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c6fjjx | Why we'd rather spend time reading the comments rather than reading the article to know the story, despite it might be quicker to read the article itself? | I think there are many reasons, but part of it could be this:
We are social creatures and have always relied on others to survive. In many ways it is from other peoples experiences and stories about those experiences that we learn how the world works and what can be considered the truth, not from our own experiences.
Reading the comments from other people before reading the article could be a way of trying to figure out if there is any truth to the article and if it's worth spending time reading it. | cb1a092a-45b1-43cd-9ac3-7e803bcec66f |
c6frky | How do soaps work? How do soaps like hand soaps get rid of the bacteria or germs from our hands when there are so many types of germs? Same goes for dish soaps. | Most soaps have one polar and one non-polar end. Water is polar so the soap sticks to it because like attracts like. Dirt and grim is nonpolar and sticks to the other end; the soap works like glue and attaches the dirt and germs to the water so that they are washed off by the water which attracts itself. | 2c8ad343-0051-4374-82d4-62fc3a975e03 |
c6g00h | Why does water expand when frozen? | Picture a bunch of people in a room. They're each a water molecule. Their body is the oxygen atom and each stretched out hand is a hydrogen atom.
In liquid form they're moving around some, bouncing into each other. Occasionally one will grab someone else's shirt for a while. That's a hydrogen bond. It's pretty weak but a bunch of them combined can actually be pretty strong. That's what gives water its surface tension.
As the water cools, they start to slow down. The bounces become less frequent and less energetic, so when someone grabs someone else's shirt they're able to hold on longer. As we cross the freezing point these interactions start getting locked in place. So now instead of losing grip on the shirt and bouncing together, they now stay at arm's length.
They start to chain together forming a 3D crystal structure. Now everybody is nice and organized, spaced apart from each other at arms length. There's very little bouncing off of other people.
So we went from a relatively dense state with people in close proximity frequently bouncing into each other, to a crystal state where everybody has space between everyone else, a less dense state. That's how water expands and density drops when frozen :D | ec0de78b-976e-4781-8904-ba83bd1608ca |
c6g9xb | Why does constantly craving/eating ice generally mean that you’re iron deficient? | Researchers are still investigating it and aren't sure. But a preliminary study suggests that eating ice increases blood flow to the brain, which feels good if you are anemic (as your brain craves extra oxygen). | 7d2d7012-6af8-4c1c-9413-0903ac7497f1 |
c6garj | Why is it that when you get light-headed, your vision gets fuzzy/staticky? | Most often? your brain isn't getting any blood. When your brain doesn't get what it needs it does the bare minimum to keep you alive and that doesn't include processing images. | 08b96c11-24d9-4913-af8f-6a17b7cfee34 |
c6gj69 | How do our bare feet grip onto slippery surfaces? What causes this traction? | The rough pattern of hand/foot skin — the same thing that gives you fingerprints — makes them more grippy. | e35337e0-efca-4a3d-945a-9bab8ea143f5 |
c6goav | How does a salmonella outbreak differ from getting salmonella from uncooked meat? | Scope
The outbreaks usually occur because of liquefied manure spread on fields as a fertilizer. Early enough before harvest and this isn't a problem. Now when this happens to produce that people tend to not cook thoroughly enough to kill the bacteria, and said produce gets sent all over the country, it can cause widespread infection
All chicken is presumed to have a high enough risk of salmonella infection that we cook it thoroughly as the standard operating procedure. Produce, not so much | a04aa003-c1d4-46fe-aa77-5fcd6bd4cfca |
c6gxse | What is domain and a host before making a website? | A domain is that thing most people type into the address bar.
EG
"_URL_1_"
"_URL_2_"
You need to register it so when someone types in _URL_0_ they reach you.
A host is the computer that actually responds once someone types in your web address. | 46d2ef96-7cdc-47fe-b55e-4286b1f39f3f |
c6h6ge | How does black light work? | It isn't the "black light" that is special, it is the compound itself. Black light is simply a frequency of light not in the visible spectrum (the UV) for humans.
Certain chemical compounds can absorb UV light (the energy in that light) and in the process re-emit light energy but this time in the visible spectrum - basically it has the property of "changing" the frequency of UV light that hits it. This is a property known as phosphorescence. | 01246cc8-4404-4815-8b95-64732036bff6 |
c6i5jj | How does caffeine affect people? | As i understand it.
Different people will break down caffeine faster than others. When caffeine has no affect its because you have a gene that breaks the caffeine down quickly and you wont get that caffeine buzz.
Others break down caffeine slowly and it stays in the system longer and will get that caffeine buzz. | c1ba6e87-b46a-461f-89e8-27cf56c84c63 |
c6i5mu | How does Tongue taste comparison works. How does it begin in the first place? | I'll start by saying that there's so much that we don't know.
Our current understand of taste is that our taste buds have different receptors that each sense a type of taste - bitter, sweet, salty, umami, sour. There may also be additional parts for carbonation and for fat. Each of these taste receptors pick up on different chemical cues. For example, umami (savory food such as meat) receptors pick up on glutamate. Salty receptors pick up on sodium. These taste receptors are located on taste cells on your taste buds. Most taste cells have at least 2 different types of taste receptors, so it's not that each cell is exclusive to one taste.
The activation of each type of taste receptor has different effects in the cell. Instead of each type of taste receptor or taste cell having its own separate path to the brain, they blend together into the brain. However, it appears like each of these pathways have a unique preference for certain tastes, such as a mostly "sweet" pathway to the brain.
Once we get inside the brain, the taste is processed in the gustatory cortex. Studies show that each type of taste sort of has their distinct region in the brain but they also have a lot of overlap. Each of these regions then kind of vote on how they feel about the food. The gustatory cortex also communicates with other parts of the brain for cues such as the food's texture, the food's temperature, memories of past meals, the food's smell, memories of the food's smell, etc. All of this gets combined to give you the perception of taste.
From there, the brain decides what to do. It might decide that you're hungry and you need to seek out more food. It might decide that what you ate is bad for you and you need to vomit it all out.
If you're interested in looking further, you can either ask here or look into taste transduction or taste processing. | ac7a6a0b-c18f-426e-8b9b-c1b172eff843 |
c6it3f | How is it possible for an air source heat pump to gain heat from outside air when it's colder than inside? | You compress the gas to make it hot. That goes inside the house.
Expand the gas. It gets real cold. Colder than outside. Let it warm up to the outside "cold" temp. Bring it inside and compress it. It gets hot.
Repeat. | 3ccd9e84-a2d4-4a76-9e67-198ce06648a6 |
c6izdq | What happens when you feel liquid in your stomach? | It happens because there’s liquid in there. It’s moving around. It doesn’t mean anything special. | b8dd97ff-a430-4c90-856c-7c83174cc12b |
c6j6c1 | How are there mountains, where there aren't any plate Boundaries? | Well, I'm not too certain of the geological side, but here in Norway the mountains were carved and split and pushed up and rounded off by the ice during the ice age | 28470a9b-6325-4c06-bc9e-361398e0f36b |
c6j6q4 | How fire fighters ,most of the time, are able to determine what caused the fire? How can they do such a thing if everything is burned down? | I stole this from a google search I did:
The easiest way is usually to ask the occupant of the fire building. They can usually tell you where they first discovered the fire.
If no one was home, you follow the damage.
Usually the room where the fire starts will have the most damage to it from heat. In a single room and contents fire that's pretty easy to determine, but once the fire spreads, you look for the most heat damage.
Then within the room of origin you look for a tell tale V shaped burn pattern. The bottom of that V will usually be the point of origin of the fire.
From there you have to figure out what was the actual cause of ignition by talking to occupants and examining the surrounding area for items that could have started the fire. Is there a frayed electrical cord? Is there a nearby ash tray that could point to careless disposal of a cigarette? Is there an electric outlet near the base of the V? What's plugged in to the outlet? Is there a power strip that was overloaded?
