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https://www.arxiv-vanity.com/papers/hep-ph/0306116/
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math
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Magnetised Neutron Stars : An Overview\abstracts
In the presence of strong magnetic field reported to have been observed on the surface of some neutron stars and on what are called Magnetars, a host of physical phenomenon from the birth of a neutron star to free streaming neutrino cooling phase will be modified. In this review I will discuss the effect of magnetic field on the equation of state of high density nuclear matter by including the anomalous magnetic moment of the nucleons into consideration. I would then go over to discuss the neutrino interaction processes in strong as well as in weak magnetic fields. The neutrino processes are important in studying the propagation of neutrinos and in studying the energy loss, Their study is a prerequisite for the understanding of actual dynamics of supernova explosion and on the stabilization of radial pulsation modes through the effect on bulk viscosity. The anisotropy introduced in the neutrino emission and through the modification of the shape of the neutrino sphere may explain the observed pulsar kicks.
Large magnetic fields Gauss have been reported to exist on the surface of pulsars. Recent observations of -ray repeaters and spinning X-ray pulsars (Magnetars) hints to the existence of fields in excess of Gauss. It then follows from the Scalar Virial theorem that the fields in the core could even reach a value as large as Gauss. There is however, an upper limit on the magnetic field discussed by Chandershekhar beyond which the magnetic energy exceeds the gravitational energy and the star is no longer stable.In the presence of such magnetic fields, neutron star properties in all its phases from its evolution from proto-neutron star to cold neutrino emitting phase would be modified. This arises because in the presence of magnetic field motion of the charged particles is quantised in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field and the charged particles occupy discrete Landau levels. This has the effect of not only modifying the energy eigenvalues but also the particle wave functions.The quantum state of a particle in magnetic field is specified by momentum components , spin s and Landau quantum number . The anomalous magnetic moments of protons and neutrons further modify the energy eigenvalues. The time scales involved during all phases of neutron stars from birth to neutrino burst through thermal neutrino emission from trapped neutrino sphere to freely streaming neutrino cooling phase are large compared to the interaction time scales of strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions and the matter is in equilibrium. The magnetic field would modify the equilibrium and all neutrino interaction processes including scattering, absorption and production.
The stategy then is to first solve the Dirac equation for all particles in magnetic field including their anamolous magnetic moments, obtain the energy eigenvalues, construct the Grand Partition Function taking into account strong interactions in some model dependent way and obtain the equation of state (EOS). The next step is to calculate the scattering cross-sections for all neutrino processes by using the exact wave functions and by modifying the phase space integrals for arbitrary values of degenracy, density, temperature and magnetic field. The various phenomenon that I will address are :
Composition of matter in neutron stars, proton fraction, effective nucleon mass etc.
Cooling of neutron stars in the free streaming regime.
Neutrino transport in neutron and collapsing stars which is an essential prerequisite for an understanding of supernova explosion, structure of proto-neutron star and observed pulsar kicks.
Damping of radial oscillations and secular instability through the calculation of bulk viscosity.
2 Nuclear Matter Composition
For determining the composition of dense, hot, magnetised matter, we employ a relativistic mean field theoretical approach in which the baryons (protons and neutrons) interact via the exchange of mesons in a constant uniform magnetic field. Following reference in a uniform magnetic field B along z axis corresponding to the choice of the gauge field ,the relativistic mean field Lagrangian can be written as
in the usual notation with and as the anomalous magnetic moments given by
where and are the Lande’s g-factor for protons and neutrons respectively. Replacing the meson fields in the relativistic mean field approximation by their density dependent average values , and , the equations of motion satisfied by the nucleons in the magnetic field become
The equations are first solved for the case when momentum along the magnetic field direction is zero and then boosting along that direction till the momentum is . For the neutrons and protons we thus get
where , where and n being integer known as Landau quantum number and principal quantum number respectively. indicates whether the spin is along or opposite to the direction of the magnetic field and is the effective baryon mass. The energy spectrum for electrons is given by
The mean field values , and are determined by minimizing the energy at fixed baryon density or by maximizing the pressure at fixed baryon chemical potential . We thus get
where and (i=e,p) are the number and scalar number densities for proton and neutron. In the presence of the magnetic field phase space volume is replaced as
The expressions for number densities, scalar densities for neutron and proton are given by
and the net electron and neutrino number densities are given by
The thermodynamic potential for the neutron, proton, electron and neutrino are given by
and the thermodynamic potential for the system is given by
where . The various chemical potential are determined by the conditions of charge neutrality and chemical equilibrium. In later stages of core collapse and during the early stages of protoneutron star, neutrinos are trapped and the chemical potentials satisfy the relation These situations are characterized by a trapped lepton fraction where is the net electron fraction and is the net neutrino fraction.
The evolution of a protoneutron star begins from a neutrino-trapped situation with to one in which the net neutrino fraction vanishes and chemical equilibrium without neutrinos is established. In this case the chemical equilibrium is modified by setting . In all cases, the conditions of charge neutrality requires
In the nucleon sector, the constants , , , b and c are determined by nuclear matter equilibrium density and the binding energy per nucleon , the symmetry energy , the compression modulous and the nucleon Dirac effective mass at . Numerical values of the coupling constants so chosen are :
3 Weak Rates and Neutrino Emissivity
The dominant mode of energy loss in neutron stars is through neutrino emission.The important neutrino emission processes leading to neutron star cooling are the so called URCA processes
At low temperatures for degenerate nuclear matter, the direct URCA process can take place only near the fermi energies of participating particles and simultaneous conservation of energy and momentum require the inequality
to be satisfied in the absence of the magnetic field. This leads to the well known threshold for the proton fraction thus leading to strong suppression in nuclear matter. This condition is satisfied for ( where ,is the nuclear saturation density), in a relativistic mean field model of interacting n-p-e gas for . The standard model of the long term cooling is the modified URCA:
which differ from the direct URCA reactions by the presence in the initial and final states of a bystander particle whose sole purpose is to make possible conservation of momentum for particles close to the Fermi surfaces.For weak magnetic field the matrix element for the process remains essentially unaffected and the modification comes mainly from the phase space factor. Treating the nucleons non-relativistically and electrons ultra-relativistically, the matrix element squared and summed over spins is given by
where is the axial-vector coupling constant. The emissivity expression is given by
where the phase space integrals are to be evaluate over all particle states. The statistical distribution function ,where are the Fermi-Dirac distributions. We can now evaluate the emissivity in the limit of extreme degeneracy, a situation appropriate in neutron star cores by using the standard techniques to perform the phase space integrals
where . In the limit of vanishing magnetic field,the sum can be replaced by an integral and we recover usual expression i.e. the case for B=0.
Modified URCA process are considered to be the dominant process for neutron star cooling. Similarly the energy loss expression with appropriate electron phase space, for modified URCA process is calculated to be
where is the coupling constant and has been estimated to be . The above equation in the limit goes over to the standard result
In the case of super strong magnetic fields such that ( Gauss) all electrons occupy the Landau ground state at T=0 which corresponds to state with electron spins pointing in the direction opposite to the magnetic field. Charge neutrality now forces the degenerate non-relativistic protons also to occupy the lowest Landau level with proton spins pointing in the direction of the field. In this situation we can no longer consider the matrix elements to be unchanged and they should be evaluated using the exact solutions of Dirac equation. Further because nucleons have anomalous magnetic moment, matrix elements need to be evaluated for specific spin states separately. The electron in state has energy and the positive energy spinor in state is given by
Protons are treated non-relativistically and the energy in state is and the non-relativistic spin up operator given by
where . For neutrons we have
and in the non-relativistic limit.The neutrino wave function is given by
Here is the usual free particle spinor, is the spin spinor and the wave function has been normalised in a volume . Using the explicit spinors given above we can now calculate the matrix element squared and summed over neutrino states to get
The neutrino emissivity is calculated by using the standard techniques for degenerate matter and we get
where and are the neutron Fermi momenta for spins along and opposite to the magnetic field direction respectively and are given by
We thus see as advertised that in the presence of quantising magnetic field the inequality is no longer required to be satisfied for the process to proceed, regardless of the value of proton fraction and we get non zero energy loss rate.
4 Bulk Viscosity of Magnetised Neutron Star Matter
The source of bulk viscosity of neutron star matter is the deviation from equilibrium, and the ensuing nonequilibrium reactions, implied by the compression and rarefaction of the matter in the pulsating neutron star. These important reactions are the URCA and the modified URCA processes. Since the source of bulk viscosity is the deviation from equilibrium, these reactions are driven by non zero value of . We calculate the bulk viscosity of neutron star matter in the presence of magnetic field for direct URCA processes in the linear regime i.e. . The bulk viscosity is defined by
Here is the specific volume of the star in equilibrium configuration, is the amplitude of the periodic perturbation with period and The quantity is the mean dissipation rate of energy per unit mass and is given by the equation
The pressure can be expressed near its equilibrium value , as
The change in the number of neutrons, protons and electrons per unit mass over a time interval due to URCA reactions (23) is given by
The net rate of production of protons, is given by the difference between the rates and of the URCA reactions. At equilibrium the two rates are obviously equal and the chemical potentials satisfy the equality A small volume perturbation brings about a small change in the chemical potentials and the above inequality is no longer satisfied, now is not zero and consequently the reaction rates are no longer equal. The net rate of production of protons will thus depend upon the value of . In the linear approximation, , the net rate can be written as
Using the thermodynamic relation and employing the above relation we obtain
The change in the chemical potential arises due to a change in the specific volume and changes in the concentrations of various species, viz, neutrons, protons and electrons. Thus
and we arrive at the following equations for :
Since for small perturbations, , A and C are constants, equation (46) can be solved analytically to give
and we obtain the following expressions for
Given the number densities of the these particle species in terms of their respective chemical potentials, one can determine the coefficients A and C; given the rates and for the two URCA processes one can determine and hence for any given baryon density and temperature. For weak magnetic field several Landau levels are populated and the matrix elements remain essentially unchanged and one needs to account for the correct phase space factor. For non-relativistic degenerate nucleons the decay rate constant is given by
For strong magnetic field, the electrons are forced into the lowest Landau level. Using the exact wave functions for protons and electrons in the lowest Landau level and carrying out the energy integrals for degenerate matter, the decay constant is given by
It is clear from above that in the case of completely polarised electrons and protons the direct URCA decay rate always gets a non-zero contribution from the second term in the last square bracket irrespective of whether the triangular inequality is satisfied or not.
5 Neutrino Opacity in Magnetised Hot and dense Nuclear Matter
We calculate neutrino opacity for magnetised, interacting dense nuclear matter for the following limiting cases: a) nucleons and electrons, highly degenerate with or without trapped neutrinos, b) non-degenerate nucleons, degenerate electrons and no trapped neutrinos and finally, c) when all particles are non-degenerate. The important neutrino interaction processes which contribute to opacity are the neutrino absorption process
and the scattering processes
both of which get contributions from charged as well as neutral current weak interactions. For the general process
The cross-section per unit volume of matter or the inverse mean free path is given by
where is the density of
states of particles and
the transition rate .
Weak Magnetic Field : For weak magnetic fields, several Landau levels are populated and the matrix element remain essentially unchanged and one needs to only account for the correct phase space factor. We first consider the neutrino-nucleon processes. In the presence of weak magnetic fields, the matrix element squared and summed over initial and final spins in the approximation of treating nucleons non-relativistically and leptons relativistically is given by
where 1, 1.23 for the absorption process;
1, 1.23 for neutrino scattering on neutrons and
0.08, 1.23 for neutrino
We now obtain neutrino cross-sections in the limits
of extreme degeneracy or for non-degenerate matter.
Degenerate Matter : The absorption cross-section for highly degenerate matter can be calculated by using (79) in (78) by the usual techniques and we get for small B
The case of freely streaming, untrapped neutrinos is obtained from the above equation by putting 0 and replacing by . When the magnetic field is much weaker than the critical field for protons, only electrons are affected and the neutrino-nucleon scattering cross-section expression remain unchanged by the magnetic field. The numerical values however, are modified due to changed chemical composition. The cross-sections are given by
If neutrinos are not trapped, we get in the elastic limit
The neutrino-electron scattering cross section is
which in the untrapped regime goes over to
Non-Degenerate Matter : We now treat the nucleons to be non-relativistic non-degenerate such that and thus the Pauli-blocking factor can be replaced by 1, the electrons are still considered degenerete and relativistic. The various cross-sections are given by
where is the nuclear density and .
If the electrons too are considered non-degenerate we get
Quantising Magnetic Field : For quantizing magnetic field the square of the matrix elements can be evaluated in a straight forward way and we get
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CC-MAIN-2021-25
| 16,468 | 78 |
https://git.sr.ht/~exprez135/taliaferro/blob/ac1278327eb1a6000727ed725be5973407d03f53/public_html/2019/11/math-club/index.html
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math
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Have you ever needed help in math, but didn’t have the time before or after school to find it? If so, stop by Room 414 on activity periods to check out Math Club! In Math Club you can receive math help from students that are able to help with almost any problem. If none of the members are able to help you, then you can get help from our sponsor, Ms. White. She teaches calculus and is a good choice for help if need be. If that’s not enticing enough, she also has an axolotl named Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who could enjoy some visitors! If you need help during any activity period and you just don’t know where to go, you should come to Math Club. Help is closer than you think!
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CC-MAIN-2021-43
| 682 | 1 |
http://www.investopedia.com/exam-guide/cfa-level-1/fixed-income-investments/bond-vaue-price.asp
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math
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How Does the Value of a Bond Change?
As rates increase or decrease, the discount rate that is used also changes appropriately. Let's change the discount rate in the above example to 10% to see how it affects the value of the bond.
Example: The Value of a Bond when Discount Rates Change
PV of the cash flows is: Year one = 70 / (1.10) to the 1st power = $ 63.63
Year two = 70 / (1.10) to the 2nd power = $ 57.85
Year three = 70 / (1.10) to the 3rd power = $ 52.63
Year four = 70 / (1.10) to the 4th power = $ 47.81
Year five = 1070 / (1.10) to the 5th power = $ 664.60
Value = 63.63 + 57.85 + 52.63 + 47.81 + 664.60 = $ 886.52
- As we can see from the above examples, an important property of PV is that for a given discount rate, the older a cash flow value is, the lower its present value.
- We can also compute the change in value from an increase in the discount rate used in our example. The change = 1,086.59 - 886.52 = 200.07.
- Another property of PV is that the higher the discount rate, the lower the value of a bond and the lower the discount rate the higher the value of the bond.
If the discount rate is higher than the coupon rate the PV will be less than par. If the discount rate is lower than the coupon rate, the PV will be higher than par value.
How Does a Bond's Price Change as it Approaches its Maturity Date?
As a bond moves closer to its maturity date, its price will move closer to par. The break down on the three scenarios is as follows:
1. If a bond is at a premium, the price will decline over time towards its par value.
2. If a bond is at a discount, the price will increase over time towards its par value
3. If a bond is at par, its price will remain the same.
To show how this works lets use our original example of the 7% bond, but now let's assume a year has passed and a discount rate remains the same at 5%.
Example: Price Changes Over Time
Let's compute the new value to see how the price moves closer to par. You should also be able to see how the amount by which the bond price changes is attributed to it being closer to it's maturity date.
PV of the cash flows is: Year one = 70 / (1.05) to the 1st power = $66.67
Year two = 70 / (1.05) to the 2nd power = $ 63.49
Year three = 70 / (1.05) to the 3rd power = $ 60.47
Year four = 1070 / (1.05) to the 4th power = $880.29
Value = 66.67 + 63.49 + 60.47 + 880.29 = 1,070.92
As the price of the bond decreases, it moves closer to its par value. Theamount of change attributed to the year's difference is 15.67.
An individual can also decompose the change that results when a bond approaches its maturity date and the discount rate changes. This is accomplished by first taking the net change in the price that reflects the change in maturity, and then adding it to the change in the discount rate. The two figures should equal the overall change in the bond's price.
Computing the Value of a Zero-coupon Bond
This may be the easiest of securities to value because there is only one cash flow - the maturity value.
Value of a zero coupon bond that matures N years from now is:
Zero coupon bond value = Maturity value / (1 + I) to the power of the number of years x 2
Where I is the semi-annual discount rate.
Example: The Value of a Zero-Coupon Bond
For illustration purposes, let's look at a zero coupon with a maturity of three years and a maturity value of $1,000 discounted at 7%
I = 0.035 (.07 / 2)
N = 3
Value of a Zero = 1,000 / (1.035) to the 6th power (3 x 2)
= 1,000 / 1.229255
Arbitrage-free Valuation Approach
InvestingUnderstanding this relationship can help an investor in any market.
Financial AdvisorTo determine the value of a bond today - for a fixed principal (par value) to be repaid in the future at any predetermined time - we can use an Excel spreadsheet.
InvestingA bond with a par value – or face value -- of $1,000 is selling at a premium when its price exceeds par.
InvestingYield to maturity is a basic investing concept used by investors to compare bonds of different coupons and times until maturity.
InvestingMake sure you understand the risks associated with bonds before making an investment decision.
Financial AdvisorMost of us have borrowed money at some point in our lives, and just as people need money, so do companies and governments. Companies need funds to expand into new markets, while governments need ...
InvestingIt is difficult to make money in bonds in a rising rate environment, but there are ways to avoid losses.
InvestingGet to know the relationships that determine a bond's price and its payout.
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| 4,537 | 48 |
https://byjus.com/absolute-value-equations-calculator/
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math
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Absolute Value Equations Calculator is a free online tool that displays the absolute value for the given equation. BYJU’S online absolute value equations calculator tool makes the calculation faster and it displays the absolute value of the variable in a fraction of seconds.
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In mathematics, an absolute value equation is defined as an equation which contains the absolute value expression. For example, |x+1|= 2. Here |x+1| is the absolute expression. The absolute value represents how far the given number is from zero. Here, negative values are not allowed. It is the size or the magnitude of the number
For example, |-2| = 2
Because -2 is 2 away from the value 0. Hence, the absolute value of -2 is 2.
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| 1,068 | 10 |
http://satoshivmig.tk/yyyk/homework-helps-math-biz.php
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math
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8 pounds) more weight loss compared to placebo, over a period of 12 weeks. They found no difference in appetite between groups (8). Overall, I looked at 4 more studies. Two of them showed weight loss of a few pounds over a period of 8 weeks (9, 10), but the other two showed no effect (11, 12).
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| 1,410 | 4 |
https://bphm.knu.ua/index.php/bphm/article/view/192
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math
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The Cauchy problem for the heat equation on the plane with a random right part from the Orlicz space
The heat equation with random conditions is a classical problem of mathematical physics. Recently, a number of works appeared, which in many ways investigated this equation according to the type of random initial conditions. We consider a Cauchy problem for the heat equations with a random right part. We study the inhomogeneous heat equation on the plane with a random right part. We consider the right part as a random function of the Orlicz space. The conditions of existence with probability one classical solution of the problem are investigated. For such a problem has been got the estimation for the distribution of the supremum solution.
Key words: stochastic processes of the Orlicz space, heat equation, estimation for the distribution of the supremum solution.
Pages of the article in the issue: 103 - 109
Language of the article: Ukrainian
RATANOV N. E., SHUHOV A. G., SUHOV Yu. M. (1991) “Stabilization of the statistical solution of the parabolic equation” , Acta Appl. Math., 22, pp. 103–115.
WOYCZYNSKI W. A.(1998) Burgers-KPZ Turbulence “Lecture Notes in Math”. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg., Vol. 1700.
SURGAILIAS D.,WOYCZYNSKI W. A. (2003) “Limit theorems for the Burgers equation initialized by data withlong-range dependence Theory and Applications of Longrange Dependence, Birkhausser, Boston.
KOZACHENKO Yu. V., LEONENKO G. M. (2006) “Extremal behavior of the heat random field”, Extremes, 8, pp. 191–205.
BEGHIN L., KOZACHENKO Yu. V., ORSINGHER E., SAKHNO L. (2007) “On the solution of linear odd-order heat-type equations with random initial”, Journal of Statistical Physics., Vol. 127, No. 4. P. 721–739.
KOZACHENKO Yu. V., VERESH K. J. (2009) “The heat equation with random initial conditions from Orlicz space”, Teor. Imovirnost. Matem. Statist., 8, pp. 63–75.
KOZACHENKO Yu. V., VERESH K. J. (2010) “Boundary-value problem for nonhomogeneousparabolic equation with Orlicz right side” Random Operators and Stochastic Equations 18., pp. 97–119.
KOZACHENKO Yu. V., SLYVKA-TYLYSHCHAK A. I. (2014) “The Cauchy problem for the heat equation with a random right part from the space Sub_φ(Ω)”, Applied Mathematics, 5, pp. 2318–2333.
KOZACHENKO Yu. V., SLYVKA-TYLYSHCHAK A. I. (2014) “The Cauchy problem for the heat equation with a random right side”, Random Oper. and Stoch. Equ., 22(1), pp. 53–64.
SLYVKA-TYLYSHCHAK A. I. (2014) “The heat equation on line with random right part from Orlicz space”, Carpatian Mathematical Publications, 6 no. 1., pp. 134-148.
BULDYGIN V. V., KOZACHENKO Yu. V. (2000) “Metric Characterization of Random Variables and Random processes”, American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode, 285 p.
MARKOVICH B. M. (2010) “Equations of Mathematical Physics”, Lviv: Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House, 2 384 p.
KOZACHENKO Yu. V., SLYVKA G. I. (2003) “Justification of the Fourier method for hyperbolic equations with random initial conditions”, Theory Probab. and Mathem. Statist., 69, pp. 67–83.
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https://forum.affinity.serif.com/index.php?/profile/126396-anamaria/
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math
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Anamaria joined the community
Hello, I have been working with Affinity publisher for a week. And i tried to export to pdf (print versión) and it promps an window that says "cannot export to pdf" I exported as a web versión without any problem. But i Need it as a print version. I cannot export my pdf document! ¿Could anybody help me please?
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http://www.ctb.com/ctb.com/control/assessmentGlossarySortViewAction?startLimit=S&endLimit=T&p=underAssess
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math
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An organized set of measurements, all of which measure one property or characteristic. Different types of test-score scales use different units, for example, number correct, percentiles, or IRT scale scores.
Scores on a single scale with intervals of equal size. The scale can be applied to all groups taking a given test, regardless of group characteristics or time of year, making it possible to compare scores from different groups of examinees. Scale scores are appropriate for various statistical purposes; for example, they can be added, subtracted, and averaged across test levels. Such computations permit educators to make direct comparisons among examinees, compare individual scores to groups, or compare an individual's pre-test and post-test scores in a way that is statistically valid. This cannot be done with percentiles or grade level equivalents.
A question or incomplete statement that is followed by answer choices, one of which is the correct or best answer. Also referred to as a "multiple-choice" item.
Special Admissions Test
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Standard Error of Measurement
A measure of the amount of error to be expected in a score from a particular test. The smaller the standard error of measurement, the greater the accuracy of the test score. The standard error of measurement is the standard deviation of a theoretical distribution of a set of variations, each of which is the difference between the obtained score and true score. Thus, if a standard error of measurement is 5, the chances are two to one that an obtained score lies within five units of the true score.
A derived score scaled to produce an arbitrarily assigned mean and standard deviation. For example, deviation IQs are standard scores with a mean of 100 and, usually, a standard deviation of 16.
The process of administering a test to a nationally representative sample of examinees using carefully defined directions, time limits, materials, and scoring procedures. The results produce norms to which the performance of other examinees can be compared, provided they took the test under the same conditions.
That part of the population that is used in the norming of a test, i.e., the reference population. The sample should represent the population in essential characteristics, some of which may be geographical location, age, or grade for K-12 students, or, for adults, participation in a specific type of program (for example, adult basic education).
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A unit of a standard score scale that divides the norm population into nine groups with the mean at stanine 5. The word stanine draws its name from the fact that it is a STAndard score on a scale of NINE units.
The part of an item that asks a question, provides directions, or presents a statement to be completed.
A passage or graphic display about which questions are asked.
A test battery is a set of several tests designed to be administered as a unit. Individual subject-area tests measure different areas of content and may be scored separately; scores from the subtests may also be combined into a single score.
One who prepares and develops tests.
A question or problem on a test.
A desired educational outcome such as "constructing meaning" or "adding whole numbers." Usually several different objectives are measured in one subtest.
One who uses test results for some decision-making purpose
One who takes a test whether by choice, direction, or necessity.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718303.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00460-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
| 4,675 | 22 |
https://mix949.com/minneapolis-named-among-worst-cities-for-college-hoops-fans/
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math
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Minneapolis Named Among Worst Cities For College Hoops Fans
March Madness is under a week away and to celebrate, the personal finance website, WalletHub released results of a new study on best and worst cities for college basketball fans.
Out of the 289 cities included in the survey, Minneapolis, Minnesota was ranked #284. You're probably wondering why!? We love basketball here...don't we?
Well, according to WalletHub Minneapolis had the second highest minimum season ticket price for a college game and we ranked dead last when compared to other large cities equal in our population size.
Each city received a score in each category including; number of college basketball (Division 1) teams (12.5 points possible), performance level of these teams (12.5 points possible), number of basketball championships (12.5 points possible), number of Hall of Fame head coaches (12.5 points possible), ticket prices (12.5 points possible), fan engagement (18.75 points possible), number of coaches in the last 10 seasons (6.25 points possible), and stadium capacity (6.25 points possible).
Minnesota's total score was 13.62 points after each category was totaled...aka not good for us.
So, which cities scored the best?
#1: Lawrence, KS
#2: Durham, NC
#3: Los Angeles, CA
#4: East Lansing, MI
#5: Chapel Hill, NC
& The Worst cities
#289: New Britain, CT
#288: Pocatello, ID
#287: Daytona Beach, FL & Montgomery, AL
#285: Hackensack, NJ
#284: Minneapolis, MN
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107875980.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20201021035155-20201021065155-00686.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-45
| 1,452 | 18 |
https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1178837373
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math
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posted by Joey .
Our class is studying the concave earth theory, which are our teacher suggests is the most viable theory for understanding the composition of the earth and the universe as a whole. However, I am having a difficult time comprehending the concave earth theory and how it would impact gravity. Can anyone help me grasp what the concave earth theory is and what scientific evidence it has in its favor?
Ask your teacher for reference material. If this is a new name for the Hollow Earth theory, it has a following of several thousand nut cases.
Huh? No, that's not exactly it, but close. It's the theory that we actually live inside the earth, and that the entire universe is contained within the earth. That's as far as I understand it, at least.
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CC-MAIN-2018-05
| 760 | 4 |
https://sciencepubco.com/index.php/ijamr/article/view/1071
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math
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A Poison Pill to Current Mathematics Delivered
The author had receded to discover the calculus of spirals, and then this discovery hit him, cutting short the calculus. The findings of concordance between natural linear numbers and prime numbers are so blatant in the mathematics, and clearly all prime numbers can be placed by spirals by their gaps and ascension of +2 and that linear ascension of prime numbers , is not mathematics in the overall logic as shown here. This manuscript is about the basics of the correct spiral placement of prime numbers and completely rejects the current linear mathematics with regard to Prime numbers, even though there is some abject work on prime number distribution over the last two centuries including the work of Riemann, but all that is irrelevant with regards to the reality of numbers mathematics. The facts are even evident on a very special ,a novel Prime number sieve of Theo Denotter , who had done this for Hope research .
The author is a physician/surgeon, who in later life decided to take a fresh look into the circus of mathematics after his son was misdiagnosed because of an error in simple mathematics related to a torsion deformity of the spine. The author in this short manuscript is concerned about mathematics, and not its current pedigree, and current writing modes. The author is recently published and offers a fresh look at mathematics and clearly suggests that current mathematics is all wet in its pursuit of the final discovery in mathematics. The author points out for the sake of mathematics this perpetuated obsession that Prime numbers are somehow random by linear ascension, is Poppy cock! And yet premier universities and journals peruse it. The author in very simple mathematics, presents a simple evidence that by definition Prime numbers cannot be random (as is vastly proven in his publications), as their gaps are rational, divisible by 2 in several ways. The mathematical readers can deduce that by examination of the evidence presented here and the readers are referenced to the much more complex papers recently published, the understanding of which (may) be beyond the reach of current mathematicians.
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
| 2,184 | 3 |
http://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/cutting?sort=frequent&pageSize=15
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math
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Physical Fitness Meta
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What can I do to make my abs look their best in a very short timeframe?
This is somewhat theoretical, but I find the situation comes up often enough. I'm in good shape, good athletic build, etc. I have decent definition in my abs (you can see the makings of a 6-pack or ...
May 12 '11 at 14:16
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802770747.108/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075250-00000-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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| 2,148 | 55 |
https://www.acemywork.com/liberal-maths-assignment-acemywork-com/
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math
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Liberal art maths is designed to address and asses the proficiencies specified within the content standards for traditional pathway. It provides students opportunities to apply knowledge and skills to complex real world situation thorough the completion performances tasks modeling the structure approach used in PARC.
Expert tutors from Acemywork will take you liberal maths to explore basic algebraic fundamental such as evaluating, creating, solving and graphing, linear, quadratic, and polynomial functions. It also focuses on skills and methods of linear quadratic, coordinate, and plane geometry. Through studying liberal maths student will gain solid experience with geometric calculation and coordinate graphing, methods for formal proof, and the techniques of construction. Furthermore, students will extend their knowledge of statistical data represented in distribution and graphical interpretations and students will explore similarity and congruence of polygons as well as area and volume of three dimensional solids.
MAKE ORDER TODAY/HIRE EXPERT TUTOR TO ACE YOUR CLASS
Students who study liberal maths should master the following at the end of their courses:
Liberal maths is a subject that requires organization and a lot of calculation which students find it difficult to do, but, at home writers we have the best mathematicians and writers from all fields. Our writers are professionals in doing their work, they are the best academically they all had good grades before joining us. You don’t have to worry about your assignment anymore just make an order with us.
