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sgd1a | how the website Kickstarter works and how it helps people who want to use it. | ok, if someone has (what they think) is a good idea, but no money to fund creation or production of said idea. what they usually do is to find investors, people that will give you money to fund your project in return for a slice of your profits.
what kickstarter lets you do is to get funding directly from the people who want your service or product, before you've even made it.
so traditional method is investors money goes to creator, creator makes his product/service, customers pay for the product/service and the money goes to creator, then the investor gets a percentage of the customer's money.
kickstarter cuts out the investors, in the kickstarter model: customers pay for product/service and money goes to creator, creator makes product/service, the product/service is released to customers.
it works very nicely, because sometimes there is a product or service someone wants to make, but cant secure investors to fund it for him. kickstarter allows people to fund it directly if they think its a good idea, rather than it relying on the whims of investors | a63b25a7-4c99-49ef-b83c-cdd16b0eb45d |
2bef54 | If person A saves person B's life through CPR but person B's rib gets broken during chest compressions, why is person B able to sue person A? Why doesn't the judge through the case out of court? | Person B can sue, but the judge will always throw the case out. Except in rare circumstances where evidence proves beyond a reasonable doubt that there was gross negligence or malicious intent. Which, let's be honest, if someone wanted someone dead all they'd have to do is NOT perform cpr.
Source:EMT | 4ad66068-8750-42d1-94b0-84db0971374f |
4mkarh | How are professional rugby players able to tolerate such physical punishment seemingly with little injury where as soccer, basketball and protected American football players seem to have devastating injuries quite frequently? | As a rugby player I'll give my thoughts but they aren't science backed or anything. When you play rugby you learn how to take an impact without getting injured. You learn how to fall correctly and brace before you get hit. If you watch some "big hit compilations" on YouTube you will see that there is plenty of injuries, mostly stemming from the recipient of the tackle not being prepared to be tackled.
football is similar but i think the injuries occur because the pads allow you to lose some of the fear of being hit, or hitting someone, at high speed. So the collisions are at a higher speed. | 6ea60398-0237-4aa2-a729-33c47b6cf5b2 |
3xeva0 | Why do companies trap the back button? How can making it very difficult to get off a page be good for their site? | without running such a site, I assume that these overtly obtrusive sites are only in it to make a dime once. They dont expect you to return (atleast not intentionally) but they will get as many page loads as they can while you are there. | 94e5846b-bfa0-4efd-9d77-458ecd968280 |
48boxj | Why did Russia invade Ukraine? | Ukraine had a pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych who sparked massive protests when he turned down a deal that would have brought Ukraine closer to the EU in favor of closer ties with Russia.
After he fled the country, a new, more pro-Western government was elected that promptly signed that deal. Putin's regime, seeing Ukraine as a necessary buffer and viewing Ukraine not entering NATO and the EU as a vital national interest, launched a covert war of aggression in the East of the country (where there are lot's of Russian speakers and pro-Russian sentiment is higher) and engineering the annexation of Crimea. The goal was essentially to throw Ukraine into chaos and prevent it from being able to get its shit together and be able to join NATO or the EU. Putin has done this kind of thing in other places like Georgia and Moldova as well. | a3255796-ac66-4f50-b603-1cd7c321b619 |
30xdjd | How it is made that cars speedometer's arrow shows the car's speed at crash moment? | This isn't something speedometers do. Many cars now though do have black boxes that record the speed at moment of impact. It can do this because its a computer that records data as it happens and then can sense a crash via sensors. | 17fa7288-aa55-47da-8137-0cfed5c58e1c |
2qx80z | Our cell phones update our pictures and contacts to the cloud, why can't a planes black box do the same? | Because it lost contact. The point of the black box is to store information *after* the plane loses contact. All of the pertinent information prior to losing contact is already transmitted. | 5b2da57a-f2a2-4f13-9726-4db8f299e825 |
2aifu3 | Public vs. Private Citizenship in America | If you're talking about the sovereign citizen types, who claim that you aren't bound by tax or other laws, there **isn't** a way to do it, and trying it will get you fined or sent to jail when you break one of those laws they supposedly aren't bound by.
It's a scam, pure and simple. Up here in Canada, they call themselves 'freemen on the land', but the claims are pretty much the same as in the US, and they tie the courts up with ridiculous litigation and paperwork here too. A judge in Alberta actually used a decision a couple of years ago [to write a hugely detailed explanation](_URL_0_) of how they work, what their arguments are, etc, in an effort to educate other judges in Canada and the US in how to deal with these...er...odd people (I'm trying to be charitable here). Anyway, the takeaway is that they are scammers, and should be ignored. | dba13091-6bb4-4bed-972b-a47f5844e4ef |
3cf155 | Why do humans think other sentient beings would use radio signals to communicate with other intelligent life? | Most of scientists who are looking for other species, accept that other species might use other methods of communication but since WE don't have access to those methods, radio is our best option.
The scientists looking for radio waves aren't expecting all other life to use radio waves but they are hoping that if we stumbled upon radio as one of the best ways to transmit long distances, then it's logical to assume that someone else might have stumbled upon it as well.
Additionally radio is a relatively low tech solutions so they are also hoping that, even if this imaginary race moved beyond radio waves to something else, they might recognize that others haven't advanced that far and still use radio to send a message.
There's no denying that it could all be a waste of time though but until we are able to detect other signals that are capable of traveling hundreds of light years it's the best option we have to find other life. | 66d21e08-8f54-473d-8ba5-17efcb3fe72a |
37cldt | Why are so many people dying building in Qatar? | Largely because it is really really hot and while local regulations state that workers shouldn't work during the hottest hours of the day that has been forgotten regarding the workers from abroad. That combined with long hours and general hard labour is leading to lots of people dying of exhaustion. | ebd89728-e749-4a8f-8810-a22f0a3f31f5 |
6buawm | What happens to our social media accounts when we die? | I can't speak for the others, but Facebook actually has a feature where you can have your account 'memorialized' or permanently deactivated in the event of death. With a memorialized account you can link another account, friend, relative, whatever, and they're given some control of your account; they can't read your messages or delete anything you've already posted, but they can change your profile picture, respond to friend requests, and change your profile/cover photo. | 929c85e4-0034-4039-80ca-7f9ee5c1c78d |
1o1va0 | Why doesn't taxidermied animals rot like other dead animals? | A) Because the gut is removed, which contains the bacteria that cause the body to rot in the first place and B) because the skin is embalmed to prevent it from rotting. | 026d1be8-11ee-4ac4-a79d-9b470d8a084b |
6zgilp | The drug levothyroxine for Hypothyroidism. | Levothyroxine increases your overall metabolic rate and thus, helps your body manage fat better. It shouldn't have any effect on muscle gain, assuming you eat enough to ensure your body doesn't start metabolizing protein/muscle for energy. Having greater than normal amount of thyroxine in the body can have several bad effects:
1. Higher metabolic rate = faster rate of heart beating = bad for heart.
2. Possible, but rare, TSH/TRH resistance
Thyroxine is controlled by a beautiful cascade of hormones starting from the pituitary through the hypothalamus. Messing with that balance can cause TSH/TRF resistance to build up in the body, leading to a lot of trouble.
Stick to the dosage your doctor prescribed and have frequent follow-ups to ensure your dosage is the amount your body requires. | 1b48598d-33dc-4704-894f-13d0cec99b9f |
1owt2d | How do phones like the Nokia Lumia charge wirelessly? | This is called '[Inductive Charging](_URL_0_)'.
What happens is that the charging station uses electricity creates a vibrating magnetic field. In the phone (or other device), this vibrating magnetic field causes a electricity to flow within a coil. That electricity charges the batteries.
The principle is is to use some process which allows for electricity to be turned into another thing, and that thing is then turned back into electricity. In this case, that's a magnetic field. A vibrating magnetic field causes a electricity to flow within a coil of wire, just as a coil of wire causes a magnetic field when electricity flows through it.
