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79,763,260	Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 April 21	< April 20 April 22 > ===April 21===	[]
79,763,261	File:Doctor Who Lux.jpg	== Summary == == Licensing ==	[]
79,763,267	Category:Kordall Steelers players		[]
79,763,269	File:Spies in Disguise 2 Poster.png	[EMPTY OR DELETED TEXT CONTENT IN THIS REVISION]	[]
79,763,280	Draft:Eddie 9V	Eddie 9V (pronounced "Eddie Nine Volt") is an American singer, guitarist, and songwriter. == Music Releases == Eddie 9V's discography reflects his evolution as an artist: Left My Soul in Memphis (2019) Little Black Flies (2021) Way Down the Alley (Live at Blind Willie's) (2020) Capricorn (2022): Recorded at the historic Capricorn Studios in Macon, Georgia, this album debuted at #1 on the charts before being overtaken by Bonnie Raitt—a milestone Eddie recalls with pride. Saratoga (2024)	[ "funk", "Southern soul", "blues", "Bonnie Raitt", "Macon, Georgia", "Ruf Records", "rock" ]
79,763,282	File:Te Kooti Portrait.webp	==Summary== ==Licensing==	[]
79,763,286	Category:Anti-Venezuelan sentiment		[]
79,763,291	File:Miss Universe Chile Logo.png	==Summary== ==Licensing==	[]
79,763,298	Moslehuddin Ahmed	Moslehuddin Ahmed was an Indian politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. He was a three-time MLA for Gangarampur at the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. ==Career== Ahmed successfully contested in the 1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election where he ran as a Communist Party of India candidate for Gangarampur Assembly constituency, defeating former MLA and Communist politician Ahindra Sarker. He contested in the 1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election where he regained his seat after defeating Sarker once again. Ahmed lost to Sarker at the 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. Ahmed contested in the 1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election where he ran as an Indian Congress (Socialist) candidate, defeating Marxist politician Arabinda Chakraborty. He returned to the Indian National Congress at the 1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election but lost in this election.	[ "Indian National Congress", "1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election", "Minati Ghosh", "Ahindra Sarkar", "Gangarampur Assembly constituency", "1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election", "1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election", "Bengal Presidency", "Communist Party of India", "1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election", "West Dinajpur district", "1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election", "Indian Congress (Socialist)", "West Bengal Legislative Assembly" ]
79,763,319	Malcolm Lord	Malcolm Lord (born 25 October 1946) is an English former professional footballer who spent nearly his entire career at Hull City. Playing primarily as a midfielder, he also briefly featured for both California Surf and Scarborough towards the end of his playing days. == Career == Lord was born in Driffield, and joined nearby Hull City as an amateur in 1964. On 3 June 1973, Lord was one of four Hull players to score in the club's 5–0 friendly win over Guyana in Georgetown. A few months later, on 29 September 1973, the Englishman scored a brace against Cardiff City at Ninian Park, earning his side a 3–1 win. Lord is a member of a select group of players who have featured for Hull City over 150 times. As a thank you for his service to the club, Lord was granted a testimonial, in which he captained an ex-Tigers side against a TV All-Stars XI led by Hull-born actor and presenter Roy North. 1966 World Cup winner Sir Bobby Charlton is believed to have featured in this game.	[ "Guyana national football team", "Testimonial match", "Bobby Charlton", "Roy North", "Driffield", "Cardiff City F.C.", "California Surf", "Scarborough F.C.", "Ninian Park", "association football", "Midfielder", "1966 FIFA World Cup", "Derby County F.C.", "Georgetown, Guyana", "Hull City A.F.C." ]
79,763,320	Siege of Trieste (1813)	The siege of Trieste in September–October 1813 was an action of the War of the Sixth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. At the time, Trieste was a city in the Illyrian Provinces of the First French Empire. It was defended by the Army of Italy under the command of Eugène de Beauharnais, viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy. The city came under attack by the Austrian Empire on land and by the British Empire by sea. A state of siege was declared by the garrison commander on 7 September, but the city was not surrounded until 20 September. The main French force retreated from the area in early October, leaving only the citadel to be defended by the garrison. After fierce fighting and heavy bombardment, terms of surrender were signed on 29 October and the French march out on 8 November. ==Preliminaries== In response to the Battle of Lippa on 7 September, Colonel Rabié declared a state of siege in Trieste, ordering its inhabitants to remain in the homes as far as it was possible. All citizens between the ages of 18 and 60 were conscripted into a national guard based on the city's eight districts. The guard was assigned night patrols. On 10 September, the Austrians made an incursion into Trieste, first defeating the French at . The French reinforced their position in the with sandbags and tactical demolitions. At 0430 hours, 150 Austrian infantry and 30 Hungarian and Croatian hussars attacked the . They took fire from the castle and the . Two men were killed on each side. In response to this incursion, the cathedral was closed but the French occupied the bell tower until 17 September. The newspaper was shut down. In late September, Admiral Thomas Fremantle and his Royal Navy flotilla rendezvoused at Koper with General Laval Nugent von Westmeath. The navy was to blockade Trieste from the sea, while Nugent besieged it by land. Captain William Hoste and the participated in the early stage of the blockade, before being called away. ==Surrounding== On 17 September, the 3rd Italian Line Regiment of the 5th Division was ordered by General Domenico Pino to reinforce the garrison in Trieste. The French viceroy of Italy, Eugène de Beauharnais, then replaced Pino with Giuseppe Federico Palombini. On 20 September, Nugent ordered Major Gavenda to advance on Postojna and Prevalje while he himself took up a position on Monte Spaccato, thus surrounding the city. Nugent's force consisted of twelve infantry companies, half a squadron of hussars and six companies of . Nugent attempted to cut off Palombini's retreat on 3 October, but the latter managed to escape to Gorizia. At the same time, General chose to abandon Trieste. Retreating to Gorizia, he left only a garrison in the castle of San Giusto under Colonel Rabié. The siege of Trieste is sometimes said to have begun after this, on 5 October. Breaking off his pursuit of Palombini, Nugent marched on Trieste on 11 October with one battalion of infantry, one battalion of Grenzers, one battalion of Istrian and half a squadron of Radetzky Hussars. The French garrison consisted of 800 men and 55 heavy cannons. ==Attack== On 13 October, a Royal Navy flotilla consisting of the ships Elizabeth, Tremendous, Eagle, Havannah and Cerberus, the brigs Hazard, Wise and Haughty and two transports under Admiral Fremantle entered Trieste. At , they disembarked 450 infantry, 20 artillerymen, four field guns and two six-pound mortars and immediately began a bombardment of the castle. The land campaign was entrusted to General Christoph von Lattermann. On 13 October, the French reoccupied the bell tower, placing a cannon and four mortars there. On the night of 13/14 October, Lattermann sent two companies of the 52nd Infantry Battalion, five Grenzers and a platoon of hussars under his chief of staff, d'Aspre, into the of Trieste. On 14 October, Colonel Rabié offered to surrender on terms the Austrians rejected. On 16 October, the Austrians and British launched a bombardment that lasted from 0600 to 1500 hours. The British, overshooting the castle, did much damage to the city. There was heavy fighting on the 18 October. Some Croatian troops looted the evacauted homes along San Michele street. On 22 October, the French were compelled to abandon the bell tower by five Austrian howitzers. On 23 October, Captain Szneznitzky led an attack on the gunpowder stores called the Sanza. Aided by the British artillery under Captain Rowby, he took a French captain and 46 men prisoner for the loss of 17 killed and 46 wounded. The attackers kept up a constant bombardment through the night of 24/25 October in order to prevent the French from recovering the Sanza. ==Surrender== On 25 October, Colonel Rabié proposed new terms of surrender, which were accepted in principle. Final terms were agreed on 29 October. They were signed by Rabié, Fremantle and Nugent. A Mass was celebrated in the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore on 31 October and in the damaged cathedral on 2 November. On 3 November, the handover of the castle was set for 1000 hours on 8 November. The French marched out with the honours of war, led by Major Lazzarich. They were disarmed and escorted to the advance posts of the Army of Italy. There were 641 men who left behind 182 cannons of all types. The French had suffered 150 killed. The Austrians put Trieste under the command of Count . The British fleet transported Nugent and his troops from Trieste to the delta of the Po to continue the war in Italy.	[ "Gorizia", "HMS Elizabeth", "Koper", "Giuseppe Federico Palombini", "William Hoste", "Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814", "Italian campaign of 1813–1814", "Prevalje", "HMS Havannah (1811)", "Eugène de Beauharnais", "British Empire", "Postojna", "Grenzer", "Trieste Cathedral", "Laval Nugent von Westmeath", "Napoleonic Wars", "Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)", "First French Empire", "Illyrian Provinces", "HMS Tremendous", "War of the Sixth Coalition", "Count Radetzky's 5th Hussar Regiment", "HMS Eagle (1804)", "Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, Trieste", "Trieste", "Battle of Lippa", "Army of Italy (France)", "Thomas Fremantle (Royal Navy officer)", "Austrian Empire", "Domenico Pino", "Christoph von Lattermann", "HMS Cerberus (1794)", "Royal Navy", "Landwehr" ]
79,763,343	Olive Juliet Cockerell	Olive Juliet Cockerell (1868-1910) was an English artist and illustrator trained in the Arts and Crafts school. She and her partner later became early pioneers of "French gardening" in the UK. ==Family== Cockerell was born in Dulwich, London on 13 September 1868, the daughter of Sydney John Cockerell (1842–1877) and Alice Elizabeth (née Bennett). Her brothers were Sydney Carlyle Cockerell who became director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell, Their maternal grandfather, John Bennett, was described by members of the Cockerell family as 'abominable' and 'something of a monster'. ==Arts and crafts== Cockerell studied at Chiswick School of Art in the late 1880s. She became an artist and illustrator and her drawings earned the admiration of John Ruskin. and she visited him at Brantwood, his lake district home, early in 1888. She illustrated children's books authored by A. M. W. Stirling and by Mary De Morgan (a close family friend of William Morris) Cockerell's brother, Sydney, had worked with William Morris from 1892 as his private secretary, was secretary to Morris' Kelmscott Press and, after Morris died in 1896, he was an executor. This led to Olive visiting Kelmscott in 1901, the home of William Morris and where his wife Jane Morris still spent much of her time. A close and enduring friendship developed between the two women who shared various traits and interests including that for gardening, Jane Morris wrote that Olive had "promised to come for a long stay in Spring" (of 1902). Cockerell and Nussey became friends and decided to undertake the development a French market garden, growing and selling fresh local fruit and vegetables. ==Death== Cockerell suffered a decline in her health and she died of cancer on 24 July 1910 at St. Thomas’s Home (part of St Thomas' Hospital, London). Her death led to the closure of the market garden which folded in September 1910. Her ashes were scattered onto Coniston Water from Ruskin's boat.	[ "Godparent", "William Morris", "Helen Nussey", "Kelmscott Press", "Octavia Hill", "acres", "Coniston Water", "Arts and Crafts", "Market garden", "French intensive gardening", "lake district", "St Thomas' Hospital", "Southwater", "Fitzwilliam Museum", "artist", "John Bennett (watchmaker)", "Brantwood", "illustrator", "Jane Morris", "Edward VII", "Chanctonbury Ring", "Kelmscott", "Chiswick School of Art", "John Ruskin", "entomologist", "Sydney Cockerell", "A. M. W. Stirling", "Mary De Morgan", "Douglas Cockerell", "Dulwich", "London", "Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell", "Horsham" ]
