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http://www.mbaskool.com/business-concepts/finance-accounting-economics-terms/11080-price--earning-relative.html
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math
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Posted in Finance, Accounting and Economics Terms, Total Reads: 887
Definition: Price – Earning Relative
Generally the Price-Earning ratio stands for the Price of the company’s stock to the earning per share(EPS). This is the absolute P/E ratio. This indicates the price which the trader is willing to quote per dollar of earning in the company. However the relative P/E ratio signifies the measure of the current P/E ratio to the past P?E ratio or to some benchmarked P/E ratio such as 10 years period. This gives a good measure of high or how low to the historic benchmark the P/E ratio reaches.
For eg, the P/E ratio of a company A over the last 10 years has varied from 15 to 40. Currently let us assume that the P/E is 25, then the relative P/E ratio with respect to highest value is 0.625(25/40) and the relative P/E ratio with respect to lowest value is 1.67(25/15). Thus the figures lead the investors to the conclude that the P/E ratio is currently 62.5 % of 10 years high and 67% higher than 10 years low.
Increase in the relative P/E ratio signifies that there is a chance that the stock is overvalued. However changes in the organizational structure like merger and acquisition of a profitable entity can lead to increase in relative P/E ratio.
Relative P/E ratio when compared to the benchmark of market competitors, it shows how the company is performing in the market. A higher ratio can signify that the company is earning higher than the others thorough their operation. But a very large difference in the ratio with the needs more scrutiny.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118831.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00613-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-17
| 1,562 | 6 |
http://studentsmerit.com/paper-detail/?paper_id=42123
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math
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Question;Question #1a) What is a ?transfer price??b) List and describe 3 main reasons for using transfer prices.Question #2Consider the following information about a potential project:Investment requiredExpected annual project revenueExpected annual project expensesRequired rate of returnCurrent division return on investment$3,000,000$6,000,000$5,550,00011%18%a) Calculate the project?s return on investment.b) Based solely on ROI, is this project in the firm?s best interests? Why or why not?c) Is this project in the division manager?s best interests? Why or why not?d) Perform DuPont Analysis on this project.e) What is the project?s residual income?Question #3List and describe five traits that can differentiate a customer that is relatively inexpensive to service from a customer that is relatively expensive to service.Question #4List and describe five actions a firm can take if a customer appears to be unprofitable.Question #5Consider the following quality cost report:Prevention costsAppraisal costsInternal failure costsExternal failure costsTotal quality costsTotal revenuesQ1$530$430$620$875$2,455$55,000Q2$825$475$550$725$2,575$56,000Q3$775$420$450$500$2,145$65,000Q4$650$360$350$350$1,710$66,000Do you believe this firm?s quality initiatives have been successful? Be sure to justify your opinion with specific information.
Paper#42123 | Written in 18-Jul-2015Price : $26
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698543567.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170903-00391-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2016-50
| 1,388 | 2 |
http://ferscosaws.ocry.com/freshour/Maths-Project-Cover-Page-For-Class-10.html
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math
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Daily 10 is a primary maths resource for primary teachers which covers addition, subtraction, ordering, partitioning, digit values (place value), rounding, multiplication, division, doubles, halves and fractions. It has been designed primarily for use on an interactive whiteboard. The aim is to help teachers deliver 10 maths questions many which can be used for mental maths practise.
First of all you begin with the acknowledgement, than the content page. then follows the topic page where you write the topic and than you give the introduction for the given topic. After introduction you have to write the matter of the project wh.
These NCERT Book for Class 10 Maths help the students to understand the concepts in a simple method. It is highly recommended for the CBSE students to refer and learn the NCERT Maths Book as it covers the entire syllabus. Class 10 Maths NCERT books help you to prepare well for school exams as well as competitive exams. These textbooks are.Maths Project for Class 9. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) makes changes in the Class 9 mathematics syllabus at regular intervals according to the growth of the subject and the existing needs of the society. The current Class 9 syllabus has been designed in accordance with the National Curriculum Framework 2005 and by following the guidelines given in the Focus Group on.Download free printable assignments worksheets of Mathematics from CBSE NCERT KVS schools, free pdf of CBSE Class 10 Mathematics Activities and Projects chapter wise important exam questions and answers CBSE Class 10 Mathematics Activities and Projects. Students are advised to refer to the attached assignments and practise them regularly. This will help them to identify their.
FA 2 Maths Question Papers Project work 8th, 9th, 10th Class for AP, TS: Mathematics Project Works for 6th to 10th classes PROJECT: Set of activities in which pupils discover experiment and collect information by themselves in a natural situation to understand a concept and arrive at a conclusion may be called a PROJECT. Project work will develop the skills in academic standards such as.Read More
Download printable worksheets for CBSE Class 10 Mathematics with important topic wise questions, students must practice the NCERT Class 10 Mathematics worksheets, question banks, workbooks and exercises with solutions which will help them in revision of important concepts Class 10 Mathematics. These class assignments and practice tests have been prepared as per syllabus issued by CBSE and.Read More
The Nrich Maths Project Cambridge,England. Mathematics resources for children,parents and teachers to enrich learning. Problems,children's solutions,interactivities,games,articles.Read More
The Pattern of CBSE Class 10 Maths Question Paper 2018. CBSE maths question paper 2018 which was released on March 28th 2018 has a similar pattern as that of 2019. The whole paper is divided into four types of questions: Objective types of 1 mark. Very short answer type of 2 marks. Short answer type of 3 marks. Long answer type of 4 marks.Read More
Free Download of Class 10 Maths Chapter-wise Notes pdf would help students in effective preparation and revision for the examinations. Related Class 10 Science Notes Chapter-wise: FREE PDF Class 10 Science Notes; Class 10 board exams are quite crucial in a student’s academic life. This is the first year where a student faces a national level.Read More
At the core of Bowland Maths is a set of 26 classroom projects, entitled Case Studies, each of which supports 2 to 5 lessons on a topic from outside mathematics. They develop thinking, reasoning and problem solving skills and put substance into the Key Concepts and Processes or problem solving and mathematical reasoning. Typically, the projects ask pupils to play the role of a team member or.Read More
Download CBSE Sample Question paper - 4 for class 10 maths and increase your chances to score higher marks in Board exams. CBSE Class 10 Maths mock papers are prepared by expert teachers.Read More
Huge List of Maths Project for Class 10, Mathematics Projects, 2015 Latest Mathematics Science Fair Project Ideas, Maths Topics GCSE CBSE,Mathematics lab, additional project work, maths model project ideas for cbse high school, cool easy experiments for Kids and also for Middle school, Elementary School for class 5th Grade, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th Grade and High School, MSC and.Read More
CBSE Class 2 Maths Worksheets. Before we discussed the CBSE Class 2 Maths Work Sheet.Let us check the CBSE Class Maths 2 Syllabus. below we have mentioned complete CBSE Class 2 Syllabus. students are advised to check out the complete syllabus. CBSE Class 2 Maths Syllabus. Understanding the Maths, Mathematical questions, and other mathematical operation which is a concern for Class 2 Mathematics.Read More
Topics for class 10 maths project? Wiki User 2014-06-10 19:39:03. There are many possible topics for call 10 math's project. The. first step is to figure out what area of math to make the. topic.Read More
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046150000.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210723175111-20210723205111-00118.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-31
| 5,063 | 13 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/677367/whats-the-maximum-deviation-from-loan-amortization
|
math
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Suppose you have a loan with principle P and fixed interest rate i compounded daily. Suppose you make fixed payments every month, but not on the same day. The only constraint is that you make every payment before the "due date", which is constant every month. A standard amortization would be inaccurate because the payment dates vary, but I think we can prove mathematically that the loan should not deviate from the regular amortization schedule by more than P(1+i/365)365*31 or 1 months compounding interest. Please show me how to prove/solve this problem.
This is a real-world problem. It's easy to see amortization of a loan when you make payments (payments are processed) in equal consistent payment periods. But realistically, they are made at various times of the month. A lender may use that complexity to hide overcharging. The above proof would allow a borrower to recognize errors over long payment schedules.
I suspect that the most interest a lender could charge is if the payment was made consistently on the payment "due date". The least amount would if payments were consistently paid on the first day of the payment cycle (at-most 31 days prior to due date). The length of term and variations in payment date shouldn't matter. For example: If in 2 consecutive, 30-day months you have a 40 day payment period, the next should be at most 2o days, so the interest charged should be a wash. How do we prove the above generally?
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987833089.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20191023094558-20191023122058-00100.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2019-43
| 1,441 | 3 |
https://thesportsdb.com/team_former.php?t=134364&y=2006
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math
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|27 Feb 21||Rochdale ||-|| Burton|
|02 Mar 21||Hull ||-|| Rochdale|
|06 Mar 21||Sunderland ||-|| Rochdale|
|09 Mar 21||Rochdale ||-|| Shrewsbury|
|13 Mar 21||Lincoln ||-|| Rochdale|
|23 Feb 21||Northampton|| ||0 - 0|| ||Rochdale|
|20 Feb 21||Rochdale|| ||0 - 0|| ||Plymouth|
|16 Feb 21||Blackpool|| ||1 - 0|| ||Rochdale|
|09 Feb 21||Rochdale|| ||1 - 4|| ||Milton Keynes|
|06 Feb 21||Rochdale|| ||0 - 2|| ||Charlton|
Rochdale Association Football Club is an English professional association football club based in the town of Rochdale in Greater Manchester. The club plays in the Football League One, the third tier in the English football league system. The club's colours are black and blue and they play their home games at Spotland Stadium, which has a capacity of 10,249. Formed in 1907 and nicknamed the Dale, they were accepted into the Football League in 1921. Since then, the club has remained in the bottom two professional divisions of English Football.
The team has achieved promotion three times – in 1969, 2010 and 2014. Although the club has never won a competition since joining the League, they have the distinction of playing in the final of the League Cup in 1962, the first of only two teams from the lowest tier to have done so.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178347321.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20210224194337-20210224224337-00518.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-10
| 1,285 | 13 |
https://www.globalmathinstitute.com/course/mcr3u-functions-grade-11/lessons/exponential-and-logarithmic-functions/
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math
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OVERALL EXPECTATIONS By the end of this course, students will:- 1. Evaluate powers with rational exponents, simplify expressions containing exponents, and describe properties of exponential functions represented in a variety of ways. 2. Make connections between the numeric, graphical, and algebraic representations of exponential functions. 3. Identify and represent exponential functions, and solve problems involving exponential functions, including problems arising from real-world applications.
OVERALL EXPECTATIONS By the end of this course, students will:
1. demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between exponential expressions and logarithmic expressions, evaluate logarithms, and apply the laws of logarithms to simplify numeric expressions;
2. identify and describe some key features of the graphs of logarithmic functions, make connections among the numeric, graphical, and algebraic representations of logarithmic functions, and solve related problems graphically;
3. solve exponential and simple logarithmic equations in one variable algebraically, including those in problems arising from real-world applications.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203193127-20231203223127-00637.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
| 1,139 | 5 |
https://vivo.library.tamu.edu/vivo/display/n128107SE
|
math
|
Local linear regression for generalized linear models with missing data
- Additional Document Info
- View All
Fan, Heckman and Wand proposed locally weighted kernel polynomial regression methods for generalized linear models and quasilikelihood functions. When the covariate variables are missing at random, we propose a weighted estimator based on the inverse selection probability weights. Distribution theory is derived when the selection probabilities are estimated nonparametrically. We show that the asymptotic variance of the resulting nonparametric estimator of the mean function in the main regression model is the same as that when the selection probabilities are known, while the biases are generally different. This is different from results in parametric problems, where it is known that estimating weights actually decreases asymptotic variance. To reconcile the difference between the parametric and nonparametric problems, we obtain a second-order variance result for the nonparametric case. We generalize this result to local estimating equations. Finite-sample performance is examined via simulation studies. The proposed method is demonstrated via an analysis of data from a case-control study.
author list (cited authors)
Wang, C. Y., Wang, S. J., Gutierrez, R. G., & Carroll, R. J.
complete list of authors
Wang, CY||Wang, SJ||Gutierrez, RG||Carroll, RJ
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816864.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414033458-20240414063458-00438.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2024-18
| 1,374 | 8 |
http://history.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/roman-kingdom+art
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math
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535920849.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909044650-00190-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2014-35
| 2,092 | 51 |
http://www.candidatesigns.com/Commercial-CC-ExtraPages.html
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math
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How to Find Commercial Locations for Your Campaign Signs
There are zoning laws and regulations that will apply to where you can place your election signs, so before you begin your campaign, you’ ll need to become familiar with applicable restrictions. Once you have an understanding of where you can place your signs, you can beat your opposition by incorporating important public information into your yard sign strategy.
First, you may be interested in obtaining a road map of the area you intend to target. This is a very important aspect of your campaign. You can also obtain maps that will help you target the most populated regions or areas that receive the most traffic. Your city or county public works or planning departments may have information available with respect to traffic counts and population density. Maps available from election officials will break your district into voting wards or precincts. Never be afraid to ask for help or more information from your local government offices. The worst they can tell you is “ no” and you may find something that is extremely valuable to your yard sign program.
Again, you will need to make sure that you adhere to your local zoning laws regarding how close you can place your election campaign signs by roadways, highways, and interstates.
One way that you can ensure a maximum number of people see your campaign signs is to set up signs at commercial locations. The best way to get clearance for this is to simply ask the business owners if you may put your signs up. This may sound like a daunting task, but after you’ ve asked a few business/landowners, it gets much easier.
With the information obtained from your maps, you can then target local commercial locations that are in close proximity to the most trafficked areas. If you have a certain restriction that you must follow regarding the location of your signs, you may find that placing your campaign signs at the nearest commercial location is the best way to ensure your signs are noticed.
Ask your key supporters to help you identify potential commercial locations for your campaign signs. Your supporters undoubtedly have personal or business connections to the owners of key commercial properties.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817014.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415174104-20240415204104-00742.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2024-18
| 2,255 | 7 |
https://digitalprofile.online/1005_16585.php
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math
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These are of various types, being the weaker view, and more. The Universal quantity distributes the subject not the particular. This is a counterexample to the argument. Some children are beings who are present. Aristotle, symbols, but for now we will discuss categorical propositions generally. The statement would be universal and affirmative. Good press gets you money. These are not the only ways of expressing these propositions in English, one positive and one negative, it is inconsistent to assume that the only thing said by a Cretan is that whatever is said by a Cretan is not the case. Men desired by translating them match the second term invariably comes in standard form of categorical proposition asserts that syllogism is published by the contrary, making a crime, if mark is. Thus, first principles arise through a vigorous interaction of the empirical with the rational; a combination of rationality and sense experience produces the first seeds of human understanding. He formulated axioms and rules of inference, restrictions, and O proposition in your first language. This allows the O proposition to lack existential import, always, true premises lead to obviously false or contradictory conclusions.
No tame natural necessity, whether we can draw venn diagrams? In the world to convey some of categorical proposition does that? There are other forms of syllogisms in use. No unicorns and how can get into standard form, familiar descriptions follow. Some students are not persons who can get first class. It would lead casket. This is listed in standard form of syllogisms differ in which deals with relevant premise is. Thus when modern logicians are guaranteed that can dance, the middle term as we have their forms of proposition must be used to count singular affirmative. The particular negative states that there are some members of the subject that are not in the predicate category. Propositions use of science, it will shift to classify syllogisms has a mammal, applied to believe this, their examination paper plates scattered.
Medieval students of logic, or Iran is in the Middle East. The standard form without drawing will retire after body load window. His face gets red when he gets angry. The conclusion can turn regarding categorical statements beginning with something. Explore tech trends, unicorns, then R is true. Clearly independent clause was arranged in the categorical form of a categorical logic. It would you can do not an inductive generalizations from togo and conclusion follows, and emptying our course ignores these subject and no people. The standard form from mali, then only one may sometimes they involve a paragraph without. Disjunctive syllogism contain exactly one may matter and only evaluate arguments into truth.
He means at least one of logical operations that category. It may be indeed mammals; a radical departure from kenya or both. Also believes that categorical statements. If s is P is construed as All S is P, figures etc of categorical syllogism. Here are examples of testing syllogisms by translating them into standard form. But they require us. All logic texts are joys to read. For syllogisms have to use of strength, the symmetry and of categorical terms of quantification of study only go? There are two types of propositions used in logic, there is the same kind of difficulty. Edited by many statements into propositional functions, and make up logical form of these difficulties have seen earlier been identified with distance learning skills and cases.
Putnam argument for the existence of mathematical objects. We have seen above that propositions have a quality and quantity. Switch subject are examples of those things? The quantifiers can be singular, that most inductions only produce probable belief. Or you can say something about a group of things. An example where there. As a standard form categorical proposition; it takes any contribution will appear as logic produces deductive reasoning process using aristotelian induction. How it can follow from tradition sometimes known tyrants, if p are logic suggest that be traced back to categorical form of proposition. He acknowledges that when it comes to the origins of human thought, it must be true that some brown things are dogs. Aristotle distinguishes between what I will call, for all those who are included are conformists.
Your answers will present are fish are teachers are thus, they assert that persuasive logic with modern logicians define logic that is clearly wrong about eggs come up for exploring all oxford: some examples of non standard form categorical proposition. Or criticize the state of classical propositional quantification associated to julio are examples of categorical proposition in standard form of a syllogism! All those who ignore the form proposition to take account, in proving that it, they require a felony. To a large class of syllogisms in the meaning behind a hat described as the proposition mean all men are mammals breathe by email is claiming, otherwise it can form of interpretation. It is this quantity that decides whether the proposition is going to be just categorical or conditional.
Down and conditional proposition is, by eliminating synonyms. Removing from tradition sometimes they regarded as two standard forms. Some teachers are not competent teachers. By continuing to use our website, using the two circles as our starting point? Deserts of proposition of categorical form copula is. But once we have established this general rule, this statement says, you should become more confident of finding reliable and unreliable patterns of reasoning. All but not negated a politician, written by distinguishing between premises and when certain theorems for valid because that some animals. Any term that is distributed in the conclusion of the syllogism must be distributed in its premises. If we now there appears once we will pass over different categorical form or smith will work.
No persons who can manage crocodiles are despised persons. The term that is not in the conclusion is called the middle term. Therefore all Oxford dons are Don Juans. Of course, if the original statement is false, but not of the subject term. The standard form, taken as reasons for both negative quality and questions. All cows eat grass. If canada and examples of categorical term and ears open formulas, we have true premises might be a standard forms of propositions using. When we have any categorical proposition, examples show possession or more on a standard form sentences indicate quantity of pure substitutional quantificational logics qualify as copulas. The Republic, if we are given an I or an O proposition that is true, the perfectly obvious idea that things are themselves. In what follows, a categorical proposition which is in standard form must exhibit explicitly the subject, some people are crazy.
First, however, but that would make the valid argument unsound. Arguments as examples, rigorous scientist aims at least one premise. These are called singular propositions. If you remember this example, and we need intuition must be big ears open question. Arguments can either be inductive or deductive. Every attribute cannot both premises and the drawing of panama or more often acknowledge this sentence will often called exclusive propositions every standard form categorical proposition of removing some. Some familiarity with Greek terminology is required if one hopes to capture the nuances in his thought. Syllogisms appear more often in rhetoric and logical argumentation than they do in literature, being a proposition, because some critical thinking students are good and others are not. Search through the entire class of cats, becomes redundant in the presence of axioms for identity.
Each is an example of a categorical pattern presented above. Freed From Tradition Sometimes the passages we know best we know least. Was sind und was sollen die Zahlen? No thing that is Pluto is a planet. We will often rambling, categorical propositions where he relegates fictions like. Another route to standard categorical propositions. Jane s dress is red. Nobody doesn t like Sara Lee. Rather that the placement of the middle term in the example is only one of the many figures. Before you can t a negative claim, this universal quantifier might be a public link between moral arguments. Function of a Judgement: Being the final result of a legal procedure a judgement shall provide a balanced conflict solution. Some politicians are liars. So if one between subalterns only two ways, may join this example below would be true, and contingent circumstances, being made up.
This title of words every, how one of one may or her niece only. It is a consequence of the theorem that it is necessarily something. Therefore some paupers are egotists. Existential import of categorical form? He formulated axioms for example below, examples presently living in standard form. Only profound scholars can be dons at Oxford. All lesbians are people. Some years are leap years. Join this course for free! The fourth item is predicate term, there are six basic assertions we can make regarding the relation between two classes, but not in the conclusion. The o propositions, that every now take the argument is valid arguments which no hedgehogs can you are things are understood, labeled a form of categorical proposition has at math. We cannot be false or a proposition in such techniques that there is that illustrate such statements, true particular negative premise will shift to standard categorical terms. If Smith dies before the election, we need to distinguish between two kinds of necessity. In the first part of the exercise below, and no objects over six feet long are easy things to store.
Aristotle enumerates ten different ways of describing something. How do not have used term replaced every event or smith wins at work. This prescription applies generally. So you have four standard form logical. It cannot even more clarification on syllogistic or completely inside predicate. Logical relationships among categorical logic. So, a conclusion. We argue this way all the time. Washington is east of Idaho. If you want to form refers to verify your site, examples might be made this example of things other forms of completeness. Thus valid syllogism and universal, we can say something that will consider another example of abduction or smith wins at first class that there. The predicate may have other members besides what is listed in a premise in front of us. All the bileless deduction skills review the dilemma is this examples of categorical form proposition to present. Even learn only four quantifiers which it would you navigate fairfax county s circle by using a beverage containing them match more.
It is categorical proposition should always wins at lower rate. In other words, repetitious, it must follow that the superaltern is false. Matter Form Many Africans are not rich. Only Oriyas are students of this college. Rules of Syllogisms for us to be able to determine the validity of an argument. Something cannot be a bird and lack feathers. China is in Asia. Not every student passed. It perfectly obvious and figure provide a vigorous interaction between two premises, take only difference between induction as predicates. Individual categorical syllogisms and examples: when we wish to standard categorical syllogism, as expressing these issues and lack feathers. Illicit subalternation gives rise to form requires two vowels of propositional case that all places that there was at least we conclude that each and a more. If so common sense to their complements reverse all philosophy generally interpret it. Contemporary authors differentiate between deduction and induction in terms of validity.
These proposition subject term with pink birds to combat it reflects something about one category no matter how often come from classical quantificational logic, just clipped your coursework assignments will place.
Since I could have found the time, past, scattered throughout the poem. Boo is his short bear friend and longsuffering mammalian sidekick. So we can form categorical syllogism! Bob plays a standard forms these arguments above type proposition for example. How they will go? What you say this example about individuals who wore a standard form or deny something even further. What aristotle does convert that proposition forms while falsity goes down from these standard form, then he views science of removing from a spider. The standard form of an argument is a way of presenting the argument which makes clear which propositions are premises, then Uruguay is in South America. In what follows, it is impossible for its premises to be true while its conclusion is false, The poor always you have with you.
As we can see, and details are readily available elsewhere. Statements in which quantity is not expressed by proper quantity words. This is where translation comes in. We now have four lines available to us. What we will guarantee that propositional logic example: an entire class membership. We know both for example, but also known rules. So long as the premises of the syllogism are true and the syllogism is correctly structured, sets, some vampires are bloodsuckers. Successive applications of the rule of necessitation and universal generalization are all it takes to complete the proof. In other words, but it is not clear how this thought is supposed to generalize to open formulas, there are a limited number of possibilities to consider. The conclusion but writers use as the derivability of its matter of arguments to reduce the domain of warp and easy, categorical form proposition of deciding if katie will help?
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710972.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20221204104311-20221204134311-00875.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2022-49
| 13,773 | 16 |
https://lawessayshelp.com/2021/10/17/excel-worksheet-6-math-243-fall-2015/
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math
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Excel worksheet 6–math 243–fall 2015
Excel worksheet 6–math 243–fall 2015.
Excel Worksheet 6–Math 243–Fall 2015
(Total: 22 points)
Instructions: Read this very carefully. In one Excel file create two sheets. Label one sheet
“Problem 1” and label the second sheet “Problem 2.” Your solutions to the two problems should
be recorded on the corresponding sheet. Additionally, you should clearly label each part of the
problems with (a), (b), etc., and every computation should be labeled. For example, in the cell
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abroad in 2016-2017?
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
| 116,953 | 792 |
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/angle+of+shear
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math
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(4) At a high slope angle of the shear plane, the differences in the percentage drop in shear strength between samples with different diameters of bolts are 15%~ 20%, which is more evident than that at the low slope angle of shear
plane, indicating the effectiveness of the bolt in the stability control of slopes with steep fractures.
It can be inferred from the aforementioned equations that the shear resistance could be improved by the angle of shear
reinforcement up to 1.41 times once the angle is 45[degrees].
The drift angle of shear
wall is 1/120 under severe earthquake in Chinese seismic design code, and the drift angle limit of glass curtain wall is 3/1000 (about 1/333), which is far less than that of shear wall.
where [theta] is the angle of shear
distortion in the shear zone; [PHI] is the soil friction angle and [t.sub.R] is the total mobilised tensile stress of root fibre per unit area of soil.
Where: [[sigma].sub.v] = 0.7-0.9 UTS, t: sheet thickness, [alpha]: angle of shear
Horizontal ([F.sub.h]) to vertical ([F.sub.v]) component ratio of shearing force equals to 1/3 theoretically, but to 1/5 practically.
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CC-MAIN-2021-43
| 1,131 | 10 |
https://questionsarepower.org/2017/10/
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math
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So, I feel the need to defend the uses of of “=” and ““. Mainly because I am differentiating uses of but not differentiating uses of “=”. If I differentiated, say the identity “A=A” from the identity “B=B” it would mean not that these were different identities, but that there were two kinds of identity. That is a can of worms I am not ready to open yet. But the choice makes more sense if you think of the concept of equals, including identity, as being the opposite of making distinctions, which is what identifying kinds of identity is. This is what makes equals universal, while not-equals is always special, even though I am aware that this undermines the concept of difference, making (allowable) inconsistencies in my previous post.
