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4eohas
|
is the concept of ego accepted in modern brain snd behavioral sciences? if yes, how is 8t measured? what is it, exactly?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4eohas/eli5_is_the_concept_of_ego_accepted_in_modern/
|
{
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"text": [
"I don't have an answer, I'd just like to suggest you spend a moment re-reading your posts before you make them. Spelling errors, putting in incorrect words, hitting the wrong key, these things happen and it's nothing to be ashamed of. But your title is pretty bad.",
"Ego is an absolutely fascinating subject. It is not how amazing we think we are, it is how we believe we fit in with our environment, this includes social relations, but also environmental relations. Ego tells us that we are human, that we belong to a system called society that reaches far beyond ourselves. Of course, intellectually we may know these things, but ego personifies this information, it says that yes these things are true, and they pertain to the person that is you. It gives shape to the amorphousness of your mind. Looking into a mirror and seeing your \"self\" is an interaction between your internalized sense of self (ego), and your externalized form. This is why people are advised not to look into a mirror while experiencing ego death on psychedelics, you realize that everything you thought was you isn't you, YOU are just another strange anomaly in the universe. \n\n\nEdit for brevity "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
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1ygoyc
|
if i fly somewhere in the direction that the earth is rotating, do i arrive slower than if a flew somewhere the same distance in the opposite direction where the earth would be rotating towards me?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ygoyc/if_i_fly_somewhere_in_the_direction_that_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cfkbwwo"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The speed at which you fly is your speed through the air.\n\nSince the air generally rotates with the earth, your speed over the ground isn't affected by whether you go with or against the rotation of the earth.\n\n(Of course the air doesn't always rotate with the earth. When it's moving at a different speed to the earth, we call it \"wind\". When you fly with either a headwind or a tailwind, your speed over the ground will be different. But that still often doesn't correspond with the rotation of the earth.)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
acpj80
|
how can the chinese communicate with their vehicle on the far side of the moon? as i remember the apollo missions when the spacecraft orbiting behind the moon there was no radio contact.
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/acpj80/eli5_how_can_the_chinese_communicate_with_their/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eda6or8"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Queqiao is a relay satellite put into a halo orbit around the L2 point (Lagrange Points are points near two larger bodies in orbit where a third body can maintain it's position relative to those larger bodies.) about 40,000 miles from the far side of the moon. This way it can always have direct view of the Earth and Moon at all times to relay the signals. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
9jmycc
|
what does the different sections of the 3.5mm headphone jack do?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9jmycc/eli5what_does_the_different_sections_of_the_35mm/
|
{
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"text": [
"Not in right order but dependent on which headphones\n\nMono head phones will have a left and right path with a ground (2 sections)\n\nStereo has 3 sections left path right path and ground\n\n\nHeadsets with mics have 4 sections left path and right path. Microphone and ground.\n\n\nGround is always needed to make a conplete loop for electricity",
"For stereo headphones, you would expect to see three sections:\n\n* tip \n* ring \n* sleeve\n\nGenerally, the tip is used to send the left audio channel and the ring is for the right channel. The sleeve is the ground, and is shared beneath the two channels. It's required to complete the electrical circuit and allow current to flow.\n\nHeadsets that include a microphone have two rings instead of one, and mono headphones don't have a ring at all."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
1gh7xh
|
why don't plastic bottle caps leak?
|
Seriously, I've never seen one leak even if it was put on carelessly, as long as it was most of the way on. It really seems like it shouldn't be that easy to make a waterproof seal.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1gh7xh/eli5_why_dont_plastic_bottle_caps_leak/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cakacw4"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"Look under the cap. There is a rubber or paper gasket. This seals against the top of the bottle neck. The threads are not the the part that seals it.\n I did some work at a place where all they make are little rubber gaskets for bottle caps."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
33l4fn
|
what would be the consequences of a black plague outbreak in today's society?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/33l4fn/eli5_what_would_be_the_consequences_of_a_black/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cqlwku7",
"cqlwlt5"
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],
"text": [
"Remember the ebola scare from last year? Pretty much that.\n\nThat is to say, not really a whole lot.\n\nMedicine, particularly in the US and Europe, has advanced to the point where we can actually respond to dangerous contagions in order to limit the spread.\n\nAlso hygiene. So much hygiene.",
"Just as long as it isn't the drug resistant form, the black plague is fairly easy to treat with antibiotics and we do actually have a vaccine against it. Considering we know what causes the disease nowadays *and* know what ways are actually effective to treat it, and (at least in the Western world) we have the resources to treat it, it is unlikely to grow to epidemic proportions. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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] |
||
5ei0wu
|
why is the u.s. the only industrialized nation without mandatory paid family leave by employers?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ei0wu/eli5_why_is_the_us_the_only_industrialized_nation/
|
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"text": [
"I'll admit I'm bias on this topic, but unions, US once had a great union movement that fought for the 40 hour work week, safe work conditions, minimum wage. Most other countries had the same thing and unions continued to fight and won paid leave and higher minimum wage. The US hasn't had strong labour unions since the 30's.",
"Because there are those that believe it would place an undue burden on employers and it's not the role of the government to interfere with the employer/employee relationship to that degree. If you don't like the pay and benefits your job offers, find another one. Now of course in the real world finding a new job isn't all that easy for most people but that's the theory at least.",
"Because people angry about poor working conditions end up electing Republicans because our media doesn't explain policy, it just talks about gossip. ",
"I'll try to provide a different perspective from most of the comments here. Full disclosure: in contrast to most of the other commenters here, I am a libertarian who disagrees with government mandated paid family leave and believes in a free market. However, I don't think that should bias my answer too much.\n\n1) Unlike most countries, the US is a federated state. Most countries, e.g. Britain, are unitary states, where the national government is *the* government which decides most major policy for pretty much the whole country, with local governments (county councils, city councils) consigned pretty much to basic stuff like when trash is collected, fixing streetlights, etc. So in most countries, voters vote for a national government with the different parties proposing different laws, one party or another (or a coalition) takes power and passes its agenda and it is now law throughout the land.\n\nThe US is very different in that it is actually 50 separate states with their own governments (their own legislatures, their own executives, and their own courts), each different from the rest, operating under but separate from 1 Federal government. As a result, our country is set up such that there are very few things which should be or must be national policies. The 50 States are meant to be \"laboratories of democracy\" where different policies (like higher or lower minimum wage or paid family leave) can be tinkered with. Which is why in 4 states (California, Rhode Island, and New Jersey, soon to be joined by a 4th, New York, in 2018) have already passed mandatory paid family leave. Interestingly, the State of Washington passed a law in 2007 mandating paid family leave, but they abandoned the idea before it was fully implemented. \n\nThe premise of the country is that local voters get to determine for themselves how they want their state to be run, and whether it is more friendly to employees or employers is left to the local voters of a state, and if you dislike the laws in one state you can move to another (and many do). \n\nSo, to say that the US doesn't have mandatory paid family leave is somewhat disingenuous. Do we have it at the national level? No, but we don't need to. Plenty of voters in plenty of states seem to get by fine without it. \n\n2) Many companies already offer paid family leave. Not all, of course, but enough apparently that voters do not seem to think it requires government intervention into the economy. \n\n3) The Constitution. The Federal Government was meant to do very, very little and most government policy was meant to be set by the State governments (laboratories of democracy I mentioned earlier). As a result, the Constitution explicitly forbids the Federal Government from doing whatever it likes and actually limits it to just a few things it is allowed to do. While the Supreme Court has broadened Congress' powers substantially since the New Deal in the 1930s, and the Federal Government semi-frequently just ignores or flouts the Constitution, mandatory paid family leave would still face scrutiny and may well be ruled un-Constitutional (i.e. it would be *illegal* for the government to force employers to pay their workers for 'family leave'). \n\nAgain, this is in contrast to most modern governments which are not nearly as restricted by their Constitutions--some in fact even have \"positive rights\" (the right *to* something) like mandatory paid family leave written into their Constitutions. \n\n4) This one is kind of nebulous, but in essence Americans historically believe in freedom, particularly economic freedom, much more than does much of the rest of the world. While this has fluctuated through various periods of history and is currently on the decline, in my opinion, many Americans simply believe that the government has no right to tell an employer \"You *must* pay your employees when they take family leave\". Many Americans think that consenting adults should be free to make an agreement about exchanging time and labor for money without the government coming in and telling either party \"You can't do that, you must do this.\", though feel free to disagree with that assessment.\n",
"I'd like to offer a slightly different point of view to the ones currently posted.\n\nSome might question the very premise that a business should be mandated to help the family decisions of it's employees. The answer is \"because otherwise we don't get enough children\" - but that seems to be a societal need, rather than a cost caused by the business itself. Obviously that would need to be paid for, but then you can decide how to recover it through potentially 'fairer' means. Some would argue that a societal need should be dealt with by the government directly, rather than offloading the cost onto businesses. Apart from all freedom arguments, you could say it has potential distortionary impacts (disincentivizing job growth, regressive transfer of income from non parental workers to parental workers, implicit bias against hiring women, giving more benefits to those in work who hence need it less)\n\nAs an aside, It's worth noting that the US has a relatively high birth + immigration rate compared to most other developed countries, so there isn't really so much of a need to promote pregnancy.\n\nBut in more abstract terms, the US generally takes a more laissez-faire approach to regulation. In this case it means that employees don't get as many mandated benefits, but there are probably more jobs/businesses around than otherwise would be possible."
]
}
|
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[],
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||
25x69b
|
who decides what gets built (buildings, houses, bridges, etc.) in the united states?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/25x69b/eli5_who_decides_what_gets_built_buildings_houses/
|
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"text": [
"Do you mean who decides how federal funds are allocated for the construction of houses, buildings, and bridges? Or do you mean just in general?",
"well each governmental sect gets its authority over a certain region and buildings: local/city, state, and national. Many different sections of government have to approve these structures. Ill let someone else delve into details on that one. \n \nFor example a local agency would build a road, state would build highways, and national would build large interstates",
"Things like bridges and roads are planned and funded by local governments. Most houses and buildings are privately built, but local governments do what's called zoning, which defines what types of structures can be built in certain places and what their roles can be. This prevents a factory being built in the midst of a bunch of houses, for example."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
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||
dr46gi
|
why can a camera only focus on one distance at a time, and what occurs inside to change that focal distance? does the same principle apply to our eyes?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dr46gi/eli5_why_can_a_camera_only_focus_on_one_distance/
|
{
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"f6emdca",
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],
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"text": [
"When an image is formed by a lens, it's only sharp in a narrow range. That range defines the focal point of the optical system. Hold your finger an arm's length in front of your face and shift you focus from your finger to a distant object. When you focus on one, the other becomes out of focus.",
"When an object is close the light enters the camera at a different angle and the lenses need to change the distance between them to make the light focus on the sensor. Your eyes have lenses with muscles that do this automatically, and if your eye is the wrong length, you might need glasses."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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] |
||
2tbevh
|
please explain quantum fluctuations. how is it possible for matter to spontaneously appear?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2tbevh/eli5please_explain_quantum_fluctuations_how_is_it/
|
{
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"cnxi2fo"
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"text": [
"If you bring a particle and antiparticle together, they are converted into energy. The same principle works in reverse, you can convert energy into particles.\n\nNow something that's weird is that the uncertainty principle means you can't truly know how much energy is in empty space, you can only get to some precision. You also can't know time completely. And the two are related -- the more you accurately you know how much time is passing, the less you know about energy. It turns out that this allows particles to quickly appear and disappear, but you can't really know how much energy they had or how long they were around.\n\nIt's actually a lot more complicated than this, that was my best ELI5. It's been a while since I learned this stuff though."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
yme97
|
what's the difference between advertised internet speed and actual bandwidth?
|
For example, I am paying for the 16Mbps service plan from my cable provider. But my actual speeds are always much lower.
Right now, I'm downloading a game and at any given moment my rate is somewhere between 100 KB/sec and 1.7 MB/sec but never anywhere close to 16Mbps.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/yme97/eli5_whats_the_difference_between_advertised/
|
{
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"text": [
"The advertised speed is 16 mega*bits* per second. Eight bits = one byte, so your 1.7 mega*byte* download speed is close enough to the advertised one (2 MB would be the theoretical maximum).\n\nBy convention, capitalised MB/KB/GB refers to bytes, whereas lowercase (Mb/Kb/Gb) refers to bits.",
"1.7 M**B**/s is pretty close to 16 M**b**ps. 1 byte (symbolized by B) equals 8 bits (symbolized by b). 16Mbps is 2MB/s. As for why you are not getting your full speed, it could be on the downloaders end, or it could be someone else on your network is also using the internet. Or if a lot of people in your area are using up bandwidth."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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|
fa5ef4
|
can two people with different illnesses experience wildly different symptoms? or are symptoms generally universal when it comes to types of illnesses?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fa5ef4/eli5_can_two_people_with_different_illnesses/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fiw1bys"
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"text": [
"Certain symptoms are more common and usually these are caused by your body trying to cure itself. Inflammation, fever, tiredness, stuffy nose etc. These are mostly your body reacting to the illness.\n\nCertain symptoms are less common and may be directly caused by the illness.\n\nOther symptoms might the the side effect of the medicines that are taken to cure the illness. \n\nEven with the same illness, some people will experience different degrees of severity of each symptom because everyone's body reacts differently to all the above causes."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
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rujrq
|
how silicone can be a lubricant as well as a 'glue'
|
It is sold as a [spray] (_URL_0_) and also as a paste that is used to lubricate, but then you use it as a [sealant] (_URL_1_), Confusing to someone who knows little about this! haha
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/rujrq/eli5_how_silicone_can_be_a_lubricant_as_well_as_a/
|
{
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"text": [
"Neither product will be simply pure silicone. The exact molecules used, and the processes gone through to manufacture them, will determine the properties of the end product. It's similar to how carbon can be both diamonds and pencils.",
"It's because they're not the same thing. \"Silicone\" is the common name for polymerised siloxanes, which consist of a series of different *polymers* (continuous chains of the same molecule) including silicon, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon atoms, and sometimes other elements. These polymers are composed of linked *monomers* (the single molecular units that make up the polymer), which each have a core made of a silicon atom connected to an oxygen atom (and the oxygen links to the silicon in the next unit of the polymer, and so on).\n\nWhere the different kinds of silicone differ is in the silicon atoms, which can each bond to four atoms (the basic chain only has them linking to two each) - these atoms, or groups of atoms, will usually be hydrogen or carbon (carbon also bonds to four atoms, so it will likely form something like a methyl group, where its other three bonds are taken up by hydrogens). Also, siloxanes can be *cyclic*, where the central silicon-oxygen chain ends up forming a closed circle, or they can be *linear*, where the chain is just continuous instead (typically being shaped in a zig-zag fashion).\n\n[Here](_URL_0_) is an image of a siloxane unit's core structure, with the two \"R\"s indicating where other atoms or groups may bond to. It is possible for these other atoms to be parts of other siloxane polymers, which I think is what would happen in a lot of cases. In fact, when this is taken to its most extreme, you get silica (silicon dioxide), which is made of nothing but silicon and oxygen. The most common examples of silica you'd encounter are sand and glass (sand's composition varies a lot, but will usually be heavily composed of SiO2, and typical soda-lime glass is pure SiO2 with additives, so the end content ends up being roughly 75%). As you'd expect, silica is usually used as the chemical precursor when producing siloxanes, because it contains the basic structure already.\n\nI may have been a bit more in-depth than an ELI5 explanation requires, but if you're confused about anything, I'll be happy to try and answer!\n\nEDIT: I just remembered [this](_URL_1_) electron microscope image of the molecular structure of pure silica glass. The drawing along with it seems to be inaccurate, because it only shows silicon forming three bonds, but I thought it was interesting."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"https://www.whitworths.com.au/main_itemdetail.asp?cat=174&item=50157",
"https://www.whitworths.com.au/main_itemdetail.asp?cat=174&item=63925&intAbsolutePage=&LinkedItem=63784&search123="
] |
[
[],
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"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Siloxane.svg",
"http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/sn-glass.jpg"
]
] |
|
6sn33i
|
why do doctors/nurses insist on drawing blood from my arm and not my hand?
|
I've had this issue all my life and I'd like to get some insight from someone who would know. The veins in my arm are nearly invisible from the surface of my skin, due to this I always tell whoever is drawing blood to get it from my hand where you can see big bulging veins easily. Yet 90% of the time, they still try to get it from my arm. They are never able to actually get the vein in my arm and after multiple hit & misses, they eventually go to my hand and get it the first try.
Why do they do this? I assume the veins in the arm are normally better for getting blood, but why would they still try after being told not to by the patient?
