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cbi3ix | why does a tree make a huge lot of fruits one year and almost none the next one? | Biannual bearing. It makes a lot of fruit one year. Has no energy the next year. Repeat.
How to solve. Pruning. On the year when a lot of fruit will be. Cut off some flower in spring. To make the tree use less energy on fruit. Smooth out the wave if you think like that.
Is not good for the tree because after using all energy for fruit it will have less energy for life and surviving harder winters or droughts. | 32023c2d-9a0f-4e6c-bcb1-029aad32ad94 |
cbi5oz | Why could I eat the hottest most spiciest foods without any consequence 5 years ago, but now I will have the worst stomach pain off even a weak hot sauce? | Because you are getting older. Thats how it starts. Next going out clubbing will take days to recover from. Bending over will hurt. Walking up stairs will be exhausting. In the end stages masturbation will be too much work. Ahhh....Golden Years. | ca8fe824-5b6d-4879-94cc-584e25f54c45 |
cbiid8 | Why is so much food packaged in plastic? I understand it's probably cheaper than using wood or metal or other forms of packaging but it's just so wasteful. I think people would prefer more "premium" packaging materials as well. | Not only is it lighter than metal and more durable than glass, many types of plastic packaging also extend the shelf life of perishable foods, which reduces food waste.
Before modern packaging and refrigeration a lot of food was wasted because it didn't survive being transported from the farms to cities. Also, people used to get food poisoning more frequently because of food spoilage and poor sanitation.
For instance, a head of lettuce will wilt very quickly after it's picked. If it's put in a completely sealed container it won't wilt but it will start to rot after a couple of days so you need lots of holes for ventilation. Plastic clamshells keep the lettuce at just the right humidity plus they prevent the leaves from being crushed.
Meat packaging is similar. Vacuum sealed plastic bags keep oxygen away from the meat, which keeps it fresh longer and plastic wrapped trays are often filled with nitrogen or carbon dioxide to displace the oxygen for the same reason. Paper wrapping isn't airtight and wouldn't work the same way.
From a producer's perspective, if $50 worth of plastic packaging means an extra $1000 worth of food gets sold instead of rotting in the truck or on the shelf, it's worth the price.
Right now about 80% of people live in cities and there just isn't enough room in and near cities to grow enough food for all those people. Food has to be transported from the places that have enough land and water to grow it to the places where people live. And without a good market for their food in the cities, many farmers wouldn't be able to stay in business. Making transportation more efficient means a lot more of that food gets eaten instead of being thrown away.
Source: Ag major in grad school. | 426eac08-795f-43bd-8884-7f83aef720e8 |
cbjizb | How do people get motion sickness and what does medicines like Dramamine do to combat the motion sickness? | It's thought to be a disconnect between the visual motion you see and what your inner ear feels. Dramamine is a combination of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and caffeine to combat some of the drowsiness diphenhydramine causes. It acts as an anti-cholinergic, which slows down signaling of some nerves in the brain, including those in the parts of the brain that mediate nausea. | 114b0d73-8d1c-41b7-8095-d7dfcf66b1ac |
cbjoqj | Why does your body feel itchy when warming up after staying in cold weather or water for to long? | When you get cold, your blood flows away from your extremities and into your internal organs.
When you begin to warm up, blood flows back 'out' and a lot of the capillaries in your skin quickly fill up. This is felt by the touch receptors in the skin causing you to feel the itch. | f09700bd-0297-4188-8b9f-f49939841853 |
cbjv9d | How can a lawyer defend someone who is just not defendable? | The point of a lawyer is to make sure his defendant receives a fair trial. Not to make him walks free, for example if the accuse is of intentional murder etc. | 49c165f7-437e-477a-a6ca-bbc4bea60585 |
cbjxie | How does the tax evasion loophole work? | A loophole = > tax avoidance
Tax evasion == a crime, you go to jail.
These are completely different. The Congress adds loopholes on purpose, to encourage people to do things that Congress wants done but don't have the money for, like building businesses or funding charities. Rich people follow the law and take advantage of opportunities offered them, because they would otherwise pay a lot more tax. The bottom 50% of taxpayers in the US pay 3% of the personal income taxes while the top 1% pay 37.3% of the taxes (even with the current loopholes). | 241c8110-c984-4b68-a42b-62ff6b868243 |
cbkcdh | What's the difference between a TV producer and a director? | The producer hires the director, the writers, oversees casting, etc. Basically they hire the people who actually make the show, and sometimes give a lot of input into the process.
The director is responsible for overseeing creation of the individual episodes: overseeing the script, directing cameras, coaching the actors, etc. They're responsible for the quality of an individual episode, but they work within the framework provided by the producer.
Some producers leave a stronger stamp on their show than others. | c3e2b390-c904-4408-9e16-418553ae3895 |
cbki1t | What function does “good bacteria” have in our bodies? | So “good bacteria” mostly in our stomachs and intestines help us digest food granted there can be good bacteria elsewhere (There’s one I simply can’t remember the name of that has become so ingrained into us that every single one of our cells have it by default) which if I recall correctly also deals with helping cells turn things that can be made into energy ... into that energy
There may be others that aren’t coming to mind but for the most part good bacteria helps process food down into actually usable energy | 3264b387-7f68-4738-a2e8-30c30c708517 |
cbknki | Gödel's incompleteness theorems | Basically, for any sufficiently complex logical/mathematical system
1: If it is valid (doesn't contradict itself), and from which you can derive a lot of theorems through following the rules (proving the theorem is true), but that there will always be some theorems which would be true, and cannot be proven if the system is valid.
2:If somehow everything in your system is proven, then your system has a contradiction somewhere. | f549b9a1-6e01-4824-ba30-e12892721ae7 |
cbknuk | why is it when a screens loading does the loading bar stop and start at certain times? I.e. a lot of times it will take a second at the beginning and then load the rest really fast. | Because that bar isnt actually a representation of how far along the process is, it is more an indication of what point you are in the process.
Specifically to installers/loadscreens: Progress bars are better now than they were, but essentially there are markers that tell the progress bar where to be at a certain stage of the install.
Downloads are pretty easy as there is a measurable start and finish with a semi-static transfer rate. | 3a5f847d-bc33-4ff2-b9c3-21b881a80371 |
cbkqp6 | Why is it a common thing to hide the username from a screenshot post? | Reddit is full of trolls and asshats who will gleefully brigade and harass other users if their user names are posted. It does no good to make it easier for them to so. We can just as easily enjoy/mock screenshots of texts without knowing who actually wrote those texts. | a22eb539-eac6-455f-9a0d-19f59103ed61 |
cbkufj | whats the difference between homicide, murder, and manslaughter? | Homicide is killing another person. Both murder and manslaughter are forms of homicide. The differnce between the two is intent. If you acted with intent to kill, it's murder. If the death was accidental or incidental, it's manslaughter, | fbfc6dcc-6c49-4193-ad98-c77c2e9c5691 |
cbkyau | How do movie makers make money from streaming services like Netflix? | netflix pays the distributor a certain amount of money for a license to stream the movie in a certain geography for a certain length of time. | 6bacffae-ecfb-4f6f-abfb-90f552c63849 |
cbl7gv | what is the simplest definition of a DNA, genome, and a gene. | DNA: A chain like molecule made of four different kinds of molecules (Nucleotides). The sequence of these different nucleotides works like a code.
