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3v8anf | Why do most dish sets come with mugs instead of drinking glasses? | Dishes are sold as a set so that the patterns all match. But they're mostly opaque while glasses are transparent or translucent. The glasses won't be able to match, so why bother selling them as a set?
When you say mug, do you really mean cup? I haven't looked at dish sets recently, but I'd expect cups, not mugs. And cups are proper for serving coffee or tea at the dinner table. You generally wouldn't serve a hot beverage in a glass. So is the reason you don't see them being used because you're not used to ending dinner with a hot drink? | 6e0e1c2b-1b58-40c1-8646-c152d95b9235 |
3iduu2 | What's happening, physically, when a computer starts overheating and becomes laggy? | Usually the CPU underclocking itself. In rare cases functions might fail or bits could change because the material wasnt designed to operate at those temperatures. When the CPU cant reduce the heat enough it will simply shut itself down. | dafdd02a-ff94-4557-8038-9193f8ea0434 |
1c4rte | what exactly is a "resource based economy" and how would/could it work? | A resource based economy is one that gets most of its wealth from natural resources, like oil, lumber, or mining.
Let's say a small island nation with 100 people discovers a massive copper deposit. Up until that point, they had a few tourists per year, but generally had to sustain themselves.
Suddenly, 90 people are working on mining the copper, which they sell to other countries, and can afford to buy food instead of farming.
Every economy needs to have some money flowing in, because there is always money flowing out for things like medical supplies, clothing, taxes, and resources that can't be produced locally. Having natural resources to sell brings in the money the society needs, much like tourism or manufacturing. | 56239f71-2312-469a-ae53-bcab0f7d76be |
460lvm | What are the beads in hand sanitizers, and why do they float? | They're [microbeads:](_URL_0_)
> Microbeads are plastic microspheres that are widely used in cosmetics as exfoliating agents and personal care products such as toothpaste, as well as biomedical and health science research, microscopy techniques, fluid visualization and fluid flow analysis, and process troubleshooting.[1] They are most frequently made of polyethylene but can be of other petrochemical plastics such as polypropylene and polystyrene.[2][3]
They float because they are less dense than the liquid in which they are situated.
They have been banned in the US under the Obama administration since 2015 because they fuck with the environment. | 669b5e59-af84-4976-b811-a186ec8c201d |
wxua9 | Direct X | DirectX is the way that your game communicates with your graphics card. Microsoft takes requests from game developers and makes a list of features that game developers want, but can't do right now.
Microsoft then goes to AMD and NVIDIA, and says, "Hey, these are some things that game developers want to be able to do. We're going to expose these commands to those games, and here's what we're telling them to expect. You can build these commands into your graphics cards however you want, as long as you make them accessible to games in a particular way- and we'll call the group of these commands, brought together, DirectX.
Basically, if game developers had to write games at the level of the computer's base hardware, it'd take forever, and certain games would only work on certain graphics cards. DirectX is a layer in between. It lets games make specific, predetermined commands, and then uses a driver made by the graphics card's vendor to convert those into commands that the graphics card can understand. | 74e31044-a9ab-438a-bc68-f98fa2256404 |
2rq64j | Why did our ancestors settle in areas with "uninhabitable" weather? | Sure, if you're in a place with nice weather, there's going to be more food but there's also going to be more competition for that food **and more predators**. Going to a harsher environment gives you more space to expand without other people trying to take your shit or kill you.
Even today, you can see that in effect. Compare the average rent for an apartment in LA or Miami to the rent for an apartment in Fargo, North Dakota | 7a66a08f-95b8-40be-be1a-90ba8d0abd1e |
1fj2gc | Why does it feel so good to scratch an itch? | Insects cause itch.
Insects are sometimes bad for you.
Scratching removes said insects.
It's an evolutionary thing, scratching removes irritants. | 61ddf0bf-28cc-40b2-973b-8389678198bf |
5rug86 | What is this G2A scandal everyone seems to be talking about? | Basically it is a marketplace where G2A the company themselves sell 'non-pirated', 'stolen keys' or 'hacked credit card' Game Keys to activate downloads with a decent discount.
But as it is a marketplace other "shops" are allowed to sell CD keys. These CD keys can come from anywhere, hacked/stolen credit cards, stolen games etc etc. This obviously means that sometimes the CD key is stopped from working by game developers from time to time. With this or any other purchase on the internet the purchaser is entitled to a refund, however it can be difficult to get and takes time. G2A 'solve' this problem by offering G2A shield - which is a premium product, basically insurance on your purchases which ensures a quicker response time.
I'm not entirely sure but this "premium product" isn't a one time fee and buyers were charged monthly (not sure but I read the AMA from the other day) fees. That isn't good. And it isn't great that users have to pay a premium for something that G2A knows actively goes on by a lot of the sellers on their marketplace.
It's pretty much like going to a pawn store and buying an item. Police knock on your door and tell you the item you purchased was originally stolen and sold to the pawn store. They take the item and now you have to fight for your money back from the shop. Nightmare.
Game developers are so pissed off with G2A's activities and unwillingness to do something about it that they actively tell gamers to pirate their game rather then lining their pockets more. Most game developers know that not every gamer cannot afford the game and most don't offer demos anymore. So pirate copies are pretty much a demo game for the online multiplayer games of the world in a game devs eyes.
This is the best explanation I can muster from only reading an AMA and not actively researching. | fef60987-f545-49f9-a285-03b876638319 |
3xzk68 | Why does the body need carbon dioxide? | CO2 plays a vital role in maintaining the acid-base balance of your blood. The more CO2 in your blood, the more acidic it is. When you hyperventilate, you expel much of the CO2 in your blood, making it more alkaline. This is known as [respiratory alkalosis](_URL_0_). Respiratory alkalosis leads to light-headedness, tingling and loss of sensation in your extremities, muscle spasms and stiffness, and loss of consciousness. Once you lose consciousness, you should stop hyperventilating and your CO2 levels will return to normal. If there's some reason *other* than hyperventilation that you're losing blood CO2, though (example: you're at high altitude and have to breathe more to get more O2), it can eventually lead to death. | e586332e-93e6-4bef-83e4-b163d8964534 |
2db2ai | Why did the people of Toronto vote for Rob Ford? | His base is primarily in the suburban areas which felt under-represented by past candidates. He has a man-of-the-people image that he has worked hard to cultivate, in truth he is from the wealthy elite. Ford would personally return his constituents calls, small town style. His buffoonery is genuine. Despite the media circus that he generates, very little is said of his actual work. Ford's civic record is decent. | 4b85e15d-02cf-4cc9-8369-02dc6cb63ccc |
8k4f9u | easing yourself into hot/cold water to acclimate your body | Brains are cool and are able to adapt to any constant/repetitive stimulus such that you no longer realize you percieve it. (clocks ticking, your own footsteps). This might be why you stop feeling it, since your vrain is like "okay i get it, its hot. lets move on" | bea0925d-cdc8-4bdb-b1f1-e3b1e1e75e49 |
1n7x5a | Where is all accepted scientific knowledge kept? | There is no single gatekeeper, who decides what is and is not "accepted scientific knowledge". Nor is science like mathematics, where a proof can be self-evidently correct. It depends on evidence, which may be inaccurately or unreliably collected or interpreted. As such, scientific knowledge is provisional, based on evidence as it accumulates and is confirmed by repetition. One might draw up a vague scale of theories, from "totally inconsistent with available evidence" near the bottom to "conjectural, without any evidence as yet" in the middle, up to to "well-confirmed, makes predictions that are borne out by repeated experiments under reliable circumstances" near the top. But any given theory will have its adherents and detractors, who doubt or trust specific points of data as they relate to the theory.
