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c5e94a | If Satan is punishing the bad guys, doesn't that make him a good guy? | He isn't. In the Bible, Satan gets punished during end times and is in no way in charge of Hell | 8953ae99-f135-4075-b867-215f641b7956 |
c5elvv | Republican Party in Civil War was Northern States, why is so much of their support base now in Southern States | The change started in the late 1940s when Truman (a Democrat) desegregated the military. Then they became the party leading the Civil Rights movement under Johnson (also a Democrat) in the 1960s. Nixon and the Republicans decided to appeal to the southern conservatives who still opposed integration and equal rights. And at the same time there was a lot of population movement with black people in the south moving to the north for better job opportunities in factories. | 2c7d525c-a8dd-4030-a65c-59734b8f93fe |
c5endt | How exactly is body heat produced via exercise? | Heat is a by product of every machine because nothing is 100% efficient. Your joints, muscles, and organs are producing heat from various means like friction and chemical reactions. When you exercise your metabolism also speeds up which increases your baseline heat production. The reason heat is released when you metabolize things is basically the same reason why heat is released when you burn things. Energy is stored in what you eat, in fat, etc and when it's released heat is a byproduct. So when you're exercising you're releasing more energy and therefore more heat. | 844ce588-9de0-4257-a625-d31a05dc3653 |
c5eobb | How did ancestors get remembered on ofrendas pre-photography? | I believe they would use drawings or paintings of the person but also objects the deceased may have owned or loved. | 69d47c96-10d1-4d0f-bb71-b3b377834e1f |
c5eun4 | there is this famous map of the universe. How did they make it of there are no signals we can send that far? | The short answer is that all the light has already traveled to Earth.
& #x200B;
The long answer will explain some questions you might have.
& #x200B;
Q: If the light has already traveled to Earth, then why can't we see beyond the current "observable universe"?
A: The universe is current expanding faster than light can travel. In this case, its physically impossible for light beyond to ever reach our eyes. It's a weird thing because according to physics, objects further away from the center should slow down rather than speed up. Instead, the universe acts in a balloon. Draw a point in a the center of a deflated balloon. Then blow into the balloon a bit and only allow it to expand a little. Now draw points around the center point. Keep blowing the balloon and you'll see the center point has not moved, but the points outside has, and at an exponential rate.
& #x200B;
Q: Does this mean that the map of the universe is technically not in real time?
A: Correct. The map of the universe is actually spread out in a cluster of time. The further out it is from Earth, the longer the area has existed for. However there are multiple testings that have been done to try to make the map as current time as possible. | 1083562a-e723-4d6f-9498-6d4b4bed28e0 |
c5ezri | If the sun would suddenly disappear, how can we still orbit around it for 8 minutes or longer? | We call the finite speed limit in our universe the “speed of light”, but in reality it’s the “maximum speed of information”. No information (light rays, gravity waves, blocks of matter, etc) can move faster than this limit or causality would cease to exist.
Imagine the sun is constantly beaming out “gravity information” to the earth. If the signal is cut (ie the sun disappears), the beam stops sending information. But the information which has already been sent is en-route to earth, at light-speed.
After 8 minutes, the tail end of the beam reaches earth and the flow of information stops. We then notice 2 things simultaneously, all light from the sun would disappear, and the gravity from the sun is gone. | a46358ad-219e-4dfb-8d3e-698314640ead |
c5f5qt | how does blue light glasses stop people from getting migraines from screens? | eye doc here. to my knowledge, they do not. Blue light has been proven to be bad for your eyes in high concentration (can contribute to macular degeneration). It also messes with your sleep cycle. This is probably just false advertising. By the way, turning down the amount of blue from your screens does the same thing. | d228a850-7aff-4f3b-a441-f6f72e52dab9 |
c5fbxv | why do songs get stuck in our head and play on loop mode? | Its called an Earworm. Seeing a word or image that reminds you of a song can get an earworm (10-30 seconds of a song loopong) in your head. Its because songs are like patterns and your brain kind of runs it on a loop until you distract it with something else. Its pattern repetition that your brain is doing when it repeats the song in a loop.
Its not a great scientific explanation sorry - but its the best way i can think of to explain it. | e37d0cd4-1c34-4165-9258-3e8fe5534108 |
c5gk7w | what is project vertías and why have they been the the news recently? | They are a far right undercover "investigative journalism" group. They recently let out some information that certain players at Google were considering altering search yields and functions along with suggested content towards users that they deemed to be Nazi's or Nazi sympathizers such as Ben Shapiro and Jordan Peterson. This is gaining traction from the right wing because Ben Shapiro and Jordan Peterson are not Nazi's, in fact Ben would make an odd one being a Jew. | 50ebe7d2-2260-4453-a8d5-7aa9e3ce9784 |
c5gkjj | where do ants go when it snows? | They eat a lot before winter to put on fat and they hibernate either in the soil or the bark of trees. When warmer temperatures come with spring and summer they become active again.
Usually they also close the entrance of nests to preserve heat. | 65bc5c24-3185-47af-a2f1-d18c5a400058 |
c5gmy9 | Why can some animals cross breed between them, while others cannot. For example, donkeys and horses can breed to give a mule, but nothing comes out if your breed humans and chimpanzees. | There may be different reasons. For humans and chimpanzees we have differences in the chromosomes that don't allow us to breed. it's like trying to plug a USB cable into a micro USB port, they're similar, but the differences don't allow for the mix.
Now, with donkeys and horses they can have a mule, but consider that the mule can't breed, it's sterile. So while some animals can breed, they aren't meant to, and are still to some extent incompatible. | f3cdd27c-b3e7-41a3-8739-50dc0ef2a8a3 |
c5gqx7 | Why does the USA have so many nuclear power plants, despite only producing 9.6% of its electricity from nuclear? | Your numbers are off. Us has 98 REACTORS, but only 60 PLANTS. France has 58 REACTORS in 18 PLANTS. By compairing the number of reactors in the us to the number of plants in France, you are greatly skewing the data. Let's compare apples to apples here, shall we? The US has 98 reactors for 327 million people, which France has 58 reactors for 67 million people. France has half the ractors, but 1/4 of the people. To put it another way, the US has one reactor for every 3.3 million people, while France has 1 reactor for every 1.6 million people. When you adjust for the populations size and use actual proper comparisons instead of comparing two completely different things, the US has half the nuclear reactors that France does.
So no, the USA does not have very many nuclear power plants at all.
EDIT. I reversed the France number. France has one reactor per .8 million, so twice the density I was saying. | e60b321e-46e7-404a-899c-76091d93e4c7 |
c5h51t | What happens to money hidden in offshore accounts when the account holder dies? | They have lawyers on top of lawyers that take care of the estate planning. More likely than not, the account is in a corporation's name, not a person's name. Corporate entities live on despite founders or majority shareholders dying. | 576fbf28-e185-48bd-accc-6c595797369c |
c5h5el | Why do some blood tests need to be done from a specific arm, when blood in the body circulates so quickly? | Blood tests don't need to come from a specific arm.
If you're having multiple draws performed, they may switch arms between the draws to reduce the amount of punctures in a single arm (though it's preferable to get all the necessary blood from a single draw). And if they're testing for an infection that could involve a diagnosis of sepsis, they'll draw from both arms to compare the two and see if the infection is system-wide. And it may just be that a person has veins that are easier to find and draw from in one arm.
But there are no blood tests that need to be from a specific arm. They don't even need to be from an arm at all. | 25f12764-739c-4205-abac-a0b0b2703266 |
c5h5kc | Why do celebrities change their names, at what point do they decide to change it, why do some choose not to? | Sometimes there's someone who's name is the same as yours and you change it to avoid confusion.
Example, Katy Perry's real name is Kate Hudson, just like the actor. Maybe for legal contracts or so people don't think the singer is also acting, they take on a unique name.
Other times, somebody thinks they would have more success with a *flashy* name, instead of Richard Stafmeyer, they become "*Rik Diesel*", rock god!
