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c1ovu4
|
why haven’t we gone to a specific screw type yet?
|
If you look up screw heads you’ll find that there’s a ton of different designs. The designs are meant for preventing slipping and stripping. They also involve different torque. So my question is why are there so many different kinds of screws? Wouldn’t there be a superior design that would handle the problems above?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c1ovu4/eli5_why_havent_we_gone_to_a_specific_screw_type/
|
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"Different screws are needed for different applications. Some are designed to be \"security\" screws, some are designed for higher torque, others are made just to be cheap, and some are made for convience.",
" > The designs are meant for preventing slipping and stripping.\n\nPhillips are designed to slip when too much torque is applied so that you don't damage the thing you are screwing into when screwing by hand.",
"There's a reason anything wth \"standardized\" fittings have a bunch of standards for similar things. People come up with a new better standard but we don't convert everything immediately to the new standard. Lots of parts still have the old fittings so you need the tools and such to still work with them. Things like the Allen and torx bits were initially design for their inability to be removed with standard screw heads. But people realized their other advantages and their use became more widespread.\n\nEach design has its own advantages and disadvantages and there are so many more that we don't use regularly. It's just the few most popular will always share space.",
" > So my question is why are there so many different kinds of screws?\n\nSelf answered questions are the best questions:\n\n > The designs are meant for preventing slipping and stripping. They also involve different torque.\n\n > Wouldn’t there be a superior design that would handle the problems above?\n\nNo, not really. You can't design something that gives you a ton of torque, but at the same time will cam out to prevent damage to the material due to over tightening. That doesn't include all the new security types that pop up every few years. \n\nInstead you choose the correct screw head type for the application. Phillips for things where over tightening will damage materials, Roberston or Torx when you want high torque and no slippage, and slot headed when you need to vent by yelling and swearing at your project."
]
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5o41ng
|
how does a free television network (cw) make millions off of their televisions shows. (other then 3rd party sales)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5o41ng/eli5_how_does_a_free_television_network_cw_make/
|
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"Mainly through advertising revenue. Companies pay to advertise and, if the show is popular, enough, pay very well. Advertising is by far the biggest revenue source for free to air TV stations.\n\nSome TV shows actually also directly generate an income (think shows with pay to call lines like American Idol) or in show advertising (think any talk show / news show) or product placement.\n\nShows can also generate some income through merchandising if they are popular enough.\n\nFinally, TV stations can make money through syndication - that is, charging other TV stations in other areas (or countries) that also want to air that show. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
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||
lisn9
|
brain in a vat argument [philosophy]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/lisn9/eli5_brain_in_a_vat_argument_philosophy/
|
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"It's about the distinction between truth and knowledge, and whether that distinction has any meaning.\n\nThe premise is that you've got a brain in a jar, wired up to some external source of electrical signals that perfectly mimic the signals the brain would receive if it were in a normal setting. (Note well that this is completely impossible. This is not something you can do; it's just a premise to start thinking about something else.) We accept as axiomatic to the premise that the soul is associated with the brain, and thus that this disembodied lump of meat can be said, in some sense, to be a living person who is having artificial experiences.\n\nThe question is, how would this person know that the sensations he or she (can you use a gendered pronoun to refer to a disembodied organ?) is experiencing are artificial, and not actually indicative of real experiences? If you feed the disembodied brain the sensation of a brick being dropped on a toe, how does the person associated with that brain know that its toe hasn't just been squashed by a brick?\n\nThe answer depends on whether you think our experience is composed solely of our senses or not. Some say it is, some say it isn't. But really, that's not what's interesting.\n\nWhat's interesting is when you look deeper. For example, what if that person — who, remember, is constantly being fed a stream of synthetic sensory impressions that are completely indistinguishable, to the person, from real life — says one day \"I am just a brain in a jar\"? Is that a true statement or a false statement?\n\nFrom one perspective, it's true. That person's corpus is in fact composed solely of a brain in a jar wired up to a battery and a switch or whatever. But that's not the question. The question is, is that statement true or false *from the perspective of the speaker?*\n\nThere's a good argument to be made that it is in fact a false statement. Not only is it not a provable statement — remember, the brain's sensorium is being fed nothing but artificially generated signals — but it's actually contradicted by everything that person can see, smell, taste or touch. So in the *empirical* sense, the statement is in fact false … even though you can construct a point of view from which it's *empirically* true.\n\nThis has wide-reaching implications in the area of applied ethics. If we concede that to the person in the experiment, the statement \"I am just a brain in a jar\" is *false* — that is, if we invoke empiricism — then it must follow that the ethics of the person's behavior must be judged not from the godlike perspective in which he actually is a brain in a jar, but rather in the subjective perspective in which he's a person with a life and friends and pets and whatever else the external machine is feeding his senses.\n\nIn other words, if we cleave to empiricism, then we must reject nihilism. What is objectively true becomes completely irrelevant; only what we observe with our senses matters, and we must behave in an ethical manner *given those sensations*.\n\nWhich is really kind of paradoxical, if you think about it. We just used pure empiricism and objectivity to prove that objectivity is not a valid ethical system.\n\nIt's an interesting topic. But as with all things philosophical, it's not really something to invest a huge amount of time in. It's entirely reasonable to spend more time deciding what to have for lunch than you spend thinking about the ethical system of a disembodied brain.",
"We like to think that our brain is capturing information about the \"Real World\", however this may not be true. Our brain just gets electrical impulses from our various organs (eyes, ears, nose), and we think our organs are actually sensing the Real World. \n\nIt's entirely possible that someone has our brain sitting in a vat somewhere with lots of electrodes hooked up to it. The part of the brain that should be connected to our eyes is actually connected to a super computer that sends electrical impulses as if we were seeing a things (like elephants, houses and cars). All of our senses can be replaced like this.\n\nThe end result is that it's impossible to truly \"know\" anything. You may think the sky is blue, but in the Real World (the world where your brain is sitting in a vat, *not* the fake world where you think you're sitting in front of a computer) the sky is orange, or there's no such thing as a sky at all.\n\nIn my personal opinion, while the above argument is sound, it's not a particularly useful concept to entertain. It's much more useful to assume that there is a Real World around us and that our senses are a reliable way to observe that Real World. \n\nMore generally, if some word has been defined in such a way that we can never actually use it (\"know\" in the above example), then our definition for the word isn't very useful and we should change it.\n\nThere are some definitions of \"random\" that I don't like because they aren't useful at all. ",
"It's about the distinction between truth and knowledge, and whether that distinction has any meaning.\n\nThe premise is that you've got a brain in a jar, wired up to some external source of electrical signals that perfectly mimic the signals the brain would receive if it were in a normal setting. (Note well that this is completely impossible. This is not something you can do; it's just a premise to start thinking about something else.) We accept as axiomatic to the premise that the soul is associated with the brain, and thus that this disembodied lump of meat can be said, in some sense, to be a living person who is having artificial experiences.\n\nThe question is, how would this person know that the sensations he or she (can you use a gendered pronoun to refer to a disembodied organ?) is experiencing are artificial, and not actually indicative of real experiences? If you feed the disembodied brain the sensation of a brick being dropped on a toe, how does the person associated with that brain know that its toe hasn't just been squashed by a brick?\n\nThe answer depends on whether you think our experience is composed solely of our senses or not. Some say it is, some say it isn't. But really, that's not what's interesting.\n\nWhat's interesting is when you look deeper. For example, what if that person — who, remember, is constantly being fed a stream of synthetic sensory impressions that are completely indistinguishable, to the person, from real life — says one day \"I am just a brain in a jar\"? Is that a true statement or a false statement?\n\nFrom one perspective, it's true. That person's corpus is in fact composed solely of a brain in a jar wired up to a battery and a switch or whatever. But that's not the question. The question is, is that statement true or false *from the perspective of the speaker?*\n\nThere's a good argument to be made that it is in fact a false statement. Not only is it not a provable statement — remember, the brain's sensorium is being fed nothing but artificially generated signals — but it's actually contradicted by everything that person can see, smell, taste or touch. So in the *empirical* sense, the statement is in fact false … even though you can construct a point of view from which it's *empirically* true.\n\nThis has wide-reaching implications in the area of applied ethics. If we concede that to the person in the experiment, the statement \"I am just a brain in a jar\" is *false* — that is, if we invoke empiricism — then it must follow that the ethics of the person's behavior must be judged not from the godlike perspective in which he actually is a brain in a jar, but rather in the subjective perspective in which he's a person with a life and friends and pets and whatever else the external machine is feeding his senses.\n\nIn other words, if we cleave to empiricism, then we must reject nihilism. What is objectively true becomes completely irrelevant; only what we observe with our senses matters, and we must behave in an ethical manner *given those sensations*.\n\nWhich is really kind of paradoxical, if you think about it. We just used pure empiricism and objectivity to prove that objectivity is not a valid ethical system.\n\nIt's an interesting topic. But as with all things philosophical, it's not really something to invest a huge amount of time in. It's entirely reasonable to spend more time deciding what to have for lunch than you spend thinking about the ethical system of a disembodied brain.",
"We like to think that our brain is capturing information about the \"Real World\", however this may not be true. Our brain just gets electrical impulses from our various organs (eyes, ears, nose), and we think our organs are actually sensing the Real World. \n\nIt's entirely possible that someone has our brain sitting in a vat somewhere with lots of electrodes hooked up to it. The part of the brain that should be connected to our eyes is actually connected to a super computer that sends electrical impulses as if we were seeing a things (like elephants, houses and cars). All of our senses can be replaced like this.\n\nThe end result is that it's impossible to truly \"know\" anything. You may think the sky is blue, but in the Real World (the world where your brain is sitting in a vat, *not* the fake world where you think you're sitting in front of a computer) the sky is orange, or there's no such thing as a sky at all.\n\nIn my personal opinion, while the above argument is sound, it's not a particularly useful concept to entertain. It's much more useful to assume that there is a Real World around us and that our senses are a reliable way to observe that Real World. \n\nMore generally, if some word has been defined in such a way that we can never actually use it (\"know\" in the above example), then our definition for the word isn't very useful and we should change it.\n\nThere are some definitions of \"random\" that I don't like because they aren't useful at all. "
]
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[],
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3phah9
|
why do some people rapidly flutter their eyelids when talking?
|
I've noticed on a few friends and family that when they're talking to someone, particularly when conversation is a bit tense, they will rapidly flutter their eyelids and what appears to be slightly rolling their eyes back. Is this an actual condition? Explain like I'm five?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3phah9/eli5_why_do_some_people_rapidly_flutter_their/
|
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"This is called a motor tic, and it most often affects the eyes and face. So eyelid fluttering is a common example of this. Also, tics are exacerbated by stress, so that might be why it gets worse when conversations get intense/they get angry etc. \nThere are also vocal tics, where people make noises or say things. \nThese tics are not involuntary but *unvoluntary* meaning that the person can force the tic to stop, but that is uncomfortable and stressful to keep up, so when they stop controlling it, the tic comes back. \nA minor tic like eyelids fluttering a bit isn't that abnormal or serious, but there are tic-disorders that are quite debilitating.\n\n\nRead about it here: \n_URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.webmd.com/brain/tic-disorders-and_twitches"
]
] |
|
2kvvvx
|
why do so many baseball players chew gum during a game?
|
I don't know anything about baseball, I just was watching the championship game because it was my city. I noticed almost all of the players were chewing gum and blowing bubbles. It seemed really wierd. In other sports it would come across as unprofessional.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2kvvvx/eli5_why_do_so_many_baseball_players_chew_gum/
|
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"text": [
"Because they're not allowed to use chewing tobacco in the dugouts anymore ",
"Short answer is that you spend a tremendous, just huge, amount of time in Baseball standing around doing absolutely nothing. Too far away to talk to anyone else, just waiting for something to happen. It's boring half the time, frankly. Chewing gum gives ya something to do.",
"Because baseball is boring as fuck and they need something to do while standing around doing nothing.",
"Partly tradition. When I played as a kid you chewed gum or ate seeds. People just did it and it was enjoyable so you kept doing it."
]
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2oi3pf
|
why can't flight data (ie, that contained in the cockpit voice recorder, black boxes, etc.) be transmitted off the plane throughout the flight?
|
That way the data wouldn't be lost with the plane should it disappear... This sounds like it would be much more efficient than having to hunt for these items, and I'd imagine we have the technology to to that in this day and age. So what am I missing here?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2oi3pf/eli5_why_cant_flight_data_ie_that_contained_in/
|
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"text": [
"[This thread will give you better answers than I can](_URL_0_)"
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[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2bck9g/eli5_why_are_black_boxes_even_a_thing_on_modern/"
]
] |
|
1moe3x
|
what is the difference between a phone cpu and a desktop cpu when they are rated at the same ghz?
|
Cell phones are now coming with quad-core processors and really high clock speeds, yet the processor size is extremely small. What makes a "snapdragon" processor in a cell phone different from a new Intel processor you would buy for a desktop computer? Can't they both perform the same amount of calculations per second?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1moe3x/eli5_what_is_the_difference_between_a_phone_cpu/
|
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"Clock speed has a very low correlation to instructions per second given two random processors. \n\n_URL_0_",
"Imagine two buses running on the same route, one with 20 seats and the other with 100.\n\nThey might travel at the same speed, but the bigger bus is going to get a lot more done.\n\nThe same is true for computers vs. phone. They might execute the same number of instructions per second, but the computer is going to do a lot more with each instruction."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megahertz_myth"
],
[]
] |
|
1jttov
|
9/11 conspiracies
|
I would post in r/conspiracy, but they would be biased. I want to know what they think happened, but I want an unbiased recap of their theories.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1jttov/eli5_911_conspiracies/
|
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"Firstly, I'm only answering OP's question, I'm not speaking as a proponent of conspiracy theories.\n\nMost of them are centered around the idea that 9/11 was an inside job carried out by our own government, and you will hear tons of supporting conspiracy theories looking to provide details backing up this notion. Supporting conspiracy theories in general fall into 3 main categories.\n\n1) Prove a motive of an alternate party. In this case, many 9/11 theorists want to convince people that our government could have a reason for staging the WTC and pentagon attacks.\n\n2) Disprove or discredit prominent existing theories. In this case, they want to make people less certain of the idea that 9/11 was caused by foreign terrorists who hate the US.\n\n3) Suggest alternative theories. In this case, they present many alternate things that could have caused the destruction of those buildings other than the commonly accepted idea. \n\nThese go hand in hand, you want to convince people that something else happened, so you need to show them how it could have happened differently, who could have done it and why, as well as convince them that the existing theory is less valid. \n\nEdit: examples of each:\n\n1) The most common motive/suspect in these conspiracy theories is that the government wanted to justify a war on terror by causing a spectacle to rally the people against terrorists.\n\n2) One theory points out that jet fuel can't burn hot enough to melt the steel in the WTC. As an aero/mechanical engineer working as a structural analyst, I am not even going to begin to comment on how fucking stupid this is, but people do say it.\n\n3) There is a common theory that bursts of smoke/dust from the base of the building indicate some sort of controlled detonation.\n\nI'll let you guys pick these apart and add other examples.",
"Simply put they want to blame the government/NWO/G.W. Bush jr. or anyone else for the attack. Almost after any sort of tragedy there are people who come out and say that it was really caused by some secret organization or the government was behind it. People do this because they want to believe that the only people who could have done this was a large nameless organization. They can also want to blame the current people in power for it because they are trying to control more of the country through fear. \n\nI believe it was the Newton school shooting there were people who said that it never happened and it was a ploy by the government to pass more restrictive gun laws.\n\nWith 9/11 it was something that wasn’t going to be forgotten after a week or so, it is still in people’s minds. All the “evidence” i.e. the towers, has been hauled off so the only thing we have left are peoples first hand accounts of what happened and whatever video footage that is left. This makes it easy for people to say that the only way the towers fell were due to control demolition or that the planes were filled with explosives and remotely flown into the towers.\n\n\nThe 9/11 conspiracies can be looked at from two broad points of view:\n\n1. The government knew about the attack and let it happen\n2. The government had a hand it planning/carrying out the attacks\n\nFrom here people can say that the towers fell due to:\n\n* Controlled demolition.\n* Thermite charges, another form of controlled demolition.\n* Planes filled with explosives.\n* Missiles were fired and planes did not hit the towers.\n\nThis leads to why this has happened:\n\n* Invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.\n* Expansion of the US military.\n* Expansion of US influence across the globe.\n* Greed/Money.\n\nI hope this answers your question.",
"I watched a movie on Netflix called \"Zeitgeist\" and the whole second act of the documentary was about some 9/11 conspiracies. It was really fascinating and rather convincing, even though I have a hard time believing in conspiracies otherwise.\n\nAnyway, watch that movie some time and you'd be surprised.",
"Many of them don't agree with each other, so it's a bit tricky to explain what \"they\" think happened. However, most 9/11 conspiracy theories can be categorized as either \"The US government let 9/11 happen\" or \"The US government made 9/11 happen\". The most commonly cited justification for the US government doing this is to create public support for a war in the Middle East. Ideas which frequently appear also include the idea that the WTC was destroyed by a controlled implosion, not by the airplanes, that the Pentagon was hit by a cruise missile, and that Flight 93 was shot down by the military, rather than crashed as a result of a passenger revolt.",
"Theorists posit as many actors as being the mastermind behind 9/11 as there are rationales for their action: it was the administration looking to justify war, one of the alphabet agencies hiding their actions, cabal of business interests covering up illegal acts, and the list goes on.\n\nHowever, what the conspiracy theorists \"think\" happened isn't as important as why they think that something happened. Regardless of the conclusion drawn, by-and-large the 9/11 \"truthers\" are questioning \"facts\" presented to the public: Building 7's collapse, lack of military air presence, lack of aircraft debris, lack of video evidence (especially at the Pentagon), extreme improbability of finding intact paper evidence... and this list also goes on.\n",
"Well, we seen a plane hit a building, but is that what happened? \n\nThink about it, can a plane knock over a building? I dont think a plane is heavy enough or strong enough to bend concrete and steel. Also, plane fuel doesnt burn high enough to melt steel!\n\nNow, we seen explosions on the bottom. BOOM. The plane hit the top of the building though. There must have been explosions at the bottom.\n\nPlus the buildings feel straight down. That only happens in controlled demolitions. Definitely something fishy going on, and dont get me started on building seven that feel down by itself!\n\nSo if explosions knocked them over, who set the explosions? Probably Bush. Think about it, we needed an excuse to go to war with iraq. An attack on our soil. Is that attack. Bush knew osama was going to attacl, so why didnt he stop it?\n\nNow, the airforce is able to get to any part of the country in a few minutes. A fighter jet could easily have gotten there on time. But they didnt. Bush must have told them to hold off. Its the only explanation.\n\n**Now it's time to give the other side**\n\nLet me address your claims one at a time. Concrete and steel wouldnt bend a room temperature sure, but the plane fuel would have heated up tge structure. With heat the structure would become approximately 15% the normal strength. It would fall under its on weight! Since we agree the plane wouldnt knock it down, its only reaction is to fall practically straight down. \n\nNow, the explosion would have spread in out in the areas of least resistance. The flames would go through the elevator shafts and out to the bottom of the building.\n\nNow building seven was found to be hit by heavy debree, it was probably enough to do damage to one of the more central areas and will cause it to fall.\n\nNow the jet scrambles really didnt know what to look for. When thwy were going off course we couldnt tell where they were going. Then they hit the tower. Then when we thought it was over it hit another tower, then the pentagon. It was terrible and unpredictable. \n\nI dont think bush wanted any of this, but those clains for motives cant be proven, and most of your argument is just speculation. I wish you a good day.",
"Also, the fine folks at [Project For A New American Century](_URL_1_) didn't help matters. See who founded that think tank? See the signatures? It's like a who's who of the Bush administration.\n\nThe you add in that they were [itching for Iraq](_URL_2_) before for years before Bush took office (again, read who signed it).\n\nFinish that off with this little statement: \"Further, the process of transformation, even if it brings revolutionary change, is likely to be a long one, absent some catastrophic and catalyzing event––like a new Pearl Harbor\" from PNAC. source: _URL_0_ page 51, it is a pdf of course.\n\nThen add all the other points people have made and it leads some people to the conclusion that the Bush administration did it.",
"Okay, I realize I'm not contributing at all by posting this (in fact I am doing the complete opposite), but I'm unsubscribing from ELI5. I really should have expected this place to become generally inane once it became a default subreddit, but I was not prepared.\n\n\"What's going on with Obamacare in the news?\"\n\n\"Why is reality television appealing to so many?\"\n\n\"Why do I feel people staring at me?\"\n\nAnd now we've got conspiracy theorists perpetuating undeniably and **thoroughly** debunked arguments and being upvoted for it... in freaking ELI5?\n\nI'd start my own ELI5 with blackjack and hookers, but I'm worried I might actually contribute something."