79,763,345	Young University	Young University may refer to various schools named after Brigham Young, including: Brigham Young College, a former secondary school and junior college in Logan, Utah Brigham Young University, in Provo, Utah Church University, a former university in Salt Lake City, Utah (known as "Young University" during development)	[ "Salt Lake City", "Brigham Young College", "Brigham Young", "Junior college", "Logan, Utah", "Brigham Young University", "Secondary education in the United States", "Provo, Utah", "Church University (Salt Lake City)" ]
79,763,354	Category:S.C. Lusitânia basketball players		[]
79,763,356	Category:2024 crimes in Haiti		[]
79,763,364	File:SNES The Mask cover art.jpg	==Summary== ==Licensing==	[]
79,763,370	Battle of Mardin	The Battle of Mardin was fought in 1833 during the Rawanduz Revolt between the forces of the Soran Emirate under Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz and the Ottoman Empire led by Reşid Mehmed Pasha. The confrontation occurred in and around the ancient city of Mardin in Upper Mesopotamia. == Background == Following his victories across Iraqi and Iranian Kurdistan, Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz set his sights on Mardin, a strategically important Ottoman city. The capture of Mardin was intended to expand Soran Emirate influence deeper into the heart of Upper Mesopotamia and challenge Ottoman authority in the region. == Battle == Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz led an aggressive campaign against the Ottoman defenders of Mardin. Despite limited information about the troop numbers and tactical movements, it is known that his forces managed to breach the city’s defenses. Reşid Mehmed Pasha’s troops suffered heavy casualties and ultimately lost control of the City. == Aftermath == The fall of Mardin to the Soran Emirate marked a significant moment in the Rawanduz Revolt, showing the strength and ambition of Muhammad Pasha’s campaign. However, the victory was short-lived as the Ottomans would later regroup and launch counterattacks in their effort to restore dominance in the region.	[ "Reşid Mehmed Pasha", "troops", "Ottoman Empire", "Iraq", "Upper Mesopotamia", "Kurdish rebellions", "Mardin", "Soran Emirate", "Muhammad Pasha of Rawanduz", "Iranian Kurdistan", "Siege of Amadiya", "Rawanduz Revolt", "Battle of Rawanduz" ]
79,763,379	File:Lorne book cover.jpg	==Summary== ==Licensing==	[ "Lorne: The Man Who Invented Saturday Night Live" ]
79,763,383	Old Town Hall, Bawtry	The Old Town Hall is a former municipal building in Bawtry, a town in South Yorkshire, in England. The building was constructed in 1890 as an events venue, able to seat 450 people, the construction costing £1,100. In the 1930s, it was converted into a working men's club. In the 1950s, it became a car showroom, then a florist. In 2016, it was converted into an art gallery, with the insertion of a mezzanine floor. In 2024, plans were approved to extend the building to the rear, providing two apartments along with a smaller commercial space at the front. The building is constructed of red brick, with a gabled stucco front, three bays wide. The gable is topped by a lead-clad cupola with a weathervane.	[ "stucco", "working men's club", "mezzanine floor", "weathervane", "South Yorkshire", "Bawtry", "cupola" ]
79,763,384	File:WinG Graphics Calibration Screen.png	== Summary == The screen with red curves used to calibrate the graphics display of a game. It shows the first time the game is launched or when display settings are changed. Fair use rationale: This is the screen generated by the WinG software used to calibrate the display for software using the API. This image directly illustrates how the subject of the article operates, and because WinG is owned by Microsoft, no free alternatives are available. This is only a calibration screen from a long defunct OS (Windows 3.11), and is not sold to consumers but only available to developers, this image does not degrade Microsoft's financial interests in the product. == Licensing ==	[]
79,763,387	Category:2000 establishments in Hangzhou		[]
79,763,388	Draft:Alfredo Juarez Zeferino	---- Alfredo Juarez Zeferino (Lelo), (2000) is a farmworker, community organizer, and immigrant to the United States. Lelo was born in Mexico and immigrated to the state of Washington as a child. = Childhood = Lelo was born in Mexico and immigrated to the state of Washington as a child. he help found a local farmworkers union called Familias Unidas por la Justicia. The union is lead by Edgar Franks. Franks credits Lelo with helping to pass the 2021 state standards around heat exposure for farmworkers. Other farmworkers say Lelo helped them talk to lawmakers and strike. Courts ordered he be deported in 2018, but he was not arrested by ICE until March 25th 2025. In April 2025, his case was reopened by his legal council as they sought to remove the deportation order.	[ "WP:ONEEVENT" ]
79,763,390	Category:2000 establishments in Zhejiang		[]
79,763,393	File:Before the Tutorial Starts light novel volume 1 cover.jpg	==Summary== == Licensing ==	[ "ASCII Media Works" ]
79,763,394	Category:2003 establishments in Hangzhou		[]
79,763,395	Category:2003 establishments in Zhejiang		[]
79,763,397	Template:Did you know nominations/Erotic Probiotic 2		[ "COVID-19", "Erotic Probiotic 2" ]
79,763,404	File:2025 Stanley Cup playoffs logo.png	==Summary== ==Licensing==	[]
79,763,409	Category:Jockeys from Kentucky		[]
79,763,410	File:PHX Arena logo.svg	==Summary== ==Licensing==	[]
79,763,412	Draft:HaptX	HaptX is a company based in the U.S. that makes haptic gloves for 3D human computer-interaction. HaptX has advertised gloves for virtual reality. The gloves are large and require a wired connection to a device that drives the haptic actuation. HaptX is based in Redmond, Washington. The gloves use haptic technology to convey a sense of touch to the wearer. They allow a wearer to feel virtual objects. The gloves are compatible with SteamVR lighthouse tracking using Vive trackers. HaptX' technology uses microfluidics. The gloves are pneumatic and have more than 100 actuators per glove. HaptX has developed a few different models of haptic gloves. HaptX' development kit 2 gloves use magnetic tracking to track the 6DOF position and orientation of each fingertip relative to the palm.	[ "SteamVR", "virtual reality", "haptic technology", "3D user interaction" ]
79,763,417	Category:1992 establishments in Hangzhou		[]
79,763,418	Category:2011 establishments in Hangzhou		[]
79,763,421	Category:2020 establishments in Hangzhou		[]
79,763,422	Category:2005 establishments in Hangzhou		[]
79,763,424	Category:2009 establishments in Hangzhou		[]
79,763,425	Category:2001 establishments in Hangzhou		[]
79,763,426	Wikipedia:Main Page history/2025 April 20b	Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit. 119,225 active editors 6,984,243 articles in English From today's featured article September 1948 edition Fantastic Novels was an American science-fiction and fantasy pulp magazine published by the Munsey Company of New York from 1940 to 1941, and by Popular Publications from 1948 to 1951. It was launched as a bimonthly companion magazine to Famous Fantastic Mysteries in response to heavy demand for book-length reprints of stories from pulp magazines such as Amazing Stories and Argosy. It ran science-fiction and fantasy classics from earlier decades, including novels by A. Merritt, George Allan England, Victor Rousseau and others, and occasionally published reprints of more recent work, such as Earth's Last Citadel by Henry Kuttner and C. L. Moore. There were five issues in the magazine's first incarnation and another twenty in the revived version from Popular Publications, along with seventeen Canadian and two British reprints. Mary Gnaedinger edited both series; her interest in reprinting Merritt's work helped make him one of the better-known fantasy writers of the era. (Full article...) Recently featured: Edgar Towner Battle of Poison Spring Bæddel and bædling Archive By email More featured articles About Did you know ... James Joseph, known as the Jesus Guy ... that the Jesus Guy (pictured) does not portray Jesus, nor does he claim to be Jesus? ... that the Sasradilaga rebellion in 1827–1828 devastated the Javanese town of Rajekwesi, causing it to be rebuilt under the new name of Bojonegoro? ... that ROLM's first product was a military computer, even though Robert Maxfield was the only one of its four co-founders with computer experience? ... that up to forty greater bamboo bats will roost in a single bamboo shoot? ... that a former street musician's villa was used for high-society gatherings in Chișinău before the Russian Revolution? ... that the Union Navy, despite being embroiled in the American Civil War, built the Wampanoag-class frigates for a planned war against Great Britain? ... that eight horses ridden by rebel commander Sentot Prawirodirdjo were killed during the Java War? ... that Pope Sixtus IV gave the Montalto Reliquary to his home town in 1586? ... that during a Game Developers Conference showcase of #IDARB, people were "blown away by how stupid it was"? Archive Start a new article Nominate an article In the news Daniel Noboa Daniel Noboa (pictured) is re-elected president of Ecuador. Peruvian writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Mario Vargas Llosa dies at the age of 89. A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 231 people. In basketball, the UConn Huskies win the NCAA Division I women's championship and the Florida Gators win the men's championship. Ongoing: Gaza war M23 campaign Russian invasion of Ukraine timeline Sudanese civil war timeline Recent deaths: Kyren Lacy Aliza Magen-Halevi Tommy Helms Peter Seiffert Abel Rodríguez Leo Beenhakker Nominate an article On this day Vädersolstavlan April 20: Easter (Christianity, 2025); first day of Ridván (Baháʼí Faith, 2025); 420 (cannabis culture) 1535 – Sun dogs were observed over Stockholm, Sweden, inspiring Vädersolstavlan (pictured), the oldest coloured depiction of the city. 1657 – Anglo-Spanish War: The English navy sank much of a Spanish treasure fleet at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife off the Canary Islands, but was unable to capture the treasure. 1968 – Pierre Trudeau was sworn in as prime minister of Canada, succeeding Lester B. Pearson. 2004 – An incomplete tunnel leading to the Nicoll Highway MRT station in Singapore collapsed, resulting in four deaths and the station's relocation. 