These two coils combine to form a transformer. It's the same thing that exists on dozens of the large black plugs you plug into the wall to power all kinds of things (cordless phones, radios, etc). The only difference here is that instead of the transformer being contained in one plastic box, the two halves exist in different devices, but when brought close enough together, they can still function. | 73c36ef5-4932-41b4-bfd2-c224f4f439f7 |
4on9dg | Why aren't shampoos and soap used interchangeably, and how do those shampoo-body all-in-one soap work? | IIRC shampoos and soaps have different levels of hardness. You CAN use regular soap on your hair, but it'll treat your hair more harshly than shampoo. | d059083e-f558-443b-b740-291167f251f2 |
61og2g | Why aren't more electronics waterproof? | It is significant extra expense and engineering challenge for something most users don't need. Most of your life is in a dry environment, why spend a lot of work so you can dunk your laptop in the tub? | 914b12fc-474f-4cde-8b0b-5b7374bcbed4 |
7c7s9j | why is it more instinctual to hold our breaths while lifting something heavy, than it is to breath properly? | when lifting an heavy object, your body needs to become rigid enough to lift such object. So you start tensing your muscles to create a strong enough structure capable to lift.
Breathing involve the diaphragm to expand and retract the rib cage. in order to do so, the upper chest needs to be "soft" enough to allow the contraction and expansion. This goes against the "rigid" stance that is needed to lift the heavy object and this is why we stop breathing while lifting. | 266ad683-bbb4-4511-8a1f-c7d5c6ab0e92 |
2idzjz | What is a citizens arrest? | > Police Officer here. A citizen's arrest is when a misdemeanor, such as a battery, theft, or trespassing is not committed in an officer's presence, and the victim wishes to have the person arrested.
> Misdemeanors are classified as crimes that carry a penalty of 1 year in jail or less, theft, battery, trespassing. Felonies are crimes which carry a penalty of over 1 year in jail or prison, murder, rape, assault with a deadly weapon, and burglary to name a few. Officers can arrest on any felony at any time, and citizens, which I highly suggest against doing, can DETAIN/HOLD any person at any time for committing a felony until the police arrive.
> There are certain misdemeanor's that officers can arrest for at any time. These include: domestic violence, crimes committed by a juvenile, DUIs, hit and run accidents.
> The most common citizen arrests come from the guys working retail security and lost prevention. As soon as you shoplift something out of a store and they detain you, they are placing you under a citizen's arrest. The police will show up and complete the booking process for them.
> A typical scenario is you see someone steal your child's $200 bicycle off of your front yard. You chase them and tackle them to the ground. Since the officers weren't there and it is a misdemeanor crime not committed in their presence, you can either have the officers file a police report where a detective will follow up with you or, place the person under a citizen's arrest.
> Real world advice. Don't ever place anyone under a citizen's arrest no matter how much you hate them for what they have done. The city attorneys are notorious for dropping cases for lack of foundation and you are opening yourself up for a lawsuit by the person you placed a citizen's arrest on.
> Thank you to whoever gifted me Reddit Gold, I truly appreciate it.
_URL_0_ | c62b45ce-08fb-4d53-98e4-ec275cbd6b21 |
2l5q0n | How can animals tell the difference between play and attacking? | I work at a dog daycare facility and a huge part of my job is breaking up play when it starts to border on fighting. Essentially it comes down to the energy or intensity level. Each animal has a level of intensity or roughhousing that they are comfortable with/ naturally bring to the table when they start to play. A lot of times you will have one (usually younger) more energetic dog and a less energetic dog. They start off playing and everything goes well but then the puppy (having boundless energy and no sense of when "enough is enough") gets more and more aggressive until the other dog becomes overwhelmed, or is in pain. Then the body language and energy changes instantly and either the overzealous offender backs off or teeth and claws come into play.
Basically that threshold is different for every animal and every animal will get along with some playmates and not with others. This seems to be true cross-species as well. One of my horses loves to hang around the dogs around while my more shy horse is bloody terrified of them and will kick at them if they approach her.
The way that this difference between "we're playing" and "shit's about to go down" is typically decided is via the body language, vocalizations and energy (i.e. emotional intensity and focus) of the animals. Now before you call me out for saying that animals respond to "energy", bear in mind that body language is the primary means of communication for most non-verbal creatures, and so it stands to reason that they are VERY keenly tuned into it. This means that while a human may only be able to see obvious signs like bared teeth, animals are used to paying attention to much subtler changes like where the eyes of the other animal are, how their breathing changes, which muscles they're tensing, what they are focusing on, etc. People can learn to tune into this too and in fact that's how most "horse whisperers" or "dog whisperers" get their edge. | 12981ba1-7896-423a-a240-13f9aa348c13 |
1upzg9 | Why does it seem like all of Africa is politically unstable? | Many African countries are quite stable, but there are a lot of African countries so the number of unstable ones in Africa can seem high.
Much of Africa was also under colonial rule at some point until this century; as a result their borders got drawn somewhat arbitrarily, artificially dividing and grouping cultures and religions, and they had to create new governments after the colonial rulers pulled out. All that combined means that, in some sense, Africa today is politically in the spot where Europe was a few hundred years ago. | 36e5db18-9a2e-4dec-81a9-0816217018e0 |
34wm3n | What happens--physiologically-speaking--when someone returning to riding a bicycle builds up immunity(?) to being saddle-sore? | A few things. Just like you form calluses on your toes, heals, hands, etc. Your tissue also toughens in response to the added stress targeted in that area. Your sensory also becomes a bit dulled as use goes on just like you get used to wearing glasses for example. | d4da47d5-91d3-416a-8ac8-c5d07f9804d8 |
4aeqkc | Facebook application request limit reached | Welp, i was just directed here after a search, glad to know, this is more of a widespread issue. Hoping it'll get fixed | 3a26df38-98e7-4001-88ea-af65dea1df01 |
4ysj5d | Why does a broken mirror show many tiny images instead of one image with lots of cracks? | The glass is all pointing in slightly different directions, and so the light reflected off of each little surface is coming from a different place before being reflected to your eye. | f7b0487b-e6b0-4cba-92a7-6fdb4fe0f79c |
584zq7 | What would happen if a nuke were to explode in space (not low atmosphere)? | Let's assume we're dealing with an early Cold War ICBM for our nuke. The explosion would go off just fine. It wouldn't resemble a mushroom cloud, though. That has to do with gravity and air currents. It would look relatively spherical. Anything in the immediate blast radius would be damaged quite a bit, less than you might expect on earth, though. Especially at greater (more than the fireball) range. This is because there isn't a shockwave of air to damage things. If there was nothing nearby the radiation would be the other issue but that's less than you might imagine. There's EM radiation like X Rays and Gamma Rays and also the less harmful varieties like visible light. These will be less damaging with distance, however. There's also alpha and beta decay, that's a shower of helium nuclei, electrons and neutrinos. Imagine the helium nuclei like little bits of sand, they can run into things and even penetrate surfaces that seem solid but they can't do that much damage at this scale. The electrons are the EMP (all nuclear weapons are EMP) and would probably be the only thing to worry about after a few miles. As you mentioned a detonation directly outside our atmosphere would cause a northern lights style aurora and possibly mess with ground electronics. Of course this diminishes with distance. The neutrinos are too small and inert to really affect anything. Space ships have to have radiation shielding, there's a lot of all these kinds of radiation in space, so outside of immediate blast area it should be fine. A higher yield weapon like a modern nuke or EMP could make the safe distance potentially hundreds of times further but with an old one you could probably watch from a few miles away. From thousands of miles away you would be just fine. The radiation spreads out in a sphere so every passing mile it gets more and more sparse. | 8fffae20-e90d-416b-9a9d-75cde78e9c89 |
1ddbss | Why do clouds turn black when they are about rain? | Because they are holding a lot of water, so light can't get through them as easily. | 9f7dc0aa-9aaa-4642-b055-1692c95baaf5 |
1jxlya | The Abramovic Method. (Specifically, as used in the new Lady Gaga Video) | It's Performance Art.
It doesn't sound like there's anything even *remotely* scientific about it; rather just her personal views on how to be 'more aware of your surroundings'. | a301e8ee-75c4-4e31-8a4a-0562e648118f |
1icl78 | How does VOR aircraft navigation work? | Oh dear, I'm being summoned now! Thanks, doc_daneeka!
But yes, this question is right up my street. Although I'm not clear on whether you're interested in the electrical workings of the VOR, or how the pilot actually uses it, so here's a bit of information on both, and you can ask for more detail if you need it.
A VOR is a VHF radio transmitter. It transmits two different signals. The reference signal is sent out in all directions. The variable signal is directional, and is transmitted by a lighthouse-like rotating transmitter (older VORs used to physically rotate, but modern ones do this function electronically, and don't have any moving parts).
