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https://github.com/brunotacca/INTRACS/blob/master/intracs_software/outer/datasources/lib/src/local/static/computing_datasource.dart | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | INTRACS | brunotacca | Dart | Code | 219 | 807 | import 'dart:async';
import 'package:intracs_entities/entities.dart';
import 'package:intracs_application/application.dart';
import 'package:intracs_gateways/gateways.dart';
import 'package:intracs_datasources/datasources.dart';
class ComputingDataSource implements ComputingSource {
final Map<String, ComputingMethodWithEngine> computingMethods =
ComputingMethodsStaticList.list;
ComputingMethodWithEngine? selectedComputingMethod;
bool computingRawData = false;
final RawDataBuffer _rawDataBuffer;
final ReceivedComputedDataEventController _computedDataEventController;
ComputingDataSource(this._rawDataBuffer, this._computedDataEventController);
@override
Future<Result<Exception, List<ComputingMethod>>> getComputingMethods() async {
if (computingMethods.isEmpty) {
return Failure(Exception("NO METHODS FOUND"));
} else {
return Success(computingMethods.values.map((e) => e.method).toList());
}
}
@override
Future<Result<Exception, ComputingMethod>> getComputingMethod(
String uniqueName) async {
if (!computingMethods.containsKey(uniqueName)) {
return Failure(Exception("METHOD_NOT_FOUND"));
} else {
return Success(computingMethods[uniqueName]!.method);
}
}
@override
Future<Result<Exception, ComputingMethod>> selectComputingMethod(
ComputingMethod method) async {
if (!computingMethods.containsKey(method.uniqueName)) {
return Failure(Exception("METHOD_NOT_FOUND"));
} else {
selectedComputingMethod = computingMethods[method.uniqueName];
return Success(selectedComputingMethod!.method);
}
}
@override
Future<bool> isComputingRawData() async {
return computingRawData;
}
@override
Future<Result<Exception, bool>> startComputingRawData() async {
computingRawData = true;
// create the stream engine if needed
if (selectedComputingMethod!.engine == null) {
// creates the engine for the method
selectedComputingMethod!.engine = ComputingEngine(
selectedComputingMethod!,
_rawDataBuffer,
);
// creates the subscription that will trigger the event controller
selectedComputingMethod!.subscription =
selectedComputingMethod!.engine!.stream.listen(
(computedData) {
_computedDataEventController.register(Success(computedData));
},
);
} else {
// If the engine and subscription already exists, resumes the listening.
if (selectedComputingMethod!.engine != null &&
selectedComputingMethod!.subscription != null) {
selectedComputingMethod!.subscription!.resume();
}
}
return Success(computingRawData);
}
@override
Future<Result<Exception, bool>> stopComputingRawData() async {
computingRawData = false;
// pause the listener if created
if (selectedComputingMethod!.engine != null &&
selectedComputingMethod!.subscription != null) {
selectedComputingMethod!.subscription!.pause();
}
return Success(computingRawData);
}
}
| 16,961 |
US-201214407291-A_1 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,012 | None | None | English | Spoken | 5,474 | 7,993 | Low-emissivity transparent laminated body and building material comprising same
ABSTRACT
Provided are: a low-emissivity transparent laminated body having a multilayer structure comprising a substrate and a coated layer, wherein the coated layer comprises, sequentially from the substrate, a low-emissivity electrically-conductive layer, a dielectric layer, and a light-absorbing metal layer; and a building material in which same is used.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a low-emissivity transparent laminate and a building material including the same.
BACKGROUND ART
Low-emissivity glass is glass on which a low-emissivity layer including a metal, such as silver (Ag), which has high reflectance in an infrared range, is deposited as a thin film. Low-emissivity glass is a functional material realizing energy saving effects by reflecting solar radiation in summer and preserving infrared rays generated from an indoor heater in winter.
Generally, since silver (Ag) used as the low-emissivity layer is oxidized when exposed to air, dielectric layers are deposited as anti-oxidizing films on upper and lower surfaces of the low-emissivity layer.
The dielectric layers also serve to increase visible light transmittance.
DISCLOSURE Technical Problem
It is an aspect of the present invention to provide a low-emissivity transparent laminate which exhibits improved heat resistance and thus is temperable while securing thermal insulation properties.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a building material including the low-emissivity transparent laminate as set forth above.
Technical Solution
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a low-emissivity transparent laminate includes a substrate and a coating layer. The coating layer may be formed in a multilayer structure including a low-emissivity layer, a low-emissivity protective metal layer, a silicon nitride layer and a dielectric layer stacked sequentially from the substrate
The low-emissivity layer may have an emissivity of about 0.01 to about 0.3.
The low-emissivity layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cu, Al, Pt, ion-doped metal oxides, and combinations thereof.
The low-emissivity layer may have a thickness of about 10 nm to about 25 nm.
The low-emissivity protective metal layer may have an extinction coefficient of about 1.5 to about 3.5 in a visible light range.
The low-emissivity protective metal layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cr, alloys of Ni and Cr, Ti, and combinations thereof.
The low-emissivity protective metal layer may have a thickness of about 1 nm to about 5 nm.
The silicon nitride layer may include SiN_(x) (1≦x≦1.5) or (Si_(1-y)M_(y))N_(z) (where M is one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Co and combinations thereof; 0.01≦y≦0.2; and 1≦z≦1.5).
The silicon nitride layer may have a thickness of about 5 nm to about 20 nm.
The dielectric layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal nitrides and combinations thereof, or may include at least one selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal nitrides and combinations thereof, which are doped with at least one element selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), boron (B), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), antimony (Sb), beryllium (Be), and combinations thereof.
The dielectric layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, tin oxide, bismuth oxide, silicon nitride, silicon aluminum nitride, and combinations thereof.
The dielectric layer may have a thickness of about 5 nm to about 60 nm.
The substrate may be a transparent substrate having a visible light transmittance of about 90% to about 100%.
The substrate may be a glass or transparent plastic substrate.
The coating layer has a symmetrical structure in which the low-emissivity protective metal layer and the dielectric layer are sequentially stacked on both surfaces of the low-emissivity layer, and at least one of two pairs of the low-emissivity protective metal layer and the dielectric layer may include the silicon nitride layer interposed therebetween.
The coating layer may further include at least one silicon nitride layer on uppermost and lowermost surfaces thereof.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a building material includes the low-emissivity transparent laminate as set forth above.
Advantageous Effects
The low-emissivity transparent laminate can exhibit improved heat resistance and thus is temperable while securing thermal insulation properties.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a low-emissivity transparent laminate according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a low-emissivity transparent laminate according to another embodiment of the present invention.
BEST MODE
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments may be embodied in different ways and are not to be in any way construed as limiting the present invention.
In the drawings, portions irrelevant to the description are omitted for clarity. Like components will be denoted by like reference numerals throughout the specification.
In the drawings, thicknesses of several layers and regions are enlarged for clarity. In addition, thicknesses of some layers and regions are exaggerated for convenience.
It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region or substrate is referred to as being placed “on” (or under or below) another element, it can be directly placed on (or under or below) the other element, or intervening layer(s) may also be present.
Hereinafter, a low-emissivity transparent laminate according to one embodiment of the invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention, which includes a substrate 110 and a coating layer 190. The coating layer 190 has a multilayer structure that includes a low-emissivity layer 120, a low-emissivity protective metal layer 130, a silicon nitride layer 140 and a dielectric layer 150 in a sequential order from the substrate 110.
Since the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 includes the silicon nitride layer 140, the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 is given durability, chemical resistance, heat resistance and the like, and thus is temperable. In addition, since the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 includes the dielectric layer 150 on an upper side of the silicon nitride layer 140, contamination of the silicon nitride layer 140 upon long time processing can be reduced, thereby preventing problems which can be caused by such contamination. Further, the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 enables enlargement of design for optical properties of low-emissivity (low-e) glass.
