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c8s1xt | How does the creators of netflix originals make money? Also, how is the money dustributed between good and bad shows? | I know that Netflix is just over spending and mostly in the red to grow and Dominate. They have a long term grand strategy | 5bbe04c0-7ed2-40dc-b986-1731ebe59be5 |
c8s9n9 | "Affect" vs "Effect" | A ripple causes an effect.
You are affected by a slap to the face.
Fireworks are a special effect.
Dogs are affected by fireworks.
The effects of are climate change are observable.
The human race will be affected by climate change.
Does that help? Affect is used when it is happening to someone/something. Effect is a general outcome of an action.
Also *affect* is almost always used as “affected” while *effect* is generally just “effect”. | 25e4b982-c7e0-4d1a-b762-1792816a1739 |
c8sfck | What actually happens to the body during an asthma attack? Why can't you just calm down and breathe? | Asthma is when an immune system reaction in the lungs causes the bronchi of the lungs to spasm. Both the immune system reaction, and the spasms, are completely out of the control of the person experiencing them. They are autonomic actions the body just does by itself. | 146e8398-11db-4b72-b0c0-c39ece13b40d |
c8so45 | Why do Home renters make no sense? | People who rent out properties, in general, want to extract as much money from you as possible. You staying later than the exit deadline is a penalty, you not cleaning forfeits your deposits, etc. | 86ee691e-5fa0-4a4d-a064-98890889ad81 |
c8sr9v | What are the fundamental differences between face lotion, body lotion, foot cream, daily moisturizer, night cream, etc.?? | Worked as a cosmetics chemist for 2 years after school. It varies depending on the function of the lotion/cream. If its a general moisturizer very little difference, maybe a slightly different ratio for the thickener to decrease tackiness for something facial rather than something advertised for the body. However if it's something like an acne cream or sunscreen the "active ingredient" would have a significantly different ratio. For example a common active in acme creams is salicylic acid. Ones targeted for the body might have 10-25% more of the acid than facial ones. | 4c7cd25f-d716-467f-977e-07d89d053dc8 |
c8sv5h | Why is it, with all of our technological advances, that we still don’t have cell service in all areas, especially pretty populated areas? | Mainly, it's expensive to build more cell towers, and the companies that provide cell service don't see a need to spend more money on that. | 23c3edb5-3e3b-4415-ad7a-5021580e38d9 |
c8t03c | How can detectives and others match someone's handwriting to a specific person? | The answer is they can't enough for it to hold up in court. They can use it as a detective tool but it is sort of like the lie detector, it doesn't hold up in court. | f0753eae-e7df-47f5-805b-4bbdda8c7bb7 |
c8t8jz | Why marching into battle in a single file at a moderate pace was favoured instead of just rushing in as fast as you can? | Marching into battle single file was never favored. At any point in time.
Marching into battle was done in a formation, such as firing lines with muskets, a shield wall, or a full phalanx.
For the period of time you are thinking about, which would be musket formations, they were normally in 3-4 lines and they alternated firing. Front line would fire then kneel while they reloaded, then the second line would fire and kneel to reload. Then the third line would do the same, as did the fourth if there was one. When the last line was done firing the front was ready to fire again and did so.
These weapons were also smooth bore and not very accurate, so they relied on volley shots that filled an area with musket balls. | f635cb3e-d3eb-4e4d-8431-cf31f965eb20 |
c8tal2 | if a nuclear war would produce an ecological catastrophe, why hasn't nuclear tests produced it yet? | The tests have been conducted in mostly a select few, remote locations. You basically bombed what already was bombed. And most tests were conducted after the nations agreed to ban open air tests. Underwater and Underground tests create less fallout.
Still the tests have indeed caused a lot of ecological damage, it wasn't a global irridation, though, like thousands of actual detonations spread all over the globe at centers of human habitation would cause. | 2d0bd6b1-9c0c-4dbb-95b8-6207614cfe8b |
c8tbcz | Why can't we use materials with lower boiling points to generate power? | Water's volume expands 1600-1700 times when it turns to steam. That increase in volume allows the pressure it creates to be used for mechanical motion.
Acetone doesn't expand that much, so it is not as efficient or useful. Acetone is also quite dangerous when heated while water is not. | 6f824224-4a8d-4073-afc9-728fd64117f9 |
c8tmb1 | Why do acidic/sour things make us salivate? | Your body increases saliva in response to acidic foods/beverages to protect your teeth!
Highly recommend reading Gulp by Mary Roach. This is covered in a fun and humorous way in her first chapter and then she progresses through the rest of the digestive system. | 3700d642-f956-4842-ae22-91d19b81f8d3 |
c8tt0p | How do pesticides work and why do some (such as bug sprays) only work on certain species? | Small correction: Bug sprays, namely DEET (the main ingredient in most bug sprays), often serve to repel bugs, as opposed to poisoning them. They just smell bad. Though, there are other effects, for instance DEET also makes it harder for some bugs to smell us. Essentially, it makes us smell less like food, and more like something they don't want to eat. Since bugs smell chemicals differently than we do, they dislike the smell of DEET, meanwhile humans usually don't notice it. The same is true for all sorts of oils and chemicals, such as cedar oil, which humans cannot smell but bugs consistently avoid. | 5ca9e76e-1e04-4081-8cb2-ad5c9ff621bf |
c8ttm1 | why is it that when youre fully motivated to do yard work, the second you go outside and feel the heat its as if all your energy is drained? | It’s the heat. When it’s hot, your body wants to cool down. Being active (say, by hauling boxes of stuff) generates heat, and this is bad for cooling down purposes. So your body tells you “no, you don’t want to do that. Find somewhere cool and sit down while I thermoregulate.” | 096bdd66-60d5-4046-89d6-084825fd6d80 |
c8u38i | How do traffic lights work? | Traffic lights are often just on a simple timer. Stay green for X number of Seconds and then turn Red, repeat.
Some are connected to sensors located under the concrete. Induction loops sense the change in ambient magnetic fields caused by a big lump of metal driving over them (your car). The electronics that control the lights use these sensors to determine whether or not a car is present to make the light changes more efficient.
More advanced systems connect multiple intersections together by computer and data cables. Allowing electronics and computers to combine data from various sources including sensors and traffic conditions to optimize the lights. Cities like New York have traffic control centers manned by staff that can adjust the lights to help clear traffic jams.
The crosswalk buttons act like another sensor. When the button is pushed it triggers different logic in the electronics that control the lights. This might make the light stay green longer to give you time to cross, or it might just turn on the walk/don't walk sign. Some honestly do absolutely nothing. It depends entirely on how that particular intersection is programmed to operate.
