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cazzj5 | why is abdominal fat first to deposit and last to melt? What determines where the fat goes? | I read somewhere that besides keeping your internal organs cozy, fat in the abdomen and buttocks/thighs is situated so that it least affects your moment of inertia, because it is as close as possible to your center of mass. This allows you to stay relatively nimble when compared to storing fat further away, say in the arms and lower legs. Imagine running around swinging fat deposits on your wrists and ankles to get an idea of what I am saying. The body has evolved to store fat near your waist first. | 1eb27ed1-3b6d-4a15-bbda-35a043d9d0e0 |
cb00h2 | In cricket, why do the bowlers run-up before actually bowling? | In a nutshell it has to do with effort, momentum, stamina and accuracy.
The batsman at international level have brilliant reactions and eyes for the ball, meaning if you bowling the ball at 100km/ph with no movement then they are going to find it very easy to hit you for boundaries.
So now you have two choices. You could start applying spin on he ball, which is easier if the ball is traveling slower because it can move more. Or you could increase the speed at which you bowl in order to make it more difficult for the batsmen.
As an example, stand 10m away from a wall and bowl at the wall with no run up. Listen to the sound it makes when it hit the wall or just see how fast it is. Then take a 10m run up and then bowl against the wall. Note how you’ve bowled it much faster. You can even do the same action with a run up and less effort, it will still likely go faster than with no run up.
Basically, a longer run up means you can bowl faster. However you don’t want it to be too long because then you will be wasting unnecessary energy. This is where stamina comes in.
Cricket can at times be a long sport. In a 50 over game a bowler is allowed to bowl 10 overs, with each over 6 balls. That means a bowler can bowl at 60 balls in a game, or even more should he bowl no balls, wides. Imagine the success rate of a bowler who bowls all of those deliveries at the same slow speed with no variation. But increasing the speed at which you bowl or the variation, your success rate becomes much higher.
Hope this helps, feel free to ask more questions :) | 8ccd06c0-d0b7-42b0-a9c5-032e7166bd25 |
cb0cnz | Why do the doctors draw blood first then reinject it again into the patient in this video? | This is called Platelet Rich Plasma injection. The blood contains little cells called platelets that help the body repair itself. What is happening here is the doctor is saying, “This part of the body needs more platelets so it can heal faster.”
They take several blood samples from the patient and concentrate the platelets. The blood they re-inject has far more platelets than regular blood. The idea is that more platelets equals more healing, so they re-inject the concentrated platelets directly into the injured part of the body. | a7c10050-fb2f-41e0-b2c5-fe7bc3f0a9d4 |
cb0n17 | At what point do weapons become graded as nuclear? | Most missiles release their destructive energy from explosives, which is chemically stored energy. Then there are some that rely mainly on the energy of impact, these are called kinetic weapons. Any weapon that releases its destructive force via nuclear fission would be called "nuclear" regardless of how much energy that is. It's about the source of energy more than anything else. | 65fee8dd-41c0-4c30-8d2d-93689dfa2c4e |
cb0u72 | Why do eyes sting or burn when we're tired? | When I'm tired, I start to forget to blink. I assume this is the reason for other people, too. | 0e53f8c6-52da-4215-9c5e-6e68e7442568 |
cb0wp3 | what made the modern Space Shuttle program so dangerous? | The main reason the STS was scrapped wasn't actually risk, it was cost.
The Space Shuttle was supposed to revolutionise the cost of space travel by being almost fully reusable, but in the end that didn't work out. The boosters splashed down, which meant due to salt water contact they needed to be so extensively refurbished it would've been effectively cheaper to just let them crash and use new ones for each mission. In addition, especially after the columbia disaster, the shuttle itself also went through extensive refurbishment, with every single one of it's more than 20.000 silica heat tiles being expected and potentially replaced.
In the end, the STS shuttle was a financial Black hole, bringing none of the cost reduction it promised. | c48d10e2-687c-459b-b720-98aaddf8e32d |
cb17eq | What decides the value of a currency? | It is just free market. Say there are 2 currencies only: the US Dollar and the Euro. If one of those countries, say the USA, exports more to Europe than the other way around, then Europeans have to pay for that surplus in Dollars. They have to buy these on the (free) currency market. But extra demand means a higher price, so the Dollar will increase in value, so if Europeans paid 80 eurocents for one dollar yesterday, they must, in this situation, pay 82 eurocents tomorrow.
& #x200B;
The effect will be that imports into the EU will decline (and European) exports to the USA will rise (because European goods are cheaper for Americans) and this will continue until there is no net difference between imports and exports anymore. At least this is the basis of the theory... | 5a5330ea-dd2e-4214-9f6a-ac7a68b04ba7 |
cb190e | When the CIA or Military release declassified documents they often redact names for the persons safety so why isn’t the same done to witnesses who take the stand during trial? | Because the witness's identity is relevant to the evaluation of their testimony, and a trial is about finding facts definitively enough to assess guilt publicly. There's a constitutional right to confront witnesses against you at trial - cross-examine them and challenge their testimony. If their identities were kept secret, that would be impossible. | 9481640a-1f9c-4238-b3af-45aef0b99b72 |
cb1kx1 | what is the psychological explanation on why people ghost each other? | I'm guessing a ghosting after 2 years is extremely rare. Ghosting after only a few text messages, or after a first date, much more common. It might seem like a weird strategy if you are extroverted, but if you are more introverted, it can sound like the perfect strategy to end a relationship that may still be in the early stages.
You don't need a degree in Psychology to guess why. It's easier than the alternative. Why deal with the drama and stress of having to tell someone you don't want to see them again, when you could simply just stop talking to them. Not only is it easier, you can do it with little to no penalty to your reputation. If you ghost someone early in a relationship, they might not know much about you other than your name and face. Unless you live in a small town, it's likely you will never see them again. And if you've only been talking to them over messages or online, they might not even know your name or face, just your username.
This is all especially true if the person you're ghosting is a little scary or weird. Say you have a first date, and after meeting the person face to face, you don't feel comfortable being with them for whatever reason, so you just suck it up during the date to get through it and go home. After that, the last thing you wanna do is talk to them again.
And again, those things are even more true if you are more introverted. Social situations, especially dates, meeting new people, and having to deal with social drama and emotional stress can be anywhere from uncomfortable to downright scary for an introvert. | ce6a0e34-b2d7-417e-be31-3a235361fbeb |
cb1sye | How do the federal banks of a country determine whether to increase or decrease interest rates? Like whats the relationship between interest rates and a country's economy? | Low interest rates make loans easier and stimulate investment.
High interest rates make loans more difficult and discourage investment.
Central banks use interest rates as a tool to try to increase economic growth or decrease it. Usually what they do is they watch the economy and they lower interest rates when unemployment is the most serious concern. When inflation is the largest concern, they will raise interest rates to try to keep prices in check. They try to make all changes slowly and they try to telegraph every move so that nobody is surprised or shocked. | 8a7ab4bd-f139-4e8a-b30d-44ee9dd39474 |
cb1tcq | Why can cows and other animals constantly produce milk but humans cannot? | All female mammals only produce milk after being pregnant. If you're thinking of dairy cows, they "constantly" produce milk because they are constantly being inseminated, going through pregnancy, giving birth, then having their babies taken away (and killed if male), and being artificially milked for human consumption. Then the cycle repeats until they aren't seen as being productive anymore, then they're killed. The same thing *could* be done to human women, but it would break a whole bunch of different laws (plus, you know, ethics) .... | 17ada534-e2ba-4459-afd5-56eb81eeb6d4 |
cb2ha5 | Why do plants not grow on hiking trails (the path)? | The constant foot traffic compacts the soil and smashes any sprouting plants that might try to pop up, thus it is very difficult for plants to grow on the path. Furthermore, many trails are actively maintained, so in the event that a trail does start to become grown over, there are teams that will go through and clear the path. | c50afdeb-63ec-4e7b-81e1-9a550e14a833 |
cb2nd4 | How does the moon always face the same direction even as it orbits the earth? | The moon is tidally locked with the Earth. This is because the moon, in the past, rotated on its axis faster but was so close to Earth that the tidal forces caused the moon to stretch and squeeze as it spun. This heated the moon, causing its energy to radiate as infrared light into space, but it also slowed down the moon's rotation. Eventually, the moon's rotation on its axis slowed to the point where one moon-day was exactly equal to one lunar orbit (a lunar month for those on earth). At this point, the tidal forces stopped and the moon's days stopped slowing down.
