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c9vsg6 | Why is it preferable for an airplane to have the propeller pulling at the front, instead of pushing from the back? | Generally propeller placement actually comes down to engine placement.
You need the center of mass of a plane to be in front of the center of lift otherwise the nose of the plane will constantly be lifting up and trying to stall you out. This generally calls for the big heavy engines to be in front of the wing.
There are a bunch of designs that have made it work, from little ones like the [Saab J21 fighter](_URL_0_) to bigger ones like the [Convair B-36 Peacemaker strategic bomber with 6 engines](_URL_1_), but it adds a fair bit of complexity to the design, and complexity generally equals weight, and weight is something you're trying really hard to avoid
Other downsides for it are that the prop wash actually helps generate more lift on a propeller plane as you're shoving fast air across the wings, and having the prop blow air across the engine helps keep it cool and reduces the risk of engine fires. If your prop is behind then wing then the wing goes through the air before the prop can causes turbulence which reduces the propeller efficiency by a few percent as well which requires a stronger(aka heavier) engine than if it were in front. | 5cd6ba44-6d10-4fbd-b898-2f4932711a0d |
c9vz28 | What makes cockroaches so resilient? Could humans utilize any of the same characteristics to our benefit? | We dont have a queen, we're mammals who fight each other. If humans behaved like roaches we'd all work together to reduce emissions and stop fighting each other. | ecd57630-f1ad-4eb8-a0ed-41f0b9f03974 |
c9w2ua | what they do to make icebreakers so much tougher than other ships | Because they only have one job. They don't need to be fuel efficient to make long sea trips economically feasible. They don't need massive storage capacity for transportation of goods. They don't need amenities for passengers. They need to be good as smashing ice. If you made other ships good at smashing ice, they'd be less good at their actual function. | f13106fa-b147-42b1-88bc-e5409f45a3ef |
c9w7sn | Flavour tones in wine. What are they, and why do white and red wines have flavour tones of apricot, berries, or tropical flavour tones despite not having those fruits in them? | Flavor tones in wines are a lot like finding shapes in the clouds, they don’t actually exist but when you take a sip of that wine the flavors you taste remind you of something you once ate or smelled. | b0222382-7d58-4943-b7c3-78184e134e5f |
c9wfgs | How long does the poison of a bee stays active after a bee died, and how and why? | This is not my area, but I was interested so I looked at a research article characterizing bee toxin. For a quick Eli5 answer, it's going to stay active for a pretty long time, until the sticker and sac start decomposing. What I saw on the method of toxicity was suggesting it messed up clotting process, started digesting cells at the injection site, and used a small peptide (amino acid chain, think of it like a small signal flag) to piss off your immune system, and get the whole area caught in 'friendly fire'. | bfe6192e-db7b-4aec-9637-1d69c22af361 |
c9wq7c | Why is my companies 'outlook' email system so much worse than gmail? | Your company wants to have control over all emails and probably owns the email server.
With Gmail, Google is hosting them and potentially has access to all. | 373af7f2-fcf2-4fee-bca7-e81021813063 |
c9wv0k | When your microwaving popcorn why don't they all pop at the same time? | Popular belief is that microwaves cook from the inside out but in reality the microwaves only penetrate a few millimeters. The kernels on the outside get the most energy and pop first, then the next ones in and so on. Popcorn relies on the tiny bit of moisture inside the kernel to turn to steam and then it "pops". If there isn't enough moisture in the kernel, it won't pop. You can also boil the kernels for 30 minutes, dry them off then pop them to get those half popped crunchy kernels like at the bottom of the bag. | 9241fb4b-327b-4d06-97ea-5d12d1d86275 |
c9wv49 | Why are printers in offices so huge when regular printers do a perfectly good job? | I don't know if it's the same for them all, but in my old job we had a massive printer in the office, and the reason is because the ink could be bought very cheap and last a lot longer. Instead of those small ink cartridges, we got extremely large ink banks, I guess they could be called, could last for around a month printing close to 5000 pages (A4) | 8eee8a08-d9aa-4787-bf57-e0ce96af0f78 |
c9x0pu | Why are there military staffing Wimbledon Tennis Championship? | It look like there is a tradition of volunteers from the armed forces to help at the games. It started in 1946 with the first post war championship. There was bomb damage during the war. There was bomb damage and bomb landed in the center court and destroyed part of the stands around it. There capacity droppe by 1200 because of the damages and it took almost a decade to replace it because of rationing of building materials.
So it is a tradition with volunteers today. [_URL_0_](_URL_0_). | 2fb98325-9e0a-49d1-b319-d461138b01a5 |
c9x6s5 | What happens to the brain when you zone out? | The brain decouples attention from outward sensation. It decides that nothing too important, difficult or dangerous is happening out there, and cuts the connection between the external and internal worlds.
Your brain works at memory retrieval of things important to your own life, your future, your relationships etc - things you know a lot about. | e7af53dd-b190-4cb8-9b29-0d1796872e41 |
c9xkb3 | Why do cellphone calls sound so bad and the reception sucks but if I use the same phone to talk on discord over the same network everything sounds better and the signal doesn't cut out nearly as frequently? | This has to do with the network used and encryption system. VOIP, which discord uses, routes audio data over the internet and encrypts them (stores and sends them) in a different way than phone calls. Phone calls do not run over the internet, and instead go over the phone network. They are encrypted at a lower bitrate as well, which tends to cause lower quality. You can turn your own bitrate down in discord settings and it will likely sound more like a phone call. | 8aac2467-46e8-411a-b00a-fc7cafc4d472 |
c9xnvr | What are the differences between OS systems like Mac OS, Linux & Windows? Why would someone want to use one over the other? | In short: Different ideas solving the same problem in different _URL_0_ operating system on a computer is basically a collection of base-functionality that makes up the bulk of what you want to do with a computer. Like reading and writing files to a storage device (like your harddrives) or accessing a network or displaying information on a screen and reading inputs from a mouse and keyboard, etc.
All those functions (and a whole lot more) are basically common functionality that all computers need to operate. An OS provides a pre-built set of those functionalities, hence it's called an "Operating System".
Mac OS and Linux are both based on an earlier OS called "Unix" while Windows is more of a self-contained concept. The main difference between the two would be that almost all Unix-based operating systems provide their base functionality in small and independent modules, where each module is designed to do only one specific job, (a so-called 'Modular' operating system) while Windows provides a more "All-in-one" approach to providing base functionalities in one, big, interconnected set of functionalities (A so-called 'Monolithic' operating system).
This means that in Unix-based operating systems, it is a lot easier to replace single modules with newer, better or simply more 'different' bits while leaving most of the rest of the OS in tact to continue it's operation, while in Windows it is not as trivial to replace single components since most of them are interdependent on each other by design.
There is no definitive answer to which OS is 'better' than the others, because this highly depends on what you expect of your OS and which needs you have. For example: Linux is highly adaptable, requires only little computing power to operate (at least generally) and generally handles text-based commands and interactions better than graphical applications.
Windows is a lot less adaptable but generally handles everything graphical and everything Multi-Media way better than Linux does in my experience.