**Edit:** To hopefully avoid discrimination, Ramón (Gerardo Antonio) Estévez became Martin Sheen.
The author of the book "The Outsiders" used the name S.E. Hinton because she felt that nobody would take a book by an 18 yr old named Susan, seriously.
Harper Lee dropped her first name, "Nelle" (sounds like Nell) because she didn't want to have to hear it constantly mispronounced as "Nellie". | 693b99c2-6420-4d44-8f56-119c5bec096e |
c5h71s | How do anticonvulsants like lamotrigine help people with bipolar disorder? | As with everything psychiatry, and especially with bipolar disorder, we don't *really know* why anything helps. Lithium is the primary treatment and nobody has literally any idea what lithium even does to your brain.
In kind of *general*, the theory is that anticonvulsants basically slow the brain down. They put the brakes on. Bipolar has two phases: the manic phase, where the brain runs 100 times faster than it should, and the depressing phase, where the brain slows down and you get depressed. Lamotrigine prevents the manic phase of bipolar, but has no effect on the depressing phase. Lamotrigine is considered an "antimanic" drug for treatment of bipolar, not a comprehensive treatment, like lithium is. | e36258be-a460-461f-9606-9b80d8157574 |
c5hfap | Why is it "bedroom" and "bathroom" but not "livingroom" and "diningroom"? | Where are you from that it isn't livingroom and diningroom?
EDIT: my dumbass didn't realise it was about the space between the words or not, and thougut that it was a different word entirely somewhere else. | b820e7a5-e73c-4e7d-b747-023398d2689b |
c5hoar | How can certain animals breed with others like donkey with a horse to make a mule, or zebra with a horse to make a Zorse, but other animals cannot? | Horses and donkeys/zebras are close enough genetically for their offspring to be viable. The same is true with dogs and wolves, or lions and tigers... but not with dogs and foxes, or cats and badgers. | 06bd7734-ca2b-404f-8bdd-03d15c7c2a47 |
c5hraa | How bad were British Workhouses? | Before the welfare state this was how poor people survived when they had no assets and were out of work. The food was pretty poor and families were split up, however it was better than being out on the streets. | 888a4e06-baa9-4025-a7b4-856bcd90ca99 |
c5hxhx | Why can’t saltwater aquatic life live in freshwater and vice versa? | Because the liquid within the cells need to be the same as the salt content of the water.
This is because the salt level or lack of salt in the water causes their cells to either shrivel up (called hypertonic cells) or enlarge (called hypotonic cells), which leads to their death because they cannot function as needed.
If the water outside of the cells has the same solution as inside the cell, it is called isotonic. This means they are able to function properly.
Some sharks, bull sharks for instance, can osmoregulate. This means that they can balance the solution within their cells to the same level as the water they are currently in.
Pretty neat huh!? | 6aa8d4d5-ca49-4ad4-a13f-2f67ba79f11a |
c5hyaf | After the successful cloning of Dolly the sheep over 2 decades ago, why are there still difficulties in cloning humans? | It's not that they can't clone humans, it's that they don't. Nobody is trying.
Human cloning is broadly illegal, and still unethical upon in places where it might be done. Even China recently shut down human gene editing project. Cloning is a very big step beyond that. | 7cbdca2b-c364-4319-98be-b62944c02781 |
c5iiny | I don't know if this is allowed here but can someone explain how "Post Nut Clarity" works? (I am a 19 male so I just mean chemically) | We're biologically programed to procreate, so if they possibility is close at hand, our basic instincts might cloud our judgement. So afterwards, the need to procreate diminishes, and your thoughts clear. | be62adca-e9fb-47a0-9f02-f9ab06ddf095 |
c5ij9c | Why are human babies born so helpless? Is there a benefit to this? | Big brain = big head
Upright walking gait = narrow pelvis
The baby's head needs to fit through the mother's pelvis to be born. So human babies are born comparatively premature. | 31123609-ae1b-4f07-88a7-55bfd8936ca4 |
c5ijxp | What would happen to our environment if we killed all the wasps? (Not bees, just wasps) | There are actually many more species of wasps arose because the world than most people realize. Many of them have very specific interactions with their prey. Some, for example, feed exclusively on only one type of insect. Others have really important symbiotic relationships. Figs depend entirely on a single species of wasps for their reproduction, as does the wasp. Without this wasps the fig trees couldn't reproduce. Generally killing off one level of a food chain has massive implications up and down the line. | 2b861e6e-992e-4b9b-ad3c-7745b6a8bcc7 |
c5imjw | Why does body shakes at the end of urinating? | That involuntary shiver is called a “Frisson”. It is caused either by the sensation of the drop in temperature as the warm pee leaves your body or by a confusion between signals in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). | b8a466db-3788-408e-b6f5-3827e4996ff1 |
c5iqcv | Why don’t birth marks and freckles go away if your skin cells are always being replaced? | So birthmarks and freckles are really just areas of the skin with more coloration. There’s a special type of cell called a “melanocyte” that produces the stuff that makes skin dark. These special cells rest on the bottom layer of the skin, the layer that sheds less often. When we lose dead skin cells they’re usually from the top layers. In freckles and birthmarks, the melanocytes produces more melanin (the stuff that makes skin darker) than normal, so the skin around them is darker than the rest of the body | 16967e50-aea5-4065-89eb-6e63712d7144 |
c5it8m | i read that after death the body stays stiff for 1-3 days so does that mean my facial expressions will remain the same after i die? | Here is the reply of one who KNOWS-- you facial expression will change. Source; my wife died at home with me in attendance- thus I know where of I write | 6226ae82-fa29-458d-887b-8c29e72030dc |
c5ivir | where does cigarette ash go? | The ash itself is just burnt carbon matter. Like the ash you have from anything - a burned log, for instance.
It is very light, and it gets torn apart easily by wind and water into tiny particles to get absorbed by other things.
Cigarette butts, on the other hand, are not biodegradable and can have a negative impact on the environment. | c3578c15-1a9a-4832-be68-b7973a0c67c2 |
c5j0wx | Why does it hurt when water goes up your nose? | This one’s been answered before, check out:
_URL_0_ | 104a605f-a583-4467-af19-9ad8d1f536a1 |
c5jnya | why does a peppermint always form little holes in the center when you eat it instead of wearing evenly all around? | Peppermints are stretched as they are made, and the resulting ‘rod’ of candy is made while it’s warm, right. That rod has strands within it that are stretched and under tension. As the candy cools, the inside of the rod cools (that’s usually been cut into disks by that point), the parts under tension would contract. It’s not fully homogeneous, so there are small voids that happen as it contracts.
As your saliva dissolves the candy, the low-density parts dissolve faster than the higher-density parts around it. Bam, little holes. | 719e4989-ea73-49fe-a1a8-154a68f02684 |
c5jqy9 | Why are budget deficits good for.the government when there is recession? | Two parts.
1) Budget deficits can be good at anytime. The reason is that the safer the investment is the lower the interest and you can't find much more safer than a stable government, meaning they can get the money to cover their deficit with a low interest rate. At the same time, the economy of a country will grow rather steadily and at a decent rate. This mean that the economy grow faster than the interest, so the debt of a country will usually slowly decrease in value vs the economy of the country. So as long as you don't have too big a deficit and you pay your interest, it's just additional money for not that much problem. The issue is when your deficit grow faster than you economy and paying the interest become an increasingly bigger part of your budget.
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2) The best way to combat a recession is to make money circulate. This create demand, which create jobs, etc. So usually it's view as a good thing for a government to have a bigger deficit so they can use that money to spent on infrastructure and such to create new jobs and jumpstart the economy again. The problem is when people get used to that increase in service and vote out of office people that want to bring back the deficit to a normal level and so the government keep an high deficit even after the recession is over. | e7e0db03-dc38-40c6-994b-18e3b303b51a |
c5jrpk | How does Pi-hole work? | Pi-Hole is a dns sinkhole that is commonly used to block ad and tracker domains.