Gene: A section of the DNA that can be "transcribed" into an RNA. A gene starts with something called a promotor. That is a specific sequence of nucleotides that enzymes can detect. They bind to the promotor and start walking down the DNA, reading the code and creating a copy until they reach a stop singal. That copy is also a chain like molecule, but its not DNA, its RNA. RNA and DNA are very similar, but there are a few chemical differences. These RNA molecules can be used to generate proteins (they acts as a "blueprint"), or they can do other things like regulating other genes.
Genome: the collection of all genes in an organism | e3593060-9413-413e-b635-c16969507e82 |
cbl9iu | When ice melts in a glass of water the overall level of water in the glass goes down because ice has a higher volume. Would this be true for the oceans then if the ice caps melt and if not why? | the water level does NOT go down.
the amount of ice that stays above the water level is the difference in density between ice and water.
Ice caps melting are a problem because of the ice that *isnt* floating. The ice that sits on land isnt in the water so its not contributing to the water level. If that ice melts all the water it adds will cause the ocean to rise. | e2c6f4da-ad5c-4719-a753-0336fc29d7d0 |
cblboc | What are the effects of pumping gas with your car on and why are we told not to do it? | It is a fire risk. It's a much lower risk now than it was with cars of the 60's and 70's, but it's still a risk.
To be honest I don't see a single advantage in doing it. It wastes fuel and the second or two it takes to start your engine in unlikely to make any difference. Many cars now automatically turn their engines off when stopped and restart when you take your foot off the brake. This does may a difference to city MPG and reduces pollution. | 79682d3b-dac3-4b27-b4b9-7927027f4292 |
cblpir | Can a smart watch charge from everyday movement? | For "dumb" watches we have had automatic movements which wind themselves with a free spinning pendulum inside the watch. The problem with converting that into smart watch tech is efficiency. There are a few companies trying to solve this right now. Sequent is one of them. Check out their kickstarter. _URL_0_ | 163db953-64f8-4138-87af-66cab1034182 |
cblsdf | How do shows like AGT acquire the rights for all the songs performed on the show? Do acts need to get the rights before hand, does the show have a list of songs that can be performed, or does the show seek out the rights for each performer? | You don't need to ask permission first to do a cover of a song. You get an automatic license and pay a fee. AGT may per clear the songs to make life easier but its not strictly legally required. | 2b6eff22-32c8-4e3f-b353-4167e56ab9f3 |
cblvpv | How do snails get their shells? | They grow them, in the same way that we human grow fingernails and hair. The material of the shell is excreted over time; it just so happens that the way it's excreted in a snail causes the shell to grow in a spiral pattern.
BTW, the tip of the snail's shell is actually the snail's baby-sized shell. It's just kept adding onto it over its lifespan. | 6181bffd-c280-4f2d-b26e-9cc571f22866 |
cbm26w | How are game engines capable of exporting a game for every platform under the sun(iOS, Android, Win, Linux, PC, Mac, XBox), but app developers have to use different languages/frameworks for each? | The short answer is that game engines *are* the React Native of game development. You can choose to build your own in C++ with platform-specific GUI tools, and that's equivalent to using mobile-specific languages/etc | 6fad63f5-cd35-4ef0-8360-4b060856fc45 |
cbmale | Why is it that when we're tired from exercise we feel the need to bend down? | because the diaphragm contracts more easily when horizontal, because gravity affects it when you're vertical (upright)
which allows for easier, deeper breaths | 6ae0f719-5de6-4e3c-8813-8aa8827c86ca |
cbmdaz | What's different about things like insect bites that make it feel good to scratch them, even though you're actually in pain during and after it? | This article explains it really well. Basically the mild pain of scratching distracts your brain from the itch.
_URL_0_ | 3c31265e-2c6e-4b6f-80bf-b751480ceacc |
cbml3f | Municipal Fiber Internet. Is it funded by the government or is funded by taxes? Or do you just pay for it like you would for any other service (i.e. Comcast, Xfinity, etc...)? How does a town go about getting it (that is if they are in a state that doesn't ban it)? | As the name suggests Municipal Fiber Internet is provided by the municipality (local government). The organization and funding of this is up to the municipality as is the same for any municipal utility like water, sewage and roads. It is not uncommon for the local taxes to pay for some of it however most strive for the utility to become fully self funded. Quite often the municipality only offers financial security to the endevour which is enough to get loans that will be paid back by the subscribers over the lifetime of the infrastructure. | c69609a9-f4fd-4905-97cf-6f0a481a250a |
cbmpja | How is the sport of cricket played? | No one knows....british people just mess around until they begin to sweat, then take a tea break, then do it again... | 719fcd38-c98c-43dd-8ca3-a1ca5b4088f3 |
cbmrbi | Why does soda such as Sprite help make you feel better when you are sick. | If by "sick" you mean nauseous/vomiting, the reason may be that fizzy drinks tend to be very high in sugar. This sugar is very easily absorbed by the body, and because it's in a liquid form it moves quickly through your stomach so you're less likely to throw it up (or more likely to get some nutrients from it before you throw it up). If you're unable to keep solid food down, sugary drinks can be the best way of getting calories without vomiting. When you're sick those calories are more important than ever so getting a good dose of sugar can make you feel a lot better.
That said, fizzy drinks are also very acidic so I'd be careful about drinking them when you have an upset stomach. | 9cfcffbc-e450-4925-a01d-80c4eb331bd6 |
cbmtez | What speaks against bees being conscious? If they aren't conscious, how is their behaviour explainable with instincts only? | > What speaks against bees being conscious?
I don't know, "conscious" is generally taken to mean something which is aware and responding to one's surroundings. Bees definitely fit this description.
> If they aren't conscious, how is their behaviour explainable with instincts only?
That isn't quite the same idea, something can be responding instinctively but also be conscious. However the basic idea that bee behavior can be explained entirely by instincts isn't unreasonable. They simply respond as their evolved instincts would indicate in certain situations. | ea1ffbb5-80c3-4ef1-9633-aaf26fea125a |
cbmw88 | Where does the bacteria that helps us digest come from? Are they generated from the body itself? What distinguishes it from a regular 'alien' bacteria? | Our microbiota (the collective term for all of the organisms that live on or in our bodies) come from the environment. Our bodies don't "make" bacteria and they can't just pop into existence from nothing. The very first of our gut flora enters our bodies right as we're born. As we emerge from the birth canal, all of our mother's vaginal flora (bacteria that live in the vagina) as well as bacteria on her skin around her pelvis goes into our mouths, and beings colonizing our digestive tract. Breast milk also has beneficial bacteria in it that colonize our digestive tracts as we consume it.
The only distinction is whether or not they make us sick. The bacteria that live in our guts are actually good for us (or in some cases, not beneficial but not bad), and crowd out bad bacteria from taking hold. Everyone has a different gut flora, but there are are some common types that are found in almost everyone like *lactobacillus* and *bifidobacterium*. | 2e50e5d3-15b2-421b-9100-3fad31592b33 |
cbmyl8 | When talking about the Banach-Tarski paradox, how does rotation cancel out from all perspectives? Like if you rotate "down" on the "up" sphere, it cancels out from your perspective but wouldn't that mean it just added additional "up" to the opposite side? Doesn't that mean there is no paradox? | The only things they count as a duplication is if two inputs are next to each other in the sequence and opposite.