Disclaimer: I did a search and the ones I found did not answer my last question specifically.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6sn33i/eli5_why_do_doctorsnurses_insist_on_drawing_blood/
|
{
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"text": [
"Clinical lab tech in training here. Have you ever had it drawn from your hand? My understanding is that it's a lot more painful than having it taken from further up your arm. \n\nInvisibility of your arm veins is rarely a problem for an experienced phlebotomist or nurse. If you had a more specific reason for not wanting them to draw from your arm veins they might take it seriously, but just not being able to see them isn't usually an obstacle. ",
"Veins in the arm are typically larger, which makes them easier to access and draw significant volumes of blood from. Also, a trained medical professional will typically palpate (feel) for a vein, rather than just going by sight. A good vein will feel like a squishy sponge, even if it's too deep to actually see. The top of the hand is typically more sensitive than the arm, so those draws are also more painful. That said, as the patient, if previous draws have been more successful using the veins on your hands, you can firmly tell them to try there first and they should respect that request. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
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3sweeb
|
how are games with huge open worlds made?
|
When I look at MMORPGs and huge open-world games like Skyrim, it always leaves me to wonder how such huge environments are made. Do they just have large teams working on modelling and creating the environment, or do they design software procedures that generate environments for them?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3sweeb/eli5_how_are_games_with_huge_open_worlds_made/
|
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"text": [
"Yup, just large teams working on modeling. If you divide a huge world like Skyrim into small segments, or parts of them (plants, rocks, terrain, weather, etc.) you can put a few dozen people working on it for like 4 years and get a huge world going. One guy works on modeling plants and placing them. Another guy works on making rocks and placing them. A few other guys mould the terrain to create mountains, hills, obstacles, rivers, etc. You get the picture.\n\nOne trick is also re-using elements, such as dungeon walls, buildings, and landmarks. Ever notice how in skyrim you'll find identical rooms or buildings occasionally? It's because the developers are saving space by just re-using old assets.\n\nIn general though, it's just lots of time, lots of effort, and lots of people. The only way to make these kinds of worlds in a low budget indie game is through procedural generation, but part of the reason Skyrim, Fallout, etc. are great games is because everything is hand-crafted. It's much harder to do that with procedural generation (to see examples of this, think of how much more detailed and photogenic the terrain of skyrim is compared to your average random Minecraft or Dwarf Fortress map).",
"Sometimes it's all designed by a person, sometimes it's generated by algorithms, sometimes it's a mix of both.\n\nMinecraft worlds are procedurally generated. There's an algorithm that generates them based on an initial \"seed\" value.\n\nThe first two elder scrolls games worked in a similar way. The world in Elder Scrolls: Daggerfall was about the size of Great Britain. It was huge, but it was almost all automatically generated.\n\nStarting with Morrowind, they started designing manually. However they probably do use tools to help them, and then add detail. I suspect they use terrain generation tools to create the initial landmass. Then add the towns and other locations on top of that, tweaking the terrain when necessary.\n\nThey do reuse a lot of assets when making dungeons. If you look around in Skyrim you'll notice that there's only few different themes for dungeons, and most of the scenery is the same just resized and rotated.",
"skyrim and GTA are a pre-generated open world game. that means the entire map was designed by people.\n\nminecraft are a procedural software generated worlds. they only thing that determines the entire world is the seed number. rest of it comes down to procedural algorithms. ",
"There are (in general) two main ways such games are made.\n\n\n1) Pre-made maps\n\nIn this case, the maps are designed by a group of people who usually (re)use blueprints and \"tweak\" them to make it look like a whole new area. For example, all dungeons in one part of the game world can be created from the same blueprint, and then just changing the rooms layout and distribution of enemies will make it look like a new dungeon.\nThis allows game designers much more control over how things are going to play out and where each object/NPC will be located.\n\n\n2) Procedurally generated worlds\n\nSuch games (Elder Scrolls, Minecraft) employ a similar concept of \"blueprints\" but those are now procedures in the game's code that based on some input parameters generate the look of a part of the world. The most important part of such procedures is the \"seed\" or the initial parameter state. The idea is that a different seed (usually computed based on the internal computer clock) should generate a different world, while the same seed must always result in an identical world.\n\n\nA follow-up question to your one could be how are them games saved, and why are save files (relatively) small when you take into account the size of the world.\n\nThe answer to this is that save files contain only a limited amount of information about the world. In general, it's only information on objects you have interacted with, or anything that's different from the default state of the world (regardless of how it's generated). In addition, some parts of the game worlds (dungeons) usually reset themselves after some time, further reducing the size of the save file."
]
}
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[],
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267kca
|
why do bugs roll onto their backs, even after i roll them back onto their legs?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/267kca/eli5_why_do_bugs_roll_onto_their_backs_even_after/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chomwev"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A bug might roll on it's back (usually a sign of impending death) due to exposure to insecticides which cause nervous system damage and damage to the exoskeleton (Boric acid, for example, is highly irritating to the 'shells' of insects)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
6ocu3f
|
why do video games have load screen when simple 32gb games that people adore rarely did?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ocu3f/eli5_why_do_video_games_have_load_screen_when/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dkge4xi"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because modern games have models, meshes, textures, particle effects, sound effects, shaders, and a million other things that are part of a data density in some cases exponentially higher than that of older, more simple games. That data can't just magically move from storage to RAM. It has to be processed. That takes time, especially with optical media like CDs and Blu-Rays that have to physically seek locations on a disc.\n\nMany game developers attempt to get around this by using continuous data chunk streaming (such as open world games), but a lot of them are content simply segmenting the experience to ensure smoothness and performance at the expense of a less seamless play experience."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
sjl1j
|
why ceiling fans adjust the way they do.
|
ELI5 Why ceiling fans with pull strings adjust from off- > high- > medium- > low- > off instead of off- > low- > medium- > high- > off.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/sjl1j/eli5_why_ceiling_fans_adjust_the_way_they_do/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c4ekc83"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"On startup, electric motors don't produce very much power* (edited) because they aren't spinning very fast. In order for your ceiling fan to start successfully and operate in a range it's comfortable with, it needs a lot of power to get itself started. This is why the highest power setting is the first one you get when you pull the cord. If the opposite were true (lowest setting first) it would take quite a while for the fan to get started, and it would generate a lot of heat in the motor because it is \"stalling\", or trying to spin without having enough force to get the blades moving. This is pretty bad for motors, as high heat can cause damage and lower the lifetime of your motor."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
fkfm6o
|
why does cigarette smoke cause headache and nausea in nonsmoker's after being in the presence for awhile?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fkfm6o/eli5_why_does_cigarette_smoke_cause_headache_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fksgzqr",
"fkubj67"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Nonsmokers aren't used to it. I'm a former smoker, and when I first started I would frequently get headaches and stomach aches/nausea if I smoked too much or too quickly. This is a combination of the smoke, tar, and nicotine, which is itself a poison in large enough quantities.",
"In some cases it can be symptoms of low level carbon monoxide poisoning. Over time, smokers will have a relatively high level of carbon monoxide in their blood at all times, and develop a tolerance to it"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
3bpkzl
|
http
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3bpkzl/eli5_http/
|
{
"a_id": [
"csoaybc"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"What part of HTTP the actual protocol? Or how a TCP connection is made? Unless you're planning on writing your own web server, the actual HTTP protocol is not really important. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
86rx4v
|
what is fortnite, how does it work, and why is it so popular right now?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/86rx4v/eli5_what_is_fortnite_how_does_it_work_and_why_is/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dw7dy2t",
"dw7et1l",
"dw7fmap",
"dw7gga8"
],
"score": [
7,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"It's battle royale, which is pretty much last man/team standing. You find guns in houses etc and smash up houses and cars to get materials to craft walls and stairs. It's popular because A) it's quite a childish looking game (the textures etc) and so a lot of kids play it cause there's no blood so their parents don't care and B) it's free, unlike PUBG and C) it's pretty damn easy compared to PUBG and other BR",
"It's just been released on mobile too, it's probably why you've seen a lot about it right now ",
"It's a cartoony shooter. Centered around an ever decreasing engagement area, with base building, and guns. Nothing in the game stands out in a way to tell it apart from any other shooter. As to why it's popular, haven't the foggiest.",
"Cell shaded style third person shooter.\nThe most popular game mode is *Battle Royale*. It’s every man for himself until the last man is standing, with the exception of small squads.\nYou’re parachuted onto a big map with different terrain. You start with very little but you can pick up loot and weapons from specific places, weapons and items are usually random.\nMost structures are destroyable, and you can also build structures instantly for shelter or cover.\nThe map eventually creates random zones that expand, when you’re caught in the radius of these zones you’ll eventually die. This stops the game from going on forever and forces people to move closer together.\n\nIt’s probably popular because it’s mostly free to play and crosses over to a lot of platforms, including recently mobile phones. Winning gives you a pretty satisfying feeling of accomplishment as far as online multiplayer goes. It’s easily accessible, spans almost all age groups, doesn’t take a lot to run, free to play. These factors probably contribute to its popularity "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
3bvf2v
|
how come you can wear the same pair of jeans in -10°c and +30°c? don't legs need insulation?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3bvf2v/eli5_how_come_you_can_wear_the_same_pair_of_jeans/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cspuz8w",
"cspv1fh",
"csq1ec0",
"csq1v3e",
"csq205y",
"csq24j0",
"csqhnth"
],
"score": [
262,
198,
16,
6,
2,
2,
7
],
"text": [
"First off, if you are wearing the same pair of long legged jeans in 30 degree weather, then may the good lord help you. I couldn't last an hour with long pants in that weather. In cold temperatures, it often times does not matter what you wear on your legs and arms just so long as it blocks the wind. Your legs and arms receive warm blood from your torso every second. As long as you are able to keep your core temperature at a reasonable amount, then you're not going to run the risk of your legs and arms getting too cold. ",
"Jeans are really neat articles of clothing.\n\nWhen you wear jeans they only contact your body constantly at your waist and hips. Along the length of your legs a typical pair of jeans (real jeans, not skinny jeans) don't regularly touch your skin.\n\nThat leaves a small boundary of air between your skin and the fabric. That layer insulates your skin remarkably well. And that layer is what allows you to comfortably wear jeans when it's both very cold and very hot.\n\nYou can test this theory by sitting next to a camp fire. If you stick you jeans relatively close, they'll heat up. And if you're not paying attention, they can get very hot without you noticing. Then you move your leg, the fabric comes in contact with your skin, and all of a sudden it burns like a mo' fo'. \n\nOther materials don't do this as well because the fabric isn't as tightly woven (meaning infrared heat can get through) and it's not as thick as denim, which means the air can be exchanged easier. That means when it's cold outside, cold air can seep into the pan leg, making you cold.",
"I never really thought about it but this is pretty weird. Where I live we regularly get -30C in the winter and +30C in the summer and I can wear the same jeans and sneakers all year. Aside from a parka and a toque I can wear the same outfit in July as I can in January.",
"other than your brain all essential organs are in your torso which is where your body wants to maintain body heat. You feel cold in your fingers and toes first because the body keeps warm blood in your core if it is struggling to maintain a high enough temperature causing the arms and legs to be neglected. If on a cold day you wear a sweater of jacket that can properly insulate your organs your body doesn't worry about retaining heat and will still supply the legs properly. Obviously there is a point when its to cold to just wear a jacket to maintain proper body heat and at these temperatures frost bite is a concern too so you need to insulate everything. ",
"We are mammals who can self regulate our internal temperature and none of our vital parts are in our legs. For instance we sweat and shiver.\n\nAlso the rest of your outfit is likely changing during that, so it helps you thermo-regulate.",
"it depends on whether or not you are outside for extended periods, I'd say. as stated in another comment, a lot of blood flows to and back from the legs. after a couple hours, I'd personally be more worried about -10°C without thermal underwear than 30°C with jeans.",
"Jeans generally suck at insulation which is why they can be worn in extremely warm weather. As for cold, your legs generally are far more tolerant to the cold than other parts of your body. Any time that you're walking around out in the cold, your legs will be working hard to move you around, and in the process of doing so will be producing heat through the metabolic process. Your legs are also fairly thick compared to your arms and due to gravity well supplied with blood. So when walking in the cold, your arms are the most vulnerable to the cold given that they're producing less heat and are often less insulated (your fingers in particular).\n\nAlso, remember that if you've properly insulated your chest (with a warm jacket), that it's going to be able to reheat cooler blood coming from your legs, so your legs will constantly be supplied with warm blood."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
a9c6t1
|
how does this happen without the water freezing before it’s pulled out?
|
[Frozen Grape](_URL_0_)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a9c6t1/eli5_how_does_this_happen_without_the_water/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eci6ku3",
"eci6oz0"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"It looks like the water is supercooled. Ie it’s pure water that is below freezing temperature - when you cool water in this manner it won’t freeze until there is either an impurity for ice crystals to form around or if you shake the water (you can try this at home - buy a bottle of purified water and stick it in the freeezer for a few hours, carefully pull it out and it’ll likely still be liquid but will freeze if you shake it).\n\nWhen they dip the cherry in either ice crystals already on the cherry or the cherry itself provide a base for the ice crystals from the super cooled water to latch onto.\n\nThe whole cup doesn’t freeze because forming ice releases heat energy into the surrounding environment (in the opposite process of how you need to add heat energy to ice to melt it), so the ice that does form warms the rest of the water to above freezing.",
"Looks like that's [supercooled water](_URL_0_). Basically, you can chill water below 32°F if you do it slowly, in a very smooth-walled container. Without something to stick to, the water molecules can't line up to form crystals, and thus they stay liquid. By adding the grape, they're giving the water molecules a starting point and ice can grow on it."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"https://i.imgur.com/y91lGuX.gifv"
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fot3m7kyLn4"
]
] |
|
312zlm
|
does "0.999..." and "1" have infinite numbers between them?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/312zlm/eli5_does_0999_and_1_have_infinite_numbers/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cpy0503",
"cpy053r",
"cpy060c",
"cpy07v4"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Assuming you mean 0.9 repeating, no, there is not an infinite amount of numbers between 0.9 repeating and 1. They're the same number. \n\nIt's well explained here:\n_URL_0_...",
"If you mean .999... (the 9 repeating infinitely), then no. .999... is equal to 1, through long mathematical proofs. The simplest being 1/9 = .111... ; 2/9 = .222... 3/9 = 1/3 = .333... and so forth... finally 9/9 = 1 = .999... ",
". 9999999...(repeating on forever) and 1 are equal. \n\n. 3333...=1/3\n\n1/3 x 3 = 1\n\n.3333... X 3 =.99999...=1\n\n\nOne of the reason this is true is because there can not be a number between them. You can't tack a 1 on the end because that would mean there is an end, which there is not. And two numbers with nothing between them must be the same number. ",
"No, because 0.999... and 1 are exactly the same number.\n\nThere is no value that you can add to 0.999... to make it 1, so it's the same number."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0.999"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2p9f8w
|
what is gamma?
|
Studying computer graphics I've heard about the term gamma and gamma correction. So what exactly is gamma and why does it need to be corrected?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2p9f8w/eli5_what_is_gamma/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cmumeek"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It has to do with how human eyes/brain perceive visual information. We have more sensitivity to difference between darker shades that we do to lighter colors, and it's not a linerar relationship, it follows a type of relationship called a power curve or gamma function. So gamma correction helps to insure that enough information is there for shadows and not too much for highlights. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
dvdsc9
|
- why is it important to be in flight mode on a plane?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dvdsc9/eli5_why_is_it_important_to_be_in_flight_mode_on/
|
{
"a_id": [
"f7c1px6",
"f7c1r9b"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"The FAA guidelines changed recently so this is not a requirement anymore (for small devices at least)",
"The only reason not to use ur phone or any device during take off and Landing, is to be fully focused if sth happens. Most accidents happen on take off or Landing. There is no interfering with sth on the Cockpit. A friend of mine is a pilot and he even sometimes sends us live Photos if he is on a long flight."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
2dgocr
|
why does my nose run every time i put eye drops in my eyes?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2dgocr/eli5_why_does_my_nose_run_every_time_i_put_eye/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjpawny"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I suspect it's the same reason your nose runs when you cry. Your eyes have small 'ducts' to your nose, maybe yours are a bit loose.\n\nOn a different note, I can plug my nose and blow and get a small stream of air out my left eye. Eww."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1j08dc
|
what is sea sickness?
|
What is sea sickness? Why do some people have it more commonly than others?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1j08dc/eli5_what_is_sea_sickness/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cb9s6ow",
"cb9swka"
],
"score": [
3,
13
],
"text": [
"Inside your ear you have these little tubes filled with some liquid. As you move around the liquid sloshes around. This sloshing is sensed by your brain and your brain can figure how your head is moving and which way the earth is pulling you (i.e. which way is down). \n\nIn other words, these tubes help you keep your balance. \n\nNow, most of the time (like when you're not on a boat) when the liquid sloshes around as if you're falling over the room around you also moves as if you're falling over (probably because you're falling over). Boats are weird though. You *feel* as if you're falling over, but since the boat is 'falling' in the same way the 'room' that you're in seems to stay in the same place.\n\nSome brains respond to this disagreement between the balance system and vision system with nausea... i'm not exactly sure why though. Wikipedia says this balance/vision discrepancy causes the brain to go into a sort of panic mode which includes shutting down the digestive track. ",
"Motion sickness happens when your senses get mismatched signals. In this case, your inner ear tells you that you are moving but your eyes say you're still. Or for people who get sick from playing FPS games, vice versa. \n\nAnyway, the answer to why this makes some of us nauseous or sick lies in the question of when in nature might you get a sensory mismatch? Well, it can happen if you've eaten something poisonous and you'd be screwed if you didn't throw it back up. \n\nSo if you had the psychological/behavioral reflex of what is now known as motion sickness, you'd have a chance at surviving after eating poisonous food. And this is a great adaptation for foragers like early humans. \n\nWhy do some not have it? We're all simply different in our ancestral history and genetics and thus, we all have varying degrees of what life has to offer. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
63i10j
|
how does the naming of the british royal family work?
|
hey guys, I have questions. how does the naming of the British Royal family work? why do kings and queens get different names when accessing? also, how do they give out land titles, like how William and Harry are both brothers, yet William is the DUKE of CAMBRIDGE and Harry is PRINCE Henry of WALES. why the different areas for the same family? how is that divided? and do you become a duke when married? also why is Harry called both Harry and Henry? what's the process for all of this, I'd really like to know. thanks :)
edit: also what's the difference between prince, earl, and duke (for men) and princess, countess, and duchess (for women)?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/63i10j/eli5_how_does_the_naming_of_the_british_royal/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dfuaw3j"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The British royal family has accumulated A LOT of titles over the centuries.\n\nThe monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II) can give titles, and a few titles are traditional. \n\nThe heir to the British throne is traditionally given the title \"Prince of Wales\", however Prince Charles is also Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick and Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland.\n\nTraditionally the monarch's second son is Duke of York. In this case it is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killyleagh.\n\nPrince William (Prince Charles' son) is Prince William of Wales (Not William, Price of Wales as his father is the Prince of Wales). He was also given the titles Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn and Baron Carrickfergus on the occasion of his wedding by the Queen."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2yplvf
|
why would most people rather talk to my dog than me?
|
When I go on walks alone, no one talks to me. When I take my dog for a walk, everyone wants to talk to him. It is the same in reverse, I won't talk to people, but I will talk to people's dogs. I'm just wondering why this is.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2yplvf/eli5_why_would_most_people_rather_talk_to_my_dog/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cpbqlrp",
"cpbrsgq"
],
"score": [
5,
5
],
"text": [
"I have no fear of your dog judging me for randomly walking up and talking to them. ",
"Dogs are mostly pleasant and agreeable. This isn't necessarily true of people. Less risk involved."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
36eebs
|
why do we pump our arms when we run?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/36eebs/eli5_why_do_we_pump_our_arms_when_we_run/
|
{
"a_id": [
"crd8fxu",
"crd8h1u",
"crd97mi",
"crda3d5",
"crde5ec"
],
"score": [
32,
4,
4,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"The pumping motion counterbalances the swinging of our legs, making it far easier to keep our balance. Try running with your arms flat at your side sometime and you will find it is really hard to do without falling over.",
"For balance. You'll notice when you run your left arm moves forward with your right leg and vice versa. This reduces torque and helps keep you upright. ",
"I would like to ask an additional question to this. Why don't ninjas do this?",
"I believe it is a balance issue. ever try running while not swinging your arms, keeping them by your side? Its an awkward feeling to say the least.\n\nNot to mention you end up looking completely strange for doing it.",
"No expert, but when I ran track in high school (kind of, mostly skipped it) we were taught that it not only counter balanced your body, making it easier to stay on your feet, but that the body is naturally inclined to move the leg forward when the opposite arm is. So we were told when you come off the blocks (the little foot holder things) that you were supposed to throw the appropriate arm forward hard to help your leg move forward faster and give you that edge at the start."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
8fv7fe
|
why are objects floating in water attracted to each other?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8fv7fe/eli5_why_are_objects_floating_in_water_attracted/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dy6wpsm",
"dy7a5v4"
],
"score": [
60,
3
],
"text": [
"It can depend on what kind of objects you use. If you've looked at a glass of water from the side you see the water creeps up the side of the glass slightly (meniscus) from the surface tension. If you float something less dense than water the meniscus will curve up. Put two objects in the water and the floating objects want to go 'up' the hill. So they float together. Heavier objects like paperclip will float if placed correctly on water but these have a downward meniscus. They fall towards each other for similar reason. Put a floating object next to a paperclip and they repel each other.",
"I see surface tension is noted as the reason for small bodies of water, but for things like the ocean - why doesn't everything float to the centre of that? "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
8zogmu
|
if bacteriophage's exist everywhere there is bacteria and they are so effective at replicating and killing bacteria then how is it that there is any bacteria left to cause infection or cause things to decompose?
|
From Wikipedia:
A bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates within Bacteria and Archaea. Phages replicate within the bacterium following the injection of their genome into its cytoplasm. Bacteriophages are among the most common and diverse entities in the biosphere. Bacteriophages are ubiquitous viruses, found wherever bacteria exist. It is estimated there are more than 10^31 bacteriophages on the planet, more than every other organism on Earth, including bacteria, combined.