2010 – An explosion on Deepwater Horizon, an offshore rig in the Gulf of Mexico, resulted in the largest marine oil spill in history. William Bedloe (born">b. 1650)David Brainerd (born">b. 1718)Frances Ames (born">b. 1920)Kojo Laing (died">d. 2017) More anniversaries: April 19 April 20 April 21 Archive By email List of days of the year About Today's featured picture Other areas of Wikipedia Community portal – The central hub for editors, with resources, links, tasks, and announcements. Village pump – Forum for discussions about Wikipedia itself, including policies and technical issues. Site news – Sources of news about Wikipedia and the broader Wikimedia movement. Teahouse – Ask basic questions about using or editing Wikipedia. Help desk – Ask questions about using or editing Wikipedia. Reference desk – Ask research questions about encyclopedic topics. Content portals – A unique way to navigate the encyclopedia. Wikipedia's sister projects Wikipedia is written by volunteer editors and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other volunteer projects: CommonsFree media repository MediaWikiWiki software development Meta-WikiWikimedia project coordination WikibooksFree textbooks and manuals WikidataFree knowledge base WikinewsFree-content news WikiquoteCollection of quotations WikisourceFree-content library WikispeciesDirectory of species WikiversityFree learning tools WikivoyageFree travel guide WiktionaryDictionary and thesaurus Wikipedia languages This Wikipedia is written in English. Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below. 1,000,000+ articles العربية Deutsch Español فارسی‎ Français Italiano Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Русский Svenska Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 250,000+ articles Bahasa Indonesia Bahasa Melayu Bân-lâm-gú Български Català Čeština Dansk Eesti Esperanto Euskara עברית Հայերեն 한국어 Magyar Norsk bokmål Română Simple English Slovenčina Srpski Srpskohrvatski Suomi Türkçe Oʻzbekcha 50,000+ articles Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Bosanski کوردی Ελληνικά Frysk Gaeilge Galego Hrvatski ქართული Kurdî Latviešu Lietuvių മലയാളം Македонски မြန်မာဘာသာ Norsk nynorsk ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Shqip Slovenščina ไทย తెలుగు اردو __NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__	[ "n:", "Java War", "Deepwater Horizon", "1968", "2010", "Argosy (magazine)", "Sudanese civil war (2023–present)", "s:", "Fantastic Novels", "Victor Rousseau Emanuel", "greater bamboo bat", "Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Tommy Helms", "q:", "v:", "420 (cannabis culture)", "Wikipedia", "Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 January 2025 – present)", "List of days of the year", "Mario Vargas Llosa", "Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)", "Pope Sixtus IV", "Santo Domingo", "Carl James Joseph", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "Kyren Lacy", "Baháʼí Faith", "Popular Publications", "b:", "Vädersolstavlan", "Wampanoag-class frigate", "Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2025)", "natron", "2025 Ecuadorian general election", "2025 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game", "Oil platform", "Fantasy literature", "April 20", "Wikimedia Foundation", "George Allan England", "Prime Minister of Canada", "Amazing Stories", "d:", "Trou au Natron", "m:", "Henry Kuttner", "Bæddel and bædling", "Sasradilaga rebellion", "NASA", "Toussidé", "Earth's Last Citadel", "Deaths in 2025", "International Space Station", "Chișinău", "military computer", "free content", "Gaza war", "wikt:", "Battle of Poison Spring", "C. L. Moore", "caldera", "Florida Gators men's basketball", "meta:List of Wikipedias", "c:", "Montalto Reliquary", "Science fiction", "Gulf of Mexico", "president of Ecuador", "William Bedloe", "mw:", "David Brainerd", "Leo Beenhakker", "Bojonegoro Regency", "2004", "A. Merritt", "ROLM", "1535", "Frances Ames", "April 19", "Ridván", "UConn Huskies women's basketball", "Vladimir Herța", "Jesus", "Edgar Towner", "2010 Nobel Prize in Literature", "Daniel Noboa", "voy:", "Spanish treasure fleet", "sodium carbonate", "M23 campaign (2022–present)", "Abel Rodríguez (artist)", "Kojo Laing", "IDARB", "1657", "Stockholm", "April 21", "pulp magazine", "diatom", "Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1657)", "Sentot Prawirodirdjo", "Nicoll Highway MRT station", "foundationsite:our-work/wikimedia-projects/", "Pleistocene", "Union Navy", "encyclopedia", "volcano", "2025 NCAA Division I women's basketball championship game", "Easter", "Template talk:Did you know", "American Civil War", "Deepwater Horizon explosion", "Robert Maxfield", "Sun dog", "mail:daily-article-l", "basketball", "Peter Seiffert", "cannabis culture", "Lester B. Pearson", "English language", "Jet Set nightclub roof collapse", "carbonate", "species:", "Gastropoda", "Tibesti Mountains", "Satellite imagery", "Famous Fantastic Mysteries", "natrolite", "Game Developers Conference", "Pierre Trudeau", "Aliza Magen-Halevi", "Canary Islands" ]
79,763,427	Category:2011 establishments in Zhejiang		[]
79,763,428	Category:2001 establishments in Zhejiang		[]
79,763,429	Tulsi (Sikh clan)	Tulsi is an Indian clan of the Sikh Ahluwalias. People from this subcaste are either native or related to Punjab region. They are a Forward caste of Punjab. == Notable people == K. T. S. Tulsi, Indian politician and senior Supreme Court advocate, M.P., Rajya Sabha Rajkavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi, an Indian poet, lyricist and musical artist	[ "Ahluwalia (misl)", "South Asia", "Punjab", "Forward caste", "Rajkavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi", "Judge (subcaste)", "K. T. S. Tulsi", "Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha", "Rajya Sabha", "Paintal", "Neb (surname)", "Ahluwalia (caste)", "Sanskrit", "India", "Supreme Court of India", "Ahluwalia (surname)" ]
79,763,430	Category:2020 establishments in Zhejiang		[]
79,763,431	Category:2005 establishments in Zhejiang		[]
79,763,432	Category:2009 establishments in Zhejiang		[]
79,763,435	Category:Nude prints		[]
79,763,438	File:Camelot (soundtrack).jpg	== Summary == == Licensing ==	[ "Warner Records", "Camelot (soundtrack)" ]
79,763,439	Draft:2017 Brazilian Music Awards	The 2017 Brazilian Music Awards (), the 28th edition of the ceremony, was held at the Theatro Municipal in Rio de Janeiro on 19 July 2017, to recognize the Brazilian music of 2016. The ceremony was hosted by actress Maitê Proença and singer Zélia Duncan, and was broadcast by Canal Brasil. Ney Matogrosso was honored at the ceremony. ==Winners and nominees== The nominees were announced on 20 June 2017. Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. ===MPB=== ===Special awards=== ===Regional=== ===Pop/Rock/Reggae/Hip Hop/Funk=== ===Popular music=== ===Instrumental=== ===Samba=== ===Other awards===	[ "Patrícia Bastos", "Maria Bethânia", "Black tie", "Alceu Valença", "Ney Matogrosso", "YouTube", "2016 Brazilian Music Awards", "Category:2017 music awards", "Zé Renato", "Category:2017 in Brazil", "Category:2017 in Latin music", "2018 Brazilian Music Awards", "Theatro Municipal (Rio de Janeiro)", "Alessandra Maestrini", "Lenine (musician)", "Alice Caymmi", "Quarteto em Cy", "Maitê Proença", "Martin Fondse", "Rio de Janeiro", "Canal Brasil", "MPB4", "Category:Brazilian Music Awards ceremonies", "Brazilian Music Awards", "Jards Macalé", "Ritchie (vocalist)", "Guinga", "Zizi Possi", "Zélia Duncan" ]
79,763,440	Dodonaea megazyga	{{Speciesbox \|image = Dodonaea megazyga.jpg \|image_caption = \|genus = Dodonaea \|species = megazyga \|authority = (F.Muell.) & F.Muell. ex Benth. \|synonyms_ref = ==Taxonomy== This species was first formally described in 1862 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Dodonaea viscosa var. megazyga in his The Plants Indigenous to the Colony of Victoria from specimens collected by Hermann Beckler "in the warm, damp forest valleys of the Hastings River". In 1863, George Bentham raised the variety to species status as Dodonaea megazyga in Flora Australiensis. ==Distribution and habitat== This species of Dodonaea grows in forest or near rainforest from south-east Queensland to the Wollemi National Park area of New South Wales.	[ "Wollemi National Park", "F.Muell.", "sepal", "Ovary (botany)", "Hermann Beckler", "Flora Australiensis", "Benth.", "Petiole (botany)", "Sapindaceae", "George Bentham", "Pedicel (botany)", "stamen", "Hastings River", "Capsule (fruit)", "Dioecy", "Ferdinand von Mueller", "Pinnation", "Cyme (botany)", "Nature Conservation Act 1992", "endemic" ]
79,763,448	File:Harold W. Hanson (cropped for DYK).png	== Summary == == ==	[]
79,763,456	Draft:Extempted (adjective, participial in form; derived from an emotional-linguistic blend of “excited” and “tempted”)	---- extempted (adj.) /ˈɛk.stɛmp.tɪd/ Experiencing a powerful and harmonious blend of excitement and temptation, characterized by a euphoric internal pull toward something deeply desired, perceived as both meaningful and attainable. Being magnetically drawn to a person, object, experience, or opportunity with an intensity that feels both emotionally affirming and psychologically irresistible. A state of vibrant anticipation and intentional longing, wherein the object of desire is not merely wanted but felt to be aligned with one’s personal truth or destiny. Denotes a form of elevated yearning marked by clarity, joy, and inner resonance, free from guilt or doubt, as if one is being lovingly summoned toward fulfillment. Possessing an inner momentum or glow brought on by the recognition of something life-enhancing; often accompanied by a sense of poetic inevitability, as though the pursuit itself is sacred. Example: The moment she heard the melody, she was extempted — every note tugging at her with a beautiful urgency that left no room for hesitation.	[]
79,763,458	Lúðvík Kristjánsson	Friðrik Lúðvík Kristján Kristjánsson (8 May 1887–5 October 1958), better known as Lúðvík Kristjánsson or Lúlli, was an Icelandic-Canadian poet. He was born at Víkurgerði in Fáskrúðsfjörður in the Eastfjords of Iceland. He immigrated to Canada in 1903 from Hóll in Stöðvarfjörður, joining his mother, Kristín Björnsdóttir Vium, who had immigrated to Canada the previous year. He worked as a plasterer in Winnipeg and the Interlake region of Manitoba. He married Guðný Gestsdóttir in 1921, and the couple had seven children. Lúðvík's poetry was regularly published in Icelandic-Canadian immigrant papers Lögberg and Heimskringla (later Lögberg-Heimskringla). In 1925, his comic poem Brennubragur was published in Winnipeg. It memorializes a fire at the Icelandic Good Templars Hall on Sargent Avenue, which broke out in January 1925 but was successfully brought under control. Like Brennubragur, most of Lúðvík's poems were comic or satirical. A volume of collected poems by Lúðvík Kristjánsson, Ljóðakorn, was published in Winnipeg in 1983.	[ "Fáskrúðsfjörður", "Stöðvarfjörður", "Eastern Region (Iceland)", "Lögberg-Heimskringla", "Iceland", "Icelandic Canadians", "Canada" ]
79,763,459	Category:Honey in popular culture		[]
79,763,461	File:Dark Superstition.jpg	== Summary == == Licensing ==	[ "Nuclear Blast", "Dark Superstition", "Gatecreeper" ]
79,763,462	File:El Grande Americano		[]
79,763,463	Leaning Towards Infinity	Leaning Towards Infinity : How My Mother's Apron Unfolds Into My Life is a 1996 novel by the Australian author Sue Woolfe. It was the winner of the 1996 New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, and the winner of the 1997 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for the South East Asia and South Pacific region. ==Synopsis== The story of the novel centres around three generations of women: Hypatia, who writes about her famous mathematician mother Francis, who discovered a new kind of number, and about Juanita, mother to Francis, and herself a mathematician, though unknown. ==Critical reception== Kirkus Reviews gave the novel a positive review: "Creating the feeling of a found document, prizewinning Australian writer Woolfe pieces together an intriguing and expansive novel of ideas—showing the ways in which love, motherhood, and mathematics wrap around the human soul...A lovely novel, magical in its elevation of mathematics into a realm of divine beauty, charming in its depiction of the equally demanding sphere of motherhood." In The Sydney Morning Herald reviewer Rosemary Sorensen called the novel a "startingly modern book, balancing, in her case, an undermining of narrative authority against the urgency of a topic that has been waiting for quite some time to be done as well as this." ==Awards== 1996 New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, winner & 2000 Faber & Faber, UK, 1998 & 2022 The novel was also translated into Dutch in 1997, and French in 2003.	[ "Women's Press", "Commonwealth Writers' Prize", "1996 in Australian literature", "Sue Woolfe", "Vintage Books", "New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards", "Faber & Faber" ]