]
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[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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"http://www.newamericancentury.org/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf",
"http://www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm",
"http://www.newamericancentury.org/iraqclintonletter.htm"
],
[]
] |
|
7bj0wz
|
why can't we start a farm in america where we breed a bunch of rhinos or other endangered animals.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7bj0wz/eli5_why_cant_we_start_a_farm_in_america_where_we/
|
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"I'm going to point out the Giant Panda as an example.\n\nIn zoos, they have a perfectly safe environment with some roam to roam, plenty of food and a few choices of potential mates. \n\nAnd they don't want to breed. \n\n\nGetting animals to breed in captivity is a hard task. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
4aezi5
|
why do some cars still blow air through the vents even after the ac is turned off?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4aezi5/eli5why_do_some_cars_still_blow_air_through_the/
|
{
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"text": [
"How hard is it blowing? If it's just a soft blow, this can be because the air from the outside is somehow forcing its way through the vents as you drive. My car does this. I can stop it by closing the vents (putting it in circulation mode so only air inside the car moves around).",
"So basically think about being in a box. Holes in it. Whatever air hits it is going to hit you. Thats what is happening. If you have it set to hit it's going to warm that air because it's hitting the heating element. It also lets in smells and allergens from outside but is the quickest way to get fresh air in the car without opening Windows. \n\nRecycling the air will fix your problem :) good luck :)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
3z4ed9
|
there are hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants in the usa who come from developed countries, like ireland. what is life like for this kind of illegal immigrant?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3z4ed9/eli5_there_are_hundreds_of_thousands_of_illegal/
|
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"Not sure the premise in the question is accurate there may be some people from developed countries like Ireland however it is unlikely that there are hundreds of thousands, certainly not as long term immigrants.",
"I know a guy who overstayed his student visa. He lived with his girlfriend, used up his savings and took some temporary jobs that paid cash. After a year his savings were exhausted and his girlfriend was sick of him so he went home. I suspect his story is similar to most of the illegal immigrants from developing countries.\n\n",
"I know a couple of people living like that, both from Spain. One of them is there because he got caught with a lot of drugs in his home country and didn't fancy spending a large chunk of his life in jail. The other guy is there just for work. He had family there already and he uses some Mexican guy's ID/papers as far as I know, but I never really dug too into it. Both of them worked cash in hand for a while, in construction I think. Both of them white so they don't stand out as illegals whilst walking around every day.\n\nI know quite a few other people who lived in the US illegally. The story is always the same: They already know someone who lives there, usually family, so they are pretty set up from the first day. They will do cash in hand jobs in construction, cleaning, or other jobs where they can get by anonymously doing cash in hand work. They are economic migrants with no interest in becoming Americans, and mostly with a plan to return back to their home country some day. They don't go on welfare or anything like that, if they wanted to do that they'd just stay in their own country. \n\nThe people generally miss their friends and family in their homeland a lot. They can't come back to visit as it would be hard for them to cross the Atlantic and back again without getting caught. They are not there to cause crime or leech off benefits, but I'm not sure if they pay taxes. I believe the kids might go to school by having the family members who are actually legal citizens acting as their guardians but I'm not 100% on that. They \"take American jobs\" but only if you wanted to work as a cleaner or very low level construction work (you're not going to be a foreman or have any position which you can't disappear from with no waves). They stay away from crime as they don't want to get caught and kicked out of the country. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
6m8plk
|
why is it that seemingly every website/game/anything wants me to log into facebook to use it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6m8plk/eli5_why_is_it_that_seemingly_every/
|
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"The site needs you to make an account.\n\nBut it's a hassle to make an account. If you log in with facebook the site gets an account to refer to you by, and you don't have to put much effort into it. It also makes it easy for you to tell people about their thing if they can convince you it's good, so you're more likely to do that.\n\nFacebook has also made it really easy to use it as an \"everything\" login to keep people engaged in facebook.",
"Theres two main reasons:\n\n1) Everyone has a facebook account, instead of going through the process of making a new account and such, you can just \"one-click\" right into the game. This helps draw in customers easier and faster and avoid losing passwords and such. Basically it makes the game easy to access, which is good\n\n2) Its REALLY about advertising. Linking your facebook account to something gives that company a TON of info about you. This allows them to target ads at you better, and targeted ads means more money for the company. ",
"A lot of people seem to be saying \"so they can target ads\" or \"so they get lots of information about you\", but that's not really the case. Let me explain a bit about how this works.\n\nWhen you click \"log in with Facebook\", the website sends you to a website controlled by Facebook (not them) that asks you to log in if you aren't already logged in, and then asks you to authorize their application to access certain information. If you click OK, then it sends a token to that website allowing them to access only the information that they requested access to.\n\nThat Facebook page will tell you what they are requesting access to. The list of things they can ask for is on [this page](_URL_0_), but most of these websites just ask for the basics- public_profile and maybe email, so they'll get your name, profile picture, and your email, but they won't have access to your likes or your friends list or anything like that. If they do want access to that other stuff, the page will tell you. You should always read this page to make sure that random websites aren't requesting permission to spam all your friends and like pages on your behalf. \n\nThe advantage of this to Facebook is that you have more stuff tied to your Facebook account so you become more tied to the Facebook ecosystem. They also know what app/website you're using, but they don't know enough about what you're using the app for to target any additional ads to you.\n\nFor the website, there are two main benefits.\n\nFirst of all, the sign-up flow is way easier- it's literally just two clicks if you're already signed in to Facebook. If they need a bunch of information from you, they'd otherwise need a much longer sign-up process, and a lot of people tend to give up if the sign-up process is too long. \n\nSecond, they get to take advantage of all of Facebook's security. Facebook has something like 17,000 employees. They have whole teams just dedicated to keeping your information safe. Joe's Forum does not have whole teams dedicated to keeping your information safe, so it's much more likely that Joe gets hacked than Facebook. That means Joe doesn't have to worry about stopping hackers from creating tons of fake accounts, and if his website does get hacked, the hackers won't get access to all of his user's personal information (since all of that is stored in Facebook).",
"Everyone here is commenting on why **Facebook** wants there to be login buttons without talking much about why **developers** choose to use them. \n\nFor us, it's all about simplicity and \"friction\". Simplicity means that's it's stupid easy to get an API key from FB then copy and paste some code instead of creating the form, storing the information, and making sure it stays secure. \n\nI mention the concept of \"friction\" because there are tons of website out there competing for your attention. A user is more likely to try out a service if they can click a single button and go instead of taking the time to fill out a sign-up form.",
"You own website. You want users to register. User types email, sets password, confirms password, types name. Could be 100% BS information. Maybe your website is sheep porn and now someone is signing up as their boss. That is not good. So you decide you will send an activation email to confirm that at least the email is genuine. Now to use your members only feature I have to give my email, provide a secure password, re enter it, go to my email, click the link and then I'm registered. \n\nTo make everyone's life easier and reduce steps, facebook sign in is an option. ",
"Ads, money, data yes that's part of it. Another part of it is that it allows a dev to piggy back off someone else's authentication system without having to write or maintain your own.",
"It's easier for me as a developer to use Facebook's sign up process than it is to develop and support my own user authentication framework.",
"almost all the information needed to sign in/make an account with these websites/games/apps are already attached to your facebook\n\nnearly everybody that uses these websites/games/apps has a facebook, so it expedites the sign up process by taking your information from your facebook and making an account",
"I think OP's question has more to do with \"why do I need an 'account' just to read an article about the National Zoo pandas?\" The answer is that you don't, and all these comments about how \"the FB API is easier; why reinvent the wheel?\" are completely missing the point.",
"Especially on the internet:\n\nIf you are not paying for something, **YOU ARE THE PRODUCT BEING SOLD**. \n\nUsually the price tag is your privacy where your traffic history, page views, where your mouse is, how long you view a page, how fast you scroll through it, etc. Are mined, and correlated to provide a profile to advertisers. Tracking you every behavior pattern and interest.\n\n[Facebook is one of (if not **the**) the absolute worst offenders.](_URL_0_)\n\nSo when you tie that game into your Facebook profile, they can correlate the pseudo-anonymous data of the game and the page, with all your very personal info on your Facebook profile. And tie it in with all other links.\n\nThe game gets a kickback from facebook for doing this.",
"When you click \"login to Facebook,\" look at the permissions you're granting the app. A lot of them are going to want your friends list and your email address. These are very useful pieces of information when collected on a large scale, and very profitable.\n\nIf they get you to create an account without using Facebook, you're still handing them you're email address, which is still useful. \n\nIt all boils down to this simple fact: if a service is free, then you are not the customer, you are the product. Any time you use a free product, try to think of what information you're giving them and how you are being marketed as a product. \n\nEdit: Also, there's a difference between something like Spotify allowing you to login through Facebook and that stupid quiz to find out what Disney princess you are that your friend shared asking you to login through Facebook. One of them is a service that you're likely to use a lot, and they are outsourcing the authentication infrastructure to Facebook, the other is just trying to collect information to sell. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://developers.facebook.com/docs/facebook-login/permissions/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://reddit.com/r/antifacebook/wiki"
],
[]
] |
||
5t4ymd
|
math proofs
|
I'm watching "The Man Who Knew Infinity" in which they talk a lot about math proofs. I need someone to give me a very simplistic example of what a math proof is.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5t4ymd/eli5_math_proofs/
|
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"A \"proof\" in mathematics is a logical argument that uses known-to-be-true steps to *prove* that a given conclusion is true.\n\nFor example:\n\nStatement: The number 4 is an even integer.\n\nProof:\n\n* An \"even integer\" is defined as an integer which can be written in the form of 2(k), where k is some integer. \n\n* The number 4 can be written in the form of 2(2).\n\n* Thus, the number 4 is by definition an even integer.\n\nOr:\n\nStatement: The number 3 is an odd integer.\n\nProof:\n\n* An odd integer is by definition an integer that can be written in the form of 2(k) + 1, where k is some integer.\n\n* The number 3 can be written in the form 2(1) + 1\n\n* The number 3 is therefore an odd integer.\n\nOr, as a more complex example:\n\nStatement: The sum of two odd integers is always an even integer.\n\n* Let M and N be any odd integers.\n\n* By definition, M and N can be written in the form of 2(k) + 1 and 2(j) + 1 respectively.\n\n* By substitution, M+N = 2(k)+1 + 2(j) + 1\n\n* By algebra, M+N = 2(k)+2(j)+2 = 2(k+j)+2 = 2(k+j+1).\n\n* Let h be some integer equal to (k+j+1).\n\n* By substitution, M+N = 2(h), which is of the form of an even integer.\n\n* M+N is therefore an even integer.\n\nThus, the sum of two odd integers is always an even integer.",
"alright the short answer for those who dont want to read a book. a proof is an airtight argument where nothing is assumed, \n\nex:\n\nthere are no polar bears in germany\n\nberlin is a city in germany\n\nthere are no polar bears in berlin\n\nfrom this you now have the theorem there are no polar bears in berlin. this but with math, (in this case we would have to assume there are no polar bears in germany is an absolute fact), then this is an airtight argument, with nothing assumed, just by definitions and absolute facts",
"there are some axioms assumed to be true (such as existance of natural numbers, i.e. 1, 2, 3, ...)\n\nproofs used techniques that are always going to be true to show a quality of something. often the most basic ones use definitions in math to prove something. the example below of proving 4 is an even integer is a pretty basic proof using definitions."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
3w11uz
|
why can't toxoplasmosis reproduce outside of a cat's digestive system?
|
I've heard that toxoplasmosis can make mice behave in ways that make them more likely to get eaten by cats, because it can only reproduce in a cat's digestive system. What is unique about the cat's reproductive system that makes it the only place (or at least the most ideal place) to reproduce?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3w11uz/eli5_why_cant_toxoplasmosis_reproduce_outside_of/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cxslek7"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"There is no real answer above \"it chooses to\"\n\nMuch like anything there is an ideal living environment, for humans it's on land seemingly between -50c to 60c (with our current level of tech), for fish it is in water, for fungi it is damp soil around organic matter, for cordyceps it is a specific insect/arachnid/mollusc, for toxoplasmosis it is in felines.\n\nAs for why it changes the brain to make mice easier to catch, mice are generally a lot more mobile than house cats being able to utilise cracks and holes similar to cockroaches.\n\nIt is along a similar vein to this video _URL_0_ where it uses one organism to get to another."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkiL-v4X8w8"
]
] |
|
353y4v
|
why does thinking about huge things like the universe make me freak the fuck out?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/353y4v/eli5_why_does_thinking_about_huge_things_like_the/
|
{
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"text": [
"Because you then realize how insignificant we are compared to the Universe and there are other civilizations probably out there that we don't know about and the fact that our solar system harbored the right conditions for us to exist in a safe area of the galaxy is a miracle. Also we could be ended at any moment with little to no warning. ",
"It could also simply be that cognitively speaking, our mind has a hard time to grasp the magnitude of some things. We tend to try to bring any concept we hear back to a reference point we already know, but when it's impossible to do so we may feel at a loss to grasp the concept. \nThis is often the case when we try to get a feel for the infinitely small (like microbes! imagine how people from a century ago felt when the first scientists came with the idea of millions of bug so tiny you can't see them). Or the infinitely large (like space and the universe). Or the infinitely complex (like humans interactions, neurons and the way the brain works)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
4txcvo
|
what would happen if bill gates sold all his shares and requested to get his money in cash.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4txcvo/eli5_what_would_happen_if_bill_gates_sold_all_his/
|
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"text": [
"It would definitely be possible. When you sell stock, it's not like the company is just giving you back money. You have to find other people to buy those shares. \n\nWhen people sell large amounts of stock, like buying anything in bulk, the purchaser will usually negotiate a lower price per share. That means Gates wouldn't be worth 80 billion anymore because no one is going to buy millions of shares for \"full\" price. If a company wants your stock and you don't want to sell, you can even negotiate a higher price than its \"market value\". That's why companies sometimes buy other companies for billions of dollars even if they weren't worth that much at the time. ",
"If Bill Gates were to start selling his shares the stock price would plummet. But assuming he were able to sell everything without raising suspicion, for expamle selling everything to Google in one go, he would be able to cash in 76 billion dollars. If he got paid in 100 dollar bills it would be less then 1000 m^3 including packaging. It would be a large order of bills but not unreasonably large. It is fair to assume that the batch size for new bank notes are larger then this.",
"Also, keep in mind that $60 billion in hundred dollar bills is 600 million 100-dollar bills. That would weigh 1.3 million pounds. He'd probably need a bit of help hauling that away. He also couldn't store it in one place unless it was on something sturdy.",
"At my back we only keep roughly 150k-200k on hand at any given time. If a customer wants to make a large cash out, we order the money and have it delivered and set up a time for them to pick it up. We have our security officer escort them to their vehicle to ensure they make it off the passing lot with it. After that, it's in their hands. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
c793h4
|
ecuador uses usd as its currency. how does it get new bills or get rid of old ones?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c793h4/eli5_ecuador_uses_usd_as_its_currency_how_does_it/
|
{
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"text": [
"Banks (regional or central) can buy any currency they desire, either with a different foreign currency or by selling something of value and taking payment in USD. \n\nNew bills come from other banks stockpiles or from the US.\n\nOld bills are stored, spent or (if damaged) exchanged with US Bureau of Engraving.\n\nThe problem with using another country’s currency is that you don’t control how much is in global circulation. You can’t print more. You’re locked into the issuing country’s fiscal policy."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
bgszal
|
why do men have a refactory period?
|
I always wondered why: wouldn’t it be better for the progression of the species if men could have sex “continuously”?
Is it to make sure the new sperm will be healthy?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bgszal/eli5_why_do_men_have_a_refactory_period/
|
{
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"text": [
"The human male penis has a big ridge on it at the glans (the head). The reason this is there is that it creates a suction effect for scooping out semen from a rival male. If there's semen already in there when you're having sex, you'll remove it. You have a refractory period to keep yourself from removing your own semen.",
"Its a bit of a misconception that evolution will always result in a ideal/perfect solution, after a system works \"good enough\", the process naturally slows down. Its why we still have vestigial stuff, like Ear muscles. Are people producing more cause of ear muscles? No, but there's no real pressure for it to disappear either. \n\nSo how many more kids would being able to fuck continuously actually produce?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2bqv95
|
how do we know so much about other galaxies and solar systems that are hundreds and thousands of light years away?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2bqv95/eli5_how_do_we_know_so_much_about_other_galaxies/
|
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"text": [
"We look through telescopes of all kinds (visible and non-visible light), and we look at the results. With good telescopes, you can see other galaxies and their structure very clearly. You can also see stars within our own galaxy pretty well, and determine the size of others by their brightness and distance. We don't have good enough telescopes to see something as small as planets, which is why we have less information about them; the ones we do know about, we found by looking for their effects on the stars they orbit.\n\nIf you want to see pictures of other galaxies, they're all over the internet; I personally love _URL_0_ . They not only show you beautiful images, but they have an explanation written by a professional astronomer every day.",
"In all honesty, we don't \"know\" but we can make some very educated guesses based on the data we have collected. Without sending probes or a manned craft to observe these things up close we can't be 100% sure that our calculations are correct. Astronomers recently found out that several planets around a nearby star that were thought to be potentially habitable didn't even exist."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html"
],
[]
] |
|
280ppt
|
how to get rid of dandruff
|
Those special shampoos never worked in my hair, so what should I do?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/280ppt/eli5how_to_get_rid_of_dandruff/
|
{
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"text": [
"dont take super hot showers , wear a cap outside that way your scalp does not get dry , try to not fully dry your hair , dont scratch your head even when it itches badly. Use a moisterizing shampoo like head n shoulders or selsum blue that always works . If you are like at work or school go to the restroom and get some water in your hair but not to much just enough to moist your scalp but dont scratch it either you know\n\nSource: P.HD in scalpology\n\nEdit: reply if you are going to use this strategies.",
"First know that dandruff and a dry scalp are two different things. If you just have a dry scalp moisturizing shampoos or deep conditioners should do the trick, but for actual dandruff which is actually a type of disease needs to be medicated. If it's not too bad medicated shampoo/condition specifically for dandruff, should do the trick. Try selsun blue. But if you have a worse condition causing your scalp to turn red or even sore, consult a dermatologist.",
"Dandruff includes several disorders from mild dermatitis to severe psoriasis. The skin cells on your scalp multiply too rapidly due to locally increased metabolic activity, which means they don't differentiate properly and create a nice smooth layer of skin. Sometimes the immune system gets involved creating inflammation as well. \n\nIf shampoos are not working for you, it's likely you have a degree of immune response and inflammation. This process is included in a group of diseases referred to as atopic. (asthma, dermatitis, hay fever) It's likely a dose of corticosteroids or other immune drug would cure your symptoms but these drugs are bad for you and generally not indicated for dandruff.\n\nOften, symptoms are exacerbated by stress as this has profound effects on the immune system. Managing stress and living a healthy lifestyle in general is what I would recommend. Exams, personal interactions, life bullshit and even things like computer games can raise your anxiety.\n\nIn short, do a lot of exercise! and avoid foods which increase inflammation such as saturated fats. Manage your emotions! If the dandruff itself is worrying you, perhaps see your doctor about possible short term controls."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
2o4o4n
|
why do shipping companies do residential delivery during common working hours, wasting resources in coming as often as 3 times to my door, instead of having an evening shift delivery?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2o4o4n/eli5_why_do_shipping_companies_do_residential/
|
{
"a_id": [
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],
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"text": [
"I spent some time working on a project for UPS.\n\nI do not know the precise answer to your question, but to say that UPS examines every detail of every operational cost is almost an understatement.\n\nI would guess that the percentage of re-deliveries and the space they take up on a UPS truck is so substantially low...so much of their business is to other businesses as well as residents that are home, and that a re-delivery is so convenient due to typical routing, that the 10 minutes spent stopping by your house and not delivering is less expensive than having a pm crew because to have a pm driver you'd need to have a pm sorting team, pm truck loader, pm scheduler, pm maintenance crew, etc."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
4v3dqf
|
why is russia so far behind the rest of the world technologically and architecturally?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4v3dqf/eli5_why_is_russia_so_far_behind_the_rest_of_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
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],
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],
"text": [
"By worldwide standards Russia is very technologically advanced. They are one of only 4 entities that have landed a spacecraft on a foreign object. The other 3 being the U.S., EU, and China."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2d1h88
|
what would happen if the pope approved gay marriage? would it change anything?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2d1h88/eli5_what_would_happen_if_the_pope_approved_gay/
|
{
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"text": [
"Well, you'd have gay people marrying within the Catholic church, and possibly a greater support for legal gay marriage. However, it would not have any direct effect on what states/countries recognized gay marriage.",
"Well for the Pope to approve gay marriage he would have to revoke some pretty well established Catholic dogma, hailing way back to Augustine's days, in the 4th century. Augustine, a huge player in Catholic theology, believed that sex should be merely a procreative act and that it was inherently sinful. Each time you had sex it was eating away at your relationship with God. Why exactly Augustine thought this has been a little unclear to me, but I think it had to do with his errant early-life partying ways, which he decided were then immoral. But the whole defiling your relationship with God thing seemed pretty bad to people and Augustine was hugely influential, so it has remained a solid tenant of Catholic dogma up to today. \nHowever, this got slightly contorted during Vatican II, a Church council called by Pope John XXIII in the late 50s. Vatican II changed a lot of things (however a lot of those changes were met with pushback from future Pope John Paul II, who was Pontifex for 25 years and undid a lot of the doing Vatican II did). Vatican II declared that sex was not only procreative, but unitive. A couple would not sever ties with God through the sexual act, but grow closer together and closer to God. This all of course in the confines of marriage and the sex must be unitive and procreative, mind you.\nNow seeing as Vatican II did away with Augustine's 'inherently sinful' silliness, I don't imagine it's completely out of the realm of possibility for Francis to initiate a similar effort to do away with that pesky \"procreative\" bit, which would bring stuff like contraceptives (and perhaps even abortion) to the table. However \"completely out of the realm of possibility\" does most definitely not equal \"likely\". It is extremely unlikely, that Francis would undertake any effort of the sort.\nBuuuuuut this is a hypothetical ELI5, so: I imagine it would have huge political ramifications, especially in places where Catholic populations are fairly concentrated and fairly politically divided -- Philadelphia and Baltimore come to mind. It would lead to a much more open Catholic assembly. There would be pushback from more conservative sects of the Church -- the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, for instance, wouldn't be too pleased. It would also also lead to more divisive Catholic issues being brought to the bigass, presumably golden, metaphorical table in Vatican City: priestly celibacy, abortion, etc. Ultimately, I think any major pushback against it would be fruitless -- you can't fuck with the Pope too well. But then again, this is a fairly optimistic view I think -- I was educated by fairly liberal Catholics (the Jesuits).\nThanks for the question!\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
3a74uf
|
why can my phone automatically pick a new cell tower with stronger signal, but can't do the same for wifi routers?