Phages are widely distributed in locations populated by bacterial hosts, such as soil or the intestines of animals. One of the densest natural sources for phages and other viruses is seawater, where up to 9×10^8 virions per milliliter have been found in microbial mats at the surface, and up to 70% of marine bacteria may be infected by phages.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8zogmu/eli5if_bacteriophages_exist_everywhere_there_is/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e2k8lga"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Viruses don't necessarily kill their hosts, and bacteria can be resistant to them too. Think of it this way: If there were no bacteria, then there'd be no way for viruses to replicate so all the viruses would die. But then with no viruses there'd be nothing to stop the bacteria going nuts. It's a balancing act: A number of viruses can exist up to the number supported by the current bacteria population, because when they start to kill bacteria too much, they run out of fuel for their reproduction and die. \n\nOn a larger scale, look at say, foxes and rabbits. Foxes eat rabbits. I think. Might be the other way round. We'll say that's right for now. Foxes eat rabbits. But if they eat too many rabbits, they run out of rabbits to eat and they all starve to death. Likewise, some rabbits will escape the foxes, by climbing trees that foxes are unable to climb, or going into holes that foxes are unable to dig into or by getting in tiny planes that foxes are unable to dogfight with. Point is, some rabbits always survive no matter how many foxes there are, even if all the other rabbits are eaten and the foxes starve. These rabbits know how to resist the foxes so can go on to make more rabbits. Bacteria work in a similar way. Some bacteria contain mutations that make them resistant to a virus. Even if all the other bacteria die, these ones will survive and can then go on to reproduce and now loads and loads of bacteria exist that are resistant to the viruses.\n\nIt's also worth pointing out that viruses are monumentally tiny. See this image: _URL_0_\n\nHundreds of viruses can attack a single bacteria and hundreds more will be released as a result. It's like comparing ants and humans. Sure, enough ants could kill a human, but for every human they want to kill its gonna take a hell of a lot of them to do it, so it doesn't matter that they outnumber us 1.4 million to 1."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://book.bionumbers.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/670-f1-ViralBurst-11.png"
]
] |
|
5xai2q
|
why do zebras have a black and white hide? it seems as if these colors wouldn't be a suitable camouflage for their surrounding environment
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5xai2q/eli5why_do_zebras_have_a_black_and_white_hide_it/
|
{
"a_id": [
"degiby0",
"degiqyq",
"degjxy3"
],
"score": [
31,
4,
6
],
"text": [
"Because they travel in large herds. They don't use the surrounding environment to camouflage individuals, they use each other.\n\nEssentially what a predator sees is a blurring of black and white. The stripes makes it hard to pick out an individual among a running herd.",
"\nThe reason a zebra has stripes is to break up its from. If your a plain white horse standing out in the wild, lions will look at you and recognize you as a zebra. If you're a zebra with a bunch of stripes to break up your form, the lion has a harder time seeing you.\n\nThe US navy actually used this technology called dazzle camouflage in WW1 to break up ship's outlines and make them harder to see in the oceans. _URL_0_",
"The stripes also appear to repel biting flies, which is good for the zebra. Of course, that just changes to question to \"why don't flies like to land on vertical stripes?\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://imgur.com/a/o1Ezb"
],
[]
] |
||
3xrfec
|
how does the autistic brain work and why is it usually very good at math?
|
Im wondering because I found out that my friends brother has high functioning autism.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3xrfec/eli5_how_does_the_autistic_brain_work_and_why_is/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cy7h3fc",
"cy7xecf"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Of course, not all autistics are amazing at math, but some recent studies showed that autistic brains use a different section to solve math problems. Their brain is organized differently, so for whatever reason, they used the part of the brain which is meant to be activated for recognizing faces and objects on the math problems. Nobody knows why it helped.",
"As a high functioning autistic who is consequently a computer scientist (very math heavy), I can probably take a stab at this.\n\nHuman brains have developed over our evolution mainly to support our complex social structures. Because of this, our use of logic tends to get muddled up by our need to be accepted by others, and to identify with groups. that's where we get the whole gamut of cognitive biases that really mess us up (such as confirmation bias, group think, etc). \n\nThose of us on the spectrum tend to have very weak social inclinations. Many social interactions that are instinctual to humans aren't to us. As such, we tend to observe human behavior to emulate it, and build a system of rules around those behaviors. \n\nWe love rules. We love discovering them, applying them, and understanding the underlying logic of said rules. This can make a high functioning autistic pretty good at fields of study that are heavy on logical rigor.\n\nThat being said, not all of those on the spectrum are mathematical geniuses, or even mathematically inclined. It is important to understand that autism is first and foremost a disability. Inclination towards mathematics can be a positive side effect that correlates with autism, but that is not how the disorder is defined.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
8gsye8
|
how is that we can spot a minor misspelling of a word without being sure of its spelling?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8gsye8/eli5_how_is_that_we_can_spot_a_minor_misspelling/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dyecgdj",
"dyecma5"
],
"score": [
7,
3
],
"text": [
"Sometimes you just know that it's a spelling you've never seen before — regardless of how the correct one is.\n\nSometimes you recognize that it doesn't fit the pattern of English — for example, if I write \"ths cannnt b ryht\". ",
"Even if you know nothing about how a word is spelled, certain letter combination/orders are unusual. You can spot these with no foreknowledge of the word if you are familiar enough with the language in general, although this is not a foolproof process.\n\nSimilarly, some combinations are not so distinct, and may pass notice more easily. Consider weird vs wierd, weild vs wield."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
4rd9gm
|
since russia is in asia, why aren't american citizens of russian descent not considered asian americans?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4rd9gm/eli5_since_russia_is_in_asia_why_arent_american/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d5038e4",
"d5039f8",
"d503svc"
],
"score": [
3,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"In North America, the term \"Asian\" is generally used to refer to people specifically from Eastern and Southeastern nations - China, Japan, South and North Korea, Vietnam, etc. The term Asian-American therefore is usually understood to mean someone whose heritage is from one of those countries.\n\nIncidentally, India is also in Asia, but Indians are usually referred to as Indian-Americans, not Asian-Americans.\n\nAs for Russia, it is both in Europe and in Asia. The capital and most of the largest cities are on the European side, and chances are that most of the Russian immigrants you've met in America are from the European side.\n\nQuite frankly, it's all semantics anyways. \n\n",
"Most of the population of Russia is in Europe. All the big population centers are west of the Ural Mountains....thus European.\n\nOnly the ones who are from Siberia or Central Asia would be considered 'Asian'....and most of them have more Asian features, too. ",
"I think most people say \"Asian\" when they are referring to \"Eastern Asian\" (Basically China/Korea/Japan). Pretty much excluding a lot of other \"Asian\" countries. Israel, India, Turkey are all part of the Asian continent."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
1g0h3u
|
what is the purpose of the g20?
|
To my understanding, the G20's purpose is to respond to financial crises in developing nations. I thought the World Bank and IMF did that.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1g0h3u/eli5_what_is_the_purpose_of_the_g20/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cafsz5m"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"That's not its purpose. As you pointed out, that's the role of the IMF - not just with developing nations, but also developed ones which face crises.\n\nThe G-20 is, to a large extent, a talk shop. The rich countries talk to each other in the more restricted G-8, and, because the large developing nations play an increasing role in the global economy, the G-20 was created so all these important actors could talk directly. They're supposed to \"coordinate their policies\", but the G-20 doesn't have cash in hand like the World Bank and the IMF do."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2cfy82
|
what is it that makes people jump high? i know extremely athletic people who have 18 inch verticals, and people who never skip leg day that can't touch net...while fraile unathletic people are dunking, what is it that sets them apart?
|
Please explain im confused
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2cfy82/eli5_what_is_it_that_makes_people_jump_high_i/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjf2np1",
"cjf5v90"
],
"score": [
9,
9
],
"text": [
"1. people have different ratios of fast vs slow twitch muscles.\nsome people are built for marathon running, and others are built for explosive stuff like jumping\n\n2. body fat percentage (how much useless weight you have to lift)\n\n3. body mechanics: the lengths of your limbs, insertion points of the muscles, the angles, etc all contribute to how efficient or powerful you can be.\n\n4. training, technique and practice. Also affected by the type of training. Bodybuilding for example is not very good method of training for practically any sport. The type of muscle that is built is much more efficient at lifting things for 10 reps x 3 (usually). The part of the muscle that grows is mainly the part which stores energy. It grows quicker/there is more of it to start with, so bodybuilders choose rep ranges which target this less athletically useful sector of the muscle. Athletes would usually use lower reps, which builds more strength and power, and not as much mass. They would also choose a better selection of exercises. Many bodybuilding exercises have no real athletic crossover.\n\n5. body physiology: how much testosterone you naturally produce; how much growth hormone, how much adrenaline, etc etc yadda yadda.",
"As someone who is 6' 2\", 210 lbs, not skinny, but can still dunk a basketball at age 48 (and had a 30\"+ vertical in my teens and twenties), I am going to say that what got me decent hops was...wait for it...jumping. A lot. Seriously, from age 10-18 I was constantly jumping as high as I could. Probably at least 100 times a day. I would walk down the hall at school jumping up to touch the beams. And yes, I am sure it was incredibly awkward to watch.\n\nMaybe I jumped that much because of a physical pre-disposition to being able to jump high, and thus enjoyed jumping, but I think the practice of doing max effort jumps continually improved my jumping ability."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2zhvt1
|
the federal reserve announced an increase in interest rates due to the economy being in a better state. which type of interest is being raised and how does this affect the average american?
|
I keep seeing news articles about this but I'm unsure about which interest is being raised and for whom. Thanks for taking your time to explain.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2zhvt1/eli5_the_federal_reserve_announced_an_increase_in/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cpj1tnf",
"cpj1wag"
],
"score": [
8,
3
],
"text": [
"I could be wrong, but I think the fed adjusts the Discount Rate, which may be tied to many other rates, meaning when it goes up, other rates automatically increase at the same rate. But Discount Rate is the interest rate in which banks borrow from the federal reserve. Think of it as the cost of money. If it now costs the bank more money to borrow, then it will cost you more money to borrow it from the bank. As I understand it, this rate is used as part monetary policy that is adjusted to help control inflation. In theory this makes it harder to get money. When it's harder to get money demand is curbed slightly and prices stay stable. ",
"The Fed sets the wholesale price of money for all banks (which is important because it sets the wholesale price of capital for every firm in the country at the same time). \n\nThe interest rate the fed controls is the rate at which the fed will loan money to in trouble banks. From that rate, banks set the rate they loan each other money, and from those rates, they mark up all the loans they make to the general economy (and those rates determine non-bank rates like bonds, money market paper, etc). "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
vqebp
|
the advantages and processes of bankruptcy
|
Why is it that some people willingly file bankruptcy, namely the extremely wealthy, and why do others try to avoid it like the plague? What happens when you're bankrupt and can you escape it by moving to a different country?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/vqebp/eli5_the_advantages_and_processes_of_bankruptcy/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c56q1af"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Well, you can shed some of your debts, but if you try to get someone to loan you money in the near future, they will see that you had declared bankruptcy, and they will not want to loan you any more money.\n\nThat means any lines of credits you do get will be for a small amount of money, and have a high interest rate, since you are considered a risky loan. For instance, buying a car, you would not be able to walk into the dealership and get the 0% APR $199/month special that's advertised on television. You'd need to walk into a sleazy car used dealership and give them a big downpayment, plus collateral such as the title to another vehicle you own or a deed to property you own, and then have to pay off the rest at a very high interest rate. It takes 7 years for bankruptcy to be removed from your credit report, and during that time, getting any sort of credit is difficult or impossible.\n\nIf you've got a lot of income but a lot of outstanding debt - it makes sense. You can lose the debt, and the lack of credit will be fine since you can afford to pay for things like a car or housing with cash. If you have a low income, declaring bankruptcy will make it very difficult to buy those things, as you will be denied credit, and any credit you do get will have a large downpayment, high interest rates, maybe collateral, and maybe a co-signer. That's when people end up going to loan sharks, to get the money they need to get back on their feet, but knowing that they'll have their legs broken if they don't pay it back."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1pakvh
|
why do people in the u.s. still vote for democrats and republicans?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1pakvh/why_do_people_in_the_us_still_vote_for_democrats/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cd0f220",
"cd0f278",
"cd0fq3h",
"cd0ft63"
],
"score": [
2,
7,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"I think it ultimately comes down to not voting for the candidate you want to win, but the candidate that is most likely to beat the person you want to lose. This inevitably leads to a two party system over time.",
"The election system in the United States leads itself towards two dominant parties. That isn't based on bad politicians, or bad media, or bad voters, it's a simple fact of the system.\n\nNo third party has risen up enough to upset the balance and replace one of the two primary parties.",
"They want them to hold public office. To both make and execute the laws as well as appoint representatives of the judiciary.",
"As much as people complain, when it comes to election time, many people are happy voting for one of the two dominant parties.\n\nIt's like Electronic Arts. People on r/gaming complain all the time about them, but when it comes down to it, they are willing to pay a lot of money to play their games."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
4oz4aa
|
what are the differences in morality between the major religions?
|
Comparing the moral codes of the major religions, for an extreme example, one religion might say killing is acceptable in certain circumstances where in another religion killing is absolutely forbidden.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4oz4aa/eli5_what_are_the_differences_in_morality_between/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d4gqlae",
"d4guh16"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"**Christianity**: \"Thou shall not kill\", except for disrespectful children, gays, witches, and the crusades.\n\n**Islam**: \"Islam is Peace\", except for spreading Persian rule, non-believers, and gays. \n\n**Hinduism**: \"He who commits murder must be considered as the worst offender, more wicked than a defamer, than a thief, and than he who injures with a staff. (Laws of Manu 8.345) But India is a shmorgas board of alternatives and \"hinduism\" is a loose collection. They have religiously sanctioned killings there too. \n\n**Chinese Folk Religion*.... I dunno. \n\n**Buddhism** Killing anything will give you bad karma, but there's still warrior monks and the 5th Dali lama praised the Kahn that put him in power through violence. \n\nAnd EVERY single one of those lines will be hotly debated by nearly everyone in said religions. In short, religions say a lot of things. ",
"There is more moral variation within a religion than between different ones.\n\nJust about every religion says murder is bad but killing is justified under some circumstances. Which is which becomes a matter of subjective interpretation."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
c18p1h
|
where does all the liquid go when you get a drip through an iv?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c18p1h/eli5_where_does_all_the_liquid_go_when_you_get_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"erbiwba",
"erbjqwt"
],
"score": [
4,
8
],
"text": [
"Into your blood vessels, which causes it to be directly put into your circulatory system.\n\nMany times when your body needs fluids or you can't directly ingest food or something similar, it's helpful to use IV to directly supply it into blood. Since all the nutrients we get from food eventually end up in blood, we just skip a few steps and put it into the blood directly. That way, the heart can pump it to the entire body, where it's absorbed.",
"Into your blood veins where it gets blended with the normal blood liquids.\n\nAfter that it goes through the same things (kidney, liver, heart etc) as that the normal blood liquid goes."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
38kuvv
|
why do the people of liberland consider themselves a nation? what allows them to claim such status?
|
Also, if it is a country, isn't it doomed to fail and fall into economic hardship, with little/no school for kids, lack of skills/expertise, and laughter from the rest of the world, causing no one to take them seriously?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/38kuvv/eli5_why_do_the_people_of_liberland_consider/
|
{
"a_id": [
"crvscq4"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Anyone can call themselves a nation. But it doesn't mean anything until other, established nations recognize them as such. Until then, they are not granted the international protection soverign nations get, and the nation which originally owned the land may attempt to seize it back, by force if necessary."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3mgegy
|
how do you find cheap flights?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3mgegy/eli5_how_do_you_find_cheap_flights/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cveqbrm"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Group buying websites such as _URL_0_ or _URL_1_ are usually a good place to start.\n\nAlso, sign up for frequent flyer programs. They will alert you when they have special offers. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"Groupon.com",
"LivingSocial.com"
]
] |
||
7asg5q
|
in a single-engine propeller airplane - what counters the rotational force of the propeller?
|
As the single propeller spins to provide thrust, I would expect the body of the plane to spin (to some extent) as a reaction. What counters this?