It's not a satisfying answer, but it's the truth. | 7b5b4150-11fc-4a0d-8e7f-dafda606d635 |
4j5zqx | How do songs/albums/mix tapes get leaked? | Usually they are leaked by someone who receives an advance copy, such as for review purposes. There have also been instances, although not as common, of leaks happening from the factory where they press the CDs. It could pretty much happen any time someone has advance access to the media in question. All they have to do is make a copy or upload it straight to the internet. | b523f729-946b-4d8c-8142-1845037ee91a |
k4nhk | EL5: Russian names | First names: Given to the child by the parents, as in the West. Every first name has a whole bunch of nicknames traditionally associated with it. Sometimes these are pretty random (the way "Dick" doesn't actually sound very much like "Richard") but a lot of them are made by adding an ending like "-enka" or "-ushka." This sounds affectionate in Russian, like "Tommy" or "Sammy" sounds affectionate in English.
Patronymics: These come second. It's the person's father's first name plus "-ich" (for a man) or either "-vna" or "-chna" (for a woman).
Surnames: These work the same as Western surnames, passed down from father to children.
Calling somebody by a nickname is intimate; calling somebody Firstname Patronymic is normal, and can be anywhere from friendly to cold; calling somebody Mr. Surname is formal. | 3f74758a-980f-48ba-82e2-05716a88c97d |
plxsu | The Crop Circle Phenomenon | I think this can be explained to a 5yr old without resorting to simple talk:
-They are made by people. (there is nothing mysterious abut them).
-You'll probably notice that crop circles are all based on curves & circles...even the really complicated ones. Ever used a drawing compass to draw a circle? well they use the same principle, but instead of such a compass they use a stake in the ground attached to a long string /or rope which they use to mark out a perimeter of a circle, then just trample the crop within the line. Large ones are made by groups of people making bigger circles with bigger stake/rope things - and more practice.
The stake/rope thing also enables pretty good straight lines, too. (Measure the string accurately before hand and keep it tight...you'll get circle the same size every time)
obligatory wikipedia page:
_URL_0_
For really elaborate ones they might also use a mapping compass to get position of the circle/string spot on.
-fuckwits make them. It's not big and - once you understand the simple principles involved - its not clever either. I suppose some farmers may have them made deliberately to get attention/money from other fuckwits who believe in space wizards (faceplam).
-because the people who started making them tried to make them look like an alien craft had landed e.g. 3 circular footprints in the ground. This was a few decades ago and it all sorta snowballed. Like a viral marketing thing or a meme. Once the media found an interesting angle it got carried away.
EDIT: strangely relevant: _URL_1_ | 0d709c70-7321-4947-b386-23b7fc42913e |
rw7hq | SSH clients ? What are they used for ? And how can I get started ? | SSH is a generic protocol used to securely communicate between 2 devices/computers. You can send whatever data you like over this encrypted channel, there are some built in tools, which is what 99% of people use it for.
*
SSH: Secure "Shell". Use a client like Putty if you're on a windows machine. This logs you into a command prompt on the remote system allowing you to run commands.
*
SCP: Secure Copy. Direct file copying over a network, must know file names ahead of time.
*
SFTP: Secure FTP (File Transfer Protocol). FTP is a another protocol entirely so this a bit of a mis-nomer but it applies. Use a client like WinSCP. This allows you to browse files and directories on remote systems and copy files to and fro.
You can do all sorts of nifty crap using a ssh session, I've even used it as a VPN tunnel. I've also used it for harddrive copying, and to wrap other protocols up, like NFS.
Authentication is generally Username/Password but you can also setup what are called "ssh keys" which allow access without requiring a password.
In order for you to talk to a remote machine using ssh there are 2 things you'll need. Firstly, the remote machine must be running an ssh service of some kind. Linux/Unix does by default, you can install one on windows, and I *think Apple has one installed, but it's not on by default. Secondly, you need a client of some kind. Putty works well for windows, and it's free. I think Apple has one built into the terminal, Linux/Unix should already have command line ones.
I don't touch Apples for the most part, so what the fuck is iFile? | cd5998d7-9948-4ad7-9ee4-4e1378b1fe75 |
52lby3 | Why does staring at white paper in bright sun light cause your eyes to see everything in a different shade of color immediately afterwards? | In the simplest terms, when you stare at bright light, like the sun, or a flashbulb, the sensors in the back of your eyes (rods and cones) that receive the light are hyper-excited, and it takes a while for them to "calm" back down again.
Or, you could be like me and you don't see anything after staring at a white piece of paper in bright sunlight. You're too busy sneezing your fool head off because you are one of the 18-35% of the population that has A.C.H.O.O. (seriously) also known as [photic sneezing reflex](_URL_0_). | 4efb96ef-5252-4e0a-a1e5-4c46ee5290ff |
5qs760 | Checks and Balances | The US Federal government is split into 3 different parts, the executive branch (lead by the President), the judicial branch (Supreme Court) & the legislative branch (Congress).
"Checks and Balances" is the idea that if any one branch of the government steps out of line, they can be stopped by the other two.
Let's look at the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court can decide that a law passed by congress or a presidential action is unconstitutional. To balance that out, the president is the one who nominates new justices & Congress must approve them before they take action. Congress can also initiate Constitutional amendments to change the constitution and even impeach judges who are extremely out of line.
Most of the rest of the actions involve a legislative/executive interaction. The legislature makes laws but the president has a veto power. The executive is responsible for carrying out laws but the legislature has control of the budget and can reject the presidents picks to head major government agencies. The president controls the military but only Congress can declare war. The executive negotiates treaties and conducts foreign relations but the legislature must approve the treaties. | 60c2bc43-ea97-4efe-a5a9-d462ce8e667b |
7w0ag7 | Why do objects leaving the atmosphere not burn like they do when entering the atmosphere? | Orbiting is all about going fast, less about going high.
When going into orbit you usually start by climbing mostly straight to get out of the thick atmosphere--that just slows you down with drag. Once you're mostly to orbital altitudes there's essentially no friction so it's possible to accelerate horizontally for a few minutes to achieve orbital velocities. You never wind up traveling at orbital velocity while in the atmosphere.
When coming back from orbit you could, in theory, do the same thing in reverse. You could fire a rocket for a few minutes to slow down, then come through the atmosphere at only a couple times the speed of sound. The problem with that approach is that it takes an *enormous* amount of fuel.
What's far, *far* more efficient is to alter your orbit just a little so that you go through the atmosphere which will slow you down for free. That means you hit the atmosphere at essentially orbital velocity which causes a huge amount of heat due to the air in front of you being compressed (not primarily due to friction as is often assumed; friction is a significant factor, but compression is the main component). | 9cc1f10a-95b4-4418-8c40-50503a3a9862 |
5t5j6k | How does a turning a faucet change the temperature of water | There are two tubes running into your faucet. One straight from the mains, and the other from your water heater. When you open the faucet, the tap itself opens to allow water to flow out.
When you turn the faucet, you are changing the amount of water coming through each of the pipes. All the way to the hot side opens only the hot water pipe and not the cold one. Same for the cold water side.
In the middle should ideally be half and half, but since the water heater heats the water to uncomfortable temperatures, the middle generally allows more cold water so you don't burn yourself. | 30072609-e445-46f0-85c2-134641503c3d |
2jgh71 | if certain viruses need a living host to survive, why haven't they adapted to a point where they don't ultimately kill their host? | Most viruses probably are benign or even beneficial to the host, but two things can happen:
1) A virus can jump species and have new effects on the new species it didn't on the prior one
2) As long as it stay alive long enough to spread again it won't die off. It's at an evolutionary disadvantage compared to an infection but benign virus, but that doesn't mean it'll get removed from the world immediately, it just means it might stay a smaller population or die off over many generations. | ba628422-4b9e-4a4e-b1b2-f5d419fc07b6 |
14qebo | how muscles get stronger. | Imagine a village that has a very valuable treasure in it and the villagers build a big wall around it to protect the treasure! Well lets say someone comes along and tears down the wall to get to the treasure. The villagers are really upset by this and after the wall is torn down they decide to build it back up even bigger than before to keep people out and away from their treasure! After all, the wall didn't do a good enough job the first time so they need a bigger, better wall to hopefully make it work the next time! Of course, the villagers need really great materials to make a really great wall but as long as they have those great materials they'll keep building the wall back a little bit bigger and better each time it gets torn down. After all, they have to protect that treasure!