The coating layer 190 has a multilayer thin film structure based on the low-emissivity layer 120 selectively reflecting far infrared rays of sunlight, and imparts thermal insulation properties due to low emissivity to the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 by reducing emissivity. The low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 having such a structure is a functional material realizing energy saving effects for buildings by reflecting solar radiation in summer while preserving infrared rays generated from an indoor heater in winter.
The term “emissivity” as used herein refers to a ratio by which an object absorbs, transmits and reflects energy having any specific wavelength. That is, the term “emissivity” as used herein indicates a degree of absorption of infrared energy in an infrared wavelength range, and specifically refers to a ratio of absorbed infrared energy to applied infrared energy when far infrared rays, which correspond to a wavelength range from about 5 μm to about 50 μm and exhibit strong thermal action, are applied.
According to Kirchhoff's law, since infrared energy absorbed by a certain material is the same as energy radiated back from the material, absorptivity of the material is the same as emissivity thereof.
In addition, since infrared energy not absorbed by a material is reflected by a surface of the material, emissivity becomes lower with increasing reflectance of infrared energy. This relationship is represented by Formula: Emissivity=1−reflectance of infrared light.
Emissivity may be measured through various methods typically known in the art. For example, emissivity may be measured using an apparatus such as a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) in accordance with KSL2514, without being limited thereto.
Absorptivity for far infrared rays exhibiting strong thermal action, that is, emissivity for far infrared rays, may have a very important meaning in measurement of a degree of thermal insulation.
As described above, since the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 includes the coating layer 190 formed on the transparent substrate 110 such as a glass substrate and the like, the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 can exhibit reduced emissivity while maintaining certain transmissivity in a visible light range, and thus can be used as an energy-saving functional material for buildings providing excellent thermal insulation.
The low-emissivity layer 120 is formed of an electrically conductive material having low-emissivity, for example, metal, and has low sheet resistance, thereby securing low-emissivity. For example, the low-emissivity layer 120 may have an emissivity from about 0.01 to about 0.3, specifically from about 0.01 to about 0.2, more specifically from about 0.01 to about 0.1, still more specifically from about 0.01 to about 0.08. Within this range, the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 can exhibit appropriate properties in terms of both thermal insulation and visible light transmittance. The low-emissivity layer 120 having an emissivity within this range may have a sheet resistance of about 0.78 Ω/sq to about 6.42 Ω/sq, as measured on a thin film specimen.
The low-emissivity layer 120 serves to selectively transmit and reflect solar radiation. The low-emissivity layer 120 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cu, Al, Pt, ion-doped metal oxides, and combinations thereof, without being limited thereto. Examples of the ion-doped metal oxides include indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium zinc oxide (GZO), and the like. In one embodiment, the low-emissivity layer 120 may be silver (Ag), whereby the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 can realize high electrical conductivity, low absorptivity in the visible light range, excellent durability, and the like.
The low-emissivity layer 120 may have a thickness of, for example, about 10 nm to about 25 nm. Within this thickness range, the low-emissivity layer 120 is suitable for realizing both low-emissivity and high visible light transmittance at the same time.
The low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 is composed of a metal exhibiting excellent light absorption to adjust sunlight. A color realized by the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 may be adjusted by adjusting a material, thickness and the like of the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130.
In one embodiment, the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 may have an extinction coefficient of about 1.5 to about 3.5 in the visible light range. Extinction coefficient is a value derived from an optical constant which an optical material has as an inherent property, and the optical constant is represented by an expression, n-ik. Here, the real part n is an index of refraction, and the imaginary part k is an extinction coefficient (also referred to as absorption coefficient). The extinction coefficient is a function of wavelength (λ), and metal generally has an extinction coefficient of greater than 0. The extinction coefficient k and the absorption coefficient α are expressed by Formula: α=(4πk)/λ. When the absorption coefficient is a and the thickness through which light passes is d, the intensity of light passing through the thickness d (I) is decreased according to Formula I=I0exp(−αd), as compared with the intensity of incident light (I0).
Since the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 uses a metal having an extinction coefficient within the above range in the visible light range, the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 absorbs a certain portion of visible light and allows the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 to have a predetermined color.
For example, the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cr, alloys of Ni and Cr, Ti, and combinations thereof, without being limited thereto.
The low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 may have a thickness of, for example, about 1 nm to about 5 nm. Since the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 includes the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 having a thickness within this range, the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 can be adjusted to predetermined transmittance and reflectance while serving as a low-emissivity protective layer.
Since the silicon nitride layer 140 is interposed between the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 and the dielectric layer 150 and thus serves as a protective layer protecting the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 and the low-emissivity layer 120 from an influence of oxygen of an oxide in the dielectric layer 150, the silicon nitride layer 140 serves to stabilize an interface between a metal and the dielectric layer.
In addition, the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 includes the silicon nitride layer 140 and thus can improve overall heat resistance of the coating layer 190. Thus, there is an advantage in that the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 can be subjected to high temperature processing. For example, the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 may exhibit heat resistance suitable for heat treatment in order to satisfy wind pressure resistance required for skyscrapers.
The silicon nitride layer 140 may include silicon nitride, for example, SiN_(x) (where 1≦x≦1.5) or a silicon nitride compound in which some Si is substituted with a metal, such as (Si_(1-y)M_(y))N_(z) (where M is one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Co, and combinations thereof; 0.01≦y≦0.2; and 1≦z≦1.5), and the like.
The metal-substituted silicon nitride compound may exhibit improved durability, scratch resistance, heat resistance and the like depending upon the substituted metal. The silicon nitride layer 140 may include a suitable type of silicon nitride compound so as to satisfy desired purposes.
The silicon nitride layer 140 may have a thickness of, for example, about 5 nm to about 20 nm. To realize the overall coating layer 190 exhibiting optical properties (transmittance, reflectance, color index) satisfying target properties, the thickness of the silicon nitride layer may be variously adjusted depending upon installation environment and materials thereof. Since the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 includes the silicon nitride layer 140 having a thickness within the above range, the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 can minimize contamination which can occur upon stacking the dielectric layer 150, and allows various combinations of the layers by adjusting a thickness ratio of the dielectric layer 150, thereby enabling design of various optical properties of low-e glass.
The dielectric layer 150 is stacked on the silicon nitride layer 140 in the coating layer 190 and thus is separated from the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 with the silicon nitride layer 140 interposed therebetween. As described above, since the dielectric layer 150 is separated from the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 and the low-emissivity layer 120 with the silicon nitride layer 140 interposed therebetween, influence on the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 and the low-emissivity layer 120 due to oxygen caused by the oxide in the dielectric layer 150 can be significantly reduced.
The dielectric layer 150 may be formed of a dielectric material having an index of refraction from about 1.5 to about 2.3. Depending upon the index of refraction of the dielectric layer 150, the thickness of the dielectric layer 150 may be adjusted such that transmittance, reflectance, and transmissive and reflective colors of the dielectric layers can be realized to desired target levels.
The dielectric layer 150 may have a thickness of, for example, about 5 nm to about 60 nm. The thickness of the dielectric layer 150 may be variously adjusted depending upon the location and material of the dielectric layer so as to realize optical properties (transmittance, reflectance, color index) of the overall multilayer thin film satisfying target properties. Within the above thickness range, the dielectric layer 150 enables effectively control of optical properties of the multilayer thin film and can provide an advantage in terms of production rate. In addition, as described above, the dielectric layer 150 allows various combinations of layers by adjusting the thickness ratio thereof relative to the silicon nitride layer 140 and the like, thereby enabling enlargement of optical design window of low-e glasses.