DNS (Domain Name System) is the system that translates a url (www._URL_0_) into an IP address (150.140.208.53), since computers can only establish a connection to an IP address, not an URL.
Pi-Hole works by acting like a DNS server. When you type _URL_0_ into your browser, your computer will send a DNS request to the Pi-Hole to translate _URL_0_ into the corresponding IP address. The Pi-Hole then checks _URL_0_ against a blacklist of domains that you tell it not to connect to (generally domains that host ads). If the domain you send it is not on the blacklist, like is the case with reddit, then the Pi-Hole will forward the DNS request to an actual DNS server to be translated. If the domain is on the blacklist, the Pi-Hole will translate the domain to 0.0.0.0 and return it to your computer. 0.0.0.0 means "do not connect" to your computer. | f7516725-0a6d-4e4d-bba6-3b55269be545 |
c5k2vy | What is a flame actually made of? | Flames consist primarily of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen and nitrogen. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma
Stolen from wikipedia, so there.Hope it helps | f5736f28-5f9a-4813-a552-2257981c16b9 |
c5k4to | how does a computer destroy data? | Not an expert, but I think is gets overwritten with new data rather than its being thrown away. The data is still there just it would be corrupted and written over with new data. | d5149972-20ae-4e94-af60-d28d6ea88759 |
c5kqww | Why do the British pronounce lieutenant as "lef-tenant" instead of "loo-tenant"? | The British and French have a very...complicated history.
& #x200B;
Lieu is an evolution of the latin "locum", both of which mean "in place of". Thus, the French had the term lieutenant. The brits, after finding out they may not like the French all that much, replaced the loanword with another spelling of "lieu", "leuft", or leuftenant. Now it's just a cultural meme. It's actually archaic. | e1507116-ce30-4649-ac63-409a4e183a37 |
c5kwbd | How and when did picking your nose become considered gross by society? | While we cant point to an exact time, we can say it was around 900-1200 AD,
As christianity swept Europe, Catholicism to be exact, we saw a huge cultural trend to “polite” behavior,
Theres a manuscript from around 1250 ad that we can say is the first commonly accepted “gentleman” rules, with gems like
Dont piss in the fire
Dont spit in the fire
Dont force yourself on a woman (that one was more a suggestion for most the next 750 years)
This was a period of defined “church behavior” in which picking the teeth or nose would be seen as ungentlemanly or unlady like | 64498b81-35e1-45ff-ae80-f3e78345cbef |
c5kyov | Why do camera lenses have so many elements? | The have all of those lenses and wheel and what not so you can have different useful functions in your camera.
Zoom for example is achieved by changing the distance between certain lenses. To make your camera focus on this zoom level, you need extra lenses that move freely or are mechanically connected to another lens. These would then be moved with or against each other, giving you the ability to focus on something or not. | 722c6b4c-0c68-4834-871f-1f4f92bbb09d |
c5kyr3 | how do CDs store data | Easy. A CD is etched with millions of indentations. A laser reads this, and interprets the indent as a 1 or 0 depending on refractivity. | 410017c0-7d80-4fba-8088-53ffdfb0b6d4 |
c5lit2 | What determines the center of the world map? | World map drawing started in Europe. So Europe was the center. Asia is in the east, the Americas are in the west, so I guess you get the picture. There are other layouts - Japan and China for example have themselves in the center, making Europe the west and America the east. Usually the one who draws the map wants to see themselves in the center. Since the Americas were colonized by Europeans they used European maps and are using them to this day. | b67859db-e5b2-4a37-bf17-d413c552399c |
c5lqtv | Drinking laws and ages | I think only Northern Europe countries make distinction between beer and hard alcohol in regards to age, Italy is 18 for everything.
Also drinking itself isn't illegal usually, it's selling/serving alcohol to minors, if parents buy for them nobody will care. | 31102f71-1d56-4ad3-b929-41f0f39207a6 |
c5lst7 | How do ski jumpers not sustain injury when landing? Vertically it appears to be at least a 100 foot drop. | The direction they fall after their jump is similar to the direction of the slope they hit. So they just keep on going, and it doesn't jar their legs too much. | 6b70997f-9b3e-4836-b116-1fb2f8027314 |
c5m3rp | The difference between Existentialism and Optimistic Nihilism. | This one is a bit difficult to say, because they both promote the same idea. Let me break down the terms first. This is a quote from Quora.
Nihilist: “*nothing has purpose.*”
Existentialist: “*purpose is something we define.”*
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In terms of optimistic Nihilism, it serves as a similar idea to Existentialism. However, it approaches from a slightly different angle. It is acknowledging the lack of meaning and purpose. It’s understanding that the universe doesn’t care about you and you’re just a speck of dust in cosmic vastness and that you weren’t assigned any meaning at birth. But it also acknowledges that this is doesn’t have to be depressing, on the contrary, it’s liberating. It opens you to find a meaning for yourself, it allows you to choose your meaning. Your purpose.
& #x200B;
In this case, Existentialism seems to be a more broad definition, while Optimistic Nihilism seems to be a more specific topic. | b0dab2a4-94e8-4397-b867-48c23fe74b0a |
c5mbnn | How do chocolate chips somewhat hold their shape and not completely melt while being baked in chocolate chip cookies? | They do usually melt completely. You can see that pretty easily if you break open a cookie right out of the oven, the chocolate will spill out (though not super quickly, since melted chocolate is still pretty viscous).
They still keep their shape in the cookie because when they melt, they’re still surrounded by cookie dough (which doesn’t melt), so there’s nowhere for the melted chocolate to go. It’s just a ball of melted chocolate in a chip-shaped hole in the solid cookie dough, so it sits there. Then when the cookie cools down, the chocolate solidifies again into something vaguely chip-shaped. | 042206fc-e6a6-48e4-83f3-cf33027eae77 |
c5mkfe | How is insider trading not realistically going on all the time? | I work at a publicly traded company. We do get stock as part of our compensation. We are required to keep all our company stock in a specific account so that our activity can be easily monitored.
Most of the year, we're not allowed to buy or sell our company stock. One of the requirements of being publicly traded is to release information about how the company is doing. We're only allowed to buy and sell stock for a few weeks after the company has released its earnings report.
Of course, that doesn't stop us from telling our family or friends, "Psst, you should buy some stock now," or "Psst, we're going to make this big announcement in five days." If they were to act on that kind of information, that would also count as insider trading. That kind of thing is harder to see, but if my dad were to mysteriously make a bunch of money buying and selling my company's stock, that might eventually get noticed.
But, then again, lots of types of crime go on all the time, so I'm sure insider trading does, too. | 0e006867-5eb0-4b7f-92ed-1256b69c7b2a |
c5mvhk | How do Photoshop detectors work? | They're looking for
1) detail distortions. A genuine photo will have a quite smooth amount of detail, although it will vary with the lens - sharp where it's focused, gradually blurrier away from focus. If the image has been modified then the amount of detail doesn't change smoothly as you look across it.
2) spatial distortions, e.g. something in the background, like a pillar, that should be straight but now looks curved because of the modification of a butt in the foreground.
3) lighting distortions. Parts of the picture look like the lights shining on it are different from those on other parts of the picture - shadows in different directions, for example.
4) etc. - anything that doesn't look consistent for a real image! | 62be8f08-1085-4f8b-b15f-e86dc83a6fc1 |
c5nene | What does the game The Beginner’s Guide by Davey Wreden mean? | It begins as an exploration of fandom. Of finding a niche that you can enjoy and even that you think is underappreciated. It extols the positive virtue of supporting and endorsing creative minds.
At the end > !It demonstrates the worrying zeal with which some fandoms exist. Where it creates a feeling of responsibility and obligation in the creator to fit the mold that the audience demands. In many cases the fans might not even realise the demands they're placing on the creator, nor the pressure they bring with it.! <
It's the tug of war that comes with showing your creativity. | 5b8c2a59-bcd4-4fb5-b3ee-b3097d8e6dbe |
c5o09e | How is CGI added to footage that is shot and projected on film? | The film is scanned into high resolution digital files.