Slowly, you usually eliminate the things that didn't start the fire before really focusing on the one or two things that might have been the cause. | 7ec1dd31-e185-41ff-a452-0548fca6a0be |
c6jd1m | Why does water conservation matter in areas with plentiful rainfall? | Same reason you save money even though you have a good monthly salary I guess, there is no guarantee that the rain will fall for ever | d4b96e5c-7846-4eb5-91ed-5f43c13d0aa0 |
c6jguk | How do websites which ask for the X, Y and Zth letter of my password avoid storing it in plain text? | There’s no guarantee that they aren’t. They very well might be. It only takes one lazy programmer or someone on an “off” day to set to store in plain text. | 09b2649d-20f8-4a20-aedd-908012f92520 |
c6jl7h | Why is a hot shower at night relaxing and calming, but in the morning it’s invigorating and helps wake you up? | Id say it's mostly your attitude. When you wake up, you know you have to wake up and want to, so the ritual of showering and cleansing is getting you ready for the day. Likewise in the evening, you're winding down after your day, so you go to this cozy warm place you like, and you shower and cleanse yourself, ready to relax.
The same thing, the only thing that changes is your frame of mind. | 2b92bc30-4f23-472e-81f0-a74a719fe43f |
c6k33g | How do 'Electronic Water Conditioners' change your water when they never touch and don't chemically change the water? | the magnets around the water pipe don't really do anything. they also get sold to increase fuel milage / cooking gas economy etc. its a scam and they do fuck all. | f6e04ac8-93e6-4d41-bffb-cf79108072ae |
c6kaij | why did christianity become so popular in so many countries? | Those religions that command their adherents to proselytize and convert others to their faith, whether by persuasion or coercion (e.g. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, etcetera) — generically referred to as "Missionary Religions" — are better at spreading across vast regions of the globe than religions that DO NOT command their adherents to convert others (e.g. Judaism, Shinto, etcetera).
Christianity and Islam in particular have spread not just through missionary proselytism but also through military conquest and the forced conversion of subjugated nations, Buddhism not as much.
Religions that neither proselytize nor conquer can pretty much only grow by adherents having more children.
Some religions command followers to proselytize *and* have as many children as possible (e.g. Catholicism and Mormonism). | 6243297b-22b6-43c6-a87e-96fc2a38c2ed |
c6kc8x | Are those "adopt a kid in Africa" charities a scam? How can you tell a scam from the real thing? | If it says Africa in the charity...it is a scam. Charity in Africa has become counterproductive, as corrupt African governments have come to rely on donations to feather their own beds. The amount of aid that actually goes to those that need it, is minimal at best.
& #x200B;
In terms that a Five year old can understand. Charity in Africa is bad, because all the corrupt people steal the money before the poor people get it. | 71c8c037-afcb-424c-a61a-174b0b04a377 |
c6kffh | Why do popcorn kernels pop at different times? | They all have a slightly different composition, the temperature and amount of oil also differs depending of the location of the kernel in the pan. The pan doesn’t distribute heat evenly. | f60fecc3-249e-41e5-8912-1a3b7b0a88b9 |
c6klvy | As the body can do unusual stuff while on drugs (e.g. being more productive, hallucinate and being more creative, having a better night of sleep), why can't we develop these abilities naturally? | It's an unsustainable advantage, which is why often drugs damage internals. Out own bodies won't do this ourselves and we can't choose to consciously without drugs since we aren't root user
On the other hand, it's simply better to choose when and how,
would I wanna be high all the time? No ty | d01a7870-73d1-4e2a-bee7-771782b6625d |
c6kq1m | Help me understand these numbers please? | u/daddy_khan is it possible to show is an image?
What part are you working on? Depending on the parts being serviced, 4.4 could become more obvious represent newton meters, inch pounds, foot pounds. Example, a lug but on a passenger car will not be torqued to a spec of 4.4 newton meters. That would be far too loose.
Also, in the manual, 4.4 could refer to a section of the manual. While (45, 39) could be the pages of that section where further detail on the service is found.
4.4 could represent the part number reference in a microfiche table as well. So more info is likely needed to help you. | b632d613-108c-4369-ace0-f031922f4a1d |
c6kqmg | How do weather forecasts calculate the "feels like X" temperature? How can a temperature feel like another temperature? | Usually it's based off wind chill factors and humidity. They dont change the temperature, but they make it feel warmer or colder than the base temperature. | 21b6547d-e619-43f1-b8a2-05bbf0636090 |
c6ktmf | What actually IS happening when we experience tinnitus (ringing in ears) and why? | So there are two types of tinnitus: the one where only you hear the sound (which can be ringing, blowing, thistling, swishing, etc., called “subjective tinnitus”, and the topic here) and the one where OTHERS can also hear what you’re hearing (e.g. a build up of plaque in one of the arteries that feeds your ear, so you and others hear the sound of turbulent blood passing - called a ‘bruit’ - and is known as “objective tinnitus”). Objective, because there is something veritably causing the sound heard. But this is much rarer.
Unfortunately, as with much of medicine, subjective processes remain the most elusive, because only the patient appreciates (initially) what is the matter.
The answer eludes you because it eludes everyone currently. The last 3 years have seen new pathophysiological theories as to what causes the tinnitus. The leading theory for a while has been that damage to the FIRST part of the cochlea - the part responsible for hearing high-pitched sounds - results in the brain bemusingly trying to compensate by now producing that sound. Frequently. And continuously. And that can be and is incredibly irritating. The damage could be due to toxins (certain drugs), loud sounds, an ear infection and/or effusion, an autoimmune process, etc. or simple “age-related hearing loss” - called presbycusis. (The reason that high-pitched sounds are lost first in presbycusis is also the reason that tinnitus is the most common first sign of hearing loss).
We will eventually figure it out but it remains frustrating nonetheless. Tinnitus is readily understood when there are other symptoms present, but isolated tinnitus - if not due to age-related hearing loss - remains poorly understood. | 07da447b-b358-4a0b-98d1-bc51e5d5fafa |
c6l61c | Why do British people and American people speak different English? | Different geographic areas. Same way Mexico and Spain speak Spanish but have differences in the spoken language.
Same with accents within the US itself. Southern accents vs western vs far north. | ee744106-fa6d-43aa-9999-02027cd3435e |
c6l6q8 | How are live-action movies dubbed into other languages? | The mics used in film making can get pretty specific with exactly what sounds they want to pick up, and tend to stick to the actor dialogue. Most of the sounds you hear like footsteps, doors, etc., are added in later. The dubbing really just replaces the voice audio tracks, so its not too difficult of a process. | 438056cc-2607-41a4-b9f6-ca8c5c0d8b8d |
c6lcz4 | How does the negative photo illusion work? | This is a result of the way vision works in humans (and many other animals)
On the back of your eyes are cells called rod, and cone cells. Rod cells are more sensitive, so they work in low light, but they have no ability to see different colors (this is why you loose your color vision in the dark). Cone cells are less sensitive, but they can see in three different colors, red, green and blue.
When a photon hits one of these cells, it is absorbed by some photo sensing proteins in the cells, and the cells detect this change, and relay it to your brain over the optic nerve. After a protein is used, it changes to a different shape, and stops functioning until it is changed back, or replaced (I'm not sure which, I don't quite understand the chemistry involved). So, if you stimulate a rod or cone cell a lot, all of it's proteins will be depleted\*, and you'll loose vision in that cell. This is why if you stare at a bright light, after a few moments you will get a dark spot in your vision where the light was.
If you stare at a negative photo for a while, you'll deplete the photo sensing proteins in those cells, and those cells will stop responding to light. Then, when you look at a white wall, the cells that haven't been depleted are able to respond to the white (allowing them to "see" it), but the ones that have been depleted aren't. As a result, you see a color version of the negative.
\*The word depleted may have a different meaning in chemistry or biology, so I'm not certain the use of the word here is correct. | 9e89a543-31a8-409b-b3bd-653c9f867296 |
c6m06a | Why does the UK have multiple currencies? | It doesn't have multiple currencies, they are all British Pound Sterling. Same currency, different notes.
There used to be many banks throughout the UK that issued "promissory notes". They were basically notes promising that the issuing bank is holding that many pounds on behalf of the owner of that note.
Then the Bank of England took over that role, and no new licenses to issue notes were given out. Over time all the licenses for commercial banks in England and Wales were cancelled, leaving the BoE as the sole body that issued notes.
