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and what they learn they the english mind turns every abstraction it can receive into a or a working institution such is their and such their practical turn that they hold all they gain hence we say that only the english race can be trusted with freedom freedom which is double edged and dangerous to any but the wise and robust the english the of free institutions as the sentimental nations their culture is not an outside but is thorough and in and the race they are oppressive with their temperament and all the more that they are refined i have traits seen them walk with my countrymen when i was forced to allow them every advantage and their companions seemed bags of bones there is in their habit of thought sleepy routine and a s instinct to hold hard to the ground with his claws lest he should be thrown on his back there is a drag of which reform in every shape army reform extension of catholic the of slavery of code and they praise this drag under the that it is the excellence of the british constitution that no law can anticipate the public opinion these poor must hold hard for they feel no wings at their shoulders yet somewhat divine at their heart and waits a happier hour it hides in their sturdy will will said the old philosophy is the measure of power and personality is the token of this race what they do they do with a will you cannot account for their success by their christianity commerce common law parliament or letters but by the energy of english with a impossible to disturb which makes all these its instruments they are slow and and are like a dull good horse result which lets every pass him but with whip and spur will run down every in the field they are right in their feeling though wrong in their speculation the system in the steep of property and privilege in the limited in the social which confine patronage and promotion to a caste and still more in the ideas these people the of the schools is repeated in the social classes an englishman shows no mercy to those below him in the social scale as he looks for none from those above him any forbearance from his him and they suffer in his good opinion but the system can be seen with less pain on large historical grounds it was pleaded in of the rotten that it worked well that substantial justice was done fox or whatever national man were by this means sent to parliament when their return by large would have been doubtful so now we say that the right measures of england are the men it bred that it has yielded more able men in five hundred years than any other nation and though we must not play providence and balance the chances of producing ten great men against the li h comfort of ten thousand mean men yet we may strike the balance and prefer one alfred one one milton one one one to a million foolish the american system is more more humane yet the american people do not yield better or more able men or more inventions or books or benefits than the english is not wiser or better than parliament france has its old but is not recently marked by any more wisdom or virtue the power of performance has not been exceeded the creation of value the english have given importance to individuals a principal end and fruit of every society every man is allowed and encouraged to be what he is and is guarded in the indulgence of his whim said is such a fellow that he will have no sovereign by this general activity and by this of individuals they have in hundred years the principles of freedom it is the land of and and if the ocean out of which it emerged should wash it away it will be remembered as an island famous for immortal laws for the of original right which make the stone tables of liberty chapter xix speech at a few days after my arrival at in the gave its annual banquet in the free trade hall with other guests i was invited to be present and to address the company in looking over recently a newspaper report of my remarks i incline to it as expressing the feeling with which i entered england and which well enough with the more deliberate results of better acquaintance recorded in the foregoing pages sir the historian presided and opened the meeting with a speech he was followed by mr lord and others among whom was mr one of the to punch mr s letter of apology for his absence was read mr who had been announced did not appear on introduced to the meeting i said english mr and gentlemen it is pleasant to me to meet this great and brilliant company and doubly pleasant to see the faces of so many distinguished persons on this platform but i have known all these persons already when i was at home they were as near to me as they are to you the arguments of the league and its leader are known to all the friends of free trade the and genius the political the social the wit of punch go duly every fortnight to every boy and girl in boston and new york sir when i came to sea i found the history of europe on the ship s cabin table the property of the captain a sort of programme or play bill to tell the new what he shall find on his landing here and as for sir there is no land where paper exists to print on where it is not found no man who can read that does not read it	37
be carried about but there is no accurate between the spirit and the organ much less is the latter the of the former so in regard to other forms the intellectual men do not believe in any essential dependence of the material world on thought and think it a pretty air castle to talk of the spiritual meaning of a ship or a cloud of a city or a contract but they prefer to come again to the solid ground of historical evidence and even the poets are contented with a civil and manner of living and to write poems from the fancy at a safe distance from their own experience but the highest minds of the world have never ceased to explore the double meaning or shall i say the or the or much more manifold meaning of every fact and the masters of picture and poetry for we are k t and nor even of the fire and torch but children of the fire made of it and only the same divinity and at two or three when we know least about it and this hidden truth that the fountains when all this river of time and its creatures are ideal and beautiful draws us to the consideration of the nature and functions of the poet or tha the poet ll man of beauty to the means and materials he uses and to the general aspect of the art in the present time the breadth of the problem is great for the poet is representative he stands among partial men for the complete man and us not of his wealth but of the the young man men of genius because to speak truly they are more himself than he is they receive of the soul as he also receives but they more nature her beauty to the eye of loving men from their belief that the poet is beholding her shows at the same time he is isolated among his by truth and by his art but with this consolation in his pursuits that they will draw all men sooner or later for all men live by truth and stand in need of expression in love in art in in politics in labor in games we study to utter our painful secret the man is only half himself the other half is his expression notwithstanding this necessity to be published adequate expression is rare i know not how it is that we need an but the great majority of men seem to be who have not yet come into possession of their own or who cannot report the conversation they have had with nature there is no man who essay i does dot anticipate a utility in the sun and stars earth and water these stand and wait to render him a peculiar service but there is some or some excess of in our constitution which does not suffer them to yield the due effect too feeble fall the impressions of nature on us to make us artists every touch should thrill every man should be so much an artist that he could report in conversation what had befallen him yet in our experience the rays or have sufficient force to arrive at the senses but not enough to reach the quick and compel the of themselves in speech the poet is the person in whom these powers are in balance the man without who sees and handles that which others dream of the whole scale of experience nd is representative of man in virtue of being the largest power to receive and to impart for the universe has three children born at one time which under different names in every system of thought they be called cause operation and effect or more jove or the father the spirit and the son but which we will call here the the and the these stand for the love of truth for the love of good and for the love of beauty these three thk poet are equal each is that which he is essentially so that he cannot be surmounted or and each of these three has the power of the others latent in him and his own patent the poet is the the and represents beauty he is a sovereign and stands on the centre for the world is not painted or adorned but is from the beginning beautiful and god has not made some beautiful things but beauty is the creator of the therefore the poet is not any but is emperor in his own right criticism is with a cant of which that manual skill and activity is the first merit of all men and such as say and do not overlooking the fact that some men namely poets are natural sent into the world to the end of expression and them with those whose province is action but who quit it to imitate the but s words are as costly and admirable to as s are to the poet does not wait for the hero or the sage but as they act and think so he what will and must be spoken reckoning the others though also yet in respect to him and servants as or models in the of a painter or as who bring building materials to an essay i for poetry was all written before time was and whenever we are so finely organized that we can penetrate into that region where the air is music we hear those and attempt to write them down but we lose ever and anon a word or a verse and substitute something of our own and thus the poem the men of more delicate ear write down these more faithfully and these though imperfect become the songs of the nations for nature is as truly beautiful as it is good or as it is reasonable and must as much appear as it	37
must be done or be known words and deeds are quite indifferent modes of the divine energy words are also actions and actions are a kind of words the sign and of the poet are that he that which no man foretold he is the true and only doctor he knows and tells he is the only of news for he was present and to the appearance which he describes he is a of ideas and an of the necessary and for we do not speak now of men of poetical talents or of industry and skill in but of the true poet i took part in a conversation the other day concerning a recent writer of a man of subtle mind whose head appeared to be a music box of delicate tunes and and whose skill and command of language we the poet could not sufficiently praise but when the arose whether he was not only a but a poet we were obliged to confess that he is plainly a contemporary not an eternal man he does not stand out of our low like a under the line running up from a base through all the of the globe with of the of every latitude on its high and sides but this genius is the landscape garden of a modern house adorned with fountains and statues with well bred men and women standing and sitting in the walks and we hear through all the varied music the ground tone of conventional life our poets are men of talents who sing and not the children of music the argument is secondary the finish of the verses is for it is not but a making argument that makes a poem a thought so passionate and alive that like the spirit of a plant or an animal it has an architecture of its own and nature with a new thing the thought and the form are equal in the order of time but in the order of the thought is prior to the form the poet has a new thought he has a whole new to he will tell us how it was with him and all men will be the richer in his fortune for the experience of each new age requires a new confession and the world seems always k ay waiting for its poet i remember when i was young how much i was moved one morning by tidings that genius had appeared in a youth who sat near me at table he had left his work and gone rambling none knew whither and had written hundreds of lines but could not tell whether that which was in him was therein told he could tell nothing but that all was changed man beast heaven earth and sea how gladly we listened how society seemed to be we sat in the of a sunrise which was to put out all the stars boston seemed to be at twice the distance it had the night before or was much farther than that rome what was rome and were in the yellow leaf and no more should be heard of it is much to know that poetry has been written this very day under this very roof by your side what that wonderful spirit has not expired these stony moments are still sparkling and animated i had fancied that the were all silent and nature had spent her fires and behold all night from every pore these fine have been streaming every one has some interest in the advent of the poet and no one knows how much it may concern him we know that the secret of the world is profound but who or what shall be our we know not a the poet tain a new style of face a new person may put the key into our hands of course the value of genius to us is in the of its report talent may and genius and adds mankind in good earnest have availed so far in understanding themselves and their work that the foremost on the peak his news it is the truest word ever spoken and the phrase will be the most musical and the voice of the world for that time all that we call sacred history that the birth of a poet is the principal event in man never so often deceived still watches for the arrival of a brother who can hold steady to a truth until he has made it his own with what joy i begin to read a which i confide in as an inspiration and now my chains are to be broken i shall above these clouds and airs in which i live though they seem transparent and from the heaven of truth i shall see and comprehend my relations that will reconcile me to life and nature to see trifles animated by a tendency and to know what i am doing life will no more be a noise now i shall see men and women and know the signs by which they may be discerned from fools and this day shall be better than my birthday then i became an animal now i am invited into the science i of the real such is the hope but the is postponed oftener it falls that this winged man who will carry me into the heaven me into mists then leaps and about with me as it were from cloud to cloud still that he is bound and i being myself a am slow in perceiving that he does not know the way into the heavens and is merely bent that i should admire his skill to rise like a fowl or a flying fish a little way from the ground or the water but the all piercing all feeding and air of heaven that man shall never i tumble down again soon into my old	37
and lead the life of as before and have lost my faith in the possibility of any guide who can lead me thither where i would be but leaving these victims of vanity let us with new hope observe how nature by impulses has the poet s fidelity to his office of announcement and namely by the beauty of things which becomes a new and higher beauty when expressed nature all her creatures to him as a picture language being used as a type a second wonderful value appears in the object far better than its old value as the carpenter s stretched cord if you hold your ear close enough is musical in the breeze things more excellent than every image says axe expressed through images things admit the poet f being used as because nature is a symbol in the whole and in every part every line we can draw in the sand has expression and there is no body without its spirit or genius all form is an effect of character all condition of the quality of the life all harmony of health and for this reason a perception of beauty should be sympathetic or proper only to the good the beautiful rests on the foundations of the necessary the soul makes the body as the wise teaches so every spirit as it is more pure and hath in it the more of heavenly so it the fairer body doth procure to habit in and it more fairly with cheerful grace and amiable sight for of the soul the body form doth for soul is form and doth the body make here we find ourselves suddenly not in a critical speculation but in a holy place and should go ery and reverently we stand before the secret of the world there where being passes into appearance and unity into variety the universe is the of the soul wherever the life is that bursts into appearance around it our science is and therefore superficial the earth and the heavenly bodies and we treat as if they were self but these are the of i that being we have the mighty heaven said in its clear images of the splendor of intellectual being moved in with the periods of intellectual natures therefore science always goes abreast with the just elevation of the man keeping step with religion and or the state of science is an index of our since every thing in nature answers to a moral power if any phenomenon remains brute and dark it is because the corresponding faculty iu the observer is not yet active no wonder then if these waters be so deep that we over them with a religious regard the beauty of the fable proves the importance of the sense to the poet and to all others or if you please every man is so far a poet as to be susceptible of these of nature for have the thoughts whereof the universe is the i find that the fascination in the symbol who loves nature who does not is it only poets and men of leisure and cultivation who live with her no but also hunters farmers and though they express their affection in their choice of life and not in their choice of words the writer wonders what the coachman or the hunter in riding in horses and dogs it is not superficial qualities when the si talk with him he holds these at as slight a rate you his worship is sympathetic he has no r but he is commanded in nature by the f living power which he feels to be there present no imitation or playing of these things would content him he loves the earnest of the north wind of rain of stone and wood and iron a beauty not is dearer than a beauty which we can see to the end of it is nature the symbol nature the supernatural body by life which he with coarse but sincere rites the and mystery of this attachment drive men of every class to the use of the schools of poets and philosophers are not more with their than the with theirs in our political parties the power of and see the great ball which they roll from to hill in the political goes in a loom and in a shoe and in a ship witness the barrel the log cabin the the and all the of party see the power of national some stars lilies a a lion an eagle or other figure which came into credit god knows how on an old rag of blowing in the wind on a fort at the ends of the earth shall make the blood f essay i ii under the or the most j exterior the people fancy they hate poetry are all poets and beyond this of the language we are of the of this superior use of things whereby the world is a temple whose walls are covered with pictures and of the deity in this that there is no fact in nature which does not carry the whole sense of nature and the distinctions which we make in events and in affairs of low and high honest and base disappear when nature is used as a symbol thought makes every thing fit for use the of an man would embrace words and images excluded from polite conversation what would be base or even to the becomes illustrious spoken in a new connection of thought the piety of the hebrew their the is an example of the power of poetry to raise the low and offensive small and mean things serve as well as great the the type by which a law is expressed the more it is and the more lasting in the memories of men just as we choose the smallest box or case in which any needful can be carried bare lists of	37
words are found suggestive to an imaginative and ex mind as it is related of lord that thk was accustomed to read in s dictionary he was preparing to speak in parliament the poorest experience is rich enough for all the purposes of expressing thought why a knowledge of new facts day and night house and garden a few books a few actions serve us as well as would all trades and all spectacles we are far from having exhausted the significance of the few we use we can come to use them yet with a terrible simplicity it does not need that a poem should be long every word was once a poem every new relation is a new word also we use defects and to a sacred purpose expressing our sense that the evils of the world are such only to the evil eye in the old observe defects are ascribed to divine natures as to blindness to and the like to signify for as it is and from the of god that makes things ugly the poet who re things to nature and the whole even artificial things and of nature to nature by a deeper insight very easily of the most disagreeable facts readers of poetry see the factory village and the railway and fancy that the poetry of the landscape is broken up by these for these works of art are not yet consecrated in their reading but the poet sees them i fall within the great order not less than the b hive or the spider s web y them very fast into her vital circles and the gliding train of cars she loves like her own besides in a mind it nothing how many mechanical inventions you exhibit though add millions and never so surprising the fact of has not gained a grain s weight the spiritual fact remains by many or by few particulars as no mountain any height to break the curve of the sphere a shrewd country boy goes to the city for the first time and the complacent citizen is not satisfied with his little wonder it is not that he does not see all the fine houses and know that he never saw such re but he of them as easily as the poet finds place for the railway the chief value of the new fact is to the great and constant fact of life which can dwarf any and every circumstance and to which the belt of and the commerce of america are alike the world being thus put under the mind for and the poet is he who can articulate it for though life is great and and and though all men are intelligent of the through which it is named j et they cannot originally use them we are and workmen work and tools words the poet s ad things birth and death all are but te with the and being in with the economical uses of things we do not know that they are thoughts the poet by an intellectual perception gives them a power which makes their old use forgotten and puts eyes and a tongue into every dumb and object he the independence of the thought on the symbol the of the thought the and of the symbol as the eyes of were said to see through the earth so the poet turns the world to glass and shows us all things in their right series and procession for through that better perception he stands one step nearer to things and sees the flowing or that thought is that within the form of every creature is a force it to ascend into a higher form and following with his eyes the life uses the forms which express that life and so his speech flows with the flowing of nature all the facts of the animal economy sex birth growth are of the passage of the world into the soul of man to suffer there a change and a new and higher fact he uses forms according to the life and not according to the form this is true science the poet alone knows vegetation and animation for he does r essay i i not stop at these facts but them as sign he knows why the plain or meadow of space was with these flowers we call and and stars why the great deep is adorned with animals with men and gods for in every word he speaks he rides on them as the horses of thought by virtue of this science the poet is the or language maker things sometimes after their appearance sometimes after their essence and giving to every one its own name and not another s thereby rejoicing the intellect which delights in or boundary the poets made all the words and therefore language is the of history and if we must say it a sort of tomb of the for though the origin of most of our words is forgotten each word was at first a stroke of genius and obtained because for the moment it the world to the first speaker and to the the finds the word to have been once a brilliant picture language is poetry as the of the continent consists of infinite masses of the shells of so language is made up of images or which now in their secondary use have long ceased to remind us of their poetic origin but the poet names the thing because he sees it or comes one step nearer to it than any other this expression of is not the poet tt rt but a second nature grown out of the first i leaf out of a tree what we call nature is a tain self regulated motion or change and nature does all things by her own hands and does not leave another to her but herself and this	37
the divine animal who carries us through this world for if in any manner we can this instinct new passages are opened for us into nature the mind flows into and through things hardest and highest and the is possible this is the reason why love wine coffee tea the of and tobacco or whatever other of animal all men avail themselves of such means as they can to add this extraordinary power to their normal powers and to this end they essay i prize conversation music pictures theatres travelling war fires politics or love or science or animal which are several or finer for the true which is the ment of the intellect by coming nearer to the these are to the tendency c a man to his passage out into free space and the help him to escape the of that body i which he is pent up and of that jail yard of ind relations in which he is enclosed a great number of such as were e of beauty as painters poets and actors have been more than others wont to a life of pleasure and indulgence all but the fe who received the true and as it was a mode of freedom as it was an not into the heavens but into the of places they were punished for that they won by a and but never can any advantage be taken of nature b a trick the spirit of the world the great call presence of the creator comes hot forth to the so of or of wine the sublime comes to the pure and simple soul in a clean ar body that is not an inspiration which s owe to but some and fury milton says that the poet me the poet drink wine and live generously but the poet he who shall sing of the gods and their descent unto men must drink water out of a wooden bowl poetry is not wine but god s wine it is with this as it is with toys fill the hands and of our children with all manner of drums and horses withdrawing their eyes from the plain face and objects of nature the sun and moon the animals the water and stones which should be their toys so the poet s habit of living should be set on a key so low that the common influences should delight him his cheerfulness should be the gift of the sunlight the air should suffice for his inspiration and he should be with water that spirit which quiet hearts which seems to come forth to such from every dry of grass from every and half stone on which the dull march sun shines comes forth to the poor and hungry and such as are of simple taste if thou fill thy brain with boston and new york with fashion and and wilt thy senses with wine and french thou shalt find no radiance of wisdom in the lonely waste of the if the imagination the poet it is not in other men the in the an emotion of joy the use of has a certain power of and essay i for all men we seem to be to ached by a which makes us dance and run about happily like children we are like persons who come out of a cave or cellar into the open air this is the effect on us of and all poetic forms poets are thus gods men have really got a new sense and found within their world another world or nest of worlds for the once seen we divine that it does not stop i will not now consider how much this makes the charm of and the which also have their but it is felt in every definition as when space to be an immovable vessel in which things are contained or when a line to be a flowing point or figure to be a bound of solid and many the like what a joyful sense of freedom we have when the old opinion of artists that no can build any house well who does not know something of when in tells us that the soul is cured of its by certain and that these are beautiful reasons from which is in souls when calls the world an animal and that the plants also are animals or a man to be a heavenly tree growing with his root which is his head upward and as george him writes the poet so in our tree of man whose root in his top when speaks of as that white flower which marks extreme old age when calls the universe the statue of the intellect when in his praise of good blood in mean condition to fire which though carried to the darkest house this and the mount of will yet hold its natural office and burn as bright as if twenty thousand men did it behold when john saw in the the ruin of the world through evil and the stars fall from heaven as the her fruit when reports the whole catalogue of common daily relations through the of birds and beasts we take the cheerful hint of the immortality of our essence and its habit and escapes as when the say of themselves it is in vain to hang them they cannot die the poets are thus gods the ancient british had for the title of their order those who are free throughout the world they are free and they make free an imaginative book renders us much more service at first by us through its than when we arrive at the precise sense of the author i think nothing is of any value in books excepting the essay i and extraordinary if a man is and carried away by his thought to that degree that he forgets the authors and the public and only	37
this one dream which holds him like an insanity let me read his paper and you may have all the arguments and histories and criticism all the value which to or any other who questionable facts into his as angels devils magic and so on is the we have of departure from routine and that here is a new witness that also is the best success in conversation the magic of liberty which puts the world like a ball in our hands how cheap even the liberty then seems how mean to study when an emotion to the intellect the power to sap and nature how great the perspective nations times systems enter and disappear like threads in of large figure and many colors dream us to dream and while the lasts we will sell our bed our philosophy our religion in our there is good reason why we should prize this the fate of the poor shepherd who blinded and lost in the snow storm in a drift within a few feet of his cottage door is an emblem of the state of man on the brink of the the poet waters of life and truth we are miserably dying the of every thought but that we are in is wonderful what if you come near to it you are as remote when you are nearest as you are farthest every thought is also a prison every heaven is also a prison therefore we love the poet the who in any form whether in an or in an action or in looks and behavior has yielded us a new thought he our chains and admits us to a new scene this is dear to all men and the power to impart it as it must come from greater depth and scope of thought is a measure of intellect therefore all books of the imagination endure all which ascend to that truth that the writer sees nature beneath him and uses it as his every verse or sentence possessing this virtue will take care of its own immortality the of the world ar e the of a few imaginative men but the quality of the imagination is to flow and not to the poet did not stop at the color or the form but read meaning neither may he rest in this meaning but he makes the same objects of his new thought here is the difference the poet and the mystic that the last nails a symbol to one sense which was a true sense for a moment but soon becomes old and essay false for all are all language is and and is good as and horses are for conveyance not as farms and houses are for consists iu the mistake of an accidental and individual symbol for an universal one the morning happens to be the favorite to the eyes of jacob and comes to stand to him for truth and faith and he believes should stand for the same realities to every reader but the first reader prefers as naturally the symbol of a mother and child or a gardener and his or a a either of these or of a more are equally good to the person to whom they are significant only they must be held lightly and be very willingly translated into the equivalent terms which others use and the mystic must be steadily told all that you say is just as true without the tedious use of that symbol as with it let us have a little instead of this universal signs instead of these village and we shall both be the history of seems to show that all religious error consisted in making the symbol too and solid and at last nothing but an excess of the organ of language of all men in the recent ages stands eminently for the of nature into thought the poet i do know the man in history to whom things stood so uniformly for words before him the continually plays everything on which his eye rests the impulses of moral nature the become grapes whilst he eats them when some of his angels a truth the laurel which they held in their hands the noise which at a distance appeared like and on coming nearer was found to be the voice of the men in one of his visions seen in heavenly light appeared like and seemed in darkness but to each other they appeared as men and when the light from heaven shone into their cabin they complained of the darkness and were compelled to shut the window that they might see there was this perception in him which makes the poet or an object of awe and terror namely that the same man or society of men may wear one aspect to themselves and their companions and a different aspect to higher certain priests whom he describes as conversing very together appeared to the children who were at some distance like dead horses and many the like and instantly the mind whether these fishes under the bridge yonder oxen in the pasture those dogs in the yard are fishes oxen and dogs or only so essay appear to me and perchance to themselves appeal upright men and whether i appear as a man to all eyes the and the same question and if any poet has witnessed the he doubtless found it in harmony with various experiences we have all seen changes as considerable in wheat and he is the and shall draw us with love and terror who sees through the flowing the firm nature and can declare it i look in vain for the poet whom i describe we do not with sufficient or sufficient address ourselves to life nor dare we our own times and social circumstance if we filled the day with bravery we should not shrink from it time and nature yield	37
us many gifts but not yet the man the new religion the whom all things await s praise is that he dared to write his in colossal or into we have yet had no genius in america with eye which knew the value of our materials and saw in the and of the times another of the same gods whose picture he so much in then in the middle age then in banks and the newspaper and and are flat and dull to dull people the poet i but rest on the same foundations of wonder as the town of and the temple of and are as swiftly passing away our our and their politics our our and indians our and our the wrath of and the of honest men the northern trade the southern planting the western clearing and are yet yet america is a poem in our eyes its ample geography the imagination and it will not wait long for if i have not found that excellent combination of gifts in my countrymen which i seek neither could i aid myself to fix the idea of the poet by reading now and then in s collection of five centuries of english poets these are wits more than poets though there have been poets among them but when we to the ideal of the poet we have our difficulties even with milton and milton is too literary and too literal and historical but i am not wise enough for a national criticism and must use the old a little longer to discharge my errand from the muse to the poet concerning his art art is the path of the creator to his work the paths or methods are ideal and eternal though few men ever see them not the artist himself for years or for a lifetime unless he ome into the essay i conditions the painter the the the the orator all partake one desire namely to express themselves and abundantly not and they found or themselves in certain conditions as the painter and before some impressive human the orator into the assembly of the people and the others in such scenes as each has found exciting to his intellect and each presently feels the new desire he hears a voice he sees a then he is with wonder what herds of hem him in he can no more rest he says with the old painter by god it is m me and must go forth of me he a beauty half seen which flies before him the poet out verses in every solitude most of the things he says are conventional no doubt but by and by he says something which is original and beautiful that charms him he would say nothing else but such things in our way of talking we say that is yours this is mine but the poet knows well that it is not his that it is as strange and beautiful to him as to you he would fain hear the like eloquence at length once having tasted this immortal he cannot have enough of it and as an admirable power exists in these it is of the last importance that these things get spoken what a little of all we know ia the poet said what drops of all the sea of our science are up and by what accident it is that these are exposed when so many secrets sleep in nature hence the necessity of speech and song hence these and heart in the orator at the door of the assembly to the end namely that thought may be ejaculated as or word doubt not poet but persist say it is in me and shall out stand there and dumb and and stand and strive until at last rage draw out of thee that power which every night shows thee is thine own a power all limit and privacy and by virtue of which a man is the conductor of the whole river of nothing walks or or grows or exists which must not in turn arise and walk before him as of his meaning comes he to that power his genius is no longer all the creatures by pairs and by tribes pour into his mind as into a s ark to come forth again to people a new world this is like the stock of air for or for the of our fireplace not a measure of but the entire atmosphere if wanted and therefore the rich poets as and have obviously no limits to their works except the limits of their lifetime and resemble a mirror carried through the essay i street ready to render an image of every created thing o poet a new nobility is conferred in groves and pastures and not in castles or by the sword blade any longer the conditions are hard but equal thou shalt leave the world and know the muse only thou shalt not know any longer the times customs graces politics or opinions of men but shalt take all from the muse for the time of towns is from the world by but in nature the universal hours are counted by succeeding tribes of animals and plants and by growth of joy on joy god wills also that thou a manifold and life and that thou be content that others speak for thee others shall be thy gentlemen and shall represent all courtesy and worldly life for thee others shall do the great and actions also thou shalt lie close hid with nature and not be afforded to the or the exchange the world is full of and and this is thine thou must pass for a fool and a for a long season this is the screen and in which pan has protected his well beloved flower and thou shalt be known only to thine own and they shall console thee with tenderest love and	37
me is to know how shallow it is that like all the rest plays about the surface and never me into the reality for contact with which we would even pay the costly price of sons and lovers was it who found out that bodies never come in contact well souls never touch their objects an sea with silent waves between us and the things we aim at and converse with grief too will make us in the death of my son now more than two years ago i seem to have lost a beautiful estate no more i cannot get it nearer to me if to morrow i should be informed of the illusion of my principal the loss of my property would be a great inconvenience to me perhaps for many years but it would leave me as it found me neither better nor worse so is it with this calamity it does not touch me something which i fancied was a part of me which could not be torn away without tearing me nor enlarged without me falls oflf from me and leaves no it was i grieve that grief can teach me nothing nor carry me one step into real nature the indian who was laid under a curse that the wind should not blow on him nor water flow to him nor fire burn him is a type of us all the dearest events are summer rain and we the coats that shed every drop nothing is left us now but death we look to that with a grim satisfaction saying there at least is reality that will not us i take this and of all objects which lets them slip through our fingers then when we clutch hardest to be the most part of our condition nature does not like to be observed and likes that we should be her fools and we may have the sphere for our ball but not a for our philosophy direct strokes she never gave us power to make all our blows glance all our are ii experience our relations to each other are and casual dream us to dream and there is no end to illusion life is a train of moods like a string of beads and as we pass through them they prove to be many colored which paint the world their own hue and each shows only what lies in its from the mountain you see the mountain we what we can and we see only what we nature and books belong to the eyes that see them it depends on the mood of the man whether he shall see the sunset or the fine poem there are always and there is always genius but only a few hours so serene that we can relish nature or criticism the more or less depends on structure or temperament temperament is the iron wire on which the beads are strung of what use is fortune or talent to a cold and nature who cares what sensibility or a man has at some time shown if he falls asleep in his chair or if he laugh and or if he or is with or thinks of his dollar or cannot go by food or has gotten a child in his boyhood of what use is genius if the organ is too or too and cannot find a distance within the actual horizon of temperament human life of what use if the brain is too cold or too hot and the man does not care enough for results to him to experiment and hold him up in it or if the web is too finely woven too irritable by pleasure and pain so that life from too much reception without due outlet of what use to make heroic vows of if the same old law is to keep them what cheer can the religious sentiment yield when that is suspected to be secretly dependent on the seasons of the year and the state of the blood i knew a witty physician who found the creed in the and used to affirm that if there was disease in the liver the man became a and if that organ was sound he became a very is the reluctant experience that some excess or the promise of genius we see young men who owe us a new world so readily and they promise but they never the debt they die young and the account or if they live they lose themselves in the crowd temperament also enters fully into the system of illusions and us in a prison of glass which we cannot see there is an illusion about every person we meet in truth they are all creatures of given temperament which will appear in a given character whose boundaries they will never essay ii experience pass but we look at them they alive and we presume there is impulse in them in the moment it seems impulse in the year in the lifetime it turns out to be a certain uniform tune which the revolving barrel of the music box must play men resist the conclusion in the morning but adopt it as the evening wears on that temper everything of time place and condition and is in in the flames of religion some the moral sentiment to impose but the individual texture holds its dominion if not to bias the moral judgments yet to fix the measure of activity and of enjoyment i thus express the law as it is read from the platform of ordinary life but must not leave it without noticing the capital exception for temperament is a power which no man willingly hears any praise but himself on the platform of we cannot resist the influences of so called science temperament puts all divinity to know the mental of i hear the chuckle of the and slave drivers they esteem each man	37
the victim of another who winds him round his finger by knowing the law of his being and by such cheap as the color of his beard or the slope of his reads the of his fortunes and character the ignorance temperament does not disgust like this impudent the say they are not but they are spirit is matter reduced to an extreme o so thin but the definition of spiritual should be that which is its own evidence what notions do they attach to love what to religion one would not willingly pronounce these words in their hearing and give them the occasion to profane them i saw a gracious gentleman who his conversation to the form of the head of the man he talks with i had fancied that the value of life lay in its inscrutable possibilities in the fact that i never know in addressing myself to a new individual what may befall me i carry the keys of my castle in my hand ready to throw them at the feet of my lord whenever and in what disguise he shall appear i know he is in the neighborhood hidden among shall i my future by taking a high seat and kindly my conversation to the shape of heads when i come to that the doctors shall buy me for a cent but sir medical history the report to the the facts i distrust the facts and the temperament is the or power in the constitution very justly applied to restrain an opposite excess in the constitution but offered as a oar to original when virtue is in presence es at ii experience all subordinate powers sleep on its own level oi in view of nature temperament is final i see not if one be once caught in this trap of so called any escape for the man from the links of the chain of physical necessity given such an such a history must follow on this platform one lives in a of and would soon come to suicide but it is impossible that the power should itself into every intelligence there is a door which is never closed through which the creator passes the intellect of absolute truth or the heart lover of absolute good for our and at one whisper of these high powers we awake from ineffectual struggles with this nightmare we it into its own hell and cannot again contract ourselves to so base a state the secret of the is in the necessity of a succession of moods or objects gladly we would anchor but the is this onward trick of nature is too strong for us si when at night i look at the moon and stars i seem stationary and they to hurry our love of the real draws us to but health of body consists in circulation and of mind in variety or facility of association we need change of objects to one thought is quickly odious we house with the insane and must humor them then conversation dies out once i took such delight in that thought i should not need any other book before that in then in then in time in bacon afterwards in even in but now i turn the pages of either of them languidly whilst i still cherish their genius so with pictures each will bear an emphasis of attention once which it cannot retain though we fain would continue to be pleased in that manner how strongly i have felt of pictures that when you have seen one well you must take your leave of it you shall never see it again i have had good lessons from pictures which i have since seen without emotion or remark a must be made from the opinion which even the wise express on a new book or occurrence their opinion gives me tidings of their mood and some vague guess at the new fact but is to be trusted as the lasting relation between that intellect and that thing the child asks mamma why don t i like the story as well as when you told it me yesterday alas child it is even so with the oldest of knowledge but will it answer thy question to say because thou born to a whole and this story is a particular the reason of the pain this discovery causes us and we make it late at ii experience in respect to works of art and intellect is the of tragedy which murmurs from it in regard to persons to friendship and love that and absence of which we find in the arts we find with more pain in the artist there is no power of in men our friends early appear to us as representatives of certain ideas which they never pass or exceed they stand on the brink of the ocean of thought and power but they never take the single step that would bring them there a man is like a bit of which has no lustre as you turn it in your hand until you come to a particular angle then it shows deep and beautiful colors there is no universal in men but each has his special talent and the mastery of successful men consists in keeping themselves where and when that turn shall be to be practised we do what we must and call it by the best names we can and would fain have the praise of having intended the result which i cannot recall any form of man who is not superfluous sometimes but is not this pitiful life is not worth the taking to do tricks in of course it needs the whole society to give the we seek the colored wheel must very fast to appear white something is learned too by conversing with so much folly and defect in fine whoever loses we are always of the gaining party divinity is	37
behind our failures and follies also the plays of children are nonsense but very nonsense so it is with the largest and things with commerce government church marriage and so with the history of every man s bread and the ways by which he is to come by it like a bird which nowhere but perpetually from bough to bough is the power which in no man and in no woman but for a moment speaks from this one and for another moment from that one but what help from these or what help from thought life is not we i think in these times have had lessons enough of the of criticism our young people have thought and written much on labor and reform and for all that they have written neither the world nor themselves have got on a step intellectual of life will not muscular activity if a man should consider the of the passage of a piece of bread down his throat he would starve at education farm the noblest theory of life sat on the noblest figures of young men and maidens quite powerless and melancholy it would not or pitch a ton of hay it would not rub down a horse and the es at u men and maidens it left pale and hungry a political orator our party promises to western roads which opened stately enough with planted trees on either side to tempt the traveller but soon became narrow and and ended in a track and ran up a tree so does culture with us it ends in headache sad and barren does life look to those who a few months ago were dazzled with the splendor of the promise of the times there is now no longer any right course of action nor any self devotion left among the objections and criticism we have had our fill of there are objections to every course of life and action and the practical wisdom an from the of objection the whole frame of things do not yourself with thinking but go about your business anywhere life is not intellectual or critical but sturdy its chief good is for people who can enjoy what they find without question nature hates peeping and our mothers speak her very sense when they say children eat your and say no more of it to fill the hour that is happiness to fill the hour and leave no for a repentance or an approval we amid and the true art of life is to well on them under the i oldest a man of native force just as well as in the world and that by skill of handling and treatment he can take hold anywhere life itself is a mixture of power and form and will not bear the least excess of either to finish the moment to find the journey s end in every step of the road to live the greatest number of good hours is wisdom it is not the part of men but of or of if you will to say that the of life considered it is not worth caring whether for so short a duration we were in want or sitting high since our office is with moments let us husband them five minutes of to day are worth as much to me as five minutes in the next let us be poised and wise and our own to day let us treat the men and women well treat them as if they were real perhaps they are men live in their fancy like whose are too soft and tremulous for successful labor it is a tempest of fancies and the only i know is a respect to the present hour without any shadow of doubt amidst this of shows and politics i settle myself ever the firmer in the creed that we should not and refer and wish but do broad justice where we are by we deal with accepting our actual companions and circumstances however humble or odious ii experience as the mystic officials to whom the universe has its whole pleasure for us if these are mean and malignant their contentment which is the last victory of justice is a more satisfying echo to the heart than the voice of poets and the casual sympathy of admirable persons i think that however a thoughtful man may from the defects and of his company he cannot without affectation deny to any set of men and women a sensibility to extraordinary merit the coarse and frivolous have an instinct of superiority if they have not a sympathy and honor it in their blind capricious way with sincere homage the fine young people despise life but in me and in such as with me are free from and to whom a day is a sound and solid good it is a great excess of politeness to look scornful and to cry for company i am grown by sympathy a little eager and sentimental but leave me alone and i should relish every hour and what it brought me the of the day as heartily as the oldest gossip in the bar room i am thankful for small i compared notes with one of my friends who expects everything of the universe and is disappointed when anything is less than the best and i found that i begin at the other extreme expecting nothing and am always full of thanks fo moderate goods i accept the and surface of contrary tendencies i find my account in and also they give a reality to the picture which such a vanishing appearance can ill spare in the morning i awake and find the old world wife and mother and boston the dear old spiritual world and even the dear old devil not far oflf if we will take the good we find asking no questions we shall have measures the great gifts are	37
not got by analysis everything good is on the highway the middle region of our being is the temperate we may climb into the thin and cold realm of pure and lifeless science or sink into that of sensation between these extremes is the of life of thought of spirit of poetry a narrow belt moreover in popular experience everything good is on the highway a into all the picture shops of europe for a landscape of a sketch of but the the last judgment the communion of st and what are as as these are on the walls of the the or the where every footman may see them to say nothing of nature s pictures in every street of and every day and the of the human body never absent a recently bought ai public in london for one hundred and ess t ii experience ty seven guineas an of but for nothing a school boy can read hamlet and detect secrets of highest yet therein i think i will never read any but the commonest books the bible and milton then we are impatient of so public a life and planet and run hither and thither for and secrets the imagination delights in the of indians and bee hunters we fancy that we are strangers and not so intimately in the planet as the wild man and the wild beast and bird but the reaches them also reaches the climbing flying gliding and four footed man fox and hawk and and when nearly seen have no more root in the deep world than man and are just such superficial tenants of the globe then the new philosophy shows and shows that the world is all outside it has no inside the mid world is best nature as we know her is no saint the lights of the church the and corn she does not distinguish by any favor she comes eating and drinking and her the great the strong the beautiful are not children of our law do not come out of the sunday school nor weigh i surface their food nor keep the if we will be strong with her strength we must not harbor such borrowed too from the of other nations we must set up the strong present tense against all the of wrath past or to come so many things are unsettled which it is of the first importance to settle and their settlement we will do as we do whilst the debate goes forward on the of commerce and will not be closed for a century or two new and old england may keep shop law of and is to be discussed and in the we will sell our books for the most we can of literature reason of literature of writing down a thought is questioned much is to say on both sides and while the fight hot thou dearest scholar stick to thy foolish task add a line every hour and between add a line right to hold land right of property is disputed and the and before the vote is taken dig away in your garden and spend your as a or to all serene and beautiful purposes life itself is a and a and a sleep within a sleep grant it and as much more as they will but thou god s darling heed thy private dream thou wilt not be missed in the and there are essay ii enough of them stay there in thy closet and tou until the rest are agreed what to do about it thy sickness they say and thy habit require that thou do this or avoid that but know that thy ufe is a flitting state a tent for a night and do thou sick or well finish that thou art sick but shall not be worse and the universe which holds thee dear shall be the better human life is made up of the two elements power and form and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound each of these elements in excess makes a mischief as as its defect everything runs to excess every good quality is if and to carry the danger to the edge of ruin nature causes each man s peculiarity to here among the farms we the scholars as examples of this treachery they are nature s victims of expression you who see the artist the orator the poet too near and find their life no more excellent than that of or farmers and themselves victims of partiality very hollow and haggard and pronounce them failures not heroes but conclude very reasonably that these arts are not for man but are disease yet nature will not bear you out irresistible nature made men such and makes more of such every day you love the boy reading in a surprise book gazing at a drawing or a cast yet what are these millions who read and behold but writers and add a little more of that quality which now reads and sees aud they will seize the pen and and if one remembers how innocently he began to be an artist he that nature joined with his enemy a man is a golden impossibility the line he must walk is a hair s breadth the wise through excess of wisdom is made a fool how easily if fate would suffer it we might keep forever these beautiful limits and ourselves once for all to the perfect calculation of the kingdom of known cause and effect in the street and in the newspapers life appears so plain a business that manly resolution and to the table through all will success but ah presently comes a day or is it only a half hour with its angel whispering which the conclusions of nations and of years to morrow again every thing looks real and	37