The CGI is then applies to the digitized files.
Then the file is printed back to film. | db2e7208-7a8d-4ca0-bc89-94229f2c82ec |
c5o2i8 | What exactly is ROS (reactive oxygen species) | Under ROS we understand a couple of molecules (with oxygen) that basically want to react with everything. In organisms we mostly find H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and O2- (superoxide). They are used in different situation by organisms, for example as an immune response. Other ROS would be O3 (Ozone) and O (Singulette O2). All of them highly poisinous as they react with basically everything proteins, DNA, cell membranes and so on.
We also have encymes in mitochondria to counter ROS where from time to time ROS are created accidently (superoxide dismutase). | 0e10230e-66d8-4e3f-a77a-daab2e2d0d27 |
c5o45v | Why is it more common to have unbalanced breasts (one is bigger than the other) than unbalanced butt cheeks? | Because breast tissue is primarily fat and the size will depend on the amount of fat each one contains. There can be variance between the two because they develop separately.
Butt cheeks are primarily muscle. This means that the size will respond to the amount of physical stress that is put on them (i.e., walking). Since this stress is equal on both sides there's not a noticeable difference. | fed2abc7-ee09-440e-9bed-b7395fd38f33 |
c5o66m | Generally, how do car accidents kill people? | Depending on where the victim is...
A pedestrian struck by a car is either killed through internal bleeding or head trauma generally.
A driver or passenger usually either does from head trauma, internal bleeding, the severing of the spinal column resulting in brain suffocation, or if metal or glass is involved external blood loss or damage to the brain would do it. | 00c5e750-e4ec-4baf-9969-67317e2bcea1 |
c5o6yt | How were the adaptation of 5.56 NATO rounds political? | After WW2 different countries started looking into assault rifle rounds. It was a promising development for infantry arms. The Soviets had quickly developed their own 7.62x39mm in 1943 and were working hard to make it their mainstay.
NATO countries looked at developing their own round. The US testing known as SALVO looked at several options, including a focus on flechettes but that option never fully worked so the program switched to conventional bullets. Later, this program and its data is what would drive the adoption of 5.56mm in the US. Until that later time however the US leaders mainly looked at continuing to use full power rounds and making them controllable in full auto. All the countries in NATO wanted to work toward a standardized round so to share with each other.
The British came up with the promising 6.25mm round but it was veto’d by the US. The US leadership that was in favor of assault rifles/small caliber development was over ruled for the time by traditional thinkers who pushed the 7.62x51mm round. The US traditional thinkers got their way and the US adopted the M14 to succeed the M1, which killed the British 6.25mm caliber. Allied countries adopted their own 7.62x51mm rifles.
Then in 1961 the US was like “lol just kidding” and adopted the homegrown 5.56mm round and rifle. Being that the US was the big dick in NATO, the 5.56mm round started to become widely used alongside the 7.62x51mm used in battle rifles. This switch drove allies to follow and by the 1970s NATO has standardized on 5.56mm.
The reason for adoption of the 5.56mm and M16 was an effort spearheaded Army General name Wyman and using the data from SALVO. There was a lot of pushback by internal Army testing centers and leaders who were not convinced that such a small bullet would be effective, and there are noted cases of the rifle being sabotaged to fail tests.
Eventually though the rifle was accepted, although early wide issue service models used out of spec parts and the “self cleaning” function of the was grossly misinterpreted leading to it being issued without cleaning kits at first. This lead to a lot of lasting bad impressions.
As well there was politics around ArmaLite having to sell their design to Colt since Colt was a government contractor who could actually get a realistic chance to convince the government to buy the rifles. | 27da99c6-f0b9-4f7f-a9f5-096fe24f91e3 |
c5oh67 | Why are there so many Democrats running for the party nomination? | Before someone comes in with a much better, more detailed comment, I just want to point out that not everyone running is doing so with the belief that they’ll actually become president. For a lot of candidates, it’s essentially a PR tour to get their name out there in case they run for another office in the future. | 196cae47-1d96-45e9-881a-c8610d20550b |
c5ojjx | Why does the Einstein Cross looks like a cross? Shouldn't the gravitation of the galaxy project a circle of the quasar instead of a cross? | Basically, it's because the [lensing galaxy](_URL_0_) is elliptical. Light from the source needs to pass through a region with the right amount of gravity pulling in the right direction to hit Earth. This basically means that it needs to pass through the galaxy at where the gravitational pull is at at the exact right amount. Since the galaxy is an ellipse, the band where gravity is perfect is also an ellipse.
The light from the quasar forms a cone, and the cross-section that's passing through the galaxy is a circle (technically the galaxy and cross-section are 3d shapes, but the thicknesses are so small compared to all the other distances involved that they are basically flat for our purposes). The points where the circle and ellipse overlap are the points where light is moving in the right direction and gets bent in the right direction to hit us.
_URL_1_
It depends on how the shapes overlap (the Einstein Cross is off-center) but you can see how you get four small spots where the image can reach us. | ba67866d-2912-4990-aa25-5bfc5e696c99 |
c5ow2a | why mental health problems are usually ignored by the state, institutions and people | Ultimately it is because people (without mental illnesses) can't really fathom what it would be like to have a mental illness, while they can grasp the concept of not being able to walk or hear or see (as examples) when it comes to disabilities.
By it's very nature, it is incredibly hard to understand mental illnesses, like depression, is like to have unless you suffer from it. The 'closest' a healthy mind gets to depression is feeling sad so that is what people (without mental illnesses) think it is like. And feeling sad is something you can just 'get over' so what's the problem?
It is difficult to get people to help try and deal with a problem when they don't (or can't) understand the problem or don't think it even is a *real* problem in the first place. | f20f3d7c-6615-4374-a377-15079586c3d4 |
c5oy2r | Why are there so many rebel groups and wars throughout Africa? | Tribal wars, corruption, hatred/racism (nothing to do with skin colour) against members of other ethnicities/religion, colonialism has also a small part but it's very much linked to corruption (see the Belgian Congo) | 40d883ae-8f72-4436-8651-713410f5c922 |
c5paib | What creates the 'swoosh' sound of cars passing by? | You're half right: also add the car "cutting" through air and Doppler effect (decreasing pitch of an object passing by) | 51b544f6-a565-46a7-9d01-7c69805c6e50 |
c5pbk9 | What's happening between the US and Iran right now and how did we get to this point? | The same people that have been trying to overthrow the government of Iran for a long time, like John Bolton and Mike Pompeo are now National Security Advisor and Secretary of State respectively.
The most recent possible flashpoint is that Iran shot down a US drone. The US says it was in international airspace, Iran says it was in their airspace and they warned us repeatedly to leave their airspace before shooting it down. Previously to that an oil tanker was attacked in the Gulf of Oman. The US says there is clear evidence that Iran was behind it. Iran and the captain of the vessel say it wasn’t Iran.
Prior to that Trump pulled out of our “Iran deal” laid down by Obama, that Trump repeatedly called a terrible deal while he was campaigning. The deal was, in brief, Iran halts it’s nuclear weapons programs and submits to random unannounced inspections by the IAEA and in return the US unfreezes some Iranian held money, and lightens some sanctions. Trump decided he didn’t like this, pulled out of the deal and slapped brand new sanctions down, including sanctions on medicine. Meanwhile Iran is still abiding by their end of the deal because Europe is still following the deal.