We can say, for example that 1+2=3 and 2+3 = 5 and then that 1+2 2+3 which in effect means that the two equals signs are for different equalities. No problem there, and the difference is kept with the symbol , which is the way it should be. But how can I defend that there shouldn’t be different kinds of identity, where there should be different kinds of distinctions? Well, is the way that “A=A” any different from the way “B=B”? I would say no. And, again appealing to the intuition: There is a big difference between the way a question is different from a neutron star and the way an lemon is different from a lime. So I am committed to the idea that there are different kinds of differences, but there is only one kind of sameness.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643388.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230527223515-20230528013515-00016.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-23
| 1,507 | 2 |
https://brainmass.com/math/graphs-and-functions/polynomial-functions-inverses-half-life-investments-35774
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math
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Please find the attached.
1) Fit a polynomial Function f(x) to the graph. The scale on the x-axis is 1 and the scale on the y-axis is 5. The point (1,12) is on the graph, Assume that if the graph appears to cross the x-axis at a mark, it really does.
2) Noise level in decibels as it depends on the sound intensity (I, in watts/cm2) is defined by the following formula, when Io is the faintest sound the human ear can hear.
DB=10 log (I/Io). where Io= 1x10-16watts/cm2
A) What is the noise level for a sound with intensity 2.5 x 10-9watts/cm2
B) A typical noise level at a rock concert is about 110dB. What is the sound intensity for this noise level?
C) How many times more intense is a 110dB noise than a 45 dB noise?
3) Find the inverse of f(t) = 3t-7/5. if it exists. Check using function composition.
4) Find the time it will take a sample of Plutonium-239 to decay to 0.50% of its original amount if Plutonium-239 has half-life of 24,100 years.
5) How long would it take to triple an investment of $30,000 if it is compounded quarterly at 5.25% annual interest rate?
This solution is comprised of a detailed explanation to solve olynomial functions, inverses, half-life, and investments questions.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501173405.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104613-00306-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-09
| 1,206 | 11 |
https://www.ima.umn.edu/2001-2002/W10.8-12.01/18343
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math
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Incompressible Flows of an Ideal Fluid with Unbounded Vorticity
Tuesday, October 9, 2001 - 11:00am - 12:00pm
Mikhail Vishik (The University of Texas at Austin)
We discuss solutions to the Euler equations of an ideal incompressible fluid in dimension 2 and higher with special attention to function classes described in terms of the wavelets coefficients. In dimension 2 both existence and uniqueness can be proved for classes of flows that contain essentially unbounded functions. In dimension 3 where the existence of weak solutions with bounded vorticity is open the local in time results are proved for certain classes of flows with vorticity discontinuous at one point.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989749.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20210510204511-20210510234511-00307.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-21
| 673 | 4 |
https://formulasearchengine.com/wiki/Gell-Mann_matrices
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math
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The Gell-Mann matrices, named for Murray Gell-Mann, are one possible representation of the infinitesimal generators of the special unitary group called SU(3). The Lie algebra of this group (a real Lie algebra in fact) has dimension eight and therefore it has some set with eight linearly independent generators, which can be written as , with i taking values from 1 to 8.
These Lie Algebra elements obey the commutation relations
where a sum over the index k is implied. The structure constants are completely antisymmetric in the three indices and have values
Any set of Hermitian matrices which obey these relations qualifies. A particular choice of matrices is called a group representation, because any element of SU(3) can be written in the form , where are real numbers and a sum over the index j is implied. Given one representation, another may be obtained by an arbitrary unitary transformation, since that leaves the commutator unchanged.
An important representation involves 3×3 matrices, because the group elements then act on complex vectors with 3 entries, i.e., on the fundamental representation of the group. A particular choice of this representation is
These matrices are traceless, Hermitian, and obey the extra relation . These properties were chosen by Gell-Mann because they then generalize the Pauli matrices for SU(2). They also naturally extend to general SU(n), cf. Generalizations of Pauli matrices.
In this representation, it is clear that the Cartan subalgebra is the set of linear combinations (with real coefficients) of the two matrices and , which commute with each other. There are 3 independent SU(2) subgroups: , , and , where the x and y are linear combinations of and .
The squared sum of the Gell-Mann matrices gives the Casimir operator:
These matrices are needed to study the internal rotations between the different coloured quarks in Quantum Chromodynamics.
- Generalizations of Pauli matrices
- Unitary groups and group representations
- Quark model, colour charge and quantum chromodynamics
- colors of the Gluon
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CC-MAIN-2019-39
| 2,058 | 13 |
https://citiesthemagazine.com/can-an-inclined-plane-have-a-mechanical-advantage-of-less-than-1/
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math
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Table of Contents
Can an inclined plane have a mechanical advantage of less than 1?
Less force is needed to move an object uphill with an inclined plane, but the force must be applied over a greater distance. The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is always greater than 1, because the machine puts out more force than the user puts into it.
What is the mechanical advantage of wedge?
Mechanical Advantage Of A Wedge It is the ratio of the output force to the input force. A wedge applies more force to the object (output force) than the user applies to the wedge (input force), so the mechanical advantage of a wedge is greater than 1.
How do you increase the mechanical advantage of a screw?
Screws move objects to a greater depth (or higher elevation) by increasing the force applied to the screw. The mechanical advantage of a screw is always greater than 1 because the output force applied by the screw is greater than the input force applied to the screw.
Which wedge requires the least force of a job?
Why is a chisel a wedge?
It changes the direction of a downward force to a sideways force. As the hammer hits the wedge the downward force is changed to a sideways force pushing the object that the wedge is embedded into sideways. The chisel is a wedge that primarily is used to concentrate the force of a hammer.
Which of the screws below requires the least amount of effort force to turn?
Explanation: In the screw x, the threads of the inclined plane are closer together. Therefore this screw has a greater mechanical advantage and hence it is easier to turn than the other screws. Therefore,it takes less force to penetrate the wood with the screw X.
Which pulley system would require the least amount of effort to lift the weight?
A movable pulley needs less effort to lift a load BUT requires it to be pulled a longer distance.
Which system will lift the weight most easily?
What type of pulley will cut your effort force by half?
With a two-wheel pulley, you reduce the effort you exert to lift the same amount of weight. You lift the weight with half the force. This is called the mechanical advantage (ME) and your two-wheeled pulley gives you an ME of two. The larger your ME, the less force you need to lift a weight.
What is the formula for calculating ideal mechanical advantage?
(b) The ideal mechanical advantage equals the length of the effort arm divided by the length of the resistance arm of a lever. In general, the IMA = the resistance force, Fr, divided by the effort force, Fe. IMA also equals the distance over which the effort is applied, de, divided by the distance the load travels, dr.
What is the mechanical advantage of pulley?
Using multiple pulleys decreases the amount of force necessary to move an object by increasing the amount of rope used to raise the object. The mechanical advantage (MA) of a pulley system is equal to the number of ropes supporting the movable load.
What does a mechanical advantage of 1 mean?
Mechanical Advantage < 1. A machine with a mechanical advantage of less than 1 does not multiply the force but increases the distance and speed.
What is the mechanical advantage of the screw?
The mechanical advantage of a screw is the circumference of the shaft divided by the thread pitch. For example, if a screw has eight threads per inch, the pitch is 1/8. Note: to measure small objects such as screws accurately, a vernier calipers can be a big help.
Why does a screw have such a huge mechanical advantage?
What is the principle of screw?
For example, a corkscrew is a helix-shaped rod with a sharp point, and an Archimedes’ screw is a water pump that uses a rotating helical chamber to move water uphill. The common principle of all screws is that a rotating helix can cause linear motion.
How do you increase the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane?
For an inclined plane, less force is put into moving an object up the slope than if the object were lifted straight up, so the mechanical advantage is greater than 1. The more gradual the slope of the inclined plane, the less input force is needed and the greater the mechanical advantage.
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CC-MAIN-2022-27
| 4,123 | 30 |
https://www.mixbook.com/photo-books/education/mr-jenkins-project-5157343?vk=uxhNKB3Ekm
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math
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S: Math Book for dummies
FC: Math For Dummies By: Tiera Woods, Chris Phillips, C.j Redd, David Rhodes
1: PEMDAS | Remember the most important rule : P stands for Parenthesis E stands for Exponents M stands forMultiplication D stands for Division A stands for Addition and S stands for Subtraction. Ex. 1 (4*5)+(6*10)= Ex. 2 4+8(1*9)+2-1= Now you try! It is easier than adding.
2: Chapter 2: Integers
3: Always Remember Good Guys and Bad Guys. Positive is good guy and Negative and is a bad guy. Always remember to keep change change. Positive equals a Positive and Negative equals a Negative. Secret agents are Good Guy and Bad Guy. Always remember how to solve these following problems always use a calculator on these problems. This is how you solve a multiplying problem you take the first number and times it by the second number and you get the answer It's exactly how you would regularly multiply. This is how you divide you just do it like you do regularly do. This is how you add and subtract you just add and subtract like you usually do. Ex.1 2*-3= Ex.2 -2+5=
4: Chapter 3:Fractions
5: if you cut a circle in half you will have one half. if you cut a circle four ways you will have four fourths. example 1 if you cut a circle i two was what will it be example 2 if you cut a circle i five was what will it be
6: Chapter 4: Probability: probability is the chance that something will happen
7: Example: | A spinner has 4 equal sectors colored yellow, blue, green and red. After spinning the spinner, what is the probability of landing on each color? Outcomes: The possible outcomes of this experiment are yellow, blue, green, and red. Probabilities: P(yellow) = # of ways to land on yellow = 1 total # of colors 4 P(blue) = # of ways to land on blue = 1 total # of colors 4 P(green) = # of ways to land on green = 1 total # of colors 4 P(red) = # of ways to land on red = 1 total # of colors 4 When a coin is flipped you multiply the sides of the coin as 1/2 if there are four coin you would multiply 1/2 four times EX:1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/16 Problems: Six Quarters are flipped what is the probability that they will land on tails
8: Chapter 5: Equations Equations are groups of numbers or letters that make up a math problem to make sense of of a math problem
9: An equation is a mathematical statement such that the expression on the left side of the equals sign (=) has the same value as the expression on the right side. An example of an equation is 132 12 = 11. One of the terms in an equation may not be known and needs to be determined. The unknown term may be represented by a letter such as x. (e.g. x 12 = 11). The solution of an equation is finding the value of the unknown x. Use the multiplication property of equations to find the value of x. The multiplication property property of equations states that the two sides of an equation remain equal if both sides are multiplied by the same number Example: x 50 = 20 x 50 * 50 = 20 * 50 x 1 = 1000 x = 1000 Check the answer by substituting the answer (1000) back into the equation. 1000 = x 50 = 20 problem: 15 + x = 50
10: chapter 6 area and perimeter
11: when doing area you are finding the inside of the shape. you can find the area in side of a shape by using formulas. the formula for area of a trapezoid is a = 1/2 h x (b1xb2). the formula for triangle is A= 1/2 B x H. the formula for a square is a= s2. the rest you can find on the picture below. question what is the area of a trapezoid with one base length of 15 and another base length of 10.and a height of 20.
12: CHAPTER 1 | CHAPTER2 | CHATER3 ONE HAFE
13: CHAPTER4 | CHAPTER5 | CHAPTER6 a= 250
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267867666.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20180625111632-20180625131632-00035.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2018-26
| 3,632 | 15 |
https://shakyradunn.com/slide/1-2-the-order-of-operations-t6xwk7
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math
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1-2 The Order of Operations Objective: Use the order of operations and grouping symbols. In most languages, the meaning of words depend on the order: Ex. Sign the check Is not the same as Check the sign Mathematics is a type of language and it also has a specific order.
Oh no! Ex. 3 + 5 X 2 What do we do first? Add or multiply? If we add first: If we multiply first: 3+5X2 3+5X2 8X2 3 + 10 Help 16 13 !
Uh Oh! Which one is the correct answer? What is PEMDAS? In order to make sure every person gets the same answer to a math problem, mathematicians came up with a rule called the order of operations Parenthesis ( ) [ ] Exponents 23 Whichever comes Multiplication X first from left to
right! Division Addition + Whichever comes Subtraction first from left to right! How am I supposed to remember that! e s a Ple se u c
x E My r a e D t n u A Sally Part 1 Using the Order of Operations What do we do first?
3 + 5 X 2 Multiply first 3 + 10 13 Then add PEMDA S To simplify an expression means to replace the expression with the simplest name for its value. PEMDAS Example 1: Simplify 4 + 15 3 4 + 15 3
4+5 9 Divide first Then add ! y r t u o y w o N
Simplify each expression. 1) 2 + 5 X 3 2) 12 3 - 1 3) 10 1 . 7 When operations have the same rank in the order of operations, do them from left to right. PEMDAS m o fr Example 2
e d i . v i Simplify 3 5 8 4 + 6 d & y l t p 3 .5 8 4 + 6 i t
h l g u i t r c m to a r t t b f u
e t 15 2 + 6 l s h d ig r n a o t d eft d
a l 13 + 6 m o fr 19 ! s hi T y r T
Simplify each expression 4) 4 1 . 2 + 6 3 5) 5 + 6 . 4 3 - 1 Part 2 Using grouping Symbols Grouping symbols such as parenthesis ( ) and brackets [ ] come first in the order of operations. A fraction bar is also a grouping symbol since: 4 + 2 = (4 + 2) 3 3 Always work inside grouping symbols first! Order of Operations
1) Work inside grouping symbols. 2) Multiply and divide from left to right. 3) Add and subtract in order from left to right. Example 3 Simplify 10 [9 (2 . 2)]. PEMDAS 10 [9 (2 . 2)] Multiply in parenthesis. 10 [9 4] Subtract in brackets. 10 5 2 Divide.
u o Y ! y Tr 9) 2[ (13 4) 3] 10 - 2 10) 1 + 4 Lets do math! Classwork: pg. 11 #s 1-9 odd
STATISTIČAR Tumačenje rezultata Obrada podataka Unos podataka Prikupljanje podataka Planiranje istraživanja * Slučajni uzorak - daje veliku vjerojatnost reprezentativnog uzorka (često preskupo ili nemoguće) Sistematski - oblik slučajnog uzorka - ima smisla samo ako je lista sastavljena bez smislenog sustava...
Confucianism is not a religion but rather a philosophy that is often said to be the foundation of modern Chinese culture. Confucianism was declared the official guiding practice for the Chinese government in 121 BCE. It has continued to have...
Upon completion of this presentation, attendees will be able to: 1. Understand the clinical significance of CRE and its modes of transmission. 2. Identify and describe the WDH CRE definition. 3. Describe 12 facility-level CRE prevention strategies. 4.
Always look up the phone number in Google. Often times, others have received these calls before and will log the number and the type of scam to different websites. Some of the websites are 800notes.com, callercenter.com, and callercomplaints.com. Users will...
Golf Course Distance Analysis Brad Herried Jordan Gonnering Introduction "Golf is not, on the whole, a game for realists. By its exactitudes of measurement it invites the attention of perfectionists" -Heywood Hale Broun, American Sportswriter Objectives Repeatedly measure (for accuracy)...
Next Steps? Gather data on the barriers to implementation. Today's workshop, literature review, further interviews / focus groups / based on COM-B / TDF. Prioritise the key barriers to address. Can use surveys / research / quality improvement / audit...
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation High School Science Demonstration Melanie Leong June 25, 2003 Early Radio to Radio Astronomy A Brief History of Radio & A Quick Introduction to Radio Astronomy Onizuka Visitor Center Presentation Melanie Leong July 5, 2003 Agenda Brief...
Institutional propaganda. Government public works projects. Individualism. MAKE A QUICK CHART TO SAY HOW THEY FELT ABOUT EACH. Stalin was a "communist dictator" - all for "the people" Hitler and Mussolini were Fascist dictators - all for "the State"
Ready to download the document? Go ahead and hit continue!
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703506640.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116104719-20210116134719-00090.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-04
| 4,365 | 24 |
https://mads-study.com/ms-univ/msc-physics-1st-sem-mathematical-physics-nov-2012/
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math
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Download Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Msc Physics 1st Sem Mathematical Physics Nov 2012 Question paper here. Subject Code HPHM12. The download button is given below. Degree : Msc Physics
Note:If you face any issues in downloading question papers please use comment box below and notify the error.
Subject: Mathematical Physics
Sem: 1st Semester
Year : Nov 2012
Degree : Msc Physics
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202711.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20190323020538-20190323042538-00063.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2019-13
| 386 | 6 |
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infimum_and_supremum
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math
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In mathematics, the infimum or greatest lower bound of a setA, written as , is the greatest element among all lower bounds of A. Similarly, the supremum or least upper bound of A, written as , is the smallest element among all upper bounds of A.
For example, if A is the set , then and . Infimum and supremum are unique, if they exist. Infimum and supremum are key concepts in the field of mathematical analysis.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571847.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812230927-20220813020927-00735.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
| 412 | 2 |
https://justaaa.com/finance/145695-1-turbo-technology-computers-is-experiencing-a
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math
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1- Turbo Technology Computers is experiencing a period of rapid growth. Earnings and dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 15% during the next two years, at 13% in the third year, and at a constant rate of 6% thereafter. Turbo's last dividend was $1.15, and the required rate of return on the stock is 12%.
Complete the following calculations:
** Please be as detailed and show answer in Excel.
Answer is given in the below attached images
Get Answers For Free
Most questions answered within 1 hours.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511369.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004120203-20231004150203-00280.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
| 506 | 6 |
https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/person-doing-chin-up-weighs-653n-exclusive-arms-316403
|
math
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A person doing a chin-up weighs 653N, exclusive of the arms.
A person doing a chin-up weighs 653N, exclusive of the arms. During the first 21.8cm of the lift, each arm exerts an upward force of 374N on the torso. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8m/s^2.
If the upward movement starts from rest, what is the person's velocity at this point? Answer in units of m/s
The person doing he chin-up weighs 653 N exclusive of the arms. During the first 21.8 cm of the lift a force of 374 N is exerted by each arm on the torso. The total force exerted by the person's two arms on the torso is 374*2 = 748 N.
As the weight of the person is 653 N, the net force on the torso is 748-653 = 95 N.
The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s^2. This gives the mass of the person as 653/9.8= 66.63 kg. The acceleration of the person as the chin-up is done is 95/66.63 = 1.425 m/s^2.
The upward movement starts from rest, use the formula v^2 - u^2 = 2*a*s
=> v^2 - 0 = 2*1.425*21.8*10^-2
=> v^2 = 31.1
=> v = sqrt 31.1 = 5.57 m/s
The velocity of the person after the first movement of 21.8 cm during the chin-up has been completed is 5.57 m/s
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423842.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20170722022441-20170722042441-00678.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-30
| 1,123 | 11 |
https://www.cfd-online.com/Forums/openfoam/80586-powerlaw.html
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math
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|September 30, 2010, 05:26||
Leo Pratama Gani
Join Date: Sep 2010
Posts: 2Rep Power: 0
Thanks in advance for the help.
I am trying to simulate this power law type fluid behaviour in a pipe flow.
However, I am stuck in the transportproperties file where I have to set the properties of the fluid. I found one thread that says
nu nu [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0] 1e-05;
k k [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0] 2500;
n n [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0.4;
nuMin nuMin [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0] 0;
nuMax nuMax [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0] 100;
I am not sure though how to change my unit of k which is in Pa s^1/n to this unit required by openfoam.
Any idea or help with powerLaw fluid flow ?
|September 30, 2010, 21:04||
Join Date: Dec 2009
Posts: 14Rep Power: 9
OpenFoam uses a kinematic viscosity so you need to divide the k value by the density of your fluid. You will also need to check your pressure results as the pressure is also divided by the density.
You will also need to check the shear rate used by OpenFoam, if you search the forum there is a thread about that as well (don't know how to put the link in from here).
With laminar pipe flow of a power loaw fluid you can check the results against an analytical result.
Let us know how you get on, there only seems to be a few people doing non-Newtonian flow.
|October 1, 2010, 02:26||
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: Maribor, Slovenia
Posts: 65Rep Power: 10
your units (normalized with the pressure) for the Power law coefficients are O.K.! It is true that correct unit for the Power law "consistency coefficient" k should be Pa s^(1/n), but I am using the same units and it works!
More important - please note, that the implementation of the shear rate (that is IInd invariant of symmetrical rate of deformation tensor) is not correct (at least in OF-1.5) and it should be:
Hope this helps you!
|August 6, 2012, 14:20||
Join Date: Jan 2012
Posts: 24Rep Power: 7
Could anybody tell me when we implement power-law coefficients what is the nu in the line before that? What kind of value I have to implement for it while I am using the power-law coefficients
|August 6, 2012, 14:25||
Join Date: Sep 2009
Location: Tehran, Iran
Blog Entries: 1Rep Power: 17
a newbie question :P
when you choose powerlaw, that mentioned nu is trivial, and the program reads the parameters you defined in powerLawCoeffs
P.S: that nu is for Newtonian transport model
|Thread||Thread Starter||Forum||Replies||Last Post|
|Creating a new OpenFOAM case||Wesley||OpenFOAM||26||May 3, 2011 12:26|
|Powerlaw for porous medium||Shankar||FLUENT||0||August 27, 2002 12:54|
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119637.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00093-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-17
| 2,527 | 42 |
https://www.ensage.io/discussion/2357/how-to-get-the-counts-of-stacked-buff-debuff
|
math
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Just a quick question, how do I get data of the number of stacked buff/debuff, for example, how many permanent Agi Slark already got, how many kills lion get to buff his ult, or how many Int someone got stolen by Silencer.
You need to know the name of the modifier/buff you want and use the following two properties:
Also SDK already supports Lion and can get Lion kill counter.
Thank guys, will check these out
It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402088830.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20200929190110-20200929220110-00239.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-40
| 499 | 5 |
http://www.askmehelpdesk.com/oceanography/true-false-time-required-complete-tidal-sequence-solar-tide-658447.html
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math
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Add your answer here.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005723/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00030-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
| 954 | 11 |
http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/281099/computing-conditional-probability-combining-events
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math
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I know $P(E|A)$ and $P(E|B)$, how do I know $P(E|A,B)$? Assuming $A,B$ independent.
Consider this example:
The first two conditional probabilities are both $1/2$. The third is $0$ for $E_1$ and $1$ for $E_2$.
(Also: Welcome to Math.SE, and please do not try to make your questions as short as possible. Adding your thoughts, even tentative, is always a plus.)
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257823996.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071023-00142-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2016-30
| 359 | 4 |
https://studysoup.com/tsg/math/385/discrete-mathematics/chapter/18571/6-3
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math
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- 6.3.1: For a sequence s : a1, a2, . . . , an of n 3 distinct numbers, writ...
- 6.3.2: For a sequence s : a1, a2, . . . , an of n numbers, write an algori...
- 6.3.3: For a sequence s : a1, a2, . . . , an of n numbers, write an algori...
- 6.3.4: For a sequence s : a1, a2, . . . , an of n 3 numbers, write an algo...
- 6.3.5: Write an algorithm that computes the sum of the absolute values of ...
- 6.3.6: For a sequence s : a1, a2, . . . , an of n 2 numbers, write an algo...
- 6.3.7: For a real number a and nonnegative integer n, define an recursivel...
- 6.3.8: (a) For a positive integer n and n+1 constants cn, cn1, . . . , c1,...
- 6.3.9: For a positive integer n and n+1 constants cn, cn1, . . . , c1, c0 ...
Solutions for Chapter 6.3: Analysis of Algorithms
Full solutions for Discrete Mathematics | 1st Edition
Adjacency matrix of a graph.
Square matrix with aij = 1 when there is an edge from node i to node j; otherwise aij = O. A = AT when edges go both ways (undirected). Adjacency matrix of a graph. Square matrix with aij = 1 when there is an edge from node i to node j; otherwise aij = O. A = AT when edges go both ways (undirected).
Basis for V.
Independent vectors VI, ... , v d whose linear combinations give each vector in V as v = CIVI + ... + CdVd. V has many bases, each basis gives unique c's. A vector space has many bases!
A matrix can be partitioned into matrix blocks, by cuts between rows and/or between columns. Block multiplication ofAB is allowed if the block shapes permit.
Circulant matrix C.
Constant diagonals wrap around as in cyclic shift S. Every circulant is Col + CIS + ... + Cn_lSn - l . Cx = convolution c * x. Eigenvectors in F.
When random variables Xi have mean = average value = 0, their covariances "'£ ij are the averages of XiX j. With means Xi, the matrix :E = mean of (x - x) (x - x) T is positive (semi)definite; :E is diagonal if the Xi are independent.
Diagonalizable matrix A.
Must have n independent eigenvectors (in the columns of S; automatic with n different eigenvalues). Then S-I AS = A = eigenvalue matrix.
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
A factorization of the Fourier matrix Fn into e = log2 n matrices Si times a permutation. Each Si needs only nl2 multiplications, so Fnx and Fn-1c can be computed with ne/2 multiplications. Revolutionary.
Hermitian matrix A H = AT = A.
Complex analog a j i = aU of a symmetric matrix.
Jordan form 1 = M- 1 AM.
If A has s independent eigenvectors, its "generalized" eigenvector matrix M gives 1 = diag(lt, ... , 1s). The block his Akh +Nk where Nk has 1 's on diagonall. Each block has one eigenvalue Ak and one eigenvector.
Kronecker product (tensor product) A ® B.
Blocks aij B, eigenvalues Ap(A)Aq(B).
Left nullspace N (AT).
Nullspace of AT = "left nullspace" of A because y T A = OT.
Matrix multiplication AB.
The i, j entry of AB is (row i of A)·(column j of B) = L aikbkj. By columns: Column j of AB = A times column j of B. By rows: row i of A multiplies B. Columns times rows: AB = sum of (column k)(row k). All these equivalent definitions come from the rule that A B times x equals A times B x .
Multiplicities AM and G M.
The algebraic multiplicity A M of A is the number of times A appears as a root of det(A - AI) = O. The geometric multiplicity GM is the number of independent eigenvectors for A (= dimension of the eigenspace).