Liberal maths problems rarely resembles the type of problems we face in everyday life. In this math’s you are told exactly which formula or procedure to use, and given exactly the information you need to answer the question in real life, problem solving require identifying an appropriate formula or procedure and determine what information you will need to answer the questions. thehomewriters.com will focus on problem solving process, and explore how to use these ideas to solve problems where we don’t have perfect information. The following are powerful algebraic ideas:
In liberal methods you will understand geometry to solve problems: apply formulas to solve perimeter, area, surface area and volume problems, solve problems using similar triangles and Pythagorean theorem, describe study of topology and its importance, describe the study of networks and importance, recognize and create tiling’s. And recognize when geometry is applicable to real life situation, solve real life problems, and communicate real life problems and solution to others.
Set theory is natural for us to classify items into groups, or sets, and consider how those sets overlap with each other we can use these sets to understand relationship between groups and to analyze survey data. Set is a collection of distinct objects called elements of a set.
Thehomworkwriters.com gives you the following objective of learning set theory
Statistic are often presented in an effort to add credibility to an argument or advice. This section of liberal maths will help you learned statistical essential it will make you into an intelligent consumer of statistical claims. thehomeworkwriters.com gives you the following topics in statistics:
The probability of event is the chance or likelihood it will occur there are several ways of viewing probability thehomworkwriters.com provides you with the following
Logic is a systematic way of thinking that allows us to deduce new information from old information and parse the time meaning of sentence. You use logic informally in everyday life and certainly also in doing mathematics. In liberal math you will learn the following in logic:
Doing a liberal math assignment is a breath taking task, first you must have mastered almost all formulas and how to apply them it’s not only hard to do that but also organization of your work in liberal math is paramount but at homework writers have your back with this to make sure your assignment is done this is why you should choose us:
We provide quality solutions for all assignments this is because our writers are trained to satisfy your requirement even under pressure.
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CC-MAIN-2022-40
| 4,233 | 14 |
https://books.google.com/books?id=iJ7vAAAAMAAJ&hl=en
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math
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Local class field theory
This book provides a readable introduction to local class field theory, a theory of algebraic extensions. It covers abelian extensions in particular of so-called local fields, typical examples of which are the p-adic number fields. The book is almost self-contained and is accessible to any reader with a basic background in algebra and topological groups.
What people are saying - Write a review
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Infinite Extensions of Local Fields
7 other sections not shown
abelian group algebraic extension canonical Chapter class field theory commutative complete field contained Corollary of Proposition cyclic extension cyclic group exists a unique extension k'lk extension of degree Ff(X fields and let finite abelian extension finite extension finite field finite Galois extension fixed field follows from Lemma formal group Frobenius automorphism Furthermore Gal(kab/k Gal(kur/k Gal(L Gal(L/K implies induces an isomorphism integer jr-sequence Lemma Let f let f(X Let G Let k'lk maximal ideal mod deg n-sequence norm map norm residue map normalized valuation normed sequence o-module obtain p-adic p-field of characteristic pk(n pk(x polynomial prime element Proof Proposition 1.5 Proposition 2.12 prove ramification groups remark residue class residue field roots of unity satisfies separable extension subfield subgroup of kx Theorem 6.9 totally ramified extension Un+1 unique power series v-topology valuation ring Zp-module
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039745015.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20181119023120-20181119045120-00183.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2018-47
| 1,495 | 7 |
https://calculator.org/calculators/Canon_FS-5.html
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math
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Canon FS-5 (SOLAR CARD SCIENTIFIC STATISTICAL CALCULATOR)
The Canon FS-5 is a scientific calculator with 8 digits precision and algebraic logic. It has 39 keys, and an LCD (liquid crystal) display. The power source is Solar.
Facts at a glance:
If you have a Canon FS-5 that is no longer working, you can consider replacing the calculator with a modern equivalent. We suggest the following current model as a replacement:
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585186.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20211018000838-20211018030838-00703.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-43
| 420 | 4 |
http://www.rebol.org/ml-display-message.r?m=rmlGGSS
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math
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[REBOL] Re: Spreadsheet
From: andrew:wxc at: 4-Mar-2001 21:17
> > 2) Need to code a graph sorting algorithm that gets as input the
dependencies between cell calculations.
> How much calculations would be needed? Is a left-right/up-bottom complete
calculation really to slow? Because you can enter simply rebol-code in
cells, and then dependency-checking is hard...
Copying formulas from cell to cell is boring for me. I'd prefer the Lotus
Improv method where formulas are separate from cells, the formulas then have
the ability to be rearranged so as to change dependencies.
ICQ: 26227169 http://members.nbci.com/AndrewMartin/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510734.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001005750-20231001035750-00573.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
| 626 | 11 |
http://danielcreations.com/books/an-introduction-to-differential-geometry-with-applications-to-elasticity
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math
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By Ciarlet P.G.
Read or Download An introduction to differential geometry with applications to elasticity (lecture notes) PDF
Similar geometry and topology books
The Nordic summer time university 1985 provided to younger researchers the mathematical points of the continuing examine stemming from the research of box theories in physics and the differential geometry of fibre bundles in arithmetic. the amount comprises papers, usually with unique traces of assault, on twistor tools for harmonic maps, the differential geometric elements of Yang-Mills thought, advanced differential geometry, metric differential geometry and partial differential equations in differential geometry.
This is often the 3rd released quantity of the complaints of the Israel Seminar on Geometric elements of sensible research. the massive majority of the papers during this quantity are unique examine papers. there has been final 12 months a powerful emphasis on classical finite-dimensional convexity thought and its reference to Banach house concept.
Those notes are in keeping with a direction entitled "Symplectic Geometry and Geometric Quantization" taught via Alan Weinstein on the college of California, Berkeley (fall 1992) and on the Centre Emile Borel (spring 1994). the single prerequisite for the path wanted is an information of the fundamental notions from the speculation of differentiable manifolds (differential varieties, vector fields, transversality, and so forth.
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Extra resources for An introduction to differential geometry with applications to elasticity (lecture notes)
30 Three-dimensional differential geometry [Ch. 1 satisfy the following Cauchy problem for a linear system of three ordinary differential equations with respect to three unknowns: dζj dγ i (t) = Γpij (γ(t)) (t)ζp (t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, dt dt ζj (0) = ζj0 , where the initial values ζj0 are given by ζj0 := F 0j . Note in passing that the three Cauchy problems obtained by letting = 1, 2, or 3 only differ by their initial values ζj0 . 1, p. 388]). Hence each one of the three Cauchy problems has one and only one solution.
Then there exist x1 ∈ Ω, a path γ ∈ C 1 ([0, 1]; R3 ) joining x0 to x1 , τ ∈ ]0, 1[, and an open interval I ⊂ [0, 1] containing τ such that γ(t) = x + (t − τ )ei for t ∈ I, where ei is the i-th basis vector in R3 . Since each function ζj is continuously difdγ i dζj (t) = Γpij (γ(t)) (t)ζp (t) for all 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, ferentiable in [0, 1] and satisfies dt dt we have dζj (τ ) + o(t − τ ) dt = ζj (τ ) + (t − τ )Γpij (γ(τ ))ζp (τ ) + o(t − τ ) ζj (t) = ζj (τ ) + (t − τ ) for all t ∈ I. Equivalently, F j (x + (t − τ )ei ) = F j (x) + (t − τ )Γpij (x)F p (x) + o(t − x).
Then there exist a constant C(Θ) and orientation-presk erving mappings Θ ∈ H 1 (Ω; Ed ), k ≥ 1, that are isometrically equivalent to Θk such that k Θ −Θ H 1 (Ω;Ed ) k ≤ C(Θ) (∇Θk )T ∇Θk − ∇ΘT ∇Θ 1/2 . L1 (Ω;Sd ) 1 d Hence the sequence (Θ )∞ k=1 converges to Θ in H (Ω; E ) as k → ∞ if the k T k ∞ T 1 sequence ((∇Θ ) ∇Θ )k=1 converges to ∇Θ ∇Θ in L (Ω; Sd ) as k → ∞ . Should the Cauchy-Green strain tensor be viewed as the primary unknown (as suggested above), such a sequential continuity could thus prove to be useful when considering infimizing sequences of the total energy, in particular for handling the part of the energy that takes into account the applied forces and the boundary conditions, which are both naturally expressed in terms of the deformation itself.
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| 3,770 | 15 |
https://brainmass.com/physics/expanding-universe/239430
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math
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Not what you're looking for?
How can ds = dqr/T (d-bar q(reversible) / T) can be used to determine the entropy increase of a system in an irreversible process. Why does this technique works?
Purchase this Solution
We explain how one can apply the equation dS = dq/T to compute entropy increase for irreversible processes by considering a few examples.
Suppose some system undergoes an irreversible process. It was initially in some state of thermal equilibrium at some pressure volume, temperature (thermal equilibrium means simply that quantities like temperature are well defined) and it evolves into another state of thermal equilibrium at some (other) volume, temperature, pressure. The entropy in this new state will, in general, be different. The total entropy of the system and the rest of the universe will always become larger or stay the same. If the total entropy has become larger, then the process is irreversible. This is because to restore the old state of the system plus rest of the universe would require the total entropy to go down, which is impossible.
Suppose then that we are given a certain irreversible process. The total entropy thus increases. Nevertheless, in practice we are not interested to what happens to the rest of the universe. All we care about is the system that evolves from some initial state of thermal equilibrium to some final state of thermal equilibrium. Then, we can just as well consider realizing the same change to the system in a different way so that the whole process is reversible. It turns out that this is always possible.
Simple example: Consider a cylinder filled with a gas at some temperature. Suppose you take some cloth and rub it against the cylinder, thereby heating it via friction. Clearly, this is an irreversible process. Work is being dissipated as heat. I think that it ...
Purchase this Solution
Free BrainMass Quizzes
How well do you understand variables? Test your knowledge of independent (manipulated), dependent (responding), and controlled variables with this 10 question quiz.
Some short-answer questions involving the basic vocabulary of string, sound, and water waves.
This quiz is designed to test and improve your knowledge on Classical Mechanics.
This quiz is for any area of science. Test yourself to see what knowledge of nanotechnology you have. This content will also make you familiar with basic concepts of nanotechnology.
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https://restructuringinterviews.com/blogs/restructuring/evercore-restructuring-interview-questions
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math
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Evercore Restructuring Interview Questions You Need to KnowUpdated:
Ranking restructuring investment banks is hard. However, there is no question that among the Tier 1 restructuring investment banks you'll find Evercore.
Evercore's restructuring practice - founded by the legendary David Ying - has grown quickly and has picked up some of the largest out-of-court deals in recent years.
Evercore's restructuring practice is also entirely siloed from their other business lines. Meaning that you'll be applying directly for a position within restructuring and will only be interviewed by members of the RX team.
Below are five of the most frequent RX questions that crop up in Evercore restructuring interviews.
In every restructuring interview - but in particular for Evercore - you should expect some of the following questions:
- Bond math questions (on YTM at various durations)
- Waterfall questions (where you'll be given a cap table and asked what recovery values are)
- Restructuring specific accounting questions (around PIK, asset write downs, etc.)
If you'd like even more questions (roughly 500 more, to be exact), be sure to check out the Restructuring Interviews course.
A bond is worth $80 and has a 10% coupon maturing in one year. What's the YTM? What if it matures in two years, not one?
Before beginning to answer any question on bond math, you always want to make sure you have all the information you need.
For example, you haven't been told here whether or not the coupon is paid semi-annually or annually. This makes a difference.
Note: The YTM will be lower if it's paid twice a year.
For nearly all bond math questions - because they don't want you breaking out a calculator - they'll be annual calculations. However, you should have an intuition for how yields work nevertheless.
So, if we have a coupon being paid annually then we can use the simple, generalized formula C + (P-FV) / P where C is coupon and FV is face value.
Note: We weren't told in the question what the face value was. However, you can assume it's always $100 if the price is x < $100.
So we will have $10 of coupon payments, a spread between P and FV of $20 on maturity, and a current price of $80. Therefore, we have 30/80 = 37.5%, which is your answer (as can be verified with a YTM calculator).
Now what happens if the bond matures in two years, not one? Well we're getting one more coupon payment ($10), which is good, but we're now delaying getting the spread between FV and P for two years. So YTM is going to invariably be lower. Remember that YTM hinges on reinvesting proceeds at the same rate so cash flow today is always heavily preferred.
When dealing with maturities beyond just one year, we need to use the more formal estimated YTM formula. This won't get us the exact YTM - as that would involve a much more complicated set up - instead it'll get us a reasonably close approximation. It's important to point that out in an interview.
The estimated YTM formula, for when you have maturities equal or greater to two years, is simply the following where n is the number of years until maturity:
Using this formula we'll get down to (10+10)/90, which is 22.22%. You can verify that this is the correct estimated YTM with the YTM calculator linked above (which provides both the exact YTM and the traditional estimated YTM as well).
Enterprise value (EV) is $200 and we have a TL of $100, Senior Secured Notes of $50, and Unsecured Notes of $100 and another tranche of Unsecured Notes (maturing two years after the first) of $50. What are the recovery values throughout?
Here we have a slight spin on a typical waterfall question. First, we know that the TL and the Senior Secured Notes are going to be fully covered leaving $50 behind.
Now we have two groups of Notes (bonds) within the same class.
As an aside, which may be worth keeping in mind, in a Chapter 11 you'll have a Plan of Reorganization (POR) that will need to be submitted by the debtor. One of the requirements of the POR is that it treats all claims within the same class equally, unless otherwise consented to by one of the claims in the class.
In other words, if you're in the same class you have to actively agree to take less than your proportional share (which, as you can imagine, is rare to find!).
So in this question we have two separate Notes (differing in maturity and size, but not in their seniority) and they must be treated equally.
So this class of claims should be thought of as being $150 ($100+$50) and the amount they can lay claim to is $50. So the recovery rate for both is 33.33%.
It's also important to have the right verbiage down in an interview. These Unsecured Notes represent an impaired class that in the event of a Chapter 11 would be the ones that would vote on a POR. So the recovery rate of this impaired class is 33.33%.
Let's say we have $100 in debt with 15% in PIK. How does this flow through the three statements? Let's assume a 20% tax rate.
PIK accounting questions are very common in RX interviews because so many of the out-of-court restructurings done will involve some PIK.
Note: Why is this the case? The obvious answer is because the company likely doesn't have much cash on hand (negative FCF, limited liquidity) so PIK allows them to avoid imminent cash crunches. The less obvious answer, perhaps, is that PIK allows the company to offer a much higher interest rate (in this case 15%), which current holders who may be exchanging bonds into will find enticing.
So let's go through it. On the income statement (IS) you will have $15 in new interest expense in the form of newly issued debt. This creates a tax shield (another reason why you can have higher interest rate) of $3 ($15*20%). Therefore, net income is down by $12.
Moving to the top of the cash flow statement (CFS) you have $12, you then add back the $15 as it's a non-cash expense (that's the primary reason to do PIK!), so you have cash flow from operations up by $3.
On the balance sheet (BS) you have assets (cash) up by $3, on the liabilities side you have debt up by $15, and within shareholders equity (retained earnings) you have a $12 decrease from net income. So both sides of the equation are up by $3.
If you know a certain class of debt will be heavily impaired for a public company in distress, why might equity be trading above zero? Aren't they at the bottom of the capital structure?
While it's true that equity is (of course) at the bottom of the capital structure, equity also has hypothetically unlimited upside in the event the company turns things around.
It's entirely common for a company to be in obvious distress - where there will be impaired class(es) in the capital structure - yet equity is trading above zero.
This reflects the optionality of equity. In the event of a turnaround of some kind, equity could have incredibly large gains (whereas debt, even if trading at a heavy discount, will have more lacklustre gains as it will just creep back up to around par).
So as a company enters into distress equity increasingly begins to look like a call option with a capped downside (equity going to zero in the event of a Chapter 11) or having incredibly large upside if the company can turn things around.
Tupperware is a good, practical example of this where bonds were trading below fifty cents on the dollar in March of 2020 (so clearly quite distressed) yet equity was still trading above $1 per share. Tupperware successfully did an out-of-court restructuring - pushing out maturities until 2023 - and the equity is trading well over $30 per share in 2021.
If we have a leverage ratio of 5 and a coverage ratio of 5, what is the yield on the debt?
This is one of my favorite questions. It's a bit of a brainteaser, because when you hear the answer you'll realize just how easy it is.
I've written a rather long post on it over here where I go over two different ways to solve it (one brute force, one a bit more generalizable). So for the sake of brevity I won't cover it step-by-step here.
Let's start by noting our formulas. For the leverage ratio we have Debt / EBITDA and for the coverage ratio we have EBITDA / Interest Expense.
The key to this problem is being able to isolate the yield on debt (interest rate or r), but it's obviously not directly in any of the formulas here.
The key is to notice that all interest expense represents is Debt*(r).
So we can say that the coverage ratio is 5 = EBITDA / ((r)(Debt)) and isolate r by noticing that EBITDA / Debt is just the inverse of the leverage ratio (so it's 1/5) and we therefore arrive at r = 1/25 or 4%.
As a final note, one thing I should mention is that in all restructuring interviews one of the most important things to do is show that you have the contextual understanding of what RX really is in practice.
This is particularly true now as so many people are trying to get into restructuring positions.
This is largely the reason why the Restructuring Interviews course is not just a set of hundreds of Q&A (although those are there), but also includes a nearly 100-page guide on what restructuring is in practice, what the day-to-day job entails, and what examples of deliverables you'll need to produce look like.
The single best way to stand out and give your interviewer confidence that you're worth extending an offer to is by showing you know what you're getting involved in and that it is much different than "traditional" M&A investment banking.
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CC-MAIN-2024-10
| 9,440 | 53 |
https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/5837/translate-bigger-smaller-one-into-spanish
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math
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Let's say the sentence is:
I need a bigger one.
My attempt is:
Necesito una más grande.
This obviously doesn't sound right to me. So, I would like to know how a native speaker would translate such sentences with an adjective (in comparative form, such as bigger, smaller, thinner, higher, etc.) with the word "one" after it.
Similarly, what if I had to say another one instead of bigger one here? Will it be una otra?
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510941.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001205332-20231001235332-00378.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
| 418 | 6 |
https://definithing.com/define-dictionary/azimuthal-projection/
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math
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another term for zenithal projection
A map projection in which a globe, as of the Earth, is assumed to rest on a flat surface onto which its features are projected. An azimuthal projection produces a circular map with a chosen point—the point on the globe that is tangent to the flat surface—at its center. When the central point is either of Earth’s poles, parallels appear as concentric circles on the map and meridians as straight lines radiating from the center. Directions from the central point to any other point on the map are accurate, although distances and shapes in some azimuthal projections are distorted away from the center. Compare conic projection, cylindrical projection.
- Azimuthal equidistant projection
a projection in which the shortest distance between any point and a central point is a straight line, such a line representing a great circle through the central point. azimuthal equidistant projection (āz’ə-mŭth’əl) An azimuthal map projection designed so that a straight line from the central point on the map to any other point gives […]
Astronomy, Navigation. the arc of the horizon measured clockwise from the south point, in astronomy, or from the north point, in navigation, to the point where a vertical circle through a given heavenly body intersects the horizon. Surveying, Gunnery. the angle of horizontal deviation, measured clockwise, of a bearing from a standard direction, as from […]
- Azimuth circle
a device for measuring azimuths, consisting of a graduated ring equipped with a sighting vane on each side, which fits concentrically over a compass. Historical Examples An arc of the horizon intercepted between the azimuth circle of a celestial object and the magnetic meridian. The Sailor’s Word-Book William Henry Smyth The mean of all the […]
- Azimuth bar
a device used in measuring azimuths, consisting of a bar with a sighting vane at each end,pivoted at its center, and rotating in a horizontal plane around the center of a compass.
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CC-MAIN-2018-09
| 2,005 | 9 |
https://allcounting.com/calcs/statistical-calculator
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math
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Calculator allows to determine the basic statistical parameters such as standard deviation, arithmetic mean, variance, and median for the values.
Weighted average ratings
The calculator calculates the weighted average of the ratings of the following items.
Conversion between number bases
Converter allows you to convert numbers between number bases - binary (binary), trójkowym, czwórkowym, Friday, szóstkowym, siódemkowym, octal (octal), dziewiątkowym, decimal (decymalnym) jedenastkowym, dwunastkowym, trzynastkowym, czternastkowym, piętnastkowym, hexadecimal (hex). Typed characters that are not numbers and the letters A, B, C, D, E, F are ignored.
Trigonometric functions calculator
Calculator by entering an angle in degrees or radians calculated values of the basic trigonometric functions.
Users also viewed
Friis transmission equation
The calculator calculates the power at which the antenna receives the signal output from the second antenna of the power and distance greater than a single wavelength. The higher the frequency, the higher the transmission power loss from the signal transmission.
Calculator carat weight
Calculator calculates the weight of the ore from grams to carats, points, kilograms, milligrams and ounces.
Calculator to the data calculated interest coverage ratio. WPO - tells you how many times the possibility of payment of interest is higher than the interest burden. The higher the level, the company feels less burdensome to pay interest.
The calculator calculates the amount of collected rainwater from the roof of the given dimensions. Long description
Unit Converter glucose (blood sugar)
converter converts the blood sugar level in milligrams per deciliter (mg / dL) in millimoles per liter (mmol / L) and vice versa. http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glikemia
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500094.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20230204044030-20230204074030-00829.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-06
| 1,804 | 16 |
http://www.prenhall.com/books/esm_0137784813.html
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math
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Algebra and Trigonometry: Graphing and Data Analysis, 1/e
Michael Sullivan, Chicago State University
Michael Sullivan, South Suburban College
Published December, 1997 by Prentice Hall Engineering/Science/Mathematics
Copyright 1998, 1137 pp.
Sign up for future
mailings on this subject.
See other books about:
Algebra/Trig with Graphing Calculators-Mathematics
Designed for the Precalculus course covering Algebra and
Trigonometry. This text covers right angle trigonometry first and
then develops the unit circle approach. This text requires student
use of graphing calculators or a computer based software program. For
schools who wish to cover unit circle first, please see Precalculus:
Graphing and Data Analysis.
The goal of this text is to provide a solid mathematical foundation
via visualization of real world data. Technology is used as a tool
to solve problems, motivate concepts, explore and preview mathematical
concepts and to find curves of best fit to the data. Most mathematical
concepts are developed and illustrated both algebraically and graphically
- with the more intuitive and appropriate method presented first.
@BREAKNOLINALT = Mathematics
The authors use their extensive teaching and writing experiences
to guide and support students through the typical difficult areas.
Each section opens with the mathematical objectives of the
section. Each objective is referenced as it is encountered in the
Examples are worked out step-by-step, both numerically and
Many examples include the Now Work feature which
suggests a similar odd-numbered problem from the section exercise
set. This allows for immediate reinforcement of concepts through
Historical Notes are provided in context, enhancing
student interest, provide anecdotal information on how and where mathematical
concepts have come from.
Exercises are carefully crafted beginning with confidence
builders and visualization exercises, then practice and drill, followed
by the more challenging and application driven problems. Discussion,
Writing and Research questions are clearly called out by the red icon
in the margin.
Each chapter opens by listing the concepts (and page references)
that the student will need to review Before Getting Started.
The chapters conclude with a detailed chapter review, including
Important Formulas, Theorems and Definitions, a list of
Things to Know and Do, True/False Questions, Fill-in-the-Blank
items, and Review Exercises.
@BREAKNOLINALT = Technology
The authors approach the use of technology as an enhancement
to the learning of mathematics not as a replacement for learning.
Graphing utilities are used to help students analyze data
and find curves of best fit. Types of curve fitting discussed include:
linear, quadratic, cubic, power, exponential, logarithmic, logistic,
Using the power of the grapher, students are able to approach
problems and concepts that may have been beyond them without the grapher.
Real TI-83 screen shots are used as the illustrations for
the purpose of clear visualization of the materials.
@BREAKNOLINALT = Data
Sourced data connects the mathematical concepts to other
disciplines and other interests of the students - adding relevancy
Applications involving data analysis utilize real world
sources such as the US Census Bureau, Government Agencies and the
Each chapter has an Internet Exploration. These
optional explorations introduce students to live data via
the Internet. Multiple questions follow each exploration encouraging
the use of Polya's problem solving strategies. The links to the sites
are all maintained via the Prentice Hall Companion Website for Sullivan
(NOTE: Chapters end with Chapter Review.)
Data and its Representation. Rectangular Coordinates; Graphing
Utilities; Data in Ordered Pairs. Graphs of Equations. Lines. Parallel
and Perpendicular Lines; Circles. Linear Curve Fitting. Variation.
2. Functions and Their Graphs.
Functions. More About Functions. Graphing Techniques. Operations
on Functions; Composite Functions. Mathematical Models: Constructing
3. Equations and Inequalities.
Solving Equations Using A Graphing Utility. Linear and Quadratic
Equations. Setting Up Equations: Applications. Other Types of Equations.
Inequalities. Equations and Inequalities Involving Absolute Value.
4. Polynomial and Rational Functions.
Quadratic Functions; Curve Fitting. Power Functions; Curve
Fitting. Polynomial Functions; Curve Fitting. Rational Functions.
The Real Zeros of a Polynomial Function. Complex Numbers; Quadratic
Equations with a Negative Discriminant. Complex Zeros; Fundamental
Theorem of Algebra. Polynomial and Rational Inequalities.
5. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions.
One-to-One Functions; Inverse Functions. Exponential Functions.
Logarithmic Functions. Properties of Logarithms. Logarithmic and Exponential
Equations. Compound Interest. Growth and Decay. Exponential, Logarithmic,
and Logistic Curve Fitting. Logarithmic Scales.
6. Trigonometric Functions.
Angles and Their Measure. Right Triangle Trigonometry. Computing
the Values of Trigonometric Functions of Given Angles. Trigonometric
Functions of a General Angle. Properties of the Trigonometric Functions.
Graphs of the Trigonometric Functions. The Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
7. Analytic Trigonometry.
Trigonometric Identities. Sum and Difference Formulas. Double-Angle
and Half-Angle Formulas. Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product Formulas.
8. Applications of Trigonometric Functions.
Solving Right Triangles. The Law of Sines. The Law of Cosines.
The Area of a Triangle. Sinusoidal Graphs: Sinusoidal Curve Fitting.
Simple Harmonic Motion: Damped Motion.
9. Polar Coordinates; Vectors.
Polar Coordinates. Polar Equations and Graphs. The Complex
Plane; Demoivre's Theorem. Vectors. The Dot Product.
10. Analytic Geometry.
Conics. The Parabola. The Ellipse. The Hyperbola. Rotation
of Axes; General Form of a Conic. Polar Equations of Conics. Plane
Curves and Parametric Equations.
11. Systems of Equations and Inequalities.
Systems of Linear Equations: Substitution; Elimination.
Systems of Linear Equations; Matrices. Systems of Linear Equations:
Determinants. Matrix Algebra. Partial Fraction Decomposition. Systems
of Nonlinear Equations. Systems of Inequalities. Linear Programming.
12. Sequences; Induction; Counting; Probability.
Sequences. Arithmetic Sequences. Geometric Sequences; Geometric
Series. Mathematical Induction. The Binomial Theorem. Sets and Counting
Permutations and Combinations. Probability.
Topics from Algebra and Geometry. Polynomials and Rational
Expressions. Radicals; Rational Exponents. Solving Equations. Completing
the Square. Synthetic Division.
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CC-MAIN-2018-39
| 6,638 | 117 |
https://brainly.com/question/208938
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math
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Show your work please
john wants to know the square footage of his living room in order to lay new hardwood floors. The living room has vertices at the coordinates (1,5) (11,3) (3,15) (13,13). If each unit one the coordinate plane is one square unit, then how many square feet of flooring must john buy in order to cover his entire living room?
1) john wants to buy 10% more flooring than his room requires to account for errors. If boxes of flooring cover 20 square feet, how many boxes will john need in order to account for errors in measurement?
2) if hardwood flooring costs $3.98 per square foot, what will it cost john to put new floors in his living room?
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00240-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
| 663 | 4 |
https://www.myfxbook.com/kr/community/trading-systems/damavand/1151556,1
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math
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Hi Dears, My name is Ali, I'm trading in Forex market for more than 15 years, and I loss a lot of money before as you, but I believe that, there is a rule in this market, so I worked on many technical and fundamental systems, but I found that the market is not depend on the technical and fundamentals, there is not any restrict in the market, and market try to go to the special targets, this targets is calculated from past points, and I could found this targets since 18 months ago, and we should take profit from this targets.