|
Its kind of baffling. Our cell phones have no trouble picking the closest tower with the strongest signal, but it can't replicate this with wifi routers? Its especially aggravating on large, spread out wifi networks (like university networks).
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3a74uf/eli5why_can_my_phone_automatically_pick_a_new/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cs9vvk4"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"They absolutely can. I routinely move around a large building with dozens of wifi access points, and my phone seamlessly moves to the strong signal every time."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
4lpg6m
|
how does movement in vr work?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4lpg6m/eli5_how_does_movement_in_vr_work/
|
{
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"text": [
"For the vive there are two cameras that you attach to opposite corners of a room that track the headset and the two controllers, minimum size is 1.5m x 2m I'm forgetting the max size atm. The rift has a single camera that sits on a desk and tracks the headset. It should also track the touch controllers when they release. As far as I know the rift does motion tracking but its mostly for seated, they aren't focusing on room scale. ",
"[This thread](_URL_0_) may help.",
"The short answer is that you don't need a huge floor space, unless you specifically plan on playing games that are designed for that. This is still the beginning of VR, and many experiences are (and will continue to be) seated experiences. For example, I plan on eventually doing flight sims in VR, which will always be seated.\n\nTo answer your specific technical question...\n\nThe current (Oculus Rift CV1 / HTC Vive) generation of VR products do not track foot movement to figure out where you are in space (and there are folks [working on](_URL_5_) products to allow you to \"walk around\" without walking around much, akin to a 360-degree treadmill).\n\nThey only track the position of your head. The fundamental principles is similar for both, and they both use two different technologies together to track you.\n\nFirst, both the Rift and the Vive have the sort of movement sensors built-in that you'd find on your cell phone- it knows what angle it's being held at, for example. This gives a pretty good start to figure out where you're looking / how you're holding your head, but it's not perfect. The first Rift dev kit (DK1) only had this tech.\n\nBoth the consumer Rift and Vive have another layer of tech to help positioning. On the Vive, there are infrared (IR) receivers all over the headset. On the Rift, there are IR lights all over it, which can't be seen by the human eye, but [can be seen by a digital camera](_URL_2_). So on the Rift, they are lights shining *out*, on the Vive, they are sensors looking for light.\n\nOn the Rift, a [camera in front of you](_URL_1_) sees where the IR lights are. On the Vive, there are [\"Lighthouses\"](_URL_4_) that you place around you, which shine light out towards the headset.\n\n\nSo! Now we've got your head tracked. What about the rest of your body? Both HTC/Valve and Oculus are starting with your hands. The Vive ships with these [wands](_URL_3_), and Oculus is coming out (\"soon\") with their [Touch controllers](_URL_0_). These controllers are tracked in space *just like* the headsets are, and a lot of people agree that seeing your hands in VR adds a lot to \"presence,\" or convincing your brain that you're actually there.\n\nEdit- To finish addressing the \"walking around\" question, the IR tech used on both to track the position of the headset/controllers is how it knows where your body is, or if you are walking around, crouching etc. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23bxmy/eli5_when_wearing_vr_headsets_what_are_those/"
],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/dry4Epq.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/ZFu85z6.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/YjuPKh1.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/dkIBU2r.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/2ibuu3K.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/EWYD7QW.png"
]
] |
||
c7fsa8
|
is it true that when you can get sick from getting wet in the rain? why?
|
This was often told by my parents and I don't understand how it works (neither do they). Is it a sudden change in temperature? idk
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c7fsa8/eli5_is_it_true_that_when_you_can_get_sick_from/
|
{
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"eseta8q",
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],
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"text": [
"No, simply getting wet from rain is not going to make you sick.\n\nGetting wet will make your release body temperature faster (radiate) and you can drop below where you are supposed to which can lead to an immune compromise and any pathogens you are exposed to can lead to a cold.\n\nSame thing about going outside without a jacket. Being jacketless does not mean you will get sick, but it can increase the likelihood of being unable to fight off foreign invaders and germies.",
"Unless the rain is carrying pathogens, no. Cold temperature can suppress your immune system since your body is preoccupied trying to maintain your body temperature. Bad weather also causes more people to stay indoors, so you're in more contact with other people who may be carrying diseases."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
eobwog
|
i get what deepfakes are used for, but wikipedia went right over my head explaining how they are made - so how is this done, exactly?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/eobwog/eli5_i_get_what_deepfakes_are_used_for_but/
|
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"text": [
"To understand that you'd have to understand the concept of a neural network.\n\n[_URL_0_](_URL_0_)\n\nEssentially, a neural network uses a bunch of multiplication and addition to approximate some function that it is trying to \"learn.\" In this case it is minimizing the error between what a video with a regular face looks like, and what the video it generates with a new face looks like.",
"You have to understand what a neural network is. A neural network is basically a bunch of math that takes some input and spits out some output. How it does that is controlled by a huge number of \"dials\" that relate the input to its output, through a series of steps in between. It's a lot of multiplication and addition, basically. The structure of the neural network (the connections) are preset in some regular pattern (a huge mesh basically), but the strength of each connection is variable. The idea is that no human can figure out how to \"set up\" all those knobs manually, so instead you give a training program a bunch of examples of what the outputs and inputs should look like, and it automatically tweaks all the knobs to try to make the network get closer and closer to the desired outputs. This is all inspired by how brains work with many neurons connected together with different strength connections that change to \"learn\", hence why we call them neural networks. Because they're just a massive pile of numbers, nobody \"understands\" how they work, but we can have computers train them to do useful things.\n\nNow deepfakes.\n\nFirst you take some regular old boring face detection technology (the kind that's in your camera/phone) and use it on a bunch of videos of the original person (A) and the person you want to replace their face with (B). This gives you the positions of the faces. You then use normal image processing stuff to pull out just the faces. At this point it's a good idea to have a human check the frames and throw away the ones that the algorithm detected wrong.\n\nThen you feed that into an autoencoder. An autoencoder is a type of neural network that turns an image into a smaller output, basically a small set of numbers (something like 1000 or so), then turns that *back* into an image. You train the network so that it can reproduce the original face (so input = output). The idea is that the simpler set of numbers in between eventually captures the \"variation\" of the face - the parts that change, like expression, eye movement, lighting, angle, etc - and the neural networks on either side learn how to interpret Person A's face into that set of parameters (an \"encoder\"), and then turn them back into Person A's face (a \"decoder\"). So you feed the encoder an image of Person A's face that is smiling and looking to the left, and you get out some set of 1000 numbers that in some way or another represent \"smiling, looking to the left\", which you can turn back into (something close to) the original face with the decoder.\n\nNow you do the same thing with Person B and a separate network. This isn't directly useful as is, because if you use a totally separate network, both networks are going to come up with different ways of \"representing\" an expression in that small set of numbers, so you can't turn one face into the other, you'd just get garbage. Like, the \"language\" that one network uses to say \"smiling and to the left\" might mean \"angry and looking up\" to the other network.\n\nTo fix that, the trick is that you train both networks at once, and you actually use the *same* network for the encoder side.\n\nSo you simultaneously train for:\n- An encoder (E) that can turn Person A's face into some set of parameters\n- A decoder (D1) that can turn those parameters back into Person A's face\n- The SAME encoder (E) that can turn Person B's face into some set of parameters\n- A decoder (D2) that can turn those parameters back into Person B's face\n\nAnd that's the magic. Now you have a neural network that can \"read\" a face of *either* person, and two neural networks that can \"create\" each of the two faces based on those read parameters.\n\nWhen person A smiles and looks to the left, the encoder spits out parameters that represent that, and then the decoder for person B can turn those into an image of person B smiling and looking to the left.\n\nSo once you're done with the training, you just run a video through face detection, then the encoder, and then the result through the decoder for the *other* person, and insert the faces back into the original video.\n\nNow you have a deepfake.\n\n[Here's](_URL_2_) a nice Ars Technica article that goes into more details with diagrams, and [here](_URL_0_) is an excellent video intro to neural networks from CGP Grey. This [footnote](_URL_1_) is closer to the way the deepfake neural networks work.\n\nEdit: a word",
"There’s no real way to explain this, because the program was trained to be able to do this. It’s like asking, how did they make this great athlete? Like did you want his training schedule?\n\nFor Deep fake the most I can say is it’s a three part system. There’s one AI that can tell the fundamental expression from videos, there’s a second AI that can morph a photo of somebody’s face to any specified expression, and there’s a third AI that can photoshop a face onto an existing photo with natural blending.",
"Basically it uses a few data points to infer the rest. \n\nLike if you had to guess the next numbers in this series. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15... you use the data and you have to guess the rest. \n\nDeepfakes takes actual footage of those people and notes their facial expression, lip movements, voice, etc and then it basically fills in the gaps of whatever you want it to say or do. \n\nFor speech, it's all sound waves and transitions. So you get a sample of their voice and you can basically fill in the gaps. Same thing for facial expressions and lip movements. It's not always perfect but with feedback it can fine tune itself."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aircAruvnKk"
],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9OHn5ZF4Uo",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvWpdrfoEv0",
"https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/12/how-i-created-a-deepfake-of-mark-zuckerberg-and-star-treks-data/"
],
[],
[]
] |
||
8hunry
|
how the hell does a data breach the size of the equifax breach even occur? how does it get so big without someone in their security noticing or stopping it before it reaches that point?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8hunry/eli5_how_the_hell_does_a_data_breach_the_size_of/
|
{
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9
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"text": [
"Due to sloppy procedures the buggy software (with the security hole) was not fixed for *months.* That was a long time for bad people to download a lot of data. It wasn't a huge amount of data per day, in addition to their normal traffic.",
"If you knew a way to sneak into the cinema for free, you tell your friends. They tell their friends and at some point someone gets caught. They then replay the security footage and realise how often it was happening"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
35hunr
|
how is it that redditors can effectively shut down websites (hug o'death) but we don't crash reddit?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/35hunr/eli5_how_is_it_that_redditors_can_effectively/
|
{
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"text": [
"For the size that Reddit is, it has much less servers than websites with the same amount of traffic, Reddit is mostly text-based, so that helps. But for these smaller sites, they usually have less than 100 people on them at any given time, so when over 1,000 redditors visit the site, the servers can't handle that volume of traffic.",
"Reddit is hosted on AWS, which is many massive server farms. One of the advantages of providers like AWS is that when high traffic hits, you can have your system automatically spin up additional servers to handle the load, and then to shut them back down once the demand goes down.",
"Yes, reddit has multiple servers and, by definition, they are capable of handling reddit-sized server loads.\n\nEven then, they are sometimes at capacity.",
"Basically Reddit expects the traffic it gets, so has the servers to handle it.\n\nSmaller sites that are linked usually have much less traffic, but suddenly get a rush which overloads the servers causing them to go down. ",
"Ironically, when I clicked your post, I got the \"reddit servers are busy\" page...\n\nBut ya, the reddit hug of death is similar to a DDOS attack, because it overloads the servers and brings them down, although of course we aren't trying to attck them. ",
"[My attempts to load this thread](_URL_0_) make me want to dispute your premise. Reddit does quite well, as described in the other comments, but it isn't uncommon for Redditors to temporarily bring Reddit to its knees.",
"we crash reddit all the time. ever wonder why reddit doesn't work on sunday night during football season its the 10+ 10000 post threads they have in r/nfl/",
"More importantly than just having \"lots and lots of servers\", there is a whole layering structure, where a \"content distribution network\" (CDN - like Akamai) fronts the servers.\n\nCDNs are very good at serving up large amounts of static data (static links, videos, etc.). So the reddit servers can focus on the job of figuring out _what_ to show you (based on your subscriptions and the available content), and then the CDN does the job of serving up data for your clicks.\n\nCDNs are highly optimized for serving up lots of static data to lots of clients.",
"When I saw this I instantly thought of that Alaska senetor(?) famous for the \"Tubes\" video and how it is best to explain it with that. \n\n\nThe Internet is like tubes. Bigger tubes means bigger flow through it. Reddit is a huge tube and _URL_0_ is a small one (let's say a straw) and users are the liquid. \n\n\nEasier to move things in the big tube instead of the jam happening in the smaller one. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/Upo1Lcg.png"
],
[],
[],
[
"something.com"
]
] |
||
8bvsvh
|
why is it so easy for people to start working out regularly but it’s hard to stop eating certain foods or cutting back?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8bvsvh/eli5_why_is_it_so_easy_for_people_to_start/
|
{
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2
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"text": [
"Who do you know that can start working out regularly easily?? Cause I gotta jump on that wave....",
"Human being are designed to eat as much food as they possibly can, because in nature food is a whole lot rarer. We crave salt, fat, and sugar. This is a problem today because we have industrial farming and society. When he had to hunt down all out food ourselves it was a lot harder to eat enough to actually.make us fat. But now that all we have to do is take a trip to the grocery store and pick up a 4 lb bag of M & Ms, it's easy to be fat. We"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
9jtndv
|
how do printers print white when the cartidges only hold black, yellow, cyan & magenta ink?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9jtndv/eli5_how_do_printers_print_white_when_the/
|
{
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"text": [
"They don’t print white. They leave the white areas blank, which leaves the white paper exposed. If you printed the same design on colored paper, the white areas would show up as that color.",
"Generally speaking, they don't. Ordinary printer cartridges like the ones you're talking about only put colored ink on paper, intended to be white paper, although you certainly could put colored paper in if you wanted to for some reason. You would need a more specialized printer (or at least a cartridge with white ink) if for some reason you wanted to print something in white.",
"What do you mean \"print white\"?\n\nYou put in white paper, and it puts black and colors on to it. If you print something with a black background and white foreground, then you will blow through a ton of ink as you fill up the whole page with black.",
"what about printing pink or something? since it would be white + magenta technically. how does that work when theres no white ink"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
8ih6sr
|
why do people go to different doctors for dentistry, surgery, and primary care but pets go to one vet for everything?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8ih6sr/eli5_why_do_people_go_to_different_doctors_for/
|
{
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"text": [
"The extent to which a human will pay for/enroll in specialized services and micro-management of their physical condition created a large market of providers. In other words, because there is enough money and patronage in the broad field to allow doctors to focus on the education, experience and infrastructure required to be a top pro at a given field.\n\nThe extent to which a human will pay \"good money\" to resolve an animal's physical difficulty is much less. Yes, there are pet owners out there who will pony up money (and there are some vets who do specialize due to the growing number of people willing to spend a fortune on their pets). But for the most part, it's \"blood work and we'll get the lab results back to you\" and then it's either \"we have a cheap medicine that can make things okay for your pet\" or \"you might want to consider putting your pet down\" being the typical options. Not because vets are unwilling. But because the free market has tested this out for a very long time and the results are in: people will pay a limited amount for a cured animal, a very limited amount for treatment of an animal who can't be cured, and that's about the typical. Beyond that, it's Old Yeller, not to be cold about it. I have dropped easily 15 grand on pets at the vet, I'm a softy when it comes to that (and no, I can't afford it). I spend about 250 a month at this point on two elderly cats who would probably die within 60 to 90 days without their medicine, certainly less than a year. What would a human pay to keep their elderly parents alive? Everything they own. So with more money and customers comes a greater ability to sustain the infrastructure required to specialize.",
"Veterinarians have a joke: \"what do you call a vet that can only treat one kind of animal? A doctor!\" \n\nVeterinarians often do specialize, either in types of animals or types of care. [See this list of specializations](_URL_0_). \n\nFor humans, dentistry and the rest of medical care are separated due to how these two practises were separate in the past. They aren't fundamentally different things. Dentistry used to be something that barbers did, while surgery/medicine was an entirely different profession. As time went on, and the two fields modernized, they were still considered different things. When public health insurance in the US first came about, for whatever reason, it only included medical care. Dental care, even though it is technically also medical care, was not part of \"medical care.\" ",
"There are different vet specialists. Our dog has a regular vet and a dermatologist for his allergies."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.avma.org/public/YourVet/Pages/veterinary-specialists.aspx"
],
[]
] |
||
5yoi0a
|
why are there hundreds of different color of oil paint, couldn't all those color be created from a palette of just red, yellow, blue and white?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5yoi0a/eli5_why_are_there_hundreds_of_different_color_of/
|
{
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"text": [
"People are lazy. If I want burnt umber, I could either spend a lot of time combining colors to get it *exactly* right or I could spend a little money and buy burnt umber paint. Other people might not know how to make burn umber out of the primary colors. Furthermore, some people may not have time to do so. \n\nIt's the same reason why there are restaurants. People *could* just make food for themselves, but some people are lazy, or don't know how, or don't have time to make their own food. So they pay someone else to make it for them.",
"Yes, it's theoretically possible to make any color from just cyan magenta yellow and black paints on a white paper.\n\nThe issue is that it's REALLY REALLY REALLY REALLY hard for **a human** to do it. Computers are like \"oh that's 22% cyan 14% yellow\" but humans are like \"that's greenish with maybe a bit of a of a blue cast on bits.\" So it's much easier for a person to buy a tube of paint that's in the ballpark then mix in just one or two other things to get it right.\n\nWhere this is *especially* true is skin colors, which is why there's so many oil paints just for this category (raw umber, burnt sienna). It'd be nightmarishly hard for your average person to mix cmyk to get a skintone, but with a tube of burnt umber & white, you're ready to paint a portrait quick and easy!",
"First, remember how we 'see' color. Light of all colors hits a surface, and some of the light is absorbed, and some is reflected. We only see the *reflected* light. So something 'red' is taking away the green and blue light, but not the red light.\n\nTherefore, the pigments in oil paints do not 'add color', they actually only 'subtract' colors. So when you have a color, you can't *increase* it's intensity by adding colors, you can only decrease the intensity.\n\nFor example, take a [vermillion](_URL_0_) pigment, which has a red-orange color. The amount of intensity of that color cannot be duplicated by combining \"Cadmium lemon\" and \"Cadmium Red\". The resulting mixture may be the same *hue* as Vermillion, but won't be a bright, as *saturated*. And adding White to that mixture will result in a color that is more 'pastel'.\n\nTL:DR; If you have Coke and Sprite, you can make a drink that is 50% Coke, and 50% Sprite, but you can't make a drink that is 75% Coke and 75% Sprite."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermilion"
]
] |
||
zanos
|
how do blind people know where to feel for braille?