In addition, the dielectric layer 150 may be formed of a material having an extinction coefficient close to 0. An extinction coefficient of greater than 0 means that incident light is absorbed by the dielectric layer before reaching a light absorption metal layer, and is not advantageous by inhibiting transparency. Therefore, the dielectric layer 150 may have an extinction coefficient of less than 0.1 in the visible light range (wavelength range from about 380 nm to about 780 nm).
Since a metal used for the low-emissivity layer 120 is generally likely to be oxidized, the dielectric layer 150 can act as an anti-oxidation film for the low-emissivity layer 120. In addition, the dielectric layer 150 also serves to increase visible light transmittance.
The dielectric layer 150 may include various metal oxides, metal nitrides, and the like. For example, the dielectric layer 150 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, tin oxide, bismuth oxide, silicon nitride, silicon aluminum nitride, and combinations thereof, without being limited thereto. The metal oxides and/or the metal nitrides may be doped with at least one element selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), boron (B), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), antimony (Sb), beryllium (Be), and combinations thereof.
The optical properties of the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 may be adjusted by suitably adjusting materials and properties of the dielectric layer 150. In addition, the dielectric layer 150 may be composed of a plurality of layers.
The substrate 110 may be a transparent substrate having high transmittance of visible light, for example, a glass or transparent plastic substrate having a visible light transmittance of about 90% to about 100%. For example, the substrate 110 may be any glass used for construction, and may have a thickness of, for example, about 2 mm to about 12 mm depending upon application.
The low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 may be formed to have transmittance and reflectance corresponding to wavelength ranges of light by adjusting a material and thickness of each of the layers included in the coating layer 190, thereby realizing an optical spectrum suitable for usage. For example, the low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 may be formed to have high visible light transmittance in order to secure comfortable view, and may be formed to have increased reflectance to prevent a problem of invasion of personal privacy due to view from the outside.
The low-emissivity transparent laminate 100 allows fine control of optical properties such as color, reflectance, transmittance and the like of a highly reflective surface thereof, which is seen from the outside, by adjusting the material and thickness of each of the layers included in the coating layer 190.
The coating layer 190 may further include other intervening layers in addition to the aforementioned structure in order to realize desired optical properties, as described above. In one embodiment, the coating layer 190 may further include at least one dielectric layer on one outermost surface or on both outermost surfaces thereof.
Details of the additional dielectric layer, which may be further included in the coating layer 190, are the same as described above in relation to the dielectric layer 150.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a low-emissivity transparent laminate includes a coating layer having a symmetrical structure in which a low-emissivity protective metal layer and a dielectric layer are sequentially stacked on both surfaces of a low-emissivity layer, wherein at least one of two pairs of the low-emissivity protective metal layer and the dielectric layer includes a silicon nitride layer interposed therebetween.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a low-emissivity transparent laminate 200, which includes a substrate 210 and a coating layer 290, according to another embodiment of the invention. The coating layer 290 has a multilayer structure which includes a first dielectric layer 280, a first silicon nitride layer 270, a first low-emissivity protective metal layer 260, a low-emissivity layer 220, a second low-emissivity protective metal layer 230, a second silicon nitride layer 240, and a second dielectric layer 250 in a sequential order above the substrate 210. In the low-emissivity transparent laminate 200, the coating layer 290 has a structure formed by sequentially stacking the low-emissivity protective metal layers 230, 260, the silicon nitride layers 240, 270 and the dielectric layers 250, 280 on the upper and lower surfaces of the low-emissivity layer 220.
In one embodiment, the coating layer may further include at least one silicon nitride layer on the uppermost and lowermost surfaces thereof. For example, the coating layer may further include a silicon nitride layer (not shown) stacked on an outer surface of the second dielectric layer 250, or a silicon nitride layer (not shown) stacked between the first dielectric layer 280 and the substrate 210. As such, since the coating layer includes plural silicon nitride layers and thus can protect the low-emissivity protective metal layer 130 better during heat treatment, the coating layer including the plural silicon nitride layers can exhibit further improved heat resistance, as compared with a coating layer including a single nitride layer having a thicker thickness, even though the plural silicon nitride layers have the same total thickness as the single nitride layer. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a building material includes the low-emissivity transparent laminate as set forth above. Since the building material uses the low-emissivity transparent laminate, the building material can exhibit improved heat resistance and thus can be processed by additional heat treatment while securing thermal insulation properties due to low-e, as described above. For example, the building material may be subjected to heat treatment for improvement of wind pressure resistance, and may be used as a building material for skyscrapers.
Each of the layers of the low-emissivity transparent laminate may be formed by stacking the layer using any method known in the art. For example, each of the layers may be stacked using any deposition method known in the art.
For example, the dielectric layer may be deposited by any method known in the art. For example, the dielectric layer may be deposited using a magnetron sputter.
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to some examples. It should be understood that these examples are provided for illustration only and are not to be in any way construed as limiting the present invention.
EXAMPLES Example 1
A low-emissivity transparent laminate having a composition and thickness as listed in Table 1 was manufactured using a magnetron (C-Mag) sputter (Cetus-S, Selcos Co., Ltd.).
First, a 19 nm thick SnZnO_(x) layer was deposited onto a 6 mm thick transparent glass substrate in an oxygen/argon atmosphere (50% by volume (vol %) of oxygen, 50 vol % of argon). Next, a 5 nm thick SiN_(x) layer was deposited in a nitrogen/argon atmosphere (20 vol % of nitrogen, 80 vol % of argon). A 1.5 nm thick NiCr layer, an 11 nm thick Ag layer and a 1.5 nm thick NiCr layer were deposited in a 100 vol % argon atmosphere in order, followed by depositing a 5 nm thick SiN_(x) layer again under the same deposition conditions as in the SiN_(x) layer. Finally, a 43 nm thick SnZnO_(x) layer was deposited under the same deposition conditions as in the above SnZnO_(x) layer, thereby manufacturing a low-emissivity transparent laminate.
Example 2
A low-emissivity transparent laminate was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 5 nm thick SiN_(x) layer was additionally stacked on an uppermost side of the low-emissivity transparent laminate of Example 1.
Examples 3 to 5
Low-emissivity transparent laminates were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the number of 5 nm thick SiN_(x) layers and disposition positions thereof were modified as listed in Table 1, respectively.
Comparative Example 1
A low-emissivity transparent laminate was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the SiN_(x) layers were omitted.
Comparative Example 2
A low-emissivity transparent laminate was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 5 nm thick SnZnO_(x) layer was deposited in a nitrogen/argon atmosphere (50 vol % of nitrogen, 50 vol % of argon) instead of the SiN_(x) layer.
