This follows an announcement by the crown corporation that it would increase rates in 2022 and 2023 in alignment with the rate of inflation. Later, Option consommateurs said that even if the law is modified to limit the increase to 3%, it was launching a petition asking the government to restore the power of the Régie de l'énergie du Québec to set electricity rates annually.
Funding
Option consommateurs has received funding from the Government of Canada's Office of Consumer Affairs for the years 2017 to 2023, and from Centraide of Greater Montreal. It also receives support from Chambre de la sécurité financière, Chambre des notaires du Québec, and the Government of Québec.
References
Political advocacy groups in Canada
Consumer rights organizations |
17998924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81%20mele%20paleoleo | Nā mele paleoleo | Nā mele paleoleo (sometimes "mele paleoleo") is a form of contemporary Hawaiian music that blends hip hop with native Hawaiian rapping. Known as a form of Hawaiian performance poetry, spoken-word performers of nā mele paleoleo are gaining popularity due to rap and hip hop influences. The genre was influenced by emcees including Native Hawaiian activist and rapper, Charlotte "MC Frumpy" Kaluna, along with Joseph "DJ ELITE" Netherland in the late '80s. Sudden Rush were the first group to record nā mele paleoleo in 1993 and became the most notable performers in the genre. Nā mele paleoleo means "songs that speak loudly and angrily" and was approved as an official Hawaiian term because of the advocacy of Don Ke'ala, a member of Sudden Rush. The lyrics are often overtly political, endorsing Native Hawaiian sovereignty.
References
Music of Hawaii
Hip-hop genres |
17998944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XEEW-FM | XEEW-FM | XEEW-FM (97.7 MHz) is a radio station in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico, serving Matamoros and Brownsville, Texas, United States. It carries the Los 40 format from Radiopolis.
References
External links
Los 40 97.7fm Facebook
Spanish-language radio stations
Radio stations in Matamoros, Tamaulipas |
17998950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest%20Hits%201990%E2%80%931999%3A%20A%20Tribute%20to%20a%20Work%20in%20Progress... | Greatest Hits 1990–1999: A Tribute to a Work in Progress... | Greatest Hits 1990–1999: A Tribute to a Work in Progress... is a compilation album by American rock band The Black Crowes, released June 20, 2000, by American Recordings & Columbia Records. It features material from all of their studio albums up to that point, and reached #143 on the Billboard 200.
Track listing
Personnel
The Black Crowes
Jeff Cease – guitar
Johnny Colt – bass guitar
Marc Ford – guitar
Steve Gorman – drums
Eddie Harsch – keyboards
Sven Pipien – bass guitar
Chris Robinson – vocals , blues harp
Rich Robinson – guitar
Uncredited musicians
Chuck Leavell – piano, organ
Production
The Black Crowes – production
George Drakoulias – production
Jack Joseph Puig – production
Kevin Shirley – production
Leon Zervos – mastering
Pete Angelus – personal management
James Diener & Mark Feldman – project management
Josh Cheuse – art direction
Charts
Weekly Charts
References
2000 greatest hits albums
The Black Crowes compilation albums
American Recordings (record label) compilation albums
Columbia Records compilation albums |
17998973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway%20Station%20%28Charlotte%29 | Gateway Station (Charlotte) | Charlotte Gateway Station is a future intermodal transit station in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. Currently operating as a streetcar stop for the CityLynx Gold Line, with an adjoining bus station for Greyhound Lines intercity buses, it is the centerpiece of the overall Station District, and it will serve Charlotte Area Transit System (CATS) bus lines, the Lynx Silver Line light rail, and Amtrak intercity trains. The district will also include parking facilities, mixed-use development and an elevated greenway. Estimated at a cost of $800.1 million (2017 US dollars) for full implementation of all public and private components, the project will be built in three phases, with Amtrak service tentatively scheduled to start in 2026–2027.