|
I noticed that a lot of signs, elevators, etc. have braille writing and I was just wondering how blind people find them in the first place?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/zanos/eli5_how_do_blind_people_know_where_to_feel_for/
|
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"text": [
"I used to install ATMs. The machine tells you where to look and what to press for each function. \n\nI assume it's the same way for other things: there is a standard for each device which a blind person will interact with. You just look in the same spot each time. ",
"Their guide dog helps them or they use sonar.",
"I always wondered about this. Why do grocery stores have braille on each restroom but none of their products have braille in front of them? How would a blind person shop for anything other than fruits/vegetables, would they bring someone to help them, if so wouldn't this person just tell them which restroom was which?",
"I used to work with the blind. Most blind people don't (no pun intended) blindly walk into new buildings. If they are going to go there regularly, they almost always are introduced to their environment by a sighted person who walks them around the environment explaining what things are and guiding their hand to feel important features. \n\nLet's say the blind person starts a new job in an office building. A helper will walk them to the front doors and explain how the door works; if it's a revolving door, a push door, a pull door, and how to make sure it's the correct door by using a walking stick to feel around and find a key feature that isn't going to change--the door they need to use has a railing on right side of the steps leading up to it. \n\nNext, as they go in the building, the helper explains what obstacles are there. A coffee vendor's cart is on the left, you can hear the espresso machine and smell the coffee smell. Up ahead is a huge, round planter with office plants in the center; you can feel the plants and use the stick to tap on the concrete base of the planter. You can use the walking stick to feel the planter and make sure to be on the right side of it. \n\nAfter you pass the planter you need to take a right to the elevators. You can tap with your walking stick to find the corner of the hallway with elevators if you get confused but you know it's the only hallway on the right so it's easy to find. You learn that it's about 10 steps to the right of the planter. \n\nYou can hear the whirring sound of the elevators moving up and down, and you can hear the ding when the doors open. The helper shows you where to find the up and down buttons. On this floor the buttons are in the center of the two elevators, but on your office floor the buttons are on the right side. You can find the center by tapping on the wall with your walking stick and and feeling where the first elevator is. The doors are set back from the wall, so you can easily feel for them. \n\nThe helper walks you through the rest of your commute and takes you through your office explaining where the tables are; letting you feel everything and pointing out the breeze coming from the vent on the wall. Your desk is just past that. \n\nYou need to use the bathroom so the helper shows you how to get to the bathroom from your desk. You don't want to use your walking stick inside the office because there isn't enough room, so you learn that the bathroom is past the vent where you can feel the breeze and then directly left after passing the secretaries desk; you can hear her on the phone, but also it's left of the soft cubicle wall and the carpet changes to tile on the floor. \n\nThere are two bathrooms next to each other; yours is on the right but if you get confused you can feel in the top center for the sign that has braille on it that tells you if it is the men's or women's. You can also smell the bathroom air freshener so it's very easy to find. The helper explains the layout of the bathroom to you. \n\nYou repeat the same process going home.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
5y5ojp
|
voice deepness
|
ELI5 Why is my voice at its deepest when I wake up and gets progressively higher as the day goes on?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5y5ojp/eli5_voice_deepness/
|
{
"a_id": [
"denkkfr"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I don't have an answer for you, but I'm curious as well. \n\nShort story: I just moved into a new apartment and had the internet connected at my house. The install tech came REALLY early and woke me up. \n\nWhen I opened the door half asleep and greeted them they were absolutely floored when they heard me talk because they thought I was H. Jon Benjamin (Archer and Bob from Bob's Burgers). I had to convince them I definitely wasn't him. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
4cbz2f
|
what is the diffrence between a regular and a light cigarette?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4cbz2f/eli5_what_is_the_diffrence_between_a_regular_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d1gs216",
"d1gtq05",
"d1gtr1p"
],
"score": [
10,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"A lot of it has to do with making the filter more porous so that the ratio of air to smoke is higher in \"light\" cigarettes. \n\"Light\" cigarettes are no longer sold in America. ",
"They use the same tobacco. Light cigarettes have more or larger holes in the paper, so more of the smoke - with the nicotine - goes out the side of the cigarette up by the cherry. It's not a huge effect, but it doesn't have to be.",
"i think \"light\" cigarettes are the same tobacco, however there are small holes in the paper just above the filter that allow more air to come through the filter and less smoke.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
e3ekav
|
are embryos lungs a vacuum inside the uterus? are they filled with water? how do they dry after birth?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e3ekav/eli5_are_embryos_lungs_a_vacuum_inside_the_uterus/
|
{
"a_id": [
"f92j3af",
"f92jhgl",
"f92jvp3"
],
"score": [
4,
33,
106
],
"text": [
"They are filled with mucus. The mucus drains shortly before birth and yes, some babies need help getting it all out at birth to take their first real breath.",
"The lungs are filled with amniotic fluid. This fluid remains until birth. When passing through the birth canal, the chest is squeezed and the baby is stimulated to take a breath. There's a whole watershed of events that occurs at this, but most of the fluid is absorbed during that first breath or two.",
"Embryos hiccup inside the womb because their lungs actually practice \"breathing\" before birth, using the amniotic fluid instead of air. (Fun fact, they also practice passing liquid through their digestive system using amniotic fluid, so they essentially breathe, swallow, pee, and poop the same substance for a couple months.) It's a developing process so sometimes the diaphragm gets thrown off, and ta-da - baby hiccups. Feels weird as heck for Mom.\n\nBonus fun fact: newborns aren't used to having to breathe on their own for oxygen, so sometimes they just don't for, like, ten seconds. Just as the anxious new parents start to freak out that their newborn isn't breathing, they'll suddenly remember and take a deep gasp of air. Thankfully they grow out of this."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2tbzjn
|
when the same commercial airs multiple times in a row, is it a mistake or intentional?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2tbzjn/eli5_when_the_same_commercial_airs_multiple_times/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cnxmfma"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Annoyingly enough, it's often intentional. If a local broadcaster can't sell enough advertising slots, they typically re-run the same commercial specifically to avoid the biggest bane of broadcasting: dead air.\n\nBroadcasting takes thousands of watts of power. Even at commercial rates, thousands of watts over time are not incredibly cheap. Not to mention, dead air also causes people who expect a constant barrage of passive stimulation to change the channel, thus depriving the broadcaster of a viewer for those commercials, which reduces the value proposition of selling commercial slots on the channel to other businesses."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
enpzcf
|
temperatures
|
I understand that atoms and molecules are either very excited or not, but how does this translate to the feeling of cold.
Is everything in the universe a set temperature, with the variation coming from the level of excitement of the molocules and atoms?
I'm having a tough time trying to visualize this.
Thanks.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/enpzcf/eli5_temperatures/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fe3o6lp",
"fe3x7yk"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Well \"feeling cold\" or feeling any physical sensation is a matter of your nerves sending signals to your brain. *Being cold* causes your nerves to send these signals. If you're just wondering how this lack of heat translates to feeling cold, it's no different from feeling pressure or feeling pain or most physical sensations, your nerves alert your brain to the state of your body, and in this case, your body's state involves being cold.\n\nWhat exactly do you mean when you say everything in the universe is a set temperature?\n\nEDIT: If you're asking how/why you *BECOME* cold, that gets into thermodynamics and heat transfer. The 5 year old version is that physics says heat always moves from warm bodies to cold bodies when possible through one of 3 different heat transfer processes: conduction, convection, and radiation (not the nuclear kind).",
"You seem to be interested in understanding how the kinetic energy of molecules (temperature) translates to us perceiving something as hot or cold. We have neurons with in our skin (and not just there), which have a number of molecular mechanisms for sensing temperature. I don't want to complicate things so I'll give you some general mechanisms:\n\nTemperature sensitive thermoreceptors. These are usually proteins that form a channel of a particular opening size and they are present on the membrane of these neurons. They would allow a certain ion or ion class to pass through when open. How open they are (conductance) or how long they remain open, or the probability of them opening can depend on temperature. As the temperature increases, kinetic energy of molecules, atoms and ions increases, and this affects either the conformation (shape) of the ion channel (changing its properties) or the kinetic energy of the lipids in the membrane (therefore changing the shape of the channel) or it can affect the catalytic speed of some other reaction in the cell that results in the production or destruction of a molecule that can bind the channel affecting its conformation.\n\nOnce these channels open or close, they affect the electrical potential across the membrane, therefore inducing or inhibiting the activity of voltage gated channels (these channels have charged domains inside them and they move slightly when the electric field changes causing a domino's effect that changes their shape towards open or closed). Once enough channels are doing their job, you change the voltage enough to initiate an electric wave in the neuron. Some neurons have graded potentials (like they release more or less neurotransmitter depending on how depolarized they are, thus activating the next neuron in the chain strongly or weakly, making it signal in high or low frequency). Of course there are also other mechanisms, like leak channels, which are kind of passively open. And when temperature changes, the current through them changes because the ions are moving slower or faster.\n\nSo that's how we sense temperature (I described some mechanisms but not all..)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
4gyo9k
|
why is it good for a company if its stocks are more expensive?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4gyo9k/eli5_why_is_it_good_for_a_company_if_its_stocks/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d2lw0m8",
"d2lw9bc"
],
"score": [
3,
5
],
"text": [
"They represent shares in the company and thus its value. If a company has 100 shares that are each worth $1000 the company is worth $100k. If the share price doubles, the company's value doubles too.\n\nOf course this is simplificated explanation as the actual value of a company is determined in a more complicated way. But the share price is a good indicator of where the company is headed.",
"Do you mean stocks or shares? There is a [slight difference](_URL_0_).\nFirst of all, let's say you own a juice making business, right now you have 100% of the shares in your business, you own it all! Now, let's say you want to buy a new model of juicer, but don't have the cash right now, what can you do? \n\n\nWell, first let's value your company. You're doing quite well so you could split your business into 100 £1 shares. Let's say then, you can sell say 10% of your business to an investor, you can sell them 10 shares. What this means is you get the £10 needed for your new juicer right away, your investor gets to take a part ownership in an up-and coming business.\n\n\nNow that was the IPO (initial public offering), the first time investors could buy a share in your business. At this point you are dealing in the first sale (the primary market) so it is important to you as a company that your stocks are valuable as you get more cash per % you give the investor! \n\n\nLet's say you sell up to 60% of your business, you own now 40% and your shareholder(s) (could be one or many) now own 60%. Thing is, the stock market is now trading your shares, it is a secondary market as you are not directly involved in the trades. Why then does it matter what the value is? \n\n\n* Well first of all, you still own 40 shares! If your company does well and your share value increases, you can sell them on and make even more money.\n\n\n* Secondly, the people who own 60% own 60% of *your* business. They get a say in the 'management of the management' of the company, in other words: if your share price isn't increasing how they want it to, they might have to think seriously about whether you should be running the company.\n\n\n* Much of your business might rely on trading securities or borrowing money (financial trading), the brokers or bank managers who control how much you pay in this way, they will look at your stock price. If your stock price is high and you can get a lower interest rate on a loan for that new super-juicer, that's a good thing.\n\n\n* Another point is, what happens if a rival lemon juicer turns up? Well, if you own 100% of your business he would have to satisfy only *you* to take over your business. Now, if you've sold 60% to 60 people, that rival company can effectively takeover your business by buying out those people. And if your stock price is low, that is easier!\n\n\n* And finally, stock price is a barometer for the business and therefore your ego. A high stock price usually indicates a successful business and all that entails!\n\n\nHope that isn't too simple, ELI5 I guess!"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/140.asp"
]
] |
||
jpc1f
|
what's the deal with aspergers
|
From what I think I understand people with aspergers have a hard time picking up certain social cues. But I've heard that people with aspergers can be very intelligent so why can't they just learn what social cues they are supposed to look for? I don't get it
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jpc1f/eli5_whats_the_deal_with_aspergers/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c2e0flz",
"c2e4n4o",
"c2e0flz",
"c2e4n4o"
],
"score": [
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3,
35,
3
],
"text": [
"I'll give you an example from speech. Say the letters p, b, and d. They are incredibly similar in sound but those with excellent hearing can easily distinguish their subtle differences. If you look at spectrographs of the sound, the differences amount to milli-seconds. Yet our brain picks up on these things. When you learn a language with new sounds it takes time for your brain to hear the differences in vowels or pronounciation. It simply didn't have the practice before.\n\nSo the analogy to aspergers social skills would be missing these subtle social cues. About 90% of your communication is either non-verbal or outside the context of the words. You can say the same words but change the tone slightly and now it's sarcastic. Sarcasm is an odd thing for children to learn, and is understood through practicing speech and hearing it's use. It can be very contextual. Again, learning a new language you might not pick up small differences that native speakers instantly recognize. So everyone is laughing and you don't know what's going on. \n\nIt's not that they aren't intelligent overall, it's just that their ability to process complex social cues is weaker than the average person. In their own element they can be capable of many great things. There is a general tendency for them to focus in on specific details, which blinds them to these miniscule social cues. At times they can be very literal in their communication, and may focus less on the abstract meanings of words or phrases.\n\nThis is a very, very general overview because aspergers can manifest itself in many ways. It's not completely understood what causes these differences. In psychology we have to create labels in an attempt to assemble various behaviors into groups. The lines are incredibly blurry and the labeling is the best attempt at defining similarities in order to understand the root causes of the subject matter. Aspergers can be an exceptionally blurry area with a wide range of manifestations.",
"I knew some apserger kids growing up - they were certainly different. \n\nWhile skimming over the Wiki article, it sounds like there's a difference with the structure of the brain. You can't 'learn' how to do something that your brain can't do in much the same way you can't program a webcam into your webcamless monitor.\n\nLY5:\n\nThe brain is made up of parts. Some parts allow you to Speak your language(s), some allow you to think, some allow you to use your body... and some allow you to catch social cues. Those with Aspergers lack the latter part, so they have trouble with it.\n\n\nBut I'm not a doctor, so don't cite me on this.",
"I'll give you an example from speech. Say the letters p, b, and d. They are incredibly similar in sound but those with excellent hearing can easily distinguish their subtle differences. If you look at spectrographs of the sound, the differences amount to milli-seconds. Yet our brain picks up on these things. When you learn a language with new sounds it takes time for your brain to hear the differences in vowels or pronounciation. It simply didn't have the practice before.\n\nSo the analogy to aspergers social skills would be missing these subtle social cues. About 90% of your communication is either non-verbal or outside the context of the words. You can say the same words but change the tone slightly and now it's sarcastic. Sarcasm is an odd thing for children to learn, and is understood through practicing speech and hearing it's use. It can be very contextual. Again, learning a new language you might not pick up small differences that native speakers instantly recognize. So everyone is laughing and you don't know what's going on. \n\nIt's not that they aren't intelligent overall, it's just that their ability to process complex social cues is weaker than the average person. In their own element they can be capable of many great things. There is a general tendency for them to focus in on specific details, which blinds them to these miniscule social cues. At times they can be very literal in their communication, and may focus less on the abstract meanings of words or phrases.\n\nThis is a very, very general overview because aspergers can manifest itself in many ways. It's not completely understood what causes these differences. In psychology we have to create labels in an attempt to assemble various behaviors into groups. The lines are incredibly blurry and the labeling is the best attempt at defining similarities in order to understand the root causes of the subject matter. Aspergers can be an exceptionally blurry area with a wide range of manifestations.",
"I knew some apserger kids growing up - they were certainly different. \n\nWhile skimming over the Wiki article, it sounds like there's a difference with the structure of the brain. You can't 'learn' how to do something that your brain can't do in much the same way you can't program a webcam into your webcamless monitor.\n\nLY5:\n\nThe brain is made up of parts. Some parts allow you to Speak your language(s), some allow you to think, some allow you to use your body... and some allow you to catch social cues. Those with Aspergers lack the latter part, so they have trouble with it.\n\n\nBut I'm not a doctor, so don't cite me on this."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
9bkwm0
|
why does espresso coffee taste terrible after 4 hours of sitting at room temp and warming it up to drink?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9bkwm0/eli5_why_does_espresso_coffee_taste_terrible/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e53pp6s",
"e53u6wd",
"e53uc3q"
],
"score": [
12,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"When you brew a cup of coffee, the hot water releases a lot of the oils and chemicals within the bean. A lot of those chemicals start to break down as they cool, or just over time. As a result, they will change in flavor and aroma. Hydrocarbons are typically associated to the smell of a fresh cup, and those can break down fairly quickly as the coffee starts to cool. ",
"The oils and flavor compounds in the coffee begin to become rancid and oxidize. The same process that makes a bottle of red wine improve as it 'breathes' or the same process that turns iron into rust. ",
"I don't know why, but in my experience allowing espresso to cool slowly makes it taste awful. If you make too much fresh, pour the leftover over ice immediately and put it in the fridge. It will taste much better later as an iced coffee."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2a39og
|
why is 0-60 mph time for a car so popular?