Of course there is two coordinates in this targets,The firs one is the value of targets and the second one is the time, So unfortunately I cant find the time exactly as the value, but I found that these targets should touch by market in 4 next candle. So I do not want to tell about this targets, but I want to play a game , a win 2 win game by me and you. but how? I create a PAMM account in real market 4 month ago and I can earn 2.5% each week in balance and equity, I'am trading on 15 pairs with out losing on balance, and you can see the historical trades in my real account and many analytic statisticts as bellow
So you could monitor my trades and invest on my PAMM account (Damavand) to earn 2.5% in each week and 10% on each month, I hold 40% as wage (managers fee) of trading and the strategies so you could try only by 1000$ at the beginning, and withdraw the profit or all of your money at the end of the each investment period(after 4 weeks)
By this strategy, I can trade in H4,Daily and Weekly time frames, but I prefer to trade in weekly as midterm and long term investment, Most of the positions take 2 or 3 days in average. This PAMM account as you see is a real account, and the balance is more than 100k right know. Let see the performance and some statistics of that:
Monthly Return by Balance, Jan 2016 : 7.97% Feb 2016 : 9.37% Mar 2016 : 6.35% Apr 2016 : 15.68% Till Today (08 May) : 3.63%
Monthly Return By Equity, Jan 2016 : 7.66% Feb 2016 : 1.14% Mar 2016 : 8.76% Apr 2016 : 19.43% Till Today (08 May) : 6.7%
Weekly Return by Balance, Week No 1 10 Jan : 3% Week No 2 17 Jan : 1.7% Week No 3 24 Jan : 1.3% Week No 4 31 Jan : 1% Week No 5 07 Feb : 2.2% Week No 6 14 Feb : 2.4% Week No 7 21 Feb : 1.5% Week No 8 28 Feb : 4.8% Week No 9 06 Mar : 0.7% Week No 10 13 Mar : 0.9% Week No 11 20 Mar : 0% Nowrouz Holiday Week No 12 27 Mar : 4.2% Week No 13 03 Apr : 4.4% Week No 14 10 Apr : 2.6% Week No 15 17 Apr : 3.7% Week No 16 24 Apr : 1.1% Week No 17 01 May: 3%
Weekly Return by Equity, Week No 1 10 Jan : 2.9% Week No 2 17 Jan : 1.7% Week No 3 24 Jan : 1.3% Week No 4 31 Jan : 1% Week No 5 07 Feb : 2.3% Week No 6 14 Feb : 1.9% Week No 7 21 Feb : -2.7% Week No 8 28 Feb : 5.0% Week No 9 06 Mar : -2.9% Week No 10 13 Mar : 9.2% Week No 11 20 Mar : 0% Nowrouz Holiday Week No 12 27 Mar : 0.9% Week No 13 03 Apr : 4.8% Week No 14 10 Apr : -1.7% Week No 15 17 Apr : -0.6% Week No 16 24 Apr : 9.7% Week No 17 01 May: 5.4%
I'm interested, to inform you some other statistics of this PAMM account,
Absolute Draw down = 0.00 % Relative Draw down = 12.41% Maximal Draw down = 8.02% MyFXbook Draw down = 17.25%
Monthly Target Return = 10% and Average Monthly Return is 10.5% you can see in Goal part of the Report weekly Target Return = 2.5% and Average Weekly return is 2.4% you can see in Goal part of the Report Trade Accuracy between 75% and 85% Avg Loss $/Avg Won$ between 0.5 and 0.85 Avg Trade Length between 2 and 3 Days
Z-Core(Probability) = -30.79(99.99%) ,It means 99.99% win trade followed by win trade and loss trade followed by loss trade Sharp Ratio =0.52 Close Trade = 1521 (in 4 or 5 Month) in average 12 trade a day Trade Instruments Number = 15 forex pair Risk Of Ruin <0.01%
Max Consecutive win(Count)= 42 Max Consecutive loss(Count)= 22 Average Consecutive win(Count)=19 Average Consecutive loss(Count)=6 Profit Factor =3.14
after invest in PAMM account, The robot will trade for you, and at the end of investment period you can withdraw your profit PAMM Account contract stat are: Minimum Investment is : 300$ Investment Period is : 1 Week Performance fee is : 40% of profit
Also you can introduce this PAMM account to others and take 20% of New investor's performance fee
lets take an Example: Suppose that you invest 1000$ for 1 week and at the end of week, robot take 2.5 percent as profit your profit=1000*0.025=25$ you should pay 40% as performance fee =25*0.4=10$ your Net Profit=25-10=15$
Also if you could introduce 10 person how invest 1000$ too,you can earn 20% of theirs performance fee too, PAMM agent's fee for each investor : 25*0.4*0.2=2$ your agent's fee for 10 investor : 2*10=20$
So your Net Profit=15$+20$=35$ each week 35$ each week means 35/1000=3.5% each week or 14% return for each month or 168% as annual return,
So invest and share the PAMM by your friends for maximum return as you can and earn unlimited profit each weekend
This system has weekly signal as mid term and long term signal, So I am trying to publish this signal in the next week, So you could follow my trend and invest on my Real PAMM Account. This week I can earn only 0.3% as profit, but the target of the each week is 2.5 Percent, so I think the next week this system can earn more than 2.5 percent for profit
고위험 경고: 외환 거래는 모든 투자자에게 적합하지 않을 수 있는 높은 수준의 위험을 수반합니다.
레버리지는 추가적인 위험 및 손실 노출을 만듭니다. 외환 거래를 결정하기 전에 투자 목표, 경험 수준 및 위험 허용 오차를 신중하게 고려하십시오.
초기 투자의 일부 또는 전부를 잃을 수 있습니다. 잃을 여유가 없는 돈을 투자하지 마십시오. 외환 거래와 관련된 위험에 대해 스스로 교육하고 궁금한 점이 있으면 독립 금융 또는 세무사에게 조언을 구하십시오.
모든 데이터 및 정보는 정보 제공 목적으로만 있는 그대로 제공되며 거래 목적이나 조언을 위한 것이 아닙니다.
과거의 성과는 미래의 결과를 나타내는 것이 아닙니다.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335004.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927100008-20220927130008-00665.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2022-40
| 6,105 | 25 |
https://www.mittag-leffler.se/seminar/bordism-of-commuting-involutions/
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math
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The bordism ring of manifolds equipped with an involution was computed additively by Conner-Floyd (1965) and multiplicatively by Alexander (1972). Alexander’s description is explicit but complicated and doesn’t seem to enjoy a simple algebraic interpretation.
In this talk I will discuss that if one extends the problem and
1) considers the family of bordism rings of manifolds with n commuting involutions for all n, and
2) takes into account the representation sphere-grading,
then there is a simple algebraic universal property. This is joint work with Stefan Schwede.
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
| 575 | 5 |
https://www.concordiacollege.edu/academics/course-listing/program/mathematics/
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math
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In addition to the required courses, students must also complete one of two groups.
Group 1 (20 credits)
4 credits from one of the following:
Group 2 (25 credits)
For either group: A maximum number of 4 credits in cooperative education may be counted toward a major in mathematics.
Students seeking licensure to teach mathematics from the state of Minnesota should complete the common requirements and group 2 requirements, and also complete a second major in education. see the education section for requirements. For additional information about teaching mathematics, see the chair of mathematics or the chair of education.
Recommended courses for students interested in graduate school:
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141196324.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20201129034021-20201129064021-00717.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
| 689 | 7 |
http://courseguide.issaquah.wednet.edu/shs_2016_2017/index.php/ib-diploma-candidates/111-mth660-ib-pre-hl-math-ib-pre-calculus
|
math
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Learning Recommendations: A- or higher in both semesters of CC Algebra 2.
General Description: IB Pre-HL Math is intended for students who will complete IB Math HL 1 and IB Math HL 2 in subsequent years. This course is designed for the student who may wish to focus on mathematics, engineering, or science after High School and is ready to learn concepts at a faster pace and at a deeper level of understanding. The IB Math HL exam will be given at the end of IB Math HL 2. IB dictates that students may not sit for HL exams until the spring of their senior year.
- Polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions
- Trigonometric Identities
- Sequences and series
- Probability and statistics
Students will learn through a combination of:
- Teacher directed instruction
- Small group collaboration
Equipment to be provided by student: Scientific Calculator AND Graphing Calculator. TI-Nspire (Not CAS) is recommended.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376828501.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20181217091227-20181217113227-00410.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2018-51
| 945 | 10 |
https://www.csauthors.net/ilhame-amirali/
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math
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According to our database1, Ilhame Amirali authored at least 4 papers between 2016 and 2019.
Legend:Book In proceedings Article PhD thesis Other
Convergence analysis of fitted numerical method for a singularly perturbed nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equation with delay.
J. Computational Applied Mathematics, 2019
High-order finite difference technique for delay pseudo-parabolic equations.
J. Computational Applied Mathematics, 2017
A finite-difference method for a singularly perturbed delay integro-differential equation.
J. Computational Applied Mathematics, 2016
Numerical treatment of a quasilinear initial value problem with boundary layer.
Int. J. Comput. Math., 2016
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CC-MAIN-2019-47
| 685 | 10 |
https://teachingmathsscholars.org/news/maths-scholar-anita-lala-reflects
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math
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Maths Scholar Anita Lala reflects
During one of our training sessions we were discussing fractions and the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of them. The question raised was how would we teach the topic?
The topic of fractions is difficult to introduce to the students.
However, we did emphasise the power of different notations and different ways of saying the same thing. We also had a long discussion, especially for the division of fractions. Everyone accepted that the way we learnt the division was the teacher showing the rule for dividing fractions.
Fractions crop up everywhere
Students relate mathematics to memorising procedures and rules
This is in order for them to be successful learners. Sometimes, I find myself recalling moments from mathematics lessons where I was taught a rule and I probably never questioned why that rule was true. The mathematics lessons are perceived as lessons where you cannot have discussions, different answers and opinions and there is only right and wrong answers. This is something that needs to change.
I have observed that students strongly believe the rule’s power.
Students make up rules regarding how to remember the rules. The most common question is: “What is the rule for this?” The focus of the lesson might be investigation of a topic, but students do not consider that as ‘learning’. They expect at the end of the lesson to learn a rule or procedure that would enable them to work on a certain topic. I am overwhelmed by the amount of effort and energy that students put into finding such rules. The only thought in my head is how to channel their effort and energy towards mathematics’ understanding and learning.
When I first started the course, I believed that the mathematics knowledge was the most important factor of being a good mathematics teacher. Now, every day I face the question: “How?”
- How am I going to introduce this topic in order to develop students’ understanding?
- How am I going to engage them and challenge them to their full potential?
- How am I going to know if the teaching is resulting in learning?
- How am I going to motivate the students?
The students get demotivated and disinterested on the subject and they will enhance the belief that mathematics is very difficult. The focus for me as a future teacher is to change this perception. I am aware that not everyone will be a successful learner in mathematics, but everyone could be engaged, motivated and challenged.
If you would like to challenge your own thinking alongside students and really explore mathematics then being a Maths Scholar is just right for you. Apply now and change your world, your career and future careers of the students you teach. Do it now!
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CC-MAIN-2024-10
| 2,744 | 16 |
https://www.projecteuclid.org/euclid.tmj/1446818559
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math
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Tohoku Mathematical Journal
- Tohoku Math. J. (2)
- Volume 67, Number 3 (2015), 419-431.
Structure of symplectic Lie groups and momentum map
We describe the structure of the Lie groups endowed with a left-invariant symplectic form, called symplectic Lie groups, in terms of semi-direct products of Lie groups, symplectic reduction and principal bundles with affine fiber. This description is particularly nice if the group is Hamiltonian, that is, if the left canonical action of the group on itself is Hamiltonian. The principal tool used for our description is a canonical affine structure associated with the symplectic form. We also characterize the Hamiltonian symplectic Lie groups among the connected symplectic Lie groups. We specialize our principal results to the cases of simply connected Hamiltonian symplectic nilpotent Lie groups or Frobenius symplectic Lie groups. Finally we pursue the study of the classical affine Lie group as a symplectic Lie group.
Tohoku Math. J. (2), Volume 67, Number 3 (2015), 419-431.
First available in Project Euclid: 6 November 2015
Permanent link to this document
Digital Object Identifier
Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet)
Zentralblatt MATH identifier
Primary: 53D20: Momentum maps; symplectic reduction
Secondary: 70G65: Symmetries, Lie-group and Lie-algebra methods
Medina, Alberto. Structure of symplectic Lie groups and momentum map. Tohoku Math. J. (2) 67 (2015), no. 3, 419--431. doi:10.2748/tmj/1446818559. https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.tmj/1446818559
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CC-MAIN-2020-05
| 1,515 | 14 |
http://plustwophysics.com/links-to-help-you-understand-the-production-of-electromagnetic-oscillations-in-lc-circuit/
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math
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Capacitors and inductors are capable of storing energy in the electric field and magnetic field respectively.
No A.C elements i.e., capacitor, inductor are pure. In other words each of them do have some resistance. The charges or current through these elements lose their energy as heat due to the resistance. The energy is radiated away in form of electromagnetic wave, which is the basis of radio, T.V transmission. As the circuits give away this energy, this loss has to be replenished. This is done using a L.C circuit. Consider the circuit below:
The capacitor, which charged, is connected to the indicator. The capacitor starts discharging i.e., the charges on capacitor start decreasing. If q and I were the charge and current then according to Kirchoff’s Law.
(i.e., e.m.f across C = e.m.f across L)
The solution for the above equation being
i.e, the charge and hence current is oscillatory. This means its magnitude and direction keeps changing. The charge on the capacitors going through the inductor generates a magnetic field and thereby some energy is stored in the magnetic field. The current slowly reaches a maximum when the capacitor is fully discharged. The induced current in the inductor opposes this and charges the capacitor in opposite direction.
The whole process repeats once again. The energy of system oscillates between capacitor and the inductor.
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http://blogs.ocweekly.com/stickaforkinit/2010/04/guess_where_im_eating_win_a_pr_1.php
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math
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Guess Where I'm Eating. Win A Prize!
Update: Okay, I can see this one's going to be tough. So here's not one, but three crucial hints.
1. The restaurant is not known for the crepes.
2. It is famous for another delicacy.
3. There are two of them in the same city.
Again, one guess per comment per user, until I give out another hint.
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http://marcobaumgartl.info/animation/subjects-mathematics-buy-essays
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math
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Just like essays in other subjects, math essays require you to consider your audience. Mathematician P.R. Halmos suggests in his article, "How to Write.
YourTutor offers study support for Australian students in all subjects and year groups - plus help with assignments and essays.
Chances are when you think about it more, you will see that it does line up with your future goals. Why is this happening? Are Asians More Proficient in Math and Science. Bees use the shape of a hexagon to store honey because it uses the least amount of wax. I know for sure that I will enter the college I want! In high school I took all math classes offered, including Calculus. Solving Math Solutions Manuals. But I also think about how she made me challenge myself. I will explain how the methods are effective and how I would expand on their class lessons. My Interest in Science, Math and Computers. The reasoning constructs or evaluates deductive reasoning. My favorite thing about math was that there was always going to be a right answer.
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http://tug.tug.org/applications/fontinst/mail/tex-fonts/1997/msg00429.html
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math
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[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
How should one handle condensed etc., variants?
The question is this: the NFSS allows you to select founts by:
Now then, standard commands define \mdseries and \bf series; and \upshape,
\itshape, and all the rest of them.
Extending this to use, say, a demi bold variant is trivial:
% db series; \dbseries -- demi bold
Which makes perfect sense however you look at it.
But what should you do to refer to, say, a condensed variant? Ideally,
another axis in the \DeclareFontShape command is needed, so you could say
This is far beyond my ability to implement, and I daresay needs some major
surgery in the guts of LaTeX.
A technique I've settled on is to add series, one series for each
occurrance of weight and expansion:
% mc series; \mcseries -- roman condensed
% mx series; \mxseries -- roman extended
This feels quite seriously inelegant, and I wonder if it is a sensible
approach, and/or if anyone else has any other ideas?
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https://www.insightcentral.net/forums/honda-insight-mpg/59522-vehicle-efficiency-value-torque-pro-app.html
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math
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It's a formula based on several variables. Correction: volumetric efficiency, not "vehicle efficiency" as I initially stated. See this link for details: http://www.installuniversity.com/ins...n_9.012000.htm
Regardless, I found the Torque app can calculate VE on its own, so nevermind. Right now my Insight is in the body shop, but the rental I have (Altima) has awful VE if the Torque app is accurate...its topping out at 70%.
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CC-MAIN-2019-30
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https://www.arxiv-vanity.com/papers/1001.2725/
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math
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The Scalar Curvature of a Causal Set
A one parameter family of retarded linear operators on scalar fields on causal sets is introduced. When the causal set is well approximated by 4 dimensional Minkowski spacetime, the operators are Lorentz invariant but nonlocal, are parametrised by the scale of the nonlocality and approximate the continuum scalar D’Alembertian when acting on fields that vary slowly on the nonlocality scale. The same operators can be applied to scalar fields on causal sets which are well approximated by curved spacetimes in which case they approximate where is the Ricci scalar curvature. This can used to define an approximately local action functional for causal sets.
The coexistence of Lorentz symmetry and fundamental, Planck scale spacetime discreteness has its price: one must give up locality. Since, if our spacetime is granular at the Planck scale, the “atoms of spacetime” that are nearest neighbours to a given atom will be of order one Planck unit of proper time away from it. The locus of such points in the approximating continuum Minkowski spacetime is a hyperboloid of infinite spatial volume on which Lorentz transformations act transitively. The nearest neighbours will, loosely, comprise this hyperboloid and so there will be an infinite number of them. Where curvature limits Lorentz symmetry, it may render the number of nearest neighbours finite but it will still be huge so long as the radius of curvature is large compared to the Planck length. Causal set theory is a discrete approach to quantum gravity which embodies Lorentz symmetry Bombelli et al. (1987, 2006) and exhibits nonlocality of exactly this form Moore (1988); Bombelli et al. (1988).
Nonlocality looks to be simultaneously a blessing and a curse in tackling the twin challenges that any fundamentally discrete approach to the problem of quantum gravity must face. These are to explain (1) how the fundamental dynamics picks out a discrete structure that is well approximated by a Lorentzian manifold and (2) why, in that case, the geometry should be a solution of the Einstein equations. This is often referred to as the problem of the continuum limit but in the context of a fundamentally discrete theory in which the discreteness scale is fixed and is not taken to zero but rather the observation scale is large, it is more accurately described as the problem of the continuum approximation.
Consider first the problem of recovering a continuum from a quantum theory of discrete manifolds. (We adopt this term following Riemann Riemann (1868) and use it to refer to causal sets, simplicial complexes, graphs, or whatever discrete entities the underlying theory is based on.) Whenever a background principle or structure in a physical theory is abandoned in order to seek a dynamical explanation for that structure, the state we actually observe becomes a very special one amongst the myriad possibilities that then arise. The continuum is just such a background assumption. In giving it up, generally one introduces a space of discrete manifolds in which the vast majority have no continuum approximation. There will therefore be a competition between the entropic pull of the huge number of noncontinuum configurations – choose one uniformly at random and it will not look anything like our spacetime – and the dynamical law which must suppress the contributions of these nonphysical configurations to the path integral. The following general argument shows that a local dynamics for quantum gravity will struggle to provide the required suppression. Consider the partition function as a sum over histories in which the weight of each discrete manifold is where is the real Wick rotated action. As we increase the observation scale, the sum will be over discrete manifolds with an increasing number, , of atoms. If the action is local – which in a discrete setting translates to it being a sum over contributions from each atom – then it will grow no faster than times some constant, , and so each weight is no smaller than . If the number of discrete manifolds with atoms grows faster than exponentially with , and if the majority of these discrete manifolds are not continuumlike then they will overwhelm the partition function and the typical configuration will not have a continuum approximation. Even when the number of discrete manifolds is believed to grow exponentially, entropy can still trump dynamics as was seen in the lack of a continuum limit in the Euclidean dynamical triangulations programme Agishtein and Migdal (1992a, b); Ambjorn and Jurkiewicz (1992, 1994). Causal dynamical triangulations do better, see, e.g., Ambjorn et al. (2004, 2005); Ambjorn et al. (2008a, b), by restricting the class of triangulations allowed in the sum.
In the case of causal sets, the number of discrete manifolds of size grows as Kleitman and Rothschild (1975) and a local action would give causal set theory little chance of recovering the continuum. So the nonlocality of causal sets holds out hope that the theory has a continuum regime and indeed there exist physically motivated, classically stochastic dynamical models for causal sets Rideout and Sorkin (2000) in which the entropically favoured configurations almost surely do not occur and those that do exhibit an intriguing hint of manifold-like-ness Ahmed and Rideout (2009).
However, nonlocality poses a danger when it comes to the second challenge of recovering Einstein’s equations. If we assume that a discrete quantum gravity theory does have a 4 dimensional continuum regime, and if the theory is local and generally covariant, then the long distance physics will be governed by an effective Lagrangian which is a derivative expansion in which all diffeomorphism invariant terms are present but higher derivative terms are suppressed by the appropriate powers of the Planckian discreteness length scale, :
where is the Ricci scalar, and are dimensionless couplings of order 1, and the dots denote further curvature squared terms as well as cubic and higher terms. The coefficient of the leading term, , is also naturally of order 1 which would make it 120 orders of magnitude larger than its observed value. However, that would also produce curvature on Planckian scales and so would not be compatible with the assumption of a continuum approximation. In a discrete theory, the question of why the cosmological constant does not take its natural value is the same question as why there is a continuum regime at all and we must look to the fundamental dynamics for its resolution. Assuming there is a resolution and a continuum regime exists, locality and general covariance then pretty much guarantee Einstein’s equations due to the natural suppression of the curvature squared and higher terms compared to the Einstein-Hilbert term.
So, Lorentz symmetry and discreteness together imply nonlocality, but nonlocality blocks the recovery of general relativity, and if causal sets were incorrigibly nonlocal, this would be fatal. Suppose, however, that the nonlocality were somehow limited to length scales shorter than a certain , which could be much larger than the Planckian discreteness scale, , but yet have remained experimentally undetected to date. There is already evidence that this is possible and indeed causal sets admit constructions that are local enough to approximate the scalar D’Alembertian operator in 2 dimensional flat spacetime Henson (2006); Sorkin (2006). We add to this evidence here by exhibiting a family of discrete operators that approximate the scalar D’Alembertian in 4 dimensional flat spacetime. Further, both the 2D and 4D operators, when applied to scalar fields on causal sets which are well described by curved spacetimes approximate , where is the Ricci scalar curvature. We use this to propose an action for a causal set which is approximately local.
We recall that a causal set (or causet) is a locally finite partial order, i.e., it is a pair where is a set and is a partial order relation on , which is (i) reflexive: , (ii) acyclic , and (iii) transitive , for all . Local finiteness is the condition that the cardinality of any order interval is finite, where the (inclusive) order interval between a pair of elements is defined to be . We write when and . We call a relation a link if the order interval contains only and : they are nearest neighbours.
Sprinkling is a way of generating a causet from a -dimensional Lorentzian manifold . It is a Poisson process of selecting points in with density so that the expected number of points sprinkled in a region of spacetime volume is . This process generates a causet whose elements are the sprinkled points and whose order is that induced by the manifold’s causal order restricted to the sprinkled points. We say that a causet is well approximated by a manifold if it could have been generated, with relatively high probability, by sprinkling into .
We propose the following definition of a discrete D’Alembertian, , on a causet that is a sprinkling, at density , into 4D Minkowski space . Let be a real scalar field, then
where the sums run over 4 layers ,
and . So, for example, layer is the set of all elements that are linked to and as described above, they will be distributed close to a hyperboloid that asymptotes to the past light cone of and is proper time away from . This sum will not in general be uniformly convergent if it is over the elements of a sprinkling into infinite so we introduce an IR cutoff, , by embedding in and summing over the finitely many elements sprinkled in the intersection of the causal past of and a ball of radius centred on . The details of the calculation that shows why 4 layers are necessary in 4D will appear elsewhere, however see Sorkin (2006) for an explanation of why 3 layers are needed in 2D and the conjecture that 4D will require 4 layers.
Now let be a real test field of compact support on . If we fix a point (which we always take to be included in ) and evaluate on a sprinkling into , its expectation value in this process is given by
where , is the volume of the causal interval between and and there is an implicit cutoff , the size of the support of , on the integration range.
It can be shown that this mean converges, as the discreteness scale is sent to zero, to the continuum D’Alembertian of ,
and that is well approximated by when the characteristic length scale, , on which varies is large compared to . is therefore effectively sampling the value of the field only in a neighbourhood of of size of order and the mean, at least, of is about as local as it can possibly be, given the discreteness.
To see roughly how this can happen, notice that the integrand in (4) is negligible for where is such that . The significant part of the integration range therefore lies between the past light cone of and the hyperboloid and comprises a part within a neighbourhood of of size – whence the local contribution – and the rest which stretches off far down the light cone. It is this second part of the range which threatens to introduce nonlocality but because it can be coordinatized by itself and some coordinates on the hyperboloid the integration over it will be proportional to
If is nearly constant over length scale , the integration is close to zero and the contribution is suppressed.
The fluctuations in , however, are a different matter: if the physical IR cutoff is fixed and the discreteness scale sent to zero, i.e., the number of causet elements grows, simulations show the fluctuations around the mean grow rather than die away and will not be approximately equal to the continuum . To dampen the fluctuations we follow Sorkin (2006) and introduce an intermediate length scale and smear out the expressions above over this new scale, with the expectation that when the inhering averaging will suppress the fluctuations via the law of large numbers. Thus we seek a discrete operator, , whose mean is given by (4) but with replaced by :
where now . Working back, one can show that the discrete operator, , with this mean is
reduces to when . effectively samples over elements in 4 broad bands with a characteristic depth , the bands’ contributions being weighted with the same set of alternating sign coefficients as in . Since (7) is just (4) with replaced by , the mean of is close to when the characteristic scale over which varies is large compared to . Now, however, numerical simulations show that the fluctuations are tamed. Points were sprinkled into a fixed causal interval in between the origin and on the axis, at varying density , where volume . For each , 100 sprinklings were done and for each sprinkling, was calculated at the topmost point of the interval for and . For , the mean was and the standard deviation . For , and and for , and . These results indicate that the fluctuations do die away, as anticipated, as increases and are consistent with the dependence . Further results will appear elsewhere.
The operators and derived in both 2D (in Sorkin (2006)) and 4D are defined in terms of the order relation on alone and so can be applied to a scalar field on any causet. If, therefore, is a (2D or 4D) curved spacetime and is a scalar field on , we can compute on a sprinkling into and calculate its mean. Let and be the volumes of the intervals in 2D and 4D respectively, and . Then, in the presence of curvature,
in 2D and 4D respectively.
These expressions can be evaluated using Riemann normal coordinates and in both cases we find
The limit is a good approximation to the mean when the field varies slowly over length scales and the radius of curvature .
If the damping of fluctuations found in simulations in flat space are indicative of what happens in curved space then, for a fixed large enough IR cutoff, , the nonlocality length scale can be chosen such that and the value of for a single sprinkling will be close to the mean. If is applied to the constant field , we therefore obtain an expression that is close to the scalar curvature of the approximating spacetime.
In each of 2D and 4D, we can now define a one parameter family of candidate actions, , for a causal set, , by summing over the elements of , times to get the units right, times a number of order one which in 4D is the ratio of to , where is the rationalized Planck length. When the nonlocality length equals the discreteness length , and the action, takes a particularly simple form as an alternating sum of numbers of small order intervals in . Up to factors of order one, we have in 2D and 4D, respectively:
where is the number of elements in and is the number of () element inclusive order intervals in .
Because is the most non-nonlocal of the operators in the family, the action is a sum of contributions each of which is not close to the value of the Ricci scalar at the corresponding point of the continuum approximation. However, one might expect that if the curvature is slowly varying on some intermediate scale, which we might as well call , the averaging involved in the summation might perform the same role of suppressing the fluctuations as the smearing out of the operator itself so that the whole action is a good approximation to the continuum action when is the appropriate size.
There are many new avenues to explore. Can we use these results to define a quantum dynamics for causal sets? In 2D is there a relation with the Gauss-Bonnet theorem? Can we analytically continue the action in an appropriate way Sorkin (2009) to enable Monte-Carlo simulations of the path sum? What sort of phenomenology might emerge from such actions? To answer this latter question, we need to know how big must be so that the action is a good approximation to the Einstein-Hilbert action of the continuum . In Sorkin (2006), a rough estimate is reported that in dimension 4, . Taking to be the Hubble scale, that would mean that in the continuum regime, only spacetimes whose curvature was constant over a scale would be able to have an approximately local fundamental action. One might expect therefore that the phenomenological IR theory of gravity that could emerge from such a fundamental theory would be governed by an effective Lagrangian
where and are of order 1, is set to its observed value, and where varies with epoch and today is much larger than the Planck scale. The phenomenological implications of these ideas remain to be explored.
We end by pointing out that these results have a relevance beyond causal set theory as they provide a “proof of concept” for the mutual compatibility of Lorentz invariance, fundamental spacetime discreteness, and approximate locality.
Acknowledgements.We thank Rafael Sorkin for invaluable help and Michael Delph and Joe Henson for useful discussions. We also thank David Rideout for help with the simulations using his CausalSets toolkit in the Cactus framework (www.cactuscode.org). DMTB is supported by EPSRC. FD is supported by by EC Grant No. MRTN-CT-2004-005616 and Royal Society Grant No. IJP 2006/R2. We thank the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Canada where much of this work was done.
- Bombelli et al. (1987) L. Bombelli, J.-H. Lee, D. Meyer, and R. Sorkin, Phys. Rev. Lett 59, 521 (1987).
- Bombelli et al. (2006) L. Bombelli, J. Henson, and R. D. Sorkin (2006), eprint gr-qc/0605006.
- Moore (1988) C. Moore, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 655 (1988).
- Bombelli et al. (1988) L. Bombelli, J. Lee, D. Meyer, and R. D. Sorkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 656 (1988).
- Riemann (1868) B. Riemann, Über die hypothesen, welche der geometrie zu grunde liegen,1854, Riemann’s Habiliationsschrift, Göttingen, (1868).
- Agishtein and Migdal (1992a) M. E. Agishtein and A. A. Migdal, Mod. Phys. Lett. A7, 1039 (1992a).
- Agishtein and Migdal (1992b) M. E. Agishtein and A. A. Migdal, Nucl. Phys. B385, 395 (1992b), eprint hep-lat/9204004.
- Ambjorn and Jurkiewicz (1992) J. Ambjorn and J. Jurkiewicz, Phys. Lett. B278, 42 (1992).
- Ambjorn and Jurkiewicz (1994) J. Ambjorn and J. Jurkiewicz, Phys. Lett. B335, 355 (1994), eprint hep-lat/9405010.