Comparative Example 3
A low-emissivity transparent laminate was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the number of 5 nm thick SiN_(x) layers and disposition positions thereof were modified as listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Multilayer structure (Film thickness, nm) Example 1 Transparent glass/SnZnO_(x)(19)/SiN_(x)(5)/NiCr(1.5)/Ag(11)/NiCr(1.5)/SiN_(x)(5)/ SnZnO_(x)(43) Example 2 Transparent glass/SnZnO_(x)(19)/SiN_(x)(5)/NiCr(1.5)/Ag(11)/NiCr(1.5)/SiN_(x)(5)/ SnZnO_(x)(43)/SiN_(x)(5) Example 3 Transparent glass/SnZnO_(x)(19)/NiCr(1.5)/Ag(11)/NiCr(1.5)/SiN_(x)(5)/ SnZnO_(x)(43)/SiN_(x)(5) Example 4 Transparent glass/SnZnO_(x)(19)/SiN_(x)(5)/NiCr(1.5)/Ag(11)/NiCr(1.5)/ SnZnO_(x)(43)/SiN_(x)(5) Example 5 Transparent glass/SiN_(x)(5)/SnZnO_(x)(19)/SiN_(x)(5)/NiCr(1.5)/Ag(11)/NiCr(1.5)/ SiN_(x)(5)/SnZnO_(x)(43)/SiN_(x)(5) Comparative Transparent glass/SnZnO_(x)(19)/NiCr(1.5)/Ag(11)/NiCr(1.5)/SnZnO_(x)(43) Example 1 Comparative Transparent glass/SnZnO_(x)(19)/SnZnN_(x)(5)/NiCr(1.5)/Ag(11)/NiCr(1.5)/ Example 2 SnZnN_(x)(5)/SnZnO_(x)(43) Comparative Transparent glass/SiN_(x)(5)/SnZnO_(x)(19)/NiCr(1.5)/Ag(11)/NiCr(1.5)/ Example 3 SnZnO_(x)(43)/SiN_(x)(5)
Evaluation of Properties
Each of the low-emissivity transparent laminates manufactured in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was subjected to heat treatment in the following manner:
Each of the specimens was placed in a rapid thermal annealing system (RTS) for laboratory use, followed by heating an internal temperature of the RTS to about 670° C. for 5 minutes. Next, the RTS was maintained at the internal temperature for 5 minutes, followed by cooling the internal temperature thereof to room temperature.
Before and after heat treatment, visible transmittance and haze were measured on each specimen using a Haze-Gard plus apparatus, and emissivity was measured on the specimen using an emissiometer (MK3). In addition, changes in spectral characteristics of the specimen before and after heat treatment were observed using a spectrophotometer (KS L 2514 standard). Results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 ΔVisible light trans- ΔHaze ΔEmissiv- Remarks mittance (Haze) ity (%) Example 1 Change before and after 2.6 0.08 0 heat treatment (Δ) Example 2 Change before and after 1.4 0.14 0 heat treatment (Δ) Example 3 Change before and after 4.1 0.03 0 heat treatment (Δ) Example 4 Change before and after 4.3 0.02 0 heat treatment (Δ) Example 5 Change before and after 1.6 0.03 0 heat treatment (Δ) Comparative Change before and after 13.2 3.37 39 Example 1 heat treatment (Δ) Comparative Change before and after 4.9 0.13 0 Example 2 heat treatment (Δ) Comparative Change before and after 5.3 0.03 0 Example 3 heat treatment (Δ)
As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the specimens of Examples 1 to 5 using the SiN_(x) layer had no changes in emissivity before and after heat treatment and exhibited significantly reduced changes in visible light transmittance and haze, as compared with the specimen of Comparative Example 1. From these results, it can be seen that the SiN_(x) layer protected a low-emissivity layer and a low-emissivity protective metal layer after heat treatment.
In comparison of the specimen including the SIN_(x) layer between a metal layer and an oxide dielectric layer on both upper and lower surfaces thereof (Example 1) with the specimen including the SnZnN_(x) layer disposed instead of the SiN_(x) layer (Comparative Example 2), it can be seen that the specimen using the SIN_(x) layer exhibited smaller changes in visible light transmittance and haze. From these results, it can be seen that the specimen using the SiN_(x) layer instead of the SnZnN_(x) layer exhibited still further improved heat resistance.
In comparison of the specimen including the SIN_(x) layer between a low-emissivity protective metal layer and a dielectric layer on each of upper and lower surfaces thereof (Example 1) with the specimen including the SIN_(x) layers on both uppermost and lowermost surfaces of a coating layer (Comparative Example 3), it can be seen that the specimen of Example 1 exhibited smaller changes in visible light transmittance before and after heat treatment.
In addition, it can be seen that the specimens including the SIN_(x) layer between the low-emissivity protective metal layer and the oxide dielectric layer only on the upper (or lower) side thereof (Examples 3 and 4) exhibited smaller changes in visible light transmittance, as compared with the specimen of Comparative Example 3. In comparison of the specimens of Examples 3 and 4, which included one SIN_(x) layer between the metal layer and the oxide dielectric layer and the other SIN_(x) layer on one outermost side of the coating layer, with the specimen of Example 1 including the SIN_(x) layer between the metal layer and the oxide dielectric layer on each of the upper and lower surfaces thereof, it can be confirmed that, although the specimens of Example 3 and 4 exhibited better heat resistance than the specimen of Comparative Example 3, the specimen of Example 1 including the SINx layer between the metal layer and the oxide dielectric layer on each of the upper and lower surfaces thereof exhibited better heat resistance and thus further improved optical properties than the specimens of Examples 3 and 4. From these results, it can be seen that use of the SIN_(x) layer between the low-emissivity protective metal layer and the oxide dielectric layer further contributed to improvement in heat resistance of the specimen, as compared with use of the SIN_(x) layer on the uppermost or lowermost side of the coating layer.
Since the specimen of Example 5 included the four SIN_(x) layers in total and thus had an increased thickness, the specimen of Example 5 exhibited excellent heat resistance.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
- - 100, 200: low-emissivity transparent laminate - 110, 210: substrate - 120, 220: low-emissivity layer - 130, 230, 260: low-emissivity protective metal layer - 140, 240, 270: silicon nitride layer - 150, 250, 280: dielectric layer - 190, 290: coating layer
1. A low-emissivity transparent laminate comprising: a substrate; and a coating layer, wherein the coating layer has a multilayer structure comprising a low-emissivity layer, a low-emissivity protective metal layer, a silicon nitride layer and a dielectric layer stacked sequentially from the substrate.
2. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the low-emissivity layer has an emissivity from 0.01 to 0.3.
3. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the low-emissivity layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cu, Al, Pt, ion-doped metal oxides, and combinations thereof.
4. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the low-emissivity layer has a thickness from 10 nm to 25 nm.
5. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the low-emissivity protective metal layer has an extinction coefficient from 1.5 to 3.5 in a visible light range.
6. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the low-emissivity protective metal layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cr, alloys of Ni and Cr, Ti, and combinations thereof.
7. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the low-emissivity protective metal layer has a thickness from 1 nm to 5 nm.
8. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the silicon nitride layer comprises SiN_(x) (1≦x≦1.5) or (Si_(1-y)M_(y))N_(z) (M is one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Co and combinations thereof; 0.01≦y≦0.2; and 1≦z≦1.5).
9. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the silicon nitride layer has a thickness from 5 nm to 20 nm.
10. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal nitrides and combinations thereof, or comprises the at least one doped with at least one element selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), boron (B), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), antimony (Sb), beryllium (Be), and combinations thereof.
11. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, tin oxide, bismuth oxide, silicon nitride, silicon aluminum nitride, and combinations thereof.
12. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer has a thickness from 5 nm to 60 nm.
13. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a transparent substrate having a visible light transmittance from 90% to 100%.
14. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a glass or transparent plastic substrate.
15. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer has a symmetrical structure in which the low-emissivity protective metal layer and the dielectric layer are sequentially stacked on both surfaces of the low-emissivity layer, and at least one of two pairs of the low-emissivity protective metal layer and the dielectric layer comprises the silicon nitride layer interposed therebetween.
16. The low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer further comprises at least one silicon nitride layer on uppermost and lowermost surfaces thereof.
17. A building material comprising the low-emissivity transparent laminate according to claim
1..
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https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/127374 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Ed Beal, Jim Stewart, Jimmy Fix-it, Mazura, ThreePhaseEel, https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/23295, https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/23920, https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/27099, https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/35141, https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/44366, https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/62521, isherwood | English | Spoken | 786 | 1,015 | Floor tile murals, is this proper?
I am looking for some feedback on a floor tile mural that I recently had installed.