|
Why not 50? Why not 73? What's so standard about 60?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2a39og/eli5_why_is_060_mph_time_for_a_car_so_popular/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cir2hov",
"cir2jgl"
],
"score": [
9,
6
],
"text": [
"60 mph = closest large mark on the speedometer to 100 kph.\n\n(60mph = 96.56 kph)\n\nEDIT: speedometer and speed",
"It's 0-100km/h.\n\n100km/h is a nice round number and also what highways tend to drive at and the majority of cars can drive at safely(excluding maybe chevy)\n\nIt's also a high enough speed that there's a good amount of deviation but not too much deviation that it doesn't make much sense."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
cpczj7
|
how are companies able to copy manufacture nintendo and sega’s previous console without getting into trouble doing so?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cpczj7/eli5_how_are_companies_able_to_copy_manufacture/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ewokqen",
"ewoo6ry",
"ewphpb5"
],
"score": [
7,
4,
3
],
"text": [
"Any patents they had on those consoles have expired. \n\nThose old consoles are simple enough that it's possible to make your own compatible console without having to infringe any copyright. They didn't have an OS, so unlike a modern console you can make a clone of the console without having to rip the OS from the original.\n\nGames for those consoles are not encrypted, so there's no need to get around any laws against breaking encryption.\n\nSo there's nothing to legally stop companies from making their own consoles which can play their games from the original carts.",
"Early consoles had no operating system - they were just a pile of hardware, most of which was off the shelf parts. The patents on hardware have expired so it's perfectly legal to clone the hardware now. The hardware was simple enough that it would be trivial to replicate it with a single FPGA chip (which probably costs $10 or less in bulk).\n\nAny software they had would still be under copyright but that's not an issue since there's no OS that is needed to make these older systems run. Anyone selling machines with a pile of ROMs installed is breaking the law.",
"You are asking the wrong question. I got a far more interesting one.\n\nBack in the Sega Genesis days, games made by Electronic Arts where shipped on cartridges that looked nothing at all like all the other cartridges for the Genesis. Why?\n\nHere is a good write up:\n\n_URL_0_\n\nShort of it:\n\nEA games published PC games back then. Nintendo ruled the roost. Not only did Nintendo outsell PC by a huge margin - Nintendo had licensing that just sucked. EA didn't want to dive in with Nintendo.\n\nSega was in the wings with a 16 bit system. EA went to \nSega and said, 'Hey how about a partnership?' Sega replied, 'How about you license from us like Nintendo?'. They negotiated for a year, it ended in Sega telling EA to go fuck themselves and suggesting that if they wanted to publish they would have to reverse engineer....\n\nSega took them up on it. \n\nThey 'clean room' reveresed engineered.\n\nYou have 2 teams of engineers and a lawyer.\n\nTeam one is 'dirty'. They take a Sega Genesis apart and do all the testing they want in any way they want. They then attempt to write up cryptic instructions for a 'clean' team that has no proprietary information.\n\nThat information goes to a lawyer. The lawyer either passes it forward or sends it back.\n\nThe 'Clean team' has no contact whatsoever with the dirty team. None. They have to put the Genesis back together using the instructions passed on from the Lawyer.\n\nIt worked.\n\nOf course, EA couldn't ship the same cartridges as Sega. It held up in court too.\n\nRead the article. A fascinating piece of Video Game history."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://bluetoad.com/display_article.php?id=773681"
]
] |
||
3x7q31
|
how does a cassette tape with a 3.5mm cord play music through my car stereo?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3x7q31/eli5_how_does_a_cassette_tape_with_a_35mm_cord/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cy27s5q",
"cy27u8o"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Tape decks read magnetic fluctuations on the tape using a read head and convert that into sound. Your 3.5mm - > tape converter just does the opposite (converts sound into magnetic flux) that the read head picks up.\n\n",
"Regular cassette decks read changes in an electromagnetic field created by the magnetic tape scrolling by.\n\nYour adapter doesn't need a scrolling magnetic tape to create a change in the EM field - it uses the electric signal from your ipod/phone."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
4kma7p
|
the difference between reddit and tumblr
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4kma7p/eli5_the_difference_between_reddit_and_tumblr/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d3g1f2c",
"d3g1fs5"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"On reddit, you follow certain topics/communities, while on tumblr you follow people who post/reblog posts about topics. Therefore, the content on your tumblr dash may change, as well as having lots of things you don't care about, as the people you follow are individuals whose opinions change. Plus, on reddit you can see only the content, without people's opinions on it, which you really can't on tumblr. ",
" True 5 year old version:\n\n\n\nTumblr is elementary school level of discussion.\n\nReddit is middle school - sometimes high school - rarely university level - of discussion.\n\n\n---------\n\n\nTo be more specific...\n\nReddit is a message board that primarily focuses on discussion and sharing of info, news and pictures.\n\n\n\nTumblr is primarily a picture blog platform. There's occasional discussion but it's not as open because not everyone sees your posts unless you have a ton of followers and it gets reblogged a bunch of times. Basically, your discussion and opinions on various things are limited to how popular you are. \n\n\n\nOn reddit, everyone who wants to discuss a subject will see your comment in the thread."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
8d76bp
|
why are we able to put on weight a lot faster than we lose it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8d76bp/eli5_why_are_we_able_to_put_on_weight_a_lot/
|
{
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"dxks1lr",
"dxks79m",
"dxl179e",
"dxl2dhl"
],
"score": [
3,
15,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Basically it comes down to how easy it is to consume calories versus burn them. You consume more than you burn and you gain weight. Also food is really good! Exercise is no where near as enjoyable for most people. ",
"Your body was designed to survive. Over the course of time, humans have adapted to periods of low food availability to avoid starvation. There's really not a biological advantage associated with low body weight.\n\nHaving said that, CICO (calories in, calories out) works pretty well as a way to measure energy intake, so technically, it's going to take the same amount of \"effort\" (for lack of a better word) to gain weight as it does to lose weight. It's just that it's a lot easier to eat 3,500 calories over your BMR and gain one pound than it is to not eat and be active enough to be 3,500 under your BMR to lose a pound.\n\nAlso, there are people who say CICO doesn't work. Those people are what's known as \"wrong.\"",
"Biologically, your body wants to store and retain energy in case you need it later. In most of the world, and most of human history, food supply was unpredictable. Remember that poverty and periodic famine are considered normal for most of humanity's existence.\n\nFor hundreds of thousands of years, you had to expend lots of calories in order to acquire more calories. (Basically, to earn 2000 calories of food you had to expend almost 2000 calories of work.) People normally did not have big surpluses of calories, and they had to perform physical activity constantly. And no matter how hard you worked, some kind of famine or other misfortune might ruin things. Famine played a big role in keeping the human population in check, and through a process of natural selection we selected for people who were more resistant to famine. (ie, people with more fat storage.) People who stored less fat, or burned fat faster, tended to die.\n\nThen things changed, and two events combined for catastrophic results. First, humans got better and better at producing labor-saving technology. It became much easier to acquire calories with little or no physical labor. It used to be that only the very wealthiest people could acquire calories without doing any actual physical work. Now we're at the point where many - even MOST - jobs do not require much physical labor at all. \n\nAt the same time, we started making foods with more fat, sugar, and other unhealthy stuff. Sugar used to be a rare thing that only rich people could afford. Now they sell giant bags of it at the store. We started making low-quality assembly-line food that could be prepared quickly and sold at low prices. So not only did finding food require less labor, but the food we liked best was the least healthy. \n\nSo even aside from the biological problem of metabolism and fat retention, there is the social problem of people eating lots of dense, unhealthy food while simultaneously performing less exercise. ",
"The amount of weight you lose (or gain) is a factor of how many calories you eat versus how much you burn.\n\nIf you eat 1900 in a day and burn 2000 calories you will lose weight very slowly.\n\nIf you eat 4000 calories in a day you can burn 2000 you'll gain weight fast.\n\nYour body really really doesn't want to burn more calories then you consume. Because if you do that for very long you will starve and die. If you try to lose weight, your body will tell you its hungry. and it'll it try to slow down and burn fewer calories. Your body wants to save calories so it has them stored for rainy day. This is why losing weight is hard.\n\nIf you try to eat zero calories and burn 4000, your body is going to think there is an emergency. If you to the opposite, its going to think life is going very great. Look at all this food i can have with very little work."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
5u76rp
|
if a person claims responsibility for a crime, but provides no evidence and none can be found against them, can they still be convicted?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5u76rp/eli5_if_a_person_claims_responsibility_for_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ddrty1j",
"ddrv9dq"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"A confession is very telling. \n\nPolice know that some people will confess to crimes they do not commit. But police love convictions.\n\n\nThere must be some element of truth. The confessor must have been able to do it unless this is a totalitarian country conducting a show trial.\n\n\nInnocent people have been convicted of crimes even without confessions.",
"Most states follow the corpus delecti rule, which is a rule that a person cannot be convicted based on a confession alone. There must be other evidence corroborating the crime. While in theory this is protection against conviction based solely on a confession, in reality it is not difficult to verify some other aspects of a crime that someone has confessed to. It is thus a pretty rare and limited defense, but it is possible. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
23t4t7
|
why does doubling the frequency (going up 1 octave) of a note sound the "same"?
|
Is this just purely our brains doing crazy unconscious processing of the sound, or is there some physics behind the way frequencies work? I feel like just about anybody can tell if two notes played side by side are the same but different octaves, how?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23t4t7/eli5why_does_doubling_the_frequency_going_up_1/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ch0fe7z"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"2 things, basically. the way our ears work, and the way resonant vibration works.\n\n**part 1, how does the ear work?**\n\nSomething vibrates the air. This is sound. The vibration travels, in waves, to your ear. The outer ear channels the vibrations inside, to the ear membrane, which transmits these vibrations to the inner ear.\n\nHere's where it gets interesting. The inner ear is filled with fluid, and a bunch of tiny hairs. Some hairs are longer, and some hairs are shorter. When the fluid inside the ear vibrates, *some* hairs will also vibrate, but not all of them.\n\nLong hairs will vibrate if they're exposed to low frequencies, and shorter hairs will vibrate when exposed to high frequencies. When they vibrate, they send signals to your brain. Your brain looks at which hairs are vibrating, and how intensely they're vibrating, and interprets these signals into a sound.\n\nBut, why do hairs vibrate in response to some frequencies, but not others? Why does this vibration depend on their length?\n\n**part 2, resonant vibration**\n\nImagine pushing a child on a swing. If you constantly stood right behind the swing and pushed it, the swing wouldn't swing very much. On the other hand, if you only push the swing once every 10 minutes, it wouldn't go very high either. There's a middle ground - if you push the swing right as it comes to the end of it's arc, it gets higher and higher. This is because you're pushing the swing at its resonant frequency.\n\nA sound vibrating hairs inside an ear does the same thing. for some hairs, it will be pushing too fast, for others, too slow. But, for some hairs, it will push *just right*, and that hair will vibrate a lot, like a swing being pushed at just the right rate.\n\n\n**so, what about octaves?**\nImagine our swing again, but instead of pushing it every cycle, you pushed it every other cycle (you push at half the frequency). the swing would still go pretty high, right? In the same way, a frequency that triggers a certain hair will also trigger the hairs that are half as long (meant for the frequency an octave up).\n\nSo, a frequency that's double another frequency literally vibrates almost the same set of hairs inside your ear!\n\n\nIf my explanation's not very good, vihart has a pretty good video on the subject as well: [_URL_0_]"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_0DXxNeaQ0"
]
] |
|
2qx0q7
|
do people perceive themselves as more or less attractive than the way the general public perceives them? and why?
|
I know there is support for both but I'd like to know if there is a common answer or does it vary from person to person.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qx0q7/eli5_do_people_perceive_themselves_as_more_or/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cnaamio",
"cnaarca",
"cnace7t"
],
"score": [
6,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Id say it all depends how you feel on a day. Some days I look in the mirror and thank god for me. Other days I think \"holy shit, you need surgery\". Depends on how confident you feel. With other people, it depends on what they like. There's bbw porn because some people like it for example.",
"You know it varies from person to person...\n\n\nBut the way you perceive yourself is like a ping-pong match. You have the way people stare at you /interact with you and how you perceive such stares/interaction. In reaction your perception of yourself will be modified. Then there's how you perceive yourself at a given time, independently of others, which will modify how you perceive the way other people look at you.\nAnd again.\n\nThat being said, confidence has a lot to do with how you perceive yourself. Confidence allows you to go past other people's simplistic judgments based on appearance or striking features (pattern of speech, accent,...). \n\nFor example, I have a slight accent when I speak english which makes me a little to very much uncomfortable depending on how the people listening to me react (\"say again?\" \"lol le french guy\"). Then again, if I feel confident enough, I will straight ignore such childish reaction and focus on my speech (not necessarily my accent), and the topic. But maybe my confidence will be undermined by said reactions.\nExample is trivial, but I hope you get the point. \n\nTD;LR There's you initial state of confidence which can be/will be altered by your fellow human you are interacting with, and in response of how you perceive such reactions, the way you perceive yourself will be modified again.\n\n",
"It varies person to person, day to day, honestly how do you go through life not noticing you feel good one day and shitty another? have you seen a mirror and though, i need to shower and clean up, thats a day when you feel less attractive. my god its like people don't think in their daily lives"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
ff28ut
|
what can united nations and other world organizations similar to it do if their member states dont listen to them? can they punish them in any sort of way?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ff28ut/eli5_what_can_united_nations_and_other_world/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fjuocbi"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
" > The Security Council can take action to maintain or restore international peace and security under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. [Security Council sanctions](_URL_0_) have taken a number of different forms, in pursuit of a variety of goals. The measures have ranged from comprehensive economic and trade sanctions to more targeted measures such as arms embargoes, travel bans, and financial or commodity restrictions. The Security Council has applied sanctions to support peaceful transitions, deter non-constitutional changes, constrain terrorism, protect human rights and promote non-proliferation."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/information"
]
] |
||
4rwmln
|
what happened to the greek financial crisis? it went away when the migrant crisis started?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4rwmln/eli5_what_happened_to_the_greek_financial_crisis/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d54q040",
"d54qn1f"
],
"score": [
9,
7
],
"text": [
"The Greeks basically caved. \n\nInstead trying to solve their problems with happy thoughts and unicorn farts, they making the hard choices the EU has demanded of them. \n\nThey still aren't out of the woods, but with the support of the EU they are better off.",
"The situation is still going on, and it's still just as much of a big deal as it ever was, but the media in general only has so much time to allocate to \"world news\", which is to say any and all \"foreign\" stories, so once some new stories showed up that would generate more interest than the same stories about the Greek debt (which as you may have noticed has been going on for some time with no particularly major developments), the Greek situation rapidly ceased to dominate the \"world news\" segments.\n\nNow leaving aside what this observation reveals the media's business model, I should like to point out that the narrative you've described of catastrophic scenarios involving highly evocative but figurative language like \"debt mountain\" and \"bankrupt norther Europe\" were always at least a little bit overblown, and only became more overblown once it became obvious that none of the parties involved was willing to allow anything catastrophic to happen, which was several years ago. The media, in other words, has been making a bit more noise about the \"Greek crisis\" than was quite warranted for some time, and that it eventually stopped making quite so much noise has much less to do with the situation itself than with the motivations for doing so."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
2hcykp
|
given all of today's cries of police brutality and heavy handed law-enforcement, why is police reform in the u.s. so slow, infrequent, or outright non-existent?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hcykp/eli5_given_all_of_todays_cries_of_police/
|
{
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"ckri5ny",
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"ckriztc",
"ckrnaf3"
],
"score": [
6,
3,
3,
2,
4,
3,
2
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"text": [
"it's not necessarily a prevalent enough issue to warrant reform. the media just blows it out of proportion. since people just focus on the negatives and never on the positives. \n\nexample. \n\n1. black man killed by police. (national/international attention/riots/looting/public unrest)\n2. serial murderer caught by police. (probably just local attention/no recognition, not even a job well done by the public/aka no one gives a shit).",
"Police forces are not governed at the federal level, and only partially governed at the state level. Most of them are controlled at the local city level. ",
"It really isn't as big of an issue as you think, Reddit just has a hard-on for bad cops. For the two stories you see a week about brutality there's thousands doing their job. ",
"A lot of people on Reddit are often outraged about a certain issue and want immediate action. This is a symptom of youth. In reality, major reform of just about anything takes time and for good reason. Many hot-button issues are complicated and need to be debated and tested in the public sphere. The solutions often are not clear cut. \n",
"Because police brutality is actually pretty rare. It gets a lot of media attention, but keep in mind the scale here. If you have 2 police brutality news stories a month, (So not counting a drunk and disorderly getting punched while being arrested, just stuff that your read about) that is 24 major cases a year. In a country with almost a million (Google says about 800k in 2012) police officers that is far less than a 1% incidence. \n\nYes police brutality is still an issue, and we can clean up a lot of the minor incidents by having the officers wear cameras. But it is not a big issue. More and more municipalities are having officers wear cameras, but adoption takes time and money.",
"It's the media, they put forward these stories(rightfully so) of police brutality where they wouldn't before due to whatever reason. And people make HUGE stinks about the entire system over the actions of individuals or small groups. Over 100,000 police officers are in the United States. But you don't hear about 100,000 cases, you hear a few a year.",
"First ask yourself why the news is always reporting plane crashes. I mean when's the last time they reported a normal, safe landing where all of the passengers arrived at their destination alive?\n\nBecause it's not news..."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2chih3
|
why does my chest/heart hurt when i drink alcohol?
|
It used to hurt from time to time for a few minutes, usually when I'd first wake up in the morning or late at night. Then it would hurt for a couple minutes every other time I'd have a drink. But now it hurts every single time I drink for about 20 to 30 minutes. The pain gets worse and lasts longer each time. It's hard to breathe, and it feels like my chest/heart is tightening and being stabbed until it explodes. What's going on? Do I need to get it checked out?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2chih3/eli5_why_does_my_chestheart_hurt_when_i_drink/
|
{
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"cjfizk7",
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],
"score": [
13,
3,
9,
6,
6,
2,
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],
"text": [
"Yes, I would generally advise seeing a doctor for sharp chest pain that is severe enough to interfere with your life.",
"Possibly just heartburn caused from fizzy drinks\\beer? But I would definitely get checked out, if you have a health condition being drunk is not the most opportune time to discover it.",
"You might be having atrial fibrillation which is when the top chambers of your heart beat abnormally fast. Sometimes this causes no symptoms other than the sensation of a fast heartbeat, but if you're having pain, it might be that your top and bottom chambers are having trouble beating in sync. If you think of your heart as a pump, when part of the pump is going one speed and the other part is going slower, it becomes very inefficient. Also note that you cannot always detect atrial fibrillation by taking your pulse, so yes, please see a doctor.",
"I think you should stop drinking alcohol...",
"This is a question to ask your doctor, not the internet. ",
"Probably just heartburn but definitely get it checked by a doctor. If anything about your heart or chest worries you go to the doctor, you will not be wasting their time and could potentially be saving your life. As I said it's probably heartburn but there is a very real chance that it's something worse. Dont put it off. Don't have any alcohol in the meantime.",
"Alcohol bumps acidity in your stomach, and you get a bad heartburn, or maybe YOUR HEART HURTS WHY ARE YOU NOT AT EMERGENCY ROOM WTF."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
5kr0d8
|
why do people who live in the middle east wear so much clothes?
|
How do they not die of heat? Does it somehow cool them off?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5kr0d8/eli5_why_do_people_who_live_in_the_middle_east/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dbpx1vb",
"dbpx6c2",
"dbpxb71"
],
"score": [
4,
9,
2
],
"text": [
"Yeah, it does keep them cool actually. It shelters them from the heat of the sun. But in general, societies in extremely high temperatures tend to only congregate outside around sunset and later, not during the day.",
"The big robes that Arab nomads wear actually do have a cooling effect. The robes are thick enough that the heat from the sun doesn't penetrate through them. The air all around you is still hot, but at least the sun's rays aren't making things that much worse. \n\nThe robes also leave a small gap between the skin of the wearer and the inside of the robes. This allows air to flow inside through the robes and against the wearer's skin or undergarments, which helps cool the wearer off. The two effects combine to sort of make it like you're in the shade and there's a breeze (though it's not quite that effective).\n\nScientists in the 80s were curious about why they wore black robes instead of white robes since they thought white robes should be cooler due to them reflecting more energy from the sun's rays. Their experiments showed that there was hardly any difference between white and black robes for the wearer, though. The reason being that the sun wasn't penetrating through the robes, so it didn't really matter to the wearer whether the outside of the robe was a little cooler from reflecting more energy or not.",
"* in a hot, dry environment, it is more important to protect yourself from the sun and prevent dehydration\n* when air temperature is near body temperature, lack of insulation becomes less important"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
3hjyd6
|
what is a conservative, liberal, left wing, right wing
|
Pretty much political terms I see daily but don't know what they are.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3hjyd6/eli5_what_is_a_conservative_liberal_left_wing/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cu80nbc"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"'Liberal', 'Conservative', 'Left Wing', and 'Right Wing' vary in meaning and usage substantially between continents, nations, and states, and more significantly over time. What is liberal in a particular time and place may qualify as conservative in another.\n\n'Left Wing' and 'Right Wing' refer to oppose ends of your local area's political spectrum. In general, the 'right wing' is dedicated to those who support the status quo and the 'left wing' to more radical views, however this is not always the case - for example, in the United States right now, the status quo is largely considered 'left wing' and the movements for extreme reform are 'right wing'.\n\nSimilarly, 'liberal' is supposed to be concerned with individual rights, equality, and rapid change, and conservative is supposed to be based on culturalist views and preserving traditions, but this can have unexpected results. For example, 'neoliberalism' would support corporate rights and the rights of large property owners to resist regulation and taxation, which in some times and places would be viewed as conservative.\n\nIn reality, political philosophy is too intricate to be broken down into a strict liberal/conservative duality. Many different philosophies rise and fall from prominence and change positions on this imaginary spectrum over time - for example, Global Realism (the belief that nations operate according to complex relationships of power and that a state should use laws to maximize it's internal and external power) is historically associated with Richard Nixon (a 'right winger'), but is also held by Hillary Clinton (a 'left winger'), though there are a lot of individual policy differences between them.\n\nMy advice to you is simply to understand the left/right divide as momentary and ever-changing, representing any and all present political arguments in a nation, often in self-contradictory ways. Don't allow yourself to reject or embrace an idea simply because it was described as 'liberal' or 'conservative'. Consider every problem and form an opinion about what you think is best for that particular issue."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2sltr8
|
if a picture of muhammad is not allowed because it is seen as idol worship then how is something like the kaaba and the black stone with their dedicated ceremony not seen as something similar, and why are there many ancient depictions of muhammed in middle eastern art?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2sltr8/eli5if_a_picture_of_muhammad_is_not_allowed/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cnqovtj",
"cnr7mal"
],
"score": [
20,
2
],
"text": [
"Because the Kaaba and the Black Stone aren't being treated as something to worship.\n\nThe idea with pictures of Muhammad and Allah is that people would become confused and pray to the pictures/statue rather than praying to Muhammad or Allah. The same way that people get confused between praying to God and praying to a statue or picture of Jesus.\n\nThey don't bow down in the direction of the kaaba because they worship it, they bow in that direction because that's where God sent the Black Stone and essentially marked out \"This location is where I connect to the Earth\". It's essentially the difference between looking to a flag during a ceremony and realizing that you are doing so because that flag is the physical representation of the group, and not because you are revering the flag itself.\n\nAs for ancient depiction of Muhammad, there are still modern depictions of Muhammad. Sunni Muslims, who make up the majority of Islam, think that by and large you shouldn't have pictures for the aforementioned reasons. Shia/Shiite Muslims don't have such problems, it's actually quite common for there to be pictures and even small statuettes of Muhammad that are used to demonstrate who he was. The same way that some Christians will have a necklace with Jesus on it.\n\nNow this raises more questions, mainly \"If they aren't mad at Shia Muslims for depictions, then why do they get mad at westerners?\" and it's mainly because westerners are drawing him in order to mock him. They are disrespecting him, which is what irritates them.",
"Please also note that there are many Islamic sects that do consider the Kaaba to be an idol and have threatened to destroy it."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
27cokp
|
why are rigged elections always 'won' with crazy numbers that make it obvious the elections are fixed? wouldn't it make more sense to win with like 60%?
|
Is it because most rigged elections are so obviously fixed that high numbers don't mean anything?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/27cokp/eli5_why_are_rigged_elections_always_won_with/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chzivpp",
"chzizzg",
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],
"score": [
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"What do you mean by \"rigged elections\"? Are you talking about Florida 2000 or Vladimir Putin? In the cases of a lot of autocratic governments, the elections are \"rigged\" because the powers basically say \"vote for us, or else.\" So everybody votes for them (no anonymous ballot). Its not that they are falsifying the results, they are just manipulating the voters.",
"If you're a tyrannical despot, do you brook dissension? Or crush when it rears it head?",
"Actually, [the powers in Iran tried exactly what you suggested](_URL_1_) and they still got caught easily. It is very, very easy to catch most election fraud, except in rare cases (discussed in a moment). In other words, people know you're lying about the election results anyway, so you might as well tell a big lie just to prove you can get away with anything. \n\nThe rare case when you might get away with election fraud is if everyone thinks the election will be close, and it is close, but you tip it very slightly to let the other side win. That's why [this election controversy](_URL_0_) is harder to come to terms with than many others. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://columbusfreepress.com/article/diebold-indicted-its-spectre-still-haunts-ohio-elections",
"http://www.slate.com/articles/life/do_the_math/2009/06/guilt_by_calculation.html"
]
] |
|
p7inb
|
first world/thirld world countries
|
My question is on how the relationship between first world countries and third world countries work.