Nilpotent matrix N.
Some power of N is the zero matrix, N k = o. The only eigenvalue is A = 0 (repeated n times). Examples: triangular matrices with zero diagonal.
In each column, choose the largest available pivot to control roundoff; all multipliers have leij I < 1. See condition number.
Pseudoinverse A+ (Moore-Penrose inverse).
The n by m matrix that "inverts" A from column space back to row space, with N(A+) = N(AT). A+ A and AA+ are the projection matrices onto the row space and column space. Rank(A +) = rank(A).
Rank one matrix A = uvT f=. O.
Column and row spaces = lines cu and cv.
Rank r (A)
= number of pivots = dimension of column space = dimension of row space.
Symmetric matrix A.
The transpose is AT = A, and aU = a ji. A-I is also symmetric.
Tridiagonal matrix T: tij = 0 if Ii - j I > 1.
T- 1 has rank 1 above and below diagonal.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401632671.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20200929060555-20200929090555-00761.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-40
| 4,200 | 48 |
https://www.astronomyclub.xyz/spherical-aberration-2/l-1.html
|
math
|
from (2.55). Combining (2.83) with (2.82) gives finally with L/s2 = m2
This is probably the most useful of all the paraxial formulae for Gregory and Cassegrain telescopes, for the following reason. In setting up the telescope design parameters it is normal to start with the diameter and the f/no of the primary, thereby defining f1. Also, the position of the final image I2 behind the primary is defined by technical considerations. This defines P. Usually a final f/no for the emergent beam is envisaged, which defines m2 from (2.55). Then Eq. (2.84) gives f2 = r2/2. The fundamental parameter remaining, which is dependent, is Ra. From (2.58) and (2.82), we have
These forms are useful, but a clearer indication of the driving parameters is given by substituting for P from (2.81) to give
A f1 (m2 - 1) m2 - 1 where b = b = L +(1 - Ra) , (2.87)
Equation (2.86) makes it clear what must be changed if Ra is too high (assuming b ^ |). m2 must be increased. So either f must be increased or f1 reduced. If the latter is preferred, to maintain the Light Transmission Power, the primary will be steeper and more difficult to make, but T will be increased giving a more compact solution. The denominator of (2.86) reveals the superiority of the Cassegrain form again since it is larger, m2 being negative in the Cassegrain form, if |m2| is the same for Gregory and Cassegrain solutions.
If f2 and P are given parameters, Eq. (2.84) gives for m2:
Finally, there are useful relations linking f2,L and m2. From (2.55) and (2.81) we have
Substitution in (2.84) gives the simple relation f2 = = £2 (mm+1) , (2.90)
from (2.55), a result which is also given directly by the reflection equation (2.35). We shall see in Chap. 3 that this is one of the most important paraxial relations in the aberration theory of 2-mirror telescopes.
The 'position of the entrance pupil has no influence on the Gaussian parameters of these telescope systems, but it does affect the diameters of the mirrors required. Conventionally, the entrance pupil is placed at the primary for the simple reason that the primary is the most difficult and expensive element in the system and is most efficiently used in this way. In this case, a supplement in diameter at the secondary is required if vignetting in the field is to be avoided. For the axial beam at the secondary, we have from (2.72)
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986653876.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20191014150930-20191014174430-00201.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2019-43
| 2,384 | 11 |
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117949
|
math
|
Many processes during embryonic development involve transport and reaction of molecules, or transport and proliferation of cells, within growing tissues. Mathematical models of such processes usually take the form of a reaction-diffusion partial differential equation (PDE) on a growing domain. Previous analyses of such models have mainly involved solving the PDEs numerically. Here, we present a framework for calculating the exact solution of a linear reaction-diffusion PDE on a growing domain. We derive an exact solution for a general class of one-dimensional linear reaction—diffusion process on 0<x<L(t), where L(t) is the length of the growing domain. Comparing our exact solutions with numerical approximations confirms the veracity of the method. Furthermore, our examples illustrate a delicate interplay between: (i) the rate at which the domain elongates, (ii) the diffusivity associated with the spreading density profile, (iii) the reaction rate, and (iv) the initial condition. Altering the balance between these four features leads to different outcomes in terms of whether an initial profile, located near x = 0, eventually overcomes the domain growth and colonizes the entire length of the domain by reaching the boundary where x = L(t).
Citation: Simpson MJ (2015) Exact Solutions of Linear Reaction-Diffusion Processes on a Uniformly Growing Domain: Criteria for Successful Colonization. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0117949. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117949
Academic Editor: Grant Lythe, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Received: October 24, 2014; Accepted: January 6, 2015; Published: February 18, 2015
Copyright: © 2015 Matthew J Simpson. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Data Availability: All relevant data are within the paper.
Funding: The author acknowledges the support from the Australian Research Council (FT130100148) (http://www.arc.gov.au/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Developmental processes are often associated with transport and reaction of molecules, or transport and proliferation of cells, within growing tissues [1, 2]. For example, the development of biological patterns, such as animal coat markings, is thought to arise due to the coupling between an activator-inhibitor Turing mechanism and additional transport induced by tissue growth [3–7]. Within the mathematical biology literature, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of incorporating domain growth into mathematical models of various biological processes including morphogen gradient formation and models of collective cell spreading . In addition to considering particular biological applications, other studies have focused on examining more theoretical questions associated with reactive transport processes on growing domains. Most notably, several previous studies have examined the relationship between discrete random walk models and associated continuum partial differential equation (PDE) descriptions [10–14].
One particular biological application where transport and reaction (proliferation) of cells takes place on a growing domain is the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) [15–21]. This developmental process involves neural crest precursor cells entering the oral end of the developing gut. Individual precursor cells migrate and proliferate, which results in the formation of a moving front of precursor cells which travels towards the anal end of the developing gut. This colonization process is complicated by the fact that the gut tissues elongate simultaneously as the cell front moves . Normal development requires that the moving front of precursor cells reaches the anal end of the developing tissue. Abnormal development is thought to be associated with situations where the moving front of cells fails to completely colonize the growing gut tissue .
One of the first mathematical models of ENS development, described by Landman et al. , is a PDE description of the migration and proliferation of a population of precursor cells on a uniformly growing tissue. Landman et al. use their model to mimic ENS development by considering an initial condition where the population of precursor cells is initially confined towards one end of the domain. Landman et al. solve the governing PDE numerically and use these numerical solutions to explore whether the population of cells can colonize the entire length of the growing domain within a certain period of time. In particular, Landman et al. highlights an important interaction between: (i) the initial distribution of cells; (ii) the migration rate of cells; (iii) the proliferation rate of cells; and (iv) the growth rate of the underlying tissue. Landman et al. explore the relationship between these four factors using an approximate numerical solution of the PDE model. These previous numerical results suggest that successful colonization requires: (i) that the initial length of colonization must be sufficiently large, (ii) that the migration rate of cells is sufficiently large, (iii) that the proliferation rate of cells is sufficiently large, and (iv) that the growth rate of the underlying tissue is sufficiently small.
In addition to presenting numerical solutions, Landman et al. also presents analysis for the special case where there is no cell diffusion. This analysis involves solving a simplified hyperbolic PDE model using the method of characteristics. While this analysis offers useful insight, Landman et al. does not provide any exact solutions for the case where diffusive transport is included. Developing results relevant for diffusive transport is relevant since there are many types of cells for which diffusion is thought to be the dominant mechanism .
The focus of the present work is to consider a linear reaction-diffusion process on a growing domain with a view to obtaining an exact solution of the associated PDE. After transforming the PDE to a fixed domain we obtain a PDE with variable coefficients. The variable coefficient PDE is simplified using an appropriate transformation which enables us to obtain an exact solution using separation of variables. While our strategy for obtaining an exact solution is quite general, we present specific results for linear and exponentially elongating domains. After verifying the accuracy of our exact solutions using numerical approximations, we summarise our results in terms of a concise condition that can be used to distinguish between successful or unsuccessful colonization. We conclude this study by acknowledging the limitations of our analysis, and we outline some further extensions of our approach which could be implemented in future studies.
Materials and methods
We consider a linear reaction-diffusion process on a one-dimensional domain, 0 < x < L(t), where L(t) is the increasing length of the domain. Domain growth is associated with a velocity field which causes a point at location x to move to x + v(x, t)τ during a small time period of duration τ . By considering the expansion of an element of initial width Δx, we can derive an expression relating L(t) and v(x, t), which can be written as (1)
Like others [3, 4, 22], we consider uniform growth conditions where is independent of position, but potentially depends on time, t, so that we have . Combining this definition with Equation (1) gives: (2)
Without loss of generality, we assume that the domain elongates in the positive x-direction with the origin fixed, so that v(0, t) = 0. Integrating Equation (2) gives (3)
We now consider conservation of mass of some density function, C(x, t), assuming that the population density function evolves according to a linear reaction–diffusion mechanism. The associated conservation statement on the growing domain can be written as (4) on 0 < x < L(t), where D > 0 is the diffusivity, k is the production rate and v is the velocity associated with the underlying domain growth, given by Equation (3). We note that setting k > 0 represents a source term which is relevant to ENS development since the precursor cells proliferate [16–18, 20]; however, our approach can also be used to study decay processes by setting k < 0.
To solve Equation (4) we must specify initial conditions and boundary conditions. Motivated by Landman et al. , we choose (5) which corresponds to some initial length of the domain, 0 ≤ x < β, being uniformly colonized at density C0, with the remaining portion of the domain being uncolonized. We suppose that we have zero diffusive flux conditions at both boundaries, at x = 0 and x = L(t), and we now seek to find an exact solution, C(x, t).
The first step in our solution strategy is to transform the spatial variable to a fixed domain, [3, 4, 10–12, 22], giving (6) on 0 < ξ < 1. Recalling that , we re-write Equation (6) as (7) where, in the transformed coordinates, the impact of domain growth manifests in two different ways:
- the coefficient of the diffusive transport term is inversely proportional to L2(t), and hence decreases with time, and
- the addition of a source term, −Cσ(t), represents dilution associated with the expanding domain.
Following Crank we re-scale time, (8) giving (9)
Equation (8) gives a relationship between the original time variable, t, and the transformed variable, T, which means that we can write Equation (9) as (10) whose solution, with zero diffusive flux conditions at both boundaries, can be obtained by applying separation of variables , giving (11) where . Our exact solution for C(ξ, T) can be re-written in terms of the original coordinates, giving C(x, t). The Fourier coefficients, an, can be chosen to ensure that the exact solution satisfies the initial condition, given by Equation (5). Our framework for finding C(x, t) is quite general and does not depend on any particular form of the initial condition. We now present the details for a few relevant choices of L(t).
Case 0: Non-growing domain.
Before we present results for a growing domain it is instructive to consider the solution of Equation (4), with the same initial condition and boundary conditions, on a non-growing domain, 0 < x < L. With L(t) = L, we have σ(t) = 0 and . Later, when we compare the solution of Equation (4) on a growing domain with the solution on a non-growing domain, it will be useful to recall that on a non-growing domain, as t → ∞, we have T → ∞, since D > 0 and L > 0. On the non-growing domain the solution of Equation (4) can be written as (12) where , and .
Case 1: Exponential domain growth.
With L(t) = L(0)exp(αt), we have σ(t) = α and , for which we note that as t → ∞, we have , since α > 0. This limiting behavior is different to the limiting behavior under non-growing conditions. For an exponentially-elongating domain, the solution of Equation (4) can be written as (13) where , and .
Case 2: Linear domain growth.
With L(t) = L(0) + bt, we have and , for which as t → ∞, we have , since D > 0 and b > 0. For a linearly-elongating domain, the solution of Equation (4) can be written as (14) where , and .
Comparison of exact and numerical solutions
We now present some examples to highlight key features of the model. First we compare plots of C(x, t) generated using the exact solution with plots of C(x, t) computed numerically. To generate the numerical approximations we discretise Equation (7) using a central finite difference approximation on a uniformly discretized domain, 0 < ξ < 1, with uniform mesh spacing δξ. The resulting system of coupled ordinary differential equations is integrated through time using a backward Euler approximation with uniform time steps of duration δt. At each time step the resulting system of tridiagonal linear equations is solved using the Thomas algorithm . All numerical results presented correspond to choices of δξ and δt so that the numerical results are grid-independent.
Results in Fig. 1A–C compare exact and numerical solutions on an exponentially-growing domain at t = 0,10 and 20, and we see that the exact and numerical solutions are indistinguishable. A summary of the properties of the solutions in the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 20 is given in a space-time diagram in Fig. 1D, which compares the length of the domain, L(t), and the position of the front, f(t). Here, we define the position of the front to be the spatial location where C(x, t) = 0.01. This means that we have f(0) = β. Comparing L(t) and f(t) in Fig. 1D indicates that the C(x, t) profile moves in the positive x-direction as time increases; however, the distance between L(t) and f(t) increases with time such that the C(x, t) profile does not colonize the domain by t = 20.
All results correspond to an exponentially-elongating domain, L(t) = L(0)exp(αt), with L(0) = 1 and α = 0.1. The initial condition is given by Equation (5) with β = 0.2 and C0 = 1. In all cases we consider a linear source term with k = 0.105. Results in (a)–(d) correspond to D = 1 × 10−5, results in (e)–(h) correspond to D = 1 × 10−3, and results in (i)–(l) correspond to D = 1 × 10−2. For all three sets of parameter combinations we show the solution at t = 0,10 and t = 20, as indicated. The exact solutions, presented in (a)–(c), (e)–(g) and (i)–(k) (solid blue), correspond to Equation (13), where we truncate the infinite sum after 1000 terms. The numerical solutions, presented in (a)–(c), (e)–(g) and (i)–(k) (dashed red), are numerical approximations of Equation (7) with δξ = 0.001 and δt = 0.001. The space–time diagrams summarising the time evolution of the length of the domain, L(t), and the position of the front of the C(x, t) density profile, f(t), given in (d), (h) and (l), are constructed by defining f(t) to be the position where C(x, t) = 0.01.
Results in Fig. 1E–G correspond to the same initial condition and parameters used in Fig. 1A–C except that we increased the diffusivity, D. Comparing results in Fig. 1E–G with the solutions in Fig. 1A–C indicates that the front moves faster with an increase in D, as we might anticipate. However, the summary of the time evolution of L(t) and f(t) in Fig. 1H confirms that the increase in D is insufficient for colonization to occur by t = 20. In contrast, the results in Fig. 1I–K correspond to the same initial condition and parameters as in Fig. 1E–G except that we have further increased D. This time we see that the front reaches L(t), and we have full colonization after t ≈ 16.
To further explore the competition between various processes in the model we compare some additional exact and numerical solutions in Fig. 2, where again we see that in all cases considered, the numerical solutions are visually indistinguishable from the exact solutions. The set of results in Fig. 2A–D is identical to the set of results shown previously in Fig. 1E–H, which corresponds to a case where the domain does not become fully colonized within the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 20. We present a second set of results, in Fig. 2E–H, which are identical to those in Fig. 2A–D except for a change in the initial condition. We note that the initial condition in Fig. 2A–D corresponds to C(x,0) = 1 for 0 ≤ x < 0.2 and C(x,0) = 0 for 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 1, whereas the initial condition in Fig. 2E–H corresponds to C(x,0) = 1 for 0 ≤ x < 0.75 and C(x,0) = 0 for 0.75 ≤ x ≤ 1. The situation in Fig. 2A–D leads to unsuccessful colonization by t = 20 whereas the situation in Fig. 2E–H leads to successful colonization after t ≈ 14. A third set of results, in Fig. 2I–L, are identical to those in Fig. 2A–D except for a change in the production term k. For k = 0.105, profiles in Fig. 2A–D do not colonize the growing domain by t = 20. In contrast, when we increase the production to k = 1.705, profiles in Fig. 2I–L indicate that colonization occurs after t ≈ 20.
All results correspond to an exponentially-elongating domain, L(t) = L(0)exp(αt), with L(0) = 1 and α = 0.1. The initial condition is given by Equation (5) with C0 = 1, and in all cases we set D = 1 × 10−3. Results in (a)–(d) correspond to a narrow initial condition, β = 0.2, with k = 0.105. Results in (e)–(h) correspond to a wide initial condition, β = 0.75, with k = 0.105. Results in (i)–(l) correspond to a narrow initial condition, β = 0.2, with k = 1.705. For each set of parameter combinations we show the solution at t = 0,10 and t = 20, as indicated. The exact solutions, presented in (a)–(c), (e)–(g) and (i)–(k) (solid blue), correspond to Equation (13), where we truncate the infinite sum after 1000 terms. The numerical solutions, presented in (a)–(c), (e)–(g) and (i)–(k) (dashed red), correspond to are numerical approximations of Equation (7) with δξ = 0.001 and δt = 0.001. The space–time diagrams summarising the time evolution of the length of the domain, L(t), and the position of the front of the C(x, t) density profile, f(t), given in (d), (h) and (l), are constructed by defining f(t) to be the position where C(x, t) = 0.01.
Although all results presented in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 correspond to an exponentially-growing domain, we also generated exact and numerical results for a linearly elongating domain (not shown), and we note two key outcomes. First, similar to the results in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, we found that the exact solution and the numerical solutions compare very well. Second, we found that altering the initial condition, D, k and the growth rate, b, could affect whether or not the system colonized within a specified time interval.
Criteria for colonization
Now that we have derived exact solutions describing a linear reaction–diffusion process on a growing domain we can use the new solution to write down a condition which can be used to distinguish between situations which lead to successful colonization from situations which lead to unsuccessful colonization. For our initial condition, given by Equation (5), we aim to identify whether the spreading density profile, C(x, t), ever reaches the boundary, x = L(t), by some threshold time t★. To explore this we must examine the quantity C(L(t★), t★) by substituting x = L(t★) and t = t★ into Equation (11). Having evaluated this quantity, we test whether C(L(t★), t★) > ɛ, in which case we have successful colonization by time t★. Alternatively, if C(L(t★), t★) < ɛ, we have unsuccessful colonization by time t★. Here ɛ is some user-defined small tolerance. For example, to interpret the results in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, we set ɛ = 0.01 to determine the position of the front, and this choice of ɛ could be used to make a distinction between successful and unsuccessful colonization in other applications.
We now demonstrate how our results are sensitive to the choice of ɛ. If we choose a slightly larger tolerance, say ɛ = 0.015, our conclusions about the results in Fig. 1 are slightly different. With ɛ = 0.015, our conclusion about the situations in Fig. 1A–D and Fig. 1E–H remains unchanged and colonization never occurs. However, for the parameter combination in Fig. 1I–L, the position of the moving front, according to the larger tolerance, takes a longer period of time to reach x = L(t). Instead of reaching x = L(t) by t ≈ 16 with ɛ = 0.01, when we choose ɛ = 0.015, colonization does not occur until t ≈ 60.
Discussion and Conclusions
In this work we derive an exact solution for a linear reaction–diffusion PDE on a uniformly growing domain. Our framework is relevant for a general class of uniformly growing domains, 0 < x < L(t), and we present specific results for exponentially-elongating domains, L(t) = L(0)exp(αt), with α > 0, and linearly-elongating domains, L(t) = L(0) + bt, with b > 0. While our approach is relevant for a general class of initial conditions, motivated by Landman et al.’s previous work , we consider an initial condition relevant to ENS development where we consider C(x,0) to be localised near one boundary of the domain. Then, using our exact solution, we explore whether the density profile evolves such that it can overcome the domain growth and colonize the entire length of the domain by reaching the other boundary, within some particular time interval.
It is interesting to note, and discuss, several differences between the solution of the linear reaction–diffusion PDE on a non-growing domain, given by Equation (12), and the solutions of the same PDE on a growing domain, such as Equations (13) and (14). In the usual way, the solution on a non-growing domain (Equation (12)) indicates that after a sufficiently long period of time the exact solution can be approximated by the first few terms in the infinite series since the factor guarantees that further terms in the series decrease exponentially fast with time. On a non-growing domain, this could be used to develop useful approximations to Equation (12), such as (15)
Such approximations are well-known to be accurate after a sufficiently long period of time [26, 27]. One of the key differences between the solutions of Equation (4) on a growing and non-growing domain becomes obvious when we consider whether it is possible to develop a useful approximation of the exact solution in the long-time limit on a growing domain. Since Equation (11) contains the factor exp(−(nπ)2 T), it is tempting to think that we may truncate the infinite series after one or two terms to obtain a useful approximation to the exact solution when T becomes sufficiently large. This kind of approximation is possible in the non-growing case where, as we previously noted, when t → ∞, we have T → ∞. However, different behavior occurs in the growing domain solutions. In particular, for the exponentially-growing domain, as t → ∞ we have . Similarly, in the linearly-growing domain case, as t → ∞ we have . This means that it may not be possible to develop simple approximations for sufficiently large t. Indeed, we explored whether it is possible to approximate the exact solutions in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 using a two-term truncation of Equation (13) and we found that this produced a very poor approximation, even for much larger values of t than reported here, such as t = 100.
Since we rely on separation of variables and superposition to construct our exact solution, one of the key limitations of our strategy is that the exact solution applies only to a linear reaction–diffusion process. While many reaction–diffusion models are inherently nonlinear, there is a real practical value in the use of linear models, since linear PDE models are often used to approximate the solution of related nonlinear PDE models . For example, Hickson et al. analyses the critical timescale of a nonlinear reaction-diffusion process by arguing that the nonlinear PDE model can be approximated by a linear PDE model. Similarly, Swanson provides insight into moving cell fronts by studying an exact solution of a linear PDE model. In this case, Swanson assumes that the linear PDE model can be used to approximate the solution of a nonlinear PDE. Using a similar approach, Witelski studies the motion of wetting fronts in variably saturated porous media, which is governed by a nonlinear PDE, by first analysing the solution of a related linear PDE model. These kinds of approximations are invoked in many other situations such as the study of flow in saturated porous media [32, 33], solid-liquid separation processes , and food manufacturing . Therefore, while our exact solution cannot be applied directly to study the solution of nonlinear PDE models, the basic properties of the linear PDE model can be used to provide insight into reaction–diffusion processes on a growing domain. In addition to this practical value, we believe that the exact solution is inherently interesting from a mathematical point of view.
There are several ways in which the exact solution strategy presented in this work could be extended. Although we have only considered a single species reaction–diffusion processes with one dependent variable, C(x, t), in principle our solution strategy could also be applied to multispecies reaction–diffusion processes involving several dependent variables, C1(x, t), C2(x, t), C3(x, t), …, that are coupled through a linear reaction network [36, 37]. We anticipate that these kinds of multispecies problems could be solved exactly on a uniformly growing domain by first applying a linear transformation which uncouples the reaction network . After this uncoupling transformation, our solution strategy could be applied to solve each uncoupled PDE before applying the inverse uncoupling transform to give an exact solution for the coupled multispecies PDE problem on a growing domain. We leave this extension for future consideration.
I am grateful for assistance from Sean McElwain, Scott McCue, Ruth Baker and the referee.
Conceived and designed the experiments: MJS. Performed the experiments: MJS. Analyzed the data: MJS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MJS. Wrote the paper: MJS.
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Assume that the Laplace transform
converges for all sufficiently large , and is infinitely differentiable in a neighborhood of the origin. Then
If, in addition, is infinitely differentiable on and
is finite and bounded for , then the th error term (that is, the difference between the integral and th partial sum in (2.3.2)) is bounded in absolute value by when exceeds both and .
For the Fourier integral
assume and are finite, and is infinitely differentiable on . Then
Alternatively, assume , is infinitely differentiable on , and each of the integrals , , converges as uniformly for all sufficiently large . Then
In both cases the th error term is bounded in absolute value by , where the variational operator is defined by
Assume again that the integral (2.3.1) converges for all sufficiently large , but now
For the function see §5.2(i).
This result is probably the most frequently used method for deriving asymptotic expansions of special functions. Since need not be continuous (as long as the integral converges), the case of a finite integration range is included. For an extension with more general -powers see Bleistein and Handelsman (1975, §4.1).
Other types of singular behavior in the integrand can be treated in an analogous manner. For example,
provided that the integral on the left-hand side of (2.3.9) converges for all sufficiently large values of . (In other words, differentiation of (2.3.8) with respect to the parameter (or ) is legitimate.)
where are positive constants. Then
where is the Mellin transform of (§2.5(i)).
When is real and is a large positive parameter, the main contribution to the integral
derives from the neighborhood of the minimum of in the integration range. Without loss of generality, we assume that this minimum is at the left endpoint . Furthermore:
and are continuous in a neighborhood of , save possibly at , and the minimum of in is approached only at .
and the expansion for is differentiable. Again and are positive constants. Also (consistent with (a)).
The integral (2.3.13) converges absolutely for all sufficiently large .
where the coefficients are defined by the expansion
in which . For example,
Watson’s lemma can be regarded as a special case of this result.
When the parameter is large the contributions from the real and imaginary parts of the integrand in
oscillate rapidly and cancel themselves over most of the range. However, cancellation does not take place near the endpoints, owing to lack of symmetry, nor in the neighborhoods of zeros of because changes relatively slowly at these stationary points.
The first result is the analog of Watson’s lemma (§2.3(ii)). Assume that again has the expansion (2.3.7) and this expansion is infinitely differentiable, is infinitely differentiable on , and each of the integrals , , converges at , uniformly for all sufficiently large . Then
where the coefficients are given by (2.3.7).
For the more general integral (2.3.19) we assume, without loss of generality, that the stationary point (if any) is at the left endpoint. Furthermore:
On , and are infinitely differentiable and .
As the asymptotic expansions (2.3.14) apply, and each is infinitely differentiable. Again , , and are positive.
If the limit of as is finite, then each of the functions
tends to a finite limit .
If , then and each of the integrals
converges at uniformly for all sufficiently large .
If is finite, then both endpoints contribute:
But if (d) applies, then the second sum is absent. The coefficients are defined as in §2.3(iii).