The interference pattern between the two signals varies, depending on which direction you are from the VOR (and therefore what part of the repeating pattern of the reference signal is interfered with by the variable signal).
On the aircraft, this is decoded to work out the position of the aircraft.
There are at least three different ways of displaying this information to the pilot.
The [Omni Bearing Selector, or OBS](_URL_0_) allows the pilot to select which track he'd like to follow, either to or from the VOR, by rotating an outer ring. It shows a fly-left or a fly-right indication to the pilot, depending whether he is right or left of track. It has no knowledge of which way the aircraft is pointing, though, and the fly-left or fly-right indications are only intuitive if you're pointing the aircraft the correct way to start with.
The [Horizontal Situation Indicator, or HSI](_URL_1_) is similar to a direction indicator... but it incorporates a Course Deviation Indicator, a rotatable course arrow that shows the same indication as the OBS. Because this is built in to the HSI, and it rotates according to the aircraft's heading, it shows logically correct information regardless of which way the aircraft is pointing. Modern aircraft that have "glass cockpits" (all the instruments are displayed on a computer screen) will normally have a computer-generated version of this.
And finally, VOR information can be presented on a Remote Magnetic Indicator, or RMI - a direction indicator with an arrow which simply points to the VOR station. This requires much more practice to use correctly, but once it's mastered it's a very powerful tool since it gives useful information even when considerably off track.
(I'm aware I've used a little bit of jargon in here, because I'm guessing you know a little about flight instruments if you're asking the question. But I can explain any jargon that's not clear if you need me to - just ask.) | e9d5db7e-4a7e-4c1c-b977-f2d3bc38170c |
8t4soy | Why Do Cars "Squat" | Because by applying torque to the drive shaft, differential, and then the rear wheels. There is a secondary reaction in the car's rear springs. They are "winding up", or "loading up". So for example, if you had stiffer competition springs, you'd notice less squat. On a front wheel drive car, this whole scenario takes place with the front wheels. The car lifts up in front.
You may be experiencing more squat as your shocks get older. Shocks fight compression of the rear springs. Weaker shocks let the springs compress more. | 57b05060-e1e0-43b5-9ce7-50a77ac9d0d7 |
45wwvr | How do those gel heatpack work? | They use a compound called sodium acetate - also sometimes known as 'hot ice'.
It is a material that can easily be supercooled - taken well below it's melting point without solidifying again. When you click the disc on the handwarmer, this starts the gel crystallising/solidifying. At temperatures colder than 50-somethingºC it wants to be solid. As the bonds break and form to move from liquid to solid, they give off an excess of energy as heat (an exothermic process).
When you boil the gel pack in water, the heat takes it back past its melting point to turn it from crystal back to liquid and the heat from the boiling is what provides that energy (endothermic process). | 060515ca-9932-4b6e-a894-280c2074a2e8 |
6r9pzp | How solar panels work | 2 layers of silicon crystals are laid on top of each other. One layer likes having extra electrons, the other layer likes giving up electrons. The sun's energy bounces electrons all over but in general they move towards the top layer causing a negative charge to build up and since it took those from the bottom, the bottom is positively charged. At that point its like a weak battery and just needs some metal leads to go to a motor our light or DC to AC inverter. | 2e99a534-0d00-4272-8575-ea04206c80c0 |
2u89ob | Why can't I start my own nation? | It becomes recognized whenever other countries recognize it. That's not a satisfying answer, but it's the truth. Just ask Palestine.
There are only two things stopping you from finding an island and starting the People's Democratic Free Opensource Republic of Doge: (1) finding an unclaimed island or (2) convincing a country to relinquish its claim on an island/convincing other countries to recognize your claim as superior to the existing country's claim. If you can get over either of those two things, please let me know and I will be your first Vice Dictator.
You may want to check out seasteading if this interests you. The idea there is to build an island-ship you can float out to international waters and then declare it as your own country. Defense against other countries and bandits is an issue, but people have put a lot of thought into it. | 98e99442-26c1-4597-afba-2541de9ed76a |
3l9lt1 | Why is such an emphasis placed on only a couple states during the U.S. presidential elections? | The "swing states".
Most states are typically majority conservative or liberal. It's a waste of resources to go campaigning there. The majority party wins all of the electoral votes.
But certain states are very close to 50/50 splits. These ones are worth a focus because a few points swing in voting makes a huge difference.
(It's time to discard the electoral college and restore a popular vote, that's a discussion for another time) | e396d31b-7ff8-40f0-80ec-737fc9200afc |
8yki3e | What is chloride in a hydration IV and why do you need it to be hydrated instead of just water, sodium, potassium, etc? | Simple answer is to maintain your blood's PH and isotonic balances. IV fluids are usually sodium chloride solution, .9 & #37;, which is the level that you would find in human blood.
WIthout the right balance, water would be an irritant and change the electrolyte levels in your body, causing potential problems with electrical transmissions in the brain and CNS. Similar for sodium, potassium, etc., all of which are toxic metals on their own. It's not until they bond with other atoms to form compounds (such as salt) that they lose most of their toxic effects on humans.
You can easily see the difference on the human body between a proper saline level and plain water. Get a neti pot, fill one with warm saline, and run it through your sinuses. No problem, right?
Now, repeat it with plain, warm water. Once your nose has stopped burning, you'll realize the difference a proper isotonic balance has on the human body. | 1c4f5f7d-b7a9-4068-b0f9-91ea0c552012 |
6hy6t7 | Why is it that we can consume substantially more liquid by weight than we can food? | Liquid is absorbed faster. Water fastest of all as it needs 0 digestion. Solid foods start chemical reactions and your body notices it and has to work before it can be advanced to the intestines. | f82ebc90-26a3-49d2-8f72-587e7198664b |
4n1dj9 | How did US voters figure out which presidential candidate was the best in the early days of America? | Mostly, they didn't, that's why the electoral college is a thing. In Theory, you'd vote for the most intelligent/well informed guy from your county, and then he would go vote for the candidate he thought was best. In practice, you voted for the delegate from your political party, and he would vote for whomever the party told him to. | c4825f49-1d57-4fea-bc90-fc1d1dbfa801 |
266k8e | time dilation with an increase in speed | What you're asking about has to do with Einstein's Relativity, so here's the short explanation.
Einstein's theory of relativity states that time and velocity are relative to an observers point of view, or reference frame. His special theory is called such because it deals only with inertia reference frames which are reference frames that have no acceleration or change in gravitational potential. His general theory takes into account acceleration and gravity.
Special relativity is fairly easy to understand as the highest level math you need is Pythagoras's theorem. General relativity is a lot more complex math and not ELIF friendly.
Special relativity has two postulates, that the speed of light is constant and that the laws of physics don't change between reference frames. Both of these have been proven true. Using this, Einstein showed that moving observers actually have their time dilation and their length in the direction of motion contracted.
So lets talk about time dilation first. Imagine a clock that works by bouncing a photon between two mirrors. We the know the speed of light and we can measure the distance between the mirrors, this means the time it takes for the photon to bounce is easily calculated. Now what if we have that clock moving at a constant speed? Well the path we see the light take is not longer straight up and down, it's [slanted](_URL_3_). Since the light takes a longer path and the speed of the light is unchanged, this means that it takes a longer amount of time to bounce between the two mirrors. Viola, moving objects experience slower time. An important thing to note, because every observe is stationary in their own reference frame, every observer will see everything else as being dilated instead of themselves.
So if you're moving, you only experience slower time from someone else's point of view. However, you also see them as experiencing slower time, because to you they appear to be moving.
Now lets move on to length contraction. This one is a tricky one to explain. It relies on how length is measured correctly. Basically, in order to correctly measure the length of an object, you have to know the position of both its ends at the same time. This isn't too hard to do, but if an observer moving past you saw you do this they would think you messed up. Imagine you have a rod, and you have two friends at either end. You walk to a point equidistant to them and tell them to record their position at the moment they see you flash a light. Since you're equidistant, the light will reach them at the same time. However, to the moving observer the light won't reach your friends at the same time. They won't be synchronized and they'll see you as getting an incorrect measurement.
This leads to one of the last consequences of special relativity, the simultaneity of relativity. Because moving observers disagree on the timing and lengths of things, no two clocks can be synchronized in different reference frames.
[Minute Physics](_URL_0_) gives a **very** basic overview.
[Doc Physics](_URL_2_) gives a lengthy intro to SR.