Before that, we probably have to go back all the way to Mohammad Mosaddegh, who was elected prime minister of Iran in 1951. He announced he was going to nationalize Iranian oil companies. The US didn’t like this at all, and the CIA orchestrated a coup to overthrow him in 1953, installing Mohammad Reza Pahlavi “The Shah” as the monarch of Iran. The Shah was, of course, allied with US interests and continued to provide cheap oil. Monarchies have their problems, and after 25 years of repression. The Iranian revolution to overthrow him kicked off in 1979. During the revolution, Iran took people stuck in the US embassy hostage. The post-revolution government rapidly shook down into an Islamic theocracy, which follows Shia Islam. It should be noted that Saudi Arabia, most of Iraq and most of Islam in general follow Sunni Islam. This put Iran at odds with Saudi Arabia and Iraq. For most of the ‘80s the US supported Saddam Hussein as he was at odds with Iran. | 84f59c3a-737f-44d6-bd54-3105483a550b |
c5pdtt | Why are triangles the most stable shape in construction/engineering? | A quick way to visualize this for yourself is to get 4 popsicle sticks or some other small stick like that - toothpicks would also work (they aren't necessary if you can picture this mentally).
Take 3 of the sticks and try to touch the ends together to make a triangle. What you will find is that there is only one triangle that can be made and in order to change the shape of that triangle and the angle between any of the two sticks you would have to change the length of one of the sticks.
Now take 4 sticks and touch the ends together to make a quadrilateral. Did you make a square? Or perhaps a rhombus of some sort? What you'll notice is that using those exact same sticks you can make many different shapes by changing the angles without having to change the length of the sticks.
For this reason when if you have a square structure it is easier for it to change shape than when you have a triangle structure. In other words, it's easier for the square structure to longer be square than it is for the triangle to no longer be triangle.
There are other shapes such as circles which are very strong as well depending on the circumstances and arches which are often used in architecture to distribute weight more evenly, but for the simplicity of being able to use multiple straight lengths of material a triangle is the easiest to build of the structurally sound shapes. | bd04b367-055c-4524-b335-c8fdef2c5404 |
c5pee5 | How is traffic congestion created on an interstate when all of the vehicles are going in one direction? | Essentially, small mistakes and delays are magnified down the stream of traffic.
A minor slowdown when a car merges, or when a person changes lanes but are travelling just a little too slow.
Here's a nifty animation:
How traffic jams are created _URL_0_ | 7a18a840-5501-4d32-b47f-52433f849118 |
c5phdb | How do goldfish manage to remain small when forced into a small container? | This is a myth. Given adequate nutrition, at least, fish will grow to their full adult size. It's really unfortunate to see, because if they survive, fish usually end up with skeletal deformities, having been forced to fit in an environment too small. | e3de7d5e-03aa-4251-9f75-c16e87f5a45f |
c5pnwc | How is currency exchange rate calculated? | Exchange rates are set in an open marketplace called, appropriately, the "Foreign Exchange Market". The details of how that market works aren't important. The main idea is that they are set by supply and demand.
Here's an example. I'm an American who would like to drink a bottle of French wine that costs 10 Euro. I would be willing to trade exactly one apple pie (that costs 20 Dollars) for the bottle of wine. In theory, I could just find someone willing to make precisely that trade - no money needed - but it would be hard to find a partner in such a specific trade. Instead I go to the Foreign Exchange market and trade 20 Dollars for 10 Euro. Let's just assume I can find someone willing to be on the other side of that trade, so 2:1 is the prevailing exchange rate.
Now imagine the price of the French wine goes up to 20 Euro. In fact, every price in France doubles. Then I'm no longer content with exchanging 2:1. I need to exchange 1:1 if I'm going to actually execute the trade I'm there for (apple pie for wine). That is, the price level in each currency matters to the exchange rate. For historical reasons, 1 Dollar buys about as much as 100 Yen, so nobody is going to be willing to go around exchanging Dollars and Yen 1:1. The amount of money in circulation is going to affect the price level (printing a bunch will increase it), but it's not the only determinant.
Now imagine there's an apple pie craze in France. Everyone in France wants an apple pie imported from America. This means more and more French people are going to the Foreign Exchange Market and trying to trade their Euro for Dollars. I can take advantage of this and start requesting a more favorable exchange rate. Maybe I can start buying 2 bottles of wine for every apple pie. When people say a given currency became "stronger" or "weaker" relative to another, they're usually talking about the flow of goods and services between the two. If a country exports goods everyone wants, its currency will also be in high demand because you need the currency to buy the goods. | 22ee472f-4998-4afb-ae49-fcde89b3a5ec |
c5pyhq | What is the difference between arts and culture? | Art is an aspect of culture. Art can be anything you can interact with given your five senses: see, smell, hear, taste, touch - such as paintings, music, and even food.
Culture is the social behavior, customs, history, religion, and achievements of a society, which can influence and be influenced by art (among other things). | 9a14ab8e-bc61-4947-84bb-053dc96d7d79 |
c5q6yy | Why is it that young people can hear sounds on a higher frequency, but older people can not? | As you age, the little bits in your ear wear out and break down. The smallest bits break first, and those smaller bits are what pick up higher pitches.
Interestingly, the same thing can happen at a faster rate causing early onset hard-of-hearing. I was diagnosed at 12, and 16 years later I have the approximate range of a 70 year old.
EDIT: For more detail, the "little bits" are called cilia. They're tiny hairs in your inner ear that have nerves attached at the roots. When you hear sound, it starts a long Rube Goldberg process where it vibrates the eardrum which jiggles the three tiniest bones in your body which hammers on the cochlea (if you look at a diagram, that's the part that looks like a snail). The cochlea contains a fluid that, when it vibrates, in turn vibrates the hairs, which send signals to the brain. Hairs in different locations pick up different frequencies, and the ones that die first tend to be the high frequency ones.
This is also the same system that helps you balance. That cochlear fluid and hair combo team help you determine "down" as a direction. Part of why old people also have worse balance, as their hearing goes so does their gravisense. | c4a8c4f0-f3c1-4463-bd99-4006995d7029 |
c5qhza | Does everyone have a unique voice? | Given the sheer number of people on the planet, I'd say no.
Each person has a unique combination of organ shapes and neural pathways within their brain, respiratory system, mouth, and skull. All of these things contribute to how a person's voice sounds. However, humans in general tend towards a specific set of shapes, meaning that all possible human voices fall within a specific band. Furthermore, humans can only tell certain sounds apart with a finite amount of fidelity, so two voices that are ever-so-slightly different may in fact be impossible to tell apart. This means that there's a finite number of discreet voices we can tell apart (although that number is astronomically huge).
But, with 7+ billion of us on Earth, that's a lot of voices. Raw probability states that there's almost certainly at least one pair of people out there with voices that cannot be distinguished by the human ear. Throw in voice actors who are trained to make different voices, and now each person can have more than one voice, and therefore more than one possible match. | 17e708ff-f19a-4625-b3df-ae481377a496 |
c5qk1f | the plot and symbolism in 2001: A Space Odyssey | Ok, so I'm going to probably punt on the symbolism as I'm not great at interpreting such things myself, but here goes for the plot:
A group of pre-human apes are having a bad time of it, including being driven away from the local watering hole by another group.
One day, this weird black monolith shows up seemingly from nowhere. The apes kind of freak out about it, but after this encounter something odd starts to happen. The apes start thinking about objects in their environment as being something other than "themselves" and rather what they can be *used* for - the monolith has somehow instilled in the apes the concept of tool use.
They use their newfound concept to use some bones as rudimentary clubs. This provides them the opportunity to kill other animals for meat to eat, to protect themselves from predators, and to drive off that other group of apes so they can reclaim the watering hole.
The film uses a neat match-cut between the bone thrown into the air and a satellite in orbit - equating that first tool with a modern one.
This sequence is about Haywood Floyd traveling to a lunar outpost (with a pit stop at an orbital space station) to investigate something that was discovered. Everybody's being really secretive about it and what it implies, but it turns out to be this big black monolith (rectangular with an aspect ratio of 1 by 4 by 9 - the first three square numbers, which imply an intelligence behind its creation, let alone the fact that it seems to have been deliberately buried).