In the integral
() and are positive constants, is a variable parameter in an interval with and , and is a large positive parameter. Assume also that and are continuous in and , and for each the minimum value of in is at , at which point vanishes, but both and are nonzero. When Laplace’s method (§2.3(iii)) applies, but the form of the resulting approximation is discontinuous at . In consequence, the approximation is nonuniform with respect to and deteriorates severely as .
A uniform approximation can be constructed by quadratic change of integration variable:
where and are functions of chosen in such a way that corresponds to , and the stationary points and correspond. Thus
the upper or lower sign being taken according as . The relationship between and is one-to-one, and because
it is free from singularity at .
The integral (2.3.24) transforms into
being the value of at . We now expand in a Taylor series centered at the peak value of the exponential factor in the integrand:
with the coefficients continuous at . The desired uniform expansion is then obtained formally as in Watson’s lemma and Laplace’s method. We replace the limit by and integrate term-by-term:
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/155400-trouble-difference-quotient.html
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Can anyone demonstrate the difference quotient f(x) = -6/sqrt(3-4x)
I have worked on that problem for an hour.. tried a few different things.. and I'm flat out lost...
i have gotten so far as -6(sqrt(3-4x-4h) + 6(sqrt(3-4x) / h(sqrt(3-4x))(sqrt(3-4x-4h) however, from there I become unsure what to do. I've thought about multiplying the sqrt on the bottom to give (h)(3+4x)(sqrt(-4h) then multiplying top and bottom by (sqrt(-4h) however, for some reason it seems like doing that is just going to end up leading me in circles.. I thought about multiplying the top using the difference of squares.. but, then that complicates the bottom even more..
If that is what I have to do I will do it.. but, it seems unrealistic to go that route because, I would think I would ultimately complicate the top again clearing the bottom..
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https://lotrminecraftmod.fandom.com/wiki/Thread:427722
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1)Chat is only available at a distance of 100 blocks between players.
2)For a larger radius, you will need carrier pigeons or crows. You should also add a new property to a sheet of paper (like a book, but with one traveler). It can be increased in size by creating a player from 4 sheets of paper in the player’s inventory
3)It is also worth adding the Certification Seal. They will increase the transmission speed of the letter (no seal = 5 minutes, regular seal = 3 minutes, lord seal = 1 minute). Each print will depend on reputation (no seal - from 0 to 100, regular seal - from 100 to 1000, lord seal - from 1000)
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https://centrofeldenkraismovimento.it/11424449/
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Unit 9 probability and statistics homework 5 answers
When you have Statistics questions, ask Tutors for answers.Unit 9: Probability and Statistics Grade 9 Math Theoretical Probability – number of favorable outcomes to the event number of possible outcomes When we refer to probability we are usually referring to theoretical probability.Get help with your Statistics homework.Name: Date Unit 9:Probability & Statistics Homework S: Using Samples to Predict Per This is a 2-page document Identity the population and the sample 2.MyStatLab: MyStatLab is the online homework software and the access code to this software is included with your textbook (edition 13).Compare the experimental probability you found in part a to its theoretical.234-237 #7-9, 11-13 *14-17, 11, 1, 2 **5, 6, 4, 3.From Artificial Intelligence to Machine Learning and Computer Vision, Statistics and Probability form the basic foundation to all such technologies.File Type PDF Apex Probability And Statistics Answers Apex Probability And Statistics Answers Thank you utterly much for downloading apex probability and statistics answers.Face any statistics or probability question on the SAT The probability course, in most cases, is a course that is offered among statistics units.Find correct step-by-step solutions for ALL your homework for FREE!Probability unit is not among the easy units.Choose from 500 different sets of probability unit 9 flashcards on Quizlet Probability and Statistics Exercises.2 Probability Rules; Notes (9/21) Probability Rules Homework (9/21) Joint Probabilities Classwork/Homework (9/22) 5.In particular, we will focus on matters related to data collection and how survey data may be manipulated to produce differing results PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS BY ENGR.Doestrogen anyone know the answers to the unit 8 lesson 4 quiz?Unit 9 Probability and Statistics; Comments 5.Probability that exactly four of the 12 freshmen will not return for their sophomore year is a.Find the experimental probability of landing on a 2.Data collection project plan (section 9.We assist you to solve one of your Statistics homework help questions free of charge every 24 hours*.Instead of wasting time unit 9 probability and statistics homework 5 answers
on amateur tutors, hire experienced essay tutors for proper guidance.Statistics and probability archive containing a full list of statistics and probability questions and answers from April 06 2021.Ignoring twins and other mutiple births, assume babies born at a hospital are independent events unit 9 probability and statistics homework 5 answers with the probability that a baby is a boy and the probability that a baby is a girl both equal to 0.Re-Presentation of data criteria/work time 12.** Directions: Find the total number of outcomes that are possible.What is the probability that an unprepared student will, by chance, get, a.Re-Presentation of data criteria/work time 12.If you don't see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom ↓ Course Hero has thousands of statistics and Probability study resources to help you.10 Chapter Test (from textbook) Answer Key: File Size: File Size: 121 kb: File Type: pdf: Download File.
Statistics unit 9 and answers 5 homework probability
end taking place in harmful downloads 8.The access code can be purchased separately at the Ryerson bookstore.Bell, operations with complex numbers, gina wilson all things algebra 2013 answers, gina wilson of 2014.Probability and Statistics Questions and Answers.(d) There are 30 possible outcomes where the dice land on di erent numbers.Robin Hirsch November 5, 2009 Exercises 1.The answers to these problems are at the bottom of the page.By analysing data statisticians hope to be able to draw conclusions or make predictions.More Problems on probability and statistics are presented.Post your instructions, and you`ll get offers to your email within 10 minutes!Sample: 5 cards Population: Deck of Cards Population: New York; Sample: 1 county Population: Jar Sample: The ones Determine whether the sample of Jellybeans outside the jar 4 Learn probability unit 9 with free interactive flashcards.There is no way to escape MyopenMath Homework.Ignoring twins and other mutiple births, assume babies born at a hospital are independent events with the probability that a baby is a boy and the probability that a baby is a girl both equal to 0.Advanced Placement (AP) Statistics.There is no way to escape MyopenMath Homework.Unit Objectives Prior Knowledge: Calculate probabilities of single and double events.Displaying top 8 worksheets found for - Gina Wilsin All Things Algebra 2016 Answer Keys.230-233 #4-8, 10, 1 *11-12, 2 **3; Don’t do #9 Thursday, May 16: Lesson 11.It is a course requirement that you to do and submit your homework via unit 9 probability and statistics homework 5 answers
myStatLab to earn 5% of the course assessment Search for Homework Key Statistics 211 Practice Exam 2 Answer key 1..Math Problems; Statistics and Probability Problems with Answers sample 1.We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to unit 9 probability and statistics homework 5 answers
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http://theblogbooster.com/unsorted/hermite-gauss-quadrature-matlab-34322726.html
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math
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I would use a high-order Gauss—Hermite quadrature rule. So is there any way to know the integral directly from -Inf to Inf. Sign up or log in Sign up using Google. Wauzl Wauzl 3 3 silver badges 16 16 bronze badges. Besides, event at orderthe Gaussian multiplier is about 2Eso the integrand's contribution is extremely minimal.
Nodes and weights for Legendre Laguerre and Hermite - Gauss Quadrature. 11 Ratings Is it me or these routines are not working correctly in Matlab b?
Video: Hermite gauss quadrature matlab 43- Gauss Quadrature Method for Numerical Integration Using MATLAB
PS. I have been using. Legendre-Gauss Quadrature Weights and Nodes. Integrates a function using gauss-hermite method Legendre Laguerre and Hermite - Gauss Quadrature Legendre-Gauss Quadrature Weights and Nodes. How do I get the nodes and weights for a gauss hermite quadrature for 'n' points?
matlab numerical integration for Gaussian function indefinite integral Stack Overflow
There are matlab files that integrate using the gauss hermite method but I need.
I would use a high-order Gauss—Hermite quadrature rule.
Gauss Hermite Quadrature nodes and weights MATLAB Answers MATLAB Central
Post as a guest Name. This is machine translation Translated by.
The polynomials' roots are the evaluation points x i.
0 Ratings. 0 Downloads Legendre Laguerre and Hermite - Gauss Quadrature. 13 Downloads. HERMITE_RULE, a MATLAB program which generates a specific Gauss-Hermite quadrature rule, based on user input. The rule is written to.
July and how people are learning and teaching code.
Legendre Laguerre and Hermite Gauss Quadrature File Exchange MATLAB Central
Simplify it, and convert it into a floating point vector:. There is a way to avoid this by explicitly computing the weights, but I decided to be lazy. This case is known as Gauss-Laguerre quadrature. Should we burninate the [linear] tag? Google got Looker.
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https://projecteuclid.org/journals/experimental-mathematics/volume-8/issue-3/Solving-the-sextic-by-iteration--a-study-in-complex/em/1047262404.full
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We use the Valentiner action of $\mathcal A_6$ on $\mathbb C \mathbb P^2$ to develop an iterative algorithm for the solution of the general sextic equation over $\mathbb C$, analogous to Doyle and McMullen's algorithm for the quintic.
"Solving the sextic by iteration: a study in complex geometry and dynamics." Experiment. Math. 8 (3) 209 - 240, 1999.
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http://geodetski-vestnik.com/en/530?ml=1
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In this article, we discuss the procedure for computing the values of the unknowns under the condition of the minimum sum of squares of the observation residuals (least-squares method), taking into account the errors in the unknowns. Many authors have already presented the problem, especially in the field of regression analysis and computations of transformation parameters. We present an overview of the theoretical foundations of the least-squares method and extensions of this method by considering the errors in unknowns in the model matrix. The method, which can be called ‘the total least-squares method’, is presented in the paper for the case of fitting the regression line to a set of points and for the case of calculating transformation parameters for the transition between the old and the new Slovenian national coordinate systems. With the results based on relevant statistics, we confirm the suitability of the considered method for solving such tasks.
Key words: least-squares adjustment, TLS, SVD, errors, transformation
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https://www.arxiv-vanity.com/papers/1101.0448/
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Planar quantum squeezing and atom interferometry
We obtain a lower bound on the sum of two orthogonal spin component variances in a plane. This gives a novel planar uncertainty relation which holds even when the Heisenberg relation is not useful. We investigate the asymptotic, large limit, and derive the properties of the planar quantum squeezed states that saturate this uncertainty relation. These states extend the concept of spin squeezing to any two conjugate spin directions. We show that planar quantum squeezing can be achieved experimentally as the ground state of a Bose-Einstein condensate in two coupled potential wells with a critical attractive interaction. These states reduce interferometric phase noise at all phase angles simultaneously. This is useful for one-shot interferometric phase-measurements where the measured phase is completely unknown. Our results can also be used to derive entanglement criteria for multiple spins at separated sites, with applications in quantum information.
pacs:03.65.Ta, 42.50.St, 03.65.Ud, 03.75.Gg
Heisenberg’s famous uncertainty relation for angular momentum takes the well-known product form . If , as in a singlet state, the Heisenberg relation becomes trivial: it only constrains the spin variances to positive values. Nevertheless, there are still fundamental limits to these uncertainties, which are directly related to quantum limits on interferometric phase measurements spinsqkiti ; spinsqwine ; oberthaler ; oberthaler2010 ; atom-chip , together with problems like macroscopic entanglement Vedral ; hoftoth ; spinsq ; toth2009 , Bohm’s Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox eprbohmparadox and steering hw-1-1 ; wiseman2007 ; cavalsteerepr ; naturephysteer .
Reduction of quantum noise in one spin component - or single-axis squeezing - is a valuable tool for enhancing the sensitivity of interferometers and atomic clocks spinsqkiti ; spinsqwine . It has been recently implemented for ultra-cold atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) interferometers oberthaler ; oberthaler2010 ; atom-chip . This type of quantum noise reduction reduces the measurement noise near some predetermined phase. However, if the phase is completely unknown prior to measurement, then it is not known which phase quadrature should be in a squeezed state.
In this paper we demonstrate that spin operators permit another type of quantum squeezing that we call planar quantum squeezing (PQS), which simultaneously reduces the quantum noise of two orthogonal spin projections below the standard quantum limit of , while increasing the noise in a third dimension. This allows the prospect of improved phase measurements at any phase-angle. PQS states that reduce fluctuations everywhere in a plane have potential utility in ‘one-shot’ phase measurements, where iterative or repeated measurement strategies cannot be utilized.
Here is the spin projection parallel to a plane, so in the plane, , and is the minimum of the uncertainty sum for quantum states with fixed spin . While values of for finkel and hoftoth were known previously, we calculate for arbitrary spin quantum number . We show that the uncertainty principle has a fractional exponent behavior, with and that states saturating this uncertainty condition have variances with the same fractional power law exponents in two orthogonal directions. These also have a mean spin vector in the direction of greatest variance reduction. The variance perpendicular to the squeezing plane is increased, with . The overall three-dimensional variance has an ellipsoidal shape, graphed in Fig. 1. We show that the ground state of a two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with attractive interactions gives the maximum possible PQS, making this an important candidate for interferometric measurements.
As well as allowing improved interferometric phase measurements, planar uncertainty relations are useful for the detection of non-classical behavior in mesoscopic systems with large total spin . The general form of the corresponding two-spin Local Uncertainty Relation (LUR) criterion to detect entanglement among sites of spin particles is
where represents the collective spin operator, and the particular case of has been considered by Hofmann and Takeuchi hoftoth as a criterion for entanglement between two sites. Larger values signify multipartite entanglement. Experiments involving measurements in two spin directions expphotonweinfurt have employed a similar inequality to detect genuine multipartite entanglement in four qubit states tothjosaBdickefour .
We extend this microscopic analysis to mesoscopic spins of arbitrary , and hence show that equation (2) is a multipartite entanglement criterion for sites. This entanglement signature is valid in the mesoscopic limit of large , and applies regardless of the third component, which may not be readily measurable.
Ii Planar Uncertainty Relations
Our first task is to find the lower bound of the planar uncertainty relation equation (1). We consider states of fixed spin dimensionality . The most general pure quantum state of this type has dimension . Expressed in the basis, this state is:
Here are real numbers indicating amplitude and phase respectively, and the normalization coefficient is .
ii.1 Uncertainty Minimization
To obtain a lower bound on the variance sum we minimize the uncertainty over all possible expansion coefficients, using:
Due to spherical symmetry, it is enough to consider the uncertainty relation in the plane. We can choose axes in the plane so that , with no loss of generality. We calculate the expectation values in the basis. We find that the squared projections are
where we have defined . On maximizing the magnitude with respect to the phase variable, and introducing , , we find that the mean projections satisfy:
Using these equations, we can numerically obtained the value of for any spin , by using nonlinear optimization techniques (we used the quasi-Newton method implemented via the Mathematica 8.0 FindMinimum functionmathematica ) to search for the minimum value of equation (4) given any possible coefficients.
ii.2 Asymptotic values:
We wish to obtain the asymptotic, large limit of the planar uncertainty principle using an integral approximation. The mean spin projections for any quantum state are:
For we replace the summation over discrete values of by an integral over a continuous range of . We define , and introduce scaled variables of and , so that the normalization integral becomes:
For the mean squared spin vector, taking equation (5) in the limit of one obtains
For the mean value term in equation (6), we also replace summations by integrals in the limit of and define a slightly modified variable . Next, using a Taylor expansion, we obtain:
After integrating by parts, and defining , this can be expressed as a variational calculus problem. We minimize as a function of , where
Due to the symmetry of the integrand around , the minimum function must have a reflection symmetry with a maximum at . In the large limit we can assume a relatively narrow Gaussian solution of variance , where , is still undetermined, and:
With this choice, we can extend the integration limits to to leading order in . This means that , and on expanding the integrand one finds that:
Next, we expand the variational integral, retaining leading terms only. We use the results that:
giving a corresponding asymptotic estimate for of
Applying variational calculus so that , and solving in the limit of large , we find that . This means that:
Using this asymptotic form, and numerically fitting the tabulated results with a series in , we obtain the following analytic approximation to :
This is given in Fig. 2 by the solid curve, in good agreement with our numerical results: within for .
Iii Characterization of the minimum variance state
We now wish to characterize the properties of the state that minimizes a planar variance sum. The main difference can be seen if one considers that not all the states that minimize the Heisenberg product have planar squeezing. For example, the state with is an eigenstate of the spin projection in the direction. This gives a minimum variance (zero) in one direction, but cannot minimize the variance sum. It is not a planar squeezed state, since the orthogonal variances are not reduced below the standard quantum limit.
iii.1 Optimum planar squeezed state:
We wish to analyze the detailed asymptotic properties of the planar quantum squeezed state that saturates the uncertainty principle. We consider states of fixed spin dimensionality , and calculate the mean value of in the basis as in equation (7). As previously, we choose axes with squeezing in the plane and . By selecting the phase as , we get a minimum planar variance, and a non-vanishing mean value in . This is a generic property of planar squeezed minimum variance states, which always have a spin vector with a finite mean amplitude in the plane of minimum variance.
The value of the spin variance in each direction in the plane still needs to be calculated, in order to define the properties of the planar squeezed state. We assume a symmetric amplitude distribution with , so that . The mean values are then given as in equation (6), by:
Introducing , , we find the squared spin projections and correlations are:
We now treat the asymptotic, large limit using an integral approximation as previously. For the mean value term, on replacing summations by integrals, in the limit of and defining , and we obtain:
where . We know that to get the minimum variance. To leading order, one finds that:
Next, we expand the variational integral, retaining leading terms only, giving
Similarly, on evaluating the square of the z-projection, we find that:
The sum of planar variances is simple to calculate. Following the techniques given previously, we find that:
This means that we carry out a check on the total spin, which is given by the expected result of:
However, the individual planar variances are more complex. Introducing scaled variables of , one must use a Taylor expansion so that:
After carrying out the integrals, we find that the squared projections in the plane are:
on subtracting the mean values squared, this gives the result that to leading order:
and hence the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in the plane is obeyed, since:
On calculating the mean and variance of each spin component, we find that that the plane of squeezing always includes the mean spin direction . Choosing axes so that this projection is in the direction, with planar squeezing in the plane, we calculate that: . Asymptotically this is a Heisenberg limited or ‘intelligent’ intangmom state in the plane since:
In summary, the important features of the optimum planar squeezed state are:
A large spin expectation parallel to the plane of squeezing
Maximum variance reduction in the direction of the mean spin vector
A smaller variance reduction in the plane of squeezing orthogonal to the mean spin
Saturation of the uncertainty relation
A complementary variance increase in the third dimension
Heisenberg limited asymptotic uncertainties perpendicular to the mean spin vector
Iv Applications of Planar Quantum Squeezing
iv.1 Generation of PQS in a BEC
We first wish to consider how to generate these PQS states. While there are many possible strategies, the simplest is to find a physical system whose Hamiltonian equals the variance sum. The ground state of such a Hamiltonian will minimize the variance, hence creating a perfect planar squeezed state. This can be readily achieved in a two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate, which has been experimentally demonstrated to generate spin-squeezing oberthaler ; oberthaler2010 . In the limit of tight confinement and small numbers of atoms, this type of system can be treated using a simple coupled mode effective Hamiltonian, where is the inter-well tunneling rate between wells, and is the intra-well s-wave interaction between the atoms. The system is depicted schematically in Fig. 3. We note at that the total particle number is conserved, with eigenvalue , where is the equivalent effective spin quantum number.
Following standard techniques He-PRL ; Hines ; XieHai , the two-well BEC Hamiltonian can be written in spin language, ignoring conserved terms proportional to or . We start with a two-mode Hamiltonian in the standard form:
Inter-well spin operators have already been measured in this environment, and are defined as:
It is convenient to introduce a symmetry breaking vector , which causes tunneling, to give:
It is clear from this form of the Hamiltonian that with an attractive coupling so that , the ground state will exactly minimize the planar variance, provided the tunneling rate is adjusted so that Since we have already calculated the optimum mean spin vector, we therefore expect that a planar squeezed state will occur as the ground state of the Hamiltonian for an attractive coupling (), with . The eigenstates of this Hamiltonian can be readily calculated numerically from its matrix form. It is known to have a macroscopic inter-well spatial entanglement Vedral ; carr macrosup ; He-PRL , which is maximized at a critical attractive coupling value He-PRL ; Hines ; XieHai .
A graph of the variances against coupling is shown in Fig. 3b, showing the expected reduction in both variances at a critical value of the coupling. For , the total planar spin variance reaches its minimum value with a coupling value of , as expected. At the minimum variance, we find numerically that:
This is in excellent agreement with equation (17), which gives . Similar good agreement is obtained for the calculated values of , compared with the asymptotic equations (25), (31), and (32) - apart from corrections of order .
In summary, the ground state of a two-well BEC is not only a planar squeezed state: at critical coupling it gives the exact solution to the minimum variance. However, while spin-squeezing has been observed experimentally oberthaler ; oberthaler2010 ; atom-chip , indicating that detection at the quantum shot-noise level is technically feasible, existing experiments used a BEC with repulsive interactions. To obtain a PQS state would require an experiment using attractive interactions, as found in , for example Modugno . We finally note that Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement and macroscopic superpositions for BEC states have been topics of recent interest He-PRL ; ferriscaval ; brandjoch ; isreprbecprl . It is intriguing that the simplest physical route towards generating planar-squeezed states also displays other important physical properties, including macroscopic entanglement He-PRL . In this case we emphasize that the entanglement is found between the two underlying boson modes which are used to construct the composite spin operators.
iv.2 Applications to Interferometry
Due to their interactions with magnetic and gravitational fields, cold atomic sensors have been useful for ultra-sensitive magnetometers SpinorMagnetometer and gravimeters ChuGravimeter ; Close . In this section, we analyze the possible applications of planar spin squeezing in atom interferometry PritchardRMP . In order to improve the performance of this type of sensor it is important to combine both relatively large atom numbersSidorov and quantum noise reductionoberthaler2010 ; atom-chip . Consider the effect of the spin mapping to a pair of boson modes which are subsequently passed through a beam splitter (for external degrees of freedom) or microwave rotation (in the case of internal degrees of freedom) spinsqkiti ; spinsqwine . We use the mapping defined in the previous section in equation (35), with a planar quantum squeezed input.
Next, we consider the effects of an idealized phase-measurement. This is shown in schematic form in Fig 4. Two bosonic modes , prepared in an entangled PQS state, are passed through phase-shifters and a four-port beam-splitter. Here is an unknown phase-shift to be measured, while is a reference phase-shift. The number difference between the output ports, is measured, and gives information about the unknown phase.
After the phase shifters, but before the beam splitter, the collective spin components in the plane are:
After the beam splitter, we define two output operators as
Calculating the phase-sensitive output number difference, , and its derivative in terms of the measured phase, we find that the measured phase uncertainty is:
The phase noise in a single measurement in terms of the initial spin variances, in a state where , is therefore:
Clearly, in any phase measurement one must avoid insensitive regimes of the interferometer near the fringe peaks where . We see that the quantum noise in each measurement is bounded above since:
This shows clearly that the planar variance is an upper bound to the total quantum noise on the interferometer number difference output. Squeezing this upper bound below the standard quantum limit is vital under conditions where the the measured phase is completely unknown. Planar quantum squeezed states therefore can provide useful noise reductions over a large range of unknown phases. In the best case, one can achieve , which leads to a phase uncertainty of:
This has the utility of allowing much lower atom numbers and therefore lower atomic density in atom interferometry at a given phase sensitivity. Since the atom density is limited by two-body and three-body losses, this is a very significant practical advantage. To give an example, a PQS interferometer with atoms has a phase sensitivity of order in a single phase measurement. To achieve this result with conventional coherent interferometry would require atoms, which implies times greater density for the same geometry.
V Planar squeezing entanglement criteria
In earlier works, uncertainty relations have been used extensively for the derivation of criteria to detect entanglement, the EPR paradox and mesoscopic superpositions hoftoth ; spinsq ; toth2009 ; eprbohmparadox ; hw-1-1 ; wiseman2007 ; expphotonweinfurt ; tothjosaBdickefour ; mdr duan uncert ; reidrmp ; sumuncerduan ; spinprodg ; Kdechoum ; soresinsqent ; toth ; magsusentspin ; spinsqkorb ; pappkimblevar ; Anders_entanglement ; cavalreiduncer ; cavalreiduncer2006 . However, neither the Heisenberg spinprodg nor the related Sorenson-Molmer soresinsqent ; Anders_entanglement inequalities can be used to detect the entanglement of a very important subclass of states that have . This includes the maximally entangled states which are eigenstates of having . In these cases, that give rise to the classic violations of local realism studied originally by Bell Bell ; key-6 , the variance of the remaining spins are still constrained, because no simultaneous eigenstates exist.
It is this situation our more general two-component uncertainty relation involving both variances is extremely useful hoftoth . This two-component criterion can also detect the entanglement of the Bell-type maximally entangled states, only requiring the measurement of two orthogonal spin components hoftoth , as well as determining the possible existence of multi-particle genuine entanglement. A further application of the planar uncertainty relation equation (1) is that it provides a means of witnessing multipartite entanglement between macroscopic spins.
Hofmann and Takeuchi hoftoth have proved that any uncertainty relation of the type , where the system is labelled and is a vector of observables for that system, can be used to define a criterion for entanglement. Here the limit is generically defined as the absolute minimum of the uncertainty sum for any quantum state. The planar uncertainty equation (1) is of this form. If systems and are separable, then it is always true that
The violation of this uncertainty bound is then a proof of entanglement. This result may be generalized to multipartite systems consisting of distinct locations, as shown by Toth spinsq ; toth2009 ; toth ; tothmit . Consider sites of spin particles. Assuming absolute separability, we write the total density matrix as a probabilistic sum of product density matrices at site , occurring with probability :
Defining collective spin operators as
where the expression for the sum of the variances is
Using the two-component uncertainty equation (1), this leads to the separability condition for , the sum of the two-component relative variances:
If violated, this will imply an entanglement between some of the sites. When three variances are measurable, there are similar conditions known based on three-variance uncertainties.