Now, because one moon day always equals one orbit, the moon spins around itself at exactly the same rate as it spins around us, thereby limiting us to seeing only one side. | d03ebb57-3886-4782-ac6c-9a1b2d1eabae |
cb2qsm | why is it impossible to go back to automatic breathing without essentially just forgetting to breath | When you are 'thinking about breathing' and trying to go back to breathing automatically, you can't just 'stop thinking about breathing'. 'Not thinking about something' isn't really something people can do, outside of meditation perhaps.
Instead, you end up 'thinking about not thinking'. You're basically repeating "don't think about breathing" over and over again, and end up consciously not breathing while waiting for your 'automatic' breathing to kick in.
Instead, distract yourself. Think about something completely unrelated to your breathing, and you'll be back to breathing automatically. | ab8bd3b7-a7f2-495d-88d2-5ec397696570 |
cb2qtp | Why is flushing the toilet bad for the environment? | Each flush uses about 2.5 gallons or more which then goes back to a water treatment plant to be treated. Less flushing less retreating of the clean parts. Less waste. At least i think thats a good reason.
I was with out a water pump for a year so flushed the old fashioned way hence the 2.5 gallon knowledge. | c354b6e1-9677-4aae-935c-b59f4d564839 |
cb2sdk | why so many youtube commenters have this as their profile picture | "Oh yeah yeah. Oh yeah yeah. Oh yeah yeah. Oh yeah yeah yea yea. I'm in the litty comitte. You're in the titty comitte. Oh yeah yeah. "
It's the profile pic of a youtuber who made an song named Oh yeah yeah. | 0d99e7e5-b10c-4236-82b7-791a5b57ffce |
cb2ycb | Why does impact onto water become increasingly deadly when hit from similarly extreme heights? | When you stand still and wave your hand around you barely feel the air resistance, right? But if you stick your hand out the window when driving down the highway the air pushes on your hand fairly hard.
So, rather than thinking of it as air pushing your hand, think of your hand having to push all that air out of the way as it travels. The faster your hand moves, the more air it has to push in a given time. The "push-back" is stronger the faster you are moving.
When you are falling, gravity wants you to go faster and the "push-back" is trying to slow you down. Water is heavier and "pushes-back" much harder than air. At a low speed - like when you fall from a small height - the water does not push back so hard, and you slow down over time. When you fall from a high place, you are moving much faster when you hit the water. Since the speed is high, the "push-back" is very strong and you slow down very rapidly and the sudden stop basically splatters you. | b4afe20a-f931-427e-a1d8-97ae74813a57 |
cb2yok | Why is it that in some places sea water is crystal clear but elsewhere seeing through it is a harder task? | Turbidity of the water, salinity of the water, mineral content of the water, microorganism content of the water, distance to the bottom, composition of the bottom, to name a few reasons | 515bc20c-0c0f-48ec-86cb-32e838267467 |
cb2yuw | - why can cancer come back several times in the same person after they've been in remission? | In remission does not mean that the cancer has gone, it may've shrunk, or stopped progressing, or even apparently disappeared. But it's still there and has returned. | cc624595-f248-45c4-9cd9-102af6938680 |
cb39m8 | Why do stones thrown at sufficient speed and low angle bounce off the water surface a few times before sinking? | When a stone hits the water it has to push water out of the way to make a splash, but the water pushes back. At a shallow enough angle the rock isn't able to push enough water out of the way and the water pushing back stops it's decent. Because the rock is has so mush forward momentum it jumps off the little bump of water it forms in front of it. This is why flat rocks skip better. They have more surface area hitting the water so the water can push back with more force. The spin you impart to the rock keeps it from tumbling, which would cause it to dig in and loose that forward speed quickly. | 9898a6f2-5f14-4640-add3-9edfd9244f9b |
cb3bm8 | How do they know when an endangered animal has become extinct? Or accurately tell how many are left? How do they know for sure there aren't more somewhere? | They don't, sometimes species thought to be extinct are discovered. But they judge based on not finding any for a long time. Although if the species is only found in a limited are or is large they can tell more easily. | 835df373-37ab-47cc-8123-c2ad164bb0b2 |
cb3d3d | The new iPhones and other flagship phones have 2 cameras to create a bokeh effect. Why do they need 2 cameras while real cameras can do the same effect with only one? | Because the bokeh created by an iPhone is fake, it takes two pictures and combine them by software. Cameras in phones are too small to reproduce depth like a DSLR, so they emulate this effect by using two focal points, one for the focused target and another for the background. | 880c0474-76fa-4e53-ad67-601331bdad71 |
cb3d6a | Why do some hot liquids (like tomato soup, chai tea) while cooling form a skin like layer on the exposed surface while others (like lemon tea) don't? | The creamy layer you see on top is layer of fats being separated from mostly milk based products while it cools down. | 4504d8db-5c76-4e9e-90e1-b088a38cc62a |
cb3lt8 | Biofeedback Coherence / HeartMath. I was given a device to "help" with my anxiety and depression and I am skeptical that it does anything meaningful. How does it work and How does it produce long-term results beyond simple breathing / meditation techniques? | [It is garbage.](_URL_0_) The field of psychiatry is still emerging and there is a huge amount we don't know about how the brain works. However the use of meditation as a calming influence (practicing focus and being calm on demand) is mixed up with spiritual woo (access a higher level of consciousness and channel your "healing energy"). Sorting effective techniques from quasi-religious bullshit is tough.
So yes, your skepticism is warranted. I would suggest looking into better medical services rather than pseudoscience if that is an option for you. | 3545a659-4254-44ff-a0eb-775a461977a5 |
cb3oac | What are the US police and district attorneys roles in charging someone with a crime? Who is responsible for all of the different parts of the process? | In the criminal justice system, the people are represented by two separate yet equally important groups: the police who investigate crime, and the district attorneys who prosecute the offenders. These are their stories. DUN DUN! | d1bd0af3-c471-40d3-8ae0-1f4502714631 |
cb4aes | Why bats come out only at night? | Lots of animals are nocturnal, but bats do most of their eating at evening because their food is out at night (notice how mosquitos come out around dusk) and predators that might eat bats are sleeping. Their form of "vision" (echolocation) gives them an advantage at night as well, so...being nocturnal plays up that advantage. | 4f003ae4-115e-41af-badc-ff25077c58a5 |
cb4mlx | How is it that we can sometimes zone out and seem to go on "autopilot" while driving without crashing? | We're actually on autopilot most of the time. Our brains filter out so much information on a moment-by-moment basis, it's actually kind of unbelievable. You're now breathing manually. It takes fairly little energy to respond to visual stimuli, and our bodies are so used to the act of driving that it becomes an effortless thing, almost an extension of our own bodies in a sense. You can now feel your toes. Once you get super familiar with something, you can zone out and let your body do most of the heavy lifting so to speak.
