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ccfax9 | Why do restaurants bother serving free bread/chips etc.? | They're small, cheap things that give you something to eat while waiting for your food. If you're hungry, you're more likely to be impatient, making you think that your food is taking too long to arrive. | 204d544f-d6ee-47e1-8799-7fcd1e2b56b5 |
ccfekg | Why do Bluetooth and Wifi use the same frequencies? | Because the FCC is who allows you to transmit over the air, they allow manufacturers to make devices that transmit in certain bands depending on what the device does. WiFi and Bluetooth are relatively new technologies, before this the 2.4 GHz band was considered useless because it couldn't travel very far and was susceptible to interference, and it's what the microwave uses. The FCC opened this band up recently (the past ~20 years) and they opened up 5GHz for the 802.11ac standard 6 or 7 years ago.
Companies pay thousands of dollars in licenses to operate radio stations, so you're not allowed to interfere with their transmissions, emergency equipment must rely on the fact that certain frequencies are clear from interference to work, the same for GPS and other aircraft and maritime navigation systems. So if you build an electronic device that transmits frequencies, it has to be in the range that the FCC allows. | c6d52d18-1ab7-4945-b6af-73888736a3cc |
ccfer6 | How can a photon have energy if it has no mass? | This question is actually really interesting, made me go and look for explanations a little bit.
___
As far as I understand, even though we think of momentum as something, that only mass can have, apart from the usual p = mv, there's also p = hν/c, where p is the momentum, h is the [planck constant](_URL_1_), v is the frequency of the photon and c is the speed of light.
This equation can be derived from Einstein's E^2 = (pc)^2 + (mc^2 )^2 together with Max Plancks E=hν.
But then again, how could Planck assume, that objects with a frequency, like photons, have a mass - Where is his formular coming from? Turns out: When shooting XRays at electrons, they get pushed away a little, which in return means the photons must have a momentum. This effect usually isn't visible, as the momentum of photons is really small (in p = hv/c, h is really small and c is really big, which results in a small momentum p). But as XRays have a pretty high frequency and electrons a low mass the effect on the electrons can be observed.
___
In case anythings hard to understand (english's not my first language), here are two sources I found helpful: _URL_2_
and
_URL_0_ | f9b951a2-5f8f-43a4-84c9-513819c6f181 |
ccfg05 | So what exactly is the connection between Nazism and the composer Richard Wagner? | Wagner wasn’t a Nazi, because he died in 1883, before Hitler was even born. But in his time, Wagner was a virulent anti-Semite.
Hitler and the Nazi Party loved Wagner, however, and the composer and his beliefs conflated with Nazism and anti-Semitism.
[BBC source ](_URL_0_) | bd18b8fd-bc25-49a0-be9b-c890a392c7ee |
ccflyi | Why are blueprints blue? Rather than black on white paper or any other color. | These days, they aren't. They are black printing on white paper like any other document.
The traditional blueprint was the result of an old copying procedure that predates photocopying by a few decades. Since most building plans you encounter are copies of the original drawing, the colour produced by the copying process came to be associated with the plans themselves.
The process by the way involved a draughtsman drawing onto translucent paper, this paper is then clamped together with a piece of special photographic paper in a darkroom. Light is shined through the translucent paper onto the photographic paper. This causes the photographic paper to turn blue except where the lines drawn on the tracing paper blocked the light. The exposed paper is then washed and dried to make the copy permanent.
The blue photographic paper produced sharper, more durable images than the black and white photographic paper that was used for black and white photos. However, it was blue and couldn't do grayscales, so it only got widely used in document copying. | 4470a9ae-7fcb-42f5-9581-08792bf491d8 |
ccfoci | Why does the heart rate that initially speeds up with exercise later slow down during the same exercise pace? | This is a good question, your heart rate spikes and then settles down but is still elevated for exercise. So, when you start exercising your body doesn't "know" how it is going to go, so in our lizard brains we are thinking "I might need a serious burst of speed to avoid a predator". Your heart rate spikes to give you the needed blood flow for a burst of speed. Then, as you settle into the exercise, your brain goes "Okay, now I am trotting behind an animal and I am going to be at this pace for a while".
This sounds silly, but it is fairly accurate. Humans are outstanding endurance athletes. We can outrun almost all mammals, including horses. Humans can keep going long after horses give it up. Not in speed, but in time. The fact we can run (and I mean run, not trot) for hours and hours is pretty rare. When we used to hunt game with spears, we would run until the prey animals had to stop. We didn't actually *catch* them with speed. | 5528a398-859a-4a30-9e4d-9d17145ffb61 |
ccfs9t | Why do horses have horse shoes | Wild horses untouched by man didn't have to walk on paved roads or other hard man-made surfaces | d8bf0792-a272-4593-b7b4-c709f01d5f89 |
ccfthv | If Ethernet cable can transfer so much data, why not use this instead of HDMI and other cables for data. | > So why is the Ethernet cable not the master cable of electronics?
You actually hit an idea that has been getting traction off and on for a decade or so. Basically, you CAN use Ethernet for all sorts of other purposes, including replacing an HDMI cable. Ethernet (twisted pair) could replace a whole bevy of different cables. Twisted pair wires work really well for a lot of stuff, they are cheap, and durable, and go long distances. It's a pretty good option.
The problem... well, it just doesn't work as good for certain special things like a specialized cable like HDMI does for video. HDMI is purposely built to deliver very high bandwidth uncompressed video, to achieve the same with Ethernet, you'd need a pretty robust system, heavy shielding, and likely more than one connection (i.e. two Ethernet cables). Side note: HDMI actually can transport data as well (much like Ethernet), but there has been basically zero consumer implementation of this in devices.
But could we replace a lot of "generic" cables with twisted pair (ethernet)? Yeah, we probably could, but there really hasn't been much interest to do so, and that the [RJ-45 jack](_URL_0_) is fairly large, makes it quite impractical for smaller devices, especially ones that may need several ports. | 1c895cb9-7311-411d-85bf-5c7888ea5138 |
ccfw9g | Why does the US have squatters rights? | “Squatters' rights” is a term that often casually refers to the legal doctrine of *adverse possession*. According to the doctrine, if you openly live someplace and claim it as your own, and you do so continuously for many years without anyone contesting your claim, then the property is yours and you can have a title issued that supersedes any existing title.
The doctrine has many limitations:
- You must “openly and notoriously” inhabit the property — no sneaking around.
- You must “actually possess” the land by treating it as an owner would, such as by living there and maintaining a house.
- You must possess the land without the permission of the (former) legal owner. You generally can't claim adverse possession by overstaying as a tenant. (Many jurisdictions have laws that make it difficult to evict tenants, but these laws are not related to adverse possession.)
- You must possess the land continuously for a long period of time, such as ten years, and the legal owner must not possess it during that period. (For instance, if you stay in someone's summer home in the winter while they're away, you can't claim continuous, exclusive possession.)
- Depending on the jurisdiction, you must genuinely believe that you own the land legally, or you must pay property taxes during the period of possession.
- You can't adversely possess public land. Homesteading is generally different — the government passes a law allowing people to claim unoccupied land.
- EDIT: If the legal owner finds out that you're on their land, and they object, then the clock stops. The possessor can't run out the clock in court, just like you can't evade criminal charges by keeping the trial going until the statute of limitations expires.
Why have such a doctrine?
- It protects people from old legal mistakes. For instance, if the house you own was wrongly sold a long time ago, it doesn't matter, because you can claim adverse possession.