Otherwise you would never have a L and a R or an U and a D in the same sequence ever; they would be subtracted. You would only ever get a set of many Ls and Us, Ls and Ds, Rs and Us, Rs and Ds etc. | d29a2100-5a26-4766-b9e1-e4920c717460 |
cbn0fj | Why is taking deep breaths supposed to help you calm down? | It's a good distraction, you have to think about taking those breaths for a few seconds enough to derail the train of thought that you were stuck on. Some people can also hyperventilate when they panic so some slow deep breaths can help bring them back down to earth. | 74ca82cd-e0e0-4a98-9da0-d198204c4eb5 |
cbn3rd | Why is it that in hotter regions of the world, the skin tone of natives are darker even though darker colours tend to absorb more heat than lighter ones? | Darker colors absorb more heat, yes, but darker *skin colors* contain more melanin, which protects the body from harmful UV radiation. | 22e64089-d007-49ea-95ac-96da0dcf210f |
cbn80t | Why does stretching certain muscles feel good yet others remain painful even as I gain flexibility? | So flexibility is a a little complicated. You have muscles, tendons, and ligaments, and all three have flexibility. Tendons attach muscle to bone, while ligaments attach bone to bone.
If you try and touch your toes with straight legs, you'll probably feel a tightness behind your knees. This is mostly your 'posterior cruciate ligament' (PCL). Now bend your knee a little bit, and stretch again. This time, you should feel a different kind of tightness, that goes from a little above the back of your knee right up to your butt. This is your hamstring. You are stretching your hamstring both ways, but with straight legs, your limit is probably the limit of your ligaments.
(Note: if you have really really tight hamstrings, you may just feel your hamstrings for both).
When you reach a 'limit' while stretching your muscles, you're not actually at a physical limit. Instead, your feeling a stretch reflex. Your muscles will try and stop a stretch long before it becomes dangerous, to protect you. When your muscles feel tight during a stretch, that's partially because they're flexing against the stretch.
Your ligaments can't flex like your muscles do. When you stretch them, you also trigger a relfex to resist the stretch, but this time the tightness is in the ligament, but the flex is in the muscles that close the same joint. This is why it feels different.
Muscle flexibility is also much easier to improve than ligament flexibility. This is because you can re-train your stretch reflex to allow more flexibility. | bbff5be6-31bd-4e63-aa07-be8d6784ec11 |
cbnh3o | Why is it harder to balance when we close our eyes? | We use many inputs to stay "balanced" - our inner ear, our muscles, our sense of inertia and ... our sight. You develop a _skill_ of staying balance using all of these inputs so it becomes natural that taking one away makes it harder to stay balanced. Had you learned to balance with your eyes close you'd be better able to maintain balance without sight. | dfb9c5e1-8964-4566-b401-6c2a541b19fa |
cbnje9 | Why is it that bees don't sting wasps? | Why don't soldiers with rifles shoot tanks? Because their weapons don't penetrate. A bee simply can't jam a stinger through a wasp's exoskeleton. | 172f2e1c-6fb6-4808-8da2-fa1c8286cc1a |
cbnkyx | How is it cheaper to mass produce common items like underwear/undershirts in countries across the world and then pay to ship them internationally to the US for selling, instead of just doing it all inside the US. | Because the most expensive part of the manufacturing process is labor, and labor is much cheaper in other countries than in the US. Transportation on a ship over the ocean is dirt cheap, so that doesn't really change the situation. | 1c7f9bf2-d239-4cb1-8e27-1ad8067a1878 |
cbnl2q | Why are we more susceptible to laughing in situations we know laughing should be prohibited? | I don't know, but I have a theory. In cases where the joke involves someone getting hurt, maybe we laugh to tell ourselves that it's okay, because sub-consciously we symphathize with that person and can *feel* their pain (Theory of Mind). So by laughing we make light of it and ignore the negative feelings that someone else's pain creates. | 11883a68-d104-416f-8065-57279fb97899 |
cbnrnm | How do music/entertainment companies accurately track royalties? For example, how do they know how many times a song is played and where to calculate the payments? | Radio and tv broadcasters keep a play log, report the usage to ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers), and BMI (Broadcast Music, Inc.) and then pay them per broadcast play.
Entertainment establishments and retail outlets pay an annual ASCAP/BMI blanket fee that pays for any music played in their building. | 79fb10aa-3eac-4dc1-88af-bb31deea0a07 |
cbo247 | Why does it hurt when someone throws sea water in your eyes but you can open your eyes underwater without any pain or discomfort whatsoever. | According to who?
You?
What applies to you does not apply to everyone. This doesn't belong in ELI5. | 2f2a0600-480b-42db-835a-bef02eb38d51 |
cbo6qv | Why does getting salt in a wound hurt so much? | Salt is very hydrophillic, which means that it likes to attract water. If you fill a small plastic baggy with salty water, then place it in fresh water, you'll come back to find that the bag has puffed up and now has more water in it than before--this is because the less salty water moved towards the saltier water, trying to reach a balance between them.
The same thing will happen to your tissues--if you put salt against a wound, it will suck water from the tissues in the wound, which does not feel pleasant. | f4fe22f3-3dbc-4853-aa8b-015177f41172 |
cbo9op | why is online piracy called piracy? | The use of the term "pirate" for someone who infringes on exclusive creative rights predates modern copyright law.
In 1557, the Stationers' Company of London received a royal charter giving them a monopoly on publication. Those who violated the charter were labelled as pirates as early as 1603.
Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term piracy in relation to copyright infringement.
Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." | bda46c77-b6c1-4885-af56-d3563990c2d2 |
cbodrk | Why is the atomic structural integrity not affected that much when a material is say broken, torn, cut, stripped, etc. - as in the atoms at the very end of the new piece may have their bonds broken right? | Nope, think of it like lego. If you have a long chain of lego and then break it. The pieces don’t break when you hit it with stuff. The scale difference between the atomic level and the level we can see is such that using the sharpest knife we can make its like hitting lego with a baseball bat. | 84475751-08a6-434a-bc6e-8ea2b5536120 |
cbolak | Why haven’t motorcycles transitioned into being automatic like cars? | There are some bikes with DCT, but not many. Automatic transmissions are a good bit larger and heavier than manuals, and in motorcycles being lighter is almost always the goal. Also, you have much more control and feel when you can feather the clutch. Last point, it’s way more fun to bang through the gears and have total control of where you’re riding in the rev range. | e52bad79-9192-45d3-8863-5a8b9f9833fe |
cbom9h | Are the real dangers to 5G? If so, what are they? | No. Radio transmissions are not ionizing radiation and do not have any measured effect on the human body. Standing in the shade exposes your body to more radiation. | ca2ef17c-09fe-43b1-901a-c795a2500da3 |
cboo55 | How can heat sensors detect heat from a distance? | You know how when you heat up stuff it starts glowing red or orange? Actually everything is constantly glowing. It's just that cooler things glow with a colours humans can't see (in the infrared section of light).