79,763,467	Anoteropsis canescens	Anoteropsis canescens is a species of Lycosidae spider that is endemic to New Zealand. ==Taxonomy== This species was described as Lycosa canescens by Peter Goyen in 1887. It was most recently revised in 2002. The syntypes are stored in Otago Museum.	[ "Peter Goyen (arachnologist)", "New Zealand Threat Classification System", "Tūhura Otago Museum", "South Island", "Peter Goyen", "New Zealand", "Wolf spider" ]
79,763,469	Category:Proposed deletion as of 25 April 2025	__EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__ The pages in this category have been proposed for deletion since April 25, 2025. Once an article or a file has been tagged with for at least 7 days (it is currently ) it may be deleted by an administrator. Anyone can remove the PROD template at any time if they disagree with the deletion to stop the process. Only uncontroversial articles and files may be deleted using proposed deletion. Do not re-list an item if someone has removed the PROD template; instead, list it on articles for deletion or files for discussion, and seek a consensus to delete it.* Once this category is at least 7 days old and it no longer contains any items it should be speedily deleted. *BLPPRODs are an exception; the tag may not be removed until at least one reliable source is added. __NOGALLERY__	[]
79,763,470	Category:Wikipedia files with unknown copyright status as of 25 April 2025	Files in this category are potential candidates for speedy deletion under criterion F4 once this category is seven days old. Before deleting a file in this category, you must verify that the file is eligible for deletion by examining the file page, since copyright information is sometimes added without removing the tag. Do not use tools such as Twinkle to blindly delete files in this category. __EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__	[]
79,763,472	Category:Wikipedia files with unknown source as of 25 April 2025	Files in this category are potential candidates for speedy deletion under criterion F4 once this category is seven days old. Before deleting a file in this category, you must verify that the file is eligible for deletion by examining the file page, since source information is sometimes added without removing the tag. Do not use tools such as popups or Twinkle to blindly delete files in this category. __NOGALLERY____EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__ Gallery version	[ "WP:TW" ]
79,763,473	Category:Wikipedia files with no non-free use rationale as of 25 April 2025	The images in this category are tagged as being used under a fair use claim, but currently lack fair use rationales. This is one criterion for speedy deletion. Once an image has been tagged as such for more than seven days it should be deleted under criterion F6. (However, it may be deleted at an administrator's discretion once 7 days have passed since it was uploaded.) If the image is obviously not a fair use or otherwise unfree image do not delete it under this criterion; list it on WP:FFD instead or take other appropriate steps. Once this category is more than seven days old and no longer contains any images it should be deleted as well. __EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__	[ "WP:FFD", "WP:CSD" ]
79,763,474	Category:Orphaned non-free use Wikipedia files as of 25 April 2025	__NOGALLERY__ The images in this category are tagged as being used under our policy for non-free content, but currently are not being used in any articles. This is one criterion for speedy deletion. Once a non-free image has been tagged as orphaned for more than seven days it should be deleted under criterion F5. Note that sometimes tagged images are put back into articles without the orphan tags removed; in these cases please simply remove the orphan tag. Also if the image is obviously not a fair use or otherwise unfree image do not delete it under this criterion; list it on WP:FFD instead or take other appropriate steps. Please check for and delete talk pages, if they also qualify for deletion. Once this category is more than seven days old and no longer contains any images it should be deleted as well. __EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__	[ "WP:FFD", "WP:CSD" ]
79,763,475	Category:Replaceable non-free use to be decided after 2 May 2025	__EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__Images in this category are potential candidates for speedy deletion under criterion F7. [ Purge]	[]
79,763,477	Category:Disputed non-free Wikipedia files as of 25 April 2025	This category contains all images whose fair-use status is disputed and needs administrator review. __EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__ __NOGALLERY__	[]
79,763,480	Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2025 April 25	===April 25=== This is a list of redirects that have been proposed for deletion or other action on April 25, 2025.	[]
79,763,481	Category:Wikipedia files with the same name on Wikimedia Commons as of 25 April 2025	__NOGALLERY____EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__ This category is for identical images using the same name in both the English Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. The corresponding category at Commons is :Commons:Category:Files moved from en.wikipedia to Commons requiring review as of 25 April 2025	[ "Commons:Category:Files moved from en.wikipedia to Commons requiring review as of 25 April 2025", "commons:" ]
79,763,482	Category:Wikipedia files with a different name on Wikimedia Commons as of 25 April 2025	__NOGALLERY__ __EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__ This category is for identical images using a different name at Wikimedia Commons than on the English Wikipedia. The corresponding category at Commons is :Commons:Category:Files moved from en.wikipedia to Commons requiring review as of 25 April 2025	[ "Commons:Category:Files moved from en.wikipedia to Commons requiring review as of 25 April 2025", "commons:" ]
79,763,486	Mohammedan fc	Redirect Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)	[ "Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)" ]
79,763,487	Mohammedan FC	Redirect Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)	[ "Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)" ]
79,763,490	Mohammadan SC	Redirect Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)	[ "Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)" ]
79,763,492	Draft:Age (Encryption software)	Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is an encryption program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication. PGP is used for signing, encrypting, and decrypting texts, e-mails, files, directories, and whole disk partitions and to increase the security of e-mail communications. Phil Zimmermann developed PGP in 1991. PGP and similar software follow the OpenPGP standard (RFC 4880), an open standard for encrypting and decrypting data. Modern versions of PGP are interoperable with GnuPG and other OpenPGP-compliant systems. The OpenPGP standard has received criticism for its long-lived keys and steep learning curve, as well as the Efail security vulnerability that previously arose when select e-mail programs used OpenPGP with S/MIME. The new OpenPGP standard (RFC 9580) has also been criticised by the maintainer of GnuPG Werner Koch, who in response created his own specification LibrePGP. This response was dividing, with some embracing his alternative specification, and others considering it to be insecure. ==Design== PGP encryption uses a serial combination of hashing, data compression, symmetric-key cryptography, and finally public-key cryptography; each step uses one of several supported algorithms. Each public key is bound to a username or an e-mail address. The first version of this system was generally known as a web of trust to contrast with the X.509 system, which uses a hierarchical approach based on certificate authority and which was added to PGP implementations later. Current versions of PGP encryption include options through an automated key management server. ===PGP fingerprint=== A public key fingerprint is a shorter version of a public key. From a fingerprint, someone can validate the correct corresponding public key. A fingerprint such as C3A6 5E46 7B54 77DF 3C4C 9790 4D22 B3CA 5B32 FF66 can be printed on a business card. ===Compatibility=== As PGP evolves, versions that support newer features and algorithms can create encrypted messages that older PGP systems cannot decrypt, even with a valid private key. Therefore, it is essential that partners in PGP communication understand each other's capabilities or at least agree on PGP settings. ===Confidentiality=== PGP can be used to send messages confidentially. For this, PGP uses a hybrid cryptosystem by combining symmetric-key encryption and public-key encryption. The message is encrypted using a symmetric encryption algorithm, which requires a symmetric key generated by the sender. The symmetric key is used only once and is also called a session key. The message and its session key are sent to the receiver. The session key must be sent to the receiver so they know how to decrypt the message, but to protect it during transmission it is encrypted with the receiver's public key. Only the private key belonging to the receiver can decrypt the session key, and use it to symmetrically decrypt the message. ===Digital signatures=== PGP supports message authentication and integrity checking. The latter is used to detect whether a message has been altered since it was completed (the message integrity property) and the former, to determine whether it was actually sent by the person or entity claimed to be the sender (a digital signature). Because the content is encrypted, any changes in the message will fail the decryption with the appropriate key. The sender uses PGP to create a digital signature for the message with one of several supported public-key algorithms. To do so, PGP computes a hash, or digest, from the plaintext and then creates the digital signature from that hash using the sender's private key. ===Web of trust=== Both when encrypting messages and when verifying signatures, it is critical that the public key used to send messages to someone or some entity actually does 'belong' to the intended recipient. Simply downloading a public key from somewhere is not a reliable assurance of that association; deliberate (or accidental) impersonation is possible. From its first version, PGP has always included provisions for distributing user's public keys in an 'identity certification', which is also constructed cryptographically so that any tampering (or accidental garble) is readily detectable. However, merely making a certificate that is impossible to modify without being detected is insufficient; this can prevent corruption only after the certificate has been created, not before. Users must also ensure by some means that the public key in a certificate actually does belong to the person or entity claiming it. A given public key (or more specifically, information binding a user name to a key) may be digitally signed by a third-party user to attest to the association between someone (actually a user name) and the key. There are several levels of confidence that can be included in such signatures. Although many programs read and write this information, few (if any) include this level of certification when calculating whether to trust a key. The web of trust protocol was first