- It protects people from mistakes in surveying or property lines. If you put up a fence around your yard, and decades later your neighbor discovers that the fence is actually on their property, then you can claim the land enclosed by the fence via adverse possession.
- EDIT: It protects people if legal records are lost over time or due to some mishap. If your house washes away in a hurricane, but you don't have documented proof that your great-grandfather bought the land a hundred years ago, then you can assert ownership via adverse possession and get a brand-new title.
- If someone abandons land that they own to the degree that they fail to notice someone living “openly and notoriously” for a decade, then they can't un-abandon the land and take someone else's home. | c70468d7-2609-4082-b3e2-02afd077612e |
ccfx1q | My custard/failed ice cream has been in the freezer for over 48 hours and is still liquid. How? | When you add sugar it keeps a chunk (about a fifth) of the water from freezing... in short it lowers the freezing point of your mix. Crank up (err .. down) your freezer a few degrees, or add some more milk to balance out the sugar. | abc13665-0696-4b8a-8f11-425fcf740c70 |
ccg10e | Why does nausea negate discomfort from high heat? | Heat exhaustion can itself cause nausea. Are you sure you weren't heat strokin' out there?
Your body automatically vomits when it's under sufficient stress because it can't really be sure exactly why all the levels are so off. Evacuating the system makes sure that you're not further poisoned if it was food related. | 4788c146-0d74-4214-b4b2-34ca977f11e8 |
ccg71t | How do public buses work? | Traffic engineers plot the route. Estimate number of people, how many buses goes where; and what time. The bus driver has a route, typically the same route every day, typically the sign stays the same. For instance, you might be going to your bank job 3 miles away, but you get on the bus that says “to regional medical center”. Kind of the way a train runs from city to city. That train will eventually take you to said city, but you’re getting off the train at some other stop. “Take the New Orleans train to Vicksburg” | 172f23b2-6559-477b-b7d1-7087472cb3cc |
ccga95 | Do animals that normally eat chickens also get salmonella? Or does it not affect them as severely? | Food poisoning is a relatively human phenomenon, for two main reasons:
1. The human body is heavily adapted to eating a wide variety of foods. This is great for when one food source is scarce, but it also means that we don't have generations of evolution and years of personal exposure to a single food source to immunize ourselves to that source's common parasites/bacteria.
2. The human body is adapted to eating *cooked* food. No other animal does this, and we have a relatively smaller and weaker digestive system as a result (we didn't need a big, powerful system and so we saved ourselves from having to over-invest nutrients and calories). As a side effect, bacteria that would have been killed in a stronger stomach simply aren't killed nearly as effectively. Normally, cooking makes this a non-issue (effectively outsourcing that particular defense) but when undercooked, we're especially vulnerable to anything hiding in our food.
Now, that's not to say other animals don't get food poisoning, but they either tend to not even notice that they're sick, or without medical care, they drop dead.
Mind you, it's also somewhat hard to tell if a random wild animal is sick with something, so actual food-poisoning cases among animals is a little hard to count. | b3d50494-8db7-4598-af9b-801cbdbf77ed |
ccgj00 | How do university admissions offices determine the validity of GPAs and transcripts for homeschooled students? | It depends on the type of homeschooling. Many are online programs that are just completed in home as opposed to in a school. So there are still standard tests that are taken to prove competency within the various subjects. Many of these tests are online proctored via webcam to prevent cheating and outside resources being used.
Many of these programs are state sponsored as well, so they hold the same weight as a normal high school diploma or at least a GED. | 12c7339c-7669-4db2-9a0b-c12c2cbaa8d6 |
ccgof1 | Why do a lot of out of tune people singing together sound not out of tune? Or at least not as out of tune as compared to if they all sang as individuals. | Your brain is good at understanding patterns, and what things are "supposed to be." If one person does something wrong, your brain says "that's wrong!" but if multiple people are doing different things wrong then your brain can pick out the "right" parts of the singing and focus on that. If everyone sang something completely wrong then it would be equally difficult to listen to. | 64d48e17-ba02-4a6f-af9d-5ab198a67382 |
cch2ey | "Detergents that kills 99.9% of bacteria" - What is that 0.1% of bacteria and why is it surviving? | A legal buffer so that if you do get a super germ, antibiotic resistant virus, etc you will not sue the company. Most of the time you are sterilizing everything you clean with it but if something gets through they can say it is not 100% effective. | 0acd9c19-0c3a-4437-9306-3dc92faf014d |
cch873 | If we go to the stars and look with a telescope can we see dinosaurs in earth? | If *we* go to the stars, no. It takes time to get there, and we'd be much too far away to see any detail like that.
But as a thought experiment, aliens living in a different galaxy (call it 65 million light years away from us) with a magical telescope able to resolve detail from here would in fact see dinosaurs on earth. | 4d7c16a3-eef5-49d0-ae77-b544920c58fe |
cchfar | Why do most guys wiggle their legs up and down rapidly while sitting? | This isn't just a guy thing, I've seen many girls do it too. I don't know why we do it but I've heard some do it because of anxiety | 75cbe81c-d36c-42b2-aac0-d086bdfa57c2 |
cchokw | Why can't the frezeer lower the temperature of the foods contiunaly? | Freezers use evaporative cooling which exploits the heat of evaporation and the heat of condensation to transport heat against a temperature gradient.
The properties of the coolant, and the power of the compression, determine how cold you can get something.
Water, for example, is a great evaporative coolant for temperatures above 90 F. It's awful for low temps, though.
Refrigerators use a coolant which works great for temperatures between 0 F and 50 F.
there are coolants there work great from -100 F to about 0 F.
Next, there's liquid N2, which can be used evaporatively to get far lower than liquid N2 temps.
Finally, about the best we have is liquid helium. liquid helium is about 4 kelvin (about -452 F). However, using the heat of evaporation you can use liquid helium to get down to about 0.1 K.
Any lower requires specialized techniques which don't work great on the large scale. | 703096de-91bb-45db-adc7-c7fa11d1d824 |
cchrmc | How do weapons get connected with old crimes? | Ballistics can see if a gun matches a shot, so if you fire a bullet and they have a gun they can see if that gun was the one that shot that bullet (I don't know how) so if they find an illegal gun in some form they will find out if it shot any bulltes that know of.
TLDR: You can see if a bullet comes from a specific gun. | c70b8924-f626-417f-b6e8-1bb28f9d9108 |
cchue0 | How were we able to determine the proton/electron numbers of each element on the periodic table? | Scientists actually worked backwards to discover this. The periodic table was created before we knew of the existence of protons and electrons. Initially elements were ordered and numbered by how much they weighed which roughly corresponds to the number of protons and neutrons in an atom, and various other factors.
We later discovered the number of protons in each element by shooting alpha particles, which contain two protons, at the element causing a chemical reaction where the next element on the periodic table and a proton could be detected. | 66787ad1-3d68-4c7e-9c83-65f36723155e |
cci9lj | why is there so much concern about humans overusing antibiotics, but so little with regard to animal feed and CAFOs? | There is concern in agriculture. It's to the point that antibiotic-free meat is used as a marketing point. I've been in a bunch of restaurants (even chains like subway and Chipotle) where the menu and/or big signs in the windows advertise antibiotic-free meat. | 4755bc46-1401-4439-b81c-e168d6939ade |
ccic6j | How do limos/party buses get away with open containers when it’s illegal just about everywhere? | Local laws typically include exceptions for certain classes of livery vehicles - provided the driver isn't also drunk.