Don't worry. If anything out of the norm happens, your brain will kick you right back into gear and you'll focus back up. It's just our way of conserving energy and brain power. | 80027314-3bfb-4e2c-902c-e4cf87b82253 |
cb4nl0 | - What is with the seemingly arbitrary scoring in tennis? Why does it go 15,30,40, Advantage. Why isn’t it all in increments of 15? | The unsatisfying answer is that we don't know. Tennis has been around for so long the explanations of the scoring system are pretty much lost to time. There are various speculations, but they are just that: guesses. | 8972b1af-2771-4c56-8ffe-d2b51099de8a |
cb4oot | Why does your eyesight deteriorate at different levels? How is it that you need higher grade lenses or have a higher level of astigmatism for one eye when you don't normally use it more than the other? | Your issue here seems to be that you think nearsightedness/farsightedness naturally come from age. What happens often is that many people's eyes tend to grow either too long or too short, which leads to near/farsightedness. This is not deterioration per sé; it is more like deformity. Your body simply grows the wrong way. The same goes for astigmatism and such. It is not caused by wear and tear. |||| Now, your eyes certainly *can* deteriorate. One example of this is that they become less able to focus in general; this means you get the worst of both near and farsightedness, and this is why bifocals exist. Another form of deterioration is cataracts, where the lenses of your eyes blur. The former comes from muscular strain, and the latter often comes from lens damage in your eye. These are often symmetrical and impact both eyes, as they *do* come from wear and tear. They are, however, usually not perfectly symmetrical as there is still plenty of randomness involved. | 00c8b2ce-0429-449e-86d7-afef76f8162a |
cb4rgw | Why is it that when filming an object going really fast, we don't have to move the camera at the same speed that the object is traveling at a distance? | This is due to an effect called "parallax".
Imagine you're looking out of a moving train window and you see mountains in the distance and trees close to the tracks. The trees are moving out of your vision faster than you can focus on them but the mountains are "moving" super slowly in your vision so you can easily focus on individual peaks for long periods of time without losing your focus.
Its the exact same thing if it was the mountain and not you that was moving as it's just based on relative speeds and distances.
Something far away takes up much less of your vision and appears with respect to you to be moving more slowly than objects closer to you.
& #x200B;
This is how people can film fast-moving objects without snapping their necks as the further away you get the slower the object appears in comparison to you. | b2dc4db3-bf64-4644-8f6b-c3346c74350d |
cb4rw2 | How does chemical dependency work? | You put drugs in your body which will affect the brain in some way and your brain always wants to go to homeostasis.
For example I was addicted to Kratom. My brain got used to the kratom coming and attaching to the opioid receptors as an agonist (correct if wrong) so the brain doesn't release as many chemicals to go to those receptors.
This is where you feel shit because when nothing comes then well it throws everything off and makes you feel fucking awful.
It's similar concept but with other drugs say alcohol. You drink a lot and alcohol gets made to GABA which makes you relax and such. If you constantly drink your brain has loads of GABA going around so it reduces its own GABA output.
You stop drinking and you feel anxious and on edge because now you have a deficit of GABA.
Sorry if I didn't explain well my first ELI5 | a007ff2b-2b0c-41a6-933c-cfeda97badbd |
cb4tui | How do we come up with names for generations, and what do we do after "Gen Z"? | Sociologists or marketers will come up with a jargon term to use when describing certain groups of people. Those words somehow leak out into the rest of us, and we either adopt them or not. There doesn't seem to be any rhyme or reason to whether or not the majority of people will pick up on it or if it will get lost. No one can say what comes after Gen Z/millennial, but it's probably going to be either Post Millennial, the Internet Generation, or named after some super hip trend. | 8e0b2b2f-ce7a-43db-bf98-29613d903399 |
cb55y2 | Why does being under a blanket feel so much ‘cosier’ than just wearing warmer clothes? | Being wrapped up in a warm cover is comforting and brings back subconscious memories of when you were a baby and your parents swaddled and held you. It may go back even further and remind you of being in the womb, especially if you're curled up and wrapped up tight. | 27b1fe99-9c2c-461d-bd68-0cfe20a36d82 |
cb5alh | when one defecates so sharply, it wounds the anus, and causes it to bleed: how does the anus not get a severe infection from the feces? | Is this a thing that happens? I've never had that happen.
& #x200B;
Please tell me this is not a thing. | 081ac54b-7630-4caa-84f3-59ca926535e4 |
cb5fq9 | how eating charcoal / charcoal skin care is healthy | I'm going to go out on a limb here, and say this is just another fad.
_Activated_ charcoal (and I admit I don't know how it is activated) is known as a filter - Britta filters, for instance, are charcoal. It is also used medicinally to absorb toxins if you've eaten something poisonous; I might accept it absorbs some excessive oils in skincare.
As a random additive to whatever feelgood dieet, though? Useless, just like all the other fads. | a9bc7b0b-f96b-447d-844f-906baac9429e |
cb5n07 | How does the water in a fire truck affect its momentum while driving, if at all? | There are baffles in the water tanks to keep it from sloshing to much, car gas tanks and tanker trucks are the same way | 7fa66bfa-92b0-4303-90d5-77df4d6ec78f |
cb5r6w | How are paintings proven real or fake? | Basically, you hire experts who study art very carefully, and they examine the painting, the types of paints used, the patterns of the strokes, the age of the wood in the frame, what sort of canvas was used, and compare them to confirmed genuine paintings. Doing that can usually reveal when a painting is actually done by the artist in general, or if it's a later painting done in their style. | 0d18eb9e-7a30-40c0-bde2-1f26f4c34009 |
cb5uor | How the hell did so many natives die from unfamiliar eastern viruses, but conquistadors didn’t all die from unfamiliar western ones? | Europe was MUCH more crowded and had much more of a transportation network set up. So there was massive amounts of commerce going into and out of every European port. Sailors carried all the diseases and therefore everyone pretty much had the same immunity all over Europe.
In North America the Indians were kinda loners and didn't have much interaction outside of their tribes, so there wasn't that much opportunity to build up resistance to diseases.
And syphilis was one disease that traveled from the New World to the Old World. | 9cf52fd6-97fc-4316-9ac9-34b90c96ae47 |
cb5xk0 | I know there are multiple roles to build a building, design and construction. What are the processes to get a building built? | Construction contractor here. Essentially, a client or 'Owner' wants something built. They'll hire an architect to design the building. Once the design is complete it will typically go out to bid (either open bid or for a select few contractors). The contractors review the designs and will start getting price proposals from subcontractors (companies who specialize in different construction trades). Once all the prices from the subcontractors come back, the contractor will put together a GMP (Guaranteed Max Price) and submit it to the Owner.
Once the Owner receives all the proposals and selects a contractor, everything kicks into high gear. The Owner and the contractor will create an agreement and sign a contract, typically called an Owner Contract or Prime Contract. The contractor will then begin writing subcontracts to the subcontractors (the guys who will be doing the work).
Now to answer your question, the schedule of buildings can vary drastically from each other depending on the design. Typically we'll have the earthwork guys out first to compact the site and make sure the elevations are all correct. Then all of the underground utility and foundation work starts. After that we'll install a concrete slab for the footprint of the building and everything else gets built on top of that. All of this is done with careful coordination and scheduling of different companies.