In a helicopter this is accomplished by the tail rotor.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7asg5q/eli5_in_a_singleengine_propeller_airplane_what/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dpcfaap",
"dpcgcw8",
"dpchru0",
"dpcn07k"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
3,
9
],
"text": [
" > As the single propeller spins to provide thrust, I would expect the body of the plane to spin (to some extent) as a reaction. What counters this?\n\nAircraft have wings with flaps on them which can counter the roll induced by the rotation of the propeller. Throttling the engine up or down can easily be countered by adjusting the flaps to keep the aircraft level.",
"The same flight controls on the wings which you'd use to rotate/bank the plane in flight. \n\nHelicopters could use similar techniques, except this only works when air is flowing over the wings, in other words the plane is moving forwards. Helicopters are supposed to be able to hover, so they need something that works while \"stationary\" (relative to the air). ",
"This is counteracted by aileron trim. The faster your engine is spinning the faster you go so the stronger force from the trim counteracts the stronger spin from higher engine speed. You can set this trim to be dynamic with a function so you have say 1% trim at 5% throttle and only 2% at 100%.",
"Single engine planes do in fact have a tendency to try to turn in the opposite direction of the propeller. In most aircraft the the propeller turns clockwise from the pilot's perspective resulting in the plane trying to turn left. Here's a good article explaining the forces that constantly try to make a single engine plane turn left: _URL_1_\n\nPilots counteract this tendency by using the rudder. The rudder is attached to the vertical part of the tail and moves left and right like the rudder of a boat: _URL_2_\n\nDuring takeoff and climb, when the speed of the aircraft is low and the propeller is producing full thrust, the left turning tendency is particularly pronounced. During this phase of flight, the pilot will maintain constant pressure on the right rudder pedal with their right foot to keep the nose pointed straight. (More powerful aircraft will have stronger left turning tendencies. I've read there was an aircraft in WWII whose pilots were identifiable by their large right calf.)\n\nExperienced pilots can feel when the rudder pressure is just right but newer pilots should be glancing at their \"inclinometer.\" The inclinometer is basically just like a level you would buy at home depot. It's a little tube filled with fluid and a rubber ball that slides back and forth. When the pilot applies the rudder just right, the ball will be in the middle. If they are not pushing the right rudder pedal enough, the ball will slide to the right. Flight instructors are constantly reminding their students to \"step on the ball\" during takeoff and climb. _URL_0_\n\nMost planes are designed so that at typical cruise speeds and power settings, the turning tendency is \"trimmed out\" so you don't have to press the rudder pedals for the whole flight. This often results in a right turning tendency when the engine isn't turning very quickly, such as during descent. In most aircraft the pilot will need to apply pressure to the left rudder pedal during descent. \n\nSome aircraft are equipped with \"rudder trim.\" It's a little tab on the rudder that aerodynamically holds the rudder in a certain position so the pilot doesn't have to. It's usually adjusted by a knob in the cockpit. In every plane I've flown that has one, the rudder trim is very finnicky and sensitive. Ideally somebody manages to set it just right so you don't need rudder pedals during cruise and then it's never touched again. People don't like when you mess with the rudder trim because it's a PITA to get it set juuuuust right again.\n\nMany twin engine aircraft have counter rotating propellers, and therefore no turning tendencies. As a result, pilots upgrading to these aircraft often have to unlearn their habit of applying right rudder during takeoff and climb."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.cfinotebook.net/graphics/avionics-and-instruments/turn-coordinator/turn-coordinator.jpg",
"http://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/aerodynamics/4-left-turning-tendencies/",
"http://www.cfinotebook.net/graphics/operation-of-aircraft-systems/flight-controls/Rudder-System.jpg"
]
] |
|
1wgm8j
|
how snakes reproduce
|
I cannot think of anything reasonable to explain this with, to my toddler. It is quite infuriating and I thought ELI5 could help.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1wgm8j/eli5_how_snakes_reproduce/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cf1r90h"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"The male snake wraps around the female to restrain her then lines up their reproductive organs and inserts. Once that happens the female stops resisting, they lay there for a while and once the male is done with his business he lets her go."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
fez8nt
|
why is chicken meat called chicken and lamb meat called lamb, but cow meat is called beef (not ‘cow’) and pig meat is called pork (not ‘pig’)?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fez8nt/eli5_why_is_chicken_meat_called_chicken_and_lamb/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fjtc50z",
"fjtdivj",
"fju0ltd",
"fjv8ki1",
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"fjw4ty9"
],
"score": [
1366,
28,
69,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"When England was ruled by the Normans, their version of French was the language of nobles and (what would become) English was the language of the commoners. \n\nThus, noble things (like eating a fine meal) have Norman French names, and peasant things (like farming) have English names. \n\nMutton (sheep meat) comes from the Norman word for “sheep.” Beef comes from the Norman word for “cow.” And so on. \n\nThis extends to lots more vocabulary, too, like the Norman word for “house” comes to mean “rich man’s house” (mansion).",
"Because France. As the commenter before me mentioned, William the Conquerer, the first real king of England, hailed from a region called Normandy. Although not French, this region spoke a language that would eventually evolve into French. When old Will invaded England, he brought over his Norman buddies and made them all nobles. In the feudal system of the middle ages, nobles didn't do the farming, they just did the eating. As far as they were concerned, beef starts and ends its life as a slab of meat. Meanwhile, the Saxons - the peasant classes - were much closer to the animal part of the eating process, and also ate these meats less often too. The language spoken by the nobles and that of the peasants would remain pretty separate for a long time, but societal shifts towards the end of the feudal system saw peasants having the wealth to begin paying attention to what the upper classes were doing. Peasants *love* to emulate rich people (you need only look at how people today adore the Kardashians to see this), and among the many pieces of nobility that made its way to the peasants was having different words for the animal and the meat that comes from it. This same trickle-down culture is also the reason why upper class etiquette in Europe is quite so pompous and silly - because the peasants kept copying the rich people, and the rich people didn't like that so they kept making up more and more ridiculous rules to help differentiate themselves from the poor people.",
"As others have pointed out, after the Norman Inavsion of 1066, the nobles and land owners from Normandy spoke a different language than the local Saxon peasants.\n\nSo the cooks would describe to their masters (and guests) the meat dishes using the Norman names for the animals - words we today know as \"beef\", \"pork\", and \"mutton\". In the local marketplaces, the cooks would discuss the animals with farmers and butchers using the Saxon names for the animals - words we today know as \"cow\", \"pig\", and \"sheep\". Over time, the language as a whole retained the Saxon names to refer to the animals and gained the Norman names to refer to the meats from those animals prepared as food.\n\nWhy didn't this happen for chicken and fish? The nobles considered those to be peasant foods and didn't eat them. (Or so said the TV show where I learned the above)",
"Great question! I have a follow on question relating to this:\n\nWhy is it \"William the Conqueror\" in English, and \"Guillaume\" in French?\n\nYou'd think that his name would have been 'basterdized' like the Norman words that found their way into English vocabulary wouldn't you? So then why William and not something like Gwee-yome? \n\nI've tried to read up on it but all I get is that both names come from the German \"Wilhelm\". That's fine, and it makes sense, but I just don't understand how both names are pronounced so differently then, unless already at the time people understood it was different pronunciations of the same name?",
"When Travis wrote his letter for help at the Alamo, he mentioned that they had 20 beeves in the fort with them",
"I read an interesting book recently called ‘Some we love, some we hate, some we eat’ by Hal Herzog and in there it discusses that by doing this, it makes it easier to set the meat apart from the animal, this easier to eat.",
"The French words for cow, pig, sheep and chicken are boeuf(beef), porc(pork), mouton(mutton) and poulet(poultry).\n\nThose words entered the English language as words for food, but while beef and pork kept the same specific meanings they had, the definitions of mutton and poultry expanded to include other things. Nowadays, mutton refers to both sheep meat and goat meat, while poultry refers to any birds that you eat.\n\nBecause the words mutton and poultry refer to more things now, when you want to be specific, you have to say lamb or chicken if you want to differentiate the meat from stuff like goat or turkey."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
57ue1l
|
why do ketchup, salsa, marinara, and cocktail sauce taste vastly different despite all being tomato based?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/57ue1l/eli5_why_do_ketchup_salsa_marinara_and_cocktail/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d8v0hmx"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Ketchup - lots of sugars + tomato paste, probably more similar to cocktail sauce\nSalsa - chopped but not cooked and reduced tomatoes, hence fresh, plus added fresh, uncooked (in most cases) ingredients and (usually) Mexican chilies of some variety.\nMarinara - Cooked and reduced tomatoes plus added specifically Italian (basil, oregano, garlic, black pepper, etc.) spices blend.\nCocktail sauce - tomato paste + horsradish + other strong flavors.\n\nThe specific preparation and additives of each greatly effect its flavor."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2nzsdu
|
how come animals dont know that the tail theyre after is theirs?
|
i cant name an animal that doesn't chase its own tail. whats the deal.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2nzsdu/eli5_how_come_animals_dont_know_that_the_tail/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cmimtf1"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I giggle like a child every time I fart and it makes a funny noise. There's no reason, really. Often times younger animals chase their tales, while older ones tend not to. I think it's a playfull quality"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
16agpd
|
how numbing medications work.
|
How can it make you unable to feel anything?
EDIT: Also, how can doctors selectively choose only one area to numb?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/16agpd/eli5_how_numbing_medications_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c7u7ur1"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Nerves are like a network of tiny wires that carries pain signals from everywhere in your body to your brain, to alert you in case your body becomes injured or sick. Say your doctor wants to cut a mole off your arm. He or she may inject the area with a numbing medication. What this medication does is temporarily prevent the wires in that area from carrying a signal to the brain. When your brain doesn't receive the signal, you don't experience the pain. \n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
57fb03
|
why aren't organelles considered living?
|
In biology I was taught that cells are the smallest living units of life. However, why aren't the organelles considered living things? If they aren't considered living things, then what is the line drawn between living and non living things (e.g. What makes the cytoplasm living and organelles non living) Thanks!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/57fb03/eli5_why_arent_organelles_considered_living/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d8rjr0m",
"d8rthmn"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"For requirements to be considered alive, see: _URL_0_\nAs a bare minimum organelles can't reproduce on their own.\nMost organelles don't store the genetic information needed to make more of themselves. Even those that have their own DNA, like chloroplasts and mitochondria (which are thought to have evolved from bacteria that lived as parasites in other unicellular organisms), no longer store all the genes to replicate themselves. Instead they are stored in the nucleus. So mitochondria used to be alive, but not anymore.",
"Organelles are parts of eukaryotic cells. Just like we have a liver and a heart, eukaryotic cells have organelles. They are parts of the cell that do things for the cell but would not function on their own. If you take an organ out of a person, it can not live on its own. This is the same with organelles. They are parts of the eukaryotic cell but not individual living organisms. Bacteria do not have organelles and do not need them to survive. Basically, if it can replicate its own DNA and reproduce itself, it is living. This is why a virus is not considered to be living. Viruses typically need a host to replicate their genome and make viral particles.\n\nAn interesting note: Some organelles are thought to have originally come from the act of a cell taking in another cell (a cell taking up a bacterium that would later evolve into a mitochodrion). This is the symbiogenesis theory."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cell_Biology/Introduction/What_is_living#Seven_criteria"
],
[]
] |
|
upy0v
|
in a sterile vacuum would a sterilised body decompose?
|
Hypothetically if a body had no bacteria in it at all, absolutely nothing other than itself, in a vacuum with nothing else present would it decompose?
Basically what I'm asking is, do bodies decompose on their own or is it entirely down to bacteria that eats the body away?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/upy0v/in_a_sterile_vacuum_would_a_sterilised_body/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c4xhonm",
"c4xio3e",
"c4xipwd",
"c4xn2t6"
],
"score": [
4,
5,
18,
3
],
"text": [
"Are you planning on murdering someone?",
" > Hypothetically if a body had no bacteria in it at all, absolutely nothing other than itself, in a vacuum with nothing else present would it decompose?\n\nMost decomposition starts with the gut flora, commonly along the cecum. Unless you do a full sterilization within the GI tract (and all the other organs, for that matter), then perhaps we can proceed...\n\n > Basically what I'm asking is, do bodies decompose on their own or is it entirely down to bacteria that eats the body away?\n\nDecomposition commonly only refers to the active process of microbes breaking down dead tissue. In the absence of that, you won't get decomposition. Sure, you will have breakdown of macromolecules, but that's not really decomposition. In a vacuum, you will eventual freeze due to evaporative cooling, and ultimately mummify.",
"In your hypothetical situation, no, the body will not decompose. It would be, for all intents and purposes, mummified. The bacteria in our bodies require oxygen to decompose. \n\nThe body will be dessicated as water evaporates and is removed by the vacuum. It will eventually take on the appearance of mummies you see in museums. ",
"I feel like this would be better asked on /r/askscience "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
2x2htq
|
to what extent did the companies behind the keystone xl pipeline plan to engage in eminent domain abuse?
|
I had previously somewhat supported the approval of the Keystone XL pipeline on the grounds that industrial regulation was no reason to stand between a voluntary contraction between all involved parties. In some recent debates, I've heard claims that the construction would rely on some eminent domain abuse (government forcing the sale of private land to give to another private party) in order to complete its construction. Is this actually part of the plan for development? Why isn't this the cornerstone of the debate against it? So far, this has been the only argument on the opposition of Keystone XL that has swayed me.
Thanks!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2x2htq/eli5_to_what_extent_did_the_companies_behind_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cowbj2y"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"To some, it is a vital part of the issue. Personally, I don't have a problem with the pipeline, but I am disgusted with abuse of eminent domain. You rarely see people get mad about eminent domain abuse because frankly, people don't care about eminent domain seizure unless it's happening to them. In this particular case, most of the seizure would happen on large plots of land where the government would force an easement of a small amount of it. It's really hard for the average person to get behind this when it's much easier to demagogue the enviroment or job creation or geopolitics."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
6lqh4n
|
how is it that if i browse something on amazon on my pc, it shows up on my phone instagram feed as an ad?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6lqh4n/eli5_how_is_it_that_if_i_browse_something_on/
|
{
"a_id": [
"djvt5mg",
"djvu0v4",
"djvw0gj"
],
"score": [
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"someone (Amazon, google?) captures the search and ties it to you. They sell this information to advertisers who assume if you have looked for a nose hair trimmer on Amazon there is a greater chance they can sell you a nose hair trimmer",
"To piggyback off of the previous response, companies do build a profile of you based on your internet traffic. If you're signed in to Facebook on a tab in your browser, and unless you've disabled it in your privacy settings, Facebook can sort of follow you around the internet and make note of the things you see. So if you viewed an item on Amazon, Facebook took note and will show you ads for it or similar items. Since Instagram is owned by Facebook, it's natural they would share data, which is why you see ads for the same item on Instagram later if your Instagram and Facebook are connected.\n\nFacebook is not the only company that does this, I believe Google does it, too.",
"So Amazon works with Facebook to figure out who has visited their site and what products they saw. Amazon basically inserts a bit of code that pings Facebook so they can figure out which Facebook account visited what. Amazon then creates a advertisement campaign and says to show Amazon ads to what Facebook users that visited Facebook. And Facebook knows those users because of the Amazon/Facebook collaboration.\n\nSo how do you turn it off? Sign off Facebook and stay signed off, this will disable most of what Facebook can do to track you. There are also extensions that disable ad server pings and scripts.\n\nI have only named Facebook and Amazon here because Instagram is a Facebook company and Facebook will not share their user tracking data with any other company, you need to buy Facebook ads to use that data."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
449nm5
|
how does hard shell chocolate syrup work?