In poorer nations like the Philippines traffic lights are often controlled manually. There is a man sitting in a both by the side of the road who's job it is to flip the switches. | da041a1f-0e9e-4e47-9e8a-2de8c28e0b7b |
c8u7qo | Why, when you swat a fly mid-flight, it seems unfazed and keeps flying? If an airplane got smacked by a giant hand while flying the plane would be destroyed wouldn’t it? | The square/cube law means that bigger things are weaker than small things. Something 10 times longer, wider and higher will be 100 times stronger but it will weigh 1000 times more. That means it will be 10 times worse at supporting its own weight. That’s why fleas can jump massively high but elephants can’t jump at all. And when you’re as big as a planet, you can’t support your own weight at all and the only shape you can be is a sphere. | b17a4f4c-94e1-4966-a182-1ee2395f0bab |
c8u95m | Why do cameras have different framerates for different video resolutions? | There is typically a limitation in how much data can move or how fast it can be processed. Much like a highway can be filled with fewer trucks for more cars, you can evenly trade off resolution (length of vehicle) for more frames (more vehicles).
720p frames are exactly half the data per frame compared to 1080p. 60 fps is double 30 fps. The amount of data generated by 720p60 is the same as 1080p30. | b786cb45-474c-40db-9df9-2d5812da6682 |
c8ub0r | Why did China ban imports of plastic waste? Isn't recycling the plastic cheaper than making more plastic? | China has extremely high levels of corruption and the rule of law is practically non-existent there. Once the waste is in the country, the national government is almost powerless to determine what happens to it and so it gets disposed of in the most profitable way possible.
Plastic is extremely expensive to recycle and the recovered plastic has very little value. Because of this, the most profitable way to deal with plastic waste is to charge the person sending you the waste a "recycling fee" and to then dump the waste in a river or on an open field. In fact, that was what was happening and the overwhelming majority of the waste imported for "recycling" to China was being dumped.
Because the Chinese government can't stop the dumping once the waste is in the country, its only option is to stop the waste from coming into the country at all by banning its import. | c1e13521-775a-4a79-8330-344c8fd48826 |
c8ubyj | can erradicated diseases and/or pandemics occur from the rediscovery of artifacts, buried treasures, etc? | Im pretty sure. I heard one about smallpox, thankfully we have the vaccination for it now. If bacteria is trapped in an artifact, upon discovery it can infect people. | 2773c228-c17b-41c9-b0b0-74ffaf2c10c5 |
c8uq3t | What is does the meaning: "Innovation doesn't happen in a vacuum." mean? | It means nothing changes without something to precipitate invention. Nothing new develops without a problem to solve. Nothing gets better, without flaws in the original.
Everything requires an outside force to develop.
With no pressure, no need, no problems, nothing ever gets done. A ‘vacuum’ of problems, leads to stagnation. | 3782b571-7ddc-4871-9be8-71eec8115058 |
c8uy0n | How do stocks work | Companies issue stock as a means of generating capital to buy new equipment, expand, pay off debt, etc. Each share of stock is a portion of ownership in the company. As the company makes money and turns a profit, they have the option to pay stock owners a portion of those profits which are called dividends. These vary widely on the company and how it chooses to distribute profits. Often times no dividends are issues and all profits are put back into the company to expand further.
When it comes to stock prices and how they vary, it’s a different beast altogether. The company normally will issue a set number of shares of stock and at a set price. So Bob Inc. can offer a million shares at $10 a piece to raise $10 million. From that point, the stock owners can sell the stock they bought from Bob Inc to other people. These prices are usually set by supply and demand. If Bob Inc. discovered a cure for cancer, the company would be very valuable and people would want to own a portion of it. Since they only issued a million shares but 100 million people want to buy the shares, the demand goes through the roof, and people may be willing to pay $1000 per share for those stocks. So the stock price rises.
Likewise, if new broke that Bob Inc frequently stole money from orphans, people would not want to buy the stock and would try to get rid of it. Very few people would want to buy, so the demand would drop and the price as well. That initial $10 per share could drop to 10¢ per share because nobody would be willing to pay any more for it. | d34b92d4-eb8e-437c-8956-392b8da68031 |
c8uyz0 | Why can you hold your breath underwater much longer than you can on land? | The pressure underwater puts force on the air and helps you use it more efficiently.
On land there is less pressure. This is partly why a higher elevation makes it harder to breathe too. | 4b64407a-8945-421c-9d8c-d01b8e97d81e |
c8uza6 | How exactly are books (such as The Bible) copied onto DNA? I've often heard it said from R. Dawkins and George Church that this can be done similar to how you would with a CD, only with DNA | Bit is an unit of information as well, specifically, "how many yes/no questions I need to ask to reconstruct this information".
Base pair contains 2 bits of information. Like, you could ask if the base pair is G or C, if answer is yes, you ask if it's G. If the answer is no, you ask if it's A. If answer is yes, it's A, otherwise it's T.
Which is helpful because it means instead of coding 1 bit per base pair, as you did in your example, we can code two. So we can assign say G to the sequence 01, so your 01010101 string would just be GGGG.
It's not wrong to use only small part of the information capacity, but in this case, halving the required length of the dna strand probably seems quite tempting. Since each pair contains precisely two bits of information, encoding exactly two bits in it seems quite natural. | ce6fb641-8eed-4a89-bafe-c2e2dfe9f372 |
c8vam2 | Why do you feel nauseous after unusually vigorous exercise? | Could you specify what was 'unusually vigorous' about it? Or how you 'really went' for it. What do you usually do for exercise and how did this push past such a boundary in terms of how much you lift or how far you run?
By the way, from your post it seems you might suspect drinking too much water to be the cause of your nausea. And I'm inclined to believe that might be possible - especially the part where you wrote 'I drank a lot of water after my short run'. Sipping is always fine but going into any workout with a belly full of anything is no doubt going to cause some form of discomfort. | 3a8e4e28-61ec-4ebd-87c5-8299ab3cfdae |
c8vmed | Why does it sound good when a lot of people are singing all together, even if people are singing off-key like at concerts and everyone sings along? | If you ask a large group of people to each throw a dart to hit a bullseye, you'll get a wide distribution of hits but on average, the darts should concentrate around the bullseye.
Likewise, if you get a large number of people trying to hit a note, the number of people singing flat is balanced by the people singing sharp. They will average out so that on average, it will on-key. | 0442326d-341d-48b4-8bd6-08cda7f50e1f |
c8vmej | what about the shoes that Kaepernick pressured Nike to recall was racist? | the flag on the back of the shoes is from an era when minorities were treated horribly, so they associate that flag with those times and their oppression, and so don't want to have it visible on a bunch of peoples' feet.
I don't have an opinion either way, but that's what's up. | 25df5c1d-dbed-46c4-81bc-41e0676653f1 |
c8vr2t | Why does it sound good when a lot of people are singing all together, even if people are singing off-key like at concerts and everyone sings along? | On average the people who are off tune up will be offset by the people who are offset down, so in the end your ears hear the middle. Mob wisdom is actually extremely fascinating, as the crowd always seems to come out right. _URL_0_ | 0442326d-341d-48b4-8bd6-08cda7f50e1f |
c8vtys | If Caffeine just blocks adenosine in the brain from making you feel sleepy, how is it a stimulant for the central nervous system? | well caffeine antagonises the adenosine receptors. Adenosine being a neurotransmitter that in increased quantities when you get fatigued over the course of a day. By stopping the action of adenosine you essentially prevent its depressive action thus creating a stimulating effect. | 7945d139-f708-482e-94a8-9dae7a0ad7ed |
c8vve1 | If my DVR records content from my cable TV provider (e.g., Comcast), why does it need to have an active internet connection to playback the recordings? | For DVR content, that generally does not require an internet connection, for example, satellite services do not require it for DVR playback.