[Sixty Symbols](_URL_1_) on length contraction. | e89ee196-d4fb-481c-8eef-5a51d8c3d7d2 |
2oq7l0 | What happens when you "keep forgetting that guy's name" ? | You keep forgetting his name. That's it that's what happens. | 6dcebba2-90e1-4792-b0b7-66326ab6a46e |
5r7nlz | What is going on with the top post on /r/wallstreetbets? What will the stream be about? | There are two (main) ways to invest in stocks and shares - normally you buy them, and if the company makes a profit they give you a dividend, and you can sell the share if the compnay value goes up.
You can also 'short' a stock - that is bet that a share's value will go down. You do this by borrowing some shares, selling them, and promising to buy some back for the person you borrowed them from. If the company value goes down, you buy the shares back cheaper than you sold them and make a profit. If the company value increases, you lose money. It's possible to lose a lot more money than you intend.
There are more complex scenarios where you're simply betting on what the market will do (futures, derivatives, binary options, forex, etc). These are straightforward gambling.
The post in question is someone who has shorted Apple stock, hoping their stock price will crash today. If their stock price does crash, the person will become very rich, if not, they'll lose money. If they get lucky they'll chalk it all up to skill, of they get unlucky they'll chalk it up to bad luck and irrational markets. | be6e7547-3862-4c9c-b261-13e805ae9ddd |
1yc4pn | if the cabin of a commercial airplane is pressurized why do I have to "pop" my ears while ascending and descending | Because the cabin is not pressurised to the equivalent of surface level. It is pressurised (in most cases) to the equivalent of around 8000' - significantly different pressure to the surface, but not so low as to be dangerous. As you climb or descend, the pressure inside the cabin gradually changes between surface pressure and 8000'. | 00187518-3e15-49f6-8b82-f40f1f9cfaac |
2q1so4 | How do movies & music albums get leaked? | Many times it is leaked by either a store who sells the CD's or by early reviewers. The stores will always receive their copies before the release date so at any point it's in the inventory, it's subject to leaking. | a34cbccc-b6e3-4c8c-8c65-926a7e9a5d2f |
6znapa | Is face blindness restricted to humans or is this something that's been observed in other species? Is it understood what causes it? | Not many animals rely primarily on sight to recognize others, and fewer still rely primarily on facial features.
I would imagine if it happens in animals, it is pretty uncommon and restricted to our closest animal relatives. | 19f4118d-2dd5-4b60-bd7b-14dab3c17ad9 |
1nxi1m | The process of dry cleaning. | Check out the (wikipedia article) [_URL_0_] if you want to know more specifics but here is a TL;DR for the lazy.
The process is basically the same, the only difference is dry cleaning doesn’t use soap and water as the medium for dissolving dirt. It instead uses another liquid that is equally as adept as dissolving oil and dirt. Usually a non-polar carbon based liquid. This is because some fabrics tend to break down in the presence of water so using that is a bad idea. Other than that the process is the same as the washing machine in your house or local Laundromat. | 00783956-4af2-440d-b50f-ef4edf19c7ee |
2v22tg | How do digital cameras know when an object is in focus? | You can tell if an image is in focus by looking for sharp edges. Out of focus objects that look blurry will not have sharp edges.
The camera looks for sharp edges by scanning through the photo pixels and comparing each pixel to its neighbours. If a pixel is very different to its neighbours it is an 'edge'.
The auto-focus will cycle through the different focus settings by moving the lens in and out and select the setting that produces the most number of edges. | 1363c32c-cb71-4623-86ac-8f5970e24d43 |
5qfn6w | The origin of "your mom" jokes. | according to recent archaeological finds, it seems to be from ancient Babylonian philosophy or writing students, about 3500 years ago. a tablet had a list of riddles, most condescending or conceptually funny at the time, such as:
The deflowered girl did not become pregnant. The undeflowered girl became pregnant. What is it?
Auxiliary forces.
translating to:
the non-virgin did not become pregnant, but the virgin did. what is it?
special forces.
(most likely referencing the virgin's lack of honesty and possibly applauding the suitor's bravery and tact in keeping it so secret)
{lost piece of tablet}...of your mother is by the one who has intercourse with her. What/who is it?
[No answer]
"{something something} is from someone willing to bed your mother. what is it?"
"..."
this is perhaps the strongest wit among them, because it's a meta-joke. every one has an answer, except the last. The lack of an answer, after reading the rest, is striking.
this could also mean it's the longest running memetic, or "meme", ever. | 0e192e9d-83cf-488b-aaaf-c1789669d6ec |
91c5yo | If salt water is left alone does it separate into Na+ and Cl- ions? | Yes they do. Most salts, including NaCl, naturally dissociate into cations and anions in water.
Looks like this: _URL_0_ | 7bc540bd-390b-481b-b6e6-2597e6cc3faf |
3nc5af | What's so hard about taking CO2 out of the air and putting it in the ground? | You know how you get energy when you burn carbon? Well, if you want to split CO2 into carbon and oxygen, you have to put that energy back. Plants get this energy from the Sun. [Methods for replicating this process artificially](_URL_0_) are still an active area of research, not economical for widespread use yet. | a7f8e157-3c9c-4aaf-8a3e-5774070e9156 |
4l8a78 | Why does every RV/Winnebago you see seem to be made by a different company? Is there like no consolidation in that sector? | What you're seeing on the side of the RV is the "brand" not the manufacturer. There are probably 20-ish big manufacturers that make 80% of the brands you see on the road.
Each manufacturer usually specializes in a particular "class" of RV, for instance Fleetwood makes almost exclusively Class A motor homes while Skyline makes Travel Trailers almost exclusively. Some make a bunch, though... Forest River RV makes just about everything.
Those three manufacturers sell over 35 brands of RV.
There has been some consolidation recently but the companies are usually small, niche, regional producers and most do custom builds. | a8740b99-775d-4467-92a6-85bd1de18ea3 |
3ickpo | Why do some vegetarians eat fish? | They're not vegetarians, but because the term "pescatarian" isn't familiar to most people, they find it easier to describe themselves as vegetarians who eat fish.
The obvious followup question is why do they eat fish if they're against eating animals. Part of the answer is that some vegetarians aren't against eating animals, but are vegetarians because they think it's healthier, and they think that fish can be included in their diet and still be a healthy diet, according to their priorities and beliefs about healthy eating.
Others do it as a way to transition from a fully omnivorous diet to vegetarianism.
Finally, there are those who simply don't believe that the standards they have for ethical treatment of livestock and poultry simply don't apply to fish. | cd80399f-8271-4117-afe0-d50b8e54b864 |
5stzu1 | When burning a CD, does a 4x vs a 1x write speed change the quality of the end product? Is there anything different about a 4x vs any other speed other than, speed? | I always thought this harkened back to the old days of CD burning, where buffer underruns occurred frequently. A buffer was created for the data being burned, and if the buffer emptied before the burning process is complete, it would fail.
Burning at a slower speed (1x) meant you didn't empty the buffer and cause problems. However if your PC could handle it, you could attempt to burn at faster speeds (4x). | a7b64e22-2682-4169-a021-87194aed3cbf |
1rcxew | How do copyright laws work? How heavily are they enforced? | Copyright law is the idea that when people make creative content, they and they alone can decide who profits from it for a limited time. Generally, this means that if you want to use content from something with copyright, ask first or be prepared for a lawsuit. However, there is something called Fair Use in the United States, which says you can use copyrighted content if, according to the US Copyright Office, “quotation of excerpts in a review or criticism for purposes of illustration or comment; quotation of short passages in a scholarly or technical work, for illustration or clarification of the author’s observations; use in a parody of some of the content of the work parodied; summary of an address or article, with brief quotations, in a news report; reproduction by a library of a portion of a work to replace part of a damaged copy; reproduction by a teacher or student of a small part of a work to illustrate a lesson; reproduction of a work in legislative or judicial proceedings or reports; incidental and fortuitous reproduction, in a newsreel or broadcast, of a work located in the scene of an event being reported.”
For more information, CGP Grey made a fantastic video explaining this, and it includes his case for why it should be shorter: _URL_1_
US Copyright Office: _URL_0_ | 6a7daa1e-7980-45b3-ab56-68d58ade46f4 |
7527gg | Is there a reason we ejaculate in spurts rather than a continuous stream like peeing? | So imagine you have a turkey baster. You have a certain amount of fluid in there that you want to get out. If you squeeze it gently, you'll get a dribbling stream. It doesn't go very far and a bunch is still left inside.