But that didn't happen in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Banks in those nations kept their licenses. Partly because people liked having their own unique Scottish/Northern Irish notes and didn't want Bank of England ones.
The way these banks operate is that in their vaults they have Bank of England notes worth millions of pounds (e.g. a "titan" note is worth £100m), and all the notes they issue must be backed by these special BoE notes.
As for territories, it's just whatever makes sense for them. Some decided to have their own pounds pegged 1 to 1 with British pounds, others decided to use US Dollars presumably due to their proximity to the US. | aef07efa-e0cf-466f-9bfd-2ce074401b92 |
c6m1vt | Why using MDMA can reduce our standart serotonine level | Yes, bodies are adaption machines. No matter what you put inside it the human Body will try to keep up functional levels. If you flood it with serotonin it will adapt to this high supply and will constantly demand it from the outside. | db098f0e-f827-4969-ade6-0e7f725fb662 |
c6m2kd | How was something like GameShark able to work on old game consoles? | Gameshark worked via injection.
It would sit between the game cartridge and the game system and inject code changes into the passing data before it was processed by the game system.
The cheat codes that you entered just told the Gameshark what actual code to inject as the game data passed through it. | 7f55ca2f-ecba-4901-b564-8cbd80a54eeb |
c6mdkh | How does DNA translate to an animal’s natural instincts? As in, how can genetic code give an animal innate knowledge about the natural world while the animal is developing in the lightless womb of its mother? | Let's look at a very very simple example - ticks.
Ticks have a few instincts - "Move towards warmth" "Move towards the scent of carbon dioxide" and "When the smell of carbon dioxide is very strong - BITE."
These are not learned behavior; a tick starts exhibiting these as soon as it hatches from an egg. Moving towards warmth means that rather than lying on the ground, where they're unlikely to be picked up by an animal, they crawl to the top of grass, where the warmth of the sun is greater - and where they're more likely to get picked up by an animal.
Once they're on an animal, they start to burrow towards the source of carbon dioxide - the mammal's skin, which is constantly emitting carbon dioxide. There, the scent is very strong, and the tick bites and starts to feed.
These are all hard-wired into the tick's brain. The "warmth sensing" brain circuitry feeds directly into the "movement" brain circuitry.
These are simple examples, but the kind of provide a template for more complex examples. Mammals have a hard-wired desire to stay close to their mother when very young, to seek out and suck on nipples, to flee from loud sounds. | 650827fe-1ddc-48ec-bae1-68188490f4a1 |
c6mqpg | How did taking a knee to propose become tradition? What was the original significance of it? | Perhaps originates in chivalric code tradition. A knight would go down on one knee to signify loyalty and obedience and deference to his liege. Much of the code of chivalry was to do with rules of battle and fair play and prisoners, not so much the treatment of women and the vulnerable. But if you wanted to show respect for a wellborn woman you want to marry, it might be a natural way to show it. | bdab7c94-a991-473f-b09d-45afe3ab1bb6 |
c6n8sk | how are parrots able to mimic what people say and remember certain phrases? | Since they're not using real language, think of it like if someone asked you to use your voice to mimic the music part of Take On Me by A-Ha. You could do that right? You're not speaking in a language, but you're using your vocal chords to pass on something that has no linguistic meaning for you. | 45a3ceaf-743a-4732-afa9-9de5d13da86b |
c6njw4 | Why does dental insurance cover so much less of the cost of procedures than health insurance? | Dental tends to cover the regular maintenance tasks for your teeth like cleaning, X-ray, fluoride (for kids), etc. Extra items may have a co-pay or a present co erase but since they are so infrequent you likely wouldn’t want to cover them all the time. Wisdom extraction is once in a life thing (for most) but a more common but still infrequent would be crowns, bridges, and other ‘major repair’ for your teeth.
Unless you are super lucky, you will have to head to a dental surgeon vs your regular dentist for extraction. Often, regular healthcare can help cover these costs if your plan is designed for it. | ebf87927-943a-4bd0-9e51-60f5a4472bf3 |
c6nl1d | how are we able to put information on radio waves? I know how radio waves travel, but how do we get info on them like music or news? | There are two* ways to get information onto light (which is what radio waves are): change the brightness (amplitude modulation or AM) or change the color/frequency (frequency modulation or FM).
You can't extract information from the raw carrier wave, but, if you track how the wave changes from baseline, you can extract a signal.
For the simplest of analogue AM radios, you can adjust the intensity of the carrier wave in time with the sound wave. Your radio will move its speaker cone a distance proportional to the strength of the signal; if the signal gets stronger, the cone moves forwards, and if the signal gets weaker, the cone moves backwards. Since the signal strength is moving in time with the sound waves, the speaker cone will move in time with the sound - *producing sound* in the process.
FM radio does the same, but equates the frequency/color of the signal to motion of the cone.
Digital works the same as both, but instead of adjusting the signal based on an analog audio signal, it adjusts it to simulate the bits of data in a computer, which a more advanced radio antenna can decode and feed into a computer on the receiving end. | d885a75d-1ff7-40c3-bf2e-b52f1498fd58 |
c6nu1r | Does body adapt to different climates? If yes, how does it adapt? | Yes. When army people are dropped off at a new location, their bodies have to get used to, or acclimatize, to the new weather and temperatures, normally over 2-3 weeks. A returned soldier friend of mine said that when his squadron went home by plane, they hadn't received proper time to acclimate, so when they left the temperatures of Afghanistan at 115° F, they were going through an area of 60° weather (I think through Colorado) and some of them were experiencing hypothermia (body malfunctions due to sudden drop in temperature)
Same thing also goes for different altitudes. If you go into the mountains, your body also needs to get used to not having as much oxygen in the air. As a result, your body stores a lot more oxygen in the blood. Some athletes train this way when prepping for a major event | 074839a2-e5f3-4d49-b9e7-2145fd2230c3 |
c6nzqn | When we scratch our skin, why do white lines appear and what are they? | The outermost layer of your skin is dead skin cells. When you scratch this layer, it causes the cells to break and fray. The white is due to light refracting and bouncing through these cells much in the same way that clouds or snow appear white. | d8a08d63-0a4c-42d9-ad42-fad1967f4153 |
c6o6xa | Why does water come out of cut vegetables when salt is added? | Given a water permeable wall like the vegetable's cells, water will move so that the concentration of dissolved substances like salt is equal on both sides. This process is called [osmosis](_URL_0_). Why it does so is complicated, but ultimately, since there is more salt outside than inside, some amount of water is drawn out. You can also do this with sugar and probably other substances. Given a pure water environment, water will flow the opposite way, potentially causing cells to burst. | 27dae9d7-3c79-461a-8a4e-aea9e0360b97 |
c6ombq | How do micro SD cards keep having more an more memory, yet stay the same size? | Most of the size of a microSD card is taken up by the wiring from the contacts to the chip(s). The chip is actually a pretty small part of the card. What is happening is the chip manufacturers are constantly improving their fabrication techniques and researchers are refining the physics so we're able to fit more 'stuff' onto a chip the same size. This is Moore's Law that the other comment mentions.
Also if you did make a smaller SD card then it wouldn't fit anything. The card manufacturers together with the device manufacturers agreed on the dimensions of the card. That way the card maker could all make cards which would fit in many different devices. And the device manufacturers could make devices which take cards from anyone. This is how standards in the electronics world work. Companies that try to buck the standard often don't last long. | 08c5de47-6411-4d6f-a080-f9b709d3afbc |
c6oo66 | How do animals, that live in parts of the world where the sun barely sets in summer, know when to go to bed? | When they are tired. Animals just sort of do their own thing, they don't have firm schedules, clock in and out at work, or get scolded for staying up past their bedtime. | c67f6c0a-7f28-42e3-a650-e3e191591944 |
c6pc8j | what level of understanding can a 5 year old understand and why it’s the gold standard for simplification. | There are concrete ideas and there are abstract ideas. I believe that 5 year olds are typically at the age where they can only truly wrap their heads around concrete ideas. These are things that are tangible, and have a clear meaning in life. They understand what taste is, what smell is, what vision is, what the sky looks like, what they look like, etc. They think kinesthetically, even if it's in their head. Put simply, it's easier to explain to a 5yr old that 5 + 5 is just the same as putting 5 apples in front of them, "plus" another 5. If they cannot think about it in terms of their tangible experiences, then it's difficult to explain and for them to understand. Even in Calculus, kids are taught to think intuitively first ("think of this car's instantaneous velocity" allows them to recall looking at the speedometer, and defines the derivative at a point of a position function). The difference is that 5 year olds only manage to understand concrete things, because at that age, that's all that's really in their crystallized intelligence.
