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62,102,392 |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/HogaTeraBaap/Archive
|
__TOC__
===15 October 2019===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Using IP as sock. See [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Technological_University&diff=next&oldid=920576248. Removing COI templates, adding unreliable sources and promotional content Fylindfotberserk (talk) 13:39, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
I'm not seeing any clear evidence of socking. Yes, a user and an IP reverted the same deletion of text, but there's not enough here to convince me they're the same person. And even if they are, the IP could simply be the user who innocently forgot to log in. -- RoySmith (talk) 12:54, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
I concur with RoySmith on this. Closing without action. Please re-report if it becomes more clear. TheSandDoctor Talk 22:24, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
----
|
[] |
62,102,393 |
File:Golden gate of Ueno Tōshō-gū Shinto shrine, Tokyo, Japan.jpg
|
[] |
|
62,102,394 |
File:2019 European Figure Skating Championships logo.gif
|
==Summary==
==Licensing==
|
[] |
62,102,396 |
Peter Vivian
|
Peter John Philip Vivian (born 5 November 1970) is a retired English hammer thrower.
==Athletics career==
Vivian represented England and won a bronze medal, at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia. He also competed at the 1995 World Championships without reaching the final.
His personal best throw was 71.28 metres, achieved in June 1995 in Villeneuve d'Ascq.
|
[
"Athletics at the 1994 Commonwealth Games",
"1995 World Championships in Athletics – Men's hammer throw",
"1994 Commonwealth Games",
"Villeneuve d'Ascq",
"Commonwealth Games",
"Athletics at the 1994 Commonwealth Games – Men's hammer throw",
"hammer throw",
"British Columbia",
"bronze medal",
"England at the 1994 Commonwealth Games",
"Victoria, British Columbia"
] |
62,102,399 |
Category:Music videos shot in Sweden
|
[] |
|
62,102,400 |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Rackyamudhavan/Archive
|
__TOC__
===12 October 2019===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Vandalism-only account and agenda-driven, is here only for adding unsourced and highly exaggerated box office claims on Mammootty-starring films and vandalising/reducing the reliably sourced box office figures of Mohanlal-starring films. Does it with misleading edit summaries, mostly a "fixed typo" . 2409:4073:2000:A82B:1444:CB3:5A83:FEA7 (talk) 16:51, 12 October 2019 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
I'm going to go ahead and close this case without action. The phrase "fixed typo" as an edit summary used to be a canned edit summary that you could choose when editing from mobile devices, so it is not a very unique trait to use "fixed typo" indiscriminately. While the two accounts here have similar topic interests and the two diffs provided above do appear similar, their gap between their edits is well over a year, and I am not fully convinced after review that the similarities are not coincidental. Gopalan Malkri was already blocked temporarily for adding unsourced content and has not edited since the beginning of the month, so I don't think any further administrative action is needed at this juncture. Mz7 (talk) 07:17, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
----
|
[] |
62,102,402 |
Category:Music videos shot in Stockholm
|
[] |
|
62,102,404 |
Category:21st-century crimes in Australia
|
[] |
|
62,102,407 |
Category:20th-century crimes in Australia
|
[] |
|
62,102,409 |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Thesabrerattler/Archive
|
__TOC__
===12 October 2019===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Red River Showdown has 1-year of ongoing DE from IPs and SPAs. The article received PP in August. The content dispute relates to whether to list Oklahoma/"December 2018" (per clear/unanimous consensus on Talk) or Texas/"October 2018" (IPs/SPAs) as the most recent winner/game date per the article's topic.
JoeLester21 was registered on 2018-12-13 16:42 and 12 mins later makes first/only edit to Texas* Satman 99 99 was registered on 2019-02-07 14:10 and makes an entire section to quarantine the Oklahoma game[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_River_Showdown&type=revision&diff=882205483&oldid=882157217 with no further article edits
Finn500 was registered on 2019-04-28 18:18 and immediately makes a lone Texas editThey return to wiki after 2 months and are quickly blocked for vandalism on another article
Jimmythehamm was registered on 2019-09-02 01:11 and makes 2 edits[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_River_Showdown&type=revision&diff=913593055&oldid=913531609(not Oklahoma/Texas specifically) and then disappears
Jaybird12383 was registered on 2019-10-08 01:02 and makes a lone Texas edit[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=920163192 and then goes dark
Raz65iii was registered 2019-10-10 23:35 and immediately makes 2 edits to Talk re Texas[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Red_River_Showdown&diff=next&oldid=920634229
Thesabrerattler (master?) was registered on 2012-01-27 01:12and is unused for 7+ years, then makes their very first edit to flips to Texas[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=920162222 and continues to do so where 3R and DE on "master" seem clear, but I am trying to resolve the core issue.
The EIU shows a clear 7 min transition between Thesabrerattler to Jaybird12383, then return to Thesabrerattler which also lends to designating as the "master." Understood that some of the above accounts now appear to be abandoned, but the master also appears to resurrect dormant accounts. Cheers, UW Dawgs (talk) 00:10, 12 October 2019 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
The following accounts are :
The remaining accounts are all . Page protection is probably the best way forward in this case. ST47 (talk) 16:03, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
Since the article in question is already protected until February, nothing more to do here. Closing. Mz7 (talk) 16:28, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
To elaborate a little bit, many of the accounts here only submitted a couple edits then never edited again. Given the mild popularity of the topic, I think it’s not implausible that many of these accounts arrived at this article and submitted the edits independently. I agree with ST47 that page protection is likely the best solution at this stage. Mz7 (talk) 23:29, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
----
|
[
"Talk:Red River Showdown",
"Red River Showdown"
] |
62,102,412 |
Wikipedia:Userboxes/Travel/Countries/04
|
The following userbox templates describe your travel in the countries listed.
==Countries visited A–R==
==Countries visited S–Z==
===S===
===T===
===U===
===V===
===W===
===X===
===Y===
===Z===
|
[] |
62,102,413 |
Category:Covered bridges in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
|
Covered bridges in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
|
[
"Philadelphia",
"Pennsylvania"
] |
62,102,414 |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Djtechno95/Archive
|
__TOC__
===10 October 2019===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Identical complex reverts coupled with similar reasoning explaining just one part of the revert. [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/920310973, [https://tools.wmflabs.org/intersect-contribs/index.php?project=enwiki&namespaceFilter=all&users%5B%5D=144.178.8.74&users%5B%5D=Djtechno95&users%5B%5D=&users%5B%5D=&users%5B%5D=&users%5B%5D=&users%5B%5D=&users%5B%5D=&sort=0 Looking at both accounts they seem to make identical edits on the same range of pop culture articles and have received similar warnings on those edits. Gleeanon409 (talk) 21:38, 10 October 2019 (UTC)
I suspect you didn't generate the SPI correctly. You listed the sockmaster under suspected sockpuppets (which I've removed), along with an IP. But, you mention "both accounts". Was there another account you intended to list? -- RoySmith (talk) 03:54, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
Based on the history of Baby You Can't Drive My Car, I'd guess that they meant "both accounts" to mean the registered account and the IP. ST47 (talk) 04:13, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
Yes, sorry. There is another IP, but it’s only made one edit so I didn’t include it. Gleeanon409 (talk) 04:37, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
,
This is another one likely the same person but only one edit on this exact ip. Gleeanon409 (talk) 06:32, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
Looking at the interaction report, it's clear these are the same person; they've got common editing history going back 8 years. However, socking implies intent to decieve, which isn't clear. They could have just innocently forgotten or not bothered to log in. I'm going to WP:AGF, drop a :Template:Uw-login warning on dj's talk page, and close this for now. If they ignore the warning and continue to edit anonymously, that would be good evidence of socking, and you should open another SPI case at that time. -- RoySmith (talk) 14:15, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
----
===04 January 2020===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
As evidenced from the last SPI case, 144.178.8.74 is Djtechno95’s Main IP when not signed in, there is likely some others, if I run across them I’ll add them.
From the last case they were warned to not do it again.
A quick look at both talk pages User talk:144.178.8.74 shows others have had identified this fact, and documented numerous editing problems over time which continue to late last year.
I notice since the SPI warning last year they seem to separate which account is used for which articles instead of a lot of overlap. But this shows there is still crossover. Gleeanon409 (talk) 22:29, 4 January 2020 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
Clearly socking. I'll issue some blocks once I figure out the right plan for the IP. -- RoySmith (talk) 23:49, 4 January 2020 (UTC)
Checkuser note: The IP is to the account. Risker (talk) 00:19, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
thanks for that, but what I was really asking was if there were any issues with blocking the IP due to other activity that I can't see. I'm going to assume the answer to that is, "no", and block 144.178.8.74 (got the copy-paste right that time!) for 6 months. Plus ifdef Djtechno95. -- RoySmith (talk) 01:03, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
That would be a bad call, Roy. The two are not related. When I start comparing their edits, they're clearly not the same people. There's no indication that Djtechno95 is socking technically speaking, and there's no indication that the IP is socking, either. I don't understand the basis for blocking either the IP or the account. Risker (talk) 01:09, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
I'm looking at the interaction timeline between the two. There's a long history of the same articles being edited by Djtechno95 and 144.178.8.74, going back years, covering many different articles. How does this not add up to socking? -- RoySmith (talk) 01:20, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
The interaction tool is just that, a tool; it's not diagnostic of socking. Many of those edits are months if not years apart, and many made closer together are likely to be related to events that occurred in relation to the subject. The quality and nature of the edits is different, the account and the IP are not making the same edits or edit-warring to keep the same information in. Their behaviour does not come across as socking. It comes across as two different people who have similar interests, which is pretty common. Risker (talk) 01:29, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
I still think they are the same as they both made identical complex edits on the same article, I believe within a week. Gleeanon409 (talk) 01:37, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
And others have noted it as well. Gleeanon409 (talk) 01:40, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
Consider edit pairs such as this by Djtechno95 and this by the IP two days later. Exact same change, almost identical edit comments. More generally, looking over the pages edited in common, they share the same taste in music, TV shows, even an interest in Apple computers. And, their interests in particular topics come and go in sync. For example, around 2019-06-15, both of them seemed fascinated with List of Atomic Mass & Def Leppard members. 2018-11-04 was The X Factor (British series 15) day for both of them. For a few days around 2019-07-22 they were both interested in Gump Roast. From what I can see, there's no way these are not the same person. -- RoySmith (talk) 01:56, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
2604:2000:1481:81D9:6034:64A3:1CA3:B691 just started up where the others stopped. Gleeanon409 (talk) 03:27, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
----
===24 October 2020===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Jchau1995 emailed me, asking me to stop Gleeanon409 from protecting the article Baby You Can't Drive My Car. This article had never been edited by Jchau1995, but instead by 81.107.194.51, which made me think Jchau1995 was not making a good-faith request – that Jchau1995 was already involved and worried about being caught again. Last year, the article was one of the hot buttons of the Djtechno95/144.178.8.74 disruption. Djtechno95 was blocked on 5 January and a few hours later, Jchau1995 was registered, which is very suspicious. The interaction tool for Jchau1995 and 81.107.194.51 has the same pattern as the previous one for Djtechno95 and 144.178.8.74. The tool shows that an edit by one may soon be followed by an edit from the other one.The two pairs of users and IPs are tied together by similar edits, for instance the emphasis on failure at the Novelist MC article: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novelist_%28MC%29&type=revision&diff=984200483&oldid=984136024 "commercial failure" vs "commercial failure" vs "commercial failure" vs "failing to chart". Checkuser requested to make certain. Binksternet (talk) 14:00, 24 October 2020 (UTC)
After CU declined, we need a confirmation by way of behavioral analysis. Binksternet (talk) 22:02, 27 October 2020 (UTC)
More behavioral evidence
The diurnal activity pattern of the following four users shares the same period of inactivity, from 0200 to 0800 UTC, consistent with the London locations of the IPs.
https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec/en.wikipedia/Djtechno95
https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec/en.wikipedia/144.178.8.74
https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec/en.wikipedia/Jchau1995
https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec/en.wikipedia/81.107.194.51
Speaking of London, the range Special:Contributions/2A00:23C4:6F84:7100:0:0:0:0/64 appears to be another place where Djtechno95 evades his block. Many edits in the range share the same style and focus as Djtechno95, but this addition to the Novelist MC biography demonstrates the familiar emphasis on failure which is characteristic of Djtechno95 and Jchau1995.
There are many times when one user's edits will be followed by another user's edits at the same article. For instance, at Whole Lotta History, 81.107.194.51 fiddled with the piped links of concerts,after which Jchau1995 came in and fiddled with concert piped links[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whole_Lotta_History&type=revision&diff=985692149&oldid=982360251 and more. Djtechno95 split out a paragraph of background information at The Promise (Girls Aloud song)after which Jchau1995 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Promise_%28Girls_Aloud_song%29&type=revision&diff=984171059&oldid=982891720 expanded the new paragraph. Same interest in the same part of the article, separated by six years.
This interaction tool shows that two registered users and two IP users have remarkable intersections of interest. Djtechno95 and Jchau1995 are surprisingly joined by their activities at The X Factor (British series 15), The Sims 4, The X Factor: Celebrity, The X Factor (British series 13), The X Factor (British series 11), Hysteria (Def Leppard album), Fatboy (EastEnders), The Promise (Girls Aloud song), Shania Twain, and The X Factor (British TV series). This is a fingerprint here, pulling topics from computer games, UK TV, American country music, British hard rock and girls pop music – a uniquely personal pattern of interest. Djtechno95 and Jchau1995 have the same fingerprint. Binksternet (talk) 05:49, 28 October 2020 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
- Archive is stale, and we do not make connections to IPs. -- Amanda (aka DQ) 19:50, 27 October 2020 (UTC)
On hold pending a response from Jchau1995. Callanecc (talk • contribs • logs) 03:59, 4 January 2021 (UTC)
, You placed this on hold, but it's obvious at this point that we're not going to get any response. Any objection if I go ahead with this? The bottom line is it's clear to me that Jchau1995 is the same person as Djtechno95. To start, the huge overlap in articles edited. More than that, they both edited the unusual pair of MacBook Pro and Windows 98. And did I mention that Jchau1995's account was created 9 hours after Djtechno95 was blocked? -- RoySmith (talk) 01:02, 24 February 2021 (UTC)
Callanecc - Any reason why this is still on hold? Can we proceed with the SPI process here? ~Oshwah~(talk) (contribs) 01:53, 26 February 2021 (UTC)
No response from Jchau1995 or Callanecc in several months, so I'm just going to block and tag, as the evidence is convincing enough. Closing. Sro23 (talk) 17:57, 13 March 2021 (UTC)
----
|
[
"Whole Lotta History",
"Baby You Can't Drive My Car",
"Template:Uw-login",
"The Promise (Girls Aloud song)",
"Windows 98",
"List of Atomic Mass & Def Leppard members",
"Gump Roast",
"MacBook Pro",
"The X Factor (British series 15)",
"WP:AGF"
] |
62,102,417 |
2019 Erste Bank Open – Doubles
|
Joe Salisbury and Neal Skupski were the defending champions, but Skupski chose to compete in Basel instead.
Salisbury played alongside Rajeev Ram and successfully defended the title, defeating Łukasz Kubot and Marcelo Melo in the final, 6–4, 6–7(5–7), [10–5].
==Seeds==
==Draw==
===Draw===
==Qualifying==
===Seeds===
===Qualifiers===
Luke Bambridge / Ben McLachlan
===Lucky losers===
Frederik Nielsen / Tim Pütz
===Qualifying draw===
|
[
"Ben McLachlan",
"Neal Skupski",
"Luke Bambridge",
"Hubert Hurkacz",
"Sebastian Ofner",
"Tristan-Samuel Weissborn",
"Tim Pütz",
"Máximo González",
"Andrés Molteni",
"John Peers",
"Denis Shapovalov",
"Pierre-Hugues Herbert",
"2019 Swiss Indoors - Doubles",
"Jürgen Melzer",
"Marcus Daniell",
"Grigor Dimitrov",
"Frederik Nielsen",
"Andrey Rublev (tennis)",
"Bruno Soares",
"Sam Querrey",
"Austin Krajicek",
"Dennis Novak",
"Nicolas Mahut",
"Diego Schwartzman",
"Lucas Miedler",
"Oliver Marach",
"Sander Gillé",
"Karen Khachanov",
"Philipp Oswald",
"Joran Vliegen",
"Dominic Inglot",
"Marcelo Melo",
"Guido Pella",
"Łukasz Kubot",
"Feliciano López",
"Rohan Bopanna",
"Rajeev Ram",
"Mate Pavić",
"Henri Kontinen",
"Joe Salisbury"
] |
62,102,418 |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/92.14.216.40/Archive
|
__TOC__
===10 October 2019===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Self-acknowledged resumption of campaign at Talk:English people, also Talk:Anglo-Saxons; matching geolocation. Mutt Lunker (talk) 10:27, 10 October 2019 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
88.110.104.155 is apparently Glasgow, but I've got different IP Geolocation providers showing me any of Glasgow, Edinburgh, or London for 92.14.216.40. Still, probably reasonable to call it a location match. -- RoySmith (talk) 01:41, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
There's something I don't understand here. Even if these are the same person, why is it socking? If I edit anonymously from two different locations (say, my home and my office), I'll be one person using two different IP addresses. Why would this make me a sock? -- RoySmith (talk) 22:24, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
92.14.216.40 is banned, as an individual, not just the IP address, so editing by any other means is an evasion of this ban and prohibited. Mutt Lunker (talk) 07:59, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
Do you have some specific diffs that support this, especially the "self-acknowledged resumption of campaign"? I'm just seeing two anonymous users in Scotland arguing about Scottish heritage/ethnicity. That doesn't seem like enough to prove they're socks. 92 was editing every day, was blocked on 5 September, and 88 didn't start until five weeks later. I'd be more likely to think they were socks if 88 picked up the same day 92 was blocked. -- RoySmith (talk) 12:26, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
This is the diff that indicates a resumption of their perceived dialogue with me, appended to their earlier series of questions immediately above, under the old IP. Per the ANI leading to their ban, all the current discussions at English people and on my talk page (here and here), they persistently and habitually attribute views that have not been expressed, counter them, then complain that they have had no response (whether there has been one or not). Their new comment refers to their continued displeasure that I have not "address(ed) any of these points".
Aside from this, the overall style of expression is similar, the themes the same, favoured phrases such as "ethnolinguistic groups" and indications of being Scottish or living in Scotland giving their views extra validity. Despite this, 92.14.216.40 characteristically tended towards American spellings and turns of phrase; there are insufficient edits with the new IP to be conclusive but there is a "Hey" as a greeting (uncommon in Scotland), cf this and this with the old IP. Also an "It's gotten", also not very Scottish, so characteristic. Quite a lot of quacking going on. Mutt Lunker (talk) 14:05, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
Reading through the diffs, I'm convinced this is the same person. Blocked for block evasion. -- RoySmith (talk) 22:35, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
----
===26 January 2020===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Pattern of editing at same article talk pages, identified as strong sock suspect several months ago. Has recently resumed puppeteer's campaign at Talk:English people. Geolocation matches. Mutt Lunker (talk) 10:25, 26 January 2020 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
Not sure if Checkuser is going to work with IPs, but I note that both IPs are registered to the same UK based ISP. Here is a diff of an edit from 30 August by the former (indeff blocked) IP. and here is a diff from the current controversy in which the IP admits he has been on about this for years. Another diff from the new IP to a user talk page in October has the new IP saying that he has been here 3 years and refers to his dispute on the Scottish pages that were all under the old IP address. applies and this is clearly the same user, although can only think semi protection of the talk page would work to discourage more IP socking.
My reason for adding to this SPI case, however, is that the latest WP:TEXTWALL in the talk page was in response to a new user's edits, attempting the same edits as this IP had attempted. The new user headed straight for that page and received a warning for disruptive edits. New user is . I assumed good faith in responses to this user, and you may feel it is not appropriate to run a check against this user, but it is certainly within the bounds of possibility that this is a sock of the IP. It is also possible that as the IP admits to three years of editing Wikipedia, that there is an unknown sock master here. -- Sirfurboy (talk) 15:39, 26 January 2020 (UTC)
- please see my comments about the named account before closing. Thanks. -- Sirfurboy (talk) 15:41, 26 January 2020 (UTC)
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
- CheckUser evidence cannot be considered for IP's. Sir Sputnik (talk) 15:31, 26 January 2020 (UTC)
WP:DUCK for another 3 months. Doug Weller talk 21:30, 26 January 2020 (UTC)
----
===11 April 2020===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
WP:DUCK. Per the puppetmaster IP and an earlier sock, edits are largely confined to talk pages, making similar points about race, genetics, ethnolinguistics, largely about "Germanic peoples" and posts are never signed. Similar, or the same, articles ahve been visited. There are specific examples given in debate in common. There is a specific article edit in common.
The following edits may not in themselves be contentious but the diffs indicate the same user is responsible. Some of the diffs are repeated below as they illustrate two or more of the examples.
Removal of the term "celtic" to describe the Scottish people:
new sock puppetmaster [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish_people&diff=prev&oldid=908774278
Specific objection to Henry Morton Stanley being described as Welsh:
new sock puppetmaster [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Scottish_people&diff=prev&oldid=912311363
Posting at the talk page of User:Edin balgarin:
new sock puppetmaster [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Edin_balgarin&diff=prev&oldid=909041233, Advancing genetics as evidence, particularly mention of haplogroup R1b-L21:
new sock (almost every post but these particular examples) [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Germanic_peoples&diff=949421969&oldid=948774953, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Germanic_peoples&diff=next&oldid=949617967
older sock (currently on 3 month ban) [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:English_people&diff=prev&oldid=937586543, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:English_people&diff=next&oldid=937590618
Stating that they, themself, are not celtic:
new sock older sock [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Celtic_nations&diff=prev&oldid=921021582, The new sock, the older sock and the master have all posted at Talk:Anglo-Saxons.