My contractor used some fairly thick grout lines, and I am questioning whether or not this was the proper thing to do for this sort of tile.
After questioning him, he claimed that this is industry standard. And that using a linen color sanded grout would be just fine, and refused to pop the tile back up and re-align it. I tried to search around the ANSI for tile standards and couldn't find anything that talked about this sort of tile.
I did some research and understand the need for at least a 1/32 grout line, but it seems impossible to make this tile look good with the large gaps that he used.
See the photos for more context.
EDIT:
1/8" inch were used, tile is 32"x32"
The question here is, is this a standard practice for a tile of this format? Since this tile is portraying an image, is there a specific standard for that sort of thing?
Thoughts?
I think it looks gorgeous. You did not place anything in the picture for scale, how wide are the gaps?
It looks fantastic to me. Tile has grout lines. These appear to be 1/4" or so, based on the tile thickness, which is fairly typical for large tile, and they apparently match those used on the rest of the floor. The question is subjective, and it's a bit silly to expect industrial standards for style. Voting to close as opinion-based.
It seems you created two accounts by accident -- please merge them so that you can gain reputation properly for your posts
Looks good to me the tiles are aligned, in my opinion darker grouts are better because light colors look dirty with use. With a light color the area where the tile is dark would look bad. But it is all opinion. But the tile job is one of the best ones I have seen posted on this site.
When we had some tile installed I asked for the narrowest grout line in the range that the tile manufacturer specified. I held the uninformed opinion that narrower the better, but this is not true. Turns out that it is more difficult to grout the narrower spaces, and discontinuities in elevation are more pronounced. Your job looks perfect and I applaud your installer for refusing to adjust any tiles.
Assuming they scrape that thinset sticking out before they grout; pay them w/e they want! ;) Also, 32" tiles? This guy is good.... I'd refuse to do that job - I have a reputation to worry about ;)
The pictures show a beautiful job so far.
Grout lines that are too narrow make tiles that have some size variation very obvious. In addition somewhat wider grout lines allow some minor tile misalignment to be accommodated without it sticking out like a big thumb. This includes variation in the tile X&Y dimensions as well as small variations of the laid height of the tile.
I suggest that you are very observant right now as you are forking over good money to get this installed. I would venture to guess that after the installation has completed and you have walked over it a few hundred times that you will be completely past any concerns that you have today.
It's not terrazzo; there will be grout lines. I try to never go less than 1/8", or it will crack.
Grout lines less than 1/8" will be smaller than most manufacturer's specifications. You'd probably need epoxy to go that small.
Give me your tile guy's number... someone who will do it right, even if you specifically ask otherwise.
Also, at this point, if you wanted those tiles to be closer, 3/4s of the floor need to be pulled up, and a sliver off of an entire horizontal and vertical row needs to be sliced off; out of the question. And then you'd have a whole bunch of tiles that look funny.
They're the same size as all the rest of the tiles; they go where they go. The other option is to just bring them closer to each other. Then you'd have a border of grout which would look worse.
That's as good as it gets unless you want to drop 10k on a terrazzo job.
Just wait until it's grouted. It will look exactly how it's supposed to look. Which was predetermined by the spacers used on the main tiles. If you're looking to place blame, it's on whomever chose that spacing, and failed to temporarily lay the medallion out with that spacing to verify the client's wishes.
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documentsofassem1323newy_3 | English-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,831 | Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York | New York (State). Legislature. Assembly | English | Spoken | 6,000 | 8,687 | All. Providing for public administration All. in New York city in certain cases. 1801 193 All. Relating to duty on strong liquors All. and regulation of inns and taverns, 1801 193 amending L. 1788, Ch. 48. Repealing L. 1797, Ch. 101, relating to the relief of the poor. All. Authorizing land office to issue certain letters patent. All. Authorizing land office to issue certain letters patent. All. Authorizing governor to change all place of holding courts. 1801 193 All. Inspection of flour and meal for ex- All. portation; repealing in part L. 1800 97 1785, Ch. 35, and L. 1788, Ch. 58. All. Regulating judgments on certiorari All. and repealing in part L. 1788, Ch. 1801 193 38, relative to over and terminer and jail delivery. All. Levying A tax and granting additional compensation to certain state officers. All. Authorizing comptroller to allow certain tax charges. All. Continuing state treasurer in office. All. and fixing his compensation; 1800 amending L. 1799, Ch. 16. All. Ceding jurisdiction over certain islands in New York harbor to United States. All. Authorizing tax for repairing court. All. Authorizing tax for repairing court. All. Relating to comptroller, amending L. 1801. All. 1801. All. 1797, Ch. 21. All. 1801. Providing for commissioners to settle land dispute with Connecticut. All... Remitting certain quit-rents, reviving all... All... Regulating clerks of certain courts in New York county. New York county. Reviving L. 1793, Ch. 14, providing for elections of United States senators. All... Extending L. 1794, Ch. 35, for partition of surveys. 1801 193 60 All. Regulating status and care of certain prisoners. 1801 193 61 All. Regulating conveyances by British subjects. 1801 193 70 All. Providing for a revision of the laws of the state. 72 All. Regulating bond of sheriff amending all. L. 1787, Chs. 18 and 32, and 1801 193 L. 1798, Ch. 22. 74 All. Preserving salmon in rivers running into Lakes Ontario, Erie and 1801 193 Champlain. 76 All. Vesting title to certain lands on Staten Island in United States. 77 All. Authorizing surveyor-general to convey certain lands in Onondaga 1802 88 Champlain. All. Continuing, state treasurer in office; amending L. 1800, Ch. 5. All. Avoiding delay in executions; re-allowing L. 1788, Ch. 3. 1801 193 All. Regulating exportation of beef and pork; amending L. 1799, Ch. 61. 1803 101 17 Pt. 1881 537 1 All. 1801 193 All. 1804 93 26 All. 1804 93 26 All. Inspection of flour and meal; amending L. 1797, Ch. 88. 1801 193 All. Repealing in part L. 1787, Ch. 14, regulating costs. All. Requiring sheriffs and coroners to present bill of fees before suit. 1801 193 All. Regulating sale of bounty land warrants. All. Rants. 1801 193 All. Relief of Oneida, Stockbridge, All. Brother Town and Shinnecock Indians. 1801 193 All. Regulating the state prison ware- All. house. 