I can't really speak for Mac OS in great detail since I have only very little experience with it, but from what I have seen of it, it is basically a mid-way point between Linux and Windows, since it aims to be modular (like Linux) while hiding away it's complicated details from inexperienced users in an attempt to provide ease of use and fault tolerance, just like Windows does. | 2402eecf-7738-4550-b631-e7d673ed6fc7 |
c9xs91 | How are hippos so fast despite their size? | Their size is all muscle. You can move pretty much anything if you put enough power into it and hippo's can generate a lot of power. | c0e58a8e-b0ea-48c2-a7f3-0b5a43bc2188 |
c9xsxs | What is the difference between mixing and mastering a song? | The most basic explanation is mixing is making adjustments to the individual tracks/instruments so that they mesh together best (adjusting volume of tracks against each other, adjusting eqs or the panning of certain tracks.)
Mastering is adding whatever final touches/effects to the track as whole once the individual tracks have been mixed together. This could be making the track fade out, adjusting the overall eq, or adding reverb to the entire track. | 4fa56e57-ef8c-4b8c-8d57-c48a0db245a4 |
c9y0m4 | Fractals | The basic idea is that mathematics focuses on kinda "pure" shapes, which start to resemble a line, or some number of lines, when you zoom in close enough.
Fractals are "everything else". They are bumby no matter how much you zoom in, revealing new details.
Typical way to create fractals is to have self-similar shapes, where some part of whole is like the whole. Like, take line. Take out middle third. Then for both remaining lines, take out middle third. Keep doing that. If you were to continue that for infinitely long time, now the both end thirds of the whole resemble the whole line. They all have middle thirds removed, then middle thirds of what remains, etc.
Self-similar shapes aren't the only fractals, but mathematicians like them because they are pretty easy to understand and study. In real life, coast lines for example resemble fractals(although infinite zoom doesn't make sense, we can replace that with "reasonably deep zoom"). Coast lines tend to be bumby for about as long as it's reasonable to zoom into them. In a way most natural things are pretty well thought of as fractals. | b4f5dbf4-4c54-4a5b-8e52-fc5c7cd7d476 |
c9ypl5 | when doing cardio-like exercises, why is a lower heart rate suggested in order to be in the fat-burning ‘zone’ and a higher heart rate ‘cardio’? | Exercise Physiologist here:
I'll try to make exercise metabolism as simple as I can.
What is burned by the body and the active muscles, primarily fat and carbohydrates, is dependent on intensity of activity. As for heart rate, it is measure of intensity (lower heart rate, lower intensity; higher heart rate, higher intensity). It is also important to mention that as we discuss this, we are talking about the muscles involved in activity, muscles that are not involved can be using energy differently.
What is burned by the muscle depends on the intensity of activity (again, heart rate is a measure of it). Why is intensity important to what is burned (more fat vs more carbohydrate), the amount of oxygen that can be supplied to the exercising muscles. Fat requires a fair amount of oxygen to be turned into energy for exercise, carbohydrate can be broken down with and without a lot of oxygen. When we are exercising at lower heart rates (lower intensity), we are able to supply plenty of oxygen to turn fat into energy. As heart rate goes up (increased intensity), we are able to provide less oxygen to convert fat to energy, and we shift over to more carbohydrates. As intensity continues to climb, we are less and less able to supply oxygen to convert fat into energy, and the muscles become more and more dependent on carbohydrates.
So, at lower heart rates/intensity we are able to supply enough oxygen to burn fat. At higher heart rates/intensity, we are less able to provide oxygen to burn fat and shift to a higher and higher percent of carbohydrates because they don't require as much oxygen. | 2cf8e482-00d6-4595-aa7e-cf4f844070ae |
c9yswh | Why does fog in a forest look brighter than the actual forest itself even though there is no light source anywhere near it? | The fog is white, while the forest is colored. Anything white on a colored background looks brighter than the background, because white reflects more light than any other color. | 79144a47-1db4-40b7-9b90-8cab6d256515 |
c9yxrr | How does laundry fabric softener make fabric softer? | Basically, it contains an oil-based chemical that coats your clothes and makes them feel smoother to the touch. Rub a dryer sheet between your fingers and there's a sort of sticky/tacky feeling - that's the substance there.
They also contain charged particles (ions) to neutralise the buildup of static electricity that normally occurs during the mechanical drying process. This not only reduces the obvious effects of static (like clothes sticking to each other or crackling noises) but also helps make it so that individual threads in the fabric 'stand up' instead of sticking to each other, which makes the fabric feel 'fluffier'. | fd0260ff-add7-40c6-88ea-4d1bb4c2dc5a |
c9z826 | How are the heights of mountains measured? | Most mountains were measured by surveying instruments such as theodolites, capable very accurate measurements of angles both horizontally and vertically. You start with a very accurately measured distance on the ground then measure the angles to a third point from each end and calculate how far away it is by trigonometry. Carry on like that until you have measured the whole country. Vertical height is done the same way by measuring angles up and down.
For an example, the Great Trigonometric Survey of India measured a height for Everest within 30 feet of the current value (29,029 feet), a discrepancy of only 1 part in a thousand. That was virtually a century before the peak was first climbed. | 5a95b38e-9ffa-488f-b7dd-8624850adcf8 |
c9zc1u | The controversy around the reliability of Wikipedia | Some people trust a central authority that vets the information that gets published, like Encyclopedia Brittanica.
Others prefer a crowd sourced model where anyone can modify or add information, like Wikipedia. Of course, this means that anyone can add almost anything to Wikipedia, even if it’s known to be untrue. However, Wikipedia keeps a full edit log, and if an article gets noticed, misinformation will eventually get cleaned up.
But an encyclopedia of any type is meant to be a jumping off point or quick reference; if you’re actually wanting to learn about a subject, you start with the works cited. | 864fe82a-59d5-49fb-a9da-1b0f87dca56a |
c9zcm0 | Why do minivans have pop-out third row windows? | I'd imagine it's due to some combination of cost reduction (car companies are *incredibly* stingy lol), improving airflow without causing the annoying buffeting effect inside the vehicle, and the simple fact that the rear wheels of a minivan are right under the third row windows, so those windows couldn't roll down all the way anyway. | 67c7ca90-fdc1-4bb1-b835-e3dbf6654050 |
c9zh1w | What is a good scenario to use the lower gears of an automatic transmission vehicle and why? | Going down steep or long hills. A lower gear will allow the engine compression braking to slow the vehicle. That's important because overheated brakes lose ability to stop if the brake fluid boils. | 242a5469-e0b0-4104-bf14-e03254a728ca |
c9zpe8 | If 50+ SPF is best, why are there sunscreens on the market with much less protection? | SPF 50 is not much more protective than SPF 30. Here is why.
The number refers to the fraction of the UV radiation you are exposed to compared to no sunscreen. SPF 30 means 1/30th the UV exposure. This is 3.33%. SPF 50 is 1/50th, or 2%.
There is greatly diminishing returns in the increased protection. Most societies, like American Academy of Pediatrics recommend at least 15, and up to 50. But 50 is hardly more protective than 30. It's what I generally recommend to patients. | e23b2e1f-8513-4131-83fe-e75564875b7a |
c9zr6h | The Circle of fifths | The first thing you need to understand before understanding the circle of fifths is how a major scale is constructed. If you go to a piano and you play all the white notes in ascending order starting from C (do) and ending in the next C you will have a major scale. If you watch closely you will see there are different intervals (distances) between all the notes, from C to D there are 2 semitones (two keys) from D to E 2 semitones, from E to F 1 semitone (1 key), etc. Resuming that, all major scales are formed with this pattern: Tone+Tone+Semitone+ Tone + Tone + Tone + Semitone.