the habitual standards are common sense is as rare as genius is the basis of genius and experience is hands and feet to every enterprise and yet he who should do his business on this understanding would be quickly power keeps quite another road than the essay ii experience of choice and will namely the and invisible and channels of life it is ridiculous that we are and doctors and considerate people there are no like these life is a series of surprises and would not be worth taking or keeping if it were not god delights to us every day and hide from us the past and the future we would look about us but with grand politeness he draws down before us an impenetrable screen of purest sky and another behind us of purest sky you will not remember he seems to say and you will not expect all good conversation manners and action come from a which forgets and makes the moment great nature hates her methods are and impulsive man lives by our movements are such and the and ethereal agents are and alternate and the mind goes on and never but by fits we by our chief experiences have been casual the most attractive class of people are those who are powerful and not by the direct stroke men of genius but not yet one gets the cheer of their light without paying too great a tax theirs is the beauty of the bird or the morning light and not of art in the thought of genius there is always a surprise and the moral sentiment surprise w well called the for it is never other as new to the oldest intelligence as to the young child the kingdom that without observation in like manner for practical success there must not be too much design a man will not be observed in doing that which he can do best there is a certain magic about his action which your powers of observation so that though it is done before you you not of it the art of life has a and will not be exposed every man is an impossibility until he is born every thing impossible until we see a success the of piety agree at last with the that nothing is of us or our works that all is of god nature will not spare us the smallest leaf of laurel all writing comes by the grace of god and all doing and having i would gladly be moral and keep due and bounds which i dearly love and allow the most to the will of man but i have set my heart on honesty in this chapter and i can see nothing at last in success or failure than more or less of vital force supplied from the eternal the results of life are and the years teach much which the days never know the persons who compose our company converse and come and go and design and execute many things and somewhat comes of it all but an for result essay u experience the individual is always mistaken he designed many things and drew in other persons as quarrelled with some or all much and something is done all are a little advanced but the individual is always mistaken it turns out somewhat new and very unlike what he promised himself the struck with this of the elements of human life to calculation exalted chance into a divinity but that is to stay too long at the spark which truly at one point but the universe is warm with the of the same fire the miracle of life which will not be but will remain a miracle a new element in the growth of the sir home i think noticed that the was not from one central point but from three or more points life has no memory that which proceeds in succession might be remembered but that which is or ejaculated from a deeper cause as yet far from being conscious knows not its own tendency so is it with us now or without unity because in forms and effects all seeming to be of equal yet hostile value and now religious whilst in the reception of spiritual law bear with these with this growth of the parts they will one day be members and obey one will on that one will on that secret cause they nail our attention and hope life is melted into an expectation or a religion underneath the and trivial particulars is a musical perfection the ideal always with us the heaven without rent or do but observe the mode of our illumination when i converse with a profound mind or if at any time being alone i have good thoughts i do not at once arrive at as when being thirsty i drink water or go to the fire being cold no but i am at first of my vicinity to a new and excellent region of life by to read or to think this region gives further sign of itself as it were in flashes of light in sudden discoveries of its profound beauty and repose as if the clouds that covered it parted at intervals and showed the approaching traveller the inland mountains with the tranquil eternal meadows spread at their base whereon flocks and pipe and dance but every insight from this realm of thought is felt as and promises a i do not make it i arrive there and behold what was there already i make o no i clap my hands in joy and amazement before the first opening to me of this august magnificence old with the love and homage of innumerable ages essay u experience young with the life of life the of the desert and what a future it opens i feel a new heart beating with the love	37
of the new beauty i am ready to die out of nature and be born again into this new yet america i have found in the west since neither now nor yesterday began these thoughts which have been ever nor yet can a man be found who their first entrance knew if i have described life as a of moods i must now add that there is that in us which changes not and which ranks all sensations and states of mind the consciousness in each man is a sliding scale which him now with the first cause and now with the flesh of his body life above life in infinite degrees the sentiment from which it sprung the dignity of any deed and the question ever is not what you have done or but at whose command you have done or it fortune muse holy ghost these are quaint names too narrow to cover this unbounded substance the baffled intellect must still kneel before this cause which refuses to be named cause which every fine genius has to represent by some emphatic symbol as by water by air reality by thought by fire and the by love and the of each has become a national religion the chinese has not been the least successful in his i fully understand language he said and well my vast flowing vigor i beg to ask what you call vast flowing vigor said his companion the explanation replied is difficult this vigor is great and in the highest degree it correctly and do it no injury and it will fill up the between heaven and earth this vigor with and justice and reason and leaves no hunger in our more correct writing we give to this the name of being and thereby confess that we have arrived as far as we can go suffice it for the joy of the universe that we have not arrived at a wall but at interminable our life seems not present so much as not for the on which it is wasted but as a hint of this vast flowing vigor most of life seems to be mere advertisement of faculty information is given us not to sell ourselves cheap that we are very great so in particulars our greatness is always in a tendency or direction not in an action it is for us to believe in the rule not in the exception the noble are thus known from the so in accepting the leading of the essay ii experience sentiments it is not what we believe the immortality of the soul or the like but the to believe that is the material circumstance and is the principal fact in the history of the globe shall we describe this cause as that which works directly the spirit is not helpless or need ful of organs it has plentiful powers and direct effects i am explained without explaining i am felt without acting and where i am not therefore all just persons are satisfied with their own praise they refuse to explain themselves and are content that new actions should do them that office they believe that we communicate without speech and above speech and that no right action of ours is quite to our friends at whatever distance for the influence of action is not to be measured by miles why should i fret myself because a circumstance has occurred which my presence where i was expected if i am not at the meeting my presence where i am should be as useful to the of friendship and wisdom as would be my presence in that place i exert the same quality of power in all places thus journeys the mighty ideal before us it never was known to fall into the rear no man ever came to an experience which was but his good is tidings of a better onward and onward in moments we know that a new picture subject or the one of life an duty is already possible the elements already exist in many minds around you of a of life which shall any written record we have the new statement will the as well as the of society and out of a creed shall be formed for are not or s but are of the statement and the new philosophy must take them in and make outside of them just as much as it must include the oldest it is very unhappy but too late to be helped the discovery we have made that we exist that discovery is called the fall of man ever afterwards we suspect our instruments we have learned that we do not see directly but and that we have no means of these colored and which we are or of the amount of their errors perhaps these have a power perhaps there are no objects once we lived in what we saw now the of this new power which to all things us nature art persons letters objects tumble in and god is but one of its ideas nature and literature are phenomena every evil and every good thing is a shadow which w essay ii experience cast the street is full of to the proud as the contrived to dress his in his livery and make them wait on his guests at table so the which the bad heart gives off as at once take form as ladies and gentlemen in the street or bar in hotels and threaten or insult whatever is and in us tis the same with our people forget that it is the eye which makes the horizon and the mind s eye which makes this or that man a type or representative of humanity with the name of hero or saint the man is a good man on whom many people are agreed that these laws shall take effect by love on one	37
part and by forbearance to press objection on the other part it is for a time settled that we will look at him in the centre of the horizon and to him the properties that will attach to man so seen but the longest love or aversion has a speedy term the great and self rooted in absolute nature all relative existence and ruins the kingdom of mortal friendship and love marriage in what is called the spiritual world is impossible because of the between every subject and every object the subject is the of and at every comparison must feel his being by that might though subject or the one not in energy yet by presence this magazine oi substance cannot be otherwise than felt nor can any force of intellect attribute to the object the proper deity which sleeps or wakes forever in every subject never can love make consciousness and equal in force there will be the same gulf between every me and thee as between the original and the picture the universe is the bride of the soul all private sympathy is partial two human beings are like which can touch only in a point and whilst they remain in contact all other points of each of the are their turn must also come and the longer a particular union lasts the more energy of the parts not in union acquire life will be but cannot be divided nor doubled any invasion of its unity would be chaos the soul is not twin born but the only and though revealing itself as child in time child in appearance is of a fatal and universal power admitting no co life every day every act the ill concealed deity we believe in ourselves as we do not believe in others we permit all things to ourselves and that which we call sin in others is experiment for us it is an instance of our faith in ourselves that men never speak of as lightly as they think or every man thinks a latitude safe for himself which is essay ii experience to be indulged to another the act looks very differently on the inside and on the outside in its quality and in its consequences murder in the murderer is no such thought as poets and will have it it does not him or fright him from his ordinary notice of trifles it is an act quite easy to be contemplated but in its it turns out to be a horrible and of all relations especially the crimes that spring from love seem right and fair from the actor s point of view but when acted are found destructive of society no man at last believes that he can be lost nor that the crime in him is as black as in the because the intellect in our own case the moral judgments for there is no crime to the intellect that is or and judges law as well as fact it is worse than a crime it is a blunder said napoleon speaking the language of the intellect to it the world is a problem in or the science of quantity and it leaves out praise and blame and all weak emotions all stealing is comparative if you come to pray who does not steal saints are sad because they behold sin even when they from the point of view of the conscience and not of the intellect a confusion of thought sin seen from the thought is a or less seen from the conscience subject or the one or will it is or bad the intellect names it shade absence of light and no essence the con science must feel it as essence essential evil this it is not it has an existence but no thus inevitably does the universe wear our color and every object fall into the subject itself the subject exists the subject all things sooner or later fall into place as i am so i see use what language we will we can never say any thing but what we are are the mind s ministers instead of feeling a poverty when we encounter a great man let us treat the new comer like a travelling who passes through our estate and shows us good slate or or in our brush pasture the partial action of each strong mind in one direction is a for the objects on which it is pointed but every other part of knowledge is to be pushed to the same extravagance ere the soul her due do you see that chasing so prettily her own tail if you could look with her eyes you might see her surrounded with hundreds of figures performing complex with tragic and comic issues long conversations many characters many and downs of fate and meantime it is only and her tail how long before essay u will end its noise of laugh ter and shouting and we shall find it was a solitary performance a subject and an object it takes so much to make the circuit complete but magnitude adds nothing what it whether it is and the sphere and america a reader and his book or with her tail it is true that all the and love and religion hate these and will find a way to punish the who in the parlor e secrets of the and we cannot say to little of our constitutional necessity of seeing things under private aspects or with our and yet is the god the native of these bleak rocks that need makes in morals the capital virtue of self trust we must hold hard to this poverty however scandalous and by more vigorous after the of action possess our more firmly the life of truth is cold and so far mournful but it is not the slave of tears and it does not attempt another s work nor adopt	37
another s facts it is a main lesson of wisdom to know your own from another s i have learned that i cannot dispose of other people s facts but i possess such a key to my own as me against all their that they also have a key to theirs a sympathetic person is placed in the of a among drowning men who all catch at him and if he give so much as a leg or a finger they will drown him they wish to be saved from the of their vices but not from their vices charity would be wasted on this poor waiting on the symptoms a wise and hardy physician will say come out of that as the first condition of advice in this our talking america we are ruined by our good nature and listening on all sides this compliance takes away the power of being greatly useful a man should not be able to look other than directly and a attention is the only answer to the of other people an attention and to an aim which makes their wants frivolous this is a divine answer and leaves no appeal and no hard thoughts in s drawing of the of whilst the sleep on the threshold the face of the god expresses a shade of regret and compassion but calm with the conviction of the of the two he is born into other politics into the eternal and beautiful the man at his feet asks for his interest in of the earth into which his nature enter and the there lying express this dis essay u the god is with his divine des tiny illusion temperament succession surface surprise reality these are threads on the loom of time these are the lords of life i dare not assume to give their order but i name them as i find them in my way i know better than to claim any completeness for my picture i am a fragment and this is a fragment of me i can very confidently announce one or another law which throws itself into relief and form but i am too young yet by some ages to a code i gossip for my hour concerning the eternal politics i have seen many fair pictures not in vain a wonderful time i have lived in i am not the i was fourteen nor yet seven years ago let who will ask where is the fruit i find a private fruit sufficient this is a fruit that i should not ask for a rash effect from meditations counsels and the of truths i should feel it pitiful to demand a result on this town and county an effect on the instant month and year the is deep and as the cause it works on periods in which mortal lifetime is lost all i know is reception i am and i but i do not get and when i have fancied i had gotten anything i found i did not i worship with wonder the great fortune my reception has been so large that i am not annoyed by receiving this or that i say to the genius if he will pardon the proverb in for a mill in for a million when i receive a new gift i do not my body to make the account square for if i should die i could not make the account square the benefit the merit the first day and has the merit ever since the merit itself so called i reckon part of the receiving also that after an or practical effect seems to me an in good earnest i am willing to spare this most unnecessary deal of doing life wears to me a visionary face hardest action is visionary also it is but a choice between soft and turbulent dreams people knowing and the intellectual life and urge doing i am very content with knowing if only i could know that is an august entertainment and would me a great while to know a little would be worth the expense of this world i hear always the law of that every soul which had acquired any truth should be safe from harm until another period i know that the world i converse with in the city and in the farms is not the world i think i u observe that and shall observe it one day i shall know the value and law of this dis but i have not found that much was gained by attempts to realize the world of thought many eager persons make an experiment in this way and make themselves ridiculous they acquire manners they foam at the mouth they hate and deny worse i observe that in the history of mankind there is never a solitary example of success taking their own of success i say this or in reply to the inquiry why not realize your world but far be from me the despair which the law by a paltry since there never was a right endeavor but it succeeded patience and patience we shall win at the last we must be very suspicious of the of the element of time it takes a good deal of time to eat or to sleep or to earn a hundred dollars and a very little time to entertain a hope and an insight which becomes the light of our life we dress our garden eat our dinners discuss the household with our wives and these things make no impression are forgotten next week but in the solitude to which every man is always returning he has a and revelations which in his passage into new worlds he will carry with him experience mind the ridicule never mind tb defeat ain old heart it seems to say there is y yet for all justice and the true romance the world	37
exists to realize will be the of genius into practical power i character the set but set not his hope t stars rose his faith was earlier up fixed on the enormous deeper and older seemed his eye and matched his sublime the of time he spoke and words more soft than rain brought the age of gk ld again his action won such reverence as hid all measure of the eat work hand he nor nor for itself the fact a nature h r every act essay iii character i have read that those who listened to lord felt that there was something finer in the man than any thing which he said it has been complained of our brilliant english historian of the french revolution that when he has told his facts about they do not justify his estimate of his genius the and others of s heroes do not in the record of facts equal their own fame sir philip the earl of sir walter are men of great figure and of few deeds we cannot find the smallest part of the personal weight of washington in the narrative of his exploits the authority of the name of is too great for his books this of the reputation to the works or the anecdotes is not accounted for by saying that the is longer than the thunder clap but somewhat resided in these men which an ui expectation that all their performance the largest part of their power was latent this is that which we call character a reserved force which acts directly by presence and without means it is conceived of as a certain force a familiar or by whose impulses the man is guided but whose counsels he cannot impart which is company for him so that such men are often solitary or if they chance to be social do not need society but can entertain themselves very well alone the purest literary talent appears at one time great at another time small but character is of a and greatness what others effect by talent or by eloquence this man by some half his strength he put not forth his are by demonstration of superiority and not by crossing of he because his arrival the face of affairs o how did you know that was a god because answered i was content the moment my eyes fell on him when i beheld i desired that i might see him offer battle or at least guide his horses in the chariot race but did not wait for a contest he conquered whether he stood or walked or sat or whatever thing he did man ordinarily a to events only half attached and that awkwardly tc the world he lives in in these examples appears to share the life of things and to be an expression of the same laws which control the tides and the sun numbers and quantities but to use a more modest illustration and nearer home i observe that in our political where this element if it appears at all can only occur in its form we sufficiently understand its rate the people know that they need in their representative much more than talent namely the power to make his talent trusted they cannot come af their ends by sending to a learned acute and speaker if he be not one who before he was appointed by the people to represent them was appointed by almighty god to stand for a fact persuaded of that fact in himself so that the most confident and the most violent persons learn that here is resistance on which both impudence and terror are wasted namely faith in a fact the men who carry their points do not need to inquire of their what they should say but are themselves the country which they represent nowhere are its emotions or opinions so instant md true as in them nowhere so pure from a selfish the at home to their words watches the color of their cheek and therein as in a glass dresses its own our public in are pretty good of manly force our frank countrymen of the west and south have a taste for character and like to know whether the new is a substantial man or whether the hand can pass through him the same motive force appears in trade there are in trade as well as in war or the state or letters and the reason why this or that man is fortunate is not to be told it lies in the man that is all anybody can tell you about it see him and you will know as easily why he as if you see napoleon you would comprehend his fortune in the new objects we recognize the old game the habit of the fact and not dealing with it at second hand through the of somebody else nature seems to trade as soon as you see the natural merchant who appears not so much a private agent as her and minister of commerce his natural with his insight into the fabric of society to put him above tricks and he to all his own faith that are of no private interpretation the habit of his mind is a reference to standards of natural and public advantage and he respect and the wish to deal with him both for the quiet spirit of honor which him and for the intellectual which the spectacle of so much ability affords this immensely stretched trade which makes the of the southern ocean his and the atlantic sea his familiar port in his brain only and nobody in the universe can make his place good in his parlor i see very well that he has been at hard work this morning with that brow and that settled humor which all his desire to be courteous cannot shake o f	37
i see plainly how many firm acts have been done how many have this day been spoken when others would have uttered i see with the pride of art and skill of and power of remote combination the consciousness of being an agent and of the original laws of the world he too believes that none can supply him and that a man must be born to trade or he cannot learn it this virtue draws the mind more when it appears in action to ends not so mixed it works with most energy in the smallest companies and in private relations in all cases it is an extraordinary and agent the excess of physical strength is by it higher natures lower ones by affecting them with a certain sleep the faculties are locked up and offer no resistance perhaps that is the universal law when the high cannot bring up the low to itself essay lu it it as man charms down the resistance of the lower animals men exert on each other a similar power how often has the influence of a true master realized all the tales of magic a river of command seemed to run down from his eyes into all those who beheld him a torrent of strong sad light like an or which pervaded them with his thoughts and colored all events with the hue of his mind what means did you employ was the question asked of the wife of in regard to her treatment of mary of and the answer was only that influence which every strong mind has over a weak one cannot caesar in irons off the irons and transfer them to the person of or the is an iron so a bond suppose a on the coast of guinea should take on board a gang of which should contain persons of the stamp of l or let us fancy under these he has a gang of in chains when they arrive at will the relative order of the ship s company be the same is there nothing but rope and iron is there no love no reverence is there never a glimpse of right in a poor slave captain s mind and cannot these be available to break o or or in any manner the of an inch or two of iron ring character this is a natural power like light and heat and all nature with it the reason why we feel one man s presence and do not feel another s is as simple as gravity truth is the summit of being justice is the application of it to affairs all individual natures stand in a scale according to the purity of this element in them the will of the pure runs down from them into other natures as water runs down from a higher into a lower vessel this natural force is no more to be than any other natural force we can drive a stone upward for a moment into the air but it is yet true that all stones will forever fall and whatever instances can be quoted of or of a lie which somebody justice must prevail and it is the privilege of truth to make itself believed character is this moral order seen through the medium of an individual nature an individual is an time and space liberty and necessity truth and thought are left at large no longer now the universe is a or pound all things exist in the man tinged with the man of his soul with what quality is in him he all nature that he can reach nor does he tend to lose himself in but at how long a curve all his regards return into his own good at last he all he can and he sees only what he he the world hi as the does his country as a material basis for his character and a theatre for action a soul stands united with the just and the true as the itself with the pole so that he stands to all like a transparent object them and the sun and journeys towards the sun journeys towards that person he is thus the medium of the highest influence to all who are not on the same level thus men of character are the conscience of the society to which they belong the natural measure of this power is the resistance of circumstances men consider life as it is reflected in opinions events and persons they cannot see the action it is done yet its moral element in the actor and its quality as right or wrong it was easy to everything in nature is or has a positive and negative pole there is a male and a female a spirit and a fact a north and a south spirit is the positive the event is the negative will is the north action the south pole character may be as having its natural place in the north it shares the currents of the system the feeble souls are drawn to the south or negative pole they look at the profit or hurt of the action they never behold a principle until it is lodged in a person they do not wish to be lovely but to be character loved men of character like to hear of their faults the other class do not like to hear of faults they worship events secure to them a fact a connection a certain chain of circumstances and they will no more the hero sees that the event is it must follow him a given order of events has no power to secure to him the satisfaction which the imagination to it the soul of goodness escapes from any set of circumstances whilst prosperity belongs to a certain mind and will introduce that power and victory which is its natural fruit into any order of events no change of circumstances	37
can repair a defect of character we boast our from many but if we have broken any it is through a transfer of the what have i gained that i no longer a bull to jove or to or a mouse to that i do not tremble before the or the catholic or the if i at opinion the public opinion as we call it or at the threat of assault or or bad neighbors or poverty or or at the of revolution or of murder if i what matters it what i at our proper vice takes form in one or another shape according to the sex age or temperament of the person and if we are capable of fear will readily find terrors the essay iii or the which me when i it to society is my own i am always by myself on the other part is a perpetual victory celebrated not by cries of joy but by serenity which is joy fixed or habitual it is disgraceful to fly to events for confirmation of our truth and worth the does not run every hour to the to coin his advantages into current money of the realm he is satisfied to read in the of the market that his stocks have risen the same which the occurrence of the best events in the best order would occasion me i must learn to purer in the perception that my position is every hour and does already command those events i desire that exultation is only to be checked by the foresight of an order of things so excellent as to throw all our into the deepest shade the face which character wears to me is i the person who is riches so that i cannot think of him as alone or poor or or unhappy or a but as perpetual patron benefactor and man character is the impossibility of being or a man should give us a sense of mass society is frivolous and its day into scraps its conversation into ceremonies and escapes but if i go to see an ingenious man i shall think myself poorly entertained if he give me pieces of benevolence and etiquette rather he shall stand stoutly in his place and let me apprehend if it were only his resistance know that i have encountered a new and positive quality great refreshment for both of us it is much that he does not accept the conventional opinions and that will remain a and and every will have to dispose of him in the first place there is nothing real or useful that is not a seat of war our houses ring with laughter and personal and critical gossip but it helps little bat the man who is a problem and a threat to society whom it cannot let pass in silence but must either worship or hate and to whom all parties feel related both the leaders of opinion and the obscure and eccentric he helps he puts america and europe in the wrong and the which says man is a doll let us eat and drink tis the best we can do by the and unknown acquiescence in the establishment and appeal to the public indicate faith heads which are not clear and which must see a house built before they can comprehend the plan of it the wise man not only leaves out of his thought the many but leaves out the few fountains the iii self moved the absorbed the commander because he is commanded the assured the th y are good for these announce the instant presence of supreme power our action should rest on our substance in nature there are no false a pound of water in the ocean tempest has no more gravity than in a pond all things work exactly according to their quality and according to their quantity attempt nothing they cannot do except man only he has he wishes and attempts things beyond his force i read in a book of english mr fox afterwards lord holland said he must have the treasury he had served up to it and would have it and his ten thousand were quite equal to what they attempted and did it so equal that it was not suspected to be a grand and yet there stands that fact a high water mark in military history many have attempted it since and not been equal to it it is only on reality that any power of action can be based no institution will be better than the i knew an amiable and accomplished person who undertook a practical reform yet i was never able to find in him the enterprise of love he took in hand he adopted it by eat and by the understanding from the books he had character been reading all his action was a piece of the city carried out into the fields and was the ity still and no new fact and could not inspire enthusiasm had there been something latent in the man a terrible genius and embarrassing his we had watched for its advent it is not enough that the intellect should see the evils and their remedy we shall still our existence nor take the ground to which we are entitled whilst it is only a thought and not a spirit that us we have not yet served up to it these are properties of life and another trait is the notice of incessant growth men should be intelligent and earnest they must also make us feel that they have a happy future opening before them whose early already in the passing hour the hero is and he cannot therefore wait to any man s he is again on his road adding new powers and honors to his domain and new claims on your heart which will you if you have about the old	37
things and have not kept your relation to him by adding to your wealth new actions are the only apologies and explanations of old ones which the noble can bear to offer or to receive if your friend has displeased you you shall not sit down to consider m it for he has already lost all memory of the passage and has doubled his power to serve you and ere you can rise up again will burden you with blessings we have no pleasure in thinking of a benevolence that is only measured by its works love is inexhaustible and if its estate is wasted its emptied still cheers and and the man though he sleep seems to the air and his house to adorn the landscape and strengthen the laws people always recognize this difference we know who is benevolent by quite other means than the amount of to it is only low merits that can be fear when your friends say to you what you have done well and say it through but when they stand with uncertain timid looks of respect and half dislike and must their judgment for years to come you may begin to hope those who live to the future must always appear selfish to those who live to the present therefore it was droll in the good who has written of to make out a list of his and good deeds as so many hundred given to to to a place found for professor a post under the grand duke for a for two professors recommended to foreign c c k the longest list of of benefit would look very short a man is a poor creature if he is to be measured so for all these of course are exceptions and the rule and life of a good man is the true charity of is to be inferred from the account he gave dr of the way in which he had spent his fortune each bon of mine has cost a purse of gold half a million of my own money the fortune i inherited my salary and the large income derived from my writings for fifty years back have been expended to instruct me in what i now know i have besides seen c i own it is but poor chat and gossip to go to traits of this simple and rapid power and we are painting the lightning with but in these long nights and i like to console myself so nothing but itself can copy it a word warm from the heart me i surrender at discretion how death cold is literary genius before this fire of life these are the touches that my heavy soul and give it eyes to pierce the dark of nature i find where i thought myself poor there was i most rich thence comes a new intellectual exaltation to be again by some new exhibition of character strange of attraction and character intellect yet essay iii it and character passes into thought is published so and is ashamed before new flashes of moral worth character is nature in the highest form it is of no use to it or to contend with it somewhat is possible of resistance and of and of creation to this power which will foil all this is best where no hands but nature s have been laid on it care is taken that the greatly destined shall slip up into life in the shade with no thousand eyed to and every new thought every blushing emotion of young genius two persons lately very young children of the most high god have given me occasion for thought when i the source of their and charm for the imagination it seemed as if each answered from my i never listened to your people s law or to what they call their gospel and wasted my time i was content with the simple rural poverty of my own hence this sweetness my work never reminds you of that is pure of that and nature me in such persons that in america she will not be how and from the market and from scandal it was only this morning that i sent away character wild flowers of these wood gods they are a relief from literature these fresh draughts from the sources of thought and sentiment as we read in an age of polish and criticism the first lines of written prose and verse of a nation how is their devotion to their favorite books whether or scott as feeling that they have a stake in that book who touches that touches them and especially the total solitude of the critic the of thought from which he writes in of any eyes that shall ever read this writing could they dream on still as angels and not wake to and to be flattered yet some natures are too good to be spoiled by praise and wherever the vein of thought reaches down into the profound there is no danger from vanity solemn friends will warn them of the danger of the head s being turned by the flourish of trumpets but they can afford to smile i remember the indignation of an eloquent at the kind of a doctor of divinity my friend a man can neither be praised nor insulted but forgive the counsels they are very natural i remember the thought which occurred to me when some ingenious and spiritual foreigners came to america was have you been in being brought hither or prior to that answer me this are you iii as i have said nature keeps these in her own hands and however our sermons and would divide some share of credit and teach that the laws fashion the citizen she goes her own gait and puts the wisest in the wrong she makes very light of and as one	37
who has a great many more to produce and no excess of time to spare on any one there is a class of men individuals of which appear at long intervals so eminently endowed with insight and virtue that they have been saluted as divine and who seem to be an of that power we consider divine persons are character born or to borrow a phrase from napoleon they are victory organized they are usually received with ill will because they are new and because they set a bound to the exaggeration that has been made of the personality of the last divine person nature never her children nor makes two men alike when we see a great man we fancy a resemblance to some historical person and the of his character and fortune a result which he is sure to disappoint none will ever solve the problem of his character according to our prejudice but only in his own high way character wants room must not be crowded on by persons nor be judged from glimpses got in the press of affairs or on few it needs perspective as a great building it may not probably does not form relations rapidly and we should not require rash explanation either on the popular or on our own of its action i look on as history i do not think the and the jove impossible in flesh and blood every trait which the artist recorded in stone he had seen in life and better than his copy we have seen many but we are born in great men how easily we read in old books when men were few of the smallest action of the we require that a man should be so large and in the landscape that it should deserve to be recorded that he arose and up his and departed to such a place the most pictures are those of majestic men who prevailed at their entrance and convinced the senses as happened to the eastern who was sent to test the merits of or when the sage arrived at the tell us appointed a day on which the of every country should and a golden chair was placed for the sage then the beloved of the prophet advanced into the midst of the assembly the sage on seeing that chief said this form and this gait cannot lie and no in nothing but truth can proceed from them said it was impossible not to believe in the children of the gods though they should speak without probable or necessary arguments i should think myself very unhappy in my associates if i could not credit the best things in history john says milton appears like a from whom the are not to depart with the year so that not on the only but throughout his life you would regard him as sitting in judgment upon kings i find it more creditable since it is information that one man should know heaven as the chinese say than that so many men should know the world the virtuous prince the gods without any he waits a hundred ages till a sage comes and does not doubt he who the gods without any knows heaven he who waits a hundred ages until a sage comes without doubting knows men hence the virtuous prince moves and for ages shows empire the way but there is no need to seek remote examples he is a dull observer whose experience has not taught him the reality and force of magic as well as of the cannot go abroad without inexplicable influences one man an eye on him and the graves of the memory render up dead the secrets that make character ill wretched either to keep or to betray must be yielded another and he cannot speak and the bones of his body seem to lose their the entrance of a friend adds grace boldness and eloquence to him and there are persons he cannot choose but remember who gave a to his thought and kindled another life in his bosom what is so excellent as strict relations of when they spring from this deep root the sufficient reply to the who doubts the power and the furniture of man is in that possibility of joyful intercourse with persons which makes the faith and practice of all reasonable men i know nothing which life has to offer so satisfying as the profound good understanding which can after much exchange of good between two virtuous men each of whom is sure of himself and sure of his friend it is a happiness which all other and makes politics and commerce and churches cheap for when men shall meet as they ought each a benefactor a shower of stars clothed with thoughts with deeds with accomplishments it should be the festival of nature which all things announce of such friendship love in the sexes is the first symbol as all other things are of love those relation to the best men which at one time we reckoned essay ni the of youth in the progress of the character the most solid enjoyment if it were possible to live in right relations with men if we could from asking anything of them from asking their raise or help or pity and content us with compelling them through the virtue of the eldest laws we not deal with a few persons with one person after the and make an experiment of their could we not pay our friend the compliment of truth of silence of need we be so eager to seek him if we are related we shall meet it was a tradition of the ancient world that no could hide a god from a god and there is a greek verse which runs the gods are to each other not unknown friends also follow the laws of divine necessity they to each	37
other and cannot otherwise when each the other shall shall each by each be most enjoyed their relation is not made but allowed the gods must seat themselves without in our and as they can themselves by divine society is spoiled if pains are taken if the associates are brought a mile to meet character and if it be not society it is a mischievous low degrading though made up of the best all the greatness of each is kept back and every in painful activity as if the should meet to exchange boxes life goes headlong we chase some flying scheme or we are hunted by some fear or command behind us but if suddenly we encounter a friend we pause our heat and hurry look foolish enough now pause now possession is required and the power to swell the moment from the resources of the heart the moment is all in all noble relations a divine person is the prophecy of the mind a friend is the hope of the heart our waits for the fulfilment of these two in one the ages are opening this moral force all force is the shadow or symbol of that poetry is joyful and strong as it draws its inspiration thence men write their names on the world as they are filled with this history has been mean our nations have been we have never seen a man that divine form we do not know but only the dream and prophecy of such we do not know the majestic manners which belong to him which and the we shall one day see that the most private is the most public energy that quality for quantity and essay lu of character acts in the dark and them who never saw it what greatness has yet appeared is and to us in this direction the history of those gods and saints which the world has written and then worshipped are documents of character the ages have in the manners of a youth who owed nothing to fortune and who was hanged at the of his nation who by the pure quality of his nature shed an splendor around the facts of his death which has every particular into an universal symbol for the eyes of mankind this great defeat is hitherto our highest fact but the mind requires a victory to the senses a force of character which will convert judge jury soldier and king which will rule animal and virtues and with the courses of sap of rivers of winds of stars and of moral agents if we cannot attain at a bound to these at least let us do them homage in society high advantages are set down to the possessor as it requires the more in our private i do not forgive in my friends the failure to know a fine character and to entertain it with thankful hospitality when at last that which we have always longed for is arrived and shines on us with glad rays out of that far celestial land then to be coarse then to be and treat such a with the and suspicion of the streets a vulgarity that seems to shut the doors of heaven this is confusion this the right insanity when the soul no longer knows its own nor where its its religion are due is there any religion but this to know that wherever in the wide desert of being the holy sentiment we cherish has opened into a flower it for me if none sees it i see it i am aware if i alone of the greatness of the fact whilst it i will keep sabbath or holy time and my gloom and my folly and jokes nature is indulged by the presence of guest there are many eyes that can detect and honor the prudent and household virtues there are many that can discern genius on his track though the mob is incapable but when that love which is all suffering all all which has vowed to itself that it will be a wretch and also a fool in this world sooner than soil its white hands by any comes into our streets and houses only the pure and can know its face and the only compliment they can pay it is to own it manners near to good is what is i which we no sooner see but with the lines and outward our senses taken be again yourselves compose and now put all the on of figure that proportion or color can disclose that if those silent arts were lost design and picture they might boast from you a ground by the sense of dignity and reverence in their true motions found essay manners half the t it is said knows not how the other half live our exploring expedition saw the getting their dinner off human bones and they are said to eat their own wives and children the of the modem inhabitants of west of old is philosophical to a fault to set up their housekeeping nothing is requisite but two or three pots a stone to grind meal and a mat which is the bed the house namely a tomb is ready without rent or taxes no rain can pass through the roof and there is no door for there is no want of one as there is nothing to lose if the house do not please hem they walk out and enter another as there are several hundreds at their command it is somewhat singular adds to whom we owe this account to talk of happiness among people who live in among the and rags of an essay it ancient nation which they know nothing cf la the deserts of the rock still dwell in like cliff and the language of these is compared by their neighbors to the shrieking of and to the whistling of birds again the	37
have no proper names individuals are called after their height thickness or other accidental quality and have merely but the salt the dates the ivory and the gold for which these horrible regions are visited find their way into countries where the and can hardly be in one race with these and man countries where man serves himself with wood stone glass cotton silk and wool honors himself with architecture writes laws and to execute his will through the hands of many nations and especially a select society running through all the countries of intelligent men a self constituted aristocracy or of the best which without written law or exact usage of any kind itself every island and and makes its own whatever personal beauty or extraordinary native any where appears what fact more conspicuous in modern history than the creation of the gentleman chivalry is that and loyalty is that and in english literature manners half the drama and all the novels from sir philip to sir walter scott paint this figure the word gentleman which like the word christian must hereafter the present and the fe preceding centuries by the importance attached to it is a homage to personal and properties frivolous and fantastic additions have got associated with the name but the steady interest of mankind in it must be attributed to the valuable properties which it an element which all the most forcible persons of every country makes them intelligible and agreeable to each other and is somewhat so precise that it is at once felt if an individual lack the sign cannot be any casual product but must be an average result of the character and faculties universally found in men it seems a certain permanent average as the atmosphere is a permanent composition whilst so many are combined only to be is the frenchman s description of good society as we must be it is a spontaneous fruit of talents and feelings of precisely that class who have most vigor who take the lead in the world of this hour and though far from pure far from the and highest tone rf human feeling is as good as the whole society li o be it is made of the spirit more than of the talent oi en and is a compound result into li essay which every great force enters as an namely virtue wit beauty wealth and power there is something in all the words in use to express the excellence of manners and social cultivation because the quantities are and the last effect is assumed by the senses as the cause the word gentleman has not any abstract to express the quality is mean and is but we must keep alive in the the distinction between fashion a word of narrow and often sinister meaning and the heroic character which the gentleman the usual words however must be respected they will be found to contain the root of the matter the point of distinction in all this class of names as courtesy chivalry fashion and the like is that the flower and fruit not the grain of the tree are contemplated it is beauty which is the aim this time and not worth the result is now in question although our words intimate well enough the popular feeling that the appearance a substance the gentleman is a man of truth lord of his own actions and expressing that in his behavior not in any manner dependent and either on persons or opinions or possessions beyond this fact of truth and real force tl good nature or benevolence and then gentleness the v v f j manners adds a condition of ease and fortune but that is a natural result of personal force and love that they should possess and dispense the goods of the world in times of violence every eminent person must fall in with many opportunities to approve his and worth therefore every man s name that emerged at all from the mass in the ages in our ear like a flourish of trumpets put personal force never goes out of fashion that is still to day and in the moving crowd of good society the men of and reality are known and rise to their natural place the competition is transferred from war to politics and trade but the personal force appears readily enough in these new power first or no leading class in politics and in trade and are of better promise than and clerks god knows that all sorts of gentlemen knock at the door but whenever used in and with any emphasis the name will be found to point at original energy it describes a man standing in his own right and working after methods in a good lord there must first be a good animal at least to the extent of yielding the advantage of animal spirits the ruling class must have more but they must have these giving in every the sense of power which makes things easy to be ly done which the wise the society of the energetic class in their friendly and meetings is full of courage and of attempts which the pale scholar the courage which girls exhibit is like a battle of s lane or a sea fight the intellect on memory to make some supplies to face these but memory is a base with basket and in the presence of these sudden masters the rulers of society must be up to the work of the world and equal to their office men of the right pattern who have great range of i am far from believing the timid of lord that for ceremony there must go two to it since a bold fellow will go through the forms and am of opinion that the gentleman is the bold fellow whose forms are not to be broken through and only that nature is master which is the of	37
whatever person it with my gentleman gives the law where he is he will saints in chapel in the field and all courtesy in the hall he is good company for and good with so that it is useless to yourself against him he has the private entrance to all minds and i could as easily myself as him the famous gentlemen of asia and europe have manners been of this strong type the caesar alexander and the personages they sat very carelessly in their chairs and were too excellent themselves to value any condition at a high rate a plentiful fortune is reckoned necessary in the popular judgment to the completion of this man of the world and it is a material which walks through the dance which the first has led money is not essential but this wide is which the habits of and caste and makes itself felt by men of all classes if the is only in fashionable circles and not with he will never be a leader in fashion and if the man of the people cannot speak on equal terms with the gentleman so that the gentleman shall perceive that he is already really of his own order he is not to be feared and are gentlemen of the best blood who have chosen the condition of poverty when that of wealth was equally open to them i use these old names but the men i speak of are my fortune will not supply to every generation one of these well appointed knights but every collection of men some example of the class and the politics of this country and the trade of every town are controlled by these hardy and who have iv to take the lead and a broad sympathy which puts them in fellowship with crowds and makes their action popular the of this class are observed and caught with devotion by men of taste the association of these masters with each other and with men intelligent of their merits is agreeable and the good forms the happiest expressions of each are repeated and adopted by swift consent everything superfluous is dropped everything graceful is renewed fine manners show themselves formidable to the man they are a science of defence to and but once matched by the skill of the other party they drop the point of the sword points and fences disappear and the youth finds himself in a more transparent atmosphere wherein life is a less troublesome game and not a misunderstanding rises between the players manners aim to life to get rid of and bring the man pure to they aid our dealing and conversation as a railway travelling by getting rid of all of the road and leaving nothing to be conquered but pure space these forms very soon become fixed and a fine sense of propriety is cultivated with the more heed that it becomes a of social and civil distinctions thus grows up manners an semblance the most the most fantastic and frivolous the most feared and followed and which morals and violence assault in vain there exists a strict relation between the class of power and the exclusive and polished circles the last are always filled or filling from the first the strong men usually give some allowance even to the of fashion for that they find in it napoleon child of the revolution of the old never ceased to court the st doubtless with the feeling that fashion is a homage to men of his stamp fashion though in a strange way represents all manly virtue it is virtue gone to seed it is a kind of honor it does not often caress the great but the children of the great it is a hall of the past it usually sets its face against the great of this hour great men are not commonly in its halls they are absent in the field they are working not fashion is made up of their children of those who through the value and virtue of somebody have acquired lustre to their name marks of distinction means of cultivation and generosity and in their physical organization a certain health and excellence which to them if not the highest power to work yet high power to enjoy the class of power the essay iv working heroes the the the napoleon see that this is the and permanent of such as they that fashion is talent is and beaten out thin that the brilliant names of fashion run back to just such busy names as their own fifty or sixty years ago they are the their sons shall be the and their sons in the ordinary course of things must yield the possession of the harvest to new with eyes and stronger frames the city is from the country in the year it is said every legitimate monarch in europe was the city would have died out and exploded long ago but that it was from the fields it is only country which came to town day before yesterday that is city and court to day aristocracy and fashion are certain inevitable results these mutual are if they provoke anger in the least favored class and the excluded majority revenge themselves on the by the strong hand and kill them at once a new class finds itself at the top as certainly as cream rises in a bowl of milk and if the people should destroy class after class until two men only were left one of these would be the leader and would be involuntarily served and copied by the other you may keep this manners out of sight and out of mind but it is of life and is one of the estates of the realm i am the more struck with this when i see its work it respects the administration of such unimportant matters that we should not look for any in its	37
rule we sometimes meet men under some strong moral influence as a patriotic a literary a religious movement and feel that the moral sentiment rules man and nature we think all other distinctions and ties will be slight and fugitive this of caste or fashion for yet come from year to year and see how permanent that is in this boston or new york life of man where too it has not the least countenance from the law of the land not in egypt or in india a firmer or more line here are associations whose ties go over and under and through it a meeting of merchants a military corps a college class a fire club a professional association a political a religious the persons seem to draw near yet that assembly once dispersed its members will not in the year meet again each returns to his degree in the scale of good society remains and the objects of fashion may be frivolous or fashion may be but the nature of this union and selection can be neither frivolous nor accidental each man s rank essay iv in that perfect depends on some in his structure or some agreement in his structure to the of society its doors to a natural claim of their own kind a natural gentleman finds his way in and will keep the oldest out who has lost his rank fashion understands itself good breeding and personal superiority of whatever country readily with those of every other the chiefs of savage tribes have distinguished themselves in london and paris by the purity of their to say what good of fashion we can it rests on reality and hates nothing so much as to and and send them into everlasting is its delight we in turn every other gift of men of the world j but the habit even in little and the least matters of not appealing to any but our own sense of propriety the foundation of all chivalry there is almost no kind of self reliance so it be sane and which fashion does not occasionally adopt and give it the freedom of its a soul is always elegant and if it will passes into the most guarded but so will the pass in some crisis that brings him thither and find favor as long as his head is not giddy with the new manners and the iron shoes do not wish to dance in for there is nothing settled in but the laws of yield to the energy of the individual the at her first ball the at a city dinner that there is a according to which every act and compliment must be performed or the failing party must be cast out of this presence later they learn that good sense and character make their own forms every moment and speak or take wine or refuse it stay or go sit in a chair or with children on the floor or stand on their head or what else in a new arid way and that strong will is always in fashion let who will be all that fashion demands is composure and self content a circle of men perfectly well bred would be a company of sensible persons in which every man s native manners and character appeared if the have not this quality he is nothing we are such lovers of that we excuse in a man many sins if he will show us a complete satisfaction in his position which asks no leave to be of mine or any man s good opinion but any deference to some eminent man or woman of the world all privilege of nobility he is an i have nothing to do with him i will speak with his master a man should not go where he cannot carry his essay it whole sphere or society with him not bodily the whole circle of his friends but he should preserve iu a new company the same attitude of mind and reality of relation which his daily associates draw him to else he is of his best beams and will be an orphan in the club if you could see with his tail on but must always carry his in some fashion if not added as honor then severed as disgrace there will always be in society certain persons who are of its approbation and whose glance will at any time determine for the curious their standing in the world these are the of lesser gods accept their coldness as an omen of grace with the and allow them all their privilege they are clear in their office nor could they be thus formidable without their own merits but do not measure the importance of this class by their or imagine that a can be the of and shame they pass also at their just rate for how can they otherwise in circles which exist as a sort of herald s office for the of character as the first thing man requires of man is so that appears in all the forms of society we and by name introduce the parties to each other know you before all heaven and manners that this is and this is they look each other in the eye they grasp each other s hand to identify and each other it is a great satisfaction a gentleman never his eyes look straight forward and he the other party first of all that he has been met for what is it that we seek in so many visits and is it your pictures and or do we not ask was a man in the house i may easily go into a great household where there is much substance excellent provision for comfort luxury and taste and yet not encounter there any who shall subordinate these i may go into a cottage and find a farmer who	37