TLDR: The contractor hires all the workers and calls them to the site as needed based on the schedule. Earthwork > utilities > concrete > framing > etc. | 97d02453-2789-408b-a5b8-e638b3107e2e |
cb62kd | Why is that 10 coin tosses are not reliably 50% heads and 50% tails, but million coin tosses are? | Bc sample size. The larger a collection of data, the more reliable it becomes. Anomalies like 6 heads in a row distorts data with 10 flips than over a period of 1 million. | da99712f-3a5c-46e5-92e7-165840b189a5 |
cb6eg8 | - How does pushing air through an instrument make a note? And specifically for brass, why does buzzing work but not regular air flow? | to make a sound you need vibrations for example, when you talk, it is your vocal cords that are vibrating. For a woodwind instrument, like clarinets and saxophones, it is easy to see that a reed is vibrating when you blow through it, making the sound. For brass, you have to vibrate your lips to have that sound travel through the horn. the different pitches comes from different tube length controlled by the valves. | 679aebff-811d-4f2f-be5a-403b60cc6c02 |
cb6lkd | What's the point in giving someone more than one life sentence when they're going to jail? | Because if for example, evidence came out that exonerated him on one or several of the crimes he was convicted of and those sentences were wiped away, he'd still have life in prison. | db7487f4-aacc-47ac-a15e-46eafc7001f8 |
cb6vpb | Is Sqrt Sin x = y creat cycloids? If so why does this equation create cycloids? | It doesn’t. The actual equation for a cycloid is a lot more complicated in rectangular coordinated (y and x). For one, there is no closed form expression for y in terms of x. The best you can do is solve for x in terms of y: x = arccos(1-y)-sqrt(y(2-y)).
The reason for this is because we derive the equation of a cycloid in a different coordinate system (polar coordinates) which are much simpler in certain circumstances. | f6138b5c-e778-4aab-a7f4-4f31ccf34ddd |
cb78z3 | Why do some countries use second-level domain country codes (._URL_1_ or ._URL_0_) and others do not? | TLDR: The DNS is a total mess where none of the established rules really matter.
Back in the days when DNS was brand new some nations decided that it would be a good idea to use second-level domains to have their own versions of .com, .net, and .org
._URL_1_ is supposed to mean a commercial business in the UK
While other countries like Canada adopted second level domains to refer the provinces
._URL_0_ New Brunswick . Canada
This implementation was up to the various nations, and since it was a new technology they just kinda ran with it.
However in the real world people soon abandoned these standards because they weren't enforced. Web developers and companies used different top-level domains as marketing gimmicks instead of what they actually stood for.
Canada for instance rarely uses the provincial domains anymore. While companies are using Domains belonging to the island chain of Tuvalu .tv and claiming it means television when it doesn't.
While other companies bought up every of .org, .net, and .com domains that were even remotely close to their company name just to prevent other companies from using them.
Knowing this kind of thing drives my OCD mad. | 89cb0db9-3ee0-4ffd-a487-69182a9c24de |
cb7bb2 | How do fish swallow other fish whole and not get cut up from the inside by their sharp fins? | Evolution over millions of years (hundreds of millions in the case of fish - sharks have been on the planet longer than trees).
If fish that ate other fish had their stomachs lacerated and died, then they did not move on to breed and birth the next generation. Fish that had stomachs that could hold up to daily eating of existing prey fish with defensive mechanisms ended up living and spawning the next generation of predator fish.
As much as this drives evolution in the predator, it also drives evolution in the prey - prey fish with successful defensive mechanisms go on to spawn the next generation of prey fish with even more successful defensive mechanisms.
Evolution is a process. But it's neverending either - everything is constantly under the pressure of survival and adaptation. The present is nothing more than a snapshot from the movie that is showing the change from the past to the future. | e4eb18f0-05f1-426f-abe6-f37c3dfa4c9e |
cb7mbk | Why is it cheaper to produce white flour products over whole grain? | It costs less to process the flour than it does to store/transport unprocessed flour. The germ & bran (the parts they get rid of) have oils that speed up the spoiling process | 4465d471-d366-4a81-91ce-b314e0658d5f |
cb7u48 | Why do fans of eastern media (kpop, anime, etc) use dysphemistic labels (Stans, Otaku, etc) to identify themselves? | Not sure about stans, since I've never seen anyone call themselves that.
With Otaku, most western people have probably only had exposure to that word through the anime they watch. The anime I've seen don't really make it seem like a terrible thing to be called. It seems more like a word used to tease people, rather than actually offend anyone. It seems the same as calling someone a comic book/video game nerd. That used to be derogatory, but now people are proud of being into nerd/geek stuff, so it doesn't hold the same meaning. Until I read this post and Googled it, I wasn't aware otaku was used in a serious derogatory way. | 4c902a70-5dfd-4aa1-96b7-82e4d6468163 |
cb89tq | How does my smart tv automatically know what device is running into the HDMI port? | HDMI is capable of sending a lot more information than just the images. There are separate control channels that can exchange other kinds of data too. If the devices on both ends are "smart" enough, they can identify themselves to each other (as yours apparently did). | d60468f4-1cc1-4c6e-9f88-b93a1e4ad12d |
cb8l32 | Why is it easy to cross your eyes, but impossible to point your eyes in opposite directions? | Crossing your eyes has a purpose. When you look at something very close, you must cross your eyes to see it with both eyes.
We didn’t evolve with a purpose for having our eyes diverge, therefore the coordination is not there.
But it would be pretty cool if we could not only do it, but make use of it for peripheral vision. | 1ee13705-500a-4c05-8f5f-834df9dd94a6 |
cb8mdj | Battery capacities and charging capabilities | The macbook's battery is almost certainly a few cells in series to create a higher pack voltage, such as 11.1volts. 11.1V 8500mah is close to 27000mah at 3.7v, assuming nearly perfect conversion/charging efficiency (a really unrealistic assumption, but who cares) | 3287fddb-d8e4-4783-a9ea-6909ca89ec32 |
cb8qm1 | How to doctors keep your heart beating during bypass surgery? | They don't, they use a machine to circulate your blood while your heart is being operated on. | f9ab7a13-d2cf-454a-8e84-2105f9d8ca31 |
cb92av | How is possible to dive over 700ft when the pressure in the 8 foot deep end of the swimming pool can be painful? | The human body is actually pretty unfazed by pressure due to how many air spaces we have in our bodies and especially in our heads. With all that empty space it’s quite easy to achieve equilibrium with the surrounding (ambient) pressure. Note that here I am speaking only of pressure *itself*...NOT pressure’s effects on how your body absorbs gases (which is why diving to 700 feet is absurdly dangerous.) But that’s a whole ‘notha topic.
Your ears hurt from the pressure at the bottom of the pool because you haven’t equalized the pressure in your inner ears. If you did- the discomfort would stop immediately. Note that if you’re wearing normal goggles you won’t be able to do this since they don’t enclose the nose.
Within your head, you have 2 big air spaces: your inner ears and your sinuses. When scuba divers descend, they deliberately equalize the pressure in the inner ears. There are a few ways to do this and it’s not difficult or painful. The sinuses just kind of balance out on their own and don’t need any specific effort. What this does is balance the pressure in the inner ears with the ambient pressure. You don’t need to do it continuously: if I’m diving to 100 feet, I might do it 5-6 times while descending, and then I’m fine the rest of the dive.
If for whatever reason a diver can’t equalize while descending- which happens sometimes- they should *not* continue the dive. Divers also need to take their time to descend slowly. These two situations entail risk of significant inner ear injury. I once didn’t want to miss a dive due to congestion so I took some medicine before diving. The decongestant medicine wore off during the dive trip and as a result the pressure forced mucus deep into my Eustachian tubes and left me deaf in one ear for a couple of days (very stupid on my part.) So pressure does involve some risk if a diver is not careful.