|
Bought this chocolate syrup that hardens once it's on the ice cream. Pretty cool I'm addicted, but how do they get it to do that?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/449nm5/eli5_how_does_hard_shell_chocolate_syrup_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"czolev9"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"From _URL_0_ \"... Like Magic Shell, Carvel’s Brown Bonnet chocolate topping instantly forms a hard shell around ice cream. And, just like Magic Shell, one of the main ingredients is coconut oil.\n\nTropical oils, including coconut, are naturally high in saturated fat—consisting of about 90 percent of the stuff. As Paula Figoni explains in her book How Baking Works: Exploring the Fundamentals of Baking Science, “the more saturated fatty acids in fat, the more solid the fat. Tropical oils are all solid at room temperature but will melt quickly if the room is too warm.” Coconut oil becomes solid at 70 degrees, melts at about 74 degrees, and freezes at 25 degrees. To maintain the chocolate coating in a liquid state before application, Carvel keeps its Brown Bonnet in a warmer. Similarly, the label on Magic Shell warns against refrigeration and recommends running the bottle under hot water before use.\"\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"chowhound.com"
]
] |
|
6sdwq2
|
during nazi occupations, why didn't jewish citizens just denounce judaism to blend in with the rest of the population?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6sdwq2/eli5during_nazi_occupations_why_didnt_jewish/
|
{
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"dlcahwy",
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"text": [
"You couldn't really denounce Judaism, as you are Jewish by Birth, meaning when your mother was a Jew so were you. The Nazis went to all extremes so you had to prove (with birth certificates and copies from other registries such as the Catholic church's) that you were in fact not Jewish by blood. Whether or not you were practicing the religion didn't matter.",
"Many tried. They were found out because the Nazis checked the birth records, or they were turned in by their neighbors who knew them from when they were openly practicing. ",
"Wouldn't have worked, the Nazis were not against Judaism as a religion, they were against Jewishness as an ethnicity -- a people. ",
"It was not a religious persecution, it was an ethnic purging. You cannot just renounce Judaism because it is your ethnicity, and by Nazi definitions if you had a single Grandparent that was Jewish you were Jewish. To \"renounce\" that you would not only have to give up your religion but you would have to forge birth records, church baptismal and communion records, etc. A few were able to do this complicated thing, but it was not something available to the general Jewish populace as you seem to think. ",
"Because \"Jews don't get to decide if they are Jewish.\" The Nazis were doing the defining, and their definition had to do with family lineage, and not synagogue attendance. I don't have a link, but there's a story of a catholic nun being rounded up and executed as a \"Jew\" because one of her grandparents were Jewish.",
"Another thing missing here is being a heretic. To renounce ones faith is to renounce God. \n\nJudaism has no one official formulation of dogma against which heresy can be defined, it has no clear-cut definition of heresy. But, one can still be labeled a heretic or apostate, for various reasons, not officially listed in writing but rather agreed upon by the temple and rabbis/community. \n\nAnd then there is the age old \"Honor\" of dying for ones religious faith and not renouncing God or ones faith. Many of the catholic saints are granted sainthood because of this. Now, we do not have saints in the catholic sense, but rather k’doshim and speak of their Kiddush HaShem. Basically your life and devotion proves you are a good person who devoted your life to God and his teachings. ",
"You can't really denounce being an ethnic Jewish person. That's like asking why slaves didn't just denounce being African to obtain freedom in America 300 years ago. ",
"It's not like timing would have mattered. Nazis started identifying registering and recording Jews decades before the war and the Holocaust. It's hard to say you're not Jewish when for the past 5 years you were a registered Jew and lived in same house as registered Jews in the Jewish ghetto.",
"Some actually tried this. However, under the Nuremberg laws, if you had a grandparent who was Jewish, regardless of whether you even looked the part, you were classified as Jewish. Interestingly enough though, and forgive me if this is going off on a tangent, there was a sure fire way to stay out of the camps. Namely, any jewish man who served with the kriegsmarine, was off limits to arrest. If a jewish man, serving for the kriegsmarine, could get a \"German Blood Certificate\" (which is basically saying you were born in Germany), then service with the kriegsmarine was not only possible, but common. Vice Admiral Bernhard Rogge was Jewish, just for example. Erich Raeder devotes an entire chapter to this in his memoirs, where he basically spells out why the Jewish sailors were off limits. It basically boiled down to the head of the kreigsmarine (before Doenitz) essentially telling Hitler, that if the gestapo started arresting his sailors, then not a single ship, nor submarine would ever leave port. Hitler backed down, and while Doenitz never pressed the issue himself, he did seem to support the prior decision.\n\nedit: Minor note here, but I believe the protection of the sailor extended to his immediate family, ie his wife and children. However I am not one hundred percent certain on this. However, it's worth noting that of the entire kriegsmarine, something like five percent of the sailors could claim jewish ancestry. ",
"Judaism is not [edit: *just*] a religion, it is also a cultural and ethnic *identity*. You can't renounce/denounce your DNA and blood. The Nazis didn't care about *belief* in Judaism, they were trying to wipe out anyone with Jewish blood in their veins to achieve some sort of \"racial purity\".\n\nThe Nazis loved the \"show me your papers\" thing, which was extremely difficult to dodge given the Nazis' record-keeping skills, and if you had more than some threshold of Jewish blood - 25%, I think? one grandparent? - you were Jewish. They took calipers and measured noses and skull shapes, and if they were outside of some Aryan ideal, you were Jewish. They recorded eye color and hair color, to show how far Jews, Roma, people with disabilities or handicaps, and anyone with a different color of skin were from the Nazi ideal of a pure blonde-haired and blue-eyed Aryan race.\n\nEven today, as it has been for a couple of thousand years, Judaism is more of an identity than a religion. They didn't have the option of tearing up a book or trampling a flag or swearing conversion to some other more acceptable religion. The Nazis gave zero fucks what you did or didn't believe... if you had \"impure\" blood in your veins you were a target.",
"What you are thinking of did happen more commonly in Europe during the Inquisition and other religious persecutions. That is why you have so many families in Europe with secretly jewish roots that they have been rediscovering in recent generations.\n\nBut with the Nazis, as others have pointed out, it was more of an ethnic purge, where any Jewish ancestor would have gotten you a train ticket to the wrong destination.",
"Quick story.\n\nWhen I was stationed in Germany, I made friends with a family from Israel. Jewish Dad was there working for a company that makes circuit boards. They sent their daughter to the American department of defense school (Paid tuition to do so).\n\nPart of German taxes, apparently, was that some of your salary must go to a church. JD didn't want to pay taxes to a church. The German tax department told him that because he is a Jew, he could send it to a synagogue. He said that he is an athiest. (Not sure if that is true or not). They said, well you're still a Jew so you must pay it to a synagogue. He said that he wasn't a Jew, he was an Israeli. Eventually he won and didn't have to pay the tax.",
"To my understanding, it wouldn't matter if you denounced your own faith during the Nazi occupation, because your birth records would be observed, and if you less than 3 generations non-Jewish (meaning that someone converted or such, and the other generations followed as well) you would still be considered to have Jewish blood in you."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
4i334x
|
what is the mechanism for breathing
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4i334x/eli5what_is_the_mechanism_for_breathing/
|
{
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"d2umw6h",
"d2uoeca"
],
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3,
2
],
"text": [
"I am not sure what you are asking. \n\nIf you mean how do things like humans get air physically inside of us, we do it through a bellows like muscle called a diaphragm. Basically, it moves down reduces pressure on the lungs. The lungs expand and that action creates partial vacuum which makes air move in. Then the action flips, lungs shrink, and we exhale\n\nIf you mean how do we get it into our blood, we have tiny blood vessels that get close to the surface and exchange oxygen using the iron in our blood.\n\nOther animals may do this differently. Our design is one of many.",
"Gasses can dissolve in liquids, it's how we make soft drinks! \n\nWe need a lot of oxygen though so we also make a special assembly of protein called haemoglobin. It's basically like a basket that holds oxygen. So oxygen dissolves in the liquid lining your lungs, migrates into the blood stream where it's picked up by these baskets which let more dissolve as they carry it somewhere else. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
1hkjdi
|
the importance of the shrödinger's cat experiment
|
To me it just sounds like the same question as "if a tree falls in a forest with no-one around, does it make any noise"
But then I heard on the news there were equations made out of it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1hkjdi/eli5_the_importance_of_the_shrödingers_cat/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cav7hot",
"cav7ug0"
],
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11
],
"text": [
" > To me it just sounds like the same question as \"if a tree falls in a forest with no-one around, does it make any noise\"\n\nNot at all. The point of Schrodinger's cat is to show that quantum systems don't behave intuitively like classical systems. Weird shit happens that isn't very easy to explain.\n\n > But then I heard on the news there were equations made out of it?\n\nAre you referring to the Schrodinger equation? Because it really has nothing to do with Schrodinger's cat.",
"Schroedinger's cat isn't a real experiment or anything. It's something that he made up to illustrate the \"weirdness\" of quantum mechanics after he'd come up with a lot of the equations and stuff.\n\nThe [Schroedinger equation](_URL_0_) is the foundation of quantum mechanics. I know that looks really scary, but don't worry, I'm not going to go into detail about what all those funny letters are, except for Ψ.\n\nWhat it basically says is that there's something called a wave function, denoted by Ψ (the greek \"psi,\" pronounced \"sigh\"), which describes the state of a particle (or system of particles). The state of a particle contains all of the information we care about: where it is, where it's going, if it's spinning, it energy, stuff like that.\n\nWhat we do in quantum mechanics is solve for Ψ. It's some sort of equation, but we don't necessarily know what it is, because it depends on the parameters of the system (mostly, that V term).\n\nThe tricky thing, though, is that Ψ is not like most equations in physics. In \"regular\" physics, you have some information (say, a speed), you plug some numbers into a formula, and another number pops out, which is your answer.\n\nΨ, however, doesn't do that. What it tells us is *probabilities*, not explicit (definite) answers. If you have Ψ, you can say where a particle is likely to be, or where it's likely to be going, but you can't know for certain; there's an inherent randomness in quantum mechanics that's totally unavoidable.\n\nNow, if you *measure* the system, what happens is that it \"collapses\" to some definite value. Basically, you poke it, and it stops being probabilistic (temporarily). So, if I have some quantum system and I measure where the particle is, I will get a clear answer, but the answer I get may be different if I measure it again a while later. More formally, if you set up an ensemble (group) of identical systems, and measure them all, you'll get different (seemingly random) results for each individual system, and the distribution of the results you got will match the wave function for that system.\n\nSo, cycling back to Schroedinger's cat: the idea is that if you put a cat in a box, and there's some quantum system that may or may not kill the cat (because it's probabilistic, like flipping a coin), we can't know whether the cat is alive or dead until we open the box. It's not that the cat is either alive or dead, and we just don't know, it's that the cat is alive or dead depending on the wave function, and the wave function doesn't collapse until we measure the system by opening the box, so the cat is neither alive or dead, it's a weird mix of both.\n\nNow, in reality, this wouldn't work; the cat is genuinely either alive or dead regardless of whether or not we open the box, because the poison or whatever is constantly interacting with stuff around it, and thus being \"measured.\" It's a \"thought experiment,\" which is sort of like an analogy; physicists use them to make more sense of weird phenomena in their head, but they aren't really things that are physically possible. Einstein, for example, liked to think about trains traveling at the speed of light, and even though that's obviously not possible, it helped him grapple with his ideas in a clearer way."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://kirraweehighphysics.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/equation.jpg"
]
] |
|
a9rcd1
|
how does breathing turn the oxygen into carbon dioxide?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a9rcd1/eli5_how_does_breathing_turn_the_oxygen_into/
|
{
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"eclqpy4",
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"text": [
"It's not breathing that does turns the oxygen into carbon dioxide, it's the cells of your body that does it. You breathe oxygen into your lungs. Your lungs have a bunch of blood vessels in them that pick up the oxygen. Your blood distributes this oxygen to all of the cells in your body. Your cells use this oxygen to function and produce carbon dioxide as a waste product. Your blood cells take this CO2 back to your lungs where it gets dropped off before picking up a fresh batch of oxygen. When you exhale the waste CO2 comes out.",
"Breathing doesn't turn the oxygen into CO2, that part happens throughout your body via the krebs cycle. Breathing just exchanges the CO2 in your blood for O2, which gets transported back to your organs and muscles. \n\nThe carbon comes from the food you eat.",
"Your body is actually using the oxygen from the air as a catalyst to break down sugars and get the energy from them. We use the oxygen to “burn” glucose and get the energy it’s holding. \n\nGlucose is the product of photosynthesis in plants. Plants take the energy from sunlight and use it to combine carbon dioxide with water and turn it into glucose as a way to store sunlight to use later. When they do that, oxygen is the byproduct. As animals, we aren’t able to get energy from sunlight so we eat the sunlight stored in the plants, hit it with some oxygen to reverse the process and we get a little jolt of energy with water and carbon dioxide as the byproduct. This process is called cellular respiration. Our bodies have no use for all that carbon dioxide and so it collects back in our lungs and we breathe it out."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
1y4dc9
|
why can some people handle really hot foods and others cannot?
|
I understand that one can build a bit of tolerance to spicy foods (i used to not be able to eat mild wings and now i can handle a few hot), but how can there be such a variance? Is it similar to sight/hearing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1y4dc9/eli5_why_can_some_people_handle_really_hot_foods/
|
{
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"cfh93nq",
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"text": [
"Because pain levels are subjective. It's the same as some people being able to handle being punched in the face better than others.",
"Tolerance (especially if from a young age), along with general genetics and evolution. ",
"You should use the term \"spicy\" rather than \"hot\", which is ambiguous. Obviously spicy foods are not necessarily hotter in terms of temperature."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
4z97gh
|
why are there little to no 7, 9 or 11 cylinder engines?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4z97gh/eli5_why_are_there_little_to_no_7_9_or_11/
|
{
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"text": [
"Because they would be too long to fit into a car's engine bay... because of the odd number of cylinders, they'd need to be an inline engine or else they'd suffer from terrible wobbling. 8,10 and 12 cylinder engines are V-shape, w/ two rows of cylinders.",
"they would be inherently unbalanced, in the majority of engine designs a lot of the vibration from the pistons moving up and down is directly canceled out by another piston. In 3 and 5 cylinder engines there is one piston that isn't being canceled out, to solve this problem they add a balance shaft which is a bar with weights to counter this rotation. If you wanted you could build 7, 9, and 11 cylinder engines with similar solutions except for one problem. Packaging, there is only so much space in the engine compartment and many cars already struggle to fit an inline 6 engine in them even though they fit a v8. an inline 7,9, or 11 cylinder engine (which would be as balanced as those designs could be) would be way too long to fit under the hood of most cars. also the cultural preference for V8 and 6 cylinder engines plays a small part",
"odd-number cylinder engines are configured in a straight line, which means the more cylinders it has, the longer it is. An inline 7 cylinder would be about the same length as a V-12 if they have the same bore diameter, but would produce much less horsepower. \n\nBy offsetting the cylinders of large engines in a V pattern, they can increase horsepower and torque output in the same or less space, compared to inline configurations.\n\nThe largest odd-number cylinder engine I have ever seen was in a Mercedes-Benz 300 Diesel, which had a 3.0L Inline 5 cylinder.",
"Note that radial engines (used in older airplanes, typically) *do* have an odd number of cylinders.",
"Well, there are - you just don't see them in cars. Most radial engine designs have to be of an odd number of cylinders to function properly. It's an airplane thing. Some great instruction youtubes out there explain it."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
1nczes
|
how can goldfish survive being frozen and brought back to life?
|
I saw a gif on the front page and saw this youtube [video](_URL_0_) (gold fish in liquid nitrogen). Can someone explain how this is possible?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1nczes/eli5_how_can_goldfish_survive_being_frozen_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cchg1c6"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"In the video, the fish only experiences a very brief freezing. Notice the phrase being repeated, 'he was in there *too long*'. The fish could have died had it remained in the liquid nitrogen for too long.\n\nHowever, in a pond: as long as the pond is deep enough and only gets a thin layer of ice, the water at the bottom will only cool off to 4° C. Goldfish can survive at that temperature in a state of semi-hibernation where they eat almost nothing. When the weather warms up in the spring they start eating again and carry on as normal. \n\nIf the pond freezes solid - they will be fish popsicles."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwolYFGM9pU"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
35e6qz
|
why don't we wear our socks inside out i.e so that the smooth and comfortable parts are in direct contact with our feet (as opposed to the tangly knitting conventional way?)
|
As the above states. Is there a reason, other than how it looks, as to why we don't wear socks inside out so that the soft, smooth part is in contact with our feet.
Please note: I am talking about normal white, everyday socks. I think they're named tubed??
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/35e6qz/eli5_why_dont_we_wear_our_socks_inside_out_ie_so/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cr3k7u3",
"cr3k89l",
"cr3lksz",
"cr3lqhr",
"cr3nuq5",
"cr3q5ta"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
6,
2,
25,
12
],
"text": [
"Actually, I do. They are in the shoes, anyway, and I don't like the seam against my feet. Nobody who matters cares. ",
"That's how I wear them. Give it a go and get ready to act surprised when people keep pointing out the 'error' of your ways.",
"You need to buy some different socks if the ones you have are more comfortable inside-out. They really shouldn't be.",
"I am under the impression that their design when worn as intended helps wick away moisture from your feet, so flipping them inside out will remove that benefit. But if they are uncomfortable maybe that is worthwhile.",
"Socks are designed to be a friction interface between your feet and your shoes. they cling to your feet so that only the sock part moves in relation to your shoe, thus protecting your skin. \n\nBy having the outside rubbing surface fuzzy, the sock will quickly become frayed and you will get holes in your socks.\n\nFor indoor use it's even worse as the tiny loops catch on the floor and rip.",
"Socks do two main things: reduce friction and move moisture away from your foot.\n\nThe smooth side reduces friction between the sock and your shoe. This helps prevent blisters.\n\nThe piled side is designed to have as much surface area as possible. When something gets wet, the water will spread out evenly over the surface of the material. The more surface area, the more water is drawn away from your feet."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
e5q2ln
|
what motivates riot police to be against the people of their own country and protect the government, even if they don't like the political situation?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e5q2ln/eli5_what_motivates_riot_police_to_be_against_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"f9l9spo",
"f9lacwt"
],
"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Many people are beneficiaries of the regime, receive favorable treatment from the regime, or are threatened with reprisal against their loved ones if they fail to support the regime.",
"What makes you think that riot police generally \"don't like the political situation\" ?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
7vp8e0
|
how big is a lagrange point? how far from the center of a lagrange point can an object get before it no longer qualifies as "at the lagrange point" and develop a separate orbit?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7vp8e0/eli5_how_big_is_a_lagrange_point_how_far_from_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dtu1j41",
"dtu3ole"
],
"score": [
3,
8
],
"text": [
"They are **points** which means they have no size. Something can be considered to be \"at the point\" if its movement is dominated by the attraction to that point as opposed to its own momentum.",
"Objects near the stable (L4 and L5) Lagrange points will \"orbit\" the points, following a roughly elliptical path centered on the point.\n\nIn general, objects in orbit near a 2-body system will approximately follow the contours in this diagram:\n\n_URL_0_\n\nYou can see that if you get too far from L4 or L5, you'll follow a path that swings round L4, goes around the \"back side\" of the central body, swings around L5, and back again. This is known as a [horseshoe orbit](_URL_1_), and several solar system objects are in this sort of orbit.\n\nIf you're asking for the actual distance at which a stable Lagrange orbit opens up into a horseshoe orbit, that depends on the mass and distance of the two main bodies."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point#/media/File:Lagrange_points2.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_orbit#/media/File:Lagrange_Horseshoe_Orbit.jpg"
]
] |
||
1cp2tn
|
why are boston police searches in houses not considered breaches of the fourth amendment?
|
Do they not require warrants? They are going in and out of every house in the Watertown area
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1cp2tn/eli5_why_are_boston_police_searches_in_houses_not/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c9inuo0",
"c9inyam"
],
"score": [
11,
5
],
"text": [
"From Wiki's [article](_URL_0_) about the Fourth Amendment:\n > **Exigent circumstance**\n > \n*There are also \"exigent circumstances\" exceptions to the warrant requirement. Exigent circumstances arise when the law enforcement officers have reasonable grounds to believe that there is an immediate need to protect their lives, the lives of others, their property, or that of others, the search is not motivated by an intent to arrest and seize evidence, and there is some reasonable basis, to associate an emergency with the area or place to be searched.*",
"While exigent circumstances *might* explain these searches, odds are most of the searches are actually being done with the consent of the homeowner. I'm not sure about the scope of exigency when you're talking about an entire neighborhood being locked down and searched."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Exigent_circumstance"
],
[]
] |
|
78k5c9
|
fast charging
|
i read [this post](_URL_0_) and it got me thinking,, why do some smartphone/batteries support fast charging and some do not?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/78k5c9/eli5_fast_charging/
|
{
"a_id": [
"douguj5",
"dowd11q"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"There are a ton of variables when it comes to making batteries. What materials you use, what electrolytic solutions, how the cell is engineered, what voltage you run it at...\n\nHow quickly your battery charges is a function of all of these things, but the best combinations aren't always the cheapest. That's why only some companies use batteries good enough to fall into the \"quick charging\" category. ",
"Most of if not all fast charging tech are proprietary. So a company either need to develop their own tech or pay for licensing to have fast charging which they might not want to do if they're developing budget phones. And also using the tech itself cost more money than using old tech, which will also increase the cost. Not what you want for a budget phone.\n\nAlso, note that, it isn't as simple as \"use the high through put charger\" or \"have a 'fast charging' battery\". For example, Oneplus's fast charging is called Dash charge. What it does is that, it divide the battery into 2 cells and charge them simultaneously. The controller circuit, the type-c cord are all designed in-house to make it happen. Swapping the cord will basically disable the fast charging due to not using required pin arrangement. In your other comment, you mentioned swapping a fast charging battery of the same dimension will obviously not work in this case."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/78j74u/eli5_what_limits_how_quickly_a_battery_can_charge/?st=J966EBZP&sh=6c1ed188"
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
5opmg8
|
how do laser scanners at checkouts work? and how are the scanners by the door set off by unscanned items if they can't see the barcodes?