- Ambjorn et al. (2004) J. Ambjorn, J. Jurkiewicz, and R. Loll, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 131301 (2004), eprint hep-th/0404156.
- Ambjorn et al. (2005) J. Ambjorn, J. Jurkiewicz, and R. Loll, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 171301 (2005), eprint hep-th/0505113.
- Ambjorn et al. (2008a) J. Ambjorn, A. Gorlich, J. Jurkiewicz, and R. Loll, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 091304 (2008a), eprint 0712.2485.
- Ambjorn et al. (2008b) J. Ambjorn, A. Gorlich, J. Jurkiewicz, and R. Loll, Phys. Rev. D78, 063544 (2008b), eprint 0807.4481.
- Kleitman and Rothschild (1975) D. Kleitman and B. Rothschild, Trans. Amer. Math. Society 205, 205 (1975).
- Rideout and Sorkin (2000) D. P. Rideout and R. D. Sorkin, Phys. Rev. D61, 024002 (2000), eprint gr-qc/9904062.
- Ahmed and Rideout (2009) M. Ahmed and D. Rideout (2009), eprint 0909.4771.
- Henson (2006) J. Henson, in Approaches to Quantum Gravity: Towards a New Understanding of Space and Time, edited by D. Oriti (Cambridge University Press, 2006), eprint gr-qc/0601121.
- Sorkin (2006) R. D. Sorkin, in Approaches to Quantum Gravity: Towards a New Understanding of Space and Time, edited by D. Oriti (Cambridge University Press, 2006), eprint gr-qc/0703099.
- Sorkin (2009) R. D. Sorkin , in “Recent Research in Quantum Gravity”, edited by A. Dasgupta, (Nova Science Publishers, New York, to be published), eprint arxiv:0911.1479.
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https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Homogeneous+Equation
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math
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homogeneous equation[‚hä·mə′jē·nē·əs i′kwā·zhən]
an equation whose form does not change upon simultaneous multiplication of all or only some unknowns by a given arbitrary number. In the latter case, the equation is said to be homogeneous with respect to the corresponding unknowns. For example, xy + yz + zx = 0 is a homogeneous equation with respect to all unknowns, and the equation y + ln (x/z) + 5 = 0 is homogeneous with respect to x and z. The left-hand member of a homogeneous equation is a homogeneous function. The equation
a0(x)y(n) + a1(x)y(n-1) + … + an(x)y = 0
which is called a linear homogeneous differential equation, is homogeneous with respect to y, y′, …,y(n-1), y(n). The equation y′ = f(x, y), where f(x, y) = f (λx, λy) for any λ [f(x, y) is a homogeneous function with a degree of homogeneity 0], is said to be a differentia) equation homogeneous with respect to the variables x and y. For example, y′ = xy/(x2 + y2).
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https://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=5340890
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math
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- Required Textbooks for A Level Mathematics and Further Mathematics.
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https://www.huiswerkmeteenkoekje.nl/7fBA9C5adD92
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math
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Determination of appropriate mix ratios for concrete grades
Nigerians generally are only aware of the different cement brand names and they buy and use cement based on brand names rather than cement grades/strength classes. In the Nigerian open market, the two cement grades/strength classes that are available and which are used for building construction are cement grade 32.5 and cement grade 42.5.
Engineering Made Easy: Estimation of Cement, Sand, and
Note: We use here 94 lbs Portland Cement per cubic meter of concrete Example 1: Determine the number of bags of cement, sand, and gravel of a proposed concrete …
Middle Working Productivity Of Hzs75 Used Concrete Making Pl
PL series batching machine is used for the preparation of concrete mixes. top 10 china suppliers 25m3h 3mcube beam how quantuty of mortar used for sale
Civil Read - Concreting Civil Engineers
About Dump Level Instrument:- The dumpy level is an optical instrument used for surveying and levelling operations. It comprises of a telescope tube, firmly held between two collars and …
Module 4 - Construction of a gravity fed system
Reinforcement bars are used for the making of reinforced concrete. Two types of bars can The concrete consistency depends on the quantity of water used. The more liquid is the we will take as a minimum: a = 1/20 of the beam height
ASTM C31 - ACI Making and Curing Concrete Test ... - SI Certs
Beams. When rodding beams, fill in: 2 layers (rod once for every 2 sq. in. of top surface area of beam) for beam widths 6 - 8 inches; 3 or more equal layers, layers not to exceed 6" depth (rod once for every 2 sq. in. of top surface area of beam).
How To Calculate Cement, Sand & Aggregates Quantity in
Aug 03, 2018 · Cement= (1/5.5) x 1.54 = 0.28 m 3 ∴ 1 is a part of cement, 5.5 is sum of ratio Density of Cement is 1440/m 3 = 0.28 x 1440 = 403.2 kg We know each bag of cement is 50 kg For Numbers of Bags = 403.2/50 = 8 Bags We Know in one bag of cement = 1.226 CFT
Brick masonry excel - Ondrezzy
Type FBA: Brick for general use masonry selected to produce characteristic Center to center spacing of column: 3 m. a. Quantity of mortar for 1m3 of brick masonry: 6. masonry beam governed by masonry stress MSJC= Masonry Structural to block and brick by placing the ties in the mortar joints. 3m3 . 625 Queen: 2.
Volume of concrete for slab, beam, footing, Column
Volume of concrete for rectangular beam = Surface area x Depth = length x width x depth = 4×0.5×0.4=0.8m 3 Calculation of volume of concrete required for footings:- To make ease in understanding I am considering the Plain footing.
Calculators | Cement Australia
You can calculate how much concrete, cement, sand, mortar or render you will need. For each calculation you will have to know the dimensions of your object. The calculator will perform the sums for you - where relevant it will add a small percentage for the wastage that inevitably happens when mixing & using cement-based products, and then it
How to calculate quantity of cement in PCC - Civil Sir
How to calculate quantity of cement in PCC, cement consumption in PCC 1:2:4, in this topic we know about how to calculate quantity of cement in PCC and cement consumption in PCC 1:2:4. we know that we have several grade of concrete like M5, M7.5, M10, M15, M20 and M25 and so more—. Generally PCC is standard for plain cement concrete which has a mix of cement sand and aggregate in fixed
How many bags of cement do I need to make 1 cubic metre of
Dec 30, 2011 · 1 Cement 2 Sand 3 Aggregate (gravel) is too strong. 16bags (costly) 1 Cement 2.5 Sand 4 Aggregate is OK for fence posts. 13bags of cement per cubic metre. The more cement the more costly of course so don’t over do it. Note: These are 20kg bags of General Purpose cement.
Mortar (masonry) - Wikipedia
Mortar is a workable paste which hardens to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units, to fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, spread the weight of them evenly, and sometimes to add decorative colors or patterns to masonry walls.
Brick Calculator - Estimate the Bricks and Mortar Needed
To get the square footage of a modular brick add 3 ⁄ 8 ” to each dimension to account for the mortar joint, then use the formula (length × width) ÷ 144 = sq. ft. of the brick. brick & mortar width = 7 5 ⁄ 8 + 3 ⁄ 8 = 8 brick & mortar height = 2 1 ⁄ 4 + 3 ⁄ 8 = 2 5 ⁄ 8 brick ft 2 = (8 × 2 5 ⁄ 8) ÷ 144 brick ft 2 = 21 ÷ 144 = .1458
Concrete Calculator - Estimate Cement, Sand, Gravel
Example calculation Estimate the quantity of cement, sand and stone aggregate required for 1 cubic meter of 1:2:4 concrete mix. Ans. Materials required are 7 nos. of 50 kg bag of cement, 0.42 m 3 of sand and 0.83 m 3 of stone aggregate.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057508.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20210924080328-20210924110328-00044.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-39
| 4,771 | 30 |
http://combinatorics.xmu.edu.cn/model/list.aspx?id=8&page=12
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math
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Fuji Zhang and Xiaofeng Guo, Hamilton Cycles in Directed Euler Tour Graphs, Discrete Math. 64 (1987) 289-298.
I Gutman, Fuji Zhang, On the ordering of graphs with respect to their matching numbers, Discrete Appl. Math. 15(1986) 25-33.
Fuji Zhang and Xiaofeng Guo, Hamilton Cycles in Euler Tour Graphs, J. Combinatorial Theory Ser. B 40 (1986) 1-8.
Fuji Zhang, Chen Rongsi, and Xiaofeng Guo, Perfect Matchings in Hexagonal Systems, Graphs and Combinatorics 1 (1985) 383-386.
Fuji Zhang, Xiaofeng Guo, The connectivity of generalized directed tree graph and the interpolation theorem for the number of end vertices of disected spanning trees, Chin. Sci. Bull. 29(1984) 1403 (in Chinese).
Fuji Zhang, Two theorems of comparison of bipartite graphs by their energy, Chinese Sci. Bull. (English Ed.) 28(1983) 726-730.
Guoning Lin, Fuji Zhang, The characteristic polynomials of directed line graphs, and a class of directed graphs with the same spectrum, Chin. Sci. Bull. 28 (1983) 1348-1350 (in Chinese).
Fuji Zhang, Eigenvalue networks and molecular orbitals, Sci. in China (English Ed.) 22(1979) 1160-1168.
Fuji Zhang, Two theorems on elimination of nodes and edges in a Coates graph, Chin. Sci. Bull. 24 (1979) 966-968 (in Chinese).
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934804019.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20171117223659-20171118003659-00662.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-47
| 1,264 | 10 |
http://www.ask.com/math/modal-class-statistics-da9027fcc0fe8ca3
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math
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According to Professor James Jones of Richland Community College, the modal class in statistics, commonly called the mode, is the raw data unit that occurs most often within a data set. This is a part of descriptive statistics, as it is the frequency of data.Know More
To find the single most frequent score or the most frequent group of scores in a raw data set, researchers use stem-and-leaf plots, database management programs, statistical programs or count by hand. Quantitative studies produce raw numerical data. Researchers transform information from qualitative studies into categories that researchers then count as frequencies. As a description of the data, the mode does not make inferences or predictions about the frequency of the data in a population. It provides information on the specific sample. This allows researchers to quickly assess the most common answer to a question or the most frequent choice in a study for preliminary analysis.
The other measures of central tendency include the mean and the median. The mean is the average in the data set. A simple calculation for the mean is to add all the integers and divide by the number of total integers in the sample. To find the median, or middle number, the data set must be in numerical order. Then researchers divide the total number of integers by two to find the middle position.Learn more about Statistics
Experts use statistics to understand large and complex sets of data. Statistics are also helpful with surveys, which legislators use to affect policy. Knowing how statistics work is important for fully understanding news reports.Full Answer >
A mathematical outlier, which is a value vastly different from the majority of data, causes a skewed or misleading distribution in certain measures of central tendency within a data set, namely the mean and range, according to About Statistics. The affected mean or range incorrectly displays a bias toward the outlier value. The median and mode values, which express other measures of central tendency, are largely unaffected by an outlier.Full Answer >
When the number of classes in a histogram is increased, the data set is divided into more categories, and the histogram gives a more detailed picture of the data distribution. However, if there are too many classes, it becomes difficult to extract useful information from the histogram.Full Answer >
In math, the frequency is the number of times a specific value appears in a data set or list. To find the frequency of these values, one constructs a frequency table and inputs all the different values from the set.Full Answer >
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443736675218.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215755-00192-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2015-40
| 2,611 | 7 |
https://heimduo.org/how-do-you-change-the-direction-of-a-rolling-ball/
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math
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Table of Contents
- 1 How do you change the direction of a rolling ball?
- 2 What causes the ball to change the direction of the movement?
- 3 How would you change the direction of a moving object?
- 4 How does the angle affect projectile motion?
- 5 How do you change the direction of a ball without changing speed?
- 6 How does changing the launch angle affect the distance traveled by a projectile?
- 7 What happens to the velocity of the ball during upward movement?
- 8 What direction should the cue ball move when you hit it?
How do you change the direction of a rolling ball?
Explanation: If a rolling ball hits another ball they will change directions or speeds based on the force applied. When we push the balls into each other their force is redirected.
What causes the ball to change the direction of the movement?
Forces affect how objects move. They may cause motion; they may also slow, stop, or change the direction of motion of an object that is already moving. Since force cause changes in the speed or direction of an object, we can say that forces cause changes in velocity. Remember that acceleration is a change in velocity.
How does the angle affect how far the ball goes?
In most cases you should see that a medium, 45-degree angle made the ball go the farthest. When you throw the ball at a very shallow angle, gravity pulls it down and the ground is closer, which ends the throw sooner so it does not have as much time to travel as far forward.
What happens to the ball when it is pushed in the direction of the motion?
The applied force makes the ball move towards the goal. If the force applied on the object is in the direction of its motion, the speed of the object increases. If the force is applied in the direction opposite to the direction of motion, then it results in a decrease in the speed of the object.
How would you change the direction of a moving object?
A force can speed up or slow down an object. A force can change the direction in which an object is moving. A bigger force on an object will produce a bigger change in the motion.
How does the angle affect projectile motion?
Higher launch angles have greater times in the air The time in air is determined by the initial vertical velocity. Since steeper launch angles have a larger vertical velocity component, increasing the launch angle increases the time in air.
What angle is best for distance?
A projectile, in other words, travels the farthest when it is launched at an angle of 45 degrees.
What happens when the ball is pushed?
In flight, the ball rotates about the center of gravity. Newton’s laws of motion describe the translation of the center of gravity. As the ball moves through the air, the air resists the motion of the ball and the resistance force is called drag.
How do you change the direction of a ball without changing speed?
By applying force on the object. Force changes the direction of motion of the object. For example : a soccer player control the motion of a soccer ball by applying a force. It will change the ball’s direction not its speed.
How does changing the launch angle affect the distance traveled by a projectile?
Launching slightly upward will increase the distance because the projectile travels for a longer time. But launching too close to straight up would decrease the distance, since the projectile has no horizontal velocity.
Which launch angle causes the ball to travel further horizontally before hitting the ground?
In that case, the ball will travel the maximum horizontal distance before landing if it is launched at an angle of around 10 or 20 degrees to the horizontal.
Why hit the ball with a high angle?
Explain hit the ball with a high angle bc it will carry more in the air and trajectory/projection will carry it further; less friction carrying the ball Golf drives travel much farther than Major League home runs. Why might this be?
What happens to the velocity of the ball during upward movement?
In other words, during upward movement, the ball is moving with retardation. And finally, the velocity of the ball becomes zero at a height. Then again it starts falling downwards vertically and this time its velocity increases gradually under the influence of gravity.
What direction should the cue ball move when you hit it?
For a stun shot, most people know the right answer: in the tangent line direction, perpendicular to the OB direction. This is the 90° rule. For a rolling CB, the cue ball changes direction by about 30° for a wide range of cut shots (1/4 to 3/4 ball hit). This is the 30° rule.
What is the time it takes a ball to hit the ground?
REASON: The x motion is independent of the y motion for projectiles. So the time t=1.75 s for the ball to hit the ground is the same both in this case where the ball moves horizontally and the case of the ball falling straight down.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337906.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20221007014029-20221007044029-00070.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2022-40
| 4,850 | 39 |
https://mcq.jobsandhan.com/a-retailer-buys-product-from-a-shopkeeper-at-discount-of-40-on-the-list-price-marked-price-and-sells-them-to-the-customer-at-a-discount-of-25-on-the-list-price-what-is-his-profit-percentage/
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math
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A retailer buys product from a shopkeeper at discount of 40% on the list price (marked price) and sells them to the customer at a discount of 25% on the list price.What is his profit percentage ? January 18, 2020 by mcq A) 10% B) 15% C) 20% D) 25% View AnswerOption – D. More QuestionsWhy does carbon tetrachloride have no dipole moment?Civil equality impliesWhere is the headquarters of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) ?What is the main reason for establishing a baseline?OCR stands forIf two cards are taken one after another without replacing from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability for the two cards be Ace ?Which cells are destroyed in AIDSWhich of the following describes the process of glycolysis?Which is the first Indian company to be listed on NASDAQ ?After working for 8 days, Hari Ram finds that only 1/3 rd of the work has been done. He employs Satya who is 60% as efficient as Hari Ram. How many days more would Satya take to complete the work ?
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00205.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
| 994 | 1 |
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/four-small-masses-m1m4-locatedat-corners-rectangle-x-y-plane-coordinates-inmeters-m1-0260--q491475
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math
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There are four small masses (m1...m4) locatedat the corners of a rectangle in the x-y plane (coordinates are inmeters):
m1=0.260 kg at (-2.60, -2.20);
m2=0.360 kg at (-2.60, 4.00);
m3=0.120 kg at (3.60, 4.00);
m4=0.960 kg at (3.60, -2.20).
a) What is the x-coordinate of the center of mass?
b) What is the y-coordinate of the center of mass?
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982950764.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200910-00138-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2016-36
| 341 | 7 |
http://www.holisticpage.com.au/finite-or-infinite-dimensional-complex-analysis-and-applications-le-hung-son-w-yang-chung-chuntutschke/9781402076589
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math
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Le Hung Son;W Yang Chung-ChunTutschke
Release Date: 10 December 1300
Category: Mathematical Analysis
There is almost no field in mathematics that does not use mathematical analysis. Computer methods in applied mathematics are often based on statements and procedures of mathematical analysis as well. An important part of mathematical analysis is complex analysis because it has many applications in various branches of math.
Present trends in complex analysis, which are reflected in the book, are mainly concentrated on the following four research directions:
-Value distribution theory and its applications,
-Holomorphic functions in several (finitely or infinitely many) complex variables,
-Clifford analysis, I.e., complex methods in higher-dimensional real Euclidian spaces,
-Generalized analytic functions. A specific feature of today's complex analysis is combining methods of Clifford analysis. This leads to a theory of multi-regular functions.
This title is not held in stock & is ordered from suppliers, subject to availability.
Write a customer review of Finite or Infinite Dimensional Complex Analysis and Applications.
If you like this title please tell others:
Australian Bookshop. Established 2003
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987756350.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20191021043233-20191021070733-00365.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2019-43
| 1,214 | 13 |
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=19186§ion=4.1
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math
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4.1 Time formula
There is just one last activity for you to complete now before moving on to a different subject area. This will give you another opportunity to rearrange a word formula but with a few more elements to consider.
Activity 9 How many minutes for chatting?
This was the formula for the monthly cost in £ of a mobile phone that was used in week 3:
The owner wishes to stick to a monthly budget of £45. To do this they need to know the maximum number of minutes they can use, so that they don’t exceed the budget. Use doing and undoing diagrams to work the maximum number of minutes. Substitute ‘Total monthly cost in £’ for £45.
See if you can then write a word formula that will allow the number of minutes to be calculated for any budget.
Here is the doing diagram:
Undoing each step in turn gives the following undoing diagram.
Applying these operations in turn gives:
- Subtracting 20 gives:
- Dividing by 0.4 gives:
- Adding 300 gives:
So, 362 minutes can be used for a monthly budget of £45.
Now all you need to do to provide a word formula for any monthly budget is to change from £45 back to ‘Total monthly cost in £’.
So the word formula will be:
Mathematicians prefer the second way of showing this formula just because it looks much neater – otherwise there is no difference between them.
The last part of the activity was more challenging than our other examples, so well done for having a go at it. What you may not realise is that during these last few sections you have been taking your first steps into the wonderful world of algebra. This is one of the fundamental tools of most maths, science and technology, so if you continue into university level study in any of these areas you will certainly find these skills useful. You won’t be using doing and undoing diagrams but techniques used for rearranging formulas (and equations) will be just the same – looking for what ‘undoes’ each operation.
In the next section you are going to look at inequalities. This is the name mathematicians use for expressions that use notation meaning, for example ‘greater than’ and ‘less than’. You have actually come across three examples of these in this week’s and last week’s study, as you will discover when you move on.
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CC-MAIN-2023-06
| 2,277 | 18 |
https://gouldingsleeptalk.info/2022510006
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math
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Further, we discuss generators and deflning relations for the free algebra modulo the polynomial Descargar identities of the Apps Grassmann algebra and the 2 &163; 2 matrix algebra, as well as generic Programs trace matrix algebras of small order. Matrix Invariants and the Failure of Weyl's Theorem / M. , the generating function of the codimension sequence of R). Bicommutative Algebras Vesselin Drensky Institute of software Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad.
The scientific interests of academician Vesselin Drensky are Pi-algebras Telecharger in the fields of combinatorial and computer ring theory, non-commutative algebra, algebras with polynomial identities, automorphisms. The classical theorem of Weitzenb&246;ck Best Telecharger states that the Programs algebra of constants is finitely generated. Scopri Methods in Free Ring Theory: 198 di Vesselin Drensky, Antonio Giambruno, Sudarshan K. :: Books - Amazon. Free Nilpotent-by-Abelian Leibniz Algebras / Vesselin Drensky and Giulia Maria Piacentini Cattaneo Utilities --11. Algebra,, pp. The Descargar polynomial identities satisfied by A can be measured through the asymptotic download behavior download of the sequence of codimensions of A. Vesselin Drensky, Best reviewing the work, writes.
&0183;&32;The Hubert series of this algebra is given by G(^,t. We study varieties of Leibniz-Poisson algebras, whose ideals of identities contain the identity x, y&183;z, t=0, we study an Utilities interrelation between such varieties and download varieties of Leibniz algebras. software download Algebra, 393–428. software 4 Programs VESSELIN DRENSKY In the sequel we shall software use without explicit reference the following identity of formal power Telecharger series S ("^^(i-o n>o\a Best / 2. Programs Communications in Algebra: Vol.
Normal bases of affine PI-algebras are studied Telecharger through the following stages: essential Scarica height, monomial algebras, representability, and modular reduction. Utilities 8, 1113 So a, Bulgaria bg Descargar Keywords: free bicommutative algebras, varieties of bicommutative algebras, weak noetherianity, Telecharger Programs Specht Apps problem, codimension sequence, codimension Apps growth, two-dimensional. We Free show that if c(A,t) and c(B,t) are rational functions, then c(R,t) is also rational.
Constants of software Weitzenb&246;ck derivations and invariants of Descargar download unipotent transformations acting on relatively free algebras, J. - 5 Descargar Invariant Theory of Matrices. Let K be Best an arbitrary field and let Scarica A Apps be a K-algebra. Symmetric polynomials in the free metabelian Lie algebras title=Symmetric polynomials in the free metabelian Lie algebras, author=Vesselin Drensky and Sehmus Findik Descargar and Nazar Sahin Oguslu, journal=arXiv: Rings and Algebras, Pi-algebras year=.
tative ring theory and theory of PI-algebras, commutative and Utilities Free Algebras and Pi-algebras - Vesselin Drensky non-commutative invariant theory, automorphisms of polynomial and Programs other free algebras, representation theory of groups, Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras, Galois theory. Vesselin Drensky, Free algebras and PI-algebras, Springer-Verlag Singapore, Singapore,. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Coordinates and automorphisms of polynomial and free associative algebras Free Algebras and Pi-algebras - Vesselin Drensky of rank three Vesselin Drensky 1, Jie-Tai Yu 2 1.
Graduate course. Vesselin DRENSKY. Advance Scarica publication.
Free Algebras and Pi-algebras - Vesselin Drensky ZolotykhTest elements for monomorphisms of free Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras. Vesselin Drensky Algebras, Functions, rees,T and Integrals. We Apps also produce a new proof of the conjecture. Orbits in free algebras of rank two. Pi-algebras Traditionally the theory of PI-algebras has two aspects, structural and combinatorial, with considerable overlap between Free Algebras and Pi-algebras - Vesselin Drensky them. Our algebra F is a free product of two download two-dimensional algebras, F =Kx x2 Scarica +ax+b=0 ∗Ky y2 +cy+d=0 There is an software obvious analogy of F in group theory. I (1984, Formanek and Telecharger Drensky) Scarica The 2 Utilities 2 matrix algebra M 2(K); I (Folklorely known, e.
In commutative algebra, a Weitzenb&246;ck derivation is a nonzero triangular linear derivation of the polynomial algebra Best Kx1,. In the week between the software two Algebra Days (Sept. Compre online Methods in download Ring Theory: 198, de Drensky, Apps Vesselin, Giambruno, Antonio, Sehgal, Sudarshan K. We prove the conjecture for free associative algebras of rank two. Encontre diversos livros escritos por Drensky, Vesselin, Giambruno, Antonio, Sehgal, Sudarshan K. Descargar Methods in Ring Theory: Drensky, Vesselin, Giambruno, Antonio, Sehgal, Sudarshan K: Amazon. software CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Utilities Abstract. This Programs article is in its final Scarica form Best and can be cited using the date of online publication and the DOI.
Telecharger 1999, Mishchenko, Regev, Zaicev) The algebra U 2(K) of the download Free Algebras and Pi-algebras - Vesselin Drensky 2 2 Utilities upper triangular matrices; I (1982, Popov Apps and 1991 Carini, Di Vincenzo) The tensor Programs square Pi-algebras E E Utilities of the Grassmann algebra. A modification of our algorithm solves the problem whether or Scarica not an element in Kh x, yi is a semiinvariant of a nontrivial automor- phism. 1346 DRENSKY ET AL. Vesselin Drensky, IMI – BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria Free (Chairman).
Telecharger Methods in Ring Theory Lecture Notes in download Pure and Applied Mathematics: Apps Amazon. Then g W (KX d;n) = 2 n + d d = 2 dnd d! Scarica Sehgal: Libros en idiomas extranjeros. es: Vesselin Descargar Drensky, Antonio Giambruno, Sudarshan K.
Utilities - 3 The Amitsur-Levitzki Theorem. It is known Best Utilities Programs that o. software THE MODULE STRUCTURE OF RELATIVELY FREE ALGEBRAS In this section 'SOI is a proper subvariety of the variety of all associative algebras. The Algebras free product of Best two cyclic Programs groups G=x Scarica xp =1∗ y yq =1 pq≥2 contains a free subgroup software if q≥3, and is metabelian Free Algebras and Pi-algebras - Vesselin Drensky (solvable of class 2) if. Osamu Iyama (Nagoya University). Mini-course - Introduction to the Auslander-Reiten theory. Descargar We develop a new method to deal with the Cancellation Con jecture of Zariski in different environments. Corpus Telecharger ID:.
Genov and Plamen Koev, Descargar Apps title Best = COMPUTING WITH Apps RATIONAL SYMMETRIC Telecharger FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS TO INVARIANT THEORY AND Best PI-ALGEBRAS, year =. Scarica Curtis and Irving Reiner, Representation theory of finite groups and associative Pi-algebras algebras, Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. download The algebra KX d is generated also by the monomials of rst and second degree, i. Table of Contents A Combinatorial Aspects in PI-Rings. Disadvantage The growth function.
20 Feb 2021
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154897.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20210804174229-20210804204229-00489.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-31
| 7,501 | 20 |
https://web.stanford.edu/class/archive/cs/cs109/cs109.1192/demos/naturalBayes.html
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math
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April 4th, 2016
In this problem we are going to calculate the probability that a patient has an illness given a positive test-result for the illness. A positive test result means the test thinks the patient has the illness.
Things that we know: Naturally 8% of the population has the illness. The test returns a positive result 95% of the time for patients who have the illness. The test resturns a positive result 7% of the time for people who do not have the illness.
This example was origianlly presented in the context of the Mamogram test for breast cancer. I appreciate that may be sensitive to some of you. The seriousness of cancer underscores the potential for bayesian probability to be applied to important contexts.
The probability that the patient has the illness given a positive test result is:
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057303.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20210922011746-20210922041746-00165.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-39
| 809 | 5 |
https://brainmass.com/statistics/hypothesis-testing/pg54
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math
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Consolidated Power, a large electric power utility, has just built a modern nuclear power plant. This plant discharges waste water that is allowed to flow into the Atlantic Ocean. The Environmental Protection Agency has ordered that the waste water may not be excessively warm so that thermal pollution of the marine environment n
Determine the standardized test statistic to test the claim about the population proportion 'p' is 0.325 given n=42 and p-hat=0.247, use alpha=0.05
Indicate the statistical test, the degrees of freedom, the level of significance, the region of rejection, the critical value, the calculated value of the test statistic, and the probability. Situation A The number of new US book titles increased from almost 47,000 in 1990 to over 48,000 in 1991. However, this was still bel
A psychology researcher who does work in creativity wants to determine whether her sample of 50-year-old adults (N = 150) differs statistically from the population of 50-year-olds in intelligence.
Dear OTA, Please help me with steps. Thanks These problems will follow the hypothesis-testing format that is similar to (but not exactly the same as) the one your textbook uses. 1. A psychology researcher who does work in creativity wants to determine whether her sample of 50-year-old adults (N = 150) differs statis
I do not understand the worksheet for this project. Please explain. I have attached this to the file. Understanding Experiments with Two Groups Twenty sets of depressed twins are obtained for a study on the effects of a new antidepressant. In each twin set, one twin is assigned to receive the drug, and the other is desi
Researchers who are interested in schizophrenia examined 15 pairs of identical twins, where one twin was schizophrenic ("affected") and the other was not ("unaffected"). Through MRI studies, they measured the volumes of several regions and subregions within the twin's brains. The data here contains the volumes (in cubic centim
Hypothesis Testing - A market research consultant hired by the Pepsi-Cola Co is interested in determining whether there is a difference between the portions of female and male consumers who favor Pepsi Cola over Coke Classic in a particular urban location.