My understanding is that a large part of why first world countries are progressing technologically, and economically is because they offshore cheap manufacturing, agricultural, etc industry work into third world countries.
My question is that, does this relationship HAVE to exist on Earth, forever? As in, there will ALWAYS be third world countries.
Or could it be possible for an Earth such that all the countries have relatively good standards of living (compared to third world countries now), as well as some very strong/technologically progressed countries.
Hope my question isn't too confusing.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/p7inb/eli5_first_worldthirld_world_countries/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c3n5cmf",
"c3n5gei"
],
"score": [
3,
5
],
"text": [
"Offshoring is only a recent phenomenon, it's 20 years of age, give or take. The distinction between 1st world and 3rd world has been around longer.\n\nYour statement about the reasons of 1st world's progress is not correct. There are a myriad of historical, cultural and even geographical reasons about why they progress, offshoring is not one of them.",
"Kind of relevant:\nThe terms first world, third world and second world countries actually derived from the countries position during the cold war. First being anti-communist, second being pro-communist and third not having a stance.\nSince most poor countries did not have a stance, like most of Africa, then they were third world.\nIt ultimately has nothing to do with prosperity, but just so happened that all the poor countries were labeled as such."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2690wh
|
why do classic arcade machines have players look at the screen through a mirror rather than looking directly at the monitor?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2690wh/eli5_why_do_classic_arcade_machines_have_players/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chosxvt"
],
"score": [
15
],
"text": [
"Those monitors were HUGE. If they had put them facing you, the back of the machine would have poked out really far, so they put them in the bottom, reversed the image (so everything wouldn't be backwards), aimed them up and have you look at the reflection. Basically, they did it to save space."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3lr3yk
|
why do eyes get red and dry feeling after long gaming sessions?
|
Context: Destiny The Taken King wrecked my weekend plans day and night.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3lr3yk/eli5_why_do_eyes_get_red_and_dry_feeling_after/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cv8ly96"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"When you are focused on the game, you don't blink near as much as you normally would (I suppose its an evolutionary modification for focusing on danger).\n\n Try pausing from time to time and looking away from the computer. It really helps."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
9g30gn
|
why do teeth stain but our bones dont?
|
So I just randomly though about this, so after drinking coffee or coke similar drinks etc we can stain our teeth and it can be quite troublesome to get rid of. For our ENTIRE lives our bones are surrounded by blood, why after all that time so our bones not come out stained red?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9g30gn/eli5_why_do_teeth_stain_but_our_bones_dont/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e6122fb",
"e613ria"
],
"score": [
12,
3
],
"text": [
"Blood is contained within the tubes of the circulatory system where it gives and takes gases, nutrients, and wastes through the walls. Blood that flows out causes the discoloration from a bruise. Severe blood leaks cause internal bleeding.\n\nBecause you are not constaintly bruising the areas around your bones, they don't get stained red. This is also one way forensics can tell if wounds occured before death (blood still pumping) or are (blood not pumping so no bruising/staining).\n\nYou also do not see staining on meat bones because the blood is drained from the animal prior to cutting them up.",
"Your bones are stained pretty yellow and brown though, more so than your teeth. Only if you were to dissolve and clean the bones would you get something white."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
at9yqb
|
why do drink cans in room temperature conditions feel relatively cold?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/at9yqb/eli5_why_do_drink_cans_in_room_temperature/
|
{
"a_id": [
"egzo864"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"They conduct heat better than air, so they remove more heat from your hand than your hands surroundings, making it feel colder"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
187b1i
|
how easy is it to contract an std?
|
Is it on instant contact within seconds ? Saliva? Fluids?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/187b1i/eli5_how_easy_is_it_to_contract_an_std/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c8cbvyu",
"c8chj9z"
],
"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"It depends on the STD. They all have different stats and different transmission methods.",
"Hepatitis can be transferred by mixing saliva, this is why guards in prisons sometimes put cloth over prisoners heads if they spit. Aids can also be transmitted through saliva as well as blood. Most STDs/STIs can be transmitted through any bodily fluid (blood, semen, saliva etc). But 5 year old shouldn't be having sex anyway so no worries."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
1j5rne
|
how does game programming work?(explain like i'm a 5 month old programmer..)
|
So I have been learning coding in Java, and managed to build simple apps with simple Swing UIs and such.
But I don't understand how game programming work, how do you animate those characters to move from A to B? How would you animate your menus and such?
EDIT:What is a game engine?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1j5rne/eli5_how_does_game_programming_workexplain_like/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cbbdmez",
"cbc0cmc"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Every object e.g. image you put on the \"form\" has a location (X- and Y-coordinates). You can change the value of the coordinates to move something from A to B. And since you want this to be animated, you're going to need a timer which moves the image for example every 100msec 1px right, left, top or down after some event was triggered. This is really the basic understanding. ",
"I am a game developer and I would like to help you.\n\n & nbsp;\n\nYou learned to code in Java , so you already know the basic things like variables , methods and OOP. Game programming as a procedure isn't anything more. You are using the same language and the same way to write the code.\n\n & nbsp;\n\nThe difference between regular programs and games cannot be defined easily , because a game does not have to have graphics , animations or sounds. For example , you can use your basic skills to create a game that asks you to calculate math expressions.\n\n & nbsp;\n\nHowever , complex game projects that have features like 3D rendering , sounds , vector calculations , animations and GUI are indeed difficult to create using basic Java or any high end language from scratch. You need to use graphical APIs , fetch frames , create new types for coordinates etc. That's why big teams gather to create a framework that will manage all concepts of the game and provide easier environment for developing your game.\n\n & nbsp;\n\n\nThat framework could be expressed in many forms - like a game engine. One could be a compiled library , or a standalone program that will have GUI for map creation , in built compiler and resource manager.\n\n & nbsp;\n\n\nSince you are using Java , most likely you wouldn't want a standalone game engine like Unity3d or UDK , but a Java game library. I would suggest using [Lightweight Java Game Library](_URL_0_).\n\n & nbsp;\n\n\nAnyway , I'd like to talk about Unity too. Unity gives you the ability to create many different games because it's really flexible. It offers:\n\n* importing many 3d formats (from which you can import animation)\n\n* importing many sound formats\n\n* lots of programming features (networking,fetching passes,customizing transforms,math,OOP,GUI etc/)\n\n* in-built editor , you can use it to create game levels without programming \n\n* it allows you to extend the in built editor , so you can accelerate your development\n\n* Unity store - which allows you to download free or paid assets (files that contain models/scripts/textures\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.lwjgl.org/"
]
] |
|
8870ae
|
how do doorbells sounds so loud without a speaker?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8870ae/eli5_how_do_doorbells_sounds_so_loud_without_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dwidq2n"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
" > Where does the sound come from?\n\nA speaker.\n\nIf you look around your house, you'll find a small box high up on one of the walls that looks [like this](_URL_0_). It houses a small speaker that's triggered by the doorbell."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://thedomesticlady.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/spray-painted-door-bell-box.jpg"
]
] |
||
9rpzpi
|
what is the relation between negative pressure and speed?
|
From my understanding, a decrease in volume results in molecules bouncing off of one another more frequently. When these molecules are released into a space with a higher air pressure than it was in before, do those molecules have higher speed than the other molecules around it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9rpzpi/eli5_what_is_the_relation_between_negative/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e8ivhh1"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Decreasing the volume of a sealed container increases the pressure of the container, which is what causes the molecules to bounce off of one another more frequently. So the container that has the higher pressure has more bouncing, regardless of volume, and assuming you don't change the amount of molecules in the container or the temperature.\n\nIn your example, since the second area has a higher pressure, you will actually get more molecules moving into the first area. Once the molecules mix, the question of which ones have more speed becomes meaningless, since the bouncing means that any given molecule at any moment can have more or less than the average, and the average is going to even out when they mix."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1q2pyl
|
why does chlorine turn hair green?
|
I often see people with neon greenish tinted hair at the local swim club and I know that it's because of the chlorine in the pool. I want to know why it does this
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1q2pyl/why_does_chlorine_turn_hair_green/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cd8kwyq"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"It isn't the chlorine that turns blonde hair green. Oxidized metals in the water bind to the protein in the hair shaft and deposit their color. The metal that produces the green tint is copper, which is most commonly found in algicides, though it naturally occurs in some water. The bleach that is added to a pool may be responsible for oxidizing the metal, but it's not the cause of the color.\n\nSource: _URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://chemistry.about.com/od/howthingsworkfaqs/f/greenhair.htm"
]
] |
|
awjskf
|
why does rolling up clothes (especially t shirts) seem to save so much more space than folding them normally?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/awjskf/eli5_why_does_rolling_up_clothes_especially_t/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ehn0tm3",
"ehnzzht",
"eho5ekp"
],
"score": [
126,
4,
61
],
"text": [
"Every folded crease is like a spring because one side of the fold is compressed while the other side is stretched. For example, try folding a piece of cardboard so that both halves lie flat against each other. If you let go, it tends to spring back upwards.\n\nFolded clothes have the same effect. Each fold acts like a spring that props up the item so that it takes up more space when it is sitting still.\n\nWhen you roll clothes, you are not adding any sharp folds and the act of rolling compresses any of the existing folds. This is why it has less volume!",
"Hmmm I recently started rolling my children’s clothes and my own drawer clothes. It’s efficient and neat. I wondered if there were other clothes rollers out there. Here’s probably a r/rolling clothes ",
"When you roll your tshirt tightly it gets compressed and can stay compressed as long as it is rolled. Squeezing it into a suitcase next to other rolled shirts keeps them all rolled (and compressed) just by the friction of them against each other.\n\nWhen you fold a tshirt, it's just sitting there. It's neater, but doesn't really use less space than tossing it into the suitcase. When you pack this way, the shirts need to be compressed by pushing them down, such as when you sit on the suitcase to close it, but they lose a lot of that compression once you open it again."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
1lu516
|
why is private investigation legal?
|
When someone hires a PI and they sleuth around investigating your every move to find something and report back to the person that hired them, how the hell is this legal? To me that is straight up stalking. Why is a PI even a job, it's like being a professional stalker, which is illegal.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1lu516/eli5_why_is_private_investigation_legal/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cc2s8bs"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because public investigators were outlawed in the early 1940s "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
c05el8
|
why don’t car manufacturers make cars that seat 3 up front anymore?
|
I had a car long ago that seated 3 up front. Was very practical at times. Why don’t cars do this or even some with that option if ppl need?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c05el8/eli5_why_dont_car_manufacturers_make_cars_that/
|
{
"a_id": [
"er1f4j5",
"er1gwr8",
"er1h44w",
"er1lsdl"
],
"score": [
4,
6,
4,
3
],
"text": [
"It's a combination of factors: people are bigger, safety rules are stricter (ie 3 point seatbelts), cars are smaller, families are smaller, ...\n\nCar companies make more of what people buy.",
"Seating 3 means a bench seat. Bench seats feel cheaper (and they are) and they're less comfortable. People want bucket seats that adjust 10 different ways. And without a center console there's less room for cupholders and phone chargers.",
"“Bucket seats” used to be a selling point for particular models. People don’t want bench seats anymore. Car manufacturers aren’t in the business of making things people don’t want.",
"Trucks and utility vans often do have the option, but it's not as comfortable so most people don't want or need it. From a manufacturing standpoint it's not cost effective to offer that option for regular cars because it's a lot of effort and redesign for regular cars but so few people would want it."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
251yma
|
hacking
|
Can someone tell me the basis of computer system hacking? Like where the hell do these people start learning this stuff?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/251yma/eli5_hacking/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chcuhph",
"chcvwvb",
"chczb0h",
"chd1a0d",
"chd39p6",
"chd56dh",
"chd6f1b"
],
"score": [
33,
5,
2,
7,
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Hacking is using any piece of technology to obtain information and/or complete tasks for which it was not designed to do. Mainly by having a higher understanding, thinking outside the box or by chance occurrence.",
"The general idea is to exploit a bug in the target application to cause unintended behaviour. I'll give some examples of common exploits so you get the idea:\n\n\n* [Buffer overflow](_URL_2_)\n\nA buffer overflow occurs when an application writes more data to a buffer than was allocated to that buffer. This can be exploited to modify the data that was stored after the buffer. On the stack that includes the return address, so this can lead to arbitrary code execution. A related error is to read more data from the buffer than was allocated. This was the exploit found in OpenSSL recently.\n\n\n* [Code injection](_URL_3_)\n\nA code injection exploit occurs when user input is copied into an executable script without sanitation, and that script is then executed Injection of JavaScript is called XSS, and can occur when user input is displayed on a web page without sanitation. Injection of SQL can occur when string concatenation is used to build an SQL query without escaping special characters.\n\n* [File inclusion](_URL_1_)\n\nA file inclusion vulnerability occurs when a web application can be manipulated into fetching a file that it wasn't supposed to. A local file inclusion occurs when the file fetched is on the same server as the web page. This can reveal information that was not supposed to be public. A remote file inclusion occurs when the file that is fetched is on a different (usually attacker-controlled server), and can allow almost anything to be done to the web page.\n\n* [Cross site request forgery](_URL_0_)\n\nA web site authenticates logged in users by means of a cookie containing an identifier unique to that session. This cookie is sent when making any request to that site. A CSRF attack occurs when an attacker manipulates the client application into sending a request to the site that the user did not authorize. This can be done by sending an image to the user with the web page as the image location. For this reason, many email programs will not open images from remote locations.\n\n\nThese exploits are all very common, but they're only a small sample of the ways in which an application can be compromised.",
"Modifying anything outside of its normal intended use. For Example, you can hack an older machine to accept newer hardware or software or you can hack a garden hose to be repair kit for a bicycle tire inner tube\n\nGrammer",
"Hacking is when someone leaves their Facebook logged in and you post something funny and/or embarrassing for everyone to see. ",
"I think you're referring to 'cracking'. Hacking began with model train builders at MIT who would 'hack' their trains to make them go faster.\n\nI assume you're curious about penetrating systems. This is referred to as cracking.\n\nIf you are talking about hacking, go learn to program and hack together a hello world application. That is hacking and how you do it. :)\n\n_URL_0_",
"\"Hacking is the clever circumvention of imposed limits, whether imposed by your government, your IP server, your own personality, or the laws of physics.\"\n\n-- Jude Milhon",
"yubh810 is one of the only correct answers I've seen in here.\n\nBefore anyone gets all butt hurt about me saying their answer is wrong, read the post.\n\nSaying hacking is getting into a computers/exploiting stuff/etc is like saying a mechanic fixes engines. SOME mechanics do that, but there's all kinds of other mechanics out there. Some fix transmissions. Some work on suspensions. Some do body work. They don't even have to work on cars. There's airplane mechanics, tank mechanics, air conditioner mechanics, bike mechanics...you get the point. You're being too specific about a small part of what the word means. So what is a hacker?\n\nIn the simplest terms, in the most convenient definition, a hacker is just someone who knows a ton about something (usually computers, phones, or electronics in general) and is able to take that knowledge and make those things do stuff that they might not necessarily been designed or intended to do.\n\nI'm not sure if I need to delve into the origins of the word \"hacker\" or other stuff like the huge controversy behind mixing up hackers with crackers and how hacking doesn't have to mean doing something illegal. I'm going to skip over that as it seems out of scope.\n\nOP asked:\n > Can someone tell me the basis of computer system hacking? Like where the hell do these people start learning this stuff?\n\nFor computer hackers, it's all about knowing the system really well. How it works. The ins and the outs. If you're referring to how do people get into things they're not supposed to then we're talking about exploits, vulnerabilities., errors in the code, etc. All stuff that comes from knowledge of computers, software, operating systems, and experimenting. null_terminator gave a good list of some of that stuff in this post already.\n\nThere's a lot of stuff that is found out by accident, then expanded upon. \"This program isn't *supposed* to do this when put this value in, but it does. I wonder what else I can make it do.\" Kind of a lame example but an example nonetheless.\n\nYou wanted to know where people start? They learn. They read. They tinker. The experiment. It is **impossible** to become a hacker over night. You have to CONSTANTLY educate yourself on computers, programs, coding, keep up to date on stuff, etc. If you want to see the stuff that computer hackers talk about, go get a copy of 2600. That's a true hacker magazine and you can get it at most book stores like Barnes and Noble. A lot of it will be way over your head. But that's what hackers talk about. And you'll notice it's not \"How to hack bank accounts!\" and crap like that. It's neat tricks that have been found and sharing information. A lot of hackers will find exploits in systems and then tell the person/company about it so they can fix it. Sometimes the companies ignore the person. That's when it's fun to publish the results.\n\nAnd again, I can't stress this enough, not all hackers are bad. Most aren't. A great example of hackers getting a bad rap even though they're not really bad would be the movie Hackers. And before anyone has a heart attack, do NOT confuse that with me saying this movie represents hacking well. It most definitely doesn't. It actually represents what hacking is in a horrible manner. Entertaining movie? Hell yes. Technically accurate...not even close.\n\nAll that being said, I want to state that I'm by no means a true, bad ass hacker. I dabble. I'd put myself at a novice level at best. But that doesn't mean I don't understand the culture and have a huge amount of respect for it.\n\nOh, one last thing. You know those kids in middle school and high school that the jocks picked on and that didn't go to parties because they were at home working on computers, playing games, writing web pages, etc...those are where the majority of the hackers come from. Their love and appreciation of electronics."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_inclusion_vulnerability",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_overflow",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_injection"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.catb.org/esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html"
],
[],
[]
] |
|
4nkp5d
|
why does esd damage pc components even though electricity is constantly flowing through when its powered?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4nkp5d/eli5why_does_esd_damage_pc_components_even_though/
|
{
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"d44pq9a",
"d44vjxm",
"d454ni1",
"d454plv"
],
"score": [
8,
3,
12,
2
],
"text": [
"It's mostly to do with the fact that it's note regulated how much Potential Difference (Voltage) is being transferred during the static discharge. \nWhen a PC is running, the PSU will be controlling how much power which will be coming in as a fixed value using the UK as an example with 230V. \nIt has been reported before that static electricity gained from something as simple as walking on a rug can generate tens of thousands of Volts. Therefore, it makes sense that all of that power going through the circuits at that time will cause some damage. ",
"Even though power passes through the components in a computer its usually as low as possible and more importantly a very specific current. The electricity your body can store and build up however is not only more powerful then this by orders of magnitude but also very different from what the computer is supposed to receive which can cause any number of problems or damages.",
"It's like a highway. The roads (circuits) were designed to hold traffic that goes up and down the designated lanes. They've rated their roads (circuits) for the weight of most traffic that they can account for. ESD, since it falls outside the expectations and ratings of the \"roads\" designers, is more like a tank that crashes through the highway wall and makes a beeline across streets instead of using them correctly. \n\nESD is known to reach thousands of volts (although low amperage, _think of this as high speed but low weight_), which despite not having alot of _mass_ behind its speeds, physics still determine it'll give you a nice punch as it tries to cross a streetlight and ends up crushing through the gasoline station (_capacitor_) or hitting the light pole where the street lights are hanging from, creating grid lock (_voltage regulating diode_).\n\n",
"The field effect transistors have a VERY thin layer of insulating material in them. High voltage breaks through those thin layers and destroys them. Static electricity is very high voltage. In the dark you can see a flash of light when it discharges. (There is just not much charge so it discharges very quickly without harming you)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
plxsu
|
the crop circle phenomenon
|
How are they made?