Heat sensors basically see in this colour range, then they translate the colour into the human range. They can detect heat from a distance the same way you can see from a distance. They are just detecting a frequency of light that humans can't. | 6fc41965-20a5-4885-a1fe-7b808982eb7a |
cbozix | Why do magnets work better when they're cold? | Permanent magnets are the product of some carefully aligned bits within the substance.
First, individual atoms near each other have to line up so their magnetic moments are aligned. If they aren't aligned, the moment of one atom will cancel any in the opposite direction so the overall effect is that there is no overall magnetic field. Those atoms form groups called *domains*, which each have their own magnetic moment. Again, if the domains aren't aligned, they cancel each other out and the whole piece does not have a magnetic field.
When the substance is cold, the atoms and the domains are frozen in place. If they're already aligned, they stay that way. If the substance is heated, the atoms start bouncing around more, which gives them chances to reorient and fall out of alignment with the atoms next to each other. Eventually, all that random bouncing makes the atoms end up with random orientations towards each other, which means their magnetic moments aren't aligned and cancel each other out. | ba07cd94-368e-45e1-a8be-e79dfaf756c1 |
cbp4k1 | why do ice cream cones have the grid of squares at the bottom inside, no matter the brand? | That gives the bottom additional strength without needing excess material. It's kind of like adding [I-beams](_URL_0_) to the bottom of the cone. Otherwise, it would quickly start to fall apart, especially as the icecream melted and got the cone wet.
It's a good solution to a problem that all ice-cream cones have, so pretty much all brands have converged on that same solution. | 51b3acfc-dda4-4a95-bb20-d22ab22149e4 |
cbp8de | How do we go so long without eating after sleeping for several hours, but don't feel relatively hungry? | It really is dependant on what your body is used to and your definition of hunger. Some people feel hungry pretty quickly because they eat right after they get up so their body tells them to eat because it is used to it. Other people don't really feel hunger until much later in the day. Some people also define hunger as the desire to eat rather than the actual feeling of hunger. There is also the factor of supper. In America at least, we have the culture of eating a large meal late in the day which the body usually doesn't get to expell until the next day so it doesn't have room for more food until after a poop. | cdbc555a-2393-421e-afe5-caa944eb161a |
cbpalo | How do refrigerated/freezer trucks keep their batteries from dying quickly? | The trailer has a separate fuel source for the trailer. Basically, fuel feeds generator, generator runs ac. | 1473a158-35c9-4a3b-a924-f5d1a60f09c5 |
cbpdgv | what makes things more easily breakable than others? | Things tend to break because the pressure on them exceeds the maximum pressure which they can take. This means that, in order to make something harder to break, you can either increase the maximum pressure something can withstand or decrease the maximum pressure that something is subjected to. "Strong" metals, including most steels that you will find, can withstand a good whacking because they bend a little bit, which reduces the maximum pressure they experience by spreading the impact out over time. These materials can also withstand relatively high pressures. Glass on the other hand, while it can withstand rather high pressures, does not bend at all, which is why it is so prone to shattering when dropped (but you would have a difficult time breaking it with your hands). Conversely, some plastics can bend quite a bit but are not very strong. This means that you can break them in your hands relatively easily, but impacts like dropping them do relatively little harm. | b0308366-2423-463a-b606-f1748ae6181d |
cbpfql | Why do elevators sometimes sound a constant alarm while closing the doors super slowly after people get on, but then return to operating normally after that? Does it have to do with the weight limit? | Usually, this happens when the door has been held open for too long. The long alarm is the elevator's way of saying "I'm closing and I'm not waiting for anyone to get out of the way, so get out of the way." The super-slow closing is to allow people to get out of the way once the elevator has asserted that it's closing no matter what's in the doorway. | e7e029f9-09b3-48a1-8103-1436376ae108 |
cbpftp | Why do some drugs come in pill form and not liquid? Why must in be ingested in this form and not broken down/dissolved? | There can be a few reasons. Some drugs taste very bad so are much more pleasant to take as a pill. Some drugs are more stable and last longer if they're in pill form because reactions that degrade them happen more rapidly in solution. Some pills are designed to release the drug in a specific part of the digestive tract to optimise drug delivery/prevent damage to the drug or the stomach. Sometimes pills can be designed to release the drug over an extended length of time. People are also much more likely to mis-dose liquid drugs than they are with pills.
On the other hand, you may want a liquid drug if you want something that's very easy to take (this can be very important if patients may have difficulty or find it painful to swallow). You may also want a liquid if your drug is targeting the oesophagus and stomach linings, as it will coat them when swallowed. Some drugs are also just much faster acting in liquid form as they may be hard to dissolve, so pre-dissolving them means they are more easily available to the body.
Price can also be a factor, as manufacturing/transport/storage costs vary significantly between pills and liquids. A lot of the time having a drug be 1/8 of the price is more important than having it be "perfect" in how it's delivered. | 752b7ec4-ea04-4dca-9713-2457073b5512 |
cbph3r | How is the US the richest country in the world but still has homeless people who have to defecate on the streets? | Wealth inequality and a lack of social safety nets. There's a lot of wealth in the country, but that doesn't mean everyone is wealthy. A lot of that wealth is concentrated in just a small group. So some people are still very poor, or suffer from mental illness issues that make it so they can't maintain a job or housing. There's not sufficient government or charitable capacity to help all these people, so they live in poverty. | e2fbbf2c-b07a-4672-aac6-86bbc0d79252 |
cbptv1 | What is a Gödel sentence? | There's some pretty deep logic that goes way beyond ELI5 and would be needed to really understand this, but I'll give the intuition a go. Please bear with me - this won't be short, but I think it will only contain concepts that are within reach.
& nbsp;
A *formal language* in this context has a couple main components:
1) A set of statements that are assumed to be true. For example, "adding zero to any number gives you the same number back".
2) A set of rules that let you take one or more true statements and create new true statements from them. For example, maybe we have a rule that says we can combine sentences like "A < B" with "B < C" to create the new sentence "A < C" which is also true.
3) By combining these things, the language "is expressive enough" to model basic arithmetic. This goes a bit beyond ELI5, but it pretty much means that we aren't interested in super simple languages where the universe of true sentences you can make is small or uninteresting.
Formal languages are very useful. We use them to do basically all math. But they always have a limitation:
& nbsp;
*There are some sentences, which the formal language can arrive at, which are true or false, and you and I can prove that they are true or false, but we cannot ever prove that they are true or false by just using the formal language itself.*
The way this happens involves some pretty deep reasoning, but at the surface the important thing is that these sentences say something *about the formal language itself*.
It turns out that any in any formal language (that satisfies (3) above), we can end up writing sentences that reference themselves or other sentences, and the language itself. Sentences can say something like "The sentence S can be proven true using this formal language."
& nbsp;
So how do we mess with this? It's not unlike saying "this statement is false", but that isn't quite enough. Instead, Godel sentences say "if you use the formal language, and take the following steps by applying the inference rules, [steps go here], the result will be a sentence that cannot be proven true in the formal language". And the trick is that if you do all those steps, you get exactly that sentence out, steps and everything.
The language doesn't know what to do here. The whole point was that if you keep applying inference rules, you get new true sentences. So the formal language thinks our sentence is true. But if it is true, then its content says that it cannot be proven true by the language.