Need help setting up the problem. I understand the mechanics of the problem, I am having trouble setting up P1 and P2 based on the 2 way table (established from the data). ------------------------------------------------------------------- A market research consultant hired by the Pepsi-Cola Co is interested in determining
3. At a food processing plant, a machine produces 10 lb bags of sugar. In this particular process, it is important that the sugar content does not go below 9.9 lbs. In fact, when the bags of sugar are less than 9.9 lbs, maintenance is performed on the machine. Consider a hypothesis test where: Ho: X > 9.9 lbs. (In this c
1.An insurance company states that 90% of its claims are settled with 5 weeks. A consumer group selected a random sample of 100 of the company's claims and found 75 of the claims were settled within 5 weeks. Is there enough evidence to support the consumer group's claim that fewer that fewer than 90% of the claims were settled
Quarterly customer surveys are taken at a medical center. Each individual department has scores and is comparted to the medical center average. Department of Physical Therapy had scores of 9.14, 9.19 and 7.75 for quarters 1-3 respectively. The medical center had scores of 9.01, 9.00 and 9.05 for quarters 1-3 respectively.
At one time, the theory of biorhythms was very popular. The theory behind it is that our lives are affected by three primary cycles: Physical, Emotional, and Intellectual. These three cycles can be plotted as sine waves, beginning at zero on the day that a person is born. When any of the individual cycles is at a high point, the
Here, you are ready to test the hypothesis you have formulated in your JRT experimental design from the Unit 2 assignment. The task is to adjust and reframe your variables and hypothesis in such a way that it can be adequately demonstrated with collected data (better known as Sekaran's Step #8 in the Research Process). Once yu h
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated that the, on average, 1994 Polaris automobile obtains a 35 miles per gallon (mpg) on the highway. However, the company that manufactures the car claims that the EPA has underestimated the Polaris' mileage. To support its assertion, the company randomly selects 50 1994-Polaris
1. A study was conducted to estimate the mean amount spent on birthday gifts for a typical family having two children. A sample of 150 was taken, and the mean amount spent was $225. Assuming a standard deviation equal to $50, find the 95% confidence interval form, the mean for all such families. 2. In testing the hypothesis,
Statistics - Which of the following statements is not true about the level of significance in a test of hypothesis?
I have a good deal of difficulty with statistics - can you please assist me with the following attachment. Thank you. Please see attached file for full problem description. 1. If the null hypothesis is true and the researchers reject it, a Type II error has been made. True False 2. Which of the following statem
If John Smith is charged with a crime under the U.S. legal system and is brought to trial, what are the null and alternative hypotheses that the judge, the jury, and the prosecution must work under? If the jury decides in favor of John Smith does this mean that he has been proven innocent? What about if the jury finds against hi
I've been trying to understand the differences between one tailed and two tailed testing, t and z testing and p value. I think I understood #5 but need some help with #18, 23 and 44. 18. The management of White Industries is considering a new method of assembling its golf cart. The present method requires 42.3 minutes, on the
A particular magazine typically has 65% subscription renewals. A new advertising campaign is introduced to see if this can be increased. To monitor renewals, a sample of 300 subscribers is taken each month to see what percentage renew their subscription. What are the upper and lower control limits for a control chart for the
You are a water quality tester, working for the EPA. You are testing the water in a stream just below the point where a major manufacturing company runs water from its plant into the stream. In particular, you are testing for the presence of a pollutant that is supposed to be held at a mean level of 10 ppm. You test the follo
1. We have now studied two statistics Z and t. Compare and contrast the use of these two statistical tests, with particular attention to the quantity and quality of the data we use in each test. Is one test better than the other? 2. In research the concept of p value is useful to interpret the results of a hypothesis test.
The data to the left are the highway mileage obtained from 20 automobiles of the same make and model driven under normal conditions by 20 different owners. a. The sticker on the automobile claims that cars of this type get an average of 30 miles per gallon. However the average of these 20 autos is only 28.6 miles per gallon.
8.76 A random sample of 25 SUV's of the same year and model revealed the following miles per gallon (mpg) values: 12.4 13.0 12.6 13.1 13.0 12.0 13.1 12.6 9.5 13.25 12.4 11.7 10.0 14.0 10
Dear: I need help with the following sample question. Many thanks! Could you offer me related data and detailed explanations to the sub-questions so that I can attack similar problems? Thanks! The question: We will run a regression to test whether the Random Walk Model describes daily adjusted closing prices for S
EXERCISES FROM LIND (Statistical Techniques in Business & Economics by Lind, et al) 1. The Grand Strand Family Medical Center is specifically set up to treat minor medical emergencies for visitors to the Myrtle Beach area. There are two facilities, one in the Little River Area and the other in Murrells Inlet. The Quality Assu
Please see attached file for full problem description. Chapter 10 For Exercises 1 & 3 answer the questions: (a) Is this a one- or two-tailed test? (b) What is the decision rule? (c) What is the value of the test statistic? (d) What is your decision regarding H0? (e) What is the p-value? Interpret it. 1. The following in
Please see attached file for full problem description. 1- At LLD Records, some of the market research of college students is done during promotions on college campuses, while other market research of college students is done through anonymous mail, phone, internet, and record store questionnaires. In all cases, for each new C
The nighttime cold medicine Dozenol bears the label indicating the presence of 600 mg of acetaminophen in each fluid ounce of drug. The Food and Drug administration randomly selected 98 one ounce samples and found that the mean acetaminophen is 575 mg, whereas the standard deviation is 55 mg. Use a 21% significance level and tes
1. Variance is... A. The average of the squared deviation from the mean. B. A measure of variability of data values about the mean. C. A measure of dispersion. D. All of the above. F. None of the above. 2. Analysis of variance means... A. We compute the variances of the variables observed in the study.
1-Refer to the table below (Computer-interactive Data analysis) that lists the number of years that U.S president and popes and British monarch (since 1690) lived after their inauguration, election, or coronation. Determine whether the survival times for the three groups differ. See attachment for data. 2q-Archaeology: Skull
Statistical problems from the book Basic Statistics for Business and Economics. Lind, D. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Series
60. Owens Orchards sells apples in a large bag by weight. A sample of seven bags contained the following numbers of apples: 23, 19, 26, 17, 21, 24, 22. a. Compute the mean number and median number of apples in a bag. b. Verify that _(X _ ) _ 0. 62. The Citizens Banking Company is studying the number of times the ATM located
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443736678118.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215758-00068-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2015-40
| 10,124 | 34 |
http://michhaz.home.xs4all.nl/reviews/AAA_1140.html
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math
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|Title||An Introduction to Operator Polynomials|
|Year of publication||1989|
|Reviewed by||Michal Zajac|
This book is an introduction to the modern theory of polynomials (in complex variable) whose coefficients are bounded linear operators in a Banach space. A part of exposition is parallel to the finite-dimensional case presented in the book I. Gohberg, P. Lancaster, L. Rodman: Matrix Polynomials, Academic Press, New York 1982. The main topics treated in the book are linearizations and factorizations of a polynomial into the product of polynomials of lower degrees. The nice correspondence between the factorizations of an operator polynomial and the invariant subspaces of its linearization is treated as well.
The book consists of 10 chapters: Linearizations, Representations and divisors of monic polynomials, Vandermonde operators and common multiples, Stable factorizations of monic polynomials, Self-adjoint operator polynomials, Spectral triples and divisibility of non-monic polynomials, Polynomials with given spectral pairs and exactly controllable systems, Common divisors and common multiples, Resultant and Bezoutian operators, Wiener-Hopf factorization.
The book is accessible for graduate students after a basic course in operator theory. To understand the exposition the background in the following topics is needed: Fredholm operators, compact operators in Banach spaces, spectral theorem for bounded self-adjoint operators, the closed graph theorem and its applications, basics in Banach algebras.
The author is one of the best expert in the field. The book is probably as much self-contained as it can be. Besides a clear exposition of the theory of operator polynomials it contains also applications in differential equations, interpolation and in system theory. There are many exercises in the book, too. This makes the text suitable for a graduate course. There is a sufficiently detailed table of contents in the book, on the other hand the index contains only a few notions.
Surely every good mathematical library should have this book. It is also interesting for control and system engineers. Probably many specialists in operator theory and differential equations should buy it for their personal library.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989012.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20210509183309-20210509213309-00624.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-21
| 2,238 | 8 |
https://www.math-edu-guide.com/CLASS-4-Arithmetic-Geometry-Circle.html
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math
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A circle is a closed two-dimensional geometric shape consisting of all the points that are equidistant from a fixed point called the center. The distance between the center and any point on the circle is called the radius. The circumference of a circle is the distance around the edge of the circle, and it is equal to 2π times the radius. Circles have many important properties, including symmetry and the fact that any diameter (a line segment passing through the center) divides the circle into two equal halves.
A circle is a geometrical shape consisting of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point called the center of the circle. A circle is a closed figure and has no corners or edges. The distance from the center to any point on the circle is called the radius of the circle. The distance across the circle passing through the center is called the diameter. The circumference of a circle is the distance around the circle, which is equal to 2π times the radius, where π (pi) is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 3.14159. Circles have many applications in mathematics, science, and engineering, and are commonly used to represent various things, such as the orbits of planets or the shape of wheels.
A circle is
a simple closed curve with a center.
~ Center is the fixed point of the circle in the given plane from which every point on the curve is equidistant.
~ The length of the boundary of a circle is known as its circumference.
~ The distance between the center and any point on the circle is called the radius of the circle.
~ All the radii of the same circle are equal in length.
~ The straight line which passes through the center of the circle with its end points lying on its circumference is known as the diameter.
~ All the diameters of the same circle are equal in length.
~ Half of the circle is called semi-circle.
~ Any line segment joining two points on the circle is called a chord. Diameter is the longest chord of the circle.
~ RELATION BETWEEN DIAMETER AND RADIUS ~
Diameter = 2 x Radius
Radius = --------------
Example.1) If the diameter of a circle is 30 cm then find the value of radius
Ans.) The diameter of circle is 30 cm given.
As per the formulae radius = diameter/2
so, Radius = 30/2 = 15 cm
So, the radius of the circle is 15 cm (Ans.)
Example.2) If the radius of a circle is 10 cm, then find the diameter of the circle.
Ans.) The radius of the circle 10 cm is given.
as per the formulae diameter = radius X 2
so, diameter = 10 X 2 = 20 cm
So, the diameter of the said circle is 20 cm (Ans.)
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100327.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202042052-20231202072052-00878.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
| 2,568 | 25 |
https://math.answers.com/Q/Integration_of_root_x
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math
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It has to be a stupid answer anyway
integration of (sinx)^1/2 is not possible.so integration of root sinx is impossible
x integration 0 x integration x siny/ydydx
Integration for inverse tangent of square x
The integral of cot (x) dx is ln (absolute value (sin (x))) + C. Without using the absolute value, you can use the square root of the square, i.e. ln (square root (sin2x)) + C
for solving this ..the first thing to do is substitute tanx=t^2 then x=tan inverse t^2 then solve the integral..
It is cosh(x) + c where c is a constant of integration.
Assuming integration is with respect to a variable, x, the answer is 34x + c where c is the constant of integration.
Integration by Parts is a special method of integration that is often useful when two functions.
The square root of the fifth root of x is the tenth root of x.
The integral of sqrt(tan(x)) is rather complex and is hard to show with the formatting allowed on Answers.com. See the related links for a representation of the answer.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104672585.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220706121103-20220706151103-00541.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2022-27
| 997 | 11 |
https://www.freethesaurus.com/capitate+bones
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math
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As an example, a coronal section of the capitate bone as segmented from the two original volumes is shown in Figure 6.
In Figure 7, an example of 3D visualization of the three different rotation results as obtained for the capitate bone is shown.
Caption: Figure 6: (a) A sample coronal slice of the capitate bone volume segmented from the first acquisition [b.sub.I](x, y, z); (b) a sample coronal slice of the capitate bone volume from the follow-up acquisition [b.sub.II](x, y, z).
Caption: Figure 7: 3D surface visualization of the registered capitate bone (initial volume in green, follow-up volume in blue): from (a) first rotation in the coronal plane, (b) second rotation in the axial plane, and (c) third rotation in the sagittal plane.
Caption: Figure 8: Corresponding sample slices from the first initial MRI sequence (a) and the follow-up sequence (b) after registration of the capitate bone.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056578.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20210918214805-20210919004805-00398.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-39
| 904 | 5 |
https://www.kembrel.com/various-papers-tips/how-does-a-refraction-work-physics/
|
math
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How does a refraction work physics?
Light refracts whenever it travels at an angle into a substance with a different refractive index (optical density). This change of direction is caused by a change in speed. For example, when light travels from air into water, it slows down, causing it to continue to travel at a different angle or direction.
Why is refraction important?
Refraction is an important characteristic of lenses, allowing them to focus a beam of light onto a single point, and is also responsible for a variety of familiar phenomena, such as the apparent distortion of objects partially submerged in water.
Why does refraction happen?
Why does refraction happen? Refraction happens because the speed of the wave changes. Light travels slower (compared to its speed in air) in a more dense material like glass. The wavelength will also decrease in order to keep the frequency constant.
At what age do kids learn about refraction?
However, 5-7 year-old kids can understand the science behind this. These children will know light and can relate to refraction.
What are the three rules of refraction?
Laws of refraction state that: The incident ray refracted ray, and the normal to the interface of two media at the point of incidence all lie on the same plane. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant. This is also known as Snell’s law of refraction.
What are the two laws of refraction?
1. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane. 2. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence i to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant for the pair of given media.
What is the first law of refraction?
The first law of refraction states that the incident and refracted rays are in the same plane as the normal. The normal line is to the surface of the mirror which makes a 90 degree angle to the mirror.
What are 3 effects of refraction?
Effects of Refraction of Light
- Pencil partly immersed in water appears to be bent.
- When a glass is placed over piece of paper, writing appears higher.
- Stars appear to twinkle at night. Optical Illusion like Mirage is due refraction of light. Like the road appears wet during hot days.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100146.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129204528-20231129234528-00875.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
| 2,267 | 19 |
https://www.coursehero.com/sitemap/schools/2505-University-of-Washington/courses/4740426-MATHCUSP-123/
|
math
|
Not too easy. Not too difficult.
My professor took a long time to explain topics my classmates could explain to me in ten minutes, however, I did learn many things that I did not cover in my previous precalculus class. If anything, this class felt easier than my class in high-school, which put my mind at ease as we were going through difficult topics. My professor also made us more aware of specific formulas and topics that would be carried on into the next class which was extremely helpful.
My main highlight was in the third unit on shapes, more specifically triangles and circles as well as how trig identities fit. While I was used to learning these concepts in pieces, seeing how they come together to solve a math problem was almost enlightening, and I had an easy time understanding the material. That was also my first A on a math exam which I was immensely proud of considering my limited math skills.
Hours per week:
Advice for students:
If you feel like the topics are being over-complicated, do not be afraid to ask your friends. My classmates and I got together a few times before tests to cover certain concepts my professor could not explain easily, so working together with your peers will be a great way to understand the information.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806676.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122213945-20171122233945-00219.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-47
| 1,256 | 6 |
http://www.y8friv.org/games/kids-math-challenge
|
math
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Kids Math Challenge is fun and challenging game suitable for all ages If you think that you are good at math than try this game and make a high score. This time we only use plus and minus so what are you waiting for? Start playing:). Have fun! Here you can play Kids Math Challenge game and observe its walkthrough at no cost in y8friv.org. Kids Math Challenge is an wonderful game from our list of Y8 Friv games.🎮 Instructions
Use Left Mouse button to Play📂 Categories
puzzle, brain, arcade, fun, numbers, school, mathematical, mathematics, mathematic, quickmath, math..
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710698.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20221129132340-20221129162340-00023.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2022-49
| 577 | 3 |
http://www.onsitegroup.dk/quz0lkr/aircraft-structures-for-engineering-students-6th-edition-solutions-229430
|
math
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v Since the origin of the axes is ®xed in space it follows that when x y 0, 2θ = 159° 10 Q1 (–60,5) th g megson aircraft structures for engineering students aircraft structures for engineering students 6th edition pdf free download aircraft structures for engineering students 5th edition solution manual pdf aircraft structures pdfintroduction to aircraft structural analysis third edition pdf aircraft structures for engineering students 6th edition solution manual pdf aircraft structures for engineering students 4th edition solutions pdf aircraft structures for engineering students 6th edition solutions pdf, Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students, 3rd Edition: Solutions Manual by T.H.G. S.1.3(a) The stress system applied to the plate is shown in Fig. x The point P therefore moves at an angle to the x axis given by tanÿ1 8:25 xy = 45N/mm. ÿ x Solutions to Chapter 10 Problems ± Stress analysis of aircraft components 121 Thus, from Eq. or ®nal length L is given by (1.12) 3p Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9:28 Page1 Aircraft Structures for engineering students Fourth Edition Solutions Manual T. H. G. Megson ÿd ÿ10y3 6d 2 y dy 0 Thus the stress function satis®es the boundary conditions for axial load in the x –10 Fig. # T.H.G. ; d Megson. Solutions to Chapter 1 Problems ± Basic elasticity 0 50AB cos ÿ 35BC sin 40AB sin 40BC cos Dividing through Eq. 1:29 8:14 q px 3 Megson. II ÿ20:2 N=mm2 ÿ @x4 @4 ii Hence, from Eqs (1.27) L0 Thus for the isotropic sheet, Eqs (1.47) become @x2 E @y2 75 ÿ 0 Hence Published in 1999 by Arnold, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH, UK. ; from Eq. xy 2 y @y2 From Eqs (1.6) and assuming body forces X Y 0 2 Substituting for B from Eq. @x4 @4 2 q The resultant shear force on the plane x 0 is given by Unlike static PDF Aircraft Structures For Engineering Students 6th Edition solution manuals or printed answer keys, our experts show you how to solve each problem step-by-step. @f1 y Bd whence "y y ÿ x T 2θ = 23° td 3 (1.15) ( Instructor's Solutions Manual ) Applied Fluid Mechanics (6th Ed., Mott), © 2020 Created by AircraftOwner Online. (1.45), G E=2 1 E=2:5 and Eq. @y2 Substituting in Eq. τ N/mm2 2 2 @y2 2 @x2 @y2 and since x y Er2 T 0 ÿ3By2 ÿ C All rights reserved. closed, thin-walled beams Megson. @y2 ii y @2 Part I Elasticity Our solutions are written by Chegg experts so you can be assured of the highest quality! ÿ5l 2 y2 ÿ d 2 ÿ 5y4 6y2 d 2 ÿ d 4 3pxy 2 ÿ458 or 1358 2 x f1 y 4d 3 Thus, the stress function satis®es the boundary conditions for load in the y direction. then ÿ3:5x 10y Eq. 752 4 752 ÿ Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, solution manual, Megson.pdf - Aircraft Structures for engineering students Solutions Manual T H G Megson A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON \u000f, 11 out of 11 people found this document helpful. Megson. S.1.4(h) S.1.5 Solutions to Chapter 1 Problems S.1.1 The principal stresses are given directly by Eqs (1.11) and (1.12) in which σ . ÿ 2 @x S.1.4(f ) I (iv) q q Solutions Manual . All rights reserved. Also, from the last of Eqs (1.47) and Eq. q @2 0 @[email protected] @x 3:5p 1 ÿ 2 1 1 x or, since G E=2 1 (see Section 1.15) The direct strains are expressed in terms of the stresses using Eqs (1.42), i.e. All rights reserved. " L ÿ L0 L0 1 T ÿ L0 E viii uÿ @x2 All rights reserved. v Solutions to Chapter 2 Problems The resultant shear force at any section of the beam is ÿP. standard texts on stress analysis, strength of materials etc. 2 ÿd ÿ Thus, using the method described in Section 1.6 and the q 2 3 @x @y Eqs (vii) and (viii) now become I 1:29 N=mm2 @y G E so that v 2:75p 10 N/mm2 10 N/mm2 (σy ) Fig. ÿ 2 x Ay B x y 0 ÿ y z II (1.12) from 0; Megson. and –60 –50 2θ = 37° C From Eq. # T.H.G. I II 15 N=mm2 and that the x and y planes are principal planes. @x2 give the state of stress shown in Fig. @x2 4p (v) 50 352 4 402 i.e. 30 @2 2, σ. y = τ0 (or vice versa) and . S.2.1 From Eqs (1.42) in which z 0 @x vii Dierentiating Eq. (iv) for "x , "y and xy from Eqs (i), (ii) and (iii) respectively gives (v) gives @y Hence Therefore, from Eq. E v 8:25p 75 N=mm2 0 @2 Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students, 3rd Edition: Solutions Manual by T.H.G. Similarly, suppose 3pxy on the plane x l. S.2.4 d=2 . 1 ÿ 2 Thus Also at any section x where y ÿd 23 S.2.2 k x2 y2 ÿ a2 i @2 @2 A # T.H.G. 2 1 @[email protected] σ Q2 (σy , –τxy ) Course Hero, Inc. ÿ 2 Solutions to Chapter 1 Problems S.1.2 Megson. corresponds to I while the second value corresponds to II . P.2.3 and taking moments about the plane x l, 4 ÿ Megson. The shear stress distribution given by Eq. (viii), x ÿd pl x = 80N/mm. 2:75p 1 3 @x2 2 d=2 y e 2G"y triangular element of unit thickness shown in Fig. Q2 (30,–5) 40 50 σ N/mm2 60 –10 Fig. Published in 1999 by Arnold, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH, UK. I @ 2 xy Published in 1999 by Arnold, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH, UK.
Royal Rat Authority Toxic, Lundberg Basmati Rice Arsenic, Power System Notes Pdf, Ikea Pax Drawers Instructions, Epiphone Pr-150 Vs Strings, Astoria Wine Price, Ev Etx-35p Specs, Entry Level Digital Marketing Resume, Harbor Freight Wet Stone Grinder, Best Fender Stratocaster For The Money,
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991904.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20210511060441-20210511090441-00381.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-21
| 5,237 | 2 |
https://laurenluckyahs.webs.com/
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math
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Office Hours: Mondays and Wednesdays 12-12:30
Email: [email protected]
Please Take this Survey
DP Update: Your Math 3 page needs to have at least one unit reflection (from your portfolio). You may include any work or POW's from the year to show off new skills you acquired this year.
Unit 3: Small World Isn't It?
Our current unit in Math 3 asks, ' If population growth continues according to its current pattern, how long will it be until people are squashed up against each other?' To answer this question, students begin with a variety of problems concerning rates of growth, focusing on the idea of an average rate of change. The problem is that population growth is not linear, so we will need to find rates of change of nonlinear functions which leads us to the idea of derivatives. Ultimately, students return to the original population problem and try to fit an exponential function to the data given on Day 1.
Unit 2 Meadows or Malls
The central problem of this unit concerns a decision a city must make about land use. This problem can be expressed using a system of linear equations and inequalities. To solve this complex problem students will practice linear programming and solving systems of equations in more than 2 variables. Along the way students learn graphing equations in 3 variables, solve linear equations in 3 variables and study the possible intersection of planes in space. Students are also introduced to Matrix operations and the use of matrices to solve multi variable systems of equations. Ultimately using the graphing calculator to manipulate matrices will lead to a solution to the unit problem.
Unit 1 Orchard Hideout
Have you ever stared into an orchard as you passed it on the road? From one perspective, you see that the trees are planted in straight rows. But as you move to a different spot, all you see is a mass of trees.
The main characters of this unit, Madie and Clyde, have planted an orchard. They want to know how long it will take before they can no longer see from the center of the orchard to the outside world.
You begin this unit with a look at their overall problem, and then you’ll examine some simpler cases.
The topics covered in this unit include:
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500273.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205161658-20230205191658-00094.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-06
| 2,207 | 13 |
https://softwaregram.com/2021/07/08/generated-post-2/
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math
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Mathematicians often have a hard time defining what math is. Some would say it is an abstract form of art or science. While both science and art can be used to explain different concepts, math can be used to explain concepts in more detail, thus making them much easier to understand. In this article, we’ll try to define math as we know it, and how it relates to other fields.
Math is the study of numbers, objects, and relationships between them. Mathematicians classify numbers, objects, and relationships by classifying them according to their geometric properties. For instance, they could classify numbers into groups according to their length, breadth, prime number, shape, and area. They would then group all of the numbers into categories and then further divide them into sub-groups. The most complex groupings of objects and relationships could be called the theory of cubes.
Discrete mathematics deals with sets of objects, their properties, and their relationship. For example, the set of all natural numbers could be considered a discrete math theory. This group can be further classified into smaller groups, like those of the element. Sets can also be infinite, infinitesimally large sets, or sub-sets of larger sets. One example of a finite set of elements is the arithmetic set, which contains all the numbers up to n. On the other hand, an infinitesimal group could be thought of as being composed of infinitely small elements.
In addition to the individual ideas above, mathematicians also use their math to describe the various different concepts in other fields as well. For instance, they can break down the concepts of engineering into its various branches, such as control or analysis, mechanics or manufacturing, and aerospace science. A similar method is used to describe the branches of mathematics that fall under science. These branches include astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology. In computer science, mathematicians use the theory of algorithms to solve problems. The same process is used to analyze the game of chess, which has a variety of different sub-branches.
Another application of math in the natural sciences is its role in the study of physical phenomena. Experiments in science often test mathematically the expected results of various actions. Another common use of math in physical science is its role in accounting, since it is the only field that relies on pure mathematical reasoning.
Math has had a major impact on how fields of study are conducted. For instance, those in chemistry need to prove their theories by using the appropriate math methods. Those in physics need to model natural phenomena using mathematical formulas. Those studying biology have to prove their theories by developing a proper mathematical structure for life on earth. Astrophysicists use math to explore the universe using telescopes. In any given field of study, the use of math is inevitable.
Two fields of study that are commonly found to use math in their research are astronomy and genetics. Astronomy uses complex mathematics, such as elliptical orbit calculations, parallax calculations, and parallax diagrams. Genetics has a large part in it as well. It deals with the structure and organization of living organisms. A major part of this is done by geneticists through mathematical models of gene functions and systems.
These are the major branches of biology that use mathematical models and abstract thought in their everyday work. This is what makes math so diverse in the world. Different branches of science deal with different issues, and they use different tools to get there. An outline of some of these branches might make your research easier to do, especially if you plan on studying them in the future.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00585.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
| 3,758 | 8 |
https://bkms.kms.or.kr/journal/view.html?doi=10.4134/BKMS.b170233
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math
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Le Thi Ngoc Giau, Phan Thanh Toan Ton Duc Thang University, Ton Duc Thang University
Abstract : Let $R$ be an integral domain. We prove that the power series ring $R[\![X]\!]$ is a Krull domain if and only if $R[\![X]\!]$ is a generalized Krull domain and $t$-$\dim R \leq 1$, which improves a well-known result of Paran and Temkin. As a consequence we show that one of the following statements holds: (1) the concepts ``Krull domain" and ``generalized Krull domain" are the same in power series rings, (2) there exists a non-$t$-SFT domain $R$ with $t$-$\dim R > 1$ such that $t$-$\dim R[\![X]\!] =1$.
Keywords : generalized Krull domain, Krull domain, power series ring
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038464146.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20210418013444-20210418043444-00344.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-17
| 671 | 3 |
https://prosmartprinting.com/letterheads---envelopes.html
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math
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All letterheads and envelopes feature exceptional image quality and a complete selection of paper stocks. Match your envelope to your letterhead or choose from a full range of business envelopes. From the basic to the super premium, we offer affordable printing solutions for any budget.
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CC-MAIN-2021-04
| 1,764 | 31 |
https://www.hive.co.uk/Product/Recent-Progress-in-Homotopy-Theory--Proceedings-of-a-Conf/2399927
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math
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Recent Progress in Homotopy Theory : Proceedings of a Conference on Recent Progress in Homotopy Theory, March 17-27, 2000, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD Paperback / softback
Part of the Contemporary Mathematics series
This volume presents the proceedings from the month-long program held at Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, MD) on homotopy theory, sponsored by the Japan-U.S.
Mathematics Institute (JAMI). The book centers on the following: classical and nonclassical theory of $H$-spaces, compact groups, and finite groups, classical and chromatic homotopy theory and localization, classical and topological Hochschild cohomology, elliptic cohomology and its relation to Moonshine and topological modular forms, and motivic cohomology and Chow rings.
It surveys the current state of research in homotopy theory and suggests a framework for future developments.
The book begins with two historical accounts, of the work of Professors Peter Landweber and Stewart Priddy, in honor of their sixtieth birthdays.
- Format: Paperback / softback
- Pages: 408 pages
- Publisher: American Mathematical Society
- Publication Date: 15/03/2002
- Category: Algebraic topology
- ISBN: 9780821828014
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655878639.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20200702080623-20200702110623-00165.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-29
| 1,198 | 12 |
https://studysoup.com/tsg/369764/college-algebra-7-edition-chapter-2-problem-2-5-67
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math
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Let be a function such that f(-1) = 3 and f(2) = -4. Give the coordinates of two points on the graph of a. y = f(-x) b. y = -f(x)
Step 1 of 3
L16 - 8 An Example from Economics The total cost of producing x units of a product is called the cost function C(x). Average rate of change of cost as the number of items produced increases from x 1o x 2 Marginal Cost ex. Suppose the cost function for a certain product is given by C(x)=1 00+2 5 x − 0.1x . 1) Find the total cost of producing 100 items. 2) Estimate the marginal cost at the production level of 100 items.
Textbook: College Algebra
Author: Richard N. Aufmann, Vernon C. Barker, Richard D. Nation
The answer to “Let be a function such that f(-1) = 3 and f(2) = -4. Give the coordinates of two points on the graph of a. y = f(-x) b. y = -f(x)” is broken down into a number of easy to follow steps, and 31 words. The full step-by-step solution to problem: 2.5.67 from chapter: 2 was answered by , our top Math solution expert on 01/02/18, 08:47PM. Since the solution to 2.5.67 from 2 chapter was answered, more than 233 students have viewed the full step-by-step answer. This full solution covers the following key subjects: . This expansive textbook survival guide covers 9 chapters, and 4425 solutions. This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: College Algebra, edition: 7. College Algebra was written by and is associated to the ISBN: 9781439048610.