You'd have to check your local laws to see if it's legal to drink in an Uber or Taxi, but it's almost always exempt for limos and hired buses. | d8c0d6c8-bc8f-44bd-8ca1-b02683993035 |
ccihzx | What are the laws for if a man gets a women pregnant but wants to abort the child, but the mother refuses? Is the father still required to pay child support? | In general, I think he would have to pay child support. You can give up rights (like custody), but you can't give up obligations (financial support for a kid you made).
Edit: although it would be up to the mom whether she wants to take that issue to court and demand child support. | d3a2291e-a715-4ab2-bcc3-e0d925ff994e |
cciqlj | How can drummers/pianists have completely independent limbs/fingers? | I've played drums for nearly 15 years. It all comes down to practice because your muscles need to know they can be independent of each other. Your brain needs to be able to differentiate the different muscles and actions that need to be performed at separate times, but you need to condition yourself to do it. Even now, after so long, learning something new requires time and effort. | 4847e9a5-1667-46e7-af6b-d699a8965e12 |
ccj2kr | Is organic food a scam? | Technically no. It is legit what it represents. The issue is farmers growing organically have to pay to have that certification. Some farmers don’t want to pay this so they grow organically but can’t advertise it as such. | c2080c31-5916-4eb4-bcd0-3fdef5656089 |
ccj74i | what rule/law says websites have to provide a link to let you unsubscribe from their mailing list? | In the US, the US CAN SPAM act pretty much covers this! In short, you must not send commercial unsolicited email (email you didn’t sign up for) without the recipient’s permission. You must provide an unsubscribe link and also display your physical address in every email you send. [US CAN SPAM Act](_URL_0_). Edit: Europe and other countries have similar laws as well. | 44860088-a067-4659-aa35-59ba9598e112 |
ccjcor | How are house numbers determined? | My dad was a cop, he explained how they worked in our town when I was kid.
Every block, the numbers increased by 100 so that the houses between 2nd and 3rd street were the 200’s and a house 4 blocks from Main Street was on the 400 block and so on. Odd numbers were always on the south or west side, even numbers on the north or east side.
This way, when the police or mailman or pizza guy or whoever has to find 207 North Smith street, they knew the house was on the west side of the street, 2 blocks North of Main Street on Smith and that it was the 4th house from the south end of the block.
Most towns in the US, and major downtowns too, are laid out similarly with the main intersection in town defining the 100 blocks and the houses numbered out from the center. | 6bfca306-cb1c-4a84-abe8-8afbf6db7c64 |
ccjes3 | Why does looking into bright light sources damage your eyes? | The lens in your eye focuses the light entering your pupil onto your retina. The intensity of the focused light hitting your retina is therefore much higher than the intensity of the light when it first enters your eye. This concentrated light can therefore burn and damage your retina.
& #x200B;
It's sort of like if you have ever used a magnifying glass to focus sunlight on a sunny day to burn leaves. Only it's your retina instead of a leaf. | 4b16c5a9-0ddc-4731-a26a-5118f000fa45 |
ccjqcw | what's the difference between organic and inorganic molecules, and why is it important? | Organic molecules or ones that contain and are based around carbon (although there are some molecules that contain carbon and aren't considered organic). On Titan, there's an abundance of simple hydrocarbons, which are organic compounds of carbon and hydrogen. There's predominantly methane (CH4, one carbon atom with 4 hydrogen atoms attached), and ethane (C2H6, 2 carbon atoms with 6 hydrogen atoms attached). | d2f55b3f-f3e9-4fbd-9d8b-20b719797d36 |
cck2u8 | How do they get the footage for ocean documentaries? | There's an actual documentary of how the blue planet was made and how they shot everything. I remember that for the deep sea shooting they used a small submersible vessel and they went deep into the ocean. It was like an ocean car which was used to shoot the part in the dark. And here was light but it didn't scare the fish. And also they had high tech cameras! | 524c82dc-cce4-4ce0-8b3b-4a95db7b274e |
cckg8i | Why is it that the average height for some countries are higher than others. For example asians are typically shorter.. | A large portion of it is genetic. Specific ethnic groups tend to be taller or shorter. But diet is also a large factor. Take North and South Korea. They are the same general ethnic stock, but South Koreans tend to be noticeably taller than North Koreans because South Korea did not have prolonged famine like North Korea has had. There is also some evidence (that is debated) showing that average height in some countries like the UK and US is going down in recent years due to dietary shifts to more processed foods and more sedentary lifestyle during the developmental period as a child. | d7a7638f-5ebc-42e9-b220-a56ac92d33a3 |
cckmi1 | Is there a reason the color blue doesn’t appear very often in nature? | Edited, because hoo boy did I get this wrong/backwards and wow I am so sorry folks. Don't answer science posts drunk, my friends!
For people who want the answer quick:
*Red* was a later color to evolve in eyesight for a lot of animals, because most plants are green and brown, and dirt/dead stuff is also often brown. Because of that, when animals were camoflaging themselves, especially on land, they evolved to be brown, yellow, or red. Because the animals couldn't see red, that red looked brown. However, they could tell the difference between blue and green because it helped them pick apart their surroundings (ex. A tasty plant is a lot easier to find when it's not the same color as the rest of the ocean). So, an animal that looked too blue in green or brown surroundings would stick out and be eaten.
The late appearance of seeing red is likely because colors other than green aren't super common in plants. This is thanks to the most efficient kind of chlorophyll, green chlorophyll. Even though our sun makes more green light than other colors, the light that chlorophyll gets energy from are red and blue wavelengths! That's why plants are usually green, is because it's the wavelength they reflect. Lots of animals *can* see blue, like dogs and cats (and us!). Even cooler, lots of animals can see light that *we can't* and have colors on their bodies for that. For instance, butterflies can have UV markings on their wings!
Of course, there are some animals that are still blue. Usually this is because it was helpful for them to find mates. For reasons still puzzling, blue pigments didn't generally arise in animals, and possibly because of this, *green* pigments are also very rare. Many of the green animals you see are actually yellow pigmented, with special blue structures built in!
This is because (for some reason) it was easier to make blue by making the light shining on them reflect blue with these special structures on feathers, scales, or even in skin like with the poison dart frog, instead of with a pigment. Any time a new trait arises, evolution can find some really cool ways to build those DNA blueprints that you wouldn't expect. This is a very good example. | f1dc7ba3-3f6a-4774-a66d-a2415cf194d8 |
cckq8e | Why is there no homelessness assistance for bad credit? | Landlords and property owners don’t really care about anyone’s personal circumstances. They care about whether or not a tenant will be a liability or a risk. They’re worried about protecting their property. | 5a06d977-7b13-4163-9ca8-50c8c4216d74 |
ccktub | How is body fat distributed through the body and why is it distributed differently for each individual? What genetic/environmental/lifestyle factors come into play? | Gender, age and genetics all play a major role in determining where our body decides to distribute our body fat and how much it decides to build up, but because of the many diverse factors like diets, activity levels and just general backgrounds, many people come in many sizes and shapes, and this makes it hard to determine the specific reason for its development and distribution patterns. Not to mention there are different types of fat, which can also determine how it is formed and where it is distributed. | 8d53a6ad-9ae4-44d9-8e77-d9a866fef393 |
cckvqf | when watching traditional TV, why does a split second of the wrong commercial play sometimes? | Usually it's due to a mismatch between their national and local feeds.
& #x200B;
Often with traditional TV the actual show you are watching is being broadcast nationally (or across a wide area) and just relayed automatically by your local TV station to their broadcast towers. But the adds you watch are sometimes tailored to your specific town/city so these are broadcast locally. Because they're on two different systems there's sometimes a lag between the two which is what causes this split second delay.