History
In 1991, the City of Charlotte and the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) completed a preliminary feasibility study for a new Uptown rail station to replace the existing Amtrak station, built in 1962 by the Southern Railway and located on North Tryon Street near the rail yard for SOU's successor, Norfolk Southern. The site chosen along West Trade Street, currently a Greyhound station since 1973, was once the location of three previous stations: the Atlanta & Charlotte Depot (prior to 1886), the Richmond and Danville Depot (1886-1905) and the Southern Depot (1905-1962).
In 1998, NCDOT began the acquisition of property for the station and supportive land uses (i.e. retail and offices). In 2002, NCDOT completed its feasibility study for the Charlotte Multi-Modal Station and Area Track Improvements. The study identified two possible options: The Preferred Alternative, which included the station, various track work and a greenway at $206.8 million (2002 dollars), and the Station Build Only Alternative at $109.6 million (2002 dollars). By 2004, NCDOT had completed property acquisition of .
Announced publicly in August 2005, the proposed Gateway Station is envisioned to serve as both a multimodal transit center in addition to both office and retail space. As originally presented, the station would feature an underground station for CATS buses, a office building, and soaring lobby for other rail and bus services in the building's atrium.
In 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 awarded $520 million grant for the Piedmont Improvement Project in North Carolina; which was used to make rail improvements identified in the 2002 feasibility study. In that same year, an Environmental impact assessment was completed that resulted in a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) and the City of Charlotte and NCDOT signed a municipal agreement.
In 2012, NCDOT completed property acquisition again of approximately for the Charlotte Gateway Station project. On November 1, 2012, NCDOT selected Houston-based developer, the Hines Group, for the project. In 2015, NCDOT won a $25 Million TIGER Grant, to help start construction of Gateway Station.
On August 30, 2021, the streetcar station was opened as part of the second phase of the CityLynx Gold Line.
The station's inter-city tracks and platform were completed in November 2022. The first test run of a Piedmont train using the station occurred on November 29, 2022.
Station plans
The station was built with a streetcar platform, which provides connection to the CityLynx Gold Line, and a long, fully ADA compliant high-level platform, the second in the state behind Raleigh Union Station, for Amtrak service. It will be the southern terminus of Amtrak's Carolinian and Piedmont lines, as well as a service stop on Amtrak's Crescent and a major stop on the planned Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor. It will significantly improve connections between Amtrak and local transit. CATS plans for the station to be a stop on the Lynx Silver Line. An adjacent, interim bus station was built for Greyhound, which provides connections to routes running to Atlanta, Detroit, Jacksonville, New York City and Philadelphia.
Construction
Both the Charlotte Area Transit System (CATS) and NCDOT have started/completed various projects that impact the future station, including the CityLynx Gold Line and a new Locomotive and Railcar Maintenance Facility located on West Summit Avenue. However, groundbreaking for the Charlotte Gateway Station did not begin until July 2018. The project is using a phased implementation approach to facilitate the near-term development of the rail station while also setting the stage for private development to occur. There are three general phases with additional sub-phases.
Phase 1
At an estimate cost of $91.3 million (2017 dollars), the first phase has two parts:
1A) Construct of track, structures, and signals to support two new station tracks; construct retaining wall/earthwork; construct temporary intercity bus facility (completed August, 2019).
1B) Construct rail platform and canopy for passenger loading/unloading.
Construction of Phase 1 was completed in November 2022.
Phase 2
At an estimate cost of $49.9 million (2017 dollars), the second phase has two parts:
2A) Construct platform canopy; construct station building (interim condition) with full construction of concourse level and core and shell only for plaza and mezzanine levels; construct temporary surface parking and passenger drop-off area.
2B) Decommission existing Amtrak station on North Tryon Street.
This phase is partially funded with capital carryover from phase 1. As of late 2024, no physical progress has been made on the site, with city officials confirming that the planning and funding efforts are still ongoing, with no definitive timeline in place.
Phase 3
At an estimate cost of $658.9 million (2017 dollars), the third phase has three parts:
3A) Construct greenway connection with bridge over Fourth Street, vertical circulation and retaining walls; construct bus facility, which includes structured parking and residential over retail wrapping garage (facility will serve as temporary parking for rail passengers till phase 3B is completed).