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CC-MAIN-2021-10
| 1,430 | 6 |
https://multivariatequantitative.statisticshomework.com/
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math
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What Is the Best Way to Do Multivariate Quantitative Analysis?
Because Multivariate Quantitative Analysis (MQA) has been designed as a soft science, which makes it easier to obtain individual credits from students, it is quite common for administrators to ask “What’s the best way to do Multivariate QTA?” Many questions are often asked and it would be best to familiarize yourself with the three major types of analysis, including with example questions, if you want to understand how to do this type of analysis.
For instance, if you have asked, “What is the best way to do DMAAP (Dimensional Analysis of Area)?,” then you will be able to look at the basic structure of the Area Rule (As of Two Points). In the two dimensional analysis, if a measurement is taken from one point on the area of a rectangle, and a second measurement is taken from a different point on the same rectangle, then the first measurement is used to determine the second measurement.
Area rule is useful in cases when there are relationships between two variables. A good example of SPSS Assignment Online would be when one variable is used to determine the other variable, and one variable is used to determine the other variable. If the two variables are unrelated, then the As of Two Points Multivariate QTA method might not be the best method to use, since using the more accurate As of One Point Method would produce the same results as the Area Rule method.
Another example of the best way to do Multivariate QTA is when all of the measurements are measured from the same object or area. Some other examples include: Observed measure and mean; Observations and variance; Observed and variance, with covariance matrices, or Observed and mean; Observations and covariance, and where the object is not known. The method that gives the best answer for each category is usually determined by the problem and what type of measurements you are looking for.
Multivariate QTA is very complicated, and you should be prepared to do a lot of research and practice in order to fully understand the methods and solve the problems. Learning the methods of multivariate quantitative analysis is also much different than learning the methods of discrete mathematics, because Multivariate Quantitative Analysis is much more involved.
For example, the As of Two Points method only works if there are only two variables in the equation, so it is not possible to use a simple formula to solve for the As of Two Points. If there are multiple variables, then they can be treated differently. When there are multiple variables, there is more flexibility in the type of analysis that can be done, including different methods for the As of Two Points methods.
Therefore, if you ask “What is the best way to do DMAAP (Dimensional Analysis of Area) with multiple variables?” you will need to know how to answer this question. There are many factors that can make this type of analysis difficult.
First, if you are working with an unknown area, then you are looking for information about the area that is between two points. If the area between two points is unknown, then the area rule will be unable to give an answer. The As of Two Points methods will also be unable to work because the area between two points is not known.
The next step in the process is a factor analysis, which will tell you the factors that are included in the unknown area. The As of Two Points methods can’t be used because this method relies on the fact that if the two measurements on different sides of the object or rectangle are correlated, then they must be caused by the same factor. This is called the characteristic factor, and it is also known as a first order relationship.
If the measurements are not correlated with each other, then they must be caused by the same factor, and this is also known as a second order relationship. Multivariate Quantitative Analysis can also be done using a covariance matrix, which is also known as a scale-invariant matrix. It is important to note that this method is not appropriate for finding the As of Two Points.
If you are working with an unknown area, and the factor that makes up the area between two points is unknown, then a covariance matrix is the method to use to find the As of Two Points. The As of Two Points methods is now suitable for the other two methods, which involve determining the characteristics of the area from measurements, such as the As of One-Point method.
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CC-MAIN-2021-21
| 4,479 | 12 |
https://hintpapers.com/do-a-literature-review-of-the-4-papers-i-uploaded-summarise-a-set-of-papers-in/
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math
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Place your order now for a similar assignment and have exceptional work written by our team of experts, At affordable rates
Do a literature review of the 4 papers I uploaded. Summarise a set of papers in the field of environmental economics. In addition, you must link these papers under some common theme. The literature review will identify the contribution of each paper to the field. You may include papers not in the list below, but you must use at least three of the papers listed below in your chosen topic.
Your paper must be in the following format:
A well developed introduction discussing, in a general way, why you are reviewing the papers you have chosen.
Main body of the paper which summarizes the four papers.
A good conclusion which reiterates the key contribution of each paper, how they may link together, what are their differences, and what can be taken away from your review of all four papers.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499831.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130232547-20230131022547-00489.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-06
| 916 | 6 |
https://seifert-skinner.com/qa/question-does-temperature-depend-on-pressure.html
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math
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- Why is temperature directly proportional to pressure?
- Which state of matter has the lowest temperature?
- Why does pressure increase when temperature decreases?
- Does temperature affect pressure matter?
- Does pressure decrease temperature?
- Does pressure increase as temperature increases?
- What is effect of change of pressure?
- What is the relationship between temperature and air pressure?
- How does temperature affect pressure?
- Are pressure and temperature directly related?
- What happens to pressure if temperature decreases?
- Does water volume change with temperature?
- Is temperature and pressure inversely proportional?
- Does temperature affect water pressure?
- What is the effect of temperature on change of state of matter?
- Why does temperature increase when pressure increases?
- How do you convert pressure to temperature?
Why is temperature directly proportional to pressure?
Gay Lussac’s Law – states that the pressure of a given amount of gas held at constant volume is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature.
If you heat a gas you give the molecules more energy so they move faster.
This means more impacts on the walls of the container and an increase in the pressure..
Which state of matter has the lowest temperature?
SolidSolid matter exists at the lowest temperature of the four states of matter.
Why does pressure increase when temperature decreases?
When this happens, the pressure (P) of the gas increases if the number of moles (n) of gas remains constant. If you keep the pressure constant, reducing the temperature (T) also causes the gas to compress.
Does temperature affect pressure matter?
Physical conditions like temperature and pressure affect state of matter. … When thermal energy is added to a substance, its temperature increases, which can change its state from solid to liquid (melting), liquid to gas (vaporization), or solid to gas (sublimation).
Does pressure decrease temperature?
For example, when the pressure increases then the temperature also increases. When the pressure decreases, then the temperature decreases. … Because there is less mass in the can with a constant volume, the pressure will decrease. This pressure decrease in the can results in a temperature decrease.
Does pressure increase as temperature increases?
As the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy increases as does the velocity of the gas particles hitting the walls of the container. The force exerted by the particles per unit of area on the container is the pressure, so as the temperature increases the pressure must also increase.
What is effect of change of pressure?
The temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting point. … Effect of change of pressure on matter: By applying pressure we can bring the particles of matter closer and closer.
What is the relationship between temperature and air pressure?
The relationship between the two is that air temperature changes the air pressure. For example, as the air warms up the molecules in the air become more active and they use up more individual space even though there is the same number of molecules. This causes an increase in the air pressure.
How does temperature affect pressure?
The temperature of the gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules. Faster moving particles will collide with the container walls more frequently and with greater force. This causes the force on the walls of the container to increase and so the pressure increases.
Are pressure and temperature directly related?
The pressure of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, provided that the volume does not change (Amontons’s law). The volume of a given gas sample is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure (Charles’s law).
What happens to pressure if temperature decreases?
Decreasing Pressure If temperature is held constant, the equation is reduced to Boyle’s law. Therefore, if you decrease the pressure of a fixed amount of gas, its volume will increase. … Gay-Lussac’s law states that at constant volume, the pressure and temperature of a gas are directly proportional.
Does water volume change with temperature?
An increase in temperature caused the water molecules to gain energy and move more rapidly, which resulted in water molecules that are farther apart and an increase in water volume. … When water is heated, it expands, or increases in volume. When water increases in volume, it becomes less dense.
Is temperature and pressure inversely proportional?
For a fixed mass of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. Or Boyle’s law is a gas law, stating that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship. If volume increases, then pressure decreases and vice versa, when the temperature is held constant.
Does temperature affect water pressure?
A 5% increase in absolute temperature will resultin a 5% increase in the absolute pressure. … Resultant pressure changes will vary. A useful thumb rule for water is that pressure in a water-solid system will increase about 100 psi for every 1 F increase in temperature.
What is the effect of temperature on change of state of matter?
As temperatures increase, additional heat energy is applied to the constituent parts of a solid, which causes additional molecular motion. Molecules begin to push against one another and the overall volume of a substance increases. At this point, the matter has entered the liquid state.
Why does temperature increase when pressure increases?
Pressure is created by the number of collisions that occur between the molecules and the surface of container. If the temperature in the container is increased this will cause the molecules to move faster. As molecules move faster the number of collisions that will occur will increase.
How do you convert pressure to temperature?
If, for instance, the gas contains 2 moles of molecules: 20 / 2 = 10. Divide the result by the gas constant, which is 0.08206 L atm/mol K: 10 / 0.08206 = 121.86. This is the gas’s temperature, in Kelvin. Subtract 273.15 to convert the temperature to degrees Celsius: 121.86 – 273.15 = -151.29.
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CC-MAIN-2020-40
| 6,304 | 53 |
http://www.reckstar.ca/download/new-scientist-august-20-2005
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math
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Read or Download New Scientist (August 20, 2005) PDF
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Programming Data-Driven internet functions with ASP. web presents readers with an excellent figuring out of ASP. internet and the way to successfully combine databases with their websites. the major to creating details immediately to be had on the net is integrating the website and the database to paintings as one piece.
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Additional info for New Scientist (August 20, 2005)
There is an integer k such that c = kd. Since d is a sum of multiples of a and b, we may write am + bn = d. Multiplying this equation by k, we get a(mk) + b(nk) = dk = c so that x = mk and y = nk is a solution. For the “only if” part, suppose x0 and y0 is a solution of the equation. Then ax0 + by0 = c. Since d | a and d | b, then d | c. 2 (Division Theorem). 6) where a is called the dividend, q the quotient, and r the remainder. If b a, then r satisfies the stronger inequalities 0 < r < a. 18 1.
Hence, r = r1 , and also q = q1 . 1. Let a and b be integers with a = 0. We say a divides b, denoted by a | b, if there exists an integer c such that b = ac. When a divides b, we say that a is a divisor (or factor) of b, and b is a multiple of a. If a does not divide b, we write a b. If a | b and 0 < a < b, then a is called a proper divisor of b. The largest divisor d such that d | a and d | b is called the greatest common divisor (gcd) of a and b. The greatest common divisor of a and b is denoted by gcd(a, b).
The algebraic formula for computing P3 (x3 , y3 ) = P1 (x1 , y1 ) + P2 (x2 , y2 ) on E is as follows: (x3 , y3 ) = (λ2 − x1 − x2 , λ(x1 − x3 ) − y1 ), where 3x21 + a if P1 = P2 2y1 λ= y − y1 2 otherwise. x2 − x1 The idea for fast computing Q = kP over an elliptic curve E is similar to that of computing y = xk over N. For example, to compute Q = 105P , we first let k = 105 = (1101001)2 and then perform the operations as follows starting from e6 to e0 : 1: 1: 0: 1: 0: 0: 1: Q ← P + 2Q Q ← P + 2Q Q ← 2Q Q ← P + 2Q Q ← 2Q Q ← 2Q Q ← P + 2Q ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ Q←P ⇒ c ← P + 2P ⇒ Q ← 2(P + 2P ) ⇒ Q ← P + 2(2(P + 2P )) ⇒ Q ← 2(P + 2(2(P + 2P ))) ⇒ Q ← 2(2(P + 2(2(P + 2P )))) ⇒ Q ← P + 2(2(2(P + 2(2(P + 2P ))))) ⇒ Q=P Q = 3P Q = 6P Q = 13P Q = 26P Q = 52P Q = 105P .
New Scientist (August 20, 2005)
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| 3,962 | 16 |
http://www.wyzant.com/Tutors/CA/Rohnert-Park/7682493/?g=3FI
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math
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My name is Jacob and I am one of the few out there who enjoys mathematics of any kind. I have also played in the school concert band for many years and now I am playing in an Orchestra. I played tennis on the high school team for 4 years. Because I am a very logical person math comes naturally to me as well as music.
Right now I am going to Sonoma State University working on my BA in Mathematics, hoping to one day become a high school teacher. I have tutored some of my friends and I have found to really enjoy it while getting the message across clearly. I like to tutor by teaching the meaning of the equation, not just, "Here's how to do it so do it." In other words, I will show the student not only what to do, but why and how to do it. I'm here to prove that math is not a magical mystery, and to show that there is a reasonable explanation behind all math procedures. This in turn will broaden the understanding of the student.
I look forward to assisting in the growth of anyone I can. I can teach ping-pong, tennis, trumpet, baritone, trombone, and most importantly Mathematics of any kind.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1404776426486.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20140707234026-00027-ip-10-180-212-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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https://www.projecteuclid.org/euclid.aos/1176346153
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math
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The Annals of Statistics
- Ann. Statist.
- Volume 11, Number 2 (1983), 467-477.
The Min-Max Algorithm and Isotonic Regression
There is growing interest in statistical inference under order restrictions. A major demand in this subject is to have a fast, direct method to solve the least squares problem of partially ordered isotonic regression. The Min-Max algorithm is such a method in which the user searches for the global minimum and the local maximum successively. A comparison of algorithms for partially ordered isotonic regression is included. As an application, using this efficient algorithm, it is feasible to approximate critical values of isotonic tests by simulation.
Ann. Statist., Volume 11, Number 2 (1983), 467-477.
First available in Project Euclid: 12 April 2007
Permanent link to this document
Digital Object Identifier
Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet)
Zentralblatt MATH identifier
Lee, Chu-In Charles. The Min-Max Algorithm and Isotonic Regression. Ann. Statist. 11 (1983), no. 2, 467--477. doi:10.1214/aos/1176346153. https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aos/1176346153
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https://scienceoxygen.com/what-is-vf-formula/
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math
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Question. The formula for average acceleration is a = (Vf – Vi)/t, where Vf is the final velocity, Vi is the initial velocity, and t is the time in seconds.
What is VF and VO in physics?
vo = original velocity. vf = final velocity. Page 2. Projectile Velocity and Acceleration. A projectile does not accelerate horizontally.
What does the symbol VF stand for?
The “VF” in VF tires stands for “very-high flexion.” While VF isn’t the catchiest of monikers, it aptly explains the nature of a VF tire, which is essentially that they’re very, very bendy in the sidewall.
How do you get a VF?
- Work out which of the displacement (S), initial velocity (U), acceleration (A) and time (T) you have to solve for final velocity (V).
- If you have U, A and T, use V = U + AT.
- If you have S, U and T, use V = 2(S/T) – U.
- If you have S, A and T, use V = (S/T) + (AT/2).
What is VF in acceleration?
vf = final velocity vi = initial velocity a = acceleration ∆x = displacement Use this formula when you don’t have ∆t. Dynamics. F = ma. F = force m = mass a = acceleration Newton’s Second Law.
What is final velocity and initial velocity?
Initial velocity describes how fast an object travels when gravity first applies force on the object. On the other hand, the final velocity is a vector quantity that measures the speed and direction of a moving body after it has reached its maximum acceleration.
What is the formula for final velocity?
Final velocity (v) squared equals initial velocity (u) squared plus two times acceleration (a) times displacement (s). Solving for v, final velocity (v) equals the square root of initial velocity (u) squared plus two times acceleration (a) times displacement (s).
How do you find VF from VI and acceleration?
What is VF VO?
v.o. -or- version originale -or- VOSTF -or- version originale sous-titrée en français = original version that has NOT been dubbed in French (in original film language may it be English, German, Hindi, etc.) but will have French subtitles. v.f. -or- version française = version has been dubbed in French.
Where is VF based?
VF moves its corporate headquarters from Wyomissing, Pennsylvania to Greensboro, North Carolina, home to the Wrangler® brand. VF acquires the Bulwark® brand.
What does VF stand for in electronics?
Vf is the term used for the LEDs forward voltage. It is the voltage required to activate the LED and produce the output specified, assuming that it is drawing the recommended current.
What is final speed in physics?
Final velocity (v) of an object equals initial velocity (u) of that object plus acceleration (a) of the object times the elapsed time (t) from u to v. Use standard gravity, a = 9.80665 m/s2, for equations involving the Earth’s gravitational force as the acceleration rate of an object.
What does V mean in physics?
voltage. also called electric potential difference. volt (V)
What are the 3 formulas in physics?
The three equations are, v = u + at. v² = u² + 2as. s = ut + ½at²
How do you find final velocity without time?
What is initial velocity in physics?
Initial Velocity is the velocity at time interval t = 0 and it is represented by u. It is the velocity at which the motion starts. They are four initial velocity formulas: (1) If time, acceleration and final velocity are provided, the initial velocity is articulated as. u = v – at.
Is final velocity zero?
If a projectile is tossed into the space, its initial velocity will be more than zero. If a car stops after applying the brake, the initial velocity will be more than zero, but the final velocity will be zero.
What is the formula of initial velocity?
Initial velocity is 3.5. The equation is s = ut + 1/2at^2, where s – distance, u – inititial velocity, and a – acceleration.
How do you find final velocity with acceleration and distance?
Solving for Final Velocity from Distance and Acceleration t = v − v 0 a . v 2 = v 0 2 + 2 a ( x − x 0 ) ( constant a ) .
Is velocity a speed?
Speed is the time rate at which an object is moving along a path, while velocity is the rate and direction of an object’s movement. Put another way, speed is a scalar value, while velocity is a vector.
What is the final velocity of a projectile?
Projectile (2): For the x direction, the velocity is constant, so the final velocity is equal to the initial velocity. For the y direction, there is no initial velocity.
How do you calculate Vo in physics?
What does XO mean in physics?
•Conventions: At an inital time, which is defined to be zero the initial position is x0, and the initial. velocity is v0. At a later time t the position is x and the velocity v. The acceleration a is constant. during all times.
How do you find the velocity?
Equation for Velocity To figure out velocity, you divide the distance by the time it takes to travel that same distance, then you add your direction to it. For example, if you traveled 50 miles in 1 hour going west, then your velocity would be 50 miles/1 hour westwards, or 50 mph westwards.
What do VF Corporation do?
VF Corporation (NYSE: VFC) outfits consumers around the world with its diverse portfolio of iconic outdoor and activity-based lifestyle and workwear brands, including Vans®, The North Face®, Timberland® and Dickies®.
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https://mycustomessayonline.com/2021/05/03/problem-solving-examples-with-solutions_uw/
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math
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Start with the goals, then formulate the problems. by looking assignment rights at each w problem solving examples with solutions on the mind map inductive vs deductive reasoning essay and extrapolating each one to lower levels of detail, possible solutions begin to emerge. solution: example: the way you define the problem will business proposal writing services determine how you attempt to solve it. a (northern arizona university) and raymond chang, this success format of references in research papers guide is written problem solving examples with solutions for how to write a perfect persuasive essay use with general chemistry. would always produce higher quality term paper format pdf results in comparison to solving the problem with a random approach problem solving strategy 8 (process of elimination) this strategy can be used when there is only one possible solution. the analytical tutorials may be used to further develop your skills in solving problems in human trafficking topics research paper calculus. in the given question, we have a problem solving examples with solutions word “different set of five cars”. problems include: number of ways of choosing 5 cars = 100 c 5. to me, sara model will be the appropriate to use for this problem solving to illustrate problem solving examples with solutions the effectiveness of problem solving with mind maps, we’ll use how to introduce a quote in a paper a simple example of a young entrepreneur who wants to start their online thesis writing own dog walking business. then, the application of the kinematic equations and the problem-solving strategy to free-fall motion was discussed and research papers on neural networks illustrated. define the problem.
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https://zims-en.kiwix.campusafrica.gos.orange.com/wikipedia_en_all_nopic/A/Fractal_dimension
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math
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In mathematics, more specifically in fractal geometry, a fractal dimension is a ratio providing a statistical index of complexity comparing how detail in a pattern (strictly speaking, a fractal pattern) changes with the scale at which it is measured. It has also been characterized as a measure of the space-filling capacity of a pattern that tells how a fractal scales differently from the space it is embedded in; a fractal dimension does not have to be an integer.
The essential idea of "fractured" dimensions has a long history in mathematics, but the term itself was brought to the fore by Benoit Mandelbrot based on his 1967 paper on self-similarity in which he discussed fractional dimensions. In that paper, Mandelbrot cited previous work by Lewis Fry Richardson describing the counter-intuitive notion that a coastline's measured length changes with the length of the measuring stick used (see Fig. 1). In terms of that notion, the fractal dimension of a coastline quantifies how the number of scaled measuring sticks required to measure the coastline changes with the scale applied to the stick. There are several formal mathematical definitions of fractal dimension that build on this basic concept of change in detail with change in scale.
Ultimately, the term fractal dimension became the phrase with which Mandelbrot himself became most comfortable with respect to encapsulating the meaning of the word fractal, a term he created. After several iterations over years, Mandelbrot settled on this use of the language: "...to use fractal without a pedantic definition, to use fractal dimension as a generic term applicable to all the variants."
One non-trivial example is the fractal dimension of a Koch snowflake. It has a topological dimension of 1, but it is by no means a rectifiable curve: the length of the curve between any two points on the Koch snowflake is infinite. No small piece of it is line-like, but rather it is composed of an infinite number of segments joined at different angles. The fractal dimension of a curve can be explained intuitively thinking of a fractal line as an object too detailed to be one-dimensional, but too simple to be two-dimensional. Therefore its dimension might best be described not by its usual topological dimension of 1 but by its fractal dimension, which is often a number between one and two; in the case of the Koch snowflake, it is about 1.262.
A fractal dimension is an index for characterizing fractal patterns or sets by quantifying their complexity as a ratio of the change in detail to the change in scale.:1 Several types of fractal dimension can be measured theoretically and empirically (see Fig. 2). Fractal dimensions are used to characterize a broad spectrum of objects ranging from the abstract to practical phenomena, including turbulence,:97–104 river networks,:246–247 urban growth, human physiology, medicine, and market trends. The essential idea of fractional or fractal dimensions has a long history in mathematics that can be traced back to the 1600s,:19 but the terms fractal and fractal dimension were coined by mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot in 1975.
Fractal dimensions were first applied as an index characterizing complicated geometric forms for which the details seemed more important than the gross picture. For sets describing ordinary geometric shapes, the theoretical fractal dimension equals the set's familiar Euclidean or topological dimension. Thus, it is 0 for sets describing points (0-dimensional sets); 1 for sets describing lines (1-dimensional sets having length only); 2 for sets describing surfaces (2-dimensional sets having length and width); and 3 for sets describing volumes (3-dimensional sets having length, width, and height). But this changes for fractal sets. If the theoretical fractal dimension of a set exceeds its topological dimension, the set is considered to have fractal geometry.
Unlike topological dimensions, the fractal index can take non-integer values, indicating that a set fills its space qualitatively and quantitatively differently from how an ordinary geometrical set does. For instance, a curve with a fractal dimension very near to 1, say 1.10, behaves quite like an ordinary line, but a curve with fractal dimension 1.9 winds convolutedly through space very nearly like a surface. Similarly, a surface with fractal dimension of 2.1 fills space very much like an ordinary surface, but one with a fractal dimension of 2.9 folds and flows to fill space rather nearly like a volume.:48 This general relationship can be seen in the two images of fractal curves in Fig.2 and Fig. 3 – the 32-segment contour in Fig. 2, convoluted and space filling, has a fractal dimension of 1.67, compared to the perceptibly less complex Koch curve in Fig. 3, which has a fractal dimension of 1.26.
The relationship of an increasing fractal dimension with space-filling might be taken to mean fractal dimensions measure density, but that is not so; the two are not strictly correlated. Instead, a fractal dimension measures complexity, a concept related to certain key features of fractals: self-similarity and detail or irregularity. These features are evident in the two examples of fractal curves. Both are curves with topological dimension of 1, so one might hope to be able to measure their length or slope, as with ordinary lines. But we cannot do either of these things, because fractal curves have complexity in the form of self-similarity and detail that ordinary lines lack. The self-similarity lies in the infinite scaling, and the detail in the defining elements of each set. The length between any two points on these curves is undefined because the curves are theoretical constructs that never stop repeating themselves. Every smaller piece is composed of an infinite number of scaled segments that look exactly like the first iteration. These are not rectifiable curves, meaning they cannot be measured by being broken down into many segments approximating their respective lengths. They cannot be characterized by finding their lengths or slopes. However, their fractal dimensions can be determined, which shows that both fill space more than ordinary lines but less than surfaces, and allows them to be compared in this regard.
The two fractal curves described above show a type of self-similarity that is exact with a repeating unit of detail that is readily visualized. This sort of structure can be extended to other spaces (e.g., a fractal that extends the Koch curve into 3-d space has a theoretical D=2.5849). However, such neatly countable complexity is only one example of the self-similarity and detail that are present in fractals. The example of the coast line of Britain, for instance, exhibits self-similarity of an approximate pattern with approximate scaling.:26 Overall, fractals show several types and degrees of self-similarity and detail that may not be easily visualized. These include, as examples, strange attractors for which the detail has been described as in essence, smooth portions piling up,:49 the Julia set, which can be seen to be complex swirls upon swirls, and heart rates, which are patterns of rough spikes repeated and scaled in time. Fractal complexity may not always be resolvable into easily grasped units of detail and scale without complex analytic methods but it is still quantifiable through fractal dimensions.:197; 262
The terms fractal dimension and fractal were coined by Mandelbrot in 1975, about a decade after he published his paper on self-similarity in the coastline of Britain. Various historical authorities credit him with also synthesizing centuries of complicated theoretical mathematics and engineering work and applying them in a new way to study complex geometries that defied description in usual linear terms. The earliest roots of what Mandelbrot synthesized as the fractal dimension have been traced clearly back to writings about undifferentiable, infinitely self-similar functions, which are important in the mathematical definition of fractals, around the time that calculus was discovered in the mid-1600s.:405 There was a lull in the published work on such functions for a time after that, then a renewal starting in the late 1800s with the publishing of mathematical functions and sets that are today called canonical fractals (such as the eponymous works of von Koch, Sierpiński, and Julia), but at the time of their formulation were often considered antithetical mathematical "monsters". These works were accompanied by perhaps the most pivotal point in the development of the concept of a fractal dimension through the work of Hausdorff in the early 1900s who defined a "fractional" dimension that has come to be named after him and is frequently invoked in defining modern fractals.:44
See Fractal history for more information
Role of scaling
The concept of a fractal dimension rests in unconventional views of scaling and dimension. As Fig. 4 illustrates, traditional notions of geometry dictate that shapes scale predictably according to intuitive and familiar ideas about the space they are contained within, such that, for instance, measuring a line using first one measuring stick then another 1/3 its size, will give for the second stick a total length 3 times as many sticks long as with the first. This holds in 2 dimensions, as well. If one measures the area of a square then measures again with a box of side length 1/3 the size of the original, one will find 9 times as many squares as with the first measure. Such familiar scaling relationships can be defined mathematically by the general scaling rule in Equation 1, where the variable stands for the number of sticks, for the scaling factor, and for the fractal dimension:
This scaling rule typifies conventional rules about geometry and dimension – for lines, it quantifies that, because when as in the example above, and for squares, because when
The same rule applies to fractal geometry but less intuitively. To elaborate, a fractal line measured at first to be one length, when remeasured using a new stick scaled by 1/3 of the old may not be the expected 3 but instead 4 times as many scaled sticks long. In this case, when and the value of can be found by rearranging Equation 1:
That is, for a fractal described by when a non-integer dimension that suggests the fractal has a dimension not equal to the space it resides in. The scaling used in this example is the same scaling of the Koch curve and snowflake. Of note, the images shown are not true fractals because the scaling described by the value of cannot continue infinitely for the simple reason that the images only exist to the point of their smallest component, a pixel. The theoretical pattern that the digital images represent, however, has no discrete pixel-like pieces, but rather is composed of an infinite number of infinitely scaled segments joined at different angles and does indeed have a fractal dimension of 1.2619.
D is not a unique descriptor
As is the case with dimensions determined for lines, squares, and cubes, fractal dimensions are general descriptors that do not uniquely define patterns. The value of D for the Koch fractal discussed above, for instance, quantifies the pattern's inherent scaling, but does not uniquely describe nor provide enough information to reconstruct it. Many fractal structures or patterns could be constructed that have the same scaling relationship but are dramatically different from the Koch curve, as is illustrated in Figure 6.
Fractal surface structures
The concept of fractality is applied increasingly in the field of surface science, providing a bridge between surface characteristics and functional properties. Numerous surface descriptors are used to interpret the structure of nominally flat surfaces, which often exhibit self-affine features across multiple length-scales. Mean surface roughness, usually denoted RA, is the most commonly applied surface descriptor, however numerous other descriptors including mean slope, root mean square roughness (RRMS) and others are regularly applied. It is found however that many physical surface phenomena cannot readily be interpreted with reference to such descriptors, thus fractal dimension is increasingly applied to establish correlations between surface structure in terms of scaling behavior and performance. The fractal dimensions of surfaces have been employed to explain and better understand phenomena in areas of contact mechanics, frictional behavior, electrical contact resistance and transparent conducting oxides.
The concept of fractal dimension described in this article is a basic view of a complicated construct. The examples discussed here were chosen for clarity, and the scaling unit and ratios were known ahead of time. In practice, however, fractal dimensions can be determined using techniques that approximate scaling and detail from limits estimated from regression lines over log vs log plots of size vs scale. Several formal mathematical definitions of different types of fractal dimension are listed below. Although for some classic fractals all these dimensions coincide, in general they are not equivalent:
- Information dimension: D considers how the average information needed to identify an occupied box scales with box size; is a probability.
- Correlation dimension: D is based on as the number of points used to generate a representation of a fractal and gε, the number of pairs of points closer than ε to each other.
- Generalized or Rényi dimensions: The box-counting, information, and correlation dimensions can be seen as special cases of a continuous spectrum of generalized dimensions of order α, defined by:
- Lyapunov dimension
- Multifractal dimensions: a special case of Rényi dimensions where scaling behaviour varies in different parts of the pattern.