I would argue it's because both crystallized and fluid intelligence develop as a person gets older.
Crystallized intelligence has to do with "intelligence" stored in memory. By the time you're in your teens, you have a lot more stored in memory than before, allowing you to apply prior knowledge to grasp new concepts. If you did not even know what an apple was (i.e. you didn't have that crystallized intelligence to apply that to this situation ) then how would you understand that 5 + 5 explanation? If you do not know what function is, how would you do calculus? So, I would argue that, the more crystallized intelligence a person has, the more advanced topics they can understand.
& #x200B;
Secondly, there's fluid intelligence. These are simply problem solving and thinking skills, in novel situations. This also improves as the person gets older, and at 5, there certainly isn't a lot of it.
& #x200B;
5 year old is a pretty arbitrary number I think, although I imagine we choose that number (as opposed to something like 4, 6, or 5.5, etc.) for the same reason why so many cultures use base 10 counting: we have 10 fingers, 5 on each hand. 5 and 10 seem to come naturally since they are seen on both our hand(s) and feet. This is why 5 just "sounds better" than 6 or 4 or some other number. If we had a different base system, such as Oksapmin base-27 body part counting, then another number would just "sound better." This is just my theory though. | 291feafc-a70a-45c3-8bbe-2916d3efe576 |
c6pxoe | Why when traveling in a moving vehicle we feel the wind/air always coming in from windows but never going out, always wind/air coming inside shouldn't be possible since it will result in high pressure buildup inside the vehicle. So why we never feel wind/air flowing outside? | When moving in a vehicle the wind isnt blowing. It is a static column and your vehicle is running into it. The vehicle forces the air outwards, compressing it. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The compressed air pushes back against the vehicle the same amount.
If your window is open the outside air pushes against the inside air. If the inside air has nowhere to go then the inside air prevents the outside our from entering and you hear that 'wubb wubb wubb' sound caused by the changes in air pressure as the inside and outside air pushes against each other.
If a back window is also open then the outside air pushes the inside air out the back window since the air pressure against the back window is less due to portions of that air column having already passed the vehicle.
If both front windows are open then variations in pressure on each window means air is constantly pushing back and forth against each other with inside air escaping whenever it encounters a path of least resistance.
Thus wind.
If you want windows open without the wubb wubb, open another window at a different amount than yours. Creates a pressure differential with counstant air flow into or out of the vehicle, prevents the wubb wubb. | 3c5c98d0-af0d-49a1-83bb-4cfee0576dc2 |
c6q38u | Why is it that when you've got a bad cough you're forced to cough almost every minute, but when you fall asleep you don't have the urge to do so? | The body actually paralyzes you so when youre running or doing something in your dream you dont actually do it in real life and hurt yourself. Same thing is applied to when you cough. The body suppresses the physical aspect of it but reminds you of the mental aspect of it if that makes sense. | 45343955-9c8d-4bc1-b217-5648a2c2ca22 |
c6qk49 | how do they monitor speed by aircraft on highways? | There are marks painted on the pavement a known distance apart. The vehicle in question is timed from when it crosses one mark until it crosses the next mark. Divide the distance between marks by the time measured and you get speed.
Then they radio down the details. | 8c026a55-50aa-4d51-9440-ac0298a1acc1 |
c6qkwj | Why do comas happen, and why do doctors perform medically induced comas? | Coma happens when what’s going on is too much for your body to handle. It basically puts it in standby mode to either heal or shut down. It conserves energy and preserves the most basic functions, which can preserve life. Doctors induce comas to allow the body to heal without having to worry about maintaining full system functioning and to preserve life if it’s possible. | 38ab683a-c2fa-47b2-9ab3-d5818fd530b7 |
c6qm2v | why do rubber soled shoes squeak? | I’m confused which squeak? There’s an every step squeak - most likely caused by moisture, and then there’s the squeak that happens when your shoes are catching grip like in basketball. The latter is a phenomenon called stick-slip. Shoes are made to produce this sound on purpose as an auditory cue to verify that the user is getting the right amount of grip on the court. The right amount of grip being, your shoes sticks when you want it to,but has a little bit of give and slips a bit after sticking to prevent jarring the body from stopping so instantly. So the noise is the slip and the compression of the sole. | 60d5e971-2bea-4a8c-9294-f9aa95baada4 |
c6qq6q | What causes the "calm before the storm"? | People use that figuratively but it comes from literal weather observations. Which are you talking about? | 35eb2b44-87ab-4fdc-8e25-7a39783144ec |
c6qqwh | Why is it good for you to "air out" a cut or other such wound? | lol so many answers in this thread are just people talking out their ass.
My lazy googling says no, unless the wound is small and already scabbed you shouldn't air it out. Airing it out dries the wound and exposes it to infection.
_URL_0_
Edit: Wow a lot of attention to my literal 10 seconds of googling. Hey if someone gives me gold for my low effort post I'll PM you a picture of my anus.
Edit 2: Thank you for the gold, enjoy my anus kind stranger! | 150adc9b-6541-44a2-93fc-de71fa34eea7 |
c6r86e | Why is going asleep on your stomach so bad for you but feel so good? | If sleeping on your back is *uncomfortable*, maybe you just need a new mattress. If you want to sleep on your stomach, though, know that sleeping on your stomach can put your lower back in an awkward position. If stomach sleeping is more comfortable for you, try sleeping with a pillow under your stomach. That will put your spine in a more neutral position to alleviate the strain. | 9abdbccf-440a-40f7-9048-8f7a09070b32 |
c6rsrq | Even with old movies (releases in the years before the superhero trend), why do critic review scores and audience votes almost always have a huge gap either way? | I don't think the critics' scores and audience scores are as far apart as you think.
But critics have seen it all. Imagine watching several movies every day for decades, and then researching them and writing about them. You'd know everything about movies. The public might think X movie is great, but the critic has already seen 57 movies just like it and he knows how derivative and unimaginative it is. Critics like to see new ideas; "regular people" like the same old shit over and over again. | 5457c4b6-ffde-435d-b518-653201ff2ec1 |
c6rtba | Why do most people shun the belief of extraterrestrials when majority of the population is religious and the majority of religions believe their "Gods" came from the sky or elsewhere? | Most don't believe their deity is an extraterrestrial.
Plus, I believe it is possible there are other beings out there, but that doesn't mean I have to believe people who say they are visiting. An actual visiting alien is going to need some proof | 2a5e9d31-0e27-4d68-a186-c5da25a5e985 |
c6ruko | when you jump into water from a certain height, you move so fast that hitting the water is the same as hitting concrete. How come then a bullet can go through water, shouldn't it hit the surface and crumple because of the speed? | It does, a gun that shoots bullets a high velocity will do exactly that. The bullet never even makes it past the surface. A gun that shoots relatively slow on the other hand, the bullet does beak the surface. There was a mythbusters episode about this I am sure you could find on YouTube | a0fcea6c-272a-4409-927d-bb11a2b74b94 |
c6s5hj | Why are our eyes not affected by the saltiness in our tears as opposed to something like sea salt? | Simply put...
Tears contains the exact same amount of salt as the rest of our body liquids. That's about 0.9 % salt.
Ocean water is a lot saltier at about 3.5% salt or about 4 times more salt content. That's why ocean water stings. It is too salty. | a9669eac-c52d-4b33-b1c5-b7dced0df283 |
c6sazv | How do TV show Premieres work? Do they just show the first episode and then it’s over? | For the actual showing of the episodes, yes, its usually in a theater and they generally just show the first episode, and thats that.