Now take that same turkey baster, and squeeze it hard. The fluid shoots out and goes further, right? But now you still have liquid left inside, so squeeze again. Keep on doing this till all the liquid is out. In the end, most of the liquid ends up further away from the tip. If you really want to make sure everything is out, squeeze it a bunch more times. Those are the dry contractions at the end of orgasm.
The volume of urine is a lot bigger than the volume of ejaculate. So the urinary bladder contracts to squeeze out the urine, like squeezing a water balloon before you tie it closed. That's why urine comes out in a stream, unless you're an unlucky sod who has prostate problems.. You have a lot less ejaculate than you do urine. | e72cdef9-c6a1-49a2-86a0-d7f6d6b1bf3b |
1xzq52 | When does a date become a girl/boyfriend? | Probably when the individuals involved start calling each other boyfriend/girlfriend. I don't think there's a solid definition beyond that. | 885e3316-0062-4b46-9008-6e3b55b938e2 |
12kn04 | Why do people have different kinds of laughter? | Lots of factors. Some of them are physical - people have different pitched voices, different body sizes and differently-shaped insides, and that changes the way anything that comes out of their mouths sounds. And some of it is psychological. Some people, perhaps through shyness or social convention or just a habit of keeping their mouth tightly shut, actually stifle the laugh so it comes out as a snort or a pffffft sound. Someone else might be a big brash extrovert and let out big belly laughs. A lot of people will also have a fake laugh when they feel they ought to laugh at something out of politeness, and that probably just sounds like whatever their idea of a normal laugh is. | 8e77fa06-d736-432d-b836-b2de8b4f1f17 |
3l5jko | Why do things bounce instead of stopping? | Atoms and molecules like each other only so much.
Depending on the composition of the material they're forming, when they're placed under pressure they can do a number of things. Some materials crack and fracture. Others squeeze and compress. Some of the latter stay squeezed when you stop as long as there's some room for them to deform, but other materials really want to get back to their original shape immediately once the pressure stops.
Dropping something places pressure on it from the ground when it hits. Drop a hollow glass ball, you get the cracking. Drop a ball of clay, you get the squish and the deform, and it stays in the new "I now have a flat side" shape. But drop a steel or a rubber ball, and if it lands on something hard, it gets compressed up as it continues to press downward against the surface, storing up the energy as compression (kind of like pushing the same poles of two magnets together) until the ball "bottoms out". Then it releases it, and in the same way the magnets repel each other when you let one go, that release pushes HARD against the floor as the ball badly wants to return to its original shape. So it bounces.
Even steel balls compress a little bit when this happens, although it's really hard to measure because the compression is so slight. | a3e28e58-4725-4271-baec-0ea179c8c743 |
5kfs36 | Lysenko's approach to agriculture, Lysenkoism | Lysenkoism is the byword for bringing politics into science. Marxism-Leninism claims that any competition between individuals is a result of an unjust society with private property. If you allow a revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie, and build a society of advanced socialism, you will produce the utopia of communism, a stateless society of equals where there is no shortage of collectively owned resources.
Trofim Lysenko decided to bring politics into biology by rejecting Darwinism in favour of Lamarckian evolution, which assumes that organisms inherit acquired deliberately acquired charecteristics and not natural selection; he slapped Darwinism with the label of being "burgeous science", used to justify an unfair society, similar to how the Nazis branded Einstein's theories as filthy Jew-pseudoscience unworthy of attention. That labelling persisted for quite a while: the Soviet Union considered genetics and cybernetics prohibited sciences for decades, and very nearly banned nuclear physics.
So, what did Lysenko propose? He claimed that by planting crops extremely close to each other, he was going to make them express "natural cooperation" (as opposed to Darwin's politically incorrect "natural competition"), *make the crops adopt Marxism-Leninism*, distributing sunlight, water and nutrients equally and hence more efficiency, and transmute between species as necessary to maximize yields. Yes, this is patently retarded, and only magnified the famine resulting from forced collectivization of farmers.
However, Lysenko crawled into the public sphere in the late 1920s, just as Iosif Stalin consolidated his power. The height of Lysenko's campaigns coincided with the Great Purges. So, it was pretty simple: by bringing politics into science, he made disagreement with his theories equal to disagreement with Marxism-Leninism. And those who disagree with Marxism-Leninism are Enemies of the People. At best, his critics became permanently unemployable; at worst, it's Article 58, the guy gets a quick shot to the back of the head, the wife gets ten years of gulags (because there is such a crime as "Wife of an Enemy of the People"), and the children get dumped into a prison-type orphanage and told that they are absolute scumbags for having such disgusting, inhuman parents. | 2f91234a-37aa-4fa1-a077-0b240f70fe00 |
2p9cwr | Hate against Jewish people? | Weird thing is most of it started because of money. You see, all three religions (Catholics, Jews and Islam) are strictly against interests on loans. Because they consider it unethical, making money with money. In their view only hard labour is allowed to make money. Now, the Islam is pretty strict about it, in that interests on loans are not allowed, period. Jews and Christians are more loose: its not allowed to ask interests from other Christians/Jews, but you can charge people from other religions than your own all you want.
Which led to a lot of Jew becoming rich bankers, giving out loans to Christians with interest (because Christians couldnt loan from other Christians). Thing is, lots of Christians owed money to the Jewish banker. You dont like someone you owe money. And whats an easy way to get free from a debt? Burn down the house of the banker you owe money. This is mainly how pogroms against Jews started: lots of people who owed them money, chases them away from the town and poof: no more debt.
This is one of the reasons people didnt like Jews, but theres others which have similar reasons.
For example: when the black plague killed thousands of people, lots of Jews were spared. Because Jews were a lot more concerned about hygiene because their religion told them to be. But your average medieval peasant thought that because the Jews were spared of the plague , they must be the ones behind it all!
In short: every time someone needed someone to take the blame for something, they blamed it on the Jews. | 8ee99675-89d2-4ef4-a522-464f417c6d9e |
8y6yyx | In extremely obese (~1,000lbs) individuals, why does fat tend to collect in uneven pockets, particularly favoring one area or another, instead of being more evenly distributed throughout the body? | It may be because there hasn't really been any natural selection or sexual selection among humans regarding fat distribution. Being able to become obese at all has historically been rare enough that humans haven't evolved to favour fat being distributed symmetrically or evenly, so fat distribution is still very varied from person to person. | 6cf879cb-4b53-4196-bc20-7c583ecee4cd |
5r8hiy | How Does an Oven Cook Food Enough to Eat if It's Off for 2 Hours? | Beef is a relatively "clean" meat. Because it's so dense, all the nasties tend to live in the outer layer, which of course cooks first. And an oven heated to 350 will maintain a good temp for quite some time so... It's a combination. I certainly wouldn't do the same thing with chicken or pork because they both need to be cooked thoroughly all the way through to be safe. | 49badc02-5a2b-47c8-a432-18a669eb8686 |
3768c6 | Why don't you feel the same way listening to a song like you do the first time after you've listened to it too many times? | Just natural human reward center mechanics. Think about it like this. If I gave you a million dollars tomorrow you would feel great. Possibly the greatest day of your life. If I came back a week later with another million that would feel great too. But what if I came back the next week? And the next week. And the next week. And the next week. And the next week. And the next week. And the next week.
After a while you wouldn't have any positive emotional response. On a long enough time line you would get sick of seeing me and probably slam the door in my face.
Imagine the best meal you ever had. Now imagine only eating that 3 meals a day for the rest of your life. How long would it take for you to absolutely hate that meal?
Now apply that to your song or anything else. | 05dba66b-7ae9-4051-b73d-0f7d76a5ec87 |
3ai8dg | what Flat Earth Theory is, and why believers are called crazy | It's pretty self explanatory. Flat-Earthers believe that the earth is flat, that if you start walking in any direction, you will eventually fall off the edge. It's crazy because the evidence to the contrary is so convincing that no scientist has seriously considered it for over 2500 years. | 97f565ee-600e-483c-8660-10a8ae3aa2d7 |
71oz34 | Why poison frogs don't poison themselves | Time for a little cellular biology.
So quick rule of thumb, a lot of what makes up biology is the shape of molecules. The reason why certain things act a certain way in biology is usually because a particular molecule is shaped in a useful way.