& #x200B;
You'll notice this is more likely to occur on adds for local companies because they're the ones more likely to come from the local broadcaster. | 09076eed-dd51-4b07-9b60-bd0b4df41588 |
cckwes | Why do people think there’s aliens in area 51? | The US military used to do some experimental aircraft testing out of the base.
Some of the lights and objects were spotted and wildly misconstrued. | 6093c23b-4be7-4b23-a31f-5dfb9e56fe5d |
ccl0h2 | How do medical examiners know that a victim was still alive when cuts/bruises etc occured? | Because cuts and bruises will look different depending on whether or not blood was flowing to them. If you're dead than your heart has stopped beating which means blood is no longer being pumped around your body which means any cuts or blows will look very different. | 20cb0bac-1bb5-42bf-a86f-8687e8999798 |
ccl4i6 | How is a "feels like" temperature calculated? | There are a couple different methods. The one I know best is "wet bulb temperature" which is measured by placing a thermometer covered with a wet cloth outside. The temperature this thermometer reads is a decent indication to how cold it would feel for a sweaty person to stand outside. This isn't a calculation, so much as a measurement, although you could probably calculate it roughly based on wind speed, temperature, and humidity if you really wanted to. ----- If you want the heat index, then there is a table that is used. It can be found in the following wikipedia page under the spoiler "Table of Values": _URL_0_ | 9b26b87c-6a72-4055-acaf-f606227ca544 |
cclemz | Why is birth control seemingly a cure/effective treatment for so many other feminine ailments, and how does it treat them? | Because a lot of "ailments" are related to hormonal fluctuations that happen during the menstrual cycle and birth control has hormones. It keeps them from fluctuating so much. | c1642f00-6917-4420-a20e-3e3e3fc8a41b |
cclo6h | What are the green dots forming in a water filter?? | It’s most likely mildew. You have to wash out the containers from time to time, or they can develop mildew. | c877da0f-4cd5-4b84-bbed-5fce3084decf |
cclqxs | I know this sounds really stupid but what is the difference in banks and why store money in savings? | Savings accounts pay u interest on the $ in ur account.. checking accounts usually do not. The amount of interest savings account pay u defers, but is always very low (but better then nothing). | d4d2e58e-4013-4389-afff-fcf0edbef1db |
cclryn | What happens to the wax when you burn a candle, and why doesn’t the wick burn to ash? | The wax is the fuel. It melts and, well, "wicks" up the wick. The bright flame is the wax burning off of the wick like any liquid fuel would. So the wax is consumed in the burning process. The wick only burns away at the point beyond where the wax burns off, as the liquid wax flowing up it insulates it from the flame. | ad0edf11-23c0-4cd7-ac3b-668a8a87efa6 |
cclszl | How do you position and move your tongue when you roll your r's? | I am kinda bad at it so take it with a grain of salt but it put the tip of my tongue on the roof of my mouth where the first bump is (is it called a bump?) then I blow out and it just kinda does it. I am sure someone else will be able to describe it better. | 0b591d72-7bd0-4c90-bd95-30dff0071a61 |
cclv5d | Mobile phone game ads where you can play the advertised game in the ad. How does that work? | It's the same as if you were playing a flash game in the browser. When the ad comes in, it loads this "flash" game, it's a specifically designed ad that allows you to play for 30 seconds and then it turns off to a normal static ad usually | d95cb224-0bbb-4828-b06b-2f857dfe490d |
cclvh4 | Why does drinking water make gum hard? | Gum gets more elastic when warm, water is colder than body temp, so removes heat from him thereby removing elasticity. | 4d0be640-3bb5-4308-8330-47acfd94d4fb |
ccm710 | How does light years work? How would explain light years in layman's terms? | A light year is a measure of distance. It is the distance light travels in a vacuum in one year. Light travels at 186282 miles per second(iirc) so take that number and multiply it by how many seconds are in a year and you have the distance in miles light would have traveld in one year.
Edit: too many per seconds....not enough hoes. | c0c5306f-bec5-438f-bebb-525a8459bef3 |
ccme1s | The sudden onset of type 1 diabetes and it's triggers | Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder. Something, often a viral infection, triggers the body's immune system to make antibodies that destroy the insulin producing cells in the pancrease. It's sudden onset because the body's immune system is designed to hit infections hard and fast. | 0c39eef0-29e0-44dd-8902-9c5bf64a2800 |
ccmh9s | Why does bird feces sparkle? | Bird poop sparkle because of the bones they eat from bugs. There’s this chemical in bugs called, “Chintin” which makes it hard for the birdies’ to digest | 9435b617-1496-4bd5-9784-9a962650ea91 |
ccmjkh | Why/how does Ibuprofen et al make you constipated? | Ibuprofen doesn’t. Narcotics do. They act on opioid receptors in your body. The effect you want is on the receptors in your brain. One of the side effects is in receptors in your GI tract (constipation). Another is decreased breathing/respiration. That’s what can kill in an overdose. | dd514e94-f888-4dbd-a4ae-0c539afddb19 |
ccnfjn | How does body clock work? | Our bodies have a natural internal clock (known as the circadian rhythym) that roughly corresponds to the length of a day. Per this clock, a certain amount of time is for being awake, and a certain amount of time is for being asleep. In other words, the circadian clock does NOT simply measure 8 hours from the time you go to sleep; instead, it, say, has the hours of 1am to 11am marked off as 'sleep time'. Therefore, whether you sleep at midnight or 4am, 11am is when your body wants to naturally wake up.
The circadian rhythm can be changed (jetlag is a common example), although obviously this takes some time. In general, it adjusts by only an hour a day. There's other factors too, such as light and dark - naturally, since our days/nights are marked by light/darkness, our bodies respond to light and darkness; if you keep your bedroom dark, you'll tend to wake up later because your body still thinks it's nighttime, and vice versa if you leave your blinds open at night so the sun shines in first thing in the morning. | 0ea6df0c-1687-47fd-8300-83490bb84e84 |
ccngfg | What does a "fast/slow metabolism" really mean? | > having a fast metabolism means that you get fat harder and vice versa
That's actually a [common misconception](_URL_0_).
> There is no evidence that obesity is related to slower resting metabolism. Resting metabolic rate does not vary much between people. Weight gain and loss are directly attributable to diet and activity. Overweight people tend to underestimate the amount of food they eat, and underweight people tend to overestimate.[376] | 928e76a8-fe45-4d4e-954e-ac2dc814e88b |
ccnn90 | How does an alternating current flow? If the electrons are constantly moving equidistantly forward and back, how is it travelling? | They do, but they don't really 'flow' in the way you think, the water flowing is a fairly poor analogy because it sets up our minds to think of electrons as if they are H20 molecules, but at the scale we are talking about electrons act nothing like liquid water.
[_URL_0_](_URL_0_)
They 'move' at about 1.2 inches a minute! So precious little of the actual power is done by the 'flow' of electrons. It is probably more accurate to think of the flow of electrons as a gradiant where when voltage applies the free electrons tend to move in the direction the voltage has been applied. Importantly, this is 'free' electrons, not the electrons that actually comprise the atoms of the conductor. The atoms in a metallic structure are packed closely enough that free electrons can gradiate through them, as they move along the medium they bump into the atoms of the metal constantly. | 56c04230-a610-4a13-9ed4-6504ce65a631 |
ccnous | Why does it take so long to manufacture contacts for a person who has a bad astigmatism? | They are made with your prescription strength but also with a weighted side so that gravity spins them to make them align to match the shape of your eye. Since there are so many variables they usually don't have your perfect set in stock and have to custom order them. That's why it takes so much longer. | 9978a787-86df-431a-a2e4-0d7c88199233 |
ccnqja | Why does caffeine give you physical energy (e.g shakes) rather than clearing up just mental tiredness? | It does prevent the feeling of tiredness, yes, and it's *also* a nervous system stimulant: it causes things like heart rate and breathing to accelerate, which can make you feel anywhere from "energized" to "twitchy" depending on your particular response to it.