However generally before the event there's a reception, party, drinks, foods, mingling, pictures, media, interviews, and so on. Afterwards there may be events as well, meaning drinking. | d7bb6e5c-b981-4bff-b93b-c46e7fc7735b |
c6sddq | How can people eat gold flakes in dishes without health consequences? | Because gold is inert. Our bodies don't absorb it. It passes right through you and you poop it out unchanged. Other metals like lead are toxic because they're similar enough to other elements our bodies use that it can't tell the difference and absorbs them. Gold is different enough that it doesn't fit into anything our bodies need so it just passes right through your digestive system untouched. | a618aea6-2ac5-4927-83aa-7e9face7b817 |
c6se1b | How come phones (iPhones) in particular lose charge at odd rates? | Charge memory. It is very much not an exclusivly iPhone issue. It is a lithium-ion battery issue. Li-on is the best to date battery for the way smart phones are used, but hardly anyone takes care of the battery in a healthy way. Anyway, if you always plug in your phone to charge at 30% life remaining, eventually it just assumes its only ever going to need to deplete up to that 30% mark. So after a while it just starts to give up and die at weird levels like 30. As it ages this can increase. Bad batteries also show leaps and bounds in battery depletion as apposed to a healthy battery which would deplete in a smooth curve. Li-on batteries ideally need to be drained till the device shuts of at least once a week, plugged in to charge at no more than 15% life, and never left plugged in to a charger after it has come back to 100%. This unfortunately is very far from being convenient to most people, so the batteries shit out in 2 years, but can last longer. | 8834f0a0-5c2e-4a5e-b2f4-580ff15482ea |
c6sgaf | Photoshop. How does it work? | It's not actually filling in what's behind your friend; Photoshop is actually making it up using its best guess. That content-aware fill is completely fake. | bde897ed-39ea-4b56-bb02-56ffc864655d |
c6skjs | Can I get mononucleosis from one sip of the supposedly mononucleosis-infested beer? | Yes its possible
Probable? Dont know
Impossible? Doubt it
& #x200B;
Wont know till you test or show symptoms | 88b18139-fdb3-423b-bc3e-a02a6da64a40 |
c6t3v2 | What happens to the vast amounts of bacteria and dust that the human body breathes in on a daily basis? | Some dust that you breathe in, you breathe right back out. The dust that you don't breathe out gets stuck in the mucus inside your lungs. In the mucus layer, there are a bunch of little wiggling "fingers" or "hairs" called cilia. The cilia are always slowly pushing the mucus in your lungs up towards your throat, where you swallow it. | 419b7ef9-5ddc-493d-b847-e926209e5af5 |
c6tat4 | Why are dental and vision separate from general health insurance in the US? | It’s nothing to do with what people’s attitudes are towards vision or dental. It’s a holdover from attitudes over a century ago. They used to not have the very well established, powerful organizations and schools of medicine like we have now. It was like the Wild West, with far less regulation or standardization. Medical teaching varied a lot in quality and content, and different people specialized in different things.
Dentistry, like surgery, was bloody and dirty and agonizing. In England, surgeons were lower middle class. They cut off the limbs of screaming people and they followed armies and navies around cleaning up wounds.They were literally not “doctors”. The term “doctor” was a term of honor bestowed on people who had studied a long time, and lawyers, philosophers, and medical men got it after years of schooling. They were upper middle class or upper class who could afford years of schooling. Surgeons were just “Mr.”, never “Dr.” because they weren’t of the class that went to higher education, they apprenticed. Same with midwives, same with dentists.
Over time, doctors absorbed the tasks of midwives and surgeons, making obstetrics part of regular medicine and making surgeons doctors. But what about dentistry? As committed, professional men began elevating medical standards and establishing rules for who could and could not be a doctor (rules in 19th century US for who could call themselves “Dr.” and what constitutes a medical school were very loose.), they decided NOT to assimilate dentistry into medicine.
In 1840, some dentists trying to systematize and elevate their field contacted all the US med schools to try to convince them to make dentistry part of their curriculum. They were rejected. To accept dentists was to associate the distinguished status of doctors with people they considered to be sleazy. disreputable, and uneducated. So dentists went on to found their own professional associations, standards, journals. and schools, separate from doctors. They’ve all become so respectable that it’s hard to even imagine that that was the thinking in the 19th century. Here’s an article where you can read more. _URL_0_
As for vision: it is part of medicine and covered by insurance, in the case of ophthalmologists. But while optometrists and opticians didn’t have the same status situation as dentists, they did arise from different professions in the same way. They were artisans who ground lenses. Back when they started creating health insurance, a pretty small percent of the population used glasses regularly. Insurance cur lots of things out of coverage and that included some things like medical devices—glasses are medical devises, not a sickness of the body. Thus far that’s persisted. | 5aa93a4e-7bcf-42b7-903d-770f9ab2be82 |
c6tawh | Why does the character "ヲ" exist? Like, it it used ever. | > So why does ヲ exist?
I tell myself when I have these questions in Japanese, "Well, it does."
It's just katakana 'wo', you can think of it as an obsolete character that hasn't been discontinued yet like 'wi' or 'we' have.
My understanding is that it might be used to draw attention or emphasis, like if someone named their boutique 'exis10nce'. For example, it's used in the title treatment for the 'Evangelion' films: ヱヴァンゲリヲン (and that first character is obsolete katakana 'we' pronounced as 'e'). One of the characters in the show is named カヲル. | 47d9931b-7e41-4e48-96e4-cf0f34295df4 |
c6tdpt | how come when it's dark you don't see just black, you see what looks like TV static? | Fun fact! Not everyone sees this. I asked my mom the same question when I was a kid. She knew what i was talking about but my dad thought we were both crazy. Turns out we have the very creatively named Visual Snow Syndrome.
Here's some further reading.
_URL_0_ | 6bfcb2dc-9d49-4b49-b1b1-b345727c80c9 |
c6tk7d | Does snoozing your alarm to get those extra few minutes of sleep have any actual benefits? | So I don't see many answers addressing your actual question, which I believe is do you get any rest from those few minutes. The answer by and large is no. One sleep cycle takes on average 90 minutes. On average you will have between 4 and 6 a night and different people will have different amounts at different rates.
Generally sleep that restores takes about 30 minutes to enter the first stage of the cycle. Naps are recommended as 30 minutes, 90 minutes, or a full night because of this. A 30 minute nap won't allow the body to accumulate the chemical signals that lead to.grogginess, a 90 minute gives you one full cycle at the end of which your body is naturally waking.
You can hit that alarm every 15 minutes the whole day and you will still be as tired as when you first woke up because your body can't begin a sleep cycle.
If you find you always feel like crap when you wake up by your alarm, there are aps that help you find your circadian rhythm and map your rem cycle. Ideally you should be waking up right at the end of a full rem cycle. If you wake up in the middle you will feel groggy. | 0edd30a2-ad1c-4731-bb4d-e0e06324e50e |
c6tyg0 | How does the ice cream inside “fried ice cream” not melt once it goes into the deep fryer? | It is a large ball of ice cream covered in a thin layer of whatever on the outside and fried for only a brief moment, enough to cook the outside. The heat doesn’t have time to penetrate very far into the ice cream. | a210b5df-3285-4bc0-92c1-ba42ea0acec0 |
c6u4ha | How can we eat blue cheese but we can't eat other moldy cheese? | Different kind of mold, blue cheese is not the only type of cheese with mold. Some off the top of my head: Blue, Brie, Camembert, Gorgonzola, Stilton, and Roquefort. | b26cbecf-009c-488c-ad30-b1b7ff62cf31 |
c6uc7c | Rip current? | Sometimes, a current forms on and near the surface of an ocean that pulls the water and anything in it rapidly away from the coast. This current can be caused by a lot of factors.
Anyone caught in the current is in a dangerous situation, because they can quickly be pulled too far from the shore to swim back before exhausting them self and drowning; especially if they try to fight the current by swimming directly against it.