For cable, internet connection should also not be needed, cable is a two-way connection, so you're always "connected" to your provider (although it may require you to actually be connected so that they can verify you're an active account).
There are three other situations, 1) It may be an additional security measure. 2) There is some content that actually isn't DVR, but video-on-demand and may be pulled from the internet, but with cable this is uncommon as its nearly all pulled direct from the cable company, not via the internet. 3) in an effort to get more customers internet connected, they put an additional hurdle in the DVR process, its a roundabout way to get more customers connected.
There's also a more obscure thing having to do with some ads, but thats not really applicable to cable either so I won't get into it. | 3baed941-a80e-4d85-9efc-f39d17167099 |
c8vy25 | Why do dark colors attract more heat from the sun than light colors? | Darker colors absorp more wavelengths than lighter colors. Black absorps them all and white reflects them all. On impact the energy of light gets converted to heat. | 222aa34c-b9de-4be8-ba48-57f7d434692a |
c8w0h0 | How does anti-virus protect your personal computer? | In very simple terms, a regular anti-virus would have a complex set of instructions that look for certain behaviors inside different programs and files. These behaviors can be detected regardless of how its coded, making certain anti-virus softwares very complex and effective. One works by looking for known malware by a specific set of characteristics. This would be called Specific Detection, and is able to detect pretty much most forms of malware. Another layer could be added, called Generic Detection where the process looks for malware that are variants of known “families,” or malware related by a common code base. This allows generic malware with little complex structures to be easily spotted. One final layer could be added called Heuristic Detection, which allows it to detect complex forms of malware that has never been made before using different algorithms to find patterns that fit under what would be considered malware.
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Of course, certain malware has a large database that could learn by itself, which again makes certain anti-virus's extremely effective. | 0cb43238-a0a2-455f-b42e-661356da514e |
c8w12b | how does one chemical or product cause a certain type of cancer? | Cancer usually arises when mutations occur in the human genome. There are many different ways genetic mutations can lead to cancer but, the most common usually remove a cells ability to stop itself from reproducing. In the case of something like roundup it was argued that the chemicals in roundup caused genetic mutations that increased the likelihood of cancer developing in those exposed to the substance. If a substance produces a positive in the Ames test is often used to determine what chemicals are mutagens (they cause mutations). The tricky thing about this case is that a wide variety of common chemicals and molecules produce positive results in the Ames test so, it can be hard to prove direct correlation. | 020a662e-a4b4-49f4-875e-40c435db7d81 |
c8w6if | Why the skin on our palms and bottoms of our feet lack pigment (melanin?) | The outermost layer of the skin is called the *stratum corneum* and is made up of dead skin cells. This layer is thicker on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. This thickness prevents melanin from reaching the surface, since the cells that produce it (melanocytes) are located in the *stratum basale* - the deepest layer of the skin. | 0c856113-89e8-4229-9b73-462e35875405 |
c8w6ot | why are some sugars (ex. Processed sugars) considered “worse” then others (ex: sugar from fruit and milk) | Fructose, one of the basic sugars, is generally considered worse than other sugars. Some studies have shown that processing fructose requires going through the liver. This may disrupt other liver processes and cause metabolic syndrome, making it easier to gain weight.
In particular, a lot of focus has been on high fructose corn syrup which consists of 55% fructose. What people often don't realize is that sucrose or standard table sugar is 50% fructose because it is a glucose molecule connected to a fructose molecule.
Fruit sugars are not as bad **when eaten as whole fruit**. The fiber in the fruit helps slow down the absorption of sugar. Fruit juice is not very good for you because it lacks that fiber and you could be drinking more fruit than you could eat in one sitting. A glass of orange juice requires 2-3 whole oranges.
Milk does not contain much sugar compared to the calories it provides from fat. Even then, the fat keeps you feeling full so you don't eat extra calories. Lactose in milk does affect people with lactose intolerance because they cannot break down the sugar. The sugar manages to go unabsorbed through their digestive system to feed the gut bacteria in the large intestines. The bacteria have a feast and release byproducts that cause digestive issues. | 686b20a1-c3ba-43a3-aed9-ddf511192fff |
c8w72i | Why is the South of Italy considered poor compared to the North of Italy, which is considered rich? | Are you asking why the south is *considered* poor, or why (and maybe whether) it *is* poor? | d060e889-7b96-454c-85fe-0d1b10404e43 |
c8wgd9 | What are all those crazy sounds an MRI makes? | The MRI uses a very powerful electro magnet which needs to be switched on and off for the MRI to function - _URL_0_ | 59641943-8a73-4eb2-99b8-fbeb11fe8a21 |
c8wlnq | Why does your face get red from embarrassment? | The vessel in your face become bigger (vasodilator) and increase blood flow to your face, hence the redness (the increased blood). | 25ddd0f5-51cc-41e3-a6d5-560d168eca0e |
c8wohj | On a flat road, why is it that it looks like the road is made of reflective water really far ahead? | What you are seeing is a mirage. The heat coming off the road distorts the air in such a way that what you are seeing is actually a reflection of the sky. The mirror-like reflection looks like water compared to the relatively matte road surface.
The mirages like you see in the cartoons are a little far-fetched, but a lot of real mirages were of boats that seemed to be floating in air. This was caused by the reflection of boats too far away or over the horizon to see. Lots of "ghost ship" stories sprang from this phenomenon. | b1c26669-1d9f-49eb-9a97-fcc4453793bd |
c8wzx5 | How do cities not collapse if there are hollow spaces underneath them like sewer systems and subways? | Many of these subway systems go underneath roadways while the skyscrapers that are encircled by these tunnels are literally anchored into the bedrock below. There are also lots of people who spent many years in school to figure out how much weight can be supported above these tunnels in the ground | f9898f4b-d9aa-4b59-9341-e4c7cae9fb97 |
c8x3rj | What's so bad about corn? | The problem is the high-fructose corn syrup which is in a lot of processed foods. It is basically pure sugar. The problem isn't with corn. It is a problem with *sugar*. Americans have far too much sugar in their diets. | 27f0ae1d-0a4f-4c22-9ca7-3c8b056f5133 |
c8xegj | Coldsores. There are a lot of alternative treatments for it, but many swear by ketchup. How could ketchup work to treat a coldsore? | First off, "coldsore" is a cute name for herpes. 99% of the population has herpes, most of us got it during very early childhood from a relative that was showing affecting and kissing a baby.