& nbsp;
We can see from the outside that the sentence is true. If you do all those steps, you get a statement that the language can't prove to be true. But the language itself can't prove that! | 1ca46f78-7801-4475-9864-894ddd2146a1 |
cbq1gm | How did the Egyptians find or extract yeast to use in their bread? | Ooh ooh! I know this one! There is yeast everywhere! Not surprisingly yeasts that are good at digesting wheat are naturally found on wheat so you get a little Jumpstart there.
However, you can cultivate wild yeast by leaving a bowl containing a slurry of flour and water exposed to open air for a few hours to collect airborne yeast then and adding more water and flour daily for a few days. This is "sourdough" starter. It doesnt rise as quickly or as evenly as "active" yeast but it develops a more interesting flavor.
Once you have a sourdough starter you just keep adding flour and water to replace what you take and you can keep a starter alive forever. | c74e22ab-504f-450a-a54d-4501179909b2 |
cbq31y | - what is Earth overshoot day, and what does it mean once we pass it? | It's the point at which we've used more resources in a year than the Earth can support and regenerate in that year. Think of it like this: you have $1,000 to spend and one month to spend it. If you spend it all before the last day of the month, you've overshot your spending. The day you spent the last dollar is the overshoot day.
It's not actually an exact day that we can calculate, but it's meant to be illustrative of the fact that we're depleting our natural resources and are lot living in any sustainable way. | 60a73fb9-fe82-4c03-bac1-58db5ee7229c |
cbqcoj | How do elevators work when the facility is busy? When there are multiple elevators how do they coordinate? | Many systems follow a fairly simple logic that could be described as "first try to send a idle car to fill a request, otherwise wait until a car passes be the floor in the desired direction".
There are more complex systems, such as destination dispatch systems (where you enter the destination floor instead of pressing a direction button) that can try to keep track of how many passengers are going where and intelligently assign cars to try to prevent overcrowding situations. | 5c1c340a-011c-4222-b03a-22523a4bc9e7 |
cbqmzi | What happens when a plane or helicopter gets struck by lightning while it's flying? | "It is estimated that on average, each airplane in the U.S. commercial fleet is struck lightly by lightning more than once each year. In fact, aircraft often trigger lightning when flying through a heavily charged region of a cloud. In these instances, the lightning flash originates at the airplane and extends away in opposite directions. Although record keeping is poor, smaller business and private airplanes are thought to be struck less frequently because of their small size and because they often can avoid weather that is conducive to lightning strikes."
_URL_0_
Apparently the last plane to be destroyed by lightning was in 1967 when the fuel tank ignited. | e41a03cf-0cbf-402d-b840-9def1d729966 |
cbqo78 | How do jellyfish mate? | There are many different types of jellyfish, so there isn't necessarily a single answer that applies to all of them. Like pretty much all animals, jellyfish produce sperm and eggs, and in most (but not all) species there are distinct male and female sexes. The sex organs are often pretty easy to see, as in [moon jellyfish](_URL_4_) which have four circular gonads. Many species don't really "mate" exactly, but instead just release eggs and sperm into the water where they meet, so fertilization happens externally. They often coordinate this process based on daily cycles so that all jellyfish of the same species do this at the same time ([source](_URL_8_)). However, some species like the aforementioned moon jellyfish do have females take in sperm and fertilize their eggs internally, after which they temporarily hold on to the [fertilized eggs](_URL_7_) before releasing them ([source](_URL_2_)). Finally, a small minority of jellyfish do have something more akin to "one-on-one" mating, where males directly transfer sperm to females. One example of this is [box jellyfish](_URL_3_), where the males pass sperm into the female's mouth for fertilization (it's not like they have a uterus or anything), and females then lay strands of embryos mixed with stinging cells for protection ([source](_URL_5_)).
I also want to point out though that in some ways, mating is the *least* interesting part of the life cycles seen in some jellyfish, since it's not really all that different from many species we're more familiar with. Most true jellyfish are also capable of asexual reproduction, and have something called "[alternation of generations](_URL_0_)". Essentially, the larva that develops as a result of sexual reproduction settles down on a surface and grows into a polyp. From there, rather than growing up into a single individual as you might expect, the polyp starts reproducing asexually (i.e., by growing and splitting apart). The polyp basically turns into a [chain of attached baby jellyfish](_URL_6_) (all of which are genetically identical) that pop off one at a time in a process called "strobilation"; here's a [cool video](_URL_1_) of this in action. | d9ee6bc7-f4c7-4beb-902d-e0d3547dec4a |
cbqssa | We do we sometimes not crave specific foods, but at other times we crave that same food? | It all comes down to what nutrients your body needs. Take an orange, for instance (not the best stand-in for a taco, but it'll work.) Oranges are high in Vitamin C, so if your body starts running low on Vitamin C, that orange you pass in the grocery store is suddenly going to look *really* good. If your body really needs fat and salt, you're going to be rushing for whatever's the closest source of fat and salt, even if you don't feel that hungry. The same goes for protein, sugars, any vitamin or mineral, antioxidants, folate, or anything else your body needs. It's even true with water; if you're slightly dehydrated but you don't feel thirsty (like an astonishing number of people in the US today,) and someone sets down a glass of water and you take even one sip, that water will be gone before you have any idea what just happened, because your body knows that it needs it.
That's also why pregnant women have such bizarre cravings; they're building a human, and as soon as they need some different building blocks to work with, their bodies start screaming for something that has that thing in it (like pickles and milk duds, which is one that I heard that might be apocryphal.)
That's the normal way that cravings work, and it's the way yours likely works assuming that Taco Bell doesn't put anything in their food to increase the addictive appeal of it. But, nah, all fast-food places are upstanding and honest, right? No one puts crave-inducing agents in anything they're trying to sell a lot of.... Nope, not ever. | 331cfe10-4aeb-4f35-a6a1-a7dfde192339 |
cbquzf | Why in old films of NASA and USSR rocket launches do the NASA engines emit yellow flames and USSR 's are blue? | It could be the fuel as almost all US rockets use liquid oxygen + kerosene which results in yellow glowing exhaust due to all the carbon left in it. Though the most used Russian launch vehicles were/are from the R-7 family that use the same fuel and generally their exhaust looks the same, Russian Proton rockets use nitrogen tetroxide + hydrazine which does burn in a more clear flame. | 65882471-a9fb-41ec-8b33-2a3b3746da86 |
cbqw0f | Why is there more visible smoke when people vape compared with regular cigarettes? | Vape liquid has chemicals that hold on to water very well. It's the same chemicals used in fog machines. Cigarette smoke it's just small soot particles | 0ca77d7c-5338-41a0-9eec-ffa292b5f776 |
cbr473 | Do animals have favorite foods? | Yes they do bc my bunny doesn't care what you are eating unless it happens to be a banana then he's all over you for that tasty treat. My other bun i had would steal your apple sauce pouch right out of your hand and hide with it bc that was his fav. | a24ee405-c899-40a4-9d22-3457e1e61632 |
cbr8i0 | How Do Dishes on the Top Rack Get Clean? | Most dishwashers have 2 spray bars, one in the base and one under the top rack. The one in the base does the bottom ones, the one under the top rack does the top ones. | d507baa4-c4df-412f-9cb4-d6fe851916ff |
cbrhhl | Question about Epilepsy and Seizures | depends on the kind of epilepsy they have (read: where they originate in the brain, can be unknown) and the types of seizures they experience most. there are two types of seizures: partial (formerly petit mal) and tonic-clonic (formerly grand mal) and both are triggered by various things. triggers can include stress (mine, personally), fever, sleep deprivation, not just flashing lights (though i can get headaches from them.)
