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ccwp10
|
In a car, how does the gasoline get from the gas tank to the engine and how and where does it get mixed with the Oxygen?
|
There is typically a submerged fuel pump in the tank that pumps the fuel from the tank that's (typically) located in the rear of the car and a fuel line that brings it to the engine that's (typically) in the front of the car.
In a modern car there are injectors that sprays fuel into a mist inside of the engine cylinder. The air containing oxygen comes from an air intake that draws air from somewhere in the front of engine compartment. The air passes through an air valve that's sucked into the engine cylinder at the proper time.
|
9d015cdf-76df-4843-a4c2-0fe7b11a29c3
|
ccwrhg
|
How do supplements like cinnamon and berberine lower blood sugar?
|
Cinnamon has not been proven to lower blood sugar. Some tests say it does but others say it has no effect. Tests seem to show that berberine has a slight effect, but no one knows why or how and it seems to have some negative side effects.
Supplements are typically supplements because they aren't proven to actually do anything. Furthermore, there is no regulations on them and if you go to a store and buy supplements you often aren't getting the thing you are actually buying because the company has no legal obligation to actually put in the bottle what they say they do. And many don't.
|
e58a71bc-df0f-437b-b34c-8e9770767fb2
|
ccx3xh
|
Explain to me concept that we and all things are connected.
|
Your question can have lots of different answers because it's very generalized. Here's just a few:
* All of the matter in the universe came into existence just after the Big Bang, and the heavier elements that make up our bodies and all the things on Earth were fused in the cores of very large stars.
* All life on Earth shares a common ancestor, and every human being can trace their origin back a couple hundred thousand years.
* Every action we take affects the rest of the world in small ways. The "butterfly effect" proposes that if a butterfly flaps its wings in China, that small movement of air gets bigger and bigger until one day there's a hurricane in Florida. If you're one minute late in the morning you might walk into the coffee shop just late enough to miss the woman you're supposed to marry.
* People who live far away and who live very different kinds of lives can still act the same, think the same and dream the same.
|
b7106ca4-aee8-441d-b7b6-e954d758b67b
|
ccxawz
|
Why do humans have such a fixation with the mouth?
|
The tongue and lips are extremely sensitive (consider how much detail a small scratch on the roof of your mouth has when felt with your tongue rather than with a fingertip). Way better at feeling fine detail than hands. Plus, they’re important to our continued survival so we tend to get lots of positive reinforcement from our brains for finding new, fun mouth activities (even unhealthy ones like smoking).
|
cf7a7e75-d1a5-4241-bf6c-ac0c7eeb7a0d
|
ccxbra
|
Why do suction cups stick better when wet?
|
Suction cups work by removing air from one side of the cup so that the air pressure on the other side of the cup pushes the cup against the wall (or other surface) without anything pushing back. It’s the air pressure in the room pushing against the suction cup that holds it in place.
They lose suction when air has a chance to get back in-between the suction cup and the wall. If the suction cup is dry, it’s easier for air to slowly push its way under the suction cup, and in-between it and the wall, reducing the difference in air pressure and causing it to release its grip. By wetting the suction cup, you’re putting a layer of water between the cup and the wall, which blocks the air from traveling through to the inside of the cup.
|
dbf49393-b578-496d-a20a-d605c44757e7
|
ccxhx6
|
What makes an organ donor 'a match?’
|
There's a lot of factors that go into matching donors to recipients. I mean, just think about the process of blood transfusions - there's two major considerations right there, blood type (A/B/AB/O) and Rh factor (+/-).
Organ matching depends on a few things, including:
* Blood type (to avoid clotting and rejection)
* Immune system (different people have different immune systems, and the presence of certain antibodies in donor tissue or certain markers on donor white blood cells can cause rejection by the recipient, similar to blood type incompatibility)
* Disease history (e.g. patients who have never been exposed to Epstein-Barr virus \[responsible for mono\] should obviously be matched with donors who have also never been exposed to it, to avoid having the donor give the recipient a disease)
* Disease severity/wait time (given a limited amount of donor organs, those with more urgent/severe cases are prioritised)
* Body size (e.g. lungs must fit within the rib cage of the recipient)
* Distance between donor and recipient (critical organs such as hearts and lungs can only be kept for a limited amount of time out of the body, so availability is essential)
|
193f8793-e3e5-4ccc-995c-a89c5d0515fe
|
ccxkob
|
Possible to move faster than light?
|
The ball will never reach or exceed the speed of light in a vacuum, which we call "c". Indeed, no object with mass can ever reach or exceed c. When adding velocities, the way we normally think of doing it (20mph + 30mph = 50mph) works great for things moving slowly, but it breaks down at relativistic velocities. At that point, we need to use a special relativistic velocity addition formula. The relativistic velocity addition formula is actual the correct way to do it at any velocity, but for things moving slowly, the classical way is so close an approximation that it's just simpler to use.
|
4cf22f48-4c40-45e8-b04e-36191853d9c0
|
ccygqn
|
Why does pouring warm soda into a glass of ice flatten it?
|
I'm going to add to the previous reply, as a black-belt home brewer. A lot of things (sugar, salt) dissolve better when the liquid is hotter. This is the basis of making syrup or candy. But carbon dioxide (the fizz in soda and beer) can get dissolved in water at a pretty cool temperature, sort of its ideal maximum saturation. So warm soda wants to get rid of its CO2 quickly, and when you have any situation where you have a solute (the hard stuff) condensing out of the solvent (the wet stuff) it will look for little imperfections (these are called nucleation sites) and condense out. Pouring warm soda into a mix of different objects (glass, ice) and temperatures will cause it to condense out all the gas. You could make the situation even worse by shaking it, which will create little variances in density. This means more nucleation sites.
& #x200B;
All solids/liquids/gasses that can be dissolved in other solids/liquids/gasses have an ideal state. CO2 in water (soda) doesn't like being warm.
|
f2755fdf-b182-4f87-a01c-eaea517c8fc9
|
ccyps7
|
I’m not up to date with Nestle, so what the hell did the company do that makes the internet hate it?
|
\- They use slave and child labor in Africa to harvest cocoa for making chocolate
\- They've promoted baby formula (that they conveniently make and sell) as a healthier and safer alternative to breast milk, and have even made demonstrably false claims about their baby formula in order to boost sales, especially in the global south, and have bribed doctors in these countries to urge parents to give their children formula instead of breast milk
\- They monopolize water sources, especially in poor regions of the world, to use for bottling, thus depriving the mostly poor communities that rely on that water. They then conveniently sell that water back to the communities they stole it from a a high markup. Nestle pumps massive amounts of fresh water of out sources in Michigan to bottle and sell, while the residents of Flint were forced to use the heavily polluted Flint River. Flint has not had clean water for 5 years and many residents of the town face eviction for not paying water bills for water they can't use, all the while, Nestle is bottling and selling the clean water Flint residents could have and should have gotten.
|
6eed8e53-cdbf-49b2-a851-7e7abe2d6504
|
cczczz
|
How come seedless cherries aren’t a thing like seedless grapes and oranges?
|
The "seed" in a cherry is called a pit, and if I'm not mistaken, it's where the juicy part of the cherry came from. Similar to dates and plums. In contrast, the seeds of grapes and oranges are intended to produce more grapevines/orange trees
|
ba17c356-5073-4965-9f9c-c32c8b425dfa
|
cczopk
|
What is a hostile takeover?
|
In business generally the way that one company takes over another is through negotiations, contracts, and payment. Look at it like this: Company A wants to obtain Company B. Company A and B begin having discussions where Company A outlines all of the advantages of being acquired by Company A (e.g. easier access to resources, streamlined processes, a stronger legal department to protect against lawsuits, etc.) until eventually an agreement is made and Company A takes over Company B.