For 99.99% of humanity this was no big deal, then companies figured out they could sell "treatments" for it if they shamed us about it. None of these treatments or remedies really does much, unless you're getting a Valtrex prescription for your "coldsore". Basically you rub crap on your face for 3-5 days until it goes away, which also happens to be the amount of time needed for herpes to go away naturally.
I will say from personal experience that some of the pricier creams makes the things hurt less while you're waiting for it to go away, but none of it really shortens the amount of time. | 49b9b433-1a26-4b44-bdf9-b8a15136bf69 |
c8y45w | Why cousins marrying is generally looked down in the west but not so uncommon in middle east? | Just my own interpretation of it but marrying cousins is usually accepted or encouraged in cultures that still place a high value on class systems, like many eastern countries do - India in particular. Keeps the bloodline as pure as possible etc (despite the increased risk of birth deformities, but whatever). Most of the royal families of Europe are all related due to the marrying of cousins for the same rationale. As class systems became less important (at least from a genealogy standpoint) the medical rationale to not marry cousins became more important than the classist reasons in favour of marriage.
Just my two cents. | 91e80310-75e0-41a7-ad8f-947e5c68b2ed |
c8ycgs | What does fabric softener actually do? | It coats the fibers in an insulator, preventing transfer of electrons due to friction of two different materials rubbing against each other.
[edit] is it just me, or is iOS autocorrect getting progressively worse? It’s swapping out one legitimate word for another now, capitalizing and apostrophizing random words, putting spaces before end quotes and more.... | 4ec7127c-159a-4b15-8c50-4b20449d47d2 |
c8yd46 | Why is prostitution illegal in so many countries? | In the US there isn't enough political will to legitimize sex work and try to take the human trafficking element out of it.
Too many people here equate someone doing it consensually and someone being forced, lumping them together and making very very unfair moral judgments. "They're all whores".
So, they criminalize it all as punishment. | b04eade3-4346-4b8a-96a5-61e9339ca868 |
c8yesx | Why do some songs list the name of the DJ as the artist, rather than the person actually singing the song? | All music is collaborative at some juncture. In this case, the singers may be brought to simply “play their instrument”, so to speak, like a session musician. The majority of the track and it’s flavours are the DJ’s. | 23a9a82e-83bf-4b6c-8025-c283007e825c |
c8yfga | Where does food/drink that “goes down the wrong pipe” go??? | When it goes down the wrong pipe, the food or water is going down the trachea (airway) instead of the esophagus (tube to the stomach). If you have no difficulty with certain nerves or muscles, this food or water will be expelled by coughing. Coughing is the way to bring up the food that went down the wrong pipe. If you have a swallowing disorder (dysphagia) this could happen all the time or may happen but you're unable to bring the food or water back up.
To add more: if you're unable to bring the food or liquid back up, it can make it's way into the lungs, which can cause mkre problems. | 409e8cf5-8097-43ef-a476-7fb67a065817 |
c8yv9z | Would you get more or less wet if running from A to B in heavy rain rather than walking? | This is the second time in five minutes I've found a question that minutephysics' YT channel has a good answer to. It is better to run. They prove it visually, but I'll try my best to describe it: Rain hits you from two directions: the front and the top. The amount of rain that hits you from the top is controlled by how long you stand in the rain, which is probably obvious. Now, the amount of rain that hits you from the front is determined by how far you're moving. This means that, the longer you spend in the rain, the wetter you get, assuming you're traveling the same distance. If you were spending a fixed amount of time in the rain instead of a fixed distance, then it would be better to stand still, as then no rain will hit you from the front. | 5f9c42c9-35e7-48cc-bf65-0b30cba2dbf1 |
c8yy2a | Can somebody explain me Lorentz transformation? | There is a very good minutephysics video on this on youtube. That being said, I'll give it a go. Note: a lorentz transformation is a mathematical concept which is used to describe a physical phenomenon. First: relativity. Relativity gives us the idea that objects moving quickly through space also move more quickly through time. There are all sorts of other things that relativity shows, but that's the important one here. Now, there is no such thing as stationary. Movement is relative. When you drive 30 miles per hour, that is measured relative to the ground. If measured relative to the sun, you and the earth are both moving super fast. All of this means that two objects moving at different speeds see the universe in a different shape (squished/stretched over time and space). If you know how one object sees the universe, and you know how fast and what direction the other object is moving relative to the first object, then you use a lorentz transformation to turn the "image" of how the first object sees the universe into the "image" of how the second object sees the universe. | 22234d27-b5ae-47fe-b38b-9fc60a35642b |
c8yzm5 | Why does chloroform cause a person to pass out when inhaled? How does it actually work? | Chloroform can make someone pass out and has an analgesic effect which is why it was used for anaesthesia in the past. That knock out effect in movies though is a cliche not based in reality. It would take over 5 minutes to knock someone out with a chloroform rag on his face... As for the mechanism of action I think it modifies ion channels in nerves... It is also rather toxic and causes heart arrhythmia so you're also somewhat likely to kill the person you tried to knock out due to overdosage which is why it is no longer used in medicine. | 5a040984-ebd0-4414-8005-30633dbeeb41 |
c8z0qb | If we need to boil water normally to produce steam, why is the steam from some humidifiers cold? | Actual steam is invisible. If you can see it, it isn't steam. It is mist. You can generate mist at room temperature or below. | 31253c70-3665-4c69-831a-33c8c1575ae9 |
c8z1kv | why do fireworks look like they're coming at you when the explode? | Because they are, in a way.
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With most fireworks, when the payload explodes, it spreads in a spherical fashion, like most explosions tend to. The part of that sphere which is oriented towards you, and therefor coming toward you, will appear brightest to you.
Also, our minds tend to interpret things that appear to grow bigger quickly as coming towards us (this has obvious survival benefits), so that will further enhance the effect. | ba3bee60-07c0-46f8-9f81-1f4bc4035ae0 |
c8z8xh | How do consecutive life sentences work? | Well I’m not a lawyer or involved with the law but here’s how I’d try to explain it. If you were to murder two people separately and get charged with two counts of murder, both having you server let’s say life in prison without the possibility of parole, and you were to appeal for one of these charges and the judge were to overturn it. That second charge is still in effect and if you are found guilty of it you’d be getting the time you’d deserve for those crimes. | 6392aeda-f055-4d3c-9e4e-704ff78ec09d |
c8zbbp | this quote "The eye that looks ahead to the safe course is closed forever" | The suggestion that if you're too preoccupied with doing things the safe, proven way then you'll never look 'out of the box' or innovate. | e5e66af7-fe51-4628-b413-3707cf6fd287 |
c8zp27 | Why are waves different in different parts of the world? | Different ocean current, different winds, different coasts. All have influence on the size and shape of waves | 820a5acf-4d6b-421c-86f4-e7d74719d33a |
c8zrca | My partner always used to start snoring in front of the tv but would always say that he wasn’t even asleep when he clearly was. What’s happening with the body when it’s asleep enough to be snoring but conscious enough to feel like it’s awake? | Hopefully I can ELI5: when you fall asleep, you stop making memory, but your brain is still active in different ways. It can still respond to things, but your conscious (the "controller", if you will) is taking a break.