Caffeine is technically a "central nervous system stimulant and psychoactive drug", if you really want to be objective about it. But since it's the most commonly used psychoactive drug in the world, it's "just caffeine" and no one really worries about it.
This morning's cup of coffee tastes great! | 6786d128-87d9-4209-a900-4101ec025194 |
ccnt3d | Why do some planes have their engines under their wing while others have them near the tail? | There are several reasons, such as:
- ground clearance. Smaller planes may be too low to the ground for underwing engines.
- Noise reduction. Engines near the tail makes the cabin much more quiet for the passengers.
- Underwing engines are usually easier to check/maintain.
- Engines closer to the center of the plane means easier to control on one engine in case of emergency.
- Engines on the fuselage means cheaper, simpler wing construction.
- As aircraft engines get bigger and heavier, they move under the wings for better balance. | 6bd35195-237c-49c1-acd3-f9a06c596b97 |
ccocvh | How can the furthest galaxy(GN-z11) be 25 billion light years away, when the universe is 13.77 billion years old? | Astrophysics graduate here (as well as current engineering student but that's less relevant haha) 🙋🏻♂️
So when we look at objects in space that are a certain distance away (e.g. 1 billion light years) that's where that galaxy was 1 billion years ago. We can also observe something called a redshift for astronomical objects because the universe is expanding, and this number tells us how quickly the object is moving away from us.
Using both figures together, we can calculate the _current_ distance from us within a decent margin - which seems to be further than the age of the universe. | 492b681a-bed1-47ca-bd35-47b26c096ea1 |
ccoy2y | how does a cowl around aircraft engine help with efficiency at high speed? | An engine provides power to an aircraft. Almost all of the power goes into doing mechanical work on the aircraft, pushing it forward. This work is exactly to overcome aerodynamic drag.
When you go faster through the air, the drag force becomes huge. This is because it goes up with the square of the speed. Twice the speed and you get four times the drag force. But the power goes up with force times velocity. So with another velocity term for power. Twice the speed needs 2x2x2 = 8 times the power from the engine! It's very important to have an aerodynamically streamlined aircraft so that you can have smaller engines, less fuel tanks because it burns less fuel per mile, and more passengers or cargo. So it is more fuel efficient with a cowling.
Engines have lots of bulky bits of metal (oil and air pipes, actuators, wiring, a gearbox with startup motor, fuel pump, and electricity generator. It also has big boxes that hold the Engine Control Unit and Environmental Health Monitoring computers, and big flaps that open out called thrust reversers).
An engine cowling instead goes around the outside makes the engine more streamlined, so the air can flow smoothly past the outside without causing too much extra drag. It also has heating on its leading edge to prevent ice build-up, and helps protect the inside. It also directs the air smoothly at the inlet as before it meets the fan at the front. It also has clever materials and shapes on the inside to absorb noise, because a noisy aircraft will not be allowed to fly. | 548c4362-d041-48b4-aa9b-f1acdc6777b4 |
ccph0g | What's wrong with the Icelandic health care system? | The same as every country. Too many people, not enough doctors. You run into the same thing in most American cities. | 1f5cf2ad-adef-4b02-a71d-a498aab317c7 |
ccpt1e | Engines | Not an expert on all your questions, but I’ll have a stab at it:
The gearbox (speaking of a manual) is full of pairs of gears of different ratios. Like a bicycle, when you use a bigger gear on the driven side and a smaller gear on the non-driven side you get more power (your top speed is higher) but less torque (you accelerate slower). To understand how the shifting etc works you’d be best looking up a howstuffworks video.
Fuel efficiency is a function of how hard the engine is working - as with the gears, when you’re traveling quickly you will usually be in a higher gear with the engine turning (relatively) slowly, and the power multiplying effect of the gearbox making it more efficient for a given engine speed. The other factor is that it’s very energy intensive to accelerate the car, but quite easy to maintain speed so cruising will use much less fuel.
A turbo is a compressor that forces more air into the cylinders, which means more fuel can be injected, which means more energy is generated in the combustion stroke.
There’s a generator (called an alternator) driven by one of the belts connected to the engine. The alternator produces power to charge the battery while the engine is on, which is why if you leave your lights on and have a flat battery it’s important to go for a decent length drive to give it a chance to recharge.
Engines are designed to be ‘balanced’, which means the forces of an explosion in one cylinder are counteracted by the force in the opposite cylinder (ie the front left and back right cylinders fire at the same time). When the engine is running properly at its idle speed or better the engine seems to be running smoothly, but if the rpm drops too low or the combustion in each cylinder isn’t equal any more (which can happen for a number of reasons, like spark plugs failing, the fuel/air mix not being right, or compression leaks) then the engine will become unbalanced and rock the whole car.
Clutches are several plates of high friction material that are forced together by springs to join the drive forces of the engine to the gearbox. When you push the clutch pedal the plates are forced apart which separates the drive forces from the gearbox and allows the car to stop while the engine is still running, or to change gears without destroying the gearbox.
There’s a heap of videos out there that can help you visualize how these systems work - I really learned how to drive a manual well once I watched a few videos of how the clutch works and understood what happens at each step of changing gears | ae6f1a8f-43c6-49e4-8132-e6ff36829dd5 |
ccpuui | my eyes burn at the end of a long day. What happens during sleep to fix this that doesn't happen if I just shut my eyes for an hour or so? How long is needed to refresh your eyes? | The quality (special blend of water, chemicals, and oils) of your tears decreases the longer you stay awake. This reduces the tear's ability to lubricate and coat the exposed portions of your eye while they are open, causing those surfaces to be in direct contact with air and burn like an open wound. If this continues for too long, it can cause inflammation of the eye or infection both of which could affect your eyesight.
Sleeping gives time for your tear ducts to recover since your eyes are closed. When you wake up after a full night's rest, you can produce good quality tears again.
As for how much sleep is needed, the best is a full night's rest. It may vary between person to person but an easy way to tell is how your eyes feel after a period of sleep. | c603e2f6-a283-4995-8c7e-3e867bda74dd |
ccpuv0 | Why do common household items (shampoo, toothpaste, medicine, etc.) have expiration dates and what happens once the expiration date passes? | With medicine it's because they lose effectiveness over time. They don't spoil or anything, just get less effective.
Shampoo and toothpaste are similar - they might separate, losing consistency and usefulness.
Basically mixtures can fail over time. They shouldn't hurt you but they might not be helpful.
EDIT: Gonna toss an edit as some people have chimed in and provided some really important information that might not get seen
Second edit: looks like I read about tetricycline toxicity in all of this and my brain went "Tylenol". My bad.