described by Phil Zimmermann in 1992, in the manual for PGP version 2.0: The web of trust mechanism has advantages over a centrally managed public key infrastructure scheme such as that used by S/MIME but has not been universally used. Users have to be willing to accept certificates and check their validity manually or have to simply accept them. No satisfactory solution has been found for the underlying problem. ===Certificates=== In the (more recent) OpenPGP specification, trust signatures can be used to support creation of certificate authorities. A trust signature indicates both that the key belongs to its claimed owner and that the owner of the key is trustworthy to sign other keys at one level below their own. A level 0 signature is comparable to a web of trust signature since only the validity of the key is certified. A level 1 signature is similar to the trust one has in a certificate authority because a key signed to level 1 is able to issue an unlimited number of level 0 signatures. A level 2 signature is highly analogous to the trust assumption users must rely on whenever they use the default certificate authority list (like those included in web browsers); it allows the owner of the key to make other keys certificate authorities. PGP versions have always included a way to cancel ('revoke') public key certificates. A lost or compromised private key will require this if communication security is to be retained by that user. This is, more or less, equivalent to the certificate revocation lists of centralised PKI schemes. Recent PGP versions have also supported certificate expiration dates. The problem of correctly identifying a public key as belonging to a particular user is not unique to PGP. All public key/private key cryptosystems have the same problem, even if in slightly different guises, and no fully satisfactory solution is known. PGP's original scheme at least leaves the decision as to whether or not to use its endorsement/vetting system to the user, while most other PKI schemes do not, requiring instead that every certificate attested to by a central certificate authority be accepted as correct. ===Security quality=== To the best of publicly available information, there is no known method which will allow a person or group to break PGP encryption by cryptographic or computational means. Indeed, in 1995, cryptographer Bruce Schneier characterized an early version as being "the closest you're likely to get to military-grade encryption." Early versions of PGP have been found to have theoretical vulnerabilities and so current versions are recommended. In addition to protecting data in transit over a network, PGP encryption can also be used to protect data in long-term data storage such as disk files. These long-term storage options are also known as data at rest, i.e. data stored, not in transit. The cryptographic security of PGP encryption depends on the assumption that the algorithms used are unbreakable by direct cryptanalysis with current equipment and techniques. In the original version, the RSA algorithm was used to encrypt session keys. RSA's security depends upon the one-way function nature of mathematical integer factoring. Similarly, the symmetric key algorithm used in PGP version 2 was IDEA, which might at some point in the future be found to have previously undetected cryptanalytic flaws. Specific instances of current PGP or IDEA insecurities (if they exist) are not publicly known. As current versions of PGP have added additional encryption algorithms, their cryptographic vulnerability varies with the algorithm used. However, none of the algorithms in current use are publicly known to have cryptanalytic weaknesses. New versions of PGP are released periodically and vulnerabilities fixed by developers as they come to light. Any agency wanting to read PGP messages would probably use easier means than standard cryptanalysis, e.g. rubber-hose cryptanalysis or black-bag cryptanalysis (e.g. installing some form of trojan horse or keystroke logging software/hardware on the target computer to capture encrypted keyrings and their passwords). The FBI has already used this attack against PGP in its investigations. However, any such vulnerabilities apply not just to PGP but to any conventional encryption software. In 2003, an incident involving seized Psion PDAs belonging to members of the Red Brigade indicated that neither the Italian police nor the FBI were able to decrypt PGP-encrypted files stored on them. A second incident in December 2006, (see In re Boucher), involving US customs agents who seized a laptop PC that allegedly contained child pornography, indicates that US government agencies find it "nearly impossible" to access PGP-encrypted files. Additionally, a magistrate judge ruling on the case in November 2007 has stated that forcing the suspect to reveal his PGP passphrase would violate his Fifth Amendment rights i.e. a suspect's constitutional right not to incriminate himself. The Fifth Amendment issue was opened again as the government appealed the case, after which a federal district judge ordered the defendant to provide the key. Evidence suggests that , British police investigators are unable to break PGP, so instead have resorted to using RIPA legislation to demand the passwords/keys. In November 2009 a British citizen was convicted under RIPA legislation and jailed for nine months for refusing to provide police investigators with encryption keys to PGP-encrypted files. PGP as a cryptosystem has been criticized for complexity of the standard, implementation and very low usability of the user interface including by recognized figures in cryptography research. The standard has been also criticized for leaking metadata, usage of long-term keys and lack of forward secrecy. Popular end-user implementations have suffered from various signature-striping, cipher downgrade and metadata leakage vulnerabilities which have been attributed to the complexity of the standard. ==History== ===Early history=== Phil Zimmermann created the first version of PGP encryption in 1991. The name, "Pretty Good Privacy" was inspired by the name of a grocery store, "Ralph's Pretty Good Grocery", featured in radio host Garrison Keillor's fictional town, Lake Wobegon. This first version included a symmetric-key algorithm that Zimmermann had designed himself, named BassOmatic after a Saturday Night Live sketch. Zimmermann had been a long-time anti-nuclear activist, and created PGP encryption so that similarly inclined people might securely use BBSs and securely store messages and files. No license fee was required for its non-commercial use, and the complete source code was included with all copies. In a posting of June 5, 2001, entitled "PGP Marks 10th Anniversary", Zimmermann describes the circumstances surrounding his release of PGP: PGP found its way onto the Internet and rapidly acquired a considerable following around the world. Users and supporters included dissidents in totalitarian countries (some affecting letters to Zimmermann have been published, some of which have been included in testimony before the US Congress), civil libertarians in other parts of the world (see Zimmermann's published testimony in various hearings), and the 'free communications' activists who called themselves cypherpunks (who provided both publicity and distribution); decades later, CryptoParty activists did much the same via Twitter. ===Criminal investigation=== Shortly after its release, PGP encryption found its way outside the United States, and in February 1993 Zimmermann became the formal target of a criminal investigation by the US Government for "munitions export without a license". At the time, cryptosystems using keys larger than 40 bits were considered munitions within the definition of the US export regulations; PGP has never used keys smaller than 128 bits, so it qualified at that time. Penalties for violation, if found guilty, were substantial. After several years, the investigation of Zimmermann was closed without filing criminal charges against him or anyone else. Zimmermann challenged these regulations in an imaginative way. In 1995, he published the entire source code of PGP in a hardback book, via MIT Press, which was distributed and sold widely. Anybody wishing to build their own copy of PGP could cut off the covers, separate the pages, and scan them using an OCR program (or conceivably enter it as a type-in program if OCR software was not available), creating a set of source code text files. One could then build the application using the freely available GNU Compiler Collection. PGP would thus be available anywhere in the world. The claimed principle was simple: export of munitions—guns, bombs, planes, and software—was (and remains) restricted; but the export of books is protected by the First Amendment. The question was never tested in court with respect to PGP. In cases addressing other encryption software, however, two federal appeals courts have established the rule that cryptographic software source code is speech protected by the First Amendment (the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in the Bernstein case and the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in the Junger case). US export regulations regarding cryptography remain in force, but were liberalized substantially throughout the late 1990s. Since 2000, compliance with the regulations is also much easier. PGP encryption no longer meets the definition of a non-exportable weapon, and can be exported internationally except to seven specific countries and a list of named groups and individuals (with whom substantially all US trade is prohibited under various US export controls). The criminal investigation was dropped in 1996. ===PGP 3 and founding of PGP Inc.=== During this turmoil, Zimmermann's team worked on a new version of PGP encryption called PGP 3. This new version was to have considerable security improvements, including a new certificate structure that fixed small security flaws in the PGP 2.x certificates as well as permitting a certificate to include separate keys for signing and encryption. Furthermore, the experience with patent and export problems led them to eschew patents entirely. PGP 3 introduced the use of the CAST-128 (a.k.a. CAST5) symmetric key algorithm, and the DSA and ElGamal asymmetric key algorithms, all of which were unencumbered by patents. After the Federal criminal investigation ended in 1996, Zimmermann and his team started a company to produce new versions of PGP encryption. They merged with Viacrypt (to whom Zimmermann had sold commercial rights and who had licensed RSA directly from RSADSI), which then changed its name to PGP Incorporated. The newly combined Viacrypt/PGP team started work on new versions of PGP encryption based on the PGP 3 system. Unlike PGP 2, which was an exclusively command line program, PGP 3 was designed from the start as a software library allowing users to work from a command line or inside a GUI environment. The original agreement between Viacrypt and the Zimmermann team had been that Viacrypt would have even-numbered versions and Zimmermann odd-numbered versions. Viacrypt, thus, created a new version (based on PGP 2) that they called PGP 4. To remove confusion about how it could be that PGP 3 was the successor to PGP 4, PGP 3 was renamed and released as PGP 5 in May 1997. ===Network Associates acquisition=== In December 1997, PGP Inc. was acquired by Network Associates, Inc. ("NAI"). Zimmermann and the PGP team became NAI employees. NAI was the first company to have a legal export strategy by publishing source code. Under NAI, the PGP team added disk encryption, desktop firewalls, intrusion detection, and IPsec VPNs to the PGP family. After the export regulation liberalizations of 2000 which no longer required publishing of source, NAI stopped releasing source code. ===Asset split=== In early 2001, Zimmermann left NAI. He served as Chief Cryptographer for Hush Communications, who provide an OpenPGP-based e-mail