Mutt Lunker (talk) 21:58, 11 April 2020 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
Blocked for 3 months. In the future and for the record, this should be treated as if 92.14.216.40 was blocked indefinitely. Closing. Callanecc (talk • contribs • logs) 04:04, 13 April 2020 (UTC)
----
===26 August 2020===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: [https://tools.wmflabs.org/sigma/editorinteract.py?users= Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Characteristic race post at Talk:English people, per indeffed master and earlier socks, confirmed by geolocation of IP, further confirmed by subsequent post name checking me, referring to earlier discussions and characteristic misattribution of views that was instrumental in their indef. Mutt Lunker (talk) 20:33, 26 August 2020 (UTC)
I can provide individual diffs for the master and earlier sock but any of the posts from Special:Contributions/92.14.216.40 and Special:Contributions/88.110.104.155, on the English people talk page are characteristic. Contributions at other articles are also of a similar tenor, including those at Special:Contributions/81.170.40.71. Mutt Lunker (talk) 20:55, 26 August 2020 (UTC)
Confirmation by sock: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sockpuppet_investigations/92.14.216.40&diff=975138211&oldid=975135383. Mutt Lunker (talk) 00:00, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
Ad Orientem blocked the sock a few days ago, not much else to do here. Closing. GeneralNotability (talk) 12:54, 31 August 2020 (UTC)
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===11 October 2020===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Per WP:QUACK, re-engaging in one of the several threads engaged in by master and various confirmed IP socks at Talk:Scottish people. Taking similar line, same geolocation, similarly not signing posts; similar subject matter and viewpoints reflected in earlier SPIs. Mutt Lunker (talk) 13:07, 11 October 2020 (UTC)
The initial diff for today's talk page edits is this but further confirmation of the disruptive intent has since transpired with this patently bad faith edit to the article itself. Mutt Lunker (talk) 13:14, 11 October 2020 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
IP's blocked already by Materialscientist, regardless of the history there was plenty of just garden-variety disruptive editing. Not much more to do here, marking for close - happy to extend the block or semi-protect the page if this recurs. ~ mazca talk 16:18, 11 October 2020 (UTC)
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===22 October 2020===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
On 11th October I had already filed an SPI re this new IP (see archive) per WP:QUACK: “re-engaging in one of the several threads engaged in by master and various confirmed IP socks at Talk:Scottish people. Taking similar line, same geolocation, similarly not signing posts; similar subject matter and viewpoints reflected in earlier SPIs”.
Per ’s closing comments, the IP was “blocked already by , (for) garden-variety disruptive editing” to the article before any SPI was pursued, with the note “happy to extend the block or semi-protect the page if this recurs”. They’re back.
The initial diff from the talk page last week is this followed by this patently bad faith edit to the article itself. Today’s activity is these forum-style posts, tacked on to a largely unrelated thread and this less patently vandalous but seemingly pointy edit (though I’m unclear as to what the point is) to the article. Mutt Lunker (talk) 20:25, 22 October 2020 (UTC) Mutt Lunker (talk) 20:25, 22 October 2020 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
Clearly the same user, Glasgow-based TalkTalk IPs. I've semi-protected both the article and the talk page for a month, which seems the best option here. ~ mazca talk 23:28, 22 October 2020 (UTC)
(For others reviewing this, the ISP TalkTalk has merged/acquired several other ISPs and continue to use their IP ranges; so "Tiscali UK" and "Opal Telecom" ranges used here are still domestic TalkTalk IPs. This also has the side-effect that we'd have to block about 3% of the internet if we wanted to rangeblock this. ~ mazca talk 23:28, 22 October 2020 (UTC)
----
===22 May 2021===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Per WP:QUACK: similar subject matter and viewpoints reflected in earlier SPIs re race, ethnicity, genetics, language. Similar style, idiolect and in expressions of feigned bafflement at reactions to their edits. Same geolocation, characteristically not signing posts, warring, editing in the middle of the night for geolocation. Currently blocked for a week for disruptive editing. Also take into account recent activity as User: 92.14.210.82. Mutt Lunker (talk) 17:13, 22 May 2021 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
IP has already been given a week off for disruptive editing. Closing. --Blablubbs|talk 20:24, 22 May 2021 (UTC)
----
===12 September 2022===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Per WP:QUACK: similar subject matter and viewpoints reflected in earlier SPIs re race, ethnicity, genetics, language. Overwhelmingly at talk pages, returning to favoured Talk:English people, questioning of existence of Talk:Scottish people, Talk:Scots language, “germanic” themes generally (see edit histories for earlier IP socks as much has been reverted). Similar style, idiolect. Similar apparent geolocation (tends to be closer to Glasgow but does roam Central Belt, sometimes wider), commonly editing in the middle of the night for geolocation. Advancement of outright OR or unwarranted interpretation of sources. Misattribution of views to other editors. Mutt Lunker (talk) 19:09, 12 September 2022 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
No edits in a few days. Not actively disrupting. Closing. TonyBallioni (talk) 16:41, 18 September 2022 (UTC)
----
===29 October 2022===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Same IP range, making edits to article relating to Scotland/England. They are also going through, and reverting edits made by User:Mutt Lunker who has been reporting socks of this editor. BlueNoise (Désorienté? It's just purple) 02:47, 29 October 2022 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
Yeah, seems pretty obvious. Blocked them, and we'll block them again if need be. Drmies (talk) 02:59, 29 October 2022 (UTC)
IP blocked and pages protected, nothing more to do (so far). courtesy ping, closing. DatGuyTalkContribs 19:32, 29 October 2022 (UTC)
----
===22 February 2023===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Usage of strong and demanding language in Talk:2023 and everything related to WP:YEARS. See User talk:TheScrubby#Come back, please, and Talk:2023#A few points... Wikianon2023 is blocked, but included in this SPI due to self-admission. MarioJump83 (talk) 02:02, 22 February 2023 (UTC)
Note that both IP and account is blocked. The only thing is, should the case and archives move into Wikianon2023 if they are proven to be a sockpuppet? MarioJump83 (talk) 09:26, 24 February 2023 (UTC)
Well, I would recommend that the entire case should be moved to Wikianon2023 as to make it easier. They certainly aren't Jim or Scrubby, thank you. MarioJump83 (talk) 22:53, 4 March 2023 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
Based on their words to me under Wikianon2023, they clearly do seem to be well-informed about the recent content disputes on years articles. The user seems to have gained an understanding of the dispute and seem to be standing in solidarity of retired editor TheScrubby (who they list on Scrubby's talk page as an "old foe"). It's most likely that the purported user behind at least Wikianon2023 is one of the people who have most frequently has sided against TheScrubby in debates, and in particular paid special attention to Rosguill's comments on the Long Term Ownership at WP Years discussion (see this permalink to Scrubby's talk page). In their words to me on my talk page (see here), they've also cited other users who "weren't given the chance to defend themselves", and they placed me under an arbitrary tribunal separate from the Wikipedia community. Their comments seem to allude to Jim Michael 2, a user who had his own words used against him and ultimately ended up TBANned from years articles. Whether they are Jim Michael 2 (who has disagreed with Scrubby on some occasions in Years discussions though mostly both of them towed the same philosophy, see Archive 14 of Talk:2022, though the two editors seem to disagree on Vivienne Westwood's discussion), another editor "allied" with Jim Michael, or even Scrubby editing from an IP claiming to be an old foe to reduce his own suspicions, remains yet to be seen. InvadingInvader (userpage, talk) 19:05, 2 March 2023 (UTC)
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
Closing without moving the case, which is long, to the named account. If the clerk wants to do so before the case is archived, that's up to them. Bbb23 (talk) 14:24, 4 March 2023 (UTC)
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===19 May 2023===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Similar use of language in Talk:2023 like previous IPs, plus these IPs has edited articles related to Scotland, something these IPs had done prior to 2023. MarioJump83 (talk) 14:50, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
Added another one. Honestly, you should actively check for 2023 and Talk:2023 at this point through page history, especially if another Scotland-geolocating IPs emerge. I would like to see both of these pages protected for active sockpuppetry. MarioJump83 (talk) 17:45, 23 May 2023 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
Geolocations, idiolect, intemperance of interactions, areas of interest, all fit. Mutt Lunker (talk) 15:57, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
IPs have all been blocked. Closing. Spicy (talk) 19:20, 30 May 2023 (UTC)
----
|
[
"Talk:Scottish people",
"2023",
"Scottish people",
"Talk:2023",
"WP:DUCK",
"English people",
"Talk:Scots language",
"WP:QUACK",
"Talk:English people",
"Talk:Anglo-Saxons",
"WP:TEXTWALL",
"Talk:2022/Archive 14",
"WP:YEARS",
"Henry Morton Stanley"
] |
62,102,423 |
File:Espérance Sportive de Tunis logo.png
|
==Summary==
==Licensing==
|
[] |
62,102,427 |
Category:21st-century crimes in Oceania
|
[] |
|
62,102,429 |
Category:20th-century crimes in Oceania
|
[] |
|
62,102,436 |
Gastaldi
|
Gastaldi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Andrea Gastaldi (1826–1889), Italian painter
Bartolomeo Gastaldi (1818–1879), Italian geologist and palæontologist
Ernesto Gastaldi (born 1934), Italian screenwriter
Giacomo Gastaldi (c. 1500–1566), Italian cartographer, astronomer and engineer
Giantommaso Gastaldi (1597–1655), Italian Roman Catholic bishop
Girolamo Gastaldi (1616–1685), Italian Roman Catholic cardinal
Nicol Gastaldi (born 1990), Argentine alpine skiers
Román Gastaldi (born 1989), Argentine decathlete
Sebastiano Gastaldi (born 1991), Argentine alpine skier
Valeria Gastaldi (born 1981), Argentine singer
|
[
"Girolamo Gastaldi",
"Gastaldi synthesis",
"Bartolomeo Gastaldi",
"Román Gastaldi",
"Ernesto Gastaldi",
"Andrea Gastaldi",
"Nicol Gastaldi",
"Sebastiano Gastaldi",
"Giacomo Gastaldi",
"Giantommaso Gastaldi",
"Valeria Gastaldi"
] |
62,102,442 |
Category:Covered bridges in Adams County, Pennsylvania
|
Covered bridges in Adams County, Pennsylvania.
|
[
"Adams County, Pennsylvania"
] |
62,102,448 |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Yfudspuofg/Archive
|
__TOC__
===08 October 2019===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Similar vandal edits to Kudzu within a few hour window - change to opening name (Kudzu->Kusi or Kuzi), addition of "arrowroot" in text. KNHaw (talk) 04:50, 8 October 2019 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
Checking but basically WP:DUCK. Mkdw talk 02:15, 9 October 2019 (UTC)
and .
is . Possibly WP:MEAT. Behavioural evidence needs evaluation. Mkdw talk 02:23, 9 October 2019 (UTC)
The Kudzu -> kudzi pattern (Myneamjeff1754r89 vs Asdufoiasdf) makes me think sock. -- RoySmith (talk) 01:21, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
Myneamjeff1754r89 looks like throw-away account, no edits since the report. I'm closing this. Vanjagenije (talk) 22:18, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
----
|
[
"Kudzu",
"WP:MEAT",
"WP:DUCK"
] |
62,102,452 |
Draft:Voyager Space Holdings
|
Voyager Space Holdings is an American space company founded in 2019 by Dylan Taylor. Soon after, Voyager began acquiring companies beginning with spacecraft components manufacturer Altius Space Machines in 2020.
By of June 2024, Voyager had acquired Altius Space Machines, Pioneer Astronautics, The Launch Company, Nanoracks, Valley Tech Systems, Space Micro, and Zin Technologies.
With the Starlab project, Voyager is one of three companies funded through the NASA Commercial LEO Destinations program program to deliver a commercially-funded successor to the ISS after its planned deorbit in 2030.
Through its acquisitions, the company is now a leader in space technology and in commercial space stations
with locations across the United States as well as in Dubai.
==Technology initiatives==
=== Starlab ===
Starlab is planned to be the first continuously crewed permanent commercial space station. In 2023, Starlab LLC. was established as a joint venture between Voyager Space, Airbus, Mitsubishi, and MDA. The station is planned to serve as a hub for Low Earth Orbit research and home to the George Washington Carver Science Park.
The interior of the Starlab station will be designed in partnership with Hilton Hotels & Resorts.
=== Bishop Airlock ===
The Nanoracks Bishop Airlock is a commercially-funded airlock module launched to the International Space Station on SpaceX CRS-21 on 6 December 2020. It was berthed to the Tranquility module on 19 December 2020 by the Canadarm2. The module was built by Nanoracks, Thales Alenia Space, and Boeing. It is used to deploy CubeSats, small satellites, and other external payloads for NASA, Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS), and other commercial and governmental customers. The airlock also serves as a site for technology maturation as well as a brand new way to dispose large pieces of trash.
|
[
"small satellite",
"Airbus",
"International Space Station",
"Tranquility (ISS module)",
"Dylan Taylor (executive)",
"Mobile Servicing System",
"Boeing",
"NASA",
"MDA (company)",
"Thales Alenia Space",
"Altius Space Machines",
"SpaceX CRS-21",
"Commercial use of space",
"Hilton Hotels & Resorts",
"Mitsubishi",
"Center for the Advancement of Science in Space",
"airlock",
"Nanoracks",
"CubeSat",
"Commercial LEO Destinations program"
] |
62,102,454 |
Beatrice Irwin
|
Beatrice Irwin (July 16, 1877, Dagshai, India - March 20, 1953, San Diego, California,) was an actress, poet, designer and promoter of the Baháʼí Faith. Born Alice Beatrice Simpson, she took Beatrice Irwin as her stage name and later adopted it as her real name.
After her family moved to Scotland and then to England, she attended Cheltenham Ladies' College where she graduated 1895 and took the Associate in Arts test in which she placed 5th for that year. She went on through a series of careers starting with being an actor in stage theatre which took her to Cape Colony, as it was known then, touring America, briefly in the then young country of Australia, and performed in Shanghai. Next she published a book of poetry and some poems were published in different venues. Neither careers were very successful but some of her work was considered pioneering particularly when she blended them with an intentional use of colored illumination. She met, admired, and was encouraged by, the French sculptor Auguste Rodin. Having had some contact with theosophists before 1910 she then also encountered a Sufi leader, Inayat Khan, and then head of the Baháʼí Faith, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, a religion she increasingly identified with. Her success with color led to a specialization and burgeoning career she named as an Illuminating Specialist including patenting a specific lighting fixture and writing a text The New Science of Colour partly relating to Color psychology. After her Baháʼí pilgrimage in 1930 to see then head of the religion Shoghi Effendi, and his initiation of plans to implement the Tablets of the Divine Plan by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá for which she had already shown actions, she devoted much of her later years to promoting the religion in Central and then South America before going on to Mallorca in her last years before returning to San Diego where she died. While she was increasingly occupied with those endeavors, her work in color, particularly from the New Science of Colour, was taken in with great interest by some Australian artists - Roy de Maistre and most particularly Grace Cossington Smith - though largely from a theosophist understanding.
==Biography==
===Early life===
Beatrice Irwin's maternal grandfather John Hall married Lucy Campbell Hackshaw in 1847. Hall was in the British Army and was a freemason. Their youngest daughter Alice, was born 1852 in what was then called Bombay, India, and she grew up and married Anglican minister Rev. William Simpson, then serving in India, in 1873. Together they served in several locations ultimately in Dagshai, India, in the far north in the border range of mountains before the Himalaya where both daughters were born. This was during the British Raj amidst the period of the Great Famine of 1876–1878 which began in regions to the south and west and spread north. Their second daughter, Alice Beatrice Simpson, later known as Beatrice Irwin, was baptized in nearby Kasauli in August, 1877, born July 16. Around the time of her birth William was appointed to serve in Roorkee, William Simpson may have died . and lived on investments trusts for the ladies who then bought a house together and all the family lived there.
Meanwhile Beatrice had finished her education at Cheltenham when she was about 18 years old, which granted her the official title of Associate in Arts from Oxford University, but which was not a degree directly based on attending it. In fact of those who took the exam by the fall of 1895 she placed 5th overall and 65th in English. She had definitely entered theatre productions in England and then went to what was then called Cape Colony, a decade or so before becoming the Union of South Africa, under the productions of Henry Irving and Ellen Terry in some comedies on into November with a good review in August in the play "The Importance of Being Earnest".
===Theatre===
Irwin was returned to London by June 1899 in a theatre production. In October she was in the Irving-Terry theatre company from London coming to New York, during the presidency of William McKinley, (before his re-election and subsequent assassination,) performing with a set of plays. Bram Stoker was the company manager. Most of the company and material came over on the steamer Marquette shipping with sets for the suite of plays while a few came on the RMS Etruria. As the company productions moved to Washington, D.C., there were brief positive statements of Irwin's acting. The company continued performances touring into May, 1900. While Irwin was touring America her sister and family moved to Hong Kong. By October in America the company had returned to London and Irwin was acting in another play, "Mrs Dane's Defence” in Wyndham's Theatre. Reviews were somewhat mixed: "Good acting one expects to find at Mr. Wyndham's theatre; and finds. Saving the impossible Scotch accent of Miss Beatrice Irwin, which is less characteristic of Miss Janet Colquhoun's reputed race than her general air of sense and steadiness,…" though her acting was again positively commented on as well. Irwin was also in another play "Still Waters Run Deep" in December. Many of the Simpson family including Beatrice gathered for the winter of 1901 in London,
In February, 1902, Irwin was in another London play "The New Clown” in London though by March she was not in the play. She also returned to "Mrs. Dane's Defence" for performances. The play had been staged in London - at the Haymarket Theatre - and there was a picture published of the play including Irwin in the Garrick Theatre. Irwin arrived in America on the SS Philadelphia (as it was called then) in late August. The play continued to make news in September partly with notice of the debut of the Earl of Rosslyn as an actor with positive comment of Irwin's acting by Kate Carew and others. And there were other plays of the troupe.
In mid-October came news of Irwin's engagement to James Francis Harry St Clair-Erskine, that Earl of Rosslyn. Early coverage of the betrothal noted Beatrice Irwin was her stage name and her father was the former Rev. William Simpson of Scotland. Rumors of another suitor who left the play at the time also circulated. News of the betrothal was widespread, and a reception was held. Another play of the time was "His excellency the Governor”. The troupe continued their tour though by November the Earl had left, while praise for the play and positive comment of Irwin continued. There is occasional mention of her as Beatrice Simpson. In December the Earl took a trip on the Etruria from Liverpool back to New York at which time he was looking for another play to be in and said the betrothal was not firm. Meanwhile Beatrice's sister Elaine and her family moved to Shanghai during the year. which again Kate Carew liked but was not overly impressed by, though it got a standing ovation, while the company continued touring widely. But news comes in mid-February Irwin resigned from the company and joined a company established by her beau, sometimes it is even said husband, and the first play is "The Young Miss Pettifer”. The company made it into Canada and again Irwin was pictured in the newspaper. Some newspapers were still taking note of the stage name and family. However by mid-March she has declined the betrothal. She immediately left the company and sailed to England/Europe actually leaving just after mid-March, though he soon followed, while word of the engagement was still spreading west. Come August Irwin returned from Europe now in another play “The Admirable Crichton”. There was a break and then the return of Irwin in mid-October, and production of the play resumed. But she fainted twice in productions at the end of 1903 and early 1904, and resigned from the performance in February. In March and April 1905 that Earl announced being wedded to someone else.
Where Irwin was from spring 1904 to spring 1906 is as yet unstated. In later April 1906 Irwin was briefly mentioned seeking information on an Irvine family history from a home in eastern London. In June she is noted in the cast of a jubilee performance for Ellen Terry in London. Again a year passes without detail - until her grandmother Lucy died. and the first performance does take place in mid-September in Sydney. She may well have traveled with her mother. She also mentioned being in Paris the previous Christmas (thus late 1906.) About then she also says she has some knowledge of French, German, Chinese and Japanese theatre, (during some trip home to Britain from America via Asia at some point, perhaps in 1904-6) - of which she preferred French first, but also noted the Japanese style favorably. Indeed she actually later claimed to have done a performance in Shanghai, She had kin in Sydney, and her picture was published. Her first performance in Melbourne was positively reviewed, but by early October there rumors of problems, limited roles even if she was judged successful by some and not by others or just publishing her picture. By the end of October it is clear she is ill, by one report a nervous breakdown, or also described as fainting on stage during a performance, sought medical advice, and returned to England in November. Another actress from the same company lasted only a little longer. There is nothing visible of Irwin in 1908 as yet identified and in 1909 the only mention yet found is on a list of professional and stage names. It may be during this time that Charles Webster Leadbeater had an influence on Irwin's future work through his and Annie Besant's 1901 Thought-Forms, reprinted in 1905, that has a chapter "The Meaning of Colours" and several colored paintings and attributed meanings.
=== Poetry and theatre ===
In March, 1910, Irwin makes her first known appearance publishing a poem in America:Out into the world of men
Let me go;
Love and pity dwell not there -
That I know.
What wouldst find, then, in the world -
Renown?
To its heartbeat Iʼd tune
Mine own Irwin is again listed in a review of stage names in March in America. Her first poem is soon echoed.
This new publicity starts noting her activity when a London literary club elected her an honorary member and hoping to expand its presence in the US. She was again interviewed, this time noting her education and recalled meeting Terry. She is noted favorably in a production in the Ben Greet Players at the Garden Theatre from April, while a poem appeared in print in May. After a break over the summer Irwin returns to the newspapers in September with a poem and then in November with mention she will be in the play “The Scarecrow” back in DC in December.
However, the same week that news is announced, she has a one-woman performance in New York with the quality of color illumination featured as a key part of the performance appearing in perhaps 21 costumes of women from around the world. The most widespread review included a black and white picture and lurid commentary. However Richard Le Gallienne wrote a favorable defense of her performance piece in a letter to the editor of the New York Times. He also revealed he has reviewed Irwin's forthcoming book of poetry.
===Baháʼí Faith===
Timed with Irwin's coming visibility her mother Alice requested the book The Life and Letters of Sir John Hall be published. She performed into later January, but a few days before February she resigns from the London performance of "The Scarecrow” for reason of illness.
Mention of her poetry surfaces again in May, and October. Amidst this period, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, then head of the Baháʼí Faith was known in his first journeys to the West and already in communication with theosophical circles while in Britain.
How she became connected with the Baháʼís is unclear. She writes of her second interview with ʻAbdu'l-Bahá:On this occasion I asked for Abdul-Baha's opinions upon psychic development, which (ed - within her understanding then,) is so essential a feature of Hindu and Sufi philosophies. His reply was guarded, but on the whole he was not in favour of mystic experiments, as he pointed out that, in order to be valuable, such experiments must be profound, and that the practical conditions of life in the West did not usually afford the time and patience necessary to such researches. Again, it was the practical note that dominated the discourse of this Eastern seer, for he insisted that, at the present juncture, general spiritual development was more needed than individual psychic culture, and that those who could grasp and spread the Bahai teachings would be paving the way to conditions whose outcome will be the universal psychic unfoldment towards which humanity is trending.