feels that he is the man i have come to see and fronts me accordingly it was therefore a very natural point of old etiquette that a gentleman who received a visit though it were of his sovereign should not leave his roof but should wait his arrival at the door of his house no house though it were the or the is good for any thing without a master and yet we are not often gratified by this hospitality every body we know himself with a fine house fine books gardens and all manner of toys as to between himself and his guest does it not it seem as if man was of a very sly nature and dreaded nothing so much as a full front to front with his fellow it were i know quite to the use of these which are of eminent convenience whether the guest is too great or too little we call together many friends who keep each other in play or by luxuries and ornaments we amuse the young people and guard our retirement or if perchance a searching comes to our gate before whose eye we have no care to stand then again we run to our curtain and hide ourselves as adam at the voice of the lord god in the garden cardinal the pope s at paris defended himself from the glances of napoleon by an immense pair of green spectacles napoleon remarked them and speedily managed to rally them oflf and yet napoleon in his turn was not great enough with eight hundred thousand troops at his back to face a pair of eyes but himself with etiquette and within triple of reserve and as all the world knows from madame de was wont when he found himself observed to discharge his face of all expression but and rich men are by no means the most skilful masters of good manners no nor can and and the first point of courtesy must always be truth as manners really all the forms of good breeding point that way i have just been reading in mr s translation s account of his journey into italy and am struck with nothing more agreeably than the self respecting fashions of the time his arrival in each place the arrival of a gentleman of france is an event of some consequence wherever he goes he pays a visit to whatever prince or gentleman of note upon his road as a duty to himself and to civilization when he leaves any house in which he has lodged for a few weeks he causes his arms to be painted and hung up as a perpetual sign to the house as was the custom of gentlemen the of this graceful self respect and that of all the points of good breeding i most require and insist upon is deference i like that every chair should be a throne and hold a king i prefer a tendency to to an excess of fellowship let the objects of nature and the of man teach us independence let us not be too much acquainted i would have a man enter his house through a hall filled with heroic and sacred that he might not want the hint of tranquillity and we should meet each morning as from foreign countries and spending the day together should depart at night as into foreign countries essay iv in all things i would have the island of a man let us sit apart as the gods talking from peak to peak all round no degree of affection need this religion this is and to keep the other sweet lovers should guard their strangeness if they forgive too much all into confusion and meanness it is easy to push this deference to a chinese etiquette but coolness and absence of heat and haste indicate fine qualities a gentleman makes no noise a lady is serene is our disgust at those who fill a house with blast and running to secure some paltry convenience not less i dislike a low sympathy of each with his neighbor s needs must we have a good understanding with one another s as foolish people who have lived long together know when each wants salt or sugar i pray my companion if he wishes for bread to ask me for bread and if he wishes for or to ask me for them and not to hold out his plate as if i knew already every natural function can be dignified by deliberation and privacy let us leave hurry to slaves the compliments and ceremonies of our breeding should recall however the grandeur of our destiny the flower of courtesy does not very well bide handling but if we dare to open another leaf and manners explore what parts go to its we shall find also an intellectual quality to the leaders of men the brain as well as the flesh and the heart must furnish a defect in manners is usually the defect of fine men are too made for the delicacy of beautiful carriage and customs it is not quite sufficient to a union of kindness and independence we require a perception of and a homage to beauty in our companions other virtues are in request in the field and but a certain degree of taste is not to be spared in those we sit with i could better eat with one who did not respect the truth or the laws than with a and person moral qualities rule the world but at short distances the senses are the same of fit and fair runs out if with less into all parts of life the average spirit of the energetic class is good sense acting under certain and to certain ends it every natural gift social in its nature it respects every thing which to unite men it delights in measure the love of beauty is mainly the love	37
of the objects of nature yet by the moral quality from his countenance he may all considerations of magnitude and in his manners equal the majesty of the world i have seen an individual whose manners though wholly within the of elegant society were manners never learned there but were original and commanding and held out protection and prosperity one who did not need the aid of a court suit but carried the holiday in his eye who the fancy by flinging wide the doors of new modes of existence who shook ofl the of etiquette with happy spirited bearing good natured and free as robin hood yet with the port of an emperor if need be calm serious and fit to stand the gaze of millions the open air and the fields the street and public chambers are the places where man his will let him yield or divide the at the door of the house woman with her instinct of behavior instantly in man a love of trifles any coldness or or in short any want of that large flowing and which is indispensable as an exterior in the hall our american institutions have been friendly to her and at this moment i esteem it a chief felicity of this country that it in women a certain awkward consciousness of inferiority in the men may give rise to the new chivalry in behalf of woman s rights certainly let her be as much better placed in the laws and in social forms as the most zealous can ask but i confide so entirely in her inspiring and musical nature that i believe only herself can show us how she shall be essay iv served the wonderful generosity of her raises her at times into and regions and the pictures of or and by the firmness with which she her upward path she the that another road exists than ths t which their feet know but besides those who make good in our imagination the place of and of are there not women who fill our with wine and to the brim so that the wine runs over and fills the house with perfume who inspire us with courtesy who our tongues and we speak who our eyes and we see we say things we never thought to have said for once our walls of habitual reserve vanished and left us at large we were children playing with children in a wide field of flowers steep us we cried in these influences for days for weeks and we shall be sunny poets and will write out in many colored words the romance that you are was it or that said of his she was an force and astonished me by her amount of life when i saw her day after day every instant joy and grace on all around her she was a powerful to reconcile all into one society like air or water an element of such a great range of that manners it readily with a thousand where she is present all others will be more than they are wont she was a and whole so that whatsoever she did became her she had too much sympathy and desire to please than that you could say her manners were marked with dignity yet no princess could her clear and erect on each occasion she did not study the grammar nor the books of the seven poets but all the poems of the seven seemed to be written upon her for though the bias of her nature was not to thought but to sympathy yet was she so perfect in her own nature as to meet intellectual persons by the fulness of her heart warming them by her sentiments believing as she did that by dealing nobly with all all would show themselves noble i know that this pile of chivalry or fashion which seems so fair and picturesque to those who look at the contemporary facts for science or for entertainment is not equally pleasant to all spectators the constitution of our society makes it a giant s castle to the ambitious youth who have not found their names in its golden book and whom it has excluded from its honors and privileges they have yet to learn that its seeming grandeur is shadowy and relative it is essay it great by their allowance its gates will fly open at the approach of their courage and virtue for the present distress however of those who are to suffer from the of this caprice there are easy to remove your residence a couple of miles or at most four will commonly relieve the most extreme for the advantages which fashion are plants which in very confined in a few streets namely out of this they go for nothing are of no use in the farm in the in the market in war in the society in the literary or scientific circle at sea in in the heaven of thought or virtue but we have lingered long enough in these painted courts the worth of the thing signified must our taste for the emblem everything that is called fashion and courtesy itself before the cause and in of honor creator of titles and namely the heart of love this is the royal blood this the fire in all countries and will work its kind and conquer and all that ap oc it this gives new to every fact this the rich suffering no grandeur but i fi own what is rich are you rich enough t help anybody to the and the eccentric rich enough to make the i jl manners in his wagon the with his s paper which him to the charitable the italian with his few broken words of english the lame hunted by from town to town even the poor insane or wreck of man or woman feel the noble exception of	37
your presence and your house from the general and to make such feel that they were greeted with a voice which made them both remember and hope what is vulgar but to refuse the claim on acute and reasons what is gentle but to allow it and give their heart and yours one holiday from the national caution without the rich heart wealth is an ugly beggar the king of could not afford to be so as the poor who dwelt at his had a humanity so broad and deep that although his speech was so bold and with the as to disgust all the yet was there never a poor outcast eccentric or insane man some fool who had cut off his beard or who had under a vow or had a pet ia his brain but fled at once to him that great heart lay there so sunny and hospitable in the centre of the country that it seemed as if the instinct of all drew them to his side and the madness which he he did not share is not this to be rich this only to be rightly rich essay iv but i shall hear without that i play the very ill and talk of that which i do not well understand it is easy to see that what is called by distinction society and fashion has good laws as well as bad has much that is necessary and much that is absurd too good for and too bad for blessing it reminds us of a tradition of the pagan in any attempt to settle its character i overheard jove one day said talking of destroying the earth he said it had failed they were all and who went from bad to worse as fast as the days succeeded each other said she hoped not they were only ridiculous little creatures with this odd circumstance that they had a or aspect seen far or seen near if you called them bad they would appear so if you called them good they would appear so and there was no one person or action among them which would not puzzle her owl much more all to know whether it was bad or good gifts gifts of one who loved me twas high time thej came when he ceased to love time they stopped for shame i essay v gifts it is said that the world is in a state of that the world owes the world more than the world can pay and ought to go into and be sold i do not think this general which in some sort all the population to be the reason of the difficulty experienced at christmas and new year and other times in gifts since it is always so pleasant to be generous though very to pay debts but the lies in the choosing if at any time it comes into my head that a present is due from me to somebody i am puzzled what to give until the opportunity is gone flowers and fruits are always fit presents flowers because they are a proud assertion that a ray of beauty all the of the world these gay natures contrast with the somewhat stern countenance of ordinary nature they are like music essay y heard out of a nature does not us we are children not she is not fond everything is dealt to us without fear or favor after severe universal laws yet these delicate flowers look like the and interference of love and beauty men use to tell us that we love flattery even though we are not deceived by it because it shows that we are of importance enough to be something like that pleasure the flowers give us what am i to whom these sweet hints are addressed fruits are acceptable gifts because they are the flower of and admit of fantastic being attached to them if a man should send to me to come a hundred miles to visit him and should set before me a basket of fine summer fruit i should think there was some proportion between the labor and the reward for common gifts necessity makes and beauty every day and one is glad when an imperative leaves him no since if the man at the door have no shoes you have not to consider whether you could procure him a paint box and as it is always pleasing to see a man eat bread or drink w in the house or out of doors so it is always a great satisfaction to these first wants necessity does everything well in our condition of universal dependence it seems heroic to let the be the judge of his necessity gifts and to give all that is asked though at great inconvenience if it be a fantastic desire it is better to leave to others the office of him i can think of many parts i should prefer playing to that of the next to things of necessity the rule for a gift which one of my friends prescribed is that we might convey to some person that which properly belonged to his character and was easily associated with him in thought but our tokens of compliment and love are for the most part barbarous rings and other jewels are not gifts but apologies for gifts the only gift is a portion of thou must for me therefore the poet brings his poem the shepherd his lamb the farmer corn the a the sailor coral and shells the painter his picture the girl a handkerchief of her own sewing this is right and pleasing for it society in so far to the basis when a man s biography is conveyed in his gift and every man s wealth is an index of his merit but it is a cold lifeless business when you go to the shops to buy me something	37
which all forms flee as the driven itself secret its works driven before it in flocks and multitudes as the represented nature by a shepherd and in variety it itself in creatures reaching from and through on to the highest arriving at results without a shock or a leap a little heat that is a little nature motion is all that differences the bald dazzling white and deadly cold poles of the earth from the tropical all changes pass without violence by reason of the two cardinal conditions of boundless space and boundless time has us into the of nature and taught us to our dame school measures and exchange our and schemes for her large style we knew nothing rightly for want of perspective now we learn what patient periods must round themselves before the rock is formed then before the rock is broken and the first race has the external plate into soil and opened the door for the remote and to come in how far oflf yet is the how far the how remote is man all duly arrive and then race after race of men it is a long way from granite to the farther yet to and the preaching of the immortality of the soul yet all must come as surely as the first has two sides motion or change and identity or rest are the first and second secrets of nature motion and rest the whole code of her laws may be written on the or the of a ring the whirling on the surface of a brook admits us to the secret of the of the sky every n shell on the beach is a key to it a little water made to in a cup explains the formation of the shells the addition of matter from year to year arrives at last at the most complex forms and yet so poor is nature with all her craft that from the beginning to the end of the universe she has but one stuff but one stuff with its two ends to serve up all her dream like variety compound it how she will star sand fire water tree man it is still one stuff and the same properties nature is always consistent though she to her own laws she keeps her laws and seems to them she arms and an animal to find its place and living in the earth and at the same time she arms and another animal to destroy it space exists to divide creatures but by clothing the sides of a bird with a few feathers she gives him a petty the direction is forever onward but the artist still goes back for materials and begins again with the first elements on the most advanced stage otherwise all goes to ruin if we look at her work we seem to catch a glance of a system in transition plants are the young of the world vessels of health and vigor but they ever upward towards consciousness the trees are imperfect men and seem to their imprisonment rooted in he nature ground the animal is the and of a more advanced order the men though young having tasted the first drop from the cup of thought are already dissipated the and are still j yet no doubt when they come to consciousness they too will curse and flowers so strictly belong to youth that we men soon come to feel that their beautiful generations concern not us we have had our day now let the children have theirs the flowers us and we are old with our ridiculous tenderness things are so strictly related that according to the skill of the eye from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted if we had eyes to see it a bit of stone from the city wall would us of the necessity that man must exist as readily as the city that identity makes us all one and to nothing great intervals on our customary scale we talk of from natural life as if artificial life were not also natural the curled in the of a palace has an animal nature rude and as a white bear to its own ends and is directly related there amid and to mountain chains and the of the globe if we consider how much we are nature s we need not be superstitious about es at fi towns as if that terrific or force did not find us there also and fashion cities nature who made the made the house we may easily hear too much of rural influences the cool disengaged air of natural objects makes them to us and irritable creatures with red faces and we think we shall be as grand as they if we camp out and eat roots but let us be men instead of and the oak and the elm shall gladly serve us though we sit in chairs of ivory on carpets of silk this guiding identity runs through all the surprises and of the piece and every law man carries the world in his head the whole and suspended in a thought because the history of nature is in his brain therefore is he the prophet and of her secrets every known fact in natural science was divined by the of somebody it was actually a man does not tie his shoe without laws which bind the farthest regions of nature moon plant gas crystal are and numbers common sense knows its own and the fact at first sight in experiment the common sense of and black is the same common sense which made the arrangements which now it nature if the identity organized rest the counter action runs also into organization the said give us matter and a little motion and we will the universe it is not enough that we should have matter we must also have a	37
single impulse one to the mass and the harmony of the and forces once heave the ball from the hand and we can show how all this mighty order grew a very unreasonable said the and a plain begging of the question could you not prevail to know the of as well as the of it nature meanwhile had not waited for the discussion but right or wrong bestowed the impulse and the balls rolled it was no great affair a mere push but the were right in making much of it for there is no end to the consequences of the act that famous push itself through all the balls of the system and through every of every ball through all the races of creatures and through the and performances of every individual exaggeration is in the course of things nature sends no creature no man into the world without adding a small excess of his proper quality given the planet it is still necessary to add the impulse so to every creature nature added a little violence of iso e at ti direction in its proper path a to put it on its way in every instance a slight generosity a drop too much without the air would rot and without this violence of direction which men and women have without a of and no excitement no we aim above the mark to hit the mark every act hath some falsehood of exaggeration in it and when now and then comes along some sad sharp eyed man who sees how paltry a game is played and refuses to play but the secret how then is the bird flown o no the wary nature sends a new troop of fairer forms of youths with a little more excess of direction to hold them fast to their several aim makes them a little in that direction in which they are and on goes the game again with new whirl for a generation or two more the child with his sweet the fool of his senses commanded by every sight and sound without any power to compare and rank his sensations abandoned to a whistle or a painted to a lead or a everything nothing delighted with every new thing lies down at night overpowered by the fatigue which this day of continual pretty madness has incurred but nature has answered her purpose with the curly she has every faculty and has nature secured the s growth of the bodily frame by all these attitudes and exertions an end of the first importance which could not be trusted to any care less perfect than her own this glitter this lustre plays round the top of every toy to his eye to his fidelity and he is deceived to his good we are made alive and kept alive by the same arts let the say what they please we do not eat for the good of living but because the meat is and the appetite is keen the vegetable life does not content itself with casting from the flower or the tree a single seed but it fills the air and earth with a of seeds that if thousands perish thousands may plant themselves that hundreds may come up that may live to maturity that at least one may replace the parent all things betray the same calculated profusion the excess of fear with which the animal frame is round shrinking from cold starting at sight of a snake or at a sudden noise us through a multitude of from some one real danger at last the lover seeks in his private felicity and perfection with no end and nature hides in his happiness her own end namely or the of the race but the craft with which the world is made runs into the mind and character of men no e at quite sane each has a vein of folly in his composition a slight determination of blood to the head to make sure of holding him hard to some one point which nature had taken to heart great causes are never tried on their merits but the cause is reduced to particulars to suit the size of the and the is ever on minor matters not less remarkable is the of each man in the importance of what he has to do or say the poet the prophet has a higher value for what he than any and therefore it gets spoken the strong self complacent declares with an emphasis not to be mistaken that god himself cannot do without wise men jacob and george fox betray their in the of their tracts and james once suffered himself to be worshipped as the christ each prophet comes presently to identify himself with his thought and to esteem his hat and shoes sacred however this may such persons with the judicious it helps them with the people as it gives heat and to their words a similar experience is not in private life each young and ardent person writes a in which when the hours of prayer and arrive he his soul the pages thus written are to him burning and fragrant he reads them on his knees nature by midnight and by the morning star he them with his tears they are sacred too good for the world and hardly yet to be shown to the dearest friend this is the man child that is born to the soul and her life still in the babe the cord has not yet been cut after some time has elapsed he begins to wish to admit his friend to this experience and with hesitation yet with firmness the pages to his eye will they not burn his eyes the friend coldly turns them over and passes from the writing to conversation with easy transition which strikes the other party with astonishment and vexation he cannot suspect the	37
writing itself days and nights of life of communion with angels of darkness and of light have engraved their shadowy characters on that tear stained book he the intelligence or the heart of his friend is there then no friend he cannot yet credit that one may have impressive experience and yet may not know how to put his private fact into literature and perhaps the discovery that wisdom has other tongues and ministers than we that though we should hold our peace the truth would not the less be spoken might check the flames of our zeal a man can only speak so long as he does not feel his speech to be partial and inadequate it is partial but he does not see it to be so whilst he it e at ti as soon as he is released from the instinctive and particular and sees its partiality he his mouth in disgust for no man can write anything who does not think that what he writes is for the time the history of the world or do anything well who does not esteem his work to be of importance my work may be of none but i must not think it of none or i shall not do it with in like manner there is throughout nature something mocking something that leads us on and on but arrives nowhere keeps no faith with us all promise the performance we live in a system of every end is of some other end which is also temporary a round and final success nowhere we are in nature not hunger and thirst lead us on to eat and to drink but bread and wine mix and cook them how you will leave us hungry and thirsty after the stomach is full it is the same with all our arts and performances our our poetry our language itself are not but suggestions the hunger for wealth which the planet to a garden fools the eager what is the end sought plainly to secure the ends of good sense and beau ty from the intrusion of or vulgarity of any kind but what an method what nature a train of means to secure a little conversation this palace of brick and stone these servants this kitchen these stables horses and this bank stock and file of trade to all the world country house and cottage by the all for a little conversation high clear and spiritual could it not be had as well by beggars on the highway no all these things came from successive of these beggars to remove from the wheels of life and give opportunity conversation character were the ends wealth was good as it appeased the animal cured the smoky chimney silenced the creaking door brought friends together in a warm and quiet room and kept the children and the dinner table in a different apartment thought virtue beauty were the ends but it was known that men of thought and virtue sometimes had the headache or wet feet or could lose good time whilst the room was getting warm in winter days in the exertions necessary to remove these the main attention has been diverted to this object the old aims have been lost sight of and to remove has come to be the end that is the ridicule of rich men and boston london and now the generally of the world are cities and of the rich and the are not men but poor men that is men who would e sat be rich this is the ridicule of the class that they arrive with pains and sweat and fury nowhere when all is done it is for nothing they are like one who has interrupted the conversation of a company to make his speech and now has forgotten what he went to say the appearance strikes the eye everywhere of an society of nations were the ends of nature so great and as to exact this sacrifice of men quite to the in life there is as might be expected a similar effect on the eye from the face of external nature there is in woods and waters a certain and flattery together with a failure to yield a present satisfaction this disappointment is felt in every landscape i have seen the softness and beauty of the summer clouds floating overhead enjoying as it seemed their height and privilege of motion whilst yet they appeared not so much the of this place and hour as to some and gardens of beyond it is an odd jealousy but the poet finds himself not near enough to his object the pine tree the river the bank of flowers before him does not seem to be nature nature is still elsewhere this or this is but and far off reflection and echo of the triumph that has passed by and is now at its nature glancing splendor and perchance in the neighboring fields or if you stand in the field then in the adjacent woods the present object shall give you this sense of stillness that follows a which has just gone by what splendid distance what recesses of pomp and loveliness in the sunset but who can go where they are or lay his hand or plant his foot oflf they fall from the round world forever and ever it is the same among the men and women as among the silent trees always a referred existence an absence never a presence and satisfaction is it that beauty can never be grasped in persons and in landscape is equally inaccessible the accepted and lover has lost the wildest charm of his maiden in her acceptance of him she was heaven whilst he pursued her as a star she cannot be heaven if she to such a one as he what shall we say of this appearance of that first impulse of this flattery and of	37
so many well meaning creatures must we not suppose somewhere in the universe a slight treachery and derision are we not engaged to a serious resentment of this use that is made of us are we and fools of nature one look at the face of heaven and earth lays all at rest and us to wiser convictions to the intelligent nature essay ti itself into a vast promise and will not be explained her secret is many and many an arrives he has the whole mystery in his brain alas the same has spoiled his skill no syllable can he shape on his lips her mighty like the fresh rainbow into the deep but no s wing was yet strong enough to follow it and report of the return of the curve but it also appears that our actions are and disposed to greater conclusions than we designed we are escorted on every hand through life by spiritual agents and a beneficent purpose lies in wait for us we cannot words with nature or deal with her as we deal with persons if we measure our individual forces against hers we may easily feel as if we were the sport of an destiny but if instead of ourselves with the work we feel that the soul of the workman streams through us we shall find the peace of the morning dwelling first in our hearts and the powers of gravity and and over them of life within us in their highest form the uneasiness which the thought of our helplessness in the chain of causes occasions us results from looking too much at one condition of nature namely motion but the drag is never taken from the wheel wherever the impulse nature the rest or identity its compensation all over the wide fields of earth grows the or self heal after every foolish day we sleep off the and of its hours and though we are always engaged with particulars and often to them we bring with us to every experiment the innate universal laws these while they exist in the mind as ideas stand around us in nature forever embodied a present to expose and cure the insanity of men our to particulars us into a hundred foolish expectations we anticipate a new era from the invention of a or a the new engine brings with it the old they say that by your shall be grown from the seed whilst your fowl is for dinner it is a symbol of our modern aims and of our and of objects but nothing is gained nature cannot be cheated man s life is but seventy long grow they swift or grow they slow in these and however we find our advantage not less than in the impulses let the victory fall where it will we are on that side and the knowledge that we the whole scale of being from the centre to the poles of nature and have some stake in every possibility that sublime lustre to death which philosophy and religion have essay vi too outwardly and literally to express ir the popular doctrine of the immortality of the soul the reality is more excellent than the port here is no ruin no no spent ball the divine never rest nor linger nature is the of a thought and turns to a thought again as ice becomes water and gas the world is mind and the essence is forever escaping again into the state of free thought hence the virtue and of influence on the mind of natural objects whether or organized man imprisoned man man speaks to man that power which does not respect quantity which makes the whole and the its equal channel its smile to the morning and its essence into every drop of rain every moment and every object for wisdom is into every form it has been poured into us as blood it us as pain it slid into us as pleasure it enveloped us in dull melancholy days or in days of cheerful labor we did not guess its essence until after a long time politics gold and iron are good to buy iron and gold all earth s and food for their like are sold wise proved napoleon great nor kind nor aught above its rate fear craft and cannot rear a state out of dust to build what is more than dust walls piled must when the nine with the virtues meet find to their design an atlantic seat by green orchard boughs from the heat where the for the wheat when the church is social worth when the state house is the hearth then the perfect state is come the republican at home essay politics in dealing with the state we ought to remember that its institutions are not though they existed before we were bom that they are not superior to the citizen that every one of them was once the act of a single man every law and usage was a man s expedient to meet a particular case that they all are all we may make as good we may make better society is an illusion to the young citizen it lies before him in rigid repose with certain names men and institutions rooted like oak trees to the centre round which all arrange themselves the best they can but the old knows that society is there are no such roots and but any may suddenly become the centre of the movement and compel the system to round it as every man of strong will like or does for a time and every man of truth like k sat til or paul does forever but politics rest on necessary foundations and cannot be treated with levity abound in young who believe that the laws make the city that grave of the policy and modes of living and of the population that education	37
and religion may be in or out and that any measure though it were absurd may be imposed on a people if only you can get sufficient voices to make it a law but the wise know that foolish is a rope of sand which in the twisting that the state must follow and not lead the character and progress of the citizen the strongest is quickly got rid of and they only who build oh ideas build for eternity and that the form of government which is the expression of what cultivation exists in the population which it the law is only a we are superstitious and esteem the somewhat so much life as it has in the character of living men is its force the stands there to say yesterday we agreed so and so but how feel ye this article to day our is a which we stamp with our own portrait it soon becomes and in process of time will return to the nature is not nor limited but and will not be or of any of politics her authority by the of her sons and as fast as the public mind is opened to more intelligence the code is seen to be brute and it speaks not and must be made to meantime the education of the general mind never stops the of the true and simple are prophetic what the tender poetic youth dreams and and to day but the ridicule of saying aloud shall presently be the resolutions of public bodies then shall be carried as grievance and bill of rights through conflict and war and then shall be triumphant law and establishment for a hundred years until it gives place in turn tp new prayers and pictures the history o the state sketches in coarse outline the progress of thought and follows at a distance the delicacy of culture and of the theory of politics which has possessed the mind of men and which they have expressed the best they could in their laws and in their considers persons and property as the two objects for whose protection government exists of persons all have equal rights in virtue of being identical in nature this interest of course with its whole power demands a whilst the rights of all as persons are equal in virtue of their access to reason their rights in property are very unequal one man owns his clothes and b at tu another owns a county this accident depending on the skill and virtue of the parties of which there is every degree and on falls and its rights of course are unequal personal rights universally the same demand a government framed on the of the property demands a government framed on the of owners and of who has flocks and herds wishes them looked after by an officer on the lest the shall drive them off and pays a tax to that end jacob has no flocks or herds and no fear of the and pays no tax to the officer it seemed fit that and jacob should have equal rights to elect the officer who is to defend their persons but that and not jacob should elect the officer who is to guard the sheep and cattle and if question arise whether additional officers or watch towers should be provided must not and and those who must sell part of their herds to buy protection for the rest judge better of this and with more right than jacob who because he is a youth and a traveller eats their id and not his own in the earliest society the made their own wealth and so long as it comes to the owners in the direct way no other opinion would arise in any community than that property should make the law for property and persons the law for persons politics but property passes through or inheritance to those who do not create it gift in one case makes it as really the new owner s as labor made it the first owner s in the other case of the law makes an which will be in each man s view according to the estimate which he sets on the public tranquillity it was not however found easy to the readily admitted principle that property should make law for property and persons for persons since persons and property mixed themselves in every transaction at last it seemed settled that the distinction was that the should have more than non on the principle of calling that which is just equal not that which is equal just that principle no longer looks so self evident as it appeared in former times partly because doubts have arisen whether too much weight h d not been allowed in the laws to property and such a structure given to our as allowed the rich to on the poor and to keep them poor but mainly because there is an instinctive sense however obscure and yet inarticulate that the whole constitution of property on its present is injurious and its influence on persons and degrading that truly the only interest for the consideration of the state is persons that property will always follow persons that the highest end of government is the culture of men and if men can be educated the institutions will share their improvement and the moral sentiment will write the law of the land if it be not easy to settle the of this question the peril is less when we take note of our natural we are kept by better guards than the vigilance of such as we commonly elect society always consists in greatest part of young and foolish persons the old who have seen through the of courts and die and leave no wisdom to their sons they believe their own newspaper as their fathers did at their age with such an ignorant and majority states	37
would soon run to ruin but that there are beyond which the folly and ambition of cannot go things have their laws as well as men and things refuse to be d with property will be protected corn not grow unless it is planted and but the farmer will not plant or it unless the chances are a hundred to one that he will cut and harvest it under any forms persons and property must and will have their just sway they exert their power as steadily as matter its attraction cover up a pound of earth never so divide and it melt it to liquid convert i politics to gas it will always weigh a pound it will always attract and resist other matter by the full virtue of one pound weight and the attributes of a person his wit and his moral energy will exercise under any law or tyranny their proper force if not then if not for the law then against it if not then with right or by might the boundaries of personal influence it is impossible to fix as persons are organs of moral or supernatural force under the dominion of an idea which possesses the minds of multitudes as civil freedom or the religious sentiment the powers of persons are no longer subjects of calculation a nation of men bent on freedom or conquest can easily confound the of and achieve extravagant actions out of all proportion to their means as the the the the americans and the french have done in like manner to every of property belongs its own attraction a cent is the representative of a certain quantity of corn or other its value is in the necessities of the animal man it is so much warmth so much bread so much water so much land the law may do what it will with the owner of property its just power will still attach to the cent the law may in a mad say that all shall have power ex e sat vn the owners of property they shall have no vote nevertheless by a higher law the property will year after year write every that respects property the non proprietor will be the of the proprietor what the owners wish to do the whole power of property will do either through the law or else in defiance of it of course i speak of all the property not merely of the great estates when the rich are as frequently happens it is the joint treasury of the poor which their every man owns something if it is only a cow or a or his arms and so has that property to dispose of the same necessity which the rights of person and property against the or folly of the magistrate the form and methods of governing which are proper to each nation and to its habit of thought and to other states of society in this country we are very vain of our political institutions which are singular in this that they sprung within the memory of living men from the character and condition of the people which they still express with sufficient fidelity and we prefer them to any other in history they are not better but only for us we may be wise in asserting the advantage in modern times of the form but to other states of society in which politics religion consecrated the that and not this was expedient is better for us because the religious sentiment of the present time better with it born we are no wise qualified to judge of which to our fathers living in the idea was also right but our institutions though in coincidence with the spirit of the age have not any from the practical defects which have other forms every actual state is corrupt good men must not obey the laws too well what satire on government can equal the severity of censure conveyed in the word which now for ages has signified that the state is a trick the same necessity and the same practical abuse appear in the parties into which each state itself of and of the administration of the government parties are also founded on instincts and have better guides to their own humble aims than the sagacity of their leaders they have nothing perverse in their origin but rudely mark some real and lasting relation we might as wisely the east wind or the frost as a political party whose members for the most part could give no account of their position but stand for the defence of those interests in which they find themselves our quarrel with them be essay when they quit this deep natural ground at the bidding of some leader and obeying personal considerations throw themselves into the maintenance and defence of points belonging to their system a party is perpetually by personality whilst we the association from we cannot extend the same charity to their leaders they reap the rewards of the and zeal of the masses which they direct ordinarily our parties are parties of circumstance and not of principle as the planting interest in conflict with the commercial the party of and that of parties which are identical in their moral character and which can easily change ground with each other in the support of many of their measures parties of principle as religious or the party of free trade of universal of of slavery of of capital punishment into or would inspire enthusiasm the vice of our leading parties in this country which may be as a fair specimen of these societies of opinion is that they do not plant themselves on the deep and necessary grounds to which they are entitled but lash themselves to fury in the carrying of some local and momentary measure useful to the of the two great parties which at this hour almost share	37
the politics between them i should say that one has the best cause and the other contains the best men the philosopher the poet or the religious man will of course wish to cast his vote with the for free trade for wide for the of legal in the code and for in every manner the access of the young and the poor to the sources of wealth and power but he can rarely accept the persons whom the so called popular party propose to him as representatives of these they have not at heart the ends which give to the name of what hope and virtue are in it the spirit of our american is destructive and it is not loving it has no and divine ends but is destructive only out of hatred and selfishness on the other side the party composed of the most moderate able and cultivated part of the population is timid and merely of property it no right it to no real good it no crime it no generous policy it does not build nor write nor cherish the arts nor foster religion nor establish schools nor encourage science nor the slave nor the poor or the indian or the from neither party when in power has the world any benefit to expect in science art or humanity at all with the resources of the nation m i do not for these defects despair of our republic we are not at the mercy of any waves of chance in the strife of ferocious parties human nature always finds itself cherished as the children of the at bay are found to have as healthy a moral sentiment as other children citizens of states are alarmed at our institutions into and the older and more cautious among ourselves are learning from to look with some terror at our turbulent freedom it is said that in our license of the constitution and in the of public opinion we have no anchor and one foreign observer thinks he has found the in the of marriage among us and another thinks he has found it in our expressed the popular security more wisely when he compared a and a republic saying that a is a which sails well but will sometimes strike on a rock and go to the bottom whilst a republic is a which would never sink but then your feet are always in water no forms can have any dangerous importance whilst we are by the laws of things it makes no difference how many tons weight of atmosphere presses on our heads so long as the same pressure it within the lungs the mass a thousand fold it cannot begin to crush us as long p as reaction is equal to action the fact of two poles of two forces and ic universal and each force by its own activity the other wild liberty iron conscience want of liberty by law and decorum conscience law only where there is greater and self in the leaders a mob cannot be a everybody s interest requires that it should not exist and only justice all we must trust infinitely to the beneficent necessity which shines through all laws human nature expresses itself in them as as in statues or songs or and an abstract of the of nations would be a of the common conscience have their origin in the moral identity of men reason for one is seen to be reason for another and for every other there is a middle measure which all parties be they never so many or so resolute for their own every man finds a sanction for his simplest claims and deeds in of his own mind which he calls truth and in these all the citizens find a perfect agreement and only in these not in what is good to eat good to wear good use of time or what amount of land or of public aid each is entitled to claim this truth and justice men presently endeavor to make ap til of to the of land the ment of service the protection of life and property their first no doubt are very awkward yet absolute right is the first governor or every government is an the idea after which each community is to make and mend its law is the will of the wise man the wise man it cannot find in nature and it makes awkward but earnest efforts to secure his government by contrivance as by causing the entire people to give their voices on every measure or by a double choice to get the representation of the whole or by a selection of the best citizens or to secure the advantages of and internal peace by confiding the government to who may himself select his agents all forms of government an immortal government common to all and independent of numbers perfect where two men exist perfect where there is only one man every man s nature is a sufficient advertisement to him of the character of his fellows my right and my wrong is their right and their wrong whilst i do what is fit for me and from what is unfit my neighbor and i shall often agree in our means and work together for a time to one end but whenever i find my dominion over myself not sufficient for me and undertake the politics of him also i the truth and come into false relations to him i may have so much more skill or strength than he that he cannot express his sense of wrong but it i a lie and hurts like a lie both him and me love and nature cannot maintain the assumption it must be executed by a practical lie namely by force this undertaking for another is the blunder which stands in colossal in the of the world it is the same thing in numbers as	37
in a pair only not quite so intelligible i can see well enough a great difference between my setting myself down to a self control and my going to make somebody else act after my views but when a quarter of the human race assume to tell me what i must do i maybe too much disturbed by the circumstances to see so clearly the absurdity of their command therefore all public ends look vague and private ones for any laws but those which men make for themselves are if i put myself in the place of my child and we stand in one thought and see that things are thus or thus that perception is law for h m and me we are both there both act but if without carrying him into the thought i look over into his plot and how it is with him this or that he will never obey me this is the history of one man does something which es t is to bind another a man who cannot be acquainted with me taxes me looking from afar at me that a part of my labor shall go to this or that end not as i but as he happens to fancy behold the consequence of all debts men are least willing to pay the taxes what a satire is this on government everywhere they think they get their money s worth except for these hence the less government we have the better the fewer laws and the less confided power the to this abuse of formal government is the influence of private character the growth of the individual the appearance of the principal to the the appearance of the wise man of whom the existing government is it must be owned but a shabby imitation that which all things tend to which freedom cultivation intercourse go to form and deliver is character that is the end of nature to reach unto this of her king to the wise man the state exists and with the appearance of the wise man the state the appearance of character makes the state unnecessary the wise man is the state he needs no army fort or navy he loves men too well no bribe or feast or palace to draw friends to him no ground no favorable he needs no politics for he has not done thinking no church for he is a prophet no book for he has the no money for he is value no road for he is at home where he is no experience for the life of the creator shoots through him and from his eyes he has no personal friends for he who has the spell to draw the prayer and piety of all men unto him needs not husband and a few to share with him a select and poetic life his relation to men is his memory is to them his presence and flowers we think our civilization near its but we are yet only at the cock and the morning star in our barbarous society the influence of character is in its infancy as a political power as the lord who is to tumble all rulers from their chairs its presence is hardly yet suspected and quite omit it the annual register is silent in the conversations it is not set down the president s message the s speech have not mentioned it and yet it is never nothing every thought which genius and piety throw into the world the world the in the lists of power feel through all their of force and the presence of worth i think the very strife of trade and ambition are confession of this divinity and sue e s t in those ds are the poor amends the fig leaf with which the soul attempts to hide its i find the like unwilling homage in all quarters it is because we know how much is due from us that we are impatient to show some petty as a substitute for worth we are haunted by a conscience of this right to grandeur of character and are false to it but each of us has some talent can do somewhat useful or graceful or formidable or amusing or that we do as an apology to others and to ourselves for not reaching the mark of a good and life but it does not satisfy us whilst we thrust it on the notice of our companions it may throw dust in their eyes but does not smooth our own brow or give us the tranquillity of the strong when we walk abroad we do penance as we go our talent is a sort of and we are constrained to reflect on our splendid moment with a certain humiliation as somewhat too fine and not as one act of many acts a fair expression of our permanent energy most persons of ability meet in society with a kind of appeal each seems to say i am not all here and have climbed so high with pain enough not because they think the place specially agreeable but as an apology for real worth and to politics manhood in our eyes this conspicuous chair is their compensation to themselves for being of a poor cold hard nature they must do what they can like one class of forest animals they have nothing but a tail climb they must or crawl if a man found himself so rich natured that he could enter into strict relations with the best persons and make life serene around him by the dignity and sweetness of his behavior could he afford to the favor of the and the press and relations so hollow and as those of a surely nobody would be a who could afford to be sincere the tendencies of the times favor the idea of self government and leave the individual for all code	37
to the rewards and of his own constitution which work with more energy than we believe whilst we depend on artificial the movement in this direction has been very marked in modem history much has been blind and but the nature of the revolution is not affected by the vices of the for this is a purely moral force it was never adopted by any party in history neither can be it the individual from all party and him at the same time to the race it promises a s e at vii of higher rights than those of personal freedom or the security of property a man has a right to be employed to be trusted to be loved to be the power of love as the basis of a state has never been tried we must not imagine that all things are into confusion if every tender be not compelled to bear his part in certain social nor doubt that road can be built letters carried and the fruit of labor secured when the government of force is at an end are our methods now so excellent that all competition is hopeless could not a nation of friends even devise better ways on the other hand let not the most and timid fear anything from a premature surrender of the and the system of force for according to the order of nature which is quite superior to our will it stands thus there will always be a government of force where men are selfish and when they are pure enough to the code of force they will be wise enough to see how these public ends of the post office of the highway of commerce and the exchange of property of and of institutions of art and science can be answered we live in a very low state of the world and pay unwilling tribute to founded on there is not among the most religious and politics men of the most religious and civil nations a reliance on the moral sentiment and a sufficient belief in the unity of things to persuade them that society can be maintained without artificial as well as the system or that the private citizen might be reasonable and a good neighbor without the hint of a jail or a what is strange too there never was in any man sufficient faith in the power of to inspire him with the broad design of the state on the principle of right and love all those who have pretended this design have been partial and have admitted in some manner the of the bad state i do not call to mind a single human being who has steadily denied the authority of the laws on the simple ground of his own moral nature such designs full of genius and of fate as they are are not entertained except as air pictures if the individual who them dare to think them practicable he scholars and and men of talent and women of superior sentiments cannot hide their contempt not the less does nature continue to fill the heart of youth with suggestions of this enthusiasm and there are now men if indeed i can speak in the number more exactly i will say i have just to been conversing with one man to whom no weight of adverse experience will make it for a moment appear impossible that thousands of human beings might exercise towards each other the and simplest sentiments as well as a knot of friends oi a pair of lovers and in countless upward waves the moon drawn tide wave in thousand far the parent fruit so in the new bom millions the perfect adam lives not less are summer mornings dear to every child they wake and each with novel life his sphere fills for his proper sake essay viii and i cannot often enough say that a man is only a relative and representative nature each is a hint of the truth but far enough from being that truth which yet he quite newly and inevitably suggests to us if i seek it in him i shall not find it could any man conduct into me the pure stream of that which he to be long afterwards i find that quality elsewhere which he promised me the genius of the is eating to the student yet how few particulars of it can i from all their books the man stands for the thought but will not bear examination and a society of men will represent well enough a certain quality and culture for example chivalry or beauty of manners but separate them and there is no gentleman and no lady in the group the least hint sets us on the pursuit of a character which no man we often i i that th est and utility hich they have we borrow the proportions of the man from that one fine feature and finish the portrait which is false for the rest of his body is small or i observe a person who makes a good public appearance and conclude thence the perfection of his private character on which this is based but he has no private character he is a graceful cloak or lay figure for holidays all our poets heroes and saints fail utterly in some one or in many parts to satisfy our idea fail to draw our spontaneous interest and so leave us without any hope of but in our own future our exaggeration of all fine characters arises from the fact that we identify each in turn with the soul but there are no such men as we fable no nor nor caesar nor nor washington such as we have made we a deal of nonsense because it was allowed by great men there is none without his i verily believe if an angel should come to chant the chorus	37