- Looks like antibiotics and prescriptions can fall into the " don't take past the date" group too due to over-time toxicity increases
- Some things might grow mold, like opened shampoos
Honestly the Tylenol thing seems really important, as I'm sure nobody would consider it. | 586c7855-308e-475d-858b-55ceda95ef00 |
ccpzvy | Cyber Security | Eh, generally speaking there's not much someone can do to you through a video game. Essentially, if they get your IP address they can try a Denial of Service attack, but at worst that just makes your internet slow/stop working until they stop. Otherwise, they might be able to muck with the account you have in whatever game you are playing, but that would require exploiting a vulnerability in the game servers themselves (unlikely) and there's nothing you could do about that anyway, since its not your stuff they would be hacking. | 7c7883a7-6456-4f05-ad0e-483e50a4085a |
ccq03z | How do computer machines/smartphones keep track of time? | Computers use an internal clock powered by battery/capacitor, and smartphones use data sent to them from satellites. This is why smartphones automatically change the time based on where you are on the planet as well as daylight savings time if you are in a region that observes it.
Edit; correction, smartphones don’t connect directly to satellites, but use the time sent to the towers by said satellites. | 1181424f-66ae-42ec-99c8-3bdc2034bdd0 |
ccq254 | Can someone explain to me what's in Area 51 and what's the hype all about. | It’s confirmed that it’s a test site for development of new planes. The U-2, SR-71, F-117 and B-2 were all secretly tested there. That’s not a secret anymore. But some people believe there’s also a large underground base there where they keep aliens, UFOs and the only existing copies of Shrek 5 and Half Life 3 | 4498947d-a106-4f46-b288-06064da75dfa |
ccq3se | Why do summer bugs only come out at night? | Well they are awake, they just like to be underground or inside grass all day to avoid extreme heat and hungry predators, and come out at night so they can find mating partners safely | 671018fe-cbc8-4006-878f-efe564541761 |
ccqdcq | If hot water rises, why does ice form on the top of water than the bottom? | Water is different from most substances because when it freezes, it does so in a crystal structure. That is, the water molecules form a specific shape with a lot of empty space in between, meaning ice is actually lighter than water.
The reason that hot water rises is simply because its less dense or lighter than cold water, but because of that crystal shape, ice is actually even less dense or lighter than much warmer water. This means that when you have a larger body of water, like a lake or pond or even a swimming pool, the ice crystals will rise to the surface as they form instead of sinking to the bottom. The ice on top also acts as an insulator, preventing the water underneath from freezing as easily.
This is important, as without this unusual quality of water, all bodies of water would freeze solid during the winter killing off all aquatic life immediately, and leave no liquid water for terrestrial life. The Earth would end up covered in glaciers too as there would be so much ice that even summer would be enough to melt it. Maybe the tropical regions would still have liquid water. I'm not even certain of that, as all that ice would also lower the global temperature.
So be thankful for the odd way that ice freezes! | a6c7f7bb-8618-4b71-a523-a6317fc3d686 |
ccqdkn | How is electricity made? | The simplest answer. Moving a wire inside a magnetic field causes electricity to flow in the wire. So, they burn coil/nuclear power to heat steam, rushing water, or blowing wind to spin a coil of wire between two powerful magnets (aka a generator) and create electricity. Solar is also used, but that is using silicon, which gets excited and gives off electricity (aka the photoelectric effect) when hit by the sun. | 7b5f2b1a-fe1a-4109-884e-57bdfe164318 |
ccqgqd | How do cops easily pick out the person speeding on a busy road with only a radar gun? | Well... Anyone can figure out who is speeding on a busy road, relative to the other vehicles around it moving at a normal rate (speed limit). The radar gun, let's them know the speed for the official report and ticket. | 9fb6e794-f499-4d47-afbd-c174d36f62b2 |
ccqq9r | Does the temperature outside effect rate of tanning? | No, temperature isn't what makes people tan. They aren't being baked like biscuits.
The relevant factor is sunlight exposure and a similar intensity will result in similar tanning reactions. | 1e178ad5-9b55-4835-abf6-52ab94b6671f |
ccqt4o | How do labor unions work, and why are they important? | I had this question a few years ago as well and the best explanation that I git for unions in todays market is that they serve best as a kind of a watch dog organization for workers to hold companies accountable and promote workers benifits. | c2f520a3-89cf-458c-a8c6-72602f26a14a |
ccqvov | How are secret government bases like area 51 allowed to exist? Since the government is a representation of the people, shouldn't any citizen be allowed in? | The base isn’t a secret. It’s there and we know where it is. Classified material and activities inside bases and organizations are to keep things secret for a number of reasons. Public safety, to keep national defense materials away from foreign powers, to protect the people working on certain projects, etc. it’s the same reason we don’t know everything the fbi or cia does, Area 51 just has to do with aliens.... or so everybody thinks. | 5be8e468-ff93-4854-921c-d5dd7acb6462 |
ccqxe5 | What is the difference a V6 engine that makes 200BHP vs 500BHP? What are the parameters that makes the difference? | u/niq-o is correct. Essential every change made to the engine is intended to better allow it to burn more fuel and air more quickly. Better fuel and intake systems can get more fuel into the engine, and things like turbos force more air in. Better components in the engine block itself (like camshafts, valves, crankshaft, etc) allow it to turn faster, making more bangs per second. And better exhaust helps get the burnt fuel away efficiently, making space for more fuel and air.
& #x200B;
All of this "add more fuel and air" has some consequences. The engine is now being put under much more strain and is getting much hotter. So we need to beef up the cooling and oil systems. Pushing the engine to its limit will begin to reveal any weak links. Some engine blocks are loved by tuners because they are known for their robust construction which allows them to withstand the increased power. High performance engines also demand higher tolerances in the fit of every component. Formula 1 (which is an extreme case) has the pistons so tightly fit in its engine cylinders that they are seized when it is cold, and must be externally heated before it can start. The internal components of an engine like that are all all cutting edge materials making every part much lighter and stronger than those in a traditional road car. | f91a599c-9e9f-4cd2-ab23-ba0425caf7d4 |
ccr23k | What is a waterspout and what would happen if an object or even a person was to get caught in it? | A waterspout is like a tornado, but over water. I've seen one before, and it's really freaking weird.
First, you'll see a cloud getting a spike coming down out of it, which looks strange, because clouds are something you never think of as spikey. Then you'll start to see the water below have a spike coming up out of it, which is even weirder as water is something you never think of as "spikey" either. Eventually the two will touch, and you have a waterspout.
The one I saw was in about the year 2000 when crossing the Howard Franklin bridge in Tampa. It traveled across the bridge and that broke it up and it dissipated, but it was one of the strangest things I've ever seen. | 12c2710e-0ac1-4c8f-a025-edbf63d25ca5 |
ccrnkc | How do unions offer better pay/benefits? | Because you pay union dues which goes to pay lawyers to negotiate pay and benefits on the union's behalf. A union has more leverage than you as an individual person has. | 3d9ebd97-eba5-4f46-91c7-bb9ec48993ff |
ccrq7w | Why do hotels have beauty bars, glycerine bars, moisturizing bars, lotion bars, etc but not soap. Because it's all soap. | Soap is actually a specific substance manufactured by reacting a fat with a strong base. Ancient soap was made by mixing oil or rendered pig fat with lye made by soaking ashes in water.