So when your partner falls asleep and then you wake them up, their brain hadn't gone through the whole checklist of "going to sleep" and so they may "feel" like they were awake.
[Little more in-depth, but still oversimplified] Sleep isn't a light switch, it's a cycle. As you sleep, your brain goes through a 'checklist' as it gets ready for the long haul dreamtime. As it winds down, it gets more and more like what we know as "deep sleep". Your partner is entering the high end sleep, where consciousness is drifting but their brain is still active.
A fun experiment, if you want: you can see this in action by laying in your bed with one hand comfortably resting off your bed. Put down a cookie sheet below where your hand is. Then hold a spoon in that hand, set a timer, and try to sleep. When you actually hit "full sleep", your muscles relax and your hand will drop the spoon on the pan!
[I'm a recent college grad with a degree in cognitive science] | 08e6d225-4631-4240-a350-5b0fa8d25156 |
c90cl2 | Why does the the brain ignore the 2nd "the"? | Because most experienced readers very likely don't read word by word. It is likely that only beginner readers read word by word (unless the document is in highly unfamiliar prose style or uses very technical language). Most will break a sentence into phrases and assign meaning based on the context of those phrases, certain connectives are not very useful in establishing the context or meaning and will likely be skipped over.
One method taught for increasing reading speed is to learn to read "sentence by sentence" and then even "paragraph by paragraph", the skill to parse meaning quickly without having to scan through every word on a page. | 6633cea4-e3b4-4b8a-93f0-73c7e0e6dba9 |
c90j7c | how loneliness is more harmful to your health than smoking and obesity | On average, lonely people have a shorter life expectancy, and if you compare lonely people to people who are 'just smokers' or 'just obese', they are off worse.
But what does that mean?
First, it's not the loneliness itself or the feeling that is killing people. Think about it this way:
Lonely people usually have a less healthy lifestyle. They don't go out much, they don't do exercising or sports as much or engage in social activities. They tend to be less happy and thus tend to consume more alcohol and drugs. They tend to be less wealthy and thus consume less healthy foods, live in less healthy environments. They tend to be more susceptible to mental health issues (which can either lead to loneliness or be caused by it, this is not a one-way road), anxiety, stress, depression - which also shortens life expectancy not just due to an increased suicide rate but also due to stress/sleep related health risks.
If you would compare all this to an otherwise healthy & social obese person or someone who 'just smokes' & otherwise lives a perfect healthy and happy life, you see why it's worse.
Is it a good statement? As a statistician i'd say no, because there are not many 'just obese' or 'just smoking' people out there. On average, obesity correlates with less healthy lifestyles in general and with being poor (and therefore with elevated stress, anxiety & limitation of social activities), and people who do smoke are more likely to also have mental health problems/stress issues etc.
All in all: being happy and not being lonely helps and increases quality of life in general. You can be obese or a smoker and still have otherwise a great quality of life & be happy, but i'd say it it's very hard to find a lonely person who can state the same thing. Humans are social and tend to develop mental and physical health issues quickly if you take social interactions away from them. | c582e33e-efee-40a7-8616-910d4316df83 |
c90ykn | What is that 0.01% of bacteria that disinfectants can not kill? | Not really a bacteria, just producers covering their ass to not get sued for false advertisement if that disinfectant doesn't kill something. | cc702485-514f-4a05-bf27-7a9361c664a5 |
c9122d | Why is it easy to open eyes underwater, but hard to keep them open when you go up? | When you dive underwater and open your eyes, your eyes lose the mucous that's supposed to keep the moisture in. It might sting due to extra chemicals in the water (chlorine in a pool, salt in the ocean) but the water alone is perfectly fine for your eyes. Once you surface the water will fall off and your eyes are now completely exposed to air without their protective mucous. It makes your sensitive eyes very dry. | d722f377-a7db-43c9-ad8a-d4234e79ae30 |
c91emy | Whats the difference between "good fat" (like avocados) and "bad fat" (like oil?) | Well it comes down to high and low density Lipoproteins (HDL-cholesterol vs LDL-cholesterol).
Good fat tend to be unsaturated which increase the levels of HDL in the blood
While bad fat tends to be saturated which increases the levels of LDL in the blood
& #x200B;
HDL and LDL essentially have opposing effects.
& #x200B;
HDL's are good because it removes 'Fat' from the blood stream and stores in the liver where it remains 'harmless'
On the other hand LDL promotes 'Fat' remaining in the blood vessels and potentially attaching to the inner vessel walls, this in important because narrowing blood vessels reduces blood flow to organs, especially critical in the brain and heart.
Now say you have high blood pressure and one of those fatty streaks breaks due to blood flowing at higher pressures. Suddenly a clot forms in an attempt to heal the area, but this same clot may occlude the whole vessel. Thus stopping blood flow to the area of the brain/ heart it supplies. i.e. a stroke or heart attack. | eb1ba159-707e-4a65-8368-91e3308c3625 |
c91h3h | Why movies subtitles sometimes omit words? | Because, depending on the requests of the distributors, you may need a certain number of characters per line and different reading speeds, meaning you have to make a subtitle within a limited time and if the person speaking says a lot in a very little time, you will have to accomodate. For example, netflix requests for 42 characters per subtitle, 2 lines max. Other companies have different standards. | b0cd7680-2ec0-4ba0-a1a7-0a9eb1e732d8 |
c91ltn | Does fresher water provide more beneficial to plants? i.e. Rain water/tap water/stale water. | This really depends on the plant and where you live - or more like: what is actually in the rain/tap water.
In some regions, tap water is more designed for humans, for example by remineralising/softening it or by adding fluoride (some regions of the world) or the use of chlorine to prevent disease spread or for purification reasons etc. You definitively don't want to water your plants with chlorine tho.
As for rain water - depending where you live - it might be full of toxic shit because the raindrops will collect a lot of fine particles & exhaust gases (in cities or industrial zones) or airborne/evaporated fungicides/herbicides/insecticides (in rural, highly agricultural areas) on their way down. Both can harm your plants if it's too much.
Some people use distilled water and add mineral mix to it to water their plants but that's for greenhouses or very sensitive plants (like orchids) etc.
For most household pot plants you want to use relatively pure water with a medium mineral content. This means that in many regions, tap water is just fine.
& #x200B;
edit: also i wanted to clarify on the 'it depends on the plant' part: Many plants don't deal very well with a high PH value or a high amount of calcium (hard water). Rain water is 'naturally distilled' water and thus is soft and doesn't contain a lot of minerals anymore. This is good for most plants who are 'land plants' that would normally survive on rain water. Some plants do need higher mineral supplies tho and thus don't survive on rain water (Oleander!), and a low to medium mineral content can be beneficial to potted plants.
means: check water hardness of your tapwater. If it's hard or very hard, you can mix it with rainwater or distilled water for an optimal result. | 5952b1e6-ec91-4e42-b8bb-ab714bd7a8b4 |
c91rpz | How is it that someone (like myself) is allergic to almost every antibiotic? What makes the body hate them so much? | Essentially an allergy is an immune response to a foreign substance.