3B) Complete upper section of station building; extend greenway with bridge over Trade Street, vertical circulation and retaining walls; extend greenway to Bank of America Stadium; construct private development around station.
3C) Construct remote properties between Fifth and Seventh Streets; extend greenway to Ninth Street.
This phase is currently not funded, but is expected to be developed mostly by private developers.
Station layout
As of December 2, 2022, the station consists of one island platform in the center of Trade Street, for Gold Line service, and it is located on what will become the front entrance of the intermodal station. A second, high-level island platform is located alongside Norfolk Southern's tracks for Amtrak service, which will not be publicly accessible until 2025-27.
References
External links
Gateway Station Home
Charlotte Area Transit System stations
Lynx Gold Line stations
Future Amtrak stations in the United States
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2021
2021 establishments in North Carolina
Uptown Charlotte |
17998985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20d%27Ath%C3%A9e | Gérard d'Athée | Gérard De Athée written in Magna Carta 1215 as Gerardi de Athyes. He was a Principal military commander and Lord from Athee Sur Cher in now France. He possessed his own Castle, Arms and badge of "A Lion contrapasssant qui retourne ca tete" of Guyenne Aquitaine and that as used by King Richard Coer De Leon under whom he is first referenced. He later seamlessly transferred to King John of England from 1211 to 1215 following the death of King Richard in 1199 at the siege of Chalus.
He served King John in France as commander of Loches castle, one of the last castles to resist Philip Augustus in Normandy. D'Athée was captured by the French and, being so highly valued by King John, ransomed back to England in return for 2,000 marks. He and his extended families and kinsmen were granted estates in England, and De Athee was appointed High Sheriff of Gloucestershire and Herefordshire (1208-1210) and High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests in 1209. His rapid rise in the English court caused resentment amongst the English barons. He is mentioned critically in clause 50 of Magna Carta:
References
BBC History
Magna Carta and two Sheriffs of Gloucestershire ~ By Russell Howes
12th-century births
Year of death unknown
French mercenaries
High sheriffs of Derbyshire
High sheriffs of Gloucestershire
High sheriffs of Herefordshire
High sheriffs of Nottinghamshire |
17998989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHNA-FM | XHNA-FM | XHNA-FM (105.9 MHz) is a radio station in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
History
XHNA received its concession on November 28, 1988. It was owned by Radiorama subsidiary Radiofonía Mexicana, S.A. Radiorama transferred the station to a new concessionaire in 2008.
References
External links
radioavanzado.com
raiostationworld.com; Radio stations in the Rio Grande Valley
Spanish-language radio stations
Radio stations in Matamoros, Tamaulipas |
17999003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20J.%20Codey%20Arena | Richard J. Codey Arena | The Richard J. Codey Arena at South Mountain (formerly the South Mountain Skating Arena) is an ice hockey and ice skating arena in West Orange, New Jersey as part of the South Mountain Recreation Complex. The arena is named for former Governor of New Jersey Richard Codey. The Codey Arena is owned and operated by the Essex County Department of Park, Recreation, and Cultural Affairs.
History
South Mountain Skating Arena opened in 1958 with a single ice rink with arena seating surrounding the rink. A second outdoor rink was built temporarily and used each winter beginning in the mid-1970s. The second rink was permanently enclosed in 1983. During 2004 and 2005 the arena underwent major renovations that included a new state-of-the-art lobby for the arena including meeting rooms, a skylight, automatic doors, pro shop (now a glice training area), arcade, and concession stand. Another part of the renovation was a new set of dasher boards, Plexiglas, compression system, jumbotron screen, and seats for Rink 1, as well as a new dehumidifier for Rink 2; it was renamed the Codey Arena upon reopening. In 2017, management announced that Rink 1 would undergo renovation once again putting in new seats, new boards, and a new jumbotron/scoreboard. In the fall of 2018, the arcade was replaced by vending machines. The arena has two NHL-sized skating rinks. The main arena has a seating capacity of 2,500 and the second rink seats approximately 500.