Now think of muscle growth that way except that the wall is your muscle, the tearing down is your weight training, the materials for the wall are your diet, and the villagers are your body. | 89241cbd-a145-4e2b-b64f-e88db22be909 |
29lwmc | Why did the Allies attack the most fortified place in Europe at Normandy rather than landing the bulk of their armies on a less dangerous coastline? | It wasn't the most fortified place in France at the time. That would be the Pas de Calais, the most obvious place to invade (you can see England from there). The point of allied deception operations was to convince the OKW that the landings in Normandy were actually a feint, and that the real push would come with General Patton landing a (completely fictitious) First US Army Group near Calais. A lot of effort went into this. Historians are sort of divided on how much the Germans actually bought it, but in any event the precious German armoured divisions stayed out of the fight long enough to allow a real beachhead to be established, and the rest is, as they say, history. | 2e8bbe82-0ecd-4d16-9b9c-d6456cbea926 |
7i02l3 | High school males get a boner in class for absolutely no reason, why is this? | Use the search function.
All healthy males get erections for no reason, randomly throughout the day, sometimes beginning even before puberty. No sexual thoughts or stimulation are required.
We also randomly achieve erection during sleep, several times. No sexual thoughts, dreams, or fantasies are required.
The human body is constantly monitoring its health, and part of that process involves occasionally increasing or decreasing blood pressure to the genitals to ensure they respond correctly to stimulus. Even women do this. Genitals are extremely important to our survival, and are thus rigorously checked throughout the day, automatically and without any ability to control the function.
An increase in testosterone (as is associated with puberty) might make this process occur more frequently or for longer durations. A decrease in testosterone (associated with age) might decrease the frequency or duration of this process. | d26c7c8a-a5ac-461a-96e0-ea0351651147 |
2q1h5d | What would the repercussions be IRL for someone who did what Jack Black did in "School of Rock"? | Trespassing at school. And most likely a couple dozen counts of kid napping for taking them off campus. | db0d7af1-d4d9-4ce2-829b-994702c29e7e |
ojhvv | What is a pocket veto? Why is it legal? | It's a legal maneuver. If congress passes a bill, the president has 10 days to decide to sign or veto. If he does nothing, then the bill automatically passes.
However, if, during that 10 day period, congress adjourns, then if the president takes no action, the bill is automatically vetoed. This is the pocket veto.
It's legal because the constitution says it's legal. | 7db8cf87-fe9b-46a2-b7fb-d9cd252c88c0 |
29pyw7 | Why do banks offer interest? What’s in it for them? | They get your money. Would you give money to a bank if you didn't get anything in return? The interest is a payment to you so you'll give them your money. | d4e5424b-9ec5-4411-908c-93f40c1c6255 |
7zqo3g | how does garbage always smell the same when it is composed of innumerable different smelly objects? | Because it mostly only smells when there's rotting food waste in it and it is the same types of bacteria breaking it down and emitting the same types of by products that smell. You don't get that smell if it's just wood or paper or plastic or metal etc. | edb44047-4018-444b-b4a2-17222cf4d4dd |
5qcrwf | How does CAPTCHA work? | CAPTCHA stands for Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart. They're also known as a type of Human Interaction Proof (HIP).
You've probably seen CAPTCHA tests on lots of websites. The most common form of CAPTCHA is an image of several distorted letters. They require you to type the correct series of letters into a form. If your letters match the ones in the distorted image, you pass the test and are "confirmed" as a human.
[This](_URL_0_) website lets you know more if you are interested.
*If you have any questions don't hesistate to reply below and I will answer your question(s) to the best of my ability. If you thought my answer was helpful, please just take a few seconds to leave an upvote. Thanks! :)* | e0b5b052-3252-4d63-a275-30ba66be35b0 |
2mxkfg | Why don't women face criminal charges for making false rape allegations against men? | This is not a complex technical question so this has been removed. Also:
> Don't post just to express an opinion or argue a point of view.
This is your fourth post removed from this sub in as many months, you seem to not get that ELI5 is not a place for you to express your opinions in the form of a question. So you can take a break from here. Maybe in the two weeks you have off you'll take a moment to read our sidebar. | f6e3b9c7-8f62-4bef-af2b-061ddb524a28 |
2tq73j | Am I hurting my chances at getting into college when I put Asian down for my race? | ELI5 is for requests for easy-to-follow explanations of complex concepts and subjects. That means no questions that are just looking for straightforward answers, that are subjective, a request for a guide/walkthrough, or that are objective but not asking for an explanation of an answer. ELI5 is absolutely not a repository for any question you have. | 834ee32d-1772-4c41-a23e-f4ac94e0d411 |
5dlla3 | Leukemia | In a nutshell (not a doctor), leukemia is a cancer of the blood forming tissues in the body (both bone marrow and lymph nodes). The cancer cells don't function like regular cells leading to problems that are specific to the type of leukemia. If in the marrow, red blood cells are affected causing anemia. If in the lymph nodes, white blood cells are affected causing immune problems. Those can eventually cause death. Additionally, some types of leukemia can significantly increase the risk of other cancers. | fe19ddd2-b777-4465-8a29-7b3150647aa5 |
3uf7r3 | Why does combination of smoking cigarette and drinking alcohol gives an overwhelming feeling of drunk-ness? | Because the nicotine gives you a headrush while the alcohol also similarily gives you that light headed euphoric feeling also then you now have nicotine and alcohol in your blood. Nicotine causes nausea and so does alcohol so you probably have a combined worsening nausea.
But.. aww thats cute you still notice the feelings when you smoke. Those were the good days | 8b64315e-d171-4dbf-bceb-37d693359854 |
5fiesb | What happens with the surplus energy of my bike dynamo? | It is dissipated as heat. When an electric device fails to "use" more energy, generally it's because resistance is increasing -- often by design. Pumping more electricity through resistors causes them to turn it into heat, which then goes out into the atmosphere. | 5de12c9f-4ec3-4db7-bf51-191f92df407b |
44mf8x | Why do children like to draw so much? | I think everyone likes to draw. We have a natural-born desire to create and to express ourselves through visual art. Unfortunately many of us lose that desire due to laziness, lack of time, distractions, and/or discouragement from adults.
Kids haven't experienced those pressures to the same degree yet.
Personally, I think bringing drawing back into the curriculum would be one of the best things we could do to shape a positive society. | 8c0d181d-f60f-4311-a4d1-ae3bbb10c78f |
3avqn2 | Why do children's stomachs look bloated when they are malnourished? | It's called kwashiorkor, and is caused by a protein deficiency. In normal conditions, we have proteins floating around in the blood, which causes fluid to be retained due to osmotic forces. However, this protein needs to be replenished. When it isn't, fluids will pool in the soft tissues of the body, and will cause the bloating effect in malnourished children. | 816c9023-3b24-48d9-9882-4847f36e6cbf |
8hl1lr | Where does skin allergy come from? | Allergy is a very complex proces even for specialist, but if explain it in general allergy is a defect of immune system when immune cells thinks that some safe substances are dangerous (like some food, pollen or animal fur) Immune cells are located almost everywhere in organism, also there a lot of them in skin, so if even allergen came thorough stomach or nose it still affect all the organism and make cells produce inflammatory markers which couse high temperature, swollen, redness and itching. Since skin is visible to us we can see consequences of allergy there.
Also there are some autoimmune diseases that aren't connected to special allergen, just immune system goes crazy and start local inflammation with no reason (dermatosis, eczema and others) | 8ede870a-e728-475f-ad8c-36eb403dedb1 |
8wyre4 | How do pilots know ahead of time when turbulance is going to occur? | Meteorological information can be used to predict turbulence with reasonable precision. Also, aircraft will report when encountering turbulence and air traffic control will relay that to other aircraft in the area. | ad7cdd90-df65-4848-b08e-e0a8999a6dae |
36fnb7 | Why medical establishments can charge outrageously high prices for their services, when the identical procedure can be done somewhere else for a fraction of the price? On the same note, how is it even legal for them to hide the price until they give you the bill? | > Can someone please explain to me what in the hell is going on here?