If you notice we haven´t touched the black keys, that is when the circle of fifths enters to play. If you move a fifth up (by fifth i mean interval and by interval i mean distance between notes. So the distance between C and G is a 5th ((C,d,e,f,G)) ) and you build a mayor scale from that note (G), you will notice when you use the T T s TTT s pattern that you will need an F#, that F will be always altered, so a way of not writting a # each time an F appears, you write it down at the beginning of the music sheet. This will mean that you are not in the key of C, you are now in the key of G.
What happens if you move a 5th up from G and build a major scale from that note (D)?. Another # will appear, this time in C. If you move another 5th from D you will be in A and another # appears (G#).
The same happens when you move a 5th down from C, but this time instead of using #s you will use b´s (flats).
& #x200B;
Tldr. The circle of fifths is the way of writting the alterations that tonal music uses based on the major scale. It is used to establish a tonality (major or minor scale) | 96547629-4077-4239-afad-5baa31aebdb6 |
c9zsai | How do graphics cards work? | Each pixel on your screen always shows a certain color, depending on what it is you want to display on the screen. That color needs to be "calculated" somehow, depending on the program you're currently running and what it is you're seeing on your screen. Common computer screens nowadays have 1920 x 1080 = 2,073,600 pixels. That's a lot.
Therefore, graphics cards commonly have hundreds of a lot smaller processors than your normal CPU is. They can't do the same things than you normal CPU can do, but they can do enough to calculate those colors of the pixels. And since they are so many of them, the calculations go a lot faster than if your normal CPU would have to do all of them on itself, one by one. | f02b90ab-e8b7-49ae-a387-23eb89ce7b71 |
c9zwct | What is the difference between hand soap and dish soap? | Dish soap is definitely safe for hands! Dawn in particular is used to clean up animals caught in oil spills, and is great for giving infant kittens flea baths before they're big enough to handle the chemicals in flea meds. The difference though is that dish soap is designed to get rid of as much oil as possible, and while no one wants to be greasy, our skin does need some oil to not dry out. Washing with dish soap too often can dry out your hands (this is why they make the pink dish soaps with added moisturizer, though how that stacks up to hand soap I'm not certain) | ddb7be62-5439-4cce-a22f-1bbc15eddb3b |
ca0bg8 | Why does licking your fingers either increase or decrease your grip? | Wet fingers will increase or decrease your ability to grip different kinds of materials.
Licking your finger and touching something porous like paper will cause your finger to stick to the page, while licking your fingers and grabbing onto something solid like a jar of pickles will cause your fingers to slide. | 55547369-3c7f-4747-9b26-fa0289ad3c23 |
ca0f00 | What's the reason behind the American student loan crisis? | I’ll try to not sound too political but these are just some of the facts. The whole crisis has many layers but this I think is a very big part of it.
Govt backed guaranteed loans allows students to take out money without qualifying the type of degrees they are seeking. Whether you are applying to a college for asian studies or mechanical engineering, you are able to take out govt backed guaranteed loans that universities accept.
Universities knowing this money is available to their students have increased their tuitions over the past decades to where we are now. The idea that education is somewhat a “human right” coupled with almost automatically being approved for outrageous loans with no vetting of what type of degree the borrower is seeking will and has led to where we are today. | 7e964305-4cb4-4b49-85cb-b07d85494256 |
ca0hmt | How was Venice built and how does it stay afloat? | From Wikipedia^[citation](_URL_0_) :
> It is situated on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges
It doesn't stay afloat because it's not floating. | 1d75ce35-61d7-4028-aa9b-6f18b11dc2b7 |
ca0lk8 | how do cameramen and women in films hide the cameras whilst filming so well when there is a scene with reflections? | Scenes are carefully choreographed in advance, including the camera angle. That's the behind the scenes you see of the cinematographer walking around holding a lens to their eye. Sometimes, particularly with mirrors, they shoot with a non-plano camera that has a distortion opposite the the effect of shooting at an angle. In the worst case, they just edit them out in post, like CGI only backwards. That's how they remove wires and support structures. | c561f0d0-eeeb-4770-b9a3-61eaad3e8b2f |
ca0o2c | What is DNS over HTTPS? | It's an experimental way of providing DNS resolution via HTTPS.
It provides the advantage of not being vulnerable to Man-in-the-middle attacks (due to the TLS encryption in HTTPS), preventing DNS spoofing. | 7f0dc6a2-23b4-4647-9ac6-04fbd52f2ef3 |
ca0pc5 | Why do some cultures love capsaicin, and some absolutely hate it? Where did the enjoyment of spicy foods come from? | In warm climates, food will rot and turn rancid a lot faster than in cold climates. In order to keep food longer, as well as to hide the taste of rot, spices are added to food. Spices that include capsaicin, such as chilis, are especially effecting for slowing rot. So the cultures in hot climates had to either deal with spicy food, or die, leading to an association between spicy food and edible food. | 16f1762d-b9d9-4fd8-bcaa-d73c51fe7b62 |
ca0qxb | What is it that causes cysts/spots to rupture with such force? | The spot is visible because of pressure build up so when you pop the skin the small amount of pressure that there is, forces the gunk out. With toothpaste the only pressure comes from your fingers so it will come out as hard as you squeeze | 3ae0f2a0-68d5-4cd7-8798-305328a13dc3 |
ca1ap4 | Why does it thunder after lightning strikes? | They are both happening at the same time. But the speed of sound is slower than the speed of light. So you hear it after you see it. | 7775f372-025b-44f7-8e04-84abf7a6f2af |
ca1iy0 | How do sailboats navigate against the wind? | They can't go directly against the wind. But if they appreciate at an angle they can deflect some of the wind behind them to get some forward motion.
If they simply sat on the surface of the water this would the wind would still cause the boat to slide downwind. However they sit "in" the water, often with a fin sticking out for smaller boats. This resists then simply sliding downwind.
So the keel (boat bottom) keeps them from going downwind, and approaching at an angle let's them still get some forward motion, allowing them to make some progress against the wind. After a while they "tack" to angle upwind the other way, and zig zag back and forth.
The triangular sails of "sloops" manage this quite well, and can actually get more speed going a bit upwind than down as the said acts like a wing, using the air on both sides of the sail. Older styles can still go upwind, but are less efficient. | 682e03ce-9fb5-4dfd-a269-dcaa60d165bd |
ca1l3w | Why do old films from the early 20th century make people look unnatural in their movements? | Primarily because they are recorded at a low frame rate due to limitations of the film (and cost) and played back at different speed. This causes some hello herky jerky motion until they managed better recording and playback speeds.
Modern directors still use this from time to time for various cinematic effects, like during a fight scene, it when a monster is on screen. | 81eb0e76-88a0-45f4-be99-2a3ff0ac51a9 |
ca1u4a | What happens to paper (and other non-metals) when you recycle them? | A simple google search would’ve answered this question.
Here is a step by step guide of how paper is recycled.