A Hostile Takeover is not like that. In a Hostile Takeover members of Company A insert themselves into the workings of Company B, the most common form is through the stock-market. Essentially members of Company A buy out shares of Company B on the stock market until they hold the majority of shares making them the de-facto leaders of the board, at this point they can basically force Company B to turn over all assets (not directly mind you, they don't have absolute authority, but they have enough that anyone who will not cooperate will have things turn out worse rather than better).
|
df579242-56c4-46bb-ab89-a749084fb3c3
|
cczz77
|
Why do cooked eggs need refrigeration but eggs in baked goods don't? (x-post from r/askscience)
|
Baked goods avoid spoilage by being fairly dry and mostly inhospitable to bacterial growth, in comparison to many other foods. They will still go bad eventually, of course.
Cooked eggs, left out at room temperature, are moist and full of easily-accessible nutrients for microbes.
|
390d1e7b-a699-4a28-bce9-661f4ee1924b
|
cd01c5
|
If adrenaline boosts our mental quickness and physical strengths, how come it isn't always pumping through our veins?
|
It’s unsustainable, basically. This is kinda like asking why you don’t sprint everywhere - it’s faster, isn’t it? Because it’s *exhausting*, and you wouldn’t be able to keep it up.
Our bodies aren’t designed to be running at absolute maximum capacity like that. The adrenaline surge is an emergency measure, designed to get us out of trouble if we need it. Very useful if you need a burst of speed to avoid a lion, or extra strength to wrestle a fallen tree off your toddler, but you don’t need that when you’re playing video games or hanging out at the pool.
It is also pretty damaging to be in that state. Adrenaline is not good for you, not long-term. There is actually a maximum amount of time you can sustain the heightened state of adrenaline before it tapers off - even if the situation hasn’t changed. This is because you run out of adrenaline, and also because your body literally cannot maintain the high alert state for more than a few hours *max*. There is a longer-term, less extreme stress hormone called cortisol that takes over if the stressful situation is lasting longer than that.
|
da16b2cc-86fa-4401-8990-36c90cfa6efa
|
cd05pn
|
How do melatonin supplements work?
|
Melatonin is a hormone that your body makes on its own. When you take some extra, it helps you sleep. If you take too much, you won't be able to sleep.
|
96c1c07b-a8ee-4a86-8948-9cb92b87a648
|
cd085g
|
Why use non-recyclable or difficult to recycle plastics in product packaging?
|
Economics or function. For example, it is difficult to make a plastic coffee cup out of biodegradable plastics since those plastics don't hold their shape as well, especially with a hot liquid inside them. Likewise, plastic packaging for food items might be too porous with more environmentally-friendly plastic, thus removing the benefit of the shelf life of the product.
|
32de0c5f-68b6-428c-8ca4-c0c7e1c129a1
|
cd0bzp
|
Why is strep throat, caused by a commensal bacteria, contagious?
|
You could spread it to someone with a compromised immune system. Obviously every time you get ill or injured you aren't catching strep, so it's kind of a dice toss.
If you've had strep before though, you're at a high likelihood of getting it again - especially if you haven't had your tonsils removed iirc. I've had it four times, although not within the last decade.
|
a74c1a93-76a2-471f-9950-1bd105858245
|
cd0p3d
|
Are cockroaches (big with wings) nocturnal? Why does it seem like they only appear during night? Why's this the case and where do they hide during the day?
|
They hide in nooks and crannies and cracks and small hidey holes all over your house. I have a cockroach infestation myself, and I have to spray poison into tiny cracks to destroy known nests.
|
5faadc33-5d4b-43c3-b171-f8be0bf30ba1
|
cd18d6
|
How do you 3D print DNA?
|
DNA is a molecule made up of just four different kinds of smaller chemicals, called bases. The combination of bases decides which protein is encoded by a piece of DNA. It's a really neat code that works in many ways like an alphabet. If I want to send you a message, I string together letters in meaningful ways and we both understand what the resulting combinations mean. DNA is the same in that every living thing on earth uses the same code (pretty much), so if you can identify a gene sequence in a cow, that sequence can be used to make the same protein in another organism.
When researchers say they "3D printed" DNA, they actually mean that they synthesized that DNA using special techniques based on how DNA is synthesized inside cells. It's not like what you think about when you hear the term "3D printing". Since DNA is just a chemical, it can be made in a test tube like other chemicals, and this is basically what this kind of 3D printing looks like. It also means that the synthesized DNA is exactly the same as real DNA (for the most part). Once made, it can be put inside a cell, which will both make more DNA (something they must do to replicate) express the proteins it encodes. This is how we can get bacteria to make things like spider silk, plastic, insulin, etc.
|
5f3e02fb-a182-4914-bcc7-2ad37cc6ef16
|
cd1d8l
|
- Where does the carbon that trees store, go?
|
It becomes part of the wood (the tree's own body). Trees are made largely of carbon.
|
a23b0717-08f2-412d-8735-fb0f106c0a64
|
cd1mat
|
When you turn down or up the volume on devices with either a wheel or button, what actually happens that allows it to sound quieter or louder?
|
A volume knob or wheel is an example of a device called a *potentiometer*, which is a device that adjusts the voltage going down a wire by increasing or decreasing the electrical resistance.
If the resistance increases (if you turn the volume knob down), then less voltage makes it to the speaker, the cone vibrates less intensely, and the sound is quieter. The opposite is true if you turn the volume up.
|
151b6e43-fc1a-4f2b-9b58-78f329b5140e
|
cd1xk8
|
why does internet that's not working often start working when you unplug it and plug it back in?
|
Processes and execution in code can get messed up sometimes, and these issues will not be cleared out automatically if there's nothing programmed in to fix this. Say, for instance, a program isn't freeing RAM like it's supposed to after use. This could cause things to slow down on the device as it loses access to quick access memory.
Not every piece of software and hardware you get is crafted carefully to not cause problems if it keeps running for long periods of time. There may also be errors encountered that weren't found in testing that start causing issues.
When you restart a device, you're clearing the memory and killing all running processes on it. Clearing the memory can clear out memory that was being held but not released or that was having some kind of issue. Killing the processes could kill that one process that's causing your device to have issues in the first place. This is why restarting a device tends to magically fix things.
|
56c4c361-3f17-4933-a9e5-fb53d68b8b45
|
cd20ff
|
What dictates the power of passports?
|
Governments decide based on mutual agreements. IE, 2 countries have good relations, trade is good, people are happy. They decide to have a visa free travel for both sides to encourage growth and lessen burdens on your everyday travellers. Hope this helps.
|
fd9eb35e-6f9c-402e-a871-41de5d0a97bc
|
cd21dr
|
How does the body become ‘sensitised’ to certain chemicals whereby the chemical now becomes a serious allergy when it would not have been allergy in the past?
|
An allergic reaction is when your immune system overreacts to something foreign.
For things like bacteria or viruses, we can develop our immune system to fight them better the more we are exposed to them. Every time your immune system encounters these threats, it builds more weapons to identify and fight then. This is how we develop resistance.
The problem with allergic/anaphylactic reactions is that we don’t want our immune system to be reacting to something, but because our immune system learns and adapts, it gets *stronger* every time it is exposed to the foreign thing.