What is going on is that the American healthcare system is a sad joke. | 6d18eef2-cebc-4f76-9f49-cbd3f508e3c2 |
5b0ga1 | Why do our arms tingle when we extend or reach them too far? | Chiropractic student here. What it sounds like you're saying is simply a stretch of the nerve. When the nerve is stretched, it can stimulate it, causing it to fire. The brain interprets that signal as a tingle along the nerve and the area of the arm it supplies. A similar case is when you hit your "funny bone". What you're actually hitting is your ulnar nerve. When it's hit, it is stimulated, causing a tingling pain along the inner forearm, pinky, and half of your ring finger (this is the area that nerve supplies). | 3c1aa518-9fa9-4974-ace7-a9cb58368d3b |
7x8n3n | Why do Lithium Ion batteries lose their ability to maintain charge after many cycles of charging? | It is due to several things.
The most important is physical. During charging/discharging lithium atoms move from one electrode to the other. The lithium goes into tiny pores in a sponge like electrode, but when this happens the sponge swells up. Repeated swelling and shrinking eventually causes cracking and fractures in the electrode, degrading it.
The other main effect is chemical reaction in the electrolyte. During charging, tiny amounts of electrolyte material undergo unwanted chemical reactions with the electrode chemicals. Eventually the electrolyte gets polluted with all the byproducts of these reactions degrading it. | 1023a019-59f0-497f-8dde-9671fa512bbc |
4pbyd5 | Why is the burden of proof on the defendant instead of the accuser in the case of patent trolls? | I'm not sure I follow. The burden of proof is still on the claimant (whoever is claiming that you are infringing on their patent).
Here is a relevant excerpt from [FindLaw](_URL_0_) pertaining to US patent law:
> The patent holder bears the burden of proof to show that the defendant infringed the patent. The plaintiff must prove infringement by a preponderance of the evidence. This standard means that the greater weight of the evidence must show that the patent is infringed.
It's true that a patent holder may demand money (in the form of a patent license fee) from a business it claims is infringing on their patent without providing proof of such a claim.
However, legally the business does not need to pay up unless it is actually infringing on the patent. The business is free to dispute the claim and basically challenge the patent holder to sue the business if the patent holder genuinely thinks there is an infringement occurring.
Once the matter goes to court, it's the responsibility of the claimant/plaintiff to demonstrate that the other business is infringing on the patent / intellectual property.
If the court finds the business liable for patent infringement, then the patent holder may be able to recover damages and other expenses from the business.
If the court finds there to be no patent infringement, then the business is absolved of any liability to pay damages, license fees, etc. to the patent holder. | 61f77971-967f-439c-9f0f-44ac36f0e610 |
2f2b8w | Why do unplugging things and plugging them back in cause them to start working again? | Basically software can have small errors in it. Or hardware can occasionally error. One common problem is memory leaks.
But basically the longer something runs the more likely it will have minor errors. The longer it runs the more those errors accumulate. So turning it off, and turning it back on resets the system and will usually clear out any accumulated errors. | d0722d6f-f387-4f68-9d57-e97378def566 |
1mc50x | What's going on in Philadelphia? Why are they shutting down so many schools and rail lines and so on? | The school system is broke. That's a gigantic mess unto itself.
SEPTA isn't broke yet. The planned reduction in services would only happen in a worst-case scenario where the state doesn't give it enough future funding. It's problem is that more and more people are using it, but the state hasn't increased its funding accordingly and hasn't given it nearly enough money for its maintenance budget to upkeep rail bridges and such. | 489f9c6b-c3ab-4d1a-b26f-77cb56920964 |
2toux3 | Why do some people say, 'on accident,' and others say, 'by accident'? | Someone said "on accident" by accident, never owned up to the mistake and it caught on | 56bea679-e33c-42ff-a13c-eb618baed8cb |
19x8lq | Static vs dynamic IP address, and how an IP address differs from a Mac address | Mac address is an identifying number hard coded onto the hardware by the manufacturer.
Dynamic addresses are IP addresses automatically assigned and re-assigned by a DHCP server.
Static addresses are IP addresses assigned by the person installing the system in the IP configuration options and do not change unless some one changes them. | 5e9f0515-c44a-4541-ab9a-a6dc5d8789e6 |
2z03f2 | if diseases like hiv are blood/vector borne, why don't humans and animals in western society contract it, via mosquitoes from one person to the next? | Mosquitos (and other insects) have two tubes they pierce you with - one for injecting saliva, and another for withdrawing blood. It's basically a one-way system - fluid goes out of the insect through the saliva tube, and in through the blood tube.
This means that any viruses sucked up through the blood tube won't directly get injected into another person, because nothing comes out of that tube and goes into another person.
The way mosquitos pass on diseases such as malaria is because malaria reproduces inside the mosquito - thus it also gets into the saliva tube. HIV doesn't do this.
Because HIV doesn't get into the saliva tube, you would only receive a tiny, tiny amount if bitten after an HIV-carrier. HIV needs quite a high dose to infect someone, which is another reason why you won't get infect by mosquitos. If you did happen to get bitten just after an HIV-carrier, you'd receive about one ten-millionth of the dose needed to actually infect you. | 906b62a6-e8a0-4133-9784-01ec055b73dc |
w0qe4 | Is Valves Steam a trusted system? | Yes. There is so much money coming in from Steam that it won't go down. It's got so many big companies selling through it. If Valve can no longer keep it up, they have said that they will release a key or software to unlock all your games from steam and remove the DRM. But they probably won't have to, since there are so many that would love to buy Steam and take over control of it. I don't know if Valve would sell it, but if they wanted to, then there's a huge amount of large companies ready to grab it. | 991ab0d4-7ff0-4701-a294-499299681c99 |
j2vq2 | Can someone explain why Jesus is often one in the same as God, and why do people pray to both? | Christian doctrine describes [The Trinity](_URL_0_):
- The Father
- The Son
- The Holy Spirit (or Holy Ghost)
They are separate but one. While Jesus was distinct Jesus was, in their theology, literally God on Earth.
So, praying to Jesus is the same as praying to God. They are the same entity.
If this leads you to wonder about some other questions I am not surprised. Thinking the ramifications of that through leads to some...interesting...conclusions but I guess that is another topic. | 571afb0c-c9b4-4b7f-b5db-a4cb10544715 |
2m3z53 | Why does your stomach 'drop' when your in an elevator? | Because that's literally what happens. Your stomach has inertia, it wants to stay where it is. Your body suddenly starts moving up, it has to exert a force on your insides to get them to also move up. Same thing coming back down. | 00aa5e69-6596-4f32-802f-308cedec419f |
5jqh3d | VAT Calculation | You're not taking 20% off of the total cost. You're adding 20% to the subtotal to get your total after value-added tax. They are two very different operations.
Let's say something costs $20. If I take 10% off of that, that's $2 off of $20 for a total of $18. That's what you're doing in your second operation.
If I take something that's $18 and I add 10% to it, however, 10% of 18 is only a dollar 80, giving me a total of $19.80.
That is where you seem to be getting confused, they're conflating 10% of 250, which is 25 with 10% of 200, which is 20. The value added tax in this example is 10% of the subtotal and not 10% of the final total. That is why you must reverse the original multiplication in order to find the original subtotal
if,
x * 1.2 =y
then,
x = y/1.2
Because
X * 1.2 = y
X / 1.2 = y/1.2
X= y/1.2
It's a simple matter of Performing the same function to both sides of the equation, as you might recall if you ever took algebra and happen to remember it. The same thing applies to simple sales tax whenever you purchase something that is subject to it.
For example, where I live we have an 8% sales tax on most things. There for something that costs a dollar is subject to $.08 of sales tax for a total of 1.08
In your original example, you make the mistake of trying to subtract that 8% tax from the final total, which give you 8% of a $1.08 which is $0.14, if you round to the nearest penny. This air would lead you to incorrectly conclude that the original subtotal prior to tax were only $0.94 | e7e8a2d9-b8e2-4634-9e38-749f9830eb2d |
26ey33 | The feeling that your being watched. Like if you don't know someone is in the room but feeling like someone else is there | One theory is that your brain can be very sensitive to slight changes in how sound bounces around the room. If someone enters the room, it will slightly change the dynamics of how the room reflects sound now that there is a person in the way. You brain may be able to pick up on that slight change of noise signature and alert you that something in the room has changed and you should probably take a look around to ensure that you are not in danger. | 887755b9-1cc6-46f5-9ae1-e0c0fb591a7f |
6dzb8e | What is ETH Ethereum cryptocurrency, why it has value and what are "smart contracts"? | Ether (ETH) is a cryptocurrency, similar to bitcoin.