As this monolith is exposed to sunlight (lunar night being a few weeks long - giving Floyd enough time to have reached the moon since it was discovered) it sends out a radio signal towards Jupiter, but otherwise seems completely inert. Mankind has found evidence of other intelligent life in the universe, and wants to know more and so make a plan to head in the direction of Jupiter.
The next segment is the one with Dave, Frank, and HAL. An important thing to know here is that the existence of the lunar monolith is still a secret and of the people actually on the mission, only HAL knows about it. The HAL 9000 series computers have never had a recorded error - they are perfectly logical. An unforeseen problem is that HAL has been given some specific orders: the general HAL programming requiring him to provide accurate information to the crew and the mission-specific ones that the true nature of the mission be withheld from Dave and Frank and that the mission itself is of utmost importance. All of the "malfunctions" he exhibits are attempts for him to work around this problem, up to and including killing all of the humans on board (he doesn't have to lie or otherwise conceal information if they're all dead and since HAL is himself very important for the success of the mission he can't allow the humans to shut him down). Dave survives and manages to disconnect the "higher functions" of HAL (making him more of a dumb machine). He then gets to hear the actual mission briefing as they arrive at Jupiter.
Next up is the star gate sequence. It's mostly cinematic eye-candy, but the deal is that there's yet another monolith in orbit around Jupiter and it's been activated by the signal the one of the moon sent. When Dave reaches it, he is sent through a wormhole or similar space-time transportation system to... a hotel?
This is an intentionally disorienting sequence. We see Dave grow older - and he sees it as well, his sense of self and perspective is being broken down as his own mortality is being thrust upon him. Eventually, as he's dying, one last monolith shows up. In an event similar to the first one at the Dawn of Man, this one is doing something to the life form in front of it - rather than imparting "tool use" as a concept, this one is breaking Dave free of the need for a physical body entirely. Lifting him into a new level of existence/the next phase of human evolution as the Star Child.
So, what we can glean about the monoliths?
* One was used to bootstrap some form of earth life up a notch on the ladder of intelligence.
* The second was left as a way to monitor the success of the first: life on earth had reached a level of sophistication such that they could leave their planet and notice something odd present on the moon.
* The third was another benchmark (earth life could escape the local confines of their own planet and reach things further afield) - this is the signal that we're ready for the last phase and so it also transports the lifeform to the end.
* Where the fourth finally finishes the job and uplifts humanity (if only just the one guy for now) up to the next phase of existence.
It seems that there is some extraterrestrial intelligence out there that is interested in performing this sequence of events and the monoliths are their tools used to do so.
An additional bit to consider here about HAL: is he "alive"? Sure, he's a machine and has got the problems of the contradictory commands that make him "malfunction", but he notices a plot to "kill" him, takes action for self-preservation, and in the end even resorts to begging for his life. If he is "intelligent", does that mean that humanity's own tools have created an intelligence just like the monolith was used to create human intelligence? | f74583db-ddcc-44d4-a339-f0265b55f800 |
c5qlap | Why do fizzy drinks stop fizzing if they are added to alcohol? | They only stop fizzing if you put the alcohol into the carbonated beverage.
If you want your drink to stay fizzy, first pour the alcohol into the glass, then the carbonated liquid.
I don't quite remember what happens or the proper term, but you upset the carbon dioxide (fizz) when you pour other liquids into it. | a70991e3-1a9a-4fba-808e-463ea93baf36 |
c5qlwc | Why do some house flies fly around the same spot in a room in squares/triangles as though they are ‘stuck’, often for hours? | I'm not an expert on this topic, but I believe it has to do with the simplicity of the fly's "brain".
Insects like flies have only a very basic nervous system that's programmed to accept rudimentary inputs, like smell and touch, and use them to search for food, breed, avoid predators, and that's about it. You can think of them like very dumb robots. This simple programming sometimes results in the insects getting stuck in a behavioral loop.
The fly will eventually be able to escape this loop when a small variable change in their environment alters their behavioral pattern. | 1cfb1b30-e4d3-4f00-9287-5c65a0d9bca3 |
c5rfmh | Magnetic force is produced due to the motion of electrons. So basically what changes occur when electron is at rest and when in motion resulting in generation of magnetic force? | Magnet force is not “produced” by the motion of electrons. Electromagnetism is a fundamental force, which means it is the bedrock of physics. There is nothing below it that can be explained.
Electromagnetism’s effect can be observed by the fact that particles carry charge. Like charges repel and opposite charges attract. The charge is decided by the quantity of electrons relative to the quantity of protons.
When we move magnets about, we can manipulate the negatively charged electrons. This creates electric current as electrons jump from one atom to the next.
The movement of electrons is the EFFECT of electromagnetism, not the cause. | 9e6840eb-1f45-4374-917b-cf3c83beb7bb |
c5rgir | Why do tracts in the central nervous system mostly have a projection on the opposite hemisphere? | There's a few ideas out there about why the decussation happens, most seem to suggest that it facilitates organization. I had the exact same question for my neuro professors, no one really knows for sure if it provides any sort of evolutionary advantage or if it was just an accident. | 464daac7-07d1-411c-a2df-091df0a69916 |
c5rj5w | What causes us to actually feel physically uncomfortable during “awkward silences”? | Our primitive caveman brains are obsessed with status and belonging. In ancient times, being rejected by your tribe or family meant certain death. We evolved to be hypersensitive to the moods and feelings of others. When we are enduring an awkward social encounter, that primitive caveman part of our brain still fears rejection. So it starts pushing the brain’s panic button and injecting you with cortisol.
Your brain is saying, “This person doesn’t like me, so I’m in danger of being rejected, and then I will be lost and alone and get eaten by sabretoothed tigers.” It interprets rejection as a threat to your safety. | e04159f4-5cea-44d3-9b0b-584d14420b77 |
c5rqur | Why is it that sometimes you wake up in the middle of the night, extremely thirsty, and the water tastes like it came from heaven? | The body runs on negative feedback loops for pretty much everything. It likes to be in balance.
When its out of balance and you need something whatever gives you what you need feels better, tastes better, smells better.
If you get too much then it goes out of balance the other way so you feel bad, it tastes bad, smells bad to get you to stop doing it. | 93c51f42-4e1a-4f40-87b5-0b0c9e888d80 |
c5rzyj | How do phone companies get the number that are assigned to us, and what happens when a different phone company assigns the same number to someone else (if that's even possible) | I work at a phone company!
Basically when you activate a new line the system will pick a random unused number out of a bucket of unused numbers that the company owns.
Then, when you cancel that line, we hold it for 90 days in case you need it back, then we put it into the bucket.
If you want to change your number, we can look into the bucket and help you pick one out.
If you port your number to a different carrier, it because theirs afterwards. So if you switch carriers and keep your number, then later cancel it, the number will be in their bucket for their future customers to use. | ad33159d-e8f2-40fa-b355-77fc5c279fc4 |
c5s0lf | How do steering wheels run the electrics for media/infotainment controls through the steering column when a steering wheel can turn multiple revolutions in both directions? Don't wires get twisted to the point of giving out? | Clock spring. It’s basically a spiral of wire in the wheel rolled up loosely so it can be wound tighter or looser depending on the direction you’re turning. | 582e4527-ae69-431e-a168-fcd77c629a04 |
c5sft4 | Why people who have organ transplants usually need anti-rejection medication, but not people who have blood transfusions | Blood cells only live 3 months. A blood transfusion is a temporary fix to maintain blood pressure and oxygen levels until your body can catch up to replace blood lost. If the body rejects it a bit it's not a super big deal because foreign cells killed by the body get replaced.
Organ transplants are for life. If your body attacks it it's very bad, because you'll die. | 0b5a4954-2629-49f9-979b-c1f51076773f |
c5sm2t | What happens to your cardiovascular system when there’s to much volume in it e.g. when you get saline IV although you haven’t lost any blood? | If you're young and relatively healthy, essentially nothing. Your body recognizes that there's more fluid hanging around than it needs, so your kidneys just excrete it.