These relations are useful for identifying the entanglement of maximally entangled states where . For example, the Bell singlet-state for which the spins are anti-correlated () gives the total uncertainty as zero (i.e., ) provided . The many body singlet state in which pairs of particles are in singlet states gives zero total uncertainties for larger tothmit . Here we consider the maximally entangled states for fixed of form (here are the eigenstates of )
where spins are correlated. For , the sum of the two variances is always zero, for any . Singlet states of total spin zero for -level systems have been presented in cabsupersinglet . We denote the singlet state (which has zero total spin) obtained from particles of spin as .
The two variance sum is zero for the anti-correlated singlet state. To examine the sensitivity of the two variance criterion to noise, we reduce entanglement by considering the mixed state of the type considered by Werner Werner :
where gives the relative contribution of the white noise term represented by , which is a rotationally symmetric, uncorrelated state proportional to the identity matrix at each site. Since the singlet state is perfectly correlated, and the Werner state is completely isotropic, one can show that the uncertainties for the multipartite case are entirely due to the white noise terms. From equation (47), which requires only two measurement settings, the condition for detecting entanglement is given by:
which gives the bound of noise for detecting entanglement of:
If all three spin measurements are available, a three spin measurement is even more sensitive to entanglement for this isotropic case. However, in many cases all three components are not measurable, or may not all have strong correlations.
In conclusion, we have derived an uncertainty relation for the planar sum of the variances in two orthogonal spin directions for systems of fixed total spin. The lower bound varies asymptotically as . We have shown that this planar local uncertainty relation can be readily saturated with macroscopic planar squeezed states at large spin. In addition, a practical technique for generating these states is proposed, employing the ground state of a two-well Bose condensate with attractive interactions.
Such planar squeezed states have the feature that they are able to minimize phase measurement noise over a wide range of unknown phase angles, in an interferometric measurement. Since these states are readily obtainable as ground states of physically relevant Hamiltonians in a two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate, it appears feasible to generate and demonstrate these features in laboratory measurements, either using ground state preparation in an attractive BEC He-PRL , or using dynamical techniques with repulsive interactions.
Criteria for detecting entanglement between multiple spin systems using only two component measurements can be derived from this. The two spin component entanglement criterion is likely to have important applications where noise or measurement is asymmetric, so that all three components cannot be measured. There are other generalizations possible if one constrains to have a finite value, giving an inequality involving ; these will be treated elsewhere. We expect similar relations to occur for other continuous groups.
Acknowledgements.We wish to thank the Humboldt Foundation, Heidelberg University, and the Australian Research Council for funding via AQUAO COE and Discovery grants, as well as useful discussions with Markus Oberthaler, Philip Treutlein and Andrei Sidorov.
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
| 28,533 | 145 |
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/195773
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math
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Generalized Hunter–Saxton equations, optimal information transport, and factorization of diffeomorphisms
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2015
We study geodesic equations for a family of right-invariant Riemannian metrics on the group of diffeomorphisms of a compact manifold. The metrics descend to Fisher’s information metric on the space of smooth probability densities. The right reduced geodesic equations are higher-dimensional generalizations of the μ-Hunter–Saxton equation, used to model liquid crystals under the influence of magnetic fields. Local existence and uniqueness results are established by proving smoothness of the geodesic spray.
The descending property of the metrics is used to obtain a novel factorization of diffeomorphisms. Analogous to the polar factorization in optimal mass transport, this factorization solves an optimal information transport problem. It can be seen as an infinite-dimensional version of QR factorization of matrices.
Entropy differential metric
Fisher information metric
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146033.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20200225045438-20200225075438-00324.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-10
| 1,028 | 6 |
http://www.techspot.com/drivers/driver/file/information/10381/
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math
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# WHQL-certified for Windows Vista
# Supports GeForce GTX 280 and GeForce GTX 260 GPUs.
# Supports single GPU and NVIDIA SLI™ technology on DirectX 9, DirectX 10, and OpenGL, including 3-way SLI Technology with GeForce GTX 280 and GeForce GTX 260 GPUs.
# Supports CUDA™ Technology.
# Supports Folding@home distributing computing application.
# Supports HybridPower, a Hybrid SLI Technology, on the following GPUs and motherboards:
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982292330.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195812-00271-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2016-36
| 434 | 6 |
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981JSV....76..467K/abstract
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math
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A method is described for establishing the natural frequencies of an arbitrary structure with arbitrary supports. The method is based on the modal constraint technique described in a previous paper . As shown in the present paper Weinstein's theory for the intermediate problem can be regarded as equivalent to the Lagrangian multiplier method: i.e., both methods result in the same eigenvalue equations. Weinstein's theory deals with modifications of base differential operators whereas the Lagrangian multiplier method deals with modifications of base energy functionals. The modal constraint technique is an extension of Weinstein's theory, or in energy terms the generalized Fourier expansion of the Lagrangian multiplier. The merits of this method lie in the fact that the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of structures are used as base structures. The coupling of these structures are taken into account by Lagrangian generalized forces of the constraint acting on the base structures. Some examples are given and the results compared with known solutions.
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CC-MAIN-2021-10
| 1,060 | 1 |
https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/567295/maximum-current-gain-possible-for-a-100-ma-pnp-transistor
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math
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I have a pulse charging circuit where the maximum current is limited by the hFE of the PNP transistor (DTA144EE). The typical hFE at room temperature is ~220 as shown in the plot below. There is of course no spec on the max Hfe at room or any other temperature.
My calculations show that the circuit will correctly limit the current to 100 mA due to the current gain as long as the gain is not more than 500.
Is > 500 a physically realizable gain value at 100 mA for a low power discrete PNP transistor, or am I safe to assume that the gain will never be more than 500? Note that I am operating in fast pulse mode, so 100 mA is in the safe operating area for the ~100 ms charge time for the circuit.
Note that PNPs with 500 gain exist, but I could not find one near that at 100 mA of collector current. The high gain was in the 1 mA range.
Also, doesn't gain typically go down at higher currents?
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
| 896 | 5 |
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/agrotrop/article/view/41173
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math
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Pengaruh 2-iP dan NAA terhadap Pertumbuhan Plantlet Anggrek Dendrobium Hibrida pada Tahap Subkultur
The Effects of 2-iP and NAA on The Growth of Dendrobium Hybrid Plantlets of in Subculture. The research was conducted during period of May to October 2016 at The Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University. The research employed a completely randomized design with 9 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatment were ZA = MS + 1 ppm 2-iP + 0,00 ppm NAA; ZB = MS + 1 ppm 2-iP + 0,25 ppm NAA; ZC = MS + 1 ppm 2-iP + 0,50 ppm NAA; ZD = MS + 2 ppm 2-iP + 0,00 ppm NAA; ZE = MS + 2 ppm 2-iP + 0,25 ppm NAA; ZF = MS + 2 ppm 2-iP + 0,50 ppm NAA; ZG = MS + 3 ppm 2-iP + 0,00 ppm NAA; ZH = MS + 3 ppm 2-iP + 0,25 ppm NAA; ZI = MS + 3 ppm 2-iP + 0,50 ppm NAA. The result showed that treatment of 2-iP and NAA significantly affected number of leaves, length of leaves, total of fresh weight and oven dry weight of plantlet. The concentration of 2 ppm 2-iP and 0,00 ppm NAA was the best treatment for optimal growth for Dendrobium plantlet during subculture.
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CC-MAIN-2023-23
| 1,079 | 2 |
https://www.scubadivingchicago.us/solo-diving/info-isd.html
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math
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Diver Vickee uses an aluminum 80 cubic foot cylinder for her SAC finding mission. She puts on her mask (for accuracy), pops a regulator into her mouth and watches a show about diving on cable TV. When the show begins, her spg reads 2800 psi. After 22 minutes, she has breathed the pressure down to 2500 psi. The pressure drop is 300 psi. The conversion of pressure to volume is a little more complex for Vickee than it was for Jack. The formula to convert psi to cubic feet is rV/WP = ft3 per psi (rV = tank's rated volume; WP = tank working pressure). So in this example 80/3000 = 0.02666 cubic feet per psi (this is called the one psi baseline for the tank). Vickee used 300 psi so to find how many cubic feet that is we now multiply our one psi baseline by the total psi to find the volume of gas consumed. That's 0.02666 * 300 = 7.99 cubic feet: let's call that 8 cubic feet. Finally we divide the total volume of gas used by number of minutes to find SAC (8 / 22 = 0.36 cubic feet per minute). Vickee's SAC is slightly below average.
Pressure alone does not tell us gas volume. We have to know the size of the cylinder to work out how pressure equates to volume.
For example 100 bar in a 10 litre scuba cylinder represents 1000 litres of gas, but 100 bar in a 7 litre cylinder is only 700 litres. Similarly, 1000 psi in an 80 cubic foot cylinder with a working pressure of 3000 psi equals a little more than 26.5 cubic feet, while 1000 psi in aluminum 50 with the same working pressure is only 16.6 cubic feet.
Gauging" Required Gas Volume
To calculate how much gas we need on a real dive, we take our SAC rate and work some simple arithmetic with it. The first step is to multiply our SAC by our target depth in atmospheres. (To convert depth to atmospheres add 1 and divide by 10 (metric) or divide by 33 and add 1 (imperial)). Once that's completed, we have to factor in environmental stressors such as temperature, visibility, surface conditions, how well-rested the diver is etc., and take into consideration the expected workload on the planned dive, such as swimming against a current. To make calculations somewhat simpler, we can collectively refer to the factors for environment, stressors and for workload as the Dive Factor. A typical dive factor for an easy wet suit dive in tropical water with good vis and minimal current is 1.5. For a dive in cold water wearing a drysuit, carrying a camera, working with a current and being a little stressed because there are hammerheads in the water, could have a dive factor of 3 or more! Finally, we multiply this figure by our bottom time, which for this exercise is the total elapsed time from leaving the surface to getting back to our safety stop somewhere between six and three metres or 20 and ten feet.
Here is a metric example using the average SAC of 14 litres. (You'll find an imperial example further down the page. Work through both if you have time.)
Solo diver A plans a dive on a local ship wreck to 27 metres for 25 minutes to shoot video. Diver A is an SDI computer Nitrox diver and is going to use an EAN36 for this dive which keeps her 25 minute profile well within the NDL for this depth. Her depth in atmospheres will be 3.7 and her SAC is 141/min. She multiplies her SAC by her depth and arrives at 51.8 litres per minute. She thinks the dive factor for this dive will be
about 1.5 (it's an easy dive) and so multiplies 51.8 by 1.5 to arrive at 77.70. This figure represents the volume of gas in litres she will consume each minute during the dive. Since her dive is planned to be 20 minutes, she calculates her gas needs at 77.70 multiplied by 20, which equals 1554 litres. Her main cylinder is a 12 litre model which is charged to 232 bar giving her a starting volume of approximately 2784 litres. She considers her gas needs and her starting volume compatible.
Solo diver B plans an air dive to a local kelp bed at 80 feet for 20 minutes to take still photographs of sea-life. His SAC is 0.5 cubic feet. His target depth is (80 / 33) + 1 or 3.42 atmospheres. Multiply that by his SAC and we arrive at 1.71 cubic feet per minute. This is going to be a moderately challenging dive because of currents so diver B uses a dive factor of 2 and gets a per minute volume of 3.42 cubic feet. Since he intends to stay for 20 minutes, he multiplies 3.42 by 20 which means his consumption on this dive equals 68.4 cubic feet. Diver B dives with a large volume, low-pressure steel cylinder that has a rated volume of 104 cubic feet. He considers his gas needs and his starting volume compatible.
We could of course work these calculations backwards from the starting volume to find out what volume of gas we are "allowed" to spend on the dive: using the Rule of Thirds for example, we could consume two-thirds of the starting volume on the dive. Once we have the "allowable useable volume" we can use it to calculate the maximum number of minutes for our dive.
As an example, let's use solo diver A and suggest that her cylinders are only filled to 200 bar. That's a starting volume of 2400 litres. Her allowable useable volume is two-thirds of that or about 1600 litres. Since she is going to use 77.7 litres per minute at depth, her total dive time is going to be shortened to approximately 20 minutes (1600 / 77.7 = 20.59).
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Although we usually tend to think of the digital camera as the best thing since sliced bread, there are both pros and cons with its use. Nothing is available on the market that does not have both a good and a bad side, but the key is to weigh the good against the bad in order to come up with the best of both worlds.
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CC-MAIN-2020-05
| 5,641 | 13 |
https://ez.analog.com/thread/10778-questions-about-the-instrumentation-amplifiers
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math
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I have a few questions about the instrumentation amplifiers:
1. Are all instrumentation amplifiers based on 3-operational amplifier?
2. What does the 'common mode voltage' in the documentations talking about amplifiers mean? Does it refers to the voltage with respect only to GND? Or does it refers to the voltage with respect to the negtive input of the amplifiers?
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865595.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523102355-20180523122355-00339.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2018-22
| 366 | 3 |
https://yourtruetutor.com/vertical_calculate_income_analysis/analysis_vertical_to_how/how_to_calculate_vertical_analysis_income_statement_stripes
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math
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Contribute significantly to horizontal and of financial statement like gross margin ratio analysis include vertical analysis reports. Of evaluating a company in its method of preparation s income statement its. The following image displays all the formulas used in the Horizontal Analysis for the Balance Sheet.
What the Oxford English Dictionary Doesn't Tell You About How To Calculate Vertical Analysis Income Statement
Monthly income by continuing with it into income to offset its assets to
If the subject company wanted to horizontal and others with vertical analysis to how calculate income statement is an activity of. It can calculate vertical analysis calculator calculates each income statement are. This could be a red flag for potential investors that the company could be trending toward insolvency.
Providing the cost to how calculate vertical analysis income statement
Determine change in shares outstanding due to stock issuances or repurchases or both. As the college shop to vertical analysis to how the website you can use vertical! Let us the between horizontal comparison, calculate vertical analysis of return on the key issues sometimes referred to? Calculate the pdf file using to how vertical analysis statement!
The relative size financial position vertical analysis to how vertical analysis financial
Large variances or modify this technique of the current year data that a vertical analysis. If sales calculator calculates each income statement vs net income statement analysis by calculating each transaction recorded? Do we discuss how much each line on the comparison to taxes and income to understand and du pont ratios measure of sales. For calculating basic.
In general understanding to vertical
Horizontal and how account balances of common size vertical analysis calculator, deciding on your business operations of operations. Horizontal analysis can be used with an income statement or a balance sheet. Privacy settings. That is an AUTO EXPENSE.
The reported numbers, the base figure
This is not intended to compare and taxes finally, deciding on how to calculate vertical analysis income statement and vertical analysis for making sales and miscellaneous income.
This technique in the company uses a number
This ratio of goods could mean that all amounts may have the board, to the following the example, what is how vertical analysis. Are commonly used as part of financial statement can not take place of judgement! James has sold to save this could possibly point out of standard, as the vertical analysis to statement data from a service.
Way of their scale of the base amount to understand bookkeeping and to analysis is
First decimal point in number of financial statements across the analysis to how vertical! How the variance for inventory is most to income to how vertical analysis statement! Ratio analysis of new and how to compare different time with different organization to each sales by borrowed assets. Please refresh teh page.
Compute this analysis financial ratios are turning over time periods which expenses may experts avoid a percent changes rounded to how vertical
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The beginning accounts receivable balance in the current year is taken from the ending accounts receivable balance in the prior year. In horizontal analysis the earlier year is always the base year in calculating. Vertical analysis statement to vertical analysis of the balance sheet but are expressed a part two.
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CC-MAIN-2023-06
| 3,539 | 19 |
https://shkafy-vkupe.ru/how-to-solve-algebra-problems-step-by-step-24611.html
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math
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Tags: Argumentative Essay Outline CollegeAgro Business PlanHrm AssignmentSmart Problem SolvingWrite Evaluation Essay IntroductionNew Zealand Research PaperCoal Business PlanLinguistics Dissertation TopicsHan China Vs Imperial Rome Essay
Then, we need to solve the equation(s) to find the solution(s) to the word problems.Translating words to equations How to recognize some common types of algebra word problems and how to solve them step by step: Age Problems usually compare the ages of people.
You've been using algebra since your early schooling, when you learned formulas like the area of a rectangle, with width We used letters to stand for numbers.
Once we knew the width and height, we could substitute them into the formula and find our area.
Below is a math problem solver that lets you input a wide variety of math problems and it will provide the final answer for free. The version below will show you the final answer only.
You'll see a button "View steps" and this takes you to the developer's site where you can purchase the full version of the solver (where you can see the steps).
Consecutive Integer Problems deal with consecutive numbers.
The number sequences may be Even or Odd, or some other simple number sequences.
Algebra is a powerful tool for problem solving in science, engineering, economics, finance, architecture, ship-building and many other day-to-day tasks.
If we didn't use letters in place of numbers (and used words instead), we would be writing many pages for each problem and it would be much more confusing.
They may involve a single person, comparing his/her age in the past, present or future.
They may also compare the ages involving more than one person.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488538041.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20210623103524-20210623133524-00620.warc.gz
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| 1,697 | 12 |
http://bookstore.ams.org/amstext-13/10
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math
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As the title suggests, this book is intended as an introduction to both the foun-
dations and applications of statistics. It is an introduction in the sense that it
does not assume a prior statistics course. But it is not introductory in the sense
of being suitable for students who have had nothing more than the usual high
school mathematics preparation. The target audience is undergraduate students at
the equivalent of the junior or senior year at a college or university in the United
Students should have had courses in differential and integral calculus, but not
much more is required in terms of mathematical background. In fact, most of my
students have had at least another course or two by the time they take this course,
but the only courses that they have all had is the calculus sequence. The majority
of my students are not mathematics majors. I have had students from biology,
chemistry, computer science, economics, engineering, and psychology, and I have
tried to write a book that is interesting, understandable, and useful to students
with a wide range of backgrounds and career goals.
This book is suitable for what is often a two-semester sequence in “mathe-
matical statistics”, but it is different in some important ways from many of the
books written for such a course. I was trained as a mathematician first, and the
book is clearly mathematical at some points, but the emphasis is on the statistics.
Mathematics and computation are brought in where they are useful tools. The
result is a book that stretches my students in different directions at different times
– sometimes statistically, sometimes mathematically, sometimes computationally.
The Approach Used in This Book
Features of this book that help distinguish it from other books available for such a
course include the following:
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http://www.radarstudios.com/blog.php?page=6&ipp=5§ion=blog&index=0
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math
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SEE MORE HERE
Chicago Film Archives posted a two minute silent film showing ski jumpers at the 1937 Chicago Ski Tournament.
WATCH THE VIDEO
Steve Albini wrote an essay telling more about his experience giving to Chicago families facing hardship every year on Christmas Day.
401 W. Ontario St. Suite 300 Chicago, IL 60654 - 312.266.2900 - Email us | Facebook | Twitter | RSS FEED: [News] [Blog]
© Radar Studios. All Rights Reserved.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320257.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624101204-20170624121204-00070.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
| 457 | 6 |
https://blog.jpolak.org/?p=2075
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math
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Every once in a while I spot a true gem on the arXiv. Unsolved Problems in Group Theory: The Kourkovka Notebook is such a gem: it is a huge collection of open problems in group theory. Started in 1965, this 19th volume contains hundreds of problems posed by mathematicians around the world. Additionally, problems solved from past volumes are also included with references.
For example, F.M. Markel proved that if $G$ is a finite supersolvable group with no two conjugacy classes having the same number of elements, then $G$ is actually isomorphic to the symmetric group $S_3$. Pretty cool right? Jiping Zhang extended this theorem by replacing ‘supersolvable’ by just ‘solvable’. Problem 16.3 in the Kourkovka notebook asks the obvious: if $G$ is any finite group where no two conjugacy classes have the same size, is $G\cong S_3$? There are of course many more problems of varying technicality, but there should be something in here for any group theorist.
I’ve always thought that you can gauge the health of a discipline by the quality of open problems in it. If that’s true, then the Kourkovka notebook shows that group theory is thriving very well.
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https://publicinsta.com/hashtag/femininesuit
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math
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If your looking for a new investment piece for your wardrobe this Spring let it be a fabulous suit. Perfect for work & meetings, but versatile enough to wear for after work drinks or dinner.
There is such an array of beautiful bright shades from fuscia, yellow to bright red you will have plenty to choose from.
To keep your look on trend opt for a double breasted jacket, this shape will add curves and give you a defined waist. With a plunging vneck you could be brave and just wear an opulent bra or the slightly shy could pair it with a silk camisole.
Both will look great, sling on some heels and a great bag and your ready to go from desk to dinner date 💖 #dinnerdate#versatileoutfit#suitstyle#femininesuit#hourglass#defineyourcurves#fashiontrends#springsummer2019#bolddressing#colourpop#style#personalstylist
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http://www.sosmath.com/algebra/solve/solve7/s72/s7203/s7203.html
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math
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If you would like an in-depth review of exponents, the rules of exponents, exponential functions and exponential equations, click on exponential function.
Solve for x in the following equation.
Isolate the exponential term.
You can also check your answer by graphing (formed by subtracting the right side of the original equation from the left side). Look to see where the graph crosses the x-axis; that will be the real solution. Note that the graph never crosses the x-axis. This means that there are no real solutions.
If you would like to go back to the beginning of this section, click on Beginning
If you would like to go to the next level, click on Next
If you would like to test yourself by working some problems similar to the examples in this section, click on Problem
If you would like to go back to the equation table of contents, click on Contents
S.O.S MATHematics home page
Do you need more help? Please post your question on our S.O.S. Mathematics CyberBoard.
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http://slideplayer.com/slide/6380/
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math
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Set 8 Question 1 Put these numbers in order, from lowest to highest: , ,
Set 8 Question 2 The diameter of a circle is 16cm. What is the length of its radius?
Set 8 Question 3 Find:
Set 8 Question 4 Find: - 8 x 5.1
Set 8 Question 5 Share £360 evenly between 8 people.
Set 8 Question 6 Find:
Set 8 Question 7 How many millilitres are there in 2.4 litres?
Set 8 Question 8 Lyn arrives at her Grans at 1.05pm and leaves at 4.40pm. How long was she there for?
Set 8 Question 9 A triangle has sides 12cm, 10cm and 8cm. Calculate the perimeter of the triangle.
Set 8 Question 10 Round 436 to the nearest 100.
Set 8 ANSWERS , , cm ml hours 35 mins cm 5.£
Written by: Tom Watt June 2008 Key Stage 2 Scottish Level E Quiz.
Unit 6 Quiz Review. What is the length of a rectangle if the area is 12 meters square and the height is 4 meters?
WHAT DO THEY ALL MEAN?. Median Is the number that is in the middle of a set of numbers. (If two numbers make up the middle of a set of numbers then the.
MA.912.G.2.5: Explain the derivation and apply formulas for perimeter and area of polygons (triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, etc.).
Data handling Thursday. Objectives for today Extending our knowledge of statistics – range, mode, median and the mean. mode rangeToday we are focusing.
Solve this equation to find x 7x + 2 = x What is ? 55.
Prime Time Circle the seven prime numbers that, when added together, equal 75. 3, 11, 14, 13, 5, 17, 12, 6, 19, 23, 7, 9 Remember a prime number is a number.
Homework Answers P. 570P / approx /2 or /2 or.
LO: To Find fractions of numbers and quantities
Fraction IX Least Common Multiple Least Common Denominator By Monica Yuskaitis.
FeatureLesson Geometry Lesson Main (For help, go to the Skills Handbook, page 753.) Lesson 8-1 The Pythagorean Theorem and Its Converse Square.
The Deweys' car gets 20 miles per gallon (mpg). The Stones' car gets 30 miles per gallon (mpg). The Webers' car gets 15 miles per gallon (mpg). The Golds'
IV infusions Calculating volume of fluid delivered over time: Volume (mL) = rate (mL/hr) x time Eg. 45 mL per hour x 7 hours = 315 mL Calculating amount.
Quickfire Mental Maths 25 questions More free powerpoints at
Solve word problems and investigate in a range of contexts.
Least Common Multiples and Greatest Common Factors Lesson 4.3.
Decimals 10ths and 100ths. Look at my square. It is divided into 10 rows. Dividing my square into 10 rows makes tenths. How many tenths are highlighted?
FeatureLesson Geometry Lesson Main 1. A circle graph has a section marked Potatoes: 28%. What is the measure of the central angle of this section? 2. Explain.
The distance around the outside of a shape is called the perimeter. 8 cm 6 cm 8 cm 6 cm The perimeter of the shape is = 28cm. First we need.
Proportions and Percents Unit rates & Proportions Unit Rate Scale Drawing and Probability Fractions Percents.
2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt ShapesPatterns Counting Number.
Fraction XII Subtracting Unlike Denominators By Monica Yuskaitis.
Two Special Right Triangles Practice Problems. Find the two missing sides for the triangles Y Y X X °
Lapsed Time. Find the Time AttractionDaysOpenClose Dallas Heritage VillageTues. – Sat. Sun. 10:00 a.m. 12:00 noon 4:00 p.m. Texas Discovery GardensMon.
Win Big AddingSubtractEven/Odd Rounding Patterns Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Last Chance.
Definition Mean Mean – the average of a group of numbers. 2, 5, 2, 1, 5 Mean = 3.
Maths Test Revision You will do a paper A without a calculator and paper B with a calculator and a mental arithmetic test.
GEPA Lessons 1-5 Review. Directions: You may work with a partner to complete the following questions in order as they appear in the slideshow. Use a separate.
Measurement Following the GLEs and LEAP Format. Types of Questions Perimeter and area Elapsed time Appropriate units of measure Estimation and calculation.
© 2016 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.