Ether has value as it is used to propel exchange of information on the Ethereum blockchain. As Ethereum is finding its way in to every single sector worldwide (finance, healthcare, government, humanitarianism, supplychain...). Adoption of the technology is at a pivotal point. Ether will be used to fuel smart contracts which is one of the valuable layers of the Ethereum platform.
Basically the technology behind Bitcoin is called blockchain. Vitalik Buterin looked at the tech and said, this can be so much more than a transfer of monetary value. It can be a transfer of information. Bitcoin is strictly a cryptocurrency (virtual currency). It can't do anything else other than provide payment solutions. Ethereum is a blockchain platform that allow for so much more than just a crypto payment layer.
Smart contracts, which many say is a misnomer as they are not "smart", but they are a computerized transaction protocol that self-executes the terms of a contract. If Y, then execute X...autonomously. Smart Contracts allow users to solve common problems in a way that minimizes trust. Simple examples are transferring car titles or property values, managing marriage and divorce agreements, placing bets in fantasy sports leagues, revenue disbursements via micropayments (think royalty payments), among many, many other use-cases that are much more complicated.
This is Ether and smart contracts at their bare minimum. There is so much to Ethereum!
PS. Oh and it's all decentralized, meaning no single point of failure, no censorship and its all transparent and immutable in a safe, encrypted way. | 2006fa1e-0cea-42ac-b455-92294b9f20d6 |
1ygy13 | How does someone deal with professional degrees and other resume info when in the witness protection program? | Many of them cannot. They have to take menial jobs in somewhat related fields, or start from scratch. Licences and degrees for practicing in those fields are attached to a name. If you want to change your name and keep your licence you have to notify the licencing board of the switch. Protected witnesses cannot do that. | b7f81d9a-7ecd-4d57-83a9-cafa0b1aab5d |
1xriws | A couple days ago, a 300 year old Stradivarius violin was stolen (and later found.) What would be the point of stealing something so famous that anyone who can afford the million-dollar price tag would recognize as a stolen item? | Theft by contract.
A millionaire decides that he wants something his money can't buy in a conventional way, so he pays someone to steal it for him.
He doesn't care if people know that he has it or not; the satisfaction of possession alone is worth the price he pays to have it stolen. | 843c1142-9f07-4f60-aa6a-2d4d7dbee301 |
1037gz | The Senkaku islands - Japan/China tension. | The Senkaku Islands (Diaoyu Islands in China or Tiaoyutai Islands in Taiwan) are claimed by Japan, China, and Taiwan. Officially, Japan annexed the islands in 1895 with the US taking them back in 1945 (because of World War 2) and giving them back to Japan in 1972. However, this same year is when China and Taiwan began to claim the islands as their own. Japan ended up giving the islands to a local mayor to take care of and in 2012 announced plans to fully purchase the islands back.
This has caused a lot of stress in China because of past history between China and Japan mostly because China feels Japan has never apologized appropriately enough for their actions in World War 2.
China's position:
1) We discovered the islands first.
2) We have old maps that show they belonged to us (to fight off Japanese pirates no less!)
3) When Japan took control of the islands (in 1895) the Minister of Foreign Affairs was nervous about making us mad which shows they truly belong to us.
4) Japan only claims their four major islands and any other minor islands "we" decide. The 'we' in this sentence are countries who signed the Potsdam Declaration which includes us!
5) We never agreed with the US to give Japan the islands in 1972.
Japan's position:
1) The islands are uninhabited and were not in China's control before 1895.
2) The islands are not part of Taiwan or another island group which were given to us in 1895 but we gave those back later.
3) We've controlled them since 1972.
4) You only wanted them since 1971 when the UN said there could be oil and gas nearby.
So now China is really mad with Japan for playing with this cool toy and they want it back. Both countries are too scared to immediately start a war so China is sending over a lot of fishing boats to scare Japan to see what they do. If Japan does nothing it may show China that Japan is incapable or unwilling to protect the islands. | 6fe08441-6043-4b12-a78a-720180d83bf1 |
1zlcol | Is drinking only carbonated water (no added sodium or anything in it) just as good as drinking regular water? | it's marginally worse. your body has to spend other resources like calcium to fight he acidity. | 479416d8-cbb4-42cc-a0bf-723e4b204722 |
4f22fy | If home electronics in USA is working at 110V, why do we use 220V electric current in Europe. Isn't 110V more energy efficient? | Higher voltages are generally more efficient because they reduce the current needed to deliver a required number of watts, and lower current means less power lost to heat in the wires. That's why pylons carry thousands of volts rather than 110V or 220V. On the other hand, lower voltages are safer because a smaller current will pass through your body if you get a shock. | 16d69b42-a920-4e99-93e3-0d3be8059e89 |
k29xt | Thomas Aquinas Five Proofs | 1. If an object is moving, something must have put it in motion (here motion stands for transformation).
2. There must be a **primary** "thing" that started motion. An object cannot put itself in motion. So this primary thing must be God.
3. There are things that are not useful (everything), but since they exist, they need a necessary object which started their existence. This necessary thing is God. ("necessary" means something that must exists and cannot change; all the things in the universe change, so they are not "useful", or "contingent")
4. Everything has different degrees of perfection. For example, the sun is only partially perfect. The Creator is completely perfect.
5. There are things which don't have intelligency. Whatever lacks intelligence cannot move towards an end, unless it is directed by someone who has intelligence and knowledge. So, a intelligent being exists, and we call this being God.
______________
Contradiction:
1 & 2 & 3 Big assumptions. It's not so obvious that there was a first cause that started motion. The universe could be an eternal and infinite whirl.
4 This in not even demonstrable. Perfection is subjective.
5 Big assumption: all the things in the universe have a purpose. Is it true? | dee4fc78-028c-45fd-9195-2154fcffec6e |
6jwz4n | why do people say that we are violating the constitutional rights of illegal immigrants? Don't the constitutional rights only apply to U.S. citizens?? | Often described as a "living document," the Constitution has repeatedly been interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court, federal appeals courts and Congress in order to address the ever-changing needs and demands of the people. While many argue that "We the People of the United States," refers only to legal citizens, the Supreme Court has consistently disagreed.
Edit: far back as 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:
*
“The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution is not confined to the protection of citizens. It says: ’Nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law.’ These provisions are universal in their application to all persons within the territorial jurisdiction, without regard to any differences of race, of color, or nationality; and the equal protection of the laws is a pledge of the protection of equal laws.”* | 3e26b21a-29d3-47a2-84a6-d199a57be674 |
1ummwf | Can someone explain the physical pain I experience when I accompany my wife on a long shopping day? It's different from normal headaches but I wonder why. And IT'S REAL! (Does anyone get this?) | I wonder of its exposure to certain fluorescent lights. I get that, too. Not every florescent light does it. I'm not really willing to do the trial and error to figure it out. :)
I would have never realized it was the lights if I hadn't known others with the same problem.
Anecdotal story time: I was taking an evening class for funsies, a few weeks in they changed the lighting in the room, the first class with new lights, the gentleman teaching got a crazy headache, the sweats, went pale, and passed out. He thought he was getting sick, let us out early, no big deal. It kept happening to him in that room. Finally he asked them to use some floor lamps instead of the new fluorescent lights in the ceiling, and he was fine. I had no idea it was a thing before that. | 0d338295-23d3-4d46-9401-e1630f0f0aa8 |
3eayoj | Nasa want to send a wind-powered robot to Jupiter. How does this work when there's no wind in space? | There's no wind in space, but there's wind in Jupiter's atmosphere, just like there's wind here on Earth. The probe will reach Jupiter the same way that other probes have been sent to planets before. | 078adb71-b2c0-4256-9114-e896632dd09b |
390kzp | The feeling in my throat when im holding back tears | When you're about to cry, your brain detects that your body is under stress. It automatically sends signals out into your nervous system, including one to **increase air intake**.