If you have conditions like heart failure, kidney disease, liver failure, etc, the systems that keep that fluid in the arteries and veins and cause it to be excreted are interrupted, and it becomes much harder for the body to process it. That is when you run into things like pulmonary edema, ascites, peripheral edema, etc. | 58a7d826-8799-4025-8615-ca74a46af37e |
c5sm9x | How does the data encryption standard (DES) from 1977 work? | The message is broken into blocks of bits, which are scrambled and combined with bits from the secret key (the password, so to speak). The same secret key can be combined with the data again to undo the process.
_URL_0_ | 82416bfe-7045-4113-992f-b9630295479e |
c5sw4b | What is a Tor browser, how does it work and what makes it different to a "standard" browser such as chrome? | A Tor browser is used for truly anonymous browsing, typically on the dark web. It conceals the user's identity by routing everything through a long series of servers in foreign countries that can't be subpoenad so that nothing ever goes directly from a server to your computer or from your computer to the server, and preventing any data from being stored locally on your machine.
To keep it simple, I'll skip some of the technical aspects. Normal browsers, such as Chrome, when you type a website in, basically the target website would know this computer at this place whose owner can be tracked by a search warrant on the ISP is the one that wants this webpage, and then sends data to your computer. Your computer also sends data to the website, or stores data on your machine that says which websites you've been to. If you were doing something illegal, that's supremely easy to track. If you're not, it doesn't really matter.
If you're not doing anything illegal, you very probably don't need a Tor browser for anything, although some privacy advocates maintain that the anonymity can protect your data and privacy.
Source: I'm a defense attorney and I'm acquainted with how police catch people. | 48360d75-cff0-4b5f-a300-c8e556381619 |
c5t5sg | How do the outfits that competitive Olympic swimmers wear allow them to swim faster? Would they not swim faster if they were completely naked? | Olimpic swimmers wear sleek, often spandex/rubber clothing because it doesnt cause any drag. When you swim, everything on your body has to push against the water. So if you cover your hair (swim caps) and genitalia (pants of any form) the water can more easily glide across your body with less resistance. On top of that... do you reall wanna see a bunch of wet, naked guys in the olimpics? On second thought. Dont answer that. | 28934430-4f28-4447-9f5f-7abe81413ef6 |
c5t9tx | Why do some spots on concrete appear to not get wet? | I like to keep my own car clean, so I wash it fairly often (Maybe twice a month, depending on how dirty it gets). I typically use soaps that have waxes in them to help maintain the primary coat of wax that I put on a few times a year. I also maintain a healthy coat of tire shine on the tires. What I've noticed over the many years of doing this is that I can see evidence of where I wash my car on my drive way when it rains. This is almost certainly due to the hydrophobic properties (Meaning it repels water) of the tire shine and car wash soap that I use.
& #x200B;
TLDR; It's your car soap that is likely causing this. | 818d9bb3-2dfb-4dc5-96a7-5b63747ee763 |
c5tpcm | American/USA History: Why does The USA Democratic Party considered to be the same but not the same as jefferson's party? | > Why? What are the arguments for each possible "starting point", and is one of the options "more correct"?
Jefferson's Democratic-Republican party "won". Hamilton's Federalist Party died out.
Factions developed in the Democratic-Republican party in 1824. The Jackson faction was what ended up becoming today's Democratic Party. The opposing factions were originally the National Republicans (Quincy Adams, Clay), then the Whigs (Clay, Webster, Harrison) and eventually the Republicans (Lincoln, Grant, etc).
That's the ELI5 answer. For further details, read up on James Monroe (the last non-Jackson Democratic Republican), Andrew Jackson, the 1824 and 1828 elections, and probably Henry Clay. | 3789d2f4-5303-4f8c-9445-ec5ed85031d9 |
c5u9rz | Why do you get so tired in office jobs? | Stress is draining and an office environment is incredibly stressful. Restricted behavior, posture, and interactions in a setting made to discourage comfort and relaxation will drain you even if they're not physically exhausting in the way that brick laying is. Add to that the demand for constant focus (or at least "on-ness") on repetitive tasks in which you have no personal stake, and it's a recipe for mental and emotional fatigue which manifest physically through exhaustion. Even in an environment which is comfortable and provides a sense of investment and comradery, you are still acutely aware that your right to the basic necessities of survival hangs in the balance of your performance, which is an intense sort of anxiety to feel especially in the absence of concrete reasons why.
Edit: int he > in the | 6ca32fc7-1918-40ec-9e77-5c8b380bbb51 |
c5u9wr | What exactly is “existentialism”? | Existentialism and having an existential crisis are nearly opposites. An existential crisis occurs in a time period where an individual questions their role in life and purpose. Existentialism is the philosophy that an individual gets to dictate their purpose in life, having no pre-designated fate or role. | b321d9e8-7a2f-4834-bcf5-a482168f403b |
c5uc4u | How does SpaceX get money by sending falcon into space? | Companies and government agencies pay SpaceX to send their satellites and soon astronauts into space. SpaceX is like FedEx for delivering things into space. | 52b9ca72-6a8d-4939-baab-c63d1d8ed571 |
c5ug3d | Why is it bad to sleep after a big meal? | As long as you're healthy, it's fine to sleep after a meal. The advice to not sleep after a meal is an old wives' tale. That said, if you have a GERD-like condition (reflux and it's ilk), being horizontal with a full stomach might be bad for you and exacerbate symptoms. Otherwise, sleep well and dream of larger portions.
/edited for typo | 06da2bd6-b523-4c78-b3d0-1a9a3977bcc6 |
c5un8f | how does a Holding Company work | So say you own a small corporation and want to retire. If you sell your business and cash in your shares, all the business's assets become your personal assets. Those assets may be subject to huge up front capital gains taxes. They're also no longer protected from potential creditors.
So you start another business. All it does is hold your money in trust, and maybe invests some of it. Then you pay yourself a salary from that money. You'll still have to pay income tax on that salary, as well as corporate taxes on any revenue the holding company generates, but it spreads the tax burden out over time. It also provides a layer of legal protection to limit creditors' access to your retirement savings.
You can also use it to store retirement savings while running the business. You reinvest any leftover profits into the holding company. Since it's a separate entity, if your main business gets sued or runs into some other financial problem, its creditors can't touch those savings.
Tl;DR a holding company basically protects savings and spreads out the tax burden. | dba44300-45d4-4960-8806-0cc224de2fdb |
c5up82 | Aaarrrr there reasons why we think pirates sounded like this? | The pirate accent is actually just an exagerated west country accent, and they really do sound like that. An early portrayal stuck.
West country accent for the UK is more stereotypically that of farmers, so if you don't really think about it it can catch you off guard. Can be a tad confusing at times to wonder why all these farmers are at sea or wonder why all these pirates are doing agriculture until you realize it's the same damn accent.
For americans, Hagrid from Harry Potter has a west country accent, albeit a pretty comprehensible one. You now realize Hagrid is actually a pirate. Have fun with that.
EDIT: Well shiver my timbers, this certainly did blow up. I want to emphasize by the way, Hagrid is a pretty mild case of West Country. As accents go it's a pretty mild one for the UK too in that it rarely gets ~completely~ incomprehensible. Still, you will know pain if you've ever had to get directions from a man who speaks like this:
"Arrrrrrrrr... a grockle aye mate? Orite, what ya wanndo is be gwain ta-rrrrrrrr, roit upp tat grarss o'there, te be a zign, then arrrr, s'right der be a zign at top neer 'ouse! Zee'at?" | b2c34be2-41b9-4138-96bd-d670f2a81092 |
c5uugs | - Why can you feel when objects are cold or hot even when they are inches away from skin? | Because the air around those objects is also colder or warmer from being near those objects | 32f2ee9e-db24-4764-9f45-73e006b2a661 |
c5vfi7 | Balkan ethnicities | It's a mix.