The "beauty bars" and whatnot you're seeing are artificial detergents mixed with some sort of gel that gives them a texture similar to soap. (Detergents are chemicals that latch on to dirt/grease with one end of their molecule, and water with the other end, just like soap does, but they're made in a lab with a different process.) I would bet they aren't called soap because they don't meet some legal definition of the word. | 36c4c0f2-1ebe-40b2-95a2-906a8ebcd30c |
ccrrh3 | Besides wealth, what other things seperate the upper class from the other classes? | Another thing I’ve realized with some of my wealthier friends is they are blissfully unaware about very day-to-day things you’d think would be common knowledge like how to do laundry or wash the dishes because they’ve always had someone else do it for them | 5e3a53a6-cc8f-41ef-8fb3-c67f6dd9b92a |
ccs3bn | Why does light seem to spin the opposite direction when it starts to spin really fast? | Your question is not really clear, so I'm gonna take stab at what I think you mean and you can correct me if I'm wrong. "Why do some things look like they're spinning the wrong direction when they spin really fast?" The answer has to do with cameras and lighting. Take a camera, for instance, that records at 60 frames per second. This means that it takes a picture sixty times every second, and compiles these pictures into a video. If you are filming a spinning wheel, then every picture catches the wheel at a different point in its spin. If the wheel spins fast enough, every picture is taken when the wheel is at the same point in its spin, so it looks like it is not moving - every single picture looks the same so it looks like nothing is happening. If the wheel spins even faster, it looks like it is moving backwards. Faster still, it goes forward again, and the cycle goes on. Now, that is why it is true for cameras, but sometimes you see it with your own eyes. This happens because the lights in your house work like camera shutters. The lights flicker at 50/60 to 100/120 times per second. Since you can only see when the lights are on, your eyes basically experience the world at 50/60 to 100/120 frames per second. It is especially pronounced with those long fluorescent tube lights and some LEDs. | 3635896d-3569-46c2-997b-3923b6d35c58 |
ccsb6y | How do muscles getting bigger over time from weightlifting and other exercises? | After a workout or other exertion there can be muscle fiber damage which signals cells on the outer edges of the fibers to mature and fuse to the fibers, often resulting in the overall increase of fiber thickness. The macro result of this is increased size and strength of the muscle. | ca0e1e32-0d67-45b1-afa5-505fbeab9054 |
ccsbpq | Why do people freak out over sugary drinks but not all of the sugar in food? | No a professional by any means but my wife is a type 1 diabetic.
She says if she drinks something with sugar in it, the sugar is digested very quickly. So the change in her blood sugar is almost immediate.
If she has food, particularly door with fats in it, it slows down the digestion and absorption rate of the sugar so her sugar level rises to the same level but gets there more gradually.
From what I've heard and what she says she can feel now more thab before the diabetes, is that the quick rise in sugar is what makes her feel unwell not the blood sugar level itself. | 7fcd0926-0e35-448f-bc35-3e03cef5dd61 |
cct0qa | Why do some swimming quarries have crystal clear water and others don't? Do they put chemicals in them and if so does it affect the fish at all? | Some quarries are filled with groundwater from the aquifers below the ground. This water is pushed up and through the rock and filtered as it reaches the surface. Others fill with water from spring melt, runoff, rain.... Limestone quarries produce that gem blue water due to the white flour like settiment from the rock in the water. | 0cafc0a9-0bdd-46b9-a6e4-8878509a344f |
cct7sn | What is suggestivism (art) ? | There's not too much info about it online, but from what I've gathered it's basically art that doesn't demand that the viewer analyzes it in any significant way. Seems like it's usually highly absurd and not focused on technique or ability, allowing the viewer to take it in as more of a spectacle or something to gawk at rather than a statement of belief. The movement is in reaction to the general tendency of contemporary art to be very political or aim to convey some high philosophical message that "you just wouldn't get."
Basically a movement focused on taking inconsequential ideas to full realization. | 1d6ab9a9-331b-468e-9353-45cf4f02e20b |
cctg4d | Since electrons flow from negative to positive, why are cars grounded to the negative terminal on the battery? | It really doesn't matter whether you use positive or negative ground. Some vehicles have had positive ground. The convention of saying that current flows from positive to negative was established by Ben Franklin before we knew about electrons. Conventional current flow is opposite electron flow. Current flows in a loop from source to load and back to source.
Interestingly, electron flow is very slow compared to the speed of electricity. It is usually less than 1mm/second while electricity flows at 50% to 90% of the speed of light. Electricity travels as an electromagnetic field. I like to think of it as one charge pushing the others along like a drinking straw full of peas. Add a pea to the end and one will immediately pop out the other end. | 8ad6e520-6155-4484-9af3-b5c9f1d39da5 |
cctmja | How do dehumidifiers work and how do they collect so much water in a seemingly dry room | I'm gonna blow your mind here: Gases can dissolve liquids. Air dissolves a little bit of water into it, which is another way of looking at evaporation. This dissolved water cannot stay dissolved if the air gets cold enough, and when this happens the water forms droplets. This is how rain forms, as well. Now, in a dehumidifier, air is sucked in, cooled down, the water droplets are collected, and then the air is pushed back out. On the way out, the cold air warms up while inside of the machine, and ultimately the room actually gets slightly warmer. | 703eb31d-e7ac-409a-a87e-457d2cba57cd |
cctwh1 | how does a bone marrow transplant work? | The recipient first has their marrow destroyed using either chemo or radiation. *Then* the donor marrow or donor stems cells are injected. The donor marrow/stem cells will naturally find their way to the proper location and set up shop so they can begin replication and producing new blood cells for recipient, and the recipient's old marrow is gone so there's nothing in the way. | be92706d-b48d-4f14-888d-ee046ae191fd |
cctymk | What makes blood a different "type"? | Our blood contains antibodies and antigens. Different people have different antibodies/antigens. Antibodies attack antigens of the same type. Blood type O has no antigens and both A and B types of antibodies. Blood type A has antigen A and antibody B. Blood type B has antigen B and antibody A. Blood type AB has both antigens and neither antibodies. There is a final important antigen, known as D, which people are either positive for (they have it) or negative for (they don't have it). This means that someone whose blood type is A+ has antigens A and D, as well as antibody B. | e38529d5-19e8-4529-9656-2342f199339d |
ccuf56 | The US obviously brings in a significant amount of money so why is it having a problem paying off its debt? | Government is taking the money that should be going to paying off debts or other useful things and speeding it on frivolous and sometimes illegal things | a6fc873e-3c04-4de1-886a-765e7a0876a1 |
ccuicz | Why are the signals to your brain for your bladder and bowels different? | The bladder has a more definite capacity, meaning it can only stretch so far. In the bowel, signals fire as the feces move closer to the exit point. These signals are telling you "hey, it's ready" more than "it's full". | 4f64ffd8-51a3-4fb0-a6cc-b554cdee24f4 |
ccuj57 | How does my soda contain so much dissolved sugar? | Heat the water and it’ll dissolve more sugar than when cold. Even when you chill it, it’ll still stay in solution. | beab8d41-0aaa-4d8d-94ef-c29255d8ec93 |
cculg3 | How are large-scale, intricate construction sites organized so that every worker knows exactly what and when to do? | Generally a single company is hired to do the overall site management. They set the schedule, organize the sub-contractors, manage deliveries of materials, and do everything else it takes to make sure construction proceeds. Each individual sub-contracting company will have their piece of the project schedule and plans provided to them, and then they break that out into individual tasks for their teams of workers. So when you show up to the site with your tools you know what your job is for that day/week, but you don't need to know the entire project plan. | b1f4996c-aa31-49fb-8006-7ab855fc5e0f |
ccuna0 | Why can't we use genetic engineering to inhibit cell growth/reproduction of cancer cells? | Cancer cells grow extremelly fast and have a lot of advantages over healthy cells. If you want to fix those cells you'd have to fix all of them at the same time. That's not an easy task. If you just fix a few cells at once the cancer cells will just keep on growing and those new "fixed" cells will just die anyway.