So if you’re allergic to bee stings here’s what might happen. You get stung by a bee the first time and your immune system identifies the venom as a significant threat. The first time you get stung you may not experience much because your system is learning about it and developing weapons to fight it next time it comes around. The second time you get stung, you could go into full anaphylaxis because your body is prepared for an “all hands on deck” response. Your body overreacts to the point of potentially killing you. Legitimate responses to fight your bodies, invaders (swelling for instance) go completely overboard.
|
e02fb637-5af8-4581-9f34-3453fda6670f
|
cd23al
|
Why are some bodies of water (lakes, parts of rivers, sections of the ocean) strikingly blue when water is normally clear?
|
The minerals in different bodies of water vary and also the blue tint varies with the amount, imagine you’ve got a clear sheet of plastic with a 1% blue tint so it looks clear until you put it against a white tile or something. Now imagine you’ve got 100 of those sheets and if you stack them together and look through everything seems far more blue because you’ve got the added tint of 100 sheets. You may argue that the clearness should add up too but the addition of colour changes the appearance whereas the lack of colour does not. This make any sense at all..?
|
0fb766aa-0e1d-48a5-8ddf-e995773b6072
|
cd2hsv
|
How do trains derail?
|
It was a tram btw.
And simply by going to fast. Their momentum is too high to be guided along the rails, the wheels pop off/out of the tracks and away goes the train/tram
|
9e4ff6cc-3906-4fd3-aa2b-0f93ca441680
|
cd2km9
|
How do tattoo parlors get around copyright laws?
|
Generally speaking, the copyright holder must prove the copied work has a negative effect on the work's value or potential market. A tattoo artist who inks a cartoon character onto a client without obtaining permission from the original illustrator may be infringing by affecting the potential market of the character; the illustrator could sell drawings to tattoo parlors for use on clients. On the other hand, the client is less likely to be considered infringing, since his display of the work is usually not for profit and in most cases would not affect the work's value or market.
|
08ec9f5a-e7d4-43d0-8c4a-2945f5b67c6c
|
cd2xr7
|
What’s the difference between white smoke and black smoke?
|
White smoke can often mean material is off-gassing moisture and water vapor, meaning the fire is just starting to consume material. White smoke can also indicate light and flashy fuels such as grass or twigs. Thick, black smoke indicates heavy fuels that are not being fully consumed.
|
0dd7f3b1-c8b8-4ca6-b77d-d4dc348962dc
|
cd3ebx
|
How do rivers work?
|
This is a great question, it was actually posed to my in my first and last geomorphology lecture, and our answers changed significantly.
There's a few bad answers here, but here is my try at it.
Water is carried by clouds from low places (oceans and lakes) and dropped as rain in higher places (anywhere on land). These water droplets slowly find their way back downhill as gravity takes them. They can go into the ground and flow downhill there, they can evaporate back into clouds, but everything left from those two will end up flowing overland.
When the land is shaped in such a way that water droplets flowing over it move together, they start to gather into streams. When these streams meet they form bigger streams. When the bigger streams form you get a river.
If a river hits a place where there is no way down, it starts to fill that low point. This can form a lake, or just a big wide point in the river until it fills the low, and spills over into another route down.
These routes will almost always find their way to the lowest point: the ocean. This can take thousands of miles and go land that is flat, steep, sandy, rocky or any in between. This is what makes the shape of the river, slow and meandering through plains, or straight and quick down a mountain.
|
0faa3c70-d257-4e5c-9c61-30b080d53fbb
|
cd3r86
|
Aside from humanitarian/philantrophic reasons, what is the advantage of donating to charity from from a tax perspective. You donate(“lose”) a portion of your wealth. How is that different from just spending it on something else, you will pay tax regardless. Obviously I am missing something.
|
In the US you can write off a significant amount of charitable donations. What this means is that you don't pay any income tax on the money you donated. If you made, say $100,000 last year and donate $15,000, you can pay income tax as if you made only $85,000.
|
6c3bb3c5-3d2c-48e0-bd71-76e179996bf1
|
cd3u5m
|
how much do we know about allergies? Is there a way to permanently suppress histamines or would that be bad for our body?
|
Some people do. Some people spend their whole life taking anti-histamines. Obligatory not a doctor, but I know somebody who takes a loratadine every single day and has been doing that for years.
|
d4acf2f7-54ef-4362-be85-eeb11ee1d579
|
cd3xov
|
Why do you drool more when you nap during the day but not when you sleep at night?
|
During night your body goes into some kind of sleep mode. Which includes the saliva production.
So you drool less because you have less to drool with.
|
f43d3749-0122-4d8b-8f0f-c8953a6e5493
|
cd48vu
|
How does taking your blood pressure work?
|
The cuff on a blood pressure device inflates to a point where blood flow can't be heard (usually around 220 mmHg). Once that point is reached the pressure is slowly released until a turbulent flow is heard. This “top” number is the *systolic* pressure (when the heart is beating). After that the pressure is further released until a smooth flow is heard. This “bottom” number is the *diastolic* pressure (when the heart rests between beats).
|
95fa3ff5-f9bf-443a-94cd-dc4ee06815b3
|
cd4fb7
|
What determines whether a pair of consecutive earthquakes are classified as a foreshock and earthquake versus an earthquake and aftershock?
|
They reclassify them if a stronger one occurs during the sequence. So, the strongest one is the mainshock and the weaker ones before it are the foreshocks and the weaker ones after are the aftershocks. If a stronger one suddenly happens during the aftershock period, then all of the others are now classified as foreshocks.
|
ac95324c-81f9-4c35-92b3-0ca6f728c974
|
cd4oyq
|
why do people censor their license plates on the internet?
|
It's a form of identification and people can search your tags if they want if you know the right person. Like my friend is a 911 operator say if I had your tag and I wanted to harass you I could get your address and whatever else that provides by just having your tag. It's just a necessary precaution in today's world.
|
7b7ceec7-2cf4-45b6-b05f-777f51a92745
|
cd4pxu
|
How exactly does the immune system differentiate good bacterias with bad bacterias?
|
Also good bacteria dont hang out everywhere, most places in your body you want to keep any bacteria out so immune cells attack most things.
Bacteria in our skin and gut are technically outside of our body
|
f939673b-ca32-4b58-b03c-36a2e67b018b
|
cd4q5i
|
What is bandwidth in terms of signal processing?
|
In very simple, rough terms, the bandwidth is the full range of frequencies that a signal or communication system (like speech, music, etc.) covers.
The *frequency* itself is a characteristic of one component of the signal, but the signal might have many different components, and the difference between the upper and lower frequencies is what determines the bandwidth of the signal.
|
9fe4eb28-4c0d-4a7e-973b-f1c18576c4b6
|
cd4qon
|
If humans as a species have less genetic variance than some small chimpanzee populations, how come we look so different from each other?
|
We're very good at recognizing differences between humans, and we have many traits (coloration) that are genetically small but visually striking.
|
046e0bba-1bbc-4629-98b5-1b97f8e398da
|
cd4rsq
|
How does video-game save data work? Particularly in modern, expansive and intricate games
|
Typically, games are saved my finding the minimum possible data needed to save all of the information needed. This data is saved in binary as bits on a hard drive, and it can take billions of these bits to store a particularly large file such as PUBG's or ArmA's maps. Things like maps are often stored as heightmaps, which you can think of as top-down pictures where the color corresponds to height. Each pixel in the picture represents a part of the map, and the height of the ground at that point is saved as the "color" of the pixel. Now, things like rocks, trees, buildings, and players are saved as X,Y,Z coordinates in a separate file, and when the map is loaded this data is all compiled to form a map. Player, chest, and other character inventories and data are often also stored in the file where their coordinates are located, usually as lists. To compress this data as much as possible, items are assigned numbers. You can think of item Ids in Minecraft as an example. Instead of saving items by writing their whole name, it simply says "1" and then it knows that "1" is "stone".
|
7176388a-5f15-4621-97fb-90b4d7dc14ec
|
cd4ted
|
Where do shows like Stranger Things get all the period specific items from?
|
often it's not actually period specific. it looks that way at a glance, but anyone who's studied the period will see all kinds of mismatches. they might use a product that had already fallen out of use or wasn't on the market yet. or they'll get a clothing style right but make it out of the wrong fabric
|
662ac058-3a0c-4bb3-9e8e-28ee46a74ce3
|
cd4vba
|
What was the real reason why there was a delay in aid for Hurricane Katrina victims?
|
There’s no one primary thing, but a series of terrible missteps that led to a disaster bigger than it should have been, and a response that was poorly planned, managed, funded, staffed, and run. I’ll touch on a few major contributors:
The infrastructure was grossly under-maintained, and levees and flood walls were inadequate and in need of repair. The Army Core of Engineers was in the process of some of the needed repairs, but had not completed them.