ʻAbdu'l-Bahá was in Paris August to December, 1911. By December she is credited with being in audience of presentations of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in Paris. She was described by early Baháʼí Laura Clifford Barney saying: "Beatrice Irwin, a blond, young intellectual, had come to Paris to study her profession…. She had an unusual gift for color and for the use of light and shadow…. To her, beauty was an expression of spirituality. When ʻAbdu'l-Baha came to stay in Paris he held small gatherings…. Beatrice Irwin was often present." and others. and it was advertised in Britain. It has sections "Plastic poems", "Colour poems", "Tone Poems", "The Music of Japan", and "Songs of the Elements". He credits her with introducing him to literary circles “at Monico by the Port's Club… (and) Lord Dunsany… who was very much interested in the symbology of Sufi poetry.” She, in turn, referenced Sufi ideas about color in 1915 saying "the Persian Sufis had four 'Schools of Color,' in which they developed their perceptions. Gold was devoted to development through the understanding of beauty, green was dedicated to piety, black to intellect and wisdom, white to ecstasy and inspiration. So, through varying ages and lands, we find man possessing a subconscious and a conscious knowledge of the value of color, and modern science is daily proving the truth of the ancient hermetic teachings." Irwin mentions "I have also met a composer who has entered into the color thought in relation to music, and with whom I have collaborated on as score which is now complete"(ed: by 1915).O comble neigeux de mon désir,
Eternelle Aube que je respire,
Je suis ton soleil.
Je cherche lon sein aveugle de joie
Tu es le repos. Inspire-moi
Mon surprême réveil!
Laisse-toi te fondre sous ma chaleur
Eteins ma fievre dans ta pâleur
Terrestre merveille
In April Pagan Trinity was also available in New York. She dedicated it to Auguste Rodin and included several poems about Rodin pieces and was reviewed in a number of literary venues with mixed appreciation. She had met Rodin at some point, perhaps –1912, in a spring day, of which she wrote after his death. Then she reprised her Color Poem performance in London in May, also relating her book. That performance is followed by another this time with harp accompaniment and that gives rise to another performance and indeed a few are done into June. There is a reference to a brief negative review of her performance originally in June, 1912.
The year closes with a review of her book of poems in the Occult Review.
====1913 with ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in Paris====
Early in 1913 ʻAbdu'l-Bahá returned to Europe and spoke with theosophist-connected painter John Duncan while in Scotland. Early Baháʼí Fanny Knobloch remembered Irwin in 1913 in Paris among 80 present at a talk of his first translated by Hippolyte Dreyfus into French and then ʻAbdu'l-Bahá asked spontaneously the surprised Irwin to present the translation in English for the Americans present. She was daily with ʻAbdu'l-Bahá from March 23. He had been there from late January for a couple months.
She later said: "Abdul-Baha, the great Persian seer and the present leader of the Bahi(sic) movement, has said that we should live in our bodies as in a crystal case, through which we can see clearly on all sides; but, he pithily adds, 'No one can dust the outside of this case but ourselves!'"
====War, London, and America; the New Science of Colour====
In early 1914 Irwin's brother was sent to West Africa, returned in 1915 and was a soldier fighting in Belgium and France but from May 1917 he a gunnery instructor and then in November he was sent to Italy. It speaks of encouraging her to publish the letter he wrote saying in part about the burgeoning war: "O people!… Hasten ye, hasten ye, perchance ye may become able to extinguish with the water of the new-born ideas of spiritual democracy and celestial freedom, this many-flamed, world-consuming fire, and through your heaven-inspired resolution you may usher in the golden era of international solidarity and world confederation." In January 1915 a poem "Lotus" was published in New York state, and another poem of hers was also published in Sacramento in April, and May.
By July 31 she was among several writers invited from wide geographies for a reception in San Francisco. This was followed in October–November by notices that she was giving demonstrations of her studies on the art and science of color at the Norway pavilion of the San Francisco Panama–Pacific International Exposition across 3 days and included promoting her new book The New Science of Color. She won a bronze medal for her presentations. By this time she could say she was "Born in India, the nomadic spirit of the Orient is strong in my veins. I have lived in England, America, Africa, China, and France successively, and I have visited Australia, Japan, Germany, Italy, and Belgium, so I can claim fairly an international area of observation."
In 1916 coverage of Irwin's The New Science of Color began first locally following her appearance to the south now in San Diego where she aided in relief fundraising due to a flood, (see Charles Hatfield,) and a poem of hers was included in The Architecture and the Gardens of the San Diego Exposition program of the Panama–California Exposition. National publicity specifically on The New Science of Color occurred in March and carried on into early 1917. Some time between February and November Irwin went to Central America for a time promoting the Baháʼí Faith, and by November she was in Paternson, New Jersey, presenting at a silk convention. Coverage continued sporadically of her work and calling her a "Color Scientist" and of her "… she doesn't merely do the usual things in a different way. Instead she has chosen a whole field of her own", even while some of Irwin's poetry was published in various places. Coverage of Irwin's work on color continued, but she sold her rights to the book in later January, 1917.
====Old work and new work====
Her earlier work in “Color Poem” was more often called pioneering in spring 1917 and thereafter. Some of her written poems were published too. She presented at the New York Eclectic Club for women on "Color Hygiene in the home" in mid-February, and by later April advertised for students of her work, and gave a Baháʼí talk about timed with the Baháʼí observance of Ridván. While some coverage of her work associated her book with occultists and clairvoyants others commented about her showing up in the summer technical/engineering meetings, which then became specific applied technologies of hers for which she had applied for patents that were eventually granted refining the technology of Chinese and Japanese colored lanterns. Others picked up her concern about color in the treatments of disease in Britain, as well as further coverage in the news back in California. Irwin debuted her (patent pending) Colour Filter Illumination at the Color Symposium in New York on October 11, 1917, Papers collected for the symposium were later published. And these included a panel of the contributors to share comments about various aspects of the field including Color psychology. In particular there was an exchange between Matthew Luckiesh and Irwin: Irwin wrote of his art experienced partly from her visit to his home, specifically his Man with the Broken Nose, Monument to Balzac, and The Gates of Hell but mentioned others as well, "all massed together in diversity whose underlying unity was overwhelming, complete, the unity of new art, of spiritual beauty.… It is the balanced expression of these seemingly divergent qualities, the saintly fervour and the pagan calm, that constitutes the keynote, the power, the wonder of Rodin's art, and that reveal the man himself as a great pagan mystic." and it has been mentioned many decades later. Meanwhile her work on color also was being picked up by others.
Irwin was a "special lecturer" with the Chalif Normal School of Dancing in New York, (see Louis Harvy Chalif,) since May 1918 and on through December 1919. Irwin also appeared photographed in the Ladies Home Journal in a staged piece entitled "the after-the-war woman in a new field". There was also coverage in San Diego that she had opened a studio in New York, and the repeat of a talk referencing her work was noted too.
In 1919 she noted she had done lighting for a couple events: an unnamed event at the Ritz-Carlton Ballroom and another at the Hotel McAlpin which hosted the Baháʼí Convention using her "Irwin Color Filter System". This would have been the convention that hosted the presentation of the whole set of the Tablets of the Divine Plan to the Baháʼí community in America. Irwin also joined in the mass August letter to ʻAbdu'l-Bahá for a return to America where she is noted from Brooklyn. Her work advancing into the profession of lighting including coverage of her work and another presentation at an Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) conference in October.
In January 1920 she attended a reception in her honor in Washington, D.C., by early DC Baháʼí Louise Dixon Boyle, wife of building engineer Eldridge Roger Boyle. Irwin also joined in a women's chapter of the American Association of Engineers meeting in New York at the Cosmos Club in the spring. Later in October she was visible among a select few Baháʼís meeting on the question of the incorporation of the Spiritual Assembly, the local governing unit of the community, in New York. This was held amidst a series of Baháʼí meetings held from December 1920 to October 1922 or so, with among others Mary Hanford Ford. She may have found a kindred spirit on the importance of color, and in general in painting, in Ford as well as a circumstance of community engagement. Ford had joined the religion some 20 years earlier and long been a speaker on paintings and the use of color. Another early American Baháʼí who explored interests in color, and also one using a stage name, was Orcella Rexford. Irwin could have also been aware of or met the early and prominent Baháʼí Lua Getsinger who also had had a profound interest in color. In July a newspaper covered Irwin's color technology.
Meanwhile she wrote an article published in The Occult Review reviewing her own work in the engineering societies, her thoughts on the medical applications of colored illumination, and the importance of it in hospital settings. By late 1920 her book was being promoted on a wider scale and she was presenting light fixture models in The Atlanta Constitution.
==== Baháʼí circles and color demonstration====
In 1921 her activity in New York in Baháʼí circles is noted a couple of times working with Urbain Ledoux and others, and her book advertised, while she presented "Color Effects in Lighting" to the Buffalo electrical illumination convention and announced a brand of lighting fixtures she was promoting in February which was then covered in a trade journals and newspaper. This presentation was noted especially: "For the first time in the history of the Association a convention was addressed by a woman when Miss Beatrice Irwin, an Associate in Arts of Oxford University in England, a member of the IES and the author of several books, one of which is entitled The New Science of Color, spoke on 'Color Effects in Lighting.' Miss Irwin has made a scientific study of all forms of color and is now applying the results of her knowledge to electric lighting. The main features of her talk appear elsewhere in this issue." Irwin was introduced to the convention by William L. Goodwin, a major figure in the National Electric Light Association and the resulting crowd at her demonstrations "elbowed their way" to watch. She was credited with an Associate degree of Arts of Oxford and a Fellow of the Illuminating Engineering Society. Her book New Science was in its fourth edition. Goodwin underscored her work partly because it was a new entry into the discipline and necessarily brought innovation in styles where most practitioners tended to imitate each other. "Miss Irwin's work has reached the point where she now has something definite..." By 1922 she was publicized as a member of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. That and her production of colored light shades was echoed. Amidst that she also continued to present at meetings like in early April 1922 at an opera trust.
That year she also attended some of the later events of Arthur Conan Doyle's work in spiritualism, and a book by the Earl's now divorcé notes his persistence and other qualities. Irwin made reference to giving exhibitions in Paris and would have been later 1922 and into 1923. her approach on the effects of color were again cited in the newspapers, and again in The Occult Review in December.
A collection of letters from ʻAbdu'l-Bahá to Dr. Susan Moody was given to Irwin in later summer 1924. Mention of her "Irwin Color Filter System" had made it to the attention of Wellesley Tudor Pole, another early person with strong Baháʼí and theosophic interests who shared her work with a friend.
On 12 November 1924 Irwin spoke at the founding meeting of the British Electrical Association for Women held at 1 Upper Brook Street, the home of Lady Katharine Parsons, and organised by Caroline Haslett. Attendees were leading figures in the world of engineering and women's organisations, and Irwin is quoted as giving "a delightful picture of the American Labour-saving home" as part of the discussion.
In 1925 she was noted "of Paris" or "of Greece" now returned and come to California where she gave a few talks through the fall and winter, while again a newspaper article reviewed her work in color illumination technology. Her activity in California continued the next couple years with various kinds of receptions and talks she gave either as a writer or on her theme of color and its affects. Amidst the coverage she given a reception in San Francisco area by women's poetry groups.
In 1928 Lord Rosslyn came out with another book himself and briefly mentions Irwin. Meanwhile Irwin exhibited at the Long Beach Pacific Southwest Exposition at which she won a gold medal, and was adding profession consultations in city planning and other performances in California. and on into 1929. A book of hers was contributed to library in Hawaii. Meanwhile she was traveling to Europe where she performed her Colour Poem in the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition She arrived on the original RMS Mauretania, and arrived in Haifa March 10. In her text Gates of Light she includes a picture of the Shrine of the Báb taken in April. "In spite of modernization and colonialization the Holy Land still exhales an ineffable calm, and the deep gladness of unutterable things. Here the mysteries of spirit and matter mingle, and are poised in a balance that presages a new world order." In it she refers to the Baháʼís directly and includes pictures of two Baháʼí-related installations she did in Haifa. She says:In the West, we do not consider religion as an integral part of life, probably because our scientific education makes it impossible for us to accept reasonably the dogmatic theories or orthodoxies which narrow men's thirst for the infinite down to their own particular measurements. The message of the Bahai[sic] Revelation which came through the Persian prophet Baha'ullah[sic] (1866) is most in keeping with our modern outlook, since its fundamentals enjoin the union of Religion with science, universal religious tolerance, international parliaments and the absolute equality of men and women. In November she was noted in the journal Nature giving a talk for the Electrical Association for Women in New York; she also aided founding a chapter in England. "One of the most revivifying and vitalizing aspects of the Baháʼí Revelation is its presentation of religion as a cooperative liberator into a larger life, a constant invocation to the 'investigation of reality,' and to a fuller self-expression, through the use of the word do rather than the dont which is usually associated with religious ceremonial.… the Báb, Baháʼu'lláh and ʻAbdu'l-Baha (sic), have provided us with a magic lamp of guidance with which to illumine the obscure and arduous road! That lamp is cooperation - material and spiritual…." in June is noted returning from London with her home listed in Hollywood, California, in October was in a New York exhibition, and then in the New York Baháʼí Center giving a talk with Martha Root. Irwin was also recalled in early theatre development.
====Books and lectures====
A year later the new book The Gates of Light was circulated more in the news, she was giving lectures in California, and around the same time a poem of hers was published in a Sufi periodical. In 1933 some of her work was noted as a co-exhibitor in the "House of Tomorrow", (the Wieboldt-Rostone House,) in 1933 for color filter illumination in the master bedroom, and a brief article on the color green was published in a Sufi periodical, and for the November issue of the American Theosophist Irwin wrote a poem piece in honor of Annie Besant who had died in September.
In March 1934 Irwin was noted giving talks about the Baháʼí House of Worship on radio stations in Chicago, Cleveland and New York across a few weeks, and is noted returned from Bermuda in late February. In April she was giving a Baháʼí talk in Brooklyn. In early May she is noted returning from Bermuda. Irwin was in a list of speakers on the Baháʼí House of Worship in the Chicago area during the year.
In 1935 Irwin's mother who had been chronically and acute ill some time died in January. She was noticed in Cleveland in November 1935.
Irwins returned to San Diego in January 1936 giving Baháʼí talks though the first talk's venue was moved. She spoke again that summer. Irwin contributed an article “The modern miracles of Palestine” in Baháʼí World volume 6 published later in 1937. It outlines the condition of Palestine through recent history and the arrival and lives of Baháʼu'lláh and the burgeoning community and takes it up into the 1930s and the transformation of agriculture, turning the Dead Sea into a source of potash and bromine used in products and dyes, industrialization and buildings, universities, the port at Haifa and oil pipelines, doubling populations, electrification and museums.
====Baháʼí tours====
However Shoghi Effendi wrote a telegraph cable on May 1, 1936, to the Baháʼí Annual Convention of the United States and Canada, and asked for the systematic implementation of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's vision from the Tablets of the Divine Plan to begin. In his cable he wrote:
"Appeal to assembled delegates ponder historic appeal voiced by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in Tablets of the Divine Plan. Urge earnest deliberation with incoming National Assembly to insure its complete fulfillment. First century of Baháʼí Era drawing to a close. Humanity entering outer fringes most perilous stage its existence. Opportunities of present hour unimaginably precious. Would to God every State within American Republic and every Republic in American continent might ere termination of this glorious century embrace the light of the Faith of Baháʼu'lláh and establish structural basis of His World Order."
Following the May 1 cable, another cable came on May 19 calling for permanent pioneers to be established in all the countries of Latin America. The Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly of the United States and Canada appointed the Inter-America Committee to take charge of the preparations.
In later 1936 Irwin joined in these plans of promulgating the religion first by giving talks on the religion in Southern California and then going on into Mexico. Irwin initially teamed up with Marion Holley, and then left for Mexico near February, 1937, where she was noted by May in Mexico City, and spent some six months. See Baháʼí Faith in Mexico. All this despite not being fluent in Spanish, but at the suggestion of Shoghi Effendi. and wrote an article "Mexico's peace-poet and king" published in the Baháʼí magazine World Order lauding Nezahualcoyotl and the native preservation of arts against mass production however much the town of Texcoco was itself plain. She mentioned having visited in June and then on into the more beautiful Texcotzingo. Then she quotes a translated native poem found which she compared to the Psalms of David and chants of Akhnaton.
She also extended talking of Mexico starting in January 1938 into April in San Francisco. She remained in the area giving talks as well as writing articles, amidst which she also published a booklet Heralds of Peace. A reviewer in San Francisco called it "a melange of brief essays and verse on the general subject of peace as illuminated by the teachings of the Persian, Abdul Baha[sic]." which was the establishment before the Bosch Baháʼí School. A poem she wrote about the Báb was published in World Order that summer as well, while another was published in a Missouri newspaper. She had also taken the opportunity around then to visit several California cities, going back to London in August during which point she was interviewed by BBC Radio where she was able to comment about the Baháʼí Temple, before returning to the US in mid-November. In December she began giving monthly talks at the Brooklyn Baháʼí Center starting in December, then January, and then in March, before writing another article for World Order on peace, where she writes about the perception of peace being a pattern in order to becoming a soul-based perception and a needed universalism and not just one of externalities while the world was suffering from its lack. Meanwhile she traveled around in New England, the Wilmette area, and then back to California, where she arrived by November and gave a talk on Mexico.
In October 1940 Irwin was in Albuquerque with a model of the Temple giving a talk, and was soon visible in several California cities. In later December she was visible in back in Phoenix. She managed to visit an Inter-American conference at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles in January, 1941, but largely was in the Phoenix area through December. Meanwhile she was naturalized as a citizen of the US back in March, and her work on Heralds of Peace was among the materials encouraged in a Baháʼí project in the southwest. But in the middle of 1941 she went to Rio de Janeiro in June, returned from Santos in early October, It is known she visited with Baháʼí pioneer Leonora Armstrong and getting some professional work done. A year later she wrote an article about her experience in Brazil in World Order, speaking of the relatively modern peace seeking civilization of the country and of a period of relatively mild colonialization process. She elaborated she was a traveling "good will correspondent" finding a meeting hall that regularly discussed the ideas of Auguste Comte and spoke with the Oslwaldo Cruz Institute, as it was then called, and though the countryside was to her eyes "poor and backward" it was also "devoid of beggary" and generally the country was at the time "free of tension, suspicion and fear".
She was in Brooklyn in January 1942 where she gave a couple talks, before going to DC reviewing some of her trips with slides. By May she was in Los Angeles for some talks on Baháʼí subjects and meetings into the summer. She also wrote a letter to the editor of the LA Times "North Africa - land of magic" in November. Though starting with mention of the war coverage and trade relations America had with the region and their support for America, it shifts to a tourist experience of modernized cities and ports and especially in Morocco and generally of French influence. Meanwhile Irwin contributed a poem on the Báb to volume 8 of The Baháʼí World, another in honor of Martha Root, was credited as an American contributing to the efforts of the Baháʼís in England, and she contributed an article entitled The New Citizenship. She observes that citizenship was "of the man who would subordinate his personal interests and welfare to that of the community. The citizen, then, was one who through ability and unselfishness built up those cities of antiquity which have bequeathed their rich legacies of education, culture and morality to our day," Noting that travel was limited during war time, she appeared again there in February 1944. She also contributed to and commented on in several parts of Baháʼí World volume 9.
In 1945 Irwin's poem "Day of God" was published in the February edition of World Order, while she was in the Los Angeles area giving a talk. She took part in the effort for the recognitions of the religion with the UN in 1945. Her article "The New Civilization" was published in World Order the same time. During the year she is known to have consulted with the committee managing the Baháʼí House of Worship at Wilmette. By mid-January 1947 she was visible in Los Angeles again.
A year later in late 1948 Irwin is noted in Tunis and headed to Marseilles amidst which she had already held several weekly meetings and radio broadcasts and an assembly elected by early 1949. The initiative was due to a suggestion of Shoghi Effendi. Irwin returned to America arriving in Long Beach California by July where she gave a couple talks starting on her book "Heralds of Peace" and mentioning her recent travels, and then on "What are the requisites of a new civilization?". Irwin's trip and work as reported from Long Beach was included in a reactionary feeling of threat about world government in an October article in New Mexico a year later. Then she was back to take part in a November regional meeting in the LA area noting the growth of pre-assembly communities, and herself spoke at a meeting by early December. Amidst these activities her work on color and demonstrations years earlier was remembered. Meanwhile she gave a talk at the Baháʼí House of Worship in early September. A couple weeks later she was in Sydney giving a talk for the religion.
In July 1951 she gave a talk at an art gallery and it was noted she had a private collection part of which she loaned for an exhibition in Los Angeles, (and the news coverage mentioned her grandparents Sir John and Lady Hall. She was back in Tucson, Arizona, through most of January of the new year, and then in March back in California over in Santa Cruz.
In October and into November 1953 she was visible in San Diego giving several talks. In January 1954 she spoke for a garden club about "Famous garden around the world" which she repeated in February, when her work on color was recalled in Hawaii. She observed Naw Ruz in San Diego contributing a talk with color slides of Baháʼí Temples, Shrines and Gardens. Later that year she pioneered to Mallorca. "Grieved passing steadfast devoted indefatigable promoter Faith. Reward assured Kingdom. Praying progress soul." was the telegram from Shoghi Effendi to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States dated March 23, 1956. Some lost track of her in Spain.
In Baháʼí circles, the opening poem of chapter 12 of Hasan Balyuzi's 1973 biography of the Báb has a poem of Irwin's, and it's been repeated. Irwin was mentioned in a French language book on the history of the Baháʼí Faith in Spain from the 1990s.
In addition for her commentary on Rodin being recalled, And Irwin's words on color resonated to the point they were worth repeating in audio book form for artist Sue Anderson and published by Librivox.