The opening in your throat that leads down to your lungs gets wider, to accommodate deeper breathing and so on. The shaking feeling is possibly down to your swallowing muscles spasming against the opening muscles. | fafcff59-cca1-4d18-a928-e69c7640df19 |
47f1lz | how can animated shows, like the simpsons, be cranked out episode after episode so fast? | They're all being worked on simultaneously. This way, every episode is in the same stage of production at the same time which greatly cuts down the amount of chaos and time spent in total. How do you think shows that are Netflix originals can release all the episodes at once? It's kind of the same thing but on TV, they spread the episodes out weekly. I understand why they use to do it but now I feel like a week is too long to wait inbetween episodes. I guess that's why traditional TV is failing.... | e56b876a-c8da-4e19-9f98-5f40290690a9 |
1setsv | Why is there such a huge gender gap among Wikipedia editors? | I had no idea this was true.
It suggests a problematic bias in Wikipedia. | e553b2f0-b7f1-46f6-a0d4-bd1e1f25bfe7 |
49iu3n | We have 4G on phones and tablets that allows us to access the internet anywhere, so why can't we have the same for laptops? | You can. You can get 4g dongles for them. You have to sign up to a data plan for it and away you go.
Presumably they are not usually built into laptops because most people use laptops where WiFi is available. | 12f83028-53d0-41e2-a0c2-eff76fc6d064 |
1ivne3 | The proper technique for caring for your teeth. | I work in a dental office.
*You should brush at least twice a day.
*A soft bristled tooth brush is recommended because the bristles can flex more than a hard bristled brush.
*The "proper" brushing technique they taught us in school is the "modified bass technique" when I'm sure you can find videos of.
*You should floss at least twice a day before brushing. I know that it is hard and sometime unrealistic.
*If its hard for you to floss at night right before bed because you are tired try to floss earlier in the day some flossing is better then none.
*Make sure when you are flossing you are not just sticking the floss between your teeth. You have to actually try to scrape the yucky stuff off your teeth.
*Bleeding gums is actually caused by not flossing enough, the more you floss the less bleeding you will have.
*Using a mouth wash twice a day can also help kill germs that cause bad breath. But if you use a mouth wash that has alcohol it can dry out your mouth.
* You should also brush your tongue and roof of your mouth.
Floss, brush, and rinse at least twice a day after meals. Use a soft bristle tooth brush or an electric tooth brush :)
P.S. I tried to make this a list but when I pressed reply it didn't look like a list anymore thats why there are all those little stars. Sorry, I clearly don't know how to type. | 17351b0e-5692-4b92-814b-0d12c7c5e67b |
4doecl | What is happening inside the brain during lucid dreaming? | Dreaming is kind of like an altered state of consciousness. You're still conscious, but you're dreaming, and there's different areas of the brain that are activated and other parts that are shut down.
Being drunk is a good example: when you're drunk you fall a few levels down the consciousness scale, physiologically and mentally. You say weird things, you lose your inhibitions, your blood pressure slows down and your heating/cooling mechanisms get wonky. I know when I'm drunk I get these feelings of 'coming to' like suddenly you're aware. Or people get blackout drunk and don't remember anything even though it did happen. Some drugs do this to an even bigger extent.
There's not been a super lot of research on it, but I reckon it's the same. You're low on the consciousness scale, but you can still be self-aware. The areas when you're REM-sleeping (time most likely for lucid dreaming to occur) there's a lot of brain activity going on, and from what I remember there are only slight differences from an 'awake' brain during REM sleep.
I've lucid dreamed a bit and there was no difference when I realized I was sleeping, and I could even feel myself lying in bed. It was super weird. Weirder even is that I forgot about it a few seconds later. Like a brief second of "Woah, I'm in a dream bathroom." and then I was just regular dreaming again. | 25486972-a083-4ed5-846a-f635a30ddc30 |
1n97zw | Why Don't I Have Nightmares Anymore? | More recent research shows that dreams and nightmares are a playground for your mind to play out scenarios so you can "learn" to react. Basically, your mind is having a dream or nightmare based on your awake moments. This "database" for a lack of a better word is used to build the dreams and nightmares. If your database contains lots of frightful thoughts it will play out a nightmare scenario but the older you get the better you are at coping with dangerous or unexpected situation. For example, if you are young and have never met a wolf face to face you may have a nightmare about it in which you run until you get away or are killed. Either way you wake up and the next time you have that dream you should be better equipped to handle the situation. Maybe after actually coming face to face with a wolf you can understand that the fear can be resolved by not running but by using the solution your used in real life. I'd say nightmares arise from unresolved stressed. Your brain is just trying to help you resolve them through scenario play so you can find a solution when awake. | c584a101-cc8b-4128-842e-63d166f5aa36 |
4jja69 | Chemically, how does water stop fire from burning? | Two ways
Firstly, fire needs heat, water absorbs and disperses heat really well.
Secondly, fire needs oxygen, waters oxygen is really hard for fire to get ahold of, amf it stops free oxygen in the air from reaching the fire. | 3b2ab58d-62fc-404d-ad6b-f6c1c27496e7 |
2c1nvk | The legality of marijuana in US states. | The federal constitution clearly states that states cannot override federal law. States can be more restrictive, but cannot allow something the federal government says is illegal.
The decriminalization of marijuana by the states is illegal. The federal government has marched their forces in to arrest and shut down operations, but so far on a very small scale.
Public opinion is clearly in favor of decriminalization and limiting resources spent on the "war on drugs". States are slowly telling the federal government to fuck off, illegally decriminalizing, and not wasting resources on john doe pot smoker. It's a protest. The federal government lacks the resources to enforce the law no one but the lobbyists want.
Yep. Our federal government is so fucked that nearly equally fucked state governments are protesting. | 76d1f608-e4ef-4cd1-aa53-fa618a59090e |
85fyg5 | when someone has a higher alcohol tolerance than someone else, what’s the difference on a molecular level? | There's these tiny little molecules in your body that break alcohol down into not-alcohol (alcohol dehydrogenase). some people have more of these little worker buddies than others. A lot of it is genetic. Old people have less. | 66de5429-f130-4cd0-bda4-b2e72043e14f |
4475ou | How is it possible for Cam Newton to pay a 198.8% tax rate, as claimed by Forbes? | He's not paying all of those taxes on his Super Bowl winnings. He's paying taxes on his normal salary too. And his normal salary is about $20 million a year, so even a small fraction of that is more than what winning the Super Bowl pays.
The article's point is that, if he *weren't* playing in the Super Bowl in California, he wouldn't have to pay California state taxes. | 3c59e08b-59e4-4072-b87a-dd5e214d3b7a |
q0p4h | The difference between the processor and memory of a computer? | **Like you're 5**:
Processor - does the sums.
Memory - is the paper on which the sums are written. | 25f931e1-0051-4bfe-b8d6-ab91ac14756a |
2364in | [META] Concerning Explanations. | can you give me example? because everything i see here is simplified as far it can be. | 6523aed5-4723-40f6-b11b-b08650787da5 |
2jqtwb | why are gas prices going down so quickly? | They always do this time of year...
Colder weather climates require a different fuel octane ratio or a car wouldn't be able to start. The increase in regular gas lowers the demand and therefore the price. | 31565de3-20e0-4756-87f9-5a7bea0e2345 |
3uxejp | Climate change, how is the earth warming, and making some parts colder at the same time? | Climate change can, among other things, alter prevailing trends in global wind currents. For instance, some studies in Europe have suggested that the loss of sea ice could contribute to a phenomenon where artic air currents predominate more steadfastly over Northern Europe than they do now.