of the moral law he would eat too much ot take liberties with private letters or do some precious it is bad enough that our cannot do anything useful but it is worse that no man is fit for society who has fine traits he is admired at a distance but he cannot come near without appearing a the men of fine viii parts protect themselves by solitude or by courtesy or by satire or by an worldly manner each concealing as he best can his for useful association but they want either love or self reliance our native love of reality with this experience to teach us a little reserve and to a too sudden surrender to the brilliant qualities of persons young people admire talents or particular as we grow older we value total powers and effects as the impression the quality the spirit of men and things the genius is all the man it is his system we do not try a solitary word or act but his habit the acts which you praise i praise not since they are from his faith and are mere the which tribes and races in one is alone to be respected the men are yet we select a and say o steel number one what heart drawings i feel to thee what prodigious virtues are these of thine how constitutional to thee and whilst we speak the is withdrawn down falls our in a heap with the rest and we continue our to the wretched let us go for for the not for the needles human life and its persons are poor pretensions a personal influence is an if they say it is and great it is great if they say it is small it is small ou see it and you see it not by turns it all its size from the momentary estimation of the the will of the if you go too near if you go too far and only at one angle who can tell if washington be a great man or no who can tell if be yes or any but the twelve or six or three great gods of fame and they too loom and fade before the eternal we are creatures for two elements having two sets of faculties the particular and the catholic we our instrument for general observation and sweep the heavens as easily as we pick out a single figure in the landscape we are practically skilful in elements for which we have no place in our theory and no name thus we are very sensible of an influence in men and in bodies of men not accounted for in an addition of all their properties there is a genius of a nation which is not to be found in the citizens but which the society england strong punctual practical well spoken england i should not find if i should go to the island to seek it in the parliament in the play house at dinner tables i might see a great lumber of rich ignorant book read conventional proud men many old women and not anywhere the englishman who made the good speeches combined the accurate engines and did the bold and nervous deeds it is even worse in america where from the intellectual quickness of the race the genius of the country is more splendid in its promise and more slight in its performance cannot do the work of we conceive distinctly enough the french the spanish the german genius and it is not the less real that perhaps we should not meet in either of those nations a single individual who with the type we infer the spirit of the nation in great from the language which is a sort of monument to which each forcible individual in a course of many hundred years has contributed a stone and universally a good example of this social force is the of language which cannot be in any concerning morals an appeal may be made with safety to the sentiments which the language of the people expresses words and grammar convey the public sense with more purity and precision than the wisest individual in the famous dispute with the the had a good deal of reason general ideas are they are our gods they round and the most partial and sordid way of and our to details cannot quite our life and it of poetry the day is reckoned as standing at the foot of the social scale yet he is with the laws of the world his measures are the hours morning and night and and all the lovely accidents of nature play through his mind money which represents the prose of life and which is hardly spoken of in without an apology is in its effects and laws as beautiful as roses property keeps the accounts of the world and is always moral the property will be found where the labor the wisdom and the virtue have been in nations in classes and the whole life time considered with the in the individual also how wise the world appears when the laws and of nations are largely detailed and the completeness of the system is considered nothing is left out if you go into the and the custom houses the and offices the offices of of and measures of inspection of provisions it will appear as if one man had made it all wherever you go a wit like your own has been before you and has realized its thought the mysteries the egyptian architecture the indian the greek show that there tin were seeing and knowing men in the the world is full of ties of of secret and public of honor that of scholars for example and that of gentlemen with the upper class of every country and every culture i am very much struck in literature by the appearance that	37
one person wrote all the books as if the editor of a journal planted his body of in different parts of the field of action and relieved some by others from time to time but there is such equality and identity both of judgment and point of view in the narrative that it is plainly the work of one all seeing all hearing gentleman i looked into pope s yesterday it is as correct and elegant after our of today as if it were newly written the of all good books seems to give me an existence as wide as man what is well done i feel as if i did what is ill done i not of s passages of passion for example in and hamlet are in the very dialect of the present year i am faithful again to the whole over the members in my use of books i find the most pleasure in reading a book in a manner least flattering to the author i read and sometimes as i might read a dictionary for a me and help to the fancy and the imagination read for the as if one should use a fine picture in a experiment for its rich colors tis not but a piece of nature and fate that i explore it is a greater joy to see the author s author than himself a higher pleasure of the same kind i found lately at a concert where i went to hear s as the master overpowered the and of the and made them of his so it was easy to observe what efforts nature was making through so many hoarse wooden and imperfect persons to produce beautiful voices and soul guided men and women the genius of nature was at the this preference of the genius to the parts is the secret of that of art which is found in all superior minds art in the artist is proportion or a habitual respect to the whole by an eye loving beauty in details and the wonder and charm of it is the in insanity which it proportion is almost impossible to human beings there is no one who does not in conversation men are with personality and talk too much in modern picture and poetry the beauty is miscellaneous the artist works here and there and at all points adding and essay viii adding instead of the of his thought beautiful details we must have or no artist but they must be means and never other the eye must not lose sight for a moment of the purpose lively boys write to their ear and eye and the cool reader finds nothing but sweet in it when they grow older they respect the argument we obey the same intellectual integrity when we study in exceptions the law of the world facts as the never quite of magic and and the new of and are of ideal use they are good indications is insignificant as an art of healing but of great value as criticism on the or medical practice of the time so with and the church they are poor pretensions enough but good criticism on the science philosophy and preaching of the day for these of the ought to be normal and things of course all things show us that on every side we are very near to the best it seems not worth while to execute with too much pains some one intellectual or or civil feat when presently the dream will scatter and we shall burst into universal power the reason of idleness and of crime and is the of our hopes whilst we are waiting we the time with jokes with sleep with eating and with crimes thus we settle it in our cool that all the agents with which we deal are which we can well a to let pass and life will be when we live at the centre and the i wish to speak with all respect of persons but sometimes i must pinch myself to keep awake and preserve the due decorum they melt so fast into each other that they are like grass and trees and it needs an effort to treat them as individuals though the man certainly finds persons a in household matters the divine man does not respect them he sees them as a rack of clouds or a fleet of which the wind drives over the surface of the water but this is flat rebellion nature will not be she and the philosopher in every moment with a million of fresh particulars it is all idle talking as much as a man is a whole so is he also a part and it were partial not to see it what you say in your distribution only you into your class and section you have not got rid of parts by denying them but are the more partial you are one thing but nature is one thing and the other in the e sat same moment she will not remain in a thought but rushes into persons and when each person to a fur of personality would conquer all things to his poor she raises up against him another person and by many persons again a sort of whole she will have all nick bottom play all the parts work it how he may there will be somebody else and the world will be round everything must have its flower or at the beautiful or finer according to its they relieve and recommend each other and the of society is a balance of a thousand she and will only forgive an which is rare and casual we like to come to a height of land and see the landscape just as we value a general remark in conversation but it is not the intention of nature that we should live by general views we fetch fire and water	37
run about all day among the shops and and get our clothes and shoes made and mended and are the victims of these details and once in a fortnight we arrive perhaps at a rational moment if we were not thus if we saw the real from hour to hour we should not be here to write and to read but should have been burned or frozen long ago she would never get anything done if she suffered admirable and universal she and loves better a who dreams all night of wheels and a groom who is part of his horse for she is full of work and these arc her hands as the farmer takes care that his cattle shall eat down the and swine shall eat the waste of his house and poultry shall pick the so our economical mother a new and habit of mind into every district and condition of existence plants an eye wherever a new ray o light can fall and gathering up into some man every property in the universe mutual attractions among her offspring that all this wash and waste of power may be imparted and exchanged great dangers undoubtedly from this and distribution of the and hence nature has her as if she were and of fancied he could have given useful advice but she does not go she has at the bottom of the cup solitude would a plentiful crop of the thinks of men as having his manner or as not having his manner and as having degrees of it more and less but when he comes into a public assembly he sees that men have very different manners from his own and in their way admirable in his childhood and youth he has had many and and thinks at modestly enough of his own afterwards he comes to it in circumstance it seems the only talent he is delighted with his success and accounts himself already the fellow of the great but he goes into a mob into a house into a s shop into a mill into a into a ship into a camp and in each new place he is no better than an idiot other talents take place and rule the hour the which every leaf and to the reaches to every gift of man and we all take turns at the top for nature who has set her heart on breaking up all and tricks and it is so much easier to do what one has done before than to do a new thing that there is a perpetual tendency to a set mode in every conversation even the highest there is a certain trick which may be soon learned by an acute person and then that particular style continued each man too is a tyrant in tendency because he would impose his idea on others and their trick is their natural defence would the race but tom or the helps humanity by resisting this of power hence the immense benefit of party in politics as it faults of character in a chief which the force of the persons with ordinary and and not hurled into by hatred could not have seen since we are all so stupid what benefit that there should be two it is like that brute advantage so essential to of having the of the earth s for a base of its is and runs to but in the state and in the schools it is indispensable to resist the of all men into a few men if john was perfect why are you and i alive as long as any man exists there is some need of him let him fight for his own a new poet has appeared a new character approached us why should we refuse to eat bread until we have found his regiment and section in our old army why not a new man here is a new enterprise of brook farm of of why so impatient to them or port or or by any known and name let it be a new way of living why have only two or three ways of life and not thousands every man is wanted and no man is wanted much we came this time for not for corn we want the great genius only for joy for one star more in our for one tree more in out grove but he thinks we wish to belong to him as he wishes to occupy us he greatly mistakes us i think i have done well if i have acquired a new word from a good my with him is to find my own though it were only to melt him down into an epithet or an image for daily m into win i to the confusion and make it impossible to arrive at any general statement when we have insisted on the of individuals our affections and our experience urge that every individual is entitled to honor and a very generous treatment is sure to be repaid a sees only two or three persons and allows them all their room they spread themselves at lai e the looks at many and the few habitually with others and these look less yet are they not entitled to this generosity of reception and is not the means of insight for though say that the cards beat all the players though they were never so skilful yet in the contest we are now considering the players are also the game and share the power of the cards if you a fine genius the odds are that you are out of your reckoning and instead of the poet are your own of him for there is somewhat and infinite in every man especially in every genius which if you can come very near sports with all your and for rightly every man is a through which heaven and whilst i fancied	37
i was him i was or rather my own soul after as a artificial worldly i took up this book of and found him an indian of the wilderness a piece of pure nature like an apple or an oak large as morning or night and virtuous as a rose but care is taken that the whole tune shall be played if we were not kept among everything would be large and universal now the excluded attributes burst in on us with the more brightness that they have been excluded your turn now my turn next is the rule of the game the being in its form comes in the secondary form of all sides the points come in succession to the and by the speed of a new whole is formed nature keeps herself whole and her representation complete in the experience of each mind she suffers no seat to be vacant in her college it is the secret of the world that all things and do not die but only retire a little from sight and afterwards return again whatever does not concern us is concealed from us as soon as a person is no longer related to our present well being he is concealed or dies as we say really all things essay viii and persons are related to us but according to nature they act on us not at once but in succession and we are made aware of their presence one at a time all persons all things which we have known are here present and many more than we see the world is full as the ancient said the world is a or solid and if we saw all things that really surround us we should be imprisoned and unable to move for though nothing is to the soul but all things are to it and like yet this is only whilst the soul does not see them as soon as the soul sees any object it stops before that object therefore the divine providence which keeps the universe open in every direction to the soul all the furniture and all the persons that do not concern a particular soul from the senses of that individual through eternal things the man finds his road as if they did not and does not once suspect their being as soon as he needs a new object suddenly he it and no longer attempts to pass through it but takes another way when he has exhausted for the time the nourishment to be drawn from any one person or thing that object is withdrawn from his observation and though still in his immediate neighborhood he does not suspect its presence nothing is dead men themselves dead and endure mock and and mournful and there they stand looking out of the window sound and well in some new and strange disguise is not dead he is very well alive nor john nor paul nor nor at times we believe we have seen them all and could easily tell the names under which they go if we cannot make voluntary and conscious steps in the admirable science of let us see the parts wisely and infer the genius of nature from the best particulars with a becoming charity what is best in each kind is an index of what should be the average of that thing love shows me the of nature by to me in my friend a hidden wealth and i infer an equal depth of good in every other direction it is commonly said by farmers that a good or apple costs no more time or pains to rear than a poor one so i would have no work of art no speech or action or thought or friend but the best the end and the means the and the game life is made up of the and reaction of these two powers whose marriage appears beforehand monstrous as each and to the other we must reconcile the as we can but their discord and their introduce wild into our thinking and speech no sentence will hold th essay whole and the only way in which we can be just is by giving the lie speech is better than silence silence is better than speech all things are in contact every has a sphere of things are and are not at the same time and the like all the universe over there is but one thing this old two face mind matter right wrong of which any proposition may be affirmed or denied yery therefore i assert that every man is a that nature him as an instrument by preventing the tendencies to religion and science and now further assert that each man s genius being nearly and affectionately he is justified in his individuality as his nature is found to be immense and now i add that every man is a also and as our earth whilst it on its own all the time around the sun through the celestial spaces so the least of its rational children the most to his private affair works out though as it were under a disguise the universal problem we fancy men are individuals so are but every in the field goes through every point of history the as soon as he is and rich man has beyond possibility of sincere and unless he can resist the un he must be the remainder of his and days lord said in his old age that if he were to begin life again he would be damned but he would begin as we hide this if we can but it appears at all points we are as ungrateful as children there is nothing we cherish and strive to draw to us but in some hour we turn and it we keep a running fire of sarcasm at ignorance and the life of the senses then	37
goes by perchance a fair girl a piece of life gay and happy and making the commonest offices beautiful by the energy and heart with which she does them and seeing this we admire and love her and them and say lo a genuine creature of the fair earth not dissipated or too early by books philosophy religion or care a treachery and contempt for all we had so long loved and wrought in and others if we could have any security against moods f the prophet could be to his words and the who is ready to sell all and join the could have any that to morrow his prophet shall not his testimony but the truth sits veiled there on the bench and never an syllable and the most sincere and doctrine put as if the ark of god were carried forward some and planted there for the of essay tin the world shall in a few weeks be coldly set aside by the same speaker as morbid i thought i was right but i was not and the same demanded for new if we were not of all opinions if we did not in any moment shift the platform on which we stand and look and speak from another if there could be any any one hour rule that a man should never leave his point of view without sound of trumpet i am always as always knowing there are other moods how sincere and confidential we can be saying all that lies in the mind and yet go away feeling that all is yet from the of the parties to know each other although they use the same words my companion to know my mood and habit of thought and we go on from explanation to explanation until all is said which words can and we leave matters just as they were at first because of that vicious assumption is it that every man believes every other to be an and himself a i talked yesterday with a pair of philosophers i endeavored to show my good men that i love everything by turns and nothing long that i loved the centre but on the that i loved man if men seemed to me and rats that i saints but woke up glad that and the old pagan world stood its ground and died hard that i was glad of men of every gift and nobility but would not live in their arms could they but once understand that i loved to know that they existed and heartily wished them yet out of my poverty of life and thought had no word or welcome for them when they came to see me and could well consent to their living in for any claim i felt on them it would be a great satisfaction new england in the in tbe town on the railway in the square came a beam of goodness down daylight everywhere peace now each for malice takes beauty for his sinful weeds for the angel hope aye him an angel whom she leads i new england a the in hall ow whoever has had opportunity of acquaintance with society in new england during the last twenty five years with those middle and with those leading sections that may constitute any just representation of the character and aim of the community will have been struck with the great activity of thought and his attention must be commanded by the signs that the church or religious party is falling from the church and is appearing in and non resistance societies in movements of and of and in very significant called sabbath and bible composed of of of all the soul of the of and meeting to call in question the authority of the sabbath of the and of the church in these movements nothing was more remarkable than the lecture at hall content they in the the spirit of protest and of drove the members of these to bear testimony against the church and immediately afterward to declare their discontent with the e their independence of their and their impatience of the methods whereby they were working they defied each other like a of kings each of whom had a realm to rule and a way of his own that made concert what a of projects for the salvation of the world one thought all men should go to farming and another that no man should buy or sell that the use of money was the cardinal evil another that the mischief was in our diet that we eat and drink these made bread and were foes to the death to it was in vain urged by the that god made as well as and loves just as dearly as he loves vegetation that the element in the and makes it more and more no they wish the pure wheat and will die but it shall not stop dear nature these incessant advances of thine let us scotch these ever rolling wheels others attacked the system of the use of animal in farming and the tyranny of man over brute nature these new england his food the ox must be taken from the plough and the horse from the cart the hundred acres of the farm must be and the man must walk wherever boats and will not carry him even the insect world was to be defended that had been too long neglected and a society for the protection of ground worms and was to be without delay with these appeared the of of of of and their wonderful theories of the christian miracles others assailed particular as that of the lawyer that of the merchant of the of the clergyman of the scholar others attacked the institution of marriage as the fountain of social evils others devoted themselves to the worrying of churches and meetings for public worship and the	37
fertile forms of among the elder seemed to have their match in the plenty of the new harvest of reform with this din of opinion and debate there was a of institutions and domestic life any we had known there was sincere protesting against existing evils and there were changes of employment dictated by conscience no doubt there was plentiful and cases of might occur but in each of these movements at ed a good result a tendency to the of methods and an assertion of the of the private man thus it was directly in the spirit and genius of the age what happened in one instance when a church and threatened to one of its members on account of the somewhat hostile part to the church which his conscience led him to take in the anti slavery business the threatened individual immediately the church in a public and formal process this has been several times repeated it was excellent when it was done the first time but of course loses all value when it is copied every project in the history of reform no matter how violent and surprising is good when is the dictate of a man s genius and constitution but very dull and suspicious when adopted from another it is right and beautiful in any man to say i will take this coat or this book or this measure of corn of yours in whom we see the act to be original and to flow from the whole spirit and faith of him for then that taking will have a giving as free and divine but we are very easily disposed to resist the same generosity of speech when we miss originality and truth to character in it there was in all the practical of new england for the last quarter of a century a gradual new england of tender from the social there is throughout the contest between mechanical and spiritual methods but with a steady tendency of the thoughtful and virtuous to a deeper belief and reliance on spiritual facts in politics for example it is easy to see the progress of the country is full of rebellion the country is full of kings hands off let there be no control and no interference in the administration of the affairs of this kingdom of me hence the growth of the doctrine and of the party of free trade and the to try that experiment in the face of what appear facts i confess the motto of the globe newspaper is so attractive to me that i can seldom find much appetite to read what is below it in its columns the world is governed too much so the country is frequently affording solitary examples of resistance to the government solitary who throw themselves on their reserved rights nay who have reserved all their rights who reply to the and to the clerk of court that they do not know the state and the courts of law by non and the commander in chief of the by non resistance the same disposition to scrutiny and appeared in civil and domestic at hall society a restless criticism broke out in unexpected quarters who gave me the money with which i bought my coat why should professional labor and that of the be paid so to the labor of the porter and this whole business of trade gives me to pause and think as it false relations between men inasmuch as i am prone to count myself relieved of any responsibility to behave well and nobly to that person whom i pay with money whereas if i had not that i should be put on my good behavior in all companies and man would be a benefactor to man as being himself his only that he had a right to those and services which each asked of the other am i not too protected a person is there not a wide between the lot of me and the lot of thee my poor brother my poor sister am i not of my best culture in the loss of those which manual labor and the of poverty constitute i find nothing or in the smooth of society i do not like the close air of i begin to suspect myself to be a prisoner though treated with all this and luxury i pay a destructive tax in my the same criticism may be traced in new england the efforts for the reform of education the popular education has been with a want of truth and nature it was complained that an education to things was not given we are students of words we are shut up in schools and and rooms for ten or fifteen years and come out at last with a bag of wind a memory of words and do not know a thing we cannot use our hands or our legs or our eyes or our arms we do not know an root in the woods we cannot tell our course by the stars nor the hour of the day by the sun it is well if we can swim and we are afraid of a horse of a cow of a dog of a snake of a spider the roman rule was to teach a boy nothing that he could not learn standing the old english rule was all summer in the field and all winter in the study and it seems as if a man should learn to plant or to fish or to hunt that he might secure his at all events and not be painful to his friends and the lessons of science should be also the sight of the planet through a is worth all the course on the shock of the electric spark in the elbow all the theories the taste of the the firing of an artificial are better than volumes of one of the traits	37
of the new spirit is the at it fixed on our devotion to the dead languages the ancient languages with great beauty of structure contain wonderful remain of genius which draw and always will draw certain men greek men and roman men in all countries to their study but by a wonderful of usage they had the study of au men once say two centuries ago latin and greek had a strict relation to all the science and culture there was in europe and the had a momentary importance at some era of activity in physical science these things became as education as the manner of men is but the good spirit never cared for the and though all men and boys were now in latin greek and it had quite left these shells high and dry on the beach and was now creating and feed ing other matters at other ends of the world bu m a hundred high schools and this warfare against common sense still goes on four or six or ten years the pupil is greek and latin and as soon as he leaves the university as it is he those books for the last time some thousands of young men are at our in this country every year and the persons who at forty years still read greek can all be counted on your hand i never met with ten pour or five persons i have seen new england but is not this absurd that the whole liberal talent of this country should be directed in its best years on studies which lead to nothing what was the consequence some intelligent persons said or thought is that greek and latin some spell to with and not words of reason if the physician the lawyer the divine never use it to come at their ends i need never learn it to come at mine is gone out of fashion and i will omit this and go straight to affairs so they jumped the greek and latin and read law medicine or sermons without it to the astonishment of all the self made men took even ground at once with the oldest of the regular and in a few months the most circles of boston and new york had quite forgotten who of their was and who was not one tendency appears alike in the philosophical speculation and in the movements through all the and all the the wish namely to cast aside the superfluous and arrive at short methods urged as i suppose by an that the human spirit is equal to all alone and that man is more often injured than helped by the means he uses i conceive this gradual casting off of material bids and the of growing in private self supplied powers of the to be the affirmative principle of the recent philosophy and that it is feeling its own profound truth and is reaching forward at this very hour to the happiest conclusions i readily that in this as in every period of intellectual activity there has been a noise of denial and protest much was to be resisted much was to be got rid of by those who were reared in the old before they could begin to affirm and to many a in his removal of rubbish and that makes the of the class they are partial they are not equal to the work they pretend they lose their way in the assault on the kingdom of darkness they all their energy on some accidental evil and lose their and power of benefit it is of little moment that one or two or twenty errors of our social system be corrected but of much that the man be in his senses the criticism and attack on institutions which we have witnessed has made one thing plain that society gains nothing whilst a man not himself attempts to things around him he has become good in some particular but or narrow in the rest and and vanity are often the disgusting result it is to remain in the establishment new england better than the establishment and conduct that in the best manner than to make a sally against evil by some single improvement without supporting it by a total do not be so vain of your one objection do you think there is only one alas my good friend there is no part of society or of life better than any other part all our things are right and wrong together the wave of evil all our institutions alike do you complain of our marriage our marriage is no worse than our education our diet our trade our social customs do you complain of the laws of property it is a to give such importance to them can we not play the game of life with these as well as with those in the institution of property as well as out of it let into it the new and principle of love and property will be no one gives the impression of superiority to the institution which he must give who will reform it it makes no what you say you must make me feel that you are aloof from it by your natural and supernatural advantages do easily see to the end of it do see how man can do without it now all men are on one side no man deserves to be heard against property only love only an idea is against property as we hold it i cannot afford to be and nor at hall to waste all my time in attacks if i should go out of church whenever i hear a false sentiment i could never stay there five but why come out the street is as false as the church and when i get to my house or to my manners or to my speech i have not got	37
away from the lie when we see an eager of one of these wrongs a special we feel like asking him what right have you sir to your one virtue is virtue this is a jewel amidst the rags of a beggar in another way the right will be in the midst of in the heart of cities in the of false churches alike in one place and in another wherever namely a just and heroic soul finds itself there it will do what is next at hand and by the new quality of character it shall put forth it shall that old condition law or school in which it stands before the law of its own mind if partiality was one fault of the movement party the other defect was their reliance on association doubts such as those i have intimated drove many good persons to the questions of social reform but the revolt against the spirit of commerce the spirit of aristocracy and the of cities did not appear possible to individuals and to do battle against numbers they new england armed themselves with numbers and against concert they relied on new concert following or advancing beyond the ideas of st of and of three have already been formed in on kindred plans and many more in the country at large they aim to give every member a share in the manual labor to give an equal reward to labor and to talent and to unite a liberal culture with an education to labor the scheme offers by the of associated labor and expense to make every member rich on the same amount of property that in separate families would leave every member poor these new associations are composed of men and women of superior talents and sentiments yet it may easily be questioned whether such a community will draw except in its the able and the good whether those who have energy will not prefer their chance of superiority and power in the world to the humble of the association whether such a retreat does not promise to become an asylum to those who have tried and failed rather than a field to the strong and whether the members will not necessarily be of men because each finds that he cannot enter it without some compromise friendship and association are very fine things and a grand of the best of the human i at race for some catholic object yes lent but remember that no society can ever be sa large as one man he in his friendship in his natural and momentary associations or himself but in the hour in which he himself to two or ten or twenty he himself below the stature of one but the men of less faith could not thus believe and to such concert appears the sole specific of strength i have failed and you have failed but perhaps together we shall not fail our housekeeping is not satisfactory to us but perhaps a a community might be many of us have differed in opinion and we could find no man who could make the truth plain but possibly a college or an council might i have not been able either to persuade my brother or to prevail on myself to the traffic or the of brandy but perhaps a pledge of total might effectually restrain us the candidate my party for is not to be trusted with a dollar but he will be honest in the for we can bring public opinion to bear on him thus concert was the specific in all cases but concert is neither better nor worse neither more nor less potent than individual force all the men in the world cannot make a statue walk and speak cannot make a drop of blood or a blade of grass any more than one england man can but let there be one man let there be truth in two men in ten men then is concert for the first time possible because the force which moves the world is a new quality and can never be furnished by adding whatever quantities of a different kind what is the use of the concert of the false and the there can be no concert in two where there is no concert in one when the individual is not individual but is when his thoughts look one way and his actions another when his faith is traversed by his habits when his will enlightened by reason is by his sense when with one hand he rows and with the other backs water what concert can be i do not wonder at the interest these projects inspire the world is to the idea of union and these experiments show what it is thinking of it is and will be magic men will live and communicate and plough and reap and govern as by added ethereal power when once they are united as in a celebrated experiment by and exactly together four persons lift a heavy man from the ground by the little finger only and without sense of weight but this union must be inward and not one of and is to be reached by a reverse of the methods they use the union is only perfect when all the are isolated it is the union of friends who live in li at hall different streets or towns each man if be attempts to join himself to others is on all sides cramped and diminished of his proportion and the the union the smaller and the more pitiful he is but leave him alone to recognize in every hour and place the secret soul he will go up and down doing the works of a true member and to the astonishment of all the work will be done with concert though no man spoke government will be without any governor the union must be ideal in actual i	37
pass to the indication in some particulars of that faith in man which the heart is preaching to us in these days and which the more regard from the consideration that the speculations of one generation are the history of the next following in alluding just now to our system of education i spoke of the of its details but it is open to graver criticism than the of its members it is a system of despair the disease with which the human mind now labors is want of faith men do not believe in a power of education we do not think we can speak to divine sentiments in man and we do not try we all high aims we believe that the defects of so many perverse and so many frivolous people who make up society are and society is a hospital of new england a man of good sense but of little faith whose compassion seemed to lead him to church as often as he went there said to me that he liked to have and and churches and other public amusements go on i am afraid the remark is too honest and comes from the same origin as the of the tyrant if you would rule the world quietly you must keep it amused i notice too that the ground on which eminent public servants urge the claims of popular education is fear this country is filling up with thousands and millions of and you must them to keep them from our throats we do not believe that any education any system of philosophy any influence of genius will ever give depth of insight to a superficial mind having settled ourselves into this our skill is expended to procure diversion we adorn the victim with manual skill his tongue with languages his body with and comely manners so have we hid the tragedy of and inner death we cannot is it strange that society should be devoured by a secret melancholy which breaks through all its smiles and all its and games but even one step farther our has gone it appears that some doubt is felt by good and wise men whether really the happiness and cf at hall men is increased by the culture of the mind ui those to which we give the name of tion unhappily too the doubt comes from scholars from persons who have tried these methods in their experience the scholar was not raised by the sacred thoughts amongst which he dwelt but used them to selfish ends he was a profane person and became a turning his gifts to a use and not to his own and growth it was found that the intellect could be developed that is in separation from the man as any single organ can be and the result was monstrous a appetite for knowledge was which must still be fed but was never satisfied and this knowledge not being directed on action never took the character of substantial humane truth blessing those whom it entered it gave the scholar certain powers of expression the power of speech the power of poetry of literary art but it did not bring him to peace or to when the literary class betray a of faith it is not strange that society should be and by what remedy life must be lived on a higher plane we must go up to a higher platform to which we are always invited to ascend there the whole aspect of things changes i resist the of our england b l education and of our educated men i do not he that the differences of opinion and in men are i do not recognize beside the class of the good and the wise a permanent class of or a class of or of or of i do not believe in two classes you remember the story of the poor woman who king philip of to grant her justice which philip refused the woman exclaimed i appeal the king astonished asked to whom she appealed the woman replied from philip drunk to philip sober the text will suit me very well i believe not in two classes of men but in in two moods in philip drunk and philip sober i think according to the good hearted word of unwillingly the soul is deprived of truth iron or thief no man is but by a supposed necessity which he by or of sight the soul lets no man go without some and of a presence it would be easy to show by a narrow of any man s biography that we are not so wedded to our paltry performances of every kind but that every man has at intervals the grace to scorn his performances in comparing them with his belief of what he should do that he puts himself on the side of his enemies listening gladly to what they say of him and him self of the same things lecture at hall what is it men love in genius but its infinite which all it has done genius counts all its miracles poor and short its idea it never executed the the hamlet the column the roman arch the the german when they are ended the master casts behind him how sinks the song in the waves of melody which the universe over his soul before that gracious infinite out of which he drew these few strokes how mean they look though the praises of the world attend them from the triumphs of his art he turns with desire to this greater defeat let those admire who will with silent joy he sees himself to be cap le of a beauty that all which his hands have done all which human hands have ever done well we are all the children of genius the children of virtue and feel their in our happier hours is not every man sometimes	37
a radical in politics men are when they are least vigorous or when they are most luxurious they are after dinner or before taking their rest when they are sick or aged in the morning or when their intellect or their conscience have been aroused when they hear music or when they read poetry they are id the circle of the that could be col in england old or new let a powerful and new england intellect a man of great heart and mind act on them and very quickly these frozen will yield to the friendly influence these hopeless will begin to hope these will begin to love these immovable statues will begin to spin and i cannot help recalling the fine anecdote which relates of bishop when he was preparing to leave england with his plan of planting the gospel among the american savages lord told me that the members of the club being met at his house at dinner they agreed to rally wh was also his guest on his scheme at having listened to the many lively things they had to say begged to be heard in his turn and displayed his plan with such an astonishing force of eloquence and enthusiasm that they were struck dumb and after some pause rose up all together with earnestness exclaiming let us set out with him immediately men in all ways are better than they seem they like flattery for the moment but they know the truth for their own it is a foolish cowardice which keeps us from trusting them and speaking to them rude truth they resent your honesty for an instant they will thank you for it always what is it we heartily wish of each other is it to be pleased and flattered no but to be convicted and ex at posed to be out of our nonsense of al kinds and made men of instead of ghosts and we are weary of gliding like through the world which is itself so slight and unreal we a sense of reality though it come in strokes of pain i explain so by this love of truth those and into which souls of great vigor but not equal insight often fall they feel the poverty at the bottom of all the seeming of the world they know the speed with which they come straight through the thin and conceive a disgust at the of nature charles p ox napoleon and i could easily add names nearer home of raging who drive their so hard in the violence of living to forget its illusion they would know the worst and tread the floors of hell the heroes of ancient and modern fame alexander caesar have treated life and fortune as a game to be well and played but the stake not to be so valued but that any time it could be held as a trifle light as air and thrown up caesar just before the battle of with the egyptian priest concerning the fountains of the and to quit the army the empire and if he will him those mysterious sources new england the same shows itself in our social relations in the preference which each man gives to the society of over that of his equals all that a man has will he give for right relations with his mates all that he has will he give for an erect in every company and on each occasion he aims at such things as his neighbors prize and gives his and nights his talents and his heart to strike a good stroke to himself in all men s sight as a man the consideration of an eminent citizen of a noted merchant of a man of mark in his profession naval aud military honor a general s commission a s a the laurel of poets and anyhow procured the acknowledgment of eminent merit have this lustre for each candidate that they enable him to walk erect and in the presence of some persons before whom he felt himself inferior having raised himself to this rank having established his equality with class after class of those with whom he would live well he still finds certain others before whom he cannot possess himself because they have somewhat fairer somewhat somewhat which homage of him is his ambition pure then will his and his possessions seem worthless instead of avoiding these men who make his fine gold dim lie will cast all behind him lecture at hall and seek their society only and embrace this his humiliation and mortification until he shall know why his eye sinks his voice is and his brilliant talents are in this presence he is sure that the soul which gives the lie to all things will tell none his constitution will not him if it cannot carry itself as it ought high and in the presence of any man if the secret whose whisper makes the sweetness and dignity of his life do here withdraw and accompany him no longer it is time to what he has valued to himself of what he has acquired and with caesar to take in his hand the army the empire and and say all these will i if you will show me the fountains of the dear to us are those who love us the swift moments we spend with them are a compensation for a great deal of misery they our life but dearer are those who reject us as unworthy for they add another life they build a heaven before us whereof we had not dreamed and thereby supply to us new powers out of the recesses of the spirit and urge us to new and performances as every man at heart wishes the best and net inferior society wishes to be convicted of his error and to come to himself so he wishes that the same healing should	37
not stop in his thought but should new england penetrate his will or active power the selfish man suffers more from his selfishness than he from whom that selfishness some important benefit what he most wishes is to be lifted to some higher platform that he may see beyond his present fear the good so that his fear his coldness his custom may be broken up like fragments of ice melted and carried away in the great stream of good will do you ask my aid also wish to be a benefactor i wish more to be a benefactor and servant than you wish to be served by me and surely the greatest good fortune that could befall me is precisely to be so moved by you that i should say take me and all mine and use me and mine freely to your ends for i could not say it otherwise than because a great had come to my heart and mind which made me superior to my fortunes here we are with fear we hold on to our little properties house and land office and money for the bread which they have in our experience yielded us although we confess that our being does not flow through them we desire to be made great we desire to be touched with that fire which shall command this ice to stream and make our existence a benefit if therefore we start objections to your project o friend of the slave or friend of the poor or of the race understand well that it is because we at hall wish to drive you to drive ns into we wish to hear ourselves we are haunted with a belief that you have a t which it would advantage us to learn and we would force you to impart it to us though it should bring us to prison or to worse extremity nothing shall me from the belief that every man is a lover of truth there is no pure lie no pure in nature the entertainment of the proposition of is the last and there is no no but that could it be received into common belief suicide would the planet it has had a name to in some but each man s innocence and his real liking of his neighbor have kept it a dead letter i remember standing at the one day when the anger of he political contest gave a certain to the faces of the independent and a good man at my side looking on the people remarked i am satisfied that the largest part of these men on either side mean to vote right i suppose considerate looking at the masses of men in their and in their actions will assent that in spite of selfishness and the general purpose in the great number of persons is fidelity the reason why any one refuses his assent to your opinion or his aid to your benevolent design england is in you lie refuses to accept you as a of truth because though you think you have it he feels that you have it not you have not given him the sign if it were worth while to run into details this general doctrine of the latent but ever spirit it would be easy to illustration in particulars of a man s equality to the church of his equality to the state and of his equality to every other man it is yet in all men s memory that a few years ago the liberal churches com that the church denied to them the name of christian i think the complaint was confession a religious church would not complain a religious man like fox or is not irritated by wanting the sanction of the church but the church feels the accusation of his presence and belief it only needs that a just man should walk in our streets to make it appear how pitiful and a contrivance is our the man whose part is taken and who does not wait for society in anything has a power which society cannot choose but feel the familiar experiment called the in which a column of water the ocean is a symbol of the relation of one man to the whole family of men the wise on hearing the at hall of and read judged them to be great men every way that they were too much subjected to the rev of the laws which to second and true virtue must very much of its original vigor and as a man is equal to the church and equal to the state so he is equal to every other man the of power in men are superficial and all frank and searching conversation in which a man lays himself open to his brother of their radical unity when two persons sit and converse in a thoroughly good understanding the remark is sure to be made see how we have disputed about words let a clear apprehensive mind such as every man knows among his friends converse with the most commanding poetic genius i think it would appear that there was no such as men fancy between them that a per feet understanding a like receiving a like perceiving differences and the poet would confess that his imagination gave him no deep advantage but only the superficial one that he could express himself and the other could not that his advantage was a which might impose on indolent men but could not impose on lovers of truth for they know the tax of talent or what a price of greatness the power of expression new england j too often pays i believe it is the conviction of the purest men that the net amount of man and man does not much vary each is superior to his companion in some faculty his want of skill in other directions has added to his fitness	37
flies at three years ago ten thousand persons were crushed in a few minutes the at sea the sword of the climate in the west of africa at at at new cut off men like a our western shakes with fever and the the small have proved as mortal to some fate tribes as a frost to tlie cr which having filled the summer with noise are silenced by a fall of the temperature of one night without what does not concern us or how many species of hang on a or groping after or or the of alternate generation the forms of the the the jaw of the sea wolf paved with crushing teeth the weapons of the and other warriors hidden in the sea are of ferocity in the of nature let us not deny it up and down providence has a wild rough road to its end and it is of no use to try to its huge mixed or to dress up that terrific benefactor in a clean shirt and white of a student in divinity will you say the which threaten mankind are exceptional and one need not lay his account for every day ay but what happens once may happen again and so long as these strokes are not to be by us they must be feared but these and ruins are less destructive to us the stealthy power of other laws which act on us daily an expense of ends to means is fate organization over character the or forms and powers of the is a book of fate the bill of the bird the skull of the snake its limits so is the scale of races of so is sex so is climate so is the reaction of talents the vital power in certain directions every spirit makes i s house but afterwards the house the spirit conduct of life the gross lines are to the dull the is so far he looks in your face to see if his shilling is sure a dome of brow one thing a pot belly another a a nose of hair the of the betray character people seem in their tough organization ask ask the doctors ask if decide nothing or if there be anything they do not decide read the description in medical books of the four and you will think you are reading your own thoughts which you had not yet told find the part which black eyes and which blue eyes play in the company how shall a man escape from his ancestors or draw off from his veins the black drop which he drew from his father s or his mother s life it often appears in a family as if all the qualities of the were in several some ruling quality in each son or daughter of the house and the temperament the rank the family vice is drawn off in a separate individual and the others are relieved we sometimes see a change of expression in our companion and say his father or his mother comes to the windows of his eyes and sometimes a remote relative in different hours a man represents each of several of his ancestors as if there were seven or eight of us rolled up in each man s skin seven or eight ancestors at least and they constitute the variety of notes for that new piece of music which his life is at the corner of the street you read the possibility of each passenger in the angle in the complexion in the depth of his eye his it men are what their mothers made them you may as well ask a loom which why it does not make as expect poetry from this engineer or a discovery from that ask the in the ditch to explain s laws the fine organs of his brain have been pinched by and poverty from father to son for a hundred years when each comes forth from liis mother s the gate of gifts behind him let him value his hands and feet he has but one pair so he has but one future and that is already in his and described in that little face pig eye and form all the privilege and all the of the world cannot or help to make a poet or a prince of him said when he on her he hath committed but he is an before he has yet looked on the woman by the of animal and the defect of thought in his constitution who meets him or who meets her in the street sees that they are ripe to be each other s victim in certain men and sex the vital force and the stronger these are the individual is so much weaker the more of these perish the better for the hive if later they give birth to some superior individual with force enough to add to this animal a new aim and a complete apparatus to work it out all the ancestors are gladly forgotten most men and most women are merely one couple more now and then one has a new cell or opened in his brain an a musical or a conduct of life some stray taste or talent for flowers or or or story telling a good hand for drawing a good foot for dancing an frame for wide etc which skill rank in the scale of nature but serves to pass the time the life of sensation going on as before at last these hints and tendencies are fixed in one or in a succession each so much food and force as to become itself a new centre the new talent draws so rapidly the vital force that not enough remains for the animal functions hardly enough for health so that in the second generation if the like genius appear the	37
health is visibly and the force people are born with the moral or with the material bias brothers with this destination and i suppose with high mr or dr carpenter might come to distinguish in the at the fourth day this is a and that a free it was a poetic attempt to lift this mountain of fate to reconcile this of race with liberty which led the to fate is nothing but the deeds committed in a prior state of existence i find the coincidence of the extremes of eastern and western speculation in the daring statement of there is in every man a certain feeling that he has been what he is from all eternity and by no means became such in time to say it less in the history of the individual is always an account of his condition and he knows himself to be a party to his present estate fate a good deal of our politics is now and then a man of wealth in the of youth the of freedom in england there is always some man of wealth and large connection planting himself during all his years of health on the side of progress who as soon as he begins to die his forward play calls in his troops and becomes all are such from personal defects they have been by position or nature born halt and blind through luxury of their parents and can only like act on the but strong natures new giants are inevitable until their life and their defects and and money them the strongest idea itself in and nations in the and strongest probably the election goes by weight and if you could weigh bodily tlie of any hundred of the and the party in a town on the balance as tliey passed the you could with certainty which party would carry it on the it would be rather the way of deciding the vote to put the or the mayor and at the in science we have to consider two things power and circumstance all we know of the egg from each successive discovery is another and if after five hundred years you get a better observer or a better glass he finds within the last observed another in vegetable and animal it is just alike and all that the b is von v r h iv tr r v v r ix v v s v v v s ui re a i i v c c x jl i v iu darkness iu c x a v n c c s v end iu u c v t e a l u l v v v cr q r head ir vi v i vi v i v r r ji iv is nature na u a t x v is u you may r o v i v i c s and the i v c c x i r w s now wo iu v e r cr c s ii ce is half ni i tin ui i ou us c w i s jt v le thick w i o r u l c x vi i c ui ous of a k u v in r e ni i s track but do i i c k n u t v i or n r io u b tv v i ie ground of i f e she turns m u if ti u i le on ij a t v r v f then a us aj d a k i v f v w ages and a of a i u s d a of ami mud t s ai iv r l or tu t r tr iv l rude in has o n her future s a r r u d the fine of hot ui ij t o of planet ind the oi aud n is but when a race has its it no more fate tlie population of the world is a population not the best but the best that could now and the scale of tribes and the with which victory to one tribe and defeat to another is as uniform as the of we know in history what belongs to race we see the english and planting themselves on every shore and market of america and and the commerce of these countries we like the nervous and victorious habit of our own branch of the family we follow the step of the jew of the indian of the negro we see how much will has been expended to the jew in vain look at the conclusions of in his of races a rash and unsatisfactory writer but charged with and truths nature respects race and not every race has its own a colony from the race and it to the see the shades of the picture the german and irish millions like the negro have a great deal of in their destiny they are over the atlantic and over america to ditch and to to make corn cheap and then to lie down to make a spot of green grass on the one more of these is the new science of it is a rule that the most casual and extraordinary events if the basis of population is broad enough become matter of fixed calculation it would not be safe to say when a captain like a singer like or a like conduct of life would be born boston but on a population of twenty or two hundred millions like accuracy may be had t is frivolous to fix the date of particular inventions they have all been invented over and over fifty times man is the machine of wliich all these drawn from himself are toy models he helps himself on each emergency	37