===Australian art===
From at least 2005 a number of publications have picked up Irwin's effect on Australian art. It begins with the interests of Australian academics Deborah Hart and Jenny McFarlane. In 2006 McFarlane wrote a PhD dissertation with extensive review of Irwin's effect on Australian art. where it was published that Deborah Hart traced the source of Australian artist Roy de Maistre thoughts on color to Irwin. de Maistre had led a 1919 "Colour in art" exhibition in Australia In 1924 Cossington Smith transcribed Irwin's The New Science of Colour probably from a copy her local library had and was called a mentor of Cossington Smith by McFarlane.
In 2011 this theme was picked up by Australian academic Zoe Alderton, and British academic Rev. Jane Shaw.
In 2017 Nicholas Gaskill, recently appointed an Associate Professor of American Literature at Oxford University coming from Rutgers University, called Irwin a kind of Loie Fuller referencing her work The New Science of Color.
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62,102,455 |
Template:Did you know nominations/Nischal Basnet
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62,102,456 |
Tomáš Töpfer
|
Tomáš Töpfer (born 10 January 1951) is a Czech film and television actor and politician. He was named Best Actor at the 1995 Alfréd Radok Awards. At the 2006 Thalia Awards he won the category of Best Actor in an Operetta or Musical.
==Selected filmography==
How Poets Are Enjoying Their Lives (1987)
Konec básníků v Čechách (1993)
Život na zámku (1995,1998)
Četnické humoresky (television, 1997)
Jak básníci neztrácejí naději (2004)
The Sorrow of Mrs. Schneider (2008)
Czech Peace (2010)
My Uncle Archimedes (2018)
Rašín (2018)
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62,102,459 |
Cors Forest
|
Cors forest was an ancient forest in Worcestershire and Gloucester, to the south of Malvern Chase. It appears to have included all that part of Gloucestershire lying between the rivers Severn and Leadon. The chase extended into Worcestershire on the boundary of Eldersfield and Chaceley.
==History==
According to Bell, "the manor and forests of Malvern and Cors, and the castle Hanley, were granted in the reign of Edward I to Gilbert de Clare, the red knight, earl of Gloucester, on his marriage with Joan d'Acres, the king's daughter (in 1290). The forests having become the property of a subject, Malvern was entitled a chase, and Cors a lawn, by which name it now goes."
According to Chambers, "we find in Dougdale's baronage, that, upon Gilbert the second's marriage with Maude (in 1308), daughter of John de Burgh, (actually Richard de Burgh, not his son John) among other lands, was assigned to her, for her dowry, the chace of Cors, the castle and manor of Hanlegh, and the chace of Malverne; but she having no children by him, his sisters became his heirs; and Elianore, the eldest, who married Hugh le Despencer, the younger, brought Malverne, with other large possessions, into that family: and from them, after the third generation, it came, by an heir general, to Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in the time of Henry V."
By the 1490s the chase had come to be called Corse Lawn, suggesting that the glades and clearings that broke the woodland were as extensive at least as the woodland.
Corse Chase, which with Tewkesbury manor was granted by the Crown in 1547 to Thomas Seymour, Lord Seymour of Sudeley, and was afterwards forfeited, was in 1629 granted by the Crown in trust for Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex.
By 1779 all the trees had been cleared, and Corse Lawn was a wide and level open common. At this date, the parishioners pastured sheep upon it, but they were often ruined because in a wet season hardly any sheep survived the rot. The Lawn itself was inclosed, under Acts of Parliament, in 1796 and 1797.
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62,102,460 |
Ahmed Eid (footballer)
|
{{Infobox football biography
| embed =
| name = Ahmed Eid
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Ahmed Eid
| full_name = Ahmed Eid Mohamed Gadelhaq
| birth_date =
==Honours==
===Zamalek===
Egyptian Super Cup: 2019–20
CAF Super Cup: 2020
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"Egyptian Super Cup",
"2023 U-23 Africa Cup of Nations",
"Egypt national under-20 football team",
"YouTube",
"Egypt national under-23 football team",
"CAF Super Cup",
"ENPPI SC",
"Zamalek SC",
"Confederation of African Football"
] |
62,102,464 |
Connor Wallace-Sims
|
Connor Wallace-Sims (born 29 June 1995) is an English born American professional rugby union player. He plays as a winger for Rugby United New York (RUNY) of Major League Rugby (MLR).
He previously was a part of the professional USA 7s residency programme at Chula Vista, California.
|
[
"Coombe Dean School",
"Devonport Services RFC",
"Exeter Chiefs",
"Ivybridge College",
"United States national under-20 rugby union team",
"Old Blue RFC",
"Canterbury RFC",
"Major League Rugby",
"Rugby United New York",
"USA Falcons",
"Chula Vista, California",
"Plymouth",
"United States national rugby sevens team"
] |
62,102,469 |
Jun Lopito
|
Wolfrando Lavalan Jr. (September 25, 1957 – March 29, 2022), professionally known as Jun Lopito, was a Filipino guitarist. He worked with most of the Philippines' rock bands and singers such as Pinoy rock legend Pepe Smith and ethnic singer Grace Nono.
==Early life==
Born as Wolfrando Lavalan Jr., Jun Lopito was the son of Wolfrando Lavalan Sr. better known as "Lopito", a comedian and the original Filipino TV host of Tawag ng Tanghalan in the 1950s. Jun at the age of 8 was caught up in music after seeing The Beatles in concert in 1966. At the age of 17, he played blues and rock. In 1979, the alternative rock and blues band The Jerks was formed and he joined later in the year.
==Career==
In 1976, Joey Smith of the Pinoy rock band Juan dela Cruz during its hiatus formed the band The Airwaves. The band The Jerks was formed in 1979 and Lopito joined as a guitarist and left the band in the 90s. The album Bodhisattvas was released in 1995 as his first solo album on which he composed four of the eleven songs.
==Death==
Jun died on March 29, 2022, at the age of 64.
==Awards==
|
[
"The Jerks",
"Third Republic of the Philippines",
"Pinoy rock",
"Juan de la Cruz Band",
"Tropical Depression (band)",
"Sampaguita (singer)",
"Grace Nono",
"Awit Awards",
"NU Rock Awards",
"Pepe Smith",
"Offshore Music"
] |
62,102,470 |
Pascal Abikanlou
|
Pascal Abikanlou (1936? – 2009)
was a Beninese film maker, director and producer. He is considered the "father of Beninese cinema".
==Biography==
Pascal Abikanlou was born in Pobe, a locality close to the border with Nigeria. Abikanlou is of Nago-Yoruba origin and comes from a royal lineage of Pobe. His father was sentenced to four years in prison by the French colonial authorities for defending a possible attachment of Pobe to Nigeria. He was educated at Maurice Delafosse High School in Dakar and was an industrial designer by training. He trained as a photographer by correspondence, then became a reporter and assistant cameraman and finally a director.
== Career ==
He directed the first feature movie Under the sign of Vaudoun in 1974.
== Filmography ==
Under the sign of voodoo 1974
Ganvié, my village 1967
Stopover at Dahomey 1968
First offerings 1969
The Yam Festival 1969
Operation Sonader 1971
Water and shade 1971
Africa at the rendezvous of the holy year 1975
Sous le signe du vaudou 1976
The Wind of Hope 1992
Ouidah 92 1993
Danhome Kingdom of Huegbadjavi 1989
|
[
"Beninese",
"Sous le signe du vaudou"
] |
62,102,473 |
Athletics at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay
|
The men's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games was held on 24 and 25 July at the Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was the first time that the metric distance was contested at the Games, replacing the 4 × 440 yards relay.
==Medallists==
==Results==
===Heats===
====Qualification for final====
The first 4 teams of each heat (Q) qualified directly for the final. (The disqualification of Uganda from Heat 2 effectively promoted Malawi from Heat 1.)
===Final===
|
[
"Tony Powell (athlete)",
"John Sherwood (athlete)",
"David Walker (athlete)",
"William Koskei",
"Edwin Roberts",
"Mahoney Samuels",
"Meadowbank Stadium",
"Francisco Mvula",
"Peter Njera",
"Edinburgh",
"Mamman Makama",
"Richard Nandolo",
"Peter Ndovi",
"William Dralu",
"Larry Barton (athlete)",
"Martin Bilham",
"Doug Chapman (athlete)",
"William Taylor (athlete)",
"Michael McLean (Scottish athlete)",
"Kent Bernard",
"Leighton Priestly",
"Clifton Forbes",
"Anthony Egwunyenga",
"Charles Obilu",
"Athletics at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games",
"Athletics at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay",
"Munyoro Nyamau",
"Julius Sang",
"Daniel Oboth",
"Charles Asati",
"Gladstone Agbamu",
"Mike Hauck",
"4 × 400 metres relay",
"Byron Dyce",
"Andrew Wood (athlete)",
"Ben Cayenne",
"Musa Dogon Yaro",
"Ian Gordon (athlete)",
"Athletics at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 440 yards relay",
"Robert Ouko (athlete)",
"Mel Wong Shing",
"Len Walters (athlete)"
] |
62,102,480 |
Wikipedia:WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/bolezni.net.ua
|
== Links ==
bolezni.net.ua resolves to [//185.68.16.188 185.68.16.188]
Link is not on the blacklist.
Link is not on the domainredlist.
Link is not on the Monitorlist.
None of the mentioned users is on the blacklist.
Link is not on the whitelist.
Link is not on the monitor list.
== Users ==
== Additions ==
Displayed all 5 additions.
|
[
"en:User:COIBot"
] |
62,102,485 |
Galicia national rugby union team
|
The Galicia rugby union team is the national and/or representative rugby union team of Galicia. It is organised by the Galician Rugby Federation and has been active since 1999. In 1999 they made their international against Portugal.
==Matches==
Galicia rugby union team matches:
|
[
"Avilés",
"Estadio Santa Bárbara",
"Santiago de Compostela",
"Ulex europaeus",
"Xixón",
"Éibar",
"Catalonia national rugby union team",
"Lalín",
"Pamplona",
"Culleredo",
"Rugby union in Spain",
"Camp Municipal de Rugby La Foixarda",
"Las Mestas Sports Complex",
"Campos de Pepe Rojo",
"Barcelona",
"Portugal national rugby union team",
"Galicia (Spain)",
"Basque Country national rugby union team",
"Lourdes",
"Valladolid",
"Vigo",
"rugby union",
"Irún"
] |
62,102,486 |
Category:19th-century murders in Oceania
|
[] |
|
62,102,491 |
Category:19th-century crimes in Oceania
|
[] |
|
62,102,495 |
James T. Milliken
|
James Thacker Milliken (August 20, 1882 – October 12, 1952) was an American politician, and businessman.
== Life ==
Milliken was born in Traverse City, Michigan. He graduated from Traverse City High School in 1902. Milliken also graduated from Olivet College in 1906 and from Yale University in 1908.
Milliken worked for his family business, the J.W. Milliken Inc., Department Store in Traverse City. Milliken also became involved in the Acemeline Manufacturing Company. Milliken then went on to serve as mayor of Traverse City from 1922 to 1928 as a Republican. He also served on the Traverse City Board of Education, and was president of the board of education. Milliken served in the Michigan Senate from 1941 to 1950. His father James W. Milliken and his son William Milliken also served in the Michigan Senate. Milliken died from a heart attack at his home in Traverse City, Michigan.
|
[
"Central High School (Traverse City, Michigan)",
"Michigan Senate",
"William Milliken",
"Republican Party (United States)",
"Michigan's 27th Senate district",
"Yale University",
"James W. Milliken",
"Traverse City, Michigan",
"Olivet College"
] |
62,102,503 |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Ryich/Archive
|
__TOC__
===04 October 2019===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
Since at least 2016, sockmaster User:Ryich keeps returning with new accounts to introduce the same inflated sales figures to Helloween, namely changing it from eight to whatever million:
– edit by Ryich
[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helloween&diff=prev&oldid=750027251 – edit by Celioazevedo45
– edit by Sircelio
[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helloween&diff=prev&oldid=884163991 – edit by Bigbossone
– edit by Celiobigboss; most recent active account
The telltale "celio" in the usernames is a DUCK, plus the more recent "boss". Another one, User:Schieese, has been around even longer and has made the same edit in the past: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helloween&diff=prev&oldid=749778137 Mac Dreamstate (talk) 18:46, 4 October 2019 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
These are probably socks, but since all of these accounts except Celiobigboss have not edited in so long, I don't feel the need to say definitively whether they are or not. Celiobigboss blocked indefinitely. Closing. Kevin (aka L235 · t · c) 05:52, 19 October 2019 (UTC)
----
===25 May 2020===
====Suspected sockpuppets====
Tools: Editor interaction utility • Interaction Timeline • User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
DUCK. Comes back after more than a year to make the same edit today (as he did in February 2019 ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helloween&diff=prev&oldid=884163991), which is the same edit made by all previous socks (helpfully containing "celio") and the original account. Strongly suggest blocking the ones I listed in the original SPI, as this user clearly likes to employ dormant tactics. Mac Dreamstate (talk) 11:48, 25 May 2020 (UTC)
====Comments by other users====
Accused parties may also comment/discuss in this section below. See Defending yourself against claims.
====Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments====
- blocked as an obvious reactivated sockpuppet indeed. I agree with the suggestion that it's now worth blocking the obvious alternate accounts mentioned last time given the use of one of them that was dormant, so:
also previously mentioned dormant accounts
Marking for close. ~ mazca talk 23:21, 28 May 2020 (UTC)
----
|
[
"Helloween"
] |
62,102,508 |
List of reality television show franchises (A–G)
|
The following is a list of reality television show franchises that have become franchises with production of local versions around the world, from A through G. See also List of reality television show franchises (H–Z).
==La Academia==
Original name: La Academia
Origin: Mexico
Date started: June 30, 2002
Creator: Giorgio Aresu
First network to broadcast: Azteca 13
First country to adapt: Malaysia
==The Amazing Race==
Original name: The Amazing Race
Origin: USA
Date started: September 5, 2001
Creators: Bertram van Munster, Elise Doganieri
First network to broadcast: CBS
First country to adapt: Asian continent
NOTE: There was a planned Central European version, which was announced that it was to air in 2006 on AXN Central Europe. It was canceled and is therefore not included in the list.
Notes
==The Apprentice==
Original name: The Apprentice
Origin: U.S.
Date started: January 8, 2004
Creator: Mark Burnett
First network to broadcast: NBC
First country to adapt: Brazil
== Bake Off==
Original name: The Great British Bake Off
Origin: UK
Date started: 17 August 2010
First network to broadcast: BBC Two
First country to adapt: France
===Current===
===Former===
==The Bar==
Original name: Baren
Origin: Sweden
Date started: April 2000
Creator: Strix Television
First network to broadcast: TV3
First country to adapt: Norway
==Bet on Your Baby==
Original name: Bet on Your baby
Origin: United States
Date started: April, 13, 2013
Creator: Electus and 5x5 Media
First network to broadcast: ABC
First country to adapt: Turkey
==Big Brother Inspired by Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell==
Original name: Big Brother
Origin: Netherlands
Date started: September 16, 1999
Creator: John de Mol
First network to broadcast: Veronica
First country to adapt: Germany
Country with the most seasons: United States of America
==The Biggest Loser==
Original name: The Biggest Loser
Origin: United States
Date started: October 19, 2004
Creator: Ben Silverman, Mark Koops, Dave Broome
First network to broadcast: NBC
First country to adapt: United Kingdom
==Celebrity Splash!==
Original name: Sterren Springen Op Zaterdag (Stars Jumping On Saturday)
Origin: Netherlands
Date started: 2012
Creator: Eyeworks
First network to broadcast: SBS 6
==Clash of the Choirs==
Original name: Clash of the Choirs
Origin: United States
Date started: December 17, 2007
Creator: Friday TV
First network to broadcast: NBC
First country to adapt: Sweden
Country with the most seasons: Sweden
==Dancing with the Stars==
Original name: Strictly Come Dancing
Origin: United Kingdom
Date started: May 15, 2004
Creator: Fenia Vardanis, Richard Hopkins, Karen Smith
First network to broadcast: BBC One
First country to adapt: Italy
==Duets==
Original name: Duets
Origin: United States of America
Date started: May 24, 2012
Creator: Keep Calm and Carry On Productions
First network to broadcast: ABC
First country to adapt: China
==The Farm==
Original name: Farmen
Origin: Sweden
Creator: Strix
First network to broadcast: TV4
First country to adapt: Sweden
==Fear Factor==
Original name: Now or Neverland
Origin: Netherlands
Date started: 1998
Creator: John de Mol
First network to broadcast: Veronica
First country to adapt: U.S.
Country with the most seasons: UK
==Flip or Flop==
Original name: Flip or Flop
Origin: USA
Date started: April 16, 2013
First network to broadcast: HGTV
Related series: Flip or Flop, Flip or Flop Atlanta, Flip or Flop Chicago, Flip or Flop Follow-Up, Flip or Flop Nashville, Flip or Flop Fort Worth, Flip or Flop Vegas
==Got Talent==
Original name: America's Got Talent
Origin: United States
Date started: June 21, 2006
Note: Britain's Got Talent was originally slated to be the first to be made but due to problems in production, America's Got Talent was eventually made first.
Creator: Simon Cowell
First network to broadcast: NBC
First country to adapt: France
Country with the most seasons: United States
|
[
"John de Mol",
"List of reality television show franchises (H–Z)",
"Flip or Flop Fort Worth",
"Flip or Flop",
"Flip or Flop Atlanta",
"The Apprentice (TV series)",
"The Great British Bake Off",
"America's Got Talent",
"SBS 6",
"Simon Cowell",
"2013 in television",
"Strictly Come Dancing",
"Ben Silverman",
"Eyeworks",
"media franchise",
"Richard Hopkins (TV producer)",
"Friday TV",
"RTL 7",
"Sterren Springen Op Zaterdag",
"2012 in television",
"BBC One",
"HGTV",
"Mark Burnett",
"Flip or Flop Vegas",
"BBC Two",
"La Academia",
"2007 in television",
"Flip or Flop Nashville",
"Flip or Flop Chicago",
"Clash of the Choirs",
"NBC",
"Big Brother (Dutch TV series)",
"American Broadcasting Company",
"Electus",
"The Biggest Loser (American TV series)"
] |
62,102,515 |
Category:Songs written by Lewis Capaldi
|
[
"Lewis Capaldi"
] |
|
62,102,516 |
English-speaking Quebecers
|
English-speaking Quebecers, also known as Anglo-Quebecers, English Quebecers, or Anglophone Quebecers (all alternately spelt Quebeckers; in French Anglo-Québécois, Québécois Anglophone) or simply Anglos in a Quebec context, are a linguistic minority in the Francophonic province of Quebec. According to the 2011 Canadian census, 599,225 people (around 7.7% of the population) in Quebec declare English as a mother tongue. When asked, 834,950 people (about 10.7% of the population) reported using English the most at home.
The origins of English-speaking Quebecers include immigration from both English-speaking and non English-speaking countries, migration from other Canadian provinces, and strong English language education programs in Quebecois schools. This makes estimating the population of those who identify as English-speaking Quebecers difficult.
==Population==
|}
Statistics Canada uses census data to keep track of minority language communities in Canada. It has recorded mother tongue (the first language learned as a child and still spoken) since 1921, home language (language spoken at home) since 1971, and first official language learned (English or French) since 1991. In addition, conversational knowledge of English and French is documented.
A considerable number of census respondents in each category cite equal proficiency, knowledge, and use of different languages. In this case, census respondents are divided evenly among the language groups involved.
As allophone immigrants (mother tongue other than English or French) generally arrive with knowledge of either English or French and eventually integrate into these two linguistic groups, first official language learned is used to determine the Official Language minority population. It is used by the federal government and Quebec anglophone community organizations to determine the demand for minority language services.
Immigration from other countries and integration of allophones helped to partially alleviate the impact of this trend. In 2001, one in three immigrants to Quebec was English-speaking and settled in Montreal. This made the decrease in home-language anglophones less pronounced, particularly in the Montreal area. This situation is rapidly changing as the vast majority of immigrants now adopt French as their first language: three quarters of linguistic transfers of allophones arriving between 2001 and 2006 allophones arriving have been towards French instead of English.
The 2006 census showed an increase of the Anglophone population in Quebec. The rise of 16,000 people (from 591,000 in 2001 to 607,000 in 2006) represents a growth rate of +2.7%, which is higher than that for the Francophone population (+2.0%) for the same period. In a survey on the matter, English-speaking Quebecers cited limited economic prospects and politics (Quebec's language policies and the Quebec independence) as primary reasons for leaving. These political factors are also cited as having led to fewer Canadians from other provinces settling in Quebec.
== Locations ==
===Montreal===
Most of Quebec's English-speaking population resides in the Montreal region on the Island of Montreal. The population is concentrated in the West Island and in the western half of Montreal's urban core, where there is a large network of English-language educational, social, cultural, economic, and medical institutions. However, there are smaller English-speaking communities in the east end as well, notably Saint-Leonard and Rivière-des-Prairies.
The earliest English-speaking people arrived in Montreal at the beginning of the British regime in the second half of the 18th century. By 1831 the majority of the population were of British origin. American merchants, United Empire Loyalists and Anglo-Scot Protestants founded Quebec's public and private English-language institutions and would represent Quebec's elite merchant and financial classes up until the 1960s; the heritage of this era remains in neighbourhoods such as Westmount and the Golden Square Mile.
Irish Quebecers established their schools, churches and hospitals in the mid-19th century in traditionally working-class neighbourhoods such as Point St. Charles and Griffintown. Separate English-language confessional (Protestant and Catholic) school systems emerged, in the religious-based Montreal Catholic School Commission and Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal, and would be guaranteed in the British North America Act 1867 thanks to D'Arcy McGee, a prominent Irish Montrealer. Prior 2000, these school systems were merged into linguistic English-language boards.
An English-speaking Black Canadian community grew in the 1860s with the coming of the railway industry centred in Montreal, settling in Little Burgundy and Saint-Henri.
The first school built by the new Protestant Board of School Commissioners of Montreal was the Royal Arthur School which opened in 1870.
The early 1900s brought waves of settlers from all over Europe. Jews from Poland, Romania and Russia established a large Jewish community, and integrated into the English-speaking "Protestant" schools and businesses. Italian immigrants would adopt the Catholic institutions of either the Irish or francophone community. These and many other immigrant communities would initially settle along Saint Lawrence Boulevard (nicknamed "The Main"), before moving on to more prosperous suburbs such as Côte-Saint-Luc and Saint-Léonard.