How can they be made on such a large scale with such precision?
Who makes them?
Why is there extraterrestrial behaviour questioned?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/plxsu/eli5_the_crop_circle_phenomenon/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c3qexog"
],
"score": [
11
],
"text": [
"I think this can be explained to a 5yr old without resorting to simple talk: \n\n-They are made by people. (there is nothing mysterious abut them). \n-You'll probably notice that crop circles are all based on curves & circles...even the really complicated ones. Ever used a drawing compass to draw a circle? well they use the same principle, but instead of such a compass they use a stake in the ground attached to a long string /or rope which they use to mark out a perimeter of a circle, then just trample the crop within the line. Large ones are made by groups of people making bigger circles with bigger stake/rope things - and more practice. \n\nThe stake/rope thing also enables pretty good straight lines, too. (Measure the string accurately before hand and keep it tight...you'll get circle the same size every time) \n\nobligatory wikipedia page:\n_URL_0_\n\nFor really elaborate ones they might also use a mapping compass to get position of the circle/string spot on.\n\n-fuckwits make them. It's not big and - once you understand the simple principles involved - its not clever either. I suppose some farmers may have them made deliberately to get attention/money from other fuckwits who believe in space wizards (faceplam).\n\n-because the people who started making them tried to make them look like an alien craft had landed e.g. 3 circular footprints in the ground. This was a few decades ago and it all sorta snowballed. Like a viral marketing thing or a meme. Once the media found an interesting angle it got carried away. \n\nEDIT: strangely relevant: _URL_1_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass_and_straightedge_constructions",
"http://i.imgur.com/pHfVF.gif"
]
] |
|
1enbr7
|
how do turbine engines work?
|
I understand conventional motors.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1enbr7/eli5_how_do_turbine_engines_work/
|
{
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"ca1vxy8",
"ca1wqx3",
"ca205k9"
],
"score": [
7,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Unlike a conventional engine, fuel is fed in constantly, and the flame is continuous. Think about a gas burner, and you'll have the right idea.\n\nAt the front of the engine is a compressor. This compresses air and forces it into the combustion chamber. Here, it is mixed with the appropriate amount of fuel, and burnt. The exhaust gases exit through a turbine - the energy in the exhaust gas turns the turbine. The turbine is connected by a shaft to the compressor - this is what turns the compressor.\n\nThe remaining energy in the exhaust is used to propel the exhaust backwards for a jet engine. Or a propeller, etc, can be bolted onto the shaft so that it turns with the turbine and compressor if rotational energy is required.\n\nIn a turbofan engine (as used on all modern airliners), there is more than one turbine. The first turbine drives the compressor. There may be more than one turbine/compressor shaft. The final turbine, though, drives the bypass fan - which simply blows lots of air backwards, bypassing the combustion chamber.",
"Ever watch a water wheel in action? Same principle. A moving fluid (liquid or gas) imparts motion to a rotating mechanism designed to pick up as much of that kinetic energy as it can. A turbine typically has aerodynamically or hydrodynamically designed blades on it to acquire the moving fluid's kinetic energy as efficiently as possible.\n\nThere are many applications for turbines, of course. Water-driven turbines at dams convert the kinetic energy of falling water into electricity. A turbocharger uses the force of a car's exhaust gasses to compress the air entering the engine to increase power. A turbojet engine uses a turbine at the rear of the engine to drive a compressor at the front of the engine to increase power. Compressed air drives turbines in such tools as a dentist's drill or a lug nut driver.",
"Turbine engines are actually simpler that conventional piston engines.\n\nThe first section has blades that spin and compress the air. The air enters a combustion chamber which is constantly adding fuel and burning with the compressed air. The hot gas then goes into a second set of blades that powers the compressor blades. The additional hot gas is expelled for thrust (fighter jets) or is used to feed additional blades that can then power propellers (like a jumbo jet's turbofan) or additional blades that power a generator (like gas power plants)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
2vcf05
|
what stops us from peeing our beds as an adult?
|
When I was a kid and dreamed about peeing, I wound up wetting my bed. Now as an adult, and I dream about taking a leak, I wake up with the bed dry-- and I run straight to the bathroom.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vcf05/eli5_what_stops_us_from_peeing_our_beds_as_an/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cogfy9n"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Humans have urinary sphincters that are made of skeletal muscle (muscles you control voluntarily). As humans age and develop, the sphincters get stronger (hypertrophy) and the neural connection between the muscles of the sphincter and the brain also get stronger. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
4934ar
|
why did optical sound become standard for movies, but not for ordinary consumers?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4934ar/eli5_why_did_optical_sound_become_standard_for/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d0on3hw"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Movies record sound in an optical way because they the movies themselves are recorded on optical media (film). As you see in [this picture](_URL_0_) the sound is literally recorded optically on the film. By the time the technology was cheap enough for ordinary consumers, consumers had switched to magnetic media (video instead of film)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/USN16mmSoundtrack.jpg/640px-USN16mmSoundtrack.jpg"
]
] |
||
2vjsnr
|
asmr (triggers)
|
I was sent some videos of asmr...and it _URL_0_. i need to know how and why. A lot of the sounds made me cringe...but no tingle
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vjsnr/eli5_asmr_triggers/
|
{
"a_id": [
"coi90jy",
"coiatqv"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Some people find ASMR discomforting rather than comforting.\n\nNobody really knows what ASMR is, but a common theory is that it's a social grooming reflex. The vids simulate the sensation of another person grooming you - removing parasites and the such. The explanation for why a sound can trigger these ghost sensations is not yet known, but studies are being performed.",
"Because people are just now figuring out it exists it's still somewhat of a mystery to the scientific community, and not much is known as of now. \n\nReally you should look through /r/asmr for a while and try some videos until you find some triggers you like, I myself have the benefit of being triggered by just about anything in ASMR videos, but most people only have specific things they like. It's entirely possible that you might not experience ASMR at all."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"confuses.me"
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
1slq5q
|
why do some scents "cling", or stick around, longer than other scents?
|
For example, a *typical* fart tends to only last a few seconds whereas smoke will stick with you, even if its a single cigarette. Or if you bake cookies, the delcious scent disappears rather quickly once the cookies are done, whereas baking pot brownies will smell for an entire day.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1slq5q/eli5_why_do_some_scents_cling_or_stick_around/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cdytlaa"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"Heavier molecules travel slower through the air, so they stick in one place longer and remain in higher quantities longer so that they can be detected by your nose for longer. Lighter molecules move faster, diffuse faster, and are therefore made undetectable in less time."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
6ly5qq
|
why do protesters always seem to turn into rioters and looters?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ly5qq/eli5why_do_protesters_always_seem_to_turn_into/
|
{
"a_id": [
"djxhify"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Those are Antifa. They go there specifically to do violence. \n\nThe actual protesters were quite peaceful."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1u2a4u
|
why don't all notes have a flat and sharp? (ie: why is there no fb?)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1u2a4u/eli5_why_dont_all_notes_have_a_flat_and_sharp_ie/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cedsh9q"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"F is a single half-step away from E, so F♭ is E, and E♯ is F.\n\nLikewise, C♭ is B and B♯ is C.\n\n**Edit:** To elaborate a bit, the standard western musical scale has 12 notes, and each of those 12 notes are a half-step from each other. You could easily name these notes \"1\", \"2\", \"3\", etc. Using just a number system, you can see that 1-sharp is 2, 5-flat is 4, etc.\n\nNow out of those 12 notes, we have constructed various scales, the most common of which is the C scale. The C scale consists of notes 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12. Those are the notes that we've taken to giving letter names. So note 1=C, 3=D, 5=E, 6=F, 8=G, 10=A, and 12=B.\n\nNotice that E and F are right next to each other (notes 5 and 6), so F♭ is E, and E♯ is F. Also note that B and C are right next to each other (notes 12 and 1), so C♭ is B and B♯ is C.\n\nFor other notes, you can see that D♯ and E♭ are both the same note (note 4), which doesn't get its own letter under this system."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
6w7ghp
|
why is anyone taking mcgregor vs mayweather seriously?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6w7ghp/eli5_why_is_anyone_taking_mcgregor_vs_mayweather/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dm5vtwr",
"dm5w13r",
"dm5w80y"
],
"score": [
6,
5,
4
],
"text": [
"Because sports fans love a spectacle, and have the discrimination of a nyphomaniac on ecstasy in a cucumber factory staffed by male and female supermodels.",
"you’re right to be confused, it seems silly. something to consider though: mayweather is much older and has not fought at a high level for a good 5 or so years",
"Conor has boxing experience. Conor will use an Unorthodox style (karate/tkd). Conor is bigger with more power. Floyd is 40, hasn't fought in 2 years. The first few rounds will be dangerous for Floyd."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2xo0ro
|
how exactly does nato work?
|
Im studying international relations on my own time and would like someone to break it down to me.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2xo0ro/eli5how_exactly_does_nato_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cp1te4t",
"cp1tn6r",
"cp1tqmy",
"cp1wo23"
],
"score": [
2,
8,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"I would recommend looking at the [website for NATO.](_URL_0_) It has a nice diagram that explains its organization and operation. ",
"Article 5 is the most important, and the one you hear about day to day - an attack on one NATO country is an attack on all of them. Developed as a nuclear umbrella during the cold war, the design was to contain any Russian expansion. Article 5 has only been employed once: after 9/11, the US declared that Afghanistan had attacked them. This decision was not popular with other NATO countries.\n\nArticle 4 basically says that NATO countries can call a NATO conference to discuss any issue and, if they can all agree on something, they'll all implement it. This comes up more often than you would think, but rarely produces tangible results.\n\nArticle 3 sets ambiguous requirements that NATO countries maintain adequate armies, because they don't want countries to rely on the rest of NATO while ignoring their military. Canada is sometimes accused of violating Article 3, for example.\n\nArticle 2 states that nations in NATO have to be friends, can't employ mercantilist trade policies designed to harm a member nation, and must strive for free trade. They also need to support international NGOs in their country.\n\nAnd lastly, Article 1 states that members must try to resolve disputes peacefully and maintain the role of the United Nations in bringing 'Justice' to international disputes. This is the article that lead to the NATO interventions in Kosovo and Libya and to anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden.\n\nThe role of NATO then collectively is to enforce the World Trade Order, wherein nations of people coexist peacefully with free trade and local sovereignty. Much as we trade with China in hopes that we will inspire them to change (rather than seeking regime change), NATO is empowered to promote and defend a world order that ends with all nations coexisting peacefully under international law, with universal free trade and strong international development. It gets a lot of flack, but in practice when it actually does act, it usually comes out looking like a hero.",
"Following World War II, the Western Allies + Germany (and some other states I'm likely forgetting) formed NATO to defend against Soviet Russia, with a focus on the threat of a Warsaw Pact ground invasion of Europe. \n\nThe key to NATO's function is the mutual defense element of the establishing treaty - an attack on one member is an attack on all. If Russia attacked England, for instance, they could expect American retaliation. Additionally it prevented enemies of the west from singling out weaker or smaller countries and trampling their sovereignty as had happened before WWII, because all NATO allies enjoyed the military umbrella of the United States and major European nations. \n\nNATO also provides standardization and interchangeability protocols to aid mutual assistance in war. An American fighter can take on fuel from an Italian tanker plane, and a Dutch soldier can lend ammo and magazines to his English colleague. NATO is also the primary organizing body for military exercises in the West. \n\nNATO has also impacted the development of Europe. Though the treaty ostensibly requires all members to spend a decent portion of their GDP on defense, many ignore this requirement. They can do this and still feel safe since the mutual defense agreement means they enjoy access to the formidable combined forces of the United States, Britain, Germany and France. Why bother maintaining a decent military when other countries will do it for you for free? ",
"NATO is a bunch of allied nations, who all agree that they got each other's backs if the missiles start flying. If any one member gets attacked, all other members will defend them. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.nato.int/nato-welcome/"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
2j8jsu
|
why does (good) sushi taste so incredible? looking at ingredients on paper, i'm completely mystified - and wouldn't have even tried sushi 10 years ago (but could happily eat it twice a week now).
|
I know this has been asked before, but the explanations thus far have been pretty thin (yes, I did do a search).
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
I'm NOT a betting man, but 10 or 15 years ago I would have probably accepted a $10,000 bet that I **wouldn't** ever like sushi much, even in the slightest (and I wasn't all that much of a big fish-eater back then). Back then, a big part of it was the stigma of raw fish -- but, still, *on paper*, sushi just doesn't seem like it would be something to get all that excited about.
I'm in my mid-40's now, and over the last 3 years I've only recently discovered how incredible sushi is. (I've also learned to like fish better, particularly salmon, and tuna-steaks, but I wouldn't say say I'm a huge fan of eating fish all the time).
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
But NOW, I could probably eat sushi *twice a week* for the rest of my life -- or every day for a week or two straight (if need be), and probably happily do so too.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
**What is it about *good* sushi that makes it taste so good??** I'm pretty liberal with my use of the sliced ginger, and wasabi (the US variety, which I understand is kind of fake wasabi made with horseradish probably), and I dunk in the low-salt variety of soy-sauce (and I wasn't previously a big soy-sauce eater). But I try not to drown my sushi in any of those things.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
**ON PAPER**, none of the ingredients in sushi (raw tuna, salmon, eel), or the rice or avocado -- are things I normally can get all THAT excited about. (I mean, sure, I like rice -- and I like avocado, although I'm not crazy about it, for instance - I'm *not* an especially big fan of guacamole).
**And yet, combine all those things at a quality sushi restaurant, and I could eat for days.**
**WHY??** ELI5, please. I can't fathom it -- and as hilarious as my wife thinks it is that I want sushi all the time now, I think it's *equally* hilarious, and nearly incomprehensible.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2j8jsu/eli5_why_does_good_sushi_taste_so_incredible/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cl9diyy"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It's all in the technique and quality of ingredients. The way that an ingredient is layered and cut with other ingredients can dramatically alter how it tastes. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
b2afus
|
how did we discover other solar systems and such?
|
I have really never undestood this and it really fascinates me.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b2afus/eli5_how_did_we_discover_other_solar_systems_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eirdjyy",
"eirdsm2"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Two methods. Firstly, looking for stars dimming very slightly, periodically, as a planet orbits in front of it. Secondly, measuring the very slight wobble of a star as the planets' gravity pulls at it.",
"Planets orbiting a star \"tug\" on the star, this causes a star to wobble slightly. Planets also block light from the star if they happen to orbit in an orientation that causes the planet to pass between our viewpoint and the star, dimming (occluding) the stars light ever so slightly.\n\nAstronomers use observational surveys, with the assistance of computer programs, to monitor large and small patches of the night sky and catalog such changes over the course of months or years. With the James Webb telescope going into operation we'll be getting some very exciting images of exoplanets (planets not orbiting our sun) in the near future."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
5g7osu
|
why do we sometimes feel nauseous from witnessing something awful or hearing tragic news?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5g7osu/eli5_why_do_we_sometimes_feel_nauseous_from/
|
{
"a_id": [
"daq5t34"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"As I understand it, it has something to do with the fight or flight response. It's now considered fight, flight or freeze. Either way, if an animal's brain senses that it may need to flee, either because of a direct threat of danger or out of the confusion from something overwhelming that it can't understand, the brain triggers the body to offload unnecessary weight to flee faster. So an animal may lose its stomach contents or its bowels or urine as a nervous response."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1g6c8p
|
how does steam and other digital game distribution business's make money.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1g6c8p/eli5_how_does_steam_and_other_digital_game/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cah5whs",
"cah5zm5"
],
"score": [
3,
7
],
"text": [
"I would imagine a percentage or fixed amount from each game sold through this service goes into Valve's pockets.",
"**Steam:** Steam is the middle man. Valve charges publishers and indie developers a fee to sell a game through Steam, and takes a percentage of each sale. Steam was one of the first digital game distribution platforms.\n\n**Origin:** Origin is owned and operated by Electronic Arts. Since EA is both a developer and a publisher, they created Origin to sell their games through. No middle man = more profit\n\n**UPlay** Ubisoft owns and operates UPlay. They're in the same boat as as EA. Ubisoft is both a developer and publisher. ~~middleman~~=more profit\n\nI hope this cleared some things up for you."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
n77go
|
blue balls and men...
|
Why are blue balls so painful? How come every man reacts differently to them? Finally, what is the exact explanation of what blue balls are?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/n77go/blue_balls_and_men/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c36t2su",
"c36t2su"
],
"score": [
18,
18
],
"text": [
"ELI5 Version\n\nYou and a bunch of your school friends think it'll be cool if you all way down the slide one after another. You decide to gather 20 of your friends and on the count of three you start going down the slide and everyone follows you, but at the end of the slide is a dirty puddle of water that you don't want to get your pants all wet, so you slam your feet into the slide, stopping everyone behind you from getting off the slide and everyone slides into each other and it's just a big congestion in the jungle gym slide, and now all the school kids hate you.",
"ELI5 Version\n\nYou and a bunch of your school friends think it'll be cool if you all way down the slide one after another. You decide to gather 20 of your friends and on the count of three you start going down the slide and everyone follows you, but at the end of the slide is a dirty puddle of water that you don't want to get your pants all wet, so you slam your feet into the slide, stopping everyone behind you from getting off the slide and everyone slides into each other and it's just a big congestion in the jungle gym slide, and now all the school kids hate you."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2i33k9
|
why is being on the iss considered microgravity?
|
Whenever someone talks about there being zero G on the ISS (or in any orbit), a pedant comes along and says it is not actually zero G but is really "microgravity," a small amount of gravity. In fact, the strength of Earth's gravity at the altitude of the ISS is 89% of that on the surface, a difference that can hardly be considered small. So how is the modifier "micro" justifiable?
Edit: I understand the station is in free fall. My point is, since they are in free fall, they are only being accelerated by gravity, and an observer being accelerated cannot tell he is being accelerated, so to them (ignoring general relativity) it is the same as zero G or 100 G. Additionally, if an experiment relies on the strength of the gravitational field, such as for general relativity effects like time dilation, comparing the effects of 0.89G to 1G are measurable, but "micro" would seem to better imply to something like 0.001G. So why is being accelerated at 0.89G considered being in "microgravity?"