Source: frequent diver and PADI Divemaster | f3488135-c382-4025-b7e0-647eb558ac29 |
cb93pq | Why/how are humans able to „feel“ that something is off or about to happen? How do these instincts work? | It's called thin slicing! Your brain is constantly subconsciously taking in data from all around you. It takes that data and compares it to past experiences in order to decide what to do. When you get that feeling that something's off, it's because there's some cue your brain is picking up on that you might not be fully aware of yet, but your brain's noticed it and is letting you know to be alert.
The downside of this is that because our brains develop associations based on different experiences, we can start to associate something harmless with danger, or something dangerous with a feeling of safety. Just because you have a "gut feeling" doesn't mean it's accurate. We have to be aware of our prejudices and past experiences so we can figure out why we're feeling the way we are and not just accept it at face value. | 0b41876d-5e3d-4d8a-873f-b19d58071d84 |
cb97hl | Why is it that whenever juice solidifies into ice and melts back into juice the "fruity flavor" becomes more watery? | I know this one!
When juice melts, it doesn’t all melt at once. In general the sugary compounds melt first, and the water melts later. If you froze and then thawed juice all at once and didn’t drink any, it would probably taste the same. But if you can’t leave it alone while it’s thawing (like I can’t), then you’ll probably find that the “juice” flavor melts first all at once, gets sucked off in the first few sips, and then when the rest of the juice thaws that flavor is missing, making it taste watered down and gross. | 1084a1e6-2bc2-42ab-92be-5b02a06303b8 |
cb9b3o | Why does mold have a fuzzy appearance? | Moulds are made up of tiny hairlike structures called [*hyphae*](_URL_1_). (That's actually the definition of a mould: a fungus that grows in that pattern, as opposed to something that forms single-celled units like yeasts.) In a lot of moulds, these grow upwards and outwards, which give it the appearance of being fuzzy, just like in things covered in actual hair. You can see examples on things [like the this](_URL_0_).
Why don't all moulds look quite so fuzzy? Well, that's largely down to their specific evolution and how best they're geared towards survival. In some moulds, the hyphae are shorter, so you don't get that fuzzy appearance. | fd9e91e2-d9a5-4475-8a51-760a1d8285d5 |
cb9var | Why does a baseball rotate faster closer to the catcher than it does when it leaves the pitcher’s hand? | It doesn't. What I think you are asking is why does something like a curve ball seem to be curving more by the time it reaches the plate. That's because it is. As the ball flies from the mound to the plate it's forward speed is roughly constant ( there are slight leases to drag) but the spin on the pall is causing a small but constant sideways acceleration. As the ball covers the distance to the plate the "curve" to the curve ball increases as the constant lateral acceleration is applied. | 1c8ec457-bc96-44a0-bf15-9e7be7ac8608 |
cb9yyy | What makes processed meet harmful, except for the artificially added preservative chemicals? They are basically ground meet, herbs, spices, wrapped, that are slowly cooked. | Nitrates are one thing, to my knowledge. These chemicals are added during the curing process. They can break down in the body to form carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals). They are used to preserve the meat by slowing down bacteria growth. | 4a9a02a1-2274-4ac2-a97f-1ece3fcddac1 |
cb9zei | how does the Wim Hof method work? | Hey finally one of these that I can explain!
& #x200B;
Pre-explanation: So your mind is really cool. It can train your body to just do things without having to really think about it anymore. We call this "Muscle Memory". Your brain is constantly getting something called "Sensory input". Sensory input is everything you do. Everything you see, say, taste, hear, smell. Now imagine your brain is a big office with one big table on it. Every sensory input is a piece of paper describing the input. All of these get put on the big table .Sheets of paper that only show up once or not very often, like a stranger's face on the street, normally get thrown out into a basket that gets changed every couple hours. Sheets that show up pretty often, go into a cabinet titled "Short Term Memory", which sometimes gets cleaned out to make room. Sheets that show up a lot, like the lyrics to your favorite song, go in a separate room titled "Long Term Memory" which gets cleaned less often. Certain things like temporary patterns go in a folder at the corner of the table close to the long term memory room.
& #x200B;
With the Wim Hof technique you go through the most effective method of breathing. Your body needs oxygen to burn down sugar and fatty acids to generate energy for your body to use. Breathing in deeply and holding it in allows your body to make the most use of the oxygen you inhale. Not exhaling completely trains your body to at least salvage a little bit of the oxygen you have in case something goes wrong. During the Wim Hof method you go through about 90 - 160 repetitions of effective breathing. Now that's enough for your brain to put "Effective Breathing" in the folder at the edge of the table. Normally when you're stressed your breathing gets faster, meaning your body doesn't get enough oxygen. Now your heart has to work harder and beat faster which can trigger a lot of bad things if it gets too fast. But if your body keeps referring back to that folder then your body will continue to make use of all the oxygen that you can get. | 70cf4115-e75b-4711-94c9-7bed398c425f |
cbael9 | Generally speaking, how do architects and engineers design multi story buildings knowing that they will withstand the weight burden? | I’ve heard it this way, you build it from the top down. Let’s say the top floor is 100 tons so the next floor down has to support that weight and is 120 tons itself. Now the floor below that has to support 220 tons, etc.
Part of the weight of each floor is all the stuff that goes in it; furniture, people, etc and each floor is rated to support X times it’s real life load. | 4f5c2a3b-c8f2-4c78-b776-9337441909c2 |
cbav1g | ; How cops in the US can brutally assault people without getting a single day of jail time. | Cops look out for their "brothers," it's a big fraternity... someone please add more of a legitimate argument because I really dont know | c5441687-65db-439f-9200-240fef46ff53 |
cbb36e | Why can't advertisers just buy space on a website from the host, and effectively avoid ad-blocker that way? | For large websites, to display all of the advertisers that request this would require constant updating. Also, when advertisers use Google’s ad service, they advertise on multiple websites. They would have to pay one website to display their ad instead of paying to display their ad on multiple, which will result in a larger outreach. Therefore, the loss from a very few amount of users is little compared to the difference between the amount of users seeing their ad if it is projected on many websites instead of just one. | 73ba12ac-0f2d-439a-a91d-2e02705b1ed5 |
cbbbqv | Why is it the standard/manual/stick shift car more reliable and gas efficient than automatic transmission cars? | Not entirely true for modern vehicles, but I personally feel you feel more connected with the road and driving in general with standard. Back in da day you could easily get better gas mileage with standard just due to more gears and changing gears early. But nowadays any auto can match or beat standard in fuel economy. The one thing that still stands is reliability, since a standard doesnt need a torque converter, theres less heat in the transmission, and less components to go wrong = lasting basically the life of the vehicle.
Other than that, a standard transmission can make any basic biotch 4 cyclinder feel "ok". Due to more control on shifting inbetween gears. | 92592c93-ae83-4dd1-9ee7-bc048fa8fe10 |
cbbcqm | The difference between Wireless power transmission and Wireless signals | Wireless charger is not electromagnetic waves but only a oscillating magnetic field the electric part of the field is in the conductors in system.
QI charger is just like a transformer but it has air instead of a metal core and the coil is flat.
Look at a image of QI charger internals with a flat coil and control electronics. The phone have a similar coil in it. The electronics is need so it is only on when another QI device is on the charger. If it was not intelligent and you put a iron object on top it would get heated up a lot and be a fire hazard.
A QI charger and a [Induction\_cooking stove top](_URL_0_) work the same way with the only difference that you have a coil that procure electricity in the phone but just a sold metal on the stove and only heat is generated.