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;margin:15px;"
|+Ethnic Origins of the metropolitan region of Montreal Anglophones Some First Nation peoples such as the Mohawk, the Cree, and Inuit also use English in their day-to-day lives. These groups blend in easily in a community that defines itself increasingly as multicultural and bilingual. Its large diversity, mobility and access to mainstream North American society means that most anglophones in Quebec will identify themselves as Canadian or by their cultural group, and identify as "anglophone" only in the context of Quebec's French-speaking majority.
===Montérégie and Estrie===
In the late 18th century and the early 19th century, the Eastern Townships and the Chateauguay Valley were pioneered by English-speaking settlers who moved north from the United States; the first were Loyalists (Tories in the U.S.) wishing to remain British subjects after The American Revolution. Very few of these Loyalists were allowed to stay in the Eastern Townships and were in fact forced by the British to move from the lands that they were squatting on because the British desired to keep the Eastern Townships as an unpopulated buffer zone between the Canadians and the Americans. By the end of the 1790s, American homesteaders were allowed to come northward to settle lands across the border.
Today, the southwestern portion of the Montérégie, notably the Chateauguay Valley and Vaudreuil-Soulanges, are home to a significant anglophone presence. The town of Hudson, and the cities of Saint-Lazare and Pincourt, have an anglophone majority and pluralities respectively.
===Laval===
In Laval, the neighbourhoods of Chomedey and Sainte-Dorothée have noticeable English-speaking communities, particularly of Italian and Greek descent.
===Elsewhere in Quebec===
Many American and Anglo-Scottish merchants settled in Quebec City in the nineteenth century; however, the majority of anglophones were working-class Irish immigrants. In the 1860s, the proportion of English-speakers reached a historic high of 40%. The population gradually dwindled as Montreal replaced Quebec City as a centre of commerce and industry. English-speakers now represent 1.9% of the total population in the Quebec metropolitan area. The Morrin Centre is a cultural hub for Quebec City's English-speaking community, linked together by media institutions such as the Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph, CBC Radio One (CBVE-FM) in Quebec City, and the La Maison Anglaise bookstore
All English-speaking communities outside the Montreal metropolitan area have been in decline for over a century. However, communities near Montreal, the border with Ontario, and the border with the United States are still large enough to constitute a sizeable yet shrinking minority in these regions.
Immigrants from England, Scotland, and Ireland would further settle these regions in the mid 19th century, and pioneer the Outaouais region (Gatineau and Pontiac region) and many Laurentian communities. By the end of the nineteenth century, many grew into thriving small cities: Shawville, Aylmer, Hull, Lachute, Huntingdon, St. Johns (now Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu), Granby, Saint-Hyacinthe, Victoriaville, Drummondville, Magog, Sherbrooke, Sawyerville. Migration to larger cities in Canada (including Montreal) has since reduced the English-speaking population in these regions, but sizeable English-speaking communities remain in Sherbrooke (Lennoxville), North Hatley, Richmond, Ayer's Cliff, Brome Lake (Knowlton), and Sutton. The English-speaking population is anchored by such institutions as Bishop's University in Sherbrooke and the Eastern Townships School Board.
There has been English-speaking settlement or immigration to some degree in almost all areas of Quebec at one time or another. What remains today in many regions is only symbolic as anglophones have moved away, or assimilated into the French-speaking community (usually Catholics such as the Irish). English-speaking communities in the Gaspé Peninsula and the Lower North Shore remain, as well as a small community in the Magdalen Islands.
==Media==
English-language media tend to come from outside the province. Most local English-language media are based in the Montreal area.
===Television===
The province's English-language television stations are CBMT (CBC), CFCF (CTV), CKMI (Global) and CJNT (Citytv), all in Montreal. These stations are available on cable throughout the province and can also be received for free with the use of home TV antennas in cities located near television transmission towers.
Anglophones in the Outaouais region are served by English stations from Ottawa. Southern Quebec is also served by American network affiliates from Vermont and New York's North Country who actually depend on the Montreal market for most of their revenue. The Burlington, VT stations are WCAX (CBS), WVNY (ABC), WFFF-TV (Fox), and Vermont Public Television (PBS). The Plattsburgh, NY stations are WPTZ (NBC) and WCFE (PBS). These stations are carried on Montreal-area cable networks, along with other English and French-language cable stations. (See Multichannel television in Canada.) Western Montreal carries more English-language programming to better serve the large English-speaking market.
===Radio===
English-language radio stations in Montreal include AM stations CKGM (sports), CJAD (news/talk) and FM outlets CBME (CBC Radio One), CKUT (campus radio from McGill University), CFQR (Q92, adult contemporary), CJFM (Virgin Radio 96, hot AC), CBM (CBC Radio 2) and CHOM (mainstream rock). The Montreal off-island suburbs of Hudson/Saint-Lazare has English-language FM outlet CHSV (Jewel 106.7, soft adult contemporary). CKON-FM, owned by and serving the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne, broadcasts in English and Kanien'keha. Listeners in Sherbrooke, Lennoxville and the Eastern Townships are served by CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 and the community radio station CJMQ. CBC Radio One is also available in many other Quebec communities. Parts of the province also receive English-language signals from Ontario, New Brunswick, New York or New England, notably VPR and PBS. However, no community in the province besides Montreal and Hudson/Saint Lazare has an English commercial station.
===Newspapers and periodicals===
Quebec has two English-language daily newspapers: the large Montreal Gazette, and the small Sherbrooke Record, a local newspaper for the Eastern Townships. Many smaller communities in Quebec also have English-language weekly papers, including The Equity in Shawville, The Pontiac Journal, a bilingual and bimonthly paper, the Stanstead Journal in Stanstead, The First Informer in the Magdalen Islands, The Gleaner in Huntingdon, the Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph in Quebec City, SPEC in the Gaspé region, the West Quebec Post in Buckingham, the Aylmer Bulletin in Aylmer, the Townships Sun in Lennoxville, the Suburban, Montreal Island's Largest English Weekly, the Chronicle and the West End Times in the West Island of Montreal, the Westmount Independent in Westmount, and The LowDown to Hull and Back News in La Pêche. From the 1990s until 2012, Montreal also had two English alternative weeklies, Hour and Mirror.
Maisonneuve is a culturally literate bimonthly general-interest English-language magazine published in Montreal.
==Politics==
The politics of language has always played against issues of Quebec nationalism and Quebec separatism. English-speaking Quebeckers maintain a strong Canadian identity, with about 99% opposing Quebec sovereignty in 1980 and 1995 referendums. Having no distinct political representation in Quebec, they tend to vote for the federalist Liberal Party of Canada federally and for the Quebec Liberal Party at the provincial level. In 2001, English-speaking Quebeckers viewed provincial language legislation as the principal challenge facing their community and more generally look to the federal government to protect their individual and collective rights from provincial government limits on access to English education, health care, government services, and visibility on public signs.
The Canadian constitution protects the language rights of English-speaking communities and individuals in Quebec; however, since 1867, the Quebec provincial government has had full jurisdiction over schools, with only section 93 of the British North America Act 1867 (the Constitution Act, 1867) guaranteeing Protestant confessional boards the right to administer most English schools. Section 133 still allows French and English to be used in the Parliament of Canada and the Legislature of Quebec and makes both languages mandatory for the laws, records, and journals of those houses. It also gives any person the right to plead in either English or French in any of the Courts of Quebec. In 1982, Section 23 of the Constitution Act, 1982 guaranteed the right of Canadian citizens educated in English in Canada to attend English schools. This paved the way for the Constitutional Amendment, 1999 (Québec) which was passed unanimously by the federal Parliament and the National Assembly of Quebec that transformed Protestant confessional school boards into English linguistic school boards. The federal government also maintains the Official Languages Act of 1988 that ensures equality between English and French in the federal civil service and ensures that official minority language groups in Canada receive service in their language where numbers warrant and that supports the development of communities of speakers of official languages when they constitute a minority in a province or territory.
Provincial legislation has also delimited the language rights of English-speaking Quebeckers and the role of their institutions since the Quiet Revolution as French-speaking Québécois sought to improve their economic prospects, assimilate immigrants into their community to maintain their population, and establish French as a language of business. Bill 63, introduced by the Union nationale government in 1969, required that English schools provide all students with a working knowledge of French. In 1974, the Liberal government of Robert Bourassa passed Bill 22 and restricted access to English schools to children who could pass a language test. In 1977, the separatist Parti Québécois passed the more intensive Charter of the French Language (Bill 101). This law made French the sole language of the civil service and of business in private workplaces with over 50 employees and established the right of all Quebeckers to work solely in French, now the sole official language of the province; it also favoured a demographic shift towards more francophones in Quebec by restricting access to English-language schools to children whose parents had attended Quebec English grade schools or high schools. The Charter is generally seen as emancipatory and a protector of culture and is immensely popular among Quebeckers.
Other Charter provisions, though, deeply alienated English-speaking Quebeckers. The Charter cut off access to English schools to all but children who had parents who had received their education in English in Quebec. The Charter also eliminated the Constitutional guarantee to English legal proceedings and eliminated English translations of Quebec laws. It banned all languages other than French on all public signs, both inside and outside. (The regulations for signs would be modified in 1988 and 1993.) The law has therefore polarized Quebec along linguistic lines to this day. Legal challenges by English-speaking Quebeckers using provisions of the Canadian constitution and international law overturned some of these provisions, forcing subsequent Quebec governments to blunt these Charter provisions many times.
The Charter coupled with the looming 1980 Referendum on Sovereignty triggered an exodus of English-speaking Quebeckers between 1976 and 1980, exacerbating the already existing demographic decline. Head offices that employed anglophones moved mostly to Toronto, taking their employees with them. Structural unemployment in the private sector with the mass hiring of francophones in an expanding civil service limited the economic opportunities of especially young non-bilingual anglophones in Quebec leading them to search for work elsewhere. Young highly educated anglophones, despite high rates of bilingualism and increased contact and openness to francophones, cite limited economic prospects caused by linguistic discrimination and an unsatisfactory political climate as the major factors in their departure. By 2001, 50% of mother-tongue anglophones had left the province.
Faced with increasing marginalization from the political process in Quebec, English-speaking community groups across the province banded together to form Alliance Quebec, a provincial lobby group that would advocate for English-language education, health, and social services. It was supported by the federal Commissioner of Official Languages and members worked with provincial administrations to maintain and increase access to English government services across the province.
Sign laws governing language are a particular irritant to English-speaking Quebeckers. When the original Charter provision requiring French only on commercial signs and in trade names was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1988, the Liberal government of Robert Bourassa passed Bill 178 that made French the only language that could be used on outdoor commercial signs. This required invoking the notwithstanding clause in the Canadian Constitution, which overrode the Supreme Court decision. Discontent with the Liberals led anglophones in Western Montreal to form the Equality Party in protest, which surprised many by electing 4 candidates in the 1989 provincial election. As the sign law would have to be renewed in 1993, the Liberal government passed a law that mandated French on signs. As recommended by the Supreme Court, this law allowed other languages on the sign, as long as French was predominant. Although this law stands up to Supreme Court challenges, many anglophones refer to the inspectorate that enforces the law as "tongue troopers" and "language cops".
In addition to the rights guaranteed by the constitution of Canada, the various regulations outside the Charter recognise other linguistic rights of Quebec anglophones. Quebeckers have the right to receive services in English from all public health care and social service institutions in Quebec. The charter also permits bilingual status to cities, but only those with a majority of English mother-tongue residents; other cities are not required to provide services in English but usually do if a significant minority of the population is English-speaking. Ninety-three municipalities offer bilingual services in Quebec.
In 2002, Quebec's French Language Charter was amended with Bill 104, which aims to prevent education received in fully private English schools or through temporary certificates from producing constitutional education rights. Several court cases are still pending.
After the 2022 Quebec general election, political leaders and commentators of the province issued growing concerns about the political weight of the English speaking Quebeckers in Quebec's democracy. The Quebec Liberal Party did indeed win the second place in parliament having 21 seats while having 14.37% of the popular vote, behind Québec Solidaire and the Parti Québécois, respectively in third and fourth place with 11 and 3 seats. It is generally understood that this happened because of the concentration of the Liberal vote in the Centre and Western part of Montreal, where English speakers are often a majority.
==Education==
In 2001, Quebec had 340 primary and secondary English-language schools administered by nine English-language school boards. As in French-language schools, elementary education goes from Kindergarten to Elementary 6 (K-6), while high school goes from Secondary 1 to 5 (grades 7-11). The curriculum is strictly controlled by the Ministère de l'Education, Quebec's provincial education ministry, and is generally identical to that offered in the French-language public school system.
The exception is language education. French is taught as a second language in English schools from Grade 1 onwards, and English is symmetrically taught as a second language in French schools from grade 1 onwards. English schools in the Montreal area were pioneers in French immersion and bilingual education starting in the late 1960s. As a result, they offer a range of established bilingual and short- and long-immersion programs. Programs offering both French and English curricula as a first language have recently been approved by the Minister of Education and are increasingly popular. English immersion programs are not common in French-language public schools.
Some English-speaking Quebecers also opt to send their children to French-language schools. As a result, programs to integrate English-speaking children into a French-speaking milieu (particularly in English-speaking areas on the West Island) are increasingly popular in French school boards, and have used in French-language private school for years.
In an addition to the public system, many private schools provide instruction in English, including schools serving religious and cultural communities. Quebec subsidizes a large portion of the tuition on the condition that they teach the provincial curriculum; almost all private schools accept these conditions and the accompanying subsidy.
Access to English-language public and semi-private education is restricted by provincial law to children who have at least one parent educated in English in Canada. Temporary residents of Quebec and English-speaking immigrants whose children have special learning needs may apply to the Ministère de l'Education for permission to enter these schools. (see Charter of the French Language). Access to private schools is open to anyone who can afford the tuition.
Colleges provide 3-year career certification programs or 2-year pre-University curricula following Grade 11 (Secondary 5) high school. Most are public colleges and have very low tuition fees; a few are subsidized private institutions. Core courses in English literature, humanities, and French represent about 25% of the curriculum. There are eight English-language Colleges, open to all Quebec residents.
English is also the language of instruction at three Quebec universities (McGill University, Concordia University and Bishop's University) that offer 3-year undergraduate programs for Quebec students graduating from college. They also offer standard 4-year programs to students from all over Canada, North America, and the world. For Quebec residents, 85% of tuition is subsidized by the provincial government. Canadian students pay differential tuition fees based on the Canadian average. Foreign students pay the full cost of their tuition, although Quebec has signed reciprocal agreements with some jurisdictions such as France, Belgium, Bavaria, and Catalonia allowing students to pay local Quebec tuition rates. McGill and Concordia offer some instruction in French, and exams and assignments may be done in French at all universities, as long as the goal of the course is not to learn or improve the mastery of a language.
==Health care==
Montreal has several English-language hospitals that offer multilingual services, including service in French:
McGill University Health Centre
Montreal General Hospital
Royal Victoria Hospital
Montreal Children's Hospital
Montreal Neurological Institute
Montreal Chest Institute
Lachine Hospital
Allan Memorial Institute
Douglas Mental Health University Institute (Montreal)
Lakeshore General Hospital (Pointe-Claire)
Jewish General Hospital (Montreal)
Saint Mary's Hospital (Montreal)
Queen Elizabeth Health Centre, formerly the Queen Elizabeth hospital
Outside Montreal, some hospitals also provide services in English.
Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital (Eastern Townships)
Pontiac Community Hospital (Shawville)
Jeffery Hale Hospital (Quebec City)
Barrie Memorial Hospital (Ormstown)
==Symbols of English-speaking Quebecers==
Jacques Viger, the first mayor of Montreal, created the city's first coat of arms in 1833. The arms consisted of a red saltire surrounded by heraldic symbols to represent the cultural makeup of the municipality at the time. While a beaver represented the French community, he added a rose to represent those of English descent, a shamrock for the Irish, and a thistle for the Scottish. Current and former towns with sizeable Anglophone populations such as Sherbrooke, Lachine, Saint Michel, and Sainte-Cunégonde (now called Little Burgundy) also incorporated some or all of these same Anglophone symbols into their own respective arms. Subsequently, the beaver has usually been replaced by the fleur-de-lis to represent French-speakers.
While Viger's selection of heraldic symbols aptly represented Quebec's Anglophone population, the charges themselves were not unique Quebec inventions since they were borrowed from British heraldry. Over the years, without a truly unique symbol of their own, Quebec's Anglophones tended to gravitate towards British icons such as the Union Jack, the Red Ensign and then later on Canada's Maple Leaf. The flag of Montreal, where many Anglophones live, is also popular, as it resembles the flags of both Quebec and England.
In Spring 2007, an article was published in Flagscan (Issue 83 – ) suggesting that Quebec's Anglophone population should adopt its own flag. The article noted that Francophone minority populations outside Quebec in the rest of Canada all had their own unique cultural identity flags and that the English-speaking community of Quebec should do the same. A number of possible designs were also presented. A variant of the same article was also posted over the internet.
Other than British heraldic charges, Quebec's Anglophone community still has no unique emblem representing itself that is officially recognized at any government level.
File:Armoiries Montreal 1833.jpg|Coat of arms of Montreal, original version of 1833
File:Coat of Arms of some former cities in Montreal.jpg|Coat of Arms of former cities in Montreal
File:Coat of arms Sherbrooke.svg|Sherbrooke Coat of arms
File:Flag of Montreal.svg|Flag of Montreal
|
[
"Chomedey, Quebec",
"Métis people (Canada)",
"Montreal Neurological Institute",
"Lachute",
"Granby, Quebec",
"Scottish Canadian",
"Jamaican Canadian",
"WCFE",
"Griffintown",
"Montreal",
"Aylmer, Quebec",
"Alliance Quebec",
"List of anglophone communities in Québec",
"New England",
"Hour Community",
"French language",
"Eastern Orthodox Church",
"Scots-Quebecer",
"Buckingham, Quebec",
"Chinese Canadian",
"Shawville, Quebec",
"Interprovincial migration in Canada",
"CBS",
"Pincourt, Quebec",
"CJMQ-FM",
"Eastern Townships School Board",
"Bill 22",
"College education in Quebec",
"Robert Bourassa",
"home language",
"Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"WVNY",
"Sawyerville, Quebec",
"Quebec City",
"The Pontiac Journal",
"Plattsburgh, New York",
"Office québécois de la langue française",
"Mohawk people",
"Liberal Party of Canada",
"Laval, Quebec",
"CFCF-DT",
"Official bilingualism in Canada",
"Citytv",
"Constitution Act, 1867",
"McGill University Health Centre",
"Victoriaville",
"Rivière-des-Prairies, Quebec",
"Equality Party (Quebec)",
"Italian Canadians",
"SPEC (newspaper)",
"Italian Canadian",
"Vaudreuil-Soulanges Regional County Municipality, Quebec",
"Lachine Hospital",
"Greek-Canadian",
"Italian-Canadian",
"Aylmer Bulletin",
"Quebec French",
"Côte-Saint-Luc",
"visible minority",
"La Pêche",
"Canadian constitution",
"Charter of the French Language",
"New Brunswick",
"Allan Memorial Institute",
"Westmount, Quebec",
"Laurentides",
"Quebec sovereignty movement",
"Outaouais (region)",
"Lennoxville",
"Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital",
"English Canadians",
"Lakeshore General Hospital",
"Bishop's University",
"Mother tongue",
"English Canadian",
"Gatineau",
"Townships Sun",
"CBC Radio One",
"Hudson, Quebec",
"Constitution Act, 1982",
"CKON-FM",
"Stanstead Journal",
"Drummondville",
"Basse-Côte-Nord Territory, Quebec",
"1980 Quebec referendum",
"British North America Act 1867",
"Protestants",
"Sherbrooke",
"Sutton, Quebec",
"Irish Quebecers",
"Golden Square Mile",
"CKGM (AM)",
"French-speaking Quebecer",
"Montreal Children's Hospital",
"Quiet Revolution",
"Quebec separatism",
"Magog, Quebec",
"Parliament of Canada",
"Global Television Network",
"Acadians",
"CKUT-FM",
"Bilingualism in Canada",
"Montérégie",
"CBMT-DT",
"Irish Canadians",
"Multichannel television in Canada",
"McGill University",
"Franco-Ontarian",
"Eastern townships",
"Burlington, Vermont",
"The Main",
"2022 Quebec general election",
"New York (state)",
"Pontiac Regional County Municipality, Quebec",
"Bill 63",
"CJFM-FM",
"differential tuition",
"Irish Canadian",
"Eastern Townships",
"VPR",
"The American Revolution",
"Morrin Centre",
"West Quebec Post",
"Jewish Canadian",
"Anglo-Scottish",
"Quebec Liberal Party",
"List of Anglo-Quebecer musicians",
"American Broadcasting Company",
"Jewish",
"Brome Lake, Quebec",
"Quebec English",
"Muslim",
"Flag of England",
"Québec Solidaire",
"CTV Television Network",
"Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph",
"Statistics Canada",
"Mohawk language",
"Greek Canadian",
"CBM-FM",
"Ontario",
"United Empire Loyalists",
"Jeffery Hale Hospital",
"Little Burgundy",
"The Canadian Encyclopedia",
"First Nations in Canada",
"AM radio",
"Quebec",
"CJNT-DT",
"Jewish General Hospital",
"Protestant",
"Stanstead, Quebec",
"French Canadian",
"North Hatley, Quebec",
"Bavaria",
"Douglas Mental Health University Institute",
"Jewish Canadians",
"Magdalen Islands",
"French Canadians",
"Asian Canadians",
"The Record (Sherbrooke)",
"WCAX",
"CHSV-FM",
"The LowDown to Hull and Back News",
"Sainte-Dorothée, Quebec",
"Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec",
"Montreal Chest Institute",
"CBVE-FM",
"Gaspé Peninsula",
"Official Languages Act (Canada)",
"Saint-Henri, Montreal",
"Chateauguay Valley",
"French immersion",
"Pontiac Community Hospital",
"D'Arcy McGee",
"Saint-Lazare, Quebec",
"CJAD (AM)",
"Languages of Canada",
"Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages",
"Barrie Memorial Hospital",
"WFFF-TV",
"Royal Arthur School",
"Hull, Quebec",
"CBC Radio 2",
"Huntingdon, Quebec",
"CBC Television",
"North Country, New York",
"Ayer's Cliff, Quebec",
"St. Mary's Hospital (Montreal)",
"Queen Elizabeth Health Centre",
"English language",
"The Gazette (Montreal)",
"Montreal General Hospital",
"The Rise and Fall of English Montreal",
"mother tongue",
"Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy",
"The First Informer",
"Canadian Constitution",
"Bilingual Education",
"1995 Quebec referendum",
"Pointe-Saint-Charles",
"Union nationale (Quebec)",
"West Island",
"flag of Montreal",
"Flag of Quebec",
"Montreal (region)",
"Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine",
"National Assembly of Quebec",
"Catalonia",
"Montreal Catholic School Commission",
"Saint Lawrence Boulevard",
"Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu",
"campus radio",
"Montreal Mirror",
"Fox Broadcasting Company",
"Outaouais",
"Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal",
"British Empire",
"CHOM-FM",
"Concordia University (Montreal)",
"Maisonneuve (magazine)",
"Scottish Canadians",
"Vermont",
"Home language",
"PBS",
"CFQR-FM",
"Saint Catherine Street",
"Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal",
"Indo Canadian",
"Black Canadians",
"Quebec nationalism",
"Parti Québécois",
"Multiculturalism",
"CBME-FM",
"WPTZ",
"FM radio",
"Akwesasne",
"CEGEP",
"Coat of arms of Montreal",
"Quebec Sovereignty movement",
"Lennoxville, Quebec",
"Saint-Leonard, Quebec",
"CKMI-DT",
"Media in Ottawa–Gatineau",
"Vermont Public Television",
"NBC",
"The Gleaner (Quebec)",
"Politics of Quebec",
"List of English-speaking Quebecers",
"Island of Montreal",
"Canadian Broadcasting Corporation",
"international law",
"Historica Canada",
"Roman Catholic Church",
"Richmond, Quebec",
"Canadian identity"
] |
62,102,518 |
AM Riasat Ali Biswas
|
AM Riasat Ali Biswas (died 2016) was a politician of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami and a member of parliament for Satkhira-3.