Unclear and even inaccurate instructions were given about the nature and severity of the storm, and the information available to the residents of New Orleans was too late and many did not evacuate or were not given enough time to evacuate.
It is usually the responsibility of local and state government to have a readiness plan in the event of a natural disaster. That plan [was inadequate to say the least](_URL_0_).
FEMA, when they finally engaged, was mismanaged, under funded, under prepared, and under staffed for the extent of the disaster. Michael Brown, FEMA’s director, left in disgrace.
Fraud was rampant, and many people were underinsured for their homes lying essentially well below sea level. This was exacerbated by the levels of poverty in that part of the country.
It was difficult for rescuers to get to people. Roads were inaccessible. Hospitals did not have generators that has been tested and maintained, and could not sustain power loss for that long. The weather after became unbearably hot too.
The narrative began to be about race and a growing dislike for president Bush. Like anything where politics is involved, the nuance was somewhat lost and the spin became the sole facts for most people. They weren’t wrong necessarily, but the whole picture was systemic failure and lack of preparedness for a disaster so extensive, rather than some malicious intent or indifference after the fact.
|
2e34bab8-2b54-46ef-9af0-a2d3e0203fa0
|
cd4z41
|
How do we know the internal temperature of our planet?
|
We measured the melting point of iron at various pressures, and we know what depth the iron core transitions from solid to liquid. This allows us to know the temperature at this boundary, and we can extrapolate some from there.
|
d1a5b5fc-dcb2-4a90-a974-7a0efe6d7183
|
cd5kdp
|
If we use electron microscopes to see atomic nuclei but we can't see the electrons because they're smaller than the nuclei how do we use electrons in the microscope?
|
An electron microscope is sending out a stream of electrons that then bounce back and are picked up as data and then converted to a visual image.
|
9b97e57a-cf63-4b63-9b98-2a7214289e6f
|
cd5kji
|
What is the difference between a gas and a diesel engine?
|
The main difference is that a gas engine produces the power by igniting the gasoline vapor - literally the "spark plug" is used for this. It gets its power from the battery which is continually kept charged by the alternator in the car (which gets its energy by being connected to the rotating shaft by a belt).
& #x200B;
The diesel engine produces the power by self-ignition. The pressure generated by the rising piston is enough to cause the diesel to spontaneously combust. The diesel engine needs no spark plugs.
& #x200B;
This leads to some interesting differences in the engines. If you're interested I can continue.
|
5a1a3d10-b8fc-495b-a2d8-338e60cd7668
|
cd5pr5
|
Car loans with private sellers.
|
In these cases you would normally go to a bank, tell them you're looking to apply for an auto loan and if you qualify, you'll get it.
Benefit of dealer is they usually make those arrangements on your behalf and may also offer some type of warranty in the vehicle. Of course those things come at a cost, buried in the purchase price.
In either case, proof of insurance is usually required for leased or financed vehicles as the lessor or finance company wants to ensure they will get paid if the vehicle is a total loss.
|
ee2a299b-ccc0-4f80-abfd-3cdef1ebf1dd
|
cd5t2h
|
Why are terms like 'people of colour' politically correct while terms like 'coloured people' are offensive?
|
_URL_0_
Is a good, but slightly meandering explination. It includes the following quote which is a fairly succinct explanation
> The reason “colored people” is offensive without being a term of abuse is that it reminds many people of times when we were, whatever we were being called, abused.
|
be547d4d-d7b5-4e33-ab72-9f0f06c955fa
|
cd64h1
|
Why do some sports, like Tennis, have points that go up in multiples of more than one when there is no chance of getting less than that score?
|
For tennis it is believed to date back to medieval french. It is said that they had a clock face outside and would use the 15, 30, and 45 on the clock to play. And when the clock stoped at 60 they would stop.
|
723803ef-129a-4fbe-8e91-12c74f1f191f
|
cd6820
|
Modern English has many word roots in Latin and Greek, but where did the Latins and Greeks get those word roots in the first place? Did somebody just make it up out of the blue? Or did they get it from an earlier language, and if that's true, where did they get it from?
|
Latin and Greek, like English, German, and most European and many other languages such as Farsi, Hindi and Gaelic, are all ultimately descended from something we call “proto Indo-European” - we don’t know how languages originated in the first place, but as people add new words and change the pronunciation of old words, languages turn into new languages.
[Here is a cool illustration](_URL_0_) of how some of these languages are related.
|
1fbf3932-e107-4448-98cd-cddd1867b96f
|
cd68sz
|
how come when you take a room temperature soda, and pour it over ice, it goes nearly flat?
|
Firstly it is important to understand that cold liquids 'hold on to' dissolved gases better than warm ones. Bubbles form on uneven surfaces, ice is littered with uneven surfaces (suck on an ice cube and then poor a drink over it, it will fizz less). Combine a warm drink (which is rubbish at keeping gases dissolved in it) with lots of uneven surfaces and you have lots of fizzing.
|
4107779e-293c-4ac9-a686-36b63bf85040
|
cd6a0k
|
How do radioactive elements lose particles without becoming a different element?
|
They will become a different element in most forms of radioactive decay.
For example, in alpha decay (common in very heavy elements), the atomic number will drop by 2. So Uranium undergoes alpha decay to become Thorium; Thorium undergoes alpha decay to become radium; Radium becomes Radon; Radon becomes Polonium; Polonium becomes lead.
& #x200B;
In beta decay (minus) decay, the atomic number increases by 1. So Cesium becomes barium; or Iodine becomes Xenon. A less common form of beta decay (beta plus) reduced the atomic number by one; so Fluorine becomes Oxygen.