service, Hushmail. He has also worked with Veridis and other companies. In October 2001, NAI announced that its PGP assets were for sale and that it was suspending further development of PGP encryption. The only remaining asset kept was the PGP E-Business Server (the original PGP Commandline version). In February 2002, NAI canceled all support for PGP products, with the exception of the renamed commandline product. ====McAfee==== NAI, now known as McAfee, continued to sell and support the commandline product under the name McAfee E-Business Server until 2013. In 2010, Intel Corporation acquired McAfee. In 2013, the McAfee E-Business Server was transferred to Software Diversified Services (SDS), which now sells, supports, and develops it under the name SDS E-Business Server. which became PGP Deutschland AG. In 2010, PGP Corporation acquired Hamburg-based certificate authority TC TrustCenter and its parent company, ChosenSecurity, to form its PGP TrustCenter division. After the 2002 purchase of NAI's PGP assets, PGP Corporation offered worldwide PGP technical support from its offices in Draper, Utah; Offenbach, Germany; and Tokyo, Japan. ===== Symantec ===== On April 29, 2010, Symantec Corp. announced that it would acquire PGP Corporation for $300 million with the intent of integrating it into its Enterprise Security Group. This acquisition was finalized and announced to the public on June 7, 2010. The source code of PGP Desktop 10 is available for peer review. In May 2018, a bug named EFAIL was discovered in certain implementations of PGP which from 2003 could reveal the plaintext contents of emails encrypted with it. The chosen mitigation for this vulnerability in PGP Desktop is to mandate the use SEIP protected packets in the ciphertext, which can lead to old emails or other encrypted objects to be no longer decryptable after upgrading to the software version that has the mitigation. =====Broadcom===== On August 9, 2019, Broadcom Inc. announced they would be acquiring the Enterprise Security software division of Symantec, which includes PGP Corporation. ==PGP Corporation encryption applications== This section describes commercial programs available from PGP Corporation. For information on other programs compatible with the OpenPGP specification, see External links below. While originally used primarily for encrypting the contents of e-mail messages and attachments from a desktop client, PGP products have been diversified since 2002 into a set of encryption applications that can be managed by an optional central policy server. PGP encryption applications include e-mails and attachments, digital signatures, full disk encryption, file and folder security, protection for IM sessions, batch file transfer encryption, and protection for files and folders stored on network servers and, more recently, encrypted or signed HTTP request/responses by means of a client-side (Enigform) and a server-side (mod openpgp) module. There is also a WordPress plugin available, called wp-enigform-authentication, that takes advantage of the session management features of Enigform with mod_openpgp. The PGP Desktop 9.x family includes PGP Desktop Email, PGP Whole Disk Encryption, and PGP NetShare. Additionally, a number of Desktop bundles are also available. Depending on the application, the products feature desktop e-mail, digital signatures, IM security, whole disk encryption, file, and folder security, encrypted self-extracting archives, and secure shredding of deleted files. Capabilities are licensed in different ways depending on the features required. The PGP Universal Server 2.x management console handles centralized deployment, security policy, policy enforcement, key management, and reporting. It is used for automated e-mail encryption in the gateway and manages PGP Desktop 9.x clients. In addition to its local keyserver, PGP Universal Server works with the PGP public keyserver—called the PGP Global Directory—to find recipient keys. It has the capability of delivering e-mail securely when no recipient key is found via a secure HTTPS browser session. With PGP Desktop 9.x managed by PGP Universal Server 2.x, first released in 2005, all PGP encryption applications are based on a new proxy-based architecture. These newer versions of PGP software eliminate the use of e-mail plug-ins and insulate the user from changes to other desktop applications. All desktop and server operations are now based on security policies and operate in an automated fashion. The PGP Universal server automates the creation, management, and expiration of keys, sharing these keys among all PGP encryption applications. The Symantec PGP platform has now undergone a rename. PGP Desktop is now known as Symantec Encryption Desktop (SED), and the PGP Universal Server is now known as Symantec Encryption Management Server (SEMS). The current shipping versions are Symantec Encryption Desktop 10.3.0 (Windows and macOS platforms) and Symantec Encryption Server 3.3.2. Also available are PGP Command-Line, which enables command line-based encryption and signing of information for storage, transfer, and backup, as well as the PGP Support Package for BlackBerry which enables RIM BlackBerry devices to enjoy sender-to-recipient messaging encryption. New versions of PGP applications use both OpenPGP and the S/MIME, allowing communications with any user of a NIST specified standard. ==OpenPGP== Within PGP Inc., there was still concern surrounding patent issues. RSADSI was challenging the continuation of the Viacrypt RSA license to the newly merged firm. The company adopted an informal internal standard that they called "Unencumbered PGP" which would "use no algorithm with licensing difficulties". Because of PGP encryption's importance worldwide, many wanted to write their own software that would interoperate with PGP 5. Zimmermann became convinced that an open standard for PGP encryption was critical for them and for the cryptographic community as a whole. In July 1997, PGP Inc. proposed to the IETF that there be a standard called OpenPGP. They gave the IETF permission to use the name OpenPGP to describe this new standard as well as any program that supported the standard. The IETF accepted the proposal and started the OpenPGP Working Group. OpenPGP is on the Internet Standards Track and is under active development. Many e-mail clients provide OpenPGP-compliant email security as described in RFC 3156. The current specification is RFC 9580 (July 2024), the successor to RFC 4880. RFC 9580 specifies a suite of required algorithms consisting of X25519, Ed25519, SHA2-256 and AES-128. In addition to these algorithms, the standard recommends X448, Ed448, SHA2-384, SHA2-512 and AES-256. Beyond these, many other algorithms are supported. PGP PGP Message Exchange Formats (obsolete) OpenPGP OpenPGP Message Format (obsolete) Using OpenPGP for communication requires participation by both the sender and recipient. OpenPGP can also be used to secure sensitive files when they are stored in vulnerable places like mobile devices or in the cloud. In late 2023, a schism occurred in the OpenPGP world: IETF's OpenPGP working group decided to choose a "crypto-refresh" update strategy for the RFC 4880 specification, rather than a more gradual "4880bis" path preferred by Werner Koch, author of GnuPG. As a result, Koch took his draft, now abandoned by the workgroup, and forked it into a "LibrePGP" specification. === Implementations === The Free Software Foundation has developed its own OpenPGP-compliant software suite called GNU Privacy Guard, freely available together with all source code under the GNU General Public License and is maintained separately from several graphical user interfaces that interact with the GnuPG library for encryption, decryption, and signing functions (see KGPG, Seahorse, MacGPG). Several other vendors have also developed OpenPGP-compliant software. The development of an open source OpenPGP-compliant library, OpenPGP.js, written in JavaScript and supported by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union, has allowed web-based applications to use PGP encryption in the web browser. ==Limitations== With the advancement of cryptography, parts of PGP and OpenPGP have been criticized for being dated: The long length of PGP public keys, caused by the use of RSA and additional data other than the actual cryptographic key Lack of forward secrecy Lack of ubiquity Yubico offers free replacement of affected tokens.	[ "authentication", "Symmetric key encryption", "CAST-128", "Key server (cryptographic)", "licensed", "command line", "mod openpgp", "KGPG", "Red Brigades", "BassOmatic", "open source", "ROCA vulnerability", "Public-key cryptography", "Tokyo", "Penguin Books", "session key", "Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000", "cryptographer", "Keyring (cryptography)", "self-extracting archive", "Cipher feedback", "X.509", "IPsec", "United States", "public-key cryptography", "United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit", "40-bit encryption", "Electronic envelope", "web of trust", "Hushmail", "keystroke logging", "Export of cryptography in the United States", "First Amendment to the United States Constitution", "type-in program", "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers", "public key infrastructure", "black-bag cryptanalysis", "one-way function", "Garrison Keillor", "McAfee", "Draper, Utah", "Saturday Night Live", "Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development", "Google LLC", "Twitter", "Psion (computers)", "LibreOffice", "Unix", "Bernstein v. United States", "IBM i", "data communication", "cryptanalysis", "Encryption software", "FBI", "Personal digital assistant", "Public key certificate", "software library", "Hush Communications", "z/OS", "ZRTP", "data erasure", "JavaScript", "Go (programming language)", "laptop PC", "GnuPG", "EFAIL", "VPN", "United States Munitions List", "EdDSA", "S/MIME", "PGP word list", "privacy", "source code", "encryption", "Pretty Easy privacy", "O'Reilly & Associates", "macOS", "Broadcom Inc.", "symmetric-key algorithm", "In re Boucher", "Japan", "symmetric-key cryptography", "Intel Corporation", "McGraw-Hill", "Junger v. Daley", "NortonLifeLock", "Offenbach am Main", "Digital Signature Algorithm", "RSADSI", "MacGPG", "Gpg4win", "data compression", "certificate authority", "British police", "Seahorse (software)", "interoperability", "Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "PGPDisk", "No Starch Press", "open standard", "SHA-2", "Free Software Foundation", "child pornography", "Lake Wobegon", "European Union", "Network Associates, Inc.", "ElGamal", "bulletin board system", "BSD licenses", "data", "Phil Zimmermann", "graphical user interfaces", "cryptographic hash function", "Email encryption", "Italian police", "trojan horse (computing)", "certificate revocation list", "Internet", "Privacy software", "Germany", "civil libertarians", "John Wiley & Sons", "X448", "United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit", "ChosenSecurity", "algorithm", "RSA (algorithm)", "Anti-nuclear movement", "security", "cryptosystem", "encryption software", "integer factorization", "CAST5", "Internet Standard", "Yubikey", "certificate revocation", "Email", "IETF", "NIST", "X25519", "data in transit", "cypherpunk", "International Data Encryption Algorithm", "GNU General Public License", "public key fingerprint", "Bruce Schneier", "GUI", "rubber-hose cryptanalysis", "United States Customs Service", "IETF Working Group", "Email privacy", "hybrid cryptosystem", "GNU Compiler Collection", "digital signature", "SEIP", "Optical character recognition", "Windows", "New York City", "Network World", "Symmetric-key algorithm", "cryptographic", "GNU Privacy Guard", "MIT Press", "Werner Koch", "PGP Corporation", "grocery", "CryptoParty", "Advanced Encryption Standard", "forward secrecy" ]
79,763,493	Category:Gatecreeper albums		[]
79,763,494	Mohammadan fc	Redirect Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)	[ "Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)" ]