==Early life and education==
Riasat Ali was born on 28 December 1937 in Kurikahunia village of Pratapnagar union in Asashuni Upazila of Satkhira district. His father's name is Mr. Ali Biswas and his mother's name is Rahila Khatun. Riasat Ali started his career as the founder principal (1958-1964) of Pratapnagar Fazil Madrasa. After serving as Principal of Ghugrakati Fazil Madrasa (1965-1968) and English Teacher of Pratapnagar High School (1968-1971) and Principal of Ghugrakati Fazil Madrasa (1973-1977) and he again served as Principal of Pratapnagar Fazil Madrasa (1977-1993). Riasat was a member of Pratapnagar Union Parishad in 1958 and 1963 and served as chairman of the union from 1977 to 1983. At that time, he won the national gold medal.
==Career==
Biswas was elected to parliament from Satkhira-3 as a candidate of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami in 1991 and 2001.
== Death ==
AM Riasat Ali Biswas died on 10 March 2016.
|
[
"Satkhira-3",
"Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami",
"Salahuddin Sardar",
"Asashuni Upazila",
"The Daily Sangram",
"AFM Ruhal Haque",
"S. M. Mokhlesur Rahman"
] |
62,102,526 |
Patrick Bellenbaum
|
Patrick Bellenbaum (born 28 April 1974) is a German former field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"West Germany",
"Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament",
"Oberhausen",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"field hockey"
] |
62,102,530 |
Category:19th-century crimes in Australia
|
[] |
|
62,102,532 |
List of reality television show franchises (H–Z)
|
The following is a list of reality television show franchises that have become franchises with production of local versions around the world, from H through Z. See also List of reality television show franchises (A–G).
==Idols==
|
[
"reality television",
"Nick Nairn",
"Mark Dacascos",
"Sat.1",
"Olly Smith",
"Iron Chef",
"RuPaul's Drag Race",
"The Voice (franchise)",
"Food Network",
"Star Search",
"VTV3",
"CBS",
"Idols (franchise)",
"Seven Network",
"Ed McMahon",
"Mario Lopez",
"Iron Chef Australia",
"Love Island (franchise)",
"Celebrity Circus (Australian TV series)",
"Iron Chef America",
"Alton Brown",
"media franchise",
"BBTV Channel 7",
"Iron Chef Thailand",
"List of reality television show franchises (A–G)",
"Channel 4",
"Top Model",
"Project Runway (franchise)",
"The Surreal Life",
"The X Factor",
"Kai Pflaume",
"William Shatner",
"Grant Denyer",
"Iron Chef Vietnam",
"Animal Planet",
"Survivor (franchise)",
"UPN",
"Iron Chef UK",
"Arsenio Hall",
"Chakrit Yamnam",
"Iron Chef USA",
"Love & Hip Hop",
"Israel 10",
"Popstars",
"de:Star Search",
"Star Academy",
"Just the Two of Us (TV series)",
"Must love kids",
"The Next Iron Chef"
] |
62,102,537 |
Oliver Domke
|
Oliver Domke (born 22 March 1976) is a German former field hockey player. He competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"West Germany",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"2000 Summer Olympics",
"field hockey",
"Rüsselsheim"
] |
62,102,539 |
3 Monkeys (2020 film)
|
3 Monkeys is a 2020 Indian Telugu-language comedy-drama film written and directed by Anil Kumar G, starring Sudigali Sudheer, Getup Srinu and Auto Ram Prasad. The story revolves around three friends who get into trouble after meeting Sunny Leone, played by Karunya Chowdary. The situation worsens with the appearance of Shatru, played by Kautilya.
== Plot ==
The plot revolves around three friends - Santhosh, Phani and Anand. Phani is an aspiring film director, Santhosh works in marketing while Anand is a software engineer. One day, they come across Sunny Leone, who has a rare heart disease which leaves her temporarily comatose. During one of such incident, the trio think that she should be buried as they are thinking that she is dead. They encounter police as they learn that a murder has been committed in the same locality. A corrupt police officer C.I. Sathru learns about this and blackmails them. What is the history between the police officer and the friends? What happens next forms the crux of the story.
==Cast==
Sudigali Sudheer as Santhosh
Getup Srinu as Phani
Ram Prasad as Anand
Karunya Chowdary as Sunny Leone
Kautilya as C.I. Sathru
Shakalaka Shankar as Doctor Bali
==Soundtrack ==
== Reception ==
The movie received mixed reviews. Times of India has given 1.5 out of 5 mentioning "An extension of idiotic comedy skits seen on television".
|
[
"Shakalaka Shankar",
"Haricharan",
"Feature Film Soundtrack",
"Telugu language",
"Sudigali Sudheer",
"Getup Srinu",
"The Times of India",
"comedy drama"
] |
62,102,546 |
Category:21st-century murders in Australia
|
[] |
|
62,102,547 |
Category:Kosovan expatriate sportspeople in Greece
|
[] |
|
62,102,549 |
Category:Kosovan expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
|
[] |
|
62,102,558 |
County of Toko, Queensland
|
Toko County is one of the 318 Counties of Queensland, Australia. It is within the North Gregory District of western Queensland. The county is divided into civil parishes. The county is on the Queensland - Northern Territory Border.
==History==
The county was created in 1901.
The first White people to pass through the area were the Burke and Wills expedition in 1860, and the rescue expeditions that followed.
Today the predominant land use is grazing on native vegetation. though the county is largely uninhabited.
The county is located in the Channel Country, close to the Tropic of Capricorn and the seat of local government is at Boulia.
|
[
"Counties of Queensland",
"Pastoralism",
"Lands administrative divisions of Queensland",
"Tropic of Capricorn",
"Boulia, Queensland",
"Queensland",
"Northern Territory",
"Toko, Queensland",
"Burke and Wills expedition",
"Channel Country",
"Australia"
] |
62,102,569 |
Category:20th-century murders in Australia
|
[] |
|
62,102,580 |
Gu Jin-su
|
Gu Jin-su (born 3 January 1968) is a South Korean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"1998 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1998 Asian Games",
"Asian Games",
"field hockey"
] |
62,102,582 |
Template:Did you know nominations/Warwick Road, Earl's Court
|
[
"LGBT rights by country or territory",
"Wikipedia talk:Did you know",
"Listed building",
"{{TALKPAGENAME}}",
"Talk:{{SUBPAGENAME}}",
"Warwick Road, Earl's Court",
"Earl's Court tube station"
] |
|
62,102,598 |
Sin Seok-gyo
|
Sin Seok-gyo (born 20 September 1971) is a South Korean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"Field hockey at the 2002 Asian Games",
"Seoul",
"Field hockey at the 1994 Asian Games",
"2002 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"1994 Asian Games",
"Asian Games",
"field hockey"
] |
62,102,611 |
Category:19th-century murders in Australia
|
[] |
|
62,102,621 |
Han Byeong-guk
|
Han Byeong-guk (born 31 May 1971) is a South Korean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"1998 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1998 Asian Games",
"Asian Games",
"field hockey"
] |
62,102,633 |
Abdul Khaleque Mondal
|
Abdul Khaleque Mondal (1 August 1944 – 23 July 2023) was a politician of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami and was a Jatiya Sangsad member, representing the Satkhira-2 constituency from 2001 to 2006. On 24 March 2022, he was sentenced to death for war crime charges.
== Career ==
Mondal was the principal of Agardari Kamil Madrasa in Satkhira. He was associated with the then-student organization Islami Chhatra Sangha of Jamaat-e-Islami. He was the Ameer of Jamaat's Satkhira district and a member of the Central Majlis Shura. He was elected to the parliament representing the Satkhira-2 constituency as a Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami candidate in 2001. He lost the election in 2008 to the Jatiya Party candidate M. A. Jabbar.
== War crimes and convictions ==
The Daily Star accused him of supporting Ahle Hadith Andolon Bangladesh, an extremist group.
In July 2009, Nazrul Islam Gazi from Shimulbarhia village filed a case against Mondal for killing his father Rustam Ali during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.
Mandal was arrested on 16 June 2015 at a madrasa at Sadar Upazila on charges of planning to orchestrate violence. On 24 March 2022, Mondal was sentenced to death for the war crimes and crimes against humanity, including murder, rape, detention and torture. He had served in the paramilitary Razakar unit during the war.
== Death ==
Abdul Khaleque Mondal died on 23 July 2023, at the age of 78.
|
[
"University of Dhaka",
"Satkhira Government College",
"Jatiya Party (Ershad)",
"Ahle Hadith Andolon Bangladesh",
"Bengal Presidency",
"Khulna",
"2008 Bangladeshi general election",
"Amar Desh",
"British Raj",
"Satkhira District",
"Jatiya Sangsad",
"madrasa",
"M. A. Jabbar (politician, born 1940)",
"Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami",
"Satkhira-2",
"Dhaka Tribune",
"Razakar (Pakistan)",
"Bangladesh Liberation War",
"Islami Chhatra Sangha",
"bdnews24.com",
"Kazi Shamsur Rahman",
"New Age (Bangladesh)",
"Dhaka",
"Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha",
"Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan",
"The Daily Star (Bangladesh)",
"The Independent (Bangladesh)",
"Khulna Division",
"The Daily Ittefaq"
] |
62,102,634 |
Yu Myeong-gun
|
Yu Myeong-gun (born 27 April 1971) is a South Korean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"Field hockey at the 1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"1994 Asian Games",
"Asian Games",
"field hockey"
] |
62,102,641 |
Park Sin-heung
|
Park Sin-heung (born 9 November 1968) is a South Korean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"1998 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1998 Asian Games",
"Asian Games",
"field hockey"
] |
62,102,651 |
Kim Jong-i
|
Kim Jong-i (born 10 January 1973) is a South Korean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"Field hockey at the 1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"1994 Asian Games",
"Asian Games",
"field hockey"
] |
62,102,658 |
File:NWCCU logo.svg
|
== Summary ==
== Licensing: ==
|
[] |
62,102,667 |
Jeong Yong-gyun
|
Jeong Yong-gyun (born 13 August 1971) is a South Korean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"1998 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1998 Asian Games",
"Asian Games",
"field hockey"
] |
62,102,676 |
Hong Gyeong-seop
|
Hong Gyeong-seop (born 21 April 1971) is a South Korean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"1998 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"Field hockey at the 1998 Asian Games",
"Asian Games",
"field hockey"
] |
62,102,681 |
Kim Yeong-gwi
|
Kim Yeong-gwi (born 11 April 1969) is a South Korean field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
|
[
"1998 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament",
"1996 Summer Olympics",
"Field hockey",
"1994 Asian Games",
"Field hockey at the 1998 Asian Games",
"Asian Games",
"field hockey"
] |
62,102,684 |
Ptolemaic navy
|
The Ptolemaic navy was the naval force of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and later empire from 305 to 30 BC. It was founded by King Ptolemy I. Its main naval bases were at Alexandria, Egypt and Nea Paphos (New Paphos) in Cyprus. It operated in the East Mediterranean in the Aegean Sea, the Levantine Sea, but also on the river Nile and in the Red Sea towards the Indian Ocean.
==History==
There were a number of maritime powers competing across the Eastern Mediterranean during this period, and the major naval powers in the Aegean in 322 BC were the Athenian navy and Macedonian navy. When the Athenians learned of Alexander’s death, Athens was at the forefront of the rebellion from Macedonian hegemony, which developed into the Lamian War. Athens mobilized 170 ships to Macedon’s 240, and that eventually the Macedonian navy ‘destroyed’ the Athenian fleet in a series of battles in 322 BC.
The early Ptolemies focused of developing naval instead of striving to develop a land empire in Greece or Asia. and order a naval force of 50 ships be sent to the Peloponnese, under the command of admiral Polycleitus.
In 313 BC, Seleucus (who was serving as Ptolemy’s Admiral) led a Ptolemaic fleet around Phoenicia and into the Aegean. This force assisted Cassander’s navy in attacking Lemnos, before retiring to the island of Cos. Ptolemy I attentions then were diverted elsewhere, in dealing with a revolt in Cyrene and Demetrius’ presence in Syria, as well as spending time organizing Cyprus. This proved to be the decisive battle of the Second Syrian War. The battle was fought by the fleets of Ptolemy II and his admiral Patroclus against Antigonus II Gonatas of Macedonia, resulting in another defeat for the Ptolemaic navy, which also led to resurgence of Macedonian naval power in the region.
For almost the next two hundred years the navy was not involved in any further major conflicts until the Final War of the Roman Republic, during which the Roman Senate declared war on the Ptolemaic Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII, Mark Antony, her lover and ally, betrayed the Roman government and joined the war on Cleopatra's side. After the decisive victory for Octavian at the naval engagement at Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Cleopatra and Antony withdrew to Alexandria, where Octavian besieged the city until both Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide in 30 BC. Ptolemaic Egypt was annexed as a Roman province, leaving the Roman navy as only force in the entire Mediterranean.
==Supreme Commander==
Callicrates held the title of nauarchos (admiral) and was appointed supreme commander of the Ptolemaic navy, in effect a Commander-in-Chief. The title was not conferred on a regular basis. In 142 BC the 'nauarchia' was added to the functions of the governor-generals of Cyprus to denote supreme commander of the Ptolemaic Navy for the Mediterranean if not for the entire Ptolemaic Empire. This title and its responsibility was inscribed on the base of a statue of Seleucus, Governor of Cyprus (142-131 BC) erected by the city of Kourion. Governors of Cyprus from 142 BC down through to the reign of Ptolemy IX Soter II, co held two military titles that of Strategoi and Naurarch of the Ptolemaic Fleet.
==Fleet Commanders==
Below is a list of post holders holding the title of nauarchos, some of whom were fleet commanders, commanding individual fleets, whilst others were supreme commanders of the navy such as Callicrates.
==Fleets==
===Alexandrian fleet===
The Ptolemaic Kingdom constructed a huge navy following the victory of Ptolemy II during the First Syrian War (274–271 BC), as a result the Ptolemaic Navy was successful in repulsing both the Seleucid Empire and the Kingdom of Macedonia for control of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean. Ancient Greek records seem to confirm that Ptolemy II possessed a fleet of 336 warships, that were rated according to the number of banks of oars they possessed. Athenaeus records that Ptolemy II had at his disposal more than 4,000 ships that consisted of individual war fleets in addition to transports and ships from allies.
===Nile River fleet===
The Nile Fleet or Royal River fleet was a naval force garrisoned at Alexandria from at least the 3rd century BC. Part of this fleet included a river guard force or police patrol to ensure the free movement of commerce up and down the Nile, which in these times could be dangerous. The Nile fleet was operating until at least 94 BC.
===Red Sea fleet===
The Red Sea Fleet, was based at Berenice Troglodytica seaport of Egypt on the west coast of the Red Sea. The fleet's primary role was to protect trade convoys or shipping on the main trade route between Southern Arabia, India, Sri Lanka and Upper Egypt.
==Bases and ports==
Cyprus was the main base of the Ptolemaic navy outside of Alexandria for almost 200 years, it was where the Ptolemies sourced their timber to build their warships. Nea Paphos in south-west Cyprus was a centre of Ptolemaic administration, possessed a major harbour, and the city and the surrounding region. Its importance as a major shipbuilding location in Ptolemaic times when Ptolemy II Philadelphos had two very large ships built there by the naval architect Pyrgoteles son of Zoes. Paphos became the Ptolemaic capital of Cyprus around 200 BC, and the headquarters of the Ptolemaic strategos. Ephesus was established as a naval base in 262 BC. After the Ptolemaic navy was defeated at the Battle of Ephesus (ca. 258 BC) the base was retaken by the Seleucid Empire. In 246 BC Seleucid forces abandoned the base leaving the Ptolemies to move in again. Ephesos remained as a military base until 197 BC when Antiochus III seized the city. Samos was first established as a naval base between 280 and 270 BC. It remained an important naval base for the Ptolemies until 201 BCE when Philip V of Macedon conquered the island. In 197 BC the base was recaptured by, shortly after that, the island regained its freedom. As with Itanos, Patroclus had built a military facility on the island of Thera in 267/6 BC whilst on his way to Attica leading Ptolemaic forces during the Chremonidean War. Patroclus then appointed Apollodotos as the base commander. After Ptolemy VIII ascended to the throne in 145 BC he withdrew all Ptolemaic forces from Thera.||Aegean Sea
|-
|5. || Kom Ombo|| Upper Nile
|-
|6. || Nea Paphos, Cyprus ||Levantine Sea
|-
|7. ||Ptolemais, Phoenicia ||Levantine Sea
|-
|8. || Salamis, Cyprus ||Levantine Sea
|-
|9. || Samos ||Aegean Sea
|-
|10. || Thera||Aegean Sea
|}
==Naval engagements==
==Footnotes==
|
[
"Helenus of Cyrene",
"Fourth Syrian War",
"Piraeus",
"Sicyon",
"Perigenes (admiral)",
"Macedonia (ancient kingdom)",
"Kos",
"Upper Nile (region)",
"Ptolemy I",
"Cassander",
"Seleucid Empire",
"Seleucus, son of Bithys",
"Octavian",
"Syrian Wars",
"Battle of Ephesus (ca. 258 BC)",
"Eagle of Zeus",
"Red Sea",
"Athenian military",
"Nile",
"Battle of Cos",
"Rhodes",
"Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum",
"Aegean Sea",
"Callicrates of Samos",
"Battle of the Plane Tree Pass",
"Alexandria, Egypt",
"Greece",
"Chalcis",
"First Syrian War",
"Ancient Macedon",
"Seleucus I Nicator",
"Pella",
"Mark Antony",
"Upper Egypt",
"Ptolemaic Kingdom",
"Berenice Troglodytica",
"Nea Paphos",
"Lysimachus",
"Battle of Salamis (306 BC)",
"Sri Lanka",
"Thera",
"Ptolemy IX Lathyros",
"Ptolemaic Empire",
"Agathostratus",
"Cyrene, Libya",
"Antigonus II Gonatas",
"Roman Senate",
"Antigonus I Monophthalmus",
"Ptolemy II",
"Itanos",
"Ptolemy VIII Physcon",
"Mediterranean Sea",
"dockyards",
"Ephesus",
"Classical Athens",
"Ptolemy I Soter",
"Timosthenes",
"Third Syrian War",
"Indian Ocean",
"India",
"ancient world",
"Paphos",
"Lemnos",
"Phoenicia",
"Battle of Salamis of 306 BC",
"Kom Ombo",
"Second Syrian War",
"Ptolemy of Cyprus",
"Lamian War",
"Naval blockade",
"Battle of Salamis in 306 BC",
"Ptolemaic naval expedition against Greece (308 BC)",
"Megara",
"Theodorus, son of Seleucus",
"Battle of Andros (246 BC)",
"Eumenes",
"Miletus",
"maritime force",
"Achaemenid Empire",
"Sikyon",
"Battle of Salamis",
"Navy",
"Ptolemy VIII",
"Fourth War of the Diadochi",
"Ptolemy IV Philopator",
"Polyperchon",
"Asia-Minor",
"Alexandria",
"Chremonides",
"Patroclus (admiral)",
"Ptolemais in Phoenicia",
"East Mediterranean",
"Andros",
"Southern Arabia",
"Demetrius I of Macedon",
"Polycleitus (admiral)",
"Athenaeus",
"Roman navy",
"Cleopatra VII",
"Kourion",
"Diadochi",
"Plutarch",
"Philip V of Macedon",
"Ptolemaic Egypt",
"Corinth",
"Final War of the Roman Republic",
"Macedonian navy",
"Salamis, Cyprus",
"Ancient Thera",
"Levantine Sea",
"Samos",
"Battle of Actium",
"Menelaus (son of Lagus)",
"nauarchos",
"Chremonidean War",
"Ptolemy IX Soter II",
"Ptolemy II Philadelphus",
"Perdiccas",
"Athenian navy",
"Philocles, King of Sidon",
"Coele Syria",
"Cyprus",
"Zenon (admiral)",
"Attica",
"Ptolemy X Alexander",
"Roman Egypt",
"Hellenistic",
"Antigonus II",
"Crocus (general)",
"Eastern Mediterranean"
] |
62,102,686 |
Kazi Shamsur Rahman
|
Kazi Shamsur Rahman was a Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politician and a former member of parliament for Satkhira-2.
==Career==
Kazi Shamsur Rahman served as the head teacher of Satkhira Labsa Junior High School, Satani Bhadra High School, Kaliganj Pilot High School, Satkhira Night High School and Satkhira Palli Mangal High School from 1961-1970. He was a member of the central working council of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. Rahman was elected to parliament from Satkhira-2 as a Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami candidate in 1986 and 1991.