1801 193 All. Infectious diseases; supplementing Pt. L. 1798, Ch. 65, and L. 1799, Ch. 19. 1881 537 1 All. 1801 193 All. Regulating terms of supreme and 1, 2, circuit courts and construing L. 1848 379 15 All. 1788, Chs. 32 and 46, and repeal- 1801 193 All. 1800, Chs. 94 All. Regulating the salt springs in Onondaga county; amending L. 1797, 1812 164 34 Ch. 90, and L. 1799, Ch. 58. 129 All . Regulating culling of staves and Pt . heading, supplementing L. 1788, . 1823 58 12 Pt . Ch. 56 . 1881 537 1 50 Board of Statutory Consolidation Statutes Amended or other¬ wise affected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Subject Law Ch. § LtiW Ch. § 1800 129 All . 1801 193 132 All . Assessment and collection of taxes, All . amending L. 1799, Ch. 72 . 1801 193 133 22. 25, 28 Providing for compromise of certain 22 . claims against the state; drawing . 1801 193 of certain lotteries and regulating practice of medicine. 1801 2 All . Reviving L. 1798, Ch. 97, remitting certain quit-rents. 8 All . Regulating circuit courts and courts 1-3 . of oyer and terminer and jail de- . ; 1848 379 15 All . livery . 1813 202 9 All . Law of wills. All . 1803 99 .... 1813 202 10 All . Regulating court for trial of im- All . peachments and correction of er- . 1828 21* 1 ^42 rors. 11 All . Apprentices and servants. ■ 4 . 1808 192 2 4 . 1826 254 9-11 . 1808 192 2 U1 . 1816 75 .... 1828 21*21^43 13 All . Regulating writs of habeas corpus All . and certiorari . 1823 207 .... 1828 21*_^1 ^44 18 All . Relieving cities and towns from sup- 1 . port of bastard children . 1806 150 All . 1810 109 1-5 1813 202 24 All . Regulating election of United States All . senators . 1828 21* 1 ^45 25 All . Regulating writs of error. All. 1828 21* 1 t46 27 All. Councils of revision and appointment and describing arms and seal of the state. 28 All. Regulating office of sheriff. Pt. 1881 537 1 All. 1813 202 29 All. Punishment of treason. All. 1828 21* 1 t47 30 All. Idiots, lunatics and infant trustees. All. 1817 32.... 1828 21* 1 T48 31 All. Apprehension of felons and other offenders. 1828 21* 1 ^49 32 All. Apprehension of felons and other offenders. 1828 21* 1 ^49 33 All. Regulating office of state treasurer. 3, 5, pt. 1804 39 6 Pt. 1803 1 I All. 1813 202 34 All. Suppressing immorality. 3, 11. 1813 202 41 All. Continuing state treasurer in office. 43 All. Coroners. All. 1828 21* 1 t 50 44 All. Promissory notes. All. 1828 21* 1 t 51 45 All. Regulating exportation of flaxseed. 3 pt. and compensation of grain rneas 1821 240 11 Pt. urers. 1822 157 11 All. 1828 21 1 52 Historical Record of General Statutes Statutes Law Ch. Subject 1801 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 ab¬ sconding and absent debtors. Relieving creditors, against heirs and devisees. Regulating outlawries. Regulating the money of account of the state. Preventing malicious maiming. Preventing forgery and counterfeit¬ ing-. . . ;. Declaring crimes punishable with death or imprisonment in state prison. Regulating inspection of lumber. Regulating proceedings in criminal cases. Regulating elections. Preventing injury by dogs. Regulating culling of staves and heading. Regulating election of members of house of Representatives. Providing for writ of habeas corpus. Relief of imprisoned debtors. Regulating commissioners of land office and settlement of lands. . .. Amended or other¬ wise affected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Law Ch. § 1828 21* V 1 ^ 53 1827 10 .... 1828 21* 1 H 54 .... .. .... 1828 21* 1 21* 1 ^ 56 .... .... 1813 202 .... .... 1828 21* 1 ^ 57 .... .... 1828 21* 1 1 58 .... . • • 1805 61 9 .... .... 1807 66 7 .... .... 1813 202 1811 201 1,2 1807 112 1813 202 .... R.L. 1813 412 9 1826, 161 .... 1828 21* 1 1[ 60 1802 90 1823 58 12 .... . .. .... 1881 537 1 .... .... 1813 202 1802 72 .... 1813 202 .... .... 1813 202 1809 151 1813 202 1807 176 1809 95 202 1808 173 1813 202 1828 21 1 61 1848 379 15 1803 2 1813 202 1813 202 1813 202 1807 145 1813 202 1807 145 1813 202 1812 91 1806 43 1808 105 1812 85 1813 202 1819 33 1813 202 1804 8 1811 175 37 1828 21 1 62 1809 137 1807 107 1809 137 1811 238 1813 202 1881 537 1 1813 202 1809 188 1815 202 1808 200 1804 108.... 1813 202 Second meeting. Historical Record of General Statutes Statutes Amended or otherwise affected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Law Ch. § Law Ch. § Law Ch. § 1801 110 6, 7, 9, Regulating courts of common pleas 11-18.. and general sessions. 6, 7, 9, Il¬ Is. 1813 202 Pt. 1824 2 2 Pt. 1824 181 4 Pt. 1828 21 1 550 Pt. 1848 379 32 113 All. Regulating oaths of office. All. 1806 141 3 1813 202 115 All. Making equity process effectual against absconding mortgages. 1806 167 4 All. 1813 202 116 All. Regulating auctions and stock. 1810 56 1 8.. 1808 240 25 Pt. 1881 537 1 All. 1804 65 All. 1806 81 3,4 All. 1809 5.... 1813 202 121 All. Regulating the state prison. 21. 1804 109 20 All. 1813 202 124 All. Preventing grave robberies. 1819 217 3 All. 1819 217 1-2 1828 21 1-2 1-64 125 All. Apportioning representation in the legislature. 1813 202 126 All. Establishing lotteries for promotion of literature. 1804 20 1-2 All. 1819 206 42 127 All. Preservation of fish in certain waters. 1 pt. 1836 129 1 1-3. 1804 73 4pt. 1807 146 2 4pt. 1811 156 3 Pt. 18 07 140 1 Pt. 1807 146 1 Pt. 1822 151 All. 1813 202 130 All. Regulating inspection of flour and meal. 1809 8 2 5 pt. 1821 240 12 Pt. 1881 537 1 All. 1808 29 131 All. Regulating insolvency. All. 1805 17 All. 1808 2 All. 1808 163 1-10 All. 1809 159.... 1811 123 21 133 All. Regulating court of chancery and proceedings therein. 1806 167 4 All. 1813 202 135 All. Regulating court of chancery and proceedings therein. 1806 167 4 All. 1813 202 135 All. Regulating court of chancery and proceedings therein. All. 1813 202 138 All. Regulating repacking and inspection of beef and pork. 1802 117 3 15. 1802 117 1,2 Second meeting. 54 Board of Statutory Consolidation Law Ch. 1801 138 138 141 144 146 147 155 156 158 Regulating appointment and duties of district attorneys. Regulating Indian affairs. Regulating acknowledgment and recording of deeds and conveyances; repealing in part L. 1794, Ch. 1. Regulating mortgages. Regulating inspection of sole leather. Providing for a constitutional convention. Laying a duty on strong liquors and regulating inns and taverns. Regulating recovery of debts less than twenty-five dollars. Organizing state militia. Regulating inspection of pot and pearl ashes. Preventing alienations by life tenants and recoveries by collusion. Regulating costs in actions. Fixing salaries and fees of certain state officers. Law Ch. § 1803 101 17 • •. • 1881 252 1 1813 202 1804 75 1806 161 1807 117 .... 1813 202 1806 167 1-2 1805 128 3 .... 1813 202 1809 83 1808 156 .... 1813 202 1881 537 1 1806 159 28 .... 1821 203 2 1816 210 2 1806 96. 1824 145 1881 537 1 .... 1828 21-1 65 1803 55 2 .... 1805 93 5 1805 93 1-4,6 1808 204 31 1806 166 7 1808 154 25 1802 120 1803 87 1808 154 1-24 1809 165 98 .... 1818 222 60 .... 1823 244 76 1802 19 4 .... 1881 537 1 1802 19 1-3, 5,6 1813 202 .... 1822 164 20 .... .... 1828 21* 1 T 66 1803 103 33 1804 59 .... 1813 202 1805 135 4 .... .... 1813 202 Second meeting. Historical Record of General Statutes 55 Statutes Amended or otherwise affected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Subject Law Ch. § Law Ch. § 174 All. Regulating executors and administrators. 