|
(I chose the 'Engineering' flair for this question because 'Magic' wasn't listed as an option)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5opmg8/eli5_how_do_laser_scanners_at_checkouts_work_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dcl1e2z",
"dclfzn3"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Theft detectors at the door are set off by magnets, not barcodes. Usually expensive items have some sort of theft prevention device that consists of a large magnet that can only be removed at the registers; if you don't buy it, it's not removed, and sets the alarm off. ",
"So it seems no one actually answered both questions. The scanners are just cameras that look at a bar code and take the pattern of the white lines and converts them into a number that the computer can find in a database to match to a product. The different spacing and thicknesses change the value. \n\nThe alarms at the door are scanning for rfid tags. They send out a radio signal that the rfid tags respond too. When the tags receive the signal they use it to power up a weak response signal that the alarms scan for. The magnets they swipe the tags over just wipe out the rfid tags. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
ysb8t
|
my son was watching adventure time (episode 21), which featured a tesseract; he asked me what the 4th dimension was, but i was at a loss trying to explain it in a way he'd understand. any help, reddit?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ysb8t/my_son_was_watching_adventure_time_episode_21/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c5ydrqx",
"c5ye3j1",
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],
"score": [
2,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Why can another person and I both walk through the same doorway to the supermarket without bumping in to each other? Because we do it at different times. Time is the dimension that lets us be in the same space location, but not run in to each other.\n\nDimensions are sort of like that, in general.",
"_URL_0_ \n\nWatch that video, that guy helped me understand greater dimensions ",
"It seems this is my time to shine. If you are just standing and facing forward, you can name 6 directions. In front of you, behind you, left, right, above and below. Also note that 3 of these directions are pretty much just the opposite of their counterparts. in a one dimensional system, you would only have 2 directions, in front and in back. it's like crawling through a really skinny tunnel. if there's someone in front of you, you have no way of moving around them, you just have to wait for them to move forward. but a 2 dimensional system is different. If someone is in your way, you can just take a step to the left or right, no need to wait for them. the reason being that you just got 2 new directions, left and right. And here's the important part: they point at 90 degree angles from the dimensions you already have. so if you are for some reason incapable of moving forward, then a slight movement in a new direction is likely to fix the problem. But now we came across a limbo bar. You can't move forward because you would hit the bar, and we can't have that. so you take a step to the left. nope, still blocked. To the right, then. That doesn't work either. What can we do? It seems we have to find a new direction. But what is at right angles to left and right, but also at right angles to front and back? Up and down. So we just move downward and that limbo bar is no longer in our way. now the directions available to us are forward, backwards, left, right, up and down. Welcome back to the 3rd dimension. but wait, note we've encountered a wall. Forward is impossible, left and right don't help, and neither do up or down. Now what? Seems we need another direction. But what's at right angles to forward and backwards, left and right, AND up and down? these are the extra directions found in the 4th dimension. Wikipedia says the technical names for these new directions are ana and kata. Move just a little bit in the ana direction and you can now step around the wall as easily as you stepped under the limbo stick. There are many more awesome things you can do with a 4th spacial dimension, but this comment is already too long so I will save that for another time. If you want to learn more, or simply fall in love with math, read Flatterland by Ian Stewart. \nSomewhat importantside note: this whole comment is assuming a 4th spacial dimension, and not a temporal dimension. Also, a tesseract is the 4D equivalent of a cube, and only its shadow can exist in a 3D universe. the awesome looking double cube thing we call a tesseract is really just it's shadow. \n\nTL;DR: find a direction perpendicular to the rest and you can walk through walls easier than steeping over a tape line. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MN4KC_zlW4g&feature=channel&list=UL"
],
[]
] |
||
4930se
|
how do you build a bridge in a rough terrain with 18th century technology? pic in detail
|
Hello, builders of reddit, I am talking about the bridge that popped up on the main page today: _URL_0_
Many people asked in the comments, but I have not seen a sensible answer, so I would like to ask here.
How do you build a such a bridge in such a steep terrain with 18th century technology? Internet states it started construction in 1751.
Thank you.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4930se/eli5how_do_you_build_a_bridge_in_a_rough_terrain/
|
{
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"text": [
"In general these stone arch bridges were built by putting up a wooden form for the arch. Then stones were set on the wood form to transfer the load down into stone foundations dug into the base of the bridge. The area behind the stone face was filled with rocks and mortar or concrete. Finally the road or viaduct was built on top and the wood form removed once the stone was carrying the weight.",
"Here's a neat little factoid about one method of building similar bridges where the base will be either underwater or close enough to the edge of a river that it is effectively under water. The stone base alone tends to want to push down, and is generally not evenly distributed, causing parts to sink down which is very very bad because this is the footing that the rest depends on. To counteract this effect they would cut many large logs in half the long way and rope together something like a raft with the flat sawn faces of a rot resistant wood such as hemlock. The river would be temporarily diverted for the lower levels to be built. The stone would be stacked upon our little raftlike platform. The logs would spread out a fair way farther than your stone base. This distributed the weight across a greater area. Think of the difference between trying to push one finger into wet sand as compared to putting your hand down flat and trying to push that through the sand. It is much much harder to push the whole hand. This is like one boulder vs. our raft. A few other nifty effects: the wood keeps the masons out of the mud and gives them a flat place to work. This is SO much safer and easier. And possibly the coolest part is the wood WANTS TO FLOAT. So when the stone is stacked on top the stone pushes down, when the river is released the platform pushes up, helping to keep the structure from sinking or shifting in several different ways. Added bonus: if you get wood wet and leave it out in the woods it will begin to decompose mostly due to various mycelium infecting it. These little guys are very similar to us in that they \"inhale\" oxygen, and \"exhale\" carbon dioxide. Fully submerged they can't do this. So you can think it like the major enemies of your raft can't breathe. The wood can last for centuries as long as it remains submerged. The other major enemy of wood also can't breathe there. Namely: fire. So you now have a well-balanced, stable, fireproof, rot-resistant form which weighs sometimes 100s of thousands of tons. Pretty nifty trick if you ask me.\nEdit: mycelium are not the only things that rot wood, just one of the most effective."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://imgur.com/JSpRcwL"
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2k9pz4
|
how is plastic recycled?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2k9pz4/eli5_how_is_plastic_recycled/
|
{
"a_id": [
"clj8zug"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It is sorted and then melted down. The dump where the trash goes they sort it out and pair like materials with like."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
e3od1m
|
how do the antiplagiarism mechanisms work in uni?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e3od1m/eli5_how_do_the_antiplagiarism_mechanisms_work_in/
|
{
"a_id": [
"f944psa"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"My honest answer is don't plagiarize... I know that's not what you wanted, but copying work in university will potentially get you kicked out, and with that on your record it will be harder to find another university that will accept you. \n\nAs for exact mechanisms, in my experience it is going to be at the discretion of the instructor to look up any questionable information you have used by putting it through a number of different sites that will automatically flag anything that is too close to someone else's published online/print work.\n\nCode is different from what I've seen. Most of the time you can find solutions to assignments on Chegg and instructors know that so they check to see how close your code matches that solution. But if you only include code that you were actually taught how to use in class, and turn what you didn't learn into something similar that you did learn to create the same functionality you should be fine."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1bf39h
|
how does the government gain access to emails and text messages? (with or without warrant)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1bf39h/eli5_how_does_the_government_gain_access_to/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c969s39"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Well with a warrant, or other legal way (permission) they can get it from the people who provide that service. Google, Your internet provider, or your cell phone provider. \n\nWithout a warrant, they can still get it with the permission of those running the service (in some cases), but if they don't have that, then they might have to analyze information sent along the actual internet traffic to pick it up. I believe there is a location where the NSA did/does just that:\n\n_URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room_641A"
]
] |
||
3hawwn
|
why do nonprofit colleges & universities with absolutely huge endowments still charge so much in tuition?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3hawwn/eli5_why_do_nonprofit_colleges_universities_with/
|
{
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"text": [
"Universities exist not only to educate but in order to conduct research.\n\nStudents are willing to pay market rates for the degree and a healthy endowment funds all sorts of programs thst are not covered by tuition.\n\n\n\n",
"[Some don't.](_URL_0_)\n\nIf you don't have time to check out the planet money podcast on it, they talk about the sticker price of colleges and the real price most people pay. There is a huge difference between the stated price of tuition and what most people pay, some universities recently have gone as far as to make this very public recently. For those admitted to Stanford, if your families income is less thank 125k, tuition is free. \n\nThe biggest misconception about Colleges and Universities with huge endowments is that they got this huge sums through their tuition and fees. The reason they are so well endowed is through alumni giving. \n\nWell endowed Colleges and Universities are looking for students that not only who they think will be successful in their chosen field, they are *sometimes* looking at their potential to give back to the school in the future.",
"The answer to every single question like this is simply \"Because they can\"\n\nNon profit does not mean that they don't make money it only means that the money they do make has to be spent within the non profit and can not be set aside as profit. My girlfriend works at a small non profit university (legit school though not one of those diploma mills) and the amount of money they spend on some things is insane. \n\nExample: A non profit brings in 1 million a year. They spend 500 thousand on faculty because \"they need to hire the best people\" they then spend 400 thousand on marketing and awareness (if you don't spend a lot on \"awareness\" then you don't get as many donors and you don't get as much money) They then have 100 thousand left over to spend on charitable work minus the logistic costs of actually providing that charity. On top of that the outside companies that the charity often hires to do the marketing, logistical work, and consulting are often owned at least in part by the same people who own the charity (or their friends). In that way much of the money the \"non profit charity\" brings in in donations is actually funneled to very much for profit business with clear conflicts of interest associated with the charity. \n\nThis is certainly not the way all non profits work and not all of them have such blatant conflicts but most tend to have conflicts to varying degrees on some level. Remember non profit does not mean they don't make money. It just means that all the money they do make has to be spent within the organization and can not be held out as \"profit\". This often leads to high salaries, extravagant spending, and lots of money spent on outside consulting from for profit companies. \n\nEdit: The people running these places are not as cut and dry sleazy as it might seem. They think to themselves \" I work hard and deserve a competitive salary\", \"we need to hire the best people and can only do so with the best pay\", \"We need some consulting work done, I'll call my friend who has always wanted to open that consulting firm. I'll be helping the non profit and my friend. I'm so smart\", \"If we don't spend a lot of money on marketing, image, and awareness then no one will know who we are or we will lose out to another competitor who does market themselves harder\" etc. etc. etc. You don't often have to look to hard to find justifications to spend the money once you are in charge of it. ",
"Firstly, donors are part of the \"problem.\" A lot of that money in the endowment was given for specific uses. If an alum gives millions for a new athletic center, the school can't use that money to reduce your tuition. Donating to build a new fancy thing is more attractive than donating to reduce tuition. Also, realize that the overwhelming majority of the money is given by the ultra-rich. Reducing tuition is just not necessarily very important to them. They want to build a fancy building with their name on it. They want to cure cancer. They want to support the team they used to play on.\n\nAnother point: spending down the endowment puts the university in a difficult position when the economy takes a downturn. So their internal rules typically allow them to only spend a certain small percentage of the endowment each year. These rules typically cannot be changed without going through the board of trustees. So, the University's budget in your example is not 30 billion dollars. They only withdraw a small fraction of that each year, and it is typically based on how well the stock market did over the past few years.\n\nAnd then they have to decide on priorities: do they use that budget to lower tuition, or do they use it to build a new brain science lab, or a new athletic center? Since the top schools compete with each other, there are a lot of pressures to spend that money on the new lab or the new athletic center. Oh, and by the way, all that infrastructure they built in the 1950's for the post-war expansion is now falling apart and needs to be fixed (or completely rebuilt).\n\nFinally, students are also part of the \"problem\" here. When prospective students choose their school, are they likely to choose the school with the lower tuition, or the school with the new lab in their field, the modernized dining hall, and the new athletic center?\n\nThat said, there are some schools which have aggressively lowered tuition instead of building those fancy things. If that's the kind of school you want to support, research them, find them, apply to them, go to them ... and donate to them.",
"Non profit just means there's no profit related bonuses or shareholders. It doesn't state a board, owner or whatever can't have amazing pay, from what I gather anyway. \n\nHarvard also spends a metric ton on research, tuition aid, etc.",
"To some extent you might be conflating two issues. The Harvards of the world are not graduating the students with $120,000 in loans. But let's dig deeper.\n\n**ENDOWMENT:** Endowments themselves aren't meant to be spent. They are meant to stay as an untouched pool of funds to be invested. Pretend your grandma gave you $100. Instead of spending the $100 on toys, you invest the $100 with the idea that you will never spend it. The proceeds (the interest made on those investments) are what's available for spending. \n\nSo let's say you earn 8% on grandma's money--you have $8 to spend on toys next year. Does this sound like a crap deal to you? You could have spent $100 but you're only getting $8, which hardly buys a decent lego set. HOWEVER! The idea is that you will get $8 every year, instead $100 just once. That's why you (and colleges) do this.\n\nHowever, there are limitations on that $8 in interest. For example, some people give money with designations, such as for acquisitions for the museum, or for the study of a particular field. Like your grandmother may have said, \"this is just for books, not toys\" so your $8 would have to go books. Universities therefore cannot legally put all the proceeds from those funds directly towards reducing your tuition. Also, it is widely accepted that some portion of those proceeds will NOT be spent--they will go back into the endowment so it will continue to grow. So instead of spending the whole $8 on toys (or books, thanks to grandma) you might spend $4 and the remaining $4 gets added to the $100 so you'll get interest in $104 next year. Which means if you get 8% interest again, you'll get $8.32 instead of just $8, and then you'll spend $4.16 and put $4.16 back in so your endowment grows to $108.16. You can see how this adds up each year.\n\nEndowments can help fund a lot of things and probably *do* reduce the tuition they might otherwise charge. For example, since you had grandma's $4 to spend on books, that meant you could spend some of your own money on Pokemon cards or lego instead of books. \n\nWorth mention: A few colleges have been tuition-free due to large endowments set up for that purpose. Olin, Rice, Cooper Union used to be that way. It was not sustainable for them. That said, it's valid to question why those endowments funds can't free up more money so tuition can be reduced. Where this has happened, typically colleges have chosen to discount tuition for just a select group of students, usually who fall beneath a certain family income level. Stanford, Harvard, many other schools with large investments have rolled out plans like this.\n\n**LOANS** I don't understand what you mean by \"raise tuition to the very limit of student loan rates.\" I can't really address that without understanding the statement better. \n\nBut speaking to loans generally, loans are just one form of financial aid. If you have financial need (meaning your family's income & assets have been determined, via formula, to be insufficient to cover the cost of a particular college), then a college have some leeway in how they help you fill that need. Some don't help much at all (meaning you or your parents may have to go look for loans on the market), or their help is an aid package that includes a high amount of student loans. But some other schools, particularly the ones you're describing with large endowments, offer grants to meet the need and reduce (or even eliminate) the need for students to take out loans. When you read about students with crazy loan levels? They're not coming from Harvard or another school with a $30b endowment.\n\nBy the way, student loans aren't inherently terrible. A modest amount of loan isn't bad because you're making an investment in your future, and it will more than pay off in the long run. Self-help aid can help ensure that a student is engaged and accountable. It's the high level of loans that are problematic, and when schools (and students) don't limit loans it's bad.\n\nWhen the media writes about the worst issues with U.S. higher education costs and student loans, they're frequently zeroing in on a certain type of school that provides the kind of horror stories that make for great reading. Not all schools operate the same way or offer the same aid (or lack of it). Huge loans are not inescapable. You don't have to accept that model of financing your degree. \n\nI can't emphasize this enough, as someone who works in (and studied) higher education: Students must vote with their feet. People are under-informed and think one aid package is like another. Alarmist media stories reinforce this. So does the concept of a \"dream school,\" where you think there's one place you can be happy and you have to be there no matter how unaffordable. You can do it cheaper, you can refuse to patronize schools which don't make college truly affordable for students with need, and have unrealistic expectations about loans. Don't enroll. ",
"Tuition isn't a function of cost, it's a function of how much that university wants you there. If you have the right grades, extracurriculars, and social background you'll find that that number doesn't apply to you. If you want to go to a school more than they want you there you'll find it does.\n\nIt's a method of discouraging people that school has deemed a marginal or \"I could go either way on this student.\"\n\nThis applies to schools with large endowments that would have no trouble filling all the chairs. Your local state school may or may not fit this profile fully.",
"Because they can. If people stopped paying, or couldn't afford to pay (thanks to subsidized student loans) then tuition would have to drop. Instead, we just keep making student loans easier to get and keep driving the cost up along with the debt load for college grads.",
"Harvard has a handy calculator to figure out what the real tuition cost is for people in different family situations.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nThe sticker price of an education at Harvard is pretty shocking, but you should take into account that many student only actually pay a fraction of that.\n\nFor an example, I tried this for a family of four with a combined income of 100k and 300k in savings. The estimated overall cost was about 13K per year. ",
"Harvard actually gives a huge amount of financial aid. People who go to Harvard don't graduate with students loans. That's true with most Ivies and NESCACs, which are the schools with huge endowments. Only the very wealthy pay the sticker price at good schools. The schools that are really expensive are mediocre private schools and to some degree state schools. I know for my family, my sister ended paying less for Wellesley (official tuition $45,078) than she would have for UConn, our local state school."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2012/05/11/152511771/the-real-price-of-college"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://college.harvard.edu/financial-aid/net-price-calculator"
],
[]
] |
||
2u0buq
|
why is it, when you sleep very long (12+ hours), your hair gets greasy faster than if you just slept 8 hours?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2u0buq/eli5why_is_it_when_you_sleep_very_long_12_hours/
|
{
"a_id": [
"co3y385",
"co3ygsa",
"co3zmkp",
"co3zvek"
],
"score": [
3,
4,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"I'm really gonna need this to be answered. It seems like my hair gets greasier while I'm sleeping than when I'm awake and working, too!",
"You need to wash your pillow case more often",
"I assume it's because of all the oil that has rubbed off over time onto your pillowcase. Wash it more often. ",
"First of all, sleeping longer means you are more likely to get too hot causing you to sweat. So your hair is not more greasy, its just more sweatier. Second, wash your pillowcase as several others have stated. Plus, if your face tends to be oily in the first place, and your hair is closer to your face when you are sleeping, you are rubbing the oil from your face onto your hair. During the day, hair tends to be pushed further away from the face, so less face oils in your hair. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
4w4ldz
|
why do some youtube videos require to you open them on the youtube website to play them, rather than being able to play linked or embedded videos? and why are some youtube videos unable to play on mobile. basically, why can't i watch any youtube video anywhere, at any time?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4w4ldz/eli5_why_do_some_youtube_videos_require_to_you/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d63xet7"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Youtube allows uploaders to disable things like embedding and fullscreen, for some reason. As for being unable to play on mobile, that's probably because youtube is a buggy piece of shit on mobile."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1f22wt
|
can someone explain the story of classic doctor who and the history of the great time war?