So toxins have their own shape. Likewise, the proteins they affect have their own shape. The only way a toxin can affect a protein is if the shape of the toxin is the right one to not only connect with it but also change the shape of the protein in the right way to mess with it.
Think of it like puzzle pieces, except that once the puzzle piece connects, one of them suddenly changes shape. The changed shape now messes with the other puzzle pieces that originally could fit.
For a frog to be immune to its own toxins then, all it needs to do is to both store the toxins somewhere where it cannot affect the proteins it affects, or else it can have unique proteins the toxins cannot affect. | f294ddb9-50fd-403d-a5ac-dd70c3820b8c |
2lh3s8 | What are the benefits to the United States in constructing the Keystone XL Pipeline? | As a Canadian who works in the Oil Sands I have to say I strongly oppose the Keystone XL. The political message in Canada is that it will create jobs. In reality, our high paying refining jobs will move to the states, where the weather is more favourable, the standards more lax, and the lower wages make it more affordable. We will lose more control of our resourses as well. We'll be selling you the unrefined product. Like selling unprocessed tress instead of a completed and more valuable product like lumber or paper (which also fucking happens).
This project came about after a breakthrough in bitumen transportation. Traditionally, bituminous oil didn't move well through pipes. This was a large reason why most of the upgrading facilities are built way up in the middle of the bush right at the mines. Now that we can move it through pipes though, the oil companies are second guessing doing all the work up here.
Canada will diversify our buyers one way or another, I don't think that was ever a selling point of the KeystoneXL. Right now two other pipelines are in the works to move Canadian oil to Asia and Europe. Sorry, but having America as our one and only customer doesn't lend to a great buisness relationship for Canada, it's more like a colonial one.
If you support fucking Canada over though, the US will get some oil jobs out of the deal and I'm sure some big buisiness fat cats will make a pretty penny. It would probably mean more oil and cheaper oil from Canada too.
Our own government is pretty damn set on this one, so it's all up to the American side now.
Edit: Oh, one little note, our oil refineries aren't in southern Canada, they're predominantly fairly north actually. North is a pretty relative term in Canada though since our population is situated mostly at the southern end of the country. | 148760c6-b439-4754-b10e-deb3b6b50371 |
1d18w4 | How are fingerprints formed? | You have 3 layers of skin - the epidermis, dermis, subcutis. Now the epidermis and dermis have to mesh together like a jigsaw puzzle - this is called interdigitation. This is done because you can't have your epidermis and your dermis sliding over each other as you touch stuff.
Your body is a very well evolved piece of equipment, and knows that your hands, especially fingers, and feet undergo the most friction in your body. It is here where the interdigitation is the most pronounced - so much so that you can see it on the surface. | aa7a9b5d-7f7f-46c5-ae14-bad6f99f1433 |
4xjphh | how do sports commentators know all the players and their backgrounds so readily? I realize they are fed the info beforehand but they seem to spit out the info at appropriate times and so easily. | They typically have notes on hand during the broadcast, additionally they have a producer in the truck feeding them information. | 1ba6929e-e38c-4d39-a073-b4da5d5f360c |
1jejcr | how do you determine the 'pack years' of a smoker? | 1 pack = 20 cigs
So 10 cigs per day x 20 years = 1/2 pack x 20 yrs = 10 pack years | 58ea0598-0168-49fb-b560-17af64596575 |
5nuiz8 | How can a 500mg pill be the same size as a 10mg pill? | The pills aren't 500mg, the dose of the drug is.
Some drugs need to be buffered differently so they will be absorbed by your body properly without causing a reaction. That could very well make a 10mg dose require a bigger pill than a 500 mg dose of a different drug. | 3b725197-1fe2-43bd-b81f-46915735f483 |
1kob7j | I have allergies. Why do I get sneezing fits every time I get out of the shower? | I'm no doctor, but it may be because the humidity in your shower loosens the particulates in your nose which causes a reaction. | bb887ba3-7850-4d3b-bb1d-8d703e888863 |
jmg5y | The current European economic mess. | The European Union is a collection of states that are integrated at a level never before seen in human history. Part of that integration is a shared currency and many other economic ties.
Several of the European Union States are experiencing an aging population, which combined with very generous social benefits (like healthcare, aged care, pensions, low retirement ages etc.) have combined to create a level of debt that is unsustainable.
Because the European Union is so integrated economically, these faltering countries (Greece, Spain, Italy etc.) essentially become a danger to the economic well being of the entire European Community. Further, the shared currency "Euro" means that these countries cannot simply devalue their currency unilaterally, to attract more tourism, make their exports more competitive etc. | ced5a25d-aced-4233-bf67-ea4a89436924 |
5dw7ea | Why can't you prevent injury in a falling elevator by jumping at the last second? | Let's say that you and the elevator are moving downward at a velocity of about 100 meters/second just before impact. You jump upwards at about 10 m/s.
This means that your final velocity at impact is 90 m/s downwards. If that won't hurt you, and the falling pieces of the elevator coming down on your head at 100 m/s don't hurt you, then you're golden. | 7fe6deb9-4060-4a41-b4d1-fa42903342ac |
5sgtv1 | Why are Japanese game titles often just strings of arbitrary words? | These are titles that were released in Japan with the title in English, so there is a bit lost in translation as they are trying to make their titles work with the way the game is. Here is the reasoning behind the titles in your example:
*Bravely Default* is an RPG where you have a "special ability" to either be "Brave" and perform an extra action in a round while giving up your ability to do anything the next round or "Default" when you basically do nothing but defend, but allow your character to perform a "Brave" move the next round without penalty. Hence the name "Bravely Default".
*Melty Blood Actress Again Current Code* is actually a title with two subtitled names. The overall game name for the series is "Melty Blood" which is an arcade fighting game about vampires (i guess the blood just melts in their mouth?). The expansion is called "Actress Again" which adds some new characters to the "Melty Blood" fighting game (so, new actresses). The "Current Code" is actually an arcade port to the PS2 which includes the Melty Blood with the Actress Again expansion (so, recoded to work with PS2). So, you get "**Melty Blood:** Actress Again *Current Code*" as the full title. | 959853b6-9d74-4dfd-8062-206c9345ff0c |
6zzdon | Why are passwords said to be safer if I use uppercase, lowercase, numbers and symbols? | The longer the password, the more potential passwords a hacker or cracking program would have to try before guessing yours. Using more randomized passwords, increases the odds that it won't land on yours.
It depends on the program and goal. I have lists of passwords for different penetration testing that I am doing. For example. Wifi passwords need to be at least 8 characters so I filter out any shorter than that. | 7b7ae8c7-6123-4b0f-9d4a-3ed67824cb21 |
t3b43 | Electromagnetic induction and Lenz's Law | Metals are full of mobile electrons. That's because whenever metal atoms come together to form solid metal, their outer electrons leave the atoms and start orbiting among all the atoms. It's as if a metal block is an aquarium full of water, with no bubbles allowed. Physicists call this the "ocean of charge" or the "sea of electrons."
"Induction" happens when a moving magnet stirs the electron-sea of a metal block. In a real aquarium you have to stick a paddle inside if you want to stir the water. In EM induction, you only need to stick a magnetic field inside the metal. Move it around and the electron-sea starts swirling in closed circles.
We usually simply this situation: instead of using a metal block, use a metal ring (called a "closed electric circuit.") Suddenly jam a magnet through the center of the ring, and the ring's electron-fluid starts rotating in a circle like a drive-belt. OK, now stretch the metal ring so it's very long and thin. Sweep the magnet near one end, and that forces the whole "belt" of electrons to start moving as a unit. You've created an electric generator which is powering an electric circuit.
Keep wiggling the magnet, and the metal ring gets hot. When you do this, you'll feel a sort of "drag" on the magnet, even though the magnet isn't touching anything. It has to be this way, since it took some work to heat up the metal ring, so the magnet experiences a sort of "non-contact friction" effect. It takes work to keep the magnet moving, but over there across the empty gap, the copper ring is getting hot, as if the magnet was physically rubbing on the copper. Weird. | 1a07524f-619e-48ea-8318-9813caf8ed4d |
20wzoa | Mariners of Reddit: What are the rules you have to follow to aid ships in distress/search and rescue operations? | According to Regulation 33, Chapter V of the Convention of the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974 (SOLAS 74)
> 1 The master of a ship at which is in position to be able to provide assistance, on receiving information from any source, that persons are in distress at sea, is bound to proceed with all speed to their assistance.