1813 202 testates’ estates. 175 All. Regulating the taking of a state All. census. 1845 140 17 176 All. Regulating partition of lands. 3. 1806 92 3. 1807 158 3 pt. 1811 43 2 All. 1804 78 All. Regulating public salt works and re- All. pealing in part L. 1797, Ch. 90... 1812 164 34 .... All. .... 1825 326 58 179 All. Assessment and collection of taxes. 1805 94 13 18. 1805 135 30 Pt. .... 1881 537 1 All. 1802 118 All. 1804 94 1-12 All. 1807 136 All. 1808 201 1-15 All. 1809 157 1-6 All. 1810 156 All. 1811 30 All. 1813 17 1813 202 180 All. 1801 187 15 Pt. 1801 187 15 Pt. 1816 86 11 Pt. 1819 222 7 All. 1809 157 7 1828 21 f 67 184 1-28, 25- Providing for the settlement and re- 29, 41 lief of the poor. 1-23, 25- 29, 41. 1808 192 1-23, 25- 29, 41. 1-25 23. 1809 90 25-29, 41. 1813 202 185 All. Regulating office and duties of 1803 22 All. Regulating office and duties of 1803 22 All. Regulating highways and repealing S2, 34, certain acts. 40, 41 1. • • • • 1813 202 1. 2... 1804 49 3 1908 330 318 2-14. .. • • 1813 202 2-14. .... 1978 330 318 15. 1802 75 Second meeting. 56 Board of Statutory Consolidation Statutes Amended or otherwise affected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Law Ch. § Law Ch. § 1801 186 15-27,30, 32 34 40’41..’. 1813 202 15-27,30, 32, 34, 40,41. 1908 330 318 Pt. 1808 205 1-5. 7 Pt. 1810 13 2,3 Pt. 1811 97....R.L.1813 33 47 187 All. Regulating quit-rents and limiting 2. L. 1801. Ch. 183. 1809 164 26 3. 1802 114 3. 1803 96 3. 1805 120 3. 1806 171 1 All. 1804 111 22 All. 1808 13 All. 1811 248 188 All. Concerning slaves and servants. 7 pt. 1807 77 2 10. 1802 52 _ 1804 40 All. 1807 77 All. 1813 203 29 1813 202 189 S. Repealing L. 1797, Ch. 34, and L. 1795, Ch. 75, § 5, for the encouragement of schools. 190 All. Regulating fees of officers and ministers of justice; repealing L. 1785, 1813 202 Ch. 71, and L. 1789. Ch. 25. 194 All. Providing for publishing the laws of the state. 195 28. School moneys, supplementing L. 1795, Ch. 75. 1802 3 All. Continuing state treasurer in office. 15 All. Regulating the court of chancery. 1 pt. 1804 58 6 All. 1813 202 19 All. Inspection of pot and pearl ashes, Pt. amending L. 1801, Ch. 167. 1881 537 1 All. 1813 202 All. 1822 164 20 30 All. Authorizing election of presidents of incorporated academies. 31 All. Regulating circuit courts in city. and 1. county of New York. 1848 379 15 All. 1804 55 All. 1808 8.... 1813 202 32 All. Authorizing tree planting along certain highways. 1813 202 All. 1908 330 318 36 All. Lands in the Oneida reservation, supplementing L. 1800, Ch. 126. 37 All. Designating duties of agent, clerk. All. factor and inspectors of state. 1813 202 prisons. 38 All. Extending time for payment of state money loaned pursuant to L. 1792, Ch. 25. 44 All. Preventing horse racing and raffling. All. 1820 96 IIISTORICAL RECORD OF GENERAL STATUTES Law Ch. 1802 44 47 49 50 52 68 72 75 78 81 82 83 85 88 90 91 110 112 114 117 118 120 Statutes § Subject All. All. S. Authorizing conveyance to United States of Black Rock, on Lake Erie, for military post. All. Enabling aliens to hold born of slaves; All. amending L. 1801, Ch. 188. All. Regulating state prison guard. All. Division of state into congressional districts, amending L. 1801, Ch. 64. All. Certificate of necessity of highway, Facilitating the discovery and sale of All. estates of All. Attainted persons. Court of probates, office of surrogate 2-5. Court of probates, office of surrogate All. Regulating duties of the commissary All. of military stores. All. Extending L. 1800, Ch. 77, authorizing surveyor-general to convey certain lands in Onondaga county. All. Exportation of white ash heading, amending L. 1801, Ch. 63. All. Powers of commissioners of the land All. Office as to defective titles, amending L. 1801, Ch. 69. All. Authorizing surrogates to appoint All. guardians for infants. 1-5, 13. Providing for survey of unappropriated lands, sale of same and 13. preventing intrusions thereon. All . Extending time for the remission and commutation of certain (piit-rents. All . Exportation of beef and pork, amend- Pt . ing and repealing in part L. 1801, All . Ch. 138. All. All . Assessment and collection of taxes. All . amending L. 1801, Ch. 179. All . Organization of the militia, amend- All . ing L. 1801, Ch. 166. .•\m ended or other¬ wise aitected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Law Ch. § 1821 193 1826 108 1828 179 .... 1828 21* 1 ^ 69 1804 109 26 1805 25 1808 175 1,2 1896 547 300 1818 93 .... 1813 202 .... . .. 1813 202 .... .... 1813 202 . . .. .... 1804 19 3 318 .... 1813 202 .... .... 1813 202 1804 111 9, 10 . . .. .... 1813 202 1828 21* 1 1'lOO 1808 154 1813 202 1813 202 1813 202 1881 537 1 1803 101 17 1804 93 26 1813 202 1809 165 98 ^Second meeting. 58 OF Statutory Consolidation Statutes Amended or other¬ wise affected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Subject Law j Ch. 1 § Law j Ch. § 1802 120 All 1803 1 All . Appointing state treasurer; araend- 1 . ing L. 1801, Ch. 33, relating to. 2 pt., 3. office of state treasurer, and pro-. 2, 3 . viding for the destruction of cer-. tain bills of credit. 2 All . Terms of supreme court, amending All . L. 1801, Ch. 75. All. 14 All . Compelling superintendents of high- All . ways to account with supervisors. 15 All . Providing account books for loan offices. All. Continuing L. 1801, Ch. 185, relative to office and duties of comptroller. All. Apportioning senators in eastern and western districts. All. Fixing compensation of inspectors or commissioners of turnpike roads. All. Drawing of jurors' names, amending L. 1801, Ch. 98, 1804. All. Preservation of state laws. All. Regulating practice of physic and surgery, amending L. 1801, Ch. 144. All. Ceding jurisdiction of Great Gull island and Little Gull island to United States. Repealing in part L. 1801, Ch. 165, for recovery of debts less than twenty-five dollars. All. Preventing duelling. All. Leasing state lands; expenses of commissary of military stores and purchase of arms. All. Organization of the militia, supplementing L. 1801, Ch. 166. All. All. Regulating commissioners of the land. Office. 1805 96 9,10. 90 All. Regulating salt springs, Onondaga All. county. 96 All. Reviving and extending L. 1801, Ch. All. 187, § 3, concerning quit-rents. 1804 111 97 All. Preventing destruction of deer. All. amending L. 1788, Ch. 82. 99 All. Certificate of probate of will, amending L. 1801, Ch. 9. 101 All. Regulating exportation of beef and pork and repealing certain acts. All. 103 19,28,31- Regulating fees of witnesses and prosecution of persons withholding state money. 1818 222 60 1823 244 76 1813 202 1813 202 1804 1 All. Regulating weights and measures. All. amending L. 1784, Ch. 25. 1813 202 2 All. Continuing state treasurer in office. 3 All. Regulating terms of circuit courts, and courts of over and terminer, Albany county. 8 All. Health provisions relating to the port of New York, supplementing L. 1881 537 All. 1801, Ch. 86. R.L.1813 37 37 All. 1813 202 19 All. Division of state into congressional districts; repealing L. 1802, Ch. 72 1808 170 3 20 All. Appointment of manager of lotteries All. for promotion of literature, supplementing L. 1801, Ch. 126. 