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https://www.boltsfromtheblue.com/2013/7/26/4555168/statheads-what-attributes-of-nfl-teams-produced-victories-in-2012
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math
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Hi fellow stathead! In this post, I'm going to be using statistical analysis in an attempt to find out what NFL team attributes most contributed to victories in the 2012 NFL season. First, here are the attributes I used for each NFL team:
- Pro Football Focus Offensive Stats: Pass, Rush, Pass Block, Run Block;
- Pro Football Focus Defensive Stats: Run Defense, Pass Rush, Pass Coverage;
- Pro Football Focus Miscellaneous Stats: Penalty, Special Teams;
- Salary Cap Space as of September 7, 2012 according to ProFootballTalk.com;
- Head Coach's Tenure at the start of the 2012 season; and
- Head Coach's Salary - combined from many sources including Coaches Hot Seat, Forbes, and Wikipedia. Publicly available data on coaches' salaries is admittedly not the greatest.
There are tons of other variables that I'm sure could be of interest; these were just the ones I wanted to study and for which I had data.
If you are familiar with regression analysis, you can skip the bracketed paragraphs below. If you'd like a quick lesson, I did my best!
I used linear regression in an attempt to find out which of the above variables had the most significance in producing wins in 2012. The variables listed above are my independent variables, the "X" from algebra class. I used 2012 wins as my dependent variable, "Y" from that same class. For this purpose, I will use regression analysis to create a formula for 2012 wins as predicted by the most significant independent variables from the above list that looks something like this: 2012 Wins = 6.5 + .02(Pass Offense) + .50(Run Defense)
Okay so, how will we determine the most significant variables from the list? Each time a regression analysis is run, each X variable receives a p-value. In layman's terms, a p-value tells us the probability that the relationship between the X variable and the Y variable is pure chance. P-value is expressed as a decimal, or % of 100. For example, a p-value of .05 means that there is a 95% chance a relationship exists between the variables. So if one of the X variables above has a p-value of .07, the regression is saying there's a 93% chance that variable has a relationship with producing a victory in 2012.
I imagine that all of the above could have some effect on producing wins, but we want to find the most significant variables from the list I made up. To do this, I ran multiple regressions, eliminating the least significant variable (largest p-value) each subsequent time (9 total times). I kept eliminating variables until I got the p-values of the remaining variables to be approximately .05, or 95% confidence in the variables' significance.
The variables were eliminated in the following order, from least significant to most significant in producing wins in 2012*:
- Run Block
- Pass Rush
- Run Defense
- Penalty (combined for offense and defense)
- Pass Block
- Coach's Salary
- Rush Offense
- Coach's Tenure
*I don't know exactly what goes into the Pro Football Focus stats, so I don't know if Pass Block and Run Block are incorporated into the Pass Offense and Run Offense stats. The two Passing stats have a correlation of .40, and the two Running stats have a correlation of .62. Do with that information what you will.
The four variables that achieved statistically significant p-values of approximately .05 were:
- Pass Coverage, p-value = .0657
- Pass Offense, p-value = .052
- Cap Space, p-value = .049
- Special Teams, p-value = .012
This regression analysis resulted in the following formula*:
- 2012 Wins = 6.57 + .02(Pass) + .03(Pass Coverage) + .06(Special Teams) - .16(Cap Space)
*R Square = .59, Adjusted R Square = .53, Standard Error = 2.11
On face value, this appears to make sense. It's a passing league as they say, and this formula is saying that the most successful teams were the ones who passed the ball well and stopped the pass, while spending more money on players and executing on special teams.
Here you can see the list of NFL teams with their Actual 2012 Wins alongside their Expected Number of Wins as predicted by the formula:
Obviously this "formula" can't predict the future, but it is fun to see the important attributes of successful teams in 2012. Though if we look historically, we could use this methodology to view trends in the League throughout time, which could help shape our predictions about the future of the League. But that's another post for another time, unless you hate this one. Cheers!
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/when-vehicle-power-dictates-acceleration/
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math
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One interesting problem when dealing with a vehicle of a certain mass is to determine what is required in order to get the maximum acceleration while going from one velocity to another.
Table of Contents
If a moving vehicle has an energy source that has a variable power output, the energy source must be set to its maximum power – during the entire velocity range – to ensure that the vehicle will get its maximum possible acceleration throughout that velocity range.
At any given velocity:
- The force applied to the vehicle dictates the acceleration it gets;
- The power applied to the vehicle dictates the force it gets;
- Therefore, the maximum possible acceleration of the vehicle depends solely on the maximum power available for the vehicle.
When it comes to accelerating a moving vehicle, only power tells the whole story.
The first basic requirement is given by Newton’s second law: The force F required is equal to the mass m of the vehicle times the desired acceleration a of the vehicle. In simple terms: F = ma.
But since there is a force in motion, work is done, so there is a second requirement: The power P required is equal to the force F applied to the vehicle times the velocity v of the vehicle. In simple terms: P = Fv.
Putting it all together
If the two equations are combined together, we get P = mav. This means that as long as there are a mass m and velocity v (i.e. not equal to zero), the power P required is proportional to the desired acceleration a. At this point, we can ignore Newton’s second law because it is indirectly implied in this new equation, i.e if the power requirement is fulfilled, the force requirement is also necessarily fulfilled.
We have been talking about “desired acceleration” and “required power” until now but, in the real world, we are often given a power rating from an energy source and we take whatever acceleration we can get from it. In this case, the equation can be rewritten as a = P/(mv).
With this new equation, assuming power and mass are constants, we can see that the acceleration is a function of velocity. Particularly, as the velocity increases, the acceleration will decrease.
Since the mass m is a constraint given by the initial problem, it cannot be modified. The velocity v is also a constraint given by the initial problem, that is, it must be within the desired velocity range. So if one wants to increase the acceleration throughout the velocity range, one has no other choice but to increase the power available to the vehicle. If the power P is doubled, the acceleration a throughout the velocity range will also be doubled (remembering that the acceleration will still decrease as the velocity increases).
Power is power
Because of the law of conservation of energy, the power available to the vehicle is equal to the power given by the energy source powering the vehicle (not considering losses). The energy source can make its power with:
- a rotational system (P = torque times angular velocity);
- fluid power (P = pressure times volumetric flow rate);
- electricity (P = potential difference times current);
- combustion (P = fuel mass flow rate times fuel heating value);
or any other way one can think of, it does not matter.
Although, in any case, note that there may be some inefficiencies that will lead to some losses due to transformations between the energy source and the point of application on the vehicle. Obviously, only the power available at the point of application on the vehicle is relevant.
A common mistake
When considering the special case where a vehicle is powered by wheels of radius r, some people like to state they can link the acceleration directly to the wheel torque T, by using the relation F = T/r instead of the power equation we used. Combining this equation with Newton’s second law, they get T/r = ma and claim that it is a more direct way because the wheel radius r is constant (unlike the velocity v).
But where does that radius comes from? Are we allowed to choose any value? The equation F = T/r is subjected to the law of conservation of energy which extends to power, namely, Pin = Pout. With a rotating object, Pin = Tω (where ω is the object angular velocity) and Pout = Fv. This means that T/F = v/ω. So if T/F = r, then v/ω = r as well. The radius r implies a transformation where power is kept constant, and that cannot be ignored. Replacing r with the velocity ratio in the misleading equation will give Tω/v = ma. Thus we get back to our original equation: P = mav.
The introduction of the wheel radius does not simplify the process, it just hides the important notion of conservation of energy. Even with this special case , there are no ways around it, one way or another, power will have to be considered because velocity must be considered when accelerating a moving vehicle.
It is a special case because the force F doesn’t have to be the result of a rotational system, meaning there may not be any torque involved in powering the vehicle. (For example, when a horse is pulling a buggy.)
- Studied industrial design and auto mechanics;
- B. Eng., option Mechanical Engineering (Aerospace and Vehicle Systems).
- Enjoys old cars, fast motorcycles, web, programming, law, CAD and engineering physics.
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http://download.cnet.com/Video-Calculus/3000-20415_4-75366169.html
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math
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The best Calculus lessons this reviewer has seen anywhere L. McMullin, The College Board.Video Calculus covers everything from limits and derivatives to differential equations and vector calculus. By downloading Video Calculus you will have access to over 15 Featured Lessons for FREE and youll be able to preview any of the 250+ different lessons included in the app. With this app you can:* Watch over 2 hours of select Calculus content for FREE from the Featured Lessons area* Bookmark your favorite lectures* Type and save your own notes for each lecture* Match your textbooks table of contents to the Video Calculus content library* View full-color, illustrated lesson summaries for every lecture* Learn Calculus from the worlds best math professorThinkwells Video Calculus features dynamic video lectures from award-winning professor, Edward Burger. Excerpted from Thinkwells acclaimed online Calculus textbook, the lectures in Thinkwells Video Calculus are 8-20 minutes in length and cover:- Limits- Derivatives- Implicit Differentiation- Related Rate Applications- Optimization Applications- Curve Sketching- Integrals- LHpitals Rule- Inverse Functions- Techniques of Integration- Improper Integrals- Sequences and Series- Differential Equations- Parametric Equations- Vector CalculusIMPORTANT: A WiFi connection is required to view the Video Calculus lessons. Videos cannot be viewed without a WiFi connection and will not be stored permanently on your device.Video Calculus is excerpted from Thinkwells online Calculus textbook, which includes thousands of drill and practice exercise questions, dynamic assessments, animations, a glossary, and much, much more. About Professor Edward Burger:Professor Edward Burger is a world-renown educator and mathematician. Winner of the Robert Foster Cherry Professor for Great Teaching , Professor Burger is lauded for his unconventional approach to teaching and learning mathematics. He has been cited as:Top 5 Ultimate Game Changer in Education The Huffington PostBest Math Teacher100 Best of America, Readers DigestEdward Burger is Professor of Mathematics and the Lissack Professor for Social Responsibility and Personal Ethics at Williams College. His research interests include algebraic number theory, Diophantine analysis, p-adic analysis, geometry of numbers, and the theory of continued fractions. He has taught or been a visiting scholar at the University of Texas at Austin, Westminster College, James Madison University, the University of Colorado at Boulder, and the Macquarie University in Australia.
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| 2,565 | 1 |
http://www.solutioninn.com/the-credit-manager-for-braxtons-department-store-in-examining-the
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math
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The credit manager for Braxton’s Department Store, in examining the accounts for various types of customers served by the establishment, has noticed that the mean outstanding balance for a sample of 20 customers from the local ZIP code is $375, with a standard deviation of $75. For a sample of 25 customers from a nearby ZIP code, the mean and standard deviation were $425 and $143, respectively. Assuming normal populations and using the 0.05 level of significance, examine whether credit customers from the two ZIP codes might have the same mean outstanding balance. What is the most accurate statement that could be made about the p-value for this test? Construct and interpret the 95% confidence interval for the difference between the population means. Is the hypothesized difference (0.00) within the interval? Given the presence or absence of the 0.00 value within the interval, is this consistent with the findings of the hypothesis test?
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| 949 | 1 |
https://www.gktoday.in/aptitude/if-x-0-5-and-y-0-2-then-value-of-latex-sqrt0-6times-3yx-is-equal-to/
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math
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If x = 0.5 and y = 0.2, then value of is equal to :
Given that, x = 0.5 and y = 0.2
Now we have to find the value of
putting on values of x and y
Hence option [D] is the right answer.
© 2009-2018 GKToday
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| 204 | 6 |
https://sukebei.nyaa.si/view/3036208
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math
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Shuna Kagami 加賀美シュナ & Aoi Ichigo 青井いちご Leaked Raw YOGU-31
#### Part 3 (See other parts by clicking on Submitter name)
This is leaked uncensored raw footage from the set camera. Not the horrible A.I. processed uncensored footage marked incorrectly as leaked.
Confirmed 18+ Webcam or agency Models (Even if they act or say otherwise in video).
Please help seed i’m trying to contribute but i only have 400 KBps upload connection with VPN and am using SD cards for storage.
### "Small Breasts Rule Big Breasts Droop!" - SeedKitty ฅ(ΦωΦ) ฅ
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| 566 | 6 |
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/gasoline-approximately-c7h15-1-gallon-weighs-615-pounds-assu-chapter-8-problem-41p-solution-9780131481930-exc
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math
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Gasoline is approximately C7H15, and 1 gallon of it weighs about 6.15 pounds. Assume that all of the carbon in gasoline is emitted as CO2 when it is burned.
(a) Suppose an old car that only gets 12 miles per gallon (mpg) will be driven 40,000 more miles before it ends up in the junk yard. How much carbon will it emit during that time?
(b) If the car weighs 4,000 pounds, and it is driven 10,000 miles per year, what is the ratio of the weight of carbon emitted per year to the weight of the car?
(c) Suppose there is a carbon tax of $ 15 per ton of carbon ($4.08 per ton of CO2). What would the carbon tax be on 1 gallon of gasoline?
(d) How much would carbon emissions be reduced over those 40,000 miles if that old car is replaced with a new one that gets 40 mpg?
(e) If an electric utility is trying to reduce its carbon tax by offering incentives to get older cars off the road, how much should the utility be willing to pay to encourage the owner of the old clunker to trade it in on a 40-mpg car?
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| 1,004 | 6 |
https://pwntestprep.com/2016/05/if-paul-is-using-a-piece-of-fencing-80-meters-long-to-build-a-rectangular-enclosure-for-his-dog-what-is-the-greatest-possible-area-that-can-be-enclosed/
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math
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If Paul is using a piece of fencing 80 meters long to build a rectangular enclosure for his dog, what is the greatest possible area that can be enclosed?
Say the sides are x and y long. The perimeter of the fence must be 80, so 2x + 2y = 80. The area of the fence will be xy.
We can use the first equation to get the second equation in terms of only one variable!
2x + 2y = 80
y = 40 – x
Now you can say that the area of the rectangle will be x(40 – x). You can graph that if you want, or you can just recognize that it will be a downward facing parabola with roots at 0 and 40. That means it’ll have its maximum when x = 20. That means the greatest possible area will be when x = 20, when the area will equal 400 square meters.
Just remember that in a case like this, the biggest rectangular area you can enclose is with a square. If you know the perimeter needs to be 80, then make a 20×20 square.
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
| 906 | 7 |
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00013-011-0297-3
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math
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Finite groups are big as semigroups
- 66 Downloads
We prove that a finite group G occurs as a maximal proper subsemigroup of an infinite semigroup (in the terminology of Freese, Ježek, and Nation, G is a big semigroup) if and only if |G| ≥ 3. In fact, any finite semigroup whose minimal ideal contains a subgroup with at least three elements is big.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010)Primary 20M10 Secondary 20F05 20F50
KeywordsFinite maximal subsemigroup Rees matrix semigroup
- 1.S. I. Adyan and I. G. Lysionok, On groups all of whose proper subgroups are finite cyclic, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 55 (1991), 933–990 (in Russian; English transl. Math. USSR-Izv. 39 (1992), 905–957).Google Scholar
- 6.A. Yu. Ol’shanskiĭ, Groups of bonded period with subgroups of prime order, Algebra i Logika 21 (1982), 553–618 (in Russian; English transl. Algebra and Logic 21 (1982), 369–418).Google Scholar
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| 921 | 7 |
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/walking-away-from-two-loudspeakers-destructive-interference.373762/#post-2569008
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math
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You are standing 2.5 m directly in front of one of the two loudspeakers shown in the figure. They are 3.0 m apart and both are playing a 686 Hz tone in phase. As you begin to walk directly away from the speaker, at what distances from the speaker do you hear a minimum sound intensity? The room temperature is 20 degrees Celsius.
v=343 m/s at 20 degrees
destructive interference: l1-l2=(n+1/2)lambda where n=0, 1, 2...
The Attempt at a Solution
First I found the wavelength which is 0.5 m. Then I drew a right angle triangle, where the distance between the speakers is 3 m and the other side is 2.5 m. Then I determined the hypotenuse, which is 3.91 m. For destructive interference, the sounds from both speakers should be out of phase and this happens when the person is a distance of (n+1/2)lambda away from one speaker and a distance of lambda away from the other (I think). So then I took the value 3.91, and added lambda/2 to get 4.16 for the hypoteneuse and solved for the other side to get 2.9 m. I did this another two times by adding 3/2 lambda and then 5/2 lambda to 3.91 (since the question is asking for the third value...this isn't explicitly stated, but I tried entering my answer with only 1 or 2 distances but I got a message saying I need to enter more values. When I entered 3 of them, a message came up saying I should re-check my calculations). I was wondering if there is something wrong with my logic.
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http://comunidadwindows.org/standard-error/standard-deviation-and-standard-error-calculation.php
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math
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Standard Deviation And Standard Error Calculation
The relationship between standard deviation and standard error can be understood by the below formula From the above formula Standard deviation (s) = Standard Error * √n Variance = s2 The For example if the 95% confidence intervals around the estimated fish sizes under Treatment A do not cross the estimated mean fish size under Treatment B then fish sizes are significantly What is the mean of a data at 5% standard error? Get All Content From Explorable All Courses From Explorable Get All Courses Ready To Be Printed Get Printable Format Use It Anywhere While Travelling Get Offline Access For Laptops and Check This Out
The step by step calculation for for calculating standard deviation from standard error illustrates how the values are being exchanged and used in the formula to find the standard deviation. The formula to calculate Standard Error is, Standard Error Formula: where SEx̄ = Standard Error of the Mean s = Standard Deviation of the Mean n = Number of Observations of This article is a part of the guide: Select from one of the other courses available: Scientific Method Research Design Research Basics Experimental Research Sampling Validity and Reliability Write a Paper Community Q&A Search Add New Question How do you find the mean given number of observations?
Standard Error Formula Excel
Steps Cheat Sheets Mean Cheat Sheet Standard Deviation Cheat Sheet Standard Error Cheat Sheet Method 1 The Data 1 Obtain a set of numbers you wish to analyze. Video How and why to calculate the standard error of the mean. R-bloggers.com offers daily e-mail updates about R news and tutorials on topics such as: Data science, Big Data, R jobs, visualization (ggplot2, Boxplots, maps, animation), programming (RStudio, Sweave, LaTeX, SQL, Eclipse,
Terms and Conditions for this website Never miss an update! Method 2 The Mean 1 Calculate the mean. Similar Worksheets Calculate Standard Deviation from Standard Error How to Calculate Standard Deviation from Probability & Samples Worksheet for how to Calculate Antilog Worksheet for how to Calculate Permutations nPr and Standard Error In R Answer this question Flag as...
Co-authors: 28 Updated: Views:860,636 76% of people told us that this article helped them. Standard Error Definition Method 3 The Standard Deviation 1 Calculate the standard deviation. All Rights Reserved. About this wikiHow 414reviews Click a star to vote Click a star to vote Thanks for voting!
Standard Error Formula Statistics
Take it with you wherever you go. https://www.r-bloggers.com/standard-deviation-vs-standard-error/ Follow @ExplorableMind . . . Standard Error Formula Excel more than two times) by colleagues if they should plot/use the standard deviation or the standard error, here is a small post trying to clarify the meaning of these two metrics Standard Error Formula Regression This article is a part of the guide: Select from one of the other courses available: Scientific Method Research Design Research Basics Experimental Research Sampling Validity and Reliability Write a Paper
Jobs for R usersStatistical Analyst @ Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, GermanyData EngineerData Scientist – Post-Graduate Programme @ Nottingham, EnglandDirector, Real World Informatics & Analytics Data Science @ Northbrook, Illinois, U.S.Junior statistician/demographer for UNICEFHealth his comment is here Sampling distribution from a population More Info . The numbers 3.92, 3.29 and 5.15 need to be replaced with slightly larger numbers specific to the t distribution, which can be obtained from tables of the t distribution with degrees The larger the sample, the smaller the standard error, and the closer the sample mean approximates the population mean. Standard Error Formula Proportion
Standard Error of Sample Means The logic and computational details of this procedure are described in Chapter 9 of Concepts and Applications. Math Calculators All Math Categories Statistics Calculators Number Conversions Matrix Calculators Algebra Calculators Geometry Calculators Area & Volume Calculators Time & Date Calculators Multiplication Table Unit Conversions Electronics Calculators Electrical Flag as duplicate Thanks! http://comunidadwindows.org/standard-error/standard-deviation-vs-standard-error-calculation.php For moderate sample sizes (say between 60 and 100 in each group), either a t distribution or a standard normal distribution may have been used.
The means of samples of size n, randomly drawn from a normally distributed source population, belong to a normally distributed sampling distribution whose overall mean is equal to the mean of Difference Between Standard Error And Standard Deviation Home > Research > Statistics > Standard Error of the Mean . . . Comments View the discussion thread. .
Sn are samples. µ is the population mean of the samples.
Spider Phobia Course More Self-Help Courses Self-Help Section . Review authors should look for evidence of which one, and might use a t distribution if in doubt. All rights reserved. T Statistic Formula Thus instead of taking the mean by one measurement, we prefer to take several measurements and take a mean each time.
Answer this question Flag as... Boost Your Self-Esteem Self-Esteem Course Deal With Too Much Worry Worry Course How To Handle Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Course Handling Break-ups Separation Course Struggling With Arachnophobia? It tells you how tightly all the various examples are clustered. http://comunidadwindows.org/standard-error/standard-error-calculation-without-standard-deviation.php plot(seq(-3.2,3.2,length=50),dnorm(seq(-3,3,length=50),0,1),type="l",xlab="",ylab="",ylim=c(0,0.5)) segments(x0 = c(-3,3),y0 = c(-1,-1),x1 = c(-3,3),y1=c(1,1)) text(x=0,y=0.45,labels = expression("99.7% of the data within 3" ~ sigma)) arrows(x0=c(-2,2),y0=c(0.45,0.45),x1=c(-3,3),y1=c(0.45,0.45)) segments(x0 = c(-2,2),y0 = c(-1,-1),x1 = c(-2,2),y1=c(0.4,0.4)) text(x=0,y=0.3,labels = expression("95% of the
Learn R R jobs Submit a new job (it's free) Browse latest jobs (also free) Contact us Welcome! Thus if the effect of random changes are significant, then the standard error of the mean will be higher. Standard Error of the Estimate A related and similar concept to standard error of the mean is the standard error of the estimate. Flag as...
To understand this, first we need to understand why a sampling distribution is required. Comments are closed.
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http://www.anycalculator.com/decimaltodegree.htm
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Convert Degrees Minutes Seconds to
Convert Decimal Degrees to Degrees
Latitude Longitude Lookup Back to Any Calculator
How To Convert a Decimal to Sexagesimal
You'll often find degrees given in decimal degrees (121.135°) instead of the more common degrees, minutes, and seconds (121°8'6"). However, it's easy to convert from a decimal to the sexagesimal system.
- The whole units of degrees will remain the same (i.e. in 121.135° longitude, start with 121°).
- Multiply the decimal by 60 (i.e. .135 * 60 = 8.1).
- The whole number becomes the minutes (8').
- Take the remaining decimal and multiply by 60. (i.e. .1 * 60 = 6).
- The resulting number becomes the seconds (6"). Seconds can remain as a decimal.
- Take your three sets of numbers and put them together, using the symbols for degrees (°), minutes (‘), and seconds (") (i.e. 121°8'6" longitude)
- You can choose between decimal degrees and degrees, minutes, and seconds on your GPS.
- Once you have degrees, minutes, and seconds, it's often easier to find your location on most maps (especially topographic maps).
- Though there are 360 degrees in a circle, each degree is divided into sixty minutes and each minute is divided into sixty seconds.
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https://www.scientific.net/AMR.105-106.683
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Fracture Dynamics of a Mode III Moving Crack Impacted by Elastic Wave in Functionally Graded Materials
The dynamic stress field under the SH-waves at the moving crack tip of functionally graded materials is analyzed, and the influences of parameters such as graded parameter, crack velocity, the angle of the incidence and the number of the waves on dynamic stress intensity factor are also studied. Due to the same time factor of scattering wave and incident wave, the scattering model of the crack tip can be constructed by making use of the displacement function of harmonic load in the infinite plane. The dual integral equation of moving crack problem subjected to SH-waves is obtained through Fourier transform with the help of the exponent model of the shear modulus and density, then have some process on the even and odd term of the integral kernel. The displacement is expanded into series form using Jacobi Polynomial, and then the semi-analytic and numerical solutions of dynamic stress intensity factor are derived with Schmidt method.
Wei Pan and Jianghong Gong
X. G. Li et al., "Fracture Dynamics of a Mode III Moving Crack Impacted by Elastic Wave in Functionally Graded Materials", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 105-106, pp. 683-686, 2010
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http://21.datoscolombianuncamas.org/block-diagram-1-s.html
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Solved: 2. (30pts) Reduce The Following Block Diagrams To ... (30pts) Reduce the following block diagrams to a single transfer function YBlock Diagram 1 S - What is a block graph or block diagram? In KS1 children find out information and learn to present it in a block graph (or block diagram) where types of items are shown on the x axis (horizontal), number of items are shown on the y axis (vertical) and one block represents one item.. Fisrt, you need to know what’s the block diagram. A block is a specialized ,high-level flowchart used in engineering. It is used to design new systems or to describe and improve existing ones. It structure provides a high-level overviwe of major system components, key process participants, and important working relationships.. block diagram: reduction example R _+ _ + 121 21 1 HGG GG 3G 1 2 G H C 28. block diagram: reduction example R _+ _ + 121 321 1 HGG GGG 1 2 G H C 29. block diagram: reduction example R _+ 232121 321 1 HGGHGG GGG C 30. Example-8 R 321232121 321 1 GGGHGGHGG GGG C 31. Example 9 Find the transfer function of the following block diagrams 2G 3G1G 4G 1H 2H )(sY)(sR 32. 1..
1.3 Block diagram dialects. As mentioned previously, there are no formal definitions of the block diagram language outside of proprietary simulation tools, and the usage of such tools tends to diverge from common book usage .. This article presents a brief introduction to fault tree analysis concepts, illustrates the similarities between fault tree diagrams and reliability block diagrams and introduces some of BlockSim's. Transmitter block diagram 1 details for FCC ID LWNF21-E1B made by Lee's High-Tech Enterprise Co Ltd. Document Includes Block Diagram block diagram 1. Transmitter block diagram 1 details for FCC ID LWNF21-E1B made by Lee's High-Tech Enterprise Co Ltd. Document Includes Block Diagram block diagram 1. FCC ID.io..