|
I've seen all of the 2005 to present day Doctor Who but I'm still confused on the backstory of the Great Time War and the story of Classic Doctor Who.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1f22wt/can_someone_explain_the_story_of_classic_doctor/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ca615ek",
"ca615k9"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"It happened between the previous series and the new one so, for the most part, everything that there is to know about it is included in the 2005-present show.",
"The time war is not explained during the classic series. It was something that happened between the classic series and the new one, and has only been elaborated on in brief mentions and a flashback or two. \n\nThere's been a lot of speculation that this will be the subject of this year's Christmas special, which is rumoured to be 120 minutes in length."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
1jbsq6
|
why do humans like things?
|
Is it due to a good experience shared with an object/individual, or something as simple as a visual impression?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1jbsq6/eli5_why_do_humans_like_things/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cbd3sdi"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"it's both of those things. An object can just plain be appealing in some way (visual, auditory, smells etc.), or it could be associated with a memory or it could remind someone of something in their past. Or the object could offer some kind of perceived advantage for the individual (a Porche makes you look rich and even if you personally dislike the object, you may like the status or attention the object provides you)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
aawz3i
|
ackermann function
|
Also what does primitive recursive mean? How Does the function relate to the hyperoperation hierarchy?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aawz3i/eli5_ackermann_function/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ecvst4w",
"ecw51jy"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"I hope I can help you with primitive recursion. So u have set of basic (primitive) functions which are just 3 I think. Constant, successor and projection. Each of these takes some input and produces output. The first one is pretty straightforward and always returns the same number doesn't matter what the input is. It can be any number you need to be returned. The second one returns the next element in the array. If we consider positive natural numbers (which is basically all you need in theory of computation) and we have input of 5 it will return 6 and so on. Then there is projection which is a bit more complicated but it takes a set of inputs and \"projects\" them on the set of outputs. Then there is a composition which basically says you can put functions together u can see that as chaining them sorta. \n\nWith all this you should be able to express any computable function. Let's say you want to perform addition 2+3 but you don't know what addition means. You have only your three basic functions. But. Addition is just adding one more times which is our successor function. You have input of 2 and then you call successor three times which will increment (or we can say return following element from array) three times which then gives us 5. With this you have proven that the addition can be expressed only with primitive functions so addition is primitive recursive. Now that you have proven that addition is primitive recursive you can go on and try multiplication. First ask yourself what is multiplication. It's is just addition performed more times. \n\nAnd this goes on and on from the simplest functions to the most complicated. Hope this helps somehow. This whole topic is kinda complicated and too abstract to get into. But the start is the hardest. I suggest you try to understand these basics maybe try to express subtraction, division and some other simple operations and them move on.",
"Being primitive recursive means that recursion is not *necessary* to describe the function. That is to say the is some fixed sequence of steps you can write down to describe what happens. The Ackerman function is special because it can only be described with recursion. There is no fixed sequence of steps."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
c23ol6
|
what exactly is happening when a volume dial breaks and starts turning the volume up instead of down or vice versa?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c23ol6/eli5_what_exactly_is_happening_when_a_volume_dial/
|
{
"a_id": [
"erisdak"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Do you mean a rotating volume dial, like found on an AV reciever/amplifier? \n\nThey are rotary encoders. They're supposed to repeatedly count +1 or - 1 when you turn up or down. \n\nWhen they get dirty, they can count all sorts of things instead.\n\nHere's [a video](_URL_0_) of a guy dismantling and cleaning such a dial, to fix an erratic volume control"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://youtu.be/VjKcPU2kCKY"
]
] |
||
45hdj6
|
on the news today they announced that due to oil prices rising the stock market has gained. i don't understand the correlation here. in the late 90s we had cheap oil and a good economy. why is it all of a sudden in order to have a solid economy we have to have expensive oil?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/45hdj6/eli5on_the_news_today_they_announced_that_due_to/
|
{
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"czxw4nm",
"czxwos4",
"czxwqq6",
"czxx6pe",
"czxy8nh"
],
"score": [
3,
3,
6,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Most stock market prognostication is after-the-fact looking at what happened and assigning cause. In a very non-scientific way.\n\nHowever, the underlying narrative, which you shouldn't put too much faith in, is something like this:\n\n\"Demand for energy is a rough estimate for human productive activity. If the amount of energy that humanity consumes falls rapidly, that's usually because economies as a whole are slowing down, fewer goods are being produced, fewer services performed, less transportation of goods, etc.\n\nOil prices have fallen rapidly, and yet even though prices are much lower, the amount of energy demanded is not rising. Oil consumption is the best readily-available world-wide proxy for energy consumption, because oil has the largest, most liquid, and most international market.\n\nThis, coupled with the apparent slowdown in the economy of China, suggests that the overall world economy might be slowing down. A slower economy means slower growth in earnings, or potentially even shrinking earnings. That translates directly in to companies being worth less, and therefore stock prices falling.\"",
"Generally low oil prices are good for the stock market and businesses in general as most costs involve oil in someway or other. However a very low oil price could be a sign of an impending recession in places like China etc. which spooked the stock market sending prices lower.",
"In the 90s, the US wasn't the largest oil producer in the world. Oil has become a much larger segment of the economy thanks to fracking and shale oil. But a lot of those new companies were dependent on higher oil prices. ",
"In the financial world there is a phenomenon (thing) known as a 'Dead Cat Bounce'. This is when the price of a company or commodity which has been falling rapidly begins to improve - only to continue its downward movement later, causing those who bought it in the hope of an upturn to lose their money.\nThis could be the case here.",
"1. Our economy is now part of a global economy. What happens in China affects our stock market. The opposite is true as well. \n\n2. Oil is seen as an indicator of future energy needs, in other words, a growing global economy. When the price goes up, it's usually because developing countries are reporting good economic news and need more energy. \n2a. Oil is used to make electricity, and obviously powers cranes, bulldozers, etc, in case that wasn't clear. \n\n3. The US stock markets have a large exposure to foreign markets, particularly in the DJIA and the S & P 500, as the companies in those exchanges seek new global markets to further expand and grow (Econ 101: businesses are profit maximizers). \n\nSo, if oil supplies/reserves grow by more than is expected, this is a bad signal for global growth and stocks take a dive. This is a fairly new correlation in the financial markets. \n\nWhile increasing oil supply is good for our individual finances since gas becomes cheaper, theoretically, it has an impact on our markets. If you have a retirement plan, you'll notice its value has dropped lately. If you save money on gas, the govt would really like it if you spent it on things instead of saving it or paying off bills. But you do you. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2w351z
|
how do quantum mechanics open up the possibility of free will ?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2w351z/eli5_how_do_quantum_mechanics_open_up_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"con5tjm"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Perhaps this explanation would start better by explaining why classical mechanics imply that there is no such thing as free will:\n\nClassical mechanics deal with particles and forces. Particles are conceptually very solid objects. They have a definite mass, and momentum, and location, and charge, and spin, and size. The laws for how forces act on them are entirely deterministic. There's no wiggle room. If we can't work out how a particle behaves it's because we haven't measured the forces involved accurately enough.\n\nUnder classical mechanics you can (in theory) take any arrangements of particles and calculate their position at any time in the future or the past with perfect precision by modelling the forces that they exert on each other, as well as any external forces.\n\nIn classical mechanics *everything* is made up of particles. (Atoms - or rather subatomic particles - *are* these particles.) Including our brains, and every part of our body. Our entire consciousness, memories, subconsciousness and personality - everything about us - is all determined by the layout of the particles that comprise us.\n\nBut for any system of particles we can determine *exactly* how they will look at some undetermined point in the future! That means that we are incapable of making that decision: the experience of free will is simply an illusion, because everything is pre-determined.\n\nQuantum mechanics rescues us by fuzzing up the particles a bit. We can't know both their momentum AND their location. We can't determine with 100% accuracy the future, but only probabilities. This means that no amount of measuring can tell with 100% accuracy what the particles that comprise us will be doing in the future, because that is indeterminate.\n\nAnd that is why quantum mechanics opens up the possibility of free will."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
4v8l3t
|
why do many people have "opposite" responses to stimulants/depressants (uppers bring them down, downers bring them up)
|
I've heard people say things like "It's because of my ADD" but I don't see why that makes sense.
To clarify, these are people who are mellowed out by caffeine instead of energetic from it like most people, as an example.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4v8l3t/eli5_why_do_many_people_have_opposite_responses/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d5wexnz",
"d5wf3j4",
"d5wfhz4"
],
"score": [
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Drugs are made to fix an imbalance in the brain. If person A has low Brain Chemical A then they give them drug A. But Drug A on person B who has a normal level get's even more and has an imbalance. ",
"One way of thinking about it is that a person with attention-deficit needs the world to be more interesting in order to keep them from being bored and switching attention to something else. Stimulants make the world more interesting, so they can stay focused on one thing instead of getting bored and switching attention all the time.",
"Brains need a certain amount, or a certain balance between the different chemicals that transport signals around. In the case of ADHD, the dopamine needs to be boosted so that it reaches its optimum range. Stimulant drugs boost dopamine, but if your levels are already normal (non-adhd), the drugs can easily bring your dopamine above the proper level and cause symptoms that actually resemble ADHD. This also happens to ADHD people if their dosage is too high, they can actually get worse. Simply put, people are calm and focused when their brain chemicals are just right."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
1ldfx5
|
what is dns and why does it take so long to propagate?
|
I'm moving a website from one server to another, and this is taking forever in internet terms (over a day in real life). What is this DNS thingy and why does it take so long to propagate?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ldfx5/eli5_what_is_dns_and_why_does_it_take_so_long_to/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cby4ddz",
"cby4f1q"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"DNS is like the yellow pages for the internet, it tells everyone where the servers are for every domain name. When a change is made, the updates have to be sent to many different places so that the change in address will take effect. There are central servers that will keep records of these DNS lists and your computer will ask them where to go whenever you type in a domain name in your browser.",
"The DNS system translates names like _URL_0_ into an IP address - the thing actually needed to contact a remote server.\n\nThere are many *many* DNS servers out there to make sure that even some major outages wouldn't entirely deprive the internet of ability to resolve names to addresses, and because each registrar for hostnames needs a way to tell everybody else about changes in name's addresses, so they each have their own DNS servers... then of course most ISPs keep their own for their customers.\n\nThese system all ask the autoritative DNS servers for certain areas for data so they can also resolve the domain name. An ISP, for example, could get all the DNS data from many other servers so they have a huge chunk of the domain names on record, that way their cutomers only have to make the one DNS request to them to get a resolution. (If you ask a DNS for a resolution it can't provide it'll redirect you to a DNS server it thinks can based off these hierarchies, but more requests take time.)\n\nSo when your company providing you DNS service needs to do an update it'll push the update to its servers usually in a fraction of a second, but who is using that company's DNS for day-to-day stuff? Nobody. So until the next DNS server on the network decides it's time to check for updates to the DNS records on that company server it'll have no idea it's changed and will resolve to the old address.\n\nThe time between these re-check requests is often over 12 hours simply to cut down on needless traffic - most domains won't change their DNS data often after all - and often there's a chain of 2+ DNS servers between the company one authoritative on your domain and the ones used by your customers or other average people.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"google.com"
]
] |
|
503lk1
|
why is fear such an effective motivator?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/503lk1/eli5_why_is_fear_such_an_effective_motivator/
|
{
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"d70wwtz",
"d70y000",
"d711grg",
"d71apqx"
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"score": [
9,
59,
14,
2
],
"text": [
"Fear is basically the trump card your body has to keep you safe from death. Evolutionarily, fear should almost always trump desire, because fear unheaded may kill you.\n\nIn other words, juicy berry bush next to a lion.... if desire wins then you get the berries... but die. If fear wins, you live until tomorrow, then get the berries (and maybe use the berries to win a mate and make a kid... who will inherit your danger avoiding genes).",
"Its not an effective motivator in terms of long term performance. Creating an environment where people are always afraid doesn't produce particularly strong results. So if you're running an office, leading a team, doing anything where you're trying to motivate people, fear tends not to be effective in terms of psychology. \n\nFear is good for running away from bears, it does more harm than good for anything longer term. ",
"Its an excellent short term motivator, but quickly the benefits wear out, the fear normalizes, and people are left with stress. ",
"It's effective for short periods of time because fear both prevents you from getting fired and prevents you from getting mauled by a bear. Long-term, however, fear is counter-productive because adrenaline wears off, leaving just stress. A good manager or leader of any kind doesn't use fear on those working for them, because it's the least effective option."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
269qyr
|
how can it make sense that the world is spinning and travelling at such a high speed (thousands of mph), yet the stars/bodies move by so slowly relative to our view that they seem stationary?
|
I just [watched this Milky Way timelapse video](_URL_0_) and it got me wondering how cool it would be is we could actually see the sky moving.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/269qyr/eli5_how_can_it_make_sense_that_the_world_is/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chozxtg",
"chp0179",
"chp04vd"
],
"score": [
5,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Sheer, unimaginable, incomprehensible scale differences.\n\nBut if you actually do want to visibly see the earth moving, just get a decent pair of 10x50 binoculars on a tripod and focus them on the moon. After 30 seconds it will have drifted right out of view. If you're an astronomer it's actually kind of annoying unless you've got a fancy tripod that self corrects for the motion of the earth.",
"If you're on a train, scooting along at 75 miles per hour, the fenceposts and the bunnies sitting by the tracks, and the nearby rocks and stuff will appear to fly by so fast you can barely tell what color they are, but the huge mountains 300 miles away barely seem to move. \nStars are a lot bigger than the mountains, and a *lot* farther away.\n",
"When you're driving down the road, notice that the trees on the side of the road move very fast in your field of view. The buildings behind the trees move slightly slower, but still pretty fast. The mountains in the distance move much slower across the landscape, but over time you can still see them change. You can obviously see that apparent motion slows down very rapidly as things move further away from you. Now realize that the stars in the sky are billions of times further away than the seemingly \"far away\" mountains. It takes a LOT of earth movement to get those stars to move in our sky."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEHm-XUHwNw"
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
4yv139
|
how are companies like google able to pipe so much data onto the internet? how is it set up where they are able to deliver vast amounts of data so quickly?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4yv139/eli5_how_are_companies_like_google_able_to_pipe/
|
{
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"d6qlrf7",
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"text": [
"They have huge datacentres, literal warehouses filled with cabinets full of blade servers. \n\nI can't get it to work on my phone, but you can look inside one here _URL_0_\n\nA few pictures of blade servers and datacentres to give you an idea of scale \n\n_URL_3_\n\n_URL_1_\n\n_URL_2_\n\nThere are dozens of these around the world, with hundreds of thousands (perhaps millions) of individual blade servers. Each server itself might be running several virtual machines (simulated computer). These are all connected via incredibly high capacity connections to the \"backbone\" of the Internet, to the best of my knowledge Google doesn't go through an ISP, they are effectively their own ISP. \n\nThe multiple datacentres part is important, it's not just one location but many, so they're not going to \"clog the pipes\" all in one place. \n\nThey keep the data across these though algorithms and designs that I barely understood when a very good lecturer taught me at university, so I won't begin to try and explain here but this is cloud infrastructure (and it's ***not*** just \"someone else's computer\", it's far more complicated than that). ",
"Google, like many other large Internet companies, has a direct connection to most of the major ISPs. In other words, the ISPs have their own cables running directly into Google's data centres.\n\nYou can read more about this [here](_URL_0_) - and that link also includes a table that shows some of the main Internet companies and which major ISPs they have this kind of deal with."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.google.com.au/about/datacenters/inside/streetview/",
"https://fortunedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/screen-shot-2015-06-24-at-11-54-41-am.png?w=1024",
"http://www.maxi-pedia.com/web_files/images/Blade_Server_Chassis.png",
"https://www.google.com.au/about/datacenters/images/2012-transparency.jpg"
],
[
"http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/05/see-which-isps-google-microsoft-and-netflix-trade-internet-traffic-with/"
]
] |
||
3ckp40
|
why does body hair grow in specific locations like underarms and groin?