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2i33k9/eli5_why_is_being_on_the_iss_considered/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ckycgcd",
"ckyd0hs"
],
"score": [
16,
2
],
"text": [
"It's a confusion of terms. The phrase \"micro-gravity\" is used when the apparant feeling of gravity is much less than on earth.\n\nPeople who say there is no, or little, force of gravity there are wrong. People who say the force of gravity on the ISS is 89% that of earth are not wrong.\n\nBUT, the first group might actually mean that they **experience** zero gravity, and **that's true**, and that's why it's called microgravity. The actual forces at hand aren't really as important scientifically as the total effect. 89% force of gravity in free fall is scientifically identical to nearly 0% gravity. So the pedants aren't wrong, but it's still microgravity. They're talking about different things.\n\nExample: When someone is suggesting how easy it would be to get to the moon from the ISS because there is zero gravity, THEN we need the pedant to correct them, as it matters in that context. But when someone is pointing out how the ISS can be used to measure the effects of zero g on the human body, the pedant saying \"but there is gravity there, 90% of the force of earth\" isn't **wrong** but he's missing the point, and his comment is irrelevant.",
"Zero-g, micro gravity and weightlessness are more or less the same thing. They aren't defined well enough that arguing which exactly applies to ISS is worthwhile. Even if they at some point had distinct meanings, today they are used interchangeably. If anyone needs to draw attention to some small detail about gravity, then they're much better off stating exactly what the relevant detail is instead of trying to make the distinction by using those terms alone. So just ignore any pedants and focus on facts.\n\nFacts are that people in ISS are in free fall, gravity is the only force having an effect on them. Things in free fall feel weightless, as in they will float around the capsule. The strength of gravitational field in low Earth orbit is around 90% of what it is on Earth, this doesn't change anything about free fall or being weightless. The gravitational field is not uniform which causes small tidal forces to be present.\n\nThis last point is probably where the term micro gravity comes from. The strength of the tidal forces at human scales in low Earth orbit are around one millionth of normal gravity, hence micro gravity."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2006to
|
how nintendo can essentially ship the exact same pokemon game with a name change and few different pokemon and nobody seems to care, while other companies get ripped apart for rehashing games.
|
I did not mean to anger the hive mind so let me explain. I am talking about the multiple games per generation such as red and blue. I myself am a Pokemon fan and believe that there is enough innovation between generation to warrant new games.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2006to/eli5_how_nintendo_can_essentially_ship_the_exact/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cfyk6ml",
"cfyk70m",
"cfylm2u",
"cfynlpb",
"cfyqiix"
],
"score": [
8,
2,
15,
3,
5
],
"text": [
"Are you referring to stuff like Yellow, Crystal, Emerald, and Platinum, or the main games of each generation? \n\nIf the latter, Game Freak makes fairly large changes to the gameplay mechanics each gen, and the Pokemon games DO have stories to them. ",
"I know it's a double standard, which sucks, but pokemon also holds places in many people's childhood. It's frustrating how Nintendo is essentially immune from harsh criticism on reddit.",
"from generation 1 nintendo was trying to create a community. the objective has never been to get you to buy the other version, it's to compel you to go find someone who owns the other version. \n\njust by having a few different pokemon, they got you to be part of a community and also it lead you by the nose to the multiplayer feature you would have otherwise ignored. \n\nbasically, it isn't cheating you out of money (nintendo only makes more money by getting you to de-facto promote the game)",
"First I disagree with the premise that they are the exact same with surface changes because the series has continue to evolve and become deeper on a mechanics level.\n\nAlso I think people don't have the same fatigue because the games aren't released year after year like other series do. Each generation takes a few years to develop and I think that shows.",
"**WARNING: WALL OF TEXT AHEAD**\n\nNintendo has always been in a special bubble when it comes to criticism. Either they're blasted for every little action, or they're ignored entirely. Pokemon is no exception.\n\nAs for releasing two versions of the same game, it doesn't really effect sales to release two versions at once. They simply produce the same number of copies they would for one game, but split it up for both. Pokemon X and Y probably didn't go into manufacturing until roughly a month and a half or so before release. So let's say it's late August 2013. The release date is October 13th, 2013. So the smart thing to do would be to go around and ask various retailers the numbers of pre-orders they got for which game. So let's say all around they're were about 10 million pre-orders, just for the hell of it. 6 million people pre-ordered Pokemon X, while 4 million pre-orders Pokemon Y. Usually, the first game is the one that sells more. So that's how many copies they'll print. 6 million Pokemon X cartridges and 4 million Pokemon Y cartridges, plus some change so they don't sell out immediately.\n\nIf you look at sales figures of Pokemon games, you'll see they'll be judged as \"Pokemon Black and White\" or \"Pokemon X and Y.\" That's because they're considered to be one game. It just comes in two versions. It's similar to how Chevrolet will make one car that comes in multiple SKUs (stock keeping unit, i.e. one comes with GPS and Sirius radio built in, the other does not). You don't see the number of each individual version of the car that sold, you only see the all around numbers, because they consider them the same car.\n\nAs someone else mentioned, Game Freak and Nintendo's goal has never been for you to buy both versions of the game, it's for you to experience a sense of community and connection with fellow players. That's why certain Pokemon only evolve when trading. They want you to find someone to help you get a Gengar or an Alakazam. You'll generally find that the \"hardcore\" fans will always buy both, eventually. Be it buying one at a certain point and one later down the line, or both on release day. But generally the hardcore audiences who want the \"full experience\" will buy both for an ease of obtaining Pokemon. I personally do because it makes it a hell of a lot easier at certain points. But the truth is, most people don't buy most versions, as the majority of the Pokemon fan base are kids.\n\nAs for the \"director's cut\" editions (i.e Pokemon Yellow, Crystal, Platinum, etc.), those were born out of a few things. You see in Japan, the original two games were Pokemon Red and *Green*. Not Red and Blue. But when the series got mega popular and Nintendo decided to go international with it, they re-branded the games as Pokemon Red and Blue for unknown reasons. In addition to this, the international Pokemon Red and Blue contained better looking sprites, international characters for more languages, as well as many, many bug fixes that the original Japanese games suffered from. So what NOJ was release Pokmeon Blue to subscribers of *Coro Coro*, a Japanese gaming magazine. So that was where the first \"third version\" came from.\n\nBut afterwards, Game Freak still needed a bit longer to release the next games, Pokemon Gold and Silver. So since they figured that Pokemon Blue was a modest success in Japan, they decided to release Pokemon Yellow, which included some better improvements including a storyline similar to what was seen in the anime. It was essentially Pokemon Red/Blue/Green, but with some starker changes added on to it.\n\nAnd sure enough, that was a success as well. So it became a tradition. More recently however, we did get Pokemon Black and White *2*, instead of the usual third version that would accompany a pair. These games were actual sequels instead of a director's cut. While it reused almost all of the assets from the first games and took place in the same setting, it was a great way to hide the fact that it was a very time-buying game rather than actually releasing the same game. So I'm actually quite a fan of those games.\n\nThe thing with Pokemon is that the games contain a HUGE amount of re-playability. Every new game is different from the last. It's very hard to replicate a past play through completely. So when radical changes are made to the game, like a new and improved story, and appearances of older Pokemon, people eat it up very quickly. Thankfully though, Game Freak and Nintendo have gotten better over the years at making the differences more appealing.\n\nWhile I personally have mixed feelings sometimes about it, I still very much enjoy the improvements they've been making with each addition to the series. Game Freak seems to be one of the only companies that's part of Nintendo that pays close attention to what customers actually want. So each addition of the game makes the game play less and less irritating.\n\nAnd if you're referring to the series using the same formula over and over, the past paragraphs apply to that too. Even though all games are based on the same concept, a new setting, new Pokemon, new story, etc really can shake up the game play."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
26pccz
|
dread locks
|
How are they made? How do they work?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26pccz/eli5_dread_locks/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cht6sz6"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"You take a patch of long hair and roll it between your hands until they fray, tangle, and stick together from the oils and grease from your scalp and hands. Now you have long strands of clumped hair. Hurrah! I guess."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1gcoox
|
why are people up in arms (for and against) about banning 3d printers from printing guns?
|
I searched ELI5 and couldn't find anything, gotten into silly internet arguments that lead to no substantive reason for support or opposition for it. Can anyone explain it to me, at its core, the big deal about banning or not banning 3D printers from printing out guns?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1gcoox/eli5_why_are_people_up_in_arms_for_and_against/
|
{
"a_id": [
"caixthq",
"caj0ghz",
"caj1rwp"
],
"score": [
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"3D printers could mean that anyone could make and have a gun that is entirely unregulated, and that noone knows about. This would cause huge security issues, (plastic guns wouldn't set off a metal detector, etc.) and put guns in the hands of prospective criminals. However, most 3D printed guns are suited for self defense, (small caliber, single shot, short range) and so could allow anyone to protect themselves.",
"Both the pro and the con arguments come down to the fact that such guns would not be known to exist by the government.",
"Guns are highly regulated, because they are dangerous and we as a culture have developed them to a high degree. A modern weapon also requires a notable degree of sophistication to manufacture in terms of machining, metallurgy, etc. So until 3d printing showed up it took a lot of work to make an effective, functional firearm that was also safe for the user. This limited manufacture such that it was easy for the government to track and regulate the production of firearms.\n\n3d printing changes that game. Now, with a lot of work and fiddling about, guns can be made at home, out of almost all plastic (we still need some bits to be steel or at least metal, but that will pass eventually). This means that we will be running into the same issues that counterfeiters brought up when the first cheap color laser printers arrived, and the government will need to adapt to the change in tech. Historically, this means banning or legislation attempting to ban something that the government has a problem dealing with."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
487xrn
|
offsite brigading
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/487xrn/eli5offsite_brigading/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d0hlgva"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"somewhere outside of reddit people are encouraged to influence position via up-voting / commenting on reddit."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
l6ej3
|
why does the back of my sensodyne (and other otc drugs) list active and inactive ingredients?
|
What does that mean? I though ingredients were ingredients.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/l6ej3/eli5_why_does_the_back_of_my_sensodyne_and_other/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c2q5aen",
"c2q5aen"
],
"score": [
17,
17
],
"text": [
"Active ingredients fight the problem. Inactive ingredients make the part of the product that doesn't heal you.\n\nFor instance in vodka, the active ingredient would be alcohol, while the inactive ingredient would be the water that's added to dilute the vodka to 40% alcohol. I know alcohol isn't the kind of drug you mean, but it's a simple one that I know the formula to, haha. For things like neosporin, the inactive ingredients probably constitute the gel, including thickeners, etc.",
"Active ingredients fight the problem. Inactive ingredients make the part of the product that doesn't heal you.\n\nFor instance in vodka, the active ingredient would be alcohol, while the inactive ingredient would be the water that's added to dilute the vodka to 40% alcohol. I know alcohol isn't the kind of drug you mean, but it's a simple one that I know the formula to, haha. For things like neosporin, the inactive ingredients probably constitute the gel, including thickeners, etc."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
1zr5oh
|
did women in the past have big breasts like most today, if not, why did they evolve that way?
|
I'm talking about woman in like the 17th and 18th centuries.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1zr5oh/eli5_did_women_in_the_past_have_big_breasts_like/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cfw6xze",
"cfw9x5d"
],
"score": [
21,
3
],
"text": [
"The thing is, in the 16th, 17th and 18th century women wore tight cone shaped bodice and stays (that's an early corset) [like this](_URL_1_) that compresses their breasts into a smooth line, so it's hard to tell how big their breasts really are. However when I worked with historical costumes I find that clothes sizes can be very small for middle class or poor women, it is attributed to poor nutrition. \n\nCup sizes have increased in recent years, it's not necessarily part of evolution. It is partly because of obesity, plastic surgery, and perhaps increased estrogen level in water (this is controversial). However a very big reason is more women realizing they've been wearing the wrong size all along. For a long time people had this perception that D cup means very large breast. In reality D cup is very common. Since it's so common to see women wearing the wrong size bra, namely their cups are too small, you shouldn't be surprised that there are lots of women out there with D cup breasts. Many women were surprised to find out that their cup size is much bigger than they've originally thought. The [Guardian](_URL_2_) said that the most common bra size in the UK is 36D, I remember reading in Women's Day that the most common bra size in the US is 34D. \n\nAnother reason is that the material available during the 50's did not have a lot of stretch (Lycra wasn't available back then), therefore it's important to have some extra room in the band, but when you add more room to the band it also decreases the cup size. When you look at pictures of women from the 50's, you'll notice most of them aren't wearing very supportive bras that pushes the breasts up ([example](_URL_0_)). You can get the similar effect if you wear a bra with one cup size smaller and band two inches longer (and loosen the shoulder straps). Nowadays we have much better materials and patterns, so it's possible to buy bras with much better stretch and flexibility and there's no need to leave extra inches for the band size anymore. ",
"Really all you have to do is look at societies that are still in the preindustrial stage such as tribes in south america etc. They have just as wide a range of breast sizes as we do so no we haven't recently evolved large breasts. I think large breasts as something to aspire to with surgery is very new just like being ultra thin. My mom is 72 for example and was mocked for being too thin. In the 1920s I believe having a nearly flat chest was the sexiest to aspire to, look at flappers they all have flat chests and had flattening bras and such.\nEdit for spelling"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://i.imgur.com/GrZIs.jpg",
"http://www.portlandart.net/archives/Meytens-Antoinette.jpg",
"http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2010/may/16/womens-breasts-are-getting-bigger"
],
[]
] |
|
543slo
|
how does the process of radicalization actually work?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/543slo/eli5_how_does_the_process_of_radicalization/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d7ynrzi",
"d7yspm0",
"d7z17bv"
],
"score": [
7,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Watch the movie [i]American History X[/i].\n\nPeople are primed for radicalization when their expectations of life are shattered. At that point, all it takes is an opportunist more radicalized than them to step in and make them their pawn.\n\nOver 40% of Americans use Facebook as their primary source of news.\n\nFacebook.\n\nThis is a platform that actually [caters to your particular whims](_URL_0_).\n\nWhere do you think war-torn middle-easterns get their news from?",
"1. Someone feels like he lacks something others around them have (e.g. a sense of belonging)\n2. A group of people starts to give that person a bit that which he thinks he lacks (e.g. affection or a position inside that groups social mesh)\n3. Further attainment of that which he lacks is tied to following the groups social rules (implicit and explicit ones)\n4. People outside said group (e.g. western society) are blamed for not giving the individual what he feels he lacks in the first place\n5. Therefore the outsiders are enemies\n6. The social rules of the society demand that you fight their enemies\n7. Profit.",
"The process of radicalisation in general has too many variables, but I take it you mean specifically with regard to Islamic radicalisation? In which case the process is as follows. \n\nAn individual identifying as or with Muslims develops a grievance against non-Muslims. This grievance can be real or imagined but is usually imagined. Examples can range from believing you weren't hired for a particular job because you are a Muslim to conspiracy theories about kafir soldiers raping Muslim women in the Middle East. \n\nThe grievance becomes perceived as part of an overall pattern rather than a one off. Either other grievances emerge or other examples of this grievance emerge that indicate that the issue is widespread and not isolated.\n\nThe righteous indignation felt about the apparent injustice is fostered either through radicalising agents (such as hate preachers) or through the self (through looking up jihadi actions online). A tipping point is reached where to not take action is seen to be to allow evil to thrive. \n\nThe decision to take action is followed up on by making concrete first steps to fight against those committing the injustices. For most this is merely subversion and spreading radicalisation but for others it can include violence and terrorism. \n\nIronically Islam itself doesn't significantly play into the radicalisation process. It seem to only support justification for taking action and build tribalism between the us who are aggrieved and the them who are committing the injustices against the us. The religious verses condoning and requiring violence are primarily used against doubters and moderate radicals rather than as part of radicalisation itself. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomi_Lahren"
],
[],
[]
] |
||
6vn3ew
|
can bone conduction earphone damage my eardrum at high volume ?
|
I was wondering, since to meaning of these earbud is to kind of bypass eardrum and use your jawbones to trabsmitt the sound, if i put the volumer tooloud, can i damage them ?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6vn3ew/eli5_can_bone_conduction_earphone_damage_my/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dm1hmtb",
"dm1revq"
],
"score": [
13,
3
],
"text": [
"Your eardrum isn't what's damaged by high volumes. It's the small hairs in your inner ear that actually detect sound. Very loud sound can kill those hair cells, and they never regenerate. And yes, bone conduction earphones can damage your hearing that way, just like normal headphones.",
"Dont wreck yourself. I used just normal iPhone headphones everytime I gymed and now I have tinnitus and im only in my 20s. Those warning prompts that show up on some phones when you turn up the volume too high aint no joke. Many ragrats "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
9jokuv
|
what's the point in stealing a credit card? can't they trace each purchase a thief makes with it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9jokuv/eli5_whats_the_point_in_stealing_a_credit_card/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e6t0fmq",
"e6t0iqi"
],
"score": [
10,
6
],
"text": [
"Many types of purchases can be hard to track down.\n\nFor example, if a criminal orders a bunch of stuff to a random persons porch, and then swipes it, the online store won't know who ordered the package \n\nOr a gift card purchase using a stolen card/number: at best you will have a blurry camera picture of a random dudes face.\n\nFill up a gas tank in a car with a missing/concealed license plate, and good luck finding the owner of the car. This assumes the car isn't stolen in the first place.",
"yes they can. But if the thief can use it quickly enough at a store before the theft is noticed, they can usually get away with it. Usually used for something like visa gift cards or large ticket items (TVs, computers, etc.).\n\nSource: work for a bank and deal with fraud frequently"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
7bnc38
|
the legal definition of an 'assault weapon'?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7bnc38/eli5the_legal_definition_of_an_assault_weapon/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dpja2f0"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Assault weapon is a phrase made up by the media. Assault rifle, however, does have a technical definition. It is an intermediate or larger caliber rifle with select-fire capability. It can function in either semi-automatic (one trigger pull, one bullet leaves the barrel, followed by the rifle ejecting the spent brass and reloading a new round) or fully-automatic modes. According to American law, an assault rifle is by definition a machine gun and heavily regulated with every transfer of ownership being reviewed by a warm body at the ATF NFA Branch."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2x3jad
|
why can the router in my house spread wifi everywhere, but the router in my apartment can only cover a few rooms?
|
thanks guys! going to experiment around with it based on your advice
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2x3jad/eli5why_can_the_router_in_my_house_spread_wifi/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cowk4ny",
"cowkma2",
"cowkn9u",
"cowlcz6",
"cowml5q",
"cowmr20",
"cown8mc"
],
"score": [
5,
5,
2,
2,
7,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Not all brands and models are as powerful as each other. Wifi signals are also stopped much more effectively by dense materials like concrete and steel, as opposed to wood and similar.",
"Because you don't need WiFi to cheat on your wife in the apartment she doesn't know about you privileged prick! Seriously though, More then likely the router in your house is an \"N\" rated router or higher and the one in your apartment is a shitty \"G\" rated router. Finding out the strength or rating of the routers is your first step. The next thing you should do is stop cheating on your wife and go buy a new router. ",
"It also depends on the location of the router. If, for example the router in your house is located at a higher point, the emitted signal should help with a better/faster connection.\n\nIn your apartment, perhaps it's on 'one level', thus you will get a potentially poorer connection.",
"maybe concrete walls vs wooden/plasterboard panels?",
"WiFi Signals travel on a few channels of a frequency. (2.4 GHz) These channels range from 2.412 to 2.472. Out of 13, or 14 channels the main (default) channels are either 1, 6 and 11. This is because the channels (freqs) will bleed over to other channels.\n\n\n\nSo Channel 1 can reach out to channel 3. When you are on channel 6, your signal can spread out from channel 3.somthingish to channel 8.somethingish. 11 ranges from 9ish to 13ish. \n\nSo we choose either 1, 6 or 11 so as the main Channels do not over lap.\n\n\n\nWhat most likely is happening, is since you live close to others, and every family tends to have internet access now, or you are guaranteed at least a half-dozen in your local area/building. Your routers may be contradicting one another. \n\n\nSo if you are on channel 6, and so are two+ other people around you, their WiFi routers signal will mess with yours. Causing slower speeds, dropped signal, as well as lessen your signal strength in some cases. \n\nYou can change all of these settings in your routers admin control.\n\n\n\n\nTo choose a channel that no one in your close vicinity, there are several programs you can use, I forgot the one I was playing with a while back, but give me a bit, I will look. \n\nThese programs will pick-up all the wifi signals in your local area, and give you their signal strength as well as channel they are on, you can use this data to help choose your channel. Which may help your coverage.\n\n\nOr you have it shoved in a back room in a cabinet, and your walls are made of solid brick. \n\n",
"Most likely because everyone in the apartment complex has a WiFi router and they're all on the default channel, using default dhcp settings, default IP, with incoming wan sourced by the same ISP (usually a cable company, who also generally use default because they still think coax is *high tech*), and they're all within range of each other...\n\nThink 10 CD players playing the same CD, all started at different times... Your jam is playing on one of them, and you can identify your jam, but now, try to dance to it...\n\n Its kinda like that :)",
"I think OP just wants to brag that he has a house AND an apartment!"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
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