Electric toothbrushes work the same way but without any intelligent control because the power leve is a lot lower. | 47fbce91-ac2b-4919-8992-174160922c47 |
cbbd2t | how do transmissions work in the big rig trucks? | same as a car just a lot more shifting. Difference is gearing layout if is a 4 over 4 or 8 high range 8 low range for 16...
some manufacturers have different gearboxes | 80644caa-7cc6-488f-b167-08168660112e |
cbbppg | Why do antidepressants dampen emotions? | My psychiatrist tried to explain it to me like this, roughly. She said something along the lines of that my perception of everything that happened prior was exaggeratedly bad and good. Everything weighed so much heavier, most of the time things were bad and that made the times where things were good really stand out.
By starting antidepressants, your brain stops registering every kind-of bad thing that happens to you as being horribly, inescapably bad. Over time, this brings your baseline mood higher towards the center. With nothing seeming as bad as it did, the good things don’t have much to cut through and their value slowly diminishes. You do still feel bad when bad things happen and good when things are well but it’s never as extreme on either side and so they, and all of their associated emotions, end up feeling muted in relation to how they were.
It makes sense to me and seems to work as a functional explanation for myself as to why my emotions are less intense. Don’t know if there’s really any scientific truth to it though, would have to research more sometime. | e9628417-09e3-4f62-b885-5b2e17e2e096 |
cbbqg2 | How did the universe get to be so big? | Nothing can move *through* space faster than the speed of light, but the space *between* sufficiently distant objects can increase rapidly enough that light emitted from them *right now* will never be able to traverse the distance, and the farther apart they are the more rapidly the space will grow. The overall rate of expansion has also been accelerating over the past few billion years, and this is expected to continue forever.
The entire universe also did not emerge from one infinitely dense point. The observable universe was contained with a very tiny volume, but it wasn't infinitely small, and entire universe was still far larger than this, and may possibly be infinite. At some point shortly after the big bang, the universe entered a brief "inflationary" period where its size increased drastically before returning to normal expansion.
All of these factors lead to the universe being much larger than one would think based on the speed of light alone. | 0c3bee05-d313-42fc-8f09-52c11ec318ad |
cbc6zn | Why are billions of pennies made if they cost 1.5 cents to make? | All those answers about the zinc lobbies and such are missing the point entirely:
**Creating physical currency isn't done for profit.** The cost to produce a penny and the monetary value of that penny are entirely unrelated concepts, as the US government isn't making physical currency in order to come out positive. This is similar to how police enforcing the law isn't done with the aim of making more money in fines than it costs to employ the police force; it just isn't why it is done in the first place. | dd1af724-d5fe-42b6-a0eb-69dd7df78a3b |
cbc8t4 | Despite knowing the effects of using coal and burning oil to generate electricity, why do countries still use them? | Because there isn’t enough power being generated by clean sources to cover all areas of the country. To suggest to simply upgrade to a clean source is very expensive. | a1d55844-f6c0-49a6-98e0-37b7fa0e5a6c |
cbca6f | Why do certain songs sound louder than others even when they’re played at the same volume? | One thing to blame is the [Loudness War](_URL_0_), where producers mastered their albums to be louder on the radio than other songs. | 235148e6-d07d-4735-8975-b5c78218b2fb |
cbcftp | How can scientists figure out anything about far away planets if we only have pictures of them? | Short answer: Light.
What it's made of: When light comes in contact with matter some of that light is absorbed, the rest reflected. This absorption isn't random. Each element produces it's own light spectrum, the light waves reflected and absorbed. Think of it like a barcode being broadcast by everything light touches. Since we know what spectrums come from what elements we can analyze the light coming from distant planets, detect those spectrums, and know those elements are present.
Age: Still light. Only rather than the planet's light we use its star's light. The same spectrums that tell us an atmosphere's composition can tell is what a star is made of. Measurements of the star's luminosity, size, and so on can tell us it's general age. From there we can extrapolate how old the planets are, since they formed at effectively the same time. | c4c39dee-2698-4e74-8ad8-e924b227244a |
cbcxtp | Why does it hurt so badly to tweeze hairs that grow on the upper lip directly below the nose? | The upper lip contains *a lot* of nerves in it. In fact, the lips are more sensitive than the fingertips! That’s why it hurts so much. | d2eedc1c-52ba-4409-aee9-e138d3179838 |
cbd0nv | What is the difference between GDP (nominal) and GDP (PPP) and when do you use each of them? | GDP is the total productive output while the PPP compares how many goods and services that particular amount of currency can purchase.
& #x200B;
PPP basically is like a cost of living index. where you might have high or low GDP but the amount of goods and services you can purchase is more or less compared to another country with the same nominal GDP. | 327d2a76-e353-489d-a6cc-0b86267ed385 |
cbd0zc | Why do older video games (think SNES/Sega/Etc games) played on new systems still lag in all the same places despite there being more than enough processing power to eliminate the lag? | They are emulated(emulation is a complex topic beyond ELI5, I suggest you research it if interested) to produce the original system's specs. Thus, they will have the same performance. This can be mitigated on PC, but most emulators retain this to retain the effect of the originals. | 5a953178-f95d-4999-b296-f16e1444de6c |
cbdhfg | How do we know what dinosaurs sounded like? | We don't, but is Jurassic Park a better film with a T-Rex that roars, or one that clucks like a chicken or coos like a pigeon? | 36d1e0f8-1103-425d-8c24-6f5ab3272742 |
cbdtp9 | How is Mercury in "retrograde" and why do people care? | Basically mercury goes around the sun in a tighter circle than the earth, so from the earth’s perspective, when mercury gets to its farthest point parallel to our view and then starts to loop back around, it appears from earth to go backwards. That is what retrograde means.
The belief in astrology is most often explained by what are known as hermetic principles. These traditional beliefs are ideas that to some degrees conflict with assumptions of materialist science such as causality. The most often cited for a belief in astrology is ‘the principle of correspondence’ often summarized “as above so below”.
This posits that the organizing principles of the universe are such that the objective and subjective worlds mirror each other and that changes in one will reflect changes in the other. (Not necessarily by cause and effect). In the case of mercury retrograde, the idea is that the apparent movement of the planet Mercury is reflected by people’s experiences and that these experiences will have the characteristic of not being straightforward or according to intentions. This is especially in relation to things traditionally associated with the planet like communication and everyday short distance travel. | 9e99e714-297b-4bf5-bb45-9d4968acae3b |
cbe20y | How does my phone\any electrical device know the charge level on the battery. | The phone can detect how much voltage it's power cells are putting out... as you use up the charge voltage will drop gradually. It can show you a good guess (percentage) on how much juice you have left by comparing what it's seeing from the battery vs the limits that have been set by the manufacturer.
There's a minimum, nominal, and max voltage based on how the cells are designed/built. | 09504fd0-9201-4055-a92b-4698a035ec47 |
cbe85t | Difference between being anxious and being nervous? | In my layperson’s opinion, anxiousness pervades beyond the immediate circumstances whereas nervousness does not. If you’re worried about something that’s about to happen in 5 minutes, you’re nervous; if you’re worried about something that probably won’t happen for days if at all, you’re anxious. | 7b692c9b-2b4c-4c7c-b3bb-a49b807e7402 |
cbeagn | What is the difference between an AWD, 4WD, FWD, and RWD? | If I remember correctly, AWD is when the vehicle is driven by all wheels and cannot be altered, 4WD is a feature commonly found in trucks or off road vehicles and is driven by all wheels but can be switched from 4WD to RWD or FWD. RWD and FWD is when the vehicle is driven by the rear or front tires respectively. | 2ae21988-7889-4776-a623-d82d3ddecaff |
cbetqv | how come that aerobic exercise's cardio vascular stress is healty while drugs' (eg. Nicotice) cardio vascular stress is unhealty? | Most drugs that cause cardiovascular stress are vasoconstrictors. Simply put, this means they tighten your blood vessels causing your heart to work harder to deliver a normal amount of blood.