Chapter V also instructs that vessels to follow the *Guidelines on the treatment of persons rescued at sea* MSC. 167(78)
Also, there is a publication called the International Aeronautical and Marine Search and Rescue (IMSAR) manual. In chapter I of this manual, the command structure between shore and ship is establish. Basically, whoever takes control of the rescue mission has the authority to redirect ships.
Then, there is the Brussels Convention of 1910 which also outlines the responsibilities of ships when it comes to rescue and salvage.
Besides the international laws, most nations have their own domestic laws regarding this situation. In Canada, this is outlined (and pretty much repeated word for word) in the Canada Shipping Act 2001.
As for who pays for what, that typically falls on the ship owner. If the ships burns a thousands dollars worth of fuel responding to a distress, they will get no compensation. However, there might be a clause in the ship's charter party agreement. When a ship carries cargo, they typically have a contract called a charter party agreement (or sometimes it is in the bill of lading). In that contract, they list a bunch of items that the ship owner has to pay for, and items that the charterer has to pay for. So, there is no guaranteed yes or no.
Furthermore, the ship may get some money back if they salvage the plane and perhaps even the crew. Under international law, there is nothing that says you can or cannot claim a salvage fee for personnel salvage. So, this will depend on where the plane is found. That being said, most salvage agreements go on a "no cure, no pay" basis, so this means that you don't get paid unless you actually recover something, which they probably won't.
You should x-post this to a more legal oriented subreddit, because this question would be better answered by lawyer than by a sailor. Maritime law can be quite tricky, and the financial claims of the ship could take years to settle. | 537ccc76-1d33-4d11-b4ac-7441c83d157f |
2jr6b5 | How does my mobile phone know when there's an incoming call? | Your phone constantly pings or sends information to cell towers for information. Cell towers route the call to you so when your phone says, "hey, do I have anything?" The Tower responds by giving your phone the call or a text message or just the time. | 184361c6-3d98-46ba-9177-d802dcc38b3e |
1x79uf | Why is it that when it's a really cold night outside, the sky is so much clearer & crisper to see the stars more clearly? [Serious] | The sky isn't clear because it's cold, it's cold because the sky is clear. Clouds act like a blanket that keep the warmth radiating from the earth's surface escaping into the upper atmosphere so easily. Without the clouds, the heat escapes. This is why deserts are usually freezing cold at night - no moisture for clouds. | 40460538-d725-4668-8f9f-4537d69794d7 |
81ygt5 | Why does our voice sound different in a recording than what we hear ? | When you talk, you hear your voice both through vibrations in the air (which is the only thing that everyone else hears), as well as through vibrations in the bones of your skull (which only you can hear).
A recording accurately recreates the part that everyone else hears (vibrations in the air). | c33fef41-142f-4d2a-85ef-c1876bc235bc |
58ozi0 | Why do airplane staff have to open/close the windows at set parts of the flight? | I actually asked a flight attendant this. She told me that it is a safety thing. They want people to be able to see if there are any hazards outside the plane. Also, keep in mind that a plane has no rear view mirrors. It is literally impossible for a pilot to see their wings. If some thing was wrong (like a fire) the only way they could see the wing is through the passenger windows. | 8fcfea33-1286-4439-9a4d-2ea805b20a58 |
10cfqi | What does an investment banker do? | If you want to sell your house, you may decide to hire a mortgage broker to help you figure out how much your house is worth on the market and then show your house to potential buyers. If you want to buy a house, you may decide to hire a mortgage broker to show you different houses based on what you want and can afford. Instead of houses, an investment banker helps *companies* buy or get a acquired by other companies.
Most investment bankers spend 80-120 hours a week staring at Excel to model out what the financials of the combined company would look like (that's seriously the industry standard hours; most people quit within a year or two). At the highest levels, however, it's basically a sales job. The managing director knows a lot of people in his specific industry, what companies are worth in that industry based on financial metrics he's memorized over the years, and basically helps arrange buyers and sellers. If the deal goes through, the banker gets a small cut of the transaction. | 33a6b90c-0c63-4af1-b8b9-5514dd5ae566 |
186vhf | Who do bruises turn blue? | As you may know, your body contains a lot of small pipelines carrying blood to everywhere in your body. What happens if you bruise, is that one of these pipelines or veins burst and spill blood. Now you may wonder: Why is that stain blue, while blood is red?
It has everything to do with how we see colors. If white light hits an objects, some of it gets absorbed and some is reflected. The color of the light that is reflected, is the one we see. Blood reflects mostly red light and little other colors. Aside from that, red and green colors are absorbed more easily than blue. Think of how a swimming pool is blueish, while a glass of water is transparant. This is because as you get deeper, more red/green light is absorbed than blue.
A similar feat happens with veins under our skin (if you have a light skin tone). Even though your skin isn't transparent it still lets a bit of light through. In that bit, there is more blue because the other colors are more easily absorbed. By the time the light hits your blood, most of the red/green light will be absorbed. When your blood reflects that light, it will seem blue, because the other colors are already gone. It is similar to how a gray sheet of paper turns blue if you shine blue light on it.
So in essence, the blood under your skin isn't blue. It seems that way because only blue light is able to pass deep through the skin and be reflected.
edit: As rupert1920 pointed out, the blood is also broken down into products that are blue, green and yellow. This explains the variety of colors a bruise has. Veins seem blue, because of those light effects as described above. | e87870c5-752a-45fe-acb7-ccbdc1b06544 |
1p7zfj | What is the difference between using < tables > or < div > in webpage layout? | Web development has moved towards more semantic markup. In a super small nutshell its kind of like the idea of using the right tool for the job.
A table is *supposed* to be for tabular data, not layout -- this is why it is generally not used for layout anymore. It doesn't make semantic sense to. In other words, if you need to put a nail in a board, you could use a wrench, and it would work, but a hammer is better suited for that.
Aside from tables, all the other elements generally behave in basically one of three well-defined ways: block, inline-block, inline. I won't really get into those (you should read about it if you want to learn more), but the thing is that the way those elements behave is pretty well defined. If you know how they behave, and can expect that behavior, you don't need something like tables to help with layout.
[Here is a great place to start](_URL_0_) | ad97d463-a402-42d2-94ae-82343187cd48 |
3xw5ww | why do email clients on android require access to calls and calls details? | The only explanation I could think of is so the app knows the phone is in use, and it won't attempt to transmit or recieve and fail unnecessarily. As for call logs... idk.
But it could all be for marketing purposes as well. | 13b04a4f-ccac-44f0-af7c-82cfc851e862 |
yutug | The difference between a coma and being unconscious. | > In medicine, a coma (from the Greek κῶμα koma, meaning deep sleep) **is a state of unconsciousness:**
> 1) lasting more than six hours in which
> 2) a person cannot be awakened,
> 3) fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, sound,
> 4) lacks a normal sleep-wake cycle and
> 5) does not initiate voluntary actions.
*Source:* Wikipedia - Coma. Formatting changed and emphasis added for clarity.
It looks like a coma is just a certain kind of unconsciousness with a few other choice characteristics. | 71c7b9bc-d5a7-4ee0-a52b-ec36c7ba5227 |
30ax2b | Why aren't there any fruit-bearing plants that grow underwater? | Fruit is there for the plant to spread its seeds through fruit eaters' feces. In water, the seeds would float away once pooped out, so cut out the middle man and go straight to floating away. Submarine fruits aren't evolutionary beneficial. | 134a0354-1c2d-4914-a190-b4db7d80a2a3 |
2oz3wx | Why does the Japanese language use so many English words, even in cases when you know they must have an equivalent word in their language? | While Japan does have inherently Japanese words, what they're translating is a franchise name, not a word. Trying to be faithful to the original name does have its advantages: firstly it shows some respect for the country's culture and secondly it increases cultural diffusion, and thus, globalisation. Japan, as you might know, has been under the influence of the West for a very long time, and in their culture respect is very important.
Of course, another good reason is simply that it reduces the language barrier, especially when it comes to an imported franchise, so that people know it's the same thing even when it's not written in their native tongue. | a56fc059-e544-40af-9022-d6b4dcb23cce |
25g39i | if there's a garbage island the size of Texas in the Pacific Ocean, why can't I find it on google maps? | It's not an island in the typical sense of a chunk of land you can walk on.