So even though the Earth as a whole is getting warmer, the immediate consequence for Britain, for instance, is that they'd be getting 'slightly warmer arctic air' which is still a heck of a lot colder than the 'slightly warmer temperate air' they currently get. | b811539c-6406-4d24-840e-28b323591659 |
57msek | How come the British colonization of Ireland was able to spread the English language but not religion? | It did spread religion. England was originally Catholic, and they spread that Catholicism to Ireland. Then, during the rule of Henry the 8th, England split from the Catholic church, so that Henry could get divorced and remarried. That's how you get the Church of England. | ba2ace46-739e-4b20-95df-9a1c74483ab0 |
2imgkm | why does a coke machine sometimes give me 2 cans instead of one? | It's just a basic cost-risk trade-off. A more accurate machine costs more money than a less accurate machine. Soda is cheap, so giving one out for free every once in a while is less costly than buying the expensive machine.
That being said, If you are regularly getting 20 cokes from the machine it is likely in a state of disrepair. | 1d032e48-3772-48bd-be82-4a8657bfdda3 |
54e5wm | How do UV lamps dry nail polish? | There are groups of materials that react in a specific way to certain circumstances. Sometimes it's water, sometimes it's air, sometimes its light etc.
It's mostly related to the way the material is built, internal structure, how particles are arranged and connected.
In this case, there is a substance called photoinitiator added to the gel. Photoinitiators react when exposed to certain wavelengths of UV lights.
This means that when just a right type of light come in, it fiddles with particles inside the materials and forces them to throw out a part of them called electrons(or putting it more simply just emiting a certain type of energy). When those electrons are thrown out, they start to react with actual gel, causing what is called a polymerization rection.
Thanks to that additional energy, the molecules(the very small parts in the material) start to form chains. So instead of just floating around, molecules start to connect together in large groups, which makes the material solid instead of liquid. | 6e41cb53-1694-4743-aa38-4feaf99b2aa1 |
1ii74t | Why if our body temperature is 98.6* do we sweat and feel hot if it is 90* outside? | There are lots of chemical reactions going on inside your body at any given time, and most of them generate heat. In fact, since your body is thick and solid (as these things go), and made mostly of water (which holds heat very well), you generate enough heat raise your body temperature above 98.6 easily.
Much like a computer, you need a heat sink to keep yourself from warming up beyond what you're designed to handle. That heat sink is your skin. But in order for a heat sink to work, there has to be a pretty big difference between the temperature it's trying to cool and the temperature it's bleeding that heat into.
The body is designed to function most easily at around what we call 'room temperature.' We set it at that *because* it's easy to maintain without extra work, and it's therefore comfortable. Below that, you start getting cold, and your body kicks into gear to produce more heat. At the extreme it will cause you to shiver, because muscle contractions produce a *lot* of heat. When it's warmer than that, your body can't shed enough heat to keep your internal temperature right, so it has to go into sweat mode to get rid of more. | 501c7a38-d6b1-460b-8687-b2b4631052cc |
5pb5zq | do vegetables, or meats take longer to digest, and why? | Digestion is the process of breaking up food into a form that can be absorbed by your body. There are 3 major groups that we distinguish in the type of the food we digest. Sugars, proteins and fats. Both meats and vegetables can contain all 3 of them and depending on the type of the meat or vegetable in different amounts. Sugars are the easy ones - you start breaking them up in your mouth with enzymes in your saliva. Try to chew a piece of bread crust for a few minutes, you should start to feel sweet taste because big and tasteless sugars are broken up to a sweeter and smaller - easier to digest mono-sugars. Proteins are also quite easy to digest, you digest them and sugars in your stomach. But it still takes a bit longer to digest proteins than sugars. The hardest thing to digest are fats because they are insoluble in water and they have to be emulgated first - broken up to drops so small that their surface area is big enough to be digested.
EDIT:
There are vegetables that will take much longer to digest than almost fat free meat and there are vegetables that will be digested a few times quicker than a fatty steak so the answer is... it depends. | e54588f8-435f-4d3e-8465-62d0a5f2486d |
1x5he2 | The difference between 4WD HI and 4WD LO. | 4 Low is a lower gear set, for when you need more power. You're using a gear set that moves more pulling power to the tires, in exchange for extremely limited speed.
4 high is a higher gear set, for when you want power to all 4 tires, but don't want to be as limited in your speed.
It's the 4WD equivalent of first and second gear vs drive or higher gears. | 668a1471-7b70-4065-8b61-5d1425efe484 |
809h9l | If there isn't such thing as a sugar high, then what causes you to act hyper after eating candy or drinking a can of coke? | [Peer pressure and placebo, mostly.](_URL_0_) Similar experiment involving non-alcoholic beer produced "tipsy" people even though the drinks contained absolutely no alcohol.
Look at people who drink vitamin water/fruit juices which contain almost as much sugar yet don't act hyper since they believe they aren't drinking sugar. | e88011dd-71e3-475b-b809-7408c2146625 |
2xsx6k | Why do computers, as they get older, slow down even if there are no viruses/spyware on them? | Computers don't get slower. Badly written OSs get slower. This is particularly a problem with Windows OSs but it is not confined to them. Its just more prevalent in them because of the architecture of the constantly updated shared libraries and registry. There are a couple of things that slow down windows machines over time: 1) additional updates adding bug fixes and new features which take more resources than the original 2) a growing registry that is not properly cleaned up as applications and the applications updates are added then removed. 3) backwards compatibility, windows libraries are always changing and in order for older apps to function the old versions of libraries have to be kept as new ones are added this adds to the resources used and the size of the registry.
Yes if you were to do a complete restore and then not do the updates and not install any applications it would be just as fast. However you would be foolish not to do the updates as they are there to correct problems and protect the computer from exploits discovered over time. You probably couldn't function like that. The app you bought last week wouldn't work because it expects .NET 45 not .NET 12 that came with the OS. As soon as you put the computer on the internet some malicious web site (that porn site you use) is going to take advantage of the lack of updates and install spyware/malware which itself will slow down the machine. | 1cb4e038-4070-484d-a928-63d6db9834f5 |
6odo4n | Why do movie studios disclose everything about their movies' budgets and revenue but game studios don't do the same for their games? | Movie studios generally don't disclose everything about their budgets. The stuff you see is just a publicly releasable number regarding an approximation of the production cost of the movie. Thats just one aspect of the overall process, and its a fundamental part of the movie processes, so its often a pretty well known number, its not secret.
Now, the rest of the money involved in making the movie, marketing it, distributing it, paying people out, all of that... well, you *never* see that publicly, ever.
Game studios are unrelated. Movies are unique beasts. Asking why a game studio doesn't do this is like why asking the grocery store how much it costs to sell you milk. | 6896430c-7f02-487b-9528-9ab1773f2bcd |
1zkm4o | How does Hand Sanitizer work, and how effective is it? | The active ingredient in most hand sanitizers is is isopropyl alcohol, which works by disrupting the lipid structure in cell membranes. It's also quite effective against common viruses since they are usually enveloped in a phospholipid shell as well.
It's [quite effective](_URL_0_) with some caveats. | 7122b758-095e-4cfc-ab8c-7e409b890245 |
2fnqhs | Why do phones need SIM cards? Do they actually allow connection or are they just data storages? | Well 'need' is a strong word. Technically they don't need one, and they can make a 911/999/112 call just fine without one if they're in range of a tower.
Your carrier requires it because it's a means of authentication. It's reasonably secure for use as an identification. The SIM is how the network knows your phone from the others, and how it knows to bill your account for the usage.
They could move to other means of doing the same thing, but I don't really see the point. It's really convenient for some people that you can just take one SIM out and put in another at-will. People that are regularly in different countries could just keep an account open with two carriers and swap their SIM to use the account for their current country for example. | 02fc07de-e8ca-4ce4-9da2-09f4dcf36cb0 |
2h3diy | why planets rotate on a flat plain? | The solar system was developed from a cloud of gas. That cloud of gas condensed and started to spin for whatever reason (gravimetrics are very interesting.)
The condensing and spinning flattened out the cloud. The center became the sun, and the remainder of the cloud that wasn't taken into the sun became the 8 major planets of the solar system, all in the same plane that the original gas cloud condensed and spun into.