by or his own structure just so far as the need is t is hard to find the right or harder still to find the or or or or or the there are scores and centuries of them the air is full of men this kind of talent so this tool making as if it to the as if the air he breathes were made of and doubtless in every million there will be an a a comic poet a mystic no one can read the history of without perceiving that are not new men or a new kind of men but that had anticipated them each had the same tense brain apt for the same vigorous and logic a mind everything which to the species considered os a whole belongs to the order of physical facts the the number of individuals the more does the c of the individual will disappear leaving to a series of general facts dependent on causes by which society exists and preserved parallel to the movement of the ld the mile probably rested on a measure of a degree of the and chinese know what we know of leap year of the and of the of the as in every barrel of brought to new there shall be one so there will in a dozen millions of and be one or two in a large city the most casual things and things whose beauty lies ii their are produced as and to order as the baker s for breakfast punch makes exactly one capital joke a week and the journals contrive to furnish one good piece of news every day and not less work the laws of the of functions famine frost war suicide and races must be reckoned parts of the system of the world these are pebbles from the mountain hints of the terms by which our life is walled up and which show a kind of mechanical as of a loom or mill in what we call casual or events the force with which we resist these torrents of tendency looks so inadequate that it to little more than a criticism or a protest made by a of one under of millions i seemed in the height of a tempest to see men overboard struggling in the waves and driven about here and there they glanced at each other but t was little they could do for one another t was much if each could keep afloat alone well they had a right to their and all the rest was fate conduct of life we cannot trifle witli this reality this out in our planted gardens of tlie core of the world no picture of life can have any that does not admit the odious facts a man s power is in by a necessity which by many experiments he touches on every side until he its arc the element running through entire nature which we call fate is known to us as whatever limits us we call fate if we are brute and barbarous the fate takes a brute and dreadful shape as we our cheeks become finer if we rise to spiritual culture the takes a spiritual form in the follows through all her a changes from insect and fish up to whatever form she took he took the male form of that kind until she became at last woman and goddess and he a man and a god the as the soul but the ring of necessity is always perched at the top when the gods in the heaven were unable to bind the wolf with steel or with weight of mountains the one he snapped and the other he with his heel they put round his foot a limp band softer than silk or and this held him the more ho it the it drew so soft and so is the of fate neither brandy nor nor nor hell fire nor nor poetry nor genius can get rid of this limp band for if we give it tlie high sense in which the poets use it even thought itself is not above fate that too must act according to eternal laws and all that is wilful and fantastic in it is in opposition to its essence fate and last of all high over thought in the world of morals fate appears as the high lifting the low requiring justice in man and always striking soon or late when justice is not what is useful will last what is will sink the must suffer said the you would soothe a deity not to be soothed god himself cannot procure good for the wicked said the god may consent but only for a time said tlie bard of spain the is by any insight of man in its last and insight itself and the freedom of the will is one of its obedient members but we must not run into too large but show the natural bounds or essential and seek to do justice to the other elements as well thus we trace fate in matter mind and morals in race in of and in and character as well it is everywhere bound or but fate has its lord its limits is different seen from above and from below from within and from without for though fate is immense so is power which is the other fact in the world immense if fate follows and limits power power and fate we must respect fate as natural history but there is more than natural history for who and what is this criticism that into the matter man is not order of nature sack and sack belly and members link in a chain nor any baggage but a a dragging together of the poles of the universe he his relation to what is below him conduct of life thick ill disguised hardly escaped into	37
aud has paid for the new powers by loss of some of the old ones but the lightning which and fashions maker of planet and is in him on one side order and granite rock forest sea and shore and on the other part the spirit which and nature here they are side by side god and devil mind and matter king and belt and riding peacefully together in the eye and brain of every man nor can he the free will to hazard the contradiction freedom is necessary if you please to plant yourself on the side of fate aud say fate is all then we say a part of is the freedom of man forever wells up the impulse of choosing and acting in the soul intellect fate so far as a man thinks he is free and though nothing is more disgusting than the about liberty by slaves as most men are and the for freedom of some paper like a declaration of independence or the right to vote by those who have never dared to think or to act yet it is wholesome to man to look not at fate but the other way the practical view is the other his sound relation to these facts is to use and command not to to them look not on nature for her name is fatal said the the too much contemplation of these limits meanness they who talk much of destiny their birth star etc are in a lower dangerous plane and invite the evils they fear i the instinctive and heroic races as proud fate ers in destiny they with it a loving resignation is with the event but the makes a different impression when it is held by the weak and lazy t is weak and vicious people who cast the blame on fate the right use of is to bring up our conduct to the of nature rude and invincible except by themselves are the elements so let man be let him empty his breast of his windy and show his by manners and deeds on the scale of nature let him hold his purpose as with the of no power no persuasion no bribe shall make him give up his point a man ought to compare with a river an oak or a mountain he shall have not less the flow the and the resistance of these t is the best use of fate to teach a fatal courage go face the fire at sea or the in your friend s house or the in your own or what danger lies in the way of duty knowing you are guarded by the of destiny if you believe in fate to your harm believe it at least for your good for if fate is so prevailing man also is part of it and fate with fate if the universe have these savage accidents our are as savage in resistance we should be crushed by the atmosphere but for the reaction of the air within the body a made of a m of glass can resist the shock of the ocean if filled with the same water if there be in the stroke there is of but fate against fate is only and defence there are also the noble forces the revelation of thought takes man out of into freedom we conduct of like rightly say of ourselves we were and afterward we were born again and many we have successive experiences so important that the new forgets the old and hence the of the seven or the nine heavens the day of days the great day of the feast of life is that in which the inward eye opens to the unity in things to the of law sees that what is must be and ought to be or is the best this from on down ou us and we see it is not iu us so much as we are in it if the air come to our lungs we breathe and live if not wc die if the light come to our eyes we see else not and if truth come to our mind we suddenly to its as if we grew to worlds we are as we speak for nature we and divine this insight throws us ou the party and interest of the universe against all and sundry against ourselves as much as others a man speaking from insight of himself what is true of the mind seeing its immortality he says i am immortal seeing its he says i am strong it is not in us but we are in it it is of the maker not of what is made all things are touched and changed by it this uses and is not used it distances those who share it from those who share it not those who share it not are flocks and herds it dates from itself not from former men or better men gospel or constitution or college or custom where it shines nature is no longer but all things make a musical or impression the world of men show like a comedy without laughter interests government history t is all toy figures in a toy u fate house it does not particular truths we hear eagerly every thought and word quoted from an intellectual man but in his presence our own mind is roused to activity and we forget very fast what he says much more interested in the new play of our own thought than in any thought of his t is the majesty into which we have suddenly mounted the the scorn of the sphere of laws that engage us once we were stepping a little this way and a little that way now we are as men in a and do not think so much of the point we have left or the point we would	37
make as of the liberty and glory of the way just as much intellect as you add so much power he who sees through the design over it and must will that must be we sit and rule and though we sleep our dream will come to pass our thought though it were only an old an oldest necessity not to be separated from thought not to be separated from will they must always have it us of its and which refuse to be severed from it it is not mine or thine but the will of all mind it is poured into the souls of all men as the soul itself which them men i know not whether there be as is alleged in the upper region of our atmosphere a permanent current which carries with it all which rise to that height but i see that when souls reach a certain clearness of perception they accept a knowledge and motive above selfishness a of will blows through the universe of souls in the direction of the right and necessary it is the air which all conduct of life and and it is the wind which the worlds into order and thought the material universe by carrying the mind up into a sphere where all is of two men each obeying his own thought he whose thought is deepest will be the strongest character always one man more than another represents the will of divine providence to the period if thought makes free so the moral sentiment the of spiritual refuse to be yet we can see that with the perception of truth is joined the desire that it shall prevail that affection is essential to will moreover when a strong will appears it usually results from a certain unity of organization as if the whole energy of body and mind flowed in one direction all great force is real and there is no a strong will there must be a pound to balance a pound where power is shown in will it must rest on the universal force and must believe they rest on a truth or their will can be bought or bent there is a bribe possible for any will but the pure sympathy with universal ends is an infinite force and cannot be or bent whoever has had experience of ihe moral sentiment cannot choose but believe in unlimited power each pulse from that heart is an oath from the most high i know not what the word sublime means if it be not the in this infant of a terrific force a text of heroism a name and anecdote of courage are not arguments but of freedom one of these is the verse of the t is written on the gate of heaven woe fate unto him who suffers himself to be betrayed by fate the reading of history make us what courage does not the opposite opinion show a little whim of will to be free gallantly against the universe of but insight is not will nor is affection will perception is cold and goodness dies in wishes as said t is the of worthy people that they are un des des c est des there must be a of these two to the energy of will there can be no driving force except through the of the man into his will making him the will and the will him and one may say boldly that no man has a right perception of any truth who has not been on by it so as to be ready to be its martyr the one serious and formidable thing in nature is a will society is from want of will and therefore the world wants and one is right to go the hero sees it and moves on that aim and has the world under him for root and support he is to others as the world his approbation is honor his the glance of his eye has the force of a personal influence towers up in memory only worthy and we gladly forget numbers money climate and the rest of fate we can afford to allow the if we know it is the of the growing man we stand against fate as children stand up against the wall in their father s house and their height from year to year but conduct of life when the boy grows to man and is master of the house he down that wall and a new and bigger t is only a question of time every brave youth is in training to ride and rule this his science is to make weapons and wings of these passions and forces now whether seeing these two things fate we are permitted to believe in unity the bulk of mankind believe in two gods they are under one dominion here in the house as friend and parent in social circles in letters in art in love in religion but in in dealing with steam and climate in trade in politics they think they come under another and that it would be a practical blunder to transfer the method and way of working of one sphere into the other what good honest generous men at hon c will be wolves and on change what pious men in the parlor will vote for what at the to a certain point they believe themselves the care of a providence but in a in an in war they believe a malignant energy rules but relation and connection are not somewhere and sometimes but everywhere and always the divine order does not stop where their sight stops the friendly power works on the same rules in the next farm and the next planet but where they have experience they run against it and hurt fate then is a name for facts not yet passed under the fire of thought for causes which are but every	37
jet of chaos which to us is by intellect into wholesome force fate is causes tlie water ship and fate sailor like a grain of dust but learn to swim trim your bark and the wave drowned it will be by it and carry it like its own foam a and a power the cold is of persons your blood a man like a but learn to and the ice will give you a graceful sweet and poetic motion the cold will brace your limbs and brain to genius and make you foremost men of time cold and sea will train an imperial saxon race which nature cannot bear to lose and after it up for a thousand years in yonder england gives a hundred a hundred all the it and and more than the secrets of water and steam the of the of the chariot of the air the are awaiting you the annual slaughter from far that of war but right the plague in the sea service from is healed by and other or the by and small is ended by and and every other is not less in the chain of cause and effect and may be fought off and whilst art draws out the it commonly some benefit from the enemy torrent is taught to for man tlie wild beasts he makes useful for food or dress or labor the are controlled like his watch these are now the on which he rides man moves in all modes by legs of horses by wings of wind by steam by gas of by and stands on threatening to hunt the conduct op life ea le in liis own element there s he will not make his steam was fill the other day the devil which we dreaded every pot made by any human or liad a hole in its cover to let off ihe enemy lest he should lift pot and roof and carry the house away but the of and themselves that where was power was not devil but was god that it must be availed of and not by any means let off and wasted could he lift pots and roofs and houses so he was the workman they were in search of he could be used to lift away chain and compel other devils far more reluctant and dangerous namely miles of earth mountains weight or resistance of water machinery and the labors of all men in the world and time he shall and space it has not much otherwise with higher kinds of steam the opinion of the million the terror of ths world and it was attempted either to it by amusing nations or to pile it over with of society a of soldiers over that a of lords and a king on the top with and of castles and police but sometimes the religious principle would get in and burst the and ride every mountain laid on top of it the and of politics believing in unity saw that it was a power and by satisfying it as justice everybody through a different disposition of society it on a level instead of it into a mountain they have contrived to make of this terror the most harmless and energetic form of a state fate very odious i confess are the lessons of fate who likes to liave a on his fortunes who likes to believe that he has hidden in his skull and all the vices of a saxon or race which will be sure to pull him down with what grandeur of hope and resolve he is fired into a selfish animal a learned physician tells us the fact is invariable with the that when mature he the forms of the unmistakable scoundrel that is a little but may pass but these are magazines and a man must thank his defects and stand in some terror of his talents a talent draws so largely on his forces as to lame him a defect pays him on the other side the which is the of the jew has made him in these days the ruler of the rulers of the earth if fate is ore and if evil is good in the making if is power that shall be if and are wings and means we are reconciled fate the no statement of the universe can have any which does not admit its ascending effort the direction of the whole and of tlie parts is toward benefit and in proportion to the health behind every individual organization before him opens liberty the better the best the first and worst races are dead the second and imperfect races are dying out or remain for the of in the latest race in man every every new the love and praise he from his c conduct of life are of advance out of fate into freedom of tlie will from the and of organization which he has is the end and aim of this world every calamity is a spur and valuable hint and where his do not yet fully avail they tell as tendency the whole circle of animal life tooth against tooth devouring war war for food a of pain and a of triumph until at last the whole the whole mass is and refined for higher use pleases at a sufficient perspective but to see how fate into freedom and freedom into fate observe how far the roots of every creature run or find if you can a point where there is no thread of connection our life is and far related this knot of nature is so well tied that nobody was ever cunning enough to find the two ends nature is intricate and endless said of the beautiful king s college chapel that if anybody would tell him where to lay the first stone he would build	37
such another but where shall we find the first in this house of man which is all consent and balance of parts the web of relation is shown in shown in when was observed it was found that whilst some animals became in winter others were in summer then was a false name the long sleep is not an effect of cold but is regulated by the supply of food proper to the animal it becomes when the fruit or prey it lives on is not in season and its activity its food is ready fate eyes are found in ears in air feet on land in water wings in air and each creature where it was meant to be with a mutual fitness every has its own there is between the animal and its food its its enemy are kept it is not allowed to in numbers nor to exceed the like exist for man his food is cooked when he arrives his coal in the pit his house the mud of the dried his companions arrived at the same hour and awaiting him with love concert laughter and tears these are coarse but the invisible are not less there are more to every creature than his air and his food his instincts must be met and he has power that and fits what is him to his use he is not possible until the invisible things are right for him as well as the visible of what changes then in sky and earth and in finer skies and does the appearance of some or us how is this effected nature is no but takes the shortest way to her ends as the general says to his soldiers if you want a fort build a fort so nature makes every creature do its own work and get its living is it planet animal or tree the planet makes itself the animal cell makes itself then what it wants every creature or shall make its own as soon as there is life there is self direction and absorbing and using of material life is freedom life in the direct of its amount you may be sure the new born man is not life works both voluntarily and in its neighborhood do s conduct of life you he can be estimated by his weight in pounds or that he is contained in his skin this reaching fellow the smallest candle fills a mile with its rays and the of a man run out to every star when there is something to be done the world knows how to get it done the vegetable eye makes leaf root bark or thorn as the need is the first cell itself into stomach mouth nose or nail according to the want the world throws its life into a hero or a shepherd and puts him where he is wanted and were in time they would be or americans to day things new men come the is not capricious the aim the purpose beyond itself the by which and then beasts and men will not stop but will work into finer particulars and from finer to finest the secret of the world is the tie between person and event person makes event and event person the times the age what is that but a few profound persons and a few active persons who the times and the rest the same fitness must be presumed between a man and the time and event as between the m or between a race of animals and the food it eats or the inferior races it uses he thinks his fate alien because the is hidden but the soul contains the event that shall befall it for the event is the of its thoughts and what we pray to ourselves fate for is always granted the event is the print of your form it fits you like your skin each does is proper to him events are the children of his body and mind we learn that the soul of is the soul of us as sings alas f till now i had not known my guide and fortune s guide are one all the toys that men and which they play for houses land money luxury power fame are the thing with a new or two of illusion and of all the drums and by which men are made willing to have their heads broke and are led out solemnly every morning to parade the most admirable is this by which we are brought to believe that events are arbitrary and independent of actions at the s we detect the hair by he moves his but we have not eyes sharp enough to the thread that ties cause and effect nature suits the man to his fortunes by making these the fruit of his character ducks take to the water to the sky to the sea margin hunters to the forest clerks to counting rooms soldiers to the frontier thus events grow on the same stem with persons are sub persons the pleasure of life is according to the man that lives it and not according to the work or the place life is an ecstasy we know what madness belongs to love what power to paint a vile object in hues of heaven as insane persons are indifferent to their dress diet and other and as we do in dreams with the most ab s conduct t f life acts so a drop more of wine in our cup of life will reconcile us to strange company and work each creature puts forth from itself its own condition and as the out its house on the and the on the apple their own bed and the fish its shell in youth we clothe ourselves with and go as brave as the in age we put out another sort	37
of perspiration fever caprice doubt and a man s fortunes are the fruit of his character a man s friends are his we go to and tor examples of fate but we are examples the tendency of every man to all that is in his constitution is expressed in the old belief that the efforts which we make to escape from our destiny only serve to lead us into it and i have noticed a man likes better to be on his position as the proof of the last or total excellence than on his merits a man will see his character in the events that to meet but wliich from and accompany him events with the character as once he found himself among toys so now he plays a part in colossal systems and his growth is declared in his ambition his companions and his performance he looks like a piece of luck but is a of the and ground to fit into the gap he fills hence in each town there is some man who is hi his brain and an explanation of the production churches ways of living and society of town if you jo not chance to meet him all that you fate see will leave you a little puzzled if jou see him it will become plain we know in who built new who built and many another noisy each of these men if they were transparent would seem to you not so much men as walking cities and wherever you put them they would build one history is the action and reaction of these two nature and thought two boys pushing each other on the of the pavement everything is or pushed and matter and mind are in perpetual and balance so whilst the man is weak tlie earth takes up to him he plants his brain and affections by and by he will take up the earth and have his gardens and in the beautiful order and of his thought every solid in the universe is ready to become on the approach of the mind and the power to it is the measure of the mind if the wall remain it the want of thought to a force it will stream into new forms expressive of the character of the mind what is the city in which we sit here but an of materials which have obeyed the will of some man the granite was reluctant but his hands were stronger and it came iron was deep in the ground and well combined with stone but could not hide from his fires wood lime fruits were dispersed over the earth and sea in vain here they are within reach of every man s what he wants of them the whole world is the of matter over the wires of thought to the poles or points where it would build the races of men rise conduct of life out of the ground with a thought which rules them and divided into parties ready armed and angry to fight for abstraction the quality of the thought differences the egyptian and the roman the and the american the men who come on the stage at one period are all found to be related to each other certain ideas are in the air we are all for we are made of them all but some more than others and these first express them this explains the curious of inventions and discoveries tlie truth is iii the air and the most brain will announce it first but all will announce it a few minutes later so women as most susceptible are the best index of the coming hour so the great man that is tlie man most witli the spirit of the time is the man of a fibre irritable and delicate like to he feels the attractions his mind is than others because he to a current so feeble as can be felt only by a needle delicately poised the is shown in defects in his essay on architecture taught that the building which was fitted accurately to answer its end would turn out to be beautiful beauty had not been intended i find the like unity in human rather and tliat a in the blood will appear in the argument a in the shoulder will appear in the speech and if his mind could be seen the would be seen if a man has a in his voice it will run into his sentences into his poem into the structure of his fable into his speculation into his fate and as every man is hunted by bis own demon vexed by his own disease this all his activity so each man like each plant has his a strong nature has more enemies than the and that fret my leaves such an one has knife worms a ate him first then a then a then smooth plausible gentlemen bitter and selfish as this really existing can be divined if the threads are there thought can follow and show them especially when a soul is quick and as c or if the soul of proper kind be so perfect as men find that it what is to come and that he all and some of every of their by or figures but that our hath not might it to understand aright for it is warned too darkly some people are made up of rhyme coincidence omen and they meet the person they seek what their companion to say to them they say to him and a hundred signs them of what is about to befall wonderful in the web wonderful constancy in the design this vagabond hfe admits we wonder how the fly finds its mate and yet year after year we find two men two women legal or tie spend a great part of their best time within a few feet of each	37
conduct of life other and the moral is what we seek we shall find what we flee from from us as said what we wish for in youth comes in heaps on us in old age too often cursed with the of our prayer and hence the high caution that since we are sure of having what we wish we beware to ask only for high things one key one solution to the mysteries of human condition one solution to the old knots of fate freedom and exists the namely of the double consciousness a man must ride alternately on the horses of his private and his public nature as the in the throw themselves from horse to horse or plant one foot on the back of one and the other foot on the back of the other so when a man is the victim of his fate has in liis and in his mind a club foot and a club in his wit a sour face and a selfish temper a in his gait and a conceit in his or is ground to powder by the vice of his race lie is to rally on liis relation to the universe which his ruin benefits leaving the demon who suffers he is to take sides with the deity who universal benefit by his pain to the drag of temperament and race which down learn this lesson namely that by the cunning of two elements which is throughout nature whatever or you draws in with it the divinity in some form to repay a good intention clothes itself with sudden power when a god wishes to ride any or will bud and shoot out winged feet and serve him for a horse let us build to the blessed unity wliich holds nature and souls in perfect solution and every to serve au universal end i do not wonder at a snow a shell a summer landscape or the glory of the stars but at the necessity of beauty under which the universe lies that all is and must be that the rainbow and the curve of the horizon and the of the blue vault are only results from the of the eye there is no need for foolish to fetch me to admire a garden of flowers or a sun gilt cloud or a when i cannot look without seeing splendor and grace how idle to choose a random sparkle here or there when the necessity plants the rose of beauty on the brow of chaos and the central intention of nature to be harmony and joy let us build to the beautiful necessity if we thought men were free in the sense that in a single exception one will could prevail over the law of things it were all one as if a child s hand could pull down the sun if in the least particular one could the order of nature who would accept tlie gift of life let us build to the beautiful necessity which that all is made of one piece that and friend and enemy animal and planet food and are of one kind in is vast space but no foreign system in vast time but the same laws as to day we be afraid of nature which is no other than philosophy and embodied why should we fear to be crushed by savage elements we who are made up of the same elements p let us build to the beautiful necessity which makes conduct of life man brave in believing that lie cannot a danger that is appointed nor one that is not to the necessity which rudely or softly him to the perception that there are no that law rules throughout existence a law which is not intelligent but intelligence not personal nor it words and passes understanding it persons it nature yet the pure in heart to draw on all its n power his tongue was framed to music and his hand was armed with skill his face was the mould of beauty and his heart the throne of will there is not yet any of a man s faculties any more than a bible of his opinions who shall set a limit to the influence of a human being there are men who by their sympathetic attractions carry nations with them and lead the activity of the human race and if there be such a tie that wherever the mind of man goes nature will accompany him perhaps there are men whose are of that force to draw material and powers and where they appear immense around them life is a search after power and this is an element with which the world is so there is no or in it is not lodged that no honest seeking goes a man should prize events and possessions as the ore in which this fine is found and he can well afford to let events and possessions and the breath of tlie body go if their value has been added to him in the shape of power if he have secured the lie can spare the wide gardens from which it was a cultivated man wise to know and bold to perform is the end to which nature works and tlie education of the will is the and result of all this and s conduct of life all successful men have agreed iu one thing they were they believed that things went not by luck but by law that there was not a weak or a cracked link in the chain that the first and last of things a belief in or strict connection between every pulse beat and the principle of being and in belief in compensation or that nothing is got for nothing all valuable minds and must control every effort that is made by an industrious one tlie most men are the best	37
in the of the laws all the great captains said have performed vast achievements by with the rules of the art by efforts to obstacles tlie key to the age may be this or tliat or the other as tlie young describe the key to all ages is in the vast majority of men at all times and even in heroes in all but certain eminent m victims of gravity custom and fear this gives force to the strong that the multitude have no habit of self reliance or original action we must reckon success a constitutional trait courage the old taught and their meaning holds if their is a little m courage or the degree of life is as the degree of circulation of the blood ill the during passion anger fury trials of strength a large amount of blood is collected in the the maintenance of bodily strength requiring it and but little is sent into the veins this condition is constant with persons where the hold their blood is courage and adventure possible where they pour it power into the veins the spirit is low and feeble for performance of great mark it needs extraordinary if is in robust health and has slept well and is at tlie top of his condition and thirty years old at his departure from he will steer west and his ships will but take out and put in a stronger and bolder man or and the ships will with just as much ease sail six hundred one fifteen hundred miles farther and reach and new england there is no chance in results with as with children one class enter cordially into the game and whirl with the whirling world the others have cold hands and remain or are only dragged in by the humor and vivacity of those who can carry a dead weight the st wealth is health sickness is poor spirited and serve any one it must husband its resources to live but health or fulness answers its own ends and has to spare runs over and the and of other men s necessities all power is of one kind a sharing of the nature of the world the mind that is parallel with the laws of nature will be in tlie current of events and strong with their strength one man is made of the same stuff events ai e made is in sympathy with the course of things can it whatever him first so that he is equal to whatever shall happen a man who knows men can talk well on politics trade law war religion for everywhere men are led in the same manners the advantage of a strong pulse is not to be supplied d conduct op life by any labor art or concert it is like the easily a crop which no glass or or or can elsewhere rival it is like the opportunity of a city like new york or which needs no to force capital or genius or labor to it they come of themselves as the waters flow to it so a broad healthy massive understanding seems to lie on the shore of unseen rivers of unseen which arc covered with that and day are drifted to this point that is poured into its lap which other men lie for it is in everybody s secret everybody s discovery and if it do not command every fact of the genius and the scholar it is because it is large and and does not think them worth the exertion which you do this affirmative force is in one and is not in another as one horse has the spring in him and another in the whip on the neck of the young man said no so gracious as enterprise import into any stationary district as into an old dutch population in new york or or among the of virginia a colony of hardy with brains heads full of steam hammer and wheel and everything begins to shine with what to all the water and land in england is the arrival of james or in every com any there is not only the active and passive but in both men and women a deeper and more important sex of mind namely the or class of both men and women and the or accepting class each man r presents his set and if power he have the accidental advantage of personal which neither more nor less of talent but merely the or eye of a soldier or a which one has and one has not as one has a black and one a then quite easily and without envy or resistance all his and will admit his right to them the merchant works by book keeper and the lawyer s authorities are hunted up by clerks the reports the of his commander the results of all the attached to the expedition s statue is finished by stone has and shakespeare was and used the labor of many young men as well as the there is always room for a man of force and he makes room for many society is a troop of and the best heads among them take the best places a feeble man can see the farms that are and the houses that are built the strong man sees the possible houses and farms his eye makes estates as fast as the sun clouds when a new boy comes into school when a man travels and strangers every day or when into an old club a new comer is that happens which when a strange ox is driven into a pen or pasture where cattle are kept there is at once a trial of strength between the best pair of horns and the and it is settled which is the leader so now there is a measuring of strength very courteous but	37
is tlie atmosphere with water the faster the ball falls to the sun the force to fly off is by so much and in morals wild liberty iron conscience natures wit li great impulses have great resources and return from far in politics the sons of will be whilst red iu the father is a of nature to an intolerable tyrant in the next age on the other hand ever more and narrow the and drives them for a of fresh air into conduct of life those liave most of this coarse energy the who have run the of and tavern tlie county or the state have their own vices but tliey have the good nature of strength and courage fierce and they are usually frank and direct and above falsehood our politics fall into bad hands and and men of refinement it seems agreed are not fit persons to send to politics is a profession like some poisonous men in power have no opinions but may be had cheap for any opinion for any purpose and if it be only a question between the most civil and the most forcible i lean to the last these and are really better than the opposition their wrath is at least of a bold and manly cast they see against the unanimous of the people how much crime the will bear they proceed from step to step and they have calculated but too justly upon their the new england and upon their honors the new england the messages of the and the resolutions of the are a proverb for expressing a sham virtuous indignation which in tha course of events is sure to be in trade also this energy usually carries a trace of ferocity and religious bodies do not commonly make their officers out of saints the hitherto founded by the the port the american at new harmony at brook farm at are only possible by as steward the rest of the offices may be filled by good the pious and power n proprietor a not quite so pious and charitable the amiable of country gentlemen has a certain pleasure in the teeth of the which guards his orchard of the society it was formerly a sort of proverb in the country that they always sent the devil to market and in representations of the deity painting poetry and popular religion have ever drawn the wrath from hell it is an doctrine of society that a little wickedness is good to make muscle as if conscience were not good for hands and legs as if poor decayed of law and order cannot run like wild wolves and that as there is a use in medicine for so the w cannot move without that public spirit and the ready hand are as well found among the t is not very rare the coincidence of sharp private and political practice with c spirit and good i knew a who for many years kept a public in one of our rural he was a whom the town could ill spare he was a social creature grasping and selfish there was no crime which he did not or could not commit but he made good friends of the served them with his best chop when they at his house and also with his honor the judge he was very cordial grasping his hand he introduced all the male and female into the town and united in his person the functions of bully ba r keeper and he the trees and cut ofi the horses tails of the people in the night he led the and in town meeting with a speech conduct life be was civil fat and easy in his house and precisely the most public spirited citizen was active in getting the roads repaired and planted with shade trees he for the fountains the gas and the h he introduced the new horse the new the baby aud what not that sends to the admiring citizens he did this the easier that the stopped at his house and paid his keeping by setting up his new trap on the landlord s premises whilst thus the energy for and work itself by excess and so our axe our own fingers this evil is not without remedy all the elements whose aid man calls in will sometimes become his masters especially those of most subtle force shall he then steam fire and or shall he learn to deal with them the rule for this whole class of is all is good only put it in the right place men of this of blood cannot live on nuts tea and cannot read novels and play cannot satisfy all their wants at the thursday lecture or the boston they pine for adventure and must go to s peak had rather die by the of a than sit all day and every day at a counting room desk they are made for war for the sea for hunting and clearing for adventures huge risks and the joy of living some men cannot endure an hour of calm at sea i remember a poor cook on board a liverpool packet who when the wind blew a gale could not contain his joy blow he cried me do tell you power blow friends and must see tbat some vent for their complexion is provided the who are destined for at home if sent to will cover you with glory and come back heroes and there are and exploring enough to america to find them in to and in to eat the young english are fine animals full of blood and when they have no wars to breathe their in they seek for travels as dangerous as war into swimming up the snowy hunting lion elephant in south africa with borrow in spain and riding in south america with and with among the of	37
into fruit fulness many an artist lacking this all he sees the masculine or with despair he too is up to nature and the first cause in his thought but the to collect and swing his whole being into one act he has not the poet said that a man accustomed to work was equal to any achievement he resolved on and that for himself necessity not inspiration was the of his muse is the secret of strength in politics in war in trade in short in all management of human affairs one of the high anecdotes of the world is the reply of to the inquiry how he had been able to achieve his discoveries by always intending my mind or if you will have a text from politics take this from there was in the whole city but one street in which was ever seen the street which led to the market place and the council house he declined all invitations to and all gay and company during the whole period of his administration he never dined at the table of a friend or if we seek an example from trade i hope said a good man to your children are not too fond of money and business i am sure you would not wish conduct op life that i am sure i should wish that i wish them to give mind soul heart and body to business that is the way to be happy it requires a great deal of boldness and a great deal of caution to make a great fortune and when you have got it it requires ten times as much wit to keep it if i were to listen to all the projects proposed to me i should ruin myself very soon stick to one business young man stick to your he said this to young and you will be the great of london be and banker and merchant and and vou will soon be in the many men are knowing many are apprehensive and but they do not rush to a decision but in our flowing affairs a decision must be made the best if you can but any is better than none there are twenty ways of going to a point and one is the shortest but set out at once on one a man who has that presence of mind which can bring to him on the instant all he knows is worth for action a dozen men who know as much but can bring it to light slowly the good speaker in the house is not the man who knows the theory of but the man who the good judge is not he who does hair justice to every but who at substantial justice rules something intelligible for the guidance of the good lawyer is not the man who has an eye to every side and angle of and s all his but who throws himself on your part so heartily that he can get you out of a scrape dr johnson said in one of his flowing sentences miserable beyond all names of wretchedness is that unhappy power pair who are doomed to reduce beforehand to the principles of abstract reason all the details of each domestic there are cases where little can be said and much must be done the second substitute for temperament is tlie power of use and routine the hack is a better than the in the stream slow but continuous is equal in power to the electric spark and is in our arts a better agent so in human against the of energy we the of we spread the same of force over much time instead of it into a moment t is the same of gold here in a ball and there in a leaf at west point colonel the chief engineer with a hammer on the of a cannon until he them off he fired a piece of some hundred times in swift succession until it burst now which stroke broke the every stroke which blast burst the piece every blast diligence henry viii was wont to say or great is john said that the worst provincial company of actors would go through a play better than the best amateur company hall likes to show that the worst regular troops will beat the best practice is nine a course of is good practice for all the great were bad at first it through england for seven years made a it through new england for twice seven trained the way to learn german is to read the same dozen pages over and over a hundred times till you know every e conduct of life word and in them aad can and repeat them by no genius can a ballad at first i so well as can at tlie or twentieth reading the rule for hospitality and irish help is to have the same dinner every day throughout the year at last mrs o to cook it to a the host to it and the guests are well served a humorous friend of mine thinks that the reason why nature is so perfect in her art aud gets up such fine is that she has learned how at last by dint of doing the same thing so very often cannot one converse better on a topic on which he has experience than on one which is new men whose opinion is valued on change are only such as have a special experience and off that ground their opinion is not valuable more are made good by than by nature said the in nature is so enormous tliat we cannot spare any power it is not question to express our thought to elect our way but to overcome of the medium aud material in everything we do hence the use of aud the of to cope with six hours day at	37
the piano only to give facility of touch six hours a day at painting only to give command of the odious materials oil and the masters say that they know a master in music only by seeing the pose t f the hands on the keys so difficult aud vital an act is the command of the instrument to have learned the use of the tools by thousands of to have learned the arts of reckoning by endless adding and dividing is the power of the and the clerk i remarked in england in confirmation of a frequent experience at borne that in literary circles the men of trust and consideration book makers university and professors too were by no means men of the largest literary talent but usually of a low and ordinary with a sort of activity and working talent indifferent and tower by pushing their forces to a point or by working power over multitudes of superior men in old as in new england i have not forgotten that there are sublime considerations which limit the value of talent and superficial success we can easily the vulgar hero there are sources on which we have not drawn i know what i from i what i have to say on this ic to the chapters on culture and worship but this force or spirit being the means relied on by nature for bringing the work of the day about as far as we attach importance to household life and the of the world we must respect that and i hold that an economy may be applied to it it is as much a subject of exact law and as and are it may be or wasted every man is efficient only as he is a or vessel of this force and never was any signal act or achievement in history but by this expenditure this is not gold but the gold maker not the fame but the if these forces and this are within reach of our will and the laws of them can be read we infer that all success and all conceivable benefit for man is also first or last within his reach and has its own conduct of life by whidi it may be attained the world is and has no in all its vast and flowing curve success has no more than the and muslin we in our mills i know no more affecting lesson to our busy new england brains than to go into one of the with which we have lined all tlie water courses in the states a man hardly knows how much he is a machine until he begins to make telegraph loom press and in his own image but in these he is forced to leave out his follies and so that when we go to the mill the machine is more moral than we let a man dare go to a loom and see if he be equal to it let machine i and see how they come out the world mill is more complex than the mill and the stooped less in the mill a broken thread or a spoils the web through a piece of a hundred yards and is traced back to the girl that it and her wages the on being shown this his with delight are you so cunning mr and do you to your master and employer in the web you a day is a more magnificent cloth than any muslin the that makes it is infinitely and you shall not conceal the rotten hours you have slipped into the piece nor fear that any honest thread or steel or more shaft will not testify in the web ni wealth who shall tell what did befall far away in time when once over the lifeless ball idle and what god the element obeyed wings of what wind the bore the seeds of power which lodged in rock the rock and well the knew the strong task to it assigned patient through heaven s enormous year to build in matter home for mind from air the creeping centuries drew the thicket low and wide this must the leaves of ages the granite to clothe and hide ere wheat can wave its golden pride what and in what furnace rolled tn dizzy dim and mute the can ill copper and iron lead and gold what oldest star the fame can save conduct of life of races to the planet with a floor of lime dust is their and who saw what and palms were pressed under the tumbling mountain s breast in the safe of tha coal but when the means were piled all is waste and worthless till arrives the wise selecting will and out of and chaos wit draws the threads of fair and fit then temples rose and towns and the shop of toil the hall of arts then flew the sail across the seas to feed the north from trees the storm wind the torrent span where they were bid the rivers ran new slaves fulfilled the poet s dream wire strong shouldered steam then were built and crops were stored and added to the but though light headed man forget remembering matter pays her debt stiu through her and masses draw electric and ties of law which bind the of nature wild to th conscience of a child wealth as soon as a stranger is introduced into any company one of the first questions which all wish to have answered is how does that man get his living and with reason he is no whole man until he knows how to earn a society is barbarous every industrious man can get his without customs every man is a and ought to be a he fails to make his place good in the world unless he not only pays his debt but also adds something to the common	37
wealth nor can he do justice to his genius without making some larger demand on the world than a bare he is by expensive and needs to be rich wealth has its source in of the mind to nature from the strokes of and axe up to the last secrets of art intimate ties between thought and all production because a better order is equivalent to vast of brute labor the forces and the are nature s but the mind acts in bringing things from where they abound to where they are wanted in wise in directing the practice of the useful arts and in the creation of finer by conduct of fine art by eloquence by song or the of memory wealth is in of mind to nature and the art of getting rich consists not in industry much less in saving but in a better order in in being at the right spot one man has stronger arms or longer legs another sees by the course of streams and growth of where land will be wanted makes a clearing to the river goes to sleep and wakes up rich steam is no stronger now than it was a hundred years ago but is put to better use a clever fellow was acquainted with the force of steam he also saw the wealth of wheat and grass in then he on the steam pipe to e wheat crop puff now o steam the steam and as before but this time it is dragging all at its back to hungry new york and hungry england coal lay in under the ground since the flood until a with pick and brings it to the surface we may well call it black diamonds every basket is power and civilization coal is a climate it carries the heat of the to and the circle and it is the means of itself it is wanted and whispered in the ear of mankind their secret that a half of coal will draw two tons a mile and coal carries coal by rail and by boat to make canada as warm as and with its comfort brings its power when the farmer s are taken from under the tree and carried into town they have a new look and a hundred fold value over the fruit which grew on the same wealth bough and lies on the ground the craft ot the merchant is this bringing a thing from where it to where it is costly wealth begins in a tight roof that keeps the rain and wind out in a good pump that you plenty of sweet water in two suits of clothes so to change your dress when you are wet in dry sticks to burn in a good double lamp and three meals in a horse or a to cross the land in a boat to cross the sea in tools to work with in books to read and so in giving on all sides by and the greatest possible extension to our powers as if it added feet and hands and eyes and blood length to the day and knowledge and good will wealth begins with these articles of necessity and we must the iron law which nature in these northern first she requires that each man should feed himself if happily his fathers have left him no inheritance he must go to work and by making his wants less or his gains more he must draw himself out of that state of pain and insult in which she forces the beggar to lie she gives him no rest until this is done she and him takes away warmth laughter sleep friends and daylight until he has fought his way to his own loaf then less but still with sting enough she him to the acquisition of such things as belong to him every and shop window every fruit tree every thought of every hour opens a new want to him which it concerns his power and dignity to gratify it is of no use to argue the wants down the philosophers conduct of life have laid the gi of man in making his wants few but will a man content himself with a hut and a handful of dried he is born to be rich he is thoroughly related and is tempted out by and fancies to the conquest of this and that piece of nature until he finds his well being in the use of his planet and of more than his own wealth requires besides the crust of bread and the roof th freedom of the city the freedom of the earth travelling machinery the benefits of science music and fine arts the best culture and the best company he is the rich man who can avail himself of all men s faculties he is the richest man who knows how to draw a benefit from the labors of the greatest number of men of men in distant countries and in past times the same correspondence that is between thirst in the stomach and water in the spring exists between the whole of man and the whole of nature the elements offer their service to him the sea washing the and the poles offers its perilous aid and the power and empire that follow it day by day to his craft and audacity beware of me it says but if you can hold me i am the key to all the lands fire offers on its side an equal power steam lightning gravity of rock mines of iron lead tin and gold forests of all woods fruits of all animals of all habits the powers of the of his the of his loom the masculine draught of his the of the machine shop all grand and things passions war trade government are his natural and ac wealth to the excellence of the machinery iu each human	37