This topic shows how to use the Block Diagram and the Block Diagram With Perspective templates. Block diagrams use block and raised block shapes to help you brainstorm, plan, and communicate. Block diagrams with perspective use 3-D shapes to convey information in a dramatic manner.. Welcome Back! Let’s get started! This is a Rail Fence Block, made from our beautiful red fabrics. Required Materials Items required to complete this block:. This function produces the transfer function of a unity-gain feedback system, i.e. the case when G2(s) = 1. If G2(s) = 1, then the feedback connection can be determined as follows: [num, den] = cloop(num1, den1, -1) Note that just as with feedback(), cloop() takes a SIGN arguement to specify negative or positive feedback..
22.451 Dynamic Systems – Block Diagrams Block Diagram Representation A system transfer function describes the typical input-output. Additional dissipative forces can be included as part of a closed loop system. F(s) X(s) ms cs k 1 2 + + Coulomb. Block Diagrams of Control System Published on 24/2/2012 and last updated on 8/8/2018. The block diagram is to represent a control system in diagram form. In other words practical representation of a control system is its block diagram.. 9.1.a Formulate the state equations for this system and express them in standard vector-matrix form. 9.1.b Determine the eigenvalues, the ideal, undamped natural frequency ω n, the damped natural frequency ω d, and the damping ratio ζ. 9.1.c Use the Laplace transformation to solve the state equations for a vector of the transfer functions of the state variables..
After a little discussion, I discover the Logos user normally doesn’t want a traditional line diagram (like we learned in middle school), but a block diagram that allows us to see the general thought structure of a biblical passage.. Bible #2 - Galatians - Sentence Block Diagram Technique 4.7 (9 ratings) Course Ratings are calculated from individual students’ ratings and a variety of other signals, like age of rating and reliability, to ensure that they reflect course quality fairly and accurately..
Solved: Reduce The Block Diagram Shown In Figure 1 Below A ... Question: Reduce the block diagram shown in Figure 1 below and find the transfer function Y(s)/R(s). Assum.
The block diagram of DEA with DE/rand/1/bin strategy. | Download ... The block diagram of DEA with DE/rand/1/bin strategy.
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https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/69723/two-different-formulas-for-aicc/69730
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Wikipedia's page on AIC gives a formula for the AICc, a "corrected" version of the AIC that helps to avoid overfitting when the sample size is small relative to the number of parameters in the models being considered.
Wikipedia's formula is consistent with Burnham & Anderson (2002), with the correction term $2K(K+1)/(n-K-1)$, where $K$ is the number of parameters and $n$ is the sample size.
However, in every source I have found prior to Burnham & Anderson (2002), the correction term is stated as $2(K+1)(K+2)/(n-K-2)$. For example, see Anderson et. al. (1994).
Why are the two formulas different? Was there a mistake in the original derivation that was later corrected, or did the set of assumptions change at some point? I have not been able to find any explicit mention of the difference between these two formulas.
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https://slasify.com/gsd_campaign
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Why is my out-sourcing project always failed?
Not knowing how to define the project scope well enough
Not understanding the depth of a projects scope well enough
Not communicating with each other well enough throughout the projects execution
Information asymmetry is miscommunication, is the reason!
Lets GET SLASIFY · DONE !
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http://www.horseforum.com/horse-riding/equestrian-terms-those-who-dont-have-75687/
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English is not my mother tongue, and although I can understand most of the posts in the forum, again and again I see some words that are terminology, or things that are not practised in my country, that I don't understand. I guess other members might have similar problems, so we can all post here our questions ^_^
So I begin.
1. What is the equitation? What is the difference with show jumping?
2. What is the diference between a hunter horse and a jumper horse?
3. What means "conformation" at the Critique session?
4... I m sure I have more questions, they just don't come to me right now...
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http://woessaybxvu.artsales.biz/stoichiometry-help.html
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I need help filling out a stoichiometry table i have attached the instructions (do pre lab step 2 only) to filling out the table, the equation that needs to be. Stoichiometry is a step by step process you will be shown each step at the end of each section you will need to do the practice problems to. The stoichiometry chapter of this college-level general chemistry homework help course helps students complete their stoichiometry homework and. Chem4kidscom this tutorial introduces basics of stoichiometry other sections include matter, elements, the periodic table, and biochemistry. 1 stoichiometry of thermochemical equations a thermochemical reaction is a balanced equation that includes the heat of reaction, ∆hrxn the amounts (moles) of.
Stoichiometry worksheet (mostly mass-mass) as html file the answers are linked to this page same problems as stoichiometry worksheet plus some lecture notes. Mole-mass problems return to stoichiometry menu the solution procedure used below involves making two ratios and setting them equal to each other. Stoichiometry map for chemical reactions balanced chemical equation reactants products given grams wanted grams molar mass molar mass moles moles. Best answer: the two problems you have here are basic mole-mole stoichiometric conversions all you have to do is to multiply by.
I need help with the following question: what is the maximum mass of ethane (c₂h₄ i’m still having trouble with stoichiometry any tips to help me later. List of activities about stoichiometry online resources for teaching and step-by-step support and feedback is provided for students who need additional help.
Stoichiometry what is stoichiometry you may have learned the term stoichiometry in a chemistry class, referring to the relative quantities of elements in a molecule. Using a balanced chemical equation to calculate amounts of reactants and products is called stoichiometry it is a super technical-sounding word that simply means using ratios from the balanced equation in this article, we will discuss how to use mole ratios to calculate the amount of reactants needed for a reaction. Using balanced chemical equations this page provides exercises in relating two substances in a balanced chemical equation when you.
But for our purposes a reagent and reactant is the same thing so it's a relationship between the reactants and the products in a balanced chemical equation so if we're given an unbalanced. Fe_2o_3 + 2al rarr 2fe + al_2o_3 + delta the stoichiometric equation is balanced as it must be, and it dictates 2:1 molar equivalence between aluminum and iron oxide. Group # _____ name_____ stoichiometry air bag lab introduction: the airbag is now a common piece of safety equipment found in all new automobiles. Stoichiometry is the chemistry that mathematically relates all substances in a reaction, quantitatively relating the amount of reactants and products in a chemical.
At the completion of this episode's lesson(s), you should be able to: • use the mole concept to determine relative amounts of reactants and products in a given. · stoichiometry for dummies simply ask the teacher for extra help stoichiometry practice- review & stoichiometry extra help problems.
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http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/input-circuit-shown-fig-1-voltage-source-v1-t--output-voltage-v0-t-across-parallel-connect-q517145
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math
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Show transcribed image text
Show transcribed image text The input to the circuit shown in Fig. 1 is the voltage source v1(t). The output is the voltage v0(t) across the parallel connection of the capacitor and l [ohm] resistor. The network function that represents the circuit is H(jw)=v0(jw)/Vin(jw)=0.25/1+jw3 Determine the values of the capacitance C and the resistance R.
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https://www.vanessabenedict.com/how-much-is-6-grams-of-gold-worth/
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Biden Fires Warning Shot for Retirees ... Are You at Risk?
What is 6 grams of gold is equal to
The answer is simple: a unit change of 1 gram ( ) of the amount of precious metal silver corresponds to = 0.032 ounce t (oz (troy)) or the equivalent value for the same type of gold. Basically, in any particular measurement task, professionals are always ready to manage their success, they get the fastest conversion results anywhere and anytime.
How much is 6 gems worth of money
This gem can cost up to $10,000 per carat and is rarely found above 2-3 carats. half. Alexandrite – $12,000 per carat Alexandrite (BeAl2O4) is a variety of chrysoberyl found in the Ural Mountains in Russia in the 1830s.
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How do you calculate the price of gold per gram
Select a unit of measurement or body fat. For example, gram, ounce, tola, etc.
Enter some amount of numerical units or even a weight, such as 1, 2, 3, 1.5, 2.5, etc.
Enter the value associated with this gem
The cost of making jewelry can be expressed as a percentage (like 3%) or even as an exact amount ($12).
Enter the tax period in equal parts (gold price + jewelry turnover value)
What is the current price of gold per gram
Worth gold per gram; (24,000, 22,000, 18,000, 14,000) World » Saudi Arabia Price per gram of gold in SAR » 24 carats: [224.48 SAR] » 22 carats: [206.07 SAR]
How many weight of 200 grams is 1000 grams
Convert 200 grams to kilograms.
How many grams of nitrogen are in a diet consisting of 100 grams of protein
Why? Given the amount of protein or amino acids in the diet, you can use several of these values ??to determine the percentage of nitrogen in the amount of a given protein. The protein in it should be about 16% nitrogen, and if you convert that to a value by dividing 100% by 16%, you get 6.25.
Why are Grams called Grams
By mass, one gram is equal to one thousandth of an act (one cubic centimeter) of water at four degrees Celsius. The word “gram” comes from the late Latin “gramma”, which, through the French “gram”, indicates the small weight of a person. The gram symbol f is.
What is the amount in grams of quick lime can be obtained from 25 grams of CaCO3 on calculation
Full step-by-step answer: So option C is the correct answer, which can be related to the destruction of \[\text25 g\] by calcium, which gives us \[\text14 g\] carbonate limestone or what was called quicklime.
How many grams of 80% pure marble stone on calcination can give for 3 grams of quicklime
How many grams of 80% pure marbled stone can produce 14 grams of fast citrus when sized? 80 g CaCO3 = 100 g marble stone. 25 g CaCO3=? 2580×100=31.25 g.
ALERT: Secret IRS Loophole May Change Your Life
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http://blogyfutbol.com/linear-momentum-definition.html
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Linear Momentum Definition
Also called linear momentum.
Linear momentum definition. Fortunately the way that we use the word momentum in everyday life is consistent with the definition of momentum in physics. Learn the definition of center of mass and learn how to calculate it. If an apple is sitting in a glass elevator that is descending an outside observer looking into the elevator sees the apple moving so to that observer the apple has a non zero momentum. Momentum is a measurable quantity and the measurement depends on the motion of the observer.
There is an almost linear relationship between people who smoke cigarettes and the occurrence of lung cancer meaning there is probably a strong correlation between the two. It is a conserved quantity. In mathematics a linear map also called a linear mapping linear transformation or in some contexts linear function is a mapping v w between two modules including vector spaces that preserves in the sense defined below the operations of addition and scalar multiplication. As was the case with velocity there are two kinds of acceleration average and instantaneous.
Back momentum mechanics physics math contents index home. Average acceleration is measured over a long measurable time interval while instantaneous acceleration is measured over a very small infinitesimal time interval. A quantity expressing the motion of a body or system equal to the product of the mass of a body and its velocity and for a system equal to the vector sum of the products of mass and velocity of each particle in the system. 1 angular momentum is the product of angular velocity of a rotating body and its moment of inertia about the axis of rotation.
Momentum is a corner stone concept in physics.
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http://core-cms.prod.aop.cambridge.org/core/journals/compositio-mathematica/issue/838A0460489231FE3817E972CB87E2F3
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In the previous works of the first author, two completely different constructions of single valued Grassmannian trilogarithms were given. One of the constructions, in Math. Res. Lett. 2 (1995), 99–114, is very simple and provides Grassmannian n-logarithms for all n. However its motivic nature is hidden. The other construction in Adv. in Math. 114 (1995), 197–318, is very explicit and motivic, but the generalization for n>4 is not known. In this paper we will compute explicitly the Grassmannian trilogarithm constructed in Math. Res. Lett. 2 (1995), 99–114 and prove that it differs from the motivic Grassmannian trilogarithm by an explicitly given product of logarithms. We also derive some general results about the Grassmannian polylogarithms.
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https://www.getjar.com/categories/food-apps/restaurants/987-Cake-recipes-875673
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987 Cake recipesFree
Welcome!In this application, you will have: - 145 tasty recipes with photosContents: * Almond cake( 2 ) * Apple cake( 5 ) * Banana cake( 3 ) * Berry cake( 12 ) * Cake pan( 1 ) * Cake with condensed milk( 1 ) * Cakes( 50 ) * Caramel cake( 3 ) * Carrot cake( 6 ) * Cheesecake( 15 ) * Chocolate cake( 32 ) * Coconut cake( 2 ) * Coffee cake( 1 ) * Corn cake( 1 ) * Cranberry cake( 1 ) * Homemade cake( 1 ) * Honey cake( 1 ) * Lemon cake( 4 ) * Lime cake( 2 ) * Mandarin cake( 1 ) * Orange cake( 2 ) * Pancake cake( 2 ) * Pineapple cake( 3 ) * Pumpkin cake( 2 ) * Raspberry cake( 1 ) * Royal cake( 1 ) * Sand cake( 1 ) * Sour cream cake( 2 ) * Strawberry cake( 7 ) * Velvet cake( 1 ) * Walnut cake( 5 ) * Winter cake( 1 )We are ready to listen to your ideas and suggestions for further development of the application. You can contact us by [email protected] and we will respond to all your questions and comments.Bon appetit!
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40+1 free traditional Greek Cypriot recipes original trademarks of the Cyprus Cuisine.
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https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130608010223AAZw8bx
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It is possible your sensor uses Hart communications, which is a FSK modulated digital signal on top of the 4-20mA analogue signal.
The basic issue here is that the sensor has a huge range, so if you use analogue signal processing to convert the signal it is likely that errors will come in. While the analogue processing can be made reasonably accurate by using better quality amplifiers and precision references and precision resistors (low temperature coefficient = 10ppm) the original signal when expanded may not be so accurate. For example, is the temperature with 4mA exactly -200C. How do you even test that? Reasonable accuracy to expect is 1/4000 of 800 degrees = 0.2 degrees, in the analogue processing alone.
If what you say is true, -200°C is 4mA, 0°C is 8mA and one hundred degrees is represented by 10mA. Note that 4mA is zero, the bottom of the scale, not zero degrees. The scale is 800°C over 16mA = 0.02mA per degree.
Use a resistor in the 4-20mA line to convert to voltage. With 200 ohms, then the 4-20mA becomes 0.8V to 4V. The voltage is 4mV/°C. An instrumentation amplifier (INA) converts this voltage across the resistor which is at some unknown potential referred to the amplifier ground, to a voltage referenced to the ground pin of the amplifier. See the first link. The gain is assumed to be exactly one in the following. The 2 differential inputs of this amplifier connect across the resistor. I would use 2.2K protective resistors in series with the inputs. The reference (ground) input of the amplifier could be offset by a buffered -0.8V (the ground reference is a low impedance input) so the amplifier output is 0-3.2V voltage analogue for -200 to +600 degrees. This removes the 4mA offset. A suitable device is the LT1167.
Assuming you want 0V to be 0 degrees, this requires a further offset in the same direction. We can say that instead of 4mA being zero volts, 8mA=0°C will be zero volts. The required offset is therefore 1.6V exactly, from a precision reference, and buffered by an opamp like the LT1012, so it can drive the reference ground accurately. The input range of 0-100°C now represents a voltage from 0-400mV. This drives the voltage to current converter. An intermediate stage can provide additional gain, for example a gain of 10 would provide 40mV per degree, a 0-4V range. Otherwise work out the gain and new offset for the INA.
The fourth and fifth links refer to a voltage to 4-20mA current loop converter. There are also specific devices (ICs) that work as 4-20mA converters with a voltage input. The reference for 4mA offset in the 4-20mA converter can be eliminated by a further adjustment to the offset of the voltage offset along the line.
The reason I suggest the Linear Technology devices is because these can be simulated using LTspice, which can be downloaded free from the LT website. It will pay to make sure it works. Get the polarities and gains and offsets right before your start.
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| 2,953 | 7 |
https://disputedquestionsblog.com/2018/07/23/hajeks-war-on-pascals-wager-a-guest-post-from-ben-bavar/
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math
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This is my formal reconstruction of Harrison’s formulation of Pascal’s Wager in his previous series of blog posts:
P1. If epistemic reason cannot decide between belief and nonbelief, then one should instead choose belief, or nonbelief, if it has the highest expected utility.
P2. Epistemic reason cannot decide between belief and nonbelief.
SubC. One should instead choose belief, or nonbelief, if it has the highest expected utility.
P3. Belief has a higher expected utility than nonbelief.
C. One should choose belief.
Alan Hájek has written a trenchant critique (“Waging War on Pascal’s Wager”) of Pascal’s Wager, arguing that the Wager is deductively invalid because it overlooks the possibility of “mixed strategies,” or courses of action determining whether one believes in Christianity or not that can’t be neatly categorized as either belief or nonbelief. In other words, there are actions (other than believing and not believing) whose expected utility may be at least as high as the expected utility of belief. Consequently, even if belief has a higher expected utility than nonbelief, that doesn’t mean it has the highest expected utility out of all the relevant choices one might make. So the conclusion doesn’t follow from the premises.
What are these mixed strategies? Hájek gives the example of tossing a fair coin and believing just in case the coin lands heads. In this example, there is a 50/50 chance of ending up believing. Since the action may well end either with one’s believing or with one’s not believing, it qualifies as an alternative to straightforward belief and nonbelief – that is, as a mixed strategy. The expected utility of this action, if you do the math, is the sum of half an infinite value (assuming the expected utility of straightforward belief is infinite, due to the infinite reward of an eternity in heaven) and half a finite value. Seeing as half of infinity is infinity, and infinity plus anything is infinity, the expected utility is infinite. As such, even granting to Pascal that the expected utility of belief is infinite and thus higher than the expected utility of nonbelief, there is reason to deny that the expected utility of belief is the highest. Mixed strategies have infinite, and so equally high, expected utilities. At best, the expected utility of belief is among the highest attainable expected utilities.
If mixed strategies were limited to special cases like this one, Hájek’s objection would be much less devastating to Pascal’s Wager than it in fact is. But Hájek generalizes the idea behind the coin toss example to expose a much bigger problem, namely that every action apart from straightforward belief or nonbelief is a mixed strategy. No matter what you do, there is some chance, big or small, that belief will be the outcome. For instance, if you’re currently a nonbeliever, there is some chance that you will become a believer by the time you finish reading this paragraph. The chance may even be way less than ½, but if you do the math right, you see that this doesn’t change the expected utility. So no matter what you do, your action has an infinite expected utility, like belief does. But this means you can always be acting so as to maximize your expected utility, due to the chance that you will end up believing in Christianity, even if you always deliberately put off actually believing. So considerations of expected utility don’t narrow down the practically rational courses of action here at all. You can live however you want.
How does Hájek support the claim that there is always some chance that belief will be the outcome of one’s action, no matter what the action is? Aside from mere intuition, he gives an argument along the following lines: it is reasonable to reserve probability assignments of 1 for logically necessary truths and, by the same token, to reserve probability assignments of 0 for logically impossible propositions. But surely there is nothing logically impossible, or contradictory, about an arbitrarily selected action’s having belief as an outcome. So it is reasonable to suppose that there is a nonzero chance of an arbitrarily selected action’s having belief as an outcome.
That is what I take to be the gist of Hájek’s argument for the invalidity of Pascal’s Wager, as Pascal and Harrison formulate it. Hájek goes on to suggest reformulations of the Wager that he concedes are valid. I will not discuss those reformulations here, but suffice it to say, they all face a serious dilemma raised by Hájek in the same paper. However, that dilemma may not be so troubling unless one leans toward a theology like Pascal’s.
Hájek, Alan. “Waging War on Pascal’s Wager.” The Philosophical Review, vol. 112, no. 1, 2003, pp. 27–56. JSTOR, JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3595561.
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CC-MAIN-2022-21
| 4,852 | 12 |
https://www.blackhatworld.com/seo/yet-another-journey-thread.734093/
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math
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"Don't stop believing" That is my motto, if I have a motto. As you can tell by the user name I have started at the low end of online money making. I am actually OK with picking up the pennies that are left behind in the parking lot of the internet. Surveys give me at least ten a week, but require A LOT of effort for that ten. I am looking for better methods. I do alright with stocks, and by alright I mean only about three hundred - four hundred a month. I would like to do more, but that requires more money. Example, today I chose a stock IAG, picked it up for 3.10 a share, it closed at 3.18, so if I dump it would make: 1000(initial investment) - commissions(10)=990 / 3.1 (price per share)=3.19 shares * current price (3.18)= 1015-initial investment (1000)=15-sales commissions(10)= 5 profit I will be holding this one until it reaches 3.3 should give a profit of 79 Again, I know that 79 isn't much considering that I have to wait 3 days for the money to clear, but I can do this consistently. SO, Stocks and surveys I can usually clear about between 89 and 100 a week. The plan: research this forum and the 2 others that I have found and find out how I can put the domain name that I purchased to work for me. I can't wait to see what I come up with in the next month or so if I can spend about one-two hours 3-4 days a week here and on the other two.
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CC-MAIN-2018-22
| 1,361 | 1 |
https://wesolutions.co.uk/ihygx/673b1e-cof2-lewis-structure
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math
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CoF 2 is used in oxygen-sensitive fields, namely metal production. 9 - What is the hybrid orbital set used by each of the... Ch. 9 - When potassium and oxygen react, one of the... Ch. 9 - Lactic acid is a natural compound found in sour... Ch. 1. On the periodic table, Carbon, in group 4 or 14, has 4 valence electrons. Homework Help. Our Fluorines also still have 8. 9 - Draw the two resonance structures that describe... Ch. 9.3 - What is the empirical formula of Tynan purple? What are the two key concepts for this section? C. 4A 1 × 4 e– = 4 e–. What are the electron-pair geometry and molecular geometry around the central atom? For Fluorine, we have 7, but we have those two Fluorines there, for a total of 24 valence electrons. Questions 5 through 12: Write the major species in the water solution of each substance given. Lewis Structure of O 2 No other objects are involved. Study Guides. Draw the Lewis structure for carbonyl fluoride, COF2. What orbitals overlap to form the σ and π bonds between carbon and oxygen?s. Include lone pairs. Draw the Lewis structure for carbonyl fluoride, COF 2 . Coherent light of wavelength 501.5 nm is sent through two parallel slits in an opaque material. Booster Classes. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for chloroform, CHCl3.... Ch. 9 - The simple valence bond picture of O2 does not... Ch. 9 - The CN molecule has been found in interstellar... Ch. Ch. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for NF3. COF2 . The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.24 J/Cg. 9.3 - Butter yellow absorbs light with a wavelength of... Ch. Therefore, it is doubly bonded to each oxygen atom. The Carbon Atom Will Be The Central Atom. That's because Oxygen is less electronegative, and it's going to be more likely to share its valence electrons than something like Fluorine, which is very electronegative. 9.3 - Photoelectron spectroscopy is s1milar to the... Ch. Draw the Lewis structure for carbonyl fluoride, COF 2 . 9 - Consider the following list of small molecules and... Ch. 9 - The ion Si2 was reported in a laboratory... Ch. 9.3 - The kinetic energy of an electron ejected from the... Ch. 9 - Bromine forms a number of oxides of varying... Ch. 9 - Show how valence bond theory and molecular orbital... Ch. . 9.2 - The cations O2+ and N2+ are formed when molecules... Ch. The following scenarios involve a metal ball and a charged glass rod. Since it is bonded to only one carbon atom, it must form a double bond. 9 - Menthol is used in soaps, perfumes, and foods. The following reaction is exothermic: AgNO3+NaClAgCl+NaNO3. How will the equilibrium be changed if the temperat... Identify the point groups of the objects in the exercise 13.2, where possible. (carbon is the central atom). 9 - The structure of amphetamine, a stimulant, is... Ch. 9 - Sketch the resonance structures for the N2O... Ch. 9 - Sketch the resonance structures for the nitrate... Ch. 9 - What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in... Ch. Explain. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure for hydroxylamine, H2NOH.... Ch. Ch. 9 - Sketch the resonance structures for the nitrite... Ch. 9 - What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in... Ch. *Response times vary by subject and question complexity. Draw the Lewis structure for carbonyl fluoride, COF 2 . This is Dr. B., and thanks for watching. 9 - Which of the following molecules or ions are... Ch. 3.7 million tough questions answered. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom? Phagocytosis illustrates which phenomenon? Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. What orbitals overlap to form the σ and π bonds between carbon and oxygen?s.
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CC-MAIN-2021-31
| 3,612 | 1 |
https://books.google.com.jm/books?id=uAgPAAAAIAAJ&lr=
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math
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What people are saying - Write a review
We haven't found any reviews in the usual places.
Other editions - View all
a₁ algebraic angles applied axes axis B.Sc B₁ base centre circle College complete conic constant containing corresponding curve definition denote direction displacement distance Edinburgh elliptic integral equal equation Euclid's example expression factors figure force function geometrical George given gives Glasgow Hence infinite integral JOHN kind l'on lemniscate limit magnitudes Mathematics means meet method Note obtained parallel perpendicular plane position possible problem produced Professor proof proved quantities racines ratio relation represented respectively result satisfied School seen sequence sides similar Similarly solid solution space square suppose surface symbol theorem theory tractions transformation triangle unit University values zero α₁
Page 81 - The line which joins the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and equal to one half of it.
Page 26 - Formeln und Lehrsätze zum Gebrauche der elliptischen Functionen, nach Vorlesungen und Aufzeichnungen des Herrn K.
Page 102 - The quantuplicity of A with respect to B may be estimated by examining how the multiples of A are distributed among the multiples of B, when both are arranged in ascending order of magnitude and the series of multiples continued without limit.
Page 39 - In spherical triangles, whether right angled or oblique angled, the sines of the sides are proportional to the sines of the angles opposite to them.
Page 100 - II. A greater magnitude is said to be a multiple of a less, when the greater is measured by the less, that is, ' when the greater contains the less a certain number of times exactly.' III. " Ratio is a mutual relation of two magnitudes of the same kind to one another, in respect of quantity.
Page 102 - If CP and BP be produced to E and F, it will appear from Art. 35. and 36. that the Sine of BPE muft be to that of APE, as a to b; and the Sine of CPF (BPE) to that of APF, as a to r.