Croats, Slovenes, Bosnians, Serbians, Montenegrins, and Macedonians are all varying flavors of South Slav (or, "Yugoslavs", hence the name of the former Yugoslavia). Croats and Slovenes are generally Catholic, Serbians, Montenegrins, and Macedonians are generally varying flavors of Greek/Russian Orthodox, and Bosnians are generally Muslims.
The other big ethnicity of the region are Albanians, who are *not* Slavs, but are actually a separate ethnic group that no one really knows where they came from except they've been there for as long as anyone can remember. Albanians are mostly Muslim, although they also have Catholic and Greek Orthodox minorities. *Most* Albanians are in Albania, to the south of the Former Yugoslavia, but a big concentration of them live in and around Kosovo, which was previously part of Serbia until it rebelled and NATO stepped in on their behalf.
Of all of them, the groups that have been the most involved in the issues are the Bosnians, Albanians, Serbians, and Croats. The Slovenes, Motenegrins, and Macedonians generally have stayed out of the internal issues of the Former Yugoslavia, although in Macedonia's case that's because they were busy having a bit of a spat with Greece over other ethnic issues. The major areas of interest are the Republika Srpska, a Serb-majority region in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the aforementioned Kosovo. | 8af4036c-a536-4987-b917-a764ead3fafd |
c5vfsz | The difference between runway fashion and consumer products. | Think of it sort of like concept cars at auto shows... they show an overall trend and concept exploration, which will inevitably be toned down once they get some feedback from influences and potential customers. They may stick with the colors and fabrics, but not the outlandish cuts baring body parts not shown in public, dialing back oversized details. | ad484f96-ff9a-4bdc-bd93-1f8894b34f1f |
c5vgor | why is it ok for the yolk of eggs to be consumed runny but not the whites? | The yolks of eggs are doubly sealed from the outside, reducing the risk of salmonella. Not to 0, so hard boiled eggs are safer, but among the risks in life, runny egg yolks aren't really high risk. | e52d0dc5-4b15-48c9-8ab5-391956c22a80 |
c5vi1b | Why does it normally take time for people to fall asleep, instead of being able to instantaneously? | There is a disorder called narcolepsy where people can't truly control their sleepiness. This disorder is divided into two types: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 means that you can collapse at any given moment with something known as cataplexy. Type 2 just means you're tired often, and at times have a nearly uncontrollable urge to sleep.
& #x200B;
Why are things like this for those suffering from narcolepsy? Because they have low levels of hypocretin (for type 1).
& #x200B;
You see, in order to fall asleep, your body needs to muster up a whole bunch of hormones (things that control how your body is behaving). Things such as melatonin take time to enter you system and start working. Even if you take a melatonin supplement, it'll still take some time to work.
& #x200B;
The only real way (that I can think of) to allow people to fall alseep at a moment's notice would be to always have the hormones (such as melatonin) or lack thereof (i.e. hypocretin) in their system. But if you did this, and had the hormones being employed at all times, then the person would have narcolepsy.
& #x200B;
This is my take on this. I'm not a doctor or anything, but, in short, I believe it's because these hormones take time to start working (they need to disperse throughout your body, after all) and having them always working would cause serious problems, such as narcolepsy. | 891d157c-4950-455e-954d-22d95e6568cf |
c5vpcz | How do TV channels know their viewing figures and how accurate can they be with the numbers? | Companies use Nielsen ratings to measure audience size and composition. You used to sign up to be a ‘Neilson family’ which just meant you agree to having our viewing habits tracked. Neilson, the company, uses this sample (people that opted-in to be be tracked) to infer about the larger US population. So if most of their users are tuned into a certain program, they can infer that most of the US population in also tuning in. Today, this is much easier data to collect and more accurate. Before our TVs we’re not connected to the internet, so you had to have a Neilson box to collect data. Today most of our devices are smart devices, smart TVs, Apple TV, Fire TV, etc, so now it is like we all have Neilson boxes. Neilson has acquired companies that collect this kind of information about smart devices, so they have access to all of that viewer information. As far as how accurate, I’m not sure but they are surely directionally accurate. Meaning that if they say 90mil people are tuning in they are correct that a lot of people are watching. Neilson also knows some demographics about the area you are viewing from (your zip code for example), so they can also make a general statement about the type of people that are viewing since people tend to form communities around people similar to themselves. | 3b55368d-0130-43d7-83bc-fd0a6e63e7a5 |
c5vy95 | Why does it feel racist to ask people how to pronounce their names? | I think this is more personal opinion. Why would it be racist to ask someone their name? | 7af35935-5ae5-4f1b-b6d9-76b59650e847 |
c5w2v7 | Why does the engine of a vehicle only require around 1-3 thousand rpm other than for accelerating? | You do get better gas mileage at 60 for precisely that reason.
The ‘how’ it does it is because of the transmission and the gear your vehicle is in. | da45f279-27f6-4a73-b13e-a2c49168c76b |
c5woyz | When you take oral probiotics or eat yogurt and it goes through your digestive tract, how does that affect your vaginal health? | It doesn't it is pure marketing hype, what these now tend to claim is that the biotics reach your stomach still alive any further effects are not backed up by any scientific evidence at all. | ce0200fa-dff5-415c-b2f4-5f141283a15a |
c5wrgh | Why does the US have so many federal law enforcement agencies, many with overlapping objectives instead of having just one or two for all crimes? | Lawyer and former state-level prosecutor here,
How:
That's the way history happened. The Federal Gov't has limited power, and didn't really do much in the early years, e.g., under Pres. Washington. Each time a need for a specific task would arise, say to investigate counterfeiting, a new police force would be born! Here, the Secret Service.
This happened in different Fed'l offices for different reasons throughout US history, giving us countless Fed'l police forces, each with overlapping authority and jurisdiction.
& #x200B;
Why it's arguably a good thing:
Every organization is prone to "group think," where everyone in a group develops similar perspectives. By having separate groups independently doing their own thing, redundancy becomes built into the system.
& #x200B;
edit: clarity | 8649b8fd-4461-420f-9a1d-5b0a3670920c |
c5wt7r | How do poems written in foreign languages still rhyme after translation? Is the rhyming kept at the expense of original meaning? | With difficulty and care by the translator. Alot of lyrics don't translate word for word. Additionally Phrases don't translate culture to culture even if words are the translated. It's up to the translator to pick phrases that match the original intent of the author, rather than the words. | d89185ae-547a-4f8f-b2c7-c65481cb80bb |
c5wtpp | If I extend my arm and hold a bucket of water, there is effort occuring. if I hang it on a metal hanger, there appears to be no effort expended. Why? | I'm not sure I'm understanding the question but I'll try anyway.
Your muscles basically have two states - contracted and relaxed. To exert any kind of force (or to resists a force, like the weight of a bucket of water) muscles need to contract.
For muscles to contract, there needs to be an impulse sent to them. Each impulse requires energy. To stay contracted, there needs to be a continuous series of very fast impulses sent to the muscle. This is called tetanus, and it requires a significant amount of energy.
A metal hanger is a solid object. At normal conditions, it only has one state - rigid. The weight of the bucket is transferred to the hanger still, but it doesn't require continuous energy input to stay rigid, because that is its "relaxed" state. | d66f7bb9-d4f7-4d70-a82f-5c020f27e0cb |
c5x29a | Why is is so much easier to doze off for a nap than it is to fall asleep at night? | Probably because you feel tired when you nap but when you sleep its because its the designated time to sleep not because your tired | e15b99d7-02c4-4869-b00c-0919099fd5b4 |
c5x7v6 | If SF can ban e-cigarettes, why can't they ban real cigarettes? | Big tobacco has money in their pockets, so naturally you’re not going to ban someone whose “donating/gifting” you large sums of money. They can lobby for or against other products, e-cigs can help nurse people off smoking they even have fluids with zero nicotine.
Money | 4b04a8ff-b744-4f00-a6b7-ac8b38387488 |
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