if its from their POV, in my experience, all it is is an aura (bad feeling, hallucinations) loss of balance,ability to talk, and loss of fine motor control before blacking out completely. upon waking, pounding headache and a "surprise" (torn up tongue, wet pants, bruising swelling or sprained limb, ive heard of people foaming at the mouth)
now if its from someone elses POV or an omniscient POV, what they see could range from "spacing out" (staring at nothing and unresponsive) to (personal experience) collapsing to collapsing with the body locking up on one side to the well known violent convulsing (may be only one side of the body, may be both) and sometimes walking around but im pretty sure that last one isnt very common as its only happened to me once that ive been told of.
tl;dr sorry for the info dump but this is everything you should know for the sake of writing put as concisely as possible | a3513ebb-423b-4f9f-8e37-aab7759ab380 |
cbrn6i | Why our heartbeat speeds up while breathing in and slows down while breathing out? | It’s called sinus arrhythmia and is a normal phenomenon, although it’s more common in young, healthy people.
Nobody really knows why it happens, but there is a theory that it is an evolutionary adaptation to match blood flow through the lungs to when it is most useful i.e. the heart beats more on inspiration to get more oxygen, and less during expiration because what’s the point? | f9213575-ef27-479f-be66-f5e8d0fb31a7 |
cbrpi0 | Term Life Insurance Policies | They do not for that policy. There are all sorts of mortality tables and other high end mathematics that the insurance underwriters use to come up with the premium price.
All of the premiums from all of their policies go into a pool. As long as the take in more premium then they pay out they make a profit.
Think about your car insurance. Say you pay $1000 a year for full insurance and do not have a claim until year 6. Let’s say you crash your car and do 2K worth of damage. You have already paid 6k so your has made a profit on you. | 53a047f9-554e-4827-9d7a-5967224bfade |
cbrv4x | Why are cups or plates the primary trophies in many sports? | In ancient Greece very fine olive oil was a common prize. Olive oil is transported in vases and ... cups. The image of the two-handled cup is very similar to the olive oil urn. Everything else is just derived from that idea. | 4dab5a3b-5428-445d-91fa-ebc0cc271816 |
cbs3j0 | Why is there sometimes a second smaller hole on top of some cans/bottles? | So air can come in as liquid is being poured out. It's so that the flow is smooth. Ever try to empty a milk jug, or soda bottle by turning it out thinking it will go fast and it doesn't, that's because it needs air to come inside. You can experiment with a milk jug or such, fill and pour out, then stick a straw up and in and allow air in as your pour, it will empty smoother and faster with air replacing the liquid. | 14dfa3aa-42ea-413d-a13b-a13ac5e04f5f |
cbs7ia | Some claimed that having hard of hearing is sometimes a side effect of ADHD. How is that possible? And what made them relate to each? | I'm by no means an expert in this field but I believe that these are two related but individual problems.
Being hard of hearing at a young age is actually a really common reason kids may exhibit ADHD-like behaviour; being distracted, not able to follow instructions etc. When assessing a child for ADHD child psychiatrists usually like to rule out the fact that they may be hard of hearing before giving an ADHD diagnosis.
So I don't believe that ADHD would cause hearing loss as a side effect, but that hearing loss is sometimes associated with ADHD behaviours. | 24df2e46-aa15-40cf-9e02-c8f451bf3f26 |
cbsi2b | how can phones be waterproof when they have so many holes (charging port, headphone jack, etc)? | Any holes, like the charging port and headphone port are sealed so water cannot get into the body of the phone. The seals are fairly thin which is why they are only good to about 5 meters, to much pressure will allow water to seep through. | 47e84f77-3773-4310-9ecc-4e82734b5ae2 |
cbsmc2 | what lobotomies were meant to achieve and how/why it was believed they would fulfill their intended purpose? | Mental illness was perceived as being in the frontal lobe of the brain, so if they kill the emotion area of the brain, or damage it, then they cure mental illness.
It's just a shame that it turned most people in to emotionless vegetables.
I guess that why electric shock therapy was used, to avoid making emotionless people in the hope that electric current would change the chemicals in the brain. As far as I know electric shock therapy is still used in some instances. I hope it's not, but. Yeah. | f17a06bb-60a0-4d4a-a193-72de7124b15e |
cbsphr | Why do most sleep paralysis stories involve the "victim" seeing some kind of demon-like creature? What makes the brain see these figures? | When you look at like almost anything that’s barely lit your brain tries to recognize facial features and you’ll start to see faces/body parts appear outta nowhere it’s fucking scary. So basically your brain nae nae’s itself | 65104094-d7ae-414f-8d9c-210db3287591 |
cbsvfq | Why aren't there more herbivorous fish? | It mostly comes down to the food chain. The land food chain involves lots of towering trees, thick grasses, seeds, shrubs, and flowers, all of which are large and can easily fill an herbivore's stomach. That's because of the growing conditions on land, which are mostly stable.
In the water, on the other hand, conditions are constantly changing with the current, the storm schedule, and a host of other things. Because of this, the most common form of "plant" matter in the ocean is algae, which is actually what most seaweed is. (Algae isn't a true plant; there are very few true plants in the ocean.) Because of this, most "plant" matter is *tiny* and it would take a vast amount of it to feed a single fish. What happens is that the "plant" matter (mostly phytoplankton) is eaten by tiny animals floating in the ocean (zooplankton) which are in turn eaten by small animals like krill, which are eaten by larger fish, which are eaten by larger fish, etc, etc, all because the ocean doesn't let very many large animals wander and graze.
Even so, there are actually quite a few species of herbivorous fish. The parrotfish family alone contributes almost 100 herbivorous species. Many tangs and blennies are herbivores, as well as, surprisingly, most species of piranha. (The red-bellied piranha is the famous carnivorous species; most other species are peaceful herbivores.) | 69415d0d-fc5a-4e6b-bf05-d0cf1df99c4c |
cbsxe1 | Why can an unexpected turn of events make us laugh? | Humour is a complicated thing to understand (and explain). BUT, what you're looking for might be answered in the incongruity theory of humour.
There are different interpretations; some say we laugh because "I was so wrong!", some say it's because of the absurdity of the unexpected. Something is so confusing that the only possible reaction is to laugh.
We're still not really sure why we even laugh to begin with. Again, some say it's for bonding, others say it's born out of relief (like when someone falls down the stairs but is visibly NOT dead).
The easiest way to understand it is that your brain has no fucking clue of how to react so it makes you puff air through your nose and slap your knee. Shitty answer but isn't that all of philosophy? | f69b8e55-47fa-47d3-bea6-0549604c9e3f |
cbtbz4 | Why isn’t plastic biodegradable? | For the most part, bacteria does not consume/break down plastic. Plastic is mostly degraded by UV radiation from the sun, which takes much longer. | 71e478a0-d883-4d1e-9a18-d015aff459a5 |
cbtcet | How background activity for apps on your phone works | Well certain apps need to run all the time in order to notify you of things.