being is his attraction for the instruments he is to employ the world is his tool chest and he is successful or his education is carried on just so far as is the marriage of his faculties with nature or the ee in which he takes up into himself the strong race is strong on these terms the are the merchants of the world now for a thousand years the leading race and by nothing more than their quality of personal independence and in its special pecuniary independence no reliance for bread and games on the government no no style of living by the of a chief no marrying on no system of suits them but every man must pay his the english are prosperous and peaceful with their habit of considering that every man must take care of himself and has himself to thank if he do not maintain and improve his position in society the subject of economy itself with morals inasmuch as it is a point of virtue that a man s independence is secured poverty a man in debt is so far a slave and wall street thinks it easy for a to be a man of his word a man of honor but that in failing circumstances no man can be relied on to keep his integrity and when one in the hotels and palaces of our atlantic the habit of expense the riot of the senses the absence of bonds fellow feeling of any kind he feels that when a man or a woman is driven to the wall the chances of integrity are diminished as if virtue were coming to be a luxury which few could afford or as conduct of life said at a market almost too for humanity he may fix his of necessities and of on what scale he pleases but if he wishes the power and privilege of thought the out his own career and having society on his own terms he must bring his wants within his proper power to satisfy the manly part is to do with might and main what you can do the world is full of who never did anything and who have persuaded beauties and men of genius to wear their livery and these will deliver the opinion that it is not respectable to be seen earning a living that it is much more respectable to spend without earning and this doctrine of the snake will come also from the elect sons of light for wise men are not wise at all hours and will speak five times from their taste or their humor to once from their reason the brave workman who might betray his feeling of it in his manners if he do not in his practice must replace the grace or elegance by the merit of the work done no matter whether he make shoes or statues or laws it is the privilege of any human work which is well done to invest the with a certain he can well afford not to whose faithful work will answer for him the at his bench carries a quiet heart and assured manners and on even terms with men of any condition the artist has made his picture so true that it criticism the statue is so beautiful that it no stain from the market but makes the market a silent gallery for itself the case of the young lawyer was pitiful to disgust a paltry matter of buttons or cases wealth but the determined youth saw m it an to ins made the of tlie forgotten and gave fame by his sense and energy to the name and affairs of tlie snuff box factory society in large towns is and wealth is made a toy the life of pleasure is so tliat a shallow observer must believe that this is the agreed best use of wealth and whatever is pretended it ends in but if this were tlie main use of capital it would bring us to burned towns and men of sense esteem wealth to be the of nature to themselves the of the sap and of the planet to the and of their design power is what they want not power to execute their design power to give legs and feet form and to their thought which to a clear sighted man appears the end for which the universe exists and all its resources might be well applied thinks that the sphere is a problem for practical as well as for closet and looks on all and as cowardly until they dare fit him out men on the planet have more truly belonged to it but he was forced to leave much of his map blank his inherited his map and inherited his fury to complete it so the men of the mine telegraph mill map and survey the who talk up their project in and offices and entreat men to how did our get built how did north america get with iron rails except by the of these who dragged all the prudent men in is conduct of life party the madness of many for the gain of a few this genius is the madness of few for the gain of the world the are sacrificed but the public is the each of these working after his thought would make it if he could he is met and by other as hot as he tlie is preserved by these as one ti ee keeps down another in the forest that it may not all the sap in the ground and the supply in nature of railroad copper grand smoke fire etc is limited by the same law which keeps the proportion in the supply of of and of to be rich is to have a ticket of admission to the master works and chief men of each race it is to have	37
the sea by to visit the mountains the the desert home paris to see galleries the reader of s follows the of a man whose eyes ears and mind are armed by all the science arts and implements which mankind have anywhere accumulated and who is using these to add to the stock so is it with and tiie rich man says is everywhere expected and at home the rich take up something more of the world into man s life they include the country as well as the town the ocean side the white hills the far west and the old european of man in their notion of available material the world is his who has money to go over it he arrives at the sea shore and a wealth and for liim tlie stormy atlantic and made it a luxurious hotel amid the horrors of the say t is the same to him who wears a shoe as if the whole earth were covered with leather kings are said to have long arms but every man should have long arms and should pluck his living his instruments his power and his knowing from the sun moon and stars is not then the demand to be rich legitimate yet i have never seen a rich man i have never seen a man as rich as all men ought to be or with an adequate command of nature the pulpit and the press have many the thirst for wealth but if men should take these at their word and leave off to be rich the would rush to at all this love of power in the people lest civilization should be undone men are urged by their ideas to acquire the command over nature ages derive a culture from the wealth of roman c s magnificent kings of france grand of of and in england or whatever great it is the interest of all men that there should be and full of noble works of art british and french gardens of plants philadelphia of natural history royal it is the interest of all that there should be exploring captain to voyage round the world and to find the and the poles we are all richer for the of a degree of latitude on the earth s surface our conduct of life is safer for the how our e of the system of tlie universe rests on that and a true economy in a state or an individual will forget its in behalf of claims like these whilst it is each man s interest that not only ease and convenience of living but also wealth or product should exist somewhere it need not be in his hands often it is very to him said well nobody should be rich but those who understand it some men are born to own and can all their possessions others cannot their is not graceful seems to be a compromise of their character they seem to steal own they should own who can administer not they who and conceal not they who the greater they are are only the greater beggars but they whose work out work for more opens a path for all for he is the rich man in whom the people are rich and he is the poor man in whom the people are poor and how to give all access to the of art and nature is the problem of civilization the of our day done good service in setting men on thinking how certain benefits now only enjoyed by the can be enjoyed by all for example the providing to each man the means and apparatus of science and of the arts there are many articles good for occasional use which few men are able to own every man wishes to see the ring of the and of and the mountains and in the moon yet few can buy a and of those scarcely one would like the trouble of keeping it in order and exhibiting it wealth so of and apparatus and many the like things every man may have occasion to consult books which he does not care to possess such as tables maps and public documents pictures also of birds beasts fishes shells trees flowers whose names he desires to know there is a influence from the arts of design on a prepared mind which is as positive as that of music and not to be supplied from any other source but pictures statues and casts beside first cost expenses as of galleries and for tlie exhibition and the use which any man can make of them is rare and their value too is much by the numbers of men who can share enjoyment in the greek cities it was reckoned profane that any person should pretend a property in a work of art which belonged to all who could behold it i think sometimes could i only have music on my own terms could i live in a great city and know where i could go whenever i wished the and of musical waves that were a bath and a medicine if properties of this kind were owned by states towns and they would draw the bonds of neighborhood closer a town would exist to an intellectual purpose in europe where the forms secure the of wealth in certain families those families buy and preserve these things and lay open to the public but in america where institutions divide every estate into small portions after a few years the public should step into the place of these and provide this culture and inspiration for tlie citizen p conduct of life man was to be rich or inevitably grows rich by the use of his faculties by the union of thought with nature property is an intellectual production the game requires coolness right reasoning and patience in the players cultivated labor drives out brute labor	37
an infinite number of shrewd in infinite years have arrived at certain best and shortest ways of doing and this accumulated skill m arts the worth of our world to day commerce is a game of skill which every cannot play which few men can play well the right merchant is one who has the just average of faculties we call sense a man of a strong for facts makes up his decision on what he has seen he is persuaded of the truths of there is always a reason in the man for his good or bad fortune and so in making money men talk as if there were some magic about this and believe in magic in all parts of he knows that all goes on the old road pound for pound cent for cent for every effect a perfect cause and that good luck is another name for of purpose he himself in transaction and likes small and sure gains and to the facts are the basis but the masters of the art add a certain long the problem is to combine many and remote operations with the accuracy and to the facts which is easy in near and small transactions so to arrive at gigantic results without any compromise of safety napoleon was fond of telling the story of the banker who said to his visitor surprised at the contrast wealth between the splendor of the banker s and hospitality and the meanness of the counting room in which he had seen him young man you are too young to understand how masses are formed the true and only power whether composed of money water or men it is all alike a mass is an immense centre of motion but it must be begun it must be kept up and he might have added that the way in which it must be begun and kept up is by obedience to the law of success consists in close to the laws of the world and since those laws are intellectual and moral an intellectual and moral obedience political economy is as good a book wherein to read the life of man and the of laws over all private and hostile influences as any bible which has come down to us money is representative and follows the nature and fortunes of the owner the coin is a delicate of civil social and moral changes the farmer is of his dollar and with reason it is no to him he knows how many strokes of labor it represents his bones ache with the s work that earned it he knows how much land it represents how much rain frost and sunshine he knows that in the dollar he gives you so much discretion and patience so much and try to lift his dollar you must lift all that weight in the city where follows the of a pen or a lucky rise in exchange it comes to be looked on as light i wish the farmer held it dearer and would spend it only for real bread force for force the farmer s dollar is heavy and the clerk s is light and leaps out of his pocket on to cards conduct of life and tables but still more curious is its to changes it is tlie finest of social storms and every step of civil advancement makes every man s dollar worth more in tlie country where it grew what would it buy a few years since it would buy a hunger bad company and crime there are wide countries like where it would buy little else to day than some petty of suffering in rome it will buy beauty and magnificence forty years ago a dollar would not buy much in boston now it will buy a great deal more in our old town thanks to and the growth of new york and the whole country yet there are many goods to a capital city which are not yet here no not with a mountain of dollars a dollar in is not worth a dollar in a dollar is not value but representative of value and at last of moral a dollar is for the corn it will buy or to speak strictly not for the corn or house room but for corn and roman room for the wit and power which we eat bread and dwell in houses to share and exert wealth is mental wealth is moral the value of a dollar is to buy just things a dollar goes on increasing in value with all the genius and all the virtue of the world a dollar in a university is worth more than a dollar in a jail in a temperate community than in some sink of crime where knives and are in constant iy the bank note is a useful publication wealth but tlie current dollar silver or paper is itself the of the right and wrong where it is it not instantly by the increase of if a refuses to sell his vote or to some odious right he makes so much more in and every acre in the e is more worth in the hour of his action if you take out of state street the ten merchants and put in ten persons tlie same amount of capital the of will indicate it the of banks will show it the will be less secure the schools will feel it the children will bring home their little dose of the poison the judge will sit less firmly on the bench and his be less upright he has lost so much support and wliich all need and the pulpit will betray it in a rule of life an apple tree if you take out every day for a number of days a load of and put in a load of sand about its	37
and by that he left the at the door of the hotel and found the inside money often costs too much and power and pleasure are not cheap the ancient poet said the gods sell all things at a fair price there is an example of the m the commercial history of this country when the european wars threw the carrying trade of the world from to into american a was now and then of an american ship of course the loss was serious to the owner but the country was for we charged a pound for carrying cotton sixpence for tobacco and so on which paid for the risk and loss and brought into the country an prosperity early marriages private wealth the building of cities and of states and after the war was over we received compensation over and above by treaty for all the well the americans grew rich and great but pay day comes round britain france and germany our extraordinary profits had send out attracted by the fame of our advantages first their thousands then their millions of poor people to share the crop at first we employ them and increase our prosperity but in the artificial system of society and of protected labor which we also have adopted and enlarged there come presently and then we refuse to employ these poor men conduct of e but they will not so be answered they go into the poor and though we refuse wages we must now pay the same amount in tlie form of taxes again it turns out that the largest proportion of crimes are committed by foreigners the cost of the crime and the expense of courts and of we must bear and the standing army of police we must pay the cost of education of the posterity of this great colony i will not but the gross amount of these costs will begin to pay back what we thought was a net gain from our customers of it is vain to refuse this payment we cannot rid of these people and we cannot get rid of their will to be supported that has become an inevitable element in our politics and for their each of the parties courts and them to get it executed moreover we have to pay not what would have contented them at home but what they have learned to think necessary here so that opinion fancy and all of moral considerations the problem these were the opinions in yet this result is no more final than the last we have hardly time to study this and these before the scale rights itself again this time new and immense benefits this countless host of are now seen to be adding by labor to the wealth of the country they plant the wilderness with wheat and corn work the mines for coal and lead and copper and gold build roads and towns and states create a market for the and commerce of either sea coast and swell by their taxes the national treasury wealth there a measures of economy which will bear to be without disgust for the subject is and we may easily have too much of it and therein the of which our bodies are built up which offensive in the particular yet compose valuable and effective masses our nature and genius force us to respect ends whilst we use means we must use the means and yet in our most accurate using screen and cloak them as we can only give i hem any beauty by a reflection of the glory of the end that is the good head which serves the end and commands the means the are ted by their means the means are too strong for them and they desert their end the first of these measures is that each man s expense must proceed from his er as long as your genius the is safe though you spend like a monarch nature arms each man with some faculty which him to do easily some feat impossible to any other and thus makes him necessary to society this native determination guides his labor and his spending he wants an of means and tools proper to his talent and to save on this point were to the special strength and of each mind do your work respecting the excellence of the work and not its this is so much economy that rightly read it is the sum of economy consists not in spending years of time or of money but in spending them off the line of your career the crime which men and is job work declining from your main design to serve a turn here conduct of life or nothing is beneath you if it is in the direction of your life nothing is great or desirable if it is off from that i think we are entitled here to draw a straight line and say that society can never prosper but must always be until every man does that which he was created to do spend for your expense and the expense which is not yours the painter was wont to say that he built a plain house and filled it with plain furniture because he would hold out no bribe to any to visit him who had not similar tastes to his own we are sympathetic and like children want everything we see but it is a large stride to independence when a man in the discovery of his proper talent has sunk the necessity for false expenses as the maiden by one e affection is relieved from a system of the daily necessity of pleasing all so the man who has found what he can do can spend on that and leave all other spending said when he was a younger brother he went brave in dress and but afterward his and farms might	37
answer for him let a man who belongs to the class of those namely who have found out that they can do something relieve himself of all on objects not his let the not mind appearances let him to others the costly and of social life the virtues are but some of the vices are also thus next to humility i have noticed that pride is a pretty good husband a good pride is as i reckon it worth from five hundred to fifteen hundred a year pride wealth is handsome economical pride so many vices letting none but itself that it seems as if it were a great gain to exchange vanity for pride pride can go without without fine clothes can live in a house with two rooms can eat beans corn can work on the soil can travel can talk with poor men or sit silent well contented in fine but vanity costs money labor horses men women health and peace and is still nothing at last a long way leading nowhere only one proud people are selfish and the vain are gentle and giving art is a jealous mistress and if a man have a genius for painting poetry music architecture or philosophy he makes a bad husband and an ill and should be wise in season and not himself with duties which will his days and spoil him for his proper work we had in this region twenty years ago among our educated men a sort of a passionate desire to go upon the land and unite farming to intellectual pursuits many effected their purpose and made the experiment and some became downright but all were cured of their faith that and practical farming i mean with one s own hands could be united with brow bent with firm intent the pale scholar leaves his desk to draw a breath and get a statement of his thought in the garden walk he to pull up a or a dock that is choking the young corn and finds there are two close behind the last is a third he reaches out his hand to a fourth behind that are four thousand and one he is heated and conduct of life and by and by wakes up from his idiot dream of and red root to remember his morning thought and to find that with his purposes he has been by a a garden is hke those we read of every month in the newspapers which catch a man s coat skirt or liis hand and draw in his arm his leg and liis whole body to irresistible destruction in an evil hour he pulled down his wall and added a field to his no land is bad but land is worse if a man own land the land owns him now let him leave home if he dare every tree and every hill of row of corn or hedge all he has done and all he means to do stand in his way like when he would go out of his gate the devotion to these vines and trees he finds poisonous long free walks a circuit of miles free his brain and serve his body long are no hardship to him he believes he easily on the hills but this in a few square yards of garden is and the smell of the plants has him and robbed him of energy he finds a in his bones he grows and poor spirited the genius of reading and of are like and one is in sparks and the other is strength so that each its workman for the other s duties an whose hands must be of an exquisite delicacy of stroke should not lay stone walls sir david gives exact instructions for observation lie down on your back and hold the single and object over your eye etc etc how much wealth more the of abstract truth who needs periods of and and a going out of the body to think spend after your genius and system nature goes by rule not by and there must be system in the saving and will not keep the most pathetic family from ruin nor will bigger make free spending safe the secret of success lies never in the amount of money but in the relation of income to as if after expense has been fixed at a certain point then new and steady of income though never so small being added wealth begins but in ordinary as means increase spending faster so that large in england and elsewhere are found not to help the eating quality of debt does not its when the is in the what is the use of planting larger crops in england the richest country in the se i was assured by shrewd that great lords and ladies had no more guineas to give away than other people that liberality with money is as rare and as famous a virtue as it is here want is a growing giant whom the coat of have was never large enough to cover i remember in to have been shown a fair still in the same name as in shakespeare s time the rent roll i was told is some fourteen thousand pounds a year but when the second son of the late proprietor was born the father was perplexed how to provide for him the eldest son must inherit the what to do with this he was advised to breed him for the church and to set conduct of life f tie liim in the which was in the gift of tlie family which w as done it is a general rule in that country that bigger do not help anybody it is commonly observed that a sudden wealth like a prize drawn in a or a large to a poor family does not permanently they have served no to wealth and with the	37
rapid wealth come rapid claims which they do not know how to deny and the treasure is quickly dissipated a system must be in every economy or the best single are of no avail a farm is a good thing when it and ends with itself and does not need a or a shop to it out thus the cattle are a main link in the chain if tha non or farmer leaves out the cattle and does not also leave out the want which the cattle must supply he must fill the gap by begging or stealing when men now alive were born the farm yielded everything that was consumed on it the farm yielded no money and the farmer got on without if he fell sick his neighbors came in to his aid each gave a day s work or a half day or lent his yoke of oxen or his horse and kept his work even his potatoes his hay his well knowing that no man could afford to hire labor without selling his land in autumn a farmer could sell an ox or a and get a little money to pay taxes withal now the farmer almost all he tin ware cloth sugar tea coffee fish coal railroad tickets and newspapers a master in each art is required because the practice is never with still or dead subjects but they change in wealth t your hands you form buildings and broad acres a solid property but its value is flowing like water it requires as much watching as if you were wine from a the farmer knows what to do with it stops every turns all the to one and wine but a comes out of tries his hand and it all away so is it with ite streets or timber as with fruit or flowers nor is any so permanent that it can be allowed to without incessant watching as the history of each attempt to lock up an inheritance through two generations for an may show when mr takes a cottage in the country and will keep his cow he thinks a cow is a creature that is fed on hay and gives a of milk twice a day but the cow he gives milk for three months then her bag up what to do with a dry cow who will buy her perhaps he bought also a yoke of oxen to do his work but tliey get blown and lame what to do with blown and lame oxen the farmer his after the spring work is done and them in the fall but how can who has no pastures and leaves his cottage daily in the cars at business hours be with and killing oxen he plants trees but there must be crops to keep the trees in land what shall be the crops he will have nothing to do with trees but will have grass after a year or two the grass must be turned up and now what crops help comes in the custom of the country and the rule of the rule is not to dictate nor a conduct of life to insist on carrying out each of your by ignorant but to learn practically the secret spoken from all nature that things themselves refuse to be and will show to the watchful their own law nobody need stir hand or foot the custom of the country will do it all i know not how to build or to plant neither how to buy wood nor what x do with the the field or the wood lot when bought never fear it is all settled how it shall be long beforehand in the custom of the country whether to sand or whether to clay it when to plough and how to dress whether to grass or to corn and you cannot help or hinder it nature has her own best mode of doing each and she has somewhere told it plainly if we will keep our eyes and ears open if not she will not be slow in us when we prefer our own way to hers how often we must remember the art of the surgeon which in the bone contents itself with the parts from false position they fly into place by the n of the muscles on this art of nature all our arts of the two eminent in the recent construction of in england mr went straight from to through mountains over streams crossing cutting estates in two and shooting through this man s cellar and that man s window and so arriving at his end at great pleasure to but with cost to his company mr on the contrary believing that the river knows the way followed his valley as as our western railroad follows the river and turned wealth out to be the safest and engineer we say the cows laid out boston well there are worse every m our pastures has frequent occasion to thank the cows for cutting the best path through thicket and over the hills and travellers and indians know the value of a trail which is sure to be the easiest possible pass through the ridge when a citizen fresh from dock square or milk street comes out and land in the country his first thought is to a fine outlook from his windows his library must command a western view a sunset every day bathing the shoulder of blue hills and the peaks of and what thirty acres and all this magnificence for fifteen hundred dollars it would be cheap at fifty thousand he proceeds at once his eyes dim with tears of joy to fix the spot for his corner stone but the man who is to level the ground thinks it will take many hundred loads of gravel to fill the hollow t o the road the stone who should build the well thinks he	37
shall have to dig forty feet the baker doubts he shall never like to drive up to the door the practical neighbor at the position of the barn and the citizen comes to know that his the farmer built the house in the right spot for the sun and wind the spring and water and the convenience to the pasture the garden the field and the road so dock square the point and have their own way use has made the farmer wise and the foolish citizen to take his counsel from step to step he comes at last to surrender at discretion the farmer affects to take his orders but the citizen says you may conduct of life ask me as often as you will and in ingenious forms for an opinion concerning the mode of building my wall or sinking my well or laying out my acre but the ball will to you these are matters on which i neither know nor need to know anything these are questions which you and not i shall answer not less within doors a system settles itself and over master and mistress servant and child cousin and acquaintance t is in vain that genius or virtue or energy of character strive and cry against it this is fate and t is very well that the poor husband reads in a book of a new way of living and to adopt it at home let him go home and try it if he dare another point of economy is to look for seed of the same kind as you sow and not to hope to buy one kind witli another kind friendship friendship justice justice military merit military success good finds wife and household the good merchant large gains ships stocks and money the good poet fame and literary credit but not either the other yet there is commonly a confusion of expectations on points lives for the moment praises himself for it and that he does not of course is poor and a good tlie old circumstance is that thinks it a superiority in himself this which ought to be rewarded with s lands i have not at all completed my design but we must not leave the topic without casting one glance into the interior recesses it is a doctrine of philosophy that wealth man is a being of degrees that there is nothing in the world which is not repeated in his body his body being a sort of miniature or summary of the world then that there is nothing in his body which is not repeated as in a celestial sphere in his mind then there is nothing in his brain which is not repeated in a higher sphere in his moral system now these things are so in nature all things ascend and the royal rule of economy is that it should ascend also or we do must have a aim thus it is a tliat money is another kind of blood alter or the estate of a man is only a larger kind cf body and admits of i to his bodily so there is no of the merchant which does not admit of an extended sense e g the best use of money is to pay debts every business by itself best time is present time the is in tools of your trade and the like the counting room liberally are laws of the universe the merchant s economy is a coarse symbol of the soul s economy it is to spend for power and not for pleasure it is to invest income that is to say to take up particulars into days into literary practical of its life and still to ascend in its the merchant has but one rule and invest he is to be the scraps and must be gathered back into the the gas and smoke must be and must not go to increase expense but to capital again well the man must be will he spend his income or will he invest his body conduct of life aud every organ is under the same law his body is a jar in which the liquor of life is stored will he spend for pleasure the way to ruin is short and will he not spend but for power it passes through the sacred by that law of nature everything to higher aud bodily vigor becomes mental and moral vigor the bread he eats is first strength and animal spirits it becomes in higher and thought d in still higher results courage and endurance this is the right compound interest this is capital doubled man raised to his highest power the true is always to spend on the higher plane to invest and invest with that he may spend in spiritual creation and not in animal existence nor is the man enriched in repeating the old experiments of animal sensation nor unless through new powers and ascending pleasures he knows himself by the actual experience of higher good to be already ou the way to the highest iv can rules or the whom we await he must be musical tremulous alive to gentle influence of landscape and of sky and tender to the spirit touch of man s or maiden s eye but to his native centre fast shall into future the past and the world s flowing in his own mould i culture the word of at tlie present day is culture whilst all the world is in pursuit of power and of wealth as a means of power culture the theory of c ss a man is the prisoner of his power a memory makes him an a talent for debate a skill to get money makes him a that is a beggar culture these by the aid of other powers against the dominant talent and by appealing to the rank of powers it watches success for performance	37
nature has no mercy and sacrifices tlie to get it done makes a or a of him if she wants a she makes one at the cost of arms and legs and any excess of power in one part is usually paid for at once by some defect in a part our depends so much on our that nature usually in the instances a marked man is sent into the world him with bias sacrificing liis to his power it is said a man can write but one book and if a man have a defect it is apt to leave its impression on all his performances if she a policeman like he is made up of suspicions and of plots to them the air conduct of life said is full of the spent his life in a pair of scales weighing his food lord valued highly because the s tale the fifth hen if chap against i saw a believed the principal in the english state were derived from the devotion to musical a not long since set out to explain to this country that the principal cause of the success of general washington was the aid he derived from the but worse than the on one string nature has secured by giving the private person a high conceit of his weight in the system the of society is there are dull and bright sacred and profane coarse and fine tis a disease that like falls on all in the known to as the patient sometimes turns round and continues to spin slowly on one spot is a variety of this malady the man runs round a ring formed by his own talent falls into an admiration of it and h relation to the world it is a tendency in all minds one of its forms is al craving for sympathy the parade their miseries tear the from their reveal their crimes that you may pity them they like sickness because physical pain will some show of interest from the as we have seen children who finding themselves of no account when grown people come in will cough till they choke to draw attention this is the of talent of artists and philosophers eminent shall culture an of putting their act or word aloof from them and seeing it bravely for the nothing it is beware of the man who says i am on the eve of a revelation it is speedily punished inasmuch as this habit men to humor it and by treating the patient tenderly to shut him up in a and him from the great world of god s cheerful men and women let us rather be insulted whilst we are religious literature has eminent examples and if we run over private list of poets critics and philosophers we shall find them with this and which we ought to have tapped this of is so frequent among notable persons that we must infer some strong necessity in nature which it such as we see in the attraction the preservation of the species was a point of such necessity that nature has secured it at all by immensely the passion at the risk of perpetual crime and disorder so has its root in the cardinal necessity by which each individual to be what he is this individuality is not only not inconsistent with culture but is the basis of it every valuable nature is there in its own right and the student we speak to mu t have a mother wit invincible by his culture which uses all books arts and of intercourse but is never subdued and lost in them he only is a man who has a good determination and the end of culture is not to destroy this god forbid but to train away all and mixture and leave nothing but pure our student must have a style and conduct of life nation and be a master in his own but this he must put it behind him he must liave a a power to see with a free and disengaged look every object yet is this private interest and self so that if a man seeks a companion who can look at objects for their own sake and without affection or self reference he will find the w ho will give him that satisfaction w most men are afflicted with a coldness an as soon as any object does not connect with their self love though they talk of the object before them they are thinking of themselves and their vanity is laying little traps for your admiration but after a man has discovered that there are limits to the interest which his private history has for mankind he still with his family or a few companions perhaps with half a dozen that are famous in his neighborhood in boston the question of life is the of some eight or ten men have you seen mr doctor mr mr mr have you heard garrison father have you talked with and then you may as well die in new york the question is of some other eight or ten or twenty have you seen a few lawyers and two or three scholars two or three two or three of newspapers new york is a sucked orange all conversation is at an end when we have discharged ourselves of a dozen domestic or imported which make up our american existence nor do we expect anybody to be other than a faint copy of these heroes i is very narrow bring any club or company of intelligent men together again after ten years and if the of some penetrating and genius could dispose them to frankness what a confession of would come up the causes to which we have sacrificed or or or would show like roots of bitterness and of wrath and our talents are as mischievous as if each had been seized	37
upon by some bird of prey which had him away from fortune from truth from the dear society of the poets some zeal some bias and only when he was now gray and was it its claws and he to sober culture is the suggestion from certain best thoughts that a man has a range of through which he can the violence of any master tones that have a in his scale and him against himself culture his balance puts him among his equals and the delicious sense of and him of the dangers of solitude and t is not a compliment but a to consult a man only on horses or on steam or on theatres or on eating or on books and whenever he appears to turn the conversation to the he is known to in the heaven of our forefathers s house had five hundred and floors and man s house has five hundred and forty floors his excellence is facility of and of transition through many related points to wide and extremes conduct op life culture his his conceit of his village or his city we must leave our at home when we go into the street and meet men on broad grounds of good meaning and sense no performance is worth loss of t is a cruel price we pay for certain fancy goods called fine arts and philosophy in the legend did not get a drink of s spring the fountain of wisdom until he left his eye in pledge and here is a that cannot his wrinkles nor conceal his wrath at interruption by the best if their conversation do not fit his here is he to us with his t is incident to scholars that each of them fancies he is odious in his community draw him out of this of with healthy blood his skin you restore to him his eyes which he left in pledge at s spring if you are the victim of your doing who cares what you do we can spare your opera your your analysis your history your your man of genius pays dearly for his distinction his head runs up into a spire and instead of a healthy man merry and wise he is some mad nature is reckless of the individual when she has points to carry she carries them to in and sea is the destiny of certain birds and they are so accurately made for this that they are imprisoned in those places each animal out of its would starve to the physician each man each woman is an of one organ a a a bank clerk and a could not exchange functions and thus wc are victims of culture ill the against are the range and variety of attractions as gained by acquaintance with the world with men of merit with classes of society with travel with eminent persons and with the high resources of philosophy art and religion books travel society the who has seen a horse broken a trained or who has visited a or the exhibition of the industrious will not deny the of education a boy says is the most vicious of all wild beasts and in the same spirit the old english poet says a boy is better than the city one kind of speech and manners the back country a different style the sea another the army a fourth we know that an army which be confided in may be formed by discipline that by discipline all men may be made heroes said to a french officer know colonel that none but a will boast that he never was afraid a great part of courage is the courage of having done the thing before and in all human action t faculties will be strong are used robert said give me a tiger and i will him t is to want faith in the power of education since to is the law of nature and men are valued precisely as they exert onward or force on the other hand is the acknowledging a fault to be of is the only mortal there are people who can never understand a or any second or expanded sense given to your words of conduct of life any humor but af er hearing the music and poetry and and wit of seventy or eighty years they are past the help of or clergy but even these can understand and the cry of fire and i have noticed in some of this class a marked dislike of let us make our education brave and politics is an after work a poor we are always a little late the evil is done the law is passed and we begin the agitation for of that of which we ought to have prevented the we shall one day learn to politics by education what we call our root and branch of slavery war gambling is only the symptoms we must begin higher up namely in education our arts and tools give to him who can handle them much the same advantage over the as if you extended his life ten fifty or a hundred years and i think it the part of good sense to provide every fine soul with such culture that it shall not at thirty or forty years have to say this which i might do is made hopeless through my want of weapons but it is that much of our training fails of effect that all success is and rare that a large part of our cost and pains is thrown away nature takes the matter into her own hands and though we must not omit any of our system we can seldom be sure that it has availed or that as much good would not have from a different system books as containing the finest records of human wit must always enter into our notion of culture the	37
of that condition look upon work on a railroad or in a city as opportunity poor country boys of and formerly owed what knowledge tliey had to their to the southern states and the pacific coast is now the university of this class as virginia was in old times to have some chance is their wo id and the phrase to know the world or to travel is with all men s ideas of advantage and superiority no doubt to a man of sense travel offers advantages as many languages as he has as many friends as many arts and trades so many times is he a man a foreign country is a point of comparison to judge his own one use of travel s to recommend the books and works of home culture for we go to europe to be and an other to find men for as nature put fruits apart in a new fruit in every degree so knowledge and fine moral quality she in distant men and thus of the six or seven teachers whom each man wants among his it often happens that one or two of them live on the other side of the world moreover there is in every constitution a certain when the stars stand still in our inward and when there is required some foreign force some diversion or to prevent and as a medical remedy travel seems one of the best just as a man witnessing the admirable effect of to lull pain and meditating on the cf of wounds in dr s discovery so a man who looks at paris at or at london says if i should be driven from my own home here at least my thoughts can be consoled by the most prodigal amusement and occupation which the human race in ages could contrive and akin to the benefit of foreign travel the value of is to unite the advantages of town and country life neither of which we can spare a man should live in or near a large town because let his own genius be what it may it will quite as much of agreeable and valuable talent as it draws and in a city the total attraction of all the citizens is sure to conquer first or last every and drag the most improbable within its walls some day in the year in town he can find the swimming school the the dancing master the shooting gallery oi era theatre conduct of life and the s shop the museum of natural history the gallery of fine arts the national in their turn foreign ti the and his club in the country he can find solitude and reading manly labor cheap living and his old shoes for game hills for and proves for devotion writes i have heard thomas say that in the earl of s house in there was a good library and books enough for him and his stored the library with what books he thought fit to be but the want of good conversation was a very great inconvenience and though he conceived he could order his as well as another yet he found a great defect in the country in long time for want of good conversation one s understanding and invention contract a moss on them like an old in an orchard cities give us collision tis said london and new york take the nonsense out of a man a great part of our education is sympathetic and social boys and girls who have been brought up with well informed and superior people show in their manners an grace fuller says that william earl of won a subject from the king of spain every time lie put off his hat you cannot have one well bred man without a whole society of such they keep each other up to any high point especially women it requires a great many cultivated women of bright elegant reading women accustomed to ease and refinement to spectacles pictures poetry and to elegant society in order that you should have one culture madame de the head of a commercial house or a leading lawyer or is brought into daily contact with troops of men from all parts of the country and those too the driving wheels the business men of each section and one can hardly suggest for an apprehensive man a more searching culture besides we must remember the high social possibilities of a million of men the best bribe which london offers to day to the imagination is that in such a vast variety of people and conditions one can believe there is room for persons of romantic character to exist and that the poet the mystic and the hero may hope to their i wish cities could teach their best lesson of quiet manners it is the especially of american youth the mark of the man of the world is absence of he does not make a speech he takes a low business tone all is nobody dresses plainly promises not at all much speaks in his fact he calls his employment by its lowest name and so takes from evil tongues their weapon his conversation to the weather and the news yet he allows himself to be surprised into thought and the of his learning and philosophy how the imagination is by anecdotes of some great man passing as a king in gray clothes of napoleon affecting a plain suit at his glittering of burns or scott or or or or any of power passing for nobody of who never says anything but will listen of conduct of life preferred trifling subjects and common expressions in intercourse with strangers worse than better clothes and to appear a little more capricious than he was there are advantages in the old hat and box coat i have heard that throughout this country a certain respect	37
is paid to good bi dress makes a little restraint men will not commit themselves but the box coat is like wine it the tongue and men say what they think an old poet says go far and go for you find it certain the poorer and the you appear the more you look through still not much otherwise writes in the lay of the humble to me men are for they are they wear no with me t is odd that our people should have not water on the brain but a little gas a shrewd foreigner said of the americans that whatever they say has a little the air of a speech yet one of the traits down in the books as the saxon is a trick of self to be sure in old dense countries among a million of good coats a fine coat comes to be no distinction and you find in an english party a man with no marked manners or features with a face like red unexpectedly and the tamed culture wit learning a wide range of topics and personal familiarity with good men in all parts of the world until you think you have fallen upon some illustrious personage can it be that the american forest has refreshed some weeds of old just ready to die out tiie love of the scarlet feather of beads and the are fond of red clothes and and i remember one rainy morning in the city of the street was in a blaze with scarlet the english have a plain taste the of the are plain a gorgeous livery new and awkward city wealth mr like mr thought the title of good against any king in europe they have themselves on governing the whole world in the poor plain dark which the house of sat in before the fire whilst we want cities as the where the best things are found cities us by trifles the finds the town a chop house a s shop he has lost the lines of grandeur of the horizon and plains and with them and elevation he has come among a tribe who live for show to public opinion life is dragged down to a of pitiful cares and you say the gods ought to respect a life whose objects are their own but in cities they have betrayed you to a cloud of insignificant race us z conduct op life le t is heavy odds against the gods when they will match with we our turn to day we take command jove gives the globe into the hand of of wliat is odious but noise and people who scream and people whose points always east who live to dine who send for the doctor themselves who toast their feet on the register to secure a chair and a corner out of the draught suffer them once to begin the of their and the sun will go down on the unfinished tale let these trifles put us out of conceit with petty comforts to a man at work the frost is but a color the rain the wind he forgot them when he came in let us learn to live dress plainly and lie hard the least habit of dominion over the has certain good effects not easily estimated neither will we be driven into a t is a superstition to insist on a special diet all is made at last of the same a man in pursuit of greatness feels no little wants how can you mind diet bed dress or or compliments or the figure you make in company or wealth or even the bringing things to pass when you think how paltry are the machinery and the workers culture was praised to me in for having afforded to his country neighbors an example of a modest household where comfort and culture were secured without display and a tender boy who wears his rusty cap and coat that he may secure the place in college and the right in tlie library is educated to some purpose there is a great deal of self denial and in poor and middle class houses in town and country that has not got into literature and never will but that keeps the earth sweet that on and on that goes and the boy that the horse but the school works early and late takes two in the factory three six but pays off the on the paternal farm and then goes back cheerfully to work again we can ill spare the commanding social benefits of cities must be used yet cautiously and and will yield their best to him who best can do without them keep the town for occasions but the habits be formed to retirement solitude the of is to genius the stern friend the cold obscure shelter where the wings which will bear it farther than and stars he who should inspire and lead his race must be defended from travelling with the souls of other men from living breathing reading and writing in the daily time worn yoke of their opinions in the morning solitude said that nature may speak to the imagination as she does never in company and that her favorite may make acquaintance with those divine which disclose to serious and abstracted conduct ok life ht t is very certain that milton did not live in a crowd but descended into it from time to time as and wise will press this point of securing to tbe young soul in the disposition of time and the of periods and habits of solitude the high advantage of university life is often tiie mere mechanical one i may call it of a separate chamber and fire which parents will allow the boy without hesitation at cambridge but do not think needful at home we say solitude to mark the character of the	37
tone of thought but if it can be shared between two or more than two it is happier and not less noble we four to his sacred friends will enjoy at the inward of a whose foundations are forever friendship the more i know you the more i and must all my companions their very presence me the common understanding itself from the one centre of all existence solitude takes off the pressure of present that more catholic and humane relations may appear the saint and poet seek privacy to ends the most public and universal and it is the of culture to interest the man more in his public than in his private here is a new poem which a good many comments in the journals and in conversation these it is easy at last to the verdict which readers passed upon it and that is in the main the poet as a is only interested in the praise accorded to him and not in the though it be culture just and the poor little poet only to that and the censure as m the critic but the poet becomes a in both companies say mr in the stock and in the humanity stock and in the last as much in the demonstration of the of as his interest in the former gives him pleasure in the of for the of his stock only shows the immense of the humanity stock as soon as lie sides with his critic against himself with joy he is a cultivated man we must have an intellectual quality in all property and in all action or they are must have children i must have events i must have a social state and history or my thinking and speaking want body or basis but to give these any value i must know them as and rather possessions pass for more to the people than to me we see this abstraction in scholars as a matter of course but what a charm it adds when observed in practical men like was intellectual and could look at every object for itself without affection though an a he could a play a building a character on universal grounds and give a just opinion a man known to us only as a in politics or in trade gains largely in our esteem if we discover that he has some intellectual taste or skill as when we learn of lord the long parliament s general his passion for studies or of the french his sublime genius in or of a living banker his success in poetry or of a conduct of life his devotion to so if in travelling in the dreary of or we should observe on the next seat a man reading or martial or we should wish to him in that require energy soldiers and civil sometimes betray a fine insight if only through a certain gentleness when off duty a good natured admission that there are illusions and who shall say that he is not their sport we only vary the phrase not the doctrine when we say that culture opens the sense of beauty a man is a beggar who only lives to the useful and however he may serve as a pin or in the social machine cannot be said to have arrived at self possession i every day from the want of perception of beauty in people they do not know the charm with which all moments and objects can be the charm of manners of self command of benevolence repose and cheerfulness are the of the gentleman repose in energy the greek battle pieces are calm the heroes in whatever violent actions engaged retain a serene aspect as we say of that it hills without speed a cheerful intelligent face is the end of culture and success enough for it the purpose of nature and wisdom attained when our higher faculties are in activity we are and awkwardness and discomfort give place to natural and agreeable movements it is noticed that the consideration of the great periods and spaces of a dignity of mind and an indifference to death the influence of fine scenery the presence of mountains our and our culture even a high dome and the interior of a cathedral liave a sensible effect on manners i have heard that stiff people something of their awkwardness under high and in spacious halls i think and painting have an effect to teach us manners and hurry but over all culture must from higher the of eloquence or of or of trade and the useful arts there is a certain of thought and power to and particulars which can only come from an insight of their whole connection the orator who has once seen things in their divine order will never quite lose sight of this and come to affairs as from a higher ground and though he will say of philosophy he will have a certain mastery in dealing with them and an of being dazzled or which will distinguish his handling from that of and a man who stands on a good footing with the heads of parties at washington reads the of the newspapers and the of provincial with a key to the right and wrong in each statement and sees well where all this will end will look through your machine at a glance and judge of its fitness and much more a wise man who knows not only what but what saint john can show him can easily raise the affair he with to a certain majesty says owed this elevation to the lessons ot descended from a higher sphere when he would influence human affairs washington stood on a fine humanity conduct of life before which the of modern are but politics but are secrets of culture which are not for the but for these are lessons only for the brave we	37
must know our friends under ugly the are our friends ben in his address to the muse get him the time s long grudge the court s ill will and reconciled keep him suspected still make him lose all his friends and what is worse almost all ways to any with me thou st a muse than thee aud which thou brought st me blessed poverty we wish to learn philosophy by and play at heroism but the wiser god says take the shame the poverty and the solitude that belong to try the rough water as well as the smooth water can teach lessons worth knowing when the si die is personal qualities are more than ever decisive fear not a revolution which will you to live five years in one don t be so tender at making an enemy now and then be willing to go to sometimes and let the bestow on you their the finished man of the world must eat of every apple once he must hold his also at arm s length and not remember spite he has neither friends nor enemies but men only as channels of power he who aims high must dread an easy home and popular manners heaven sometimes hedges a rare character culture about and as the that the fruit if there is am great and good thing in store for you it will not come at the first or the second call nor in the shape of fashion ease and city popularity is for steep and said is the path of the gods open your in the opinion of the he was the great man who scorned to shine and who the of fortune they preferred the noble vessel too late for the tide with winds and waves and to her companion into harbor with colors flying and guns firing there is none of the social goods that may not be purchased too dear and mere must not take rank with high aims and self replies to s mother who her disregard of dress if i cannot do as i have a mind in our poor i shall not carry things far and the youth must rate at its true mark the inconceivable levity of local opinion the longer we live the more we must endure the existence of men and women and every brave heart must treat society as a child and never allow it to dictate all that class of the severe and virtues said are almost too costly for humanity who wishes to be severe who wishes to resist the eminent and polite in behalf of the poor and low and and who that dares do it can keep his temper sweet his spirits the high virtues are not but have their in being illustrious at last wliat forests of laurel we bring and the tears of mankind i conduct of life to those firm against the opinion of the measure of a master is his success in all men round to his opinion twenty yea later let me say lie re that culture cannot begin too early in talking with scholars i observe that they lost on companions those years of boyhood which alone could give imaginative literature a religious and infinite quality in their esteem i find too that the chance for appreciation is increased by being the son of an and that these boys who now grow up are caught not only years too late but two or three too late to make the best scholars of and i think it a motive to a scholar tliat as in an old community a proprietor is usually found after the first of youth to be a careful husband and to feel a habitual desire that the estate shall suffer no harm by his administration but shall be delivered down to the next heir in as good condition as he received it so a considerate man will reckon himself a subject of that by which mankind is cured and refined and will every expenditure of his forces on pleasure or gain which will this social and tlie show us that nature began with forms and rose to the more complex as fast as the earth was fit for their dwelling place and that the lower perish as the appear very few of our race can be said to be yet finished men we still carry sticking to us some remains of the preceding inferior organization we call these millions men but they culture are not yet men half engaged in the soil to get free man needs all tbe music that can be brought to him if love red love with tears and joy if want with his if war with his if christianity with his charity if trade with its money if art with its if science with her through the of space and time can set his dull nerves throbbing and by loud on the tough can break its walls and let the new creature erect and free make way and sing the age of the is to go out the age of the brain and of the heart is to come in the time will come when the evil forms we have known can no more be organized man s culture can spare nothing wants all the material he is to convert all into instruments all enemies into power the formidable mischief will only make the more useful slave and if one shall read the future of the race hinted in the effort of nature to mount and and the corresponding impulse to the better in the human being we shall dare affirm that there is nothing he will not overcome and convert until at last culture shall the chaos and he will convert the into and the into benefit grace and caprice build this golden graceful women men every mortal their sweet and lofty countenance his	37