Your body sees your heart working harder and secretes hormones to help (which causes part of the "high" associated with the drug).
But it's the equivalent of blowing through a tiny straw. It puts unnecessary stress on the heart. | 769811d2-e1f5-4c41-8965-17bf8a1f4836 |
cbf08b | The almost surely probability concept | Think about throwing an infinitely-pointy dart at a square poster that you can measure infinitely well, to an infinite precision and accuracy. This poster is half red and half blue, cut across in a diagonal line. You throw the dart perfectly at random, and you always hit one spot on the poster: the red side 50% of the time, and the blue side 50% of the time.
What are the odds of getting your dart to land exactly on the diagonal?
Well, it's zero. Not just super, super unlikely, like randomly shuffling two decks of cards of having them come out identically, but actually *zero* chance. The closer you zoomed in on your dartboard, the more you'd be able to see that the dart is on one side or the other, no matter how slightly. There is no point where the dart can hit the exact diagonal, because the exact diagonal has no area. It *exists* -- the blue half is the blue half, and the red half is the red half, and because there's no gradient between the two we can say it's a perfectly sharp transition between the two -- but because it has no area.
The problem is, a dart landing on one of those points is in theory no less likely than it landing on any other specific point on the board, when looked at at the same scale. Mathematicians get around this by saying 'almost surely': there is a probability of 1 that the dart will land somewhere other than the border, but the border is still -- technically -- a valid place for the dart to land. | d122c729-5bb6-458d-a49d-00c3f38cd6d7 |
cbf5d2 | If I disconnect my desktop from the internet and power source for a couple of weeks, reconnect the power and start it up, how does it keep the correct time and date? | The motherboard has an onboard battery (usually something like a CR2032 button battery) that it uses to keep a small bit of storage running. That storage contains your BIOS settings (boot order preference, BIOS password, etc) and a system clock. The system clock has a tiny circuit attached that allows it to store the system time, and have it progress normally, even if the system loses power.
It won't actually be the correct time and date, though. The onboard oscillator will be imperfect and will deviate from the actual time. The deviation will be too small for you to notice, but it'll be enough that the computer wants to update it ASAP. So once you reconnect to the internet, it'll connect to a time server and download the correct time, and set that system clock to that time. | 9680852c-070f-488c-8ac5-ee53bd966ef7 |
cbfckq | Why does our internal temperate fluctuate when we have an illness? | Bacteria and viruses can sometimes be susceptible to temperature. Your body does this to help fight infections. Definitely not the last line of defense, more like a passive assistance to the fight. Think of fighting the school bully, but this time, you have a few friends standing by shooting him with slingshots. By themselves probably not going to do much, but as a team, you stand a fair chance. (This is just an analogy, please dont shoot the bully with slingshots. Its not going to end well for anyone.) | 6fadbe12-b087-4c2b-ba1a-b96af9de3f83 |
cbfl1n | When stuck in vehicles, do flies need to fly at the speed of the vehicle when travelling? If not, why? | Would a fish in a fishbowl have to swim to keep up with the car? No, because he’s contained within the water, which is moving at the same speed as the car. Flies are inside the space (in their case, air) that is contained within the car. Think of the interior of the car as one big fish bowl, filled with air instead of water. | c56558ea-52dc-400c-8dbf-565508d00938 |
cbfmdz | How does Newton's third law of motion apply to an object (like a bullet) travelling into another object (like a concrete wall), breaking through it, and continuing to travel? | Even though the bullet keeps going, it still took the force of the interaction, the force was just not enough stop the bullet. The bullet does lose velocity, and takes on some deformation, just too little for us to see with the naked eye | d82fec42-35b2-4cfa-b9c9-40b9ffa872c8 |
cbg2i5 | Why is it that when we’re exhausted suddenly everything becomes so much more funny? Does this have to do with a possible correlation between lack of sleep and brain function? | One of the common themes of comedy is things not meeting our expectations. When we're very fatigued, our mind doesn't have the ability to predict things quite as well - so we're more likely to find something doesn't match our expectations, and thus amusement. | 98707751-e99c-48d3-92fd-50ff003ba115 |
cbg83u | how calls made from a landline get to a cellphone efficiently and how does that routing between numbers work? | They connect mostly the same way as every other landline phone does. The only difference is that the signal goes to a cellphone tower rather than to a phone jack on a wall.
& #x200B;
It is of course a little bit more complicated than that (IE: Most phone lines are still analog, but the basics are still there. You place a call on your cellphone, it gets sent through the tower and onto the phone network. You place a call through your landline, and it goes through your phone line to the phone network. Routing landline to cellphone is a bit less efficient since it's not analog-to-analog like how it would be with landline-to-landline. A digital conversion must occur. However, many landline phones are being switched to digital through VoIP or similar technologies. | 9ac6509f-498a-4ef9-b345-408c4e2e1bec |
cbgh5e | Why do humans start feeling hot and sweaty when nervous? | It’s the part of your nervous system that protects you when you’re in danger. Your body is designed to run away from tigers and such, not take tests or speak in public. Having your heart rate go up and moving your blood to different parts of the body is useful when fighting a wild animal but not as useful when you’re sitting in a desk - so it just makes you hot and sweaty. | 087e0f01-160d-4216-9cee-ebb8f802325b |
cbgiqm | What is human engineering and how has it influenced common products we encounter today? | Human engineering, which Don Normal originally called "The Psychology/Design of Everyday Things", influences many modern design choices. The classic example is the Norman Door Bar. When you approach a glass door, should you pull the handle bar or push it? If you write a sign, then you have to presume everybody reads that language or make it in many languages. This is ugly, no matter what. It's far better to use a horizontal bar to mean Push and a vertical bar to mean Pull. The human hand grip on a vertical pole supports much higher pull force than a horizontal one. These observations of human biomechanics mean that humans won't need a sign, it will "feel natural" to do the right thing. | a7289a31-e100-4074-a5e2-ff19622bade1 |
cbgn73 | Why some aircraft like the F-4 have wings that point upwards towards the ends, and elevators which point downwards? | It doesn’t have general advantages, the overall design of the entire plane would dictate if it was needed. In the case of the Phantom, after initial flight testing it was found that to improve stability the wings needed to be tilted up by 5 degrees. You’ll find lots of early jet planes have wings that tilt up for stability. However, this would require a complete redesign of the wing and undercarriage, so after some thinking it was proposed to just tilt the ends of the wings up by 12 degrees to have the same effect.
As for the tail, the F-4 is a BIG plane and it was found that the original vertical stabiliser design would be too tall for aircraft carrier use. Shortening the tail would decrease stability so this was solved by angling the elevators down so they would provide stability too.
Source: Asked my dad, he flew the F-4D, E and G for 16 years.