For you, the antibiotics has 'proteins' antigens which trigger the white cells of you immune system to attack them. This appears as massive inflammation due to degranulation of mast cells releasing imflammatory proteins etc. Typically presenting as Rashes to full blown anaphylaxis (air way compromise)
& #x200B;
When patients come with multiple drug 'allergies' it important to differentiate what is a true allergy vs what is a side effect of antibiotic such as nausea/diarrhoea. | 3887fad2-3371-4f3c-8f78-e9e19175b7e2 |
c91tdv | After turning off your pc, and after your windows logs off, why does it take around 6 seconds for the PC to completely turn off? | It takes a brief period to shut down background processes/services, write logs, unmount file systems; particularly the very file system which contains the operating system. After all this, Windows issues a ‘power off’ command through the motherboard’s BIOS to stop the hardware completely.
It needs to do this so that files/processes aren’t corrupted by a sudden, disorderly shutdown. Although, modern file systems are pretty good at recovering from such events. Older Windows versions & file systems weren’t so good (pre Windows NT), and my PC got borked quite regularly.
‘Sleep’ is a different process, where the PC doesn’t fully shutdown. It keeps the current operating state in memory (RAM) in a volatile state - which can be lost through a power cut - and shuts down most parts of the hardware to save power, but provide a fast startup facility to regain full PC function.
‘Hibernate’ is similar to ‘sleep’, but this time the PC creates a snapshot of the operating state and writes it to the hard drive; this *will* survive a power failure.
This is as opposed to a full shutdown, which kills all of your open programs/files and shuts all processes/services down, requiring you to save any progress/work. Resuming from a hibernation state is much like resuming from sleep, except perhaps it takes a bit longer, but your data is safer. | 3b81401e-1297-4d57-9761-0ea683765e54 |
c91z51 | Why are my hayfever tablets laid out like this? | The same company makes tablet boxes containing 7, 14, and 30 tablets (often more). It's more cost effective to use a different tablet strip than to use different sized boxes for every amount, so it just modifies the same strip depending on how many tablets are needed. The box is "universal" for all amounts, and just gets printed differently to reflect the right number on the outside. | 6850a544-f968-454a-bdde-b056163773c3 |
c925k4 | XR, time-release and extended release medicine | So for Concerta the pill is coated with something your stomach acid can't get through. Then they drill the tiniest of holes.
The hole is so tiny that only a small amount of medicine is leaked out. And since it only has that small hole, it can take hours to dissolve from the inside out. | 369cd74c-fb58-48c0-bd90-8fc400d2998f |
c926ci | How/why does a car key's range increase when you place it against your head. | Your head turns into a squishy antenna of sorts, and amplifies the signal ever so slightly to get you a little extra range | c5bcc135-04fd-4ba1-b503-181e238c8259 |
c92f2c | I bring a fresh glass of water to bed, tastes great. Six to eight hours later, it tastes disgusting. What happens to water when you let it sit in a glass for a few hours that makes it taste nasty? | Your glass of water is absorbing carbon dioxide from the air, forming carbonic acid, lowering its pH, and altering the taste of your water. | 51f9f765-bbd9-45b0-8bf7-28e89ab83606 |
c92zr7 | How can a country simply “dismiss” their citizens’ debts? Like the recent case in Kazakhstan. | By forcing someone else to pay off the loan, either explicitly or implicitly. In order from most explicit to least:
1) Raise taxes. Use those taxes to pay off the loans. This is taking from taxpayers to pay debtors.
2) Force banks to write off the debt. This cuts into the bank's revenues and potentially forces them to close. This is taking from bankers (and people invested in banks) to pay debtors.
3) Print money. Use that money to pay off the loans. Adding money to the economy causes inflation, which reduces the value of back balances. This is essentially taking from savers to pay debtors.
& #x200B;
(1) is what you might call a "bailout". It can be a useful policy if bad debts are destabilizing the banking system. and governments sometimes even get back more money than they put in when they provide that stability (like the US government in the 2008 financial crisis). (3) is just a sillier way to implement (1).
(2) is just bankruptcy. Depending on the laws of a country, people can declare bankruptcy all the time, and that's not necessarily a bad thing. I don't know anything about Kazakhstan's bankruptcy laws, but it's possible they're more restrictive than in the US, and the government plan to dismiss debt is just doing what a well-functioning bankruptcy system should have done a long time ago. This is also the issue at the core of the student debt debate in the US. Student debt currently cannot be discharged in bankruptcy. Dismissing all of it would be a (clunky) way around that. | fe3643e9-496f-4684-8411-1b0f2b555445 |
c93euf | What does the SPF number on suntan lotion mean?? | Technically:
It's a UV transmission rating
SPF 60 means 1 part in 60 of the UV radiation from the sun are transmitted to your skin, assuming you follow their instructions.
& #x200B;
Realistically:
1 SPF is like growing 1 layer of skin to tank the sunburn for you.
30 SPF = about 30 times the protection of your regular skin
& #x200B;
It dose't actually tell you how long you have before you need to re-apply, since it's just a transmission rating self reported by the sunscreen manufacturer. Duration depends on the composition of the sunscreen, some of them break down/ wash off faster than others, as well as how prone you are to sunburns. If in doubt, follow the instructions just in case. | 4da548bf-e442-48c0-bbaf-53de1b7d715e |
c93p89 | How does odor neutralizing spray work? | The sprays use chemical compounds called cyclodextrins whose molecules have a specific shape that allow them to literally trap certain organic molecules like the ones that make up bad smells. That's cool, but for me the really cool part is that bad smells can be made up of a complex mix of different molecules and the sprays only work on some of them, the bad smells still go away because with some of the smell's "puzzle pieces" missing your brain can't really identify what's left, and it no longer registers as "bad". That's why they're called odor neutralizers: all the odor molecules are still there, it's just that some are trapped in a way that they can't get to your smell receptors and the rest don't combine in a way that your brain identifies as unpleasant. | 97a484b6-cd56-4a64-bb64-9a8206d26fce |
c93pwp | How is the Universe expanding, but it's not expanding *into* a larger containing space? | Imagine a two-dimensional piece of a grid paper that stretches to infinity in all directions. This grid paper is all that exists and nothing can exist outside of it. Now, imagine that each individual grid is getting bigger and bigger. If you are a dot on the grid, you are not moving and expanding, but the distance between the gridlines is getting larger.
If you try to draw a line between the grid lines, it will start to take longer to draw from one side to the next. So the "metric" we use to measure the distance between the grids is changing.
In the universe, this is called metric expansion of space.