Anyone caught in such a situation should instead try to swim at a 90 degree angle of the current (parallel to the shore). This gives them the best chance of getting out of the area of the current. Once they are no longer being sucked out to sea, they have a higher chance to make it back to shore safely. | b95d99bc-0761-4e0a-91d0-b8dbb6d65d91 |
c6uceo | I’ve heard that red light helps you sleep better. Is there some special technology that causes the light emitted to be red or is it just a regular lightbulb apparatus encased in red glass? | Red light doesn't help you sleep better. Non-red, and especially blue light makes you sleep worse. No light is still better than red light. It is because your body uses blue light as a way of recognizing sunlight, since firelight is typically more red.
In terms of ways of making red light...
Short answer to second question: On a practical level, all red light is the same
Long answer: There are many ways to make red light - some involve putting white light through a filter (which is wasteful since you are just throwing away all of the blue and green light), while others involve making it directly (such as LEDs or neon lamps). This property is part of why LEDs and the like are more efficient than incandescent bulbs.
Typically, red light that is made directly, as opposed to filtered white light, is of only one frequency. Practically speaking, this doesn't matter. It just means that if you put it through a different colored filter, you'll get a lot less light. | 4fde6f1a-8fbf-47fb-8af5-c8f1c4169802 |
c6um93 | the difference between shampoo, body wash, and hand soap. | Most modern liquid "soaps" are not technically soaps at all, which is to say they're not produced from mixing vegetable or animal fats with a strongly alkaline solution such as lye or potash. Instead they're a blend of (usually) petroleum-derived surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate with other chemicals to produce a detergent that matches the desired use.
Shampoo is designed to be gentle on the keratin which forms hair, have strong foaming properties to be more easily worked through the fine strands, remove common hairstyling products, and - especially for those of us with more than a couple inches of hair - have specific effects on the texture of the hair. It has a fairly low concentration of surfactants so that it rinses out quickly and you're not in the shower forever trying to get it all out of your hair.
Hand and body wash is usually formulated with a mild surfactant to avoid skin irritation, plus various ingredients that can moisturize the skin, add scent, improve lather, etc. Lathering agents are generally surfactants as well, so there's a careful balance here between getting a nice lather and not drying out skin. Hand washes are usually less foamy since they don't need to cover much surface area and are used frequently throughout the day, while body washes tend towards more foam since they need to cover a lot more surface area and are used less frequently. They're both a bit more concentrated than shampoo, since it's easier to rinse soap off of skin than hair, and in the case of body wash, most consumers pour it onto a sponge/pouf/washcloth/etc. before applying it to the skin, which spreads it out thinner than applying it directly. Face washes are their own magical category and can include all sorts of fun chemistry like ceramides and multivesicular emulsions, alpha hydroxy acids, benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid, etc. - and as an acne sufferer, it definitely makes a difference.
Bar soaps are one area where true soaps are still relatively common. Moisturizing ingredients can also be added, and the naturally occurring glycerine is also somewhat moisturizing. However, traditional soaps also have a lot of limitations. They have a fairly narrow range of environments in which they're effective, needing hot water with a low mineral content to function, and must be rinsed a second time with clean water to avoid deposits.
Laundry detergents are commonly formulated these days with specific surfactants designed to work well with cold and hard water, both of which decrease the effectiveness of traditional soaps. They're also highly concentrated, since they're going to be diluted by the large volume of wash-water, which is why just a few drops of liquid detergent on your hands will take much longer to rinse off than an equal amount of hand soap. This is also why ideally you should fill the washer with soap and water so they can mix, then add the clothes.
Dishwasher detergents aren't worried about gentleness, since they don't come in contact with skin or organic fibers, so they can use harsher detergents and often include abrasives, but do rely on hot water to be effective. For similar reasons to laundry detergents, they're highly concentrated, but they use surfactants that are more effective on metal and ceramic.
Dish detergents meant for hand-washing dishes have to balance removing grease, starches, sugars, etc. from food with not completely stripping the natural oils from skin, which is a bit tricky - the oils that keep your skin nice and pliable aren't any different from the oils of any other animal, chemically speaking. They're also pretty highly concentrated for that "grease-fighting" effect, and so that your washcloth/sponge/etc. doesn't need more soap on it after every dish you wash. | 137c394a-3c1c-4fb1-a8a6-d246a373aa6e |
c6uss0 | - Why does the air feel “lighter” when it seems like it’s about to storm? | The "trigger" for many storms is a warm front moving into an area. Warmer air is less dense and has a lower pressure, so it is "lighter". | 6e566fa2-a62b-4c1a-8d8d-6b71135d3ec5 |
c6uvfl | Why are immigrants held at detention centers instead of being deported? | The migrants being held at detention centers are seeking political asylum. They are being held until their claim to asylum is found valid or not. If it is found valid they are granted entry to the US if it is not found valid they are deported. | a8f4cca3-9c77-447b-be84-282a30100eb5 |
c6vj2p | CBD full spectrum | I have a feeling that there are people who can do a better job of describing it then I can but oh well, here it goes.
So if you know anything about marijuana, you know about THC or tetrahydrocannabinol. It's the active ingredient that makes you high which can include sleepiness, increased appetite, visual and auditory hallucintations, nausea (in large amounts, think being "greened out"), and euphoria. THC is the part that contributes to weed being a psychoactive drug (just like acid and shrooms). Marijuana also has more than just THC as an active ingredient.
CBD is another cannabinoid in marijuana, and it's the second active ingredient. CBD is non-intoxicating, which means that it will not give you any euphoria, alter your mind state (actively), and none of the other crazy effects that smoking marijuana does. It does however have many potential health benefits (studies being done still). These potential health benefits can include reducing anxiety, help reduce soreness, sleep, and even to help against seizures.
Now for a direct answer to your question from personal experience. Currently, (as in literally while writing this) I vape CBD and I dont really actively feel anything, and that's normal. Since it's not psychoactive, it's not supposed to be felt like a high. So no, it definitely will not get you high. However that being said, my anxiety is definitely reduced a noticeable amount and my usual back pain is not as bad. I do fall asleep easier and I feel that it actively helps. Hopefully I helped answer your question
TL,DR: No it will not make you high in the way you think and the relaxation is a lot more subtle than most people think. | 27d0402c-ca7d-4cd6-bde5-96a25c6233cb |
c6vmm3 | How are ratings measured? Is there some sort of signal sent to the network after I tune in to watch? | They don't *know*, exactly.
Ratings are an extrapolated statistic based on some fraction of the population who has volunteered to have their TV fitted with a device which does indeed send such a signal.
If 7% of the people that have devices like that are watching something it's estimated that 7% (plus, minus, and/or multiplied by a *bunch* of statistical corrections to adjust for the age groups and viewing habits of people that decide to get a ratings box installed) of the overall population is watching, so about 20 million.
Note: this is for traditional broadcast television, for online streaming each viewer does send back a signal. | a725c936-98ae-4d39-a05e-58b344aa537e |
c6vnzm | What's the difference between poison and venom? How does it affect our bodies? | [If you die biting it, it's poison. If you die from it biting you, it's venom](_URL_0_) | 3e7b90ae-8471-406a-9519-1c58ee5ca053 |
c6vof4 | How does a tax war on imports between 2 countries affect the rest of the world ? | OMG! I am mad at Ashley, I don't want to talk to her. Hey Karen, I am mad at Ashley and if you talk to her, we aren't friends!
Hey! Did you hear that Nat is being a bitch to Ashley? What happened? Anyways, whose side should we pick? Cause ultimately we have to pick a side, otherwise I don't want to be in one of their bad side. Nat hooked me up with this hot dude and I don't want her telling some weird stuff to him about me. But, Ashley totally throws awesome parties and I want to make sure that if this thing with Nat doesn't work out, I have some back up boys!!! I wonder what Karen is doing.
Edit: this is why tariffs are stupid! | e2a73e17-4c22-4c23-a8c8-2b552bd41131 |
c6vq39 | What is an API? | Application Programming Interface.
You can think of it like a TV remote, you want to be able to use the TV, but you don't want to go and manually change the channel from the circuitry in the TV and you don't need to understand how the TV works to use it.
An API I a way for a programmer to create a set of functions (or way to interact with some software) that doesn't require the user to understand or read the source code.