79,763,496	Mohammadan Fc	Redirect Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)	[ "Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)" ]
79,763,500	Mohammedan Fc	Redirect Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)	[ "Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)" ]
79,763,501	Mohammedan football club	Redirect Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)	[ "Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)" ]
79,763,506	Mohammedan Sporting club	Redirect Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)	[ "Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)" ]
79,763,511	Arbey (surname)	Arbey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Kelly Arbey (born 2005), French rugby union and rugby sevens player.	[ "rugby union", "surname", "Kelly Arbey", "rugby sevens" ]
79,763,513	Hyde Park Corner (play)	Hyde Park Corner is a play by Walter Hackett. It premiered at the Apollo Theatre in London's West End on October 5, 1934 where it ran until April 11, 1935. The play starred Hackett's wife, the actress Marion Lorne, as The Hon. Mrs. Sophia Wittering; an 18th century society lady with a proclivity for cheating while gambling. Others in the cast included Godfrey Tearle as both Captain Richard Concannon and Sir Richard Carstairs, K.C.; J. H. Roberts as Benson; and Gordon Harker as Police Constable Samuel Cheatle. The play featured a time jump, with part of the play taking place in the 1780s and part of the play taking place the year the 1934. Harker reprised his role from the stage play in the 1935 film adaption of the work which was directed by Sinclair Hill.	[ "The Guardian", "Gordon Harker", "Marion Lorne", "Sinclair Hill", "Godfrey Tearle", "Hyde Park Corner (film)", "Daily Mirror", "Apollo Theatre", "Evening Standard", "West End theatre", "Rowman & Littlefield", "Walter Hackett" ]
79,763,515	মহামেডান	Redirect Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)	[ "Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)" ]
79,763,518	Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Addiel Reyes	===:Addiel Reyes=== – (View AfDView log \| edits since nomination) () The subject played in the Mexican second tier. I've been unable to find anything beyond database entries and passing mentions in match reports. The article fails WP:GNG. Robby.is.on (talk) 23:45, 20 April 2025 (UTC) Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Sportspeople, American football, and Mexico. Robby.is.on (talk) 23:45, 20 April 2025 (UTC)	[ "WP:GNG", "Addiel Reyes" ]
79,763,519	মোহামেডান	Redirect Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)	[ "Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)" ]
79,763,531	Jireh Baptist Church, Brisbane	The Jireh Baptist Church was a place of worship in Gipps Street, Fortitude Valley, a suburb of Brisbane. It was established in 1862 by Rev. John Kingsford, its pastor for 37 years, and folded in 1978. ==Pastors== John Kingsford (1813–1905) was pastor 1861–1899. He was uncle of Charles Kingsford Smith's mother. Ernest A. Kirwood (died 1954), pastor 1899–1904 He preached at the church's 60th anniversary and attended its 88th anniversary service in 1950. J. E. Walton pastor 1904–1909 A. C. Jarvis (died 1934) 1910–1916 Benjamin Hewison (died 1938) pastor 1919–1924. His wife died in 1946. Thomas McColl (died 1946) pastor 1926–1930 Charles J. W. Moon (died 1937), temporary pastor 1930 S. M. Potter was temporary pastor, permanent 1932–1939. Four "daughter churches" arose from the efforts of the "Jireh" congregation: Nundah Windsor road, Brisbane Albion Toowong The churches at Bulimba and Enoggera received much assistance from "Jireh". Notable communicants include Miss Plested (missionary in India), Revs W Richer, T. Zettich (of Windsor Road Church), W. Higlett (secretary to NSW Baptist Union), T. N. Symonds (superintendent for Baptist Home Missions in Queensland), A. E. Bickmore (longtime treasurer for the Baptist Association in Queensland), Gray Parker (of Wynnum Church) and evangelist W. L. Jarvis.	[ "Albion, Queensland", "The Brisbane Courier", "Enoggera, Queensland", "The Telegraph (Brisbane)", "Charles Kingsford Smith", "The Week (Brisbane)", "The Advocate (Australia)", "Windsor road, Brisbane", "W. L. Jarvis", "A. E. Bickmore", "Benjamin Hewison", "Warwick Examiner and Times", "Bulimba", "Jehovah-jireh", "Fortitude Valley", "Nundah", "Toowong", "Queensland Times", "Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser", "The Courier-mail" ]
79,763,534	Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Forrester Research	===:Forrester Research=== – (View AfDView log \| edits since nomination) () Unable to find significant coverage from independent reliable sources anywhere. The sourcing provided in the article also is only "contact us". Completely unreferenced from a secondary source standpoint. InvadingInvader (userpage, talk) 23:50, 20 April 2025 (UTC) Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Companies and Massachusetts. InvadingInvader (userpage, talk) 23:50, 20 April 2025 (UTC) Delete Nothing found except the company's own publications and routine directory/PR sites like ZDNet and Crunchbase. Fails WP:NCORP. WeirdNAnnoyed (talk) 11:01, 21 April 2025 (UTC)	[ "WP:NCORP", "Forrester Research" ]
79,763,535	Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/José Miguel Medina	===:José Miguel Medina=== – (View AfDView log \| edits since nomination) () The subject played in the Mexican second tier. I've been unable to find anything beyond database entries, passing mentions in match reports and transfer announcements. The article fails WP:GNG. Robby.is.on (talk) 23:50, 20 April 2025 (UTC) Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Sportspeople, Football, and Mexico. Robby.is.on (talk) 23:50, 20 April 2025 (UTC)	[ "José Miguel Medina", "WP:GNG" ]
79,763,540	Joyal model structure	In higher category theory, the Joyal model structure is a special model structure on the category of simplicial sets. It consists of three classes of morphisms between simplicial sets called fibrations, cofibrations and weak equivalences, which fulfill the properties of a model structure. Its fibrant objects are all ∞-categories and it furthermore models the homotopy theory of CW complexes up to homotopy equivalence, with the correspondence between simplicial sets and CW complexes being given by the geometric realization and the singular functor. The Joyal model structure is named after André Joyal. == Definition == The Joyal model structure is given by: Fibrations are isofibrations. Cofibrations are monomorphisms. Weak equivalences are weak categorical equivalences, hence morphisms between simplicial sets, whose geometric realization is a homotopy equivalence between CW complexes. Trivial cofibrations are inner anodyne extensions. The category of simplicial sets \mathbf{sSet} with the Joyal model structure is denoted \mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{J} (or \mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{Joy} for more joy). == Properties == Fiberant objects of the Joyal model structure, hence simplicial sets X, for which the terminal morphism X\xrightarrow{!}\Delta^0 is a fibration, are the ∞-categories. This means that weak categorical equivalences are preversed by pushout along its cofibrations (the monomorphisms). The Joyal model structure is not right proper, since for example the inclusion \Lambda_1^2\hookrightarrow\Delta^2 is a weak categorical equivalence, but its pullback along the isofibration \Delta^1\cong\{0\rightarrow 2\}\hookrightarrow\Delta^2, which is (0,1)\colon \Delta^0+\Delta^0\hookrightarrow\Delta^1, is not due for example the different number of connected components. This counterexample doesn't work for the Kan–Quillen model structure since \Delta^1\cong\{0\rightarrow 2\}\hookrightarrow\Delta^2 is not a Kan fibration. But the pullback of weak categorical equivalences along left or right Kan fibrations is again a weak categorical equivalence. Weak categorical equivalences are final. Inner anodyne extensions are weak categorical equivalences. Weak categorical equivalences are closed under finite products and small filtered colimits. Since the Kan–Quillen model structure also has monomorphisms as cofibrations and every weak homotopy equivalence is a weak categorical equivalence, the identity \operatorname{Id}\colon \mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{KQ}\rightarrow\mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{J} preserves both cofibrations and acyclic cofibrations, hence as a left adjoint with the identity \operatorname{Id}\colon \mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{J}\rightarrow\mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{KQ} as right adjoint forms a Quillen adjunction. == Literature ==	[ "homotopy equivalence", "Terminal object", "∞-category", "Kan–Quillen model structure", "higher category theory", "nlab:model+structure+on+simplicial+sets", "Initial object", "category of simplicial sets", "model structure", "Cambridge University Press", "Pushout (category theory)", "André Joyal", "filtered colimit", "NLab", "monomorphism", "homotopy theory", "Geometric realization functor", "Princeton University Press", "Identity functor", "anodyne extension", "Quillen adjunction", "CW complex" ]
79,763,541	Template:Did you know nominations/Hal Hanson (American football guard)		[ "Hal Hanson (American football guard)" ]
79,763,546	Kan–Quillen model structure	In higher category theory, the Kan–Quillen model structure is a special model structure on the category of simplicial sets. It consists of three classes of morphisms between simplicial sets called fibrations, cofibrations and weak equivalences, which fulfill the properties of a model structure. Its fibrant objects are all Kan complexes and it furthermore models the homotopy theory of CW complexes up to weak homotopy equivalence, with the correspondence between simplicial sets, Kan complexes and CW complexes being given by the geometric realization and the singular functor. The Kan–Quillen model structure is named after Daniel Kan and Daniel Quillen. == Definition == The Kan–Quillen model structure is given by: Fibrations are Kan fibrations. Cofibrations are monomorphisms. Weak equivalences are weak homotopy equivalences, The category of simplicial sets \mathbf{sSet} with the Kan–Quillen model structure is denoted \mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{KQ}. == Properties == Fiberant objects of the Kan–Quillen model structure, hence simplicial sets X, for which the terminal morphism X\xrightarrow{!}\Delta^0 is a fibration, are the Kan complexes. The Kan–Quillen model structure is cofibrantly generated. Cofibrations (monomorphisms) are generated by the boundary inclusions \partial\Delta^n\hookrightarrow\Delta^n and acyclic cofibrations (anodyne extensions) are generated by horn inclusions \Lambda_k^n\hookrightarrow\Delta^n. Weak homotopy equivalences are closed under finite products. Since the Joyal model structure also has monomorphisms as cofibrations and every weak homotopy equivalence is a weak categorical equivalence, the identity \operatorname{Id}\colon \mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{KQ}\rightarrow\mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{J} preserves both cofibrations and acyclic cofibrations, hence as a left adjoint with the identity \operatorname{Id}\colon \mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{J}\rightarrow\mathbf{sSet}_\mathrm{KQ} as right adjoint forms a Quillen adjunction. == Literature ==	[ "Daniel Kan", "Joyal model structure", "Terminal object", "Monomorphism", "Kan complex", "weak homotopy equivalence", "higher category theory", "nlab:model+structure+on+simplicial+sets", "Initial object", "category of simplicial sets", "model structure", "Cambridge University Press", "Pushout (category theory)", "NLab", "Kan fibration", "Anodyne extension", "homotopy theory", "Geometric realization functor", "Daniel Quillen", "Princeton University Press", "Identity functor", "Quillen adjunction", "Springer Nature", "Pullback (category theory)", "CW complex" ]