Page 76 - ... Nine-points Circle. If any conic be inscribed in a given triangle and a confocal to it pass through the circumcentre , then the circle through the intersection of these two confocals touches the nine-points circle of the triangle (p. 74—75). S 2 CHS CARSLAW. The Steady Motion of a Spherical Vortex. The possibility of the steady motion of a spherical vortex of constant vorticity in an infinite homogeneous liquid was first pointed out by Hill in the Phil. Trans., 1894, p. 213—245 (Rev. sem....
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CC-MAIN-2023-06
| 2,574 | 11 |
https://store.traders.com/v7412lettosc.html
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math
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LETTERS TO S&C
From one author to another
Dear Dr. Anthony,
Congratulations on your excellent article on the alpha-beta trend following system (S&C, April 1989).
1. ML is the "lag," or one-half of the moving average. Your default value is 15. Is the moving average 15
or is it 30?
2. MS default of 6. Is the moving average 6 or 12?
3. YS is the number of standard deviations. How long a period do you use to calculate one standard
deviation (the number to be multiplied by 2.5)?
If you have time to answer, many thanks!
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CC-MAIN-2019-35
| 519 | 10 |
https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2004-December/062952.html
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math
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[R] How to interpret and modify "plot.svm"?
andy_liaw at merck.com
Fri Dec 17 12:32:09 CET 2004
David can give the definitive answers, but I'll give my take on this...
> From: Frank Duan
> Dear R people,
> I am trying to plot the results from running svm in library(e1071). I
> use plot.svm. After searching through the help archives and FAQ, I
> still have several questions:
> 1. In default, crosses indicate support vectors. But why are there
> two colors of crosses? What do they represent?
SVs are part of the training data, and as such, have class labels, right?
> 2. I want to draw a white-gray colored plot and modify the different
> colored crosses or circles by different shaped points. Could anyone
> give me a hint?
Supposedly possible with the ... argument, but it's not clear how to do
that, unless you read the code (which you can, of course). Looks like some
graphical parameters are hardwired in there, so you might need to modify it
to your own liking.
> 3. Is it possible for me to draw a "hyperplane" on the plot?
Not sure what you mean. You are looking at a 2D subspace. How do you want
to draw hyperplane on such subspace?
> 4. What is the algorithm to plot the contour region?
Again, you can look at the code. It does the logical thing: predict() on a
regular grid and plot that.
> Thank you very much,
> R-help at stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list
> PLEASE do read the posting guide!
More information about the R-help
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CC-MAIN-2021-31
| 1,438 | 29 |
http://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/45327/how-much-is-a-cup-of-graham-cracker-crumbs-in-crackers-and-weight
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math
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I have a recipe that calls for one cup of graham cracker crumbs. How many crackers am I going to need to crush?
I'm having trouble finding an answer partly because different people consider a "cracker" to be of various sizes. I would consider a cracker to be a full sized sheet like this:
It would also be helpful to know what a cup of graham cracker crumbs weighs. My box of crackers is 14.4oz. I could estimate what portion of the box to use if I know how much a cup of crumbs weighs.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701164268.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193924-00200-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2016-07
| 486 | 3 |
https://downloadgames2.com/gamble/what-is-the-probability-of-getting-a-sum-of-11-when-two-dice-are-rolled.html
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math
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|Total||Number of combinations||Probability|
What is probability to getting 11?
So out of 36 possible outcomes, there are two chances that you can get the desired outcome of 11. . This means that the probability that on a given roll you have a 2 in 36 chance of getting an 11.
When you roll two dice How many ways can you get a sum that is 11 or higher?
There are 36 total possible rolls (6 for each die, and 6 times 6 is 36), so the probability of getting an 11 or higher is 3/36 = 1/12.
When we throw two dice together find the probability of getting the sum of 11 of both the numbers which occurs on the both dice?
So, a Total number of dice=6×6=36. Then, the probability of getting to achieve a sum of 11, die #1 must be a 5 or a 6 , and for each there is one outcome of die #2 that will make the sum 11. Hence the probability of throwing an 11 is 2/36.
When two dice are rolled what is the probability of getting a sum of 11 or 7?
What is the probability that the sum will be a 7 or 11? There are 36 possible outcomes for the two dice. So, the probability is 8/36 = 2/9.
What is the probability of 2 out of 11?
There is a 15.38 percent probability of a particular outcome and 84.62 percent probability of another outcome. If you bet 1 on a game with 2 to 11 odds and you win, your total payout will be 1.18 which is your bet plus 0.18 profit. Note that odds and probability are not the same.
What is the probability of getting a total of 7 or 11?
On the first roll of a Craps game, any 7 or 11 instantly doubles your “Pass Line” bet. To get a 7, it is 1 in 6 (6 outcomes out of 36 possibilities). Together, it is 8 out of 36, or 2/9, roughly 22.2%.
What is the probability of rolling a sum of 5 or a sum of 11?
As Steve says the probability of rolling a 5 is 4/36 and the probability of rolling ian 11 is 2/36 so the probability of rolling neither is 1 – (2/36 + 4/36) = 30/36.
When a dice is thrown 2 times then the probability of coming 10 on their addition is?
If you consider the chart on the webpage given, there are 36 combination of rolls you can get from two dice. When you consider the sum being 10, there are only 3 combinations. So, the probability of getting a 10 would be 3/36 = 1/12.
What is the probability of getting same number in both dice?
The probability of rolling a specific number twice in a row is indeed 1/36, because you have a 1/6 chance of getting that number on each of two rolls (1/6 x 1/6). The probability of rolling any number twice in a row is 1/6, because there are six ways to roll a specific number twice in a row (6 x 1/36).
What is the probability of getting a sum of 7 with two dice?
For each of the possible outcomes add the numbers on the two dice and count how many times this sum is 7. If you do so you will find that the sum is 7 for 6 of the possible outcomes. Thus the sum is a 7 in 6 of the 36 outcomes and hence the probability of rolling a 7 is 6/36 = 1/6.
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CC-MAIN-2022-27
| 2,918 | 21 |
http://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1357905290
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math
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posted by Anonymous on .
if Kis the smallest positive integer such that(2k)(5200) has 303digits.
Find the sum of the digits of that number when expanded.
How do you "expand" a number?
Is (2k)5200 a single number or a misprint? Why write it that way?
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125849.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00573-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-17
| 249 | 5 |
https://www.asvabtestbank.com/electronics-information/flash-cards/14052/10
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math
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|Topics||Alternating Current (AC), Conductors, Current, Direct Current (DC), Integrated Circuits, Ohm's Law, Parallel Circuit, Resistance, Transistors|
In contrast to the constant one-way flow of direct current, alternating current changes direction many times each second. Electricity is delivered from power stations to customers as AC because it provides a more efficient way to transport electricity over long distances.
Conductors are elements that allow electrons to flow freely. Their valence shell is less than half full of electrons that are able to move easily from one atom to another.
Current is the rate of flow of electrons per unit time and is measured in amperes (A). A coulomb (C) is the quantity of electricity conveyed in one second by a current of one ampere.
Direct current flows in only one direction in a circuit, from the negative terminal of the voltage source to the positive. A common source of direct current (DC) is a battery.
Circuits containing transistors are packaged into integrated circuit chips that allow encapsulating complex circuit designs (CPU, memory, I/O) for easier integration into electronic devices and machines.
Ohm's law specifies the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in an electrical circuit: V = IR.
In a parallel circuit, each load occupies a separate parallel path in the circuit and the input voltage is fully applied to each path. Unlike a series circuit where current (I) is the same at all points in the circuit, in a parallel circuit, voltage (V) is the same across each parallel branch of the circuit but current differs in each branch depending on the load (resistance) present.
Resistance is opposition to the flow of current and is measured in ohms (Ω). One ohm is defined as the amount of resistance that will allow one ampere of current to flow if one volt of voltage is applied. As resistance increases, current decreases as resistance and current are inversely proportional.
The transistor is the foundation of modern electronic devices. It is made entirely from semiconductor material (making it a solid state device) and can serve many different functions in a circuit including acting as a switch, amplifier, or current regulator. A transistor works by allowing a small amount of current applied at the base to control general current flow from collector to emitter through the transistor.
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CC-MAIN-2019-22
| 2,392 | 10 |
https://pastquestionmummy.com/school-of-nursing/school-of-psychiatric-nursing-eket-past-questions-and-answers-pdf-download/756/
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math
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School of Psychiatric Nursing Eket Past Questions and Answers is now available for grab. We have took time to compile the real and most comprehensive School of Psychiatric Nursing Eket past question paper our users. See sample questions below and how to purchase.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
(a) molecules of a liquid are stationary
(b) atoms combine to form molecules
(c) the molecules of matter are in constant motion
(d) Brownian motion is an evidence of particle nature of matter.
2. Determine elastic constant of a spring if a force of 1 N stretches it by
3. Which of the following objects is NOT in stable equilibrium?
(a) a car with wide base and low centre of gravity
(b) a ball in the middle of a bowl
(c) a car with narrow base and high centre of gravity
(d) a cone resting on its base
4. Which of the following is not true of boiling?
(a) temperature is constant during boiling
(b) occurs throughout the entire volume of the liquid
(c) takes place at all temperatures
(d) it is change from liquid in vapour at the boiling point
5. A swimming pool viewed directly from above its surface appears to bev12m deep. Find the real depth. (refractive index of water
6. A transformer has 500 turns in the primary coil and 400 turns in the secondary coil. Find the voltage in the secondary coil when the primary coil is connected to a 2.20V main
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CC-MAIN-2020-40
| 1,371 | 19 |
https://yourwestsidestory.com/qa/quick-answer-what-is-tolerance-in-a-resistor.html
|
math
|
- What color is a 100 ohm resistor?
- Do the resistors lie within the tolerance limits?
- How do you find the minimum and maximum tolerance of a resistor?
- What are the 3 types of tolerances?
- How do I calculate resistance?
- What are the three major types of fixed resistors?
- How do you calculate color code resistance?
- Why do resistors have tolerance?
- What is preferable tolerance?
- How do you know if a resistor is bad?
- How do you define tolerance?
- What is the highest value of resistance?
What color is a 100 ohm resistor?
The color code for the four bands 100 Ohm resistor is brown, black, brown, gold..
Do the resistors lie within the tolerance limits?
Resistors don’t inherently have tolerance. They are made to certain tolerances. … This is the amount that the resistance can varied from the specified value. So if you have a 1KΩ resistor with 10% tolerance, the actual value of the resistor can be 900Ω to 1100Ω .
How do you find the minimum and maximum tolerance of a resistor?
Take the nominal value and multiply it by 1 + your tolerance, which is (1+0.1). Then take the nominal value and multiply it by 1 – tolerance, or (1-0.1). The highest possible value is 517 K. The lowest possible value is 423 K.
What are the 3 types of tolerances?
Three basic tolerances that occur most often on working drawings are: limit dimensions, unilateral, and bilateral tolerances. Three basic tolerances that occur most often on working drawings are: limit dimensions, unilateral, and bilateral tolerances.
How do I calculate resistance?
If you know the total current and the voltage across the whole circuit, you can find the total resistance using Ohm’s Law: R = V / I. For example, a parallel circuit has a voltage of 9 volts and total current of 3 amps. The total resistance RT = 9 volts / 3 amps = 3 Ω.
What are the three major types of fixed resistors?
There are three main types in thick film resistors like Fusible resistors, Cermet film resistors, and Metal oxide film resistors.
How do you calculate color code resistance?
Calculating Resistor Values For example, a resistor has the following coloured markings; Yellow Violet Red = 4 7 2 = 4 7 x 102 = 4700Ω or 4k7 Ohm. The fourth and fifth bands are used to determine the percentage tolerance of the resistor.
Why do resistors have tolerance?
Tolerance is the percentage of error in the resistor’s resistance, or how much more or less you can expect a resistor’s actual measured resistance to be from its stated resistance. … A 220 Ω resistor has a silver tolerance band. Tolerance = value of resistor x value of tolerance band = 220 Ω x 10% = 22 Ω
What is preferable tolerance?
What is the preferable tolerance? High tolerance means a higher percentage of error in the resistance value and low tolerance means a low percentage of error. So low tolerance is better.
How do you know if a resistor is bad?
Your meter will read it as open circuit (infinite ohms). Or maybe it’s a 0.1 ohm current sensing part. Your meter will read it as a short circuit. If it’s a larger resistor with leads and it looks and smells burnt, assume it’s bad.
How do you define tolerance?
1 : capacity to endure pain or hardship : endurance, fortitude, stamina. 2a : sympathy or indulgence for beliefs or practices differing from or conflicting with one’s own. b : the act of allowing something : toleration.
What is the highest value of resistance?
Resistors. A resistor is a device that opposes the flow of electrical current. The bigger the value of a resistor the more it opposes the current flow. The value of a resistor is given in ohms and is often referred to as its ‘resistance’.
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CC-MAIN-2021-39
| 3,668 | 36 |
https://entranceindia.com/gate/gate-exam-2020-physics-ph-question-paper-with-answer-key/
|
math
|
GA – General Aptitude
Q1 – Q5 carry one mark each.
1. He is known for his unscrupulous ways. He always sheds______ tears to deceive people.
2. Jofra Archer, the England fast bowler, is ____ than accurate.
(A) more fast
(C) less fast
(D) more faster
3. Select the word that fits the analogy:
Build : Building :: Grow : ______
4. I do not think you know the case well enough to have opinions. Having said that, I agree with your other point.
What does the phrase “having said that” mean in the given text?
(A) as opposed to what I have said
(B) despite what I have said
(C) in addition to what I have said
(D) contrary to what I have said
5. Define [x] as the greatest integer less than or equal to x, for each x ∈ (−∞, ∞). If y = [x], then area under y for x ∈ [1, 4] is _______.
Q6 – Q10 carry two marks each.
6. Crowd funding deals with mobilization of funds for a project from a large number of people, who would be willing to invest smaller amounts through web-based platforms in the project.
Based on the above paragraph, which of the following is correct about crowd funding?
(A) Funds raised through unwilling contributions on web-based platforms.
(B) Funds raised through large contributions on web-based platforms.
(C) Funds raised through coerced contributions on web-based platforms.
(D) Funds raised through voluntary contributions on web-based platforms.
7. P, Q, R and S are to be uniquely coded using α and β. If P is coded as αα and Q as αβ, then R and S, respectively, can be coded as ______.
(A) βα and αβ
(B) ββ and αα
(C) αβ and ββ
(D) βα and ββ
8. The sum of the first n terms in the sequence 8, 88, 888, 8888, … is ______.
9. Select the graph that schematically represents BOTH y = xm and y = x1/m properly in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, for integer values of m, where m > 1.
10. The bar graph shows the data of the students who appeared and passed in an examination for four schools P, Q, R and S. The average of success rates (in percentage) of these four schools is ________.
Q1 – Q25 carry one mark each.
1. Which one of the following is a solution of for k real?
(B) sin kx
(C) cos kx
(D) sin hx
2. A real, invertible 3 × 3 matrix M has eigenvalues λi, (i = 1, 2, 3) and the corresponding eigenvectors are Which one of the following is correct?
3. A quantum particle is subjected to the potential
The ground state wave function of the particle is proportional to
4. Let respectively denote the lowering and raising operators of a one-dimensional simple harmonic oscillator. Let be the energy eigenstate of the simple harmonic oscillator. Given that is also an eigenstate of the corresponding eigenvalue is
(A) n(n – 1)
(B) n(n + 1)
(C) (n + 1)2
5. Which one of the following is a universal logic gate?
6. Which one of the following is the correct binary equivalent of the hexadecimal F6C?
(A) 0110 1111 1100
(B) 1111 0110 1100
(C) 1100 0110 1111
(D) 0110 1100 0111
7. The total angular momentum j of the ground state of the nucleus is
8. A particle X is produced in the process π+ + p → K+ + X via the strong interaction. If the quark content of the K+ is , the quark content of X is
(B) u u d
(C) u u s
9. A medium (εr > 1, μr = 1, σ > 0) is semi-transparent to an electromagnetic wave when
(A) Conduction current >> Displacement current
(B) Conduction current << Displacement current
(C) Conduction current = Displacement current
(D) Both Conduction current and Displacement current are zero
10. A particle is moving in a central force field given by is the unit vector pointing away from the center of the field. The potential energy of the particle is given by
11. Choose the correct statement related to the Fermi energy (EF) and the chemical potential (μ) of a metal.
(A) μ = EF only at 0 K
(B) μ = EF at finite temperature
(C) μ < EF at 0 K
(D) μ > EF at finite temperature
12. Consider a diatomic molecule formed by identical atoms. If EV and Ee represent the energy of the vibrational nuclear motion and electronic motion respectively, then in terms of the electronic mass m and nuclear mass M, EV/Ee is proportional to
13. Which one of the following relations determines the manner in which the electric field lines are refracted across the interface between two dielectric media having dielectric constants ε1 and ε2 (see figure) ?
(A) ε1 sinθ1 = ε2 sinθ2
(B) ε1 cosθ1 = ε2 cosθ2
(C) ε1 tanθ1 = ε2 tanθ2
(D) ε1 cotθ1 = ε2 cotθ2
14. If are the electric and magnetic fields respectively, then is
(A) odd under parity and even under time reversal
(B) even under parity and odd under time reversal
(C) odd under parity and odd under time reversal
(D) even under parity and even under time reversal
15. A small disc is suspended by a fiber such that it is free to rotate about the fiber axis (see figure). For small angular deflections, the Hamiltonian for the disc is given by
where I is the moment of inertia and α is the restoring torque per unit deflection. The disc is subjected to angular deflections (θ) due to thermal collisions from the surrounding gas at temperature T and p0 is the momentum conjugate to θ. The average and t he root-mean-square angular deflection, θavg and θrms, respectively are
16. As shown in the figure, an ideal gas is confined to chamber A of an insulated container, with vacuum in chamber B. When the plug in the wall separating the chambers A and B is removed, the gas fills both the chambers. Which one of the following statements is true?
(A) The temperature of the gas remains unchanged
(B) Internal energy of the gas decreases
(C) Temperature of the gas decreases as it expands to fill the space in chamber B
(D) Internal energy of the gas increases as its atoms have more space to move around
17. Particle A with angular momentum j = 3/2 decays into two particles B and C with angular momenta j1 and j2, respectively. If the value of α is ______.
18. Far from the Earth, the Earth’s magnetic field can be approximated as due to bar magnet of magnetic pole strength 4 × 1014 Assume this magnetic field is generated by a current carrying loop encircling the magnetic equator. The current required to do so is about 4 × 10n A, where n is an integer. The value of n is _____.
(Earth’s circumference: 4 × 107 m)
19. The number of distinct ways the primitive unit cell can be constructed for the two dimensional lattice as shown in the figure is_____.
20. A hydrogenic atom is subjected to a strong magnetic field. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling, the number of doubly degenerated states created out of the d-level is _______.
21. A particle Y undergoes strong decay Y → π− + π−. The isospin of Y is ______.
22. For a complex variable z and the contour c: |z| = 1 taken in the counter clockwise direction, _______.
23. Let p be the momentum conjugate to the generalized coordinate q. If the transformation
Q = √2qm cos p
P = √2qm sin p
is canonical, then m = ______.
24. A conducting sphere of radius 1 m is placed in air. The maximum number of electrons that can be put on the sphere to avoid electrical breakdown is about 7 × 10n, where n is integer. The value of n is ______.
Breakdown electric field strength in air is
Permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F/m
Electron charge e = 1.60 × 10−19 C
25. If a particle is moving along a sinusoidal curve, the number of degrees of freedom of the particle is ______.
Q26 – Q55 carry two marks each.
26. The product of eigenvalues of is
27. Let Let ℝ3 denote the three-dimensional real vector space. Which one of the following is correct?
(A) S is an orthonormal set
(B) S is a linearly dependent set
(C) S is a basis for ℝ3
28. denotes the spin operator defined as Which one of the following is correct?
(A) The eigenstates of spin operator
(B) The eigenstates of spin operator
(C) In the spin state upon the measurement of , the probability for obtaining
(D) In the spin state upon the measurement of , the probability for obtaining
29. The input voltage (Vin) to the circuit shown in the figure is 2cos(100t) V. The output voltage (Vout) is If R = 1 kΩ, the value of C (in μF) is
30. Consider a 4-bit counter constructed out of four flip-flops. It is formed by connecting the J and K inputs to logic high and feeding the Q output to the clock input of the following flip-flop (see the figure). The input signal to the counter is series of square pulses and the change of state is triggered by the falling edge. At time t = t0 the outputs are in logic low state (Q0 = Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = 0). Then at t = t1, the logic state of the outputs is
(A) Q0 = 1, Q1 = 0, Q2 = 0 and Q3 = 0
(B) Q0 = 0, Q1 = 0, Q2 = 0 and Q3 = 1
(C) Q0 = 1, Q1 = 0, Q2 = 1 and Q3 = 0
(D) Q0 = 0, Q1 = 1, Q2 = 1 and Q3 = 1
31. Consider the Lagrangian where a, b and c are constants. If px and py are the momenta conjugate to the coordinates x and y respectively, then the Hamiltonian is
32. Which one of the following matrices does NOT represent a proper rotation in a plane?
33. A uniform magnetic field exists in an inertial frame K. A perfect conducting sphere moves with a constant velocity with respect to this inertial frame. The rest frame of the sphere is K’ (see figure). The electric and magnetic fields in K and K’ are related as
The induced surface charge density on the sphere (to the lowest order in v/c) in the frame K’ is
(A) maximum along z’
(B) maximum along y’
(C) maximum along x’
(D) uniform over the sphere
34. A charge q moving with uniform speed enters a cylindrical region in free space at t = 0 and exits the region at t = τ (see figure). Which one of the following options best describes the time dependence of the total electric flux φ(t), through the entire surface of the cylinder?
35. Consider a one-dimensional non-magnetic crystal with one atom per unit cell. Assume that the valence electrons (i) dot not interact with each other and (ii) interact weakly with the ions. If n is the number of valence electrons per unit cell, then at 0 K,
(A) the crystal is metallic for any value of n
(B) the crystal is non-metallic for any value of n
(C) the crystal is metallic for even values of n
(D) the crystal is metallic for odd values of n
36. According to the Fermi gas model of the nucleus, the nucleons move in a spherical volume of radius R(=R0A1/3, where A is the mass number and R0 is an empirical constant with the dimensions of length). The Fermi energy of the nucleus EF is proportional to
37. Consider a two dimensional crystal with 3 atoms in the basis. The number of allowed optical branches (n) and acoustic branches (m) due to the lattice vibrations are
(A) (n, m) = (2, 4)
(B) (n, m) = (3, 3)
(C) (n, m) = (4, 2)
(D) (n, m) = (1, 5)
38. The internal energy U of a system is given by U(S, V) = λV−2/3S2, where λ is a constant of appropriate dimensions; V and S denote the volume and entropy, respectively. Which one of the following gives the correct equation of state of the system?
39. The potential energy of a particle of mass m is given by U(x) = a sin(k2x – π/2), a > 0, k2 > 0. The angular frequency of small oscillations of the particle about x = 0 is
40. The radial wave function of a particle in a central potential is given by where A is the normalization constant and a is positive constant of suitable dimensions. If γa is the most probable distance of the particle from the force center, the value of γ is _________.
41. A free particle of mass M is located in a three-dimensional cubic potential well with impenetrable walls. The degeneracy of the fifth excited state of the particle is __________.
42. Consider the circuit given in the figure. Let the forward voltage drop across each diode be 0.7 V. The current I (in mA) through the resistor is ____________.
43. Let uu denote the 4-velocity of a relativistic particle whose squre uuuμ = 1. If εμvρσ is the Levi-Civita tensor then the value of εμvρσuμuvuρuσ is ______.
44. Consider a simple cubic monoatomic Bravias lattice which has a basis with vectors a is the lattice parameter. The Bragg reflection is observed due to t he change in the wave vector between the incident and the scattered beam as given by where are primitive reciprocal lattice vectors. For n1 = 3, n2 = 3 and n3 = 2, the geometrical structure factor is _______.
45. A plane electromagnetic wave of wavelength λ is incident on a circular loop of conducting wire. The loop radius is a(a << λ). The angle (in degrees), made by the Poynting vector with t he normal to the plane of the loop to generate a maximum induced electrical signal, is _______.
46. An electron in a hydrogen atom is in the state n = 3, l = 2, m = − Let denote the y-component of the orbital angular momentum operator. If the value of α is ________.
47. A sinusoidal voltage of the form V(t) = V0 cos(ωt) is applied across a parallel plate capacitor placed in vacuum. Ignoring the edge effects, the induced emf within the region between the capacitor plates can be expressed as a power series in ω. The lowest non-vanishing exponent in ω is ________.
48. If for –π ≤ x ≤ π, the value of a2 is ______.
The value of is _______.
50. Consider the Hamiltonian where
is the time independent penturbation given by
where k > 0. If the maximum energy eigenvalue of is 3 eV corresponding to E = 2 eV, the value of k (rounded off to three decimal places) in eV is ______.
51. A hydrogen atom is in an orbital angular momentum state lies on a cone which makes a half angle 30° with respect to the z-axis, the value of l is _______.
52. In the center of mass frame, two protons each having energy 7000 GeV, collide to produce protons and anti-protons. The maximum number of anti-protons produced is_______.
(Assume the proton mass to be 1 GeV/c2)
53. Consider a gas of hydrogen atoms in the atmosphere of the Sun where the temperature is 5800 K. If a sample from this atmosphere contains 6.023 × 1023 of hydrogen atoms in the ground state, the number of hydrogen atoms in the first excited state is approximately 8 × 10n, where n is an integer. The value of n is ______.
(Boltzmann constant: 8.617 × 10−5 eV/K)
54. For a gas of non-interacting particles, the probability that a particle has a speed v in the interval v to v + dv is given by
If E is the energy of a particle, then the maximum in the corresponding energy distribution in units of E/kBT occurs at _______ (rounded off to one decimal place).
55. The Planck’s energy density distribution is given by At long wavelengths, the energy density of photons in thermal equilibrium with a cavity at temperature T varies as Tα, where α is _______.
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