For example, simple background activity of the Messenger app is the app just looking out for a message sent by someone else. Or Youtube keeping just enough of the app online the back to notify you of new videos.
Think of it as if you tried to check emails on a computer that is turned off: you can't. So in a similar fashion, apps need to be online to check for incoming data. And so, programmers have found a simple balance between the app being on and it being off. | 00027bf5-c6a8-4506-89ff-5a7d73d94227 |
cbtt2e | Why do you feel less tired after pulling an all-nighter rather than getting a small amount of sleep (3-5 hours)? | I’m pretty sure it has something to do with your sleep cycle. Getting a small amount interrupts your natural cycle, which could literally be jogging your body awake at the deepest point of sleep. Gaining energy after a disruption like that is really difficult because your brain is still trying to bring your body out of cycle. But when you pull an all-nighter, you aren’t interrupting your sleep cycle, you’re just preventing it altogether. Your brain isn’t trying to force itself out of sleep, it’s just continuing to function. | e697b134-5bcf-4c62-a9bc-72061d28e09d |
cbu7mf | . What are those traders shouting at each other in the trading pits on Wall Street? | Imagine if you and seller were negotiating the price of an item.
You: I'll give you $10.
Seller: $20
You: $12
Seller: $15
You: ok $15
Now imagine a different seller in same conversation with same item.
You: I'll give you $10 for it
Seller 1: $20
Seller 2: $19!
You: $12
Seller1 $18
Seller2 $17
You $15
Seller 1 $15 done!
Seller 2 fuck I missed out!
Now imagine there's 50 other buyers and sellers all screaming prices. The end of Trading Places. A masterpiece. | 368ebac1-66af-405d-9450-1a2201bf19d7 |
cbu7r7 | Godels Ontological Argument | The ontological argument is one of many, *many* supposed "proofs" for the existence of (a) God. Some of these so-called "proofs" try to prove the existence of the biblical God, others - like this one - only aim for a generic deistic God.
As you can probably guess by the fact that the debate over whether (a) God exists or not (let alone the one from the Bible) hasn't been settled yet and the fact that there are numerous different "proofs", all of them have some flaw with them, rendering them moot.
& #x200B;
As for this particular one:
The ontological argument tries to prove the existence of an entity called "God" simply by the fact that you can think about it. It can be pretty much reduced to the following, ELI5-compatible version:
"I can think up the concept of a perfect being, which I shall call »God«. A being that exists is more perfect than one that doesn't. Therefore, God must exist, because it is perfect by definition."
(The version you quoted uses terms like "positive" instead of "perfect", but that doesn't change the structure of the argument. There are all sorts of different phrasings out there using similarly ill-defined terms like "maximally great" or "absolute".)
There are a plenitude of problems with this way of arguing, some of which are more obvious than others. As this is ELI5 I am going to focus on the obvious and pointing you towards google with a term like "ontological argument criticism" or "counter ontological argument" if you are interested in more in-depth refutations.
The biggest problem here (and the main reason why this argument falls flat) is that the terms used are either ill-defined or subjective. Mainly, I could make the exact same argument and swap out "God-like" for "green" or "unicorn-like" and the argument would imply that "green" exists (it does) or unicorns exist (they don't). And a proof for God that works exactly the same for the Flying Spaghetti Monster is quite frankly absurd. | fdeb5b18-3552-47d9-8f69-8ea153da144b |
cbubz6 | Why do movies cost so much to make? Paying the actors aside how can it cost hundred of millions of dollars sometimes to make a movie? | Logistics is a big part. Building sets, moving costumes. Cars, props, people, supporting staff, etc. Is expensive. Modern movies like to skip practical effects and pay large digital firms to complete CGI elements, which is absurdly expensive. And is the reason some scenes are stripped down for cost. | f4bf5772-e145-44be-a593-3cd4b3750dee |
cbucud | How does the petrol pump know when your car’s tank is full so it stops the flow of petrol? | If I remember correctly, there is a small tube connected to a pump which continually sucks in air. Once the tube is under the surface of the petrol it will start to suck that which triggers a sensor which then stops petrol from flowing through the petrol pump. | 0e623135-da85-42be-9024-81fc79aa5ed0 |
cbuj3s | what does an irreversible MAOI do? | Monoamine oxidase (MAO) breaks down a lot of the neurotransmitters associated with mood disorders in the body to non-active forms. An MAOI inhibits MAO from doing it's job properly, thus increasing the concentration of these neurotransmitters in the brain. An irreversible MAOI binds to MAO and won't let go, effectively disabling the enzyme until it is destroyed, whereas a reversible one can be "knocked out" from the MAO enzyme to make it usable again. The biggest advantage of a reversible one is that it is safer in overdose than an irreversible one. | 5181abbe-d7b5-4b48-920f-cda2fc07998f |
cbumby | Why high level languages implement purticular flow control mechanisms? | If you want to perform the same set of actions lots and lots of times, you're going to want a conditional loop to do it, rather than retyping out the same block of code a thousand times. | 50d945e5-5545-4722-b6fb-8eeadfc682fd |
cburys | In the UK, how do ambulances and other emergency vehicles pay for petrol? | Each hospital, each police building and each fire brigade has a credit card linked to that building. When petrol is paid for, they have to get a receipt.
Whoever is the finance person for that place will send off the receipts to claim the money =) | 6f2e0085-00d9-4e22-a835-e4447eae4868 |
cbuymc | with Bipolar Disorder, how does the change in mood lead to disconnection from reality? | Bipolar, much like depression, affects how you experience the world.
When you are in a super SUPER happy point, known as mania, you feel like you can do anything. You feel and think that no task is too hard, and that you will just go ahead and do anything you want to. This makes you feel too confident, and gives you the wrong image of yourself.
These are the types of 'delusions' that they have.
Similarly, when they hit a low low low point, they feel like they are worthless, that the world is uninteresting, and that they cannot be saved. This also is not an accurate match with reality and in that sense is a delusion.
However, all this does not CAUSE hallucinations. Bipolar people just tend to have more hallicinations as another symptom. They are seperate bricks of the same castle. | 4a1bfb72-6255-4e3c-b0cf-ebea19a14816 |
cbv9rs | What is the process that enables our eyeballs to move in synchronisation? | It's a neural connection. In ophthalmology there are two rules: Hering's law and Sherrington's law. Basically together these two laws describe the way the eyes can work together.
Whenever your brain tells you to look right, for example, it sends a signal to both eyes to tell them to turn right. It sends the same strength of signal to both eyes, simultaneously.
This can cause problems if, for example, the muscles on one eye are weaker than the other. Since the signal strength is the same, but the muscle on one eye is weaker, one eye will move a lot more than the other. The brain doesn't like this so it increases the strength of the signal. This causes the "good" eye to turn too much, and makes the problem worse.
[here's a good YouTube video on it.](_URL_0_) | 78333bff-a190-4490-a4ba-1c85cb3743f6 |
cbvat0 | How do Flexible Spending Accounts work? | You designate how much money to take out of your pay *before* taxes, up to $2,600 per year.