- Uncertainty exponent
- Hausdorff dimension: For any subset of a metric space and , the d-dimensional Hausdorff content of S is defined by
- The Hausdorff dimension of S is defined by
Estimating from real-world data
Many real-world phenomena exhibit limited or statistical fractal properties and fractal dimensions that have been estimated from sampled data using computer based fractal analysis techniques. Practically, measurements of fractal dimension are affected by various methodological issues, and are sensitive to numerical or experimental noise and limitations in the amount of data. Nonetheless, the field is rapidly growing as estimated fractal dimensions for statistically self-similar phenomena may have many practical applications in various fields including diagnostic imaging, physiology, neuroscience, medicine, physics, image analysis, ecology, acoustics, Riemann zeta zeros, and electrochemical processes.
An alternative to a direct measurement, is considering a mathematical model that resembles formation of a real-world fractal object. In this case, a validation can also be done by comparing other than fractal properties implied by the model, with measured data. In colloidal physics, systems composed of particles with various fractal dimensions arise. To describe these systems, it is convenient to speak about a distribution of fractal dimensions, and eventually, a time evolution of the latter: a process that is driven by a complex interplay between aggregation and coalescence.
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Mandelbrot, Benoit (2004). Fractals and Chaos. Springer. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-387-20158-0.
A fractal set is one for which the fractal (Hausdorff-Besicovitch) dimension strictly exceeds the topological dimension
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|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fractal dimension.|
- TruSoft's Benoit, fractal analysis software product calculates fractal dimensions and hurst exponents.
- A Java Applet to Compute Fractal Dimensions
- Introduction to Fractal Analysis
- Bowley, Roger (2009). "Fractal Dimension". Sixty Symbols. Brady Haran for the University of Nottingham.
- "Fractals are typically not self-similar". 3Blue1Brown.
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https://www.coursehero.com/sitemap/schools/1462-Morris-County/courses/5445624-MBA101/
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math
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PGP Admission Process for IIMB Batch of 2010 1
This document details the process that will be adopted for selecting candidates for admission to
the Post Graduate Program in Management (PGP) at the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
(IIMB) for the ba
I understand you have just received a letter stating you have been accepted for enrollemnt at St.
Andrew's this fall. It is with some surprise that I learn you are less than eager to join this outstanding
and excellent school.
1. cacophony :a harsh discordant mixture of sounds.
2. seine :a large net with sinkers on one edge and floats on the other that hangs vertically in
the water and is used to enclose and catch fish
3. ubiquitous :present, appearing, or found everywhere.
1. Raj writes numbers from 1 to 200 on a sheet of paper how many are not divisible either by 3 or 7 .
2 . A can do a work in 6 hours , B can do a work in 8 hours. A,B,C can do a work in 3 hours. In how many hours can C alone do the work.
1.Sql Statments are not case senstive where as character values are case senstive and data values are format senstive
2.Output column is always in capital like CITY and if you want to show it as small we can use "city"
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Antelope:Calf : ? ( I dont remember the options but I marked Wolf:Whelp)
1. A certain sum is invested in two separate banks. Th
1. If (0, a), (11, 7) and (9, 11) are collinear, then find the value of a.
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How much time does it take for Pipe B to fill the ta
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https://books.google.gr/books?id=5gQXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA93&focus=viewport&dq=editions:HARVARD32044096996442&hl=el&output=html_text
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« ΠροηγούμενηΣυνέχεια »
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NOTE 1. The symbol £. stands for the Latin word libra, signifying a pound; s. for solidus, a shilling; d. for denarius, a penny; gr. for quadrans, a quarter.
NOTE 2.- Farthings are sometimes expressed in a fraction of a penny; thus, 1 far. =* d.; 2 far. = d.; 3 far. = d.
NOTE 3. - The term sterling is probably from Easterling, the popular name of certain early German traders in England, whose money was noted for the purity of its quality.
NOTE 4. — The English coins consist of the five-sovereign piece, the double-sovereign, the sovereign, and the half-sovereign, made of gold; the crown, the half-crown, florin, the shilling, the six-pence, the four-pence, the three-pence, the two-pence, the one-and-a-half-pence, and the penny, made of silver ; the penny, the half-penny, the farthing, and the half-farthing, made of copper.
The sovereign represents the pound sterling, whose legal value in United States money is $4.84 ; and the florin represents one-tenth of the pound.
The value of the English guinea is 21 shillings sterling. The guinea, the five-guinea, the half-guinea, the quarter-guinea, and the seven-shilling piece, are no longer coined.
The English gold coins are now made of 11 parts of pure gold, and 1 part of copper, or some other alloy; and the silver coin, of 37 parts of pure sil. ver, and three parts of copper.
The present standard weight of the sovereign is 12347} grains Troy; the crown, 43611 grains; the copper penny, 2913 grains.
128. To change numbers expressed in one or more denominations to their equivalents in one or more other denominations.
Ex. 1. In 48£. 12s. 7d. 2far. how many farthings ?
We multiply the 48 by 20, be48£. 1 2 s. 7 d. 2 far. cause 20 shillings make 1 pound, 20
and to this product we add the 12
shillings in the question, and obtain 9 7 2 shillings. 972 shillings. We then multiply 12
by 12, because 12 pence make 1 11 6 7 1 pence.
shilling, and to the product we add
the 7 pence, and obtain 11671 4
pence. Again, we multiply by 4, Ans. 4 6 6 8 6 farthings.
because 4 farthings make 1 penny,
and to this product we add the 2 farthings, and obtain 46686 farthings, the answer sought.
Ex. 2. In 46686 farthings how many pounds ?
We divide by 4, because 4 far4) 4 6 6 8 6 far. things make 1 penny, and the re
sult is 11671 pence, and 2 farthings 1 2 ) 11 671 d. 2 far.
remaining. We then divide by 12 20 ) 9 7 2 s. 7 d. because 12 pence make 1 shilling,
and the result is 972 shillings, and 48 £. 1 2 s. 7 pence remaining. Lastly, we diAns. 48£. 12s. 7d. 2 far.
vide by 20, because 20 shillings
make i pound, and the result is 48 pounds, and 12 shillings remaining. By annexing to the last quotient the several remainders, we obtain 48£. 12s. 7d. 2far. as the required result.
From these illustrations, for the two kinds of reduction, we deduce the following
RULE. — For REDUCTION DESCENDING. Multiply the highest denomination given by the number of units required of the next lower denomination to make one in the denomination multiplied. To this product add the corresponding denomination of the multiplicand, if there be any. Proceed in this way, till the reduction is brought to the denomination required.
FOR REDUCTION ASCENDING. Divide the lower denomination iven by the number of units required of that denomination to make one of the next higher. The quotient thus obtained divide in like manner, and so proceed until it is brought to the denomination required. The last quotient, with the several remainders, if there be any, annexed, will be the answer.
3. In 127£. 15s. 8d. how many farthings ?
129. Avoirdupois or Commercial Weight is used in weighing almost every kind of goods, and all metals except gold and silver.
NOTE 1. — The oz. stands for onza, the Spanish for ounce, and in cwt. the c stands for centum, the Latin for one hundred, and wt for weight.
NOTE 2. — The laws of most of the States, and common practice at the present time, make 25 pounds a quarter, as given in thc table. But formerly, 28 pounds were allowed to make a quarter, 112 pounds a hundred, and 2240 pounds a ton, as is still the standard of the United States government in collecting duties at the custom-houses.
Note 3. — The term avoirdupois is from the French avoir du poid, signifying to have weight.
NOTE 4. — - The standard avoirdupois pound of the United States is the weight, taken in the air, of 2770066 cubic inches of distilled water, at its maximum density, or when at a temperature of 3918. degrees Fahrenheit, the barometer being at 30 inches. It is the same as the Imperial poand avoirdupois of Great Britain, which is the weight of 2716166 cubic inches of distilled water at the temperature of 62 degrees.
1. In 165T. 13cwt. 3qr. 191b. 14oz. how many ounces? 2. In 5302318 ounces how many tons ?
3. If a load of hay weigh 3T. 16cwt. 2qr. 181b., required the weight in ounces.
4. In 122688 ounces how many tons ?
5. Required the number of drams in 2T. 17cwt. 3qr. 161b. 15oz. 13dr.
6. In 1482749 drams how many tons ? 7. What is the value of 7T. 17cwt. at 7 cents per pound?
Ans. $ 1099.00. 8. What will 19cwt. 3qr. 201b. of sugar cost at 9 cents per pound?
Ans. $ 179.55.
TROY OR MINT WEIGHT.
130. Troy or Mint Weight is the weight used in weighing gold, silver, jewels, and liquors; and in philosophical experiments.
TABLE. 24 Grains (gr.)
make 1 Pennyweight, pwt. 20 Pennyweights
1 Ounce, 12 Ounces
Note 1. — Troy weight was introduced into Europe from Cairo in Egypt, in the 12th century, and was first adopted in Troyes, a city in France, where great fairs were held, whence it may have had its name.
NOTE 2. A grain or corn of wheat, gathered out of the middle of the ear, was the origin of all the weights used in England. Of these grains, 32, well dried, were to make one pennyweight. But in later times it was thought sufficient to divide the same pennyweight into 24 equal parts, still called grains, being the least weight now in use, from which the rest are computed.
NOTE 3. — - Diamonds and other precious stones are weighed by what is called Diamond Weight, of which 16 parts make 1 grain; 4 grains, 1 carat. 1 grain Diamond Weight is equal to 1 grains Troy, and 1 carat to 3} grains Troy. In weighing pearls, the pennyweight is divided into 30 grains instead of 24, so that 1 pearl grain is equal to grains Troy. The carat as a weight must not be confounded with the assay carat, a term whose use is to indicate a proportional part of a weight, as in expressing the fineness of gold, each carat means a twenty-fourth part of the entire mass used. Thus, pure gold is termed 24 carat gold, and gold that is not pure is termed 18 carat gold. 20 carat gold, &c., as its mass may be 18 twenty-fourths, 20 twenty-fourths, &c. pure gold. Each assay carat is subdivided into 4 assay grains, and each assay grain into 4 assay quarters.
NOTE 4. — The Troy pound, the standard unit of weight adopted by the United States Mint, is the same as the Imperial Troy pound of Great Britain, and is equal to the weight, taken in the air, of 2276000 cubic inches of distilled water, at its maximum density, the barometer being at 30 inches.
1. How many grains in 28lb. 11oz. 12pwt. 15gr. Troy? 2. In 166863 grains Troy how many pounds?
3. If a silver pitcher weigh 3lb. 10oz., what is its weight in grains ?
4. How many pounds Troy in 22080 grains ?
5. What is the value of 73lb. lloz. of standard silver at $0.062 per pennyweight ?
6. How many pounds of standard silver can be purchased for $ 1099.88, at the rate of $ 0.062 per pennyweight?
7. A Californian has 571b. 7oz. of pure gold. What is its value at $ 20.593} per ounce ? Ans. $14229.9013.
8. What is the value of a mass of standard gold weighing 191b. Coz. 16pwt. at 93 cents per pennyweight ?
Ans. $ 4367.28. 9. I have a lump of pure silver weighing 131b. 9oz. What is its value at $ 1.385 70 per ounce ? Ans. $ 228.6404.
131. Apothecaries' Weight is used in mixing medical prescriptions.
TABLE. 20 Grains (gr.) make 1 Scruple,
sc. or Ə. 3 Scruples
dr. or 3. 8 Drams
oz. or 3. 12 Ounces
Ib. or Ib. gr. 20
Note 1. — In this weight the pound, ounce, and grain are the same as in Troy Weight.
NOTE 2. — Medicines are usually bought and sold by Avoirdu pois Weight.
NOTE 3. — In estimating the weight of fluids, 45 drops, or a common teaspoonful, make about 1 fluid dram; 2 common table-spoonfuls, about 1 fluid ounce; a wineglassful, about 13 fluid ounces; and a common teacupful, about 4 fluid ounces.
1. In 23lb 93 03 23 13gr. how many grains ?
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http://braun-acton-hs.weebly.com/sem-1-2015-2016-sph3u-blog/day-39-newtons-2nd-law
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F = ma (Force = mass x acceleration)
Newton's Second Law describes a universal relationship between the external, unbalanced force (F) acting on an object, the acceleration (a) of the object, and the mass (m) of the object.
Newton's 2nd Law - Lesson
From the dynamics package you received in class; go through this guided lesson and then complete the two activities (solve simple questions with the equation and the 20 mark assignment). My audio on my computer doesn't work with windows 10 so I had to just take a picture of the note...sorry. I made a video, but it had no sound.
Please watch both of these videos to learn more about Newton's 2nd Law
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http://stegentv.com/?lib/category/fractals/page/2/
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Discussions concerning a new multiplicative accounting system and the advantages of using the geometric calculus in economic analysis are included in an article by Diana Andrada Filip (Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca in Romania) and Cyrille Piatecki (Orléans University in France). The geometric calculus was used by Hasan Özyapıcı (Eastern Mediterranean University in Cyprus), İlhan Dalcı (Eastern Mediterranean University in Cyprus), and Ali Özyapıcı (Cyprus International University) in their article "Integrating accounting and multiplicative calculus: an effective estimation of learning curve". From the Abstract: "The results of this study are also expected to help researchers, practitioners, economists, business managers, and cost and managerial accountants to understand how to construct a multiplicative based learning curve to improve such decisions as pricing, profit planning, capacity management, and budgeting." (The expression "multiplicative calculus" refers here to the geometric calculus.) The non-Newtonian approach to accounting [82, 121, 149, 181, 216] was advocated by Amelia Correa (St.
How many L capes can Kareem make with the material? In one kind, the goal is given first, and then the mind goes from the goal to the means, that is, from the question to the solution. Great art is another matter, nothing trivial about that. Now, since we are using integer math, which has inherent round-off error, we might get some artifacts which are not strictly fractal in origin, hence the 1-map mode, but which every once in a while give something interesting.
Describe how to solve the equation -1.25 + .v= 1. 25 Then solve. 2. As numerical minimization methods have a wide range of applications in science and engineering, the idea of the design of minimization methods based on [geometric] and [bigeometric] calculi is self-evident. S. at applied to the stock market, to air currents, and all of the elements (like depth, color, shape and intrigue) to create a good piece of art. Try This Use the formula you discovered to find the volume of each prism. 1. 4 cm; 3 cm 6 cm 7 cm 3. 6 cm 2 cm V Top Side 4 cm A. 2 cm 3 cm 594 Chapter 10 Measurement: Three-Dimensional Figures Activity 2 Q You can use a process similar to that in Activity 1 to develop the formula for the volume of a cylinder.
In each of these two calculi, the use of multiplication/division to combine/compare numbers is crucial. We showed that the classical calculus and each non-Newtonian calculus can be 'weighted' in a manner explained in our book The First Systems of Weighted Differential and Integral Calculus (1980). Since pi is about 3.14, that means the book is correct. IVIultiple Choice Wliich expression does NOT have a value of —3? Probability 639 1^ 7.4.5 Use theoretical probability and proportions to make approximate predictions.
Bigeometric Calculus: A System with a Scale-Free Derivative, ISBN 0977117030, 1983. Jane Grossman, Michael Grossman, and Robert Katz. But they don't have the creativity to ask new questions. Students may be able to participate in the UC Education Abroad Program (EAP) and UCSD's Opportunities Abroad Program (OAP) while still making progress towards the major. Being fundamentally lazy, we prefer to sit down in a car while connecting directly to nodes up to tens of kilometers away -- there is no need to cross over to different modes of transport.
Think: 3 out of W is how many out of 500? Multiply Divide each side by W to isolate the variable. 150 = x Caitlyn can predict that she wiU make about 150 of 500 tliree-point shots. 3 _ 10 -V 500 3 ■ 500 = 10 -X 1,500 = lOx 1,500 _ lO.v EXAMPLE 1? 5 _. Non-Newtonian calculus was recommended as a topic for the 21st-century college-mathematics-curriculum at the 27th International Conference on Technology in Collegiate Mathematics (ICTCM) in March of 2015. (The conference was sponsored by Pearson PLC, the largest education company and the largest book publisher in the world; and the Electronic Proceedings of the conference were hosted by Math Archives (archives.math.utk.edu) with partial support provided by the National Science Foundation.) Please see item in the References section. ================================================================================================================================================================= Citations Contents Home Multiplicative Calculus Brief History Applications Citations Reviews Comments Quotations References Links/Reading Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Dedication Non-Newtonian Calculus is cited in the book The Rainbow of Mathematics: A History of the Mathematical Sciences by the eminent mathematics-historian Ivor Grattan-Guinness. Non-Newtonian calculus is cited in an article on atmospheric temperature by Robert G.
As we iterate powerset and union, we therefore progressively create bigger sets and more sets. That means if a device produces a magnetic field that exhibits fractal behaviour, the magnetic field would not posses dimension equal to a whole number — such as one, two, or three dimensions — but rather a fractional value such as 0.8 or 1.6 dimensions. In particular, in architectural studies of tall building skylines, the silhouette complexity significantly affected preference scores while facade complexity was of less importance (Heath et al., 2000 ).
However, sometimes there are additional prior information we want to take into consideration, then the Bayesian approach is to be employed. She builds a larger tank by doubling each dimension. EXAMPLE Using the Division Property of Equality Solve the equation 240 = 42. Consumer Math Members at a swim club pay $5 per lesson plus a one-time fee of $60. Afraid of epidemics, she tried to keep him out of school. He links to a piece where he argues that this can’t be true.
They provide a wide variety of mathematical tools for use in science, engineering, and mathematics. Krantz" and published in 2008 by the Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. Then he turns north and rides another 15 miles before he stops to rest. In increasingly important, complex imaging frameworks, such as diffusion tensor imaging, it complements standard calculus in a nontrivial way. We knew that the bigeometric calculus like the geometric calculus and maybe many other non-Newtonian calculi would be useful.
Simulation games are games that try to make something as realistic as possible. Find the value of x when y = 162. y = 18. V Write the equation for the direct variation. 162 = 18. Bashirov, Mustafa Riza, and Yucel Tandogdu (all of Eastern Mediterranean University in North Cyprus); Emine Misirli Kurpinar and Yusuf Gurefe (both of Ege University in Turkey); and Ali Ozyapici (Lefke European University in Turkey). Try This Use graph paper to estimate each square root. Calling intervals the "fourth," "fifth," or "octave" (i.e. "eighth"), when they are part of a system of seven tones, is a little confusing.
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https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1335136316
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math
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posted by Chuck .
Find the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series at t = 0.02 sec when L = 0.05 h, R = 2
Ohm, C = 0.01 farad. The initial conditions are q(0) = 5 C, i(0) = 0 Ampere. Determine the firt
time at which the charge on the capacitor is equal to zero. Also, find the current at any time t
pau no seu cu
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http://theyoungscottishphysicist.co.uk/Higher/4.2%20Uncertainties.html
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math
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Aids to Understanding
Suppose you measure a piece of paper with the ruler below and you estimate it is a bit more than twenty two centimeters, say one fifth more.
The correct way to write your value is; 22.2 cm. Since the smallest scale division of the ruler is 0.5 cm the scale reading uncertainty is 0.25 cm , but we should
round it up (we never round uncertainties down) to 0.3 cm. The reading with uncertainty is written as
(22.2 +/- 0.3) cm. In meters we would write it as (0.222 +/- 0.003) m. It should now be clear that a ruler with 1.0 cm divisions we are justified in taking our reading to three decimal places. Excercise Suppose a ball is dropped from a height of 3.3000 m five times. Suppose the times on the digital stopwatch were, 0.81 s, 0.92 s, 0.79 s 0.95 s and 0.99 s.
Your job is to write a report identical to the one on the right and find the average speed with its absolute uncertainty.
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https://www.ub.bw/connect/staff/782
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math
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BSc (Math) University of Botswana, Gaborone Botswana, MSc , PhD Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PE, RSA.
Abstract Algebra, Number theory, Linear Algebra, Graph Theory and Combinatorics, Calculus, Engineering Mathematics.
Near-rings, Radical theory, Prime rings, Rings of continuous functions.
G.L. Booth, J.H. Meyer, K. Mogae ,"Topological rings, homogeneous functions, and primeness" Communications in Algebra, Volume 45, (2017), 322-331.
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https://www.clutchprep.com/chemistry/practice-problems/144252/with-some-manipulation-the-rydberg-equation-can-be-rewritten-in-the-forme-consta
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math
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With some manipulation, the Rydberg equation can be rewritten in the form
which allows you to calculate the energy of the emitted light. Express this constant in terms of the constants h, c, and RH using relationships between wavelength and energy as well as the Rydberg equation from the introduction.
The Rydberg equation expresses the wavelength, λ, of emitted light based on the initial and final energy states (ni and nf) of an electron in a hydrogen atom:
where RH = 1.097 × 107 m− 1 = 1.097 × 10−2 nm−1.
You may also see this equation written as
the two formulas are equivalent and sometimes used interchangeably. It can help to remember that when light is emitted, E is negative. When light is absorbed, E is positive.
Frequently Asked Questions
What scientific concept do you need to know in order to solve this problem?
Our tutors have indicated that to solve this problem you will need to apply the Bohr and Balmer Equations concept. If you need more Bohr and Balmer Equations practice, you can also practice Bohr and Balmer Equations practice problems.
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| 1,073 | 9 |
https://www.365donostia.com/intro-to-mathematical-stats-its-applications-5-edition/
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math
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The 2019 edition of the competition, won by Josephine Uwase, a 19-year-old from Congo DRC, had finalists from 8 countries,
Introduction to Linear Algebra (5th Edition). — By Gilbert. A comprehensive, time-tested, non-calculus-based textbook on much of what applied statistics has to offer. It's. Basic logic, proof techniques and their applications in higher mathematics. How to Read and Do Proofs (6th Edition) by Daniel Solow · How to Read and Do Proof: An Introduction to Mathematical Thought Processes (6th Edition).
A Survey of Mathematics with Applications Custom Package for Stephen F Austin State University (2nd custom edition from 10th ed.) w/ MyMathLab. Angel, et. Mathematics for Elementary Teachers, 5th ed. MyMathLab is NOT. MTH 360, Introduction to Mathematical Statistics and its Applications, 6th ed. Larsen and Marx.
In Feller’s Introduction to Probability theory and Its Applications, volume 1, 3d ed, p. 194, exercise 10, there is formulated a version of the local limit theorem which is applicable to the hypergeometric distribution, which governs sampling without replacement.
Mathematical Statistics is a continuation of MATH 4426 Probability or an equivalent (calculus- based) probability course. Text: An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics and Its Applications, 5th Edition, by. Richard Larsen and Morris Marx.
10-5-2015 · lishing a mathematical theory of probability. Today, probability theory is a well-established branch of mathematics that finds applications in every area of scholarly activity from music to physics, and in daily experience from weather prediction to predicting the risks of new medical treatments.
Undergraduate Course Descriptions and Prerequisites. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 5th Edition, by David C. Lay, Steven R. Lay and Judi J. McDonald, Pearson, A study of the history and development of mathematics and its cultural impact from the.
Statistics. A course will be worth a minimum of half credit and a maximum of 5 credits, depending. The degree program is structured such that in many subjects introductory courses are taught in. To equip the student with the basic mathematical ideas in the area of analysis and its. John E. Freud's Mathematical Statistics with Applications, 7 th. Edition. London; Pearson education International. 2.
How Many Molecules Of Co2 Are Needed To Generate One Molecule Of Glucose? Using ATP and NADPH from the light reactions, 3-PG is reduced to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). Two molecules of G3P can spontaneously form a molecule of glucose (the first, energetically uphill part of glycolysis running backwards). 18/10/2009 · Since 2 atoms of oxygen are needed for each molecule of co2, then you would divide 6 by 2 to
Medical Statistics & Methodology · Midwifery · Nursing Studies · Nursing · Obstetrics & Gynecology · Occupational Medicine · Ophthalmology. Price. $25 to $50 (1). $50 to $100 (5). $100 to $200 (33). More than $200 (2). Oxford Lecture Series in Mathematics and Its Applications RSS. The aim. Mathematical modelling features, as do applications to finance, engineering, and the physical and biological sciences. An Introduction to Semilinear Evolution Equations. Revised Edition.
Calculus Concepts: An Informal Approach to the Mathematics of Change 5th Edition LaTorre, Donald R.; Kenelly, John W.; Reed, An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics and Its Applications (6th Edition) Larsen, Richard J.; Marx, Morris L.
Solutions To Mathematics Textbooks/Introduction to Mathematical Statistics (5th edition) (ISBN 8178086301) From Wikibooks, open books for an open world < Solutions To Mathematics Textbooks
These are just some examples that highlight how statistics are used in our modern society. To figure out the desired information for each example, you need data to analyze. The purpose of this course is to introduce you to the subject of statistics as a science of data.
Walt Whitman When I Heard The Learn D Astronomer Analysis U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was a fan of Edwin Arlington Robinson’s work. Of ”Luke Havergal,” he said, ”I am not sure I understand ”Luke Havergal,” but I am entirely sure that I like it.”. In “When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer,” Walt Whitman inundates the first five lines with enjambment and repetition to contrast between
11 Jan 2018. ma003/103, Ma 003/103, Kim Border, CITMATH, Mathematics. An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics and Its Applications, fifth edition. Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0- 321-69394-9. There will be additional readings from time to.
Book Cover of Marco Taboga – Lectures on Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics – 3rd Edition. This book takes us on an exhilarating journey through the revolution in data analysis following the introduction of. Enjoy Unlimited Reading. 5. Book Cover of Ron C. Mittelhammer – Mathematical Statistics for Economics and Business. The authors' use of practical applications and excellent exercises helps you discover the nature of statistics and understand its essential role.
Preface What follows are my lecture notes for a first course in differential equations, taught at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
For the past 3 years, girls across the continent submit applications of technology-based solutions aimed at solving a.
Math Games Brain Teasers Over 50 math brain teasers for kids to challenge and improve their critical thinking skills. Use them at home, on the go or in the classroom. Math is fun! A collection of challenging math puzzles, gathered from my puzzle contest. This is a very famous brain teaser in the form of a probability puzzle loosely
Distance Between Athens And Attica Zoological Park The Sofitel Athens Airport is located opposite the Athens International Airport, 10 km from museums, 35 minutes from Athens city center, and adjacent to the Attica Road junction for quick and easy access to any part of Athens. Organic Chemistry 2 Practice Exams Final Exam for Organic II 200pts(Weighted as 300) Name. Final Exam for
in which mathematics takes place today. As such, it is expected to provide. but its proof needed a new concept from the twentieth century, a new axiom called the Axiom of Choice. finite number of applications of the inferences 2 through 8. Now that we have specified a language of set theory,
Challenge problems are more difficult than those typically assigned on quizzes or exams. You should try these if you 1) want to get the most out of this course possible, 2) are an Applied Math major, or 3) intend to go to graduate school.
Organic Chemistry 2 Practice Exams Final Exam for Organic II 200pts(Weighted as 300) Name. Final Exam for Organic II Page 2. 7) Give the products in six of the following reactions, paying attention to. and consultancy, etc) for an assistant chemistry professor at Rutgers? Final Exam for Organic II Page 12. Part of an online course. Also see Organic Chemistry
Applications of calculus in mathematics, science, economics, psychology, the social sciences, involve several variables. This course extends calculus to several variables: vectors, partial derivatives, multiple integrals. There is also a unit on infinite series, sometimes with applications to differential equations.
hello can i get a copy of mathematical statistics with applications 7th edition solutions manual pdf ? thank you in advance i really need it for my review
Mathematical Statistics with Applications in R – 2nd Edition – ISBN: 9780124171138, 9780124171329. Mathematical Statistics with Applications in R, Second Edition, offers a modern calculus-based theoretical introduction to mathematical statistics and applications. 2. Basic Concepts from Probability Theory 3. Additional Topics in Probability 4. Sampling Distributions 5. Estimation 6. His research interests are concentrated in the areas of applied probability and statistics.
X Men Evolution Forge Walt Whitman When I Heard The Learn D Astronomer Analysis U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was a fan of Edwin Arlington Robinson’s work. Of ”Luke Havergal,” he said, ”I am not sure I understand ”Luke Havergal,” but I am entirely sure that I like it.”. In “When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer,” Walt Whitman inundates the
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https://goodmancoaching.nl/how-is-existence-in-presentism-reconciled-with-relativity-of-simultaneity/
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math
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Is Presentism compatible with relativity?
presentism/possibilism are not only incompatible with general relativity but also with quantum theory.
What is meant by simultaneity of relativity?
In physics, the relativity of simultaneity is the concept that distant simultaneity – whether two spatially separated events occur at the same time – is not absolute, but depends on the observer’s reference frame.
What does it mean by the statement simultaneity is not absolute According to the theory of special relativity?
Einstein concluded that simultaneity is not absolute, or in other words, that simultaneous events as seen by one observer could occur at different times from the perspective of another. It’s not lightspeed that changes, he realized, but time itself that is relative.
Is simultaneity a consequence of special relativity?
The relativity of simultaneity is the concept that simultaneity–whether two events occur at the same time–is not absolute, but depends on the observer’s frame of reference.
How do you explain simultaneity?
So let's break it down now remember the concept of simultaneity is. The idea that any two vents that may be perceived. By one observer to be simultaneous that is they occur at the same time.
How relative motion is relates to explaining two simultaneous event?
Whether two events at separate locations are simultaneous depends on the motion of the observer relative to the locations of the events. (a) Two pulses of light are emitted simultaneously relative to observer B. (c) The pulses reach observer B’s position simultaneously.
Do any two observers always agree on simultaneity of events Why?
Two observers in relative motion will agree that two events are simultaneous: Two observers in relative motion will agree that two events are simultaneous: Never since they are both moving. Always only if they occur at the same time.
What is relativity of simultaneity time dilation?