|
Is there some genetic use for hair to grow in specific locations throughout humanity?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ckp40/eli5_why_does_body_hair_grow_in_specific/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cswexs8",
"cswfkg9",
"cswghtl"
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"text": [
"I have read that pubic hair not only protects against STD's but helps with the transmittance of pheromones. ",
"One thing I will add to this is that the two places where you lose the most body heat are your arm pits and your respective wing dang doodle. Heat retention may be a factor.",
"You know the feeling of sweaty skin sticking to things? The hair prevents skin-to-skin chafing in those areas when you are sweating. I realized this after having to get one armpit shaved due to an infection.\n\nThe hair also provides more surface area for the sweat accumulated in the area to evaporate."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
qr15i
|
poetry
|
I don't understand the appeal, or the meaning conveyed, in anything other than the absolute simplest of poems. I'm not asking for a guide to understanding, but an explanation of why the whole medium is, and has been, adored by so many.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/qr15i/eli5_poetry/
|
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"text": [
"Poetry is not for everyone. Like all art it is a matter of taste. Many people enjoy metered story telling, word play, and provocative imagery, others are more visual or tactile. ",
"Poetry as a medium is extremely diverse. There are number of reasons why someone might enjoy poetry.\n\nRhythm, rhyming, and meter are the big ones. Especially when read out loud, all of them can help communicate a sense and atmosphere that would be communicated differently in prose. Same goes for assonance, alliteration, and all those devices. \n\nThe structure of a poem can also communicate aesthetic meaning, be it through stanzas, line structure, or just general apperance. \n",
"I've always thought of poetry as doing with words what a painting does with colors. It can express a clear image or tell a story, or it can be more abstract and open to interpretation. And like Not_Me_But_A_Friend said, it's all a matter of taste when it comes to what kind of a poetry you like, or whether you like the art form at all.",
"If you're interested, Stephen Fry wrote a very accessible book about poetry. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
8f5tkc
|
why do many products on amazon look to be exactly the same but sold by different companies?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8f5tkc/eli5_why_do_many_products_on_amazon_look_to_be/
|
{
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"dy0sa2p",
"dy0ueru",
"dy1btrd"
],
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14,
3,
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"text": [
"Because a lot of people have found it profitable to set up an arrangement with a Chinese manufacturer to buy unlabeled products, stamp a label, and ship. In some cases, you can even get the manufacturer to do the stamping and shipping for you, so all you need to do is manage the customer service on Amazon.\n\nHowever, you also get the manufacturers who build for one brand selling off the seconds to someone else, who will then distribute them under a different name. \"Seconds\" could be visible defects, improperly installed components, sub-par materials, or something else.",
"FBA (Fulfilment by Amazon) is mostly the reason. \n\nWith FBA pretty much anyone (including myself) can buy an item they find at a lower price than Amazon sell it for, send it to an Amazon warehouse, and have Amazon \"sell\" the item and ship it out once sold, for a fee. \n\nThe reason you find lots of sellers is that multiple people will have found the product at a good price and use the FBA service. \n\n\n\nThat's a very brief overview. Happy to go into more detail. ",
"A lot of times you can even find the exact unbranded product on alibaba for much, much cheaper (assuming you want at least 500 padded rifle cases). \n\nFor example, [here is a LED lantern on Amazon](_URL_0_), 2 pack for $16.\n\n[And here is the same lantern](_URL_1_) on alibaba, $2.27 each (minimum 72 piece order)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.amazon.com/Etekcity-Portable-Camping-Flashlights-Batteries/dp/B00XM8HTIS/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1524793052&sr=8-3&keywords=camp+lantern",
"https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Bright-Hiking-Lightweight-30-LED-Outdoor_60586036454.html?spm=a2700.7724838.2017115.74.775528c4uabHsO"
]
] |
||
7bbbaq
|
how does a download know that it's receiving the correct data?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7bbbaq/eli5_how_does_a_download_know_that_its_receiving/
|
{
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"text": [
"The transmitter creates a *checksum* for each packet, plus typically another one for the whole file, in which all the bits are put through a formula and a number calculated from all of them. The formula is designed so that any small change in any of the bits will result in a different (non matching) number.\n\nThe receiver recalculates the checksum, and if something doesn't match, it can tell that the data contained an error, and it requests retransmission.",
"As opposed to what? The internet is packet-switched, meaning all communication consists of small chunks of data. Packets with any sources and destinations can be intermingled on the same line. They can be distinguished because the Internet Protocol header of the packet contains the sender and receiver of the packet. The protocols used for data transfer also have _ports_, to allow different communication flows to be distinguished, even between the same computers.\n\nTo give a practical example, websites typically run on port 80. Let's say the website is located at IP address 1.2.3.4 and yours is 4.3.2.1. When you connect to the website, your computer selects a temporary port to use, let's say 12345. So it will send a packet to 1.2.3.4:80 with a return address of 4.3.2.1:12345. The website can then respond by sending a packet to 4.3.2.1:12345 with a return address of 1.2.3.4:80. The actual transfer consists of a lot of back and forth like this, sending the data itself and acknowledgements that it's been received. When you make another connection, that might use port 12346 or 54321 or whatever to avoid mixing up different flows.\n\nProtocols at different layers also have error detection and possibly correction. A literal checksum at the very least, where all bytes of the packet are added up and must hit a certain value. Other codes like CRC that are also used (e.g. by Ethernet) perform a more robust computation but work similarly in concept. If the checksum doesn't match, the packet was corrupted and will be thrown out. That's okay if it doesn't happen _too_ often, because the internet is unreliable by design. Higher-level protocols like TCP that bring reliability (if the connection is serviceable at all) will retransmit a packet when it isn't clear that it's been received on the other end.\n\nThen there's the possibility of deliberate tampering, as in a man-in-the-middle attack, where an attacker controls a physical link or knows enough and can spoof addresses. The internet doesn't have a robust defense against this. This is where encryption comes in. Strong encryption makes it virtually impossible to eavesdrop or hijack successfully. That's why many websites now use HTTPS, where that lock appears in your address bar. That's another can of worms I'll leave unopened for now. I'm already skimming over so many details to keep my explanation concise."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
dr9sbo
|
how are the tones in tonal languages different from the tones in english?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dr9sbo/eli5_how_are_the_tones_in_tonal_languages/
|
{
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"text": [
"To provide an example, Mandarin Chinese you can say ma in five different ways (four tones and one toneless) and each means entirely different words. Mother, horse, question, berate, and help. English can get tweaked a little by tone, but it's just an emotional change.",
"You can kind of see this in English words with stresses. Read “I didn’t steal her money” and stress a different word each time. They mean different things: “I didn’t *steal* her money” is not the same as “I didn’t steal *her* money.” The sentence may appear to be the same to someone who doesn’t speak English but someone fluent can infer 5 different meanings from one collection of sounds based on stress. It’s kind of the same as a tonal language. You can have the same basic collection of sounds but altering the tone changes the entire meaning. \n\nIn English, stress makes the word (contést vs cóntest) whereas in Mandarin, tone makes the word (shí vs shì)",
"Changing tone in English nearly never changes the word. All you're doing is emphasizing one of the word's meanings over the others. But all those meanings belong to the same word and, while you can alter the tone to prioritize a meaning, it is not necessary at all; the context is far more important.\n\nIn a tonal language, namely Chinese, the pronunciation has no associated character; rather, it's the specific tone given that determines the actual character subset. Unlike your \"serious\" example, where all three instances have the exact same meaning absent the surrounding context, any slight change in tone in Chinese will completely change the word all together, let alone the meaning.\n\nThe closest English example to Chinese world be:\n\n1. Produce: to make something, or fruits\n2. Resume: to continue something, or a summary of what you have done\n\nLiterally every single character and every single word in Chinese is like this, except instead of a set of two possible meanings, a typical Chinese two character sound pair probably has about a thousand completely different meanings, if you remove the tones."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
6aks74
|
why cant the internet version of youtube "minimize" the current video into the corner while i browse for another one, like it does on the app?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6aks74/eli5_why_cant_the_internet_version_of_youtube/
|
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"Because you can open a new tab on the browser in order to search and just keep the video playing in the original tab, unlike on mobile.",
"Actually, you can. Firefox are pushing it as a new feature thats in Beta. I've had 0 problems so far.",
"Potentially it can but the answer to your question is: 'because the developers haven't added that functionality to the website '.",
"Well apparently you can. I don't know the technical stuff but with extensions you can definitely achieve a similar result.\n \nChrome - _URL_0_\n \nMozilla - _URL_1_",
"I use the chrome extension [Seek n Play](_URL_2_), which adds this feature. I also have [AlienTube](_URL_0_), which replaces the YouTube comments with any reddit posts it finds that link to that video, and [Adblock For YouTube](_URL_1_).",
"you could open a new tab?\nor do split screen.",
"Did you actually differentiate between \"the internet\" and an \"app??",
"Because you can just add another page to it? Idk it feels like hitting backspace to get outa a video and having that pop up might be cool but we already have a good work around without a needless popup.\n",
"Am I the only one that finds this feature incredibly annoying?",
"People are suggesting tons of alternatives to your problem, but not actually answering the question. Here's why:\n\nYoutube has a bunch of different product and engineering teams. Some work on the mobile app, and some work on the desktop/mobile web product. YouTube, most likely, gets different usage on both of these platforms, so the amount of engineers assigned to each of these platforms (in order to make updates on each of these) vary based on said usage.\n\nAdditionally, there are also \"endless\" amounts of fixes and feature improvements YouTube can make at any given time. As a result, these bug fixes and feature improvements need to be \"prioritized\" (i.e., ordered by priority) since YouTube doesn't have \"endless\" engineers to work on them. The feature of a \"minimized\" player on the web/mobile web platform of YouTube probably hasn't been prioritized for various reasons:\n\n1) It's probably not that big of a use case, especially given all the alternatives people have mentioned in this thread\n\n2) there are other important features/bugs the team needs to work on before implementing something like this.\n\nSource: I work in tech. Hopefully that helps!",
"You mean like [this](_URL_0_) one for firefox?",
"Tag along question: why can't you adjust playback speed in the mobile app like you can on the computer version?",
"I'm using Chrome and it's working fine for me ? _URL_0_ \n \nToo, I am really bothered that they put suggestion videos on when I pause the video so many time I have misclicked on those suggested videos when I try to resume the current one. \n \nEdit: Maybe it's [the enhancer](_URL_1_) I'm using ? So far I had for the dark theme and ads bs",
"They actually tested this feature with their experimental [Cosmic Panda] (_URL_0_) layout for a short period back in 2011, it was nice. Not sure why they never implemented it permanently. ",
"\"The internet version of Youtube?\" What version are you using?",
"You used to be able to, actually. Youtube used to have a 'pop out' function that would do just that - pop out JUST the video in its own, resizable window so you could go and navigate around elsewhere while you watched. \n\nHonestly, I have no idea why they removed it as a feature."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/floating-for-youtube-exte/egncdnniomonjgpjbapalkckojhkfddk",
"https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/pop-up-play/"
],
[
"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/alientube-for-youtube/opgodjgjgojjkhlmmhdlojfehcemknnp?hl=en",
"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/adblock-for-youtube/cmedhionkhpnakcndndgjdbohmhepckk?hl=en-US",
"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/seek-n-play-for-youtube/aiaeaehoebdkelhnbomepbijjjeakkld?hl=en"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://testpilot.firefox.com/experiments/min-vid"
],
[],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/3Y2emTR.jpg",
"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/enhancer-for-youtube/ponfpcnoihfmfllpaingbgckeeldkhle"
],
[
"https://www.google.com/amp/s/techcrunch.com/2011/07/07/youtube-unveils-slick-experimental-redesign-codenamed-cosmic-panda/amp/#ampshare=https://techcrunch.com/2011/07/07/youtube-unveils-slick-experimental-redesign-codenamed-cosmic-panda/"
],
[],
[]
] |
||
4gymqt
|
is the number pi infinite?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4gymqt/eli5_is_the_number_pi_infinite/
|
{
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"text": [
"If by \"infinite\" you mean \"irrational\" then yes, there are many proofs of that. A characteristic of the irrationals is that their decimal forms are infinite and non-repeating.\n\nJohann Heinrich Lambert first devised a proof that used a continued fraction (a fraction whose denominator is a fraction, whose denominator is a fraction, whose denominator is a fraction... and so on) [expansion of the tangent function](_URL_2_) to prove pi's irrationality. [Here is the proof on MathExchange if you want to take a look at it.](_URL_0_) \n\nBasically, plugging rational numbers into the tangent function yields irrational results. Much of Lambert's proof went into proving this part and it involves stuff outside the scope of ELI5 so we'll just take it for granted. Let's assume for the moment pi/4 is a rational number. Let pi/4 = a/b. If you evaluate the continued fraction for a/b, you end up with an irrational result. But wait, it just so happens that tan(pi/4) = 1. This is a contradiction, which means pi cannot be a rational number, so it must be irrational.\n\n\nWe also use continued fractions to calculate the value of pi. We found these out by using rational estimations of pi (e.g. 22/7, 333/106, 355/113, 52163/16604, etc.) to look for a pattern. We ended up with [these monsters](_URL_1_)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/895611/lamberts-original-proof-that-pi-is-irrational",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/math/b/b/2/bb2525440fab805b52848bde8a9195da.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/math/e/2/a/e2a38f49feaaf9a6978652bf332bc0e6.png"
]
] |
||
knorg
|
why am i taller than both of my parents?
|
I'm just under or exactly 6' tall, and I've always wondered how I can be taller than both of my parents. I'm also taller than all of my grandparents as well, and they aren't yet old enough to have been shrinking at all in height. Anyone care to explain?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/knorg/eli5_why_am_i_taller_than_both_of_my_parents/
|
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"You're adopted.\n\nOr it could be that you aren't just made of of half what each parent looks like, you have tall genes in your family somewhere and they just happened to surface for you.",
"Better nutrition (the more good quality raw materials your body gets, the more bone it can make). Better medical care for young people (prevents sickness from lasting long enough or hitting hard enough to stunt growth).\n\nAlso, this doesn't apply to you, but statistically tall people have more children than short people. So the tall gene tends to become more common over the long term. You might have inherited a full set of tall genes by random luck, even though each of your parents only had partial sets.\n\nSource: _URL_0_",
"Many possible reasons:\n\n1) Environmental factors. Perhaps your diet is better or you've just been healthier. In general, there's a correlation between nutrition and height.\n\n2) Random assortment. Height is a polygenic trait, meaning that it's influenced by a lot of different genes. Each parent donates half of their height genes to each of their children and the resulting combination influences your eventual height. It is very possible that you just happened to get a particularly tall-favorable combination.\n\nHere's an another way to look at random assortment. Assume height is controlled by 5 genes. Everyone has 2 copies of each gene, so that's 10 total factors influencing height, each of which is called an allele. Your dad may have have 5 tall alleles and 5 short alleles, making him medium height. 5 of those alleles get passed on to you, and due to pure luck you may have ended up with 4 or 5 that correspond to tall. Repeat this process with the mother as well. (The genetics get a lot more complex, but this is ELI5, so I'm sure I've already passed a 5-year old reading level.) \n\n3) Mutation/abnormality elsewhere. Perhaps you have some sort of abnormality causing a slight change in hormone levels, indirectly leading to increased height gain. ",
"for a 5 year old to be taller than both parents is just not quite normal ... lets go see a doctor",
"You're adopted.\n\nOr it could be that you aren't just made of of half what each parent looks like, you have tall genes in your family somewhere and they just happened to surface for you.",
"Better nutrition (the more good quality raw materials your body gets, the more bone it can make). Better medical care for young people (prevents sickness from lasting long enough or hitting hard enough to stunt growth).\n\nAlso, this doesn't apply to you, but statistically tall people have more children than short people. So the tall gene tends to become more common over the long term. You might have inherited a full set of tall genes by random luck, even though each of your parents only had partial sets.\n\nSource: _URL_0_",
"Many possible reasons:\n\n1) Environmental factors. Perhaps your diet is better or you've just been healthier. In general, there's a correlation between nutrition and height.\n\n2) Random assortment. Height is a polygenic trait, meaning that it's influenced by a lot of different genes. Each parent donates half of their height genes to each of their children and the resulting combination influences your eventual height. It is very possible that you just happened to get a particularly tall-favorable combination.\n\nHere's an another way to look at random assortment. Assume height is controlled by 5 genes. Everyone has 2 copies of each gene, so that's 10 total factors influencing height, each of which is called an allele. Your dad may have have 5 tall alleles and 5 short alleles, making him medium height. 5 of those alleles get passed on to you, and due to pure luck you may have ended up with 4 or 5 that correspond to tall. Repeat this process with the mother as well. (The genetics get a lot more complex, but this is ELI5, so I'm sure I've already passed a 5-year old reading level.) \n\n3) Mutation/abnormality elsewhere. Perhaps you have some sort of abnormality causing a slight change in hormone levels, indirectly leading to increased height gain. ",
"for a 5 year old to be taller than both parents is just not quite normal ... lets go see a doctor"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110910170240AAwZHt3"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110910170240AAwZHt3"
],
[],
[]
] |
|
4nat3a
|
what would happen if every electronic device on earth lost power for a moment and then instantly turn back on?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4nat3a/eli5_what_would_happen_if_every_electronic_device/
|
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"While a worldwide power blackout is almost impossible to have happen, instant recovery is simply impossible. The systems that control the flow of power would be tripped by the worldwide outage. It would take hours to days to reset them. Many of them require power for several minutes before they can reset, even if there is someone commanding them to reset. Controlling the restart with no existing grid to rejoin would take many hours of planning and coordination.\n\nThere is a good reason the power doesn't go off.",
"\"Lost power\" how exactly? Some things it wouldn't matter for, like light bulbs, televisions, etc.\n\nOthers it might be something of an issue. Undoubtedly it would mean a huge amount of corrupted data because everything resident in active memory for computers would be shot. A bunch of web services would require some downtime and there would be unavoidable loss of data.\n\nBut how would it work for a big electrical generator? They are turning huge coils of wire against other coils, pushing immense physical force against a resistance of electromagnetic induction. Would them \"losing power\" switch on and off their coils in short order? The loss of load and then reloading would I expect be an immense physical shock to the generator, perhaps damaging it seriously.\n\nIn fact I don't know that you could avoid an immense surge in the electrical grid from *everything* stopping drawing power and then drawing again a moment later. Add in that many devices draw significantly more power upon starting up and you would have a huge surge of power and then a brownout. That is if things like transformers and surge gates didn't pop first.\n\nOther cases are even stranger. Imagine the LHC with their particle beam at full power doing an experiment. When this happens what do the electromagnetic guides do? They are powered, sure, but most of their current is in superconductors which maintain immensely powerful magnetic fields; where does that current *go* for \"a moment\"? How about with the fusion test reactors? A moment is more than enough time for their containment to release the confined plasma.\n\nIt is likely that in things like nuclear fission reactors the interruptions would trigger automatic shutdown of the reactors. How long they would need to restart is not something I could say, but the confusion about what exactly happened would probably be lessened by knowing it happened everywhere. Still it is likely to be a huge problem because they might not shut down gracefully (safely, but now the core is a fused block of fuel pellets and damper).\n\nBasically your big issue wouldn't be rebooting electronics but how this magical event manages to remove and hide the fundamental electromagnetic field for a while. What about the magnetic field of Earth, does that stop and restart? We would probably have crazy auroras for a while."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
29czf5
|
how can multiple movies all be "movie of the year" ?
|
Back when I was younger and still watched TV, I remember always seeing multiple movie commercials that ALL would claim that their movie is "movie of the year".
How can multiple movies all hold the title of "movie of the year" ? Or is "movie of the year" just a type of buzz-review term and not an official award/achievement?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/29czf5/eli5_how_can_multiple_movies_all_be_movie_of_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cijp325",
"cijp60z",
"cijpdei",
"cijpgbf",
"cijprj4"
],
"score": [
18,
6,
5,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"It's a buzz-review term. Total marketing bullshit.",
"Even if 99 reviews out of 100 slaughter the film, they can quote the one easily-won-over/bribed website that gave them a 5 star review in all their advertising without it technically being a lie.",
"There's no official title of movie of the year. Different people pick theirs, and different people have different opinions. ",
"They offer perks to reviewers who say good things about their movies. So if one says \"Movie of the year\" or \"this summer's blockbuster\" or whatnot, they quote them and leave it at that.",
"A single reviewer model: \n\nIf a movie comes out in January it can be the best movie so far that year (with nothing to compare it to) and it will be the current \"Movie of the Year\"\n\nMarch comes around, new movie comes out. MUCH better than that old January thing. THIS is the best movie to date and is the new \"Movie of the Year\"\n\netc. etc.\n\nMultiple reviewers model: \n\nDifferent reviewers also have different opinions. While one thinks that \"Generic Chick-flick Docudrama\" is the Movie of the Year another will argue that \"Generic Fantasy-Sci-Fi-Zombie Movie\" is the Movie of the Year. Neither one of them has any kind of 'official' meaning but movie promoters will cite one or the other (depending on who said their movie was good)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
7nthie
|
if corn comes out the same way it goes in how do we gain nutrients.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7nthie/eli5_if_corn_comes_out_the_same_way_it_goes_in/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ds4dkbg"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It doesn’t come out the same way it came in. Only the shell of the corn remains, the interior has been absorbed by your body. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
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