food he need not go to them their beset his solitude he seldom iu their face his eyes explore the ground the green grass is a looking glass whereon their traits are found little he to them so dances his heart iu his breast their tranquil mien him of wit of words of rest too weak to win too fond to the of his doom the much deceived slips behind a tomb behavior the soul which nature is not less significantly published in the figure movement and gesture of animated bodies than in its last vehicle of articulate speech this silent and language is manners not what but how life expresses a statue has no tongue and needs none good do not need nature tells every secret once yes but in man she tells it all the time by form attitude gesture mien face and parts of the face and by the whole action of the machine the visible carriage or action of the individual as from his organization and his will combined we call manners what are they but thought entering the hands and feet the movements of the body the speech and behavior there is always a best way of doing everything if it be to boil an t manners are the happy ways of doing things each once a stroke of genius or of love now repeated and hardened into usage they form at last a rich with which the routine of life is washed and its details adorned if they are superficial so are the which give such a depth to the morning meadows manners are very men catch them from each other in the romance conduct of life of tlie lessons she had g the in manners on tiie stage and in real life taught napoleon the arts of behavior genius fine manners which the baron and the copy very fast and by the advantage of a palace better the instruction the lesson they have learned into a mode the power of manners is incessant an element as as fire the nobility cannot in any country be disguised and no more in a republic or a than in a kingdom no man can resist their influence there are certain manners which are learned in good society of that force that if a son have them he or she must be considered and is everywhere welcome though without beauty or wealth or genius give a boy address and accomplishments and you give him the mastery of palaces and fortunes where he goes he has not the trouble of earning or them they liim to enter and possess we send girls of a timid retreating disposition to the boarding school to the to the ball room or they can come into acquaintance and of leading persons of their own sex where they might learn address and see it near at hand the power of a woman of fashion to lead and also to and from their belief that she knows resources and not known to them but when these have mastered her secret they learn to her and recover their self possession every day bears witness to their gentle rule people who would now do not the circle to demand that which belongs to a high state of nature or of culture your manners are always under behavior examination and by little suspected a police in citizens clothes but are or denying you very high when you least think of it we talk much of but t is our manners that associate us in hours of business we go to him who knows or has or does this or that which we want and we do not let our taste or feeling stand in the way but this activity over we return to the indolent state and wish for those we can be at ease with those who will go where we go whose manners do not offend us whose social tone with ours when we reflect on their and cheering force how they recommend prepare and draw people together how in all clubs manners make the members how manners make the fortune of the ambitious youth that for the most part his manners marry him and for the most part he manners when we think what keys they are and to what secrets what high lessons and inspiring tokens of character they convey and what is required in us for the reading of this ine telegraph we see what range the subject has and wliat relations to convenience power and beauty their first service is very low when they are the minor morals but t is the beginning of civility to make us i mean to each other we prize them for their rough force to get people out of the state to get them washed clothed and set up on end to animal and habits compel them to be clean their spite and meanness teach them to the base and choose the generous expression and make them know how much happier the generous are conduct of life bad behavior the laws reach society is with rude cynical restless end frivolous persons who prey upon the rest and whom a public opinion into good manners forms accepted by the sense of all can reach the and at public and private tables who are like who conceive it the duty of a dog of honor to growl at any by and do the honors of the house by barking him out of sight i have seen men who like a horse when you contradict them or say something which they do not understand then the who make their own invitation to your hearth the who gives you his society in large the of themselves a perilous class the frivolous who on you to find him in ropes of to twist the in short every of absurdity	37
these are social which the magistrate cannot cure or defend you from and which must be to the force of custom and and familiar rules of behavior impressed on young people in their school days lu the hotels on the banks of the they print or used to print among the rules of the house that no gentleman can be permitted to come to the public table his coat and in the same country in the of the churches little plead with the against the fury of charles undertook the of our american manners in unspeakable particulars i think the lesson was not quite lost that it held bad manners up so that the could see the behavior unhappily the book had its own it ought not to need to print in a reading room a caution to strangers not to speak loud nor to persons who look over fine that they should be handled like and wings nor to persons who look at marble statues that they shall not them with but even in the perfect civilization of this city such are not quite needless in the and city library manners are and grow out of circumstance as well as out of character if you look at the pictures of and of of different periods and countries you will see how well they match the same classes in our towns the modern not only is well drawn in s and in roman and statues but also in the pictures which brought home of in broad lands and great interests not only arrive to such heads as can manage them but form manners of power a keen eye too will see nice of rank or see in the manners the degree of homage the party is wont to receive a prince who is accustomed every day to be and deferred to by the highest a corresponding expectation and a becoming mode of receiving and replying to this homage there are always exceptional people and modes english affect to be farmers is a and under the finish of dress and levity of behavior hides the terror of his war but nature and destiny are honest and never fail to leave their mark to hang out a sign for each and for every quality it is much to conduct op life one s face and perhaps the ambitious youth thinks lie has got the whole secret when he has learned that disengaged manners are commanding don t be deceived by a exterior tender men sometimes have strong wills we had in an old who had sat all his life in courts and in chairs of state without an extreme of face voice and bearing when he spoke his voice would not serve him it cracked it broke it it httle cared he he knew that it had got to pipe or or his argument and his indignation when he sat down after speaking he seemed in a sort of fit and held on to his chair with both hands but underneath all this was a will firm and advancing and a memory in which lay in order and method like every fact of his history and under the control of his will manners are partly but mainly there must be capacity for culture in the blood else all culture is vain the obstinate prejudice in favor of blood which lies at the base of the and of the old world has some reason in common experience every man artist soldier or merchant looks with confidence for some traits and talents in his own which he would not dare to presume in the child of a stranger the are very on this point take a thorn bush said the and it for a whole year with water it will yield nothing but thorns take a leave it without culture and it will always produce dates nobility is the date tree and the is a bush ot thorns behavior a main fact in tlie history of manners is the wonderful of tlie human body if it were made of glass or of air aud the thoughts ware written on steel within it could not publish more truly its meaning than now men read very sharply all your private in your look and gait and behavior the whole economy of nature is bent on expression the body is all tongues men are like g with crystal faces which expose the whole movement they carry the liquor of life flowing up and down in these beautiful bottles and announcing to the curious how it is with them the face and eyes reveal what the spirit is doing how old it is what aims it has the eyes indicate the antiquity of the soul or through many forms it has already ascended it almost the if we say above the breath here what the eyes do not hesitate to utter to every street passenger man cannot fix his eye on the sun and so far seems imperfect in a late traveller found men who could see the of with their eye in some respects the animals us the birds have a longer sight beside the advantage by their wings of a higher a cow can bid her calf by secret signal probably of the eye to run away or to lie down and hide itself the say of certain horses that they look over the whole ground the life and hunting and labor give equal vigor to the human eye a farmer looks out at you as strong as the horse his eye beam is like the stroke of a staff an eye can threaten like a loaded and gun or can insult like conduct of life hissing or kicking or in its altered mood by beams of kindness it can make the heart dance with joy the eye exactly the action of the a strikes ns the eyes fix and remain gazing at	37
a distance in the names of persons or of countries as france germany spain turkey the eyes wink at each new name is no of learning sought by the mind which the eyes do not in acquiring an artist said must have his measuring tools not in the hand but in the eye and there is no end to the catalogue of its performances whether in indolent vision that of health and beauty or in strained vision that of art and labor eyes are bold as lions running leaping here and there far and near they speak all languages they wait for no introduction they are no englishmen ask no leave of age or rank they respect neither poverty nor riches neither learning nor power nor virtue nor sex but intrude and come again and go through and through you in a moment of time what of life and thought is discharged from one soul into another through them the glance is natural magic the mysterious communication established across a house between two entire strangers moves all the springs of wonder the communication by the glance is in the greatest part not subject to the control of the will it is the bodily symbol of identity of nature we look into the eyes to know if this other form is another self and the eyes will not lie but make a faithful confession what is there the revelations are sometimes terrific tlie confession of a low devil is there behavior made and the observer shall seem to feel the stirring of and and hoofs where he looked for innocence and simplicity t is remarkable too that the spirit that appears at the windows of the house does at once invest himself in a new form of his own to the mind of the the eyes of men converse as much as their tongues with the advantage that the dialect needs no dictionary but is understood all the world over when the eyes say one thing and the tongue another a practised man on the language of the first if the man is off his centre the eyes show it you can read in the eyes of your companion whether your argument him though his tongue will not confess it there is a look by which a man shows he is going to say a good and a look when he has said it vain and forgotten are all the fine offers and offices of hospitality if there is no holiday in the eye how many inclinations by the eye though by the lips one comes away from a company in which it may easily happen he has said nothing and no important remark has been addressed to him and yet if in sympathy with the society he shall not have a sense of this fact such a stream of life has been flowing into him and out from him through the eyes there are eyes to be sure that give no more admission into the man than others are liquid and deep wells that a man might fall into others are and devouring seem to call out the police take all too much notice and require crowded and the security of millions to protect individuals against them the military eye i r conduct op life meet now darkly sparkling under now rustic brows t is the city of t is a of there are asking eyes asserting e es eyes and eyes full of fate some of good and some of sinister omen the alleged power to charm down insanity or ferocity in beasts is a power behind the eye it must be a victory achieved in the will before it can be signified in the eye t is very certain that each man carries in his eve the exact indication of his rank ia the immense scale of men and we are always learning to read it a complete man should need no to his personal presence whoever looked on him would consent to his will being that his aims were generous and universal the reason why men do not obey us is because they see the mud at the bottom of our eve if the organ of sight is such a vehicle of power the other features have their own a man finds room in the few square inches of the face for the traits of all his ancestors for the expression of all his history and his wants the and and will tell you how a feature is the nose low its forms express strength or weakness of will and good or bad temper the nose of caesar of and of est the terrors of the what refinement and what the teeth betray beware you don t laugh said the wise mother for then you show all your faults left in manuscript a chapter which he called de la in which he says the look the voice the and the attitude or walk are behavior identical but as it has not been given to man the power to stand guard at once over four different expressions of liis thought watch tliat one which speaks out the truth and you will know the whole man palaces interest us mainly in the exhibition of manners which in the idle and expensive society dwelling in them are raised to a high art the of courts is that manner is power a calm and resolute bearing a polished speech an of trifles and the art of hiding all uncomfortable feeling are essential to the and saint and cardinal de and and an of will instruct you if you wish in those potent secrets thus it is a point of pride with kings to remember faces and names it is reported of one prince that his head had the air of leaning downwards in order not to humble the crowd there are people who come in ever	37
like a child with a piece of good news it was said of the late lord holland that he always came down to breakfast with the air of a man who had just met with some signal good fortune in dame the took his place on the with the look of one who is thinking of something else but we must not peep and at palace doors fine manners need the support of fine manners in others a scholar may be a well bred man or he may not the is introduced to polished scholars in society and is chilled and silenced by finding himself not in their element they all have somewhat which he has not and it seems ought to have but if he finds j g conduct of life the apart from his companions it is then the s turn and the scholar has no defence but must deal on his terms now they must fight the battle out on their private strength what is the talent of that character so common the successful man of the world in all and drawing rooms manners manners of power sense to see his advantage and manners up to it see him approach his man he knows that troops behave as they are handled at first that is his secret just what happens to every two persons who meet on any affair one instantly that he the key of the situation that his will the other s will as the cat does the mouse and he has only to use courtesy and furnish good natured reasons to his victim to cover up the chain lest he be into resistance the theatre in which this science of manners has a formal importance is not with us a court but dress circles wherein after the close of the day s business men and women meet at leisure for mutual entertainment in ornamented drawing rooms of course it has every variety of attraction and merit but to earnest persons to youths or maidens who have great objects at heart we cannot it a well dressed company where each is bent to amuse the other yet the high born who came hither fancied that every woman seemed to be suffering for a chair that all the were and exhausted by the air it spoiled the best persons it put all on yet here are the secret written and read the aspect of that man is repulsive i do not wish to deal behavior with him the other is irritable shy and on his guard the youth looks humble and manly i choose him look on this woman there is not beauty nor brilliant sayings nor distinguished power to serve you but all see her gladly her whole air and impression are here come the and the here is who caught cold in coming into the world and has always increased it since here are manners and manners look at said he looks like a rat that has seen a cat in the shallow company easily excited easily tired here is the the do not express more repose than his behavior here are the sweet following eyes of it seemed always that she demanded the heart nothing can be more excellent in kind than the grace of s manners and yet who has no manners has better manners than she for the movements of are the of a spirit which is sufficient for the moment and she can afford to express every thought by instant action manners have been somewhat defined to be a contrivance of wise men to keep fools at a distance fashion is shrewd to detect those who do not belong to her train and seldom her attentions is very swift in its instincts and if you do not belong to it and at you or quietly drops you the first weapon the party attacked the second is still more effective but is not to be resisted as the date of the transaction is not easily found people grow up and grow old under this and never suspect the conduct of life truth tbe solitude acts on them very to any cause but the right one the basis of good manners is self reliance necessity is the law of all who are not self possessed those who are not self possessed and pain us some men appear to feel that they belong to a caste they fear to offend they bend and and walk through life with a timid step as we sometimes dream that we in a well dressed company without any coat so acts ever as if he suffered from some circumstance the hero should find himself at home wherever he is should impart comfort by his own security and good nature to all the hero is suffered to be himself a person of strong mind comes to perceive that for him an is secured so long as he renders to society that service which is native and proper to him an from all the yea and duties which society so on the rank and file of its members says has not the fine manners of but she adds good the and masters of our souls have surely a right to throw out their limbs as carelessly as they please on the world that belongs to them and before the creatures they have animated manners require time as nothing is more vulgar than haste friendship should be surrounded with ceremonies and respects and not crushed into corners friendship requires more time than poor busy men can usually command here comes to me with a delicacy of sentiment leading and him like a divine cloud and behavior or holy t is a great to both that this should not be entertained with large but should be by affairs but through this ous the reality is ever shining t is hard to keep the what from breaking	37
through this pretty painting of the how the core will come to the surface strong will and keen perception old manners and create new and the thought of the present moment has a greater value than all the past in persons of character we do not remark manners because of their we are surprised by the thing done out of all power to watch the way of it yet nothing is more charming than to recognize the great style which runs through the actions of such people before us in their fortunes titles offices and connections as or civil or or professors or great lawyers and impose on the frivolous and a good deal on each other by these at least it is a point of prudent good manners to treat these tenderly as if they were but the sad knows these fellows at a glance and they know him as when in paris the chief of the police enters a ball room so many shrink and make themselves as as they can or give him a look as they pass i had received said a i had received at birth the fatal gift of penetration and these are always born manners impress as they indicate real power a man who is sure of his point carries a broad and contented expression which everybody reads and you cannot conduct of life rightly one to an air and except by making the kind of man of whom that manner is the natural expression nature forever puts a on reality what is done for is seen to be done for effect what is done for love is felt to be done for love a man affection and honor because he was not lying iii wait for these the of a man for which we visit him were done in the dark and the cold a little integrity is better than any career so deep are the sources of this surface action that even the size of your companion seems to vary with his freedom of thought not only is he larger when at ease and his thoughts generous but everything around him becomes with expression no carpenter s rule no rod and chain will measure the dimensions of any house or house lot go into the house if the proprietor is constrained and t is of no how large his house now beautiful his grounds you quickly come to the end of all but if the man is self possessed happy and at home his house is deep founded large and interesting the roof and dome as the sky under the roof the commonest person in plain clothes sits there massive cheerful yet formidable like the egyptian neither nor nor nor has set down the grammar rules of this dialect older than but they who cannot yet read english can read this men take each other s measure when they meet for the first time and every time they meet how do they get this rapid knowledge even before they speak of each other s power and behavior tions one would say that the persuasion of speech is not iu what they say or that men do not convince by their argument but by their personality by who they are and what they said and did heretofore a man already strong is listened to and everything he says is applauded another him with sound argument but the argument is until by and by it gets into the mind of some person then it begins to tell on the community self reliance is the basis of behavior as it is the that the powers are not in too much demonstration in this country where school education is universal we have a culture and a profusion of reading and writing and expression we parade our in poems and instead of working them up into happiness there is a whisper out of the ages to him who can understand it whatever is known to alone has always very great value there is some reason to believe that when a man does not write his poetry it escapes by other through him instead of the one vent of writing to his form and manners whilst poets have often nothing poetical about them except their verses said that when a man has fully expressed his thought he has somewhat less possession of it one would say the rule is what a man is irresistibly urged to say helps him and us in explaining his thought to others he explains it to himself but when he opens it for v it him society is the stage on which manners are shown novels are their literature novels are the journal or conduct life record of manners and the new importance of these books from the fact that the to penetrate tlie surface and treat this part of life more the novels used to be all alike and had a quite vulgar tone the novels used to lead us on to a foolish interest in the fortunes of the boy and girl they described the boy was to be raised from a humble to a high position he was in want of a wife and a castle and the object of the story was to supply him with one or both we watched step by step his climbing until at last the point is gained the wedding fixed and we follow the procession home to the when the doors are in our face and the poor reader is left outside in the cold not enriched by so much as an idea or a virtuous impulse but the of character are instant and for all its greatness all we are foi by every heroic anecdote the novels are as useful as if they teach you the secret that the best of life is conversation and the greatest success is confidence or perfect understanding between	37
people tis a definition of friendship s good understanding the highest compact we can make with our fellow is let be truth between us two that is the charm in all good novels as it is the charm in all good histories that the heroes understand from the first and deal and with a profound trust in each other it is sublime to feel and say of another i need never meet or speak or write to him we need not ourselves or behavior send tokens of remembrance i rely on liim as on myself if he did thus or thus i know it was right in all the superior people i have met i notice truth spoken more truly as if everything of of had been trained away what have they to conceal what have they to exhibit between simple and noble persons there is always a quick intelligence they recognize at sight and meet on a better ground than the talents and they may chance to possess namely on sincerity and for it is not what talents or genius a man has but how he is to his talents that friendship and character the man that stands by himself the universe stands by him also it is related of the that being by the pope he was at his death sent in charge of an angel to find a fit place of suffering in hell but such was the eloquence and good humor of the that wherever he went he was received gladly and treated even by the most angels and when he came to discourse with them instead of or forcing him they took his part and adopted his manners and even good angels came from far to see him and take up their abode with him the angel that was sent to find a place of torment for him attempted to remove him to a worse pit but with no better success for such was the contented spirit of the that he found something to praise in every place and company though in hell and made a kind of heaven of it at last the angel returned with his prisoner to them that sent him saying that no could be found that would bum him for that in whatever conduct of life remained the legend says his sentence was and he was allowed to go into heaven and was as a saint there is a stroke of in the correspondence of with his brother joseph when the latter was king of spain and complained that he missed in napoleon s letters the affectionate tone which had marked their childish correspondence i am sorry replies napoleon you think you shall find your brother again only in the fields it is natural that at forty he should not feel towards you as he did at twelve but his feelings towards you have greater truth and strength his friendship has the features of his mind how much we forgive in those who yield us the rare spectacle of heroic manners we will pardon them the want of books of arts and even of the virtues how we remember them here is a lesson which i brought along with me in boyhood from the latin school and which ranks with the best of roman anecdotes was accused by tliat he had excited the to take arms against the republic but he full of firmness and gravity defended himself in this manner that president of the excited the to arms president of the it there is witness which do you believe when he had said these words he was by the assembly of the people i have seen manners that make a similar impression with personal beauty that give the like behavior and us like that and in memorable experiences they are suddenly better than beauty and make that superfluous and ugly but they must be marked by fine perception the acquaintance with real beauty they must always show self control you shall not be or but king over your word and every gesture and action shall indicate power at rest then tliey must be inspired by tlie good heart there is no of complexion or form or behavior like the wish to scatter joy and not pain around us t is good to give a stranger a meal or a s lodging t is better to be hospitable to his good meaning and and give courage to a companion we must be as courteous to a man as we are to a picture which we are willing to give the advantage of a good light special are not to be thought of the talent of well doing contains them all every hour will show a duty as as that of my whim just now and yet i will write it that there is one topic forbidden to all well bred to all rational mortals namely their if you have not slept or if you have slept or if you have or or or thunder stroke i you by all angels to hold your peace and not the morning to all the bring serene and pleasant thoughts by and groans come out of the day do not leave the sky out of your landscape the oldest and the most deserving person should come very modestly into any newly company respecting the divine communications out of which all must be to have newly come an old man conduct of life who added an culture to a large experience of life said to me when you come into the room i til ink i will study how to make humanity beautiful to you as respects the question of culture i do not that any other than negative rules can be laid down for positive rules for suggestion nature alone it who dare assume to guide a youth a maid to perfect manners the golden mean is so delicate say	37
frankly what finest hands would not be clumsy to sketch the genial of the young girl s the chances seem infinite success and yet success is continually attained there must not be and t is a thousand to one that her air and manner will at once betray that she is not but that there is some other one or many of her class to whom she habitually herself but nature lifts her easily and without knowing it over these and e are continually surprised with graces and not only but vi worship this is he who hy foes sprang harmless up refreshed hy blows he to was sold but him no prison bars would hold though t ey sealed him in a rock mountain chains he can thrown to lions for their meat the crouching lion kissed his feet bound to the stake no flames appalled but arched o er him an vault this is he men fate dark ways arriving late but ever coming in time to crown the truth and wrong down he is the oldest and best known more near than aught thou call st thy own yet greeted in another s eyes with glad surprise this is jove who to ers floods with blessings unawares draw if thou the mystic line rightly his from thine which is human which divine j i worship some of my friends have complained when the preceding papers were read that we discussed fate power and wealth on too low a platform gave too much line to the evil spirit of the times too many cakes to that we ran s risk of making by excess of the argument of so strong that he could not answer it i have no fears of being forced in my own despite to play as we say the devil s attorney i have no infirmity of faith no belief that it is of much importance what i or any man may say i am sure that a certain truth will be said through me i should be dumb or though i should try to say the reverse nor do i fear for any good soul a just will allow full swing to his i dip my pen in the ink because i am not afraid of falling into my i have no sympathy with a poor man i knew who when told me he dared not look at his we are of different opinions at different hours but we always may be said to be at heart on the side of truth i see not why we should give ourselves such airs if the divine providence has hid from men neither disease nor nor corrupt society but has stated conduct op life itself out in passions in war in trade in the love of power and pleasure in hunger and need in and arts let us not be so nice that we cannot write these facts down as they stand or doubt but there is a counter statement as ponderous which we can arrive at and which being put will make all square the system has no anxiety about its reputation and the credit of truth and honesty is as safe nor have i any fear that a bias can be given by leaning hard on the sides of fate of practical power or of trade which the doctrine of faith cannot down weigh the strength of that principle is not measured in ou and pounds it at the centre of nature we may well give as much line as we can the spirit will return and fill us it drives the drivers it any of power heaven kindly gave our blood a moral flow we are born loyal the whole creation is made of hooks and eyes of of sticking plaster and whether your community is made in or in of saints or of it in a perfect ball men as naturally make a state or a church as a web if they were more refined it would be less formal it would be nervous like that of the who from long habit of thinking and feeling together it is said are affected in the same way at the same time to work and to play and as they go with perfect sympathy to their tasks in the field or shop so are they inclined for a ride or a journey at the same instant and the horses come up with the family carriage to the door worship we are barn believing a man bears as a tree bears apples a self belongs to every and a to every mind and is the and protector of every society i and my neighbors have been bred in the notion unless we came soon to some good church or or or there would be a universal and dissolution no or has arrived nothing can exceed the that has followed in our skies the stern old have all t is a whole population ot gentlemen and ladies out in search of t is as flat in our as that which existed iii in the revolution or which now on the e of the rocky mountains or s peak yet we make shift to live men are loyal nature has self in all her works certain proportions in which and combine and not less a harmony in faculties a fitness in the spring and the the decline of the influence of or or or need give us no uneasiness the of heaven has not so ill constructed his creature as that the religion that is the public nature should fall out the public and the private element like north and south like inside and outside like and to every soul and cannot be subdued except the soul is dissipated god his temple in the heart on the ruins of churches and in the last chapters we treated some particulars of the question of	37
of of and so forth those laws do not stop where our eyes lose them but push the same and up into the invisible plane of social and rational life so that look where we will in a boy s game or in the of races a perfect reaction a perpetual judgment keeps watch and ward and this appears in a class of facts which concerns all men within and above their shallow men believe in luck believe in circumstances it was somebody s name or he happened to be there at the time or it was so then and another day it would have been otherwise strong men believe in cause and effect the man was born to do it and his father was bom to be the father of him and of this deed and by looking narrowly you shall see there was no luck in the matter but it was all a problem in or an experiment in the curve of the flight of the is and all things go by number rule and weight is in cause and effect a man does not see that as he eats so he thinks as he so he is and so he appears he does not sec that his sou is the son of his thoughts and of his actions that fortunes are not exceptions but fruits that relation and conduct of life are not and sometimes but everywhere and always no no no but method and an even web and what out that was put in as we are so we do and as we do so is it done to us wc are the of our fortunes cant and lying and the attempt to secure a good which does not belong to us are once for all and vain but in the human mind this tie of faith is made alive the law is the basis of the human mind in us it is inspiration out there in nature we see its fatal strength we call it the moral sentiment we owe to the a definition of law which well witli any in our western books law it is which is without name or color or hands or feet which is smallest of the least and largest of the all and knowing all things which hears without ears sees without eyes moves without feet and without hands if any reader tax me with using vague and phrases let me suggest to him by a few examples what kind of a trust this is and how real let me show him that the are loaded that the colors are fast because they are the native colors of the that the globe is a battery because every is a and that the police and sincerity of the universe are secured by god s his divinity to every that there is no room for no margin for choice the leaving his native village for the first time and going abroad finds all his habits broken up in a new nation and language his as or is lost what it is then necessary to the order and existence of society he this and the commanding eye of his neighborhood which held him to decorum this is the peril of new york of new of london of paris to young men but after a little experience he makes the discovery that there are no large cities none large enough to hide in that the of action are as numerous and as near in paris as in or that the gossip is as prompt and there is no concealment and for each offence a several vengeance that or nothing for nothing or things are as broad as they are long is not a rule for or but for the universe we cannot spare the of virtue we are disgusted by gossip yet it is of importance to keep the angels in their the smallest fly will draw blood and gossip is a weapon impossible to from the highest nature created a police of many ranks god has himself to a million these low external the scale next come the the fears which injustice calls out then the false relations in which the is put to men and the reaction of his fault on himself in the solitude and of his mind you cannot hide any secret if the artist his spirits by or wine his work will itself as the effect of or wine if you make a picture or a statue it sets the in that state of mind you had when you made it if you spend for show on building or or on pictures or on conduct op life it will so appear we are all and of character and things are if vou follow the fashion in building a looking house for a little money it will appear to all eyes as a cheap dear house there is no privacy that cannot be penetrated no secret can be kept in the civilized world society is a ball where every one hides his real character and it by hiding if a man wish to conceal anything he carries those whom he meets know that he somewhat and usually know what he is it otherwise if there be some belief or some purpose he would bury in his breast t is as hard to hide as fire he is a strong man who can hold down his opinion a man cannot utter two or three sentences without to intelligent ears precisely where he stands in life and thought namely whether in the kingdom of the senses and the understanding or in that of ideas and imagination in the realm of and duty people seem not to see that their opinion of the world is also a confession of character we can only see what we are and if we we suspect others the fame of shakespeare or of of	37
thomas a or of those who give it as is found to be the best police so the universe itself by pitiless each must be armed not necessarily with and happy if seeing these he can feel that he has better and in his energy and constancy to every creature is his own weapon however concealed from himself a good while his work is sword and shield let accuse none let him injure none the way to mend the bad world is to create the right world here is a low political economy to cut the throat of foreign competition and establish our own others by force or making war on them or by cunning giving preference to worse wares of ours but the real and lasting are those of peace and not of war the way to conquer the foreign is not to kill him but to beat his work and the crystal palaces and world with their and on all kinds of industry are the result of this feeling the american workman who strikes ten blows with his hammer whilst the foreign workman only strikes one is as really that foreigner as if the blows were aimed at and told on his person i look on that man as happy who when there is question of success looks into his work for a reply not into the market not into opinion not into patronage in every variety of employment in the mechanical and in the fine arts in in farming in there are among the numbers who do their task as we say or just to pass and as badly as they dare there are the on whom the burden of the business falls those who love work and love to see it rightly done who finish their task for its own sake and the state and the world is happy that has the most of such the world will always do justice at last to such it cannot otherwise he who has acquired the ability may wait securely the occasion of making it felt and appreciated and know that it will not men talk as if y were some l conduct op life thing fortunate work is victory work is done victory is obtained there is no chance and no you want but one verdict if you have your own you are secure of the rest and yet if witnesses are wanted witnesses are near there was never a born so wise or good but one or more companions came into the world with him who delight in his faculty and report it i cannot see without awe that no thinks alone and no man acts alone but the divine who came up with him into life now one disguise now under er like a police in citizens clothes walk with him step for step through the kingdom of time this reaction this sincerity is the property of all things to make our word or act sublime we must make it real it is our system that counts not the single word or action use what language you will you can never say anything but what you are wliat i am and what i think is conveyed to you in spite of my ts to hold it back what i am has been conveyed from me to another whilst i was vainly making up my mind to tell him it he has heard me what i never spoke as men get on in life they acquire a love for sincerity and somewhat less solicitude to be or amused in the progress of the character there is an increasing faith in the moral sentiment and a faith in young people admire talents and particular as we grow older we value total powers and effects as the spirit or quality of the man we have another sight and a new standard an insight which regards what is done or tlie eye aiid to the an ear which hears not what men say but hears what they do not say there was a wise devout man who is called in the catholic church st philip of many anecdotes his and benevolence are told at and rome among the in a not far from rome one had appeared who laid claim to certain rare gifts of inspiration and prophecy and the advised the holy father at rome of the wonderful powers shown by her the pope did not well know what to make of these new claims and philip coming in from a journey one day he consulted him philip undertook to visit the and ascertain her he threw himself on his mule all travel soiled as he was and hastened through the mud and mire to the distant he told the the wishes of his and begged her to summon the without delay the was sent for and as soon as she came into the apartment philip stretched out his leg all with mud and desired her to draw off his boots the young who had become the object of much attention and respect drew back with anger and refused the office philip ran out of doors mounted his mule and returned instantly to the pope give yourself no uneasiness holy father any longer here is no miracle for here is no humility we need not much mind what people please to say but what they must say what their natures say though their busy artful yankee try to hold back and choke that word and to articulate something conduct op life different if we will sit quietly what tliey ought to say is said with their will or against their will we do not care for you bt us pretend what we will we are always looking through you to the dim behind you whilst your habit or whim we and impatiently wait until that wise superior shall speak again even children	37
of humility he shall work in the dark work against failure pain and ill will if he is insulted he can be insulted all his affair is not to insult writes at the last day men shall wear on their heads the dust as and as ornament of their lowly conduct op life the moral all all it is the coin which all and all find in their pocket under the whip of the driver the slave feel his equality with saints and heroes in the greatest and calamity it surprises man with a feeling of which makes nothing of loss i recall some traits of a remarkable person whose life and discourse betrayed many of this sentiment was always great in the present time lie had nothing from the past neither in his neither in his memory he had no designs oa the future neither for what he sh do to men nor for what men should do for him e said i am never beaten until i know that i am beaten i meet powerful brutal people to whom i have no skill to reply they think they have defeated me it is so published in society in tiie journals i am defeated in this fashion in all men s sight perhaps on a dozen different lines my may show that i am in debt cannot yet make my ends meet and the enemy so my race may not be we are sick ugly obscure my children may be i seem to fail in my friends and too that is to say in all the that have yet chanced have not been for that particular occasion and have been beaten and yet i know all the time that i have never been beaten have never yet fought shall certainly fight when my hour comes and shall beat a man says the who having well compared his own strength or weakness with that of others after all doth not know the difference is easily overcome by his enemies worship i spent he said ten months in the country thick was my only companion wherever a or a bee can go with security i can go i ate was set before me i touched ivy and when i went abroad i kept company with every man on the road for i knew that my evil and my good did not come from these but from the spirit whose servant i was for i could not stoop to be a circumstance as they did who put their life into their fortune and their company i would not myself by casting about in my memory for a thought nor by waiting for one if the thought come i would give it entertainment it should as it ought go into my hands and feet but if it come not it comes not rightly at all if it can spare me i am sure i can spare it it shall be the same with mv friends i will never the loveliest i will not ask any friendship or favor when i come to my own we shall both know it nothing will be to be asked or to be granted went out o seek his friend and met him on the way but he expressed no surprise at any on the other hand if he called at the door of his friend and he was not at home he did not go again concluding that he had the he had the whim not to make an apology to the same individual whom he had wronged for this he said was a piece of personal vanity but he would correct his con in that respect in which he had to the next person he should meet thus he said universal justice was satisfied came to ask what she should do with the poor conduct op life woman who liad hired herself to work for lier at a shilling a day and now sickening was like to be on her hands should she keep her or should she dismiss her but said why ask one thing will clear itself as the thing to be done and not another when the hour comes is it a question whether to put her into the street just as much whether to thrust the little on your arm into the street the milk and meal you give the beggar will thrust the woman out and you thrust your babe out of doors whether it so seem to you or not in the so called i find one piece of belief in the doctrine which they faithfully hold that them to open their doors to every man who to come among them for they say the spirit will presently manifest to the man himself and to the society what manner of person he is and whether he belongs among them they do not receive him they do not reject him and not in vain have they worn their clay coat and in their fields and in their dance from year to year if they have truly learned thus much wisdom honor him whose life is perpetual victory him who by sympathy with the invisible and real finds support in labor instead of praise who does not shine and would rather not with eyes open he makes the choice of virtue which the virtuous of religion wliich churches stop their to burn and for the highest virtue is always against the law miracle comes to the miraculous not to the talent and success interest me but worship the great class they who affect our imagination the men who could not make their hands meet around their objects the the lost the fools of ideas they suggest what they cannot execute they speak to the ages and are heard from afar the spirit does not love and if there ever was a good man be certain there was another and will	37
be more and so in relation to that future hour that clothed with beauty at our curtain by night at our table by day the apprehension the assurance of a coming change the race of mankind have always offered at least this implied thanks for the gift of existence namely the terror of its being taken away the curiosity and appetite for its the whole revelation that is vouchsafed us is the gentle trust which in our experience we find will cover also with flowers the slopes of this chasm of immortality the soul when well employed is it is so well that it is sure it will be well it asks no questions of the supreme power the son of asked his father m hen he would join battle dost thou fear replied the king that thou only in all the army wilt not hear the trumpet t is a higher thing to confide that if it is best we should live we shall tis higher to have this conviction than to have the lease of indefinite centuries and and higher than the question of our duration is the question of our deserving immortality will come to such as are fit for it and he who would be a great soul in future must be a great soul now it is a doctrine too great to rest on any legend that is on any man s conduct op life ence but our own it must be proved if at all from our own activity and designs which imply an interminable future for their play what is called religion and such as you are the gods themselves could not help you men are too often unfit to live from their obvious to their own necessities or tliey suffer from politics or bad neighbors or from sickness and they would gladly know that they were to be dismissed from the duties of life but the wise instinct asks how will death help them these are not dismissed when they die you shall not wish for death out of the of the universe is pressed down on the shoulders of each moral agent to hold him to his task the only path of escape known in all the worlds of god is performance you must do your work before you shall be released and as far as it is a question of fact respecting the government of the universe the whole in a word it is pleasant to die if there be gods and sad to live if there be none and so i think that the last lesson of life the song which rises from all elements and all angels is a voluntary obedience a freedom man is made of the same as ihe world is he shares the same impressions and destiny when his mind is illuminated when his heart is kind he throws himself joyfully into the sublime order and does with what the stones do by structure the religion which is to guide and fulfil the present and coming ages whatever else it be must be intellectual the scientific mind must have a faith which is science worship there are two said i the learned in his and the fool in his our times are impatient of both and specially of the last let us have nothing now which is not its own evidence there is surely enough for the heart and imagination in the religion itself let us not be with and half truths with emotions and there will be a n w church founded on moral science at first cold and naked a babe in a again the and of law the church of men to come without or or but it will have heaven and earth for its beams and science for symbol and illustration it will fast enough gather beauty music picture poetry was never so stern and as this shall be it shall send man home to his central solitude shame these social manners and make him know that much of the time he must have himself to his friend he shall expect no co operation he shall walk with no companion the nameless thought the nameless power the personal heart he shall repose alone on that he needs only his own verdict no good fame can help no bad fame can hurt him the laws are his the good laws themselves are alive they know if we have kept them they him with the leading of great and an endless horizon honor and fortune exist to him who always the neighborhood of the great always feels himself in the presence of high causes vii considerations by the way hear what british sung of keenest eye and truest tongue say not the chiefs who first arrive the seats for which all the forefathers this land who found failed to plant the ground ever from one who comes to morrow men wait their good and truth to borrow but wilt thou measure all thy road see lift the load who has little to him who has less can spare and thou s son beware ponderous gold and to bear to ere thou task fulfil only the light armed climb the hill the richest of all lords is use and ruddy health the muse live in the sunshine swim the sea drink the wild air s where the star shines in may are thankful and nations gay the music that can deepest reach and cure all ill is cordial speech conduct ov life mask thy wisdom with delight toy with the bow hit the white or all wit s the main one is to live well with who has none to thine at re the round year fetch all fruits and virtues here and foe may harmless and lovers bide at home a day for toil an hour for sport but for a friend is life too short by the	37
way although this of is born with us i confess that life is rather a subject of wonder than of so much fate so much irresistible from temperament and inspiration enters into it that we doubt we can say anything out of our own experience whereby to help each other all the professions are timid and expectant the priest is glad if his prayers or his sermon meet the condition of any soul if of two if of ten t is a signal success but he walked to the church without any assurance that he knew the or could heal it the physician hesitatingly out of his few resources the same or to this new and constitution wliich lie has applied with various success to a hundred men before if the patient he is glad and surprised the lawyer the and tells his story to the jury and leaves it with them and is as gay and as much relieved as the if it turns out that he has a verdict the judge the arguments and puts a brave face on the matter and since there must be a decision as he can and hopes he has done justice and given satisfaction to the community but is only an advocate after all and so is all life a timid and m conduct of life ful spectator we do what we must and call it by the best names we like very well to be praised for our action but our conscience says not unto us t is little we can do for each other we accompany the youth with and manifold old sayings of the wise to the gate of the but h is certain that not by strength of ours or of the old sayings but only on strength of his own unknown to us or to any lie must stand or fall that by which a man in any passage is a profound secret to every other being in the world and it is only as he turns his back on us and all men and draws on this most private wisdom that any good can come to him what we have therefore to say of life is rather description or if you please than available rules yet vigor is and whatever makes us either think or feel strongly adds to our power and our field of action we have a debt to every great heart to every fine genius to those who have put life and fortune on the cast of an act of justice to those who have added new to those who have refined life by elegant pursuits t is the fine souls who serve us and not what is called fine society fine society is only a self protection against the of the street and the tavern fine society in tlie common has neither ideas nor aims it the service of a or a not of a farm or factory t is an and a smith said a few yards in london or friendship it is an decorum an air of clean linen and of gloves cards and elegance in trifles there by the way are other measures of self respect for a than the number of clean shirts he puts on every day society wishes to be amused i do not wish to be amused i wish that life should not be cheap but sacred i wish the days to be as centuries loaded fragrant now we them as bank days by some debt which is to be paid us or which we are to pay or some pleasure we are to taste is all we have to do to draw the breath in and blow it out again s definition is better life is that which holds matter together the babe in arms is a channel through which the energies we call fate love and reason visibly stream what a train of man carries with him of animals plants stones and elements let us infer his ends from this pomp of means said why should we feel ourselves to be men unless it be to succeed in everything everywhere you must say of nothing that is beneath me nor feel that anything can be out of your power nothing is impossible to the man who can will that necessary that shall be this is the only law of success whoever said it this is in the right key but this is not the tone and genius of the men in the street in the streets we grow cynical the men we meet are coarse and the finest wits have their what quantities of thieves and of both sexes might be spared mankind itself into two classes and the second class is vast the first a handful a person seldom falls sick but the are animated with a faint hope that conduct of life le will die quantities of poor lives of distressing of cases for a gun said mankind are very superficial and tbey begin upon a thing but meeting with a difficulty tliey fly from it discouraged but they have if they would employ them shall we then judge a country by the majority or by the by the surely t is to estimate nations by the or by square miles of land or other than by their importance to tbe of the time leave this about the masses masses are rude lame in their and influence and need not to be flattered but to be i wish not to anything to them but to tame divide and break them up and draw individuals out of them the worst of charity is that the lives you are asked to preserve are not worth preserving masses the calamity is the masses i do not wish any mass at all but honest men only lovely sweet accomplished women only and no handed drinking million or at all if government knew	37