& #x200B;
In rare cases, you can get radioactive elements which give off gamma rays only. A lot of the time, when you get an alpha or beta decay, you get a gamma as well. But you can occasionally get pure gamma. One of these substances is used a lot medically - a special isotope of Technetium called Technetium-99m decays with a pure gamma ray - but because there is no particle emitted, the atomic number and atomic mass don't change. So Tc-99m decays into Tc-99. The "m" indicates a special high energy state of what is otherwise the same atom.
|
8508b3fc-897c-4ecd-a680-939ca78dc786
|
cd6awe
|
if lactic acid is toxic to our bodies, why do our bodies produce it in the first place?
|
Lactic acid is a byproduct of glycolysis, the process by which the cells break down sugar into energy. If your cells have enough oxygen, they can process the lactic acid further and get all of the energy out of it, but if there isn't enough oxygen to go around, the lactic acid builds up faster than it can be processed. If you need a quick burst of energy for something (like a sprint maybe) then that's fine, your body can handle doing that for a little while, but in the long term it's unsustainable and you need to catch your breath and restock on oxygen.
|
47dbebec-b9b3-495b-9d83-6df5fe5718eb
|
cd6g59
|
Why can the US government not just ban robocalls?
|
Many states have. The problem is how to enforce it. Phone numbers can be spoofed. Tracing the number, while it doesn't take anywhere near as much time as Hollywood would have us believe still requires special equipment, and the sheer volume of calls means that you can't possibly log, record, and investigate every one. Also, phones are international and a lot of these robo calls come from outside the US, where the US Gov has no jurisdiction. The only time we catch them is when a call center itself gets busted, usually for reasons unrelated to their spam calls.
|
8dae59b2-b8bc-43f7-9611-cb941f2e1d62
|
cd6im1
|
Why are beach shores covered in sand?
|
Sand is basically just very tiny pieces of rocky minerals -- like quartz and feldspar -- that have been broken up after years and years of being washed over by water and wind (called erosion). It is a very, very slow process, taking millions of years.
|
05c0d0ce-3754-4064-849b-e21e0e416b15
|
cd6jtq
|
Why is there such a difference in State Senator salaries between states? E.g. > 100k in Cali Vs 17k in Idaho
|
It costs more money to live in California than it does to live in Idaho, and California collects more tax money than Idaho. Since the California legislature (at least arguably) needs to be paid more money and the state can afford to pay them more money, the California senators have voted to do so.
|
bb33f251-f7fd-41fe-a270-7ff78c5c56bd
|
cd6l4p
|
How do white blood cells "chase" something? Like I get how they move, but how do they know the thing is there without eyes? And how do they make decisions to follow it without a brain?
|
They can track them by touch and by smell.
Basically how it works is each of your B lymphocytes (the white blood cells that chase down bacteria) gets randomly assigned one specific antigen (a cell part visible from the outside of the cell) to look out for for and then gets released into your blood to float aimlessly around gloming onto cells and seeing if they match that antigen. (This is also how they know which things are invaders and which aren't: the cells are 'trained' in your bone marrow by basically exposing them to your own cells and killing any of the ones that exhibit an immune response - these ones are defective and would attack your own body, so they get weeded out before they're released into the bloodstream.)
If they ever find a match, that B lymphocyte starts releasing a variety of chemicals into your blood: antibodies (which latch onto the antigens it found and makes the bacteria sticky and visible), and cytokine (which are signalling chemicals which your other white blood cells can 'smell' and follow to the site of the infection, based on the concentration gradient of that particular cytokine). It also starts rapidly dividing and reproducing into a host of B lymphocytes that all match that one antigen, many of which undergo a different developmental pathway (which is based on the presence of those cytokines) to specialize them for different roles in the immunological response.
|
0596d488-f4fc-4379-a7db-0ab445dfd066
|
cd6uq9
|
How are kids so dang durable?
|
Mostly kids are small and light, they are closer to the ground and can't run as fast as adults. Their bones are still developing so they are more cartlidge and less calcified. This means they are lighter and more flexible but also break easier(the bones).
Because F=MA and kids weigh so little, they tend to bounce off things and be relatively unharmed while if you do the same thing as an adult with four times the mass, you hit the ground alot harder. Also when you fall over your a good 70-100cms taller than a child so you fall a lot further before hitting the ground.
|
e3bc9a00-4432-4e2a-a62a-264a74b4f8d9
|
cd6vvm
|
What is the difference between dopamines and endorphins in terms of how they affect your body?
|
I thought that dopamine was a neurotransmitter, whereas endorphins are a class of hormones. I could be in error
|
09cff491-a674-4308-8933-28ce99157944
|
cd744j
|
What is the difference between a "Blaxploitation" film and a regular film with many black actors in it?
|
Blaxploitation is usually a double serving of stereotypes in an attempt to win over black audiences and audiences that enjoy seeing Black people in that light. It's not necessarily offensive imo, but it definitely straddles that line. It's almost like a soap opera featuring an abundance of black stereotypes.
Most films featuring predominantly black actors try their best to capture the idea of black people from every walk of life. Hopefully you'll have an experience to relate to this, but I'm sure a lot of people will agree, same as no two people of any other race are exactly alike; same for black people. Blaxploitatiilon kinda ignores this fact. Instead of showing you a variety of different black people, you'll get like 3 personalities, all very heavily based in stereotypes.
Black dynamite is an example of a modern day satire on the blaxploitation genre.
|
bfd9c098-8fa9-431a-a69d-fefdfc0c57ac
|
cd75jb
|
Why are some items recyclable while other seemingly identical items are not?
|
Just the fact is doesn't say it is recyclable doesn't mean it isn't. It could be that the bottle is recyclable, but the manufacture didn't communicate it. Look up the material the bottle is made from. Most food grade plastic is either PET or PE plastics, both of which are recycled in most Western countries.
Also, basicly anything is recyclable. However, when the cost of labour is higher than just using raw materials, companies just do the latter.
|
00a3a652-df74-4e8b-bdd3-e787bb55ebcf
|
cd75jc
|
Why aren't elevators required to have battery backup to at least be able to return to the ground floor after the loss of grid power?
|
Safety.
When there's no power, do you want to hope your battery backup is operational when you remove the brakes, or simply keep people in place?
Additionally, economy. How many blackouts last for so long that by the time firefighters come to rescue people, power has not been restored?
|
b0038a3d-5c9d-4c3d-bbae-e769ed5edd3d
|
cd79ob
|
What financial regulation has been applied the the World’s largest banks since the economic crash of 2008 to stop it happening again for the same reasons?
|
The main change to financial regulation post-2008 is the Dodd-Frank Act from 2010.
It created (or restored) restrictions on trading the kinds of securities that caused the 2008 crash. Of course, bankers don't like crashes either, so they rarely happen again for the *exact* same reasons. That's why Dodd-Frank also created a bunch of new agencies and mechanisms to try to find the *next* source of financial instability and quash it. 9 years (even 9 years without a crash) is not long enough to evaluate whether it does this effectively.
It also has provisions for how the government is supposed to behave in the event of a crash - the fact that regulators bailed out some banks but not others seemingly at random contributed a lot to the panic that fueled the 2008 crash.
|
f329c3a2-0126-4424-9347-ae7ff65311e1
|
cd7f5b
|
Since it's been proven that we can detect and harness brain waves to control objects in the virtual world, would it be insane to think that with further engineering we could create artificial telekinesis?
|
Not just the virtual world, the physical world too. We are able to control things with our mind, there is a 60 minutes about it that aired a few years ago. So it isn't insane to think that we could create artificial telekinesis.
|
97461a5e-425d-4483-8651-4b5420770ca5
|
cd7hif
|
why do you taste blood in your mouth when you see blood?
|
That's interesting, I can't say I've ever experienced that, or heard of anyone experiencing that. Maybe you have mild synesthesia? Your brain is translating visual stimuli into taste stimuli, do you experience any other sensory translations?
|
c5da786d-0ff9-47e5-a994-b68f308a17d7
|
cd7o4n
|
why is temperature perceived differently? Some feel warm while others feel cold while both acclimatised in the same room.
|
Most likely because we don't feel temperature. We feel rate of heat transfer. The body of whoever feels colder is probably trying to expel more heat.