Edit: You are correct that the balloon analogy doesn't work, because it is asking us to imagine that an object expanding into another space. Unfortunately, there is no exact analogy that will work here because we aren't talking about an object or a space, we are talking about *all objects and spaces*. At the least, human brains weren't evolved/designed to understand things on this scale, so the best we can do is come up with incomplete analogies or mathematical models. | 9bd4cb92-5228-4919-ab77-fbb3f651a6e8 |
c94jl8 | Why do paper straws go soggy and lose shape at the mouth end but maintain their structure whilst completely submerged in water/liquid? | Because saliva isn't just water. It's got enzymes that start the process of breaking down food to digest it. This means that it will also start to break down other organic material, like a paper straw, more effectively than water will. | c0e2a024-e76f-4fcc-879f-393ed6745825 |
c94nv3 | what cause something to have colour? | Not a direct answer to your question, but this a related and very interesting thing.
_URL_0_
Blue eyes actually look blue for a different reason than light reflection and it's why they "look" the way they do | 262d140d-f8ca-4ae8-8427-faff9db8df44 |
c94q0o | Why are Americans so extreme? | They aren't. People can say "I really genuinely think, from the bottom of my heart, that Europeans are butthurt about everything" or "Americans take everything way too far and don't understand nuisance" but it's a ridiculous statement prototype because it, by default, cannot be substantiated.
Not by data, only by anecdotes you have observed; the plural of anecdote is NOT data. | 799db062-f248-4670-88c5-ba0be99324b8 |
c94x3o | Why eating sweets can make me feel sick? | You should get checked for type 1 diabetes. If your body can't get energy from food (i.e. from the sugar in sweets) it will start burning muscles and fat instead. When it burns fat it creates something called ketones. If they build up too much in your blood, you will start feeling sick in your stomach. In extreme cases this can even turn into a life-threatening condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. | 52f6705d-8d6e-4723-ac6f-aebeaa6d421b |
c950rh | What causes eggs to turn hard when boiled, when generally most other things (broccoli, carrots, a piece of plastic, etc) turn soft when boiled? | In a word: denaturation.
Heat breaks down protein molecules causing the hydrophilic (water loving) parts of all the different molecules to clump together and the hydrophobic (water hating) to also clump together. When the amino acids in the proteins reform their bonds the now hydrophilic free parts harden over. | d81124cb-a1b5-4ade-a218-89a31e2f0cf1 |
c95az5 | Why do plain water taste weird after you had a sweet drink like orange juice? | That's because your tongue has been desensitized. It is similar to how if you stay in a cold room for a while and room temperature water will feel warm for you | c00410e9-7686-4892-baaa-f2b5782a6896 |
c95cgd | How does alcohol absorption work? | Well, generally speaking one adult can consume one standard drink per hour. One standard drink is 1 beer, 1 glass of wine, or one shot of liquor. Now, that does not factor in the proof of the alcohol. Drinking a 180 proof shot is different than a 90 proof. Generally if you consume 1 drink per hour you will be fine. The liver can process lesser alcohol amounts quicker, but this is an easy to remember range. | 11a24833-2809-43ce-adad-26166bcc9c9e |
c95nxb | if the universe is infinite, how can there be a finite amount of mater/engery? | Your question is based on the potentially false premise that the universe is infinite. This is not a settled fact nor one that is likely to ever be settled. | 2752961e-7435-431e-967c-b5b9208895bf |
c9636d | Why is it always Florida? | Florida has a law that makes it very easy for reporters to find out about crimes, much easier than in other parts of the United States. This means that crimes that normally wouldn't make the news in other states, do so in Florida. Thus, it gives the illusion that Florida is much crazier than the rest of the country, when in fact it's just that the crazy things in Florida are more likely to be reported on. | 9acc7e28-fc22-4f8a-96b4-817dcbea2134 |
c964gt | If our bodies are always trying to maintain 98.6 degrees, why isn't that a comfortable temperature outside? | In short, your body produces heat through the everyday set of chemical reactions involved with living and moving around.
Your body needs to be able to get rid of that extra heat. If the ambient temperature is 98.6F or so, the only way to discharge extra heat is through evaporative cooling. Aka sweat. | 459bdd70-51b2-442a-a880-cbc39dd9b866 |
c966jf | What the Bosnia/Serbia/Croatia war of 1992-95 was all about | Anyone that can EL5 this is a hero. One of the most widely respected books on the topic, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, is over a thousand pages, confusing, esoteric, and dense. | 6be3219c-6f73-4c48-899a-a9b1fa4d4dec |
c968cw | Why is the Amazon being deforested? Is it just for the wood or are there other reasons? | Its to provide grazing land for cattle. And also for palm oil farms.
They cut down the rainforest then plant either grass or lots of just one type of tree.
Its not really for the wood that much at all. | 7ac076fb-acb7-46fe-9cf5-f0c2a8432f8b |
c97g66 | why do helium balloons die after a few days | The helium molecules are smaller than the latex molecules of the balloon, so the helium can slowly leak through the latex (that's why the mylar balloons last longer) | be6b4218-0de7-4450-8876-6fe7e46a5c40 |
c97n3m | What makes Romaine Lettuce susceptible to E. Coli outbreaks? | It's not just romaine, technically anything food can be a carrier for E. Coli if it is contaminated with fecal matter from an infected source. E. Coli grows in the digestive tracts of infected individuals (animals, humans, etc.). In the case of lettuce, it might have been droppings from deer, birds, or even humans processing the lettuce who didn't wash their hands properly (nature does call when you're working out in the field, and there usually aren't sinks to wash your hands).
Alternatively, sometimes when the food is processed (washed, etc.) the water source can also be contaminated with E. Coli. In the case of ground beef, because they gather together the meat from different animals, a single animal carrying the bacteria can contaminate an entire batch of beef (thousands of pounds). | 3783e7b6-fab9-4f7d-8467-2aa06a7310b4 |
c97nih | How does dandruff shampoo clear up dandruff? | Part of the cause of dandruff (it's a complex thing that is not fully understood) is a fungal infection of the scalp. Dandruff shampoos contain antifungals like zinc pyrithione that reduce the infection to a normal level. | ce66ea05-96fc-479f-8bbc-b9b0d4627c97 |
c97wew | How is it that women are able to have multiple orgasms unlike men who can (typically) only ejaculate once? | All the information I found, I found on Google, but it's concise and pretty clear. Here's what I found:
- It all has to do with the refractory period
- There are three stages in the male orgasm:
Phase one is the excitement phase — the part where your nipples will get hard, things like that. This is followed by the “plateau phase,” where there’s a sustained level of arousal that ends in ejaculation. Finally, there’s the third stage, the refractory period, which is when men generally become flaccid — and stay flaccid, despite their most frantic efforts to the contrary.
Women don’t necessarily follow this path, and are able to repeat the second phase again and again in what we generally think of as multiple orgasms.
" Once the ejaculate leaves the body, the penis is telling the brain that it no longer needs that blood supply,” explains Muhammad Mirza, a specialist in male reproductive health. Since the neurotransmitters in your brain don’t register that you’d actually like to keep going, it redistributes the blood that was previously keeping you hard. In order to regenerate, the arousal process needs to start all over again. In younger men, this may be a matter of mere minutes, while further into adulthood, the average is more like 30 minutes. In older people, it can take up to 24 hours.