It's a region of the ocean with a larger than expected concentration of microscopic plastic particles.
The existence of this "island" is a problem because of it's size and it's risk to ocean life, but you could only realize you were even floating in it if you sampled the water around you and examined it closely.
Edit: It appears it isn't **always** microscopic pieces, according to some of the videos shown below. | 09d82ef4-d778-4dcd-a9ba-0dc7f1607b1a |
5j3y59 | Why are male nipples fine to show, but females are taboo? | It depends on the culture. You're assuming a Western (mainly U.S) focus. It's much less taboo in Europe, and even less so in other parts of the world.
There's no real good answer beyond that. Culture doesn't really have to "make sense". A lot of it goes back to when showing any type of skin (even ankles! back in the day in china. Or necks, in parts of Africa) was considered immodest. Gradually that standard has evolved, especially in the last 100 years or so. As skirts have gotten shorter, as well as necklines/arms, all that's really left are the pieces covered by a bikini.
Breasts in particular are a bit special because they're tied to raising a child/picking a mate, and sensitive.
tdr: Because in our culture, it is.
edit:
I'd also add that it's kind of self reinforcing. Covering breasts means they tend to get fetishized/sexualized (associated with sex more), which tends to reinforce that taboo notion | c37db0aa-905e-4f1a-a49b-c158ec8f014d |
vonug | Why is the divorce rate so high in the US? | Who says it's high? It's high*er than it used to be* because nowadays we advocate divorce when relationships are abusive, dysfunctional, or unhappy. In the past, you were expected to stay married even they beat you, if they were a junkie, if they molested your kids, if you just weren't in love anymore and wanted to move on. We've only had a few years of even considering marital rape to be a real thing, you can't compare divorce rates to the past. The US divorce rate is *low* compared to many first-world nations (though that's not a *good* thing). | c69b1e60-c4a9-47ce-aa90-ad56a7003d54 |
6xshag | Who invented the internet and how is it owned by nobody? | The inventors of the internet are Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf.
Internet is not a single thing. It is a set of thousands of other things. No one owns it. A nice analogy would be agriculture. No one owns agriculture, agriculture is a set of techniques.
The parts of the internet are owned by various people and companies though, like Facebook, Google, etc, but I think you know that.
Edit : replaced a word. | fb1aa5e9-868f-4f9c-93f7-aa6606fa26d9 |
2uzqn5 | Why do companies wait till the Super Bowl to make good commercials? | I suppose the best time to invest a lot of money into the production of an ad is when it is guaranteed to be seen by many, and be talked about later on. And in order to have the ad stand out in front of the others, so that the investment in the spot was worthwhile, it has to be very good. It's an ad competition. | 83abd0c5-644c-42d0-a34c-1b29c8bf8564 |
5wrksv | When we crave certain foods, is it because our body knows we need it? | My brother is a pediatrician and says the same thing.
Some caveats though: sugar and fat (and possibly salt) is so scarce in nature that we are hardwired to want it when it is available - which is not good in today's society.
My brother does also refer to a theory that one of the reasons we have so many nutritional issues today is because as a society we suppress these innate skills in children, and over time they lose it. | 022d9a4a-c335-4ef1-8fb5-46879b330d5b |
60pzkp | What would happen if u aimed the barrels of two guns directly against each other and pulled the triggers at exactly the same time? | How far apart are they? if they are a modest distance a part, the bullets would collide (assuming everything is identical between the guns and the ammo used) in the middle either causing them to fall where they impact or more likely ricochet in some unknown direction due to minor flaws in each.
If the barrels are touching each other? is the connection air tight? If so the weapons would likely explode from the force of the pressure caused by the explosion in the chamber being unable to escape through normal means (the barrel). | cccc2f65-20b7-423e-bae3-5b30c5dc88b4 |
14t4x3 | The difference between Sunni and Shiite Muslims | * Sunni believe that the first four successors(caliphs) rightfully took his place as the leaders of Muslim. They recognize the heirs of the four caliphs as legitimate religious leaders.
* The Shiite believe that only the heirs of the fourth caliph as the legitimate successor of Mohammed.
Basically, they are POLITICAL difference, which now carry spiritual differences to this day.
They do have differences, but most do not distinguish themselves to any group, but simply "Muslims"
A big difference is for Sunni, if a consensus of the Muslim community agree to something, it is authority, besides the Quran.
Shiite on the other hand, beside the Quran, the only other authority is Imams, or the person who leads prayers, who they believe to be infallible. | 221a9377-e6e4-4b87-a913-4308802bad19 |
1p3i8p | Why are kids forced to take a plethora of subjects in highschool regardless of their future college or job prospects? | Because going to school is about more than getting a job. | 75ed8133-ab77-4acd-a377-f2037fe2013f |
2hm5vy | Can exposure to extremely high levels of radiation cause immediate death? How? | "Yes, high enough acute doses can prevent neurons from firing correctly and lead to instant death. If you were to pull out a fuel assembly from a nuclear power plant and place it on the wall and run at it from 50 feet away. You will die before touching it."
_URL_0_ | b79dcc59-9965-4f5f-9f85-8482f49e562f |
33avk9 | Why are movies given different release dates for different countries? | Most likely because there's another major release on Apr 22nd that they don't want to compete with. People choose 1 movie to purchase. They don't buy multiples | a6fd62cb-3505-4c1d-a80c-4be9e8bcd461 |
213qt1 | Why are we asked to turn our phones and electronics off when taking off and landing a plane. | Well everyone here appears to be a moron. The reason your phone needs to be off is because the flight crew doesn't want you to be distracted in case of emergency when they may need to tell you important information to, you know, not die. They just (used to) tell you the interference thing because airlines don't like making light of the fact that a crash is something that might happen, as improbable as it is.
source: my mom is a flight attendant. | d6120788-e3f9-423c-92ba-8376d5b62ca3 |
50wacm | Why do diabetics who have hypos act aggressively? | If you are healthy you might be sitting around at like a blood sugar reading of 80. Normal is after you haven't eaten for a while that might start to go to like 70, and you start to get hungry as it keeps dropping a little more maybe you get that sort of cranky, irritable "hey, I am not dealing with any of this till I get something to eat" focus that would make a lot of sense if we were still animals that starved to death a lot.
If you have diabetes you can go way outside of the regular range. You can get numbers that are never supposed to happen. They end up tripping every sensor in your body that was supposed to just trip a little gradually when you got hungry. And take the normal irritability that comes with hunger and make it some crazy rage. | 80008193-ab83-4360-a29a-4fd09b389d5a |
685ujj | How can the federal government just "shut down?" | Shut down is a little misleading, they whole government doesn't close it's doors on day one of the continuing resolution expiring.
In some ways the government does run like a business. It employs people and purchases materials from private companies to provide services.
Congress has to agree on how to hand out the money the government takes in from taxes. That money is then made available for various agencies to use.
If there's no new money being made available to pay the people or private companies the various agencies are left to take steps to use as little money as possible until congress can agree on how it's spent. They furlough employees and stop making orders for goods or contracting services though private companies. If the agency pays out benefits to people they may have to stop at some point, but for the most part they keep social security checks and SNAP benefits coming as long as they can.
Government agencies will do their best to keep critical functions alive if they can. They may close national parks but keep forestry service fire fighting services going. The military will continue to be funded, but some of the MWR (morale, recreation and welfare) programs that are staffed by civilians may cease to operate. If the crisis were to go on long enough, those critical programs may have to decide whether to ask for loans and ask workers to volunteer, or to just let local governments try to fend for themselves.
Plans are put in place to call workers back in once a budget has been passed and pay furloughed employees back pay for their time off if possible. | 2c1a645c-211f-4963-9a53-8c467d90337e |
8d68nx | why haven’t we built passengers airplanes with no windows but screen walls on the inside? | The ability for passengers to use natural light from the windows to evacuate in case of an emergency, and for emergency crews to be able to see inside the aircraft, would be lost with screens. | 320e5fe9-c100-4099-baba-fb2e2ab49eab |
1h6mrn | So I've just begun Final Fantasy 13. I have never played any final fantasy games before. What on earth is going on? | One important thing to know (if you don't already) is that all of the major versions (e.g. Final Fantasy 1-10, 12, 13) have independent stories that are completely different from each other.
There are some common features like music, recurring characters (Cid, a bit different in each game), and things like rideable birds called chocobos. | a3be638d-494f-42e5-822b-75731984596c |
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