I know if you're sweaty, the evaporation takes a lot of heat transfer (and you're most likely hotter than the room you're in, so it's taking heat *from* you). I'm not sure what other biological processes could cause your body to try to expel heat faster. Maybe higher metabolism? Hopefully someone who knows more about that part comments to give a more full explanation.
|
12c79af1-c393-4599-aa7e-1fa054192733
|
cd7rvi
|
Why the word "I" must be a capital i?
|
There is a bit of history behind the “I” ending up as a single letter pronoun from “inch” and “ic”, but they have no influence in the capitalisation of it. The actual reason is very simple and practical. It came around with the widespread use of the printing press. Some printers found the lowercase pronoun “i” looking very small and weak and getting a bit lost in a sentence, so they started capitalizing it so it wouldn’t look so bad. This was soon copied by others and even though there was no rule to say it had to be, it became standard in printing. This also spread to handwriting and has stayed that way since.
|
7f4c9e0d-a68c-408d-a11b-9ac3efa1ee48
|
cd7v0w
|
how non-advertising, free services make money. For example, WhatsApp doesn't advertise, is free and is worth millions of dollars.
|
When a service is free, you are the commodity being sold. The app ultimately is in the analytics business, and the data on user habits could be valuable to third parties, for reasons as boring as selling you goods... and reasons as nefarious as keeping citizens on the straight and narrow (hopefully not).
|
89fa7639-b36f-4228-8072-1b48405b5a86
|
cd7yzd
|
Why do our energy levels go down when we're depressed?
|
Depression in many ways puts your body through the same processes that a lot of physical illnesses do. One part of that is that both are associated with the release of what are called pro-inflammatory cytokines in your body. Like the name implies, these are chemicals that cause inflammation in your body. Evolutionarily speaking, what humans and other animals do when they are sick is retreat and rest. They retreat because they are weak and wouldn’t be able to defend themselves against enemies. They are fatigued because their body is fighting off whatever is making them ill, and sleep more to reserve their energy. A lot of other stuff can happen here as well, but essentially your body shuts down everything that is not necessary for your immediate survival (sex drive? being able to solve super difficult sudokus? you don’t need that right now!) Collectively these are called sickness behaviors, and they developed because they are adaptive for your survival. Only with depression things get a little trickier because there is no obvious virus or bacteria to fight off. But essentially you’re body is confused but trying to help the best it can: it can hear the alarm bells ringing, and the alarm signal sounds a lot like being physically injured.
|
e53e8ab9-e94e-4181-8822-d9824d12a0c2
|
cd84qx
|
Why do some clovers get more than three leaves? If you find a clover with more than three leaves, is it common to find more in the same area?
|
It's a mutation. It happens basically for the same reason as when a person sometimes ends up with an extra finger or toe: the part of their DNA that determines body shape becomes altered slightly and you get an extra. It can happen the other way too where you get less as well.
Clover (at least the type you think of for a 4 leaf clover) grows in patches and each patch will share a lot of its genetic makeup among the little individual sprouts. So yes, if you find one 4 leaf clover, there are in fact likely to be more in the same area.
|
88526437-7c4d-4fd5-8437-fd72cc4c580f
|
cd89tc
|
How do radio stations gauge how many listeners they have? How accurate is it?
|
Radio stations in the US don't measure it themselves. A separate company called Nielsen does. You've probably heard of "Nielsen ratings" for TV? Well they do basically the same thing for radio.
For radio, they do it two main ways, 1) They give people diaries, yes diaries, and they literally write down what they listened to. 2) (This is the primary way) Some people are given small devices (which look like an old school pager) called a "people meter" that you wear on you and it listens for the radio and logs what station it was.
And well, then they take all of that data and estimate it out. Their methodology has always been a point of contention (especially in radio), but they are still considered the industry standard.
|
49219c0c-b1f7-484b-b8aa-f1eadbc8b3da
|
cd8g8b
|
How does feeling full after(/while) eating work?
|
Your stomach has stretch sensors and food density stretchers. This is why it’s easier to over-eat calorie dense foods, because the stretch receptors don’t think you’re satisfied because your stomach isn’t actually full. But you can still feel hungry if you just fill your whole stomach with water, because the density receptors aren’t satisfied.
|
bc3fa871-6d06-45e0-b474-36727bf6ada3
|
cd8ps7
|
Why is Mercury poisonous? What exactly is it doing to the body, and why can it not be resisted?
|
TLDR: It prevents your cells from repairing themselves from everyday damage, and it's very hard to flush out of your system.
Mercury like many other toxic heavy metals accumulates in your body over time. Your body has a difficult time flushing it out so even if the source of Mercury poisoning is small, if it persists then it will accumulate over time, possibly reaching poisonous levels.
No amount of Mercury is considered safe (The background level in humans is zero, so ideally you should avoid exposure) but you can have a certain amount of Mercury in your system without any ill effects. Which is why you are able to safely consume certain fish like Tuna that naturally have tiny amounts of Mercury in the meat.
Mercury is not a disease and therefore your immune system doesn't fight against it. Your body has to rely on organs like the liver and kidneys to flush the toxin out, but it happens that our bodies aren't really good at that so it takes a long time to flush mercury out.
Mercury poisoning can cause a variety of problems including muscle weakness, hair and nail loss, kidney dysfunction, etc but is most well known for causing neurological problems including memory loss, difficulty sleeping, and in bad cases insanity.
Mercury causes damage in various ways, but one of the most significant is it prevents your cells from repairing themselves from oxidization damage which constantly occurs by our bodies nature. Since the brain uses more oxygen by mass than any other part of your body, the damage to the brain is most severe.
|
68e7ffca-d7ee-4785-adec-48824afb42d0
|
cd8scb
|
How are we not constantly breathing in carbon dioxide in an area with little to no plant life?
|
Well in a nutshell - wind. There might be a higher CO2 concentration in that area, but generally speaking the wind will get fresh air in.
|
24740892-f021-41c6-8ad7-8b5c168aadd7
|
cd8uka
|
Why do plants transpire the majority of the water they absorb (not use it) if them need that water to live?
|
Water containing nutrients is pulled up from the roots. If the water did not have anywhere to go, then no more nutrients would be transported. The plant allows 90-95% of the water to evaporate to make room for new water with more nutrients.
|
a024cd24-988e-4b31-b87c-b73dd42d5314
|
cd8ybn
|
why does the way back always feel shorter than the way there?
|
I don't know how to scientifically tell this, but it was told to me this way:
You technically don't know first hand how much time something will take you (ex: going from city 1 to city 2) so you prepare for a non given period of time that could last ideally "forever".
Since you have already experienced the travelling, from city 2 to city 1 (so the return journey) you'll be prepared for the actual time it takes because you have a first hand experience.
Ideally, every journey is different so it can take more or less time than the last one, and the "phenomenon" repeats itself.
Also, in the return journey you have some memory of the first time you passed something, so you have points that caught your interest while travelling.
Be warned tho: this was explained to me when I was little so that may be some sort of white lie someone told me, but I actually enjoy this explanation. Hope someone fact checks this for me or give you some sort of scientific evidence!
|
9be0eac4-142b-454b-923e-3f751cdac10c
|
cd93cr
|
Why do our voices change and get higher when we talk to a baby or a cute animal (like a puppy)?
|
We're not 100% sure on that one, but it is apparently a cultural thing.
Not all cultures do this, some don't change tone of voice around children while others completely ignore babies and don't talk to them. So it appears to be a learned behavior.
One theory states that we change our pitch around children because women naturally have a higher pitched voice then men, so we do it as a kind of innate attempt to make us sound more motherly or less threatening around children. You'll also note that we do the opposite, using a deeper or more male tone when applying discipline.