Here's the source for anyone who wants to read the article more in depth. - _URL_0_ | cddf9b5a-1066-40a3-9f67-686748f7b832 |
c988t1 | How does hysterical strength work? | The human body has limitations. Think of it a little bit like a rev limiter in a car, the engine will spin faster but it’ll damage it, so it’s capped.
We can lift way more weight than we think, but your body will just go “nope” once it realises muscles are tearing and damage is being done.
But, under certain conditions, we can flood with hormones that let the brain ignore those signals. An override if you will. In those conditions, you can move faster/pull harder/lift heavier than what would be normally possible. Usually those conditions would be life or death situations, but also life or death of children and certain anxieties and mental health conditions can fire it. (Also certain drugs, interestingly).
In a specific moment, you can disregard your personal limitations since ruining muscle isnt as bad as whatever would happen otherwise.
Hope that helped. | 1f23c7b0-39c0-4a16-afa9-b325bf5b20a9 |
c98p8b | Why do most living organism in the deepest portion of the ocean are TRANSLUCENT? | Clear skin is easier for biology to make than opaque skin, but if an animal on the surface had opaque skin, their organs would get sunburn and they'd die. Deep sea animals never see the sun and can't be hurt by sunburn, so evolution makes them stop bothering with opaque skin. | 3f3eb170-f84d-4cf5-9042-67c859681fdb |
c98rjz | Why do light bulbs stop working when their glass covering is broken but filament intact? | The filament gets extremely hot when operating and this makes it likely to react with oxygen in the air, forming an oxide that isn't as conductive and will break the filament. Normally the glass covering keeps an inert atmosphere (nitrogen usually I think) around the filament, but with it broken the oxygen can get to it. | 09a2d63b-f5ea-4bea-b560-952f6c657529 |
c98y7y | When two countries declare war on each other, what happens to any civilian ships that are in the now enemy port? | Ships belonging to hostile belligerent countries get seized and impounded. Their crews are usually sent home through a neutral third party. | 42f187fd-2a06-497e-8af5-a4f07a646048 |
c99elo | How do electric circuits work? | The eli5:
Electricity is a force like gravity. Electrons can feel this force, and flow like water.
Wires and circuits are essentially change for the electrons to flow. When they reach a component like a motor they cause it to turn, like a water wheel.
Other components often have mechanical analogs. Transistors can be seen as levers or doorways. Electricity flows against one side, opening or closing it.
A clever arrangenent of these can create situations where flipping one lever closes.or opens others. This allows you to design a setup where a few small changes can alter lots of different things.
Mechanical computers do exist, but are much much larger. | 042ca0da-1037-49f4-b796-7b9f60c4830f |
c99fwl | why does touching ice sometimes feel the same as touching fire? | I'm not 100% sure on this so might want to verify it. The reason that extreme cold and extreme heat feel the same is because the transfer of heat, whether in or out, is felt by the same neural system. Touching something that exchanges large amounts of heat triggers your thermal sense to send what you can think of as a thermal alarm to the brain.
Hope this explained it simply enough, and I also hope I recalled it correctly and didn't just lie to you. | ef8a453e-6d4c-42a6-9336-cb3d75f4099a |
c99i53 | - How do hydrogen cars work? Are they better than electric cars? | Hydrogen fuel cells use the difference in charge between hydrogen and oxygen ions which provides the electric power to drive an engine. _URL_0_
Better is a rather subjective term and it depends upon what you are measuring and what weight you give. The output of a hydrogen fuel cell is non polluting, but the generation of the initial power might not be. | b06cca1d-68cf-47fb-b79b-6b1166d76ab0 |
c99jrs | How are sport sponsors able to justify the money spent on a club/player? | Of course the increased sales figures more than cover the money paid for player, team and club endorsements. Decades of market research bears this out. It's hard to wrap your head around just how much consumers are influenced by endorsements, but the simple truth is they are greatly influenced, and they spend accordingly. | d45a7bd0-5663-42e7-9bca-8a90d04002b1 |
c99r02 | How can every food truck, with limited resources, still make better food than most restaurants? | Food trucks are almost always a passion project and the only location, run by a husband & wife, family, or just a person who wants to serve good food. Passion for making good food matters far more than the tools used.
And maybe food truck people are less stressed than restaurant owners. | a986a1ee-22db-4818-994b-ffb76f9dc151 |
c9a3iu | How can we have the feeling of someone looking at us | We can't actually tell when someone is looking at us. But we're wired to notice small changes in the environment. Like a change in ambient sound when someone is standing behind us. Or reflections in surfaces when someone is moving behind us.
Also, people are wired to notice motion. So when you think someone is looking at you, and you look around the room to try to see who it is, your movement causes people to look at you, and you can mistakenly believe that they were looking at you *before* you started looking around, even though it was you looking around that *caused* them to look at you.
And finally, you tend to remember times when you felt like someone was looking at you and then saw another person looking at you, and forget the times when you had that feeling and no one was looking at you. And of course you're completely unaware of all the times people were looking at you and you had no idea that it was happening. | 77828f7d-1747-40d3-bb0e-cdc7f44d5e4e |
c9ab86 | What are workplace unions? How do they work and why does it seem like many companies are against them? | They’re gatherings of workers in a similar line of work. Plumbers unions, auto workers unions, construction unions, and the like. It’s basically the workers getting together and saying “we will all behave as one” like “if we don’t get a raise, we will all go on strike”. Someone who is part of a union but breaks with the actions of the union often find themselves unemployed and “blacklisted”.
Companies hate unions because the bargaining power of a union is much greater than an individual. If one guy says “give me a raise or I quit”, he’ll be shown the door. If the entire union says “raise or we walk”, it’ll be a shit load harder to replace that many people at once. | 1deb47db-e9f9-4aee-be56-027b3008d0ae |
c9ahws | Why is there such a huge difference in intelligence in humans? Isn’t our physical brain broadly comparable, and capable of the same performance in memory retention and retrieval, mathematical calculations, problem solving, etc.? | If you think about the intelligence it takes to do basic tasks, like distinguishing colors and shapes or understanding a simple sequence of events, we’re all roughly as smart. The variation really becomes apparent for more sophisticated tasks like doing calculus or coming up with insights from large volumes of unconnected data. As tasks get more and more complex, differences in intelligence become more clear. So in a sense, we’re all roughly equal in intelligence compared to, say, dogs. But compared to a theoretical physicist, there is a huge variation because the underlying problems are so challenging. | d9664f7d-c875-45b5-8ce8-30d85bdf9e4b |
c9asbc | How do they make fireworks so that they explode in particular shapes like stars, instead of out in every direction? | There's a "How It's Made" episode on it... super fascinating and you should watch it! Basically they pack them in the cylinder with plastic pieces that help provide a platform for the metals/powder to explode from. Keep it seperated. Then how they position those pieces make the shape..hopefully. | 945070a8-f818-485b-93f0-fb7e438a0bd0 |
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