_URL_0_
They do remove the ink but the paper is also pulped and shredded and then reformed into new sheets. They don’t just take one sheet remove the ink and use it again. | 769071be-81f3-49fd-98d4-242fd0e02cb0 |
ca20v0 | why do your eyes water when you choke? | Two reasons.
The first is due to how the body reacts to things. When you choke on something, in addition to the usual coughing to attempt to expel the offending food item, your body also increases secretions of fluid/mucus in the throat to attempt to lubricate the throat and make it easier to remove the thing you're choking on. It happens that the same pathway also causes secretion of tears.
The second is purely physical. Your tears normally drain from the eye through holes called the *puncta* into the back of your nose and throat. This is also why your nose gets runny when you cry or otherwise tear up. When you cough or choke, you're forcing air up into your throat and out of your nose/mouth, so this increased pressure forces some tears back up the duct. | 0227f3da-265f-4818-946b-ef2e3cb9c502 |
ca27ok | Earthquake Return Period vs Statistics | If I’m not mistaken I think that time frame in the case of like the cascadia subduction zone they’ve just noticed through different a few different clues that these mega thrust earthquakes happen give or take once every thousand years or so. So it’s not a return period they’re assigning rather then just a “hey we think it’s most likely to happen in the next thousand years” | 33110e62-c6e2-498f-8850-cbd0afac6a18 |
ca28h7 | why do people freak out when you "disrespect the flag" but if you go to the beach you'll find half a dozen people sitting on American flag beach towels? | Because it isn’t really disrespecting the flag that they care about. That’s just a proxy for their disagreement with the protesters who use the flag as a symbol of the issue their protest is intended to highlight. They are uncomfortable being direct about their disagreement, so they attempt to reframe the issue in a way that makes people less sympathetic to the protesters.
Edit: Words | d2f4cbd9-98d1-477e-b9f5-396251bf4f26 |
ca2lwa | How does a person become a carnie? | Start smoking meth immediately. Added bonus for unfiltered cigarettes. Shower yourself once every 2 weeks in rams piss and have a friend knock a couple teeth out. | c758c37d-f9c5-420f-ab2e-c376efef52d0 |
ca2nzd | Am I stupid or is Google wrong? | It is possible when Google is correct, that someone who thinks that it is not, is not stupid. People have blinders that often prevent them from seeing alternative ways of looking at things. They become convinced that right is wrong. It's not always stupidity | df25667c-ff31-4ea8-a36a-968da8f28d04 |
ca2pwm | How can non-ionizing radiation cause radiation injuries? | The full text of the part you are quoting is
> **Have Radiation Injuries Resulted from Microwave Ovens?**
>
> Most injuries related to microwave ovens are the result of heat-related burns from hot containers, overheated foods, or exploding liquids. Most injuries are not radiation-related. That said, there have been very rare instances of radiation injury due to unusual circumstances or improper servicing. In general, microwave oven radiation injuries are caused by exposure to large amounts of microwave radiation leaking through openings such as gaps in the microwave oven seals. However, FDA regulations require that microwave ovens are designed to prevent these high level radiation leaks.
& #x200B;
What they say is that most injuries if from stuff that you heat up in the microwave and the touch so it is not because humans are hit directly by microwave radiation.
Some are by getting hit by microwave radiation that have leaked out because of bad design or damaged ovens. So humans get damaged by geting heated up by microwave radiation directly. Both will be thermal damage but in different way where one in by getting hit by microwave and the other is by hot food.
The eyes are especially sensitive and microwave can damage the retina a like how sunlight or a bright light. In sunlight UV light that can be ionizing is the most damaging but a green laser can damage the eyes permanently even if there is not other frequency involved.
So both are thermal damage but delivered in different way. On is when you touch the stuff inside when the microwave is off and the other happen when the microwave is running. Separating the two is important because of how they happen and what you should do to refuse the risk. So
There is some other text of how microwaves is dangerous to human where eyes and testes are most sensitive.
> **Microwave Ovens and Health**
>
> Microwave radiation can heat body tissue the same way it heats food. Exposure to high levels of microwaves can cause a painful burn. Two areas of the body, the eyes and the testes, are particularly vulnerable to RF heating because there is relatively little blood flow in them to carry away excess heat. Additionally, the lens of the eye is particularly sensitive to intense heat, and exposure to high levels of microwaves can cause cataracts. But these types of injuries – burns and cataracts – can only be caused by exposure to large amounts of microwave radiation. | 4e107caa-7fac-4846-89a6-54d2cd6dd8ef |
ca2tqi | Why does club soda work so well getting stains out? | Club soda, and all carbonated beverages, contain carbonic acid. This is a by product of the carbonation process. This acid breaks apart the stain from the fibers of your clothes making them clean. | ecc00248-e85e-406d-800a-9bc7b989b4ee |
ca2whb | How do they isolate oxygen to fill tanks with? | Most of the time is is done by cooling down air and when you reach the temperature oxygen become a liquid you can extract it.
Air is mostly Nitrogen. oxygen, water, argon and carbon dioxide . The water and carbon dioxide will become a liquid(solid before oxygen and the other will become a liquid after
It is a bit how you distill alcohol by heating it up and the alcohol boil before water but it is done by cooling it down instead. | 32ccfc7d-a709-44ae-9d06-ad00955a46d5 |
ca3qto | Why are computers and electronics in general restricted to binary system (0 and 1)? Why not 0,1 and 2? | I'm no expert, but as I understand it that is because power is either flowing or not flowing to/through a system. Thus binary. Building a system that has three states becomes harder as the sizes we are talking about make perfectly steady streams of power difficult. | 2c5f81ef-9934-45f0-a046-aa9d36a3b39b |
ca3slz | How do paper cups not get wet? | Paper cups usually have a waterproof wax lining. Alcohol - I.e. ethanol happens to be a good solvent and might erode some of that layer making it translucent. | b3ba18d1-ed57-4a36-8f73-e93a2a78ba9f |
ca3yqw | why does the taste and texture of whiskey changes when you keep a shot in your mouth for some time ie 30 seconds, before you swallow it? | I would imagine its not whiskey that changes texture but delicate skin in your mouth and tongue react to being bathed in strong alcohol. | 27de46ab-87a7-4988-9829-da732729e2c5 |
ca3zab | How come 25 degrees celsius feels hot outside but cold in water ? | I would think it's due to water having a higher thermal conductivity than air. Thermal conductivity is the amount that something is able to transmit heat to something else. Basically water conducts heat away from your body at a much higher rate than air does. | a4cdf01f-6c85-4288-8227-043daf1632a2 |
ca3zoq | What does it take to convert matter into energy, and would it cause an explosion? Why, exactly, would it cause an explosion if it would? | the most common method to convert matter into energy is combustion ( burning it ), this reaction produces thermal (heat) energy, and a small amount of kenetic (movement) energy from expanding gases.
in a car those expanding gases are used to push the pistons in the engine.
in a steam engine the thermal energy is used to rapidly heat water and the steam produce expands and pushes a turbine which converts the thermal energy to kenetic energy.
power stations use a steam engine connected to a generator, converting it to electric energy. | e5c6c201-24b0-4878-ad55-878fc1eaef71 |
ca46ea | Why can electric cars brake solely on induction? | When braking through induction the brake force isn't just depending on the strength of the magnet but also the speed of the car. At low speeds induction braking practically does nothing no matter the strength of the magnet as induction depends on the rate of change of the magnetic field and at low speed (=slow rotation of the wheels) that rate is always going to be relatively low. At high speeds though it could generate a greater force than normal break pads. In any case due to the low speed braking limitations you always need normal brakes, too. | e85afbcb-7eda-4e56-9b59-6a2445deb26a |
ca48ao | Why do wounds hurt more when they get wet? | Guessing as well but I thought it because of two reasons.