When you need to make a copay, or pay for a prescription, or any other medical expenses that aren't already payed for by insurance, you use your FSA account to pay for them (some programs give you a debit card for this, others have you submit your receipts and they send you a check or direct deposit to reimburse you from your account).
Practically, you are getting a discount on those expenses equal to your tax rate, so typically 20-30%. | f3ec4643-1ca7-4600-b85f-4f26f0309614 |
cbvkzm | Why does sweating out a fever help you get better? | It doesn't really, but the advice isn't really wrong.
A fever is your bodies reaction to an infection. In short, both your body and the 'germs' infecting you operate best at 'body temperature'. By raising your body temperature, your body is harming both its own function and the diseases function, hoping it can 'outlast' the illness; it can accept the punishment if it helps your immune system fight off the sickness faster.
'Sweating out' a fever basically means *don't counteract it*. If you, say, put yourself in a cold bath to bring your body temperature down to normal, you're preventing your fever from doing its job of helping fight the infection. You are likely to prolong the sickness by doing so. The only exception is when the fever gets 'too high' and the fever is likely to start causing serious/permanent damage (usually to the brain). | a1ace946-7762-4877-b68c-aec63bc1c6f2 |
cbvm1j | Is there any legitimacy behind being ‘sobered up’ by a serious situation? If so, what physiological changes occur to allow this? | You're still drunk, but since alchohol is a depressant the "downer" aspect of the drug is countered by _adrenaline_. You're not more likely to pass a sobriety test, and you're still gonna crash your car, but you'll certainly _feel_ different than you did before the "sobering" event if it causes an adrenaline surge.
You asks specifically about psychological changes, and that is really just moving from a "i'm in fun having aloof party mode" to "oh shit, this is serious" mode. | e714866c-d8b8-4286-ab8d-0b59beac2102 |
cbw2tg | When a stock like BYND has a 600% IPO where exactly does that money go and how can the company use it? What happens when the stock crashes and the value is reversed? | An IPO is an Initial Public Offering, meaning that this is the first time that shares are being offered to the public on the market. When people buy shares during an IPO, they are buying them from the company and the company is taking the money. They can do whatever they like with the money. That was the point of the IPO, to raise money. After the IPO, all of those shares are now going to be traded between investors, so the money will no longer be going to the company, just between whoever is buying and selling the shares on the market, unless the company releases and sells more shares itself. | f997e154-c587-4701-a210-64d1955cdc76 |
cbw8v7 | Why are hairs over old wounds thicker and darker? | I'm guessing that they grow thicker because it's a targeted area of your body where copious about of healing resources (blood, nutrients, etc) were sent and thus the hair there is overdeveloped and beefier. My guess for deeper color would be since the hair is thicker it doesn't let light through as well so the genetically determined color deepens. Kind of like when cellophane. You can't see through the whole roll very well but if you pull a sheet the image clears up. | 6bf004f4-1ad5-46a6-9539-510e50c2eb60 |
cbwd4i | Why do some cuts leave a scar and others don’t? | A big reason some injuries leave scars is the depth of the wound. The more layers of tissue damaged by a knife, for instance, the more likely a more prominent scar will result. Also, some people have more of a tendency to scar than others. | 8a35eeda-47b0-47ae-9fd3-a91892f67def |
cbwgro | How does henna work? It’s on your skin for less than half an hour, how does the color stay for weeks? | It's a dye and binds to proteins in the top layers of the skin, staying until the skin is shed. It's not particularly different than any other staining dye, and is left on long enough to pass deeper than just the top of the epidermis which is quickly shed so that is it more persistent. It is unlike a tattoo which pushes ink deeper than the epidermis into the dermis, which is not constantly shed. | 148550a4-9008-4d8b-98a1-03d369e77024 |
cbwx0a | Why are there different types of zits? I.e. blackheads, different types of puss, seed-esque, etc. | Blackheads is just pores thst fill with dead skin, dust etc and culminates into a black thing.
Zits are basically where the skin has been ruptured, andd bacteria have been allowed to enter pass most of the dermal layers. Blood clots over hole, skins heals over yadda yadda, but bacteris is still inside, so white blood cells are deployed in a video game like scenerio to kill bacteria, begin long ass war. The white residue left under skin, is primarily dead white blood cells, bacteria etc. The reason why some zits grow so latge, is because some invasive bacteria have extremely high mitotic indices, basically replicate very quickly, and it takes the body a while to either develop or find an antimicrobial cell that can deal with the bacteria. Same with a cold or flu really.
If pus is different colours, it probs to do with the chemical structures of the bacteria, more rhan anything else. Or more simply, the skin might thinner or thicker causing cllour distortion. Think of the ocean, deeper you go the more the colour arounf you will change.
Idhac wtf seed-esque is so ill leave someone else to answer. | 23832ba5-3fed-4ba1-a738-5967e938569c |
cbwxsz | Why do shirts often have the big grand decal on the back and a small logo on the front and not the other way around | For non-interacting people, you're going to have your back seen more than your front. Walking on the sidewalk, people coming towards you will pass quickly while people walking the same way as you can potentially be seen for a while. Same if everyone is focusing on a common place such as a concert or sports event, you'll see way more backs than fronts. Thus putting a logo on the back is better advertising. | f269237e-b002-4f20-ade6-9dcf9a2dd2bb |
cbwzjm | difference between etiologies and risk factors: | In medicine Etiologies refer to the cause of disease, while risk factors are correlative factors that increase your risk of getting the disease but in and of themselves are not necessarily the cause of the disease | f5eb2a22-aed3-4136-af24-404857a056e4 |
cbx7h0 | Why do your peripherals work better in the dark than straight on sight? | Your center vision is made up of "cone" cells.. They're sensitive to color, but require more light to work. Your periphery is made up of "rod" cells. They're much more sensitive to lower light, but don't perceive color as well. So, in the night, you want to use your rod cells to see...hence looking at things out of your peripheral vision. | a2113046-fecc-4efd-87f0-d376a895a1db |
cbx7nj | 200,000-year-old Human remains have been found outside Africa, but Neanderthals were said to have been in Eurasia for a long time before that - Why were humans so late to arrive in Eurasia? | There are a lot of potential reasons, but one of the biggest ones is niche exclusion.
With Neanderthal already living in Europe, and then doing a pretty good job of it, it was very hard for other humanoid species to get a foothold there. Chances are there were several failed attempts buy other humanoids to colonize Europe, and it was only when Cro Magnun came around that they actually were successful. | f809761d-eda5-4c85-8fa1-05966c00af18 |
cbx7yf | How do organs know at which part of the body they should develop (left or right)? Are there people with 'flipped' organ arrangements? | There are certaian genes called hox genes that control where everything goes. All living things have the same ones just with slight variations of what is going where | 685c777a-81b8-4695-ae69-8e245b016c7c |
cbxjz9 | why does soda fizz more when poured into a glass with ice as opposed to one without? | The surface of the ice is rough until it starts to melt enough. This provides nucleation sites where the bubbles can grow more easily. It's the same principle as the mentos in diet coke thing. If you rinse the ice with water first, it won't foam up as much. Try also pouring into a dry glass vs one that you've just rinsed. The rinsed glass will foam less. | e1441ee5-91d4-4aaf-809f-ef2a60735909 |
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