Hockey
Many high school, college and semi-professional (NJ Rockets) ice hockey games have been played at the rink beginning in the 1960s. From 1986 until the opening of the Prudential Center (which includes a full-size practice rink) in 2007, the New Jersey Devils used the arena as the team's practice facility. In November 2008 it became home to the Jersey Rockhoppers of the Eastern Professional Hockey League. The arena is also home to the New Jersey Daredevils, a special needs hockey team that has practices and home games at the arena since 2002. The Daredevils play in the (ASHA) American Special Hockey Association League. Since 2009, The Daredevils host an annual Halloween hockey tournament in October for all Special Hockey International Teams (including the Daredevils) called Frankenfest. The New Jersey Devils Youth Hockey club is also based at the arena with more than twenty teams from the beginners entry level to the highly competitive AAA USA Hockey Sanctioned level. The Seton Hall University and the Seton Hall Preparatory School men's hockey teams also compete at the arena. Livingston High School hockey and West Orange High School hockey also play at the arena.
On September 13, 2024, the New York Sirens of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) announced as part of their move to the Prudential Center, they would make the arena their practice facility.
Ice skating
The arena offers many classes at different levels from toddlers to adults. There are also public sessions available during weekdays and weekends.
Essex Skating Club
The Essex Skating Club (ESC) is the figure skating club at the arena. The club has more than 300 youth and adult members with winning records at national competitions. A number of coaches at ESC are World and Olympic competitors such as Kay Barsdell, Ken Foster and JoJo Starbuck. Three Americans grew up skating in Essex Club’s Ice Shows and training at the arena. Suna Murray (1972), Elisa Spitz (1984), and Karen Courtland (1994) represented the United States in Figure Skating at the Winter Olympic Games and World Championships. Oleg Bliakhman also coaches and he competed representing Russia in the 1982 and 1983 Junior World Figure Skating Championships. The Synchroettes are youth synchronized skating teams with winning records including regional champions and the gold medal at the 2010 U.S. Synchronized Skating Championships. In 2012, the Junior-level team of Synchroettes was selected by the U.S. Figure Skating to be part of the Team USA for 2012–13 season to compete in Leon Lurje Trophy international competition in Sweden. The Essex Blades is an adult synchronized skating team which ranked 6th at the 2011 U.S. Synchronized Skating Championships. Bravo! is a Novice Theatre on Ice team which ranked 4th at the 2011 US National Theatre on Ice Competition. In 2012, Bravo! was selected by US Figure Skating to be one of the two Novice teams to represent the United States at the 2013 Nations Cup in Spain.
Garden State Speedskating
The Garden State Speedskating is one of 70 speed skating clubs and the only club in New Jersey sanctioned by US Speedskating. The Garden State Speedskating has two home rinks. The home rink at Richard J. Codey Arena offers Learn to Speed Skating program for all skating levels.
Other usage
Many skating shows have taken place on the ice over the decades. Olympians Peggy Fleming, Dorothy Hamill, Janet Lynn, John Curry, Suna Murray, Karen Courtland, Elisa Spitz, and many others performed here to sold out crowds in the spectacular ice show productions of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. The arena has been used in non-ice sport tournaments such as Essex County Tournament of high school wrestling, and other events such as graduation ceremonies. Concerts by nationally-renowned bands were held here in the 1970s. The arena is also a site of emergency shelters for the county in the time of natural disasters. Occasionally, a rink is rented out for private entities, for instance, using it as a filming location for a Super Bowl commercial.
The arena was also home to the New Jersey Gems of the Women's Professional Basketball League during the Gem's third and final season of play in 1980–81.
Public transportation
New Jersey Transit bus 73 serves the arena, Turtle Back Zoo, and the South Mountain recreational complex. There are two commuter bus lines from the arena to New York City, Community Coach bus 77, and OurBus Livingston/West Orange.
References
External links
RinkAtlas listing for Richard J. Codey Arena
New Jersey Daredevils Official Website
West Orange, New Jersey
Ice hockey venues in New Jersey
Sports venues in Essex County, New Jersey
1958 establishments in New Jersey
Sports venues completed in 1958
Basketball venues in New Jersey
Figure skating venues in the United States |
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