One being is that your nerves are exposed on a wounded skin and react to stimuli much stronger.
And reason 2 is that water washes away protective layer of blood and once again exposes nerves. | 335bb600-51fc-409b-8cd0-c46e72d83a64 |
ca4g11 | What is technological singularity? | A "singularity", in general, is a point at which things that are usually predictable start to get...weird...which makes it really hard to make accurate predictions.
A "technological singularity" is the idea applied to technology - in other words, it's some technological innovation or another which, once it exists, makes it extremely difficult to predict what happens next. The typical example is something like this:
* Someone creates an AI. They understand it because they created it - and creating a really-for-real intelligent, self-aware computer program pretty much represents the pinnacle of humanity's programming knowledge.
* The AI figures out a way to create an *even smarter* AI. The people who created the AI in the first place can kiiiiiiinda understand this second AI...but not really, since the first AI was already pretty much the best they could do.
* The second AI figures out how to make an even smarter AI than itself...and since it was smarter than the first AI, it's able to do it more quickly. That even-smarter third AI creates a fourth AI that's even smarter...and it was able to do it more quickly than the second one did.
* This continues and \*poof\* now you're up to the *10 billionth* AI. There is absolutely no possible way that anyone can predict what happens next - because, by definition, we're now way beyond the limits of human knowledge. | 7e3f7211-2a5c-4b45-99e6-b0398d8b0b1e |
ca4woe | Why do some countries have different names in different languages? | In Russian, German is немецкий, I believe, and from what I remember my Russian teacher telling us years ago, it stems from the phrase “the mutes” or “unable to speak,” because when Slavs first met Germans way back when, they obviously didn’t speak the same language and couldn’t understand each other, so the Slavic people just went ahead and named the entire German-speaking population after people who can’t speak. | 4f975cf2-6455-4d19-999e-bd23c819ecca |
ca58uc | What spirts are used with Enochian Magic | Actually I would say various spirits. But I suppose it is more heavily angel aligned than the rest out there. Might wanna look at r/occult, too. | 61f32e9b-80d8-4269-8203-0dc72fd553ed |
ca5kfa | Why some DJ's press unnecessary buttons in the mixer while performing? | Just because you didn't hear anything doesn't mean it didn't do a thing..
He was probably mixing under his headphones, preparing a transition, cue another song up, layer the beats.
And a good dj would do all this in a way that someone who doesn't know the tracks won't notice a hard difference | fecbb3c9-5801-46c8-8bec-f8a68ce2352b |
ca5loc | Why does heat expand radius of the circle in metals? | Consider an iron tyre for an old-timey wheel. It's basically just a long strip of metal that's been bent into a hoop. If it weren't bent into a hoop and you heated it up, you would expect the strip to get longer. Since it is a loop, what that looks like is that the circumference gets bigger. (This is in fact what happens; it's fitted around the wheel while hot, and when it cools, it shrinks, squeezing the felloes onto the spokes and the spokes onto the hub.)
Now let's consider the opposite case: a *huge* block of metal, practically infinite in size, with a narrow hole drilled through it. If you heat that up, the metal will tend to expand, but the metal near the drilled hole will have nowhere to go but inward, squeezing it shut.
What we see here is that the expansion and contraction of materials due to temperature change has complex effects on the shape of objects. If you think about the second case, you can see how temperature changes can cause uneven changes in the internal stresses of a material, which is a serious engineering challenge. | 97f01ed8-3709-4f4a-809c-6f67474f3ad9 |
ca5mwq | Why is early to bed considered better than late to bed even if get the same amount of sleep? | Humans rely on 2 kinds of sleep cycles to achieve the complete benefits of sleep, named after observable eye-bahavior that occurs during each cycle (REM = rapid eye movement, N-REM = non-rapid eye movement). These cycles primarily occur during different periods of the night. If you do not sleep adequately through both periods and both cycles - even if the total hours of sleep are the same - you will not be well rested.
[This podcast](_URL_0_) did a really good 5+ hour interview about sleep science that was very informative and greatly emphasized how to get good sleep, and how important it is to every part of our health and well being. | e02f8584-6cf7-4178-a02d-8c7e59723097 |
ca6ktw | How does the separation between a forest and a feild occur naturally, without the help of Man? | Meadows are areas that support plant life that uses shallow surface water but nothing much deeper than 1m. It’s difficult for trees to take hold in this spongier ground.
Fire plays a part. As does grazing.
_URL_0_ | d3057f81-01f9-4b94-99a2-539fc4064780 |
ca6pst | Why is Iran announcing breaches of the nuclear deal? What's their goal in making these announcements? | The US pulled out of the deal, so they probably are making these announcements to (correctly) make us look bad for ditching it. That's my guess anyways. | 63a765c8-bf9c-477f-a734-a773ff67c347 |
ca6xr2 | Why not use 48 Hz for interlaced broadcasting? | If i remember correctly broadcasting is highly relative to power lines frequency which is 50 Hz in some countries. For example North American NTSC system works with 60 Hz. | 8312064a-790b-4aa3-abdb-1d98fa77e75e |
ca72uw | What happens to people who got in debt from medical care but then they're unable to pay them at all and it's all too late? | The hospital can send it to collections. If they think they can get any sort of money out of you they may sue you and get a court order to garnish wages or force the sale of some assets. If you're, say, a broke homeless person that won't ever likely have significant money they won't bother and will just eat the loss. | 83c0d65b-7904-48f3-b8d4-fa7a18d11363 |
ca7btr | How do battery charges work? How is it contained and recharged? (Laptops, Phones etc) | The charger is applied in parallel (positive to positive and negative to negative)
In this configuration the voltage difference is what pushes the charge into the battery.
The higher voltage of the charger pushes the charge to battery and its converted to chemical charge (exactly what depends on the battery).
For example, if you put two batteries in parallel (like jumping one car from another) the battery with more volts pushes charge into the one with lower charge.
Voltage tries to equal them out - nature doesnt like a vacuum | 5db6854d-2dc1-4fd1-bb41-e72345b5e30e |
ca7kdk | why on some but not all rollercoasters are prosthetics not allowed? | The more intense a rollercoaster, the more safety risks there are. My dad's lost a phone or two to rollercoasters, and one time his glasses! It's way more debilitating to lose a limb, even an artificial one, than a phone or glasses. Also a lot more expensive! And if something goes wrong where people need to get to safety fast, that's a lot easier with two functional legs to run on and an arm or two to get the seat belts off. | 7842caf8-2649-43fc-bb50-d2a3934b66f0 |
ca7uv5 | How does hearing help you with balance? | Hearing itself doesn't help you balance. Your inner ear helps with balance. It's filled with fluid that helps you determine what direction up is. When you're spinning around and stop the fluid takes a few seconds to slow down which is what makes you dizzy. | e588af88-1279-43f2-b8d4-bd665cbf2d06 |
ca88oq | Why is the middle east important to the US? | Oil. Control of trade routes. Buffer communism. It’s important to us because it’s important our adversaries. | babcbe80-66ca-4172-ba34-8855b3a41808 |
ca8gfs | Why would active criminals willingly be filmed in a documentary? | This is a great series!!! I don’t know why people would allow themselves to be filmed either. I’m sure it had to be approved at the top of the drug people’s chain. Perhaps they want to show the breadth of their power and operations. | 414e289b-b3b7-40ee-99ec-2ac8a137242c |
ca8nd6 | How does autotune work? | It changes the pitch of a note to align with a oredesignated note. This doesn't speed it up or slow it down, it's just one of the easiest ways to change pitch used to be speeding something up or slowing it down (slowing it down will decrease the pitch or make it sound low and deep, speeding it up with increase the pitch making it sound high and squeeky) however modern computers are able to do this other ways using some semi complex mathematics.