Now, interestingly enough, Uranus, the 7th planet, is tilted almost 90 degrees to the plane of it's orbit. It sort of 'rolls' around the solar system, instead of spinning like a top. This is due to some event in it's history. It is suspected some sort of collision, but we really don't actually know. We can only theorize. It still orbits similar to the other 7 planets. | 149b8fa4-445d-4f98-b9f6-9d376f3aca54 |
4cffmh | Why is Indonesia's lung cancer rate so low (58th) despite the incredibly high smoking rate there (80.2% of males) | The average life expectancy in Indonesia is about 70 to 71 years, according to Google.
Also, according to google, the average age of diagnosing Cancer is about 70. Also, 2 out of 3 People that are diagnosed with lung cancer are above 65 years old, according to google.
People in Indonesia just die earlier, before they get lung cancer.
Edit:
As many people said, they don't die before they get lung cancer, they die before they are diagnosed with lung cancer, a bad wording on my part. Of course there are many factors that come into play, like the actual rate of diagnosing lung cancer. But much of it simply comes down to the age of death. | d86edbe7-ae0a-48d8-91c4-a46b4fbe2b15 |
2lhr0y | How come skin cancer stays in your body? | Sun damage hits various parts of the skin and predisposes you to skin cancer (of various kinds). The most common are basal cell carcinomas that don't often invade to become malignant. But can come back. There are also genetic factors and past history factors that can make them more likely to recur (like having a history of really bad sunburns growing up) or having genetic traits that can make it more likely to happen.
Skin cancer is a result of abnormal cell growth. Your cells in your skin are always growing and shedding the outer layer. So the cells on the bottom layer that start growing have a chance to have damaged DNA or the predisposing trait within them, and change into a cancer. This is why they seem to appear out of nowhere. | e183024d-3576-47d3-9cec-2140dd821817 |
29r7n6 | Why are electric cars and hybrids, which have more powerful motors, quieter than power drills and blenders? | The power tools and such might be using brushed motors which are notoriously louder than the brushless design I would imagine a serious car would use. | 749a422c-a953-436c-9778-a04dbaf9dc51 |
57sxh6 | For this year's U.S. election, why are some states considered "battleground" states? | Others have talked about how many states are either strongly republican or strongly democratic, making the few that could go either way more important.
But what's alluded to but understated is the significance of the "winner take all" approach that applies to all but two states. If a state is likely to be 60% democratic and 40% republican, and there's little or no chance to change that to 50/50, then that means the 60% democrats will result in 100% of the electoral votes going to the democratic candidate. There's simply no value in the republicans investing time or money there if it's clear that the best they'll be able to do might be 45% of the vote. And likewise for a state that's 60% republican.
Thus they put the most effort into the state's that are close to 50/50. | 9825e2ec-8ef7-48ab-b13a-001a0515d7fa |
2690wh | Why do classic arcade machines have players look at the screen through a mirror rather than looking directly at the monitor? | Those monitors were HUGE. If they had put them facing you, the back of the machine would have poked out really far, so they put them in the bottom, reversed the image (so everything wouldn't be backwards), aimed them up and have you look at the reflection. Basically, they did it to save space. | 8cd05884-18d4-4da2-9f7e-f7a3c7641062 |
3mt6gl | How come prisoners in supermax prisons where they're not allowed to talk to anybody don't all go crazy? | They do. It's a real issue, solitary confinement causes massive mental trauma on those inflicted by it. | fe64bbf1-abd3-4126-84d1-9a08f2b2836b |
56ygjc | What is adrenaline and why does it do what it does? | I'll defer to Wikipedia for a good explanation of all the hormonal goodness of epinephrine/adrenaline: _URL_0_
But in terms of the average human not being able to flip cars for fun, think of your body just like any other machine, a car for instance. You can get great performance out of your car by driving it unsafely and pushing it past its design specifications. After a while, you'll see the engine start to break down after being revved too much. The fact that your body MAY be able to lift a car indicates the exact 100% physical capacity of that machine (just like trying to drag race in your Toyota Corolla). There are many mechanisms in your body that prevent your muscles from developing this maximum force in order to prevent your body from tearing itself apart. In true "fight or flight" situations, your body releases more of this reserve since the options are between ripping apart your joints (which gives you a chance at survival) or certain death. | d658d2b8-ff89-4549-b3db-bda3babfc6fe |
1zeh96 | Why do accents exist, and how did they develop | Going back hundreds of years a lot of people would never go more than a few miles from home. Communities tended to keep to themselves.
So throw in a language to two communities that are a distance apart, fast forward the clock through decades and centuries, wouldn't it be even stranger if - after all that time - the two communities evolved the way they spoke in exactly the same way? Yes. So they end up talking differently.
It's not the only factor. I live in the UK. Our island has been conquered many times, but often the conquering people only managed to take control of certain areas, not the whole British Isles, so the way the conquering people spoke had a major influence in some areas but far less influence in the areas they didn't touch.
Often when communities have different accents they have a fair few different words for things also. | 75ab68f6-bb8a-4692-a1a3-7ad92ebe8db9 |
1v6mj2 | How and why inflation works the way it does | I did explain in another thread quite recently how it works. Inflation is what follows when the money market and the goods market isn't in its balance. That happens when more money is printed, than new goods are created. By printing massive amounts of money, while all goods together stay on the same level your money will become less worth. You can think of it from a supply and demand perspective. If there is only one pear on the market but hundreds of apples, your pear will be worth many apples (when there is demand, but lets just assume everyone likes pears more than apples). Now just assume your apples arent apples anymore but money, then your money would be worth much less than the pear. However if you switch that around and you have more pears then money, your money would be way more worth than the pear.
As for deflation, it happens. One good example is japan at this time. Deflation is "uglier" for the economy than inflation (if there is the normal inflation rates and no super inflation) - since the consumer will not consume anymore but safe his money. Because why not? You can almost guarantee that your money will become worth more tomorrow, if you just wait. So better don't buy anything today, but tomorrow, as it will be cheaper. And with that there are no real investments which go into the economy, hence the economy crashes much easier than it would do by inflation.
Edit (comment on another topic - why dont countries just print money to pay for debts):
> As stated below, it would cause a massive inflation if you just print out money in an uncontrolled way. E.g. Germany did do so in the 1920's, which caused a massive inflation. People would get their money and not even one hour later it was worth the half. That caused the german economy to move back from printed money, so that most of the people would trade goods again, until a new currency was introduced. It did help to pay for the damages of WWI however, since you had to pay billions of Mark (old currency and fictive amount of money) which was then less than a few cents. Since that point on you can't just pay your country debts by printing new money, since the inflation is calculated into the contracts (history teaches, at least money wise). As for the act itself, there has to be balance between money and goods. Once you start printing huge amounts of money, your goods will be "worth" much much more of that currency, since the amount of goods still remains the same, but the amount of money has increased. Otherwise, if the amount of goods increase and the amount of money stays the same your goods will have a lower price (since money is now worth more). Hope that answers your question.
As for todays biggest inflation, just take a look at zimbabwe, _URL_0_ heres a picture which shows the inflation of the Z$ vs. the €. | c9bfd83b-045f-46f5-90bd-e7678bcc3220 |
7y7t0w | Why does putting salt on a slug kill it? | > I'm comfortable with the idea of diffusion (by which I understand that, due to the continued random movement of particles, a given substance will spread out in a fluid until there is no concentration gradient in the container).
This is the key to understanding osmosis, along with the idea that **water is no exception to this rule**. The salt ions will try to move from one side of the slug's skin to the other until they're evenly distributed ... but they can't, because the slug's skin doesn't allow salt to cross. But the skin doesn't block the movement of water molecules, and they behave just like the salt: they move from one side of the slug's skin to the other until they're equal in concentration. The salty slime on the skin has a *lower concentration* of water than the inside of the slug, so water moves outward to make the concentrations equal. | 164f82dc-77b9-492a-bb76-8586ac39a089 |
2kr0vi | Why do stars twinkle if the light we're seeing is from thousands of years ago and most things aren't big enough to block its light? | Stars twinkle due to atmospheric interference. If you've ever seen "heat waves" shimmering above a road, you're seeing a similar principle at work. Gasses can cause interference with light passing through them. In the case of a twinkling star, you're seeing the atmosphere scattering the light as it passes through. | d4a55e6d-d5c4-4040-8908-58609fd3a843 |
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