Plus there's a bunch of things that are wrong with cancer cells, and by that I mean a lot of mutations. It's easy to fix one mutation, but fixing a bunch of mutations at once... not so much. That's why gene therapy works for diseases that are caused by one mutation in the genome. It's useless against diseases with more than one mutation. | 780f39de-1498-4eda-ad91-61f6f956c46d |
ccv1et | How does a car radio "hold onto" a weak signal for a long time, but if you change the channel and try to change it back, it can't pick up on it again? | If you are using the seek or scan function there is a minimum signal threshold for the radio to stop on a certain frequency. It is designed to not stop on scratchy radio stations. In other words, "It's a feature!"
It only becomes an issue when your traveling takes you to an area where the signal is weak. It will always stay on a station once it is tuned in, no matter how weak it gets, but it won't tune back in due to the way it is designed.
If you could type in a specific frequency, or if your radio allows you to advance from one frequency to the next (88.1, 88.3, 88.5, etc.) using the "tune" function, then you can avoid this problem. | ca39b47a-d089-40aa-84a7-8531c3baa15d |
ccvqtb | How do concrete structures like dams handle the vibrations of passing so much water? | The main thing for the penstock is to design the thing to keep the water under pressure to avoid cavitation and then you're probably good. If the water pressure gets low anywhere, you can get voids which are filled with water vapor. Water can fly through these and come to a sudden stop at the end, leading to a massive water hammer effect with very high forces, and this is one of the main ways dams fail. It tends not to happen terribly quickly though solid rock or concrete.
Forces from normal turbulence tend to be much lower than needed to cause damage to engineered structures (as opposed to areas left in a natural state).
> shake like a washing machine on final spin
Yeah, pumps or generators can become unbalanced like a washing machine and shake themselves apart. There are large number of potential causes, but most commonly it would be erosion of the turbine or impeller due to cavitation. They aren't generally allowed to vibrate freely like a washing machine, so the actual vibration would be smaller, but you get the same type of forces. Just glancing around, seems to be roughly 3cm vibration at around 1.5Hz would be considered fairly large. I'm sure this can vary quite a bit. Obviously it would be a lot larger while the thing is shaking itself to bits. It seems that it would be hard not to notice something is up, but they've had something thought minor suddenly turn fatal when something breaks. | 2574e453-8da1-419d-acab-f7f728e1ade7 |
ccvrsn | Why are main dishes in the US called “entrées” when that word literally means “appetizers” in French? | Because among rich French people, entrees in the 18th century would includes roasts and and things that Americans at the time would consider main dishes. As time went on, multiple course meals became less common and the meat dish entree disappeared but because the main dish had similar food, the word entree transfered to the main dish instead. To a lot of Americans, the word had been mistaken to mean the "meat dish" basically and since the main dish was typically the meat dish, the term came to mean any main dish. | 446f2ec5-a3c9-4e28-9b4d-827a2fb9fc77 |
ccvsjg | How are files compressed? | There are lots of different ways of compressing things, but one of the most common that works for a variety of file types is to find repetitive patterns and remove them. For example, imagine you had a book where the main character had a *really* long name that came up often. You could compress the text by replacing the full name with some shorthand token, then decompress it later by replacing the token with the full name.
This works for images as well as text. PNG compression works by grouping pixels that are the same color together and representing them as blocks instead of individual pixels. So instead of storing "pixel 1 is 255,255,255, pixel 2 is 255,255,255, pixel 3 is 255,255,255" and so on it just says 'pixels 1-x are 255,255,255."
Another method of compression that works on many small files is to condense them into a single large file. This works because not every byte has a separate address on your hard drive, so a small file sometimes takes up more space than its actual size. For example, on Macbooks memory addresses are 4kb, so a file that's only a few bytes still takes up 4kb on the hard drive. This is why when you inspect a folder with many files the reported size and "size on disk" are sometimes different. When you compress all those files into one large file then they don't need their own memory addresses, so tiny files don't take up extra space.
Another way that works for images is to remove data that isn't necessary. For example, in a typical image each pixel is represented by 4 bytes with values for red, green, blue, and alpha. If the image has no transparent pixels then you can remove the alpha byte, reducing size by 25%. If all pixels are grey then you can remove two of the color bytes. If the image has a higher bit depth (meaning it uses more than one byte per color, allowing for more variety in colors) but isn't actually using any colors that require a higher bit depth then the bit depth can be reduced, reducing the size. | 85f09d7f-bc97-4781-9fc4-f50ebae70a5f |
ccvsqk | Why is the spread offense so much better than a pro style offense.? | I assume by pro you mean like 2 running backs 2 wrs and a TE. What happened was blitzes. It became more important that a QB throw a ball quickly than have a play develop in the backfield. To help the qb throw quickly more pass catching options got moved to the line of scrimmage so they could be deeper in routes before pass rushers could get to a QB. This also meant defenders couldn't blitz as much because they have to stay in coverage since now there is a more immediate pass threat.
The bottom line is QBs got better. They are more technically skilled than ever with friendly rules too, and giving them more options is a better strategy. More options entails more receiving options at the LOS instead of 5 yards back.
The other fundamental truth is thus: rushing like the 80s can still win but will struggle to keep up in scoring with an offense that scores like its 2010. There are actual academic math papers on this subject. What it amounts to is Pro Offense was about controlling the scoreboard by controlling the ball. Spread is playing without any control of the scoreboard.
Spread isn't always better. The Falcons would have won a Super bowl if they could have ran a pro style worth a damn. Instead Falcons could not stop running spread. The problem with Spread and throwing all the time is it eats up no clock and poorly executed plays have higher risk of disaster.
Good offensive NFL teams can do both. The usual formula is Spread early, get a lot of points quick, then Pro Style late and run out the clock once you have a fat lead. | 6d594fd1-f672-4ecc-a5dd-6f45ea92aed5 |
ccw4gf | How can someone sound awful when trying to sing, but when they talk, it never sounds bad? | Talking is not a thing where precise frequences are important. You can say the word "apricot" in a basso, baritone, tenor, contralto or soprano, it will still be "apricot" and nothing else. When you sing, however, you have to maintain the exact correct frequency, if you miss it, you will sing the wrong note. Music is mostly mathematical relationships between frequencies: consonant notes are frequencies with simple ratios, dissonant notes have big ugly fractions or even irrational numbers as ratios. You sing two notes and accidentally hit sqrt of two - the tritone instead of one and a half - a perfect fifth, and what was intended to be a consonance sounds like a painful dissonance. | 625d1f31-356d-4a54-a179-a4fb678ef0ec |
ccw9r0 | Canadian slang logie and oogie | I’m from eastern Canada and I’ve never heard of the term haha. I’ve seen the episode and I know he’s using it in terms of not feeling well. My only guess is that it’s a play on “loonie” and “toonie” (Canadian currency). Logie meaning not good and oogie meaning not goodx2? I have no idea lol. | 213d57c0-44b7-47fa-be28-5c04ead5e911 |
ccwjqu | Why when it's cold outside do you get a runny or blocked nose? | When we breathe in, our noses warm the air and add moisture to it as it travels down into our lungs. Cold, dry air irritates your nasal lining, and as a result, your nasal glands produce excess mucus to keep the lining moist. Or at least that's what I could find on the internet, hope it hepls. | 1717eb25-140c-4935-bc27-51a8f709227b |
ccwjsd | why do some movies get completed and then not released for sometimes several years? | Depends. There are *tons* of factors that could make that happen. Unfortunate timing of world events, publisher release schedules change, lawsuits, or any number of other scenarios that could cause the movie to perform poorly if released at the time initially planned. | b1380982-0deb-4cb6-8398-74fe7859dc1d |
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