79,763,547	Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/National Coalition for Homeless Veterans (2nd nomination)	===:National Coalition for Homeless Veterans=== AfDs for this article: – (View AfDView log \| edits since nomination) () Unable to locate any significant sufficient coverage that demonstrates notability beyond national law review. InvadingInvader (userpage, talk) 23:53, 20 April 2025 (UTC) Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Organizations and United States of America. InvadingInvader (userpage, talk) 23:53, 20 April 2025 (UTC) Update - Information and sourcing is over a decade out of date. See https://nchv.org/ — Maile (talk) 03:00, 21 April 2025 (UTC) Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Military and Washington, D.C.. WCQuidditch ☎ ✎ 04:41, 21 April 2025 (UTC)	[ "National Coalition for Homeless Veterans" ]
79,763,557	Évora Municipal Chamber	The Évora Municipal Chamber () is the administrative authority in the municipality of Évora. It has 12 freguesias in its area of jurisdiction and is based in the city of Évora, on the Évora District. These freguesias are: Bacelo e Senhora da Saúde; Canaviais; Évora (São Mamede, Sé, São Pedro e Santo Antão); Malagueira e Horta das Figueiras; Nossa Senhora da Graça do Divor; Nossa Senhora da Tourega e Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe; Nossa Senhora de Machede; São Bento do Mato; São Manços e São Vicente do Pigeiro; São Miguel de Machede; São Sebastião da Giesteira e Nossa Senhora da Boa Fé and Torre de Coelheiros. The Évora City Council is made up of 7 councillors, representing, currently, four different political forces. The first candidate on the list with the most votes in a municipal election or, in the event of a vacancy, the next candidate on the list, takes office as President of the Municipal Chamber. == List of the Presidents of the Municipal Chamber of Évora == Júlio do Patrocínio Martins – (1910) Agostinho Felício Caeiro – (1910–1911) (The list is incomplete)	[ "José Ernesto Oliveira", "Canaviais", "Malagueira e Horta das Figueiras", "Domingos Victor Cordeiro Rosado", "Abílio Dias Fernandes", "Nossa Senhora de Machede", "Unitary Democratic Coalition", "São Bento do Mato", "Torre de Coelheiros", "Henrique da Fonseca Chaves", "Évora (São Mamede, Sé, São Pedro e Santo Antão)", "António dos Santos Cartaxo Júnior", "Miguel Rodrigues Bastos", "Carlos Garcia Fialho", "President of the Municipal Chamber", "Serafim de Jesus Silveira Júnior", "Nossa Senhora da Graça do Divor", "Manuel António Melgão", "Virgílio Salvador Ricardo da Costa", "Florival Sanches de Miranda", "Júlio Rodolfo Fernandes Potes", "Nossa Senhora da Tourega e Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe", "Socialist Party (Portugal)", "Social Democratic Party (Portugal)", "Alberto Jordão Marques da Costa", "São Manços e São Vicente do Pigeiro", "2021 Portuguese local elections", "freguesias", "João Luís Graça Zagallo Vieira da Silva", "Évora", "Agostinho Felício Caeiro", "António Joaquim Lopes da Silva", "São Sebastião da Giesteira e Nossa Senhora da Boa Fé", "António José Molero", "Raúl Albano da Veiga Pereira Matroco", "Manuel Tierno Bagulho", "Miguel Fernandes Soares", "Paços do Concelho de Évora", "Júlio do Patrocínio Martins", "António de Freitas Mascarenhas Lima Duarte Gerald", "Manuel Gomes Fradinho", "Jorge Barros Capinha", "Máximo Homem de Campos Rodrigues", "Luís de Camões (politician)", "São Miguel de Machede", "Bacelo e Senhora da Saúde", "Humberto Carlos Pereira Paixão", "Movimento Cuidar de Évora", "Évora District", "Luís Alves Martins", "Carlos Pinto de Sá" ]
79,763,564	Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Carlos Cárdenas (Mexican footballer)	===:Carlos Cárdenas (Mexican footballer)=== – (View AfDView log \| edits since nomination) () The subject played three matches in the Liga MX and a few dozen in Mexico's second tier. I've been unable to find anything beyond database entries, passing mentions in match reports and transfer announcements. The article fails WP:GNG. Robby.is.on (talk) 23:57, 20 April 2025 (UTC) Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Sportspeople, Football, and Mexico. Robby.is.on (talk) 23:57, 20 April 2025 (UTC)	[ "WP:GNG", "Carlos Cárdenas (Mexican footballer)", "Liga MX" ]
79,763,565	Clay Cove	Clay Cove was an important cove in what was Portland, District of Maine, United States. Located between today's coastal ends of India Street and Franklin Street, it was the home of early shipyards, such as that of Nathaniel Dyer, Lemuel Dyer and Deacon Samuel Cobb. Fore Street, the former waterfront of the Old Port, was laid out in 1724 to the foot of Exchange Street on the west side of Clay Cove. The cove caused Fore Street to curve away from the Fore River between India Street and Pearl Street, to which Fore Street was not connected until 1765. Fort Loyal, the town's main fortification at the time, occupied a point at the corner of Fore Street and India Street. Preble's Wharf (at the foot of India Street) and Tyng's Wharf (foot of what was then Fiddle Lane; replaced by today's Franklin Street) were another two wharves of Clay Cove. An important commercial center during its existence, the cove was filled in when commerce moved west to Commercial Street, which became the waterfront in the early 20th century after land was reclaimed from the Fore River. Portland Marine Railway was based at Clay Cove, on India Street, in 1826. It was sold to make way for the Grand Trunk Railway Station. A creek once flowed up from the cove to Turkey Lane (today's Newbury Street). It was large enough that ships used to sail up it past Middle Street, where an arch was built over the creek.	[ "Portland station (Grand Trunk)", "List of sovereign states", "Maine State Pier", "Franklin Street (Portland, Maine)", "India Street", "District of Maine", "Old Port of Portland, Maine", "Middle Street", "Fore River (Maine)", "Nathaniel Dyer House", "Fore Street (Portland, Maine)", "Exchange Street (Maine)", "Fort Loyal", "Portland, Maine", "cove", "Charles Quincy Goodhue", "Commercial Street, Portland, Maine" ]
79,763,571	Dangle (surname)	Dangle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Lloyd Dangle, American writer and artist Steve Dangle (born 1988), Canadian sports analyst, author, and internet/hockey personality Lt. Jim Dangle, a Reno 911! character	[ "Lloyd Dangle", "Characters on Reno 911!", "Steve Dangle", "Marcel Dangles" ]
79,763,572	Gumbau	Gumbau is a Catalan surname. Notable people with the surname include: Gerard Gumbau (born 1994), Spanish professional footballer Josep Gumbau, Spanish footballer (born 1981), Catalan journalist, sportsman, and online content creator	[ "Gerard Gumbau", "Josep Gumbau", "Catalan surname" ]
79,763,573	Landazabal	Landazabal or Landazábal is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include: (1922–1998), Colombian military officer (1884–1953), Spanish composer and pianist Isaac Botella Pérez de Landazabal (born 1984), Spanish male artistic gymnast José Landazabal (1899–1970), Spanish footballer	[ "José Landazabal", "Isaac Botella Pérez de Landazabal", "Spanish surname" ]
79,763,574	Mieg	Mieg is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include: (1731–1799), Swiss physician and botanist. François Thierry-Mieg (1908–1995), a high-ranking member of Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action (BCRA) (1780–1859), Swiss professor and naturalist who arrived in Spain Miguel Mieg (1896–1981), Spanish footballer Peter Mieg (1906–1990), Swiss composer, painter, and journalist (1844–1935), Spanish teacher and volapükist	[ "Miguel Mieg", "Peter Mieg", "François Thierry-Mieg", "Spanish surname" ]
79,763,575	Armet (disambiguation)	Armet, a type of combat helmet which was developed in the 15th century Armet may also refer to: ==People== ===Given name=== Armet Francis (born 1945), Jamaican-born photographer and publisher ===Surname=== Emile Armet de Lisle (1853–1928), French industrialist and chemist Francisco Armet (1892–1973), Spanish footballer Juan Armet (1895–1956), Spanish footballer Louis Armet (1914–1981), American architect ==Other uses== ARMET, mutated in early-stage tumors Armet Armored Vehicles, a defunct vehicle manufacturer founded and formerly headquartered in King City, Ontario Armet Davis Newlove Architects, a Californian architectural firm	[ "Juan Armet", "Armet Davis Newlove Architects", "Francisco Armet", "Armet", "Armen (disambiguation)", "Louis Armet", "Armet Armored Vehicles", "Armet Francis", "Emile Armet de Lisle", "Armes (disambiguation)", "ARMET" ]
79,763,579	Argüelles (surname)	Argüelles is a Spanish surname. As with other such surnames, it is often written without diacritics as Arguelles. Agustín Argüelles (1776–1844), Spanish liberal politician and lawyer Alexander Argüelles (born 1964), American linguist Angélica Argüelles Kubli (born 1963), Mexican graphic designer Arael Argüelles (born 1987), Cuban footballer Bartolomé de Argüelles (16th century), lieutenant treasurer and co-interim governor of La Florida Carlos Arguelles (1917–2008), Filipino architect Consuelo Argüelles Loya (born 1977), Mexican National Action Party politician Emil Arguelles (born 1972), Belizean lawyer and politician, Speaker of the House of Representatives Faustino Rodríguez-San Pedro y Díaz-Argüelles (1833–1925), Spanish politician, Mayor of Madrid Fulgencio Argüelles (born 1955), Spanish writer and psychologist Ivan Argüelles (born 1939), American poet Jacqueline Argüelles (born 1968), Mexican Green Party politician John Arguelles (20th century), American lawyer, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California José Argüelles (1939–2011), American New Age author and artist José Canga Argüelles (1770–1843), Spanish politician, Minister of Finance Juan Antonio Arguelles Rius (1978–2007), also known as Arguru or Argu, Spanish music software programmer and musician Juan de Argüelles (1659–1712), Peruvian priest, Bishop of Arequipa, and Bishop of Panama Julian Argüelles (born 1966), English jazz saxophonist Manuel Argüelles Argüelles (1875–1945), Spanish politician and lawyer, Minister of Finance, Minister of Public Works María Argüelles Arellano (born 1963), Mexican National Action Party politician Martín de Argüelles (born 1566), first white person to have been born in what is now the United States Marco Argüelles (born 1989), Mexican footballer Noel Argüelles (born 1990), Cuban baseball pitcher Pedro Argüelles Morán (born 1943), pseudonym Pedro del Sol, Cuban cartographer, journalist, and human rights activist Ramon Arguelles (born 1944), Filipino priest, Archbishop of the Metropolitan Diocese of Lipa Steve Argüelles (born 1963), English jazz drummer Yarianny Arguelles (born 1984), Cuban track-and-field athlete specializing in long jump	[ "Emil Arguelles", "Spanish language", "Argüello", "Steve Argüelles", "Ivan Argüelles", "Jacqueline Argüelles", "Angélica Argüelles Kubli", "Fulgencio Argüelles", "María Argüelles Arellano", "Faustino Rodríguez-San Pedro y Díaz-Argüelles", "Noel Argüelles", "Julian Argüelles", "Bartolomé de Argüelles", "Marco Argüelles", "Ramon Arguelles", "Manuel Argüelles Argüelles", "Carlos Arguelles", "Martín de Argüelles", "José Canga Argüelles", "Juan de Argüelles", "Alexander Argüelles", "Consuelo Argüelles Loya", "Yarianny Arguelles", "Agustín Argüelles", "Arael Argüelles", "Juan Antonio Arguelles Rius", "José Argüelles", "Pedro Argüelles Morán", "John Arguelles" ]
79,763,581	Manuel Argüelles	Manuel Argüelles may refer to: Manuel Argüelles (footballer) (1897–1958), Spanish footballer Manuel Argüelles Argüelles (1875–1945), Spanish politician and lawyer	[ "Manuel Argüelles (footballer)", "Manuel Argüelles Argüelles" ]
79,763,588	Category:AfC submissions by date/24 April 2025		[]
79,763,589	Template:TFA title/April 27, 2025	The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask	[]

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