how i should like to see it check not the population when it reaches its true law of action every man that is born will be hailed as essential away with this of masses and let us have the considerate vote of single men spoken on their honor and their conscience in old it w as established law that the vote of a prophet be reckoned equal to a hundred hands i think it was much clay and clay differ in as discover by our every day what a vicious considerations by the way practice is this of our at off as if one man who wrong going a ay could excuse you who mean to vote right for going away or as if your presence did not tell in more ways than in your vote suppose the three hundred heroes at had off with three hundred would it liave been all the same to greece and to history napoleon was called by his men cent add honesty to him and they might have called him hundred million nature makes fifty poor for one that is good and shakes down a tree full of before you can find a dozen apples and she nations of naked indians and nations of clothed christians with two or three good heads among them nature works very hard and only the white once in a million throws in mankind she is contented if she one master in a century the more difficulty there is in creating good men the they are used when they come i once counted in a little neighborhood and found that every able man had say from twelve to fifteen persons dependent on him for material aid to whom he is to be for spoon and for and for nursery and hospital and many functions beside nor does it seem to make much difference whether he is bachelor or if he do not violently decline the duties that fall to him this amount of will in one way or another be brought to him this is the tax which his abilities pay the good men are employed for private of use and for larger influence all revelations whether of mechanical or intellectual or moral science are made not conduct of life to but to single persons all tbe marked events of our day all the cities all the may be traced back to their origin in a private brain all the which make our civility were the thoughts of a few good heads meantime tliis is not or needless you would say this of nations might be spared but no they are all counted and depended on fate keeps everything alive so long as the smallest thread of public necessity holds it on to the tree the and bully and thief class are allowed as every one of their vices being the excess or of a virtue the mass are animal in and near but the whereof this mass is composed are every one of which may be grown to a queen bee the rule is we are used as brute until we think then we use all the rest nature turns all to good nature provided for real needs no sane man at last himself his existence is a perfect answer to all sentimental if he is he is wanted and has the precise properties that are required that we are here is proof we ought to be here we have as good right and the same sort of right to be here as cape or sandy hook have to be there to say then the majority are wicked means no malice no bad heart in the observer but simply that the majority are and have not yet come to themselves do not yet know their opinion that if they knew it is an for them and for all but in the passing moment the interest is very prone to prevail and this beast force whilst it makes the discipline of the world considerations by the way the school of heroes the glory of has provoked in every age the satire of wits and the tears of good men they find the journals the clubs the the churches to be in the interest and the pay of the devil and wise men have met this in their times like with his famous irony like bacon with like with his book the of folly like with his satire the nations they were the fools who cried against me you will say wrote the de to ay but the fools have the advantage of numbers and t is that which t is of no use for us to make war with them we shall not them they will always be tlie masters there will not be a practice or an usage introduced of which they are not the authors in front of these sinister facts the first lesson of history is the good of evil good is a good doctor but bad is sometimes a better t is the of the savage forest laws and crushing that made possible the of under john edward t wanted money armies castles and as much as he could get it was necessary to call the people together by shorter ways and the house of arose to obtain he paid in privileges in the twenty fourth year of his reign he that no tax should be without consent of lords and which is the basis of the english constitution that the cruel wars which followed the march of alexander introduced the civility language and arts of greece into the savage conduct op east introduced marriage built seventy cities aud united hostile nations under one government the who broke up the roman empire did not arrive a day too soon says the thirty s war made germany a nation rough selfish serve men immensely as in the contest with the pope as the	37
no less than the wisdom of as the ferocity of the russian as the of the french of the frost which the harvest of a year the of a century by destroying the or the wars fires break up immovable clear the ground of rotten races and of aud a fair field to new men there is a tendency in to right themselves and the war or revolution or that a rotten system allows things to take a new and natural order the evils are bent into that which makes the errors of and t he and of men self nature is by passions resistance danger are we acquire the strength we have overcome without war no soldier without enemies no hero the sun were if the universe were not and the glory of character is in the horrors of to draw thence new of power as art lives and in new use and of and into the dark for of night what would painter do or what would poet or saint but for aud and in the world is this marvellous balance of beauty and disgust magnificence and rats by the way not but a poor said the more trouble the more lion that s my principle i do not think very respectfully of the designs or the doings of the people who went to in it was a rush and a scramble of and in the western country a general jail of all the of the rivers some of them went with honest purposes some with very bad ones aud all of them with the y commonplace wish to find a short way to wealth but nature watches over all and turns this to good gets peopled and d civilized in this way and on this fiction a real prosperity is rooted and grown t is a duck t is thrown to amuse the whale but real ducks aud that yield oil are caught and out of and out of robbers real and their come in fulness of time in america the geography is sublime but the men are not the inventions are excellent but the one is sometimes ashamed of the by which events so grand as the opening of of of and the of the two are effected are paltry coarse selfishness fraud and conspiracy and most of the great results of history are brought about by means the derived in and the great west from is and vastly exceeding any on record what is the benefit done by a good king alfred or by a or or elizabeth or or any lover less or larger compared with the involuntary conduct op blessing wrought on nations hy the selfish who built the and the of the ii pi valley roads have not only all the wealth of the soil but the energy of millions of men t is a sentence of ancient wisdom that god hangs the greatest on the smallest wires what happens thus to nations every day in private houses when the friends of a gentleman brought to his notice the follies of his sons with many hints of their danger lie replied that he knew so much mischief when he was a and had turned out on the whole so successfully that he was not by the of boys t was dangerous water but he thought they would soon touch bottom and then swim to the top this is bold practice and there are many failures to a good escape yet one would say that a good understanding would suffice as well as moral sensibility to keep one erect the of the passions are so quickly seen to be and what men like least seriously lowering them in social rank then all talent sinks with character a son said we see those who by dint of some or obstacles from which the prudent the right is a narrow man who because he does not see many things sees some one thing with heat and exaggeration and if he falls among other narrow men or on objects which have a brief importance as some trade or politics of the hour he prefers it to the se and seems inspired and a to those who wish to the matter and carry a point considerations by the way better certainly if we secure the strength and fire which rude passionate men bring into society quite clear of their vices but who dares draw out the from the wagon wheel t is so manifest that there is no moral but is a good passion out of place that there is no man who is not indebted to his that according to the old the are the bonds of men that the are our principal which kill the disease and save the life in the high prophetic phrase he causes the wrath of man to praise him and and our evil to our good wrote c tis said best men are of their faults and great and and especially and leaders of colonies mainly rely on this stuff and esteem men of irregular and force the best timber a man of sense and energy the late head of the farm school in boston harbor said to me i want none of your good boys give me the bad ones and this is the reason i suppose why as soon as the children are good the mothers are scared and think they are going to die said there are none but men of strong passions capable of going to greatness none but such capable of the public gratitude passion though a bad is a powerful spring any absorbing passion has the effect to deliver from the little and cares of every day t is the heat which sets our human spinning the of crossing and first addresses in society and gives us a good start and speed easy to continue when conduct	37
solitude the uses of travel are occasional and short but the fruit it finds when it finds it is conversation and this is a main function of life what a difference in the hospitality of minds is he to whom we can say what we cannot say to ourselves others are involuntarily to us and us of the power of thought and us as when there is sympathy there needs but one wise man in a company and all are wise so a makes a of his companion wonderful power to possesses this brother when he comes into the office or public room society one after another slips out and the apartment is at his disposal what is but a frivolous habit a is as as a yet folly in the sense of fun or can easily be borne as said i find nonsense singularly refreshing but a fool tlie reason of a household have seen a whole family of quiet sensible people and beside themselves victims of such a rogue for the steady of one perverse person the best since we must withstand absurdity but resistance only the fool who believes that nature and are quite wrong and he only is right hence all the dozen inmates are soon with whatever virtues and they have into con conduct of life and of this one like a boat about to be or a carriage run away with not only the foolish pilot or driver but everybody on board is forced to assume strange and ridiculous attitudes to balance the vehicle and prevent the for remedy whilst the case is yet mild i recommend and truth let all the truth that is spoken or done be at the of or truth itself will be folly but when the case is seated and the only safety is in as say you shall cut and run how to live with unfit companions for with such life is for the most part spent and experience teaches little better than our earliest instinct of self defence namely not to engage not to mix yourself in any manner with them but let their madness spend itself conversation is an art in which a man has all mankind for his for it is that which all are every day while they our habit of thought take men as they rise is not satisfying in the common experience i fear it is poor and the success which will content them is a bargain a employment an advantage gained over a a marriage a a and the like with these objects their conversation with politics trade personal defects exaggerated bad news and the rain this is forlorn and they feel sore and sensitive now rf one comes who can this dark house with thoughts show them their native riches what gifts they have how indispensable each is what powers over nature and men what access to poetry religion considerations by the way and the powers wliich constitute character he wakes in the feeling of his suggestions require new ways of living new books new men new arts and then we come out of our egg shell existence into the great dome and see the over and the under us instead of the and of knowledge to which we are daily confined we come down to the shore of the sea and dip our hands in its miraculous waves t is the effect on the company they are not the men they were they have all been to and all have come back there is no book and no pleasure in life to it ask what is best in our experience and we shall say a few of plain dealing with wise people our conversation once and again has us that we belong to better circles than we have yet beheld that a mental power us whose are more worth for joy and for effect than anything that is now called philosophy or literature in excited conversation we have glimpses of the universe hints of power native to the soul far darting lights and shadows of an landscape such as we can hardly attain in lone meditation here are sometimes given to which the memory goes back in barren hours add the consent of will and temperament and there exists the of friendship our chief want in life is somebody who shall make us do what we can this is the service of a friend with him we are easily great there is a sublime attraction in him to whatever virtue is in us how he wide the doors of existence what questions we ask of him what an conduct op life wc have how few words are needed it is the only real society an eastern poet ben writes with sad truth he who has a thousand friends has not a friend to spare and he who has one enemy shall meet bim eveiy where but few writers liave said anything better to this point than who this relation as the test of mental health no secret until thou friendship since to the no heavenly knowledge enters is life long enough for friendship that is a serious and majestic affair like a royal presence or a religion and not a s dinner to be eaten on the run there is a about friendship as about love and though fine souls never lose sight of it yet they do not name it with the first class of men our friendship or good understanding goes quite behind all accidents of of condition of reputation and yet we do not provide for the greatest good of life we take care of our health we lay up money we make our roof tight and our clothing sufficient but who wisely that he not be wanting in the best property of all friends we know that all our training is to fit us for this and we	37
do not take the step towards it how long shall we sit and wait for these it makes no difference in looking back five years how you have been or dressed whether you have been lodged on the first floor or the whether you have l ad gardens and good cattle and horses have been carried in a neat or in a ridiculous these things are forgotten so quickly and leave no effect by way but it counts much whether we have had good in that time almost as much as what we have been doing and see the overpowering importance of neighborhood in all association as it is marriage fit or unfit that makes our home so it is who lives near us of equal social degree a few people at convenient distance no matter bad company these and these only shall be your life s companions and all those who are native congenial and by an oath of the heart to you are gradually and totally lost you cannot deal with this fine element of society and one may take a good deal of pains to people together and to clubs and societies and yet no result come of it but it is certain that there is a great deal of good in us that does not know itself and that a habit of union and competition brings people up and keeps them up to their highest point that life would be twice or ten times life if spent with wise and fruitful companions the obvious is a little useful deliberation and when one goes to buy house and land but we live with people on other we live with not only with the young whom we are to teach all we know and clothe with the advantages we have earned but also with those who serve us directly and for money yet the old rules hold good let not the tie be though the service is measured by money make yourself necessary to somebody do not make life hard to any this point is acquiring new importance in american social life our domestic service is usually a foolish of unreasonable demand on one conduct op life side and on tlie a man of wit was asked in tlie train what was bis and in the city he replied have been sent to procure an angel to do cooking a lady complained to me that of her two maidens was absent minded and the other was absent and the evil from the ignorance and of every ship load of the population into houses and farms few people discern that it rests with the master or the mistress what service comes from the man or the maid that this identical was a spirit in one house and a in the other all sensible people are selfish and nature is at every contract to make the terms of it fair if you are proposing only your own the other party must deal a little hardly by you if you deal generously the other though selfish and unjust will make an exception in your favor and deal truly with you when i asked an about the and in railroad iron o he said there s always good iron to be had if there s in the iron t is because there was in the pay but why these topics and their illustrations which are endless life brings to each his task and whatever art you select painting architecture poems commerce politics all are even to the miraculous triumphs on the same terms of selecting that for which you are apt begin at the beginning proceed in order step by step t is as easy to twist iron and as to straw to boil granite as to boil water if you take all tlie steps in order wherever there is failure there is some some considerations by t ii r way superstition about luck some step omitted nature never the conditions of life may be liad on the same terms their attraction for you is the pledge that tliey are within your reach our prayers are there must be fidelity and there must be respectable the life that to its objects youthful aspirations are fine things your theories and plans of life are fair and but will you stick not one i fear in tliat common full of people or in a thousand but one and when you tax them with treachery and remind them of their high resolutions they have forgotten that tliey made a vow the individuals are fugitive and in the act of becoming something else and the race is great the ideal fair but the men and the hero is he who is the main difference between people seems to be that one man can come under obligations on which you can rely is and another is not as he has not a law within him there s nothing to tie him to t is inevitable to name particulars of virtue and of condition and to them but all rests at last on that integrity which talent and can spare it consists in not being subdued by your means fancy prices are paid for position and for the culture of talent but to the grand interests superficial success is of no account the man it is his attitude not but forces not on set days and public occasions but at all hours and in repose alike as in energy still formidable and not to be disposed of the says with home if you would be powerful conduct of life pretend to be powerful i prefer to say with the old pi thou great things seek them not or what was said of a prince the more you took from him the greater he looked oh il est grand the secret of culture is to learn that a	37
of is drawn with a round his eyes yes because he does not see what he not like but the sighted hunter in the universe is love for finding what he seeks and only that and the tell us that was painted lame and to call attention to the fact that one was all limbs and the other all eyes in the true love is an immortal child and beauty leads him as a guide nor can we express a deeper sense than when we say beauty is the pilot of the young soul beyond their delight the forms and colors of nature have a new charm for us in our perception that not one ornament was added for ornament but each is a conduct op life of some better or more excellent action el of form in bird or beast or in the human figure marks some excellence of structure or v is only ail invitation from what belongs to us t is a law of that in plants the same virtues follow the same forms it is a rule of largest application true in a plant true in a loaf of bread that in the construction of fabric or any real of fitness to its end is an increase of beauty lesson taught by the study of greek and of art of antique and of pre was worth all the namely that all beauty must be that outside is it is the of the bones that itself in a bloom complexion health of constitution that makes the sparkle and the power of the eye t is the of the size and of the joining of the of the skeleton that gives grace of outline and the finer grace of movement the cat and the deer cannot move or sit the dancing master can never teach a badly built man to walk well the tint of the flower proceeds from its root and the of the sea shell begin with its existence hence our taste in building paint and all and shows the original grain of the wood refuses and columns that support nothing and allows the real of the house honestly to show themselves every necessary or action pleases the a man leading a horse to water a farmer seed the labors of in the field the carpenter building a ship the smith at his or whatever useful labor is becoming to the wise beauty eye but if it is done to be seen it is mean beautiful are on the sea but ships in the theatre or ships kept for picturesque effect on virginia water by iv and men hired to stand in fitting at a penny an hour what a difference in effect between a of troops marching to action and one of our independent companies on a holiday in the midst of a military show and a procession gay with i saw a boy seize an old tin pan that lay ig under a wall and it on the top of a stick he set it turning and made it describe the most elegant imaginable curves and drew away attention from the decorated procession by this startling beauty another text from the the tliat was born of the foam of the sea nothing interests us which is or bound d but only what streams with life what is in act or to reach somewhat beyond tlie pleasure a palace or a temple gives the eye is that an order and method has been communicated to stones so that they speak and become tender or sublime with expression beauty is the moment of transition as if the form were just ready to flow into other forms any or on one feature a long nose a sharp chin a back is the reverse of the flowing and therefore beautiful as is the of any form if the form can move we seek a more excellent the interruption of the eye to desire the restoration of and to watch the steps through which it is attained this is the charm of running water sea waves the flight conduct of life of birds and the of this is the of to recover iu the lost not by abrupt and but by gradual and movements have told by of ex k n iu matters of taste that the fashions follow a law of and are never arbitrary the new mode is always only a step onward in the same direction as the last mode and a cultivated eye is prepared for and the new fashion this fact suggests the reason of all mistakes and offence in our own modes it is in music when vou strike a discord to let down the car by an note or two to the accord again and many a good experiment of good sense and destined to succeed fails only because it is sudden i suppose the who dresses the world from her imperious will know how to reconcile the costume to the eye of mankind and make it triumphant over himself by the just i need not say how wide the same law and how much it can be hoped to effect all that is a little harshly claimed by parties may easily come to be without question if this rule be observed thus the circumstances may be easily imagined in which woman may speak vote argue causes and drive a coach and all the most naturally in the world if only it come by degrees to this streaming or flowing belongs the beauty that all circular movement has as the circulation of waters the circulation of the blood the motion of the annual wave of vegetation the action and reaction of nature and if we follow it out this demand in our beauty for ail ever onward action is the argument for the immortality one more text from the is to the same purpose rides on	37
a beauty rests on necessities the line of beauty is the result of perfect economy the cell of the bee is built at that angle gives the most strength with the least wax the bone or the of the bird gives the most strength with the least weight it is the of said there is not a to spare in natural there is a compelling reason in the uses of the plant for every novelty of color or form and our art material by more skilful arrangement and reaches beauty by taking every superfluous that can be spared from a wall and keeping all its strength in the poetry of columns in this art of is a chief secret of power and in general it is proof of high culture to say the greatest matters in the simplest way first of all and forever de beau le in all design art lies in making your object prominent but there is a prior art in choosing objects that are prominent the fine arts have nothing casual but spring from the instincts of the nations that created them beauty is the quality which makes to endure in a that i know i have noticed a block of lying about and mantel pieces for twenty years together simply because the man gave it the form of a rabbit and i suppose it may continue to be about unchanged for a century let an artist a conduct of life few lines or figures on the back of a letter and that scrap of paper is from danger is put iu is framed and glazed and in proportion to the beauty of the lines drawn will be kept for centuries writes a r j y of verses and sends them to a newspaper and the human race take charge of them that they shall not perish as the is heard farther than the cart see surely a beautiful form strikes the fancy of men and is copied and without end how many copies are there of the the the tlie the and the temple of are objects of tenderness to all in our cities an ugly building is soon removed and is never repeated but any beautiful building is copied and improved upon so that all and work to repeat and preserve the agreeable forms whilst the ugly ones die out the of design in art or in works of nature arc shadows or of that beauty which reaches its perfection in the human form all men are its lovers wherever it goes it joy and and everything is permitted to it it reaches its height in woman to eve say the god gave two thirds of all beauty a beautiful woman is a practical poet her savage mate planting tenderness hope and eloquence in all whom she approaches some of condition must go with it since a certain serenity is essential but we love its and nature wishes that woman should attract man yet she often into her face a little sarcasm which beauty seems to say yes i am willing to attract but to attract a little better kind of man than any i yet behold french of the century the name of de a virtuous and accomplished maiden who so fired the enthusiasm of her by her form that the citizens of her native city of obtained the aid of the civil authorities to compel her to appear publicly on the balcony at least twice a week and as often as showed herself the crowd was dangerous to hfe not less in england in the last century was the fame of the of whom elizabeth married the duke of and maria the earl of says the was so great when the of was presented at court on friday that even the noble crowd in the drawing room on chairs and tables to look at her there are at their doors to see them get into their chairs and people go early to get places at the theatres when it is known they will be there such crowds he adds elsewhere flock to see the of that seven hundred people sat up all night in and about an inn in to see her get into her post chaise next morning but why need we console ourselves with the of of or or of or the of we all know this magic very well or can divine it it not hurt weak eyes to look into beautiful eyes never so long women stand related to beautiful nature around us and the youth their form with moon and stars with woods and waters and the pomp of they heal us of i conduct op life awkwardness by words and looks we observe heir intellectual influence on the most serious student they and clear mind teach him to put a pleasing method into what is dry and difficult we talk to them and wish to be listened to we fear to fatigue them and acquire a facility of expression which passes from into of style that beauty is the normal state is shown by the perpetual effort of nature to attain it had an up ly face on a handsome ground and we see faces every day which have a good type but have been in the casting a proof that we are all entitled to beauty should have been beautiful if our ancestors had kept the laws as every lily and every rose is well but our bodies do not fit us but and us thus short legs which to short steps are a kind of personal insult and to the owner and long again put him at perpetual disadvantage and force to stoop to the general level of martial a gentleman of his day whose countenance resembled the face of a seen under water describes a so ugly and that a sight of him would the of the faces are rarely true to	37
in form speech and manners which is not of their person and family but of a humane catholic and spiritual character and we love them as the sky they have a of suggestion and their face and manners carry a certain grandeur like time and justice the feat of the imagination is in showing the of everything into every other thing facts which had never before left their common sense suddenly figure as mysteries my boots and chair and are in disguise and all the facts in nature are of the intellect and make the grammar of the eternal language every word has a double or use and meaning what has my stove and pot a false bottom i cry you mercy good shoe box i did not know you were a jewel case and dust begin to sparkle and are clothed about with immortality and there is a joy in perceiving the representative or character of a fact which no bare fact or event can ever give there are no days in life so memorable as those to some stroke of tlie imagination the poets are quite right in their with the spoils of the landscape flower gardens gems flush s of morning and stars of night since all beauty points at identity and whatsoever thing does not express to me the sea and sky day and night is somewhat forbidden and wrong into every beautiful object there enters somewhat and divine and just as much into form bounded by outlines like mountains on the horizon as into tones of music or depths of space light showed the secret architecture of bodies and when the second sight of the mind is now one color or form or gesture and now another has a as if a more interior ray had b en its deep in the frame of things the laws of this translation we do not know or why one feature or gesture why one word or syllable but the fact is familiar that the fine touch of the eye or a grace of manners or a phrase of poetry plants wings at our shoulders as if the divinity in his approaches lifts away mountains of and to draw a truer line the mind knows and owns this is that haughty force of beauty which the poets praise under calm and precise outline the and divine beauty hiding all wisdom and power in its calm sky all high beauty has a moral element in it and i find the antique as as and the beauty ever in proportion to the depth of conduct of life thought gross and obscure natures however decorated seem but character gives splendor to youth and awe to wrinkled skin and gray an of truth wc cannot choose but obey aud the woman who has shared with us the moral her locks must appear to us sublime thus there is a climbing scale of culture from the first agreeable which a sparkling or a scarlet stain affords the eye up through fair aud details of the landscape features of the human face and form signs aud tokens of thought aud character iu manners up to the mysteries of the intellect wherever we begin our steps tend an ascent from the joy of a horse in his up to the perception of that the globe on which we ride is only a larger apple falling from a larger tree up to the perception of that globe aud universe are rude and early expressions of an all unity the first stair on the scale to the temple of the mind ix illusions flow the waves hated adored the waves of no is sleep is not death is not who seem to die live house you were horn in friends of your spring time old man and young maid day s toil and its they are all vanishing to cannot he see the stars through them through ous know the stars yonder the stars everlasting are fugitive also and the heat lightning and fire fly s flight when thou dost return on the wave s circulation conduct of life the the wild and out of endeavor to and to flow the gas becomes solid and and return to be things and endless is law and the world then shalt know that in the wild turmoil on the thou to power and to illusions some years ago in company with an agreeable party i spent a long summer day in exploring the cave in we traversed through spacious galleries affording a solid foundation for the town and county overhead the six or eight black miles from the mouth of the to the recess which visit a or made of one and called i believe s bower i lost the light of one day i saw high and heard the voice of unseen three quarters of a mile in the deep echo river whose waters are peopled with the blind fish crossed the streams and plied with music and guns the echoes in these alarming galleries saw every form of and in the and fretted chambers orange flower grapes and we shot lights into the and of the and examined all the which the four combined water and time could make in the dark the mysteries and scenery of the cave had the same dignity that belongs to all natural objects and which conduct of life the fine to wliich we compare them remarked especially the habit with which nature on new instruments her old tunes making night to day and to vegetation but i then took notice and still chiefly remember that the best thing which the cave had to offer was an illusion on arriving at what is called the star chamber our lamps were taken from us by the guide and extinguished or put aside and on looking upwards saw or seemed to see the night heaven thick with stars	37
glimmering more or less brightly over our heads and even what seemed a flaming among them all the party were touched with astonishment and pleasure our musical friends sung with much feeling a pretty song the stars are in the quiet sky etc and i sat down on the rocky floor to enjoy the serene picture some crystal in the black ceiling high overhead reflecting the light of a half hid lamp yielded this magnificent effect i own i did not like the cave so well for out its with this theatrical trick but i have had many experiences like it before and since and we must be content to be pleased without too curiously the occasions our conversation with nature is not just what it seems the cloud rack the sunrise and sunset glories and northern lights are not quite so as our childhood thought them and the part our organization plays in them is too large the senses interfere everywhere and mix their own structure with all they report of once we fancied the earth a plane and stationary in admiring the sunset illusions we do not yet the co powers of the eye the same interference from our organization the most of our pleasure and pain our first mistake is the belief that the circumstance gives the joy which we give to the circumstance life is an ecstasy life is sweet as and the dripping all day over a cold pond the at the railway the in the field the negro in the rice swamp the in the street the hunter in the woods the with the jury the at the ball all a certain pleasure to their employment which they themselves give it health and appetite impart the sweetness to sugar bread and meat we fancy that our civilization has got on far but we still come back to our we live by our by our by our sentiments the child walks amid heaps of illusions which he does not like to have disturbed the boy how sweet to him is his fancy how dear the story of and battles what a hero he is whilst he on his heroes what a debt is his to imaginative books he has no better friend or influence than scott and the man lives to other objects but who dare affirm that they are more real even the prose of the streets is full of in the life of the fancy enters into all details and colors them with rosy hue he the air and actions of people whom he and is raised in his own eyes he pays a debt quicker to a rich man than to a poor man he wishes the bow and conduct op life of some leader in the state or in society wliat he says perhaps he never comes nearer to him for that but dies at last better contented for this amusement of his and his fancy the world rolls the din of life is never hushed in london in paris in boston in san the the is at its height nobody drops his the the of the piece it would be an impertinence to break the chapter of is very long great is paint nay god is tlie painter and we rightly accuse the critic who many illusions society does not love its it was if somewhat bitterly said by d un hat de un il les i find men victims of illusion in all parts of life children youths and old men all are led by one or another the goddess of illusion or or s mocking for the power has many names is stronger than the stronger than few have overheard the gods or surprised their secret life is a succession of lessons which must be lived to be understood all is and the to a riddle is another riddle there are as many pillows of illusion as in a snow storm we wake from one dream into another dream the toys to be sure are various and arc in refinement to the quality of the the intellectual man requires a fine bait the are easily amused but everybody is with his own frenzy and the at all hours with music and banner and illusions ml amid the troop who give in to the comes now and then a sad eyed boy whose eyes lack the requisite to clothe the show in due glory and who is afflicted with a tendency to trace home the glittering of fruits and flowers to one root science is a search after identity and the scientific whim is lurking in all corners at the state fair a friend of mine complained that all the varieties of fancy in our seem to have been selected by somebody who had a whim for a particular kind of and only cultivated such as had that perfume they were all alike and i remember the quarrel of another youth with the that when he his wit to choose the best in the shops in all the endless varieties of he could only find three or two what then and cakes are good for something and because you have an eye or nose too keen why need you spoil the comfort which the rest of us find in them i knew a who in a good deal of rattle had a grain or two of sense he shocked the company by maintaining that the attributes of god were two power and and that it was the duty of every pious man to keep up the comedy and i have known gentlemen of great stake in the community but whose sympathies were cold of and and who held themselves bound to sign every pledge and act with bible societies and and and cry a boy to every good dog we must not carry too far but we all have kind impulses in this direction	37
when the boys come into my yard for leave t conduct op life to gather horse i own i enter into nature s game and affect to grant the permission fearing that any moment they will find out the of that but this tenderness is quite unnecessary the are laid on very thick young life is with them and grim to tears is the lot of the children in the i saw yesterday yet not the less tliey hung it round with romance like the children of the happiest fortune and talked of the dear cottage where so many joyful hours had flown well this of is the custom of the country women more all are the element and kingdom of illusion being fascinated they tliey see through and how dare any one if he could pluck away the stage effects and ceremonies by which they live too pathetic too pitiable is the region of affection and its atmosphere always liable to we are not very much to blame for our bad marriages we live amid and this especial trap is laid to trip up our feet with and all are tripped up first or last but the mother who had been so sly m ith us as if she felt that she owed us some into the box of marriage some deep and serious benefits and some great joys we find a delight in the beauty and happiness of children that makes the heart too big for the body in the connections there is ever some mixture of true marriage and his get some just relations of mutual respect kindly observation and of illusions other learn something and would carry themselves if they were now to begin t is fine for us to point at one or another fine madman as if there were any the scholar in his library is none i who have all my life heard any number of and read poems and miscellaneous books conversed with many am still the victim of any new page and if or or or any other invent a new style or i fancy that the world will be all brave and right if dressed in these colors which i had not thought of then at once i will with this new paint but it will not stick t is like the which the at the door he makes broken hold with it but you can never buy of him a bit of the which will make it hold when he is gone men who make themselves felt in the world avail themselves of a certain fate in their constitution which they know how to use but they never deeply interest us unless they lift a corner of the curtain or betray never so slightly their penetration of what is behind it t is the charm of practical men that outside of their are a certain poetry and play as if they led the good horse power by the bridle and preferred to walk though they can ride so fiercely is intellectual as well as caesar and the best soldiers sea captains and railway men have a gentleness when off duty a good natured admission that there are illusions and who shall say that he is not their sport we the cast iron fellows who cannot so as ridden conduct of life der stricken and fools of fate with whatever powers endowed since our is through and t is well to know that there is method in it a fixed scale and rank above rank in the we begin low coarse and rise to the most subtle and beautiful the red men told they had an which took away fatigue but he found the illusion of arriving from the east at the indies more to his lofty spirit than any tobacco is not our faith in tlie of matter more than you play with jack balls horse and gun estates and politics but there are finer games before you is not time a pretty toy life will show you that are worth all your yonder mountain must into your mind the fine and in the year of and must come down and be dealt with in your household thought what if you shall come to discern that the play and of all this history are from yourself and that the sun his beams what terrible questions we are learning to ask tlie former men believed in magic by which temples cities and men were swallowed up and all trace of them gone we are coming on the secret of a magic which sweeps out of men s minds all of and which they and their fathers held and were framed upon there are of the senses of the passions and the beneficent illusions of sentiment and of the intellect there is the illusion of love illusions which attributes to the beloved person all which that person shares with his or her family sex age or condition nay with the human mind itself t is these which the lover loves and gets the credit of them as if one shut up always in a tower with one window wliich tlie face of heaven and earth could be seen should fancy that all the he beheld belonged to that window there is the illusion of time which is very deep who has disposed of it or come to the conviction that what seems the succession of thought is only distribution of into series the intellect sees that every carries the whole of nature that the mind opens to that in the endless striving and the is entire so that the soul doth not know itself in its own act when that act is there is illusion that shall deceive even the elect there is illusion that shall deceive even the of the miracle though he make his body he that he makes it though the world exist from thought thought is	37
river when we made the passage bound although yet we knew it not for the steamer jumped and the black were dancing in the the ocean df the breeze blew killing chill and although the upper sky was still with the sea were pouring in from over the hill tops of county in one great silver cloud south is typical of many towns it was a blunder the site has proved and although it is still such a young place by the scale of europe it has already begun to be deserted for its neighbor and north a long pier a number of drinking a hotel of a great size pools where the keep up their and even at high noon the entire absence of any human face or voice these are the marks of south df the yet there was a tall building beside the pier the star flour mills and sea going full ships lay close along shore waiting for their cargo soon these would be plunging round the horn soon the flour from the star flour mills would be landed on the of liverpool for that too is one of england s thither to this gaunt mill across the atlantic and pacific and round about the icy horn this crowd of great deep sea ships come bringing nothing and return with bread the house for that was the name of the hotel was a place of fallen fortunes like the town it was now given up to and partly at dinner there was the ordinary df the display of what is called in the west a two bit house the checked red and white the plague of flies the wire over the dishes the great variety and invariable of the food and the rough men devouring it in silence in our bedroom the stove would not burn though it would smoke and while one window would not open the other would not shut there was a view on a bit of empty road a few dark houses a donkey wandering with its shadow on a slope and a of sea with a tall ship lying in the moonlight all about that dreary inn sang their chorus early the next morning we mounted the hill along a wooden df the ing one spot after another here and there as we ascended we passed a house in white roses more of the bay became apparent and soon the blue peak of rose above the green level of the island opposite it told us we were still but a little way from the city of the golden gate already at that hour beginning to awake among the it called to us over the waters as with the voice of a bird its stately head blue as a on the paler of the sky spoke to us of wider and the bright pacific for stands like a over the golden gate between the bay and the open ocean and looks down indifferently on both even as df the we saw and hailed it from far out at sea were it with shaded eyes and as if to answer b the thought one of the great ships below began silently to clothe herself with white sails homeward bound for england for some way beyond the railway led us through bald green pastures on the west the rough of shut off the ocean in the midst in long straggling gleaming arms the bay died out among the grass there were few trees and few the sun shone wide over open the hills stood clear against the sky but by and by these hills began to draw nearer on either hand and first thicket and then wood began to clothe their sides and df i the we were away from all signs of the sea s neighborhood mounting an inland valley a great variety of oaks stood now now in a becoming grove among the fields and the towns were compact in about equal proportions of bright new wooden houses and great and growing forest trees and the chapel bell on the engine sounded most that sunny sunday as we drew up at one green town after another with the in their sunday s best to see the strangers with the sun sparkling on the clean houses and great of foliage humming overhead in the breeze this pleasant valley is at its north end by our mountain df the there at the railroad ceases and the traveller who farther to the or to the springs in lake county must cross the spurs of the mountain stage thus mount saint is not only a summit but a frontier and up to the time of writing it has stayed the progress of the iron horse df df in the valley df t in the valley it is difficult for a european to imagine the whole place is so new and of such an pattern the very name i hear was invented at a supper party by the man who found the springs the railroad and the highway come up the valley about parallel to one another the street of them perpendicular to both a wide street with bright clean low houses p i r the here and there a over the here and there a horse post here and there lounging other streets are marked out and most likely named for these towns in the new world begin with a firm resolve to grow larger washington and and then first and second and so forth being boldly out as soon as the community in a plan but in the meanwhile all the life and most of the houses of are concentrated upon that street between the railway station and the road i heard it called by any name but i will hazard a guess that it is either washington or here are the blacksmith s the s the general merchant s and sam	38
in often visited by fresh airs now from the mountain now across from the sea very quiet very idle very silent but for the breezes and the cattle bells and there was something satisfactory in the sight of that great mountain that enclosed us to the north whether it stood in sunshine to its with the heat and brightness of the day or whether it set itself to weaving after growing trembling flee ing and fading in the blue the tangled and almost df the foot hills that the valley shutting it off from on the west and from on the east rough as they were in outline dug out by winter streams crowned by and nodding pine trees were into by the bulk and bearing of mount saint she over them by two thirds of her own stature she them by the boldness of her her great bald summit clear of trees and pasture a of and rejected with the dark and shaggy wilderness of lesser hill tops df in the valley the forest we drove off from the springs hotel about three in the afternoon the sun me to the heart a broad cool wind streamed down the valley laden with perfume up at the top stood mount saint a bulk of mountain bare with tree spurs and warmth once we saw it framed in a grove of tall and exquisitely graceful white oaks in line and color a finished composition we passed a cow stretched by the roadside her bell slowly beating time to the movement of her jaws her df the big red face crawled over by half a dozen flies a monument of content a little farther and we struck to the left up a mountain road and for two hours one valley after another green tangled full of noble timber giving us every now and again a sight of mount saint and the blue distance and crossed by many streams through which we to the carriage step to the right or the left there was scarce any trace of man but the road we followed i think we passed but one s house in the whole distance and that was closed and but we had the society of these bright streams clear as is their wont from the wheels in diamonds and striking a lively cool df in the valley ness through the sunshine and what with the innumerable variety of the masses of foliage tossing in the breeze the glimpses of distance the into seemingly impenetrable the continual of the road which made haste to plunge again into the covert we had a fine sense of woods and spring time and the open air our driver gave me a lecture by the way on trees a thing i was much in need of having fallen among painters who know the name of nothing and who know the name of nothing in english he taught me the the the the he showed me the mountain he showed d i r the me where some young were already from the ruins of the old for in this district all had already perished and the two noblest living things alike condemned at length in a lonely we came on a huge wooden gate with a sign upon it like an inn the forest proprietor c ran the legend within on a of was the house of the proprietor and another smaller house hard by to serve as a museum where photographs and were it was a pure little isle of among these solitary hills the proprietor was a brave old he had wandered this df in the valley way heaven knows how and taken up his acres i forget how many years ago all alone bent double with and with six bits in his pocket and an axe upon his shoulder long useless years of had thus discharged him at the end and sick without doubt he had tried his luck at the and got no good from that without doubt he had loved the bottle and lived the life of jack ashore but at the end of these adventures here he came and the place his fancy down he sat to make a new life of it far from and the salt sea and the very sight of his had done him good it was the spot in the mountains isn t d i r tke it handsome now he said every penny he makes goes into that to make it then the climate with the sea breeze every afternoon in the summer weather had gradually cured the and his sister and niece were now with him for company or rather the niece came only once in the two days teaching music the meanwhile in the valley and then for a last piece of luck the spot in the mountains had produced a forest which mr now shows at the modest figure of half a dollar a head or two thirds of his capital when he first came there with an axe and a this favorite of fortune df in the valley a little i think as if in memory of the but with not a trace that i can remember of the sea thoroughly from head to foot proceeded to escort us up the hill behind his house who first found the forest asked my wife the first i was that man said he i was cleaning up the pasture for my beasts when i found this kicking a great seven feet in that lay there on its side hollow heart clinging of bark all changed into gray stone with veins of between what had been the of the wood were you surprised surprised no i what would i d i r tke be surprised about what did i know about following the sea there was no such word in my language	38
i knew about though i thought it was a stone so would you if you was cleaning up pasture and now he had a theory of his own which i did not quite grasp except that the trees had not there but he mentioned with evident pride that he differed from all the scientific people who had visited the spot and he flung about such words as and with careless freedom when i mentioned i was from scotland my old country he said my old country with a smiling df in the valley look and a tone o real affection in his voice i was surprised for he was obviously and begged him to explain it seemed he had learned his english and done nearly all his sailing in scotch ships out of said he or but that s all the same they all hail from and he was so pleased with me for being a and his adopted that he made me a present of a very beautiful piece of i believe the most beautiful and he had here was a man at least who was a a and an american acknowledging some kind to three lands mr s will not fail to come before d i r the the reader i have myself met and spoken with a german whose combination of abominable accents struck me dumb but indeed i think we all belong to many countries and perhaps this habit of much travel and the of scattered may prepare the of ancient nations and the forest itself well on a tangled for the pasture would bear a little further cleaning up to my eyes there lie scattered thickly various of trunk such as the one already mentioned it is very curious of course and ancient enough if that were all doubtless the heart of the beats quicker at the sight df in the valley but for my part i was unmoved sight seeing is the art of disappointment there s under heaven so blue that s fairly worth the travelling to but fortunately heaven rewards us with many agreeable prospects and adventures by the way and sometimes when we go out to see a forest a far more delightful curiosity in the form of mr whom may all prosperity attend throughout a long and green old age d i r the wine i was interested in wine indeed i am interested in all and have been all my life from the wine that a kept in his play box up to my last discovery those notable that once shone upon the board of caesar some of us kind old watch with dread the shadows falling on the age how the worm the sunny of france and is no more and the a mere is dead and i have never tasted df in the valley it a indeed from all life s sorrows lies by the river and in the place of these imperial beautiful to every sense flower scented dream behold upon the at the arranged behold the at raising hands in god and the in and the poured forth among the sea it is not pan only too is dead if wine is to withdraw its most poetic countenance the sun of the white dinner cloth a deity to be by two or three all fervent their talk tenderly and reminiscences for a bottle of good wine like a good act shines ever in the df the if wine is to desert us go thy ways old jack now we begin to have and look back at the brave bottles upon where the guests drank discussing politics the while and even the took his like water and at the same time we look timidly forward with a spark of hope to where the new lands already weary of producing gold begin to green with a nice point in human history falls to be decided by and wine in is still in the stage and when you taste a grave economical questions are involved the beginning of vine planting is like the beginning of for df in the valley the precious the wine also prospects one corner of land after another is tried with one kind of after another this is a failure that is better a third best so bit by bit they about for their and those and pockets of earth more precious than the precious tiiat yield fragrance and soft fire those virtuous where the soil has under sun and stars to something finer and the wine is poetry these still lie thicket them the the rock and farther and the undisturbed but there they bide their hour awaiting their and nature df the nurses and them the of earth shall linger on the of your meanwhile the wine is merely a good wine the best that i have tasted better than a and not unlike but the trade is poor it lives from hand to mouth putting its all into experiments and forced to sell its to find one properly and bearing its own name is to be fortune s favorite bearing its own name i say and dwell upon the you want to know why wine is not drunk in the states a san wine merchant said to me after he had shown me through his premises well here s the reason and opening a large cupboard fitted df in the valley with many little drawers he proceeded to shower me all over with a great variety of tinted blue red or yellow stamped with crown or net and from such a profusion of and that a single department could scarce have furnished forth the names but it was strange that all looked x said i i never heard of that i dare say not said he i had been reading one of x s novels they were all castles in spain but	38
pages back i wrote that a man belonged in these days to a variety of countries but the old land is still the true love the others are but pleasant scotland is it has no unity except upon the map two languages many innumerable forms of piety and countless local and prejudices part us among ourselves more widely than the extreme east and west of that great continent of america when i am at home i feel a man from to be something like a rival a d i r the man from to be more than half a foreigner yet let us meet m some far country and whether we hail from the of or the of mar some ready made affection us on the instant it is not race look at us one is one and another saxon it is not community of tongue we have it not among ourselves and we have it almost to perfection with english or irish or american it is no tie of faith for we each other s errors and yet somewhere deep down in the heart of each one of us something for the old land and the old kindly people of all mysteries of the human heart this is perhaps the most df in the valley able there is no special loveliness in that gray with its rainy sea beat its fields of dark mountains its places black with coal its sour looking corn lands its quaint gray city where the bells clash of a sunday and the wind and the salt showers fly and beat i do not even know if i desire to live there but let me hear in some far land a kindred voice sing out oh why left i my and it seems at once as if no beauty under the kind heavens and no society of the wise and good can repay me for my absence from my country and though i think i would rather die elsewhere yet in my heart of hearts i long to be buried df the among good i will say it fairly it grows on me with every year there are no stars so lovely as street lamps when i forget thee may my right hand forget its cunning the happiest lot on earth is to be born a you must pay for it in many ways as for all other advantages on earth you have to learn the and the shorter you generally take to drink your youth as far as i can find out is a time of louder war against society of more and tears and turmoil than if you had been born for instance in england but somehow life is warmer and closer the hearth more the lights of home shine df in the softer on the rainy street the very names in verse and music cling nearer round our hearts an englishman may meet an englishman to morrow upon and neither of them care but when the scotch wine told me of it was like magic from the dim on the misty island mountains divide us and a world of seas yet still our hearts are our hearts are and we in dreams behold the and and all our hearts are scotch only a few days after i had seen m a message reached me in my cottage it was a who had come down a long way from the hills to market he had heard there d i r the was a in and came round to the hotel to see him we said a few words to each other we had not much to say should never have seen each other had we stayed at home separated alike in space and in society and then we shook hands and he went his way again to his among the hills and that was all another there was a resident who for the mere love of the common country serious religious man drove me all about the valley and took as much interest in me as if i had been his son more perhaps for the son has faults too keenly felt while the abstract is perfect like a of df in the valley and there was yet another upon him i came suddenly as he was calmly entering my cottage his mind quite evidently bent on plunder a man of about fifty filthy ragged with a chimney pot hat and a tail coat and a of his mouth that might have been envied by an elder of the he had just such a face as i have seen a dozen times behind the plate sir cried where are you going he turned round without a quiver you re a sir he said gravely so am i i come from this is my card presenting me with a piece of which he had out of some in the period of the rains i was just ex df s the this palm he indicating the plant before our door which is the largest specimen i have yet observed in there were four or five larger within sight but where was the use of argument he produced a line made me help him to measure the tree at the level of the ground and entered the figures in a large and filthy pocket book all with the gravity of solomon he then thanked me remarking that such little services were due between countrymen shook hands with me for as he said and took himself solemnly away dirt and as he went a more impudent rascal i have never seen and had he been an american i df in ike valley should have raged but then he came from a month or two after this encounter of mine there came a to perhaps from anyway there never was any one more scotch in this wide world he could sing and dance and	38

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