From my experience it is a bit of an abstract thing, there are no rules(AFAIK) that defines what an API has to be, so it can be kinda whatever you want. | 1473e924-430d-4b5a-8aa6-901eb4ed6526 |
c6w2ce | Why does thunder usually occur with lightning strikes to the ground and not the cloud to cloud lighting? | Not true. If you define thunder as the sound produced when the lightning discharges, it always happens regardless of cloud to cloud or cloud to ground. However, the cloud to cloud may be far enough away that all you hear is a rumbling sound and not the more distinctly explosive thunder sound from a close by lightning strike. | 35d5970d-4a1a-4bc5-81f4-6a5564c24043 |
c6wp3s | Why are the Beatles considered one of most influential bands ever. | *Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band* was the first album to include printed lyrics.
First music video: "Paperback Writer," 1966.
In April, 1964, they had 14 songs in the Billboard Top 100, including the top five songs.
First band to play stadium concerts.
In the studio, they either pioneered or popularized Artificial Double Tracking (ADT), back masking, tuned feedback, spliced audio loops, distortion, equalization, stereo effects, multi-tracking (overdubbing), compression, phase shifting, and innovative “microphoning.” | f5aa8831-7db9-4482-b695-e2e379ca8fde |
c6wqvh | Why is it that, on some evenings, all of outside gets an orange (sometimes pink) hue to it? Is there a word for that? | When the sky becomes red/orange/pink during sunset, the light is bouncing off the clouds enough that it hits the houses and street with enough intensity that you can see it.
So yes, just a really intense sunset. | 23868888-151a-4dcd-ba78-73c6062c50d3 |
c6x37z | What is the difference between a ZW sex-determination system and a XY-sex-determination system? | In XY, all female eggs have an X while the male sperm has an X or a Y. So sex is determined by the male sperm.
In ZW, all males are ZZ, while the female egg can be either a Z or a W. So sex us determined by the female ovum.
The X and Y look sort of like those letters on karyotypes (images of the chromosomes).
The X is much bigger than the Y. The Z is much bigger than the W.
So the Z is like the X, but the ZZ is male and the XX is female. The Y or W is the "newer" chromosome and is smaller.
edit: the Y is definitely "newer" in terms of evolution. I am not so certain with the ZW if it as clear. | aec722e2-6d39-4ad4-8d10-62ae99ab00b8 |
c6x961 | Why does the car engine rpm go up if you are going downhil with your foot on the brake and not the throttle? | Because it's attached to your wheels. It works both ways. Either your engine powers the wheels, ir your wheels power the engine.
If you speed up your RPM's increase. However it happens.
If you have a manual and you would declutch you'll see them drop down to stationary numbers
Do not press your clutch when going downhill please. Really. Don't. | 74c14e6a-e50c-4fe8-a1fd-9b22d6b4777b |
c6xefu | What’s Tax Form W-4 and W-2? | W-4 is your tax withholdings. This tells your employer how much of your paycheck they take out to pay to the government. You have to fill this out every year and every time you start a new position with a new employer.
W-2 is how much income you have been paid for the calendar year, how much you paid in taxes, social security, Medicaid, retirement contributions, and the tax ID of your employer so the government gets their money. You will have a w-2 per employer for the calendar year as well. This also, with the rest of your tax return forms, tells the government if you have overpaid or underpaid on taxes. If you overpaid you get the excess back. If you underpaid you owe additional money to the government. | cd262dec-cebd-477d-9a2f-875854916d4e |
c6xmsx | What is a connection between commodity price on an exchange and price of the actual commodity? | The current or "spot" price is the commodity price at the time. So, settling the exchange contract involves getting paid or paying in real dollars what the commodity price is on the exchange contract.
Say you purchased a future contract for 1 cow to be delivered in 1 month and you paid $10 for it. One month later, cows are being sold (actual cows) for $15 a cow (this is the market price). To settle your contract, you will be given $15 which is what you can buy 1 cow for at that time.
If you actually want to buy a cow and wanted protection against cow inflation, then what you have done is spent $10 a month ahead of time to guarantee that you'll have the money to buy a cow at the end of the month. The other side of the deal is someone who wanted to sell a cow a month from now but believed that there would be cow deflation, so they wanted to guarantee that they'd sell their cow for $10. Who gains and loses depends on whether cows inflate or deflate in that period :-) | a365cfc5-a4d3-478c-a9d4-6ba67c82b248 |
c6xnz9 | Why is the air cold when you fan yourself on a very hot day? Doesn't motion generate heat? | Moving air takes away heat faster from your skin. That's why it feels cool. The effect is even bigger when you're sweating, the water that evaporates from your skin cools it even faster and more efficient.
Motion doesn't necessarily generate heat. I assume what you mean is friction that generates heat. But the air speed generated by a fan is way too slow to generate any friction heat. | 6b29c077-883e-42be-b3bb-5e67b3cdca02 |
c6xxyl | How is table salt produced and why was it so precious during the Roman times? | There are two types of salt. Sea salt is produced by evaporating brine. Rock salt is extracted from salt mines.
Despite the misconception, salt wasn't highly precious in Rome. Ostia's large salt marshes were readily exploited, and the Via Salaria was a very busy trade route because of it. Salt was more precious inland. | 76fca6d3-d610-43f5-ad11-86f9696c2c5f |
c6y49e | why Germany, France and Italy are G20 members when EU is already a member? | The G20 is a late 90s offshoot from the G8/7 expanded to also include developing countries. The additional member countries were chosen for their strategic importance in trade and finance, as well as their overall economic size. But counting by GDP the 19 countries chosen actually are only in the top 32 - 6 further European countries have a GDP larger than the three smallest member economies. To also include these additional 6 without making the summit too Eurocentric, it was decided that the EU would be the 20th member to acknowledge the economic power of the bloc internationally with its shared standards and trade regulations. Germany, France, UK and Italy apart from being original G8 members also are decidedly more powerful than the rest of the EU countries so they get a seat in their own right. In addition to that institutions representing African, South-East Asian and the Pacific adjacent countries somewhat similar to the EU are permanently invited. | e25fb8ff-7760-471e-aa58-214da070eb30 |
c6ybsg | How does America, or any country for that matter, have debt? Like who do we owe trillions of dollars to we’re our own country? | The debt is made in “bonds”. These bonds are basically notes saying “I owe you, and will pay you interest until I can pay you back”.
The bonds are bought by everyday people in their savings and retirement accounts. They are also bought by foreign countries and individuals.
So the people we owe are largely ourselves (if Americans) and foreign people and governments. | e7576b1a-fd15-4a7f-9b54-7856f6b5dbc5 |
c6ygd3 | Why do you yawn after seeing someone else yawn? | Yawning in animals is generally a full body thing, you ever do a massive yawn where you have to stretch your arms and tense your leg muscles and stuff? It's a pack/herd animal adaption. Deer and Zebras it's really clear in, when some of the group is sleeping and some are keeping watch, one will yawn/stretch to keep itself alert, which triggers the others to do so too, keeping all the awake deer alert to danger. Happens in wolves and different apes and basically and group unit animal. Tl;dr it's just an evolutionary thing we have to keep us safe but don't really need anymore. | 380f768f-839f-4df7-ba43-13a37c8ffdec |
c6yq9m | Why is glass so sharp after it shatters | Glass is very brittle and has an irregular internal structure with multiple weak points.
When it's shattered, the weak points break first. Straight fracture lines connect these weak points to form thin, sharp slivers. | d3052557-8ea7-42ba-942b-65c6f081443d |
c6zb6s | What is the purpose of Stablecoins? | While Libra uses similar technology to Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, it doesn't have the 'can't be regulated, even in theory' setup that Bitcoin advertised itself with. Instead, Libra is set up so that Facebook (or whoever Facebook gives access to) can control how much currency is out there and track what people are spending it on.
Facebook wants a currency that they can track and control because it would be really useful in their data mining business. They can track what stuff you're buying directly (instead of based on what pages you look at on Facebook) and sell that information to advertisers to make money. | b20a3a97-1d0e-45ef-af73-f392a8e7b762 |
c6zgyg | What is light? | So, this is long, but I think that it explains what light is in a very simply manner. Feel free to ask any questions if you don't understand anything.