The reason we do it around animals is that we tend to treat Dogs and Cats like our children.
|
871eb400-22b3-4025-965d-c4cfdbf53618
|
cd9gdz
|
why do our arms and legs, etc. twitch sometimes?
|
Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out.
|
b268387f-8a05-4967-b395-b229fd37293d
|
cd9lai
|
What does a large snake do after it eats something very large, like a kangaroo or alligator?
|
Snakes can still move with large meals in their stomach and will usually seek out a nice quiet place where the can lay in peace and digest. Because it does slow them down, they will want to avoid predators or a lot of movement. A big meal can be digested in a few days to a week or more and the snake may not eat again for days, weeks or even months. They will generally conserve their energy and use it to break down the food.
|
f0477288-abd9-4e76-b74b-967117a500bd
|
cd9pl4
|
; how is it that in 2019 we can be on the verge of curing HIV, but still have to suffer sometimes for months with influenza?
|
Influenza is sorta a catchall for a massive range of bugs. These bugs are constantly changing finding new ways to spread as far and wide as possible. These little buggers are easy to stop, which is why we have a reasonably effective vaccine with the annual flu shot.
However, because there is so many of them and they are changing so quickly, we simply haven't figured out a way to protect ourselves from all of the current and future variants.
HIV is similar, which is why its been so hard to get close to a cure. There are even different variants and subclasses of HIV.
TLDR: They are billions.
|
7b8bb589-2133-473a-b84e-b8f52af86cbe
|
cd9syh
|
if there are stars smaller than Jupiter, what determines whether something will become a star or a planet?
|
Mass. The stars smaller than Jupiter are more massive, and denser, massive enough to actually start undergoing nuclear fusion. Jupiter just doesn't have the mass to do so.
|
09533608-d13a-42c2-9793-dc2fdff888b9
|
cd9vgn
|
How is an update made to a CD
|
Generally speaking, they're not.
CDs (and DVDs, BluRays etc) are read by pointing a laser at the disc. The 1's and 0's of data can be interpreted by which sections of the disc reflect the laser, and which sections don't.
In commercial (mass-produced) discs, the reflective underside of the CD is physically stamped with millions of little pits and lands. The lands are flat and reflect the laser representing a 1, the pits prevent the laser being reflected representing 0. You can't change the existing data or add new data on a stamped CD.
If you're talking about recordable CDs used for burning (CD-R), you can add data to the disc but not change existing data. This can be done because the disc contains a transparent dye that can be made opaque when heated by the laser of a CD burner. Once it's set, it can't be changed. The transparent and opaque sections can be interpreted as 1s and 0s for data.
With re-writeable CDs (CD-RW), the concept is basically the same as CD-R, except in this case the dye can be changed back and forth between transparent and opaque. So you can change the existing data written to the disc.
With games and other software that runs from discs (CD's are rarely used these days, they are either DVD or BluRay), updates (patches, DLC etc) are not applied to the disc. The updates are stored somewhere else, like on the internal drive of the computer/console. The software is written such that, if a file used by the application exists on the drive, it will load that version rather than the version on the disc.
That's assuming the software even runs from the disc; most software these days is installed onto the drive, and updates can be applied by just replacing the updated files. In this case, the disc is only used as a kind of licence check to make sure you own the game, if it's required at all.
|
ad9c7b2e-e6e0-4923-989c-ec4c2c876a6e
|
cd9ylo
|
When spacecrafts are in space, how can they speed up (if they is no oxygen, how can they use rockets fuel)?
|
The rocket or rocket fuel will contain its own oxidizer if they even use an oxidation reaction. For example a common liquid fuel rocket design has a tank of liquid hydrogen which is burned by mixing it with a tank of liquid oxygen. Another method would be a solid chemical rocket that has a chemical composition that includes available oxygen embedded within it.
|
2496d78e-2f5f-4347-91ad-5a5a2ae21b84
|
cda1qj
|
Why in movies do people breath in and out of a paper bag to calm themselves down?
|
Breaking into a paper bag is a solution for someone who is hyperventilating. When you panic, one side effect can be a significant rise in breathing rate. If you breathe too rapidly you can remove *too much* CO2 from your bloodstream, which causes blood vessels to narrow and haemoglobin (the stuff that carries oxygen through your blood) to 'hold tighter' to oxygen.
That means that:
- less blood gets to your brain
- that blood doesn't want to release its oxygen
So your brain doesn't get enough oxygen and you faint.
To avoid this, you breathe into a bag, which forces you to re-inhale the CO2 you breathed out, so preventing you from losing too much and fainting.
|
0faa4253-de04-4afb-9a1f-9d773156adfd
|
cda3bx
|
Why aren't nootropics encouraged enough for research (and why is the government trying to ban it? Wouldn't nootropics accelerated society for growth and development?)
|
> Why aren't nootropics encouraged enough for research
There is research done on nootropics, and the research doesn't show that they work. Until there is some good reason to think that pouring money into researching a specific substance is likely to yield results it seems sort of a waste of time.
> and why is the government trying to ban it?
Because scumbags will sell the stuff regardless of it not actually working, lying to consumers and taking their money for a product that is at best useless and quite possibly harmful. You know, like any other kind of snake oil. That is exactly the sort of criminal behavior the government should be controlling.
> Wouldn't nootropics accelerated society for growth and development?
If they worked, which most signs indicate they don't.
|
75cbf88b-c812-44b5-a135-ffcc19e6dc65
|
cda463
|
how does a propane refrigerator work?
|
Others have explained it. Now I'll add that using a propane powered fridge is always more fuel efficient than running a generator:
Propane fridge: Small propane heating unit, uses about as much gas a pilot lights on a stove. Most only burn gas when actively running the cooling cycle
Generator: uses (typically) gasoline to drive a engine, which then spins what amounts to an electric motor running backwards. Generator has to run at all times to make sure there is power available for the electric fridge. (which uses another electric motor to drive a compressor to perform cooling)
Things are a little better if the generator is powering a battery bank and only comes on when the bank is depleted. But the bottom line is that a generator converts energy through a lot more steps and no energy conversion can ever be 100% ('cause physics) so there is power loss at each step. Plus the generator is going to be running all the time, not just when cooling is needed.
& #x200B;
As a bonus, a propane fridge is virtually silent compared to the combination of small 4 stroke engine and compressor motor.
|
551f9495-ee36-4ebe-aa8c-40dd58ecdf2b
|
cdacvm
|
How much does it really matter where I buy my gas? Are “name brand” gas stations any different?
|
Some "name brand" gas companies include fuel system cleaning additives, but you can buy an occasional bottle of fuel system cleaner at an auto parts store for pretty cheap, and it will do the same thing.
Assuming that you use the correct octane level for your engine, fuel from just about any station should work similarly.
|
bb97668a-dbb3-42d9-976c-3b7a97719cbd
|
cdagrr
|
If our atmosphere is blue when sun light hits it, why does the moon look white when it’s visible during the day and not blue?
|
The moon is reflecting a lot of white light directly at you. The atmosphere between you and the moon is just as blue as other bits of sky, but this white light from the moon is also reaching you from that bit. The result is you have a lot of sky with no moon that looks blue, then a bit of sky *which also has the moon in it* which is blue but with a lot of extra white. Compared to the rest of the sky, that bit looks white even though there's just as much blue light coming from it as everywhere else. Your brain just sees it as "relatively a lot more white than anywhere else but still a tiny bit blue" and turns that into "white".