So with autotune what you can do is record some audio (like a person singing) and designating what note that audio should be approximating at any given time. Then it increases or decreases the pitch of that audio (using non-eli5 magic math) so that it matches that note.
Now on a special case, what do you think will happen if you designate the note that it should be as being a really high pitched note? Well when trying to correct it will make everything high pitched and can cause that classic autotune robotic voice type thing that is common in songs with people like kesha and t-pain.
So TL;DR speeding up and slowing down isn't done, but changing the pitch is done. Auto tune will tune some audio towards a present note and certain programs like auto tune will even autodetect which note to tune it to based on the music. It allows for much sharper and much better singing, however when used different from intended (by setting the note to be really high) you can get some very robotic sounding noises due to a number of ELI5 factors. A good song to hear this classic auto tune robotic voice is T-pain in "I'm on a boat" by the lonely island (it's the only song I can think of off the top of my head) | 0cc5c4ec-4adf-4d5d-aa44-483bc2a722ec |
ca92nj | When something gets in your eye, where does it go? | If the thing in your eye doesn’t get out of your eye, then it might go inside your eye or your eye lid, and then it might get infected. But if it’s small enough, sometimes your body will absorb it and rip it apart into even tinier pieces and put them elsewhere in your body. | 98b83a68-fecf-4691-abfb-66426a6b6e4b |
ca9b6p | How does RAM work? | Heres an analogy comparing a computer to an office desk
Obligatory edit: the context here is OP's question, this is not nor ever was intended to be the end all perfect analogy. Remember ELI5 guidelines folks.
The hard drives are long term storage, like file cabinets
The RAM is how big the top of the table is, like how many papers you can look at face-up at the same time (after you're done 'loading' it into the table from said cabinet)
The CPU speed is how fast you can move your hands to flip papers over and do stuff
The GPU speed is how fast a printer can print out high definition pictures on a sheet of paper
Edit: RAM doesnt store things long term cause the "office" has a clean desk policy, all desk papers gotta go to the file cabinet at end of day (when the power is off) cause the janitor will just throw away anything that isnt nailed down.
A bigger file cabinet (high capacity hard drive) does hold more but isnt faster, one heavy-ass cabinet sure does hold a lot but it's hard to move. An SSD is like one of those tiny desk organizers with lots of little drawers, you can move stuff much quicker but it doesnt hold as much
Dual core CPU is like having two arms, quad core like 4 arms etc. You can imagine that so many arms wont always be useful, which is why a 16-core CPU (lots of skinny spider arms) might not play games as well as a few beefy hulk arms.
Hope this helps :) | 894bd8d4-24eb-43ca-835a-c2103e8ca368 |
caayim | what happens to the donors dna when an organ was transplanted or the blood was transferred? | The donor's DNA is going to stay inside the cells of the organ and will persist through the life of said organ. It will be like a tree cutting that is grafted onto another tree, that organ will always have the DNA of the donor.
Blood actually mostly contains red blood cells which don't have a nucleus and so don't have DNA. There isn't any to have something happen to it. | 16d9b246-d6e2-438f-bb98-9dcce4fc03f4 |
caazec | how is mathematics used to explain/describe things? | The question is a bit broad, what do you mean with something real? I mean, take a ball used for golf. There are equations that represent a sphere. There are equations to calculate the surface area, the volume, the radius, etc. With all this math can explain something real.
It also works on a bit more abstract things. Math can be used to describe a conversation between two people. After all, sound is only a wave. And math can describe waves (you propably know of Sine, cosine and tangent ) and with those waves we can describe sound. | 78639850-ad21-435a-b446-5fc53e35510c |
cabb8s | Why there are so many different variations of SSRI? | Psychiatric drugs work in a more complicated way than you might think.
There are 7 families of serotonin receptors throughout the brain, some being more focussed in particular regions. Within the families are more subtypes.
Historically, SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) came off the back of other drugs being discovered first (monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants). Through these drugs they discovered that increasing certain chemicals in the brain, especially serotonin, seemed to improve depressive symptoms. Thus drug companies poured more money into researching and making SSRI drugs, and voila. SSRIs are born.
Each SSRI has slightly different serotonin receptor profile which it targets. Also different people have slightly different receptor profiles in their brains, and on top of THAT, mental illness (ie depression and anxiety) can occur due to a complex interplay between multiple pathophysiological processes in the brain, some of which result in serotonin issues which SSRIs can help with.
TLDR
SSRIs each have a slightly different profile of serotonin receptors they target.
Some people will be more responsive to some SSRIs compared to others.
Also drug companies made a bunch in the last few decades thanks to research and business. | 156412c8-c830-485d-b920-c6576b8b5e93 |
cabcpa | How electricity/electrons find the path of least resistance | They kind of travel every parallel path where there is non-infinite resistance. So if I have 2 wires, one with 5ohms of resistance and one with 10 ohms of resistance, the electricity will travel down both of them... However the resistance will restrict the flow in the 10 ohm wire meaning fewer electrons (and thus less electricity) will travel through that wire.
Some things have infinite resistance (such as non-ionized air) and as a result no electricity will pass through unless the voltage reaches a certain threshold which can actually change its resistance from infinite to non-infinite (such as by ionizing air molecules)
Edit: for the water slide analogy. Think of paths with more resistance as being slower waterslides. Thus if 10 people line up at each water slide the slide with more resistance (slower slide) will have a longer line after some set amount of time... So new people climbing up to the top might see the longer line and instead line up at the one with the shorter line, some may even switch to the one with the shorter line as well. | f9ac1402-6c4d-4100-8f8f-e349c059b038 |
caboas | What massage therapists mean when they say I have “a lot of knots”? | A knot is a spot in your muscle where tension is "stuck" causing the muscle to be tense all the time which has a negative effect on the body an possibly cause pain. | b7a0a5d9-0f92-415a-ab16-e7fe753bb02e |
cabznj | Why does sleeping make you so dehydrated? | Because your metabolism still uses water while you're sleeping (as a termoregulator, for many cell functions and etc.), and spending eight hours without drinking it will make you dehydrated. | e8b9519f-65e6-4971-b84c-b3bfb3748a14 |
cac4la | How languages like Chinese, Japanese and Arabic, with their own writing systems can be written with the latin alphabet? Can latin languages and English be written in their systems? | We're just making a close approximation of the pronounced syllables. Even though the letters are different, the sounds are mostly the same, so we can just write what the sounds are. If everyone knows what the letters are supposed to represent in another language, and how to pronounce those letters, it becomes easy to romanize.