Kazi Shamsur Rahman died on 17 February 2006
|
[
"Satkhira-2",
"Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami"
] |
62,102,688 |
Wikipedia:WikiProject Turtles/Red links
|
Links that are potential article or valid redirects that could become articles.
===Higher taxon===
These higher taxo (Family or higher) are possible, alternatively they may no longer be valid.
Allaeochelyini :Template:Taxonomy/Allaeochelyini
Anosteirinae :Template:Taxonomy/Anosteirinae :species:Anosteirinae
Australochelyidae :Template:Taxonomy/Australochelyidae
Baenodda :Template:Taxonomy/Baenodda
Bashuchelyidae :Template:Taxonomy/Bashuchelyidae
Bothremydinae :Template:Taxonomy/Bothremydinae
Bothremydini :Template:Taxonomy/Bothremydini
Bothremydodda :Template:Taxonomy/Bothremydodda
Carettochelyinae :Template:Taxonomy/Carettochelyinae :species:Carettochelyinae
Compsemydidae :Template:Taxonomy/Compsemydidae
Euraxemydidae :Template:Taxonomy/Euraxemydidae
Euraxemydoidea :Template:Taxonomy/Euraxemydoidea
Foxemydina :Template talk:Taxonomy/Foxemydina
Kurmademydini :Template:Taxonomy/Kurmademydini
Panemydidae :Template:Taxonomy/Panemydidae
Panpleurodira :Template:Taxonomy/Panpleurodira Pan-pleurodira :Template:Taxonomy/Pan-pleurodira :species:Pan-Pleurodira
Pantestudinidae :Template:Taxonomy/Pantestudinidae
Pelomedusoides :Template:Taxonomy/Pelomedusoides
Podocnemidera :Template:Taxonomy/Podocnemidera
Podocnemidera :Template:Taxonomy/Podocnemidera
Podocnemidoidae typo? :Template:Taxonomy/Podocnemidoidae
Podocnemidoidea :Template:Taxonomy/Podocnemidoidea
Rhaptochelydia :Template:Taxonomy/Rhaptochelydia
Sandownidae :Template:Taxonomy/Sandownidae :species:Sandonidae
Taphrosphyini :Template:Taxonomy/Taphrosphyini
Thalassemydidae :Template:Taxonomy/Thalassemydidae :species:Thalassemyidae
===On turtle articles===
Adocoides
Adocus agilis
Adocus aksary
Adocus bossi
Adocus bostobensis
Adocus dzhurtasensis
Adocus firmus
Adocus foveatus
Adocus hesperius
Adocus kirtlandius
Adocus kizylkumensis
Adocus lineolatus
Adocus onerosus
Adocus orientalis
Adocus pravus
Adocus sengokuensis
Adocus syntheticus
Adocusia
Actinemys pallida
Cardichelyon, Cardichelyon rogerwoodi
Calcarichelys
Chuannanchelys
Ferganemys
Haichemys
Isanemys
Mlynarskiella
Protoshachemys
Shachemys
Shineusemys
Yehguia
===From 2021 in reptile paleontology===
Akoranemys
Apeshemys''
===From 2019 in reptile paleontology===
2019 in reptile paleontology#Turtles
Mesochelydia
Peligrochelys
Eocenochelus
Nanhsiungchelys, Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis
Laganemys tenerensis
Taquetochelys, Taquetochelys decorata
Taphrosphys, Taphrosphys congolensis
Francemys
Ilatardia
Kalasinemys
Protoshachemys
Saxochelys
Wutuchelys
===From 2018 in reptile paleontology===
2018 in reptile paleontology#Turtles
Proterochersis, Proterochersis robusta and Proterochersis porebensis
Algorachelus, Algorachelus peregrinus
Palemys, Palemys bowerbankii
Linderochelys, Linderochelys rinconensis
Hydromedusa casamayorensis
Piramys, Piramys auffenbergi
Eubaena, Eubaena cephalica
Manouria oyamai
Prionochelys
Chelonoidis dominicensis
Eotaphrosphys
Eulalichelys
Mauremys aristotelica
Motelomama
Owadowia
Trachemys haugrudi
Yuraramirim
===From 2017 in paleontology===
2017 in paleontology#Turtles
Mesochelydia
Heckerochelys, Heckerochelys romani
Sichuanchelys, Sichuanchelys chowi
Gaffneylania, Gaffneylania auricularis
Zangerlia, Zangerlia neimongolensis -> Jiangxichelys neimongolensis
Camerochelys, Camerochelys vilanovai
Thalassemydidae, Thalassochelydia
Kizylkumemys, Kizylkumemys schultzi
Helopanoplia, Helopanoplia distincta
Procyclanorbis, Procyclanorbis sardus
Titanochelon
Platychelys, Platychelys oberndorferi
Dortokidae
Podocnemidoidae typo?
Andrewsemys, Erymnochelyinae, Stereogenys
Apalone amorense
Cabindachelys
Chelonoidis marcanoi
Eocenochelus, Erymnochelyinae
Lutemys
Mendozachelys
Perochelys, Perochelys hengshanensis
Petrochelys
Rionegrochelys
===From 2016 in paleontology===
2016 in paleontology#Turtles
Tropidemys, Tropidemys langii
Testudo catalaunica
Algorachelus
Anhuichelys, Anhuichelys doumuensis
Clemmys hutchensorum
Fontainechelon, Achilemys
Inaechelys, Rosasia
Keuperotesta, Proterochersis
Kinosternon notolophus, Kinosternon pannekollops, Kinosternon rincon, Kinosternon wakeeniense
Notoemys, Notoemys tlaxiacoensis,
Paiutemys
Pelorochelon
Proterochersis, Proterochersis porebensis
Sichuanchelys, Sichuanchelys palatodentata
Tartaruscola, Foxemydina
Yelmochelys
===From 2015 in paleontology===
2015 in paleontology#Turtles
Adocus sengokuensis
Arvinachelys goldeni
Bairdemys, Bairdemys thalassica, Stereogenyina
Baltemys, Baltemys velogastros
Corsochelys bentleyi
Gaffneylania
Gobiapalone, Gobiapalone palaeocenica, Kuhnemys
Gomphochelys
Judithemys, Judithemys russelli
Jurassichelon
Kimurachelys
Sandownidae
Mauremys oshiroi
Perochelys
Phunoichelys
Portlandemys, Portlandemys gracilis,
Sternotherus bonevalleyensis, Sternotherus palaeodorus
Taraschelon
Testudo brevitesta
Toremys
Trionyx jixiensis
Xiaochelys
===From 2014 in paleontology===
2014 in paleontology#Turtles
Ashleychelys, Ashleychelys palmeri
Atolchelys, Atolchelys lepida
Brodiechelys, Brodiechelys royoi
xinjiangchelyid
Titanochelon
Eodortoka
Gobiapalone
Kuhnemys
Hylaeochelys, Hylaeochelys kappa
Judithemys, Judithemys kranzi
Nemegtemys
Osonachelus
Riodevemys
Titanochelon
===From 2013 in paleontology===
2013 in paleontology#Turtles
Atoposemys
Bairdemys, Bairdemys healeyorum
Brachyopsemys
Sandownia
Camerochelys
Cardichelyon
Centrochelys marocana
Changmachelys
Chelonoidis lutzae
Chrysemys isoni
Cuora chiangmuanensis
Floridemys hurdi
Kappachelys
Laganemys
Taquetochelys
Neochelys, Neochelys liriae
Neurankylus, Neurankylus lithographicus, Neurankylinae
Nostimochelone, Podocnemidoidea (Higher taxon)
Ocadia (Mauremys), Ocadia tanegashimensis - Mauremys tanegashimensis
Paramongolemys
Planetochelys, Planetochelys dithyros
Psilosemys
Scabremys
Spoochelys, Spoochelys ormondea
Testudo oughlamensis
Trapalcochelys
Tullochelys
Xenochelys floridensis
Xinjiangchelys, Xinjiangchelys radiplicatoides, Xinjiangchelys wusu
===From 2012 in paleontology===
2012 in paleontology#Turtles
Ballerstedtia
bashuchelyid aka Bashuchelyidae family. Chengyuchelys
Galvechelone
Guangdongemys
Iberoccitanemys
Elochelys
Kinosternon, Kinosternon skullridgescens
Oertelia
Peligrochelys
Staurotypus, Staurotypus moschus
Terrapene parornata
Yuchelys
===From 2011 in paleontology===
2011 in paleontology#Turtles
Shweboemys, Shweboemys gaffneyi
Graptemys, Graptemys kerneri
Roxochelys, Roxochelys vilavilensis
Oliveremys
Wilburemys
===From 2010 in paleontology===
2010 in paleontology#Turtles
Pangshura, Pangshura tatrotia
===From 2009 in paleontology===
2009 in paleontology#Turtles
Chelonoidis, Chelonoidis alburyorum
Palatobaena Palatobaena cohen
===From 2008 in paleontology===
2008 in paleontology#Turtles
Kharakhutulia
===From 2007 in paleontology===
2007 in paleontology#Turtles
None
===From 2006 in paleontology===
2006 in paleontology#Turtles
Gigantatypus, Gigantatypus salahi
===From 2005 in paleontology===
2005 in paleontology#Turtles
None
===From 2004 in paleontology===
2004 in paleontology#Turtles
None
===From 2003 in paleontology===
2003 in paleontology#Turtles
None
===From 2002 in paleontology===
2002 in paleontology#Turtles
None
===From 2001 in paleontology===
2001 in paleontology#Turtles
Caribemys, Caribemys oxfordiensis
Cearachelys, Cearachelys placidoi
Kurmademys, Kurmademys kallamedensis
===From 2000 in paleontology===
2000 in paleontology#Turtles
None
|
[
"Trachemys haugrudi",
"Perochelys hengshanensis",
"Laganemys tenerensis",
"Taquetochelys decorata",
"Zangerlia neimongolensis",
"Ocadia",
"Adocusia",
"Proterochersis porebensis",
"2015 in paleontology",
"Adocus bossi",
"Actinemys pallida",
"Atolchelys",
"Thalassochelydia",
"Ashleychelys",
"Riodevemys",
"Neurankylus lithographicus",
"Guangdongemys",
"species:Thalassemyidae",
"Baltemys",
"Xinjiangchelys wusu",
"Tullochelys",
"Calcarichelys",
"Xenochelys floridensis",
"Mauremys aristotelica",
"Mauremys",
"Platychelys",
"Ballerstedtia",
"Helopanoplia",
"Keuperotesta",
"Palatobaena cohen",
"2017 in paleontology",
"2007 in paleontology",
"Hylaeochelys",
"Anhuichelys doumuensis",
"Eubaena cephalica",
"Wutuchelys",
"Judithemys kranzi",
"bashuchelyid",
"Iberoccitanemys",
"Kinosternon rincon",
"Haichemys",
"Brodiechelys royoi",
"Bothremydini",
"Platychelys oberndorferi",
"Kalasinemys",
"species:Carettochelyinae",
"Rosasia",
"Fontainechelon",
"Kinosternon",
"Kuhnemys",
"Erymnochelyinae",
"Owadowia",
"Palemys",
"Isanemys",
"Cabindachelys",
"Spoochelys",
"Nemegtemys",
"Pangshura",
"Cearachelys placidoi",
"Heckerochelys romani",
"Sichuanchelys palatodentata",
"Zangerlia",
"Adocus bostobensis",
"Ocadia tanegashimensis",
"2003 in paleontology",
"Changmachelys",
"Kurmademys",
"Taphrosphyini",
"Gaffneylania",
"Notoemys",
"Hylaeochelys kappa",
"Protoshachemys",
"Wilburemys",
"2012 in paleontology",
"Ilatardia",
"Eotaphrosphys",
"Adocus onerosus",
"Foxemydina",
"Taphrosphys congolensis",
"Gobiapalone",
"Baenodda",
"Chelonoidis lutzae",
"Staurotypus moschus",
"2019 in reptile paleontology",
"Ashleychelys palmeri",
"Tartaruscola",
"Allaeochelyini",
"Kurmademydini",
"species:Anosteirinae",
"Caribemys oxfordiensis",
"Sichuanchelys chowi",
"Pangshura tatrotia",
"Mauremys oshiroi",
"Francemys",
"Titanochelon",
"Baltemys velogastros",
"Palatobaena",
"Linderochelys rinconensis",
"Brachyopsemys",
"Laganemys",
"Testudo oughlamensis",
"Cearachelys",
"Eubaena",
"Trionyx jixiensis",
"Rhaptochelydia",
"Roxochelys",
"Kappachelys",
"Euraxemydidae",
"Podocnemidoidea",
"Bothremydodda",
"Procyclanorbis",
"Gigantatypus",
"Gigantatypus salahi",
"Planetochelys dithyros",
"Arvinachelys goldeni",
"Scabremys",
"Jurassichelon",
"Inaechelys",
"Mlynarskiella",
"Linderochelys",
"Terrapene parornata",
"Adocus orientalis",
"Cuora chiangmuanensis",
"Manouria oyamai",
"Adocus lineolatus",
"Sternotherus bonevalleyensis",
"Shweboemys gaffneyi",
"2008 in paleontology",
"Paiutemys",
"2013 in paleontology",
"Adocus kirtlandius",
"Kizylkumemys",
"Shachemys",
"2011 in paleontology",
"Stereogenyina",
"Xinjiangchelys",
"Yelmochelys",
"Peligrochelys",
"Eodortoka",
"Anhuichelys",
"Kinosternon wakeeniense",
"Pelomedusoides",
"Camerochelys vilanovai",
"Adocus sengokuensis",
"Prionochelys",
"Apalone amorense",
"Cardichelyon rogerwoodi",
"Procyclanorbis sardus",
"Centrochelys marocana",
"2010 in paleontology",
"Piramys",
"Adocus kizylkumensis",
"Saxochelys",
"Adocus syntheticus",
"Pantestudinidae",
"Eulalichelys",
"Kimurachelys",
"Xinjiangchelys radiplicatoides",
"Algorachelus",
"Tropidemys langii",
"Gomphochelys",
"Adocus hesperius",
"Sandownia",
"Galvechelone",
"Chelonoidis dominicensis",
"Neurankylinae",
"Oliveremys",
"Podocnemidera",
"Apeshemys",
"Chelonoidis",
"Chelonoidis alburyorum",
"Portlandemys gracilis",
"Atolchelys lepida",
"Adocus dzhurtasensis",
"Andrewsemys",
"Sandownidae",
"species:Sandonidae",
"Euraxemydoidea",
"Judithemys",
"Testudo brevitesta",
"Notoemys tlaxiacoensis",
"Akoranemys",
"2006 in paleontology",
"2016 in paleontology",
"2001 in paleontology",
"Bairdemys",
"Adocus firmus",
"Testudo catalaunica",
"xinjiangchelyid",
"Adocus aksary",
"Shweboemys",
"Algorachelus peregrinus",
"Clemmys hutchensorum",
"Graptemys kerneri",
"Kinosternon skullridgescens",
"Gobiapalone palaeocenica",
"species:Pan-Pleurodira",
"Neochelys",
"Nostimochelone",
"Proterochersis",
"Nanhsiungchelys",
"Neochelys liriae",
"Kurmademys kallamedensis",
"Yuraramirim",
"Taphrosphys",
"Cardichelyon",
"Tropidemys",
"Chuannanchelys",
"Ferganemys",
"Gaffneylania auricularis",
"Camerochelys",
"Lutemys",
"Floridemys hurdi",
"Planetochelys",
"2014 in paleontology",
"Oertelia",
"Kharakhutulia",
"Chengyuchelys",
"Pelorochelon",
"Xiaochelys",
"Shineusemys",
"Panpleurodira",
"Compsemydidae",
"Mendozachelys",
"Mauremys tanegashimensis",
"Pan-pleurodira",
"Sichuanchelys",
"Carettochelyinae",
"Adocus foveatus",
"Motelomama",
"Portlandemys",
"Helopanoplia distincta",
"Toremys",
"Achilemys",
"Yehguia",
"Spoochelys ormondea",
"Judithemys russelli",
"2000 in paleontology",
"Bairdemys thalassica",
"Rionegrochelys",
"Perochelys",
"Adocus pravus",
"Palemys bowerbankii",
"Bothremydinae",
"Kinosternon notolophus",
"2004 in paleontology",
"Jiangxichelys neimongolensis",
"Trapalcochelys",
"Staurotypus",
"Chrysemys isoni",
"Adocoides",
"Kizylkumemys schultzi",
"Corsochelys bentleyi",
"Neurankylus",
"Psilosemys",
"Heckerochelys",
"Stereogenys",
"Phunoichelys",
"2002 in paleontology",
"2005 in paleontology",
"Caribemys",
"Eocenochelus",
"Roxochelys vilavilensis",
"Adocus agilis",
"Thalassemydidae",
"Graptemys",
"Kinosternon pannekollops",
"Panemydidae",
"Hydromedusa casamayorensis",
"Piramys auffenbergi",
"2018 in reptile paleontology",
"Chelonoidis marcanoi",
"Osonachelus",
"Bashuchelyidae",
"Australochelyidae",
"Template talk:Taxonomy/Foxemydina",
"Yuchelys",
"Petrochelys",
"Dortokidae",
"Paramongolemys",
"Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis",
"Taquetochelys",
"Taraschelon",
"Brodiechelys",
"Bairdemys healeyorum",
"Proterochersis robusta",
"Anosteirinae",
"Atoposemys",
"Elochelys",
"2009 in paleontology",
"Mesochelydia",
"Sternotherus palaeodorus",
"Podocnemidoidae"
] |
62,102,699 |
Category:21st-century murders in New Zealand
|
[] |
|
62,102,700 |
File:Old Timers Wallpaper.jpg
|
==Summary==
== Licensing ==
|
[] |
62,102,704 |
Category:21st-century crimes in New Zealand
|
[] |
|
62,102,708 |
Category:Broadcasting in Romania
|
[] |
|
62,102,731 |
Category:20th-century murders in New Zealand
|
[] |
|
62,102,734 |
Category:19th-century murders in New Zealand
|
[] |
|
62,102,736 |
M. A. Jabbar (politician, born 1940)
|
M. A. Jabbar (15 February 1940 – 7 April 2020) is a Jatiya Party (Ershad) politician and the former Member of Parliament of Satkhira-2.
==Career==
Jabbar was elected to parliament from Satkhira-2 as a Jatiya Party candidate in 2008. In 2015, he was sued by the Anti Corruption Commission. He died on 7 April 2020.
|
[
"Satkhira-2",
"Abdul Khaleque Mondal",
"Jatiya Party (Ershad)",
"Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)",
"Mir Mostaque Ahmed Robi"
] |
62,102,742 |
Category:20th-century crimes in New Zealand
|
[] |
|
62,102,746 |
Category:19th-century crimes in New Zealand
|
[] |
|
62,102,759 |
Category:Covered bridges in Bedford County, Pennsylvania
|
Covered bridges in Bedford County, Pennsylvania.
|
[
"Bedford County, Pennsylvania"
] |
62,102,769 |
Category:Romanian newspaper people
|
[] |
|
62,102,771 |
Rodd Rathjen
|
Rod Rathjen is an Australian film director.
==Life==
He was born in Colbinabbin and graduated from the Victorian College of the Arts in 2010.
==Career==
His debut feature film is Buoyancy, which won the Panorama Prize from the Ecumenical Jury. He hopes that the movie sheds light on Thailand's fishing industry and educates Cambodians about the risk of migration.
|
[
"Buoyancy (film)",
"Colbinabbin"
] |
62,102,780 |
Category:Newspaper people by newspaper in Romania
|
[] |
|
62,102,782 |
Athletics at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games – Men's 800 metres
|
The men's 800 metres event at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games was held on 22, 24 and 25 July at the Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was the first time that the metric distance was contested at the Games, replacing the 880 yards event.
==Medalists==
==Results==
===Heats===
====Qualification for semifinals====
The first 4 in each heat (Q) qualified directly for the semifinals.
===Semifinals===
====Qualification for final====
The first 4 in each semifinal (Q) qualified directly for the final.
===Final===
|
[
"Muhammed Younis",
"Thomas Saisi",
"Meadowbank Stadium",
"Athletics at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games – Men's 800 metres",
"Peter Njera",
"Edinburgh",
"Richard Nandolo",
"Wilbert Moss",
"Patrick Francis (athlete)",
"Norman Trerise",
"Neville Myton",
"John Greatrex (athlete)",
"Bob Adams (runner)",
"Ralph Doubell",
"800 metres",
"Martin Winbolt-Lewis",
"Athletics at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games",
"Bill Smart",
"Leslie Miller (athlete)",
"Naftali Bon",
"Michael MacLean (Scottish athlete)",
"John Davies (English runner)",
"Keith Falla",
"Byron Dyce",
"Ben Cayenne",
"Musa Dogon Yaro",
"Fred Sowerby",
"Jaiye Abidoye",
"Phil Lewis (athlete)",
"Tony Harper (athlete)",
"Robert Ouko (athlete)",
"Ergas Leps",
"Hector Romero (athlete)",
"Chris Fisher (athlete)",
"Gerard Gangaram",
"Colin Campbell (Olympian)",
"Athletics at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games – Men's 880 yards"
] |
62,102,814 |
Ynysybwl Athletic A.F.C.
|
Ynysybwl Athletic A.F.C. was a Welsh football club from the village of Ynysybwl in Cwm Clydach in Wales and forms part of the community of Ynysybwl and Coed-y-cwm. They play in the .
The club played for 25 seasons in the Welsh Football League, before in the early 1990s merging with Pontypridd. After reforming, the club played in the Taff Ely & Rhymney Valley Alliance League and finished as champions in the 2018–19 season, their third title in four years in that division.
==History==
There is evidence of the club playing in the Welsh Football League in the 1920s and again for two seasons in the post-war period. They rejoined the league in the 1967–68 season and over the next twenty years fluctuated between the second and third tiers of the Welsh League. Promotion to the top flight was secured in 1989 and after a campaign at that level the club merged with Pontypridd Social Club to become Pontypridd-Ynysybwl. A year later, Ynysybwl was removed entirely from the club's identity as Pontypridd Town were formed.