Light is an 'electromagnetic wave'. Think of old-timey sci-fi where the baddies have guns that shoot beams of pure energy - that's basically what electromagnetic waves are, beams of pure energy. It doesn't have mass, it's not physically solid, it's just ghostly, wavy energy. Now, quantum physics is really funky. Quantum physics says that depending on how you look at things on a really, really small scale, they can behave either as a particle, or a wave. Don't try to wrap your head around this - our monkey brains can't understand this, we just know and have proven that this is how stuff works. This means that depending on the situation, light can either be a continuous wave, or a single 'packet' of pure energy: this is what a *photon* is. Waves of light and photons of light are the same thing. It just depends on how you're looking at the light. [This is the shape of the wave.](_URL_0_) The distance that the wave takes to go from 0, all the way up to 1, all the way down to -1, and then back to 0, is the length of one full wave - or, one full 'oscillation' of the wave. The smaller the wavelength, the more energy that the wave has. Think of a spring: when it's just lying there, it doesn't have any energy. But, when you compress it with lots of force, there's a lot of energy in that smaller spring, just waiting to burst out. All electromagnetic waves are the same thing - it's just that we define different wavelengths as having different names. So, radio is the *longest* wavelength, which has the *least* energy. Then you have things like microwaves, then infrared, then what we simply call 'light'. Light is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we have evolved to detect. Anything lower, and there's not enough energy to detect it. Anything higher, and it's like trying to take a picture of a fast car with a camera - because it's zipping past us with lots of energy, we get a really blurry image, or none at all, so we can't see it. All electromagnetic waves travel at 'the speed of light', which is just a universal rule. It's one of those things that just *is* the way it is because that's how the universe has been coded. Why does gravity pull stuff down? It just *does.* Why does light travel at the universal speed limit? It just *does.* Actually, anything with 0 mass travels at the speed of light - it just so happens that, for whatever reason, electromagnetic waves are literally the only thing in the entire universe that have absolutely no mass. The speed of light isn't really related to light itself - it's just the absolute max speed limit in the universe, for anything. | c6f2f178-cd7c-432a-a139-a11de11ab153 |
c6zllr | How and why does snot firm up in your nose, then turn into a goop again? | The snot doesn't "firm up" and block you nose. In fact, a blocked nose has nothing whatsoever to do with snot!
A blocked nose is caused by swelling of the nasal tissue. The mucus membrane swells up and closes off your nasal passage. You have a runny nose after because, when you're sick, your nose also produces a lot of snot. So when the swelling comes down a bit, the snot has an easier time running out. | 9d2e6f5d-1fe7-4248-971c-81add6d41f66 |
c70d5w | Why do the police get to investigate the crimes of other police? Isn't that a conflict of interest? | Anyone who is investigating a crime is police. That is a part of the definition. The moment you get someone to start investigating a crime in an official capacity they are now police. So if you want criminal activity done by police to be investigated at all it will be investigated by police.
Virtually all countries/states have dedicated divisions of police that only investigate other police. This is to limit conflict of interest because they are not actively serving with those they are investigating. | d825fe4f-b4c5-4aad-8ee2-1c468bb71eba |
c70g82 | Why does applying pressure to your forehead when you have a headache help ease the pain? | You have pressure points there. Your brain focuses its attention to those new areas, allowing temporary relief from your headache.
Imagine being stabbed in your leg while you have a headache. You're now more focused on your leg than your headache, which in comparison doesn't feel so bad anymore. You're doing something similar to this except without the pain or repercussions. | 7c1dd359-d020-4bc5-b1dd-54e5339aa0e1 |
c70oqz | What determines the size of raindrops? | In science we learn that one question often leads to another, or several others. Before we can discuss raindrop sizes, we must understand what a raindrop is. How is a raindrop made? How big can a raindrop be?
In order to have rain you must have a cloud — a cloud is made up of water in the air (water vapor.) Along with this water are tiny particles called condensation nuclei — for instance, the little pieces of salt leftover after sea water [**evaporates**](_URL_0_), or a particle of dust or smoke. Condensation occurs when the water vapor wraps itself around the tiny particles. Each particle (surrounded by water) becomes a tiny droplet between 0.0001 and 0.005 centimeter in diameter. (The particles range in size, therefore, the droplets range in size.) However, these droplets are too light to fall out of the sky. How will they get big enough to fall?
Picture a huge room full of tiny droplets milling around. If one droplet bumps into another droplet, the bigger droplet will "eat" the smaller droplet. This new bigger droplet will bump into other smaller droplets and become even bigger — this is called coalescence. Soon the droplet is so heavy that the cloud (or the room) can no longer hold it up and it starts falling. As it falls it eats up even more droplets. We can call the growing droplet a raindrop as soon as it reaches the size of 0.5mm in diameter or bigger. If it gets any larger than 4 millimeters, however, it will usually split into two separate drops.
The raindrop will continue falling until it reaches the ground. As it falls, sometimes a gust of wind (updraft) will force the drop back up into the cloud where it continues eating other droplets and getting bigger. When the drops finally reach the ground, the biggest drops will be the ones that bumped into and coalesced with the most droplets. The smaller drops are the ones that didn't run into as many droplets. Raindrops are different sizes for two primary reasons.
1. initial differences in particle (condensation nuclei) size
2. different rates of coalescence.
*This information is courtesy of the University of Idaho.* | baa69639-1942-41c1-a53c-a89012321837 |
c71ksd | Data centers vs servers? | A data centre is where servers physically live. The game company would rent space for their servers in a data centre. Using different data centres allows you to have servers in different locations. Benefits being resilience to problems at a specific data centre and allowing you to put servers closer to their users. Allowing the game to pick the data centre which will provide the lowest network latency for each user. | cef64ad4-c626-440e-8010-b77c67659847 |
c71ljr | How were we able to film the explosions of atomic bombs? I would assume the sheer amount of force would blow any type of camera to dust. | Because your assumption is wrong. Notice how all the footage of atomic detonations is from far away? Thats because they don’t have unlimited blast radius. You can look at one, and film it, from far enough away that the shockwave will dissipate before it hits you.
There is very limited footage from camera’s within the lethal radius, and those cameras were placed in reinforced structures, not directly facing the explosion, rather they are trained on a ‘subject’ to observe as it is destroyed, usually at an angle away from the blast. | 5fab6142-9055-4fb6-9577-68cca9fa1d01 |
c71z22 | Why is that if you fall asleep hungry you still wake up feeling more or less fine? | Short answer - You still have plenty of blood sugar to last on, and sleep shuts down digestion. It takes a little time to start back up. Basically, you don't know what hunger is
Long answer:
There are at least 4 stages of hunger
1- Stomach is empty, I would like some food.
2- Stomach/intestines are cleared out. Running on blood sugar so you better get food now.
3- Blood sugar is gone, converting fat and muscle to keep you alive. You better chase a small animal down NOW or you're going to die. Not true, but thats what it feels like.
4- Fat and muscle are no longer supplying enough of what you need. On top of hunger you're suffering physical and cognitive impairment from lack of nutrients. You are likely sustaining long lasting or even permanent damage to your body. Eventually your brain and heart will shut down and you die
It can take 4-6 hours to get to 2, depending on what you've eaten. Your blood and liver store ~24 hours of blood sugar. You can't get a decent estimate of when you will progress to 4, but you will run low on vitamins, ect before you run out of fat and muscle. If you live in a developed nation its possible to never have gotten to 2, and likely you've never seen 3. In the unlikely event you see 4, a doctor would probably recommend an extended hospital stay | 1bca32b5-cae7-48b0-b6f6-6262573c4974 |
c7233v | Why does our body feel tired after going to bed late but still sleeping for 8 hours? | There have been studies that shown there are multiple reasons for this. Mainly, you’re not getting a “good” nights rest.
If you snore for instance or drink, although you’re sleeping, you’re not actually getting good sleep. E.g, REM state sleep with cycles. | 3d24dbcd-e78e-4ecd-9c76-0a69e3140ecf |
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