You absolutely could write out English in the same syllabic style of writing in most other languages. | 80ee0dc6-93cd-4075-8203-2731be3ad932 |
caccdz | How do animals that only eat meat or only eat specific types of plants get all their nutrients the way humans are recommended to get? | Specifically using cats as an example.
Cats are obligate carnivores, cats can only eat meat.
Cats can produce vitamin C in their bodies.
Humans can’t, humans need to eat vitamin C.
Humans are not cats. | fdbc06a0-1717-4c53-b322-b5682f8a14c9 |
cack0x | How did map makers know what the world looked like back in the year 0? Did they use special equipment or such? | Land surveyors. They went out and measured manually. Hundreds and hundreds of miles. Once you know the measurements you can scale them onto a map. Seems almost impossible, but a team working on it all day for many months or years could cover significant ground. | 4bfd39da-30d0-47b2-90cd-250957381ab0 |
cacqhv | How did the Vikings and other seafarers of yore manage to sail to specific locations (ports, beaches) when the compasses they had only indicated direction? | Most "seafarers of yore" overwhelmingly tried to keep within sight of a coastline whenever they could. In situations where this wasn't possible, they referred to the stars, ocean currents, and (when available) compasses. Vikings were pretty good at this, Polynesians were *great*.
It is hard to overstate just how important the invention of reliable timekeeping was to navigation. Once you know the math, you can reckon your latitude pretty easily from the sun and stars, but calculating longitude without time or landmarks is **really hard**.
Shortly before naval chronometers really took off, one competing plan was to set up beacon stations which set off fireworks, every hour, **across the entire ocean**. Fortunately (unfortunately?), this plan was never implemented. | e393d8b3-c567-48b9-81ca-f2a749a0af26 |
cacuep | Why do red wines almost always have corks, but white wines usually have caps? | The screw cap does not allow any oxygen in. This is an advantage on a lot of white wines.
Corks do allow some oxygen in. This can smooth out the tannins in red wine. If you were to use a screw cap, it could have a harsher taste. White wines are not as often aged. You tend to buy them, and drink them relativity quickly. A year or two would be fine. You normally would not intentionally age white wine for a decade. Red wines are often aged, and the taste can change through aging, and the cork is part of the reason why.
Then it also comes down to aesthetics and tradition. Image is important, and a cork is seen as more traditional, while a screw cap is easier to open, so that can influence the choice as well. If I was marketing a wine towards a younger audience, screw cap is best. If I'm marketing it towards a more traditional audience, a cork is best. | 5be10e4f-cda1-4d41-9d36-8f9d2f2ec687 |
cad092 | how does Westboro Baptist church work. | A lot of their money comes from lawsuits. A lot of their members are lawyers. They can say something offensive (protected under the first amendment), but if somebody attacks them, they will sue.
Then other members have jobs, and donate money to the church. | 370b45bc-42c2-4e77-8fa6-36fa87e24294 |
cad0ix | what are Migraines? | Its a severe, throbbing headache, usually in one side of the head. It also makes you feel nauseous or actually even vomit. It can last for a couple of hours or even days. Your senses kind of go in to overdrive. The light becomes really painful, even quiet sounds sound unbearably loud and certain smells can make you feel sick. Moving around makes it worse.
There are prescription drugs you can take that are helpful for some people. For me, the only way to deal with it is to go and lie down in a dark, silent room. If I do that as soon as I start to feel it, it usually goes away quickly. If, however, I am out at work and try to “push through it” it gets much worse and lasts much longer.
Some people also get auras with a migraine. I don’t get them and don’t know much about them so will leave that to someone else.
Nobody really is sure what causes it. There does seem to be a genetic link and women seem to get them more. Some women get them at certain points in their cycle so possibly hormonal.
People have different migraine triggers and finding these can be very helpful. For example, for me, champagne/sparkling wine gives me a migraine after one glass. So now I don’t drink any at all. You could look up common migraine triggers and keep a record to see.
One more thing, many people experience hangover-type symptoms after a migraine which isn’t at all fun either. | 9ab5060a-831a-4a82-af96-2ec8d986f31c |
cad13w | Why does data stop working while calling? | It depends on your carrier.
You are most likely using a CDMA carrier such as Sprint and this type of infrastructure does not support being on a call and using data at the same time.
CDMA is older technology and basically limits the amount of information that can be sent at any given time. In practice this means you can either be on a call or using data but not both.
On the GSM network such as AT & T you can in fact use data and calls at the same time as this is actually required for the way the technology works.
Essentially, it's because you're American and you use an older cheaper network which forces your phone to choose between data and calls.
Change your carrier and upgrade your phone to something that uses 4G and you'll be able to do both at the same time. | e23185d6-21f8-4364-a7a9-f6dd6d5967ce |
cadd25 | In Soccer, why do the US Women’s Team perform so much better than their Men’s team? | I overheard a pretty good theory in a bar the other day.
This guys answer to his friend was that there are so many more prominent sports for men. That means the best athletes and most money and effort go into things like American Football or basketball etc. while for women, football (soccer) is more of a first choice sport, so there are more players starting younger.
This was all in England so I don't know if it's a good answer but it sounded convincing!
Edit: spelling and grammar. | 9282b5c2-580f-4dd0-8790-3ebc344e32f0 |
cadd8y | Is there any scientific reason why the US's shuttle launches were about as far East as they can possibly manage on their home soil? | Yes. In order to get into orbit, you have to go really really fast horizontally so that the rate at which you fall matches the earth's curvature. Being in orbit is just falling, but missing the ground.
You as a person standing on the ground are already going really really fast in a west-to-east direction thanks to the earth's rotation. When you launch in a rocket, you carry this speed with you. This makes it easier to get into orbit if you go in a west-to-east direction. If you go east-to-west, you have to accelerate against the direction you are already going in. Since you have to launch over an ocean so your falling booster rockets don't land on people, it's better to launch on the east coast.