It's sort of like if you had a thin blue cloth but someone was shining a white torch through a bit of it. The bit with the torch would be just as blue as the rest of the cloth, but it would seem white to you because of the very white light shining through it.
|
8d789548-81f6-4b04-b20a-793dda88641b
|
cdb0v3
|
Why does looking at a bright light cause a dark spot in your vision where you were looking?
|
Imagine your eye's sensors are like a cymbal(the instrument). And when ever a specific light colour hits the correct cone cell in the eye the cymbal is hit a d a signal is sent. And then notice how the cymbal keeps ringing for a bit? It's the refractory period, its recovery, if you hit the cymbal lighter than before the sound womt go but if you hit it harder the sound is extended. Similarly in the eyes the light is dependent on specific proteins denaturing and folding differently depending on the wavelength of the eye and undoing the folding takes a few seconds to a few minutes. You can notice this even in your black and white rod cells, go from bright outside to a dark room, it is hard to see anything. But now do the same thing but keep 1 eye closed while outside. You'll notice that eye can see better in the dark. Cones ha e a 15 minute recovery and that's why there are spots. Hope this helped.
|
09b1e9f6-472e-4d69-a2c4-4afe07bc10d5
|
cdb21n
|
Where does gravity even come from?
|
Simple answer: nobody knows.
We observe that gravity and mass are related, but nobody knows why they're related.
|
472de934-0d12-42cc-bb2d-dd9a0d348aaf
|
cdb4cl
|
how do flying insects change their direction while flying?
|
With there wing. If you apply uneven force you turn.
You can compare it to how you change direction when you swim. I physic a liquid and a gas is both a fluid with huge difference in viscosity. But how you can use the to move and control direction is quite similar.
Propulsion and control of a ship and a aircraft can be quite similar with propellers, rudders and fins are the same idea. Even better comparison is a airship and a submarine.
In the air and in water animals manoeuvre in similarity way and some birds that can fly are also good swimmers. Fins in water and wings and tail in the air on animals are quite similar. The main difference it that the wings need to provide lift in the air.
|
44486848-fab9-4c4d-9b94-998ecac91e01
|
cdbb6v
|
When you see an oil refinery or something of the sorts. Why are they just burning off the excess into the air. Couldn't they use that fire to heat a boiler to make electricity?,
|
For many plants what you're seeing being burned in the flare stack is hydrogen gas. It gets created as a byproduct in many chemical processes. In these processes it's hard or not economical for companies to capture/refine the hydrogen, and storing explosive gas is a bad idea. So the only option is to release it. By burning the gas it combines with oxygen to create water, a harmless byproduct.
|
97d5f8ed-a32d-41b0-bdde-b7c2e77f9689
|
cdbcc5
|
How does the golden ratio perfectly fit and work in the human body and plants?
|
It doesn’t, really. The golden ratio’s appearance in nature has been greatly exaggerated. Humans are excellent at seeing patterns where none exist.
|
bdbe1a79-c9e2-4045-aa44-e094fc12cda6
|
cdbdkm
|
how do painkillers work?
|
Pain killers cannot target a specific part of the body (unless you literally inject it). They just travel around in your blood until they hit something they can act on.
When your body gets injured, the injured cells release chemicals that dilate your blood vessels in that area, this is called inflammation. When you take pain killers, they travel in your blood until they reach the site of injury where they meet these inflammatory molecules and inactivate them.
|
2740d20c-f6f0-4c6e-9d85-c5a064adda7e
|
cdbjhl
|
Why does Europe have some better laws regarding health, education, social welfare than America?
|
Europe has multiple, small nations with a handful of political parties all forming coalitions and blocs to help things go their way. This leads to more compromises, and more "what works for the most folks?" types of thinking. Since no one political entity can steer the entire EU "their" way, good ideas rise to the top.
In the US, we have a very large, powerful economic engine coupled with 2 political factions in power and a couple mosquito parties that crop up now and then. This means that usa politicians can be less collaborative and more "us VS them" than Europeans folks. Couple this lack of need to collaboration with the resources for corporations and business to give and make lots of things, and it's a lot harder for government to control and regulate industry. It's sort of like the USA is a sports team where we rely too much on one or two star players, and have forgotten how to work well as a bigger team.
|
235a8f1d-4629-4550-82e7-dabff6694c72
|
cdbs9o
|
What is the difference between the UK, Great Britain, and England?
|
Great Briton is the island that England is part of. UK is that island plus northern Ireland (part of the island to the west of GB)
|
40d91194-3929-41c7-a01f-dca5104f7f16
|
cdbvf6
|
Why does snot stay in your throat when you swallow it?
|
It's sticky. Like glue. Evolved to stick to foreign agents in your nose, like dust and bacteria. Salt water dissolves it.
|
32fd67ab-1963-4131-aa18-10f13a3ab455
|
cdbz3r
|
Why are we more susceptible to sicknesses and runny noses when we are cold?
|
The cold has less to do with it than the fact that we tend to congregate together in rooms and buildings with little outside ventilation.
In the Winter we're basically breathing in each other's germs for 4 months.
|
9d86cf82-f548-4a15-a4c6-57262005cac7
|
cdc8fi
|
Why can’t veterinarians work on humans?
|
You know when iTunes, Facebook or your phone updates and how you know it's the same program as before but things have changed slightly and you are kind of lost. Well that's what it would be like going from animals to humans with the errors being death instead of frustration.
|
f2414ba4-e888-4063-aaf5-6aaf67c13c97
|
cdccko
|
we look at the sunlight to help us get a sneeze out, but why does it work?
|
We're not really sure.
We know that sneezing in general is caused by irritation in the nasal cavity, which causes nerve signals to propagate up through the *opthalmic* (of or relating to the eyes) and maxillary (relating to the upper jaw) section of the nerve that links to your face.
Because of this proximity, there are a couple possible explanations:
* Increased stimulation of the eye portion of the nerve could make the jaw part more sensitive, meaning that a less irritating stimulus can cause a sneeze
* The stimulation of the eye portion could *directly* trigger a sneeze due to something called "generalization": since the two areas are close together in the brain, a signal on one side can cause a sympathetic response on the other.
Scientists still aren't sure which of these is correct, or if there are other suitable explanations.
|
a25a88aa-7ec3-4d1a-9099-25787c15c535
|
cdd1la
|
Why do some websites redirect from their .com domain?
|
It depends, if you own a large company, you don't want to have the same website running on two different servers, that's just redundant. Hence, if you own the rights to something like the .net and .com addresses to prevent squatting, the .net would just forward people to their .com address. This can also be the reverse, if you're a large non-profit, you might direct to your .org main site.
|
1fe802d3-66ec-4388-8335-e0cd4a8cbbc6
|
cdd34z
|
how can wild animals go so long without tooth care and not get rotten teeth/gum diseases yet humans can't?
|
Because they consume a fraction of the sugars we do, and their saliva is able to deal with the bacteria in their mouth because of it.
|
7e91e5e2-c665-48d9-8a85-933bed42e55a
|
cdd5g2
|
So what happens when every single star has died?
|
The universe will not be dead. During the time, hundreds of trillions of years in the future when every star has collapsed, and every remnant of every star, such as pulsars, has decayed and the universe is too massive to allow for the creation of new stars, there will still be black holes, as well as stray particles. These still emit radiation, which is an energy. There will be no light, however.
& #x200B;
These black holes will wander the universe as the last sentinels to the existence of the time we were here. Eventually, in more trillions of years, due to hawking radiation, even the black holes will cease to exist. Then, the only thing possibly around will be a stray photon or two. Eventually, these too will decay, and the universe will be completely empty, and devoid of all energy, and completely dead, but will still be as massive as it was when the gravity stopped expanding it. This is called the heat death of the universe, or the big freeze.
|
9c9f7c01-8a8a-465d-a64f-8c13d3abeb32
|
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