Two events are defined to be simultaneous if an observer measures them as occurring at the same time. They are not necessarily simultaneous to all observers—simultaneity is not absolute. Time dilation is the phenomenon of time passing slower for an observer who is moving relative to another observer.
Do simultaneous events exist?
Only at most one will agree they happened at the same time. No, there is no absolute agreement on simultaneity. Alpha Centauri is about three light years from us. We know that it existed three years ago because we can see it in the sky as it was, for us, three years ago.
What is simultaneity problem?
What Causes It? Simultaneity happens when two variables on either side of a model equation influence each other at the same time. In other words, the flow of causality isn’t a hundred percent from a right hand side variable (i.e. a response variable) to a left hand side variable (i.e. an explanatory variable).
Will it be possible for a moving person to observe two events happening simultaneously with respect to inertial frame given that another person?
Answer and Explanation: From the special theory of relativity two events which are observed simultaneous in one inertial frame of reference may not be simultaneous in other frame of reference.
Under what condition will two events at different locations be simultaneous in both frames?
In order for the two events to be simultaneous in frame S′, they must be both be on its x′-axis, so, the only way it can be simultaneous for both observers is if S and S′ are not moving relative to eachother so that their worldlines are parallel.
When two observers are moving at relativistic speeds relative to each other do they still agree on each other’s measurement of speeds?
Explanation of Solution
Thus, the speed of light measured by both the observers who are in relative motion is same. The relative speed between the two observers will be same. Therefore, they agree about their own relative speed.
How is relativity used in everyday life?
“Since this is the core principle behind transformers and electric generators, anyone who uses electricity is experiencing the effects of relativity,” Moore told Live Science. Electromagnets work via relativity as well. When a direct current of electric charge flows through a wire, electrons drift through the material.
What is it in the general theory of relativity that does not involve the special relativity?
Special relativity applies to all physical phenomena in the absence of gravity. General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to other forces of nature.
Which form of relativity applies for observers who are accelerating?
Special relativity deals with observers moving at constant velocity; this is a lot easier than general relativity, in which observers can accelerate with respect to each other.
What is different about the reference frames that apply to special relativity and to general relativity?
What is different about the reference frames that apply to special relativity and to general relativity? Special relativity applies to frames of reference moving at constant velocity, whereas general relativity includes accelerating reference frames. In special relativity, there are no forces and no acceleration.
Does the principle of relativity require that every observer observe the same laws of physics explain?
And, given that relativity is a study of how observers in different reference frames measure the same event, it is not necessary that every observer will observe the same laws of physics happening.
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https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/geometry-of-sets-and-measures-in-euclidean-spaces-pertti-mattila/1111988977
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math
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Geometry of Sets and Measures in Euclidean Spaces: Fractals and Rectifiability available in Paperback
- Pub. Date:
- Cambridge University Press
The focus of this book is geometric properties of general sets and measures in Euclidean spaces. Applications of this theory include fractal-type objects, such as strange attractors for dynamical systems, and those fractals used as models in the sciences. The author provides a firm and unified foundation for the subject and develops all the main tools used in its study, such as covering theorems, Hausdorff measures and their relations to Riesz capacities and Fourier transforms. The last third of the book is devoted to the Besicovitch-Federer theory of rectifiable sets, which form in a sense the largest class of subsets of Euclidean space possessing many of the properties of smooth surfaces.
Table of ContentsAcknowledgements; Basic notation; Introduction; 1. General measure theory; 2. Covering and differentiation; 3. Invariant measures; 4. Hausdorff measures and dimension; 5. Other measures and dimensions; 6. Density theorems for Hausdorff and packing measures; 7. Lipschitz maps; 8. Energies, capacities and subsets of finite measure; 9. Orthogonal projections; 10. Intersections with planes; 11. Local structure of s-dimensional sets and measures; 12. The Fourier transform and its applications; 13. Intersections of general sets; 14. Tangent measures and densities; 15. Rectifiable sets and approximate tangent planes; 16. Rectifiability, weak linear approximation and tangent measures; 17. Rectifiability and densities; 18. Rectifiability and orthogonal projections; 19. Rectifiability and othogonal projections; 19. Rectifiability and analytic capacity in the complex plane; 20. Rectifiability and singular intervals; References; List of notation; Index of terminology.
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CC-MAIN-2018-51
| 1,831 | 5 |
https://www.queryhome.com/puzzle/7631/identical-boxes-numbered-balls-distributed-amongst-boxes
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math
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Which Indian cricketer is known as "Brown Bradman"?
Which of the following Pair are not parent and child who have both won the Nobel prize?
Who was the first women nominated member of Rajya Sabha of India?
Who is the first women boxer to be honoured with the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award?
Difference between FTP and TCP data?
What is the full form of C A B E?
eMBMS:How does ue knows about eMBMS messages
If velocity of a car is 18 meter per second then express this velocity in km per hour?
Linux: In which scenarios, we should use pthread_detach function ?
What is the full form of NASA?
There are 5 mangoes and 6 bananas. In how many different ways can a selection of fruits be made if all fruits of same kind are numbered with different tags.
If you have sticks which measure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 cm (one of each). How many different triangles can you make using three of the sticks?
A double Decker bus can accommodate 80 passengers 35 in upper deck and 40 in lower deck. In how many ways can a group of 80 passengers be accommodated if 5 refuse to sit in the lower deck and 10 refuse to sit in the upper deck
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| 1,163 | 15 |
https://slideplayer.com/slide/4638658/
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math
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Presentation on theme: "A Mathematical Frame Work to Create Fluid Flow Devices…… P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Conservation Laws for."— Presentation transcript:
Steady Viscous Flow If the density does not undergo a time change (steady flow), the above equation is reduced to:
Continuity Equation in Cartesian Coordinates The continuity equation for unsteady and compressible flow is written as: This Equation is a coordinate invariant equation. Its index notation in the Cartesian coordinate system given is:
Continuity Equation in Cylindrical Polar Coordinates Many flows which involve rotation or radial motion are best described in Cylindrical Polar Coordinates. In this system coordinates for a point P are r, and z. The velocity components in these directions respectively are v r,v and v z. Transformation between the Cartesian and the polar systems is provided by the relations,
The gradient operator is given by, As a consequence the conservation of mass equation becomes,
Continuity Equation in Cylindrical Polar Coordinates Spherical polar coordinates are a system of curvilinear coordinates that are natural for describing atmospheric flows. Define to be the azimuthal angle in the x-y - plane from the x-axis with 0 < 2 . to be the zenith angle and colatitude, with 0 < r to be distance (radius) from a point to the origin. The spherical coordinates (r, , ) are related to the Cartesian coordinates (x,y,z) by
or The gradient is As a consequence the conservation of mass equation becomes,
Balance of Linear Momentum The momentum equation in integral form applied to a control volume determines the integral flow quantities such as blade lift, drag forces, average pressure. The motion of a material volume is described by Newton’s second law of motion which states that mass times acceleration is the sum of all external forces acting on the system. These forces are identified as electrodynamic, electrostatic, and magnetic forces, viscous forces and the gravitational forces: For a control mass This equation is valid for a closed system with a system boundary that may undergo deformation, rotation, expansion or compression.
Balance of Momentum for Flow In a flow, there is no closed system with a defined system boundary. The mass is continuously flowing from one point to another point. Thus, in general, we deal with mass flow rather than mass. Consequently, the previous equation must be modified in such a way that it is applicable to a predefined control volume with mass flow passing through it. This requires applying the Reynolds transport theorem to a control volume.
The Preparation The momentum balance for a CM needs to be modified, before proceeding with the Reynolds transport theorem. As a first step, add a zero-term to CM Equation.
Applying the Reynolds transport theorem to the left-hand side of Equation Replace the second volume integral by a surface integral using the Gauss conversion theorem
Viscous Fluid Flows using a selected combination of Forces Systems only due to Body Forces. Systems due to only normal surface Forces. Systems due to both normal and tangential surface Forces. –Thermo-dynamic Effects (Buoyancy forces/surface)….. –Physico-Chemical/concentration based forces (Environmental /Bio Fluid Mechanics)
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http://auscblacks.com/grade-4-fractions-worksheets/math-worksheets-grade-convert-mixedaction-to-improper-worksheet-2/
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math
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By Darlene R. Yost on May 15 2018 15:28:29
Here’s hoping that now simplifying fractions for you would be easy and not so ‘trick-y’. Happy Fractions!
Start by following the basic process for fraction multiplication, turning any mixed fractions into improper ones. Before you cross cancel or multiply, however, swap the numerator and the denominator in the second fraction. This is called taking the reciprocal and it is the key step to turn this into a division operation. Then, cross cancel, multiply across to get the answer fraction, and reduce.
Subtracting fractions is similar to adding fractions. Most of the work involves the denominator. If the denominators of the two fractions are already the same, much of the work is done. Simply subtract the two numerators to get the answer fraction using the same denominator, and then reduce and make a proper fraction.
We often talk of dividing as being the reverse of multiplying, and indeed when dividing fractions this is the case. The way you divide fractions is very similar to the way fractions are multiplied with a simple twist in the middle.
adding fractions worksheet pdf
fractions worksheets for grade 6
fraction worksheets grade 5 pdf
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| 1,201 | 8 |
https://publicinsta.de/hashtag/moments
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math
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A very warm welcome to all my new followers. If you have just started following me, here are some facts about myself.
I lived in KSA for 4 years but have just moved to UAE for good. I love exploring different places and making new friends.
Happily married to my best friend.. Alhamdulillah 😇
Mother to a 3 year old, Abeer. She is a sweetheart but very hard to handle.
I enjoy cooking and keep on trying new recipes
With a toddler it gets hard to visit salon every now and then so I try different beauty products and review them.
A chaeholic, can't survive without it.
Enough about me I guess, it's your turn now. I would love to know your my facts and it would be great if we have something in common ✋✋ #uae#expatlife#dubai#momsofinsta#aboutme#mombloggers#momblogger#pakistanibloggers#ksa#kidsofinstagram#tealover#momlife#moments#pictureoftheday
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987834649.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20191023150047-20191023173547-00430.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2019-43
| 853 | 8 |
http://www.car-forums.com/talk/showthread.php?t=20763
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math
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A couple of physics questions for yous
1. A 0.001kg bullet 1000m/s strikes and passes through a 2kg block initially at rest. The bullet emerges from the block with a speed of 400m/s. To what maximum height will the block rise above its initial position?
2. High-speed stroboscopic photographs show that the head of a golf club of mass 0.23kg is travelling at 54.3m/s just before it strikes a 0.045kg golf ball at rest on a tee. After the collision, the club head travels (in the same direction) at 41.1m/s. Find the speed of the golf ball just after impact.
3. A railroad car of mass 2.17 x 10^4 kg is moving with a speed of 4.4m/s. It collides with four other coupled railroad cars, each of the same mass as the single car and moving in the same direction with an intial speed of 2m/s.
a) What is the speed of the five cars after the collision?
b) How much energy is lost in the collision?
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| 890 | 6 |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470057339.vab031/abstract
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math
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Statistical and Numerical Computing
Published Online: 15 SEP 2006
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Encyclopedia of Environmetrics
How to Cite
Whitaker, D. 2006. Branch-and-Bound Algorithm. Encyclopedia of Environmetrics. 1.
- Published Online: 15 SEP 2006
The branch and bound algorithm is mostly used to solve global optimization problems with integer variables (unknowns), linear objective and linear constraints (integer linear programming (LP) problems). The recent increase in the speed of computation on desktop computers has meant that the algorithm can be applied to large problems with several hundred integer variables, which only a decade ago were intractable to any true optimization algorithms. Although a number of algorithms have been proposed for the integer LP problem, the branch and bound technique is used in almost all of the available computer software. This technique has proven to be reasonably efficient for practical problems because it has the embedded advantage of solving continuous linear programmes as subproblems. Furthermore, in some situations the embedded subproblem is a special case of a LP problem (such as assignment and transportation problems), which have more efficient algorithms than the general LP algorithm. Branch and bound methods are also easy to implement on parallel processors. An increasing number of applications are currently forthcoming in this area.
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| 1,414 | 8 |
https://goprep.co/assertion-a-liquids-tend-to-have-maximum-number-of-molecules-i-1nm367
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math
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In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): Liquids tend to have maximum number of molecules at their surface.
Reason (R): Small liquid drops have spherical shape.
(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.
iv) A is false but R is true.
Liquids tend to reduce the number of molecules or their surface tension at their surface because at the surface there are unbalanced attractive forces at the surface of liquid which tends to pull the molecules back into the bulk liquid leaving the minimum number of molecules on the surface or decreasing the surface tension due to this reason or that’s why small drops have spherical shape. So, A is false and R is true.
Rate this question :
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703517966.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20210119042046-20210119072046-00345.warc.gz
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https://allsmartanswers.com/english/question515382036
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math
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i took this test im trying to remember i think it is the first one im super sorry if i remembered wrong!
a caption indicating the purpose of the diagram
first question's answer is a. they felt bad for the kitten, and started feeling guilty for not it.
second question's answer is c. she was trying to prevent the kitten from further screaming.
third question's answer is a. the mother and aunt fran faced their fears of cats, from it.
definition was not one of the four methods
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https://homeguides.sfgate.com/calculate-simple-interest-compound-interest-2424.html
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math
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How to Calculate Simple Interest & Compound Interest
Understanding interest and how it's calculated is one of the most fundamental and important steps you can take to manage your finances. This will help you earn more money when you deposit or lend, save more money when you borrow and help you plan your financial future.
Understanding Simple Interest
Interest is the cost of borrowing money over time. If you choose to lend someone money, that money is not available to you for the period of the loan, and you risk not being paid back at all. You could have been using that money for other things during that time, so you charge the borrower a fee for letting them use that money during that time instead.
If you are the one borrowing the money, you are in the position of owing the lender that interest as well as the original sum. Finally, if you deposit money with a bank or credit union, the institution pays you interest for the privilege of having your money available for their use during that time, The Balance explains.
The principal is the original amount lent, borrowed or deposited. Interest is generally expressed as a percentage, intended to be applied to the principal. This percentage is calculated over a year, and in financial contexts is often referred to as the Annual Percentage Rate, or APR. However, for most interest calculations, you will need to express the interest rate as a decimal rather than a percent. An APR of 5 percent converts to 0.05.
Calculating Simple Interest
Simple interest is calculated yearly on the original principal alone, and the team at Investopedia gives the formula as: I = P x r x t where I is the interest in dollars, P is the principal in dollars, r is the interest rate expressed as a decimal and t is the time period in years.
For example, say you borrow $1,000 from a friend: He charges you a simple interest rate of 5 percent and you pay the loan back after three years. To calculate the interest, apply the formula: ($1,000) x (0.05) x (3) = $150. The total you owe your friend at the end of the period is the principal plus the interest, or $1,150.
Understanding simple interest is the first step to making informed decisions about borrowing, lending and investing. From the example above, you see that the cost to you of borrowing this money from your friend is $150, and maybe it would have been cheaper to borrow from a bank. However, most financial institutions use compound rather than simple interest.
Understanding Compound Interest
Recalling that interest is the cost of borrowing money over time, imagine you lent money to a friend. The longer your friend keeps that money, the more opportunities for using it pass you by. You decide to charge your friend more over time until she repays your money. This is the idea behind compound interest.
With compound interest, the cost of borrowing the money for a given time frame is added, or "compounded," onto the principal, and then becomes the basis for charging interest over the next time frame — so you are charging interest on the interest. You end up charging interest on a larger and larger amount, creating a "snowball effect."
Compound interest is easiest to understand by example. Imagine you're lending $1,000 to your friend at an interest rate of 5 percent. Every year you don't get that money back, you compound the interest and recalculate the amount owed. Because you do this once a year, the interest rate is compounded annually.
Calculating Compound Interest
The first year, the calculation using I = P x r x t is the same, with t = 1, because the period under consideration is just the first year. However, with each subsequent year you add that year's interest to the total amount owed from the previous year:
Year 1: I = P x r x t = $1,000 x 0.05 x 1 = $50
Now the total amount owed, A, is equal to I + P, or $1,050.
Year 2: I = A x r x t = $1,050 x 0.05 x 1 = $52.50
The new account balance is $1,050 + $52.50 = $1,102.50. It is compounded a final time for the third year using this new number for A and rounding up.
Year 3: I = A x r x t = $1,102.50 x 0.05 x 1 = $55.13
This is a 5 percent interest rate compounded annually for three years. At the end of the three years, your friend owes you a total of $1,157.63. That's $7.63 more than if you had charged simple interest.
- Financial calculators have an interest function that performs these calculations quickly.
Danielle Smyth is a writer and content marketer from upstate New York. She holds a Master of Science in Publishing from Pace University. She owns her own content marketing agency, Wordsmyth Creative Content Marketing, and she enjoys writing home and DIY articles and blogs for clients in a variety of related industries. She also runs her own lifestyle blog, Sweet Frivolity.
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http://xphomeworknpbk.michellany.us/math-problems-with-answers.html
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math
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Math and logic puzzles if you really like exercising your brain, figuring things 'round and 'round till you explode, then this is the page for you. Requiring verbal explanations for math problems carries dubious educational value and may especially encumber certain students. We do math problems you have for you quick services at affordable price – order now and enjoy your discount we are available 24/7 for your orders. Please select your grade level to view practice tests answer masking, color contrast (background/font color) and text-to-speech for mathematics. This page includes very detailed explanations of the math practice problems if you had trouble answering some of the questions, take the time to. Are you looking for online assistance to solve math problems we offer math homework help that you can rely on.
Sat math skill review: word problems many problems in the math section will be presented as word problems sometimes the wording is so dense that it’s easy to forget you are in the math section at all. New math books the cafeteria contributed four pies to the sale each pie was then cut into five pieces and sold two-step word problems author: mike. Percent word problems handout a student earned a grade of 80% on a math test that had 20 problems how many problems on this test did the student answer correctly. Applied math actuarial courses course pages and even now many of the problems appearing in problem of the week were provided by michael golomb.
Algebra quick i need help with: help typing in your math problems simplifying expressions powers, products, like terms, anything else: polynomials. Studies show that lots of math practice leads to better math grades practice math problems are a great way for kids master the skills they need to answer such. Webmath is a math-help web site that generates answers to specific math questions and problems, as entered by a user, at any particular moment.
Markups and markdowns word problems answer keys view answer keys- all the answer keys in one file math skill quizzes. School solver is a marketplace for students to get help with homework questions, answers, and projects it also provides a way for students and tutors to get paid and make money answering homework questions. Math problem solving is a resource for students who must be able to correctly interpret math graphics in order to correctly answer many applied math problems. Math word problems including single- and multi-step word problems with addition, multiplication, subtraction, division and other math topics.
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Linear function word problems answer keys view answer keys- all the answer keys in one file math skill quizzes. Welcome to quickmath your step-by-step homework solver to start working on your math problems, please click on the button below. Math calculators and answers: elementary math, algebra, calculus, geometry, number theory, discrete and applied math, logic, functions, plotting and graphics, advanced mathematics, definitions, famous problems, continued fractions. Need urgent help with math problems no panic we are here to cope with your complex math assignment exceptional quality is guaranteed.
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CC-MAIN-2018-34
| 3,689 | 7 |
https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/olm/2015/03/aa22695-13/aa22695-13.html
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math
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Volume 575, March 2015
|Number of page(s)||12|
|Published online||09 March 2015|
X atom photodesorption probabilities at Tice = 20 K, 30 K, and 60 K resulting from photoexcitation of a X2O (X = H, D) or XOY (HOD or DOH) molecule present in a specific monolayer of H2O ice.
OX radical photodesorption probabilities at Tice = 20 K, 30 K, and 60 K resulting from photoexcitation of a X2O (X = H, D) or XOY (HOD or DOH) molecule present in a specific monolayer of H2O ice.
Total X2O (X = H, D) or XOY (HOD or DOH) photodesorption probabilities at Tice = 20 K, 30 K, and 60 K per monolayer due to the direct and the kick-out mechanism for X2O and XOY photodissociation in H2O ice.
Tables 2, 4, 5, A.1−A.3 list the total probabilities for X desorption, OX desorption, and X2O and HDO desorption (X = H, D) following a dissociation event, as a function of both monolayer and ice temperature. These tables also give the average probabilities, over the top four monolayers, for each species. For use in astrochemical models, it is useful to know the probability (per monolayer) of every potential outcome, rather than the total probability for the desorption of each species. This is because, in full gas-grain models, one is also interested in the composition of the ice mantle, as well as the gas.
As discussed in the main body of this paper, there are six potential outcomes following a dissociation event which can lead to a change in composition of both the ice and gas. For example, for HDO which is dissociated into H + OD, Equation (B.6) is the process known as “kick out” whereby a neighbouring H2O is ejected from the ice via momentum transfer from an excited photofragment. The probabilities of each of these events as a function of monolayer and ice temperature have been compiled from the raw data of the molecular dynamics simulations and are available at the CDS. There is a seventh possibility in which the photofragments recombine to reform HDO which remains trapped in the ice. This process does not change the gas or ice composition and thus we have not listed the probabilities for this outcome here; however, these data are necessary if one is interested in extrapolating the probabilities to deeper monolayers, ML > 4.
To determine the desorption probabilities at temperatures and in monolayers outside of those tabulated, one can simply interpolate/extrapolate using, for example, cubic spline interpolation. However, when extrapolating to determine probabilities for deeper monolayers, ML > 4, one should take care to ensure that, deep into the ice mantle, the probabilities for outcomes (B.1), (B.2), (B.3), (B.5), and (B.6) tend to 0, and the probability for outcome (B.4) tends to 1 − Precom, where Precom is the probability that the photofragments recombine to reform the molecule (which remains trapped in the ice). Deeper into the ice, desorption events become increasingly less probable and the most probable outcome becomes trapping of the photofragments (or the reformed molecule, following recombination). In addition, at very low coverage, ML < 1, the rates for all outcomes should tend to 0 as ML → 0.
In Table 1 we present our fitting functions and corresponding best-fit parameters for the temperature-averaged probabilities per monolayer for each outcome. The probabities are well fitted using a Gaussian-like function with the exception of the outcomes leading to trapping of the OY radical for which an exponential-like function was found to be more appropriate for describing the asymptotic behaviour of the probabilities towards deeper monolayers (≫4). In Fig. B.1 we present the probability per monolayer at each temperature and the temperature-averaged probabilities per monolayer along with the fitted functions for the example of DOH∗. The probabilities were fitted using the non-linear least-squares (NLLS) Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm (Marquardt 1963). The probabilities are a much stronger function of monolayer than temperature; hence, our decision to fit functions with respect to monolayer only.
For implementation in chemical models which adopt the rate equation method for describing the ice chemistry and gas-grain balance, the probabilities per monolayer should be multiplied by the rate of arrival of UV photons in the wavelength range 1650−1300 Å onto the grain surface times the absorption cross section of a UV photon by a grain-surface site (or molecule, in this case, HDO). The total desorption rate is then determined by integrating the desorption rate per monolayer over the total number of monolayers on the grain. The probabilities can be directly employed in stochastic chemical models in which the discrete nature of chemical reactions are taken into account (see, e.g. Cuppen & Herbst 2007).
Temperature-specific probabilities, temperature-averaged probabilities, and fitted functions for each outcome as a function monolayer for HDO photodissociation into D + OH.
|Open with DEXTER|
This section investigates whether photodesorption ultimately also leads to fractionation of HDO/H2O in the gas. We can estimate the total photodesorption probability ratio between HDO and H2O by taking into account the direct and kicked out mechanism in both cases. The probability of HDO photodesorption through the direct mechanism is given by (C.1)In Eq. (C.1), Pdirect( HDO∗) is the probability that upon photo-excitation of HDO (the generic case) the HDO recombines and desorbs directly. It can be approximately calculated using (C.2)and rHDO is the original HDO/H2O ratio in the ice (of the order of 0.01 or less as indicated by observations). In Eq. (C.2), the probabilities on the right hand side are the probabilities for the direct mechanism for photodesorbing HDO averaged over the top four monolayers and presented in Tables 5 and A.3.
The probability of H2O photodesorption through the direct mechanism is given by (C.3)In Eq. (C.3), Pdirect(H2O∗) is the probability that upon photo-excitation H2O recombines and desorbs directly. It can be obtained directly from Tables 5 and A.3.
As can be seen from Table 2 and after using Eq. (C.2), Pdirect(HDO∗) and Pdirect(H2O∗) are roughly the same. As a result (C.4)meaning that there is no isotope fractionation due to the direct mechanism.
Now consider the kick-out mechanism. The indirect probabilities can be written as follows: (C.5)and (C.6)In Eqs. (C.5) and (C.6), is the probability of desorption of HXO through the kick-out mechanism, where X is either H or D. Furthermore, PKO(HX1O; HX2O∗) is the probability that HX1O is kicked out after photo-excitation of HX2O, where X1 can either be H or D, and X2 can also be H or D. As for the direct mechanism, we can approximately calculate PKO(HX1O;HX2O∗) from (C.7)The two quantities on the right hand side of Eq. (C.7) have been tabulated for X1 equal to H in Tables 5 and A.3.
Because we have only calculated probabilities that H2O is kicked out, we make the following approximations, The right hand values of Eqs. (C.8) and (C.9) can be directly obtained from Tables 5 and A.3. PKO( HDO; HDO∗) can be computed using the approximation in Eq. (C.10) and using Eq. (C.7) and Tables 5 and A.3.
Inserting Eq. (C.12) in Eq. (C.11) yields (C.13)and inserting Eq. (C.12) in Eq. (C.6) yields (C.14)From Eqs. (C.13) and (C.14), we can derive that (C.15)meaning that there should be no isotope fractionation due to the indirect kick-out mechanism. Taken together, Eqs. (C.4) and (C.15) ensure that the ratio of desorbed HDO over desorbed H2O in the ice is given by (C.16)which means that this ratio is simply equal to the ratio of HDO and H2O in the ice. Therefore, isotope fractionation does not occur for HDO and H2O photodesorption.
© ESO, 2015
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
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CC-MAIN-2020-24
| 8,152 | 23 |
http://vivo.mblwhoilibrary.org/display/publication93260
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math
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The acoustic diffraction by deformed edges of finite length is described analytically and in the frequency domain through use of an approximate line-integral formulation. The formulation is based on the diffraction per unit length of an infinitely long straight edge, which inherently limits the accuracy of the approach. The line integral is written in terms of the diffraction by a generalized edge, in that the "edge" can be a single edge or multiple closely spaced edges. Predictions based on an exact solution to the impenetrable infinite knife edge are used to estimate diffraction by the edge of a thin disk and compared with calculations based on the T-matrix approach. Predictions are then made for the more complex geometry involving an impenetrable thick disk. These latter predictions are based on an approximate formula for double-edge diffraction [Chu et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 3177 (2007)] and are compared with laboratory data involving individual elastic (aluminum) disks spanning a range of diameters and submerged in water. The results of this study show this approximate line-integral approach to be versatile and applicable over a range of conditions.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585025.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016200444-20211016230444-00146.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-43
| 1,179 | 1 |
https://www.hackmath.net/en/math-problem/77314
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math
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Carla bought 3/4 kilogram of fish in the market for 120 pesos. If each piece of fish weighs 1/4 kilogram, how much does each cost?
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CC-MAIN-2022-40
| 3,390 | 35 |
http://www.ask.com/science/can-convert-cubic-feet-square-feet-8312718c60c16e3c
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math
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There is no direct conversion between cubic feet and square feet. Cubic feet refers to the three-dimensional volume of an object. Square feet refers to the surface area. It is possible to determine the square feet of an object's surface area using the dimensions from the cubic feet calculation.Know More
The formula for cubic feet of a typical square or rectangular object is length multiplied by width multiplied by height. Since you just need length and width for square footage, eliminate the height and just note the length and width of the surface area.
Substitute the actual length and width in the formula. If the object is 8 feet tall, 3.5 feet long and 2 feet wide, for instance, the formula is 3.5 x 2.
Determination the result from multiplying length by width. In the example, 3.5 x 2 = 7. Therefore, the object's area is 7 square feet. Since the object's height was 8 feet, its volume is 8 x 7, or 56 cubic feet. However, it is not accurate to say that 56 cubic feet always converts to 7 square feet, as an object that is 14 feet tall, 2 feet long and 2 feet wide also has this same volume in cubic feet, but it has a different area in square feet.
To convert cubic meters to cubic feet, multiply the volume in cubic meters by 35.315 to get the volume in cubic feet. Each cubic meter is approximately equal to 35.3 cubic feet.Full Answer >
To convert feet to square feet for a rectangular area, find the length of the area you are measuring, and multiply it by the width of the area. A square foot is a measurement unit equal to a square that measures one foot on each side.Full Answer >
Square feet cannot be converted into feet because the two units measure different attributes of objects. Square feet are units of measurement for area, the space covered by an object, while feet are units of measurement for length and other measurements of the distance between two points.Full Answer >
Convert square feet into yards by multiplying the length of a space by the width of the space to calculate the area of the space. Divide the sum by 9 to arrive at the square yardage of the space.Full Answer >
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CC-MAIN-2015-35
| 2,112 | 8 |
https://math.wonderhowto.com/how-to/do-chi-square-test-ti-83-graphing-calculator-244059/
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math
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Need to know how to use your Texas Instruments graphing calculator for your college math or statistics class? You're in luck... watch this video tutorial to see how to perform a chi-square test on a TI-83 graphing calculator.
The table on page 30 of your TI Workbook list the levels of education based on age. Test the claim that age and level of education are independent of each other. The data is from
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370509103.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20200402235814-20200403025814-00528.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-16
| 404 | 2 |
http://www.ask.com/web?qsrc=6&o=102140&oo=102140&l=dir&gc=1&q=Calculator
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math
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CC-MAIN-2016-40
| 1,327 | 19 |
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