BONUS FACT: Since the Earth rotates faster closer to the equator, it's also easier to get into orbit by launching further south. Hence why rockets launch out of Florida, and not Maine. However, if you want to do an orbit north-to-south around the poles, you have to de-accelerate against the speed from the earth's rotation. This makes it best to launch as close to the poles as possible. This is why rocket launch facilities are currently being built in New Zealand, Nova Scotia, Alaska, South Africa and the Shetland Islands. | 1933eddc-5229-4ed6-9ae1-846039121d24 |
cadkrr | Why do passenger side mirrors in cars make objects seem farther away? What’s the need for it in the first place? | The mirrors are convex shaped, i.e. the middle part bows out. This gives you a larger angle that is reflected so you can see more in the mirror but distorts the size of things, making them smaller in the middle and stretched on the edges. This is similar to a fisheye lens on a camera but to a lesser degree. | 975ff882-1b90-4f80-a6b0-d79b4073802e |
cadni2 | Why do birds have courtship dances? | Most species have a method of proving that they are physically fit enough to reproduce. Some like Salmon do this by getting to a hard to reach spawning ground. Some like deer have males fight each other to prove who is stronger. And for many birds they have dances that prove they are healthy and in good control of their bodies. | 958ddb03-1304-41e7-8d54-ac218cfcfff7 |
cadrp8 | why isn’t it possible to keep Great White Sharks healthy and alive, as all attempts cause the sharks to die rather quickly in a contained environment? | A factor I'm not seeing anyone else mention: great white sharks don't really understand walls. The Monterey Bay Aquarium holds the record for keeping a great white captive the longest, but they no longer consider it ethical because the shark will beat itself up pretty bad running into the enclosure walls. These sharks expect to have a huge territory, and to be able to swim in any direction basically forever. As they get larger, this gets worse, and eventually they'll die from blunt trauma. | d88ae0da-8086-4e5d-a75c-300ee7730bfc |
cadtzh | How can a multi-level marketing company not be considered a pyramid scheme? | Listen to the podcast The Dream. It’s an MLM exposé and very well done. The reason MLMs aren’t considered pyramid schemes is that they’re very dedicated to lobbying politicians and running Chambers of Commerce to keep them from being categorized as such. That’s it. The co-founders of Amway (the Devoses, as in Betsy DeVos, and the Van Andels) run the US Chamber of Commerce. They use this power to keep the laws favorable to them. | a5c163ed-52fe-4121-9864-9b7a7ef36308 |
cadzwb | Why does the price point of a digital camera increase drastically with larger sensor sizes (4:3, full frame, medium format), when it seems like you would need fewer photoreceptors per square inch, and would otherwise be much easier to fit the image technology over a larger space? | In semiconductor manufacturing you don't really pay for complexity up to a point. Once you've picked a manufacturing technology cost scales most strongly with area, not number of parts you fit in that space. A 1mm x 1mm device costs way less than a 2mm x 2mm device with the same design even though the second device is 1/4 the density.
The only way going bigger saves money is if you switch to an entirely different manufacturing technology that is dramatically cheaper. But then you have to re-design your device from scratch so it's definitely not a free bit of savings. | 75ee3c3d-fe20-4861-9133-76340ff587ca |
cae1p3 | Why do most crustaceans / seafood turn from a grayish color to a red / orange color when heat is applied? | Lobsters and crabs, etc. have a compound called astaxanthin in their shells. This compound is bright red, but it is usually stuck to another compound called crustacyanin that prevents its red color from showing. When the lobster is boiled, the astaxanthin gets separated from the crustacyanin, and it appears bright red since it is no longer stuck to the other chemical. | 80e9635e-b74e-4c39-a7f6-650e9870b6ba |
cae426 | Why does ink dry on a paper but not on a pen's tip? | It 'does' dry on the tip. However the tip in a ball point pin, is a ball. Only the exposed area of the very tip will dry, while the rest is technically sealed off until it rolls against the paper. Google ball point pen under microscope and you'll see what I mean. | dec39a74-67e6-4b1f-8258-a517e4cbfaaf |
caedbd | Why the heck do I look ok in some mirrors but downright ugly in others? | A mirror doesn't give you a perfect image of what you look like.
One part of that is that a household typical mirror isn't going to be perfectly flat and so it will slightly distort your shape, making you either smaller or bigger than you are.
Another part of it is, that mirrors show you as if you stood at the same distance behind the mirror, making you always slightly smaller than you actually are.
Lastly, the transparency and absorption of the mirror influences the brightness and color of the image (i.e. in that case your mirror image). A mirror won't evenly reflect all parts of the light, but decrease (it's always a decrease) some more than others, so you might look paler in one mirror than another.
In addition the lighting conditions are going to be different in different places (or during day you'll have sunlight and in the evening use artificial light), so different wavelengths will be present, making you and everyone else look different. Think how a piece of clothing might look one colour in the store but a somewhat different one when wearing it outside. | 2af45f08-1f17-4e22-94ee-767f3af27e15 |
caedgg | Why do so many historical paintings depict nudity in women and children, but not men? | Because most of the painters were men, and homosexuality used to be a big taboo. You'll notice that in societies were it was less of a taboo (Greece and Rome), you end up with a lot more statues and paintings of naked men around. When Christianity came around, people became suspicious of the morality of a man who would paint another man naked, so the painters stopped doing it. | d7f0bd44-f957-454b-91fd-ad238ae67af1 |
caehsb | How does ping, lags, and so on works in online gaming? | Ping = the speed at which a packet of data is sent between one computer and another (or a server). The lower the ping, the faster the data is going back and forth between the two computers. The higher the ping, the slower the data is going back and forth. So if you live in Los Angeles and you're connecting to a server in San Fransisco, you will almost certainly have a much better (lower) ping than if you were to connect to a server in Belgium.
"Lag" can be a couple things. There's network lag, where your latency (ping) is high - the data is traveling slow between you and the server. That means your computer and the server are having a hard time communicating - you are entering the command to move forward but the server is still asking your computer what you're trying to do. This results in what's called "rubberbanding", where your character slides around, sometimes through walls, snaps back to where you were, etc.
Then there's "graphical lag" which is really just lower framerates. It doesn't have to do with the network necessarily, it's just that your computer's struggling to keep up with the game so the video slows down. | 5837a925-7fb0-4be3-844c-0591cecd3e0a |
caelsz | How do blood pressure machines work? | With no pressure applied there is nothing to push against so no noise is heard. Like high fiving the air. As soon as a sound is audible that means you have matched a certain blood pressure. Continue to increase the pressure and eventually the sound ceases as it has been choked off. This pressure is the top number. Blood pressure is thus the pressure to start hearing your blood pump and when you stop hearing it pump.
The process of taking a blood pressure does this in reverse. You pump the cuff to a higher pressure than the persons blood pressure, choking it off (inaudible), then you release it until you hear the pumping, top number, and continue releasing until the last audible pump is heard, bottom number.
The machine would monitor for these audible pumps as a person would. | 84275001-c135-40e8-a317-d53cbf4775b6 |
caev2h | How can documentary shows like "Dope" on Netflix get away with filming crimes in progress without having to report or give information to the police? | You're not required to report crimes to police. There are only a select few jobs that require reporting select crimes. Like teachers are usually required to report suspicion of abuse. Other than stuff like that, you don't *have* to tell the police anything. | da064a09-4053-42b7-9a29-47c6c259a822 |
caf0mk | how does an air conditioner work? | i can put it in lay terms. ur fridge has a gas container and this gas get really cold when it gets out of the container, so we runnit through tubes which freeze and we blow air around the frozen tubes which cools the fridge. then when the gas comes out the other side of the tubes a compressor pumps it back into its original container so it can be re released again and again and again. | 5eeb7cf4-70a3-43d7-af35-f7d12c080fdf |
caff10 | salt. Can we get a salt expert in here to talk about the difference in quality, nutrients, expense, taste differences in mined salt, sea salt, Himalayan, and other salts. I do understand that possibly 98% of this is marketing, NaCl is NaCl. | All salt is "Sea Salt". If you refine it from ocean water, it's sea salt. If you mine it, it's from sea that dried up a very long time away. Himalayan Sea Salt, is from sea that dried up quite a while ago near the Himalayas.
Different colors are the result of different minerals mixed in with the sodium and chlorine. Those variances can offer some slight differences in flavor, but unless salt is the star of the dish, and you've got one hell of a pallet, you're not going to taste a difference. | 5ad50abb-cb73-48d6-a9af-c582a72ebcde |
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