The club reformed in the 2010s and played in the Taff Ely & Rhymney Valley Alliance League. Their first season in Division One in 2014–15 saw them finish fourth with the following season they moved up to the Premier Division, winning the first of their three titles in four years in that division (the fourth year they finished on equal points with the winners, losing out for the title only on goal difference.) At the end of the 2018–19 season the club again won the title, but lost to Maesteg Park in the South Wales Alliance League promotion play-off final. Later that summer the club withdrew from the 2019–20 season.
==Honours==
Welsh Football League Division Two (Tier 3 of the Welsh Football pyramid) – Champions: 1968–69
Welsh Football League Division One (Tier 3 of the Welsh Football pyramid) - Runners-Up: 1988–89
Taff Ely & Rhymney Valley Alliance League Premier League – Champions: 2015–16; 2016–17; 2018–19
Taff Ely & Rhymney Valley Alliance League Premier League – Runners-Up: 2017–18
Taff Ely & Rhymney Valley Alliance League Division One – Champions: 2021–22
==Welsh Football League history==
Information sourced from the Football Club History Database for Ynysybwl Athletic and Pontypridd-Ynysybwl, and the Welsh Soccer Archive.
Notes
|
[
"Welsh Football League Division Two",
"South Wales Alliance League",
"Pontypridd Town F.C.",
"community (Wales)",
"Welsh Football League Division One",
"Wales",
"Ynysybwl and Coed-y-cwm",
"Ynysybwl",
"Welsh Football League Division Three",
"Welsh Football League",
"Taff Ely & Rhymney Valley Alliance League"
] |
62,102,817 |
List of creatures in Meitei culture
|
Meitei people, being the predominant ethnic group in the Himalayan kingdom of Manipur, has diverse cultural contacts with diverse communities of other nations since ancient times. The case is the same with Meitei folklore as well as Meitei culture. This is a list of the creatures of Ancient Meetei folklore.
This doesn't include the list of deities in Meitei mythology, for which see Lists of deities in Sanamahism and Meitei deities.
==Mythological Animals==
== Dragons ==
== Evil Creatures ==
|
[
"Salailen Sidaba",
"Art and culture of Manipur",
"Himalayas",
"Khamba Thoibi",
"Hiyang Hiren",
"Nongshaba",
"Manipur",
"Marjing",
"ghosts",
"Meitei deities",
"Kao (bull)",
"Meitei people",
"Kangla Sha",
"simple:Uchek Langmeidong",
"Meetei folklore",
"Phumdis",
"simple:Samaton",
"Poubi Lai",
"evil",
"meat",
"Loktak lake",
"Pakhangba",
"Evils",
"playground",
"flesh",
"Lists of deities in Sanamahism",
"Meitei mythology"
] |
62,102,830 |
Category:21st-century crimes in Brazil
|
[] |
|
62,102,833 |
Category:20th-century crimes in Brazil
|
[] |
|
62,102,835 |
Category:21st-century crimes in South America
|
[] |
|
62,102,837 |
Voice Factory
|
Voice Factory is a reality show by Citi FM and Citi TV in Ghana, that initially started in 2009 on Citi FM and in 2019 the fourth edition of the reality show was telecast live on the television. The reality show is a singing competition, that brings together a number of contestants (singers, rappers and gospel acts) to compete for an ultimate price. Contestants are usually between the ages of 18 and 24.
Voice Factory aims to transform the musical careers of selected contestants, from various part of the country. These contestants will showcase and compete against each other for the ultimate prize and a chance to become music star. Contestants will embark on a thrilling journey, navigating through 12 weeks of themed competitions such as Reggae/Dancehall, Rhythm and Blues, Soul, Pop, Afro-pop/Hiplife, Highlife, Inspirational Gospel, Duet (Team-Up), Face-Offs, Acoustic Night, and Artiste Night.
Duration: contestants usually go through 12 themed weeks on various music genres.
== Winners ==
|
[
"Music genre",
"Ghana",
"Rapping",
"Gospel music",
"Citi FM (Ghana)"
] |
62,102,839 |
Category:20th-century crimes in South America
|
[] |
|
62,102,845 |
Wandering Witch: The Journey of Elaina
|
== Reception ==
The light novel series ranked ninth in 2018 in Takarajimasha's annual light novel guide book Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi!, in the category. It ranked sixth in 2019; and sixth again in 2020.
|
[
"Nippon BS Broadcasting",
"Kana Hanazawa",
"Piccoma",
"amnesia",
"Funimation",
"Aichi Television Broadcasting",
"tankōbon",
"Kyoto Broadcasting System",
"AT-X (company)",
"Crunchyroll, LLC",
"Minami Takahashi (voice actress)",
"Madman Entertainment",
"Southeast Asia",
"Kaede Hondo",
"manga",
"C2C (studio)",
"Kazuyuki Fudeyasu",
"Adventure fiction",
"Jōgi Shiraishi",
"South Asia",
"Muse Communication",
"Anime News Network",
"Fantasy",
"Toshiyuki Kubooka",
"Jad Saxton",
"Dani Chambers",
"sister complex",
"Sun Television",
"AT-X (TV network)",
"Amber Lee Connors",
"Newtype",
"ChouCho",
"YouTube",
"anime",
"Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi!",
"Amazon (company)",
"Sony",
"Crunchyroll",
"Wakanim",
"Manga Up!",
"National Geographic",
"Leah Clark",
"Reina Ueda",
"Yen Press",
"Shōnen manga",
"Japan",
"New York Comic Con",
"Kindle Direct Publishing",
"Square Enix",
"light novel",
"Yōko Hikasa",
"panties",
"Takarajimasha",
"Tomoyo Kurosawa",
"Tokyo MX",
"SB Creative"
] |
62,102,850 |
SM Mujibur Rahman
|
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former Member of Parliament of Satkhira-1.
==Career==
Rahman was elected to parliament from Satkhira-1 as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate in 2008.
|
[
"Satkhira-1",
"Mustafa Lutfullah",
"Habibul Islam Habib",
"Bangladesh Awami League"
] |
62,102,855 |
Category:20th-century murders in Brazil
|
[] |
|
62,102,860 |
Category:21st-century murders in Brazil
|
[] |
|
62,102,868 |
Category:21st-century murders in South America
|
[] |
|
62,102,870 |
Category:20th-century murders in South America
|
[] |
|
62,102,881 |
Rostyslav Lyakh
|
Rostyslav Mykolayovych Lyakh (; born 12 October 2000) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Rukh Lviv.
==Career==
Lyakh is a product of the FC Karpaty Lviv School Sportive System.
He made his debut for FC Karpaty as a substitute in the derby match against FC Lviv on 19 October 2019 in the Ukrainian Premier League.
|
[
"Midfielder (association football)",
"2023 UEFA European Under-21 Championship",
"Mukachevo",
"Association football",
"FC Karpaty Halych",
"Ukraine national under-18 football team",
"Ukraine national under-21 football team",
"FC Lviv",
"Ukrainian Premier League",
"FC Karpaty Lviv",
"Ukraine national under-19 football team",
"UEFA European Under-21 Championship",
"football (soccer)",
"MFA Munkacs Mukachevo",
"Lviv State University of Physical Culture",
"FC Rukh Lviv"
] |
62,102,894 |
Category:21st-century murders in Colombia
|
[] |
|
62,102,897 |
Category:20th-century murders in Colombia
|
[] |
|
62,102,905 |
Habibul Islam Habib
|
Habibul Islam Habib is a politician who is secretary of publication affairs of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and a former member of parliament for Satkhira-1.
==Early life and education==
He was born on 1965 in Kalaroa Upozila in Satkhira District from a renowned muslim family. Completing his education from school & college level, he was admitted in the University of Dhaka on 1985 in the Department of Physics. In 1990, He was elected as Science Auditorium Affairs Secretary of DUCSU.
==Career==
Habib was elected to parliament from Satkhira-1 as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate in 2001. In 2015, he was charged with attacking a convoy of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in Satkhira in 2002.
|
[
"SM Mujibur Rahman",
"Bangladesh Nationalist Party",
"BM Nazrul Islam",
"Sheikh Hasina",
"Satkhira",
"Satkhira-1",
"Kalaroa Upazila",
"Syed Kamal Bakht",
"Ansar Ali",
"secretary (title)"
] |
62,102,907 |
Category:21st-century crimes in Colombia
|
[] |
|
62,102,908 |
Dundas Street
|
Dundas Street () is a major historic arterial road in Ontario, Canada. The road connects the city of Toronto with its western suburbs and several cities in southwestern Ontario. Three provincial highways—2, 5, and 99—followed long sections of its course, although these highway segments have since been downloaded to the municipalities they passed through. Originally intended as a military route to connect the shipping port of York (now Toronto) to the envisioned future capital of London, Ontario, the street today connects Toronto landmarks such as Yonge–Dundas Square and the city's principal Chinatown to rural villages and the regional centres of Hamilton and London.
A historic alternate name for the street was Governor's Road, as its construction was supervised by John Graves Simcoe, lieutenant governor of Upper Canada; and the section between Hamilton and Paris still bears that name, albeit without an apostrophe.
Dundas Street is also one of the few east-west routes to run uninterrupted through the central and western Greater Toronto Area, from Toronto to Hamilton (the others are Lake Shore Boulevard/Lakeshore Road, Eglinton Avenue, Steeles Avenue/Taunton Road, Queen Street (Brampton)/Highway 7, and Bovaird Drive/Castlemore Road/Rutherford Road/Carrville Road/16th Avenue). Within Toronto, the TTC's 505 Dundas streetcar route serves the street from Riverdale to the Junction.
Following controversy over the namesake of the street, Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, in delaying the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade, Toronto City Council voted in 2021 to rename the section of the street within Toronto – with other municipalities reviewing their use of the name. From Kipling, Dundas is a six-lane arterial road, and began to follow the former Highway 5 (which ran along the more direct Bloor east of that point). West of Cloverdale Mall, Dundas Street meets Highway 427 at a parclo interchange.
Upon crossing the Toronto boundary at Etobicoke Creek, the street enters Mississauga, in the Peel Region and follows a southwestern heading. It then enters Halton Region and passes through Oakville and Burlington, and then Waterdown (a part of Hamilton). It leaves the former Highway 5 alignment (which continues west as a still-provincially maintained highway through rural Brant County) west of Highway 6 in Waterdown, and resumes to the south in its namesake former town Dundas (today also part of Hamilton) and follows the former Highway 99 (now Hamilton Road 99) and assumes its alternate name, Governors Road, after crossing Main Street (the original Highway 8). It follows the entire length of former Hwy. 99 west to Osborne Corners where it follows former Highway 5 again to Paris, where it joined former Highway 2 and picks up the name Dundas again. Through most of Paris, Highway 2 bypasses it as it becomes a broken residential street, but rejoins it to follow King Edward Street. The name again resumes west of Paris as the street proceeds west along the former highway through Woodstock en route to London.
In London, the street ends just east of the confluence of the Thames River before it crosses the Kensington Bridge to west London. Originally, this section was called "Dundas Street West" with the eastern portion being "Dundas Street East". However, since construction in the mid-1980s, the entire western portion has been called "Riverside Drive". Some Londoners still refer to the non-renamed portion "Dundas Street East" though it no longer bears an "East" designation. Riverside Drive ends further west at junction with Boler Road and Sanatorium Road.
=== Dundas Street Bridge ===
A three-hinged ribbed steel arch bridge was built from 1910 to 1911 to span the Don River valley and railway tracks (now used by the Don Valley Parkway) below. The bridge was a set of four Warren pony truss spans connected by a shorter riveted Warren deck truss spans to the east and west.
Northeast of Yonge and Dundas is the Ryerson University campus. To the east of downtown, Dundas travels through the older Cabbagetown neighbourhood, and the large Regent Park public housing project fills the block south of Dundas between Parliament Street and River Street.
The Dundas and Bay Street area, west to University Avenue, has been developing into a Little Tokyo district. It was previously the location of Toronto's original Chinatown.
===Art Gallery district===
Dundas Street is the address of the Art Gallery of Ontario, which takes a full city block on the south side of the street, at the corner of McCaul Street, just west of University Avenue. The north side of the street between McCaul and Beverley is also home to several private art galleries. Just to the south of Dundas on McCaul is OCAD University.
== History ==
Dundas Street was developed in different time periods and in different sections. The section of the street near Dundas Valley, today known as Governors Road and earlier as Governor's Road, was surveyed by Augustus Jones and constructed by the Queen's Rangers from 1793 to 1794 as a military supply route at the direction of John Graves Simcoe, first lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada. It connected Coote's Paradise, which was later renamed Dundas in reference to the road, which in turn was named after Simcoe's friend Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, to London, the planned capital at the time, and around Lake Ontario to Newark, today Niagara-on-the-Lake.
In 1796, Dundas Street was extended from just west of what is today Highway 6 east towards York. The road was constructed away from the lake shore, and the American border, so a communication link could be maintained in the event of an invasion. This new section of the street to York was detached from the section from London to Dundas. Instead, the two sections were connected by York Road, which traversed the section of the Niagara Escarpment between them along the path of modern day York Road, Valley Road, and Patterson Road.
In York, the road ended at the Humber River at Old Mill Road, following the path of today's Bloor Street within Etobicoke. A bridge was built in 1811 to cross the Humber, followed by a series of other bridges over the years. Dundas was re-routed in 1928, which resulted in what is now Old Dundas Street on either side of the Humber. The western section of Old Dundas Street becomes Home Smith Park Road. The current bridge over the Humber opened in 1957 (repaired in 1973 and 2009) to replace the 1907 iron trestle that lost approaches on both ends during Hurricane Hazel in 1954 and resulted in the old bridge being demolished in 1955. An 1800 map shows Dundas connecting with the newly built Yonge Street, although the map does not show the route of this section within Toronto with any detail. An 1816 map of York shows a "Burlington Road", which was a westward extension of today's Queen Street.
The first section of the current route of Dundas Street constructed in Toronto was constructed during the War of 1812. It connected today's intersection of Queen Street and Ossington Avenue to Lambton Mills. It was constructed by the militia under the supervision of George Taylor Denison. The section of today's Ossington Avenue from Queen Street north to the intersection of Dundas Street was also known as Dundas. At the time, the district along Dundas was not cleared. Montgomery's Inn was built on Dundas Street in 1830 for travellers along this route and also became a center of neighbourhood business in the village of Islington. It stands today, operated as a museum by the City of Toronto.
From Ossington Avenue to the east, Dundas was pieced together from various streets. In the latter half of the 19th century, Arthur Street was connected from Ossington Avenue and Dundas Street to Bathurst Street along the current alignment of Dundas. St. Patrick Street, the portion of today's Dundas from Bathurst Street to (east of McCaul Street it was called Anderson Street) College Avenue (now University Avenue) bisected the Grange estate in 1877. The section from College Avenue (now University Avenue) to Yonge Street was known as Agnes Street. East of Yonge, it was Crookshank Street, Wilton Street, with a portion called Wilton Crescent (George Street to Sherbourne Avenue), and finally Beech Street to River Street. Beyond River, Dundas was severed until a steel Arch bridge was built over the Don River in 1910–1911. From 1922 to 1923, the jog from Agnes Street to Wilton was eliminated, tearing down several buildings at the intersection with Victoria Street and chopping a section off of 171 Victoria Street (the former home of Egerton Ryerson) and renumbering it as 38–40 Dundas Street East. East of the Don, various streets were connected by jogs in the 20th century to form the current road. From the 1920s until the 1940s, Dundas Street terminated at Broadview Avenue in the east. In the 1950s, the city of Toronto implemented a project to extend Dundas eastwards from Broadview to Kingston Road as a new four-lane traffic arterial in order to provide an alternative east–west route to Gerrard and Queen. From west to east, Crawford Street, Elliot Street, Whitby Street, Dickens, Dagmar, Doel, Applegrove and Ashbridge Avenues as well as Maughan Crescent and Hemlock Avenue were all cleared and widened. In some cases, alleyways were used to connect these nine separate streets.
Through Mississauga, it is served by the MiWay bus routes 1 and 101/101A starting from the Kipling Bus Terminal next to Kipling station. In Oakville, the Oakville Transit bus route 24 runs on Dundas street between the border with Mississauga and Trafalgar Road and by bus route 5/5A between Trafalgar and Highway 407. In Burlington, Dundas Street has no dedicated transit route and only has transit service until Guelph Line with the Burlington Transit bus routes 2, 3, 6, and 11 and Oakville Transit bus route 24 all providing service along different sections of the street. In Hamilton, Dundas Street is served by the Hamilton Street Railway bus route 18 through Waterdown.
=== Proposed bus rapid transit ===
The Dundas Street bus rapid transit (Dundas BRT) is a proposed bus rapid transit (BRT) corridor proposed by Metrolinx that would run along Dundas Street. It is planned to run from Kipling Bus Terminal, which connects to Line 2 Bloor–Danforth in Etobicoke, Toronto to Highway 6 in Waterdown, Hamilton. The project is part of the regional transportation plan The Big Move.
== Name controversy ==
Amid the protests following the murder of George Floyd in 2020, over 10,000 people signed a petition calling for the city to rename Dundas Street, due to Henry Dundas's "involvement in supporting the gradual abolition of the slave trade in the British Empire in the 18th century" as opposed to immediate abolition. On , Mayor John Tory stated that a working group would be formed "to examine the issue of renaming streets in a broader sense".
The city's final report, published in June 2021, supported renaming the street, concluding that Dundas "played an instrumental role in delaying the abolition of the slave trade" and that this conflicts with "the values of equity and inclusion" of the city. The city's process also sparked reviews of the use of the Dundas name in other areas of the province, including Mississauga, London and Hamilton.
On July 6, 2021, the City of Toronto's executive committee unanimously supported the renaming of Dundas Street. During public deputations, former Governor General Adrienne Clarkson stated that "the name of Dundas has no relevance to Canada ... he has no connection to Toronto". On December 14, 2023, Toronto city council decided to rename a few city landmarks containing the name Dundas, but not Dundas Street due to cost.
|
[
"parclo",
"Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville",
"The Big Move",
"Hurontario Street",
"Regional Municipality of Peel",
"Spadina Avenue",
"Art Gallery of Ontario",
"John Tory",
"George Floyd protests in Canada",
"Atlantic slave trade",
"southwestern Ontario",
"Abolitionism in the United Kingdom",
"Dundas West station",
"Etobicoke",
"John Graves Simcoe",
"Regent Park",
"Highbury Avenue",
"Don Valley Parkway",
"Toronto",
"Queen Elizabeth Way",
"Jane Street (Toronto)",
"Bovaird Drive",
"Japantown",
"Ontario Highway 19",
"List of former provincial highways in Ontario",
"Kipling Avenue",
"Downtown Toronto",
"Veterans Memorial Parkway",
"OCAD University",
"Egerton Ryerson",
"High Park",
"CBC News",
"Rutherford Road",
"Oakville Transit",
"Yonge-Dundas Square",
"Toronto Star",
"MiWay",
"Oakville, Ontario",
"the Beaches, Toronto",
"Highway 2 (Ontario)",
"Winston Churchill Boulevard",
"Gerrard Street (Toronto)",
"Ontario Highway 5",
"Kingston, Ontario",
"Lambton Mills",
"Lake Shore Boulevard",
"the Junction",
"List of numbered roads in Halton Region",
"Chinatown, Toronto",
"Hamilton Street Railway",
"Paris, Ontario",
"Metrolinx",
"Kipling station",
"Ontario Highway 407",
"Burnhamthorpe Road",
"Kipling Bus Terminal",
"Toronto City Council",
"List of roads in London, Ontario",
"Toronto Metropolitan University",
"Roncesvalles Avenue",
"Yonge–Dundas Square",
"Brampton",
"Eaton Centre, Toronto",
"Nathan Phillips Square",
"Niagara-on-the-Lake",
"Niagara Escarpment",
"Queen's Rangers",
"Dixie Road (Peel Region)",
"Montgomery's Inn",
"Cabbagetown, Toronto",
"Parliament Street (Toronto)",
"Burlington, Ontario",
"lieutenant governor of Upper Canada",
"Toronto streetcar system",
"bus rapid transit",
"Middlesex County, Ontario",
"The Globe and Mail",
"Ontario Highway 6",
"Toronto Transit Commission",
"Mississauga",
"Regional Municipality of Halton",
"Eglinton Avenue",
"CP Rail",
"Ontario Highway 427",
"murder of George Floyd",
"List of roads in Mississauga",
"List of numbered roads in Hamilton, Ontario",
"Islington-Six Points",
"Great Britain",
"Line 2 Bloor–Danforth",
"Cootes Drive",
"Thames River (Ontario)",
"Bloor Street",
"Riverdale, Toronto",
"Ontario Highway 401",
"Ontario",
"Ontario Highway 7",
"Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area",
"University of Toronto",
"Dundas, Ontario",
"Ontario Highway 59",
"Upper Canada",
"York, Upper Canada",
"Ontario Highway 8",
"505 Dundas",
"Greater Toronto Area",
"Ossington Avenue",
"Hurricane Hazel",
"Ontario Highway 99",
"Yonge Street",
"Burlington Transit",
"Islington Avenue",
"McCaul Street",
"Dufferin Street",
"pedestrian scramble",
"City Hall (Toronto)",
"Brockton Village",
"Augustus Jones",
"East Toronto",
"Little Portugal, Toronto",
"Adrienne Clarkson",
"Queen Street (Toronto)",
"London, Ontario",
"Highway 403 (Ontario)",
"Michener Institute",
"Don River (Ontario)",
"The Kingsway, Toronto",
"Arch bridge",
"Cloverdale Mall",
"Oxford County, Ontario",
"Brant County, Ontario",
"Ontario Highway 24",
"Ontario Highway 25",
"Kingston Road (Toronto)",
"Bathurst Street (Toronto)",
"Hamilton, Ontario",
"Ontario Highway 403",
"Toronto Transit Commission bus system",
"Queen Street Viaduct",
"Broadview Avenue",
"College Street (Toronto)",
"University Avenue (Toronto)",
"Waterdown, Ontario",
"Keele Street",
"Brant County",
"Etobicoke Creek",
"Ontario Highway 2",
"First Chinatown, Toronto",
"Steeles Avenue",
"Front Street (Toronto)",
"Woodstock, Ontario",
"Humber River (Ontario)",
"List of numbered roads in Peel Region",
"Kensington Market",
"Ireland",
"Lakeshore Road",
"Canadian Broadcasting Corporation",
"Coxwell Avenue"
] |
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