Edit: he just added that in later planes instability became more desirable as flight control computers could compensate for this and higher airframe instability is key to higher manoeuvrability. | b0005c3a-8649-4768-b7f3-634db067ceb5 |
cbgu2d | SERIOUS: Why is it that the penis doesn't bruise with vigorous motion/sucking when it has such thin skin and a large number of small blood vessels that are filled to the max? | Can’t believe I decided to answer this but these movements are moving the skin of the shaft. It’s flexible but it does have a cap on how much you can “stretch” it. It’s fairly easy to tear the skin of a shaft. It has tons of maxed out blood vessels but that’s in the actual muscle of the penis itself. You can definitely bruise it but you’re not going to bruise it if you’re only moving that thin skin that’s covering it. Almost as a protective cover. Now it definitely can be bruised by like punching it or something, but luckily that doesn’t help reach an orgasm | 2c33af5c-d675-43c6-9d89-c505083b4c90 |
cbh0ak | GET OFF MA PROPERTEYYYYY! Why do Americans care so much about their property? | So some of this is flanderization in the media. That image of a poor person living in a trailer holding a shotgun has been portrayed many times.
However, there is historical and legal reasons why this can be a touchy subject. It is my understanding that it is unique in the United States that even the state cannot enter private property against the owners will without a warrant to do so.
Many demographics in the US have been victimized throughout the country’s history and there is cultural paranoia as a result. It wasn’t that long ago that federal law enforcement shot and killed a mother holding her infant child over a totally made up charge against her husband (ruby ridge, look it up) and you need only browse the news in the US to see cases that illustrate why many Americans don’t trust law enforcement. | db0558ca-ad92-4e7a-b10c-6c84deee8cbf |
cbh1sn | What would happen if the earth came to an instantaneous halt? | I'd be very unhappy because it's hot where I live and with 24 hours of hot July sun, everything would die and get very hot. The other side of the world would be in perpetual darkness and it'd get very cold, and everything would die. To sum it up, everything would die without that wonderful day and night cycle. | ee98d77c-e435-4dee-b07d-4fa72be9ec51 |
cbh8fo | Why aren't male hormones used for those who can't grow beards? | We try not to give people medicine that has the potential for severe side effects for issues as small as this. If you want facial hair and you can't grow it, there are other options available to you aside from injecting yourself with hormones for months.
& #x200B;
A hair transplant, for example, would give you results much much quicker than hormone injections, with very little chance for any side effects. It would cost less, and it would be permanent hair, and it would be the hair you want instead of whatever uncontrolled, patchy nonsense you might get from hormone injections. You can just bring a picture of the beard you want to have, and your doctor can make that happen. It's a simple outpatient procedure that only takes a few hours, and you'll be back to work the next day.
Compare that to the months and months of hormone therapy, that may or may not give you the beard you wanted in the first place. | fc2b21f0-453d-4d6d-a45d-adf3e65bd578 |
cbhgz9 | How does catnip work? | If I recall correctly, it registers as a pheromone to then which is why they get frisky.
The specific compound is nepetalactone.
Humans can ingest it (usually smoked or in a tea) and it has a slight sedative effect like chamomile. | 600fe8c6-59e7-4e6f-bf0f-6c489353505b |
cbhlhu | Can any federal judge in any part of the country block a move made by the President? How does this work? | I am a lawyer. The answer is yes. The courts, pursuant to Article 3 of the Constitution, have the authority to interpret and apply the law. Federal courts have jurisdiction over questions of federal law. When a judge decides a question of federal law, that has effect. It means something. When a judge decides that something is illegal or unconstitutional, that means the person doing it has to stop.
All matters, except a few very unique circumstances, start in district court. There's several for most states, based on geography. There's nowhere else most federal cases can start. If the judges in those district courts didn't have authority to render decisions or enter orders, the entire process would be meaningless.
To unpack a bit, usually, when you hear about a judge "blocking" something, usually you're hearing about an injunction. An injunction is a temporary order that enters at the start of a case that says because the complained of action is very likely to be illegal, and the doing of that action causes irreparable harm that can't be fixed later if the action is deemed to be illegal or unconstitutional, the actor must stop doing it while this case is pending. Especially when you hear about the administration being blocked, such injunctions are usually appealed immediately up to the circuit, and possibly from there to SCOTUS. Even when it's a final order, it still usually gets appealed. So in this way, district courts don't have plenary authority to block, because there's always at least one layer of appeal above them.
Edit typo | a2871ce1-fc05-408d-af55-4b0cf6a7fc84 |
cbhoum | Why do companies like SanDisk only create flash drives and sd cards with a specific amount of memory on them? | Binary values scale up in a predictable manner, much like base ten values. For example if you have three digits to work with you can address a total of 1000 values (including 0), so if you design a system to read and write memory to locations which can handle three values it makes sense to have exactly 1000 addresses for such data to be stored. Otherwise you are either wasting or exceeding the capabilities of the system. Add another digit in that base ten system and you can address up to 10,000 values.
Computers though use binary, and binary values scale like this:
1 digit = 2 values
2 digits = 4 values
3 digits = 8 values
4 digits = 16 values
5 digits = 32 values
6 digits = 64 values
7 digits = 128 values
8 digits = 256 values
etc...
I'm sure you are noticing some common values there such as 32 and 128 as in storage sizes. While in concept one might design a system with less storage than address space but then you would need to design some way to limit the available addresses (conveying it to the system using it), and it is just a big hassle compared to using the whole capacity of the address. | 5dab82b5-bb7f-4eda-8f03-a97be5796aac |
cbhqx2 | Why do more razor blades = a closer shave and more razor burn? | Each item on a razor blade pulls the skin tighter and tighter as it passes over the skin. A 5 blade razor will pull from the back of the head, and then each blade which will slice closer and closer to the stretched skin. Since your skin isn’t perfectly smooth you end up ‘shaving’ a little bit of your skin off which causes irritation and inflammation, aka razor burn.
If you suffer from this, use a single blade safety razor. | c37f549a-cc77-4e0d-a15a-40035de85428 |
cbht0v | how chemicals like dopamine and melatonin are synthesized and proven to be exactly the same as those produced naturally | In short, chemistry!
For a longer answer...
There are a lot of standard chemical 'building blocks' and standard methods for attaching them. That's pretty much the nature of chemistry. You can see [three different lab syntheses of melatonin here](_URL_0_).
So how do you know that what you've made is actually melatonin? You can run various tests to determine the physical (melting/boiling point, crystal structure, etc.) and structural (molecular weight, contains certain chemical bonds, etc.) to either (a) compare it with 'known' melatonin, and/or (b) determine the complete structure from base principals.
And what are these tests? Infrared spectrometry, UV spetrophotometry, mass spectrometry (often combined with a gas chromatograph; GC-MS), NMR (think MRI for chemicals instead of people), x-ray crystallography, and others.
In fact, I don't think that there's any commercial production of dopamine. Melatonin used to be extracted from animal pineal glands, but is now either synthesized in labs. | a39d8a83-d355-4b1e-90bd-882ce4f65cac |
cbhvu7 | When you’re drunk, how come when you speak it sounds like you’re speaking normal but to everyone else, you’re slurring your words? | Your own perception of your outputted creations is not how others perceive it. The human nervous system handles other people's speech and your own in completely different ways.
As such, alcohol can attack/disrupt sections of the human body which are responsible for synthesis of speech while either sparing or also disrupting those parts which are responsible for your perception of your own created stimuli. | f41c8694-f761-4152-ac3f-5ea403a39758 |
cbi09b | How does adrenaline keep people from feeling pain after a serious injury? | Because adrenalin is a fight or flight hormone. Say person A is involved in a crazy fight with a rabid animal, that instance their focus will be either on escaping or standing and fighting that animal. If by any chance A gets wounded, their focus still won't be on that wound/pain because what's needed that minute is for them to handle the attack of the animal. So adrenaline takes over during an emergency situation.
Effects of our own bodily manufactured painkillers like endorphin will take a bit more time to come into play due to the nerve relay of pain taking some time. | 22c982d9-f962-4a7c-9a9a-5c90901ff791 |
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