27. Repealing certain acts providing for recovery of debts. 31 6 . Providing for members of assembly 6 . in Seneca and Cayuga counties . 1813 202 39 All . Authorizing comptroller* to subscribe 1-5 . to stock of New York state bank . 1813 202 All . and regulating duties of comp- 1829 226 troller and treasurer. 40 All . Repealing in part L. 1801, Ch. 188, All . concerning slaves and servants . 1813 202 48 All . Payment of arrears of United States tax. 49 All . Highways in Kings, Queens and All . Suffolk counties, amending L . 1830 56 107 All 1801. Ch 111, and extending L. . 1908 330 318 1801, Ch. 186, § 2. 55 All . Circuit courts and trial of issues in 1 . New York; amending L. 1802, Ch . 1848 379 15 All . 31, and L. 1803, Ch. 32 . 1813 202 58 All . Regulating duties and fees of certain Pt . officers in chancery . 1828 21*1^126 59 All . Costs in actions of trespass; amending All . L. 1801, Ch. 170, § 8 . 1813 202 65 All . Auctions in New York city; amend- Pt . ing L. 1801, Ch. 116 . 1881 537 1 All . , 1806 81 3,4 All . 1808 5t .... 1813 202 68 All . Appointment of supreme court re- All . porter . 1809 124 .... 1813 202 All . 1814 193 73 All . Extending L. 1801, Ch. 127, for pre- All . servation of fishery in certain . 1813 202 waters. 75 All . Brothertown Indians supplementing All . L. 1801, Ch. 147 . 1813 202 ♦Second meeting, t Thirty-second session. 60 Board of Statutory Coxsolidation Law Ch. § 1804 78 1.2 pt... 79 All. repealing L. 1785, Ch. 54. Providing for appointment of gaugers. Preventing embezzling of floating timber on Hudson river. Sale of property under execution, supplementing L. 1801, Ch. 105... Extending L. 1801, Ch. 121, and L. 1802, Ch. 49, enabling aliens to hold real estate, regulating writ of inquiry and auditing of certain accounts. Regulating sale of unappropriated and forfeited lands, amending L. 1802, Ch. 8, and extending L. 1801, Ch. 187, and L. 1803, Ch. 96, relative to quit-rents. Restraining unincorporated banking associations. Relating to presidential electors. Continuing state treasurer in office. Authorizing sale of warrants for military bounty lands. Publication of notices in insolvency proceedings, amending L. 1801, Ch. 131; publication of the session laws. Directing redemption of lands sold for United States tax. Extending L. 1802, Ch. 49, enabling aliens to hold real estate. Time of payment of principal of loan office moneys, extending L. 1795, Ch. 68. 1807 63 .. . . 1813 202 . . .. .. 1811 175 37 1806 ieo 1813 202 .... .... 1813 202 1808 63 3 • ■ • • • p • • p • • 1805 44 < • • p • p • p p p • 1881 537 1 1808 63 .... 1813 202 1811 30 p p p • 1813 202 1811 89 2,3 1810 172 2 .... .... 1828 21* 1 71 1806 171 2 .... .... 1813 202 1896 547 300 1813 202 1813 202 1827 9* 4 1 1811 123 21 1809 164 13 1828 21* 1 56 1896 547 300 ♦Second meeting, t Twenty-eighth session. IIlSTOKICAL KeCORD OF GeKERAL STATUTES G1 f Statutes .^mended or other¬ wise aftected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Subject Law Ch. § Law Ch. § 1805 44 All . Repealing in part L. 1804, Ch. 93, regulating repacking and inspec¬ tion of beef and pork. 60 All . Continuing L. 1801, Ch. 185, regu¬ lating office and duties of comp¬ troller. 61 All . Inspection of lumber; repealing L. Pt . 1801, Ch. 59. All. 66 All . Raising a fund for support of com- All . mon schools. 90 All . Prosecutions for libel. All. 91 1-9 . Lotteries. 1-9 .. 93 All . Regulating recovery of debts less 6 . than twenty-five dollars, amend-. All . ing L. 1801, Ch. 165. 94 All . Preventing trespasses on land. All. 96 All . Regulating the land office and pro- All . viding for translation of Dutch. records. All rights of grantees of reversions All against lessees and lessees’ rights 1860 396 against owner of reversions, amending L. 1788, Ch. 7. All. Declaring priority of purchase money All mortgages. All. Allowance to commissary of military stores and repealing in part L. 1803, Ch. 86. Enlarging jail liberties of Clinton county and permitting confinement of Essex county prisoners in Clinton county jail. All. Remission and commutation of quit-rents, extending L. 1801, Ch. 187, §3. S. Extending to St. Lawrence county L. 1801, Ch. 155, § 4, regulating acknowledgments and recording of deeds. S. Extending to St. Lawrence county, L. 1801, Ch. 155, § 4, regulating mortgages and recording of deeds. S. All. Continuing state treasurer in office. All. Oath to be taken By state officers. All amending L. 1801, Ch. 113. All. Ceding jurisdiction of certain lands to United States. real property of religious corporations, amending L. 1801, Ch. 79. Apportioning assemblymen in Madison and Chenango counties. All. Supplementing acts relating to public health. Reviving L. 1804, Ch. 65, regulating actions and stock-jobbing. All. Sale of partitioned lands, amending L. 1801, Ch. 176. Declaring residents of city of New York competent witnesses in cases where city is interested. Medical societies and regulation of practice of physic and surgery; re-practice of L. 1801, Ch. 144. All. Relieving cities and towns from support of bastard children, amending L. 1801, Ch. 18. All. Authorizing comptroller to discharge all state mortgages. All. Commissioners to inspect turnpike. All. roads, amending L. 1804, Ch. 81. All, Brothertown, New Stockbridge and All. Onondaga Indians, amending L. 1801, Ch. 147. All. Authorizing governor to purchase ordnance and ammunition. All. Acknowledgments and recording of all deeds and regulating sale of mortgaged premises, amending L. 1801, Ch. 155. All. Supplementing L. 1787, Ch. 4, concerning dower. Remission and commutation of quit-rent; timber floating on the Hudson river; extending L. 1801, Ch. 69 and 187, and L. 1804, Ch. 103. All. Preventing bribery and directing attorney-general to prosecute certain persons. All. Survey and appraisement of unappropriated lands. 187 5,6,8. Exchange of bills of credit and consolidation of certain actions by the state. 1807 2 All. Continuing state treasurer in office. 32 All. Increasing the common school fund. 38 All. Turnpike companies. 3. 16 pt 16. All. 1807 104 1812 63 1811 206 1807 117 1808 132 1809 107 1817 117 1818 65 1825 22 or otherwise affected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Law Ch. § 1807 43 47 50 51 63 All. All. All. Pt. All. All Imposing penalty on supervisors for failing to raise certain taxes. Regulating fishing with nets in Hudson river and preventing obstructions to navigation. 1809 . 1813 . 1813 85 1-4 1813 . 1815 202 85 202 146 5- 7 All. first proviso. 1 Ceding jurisdiction of certain lands to the United States. . 1808 51 2 1808 51 1,3-6 All 1815 121 2 All. All ... Regulating fees of secretary of state. . 1813 202 All. . .. All. . Enlarging jurisdiction of mayor’s courts of the cities of New York, Albany and Hudson as to partition of lands, amending L. 1804, Ch. .... . 1813 202 78. 65 e . Penalty for destroying advertise¬ ments of sale of personal property. 66 All . Inspection of lumber; repealing L. 1 pt . 1801, Ch. 59. 6.. Pt. All All All 71 All . Organizing a third regiment within Pt . the first brigade of artillery. 72 All . Providing for purchase and sale of All . Cayuga reservation. 74 All . Registry and discharge of state All . mortgages. 77 All . Persons removing slaves from state, All . amending L. 1801, Ch. 188. 87 All . Encouraging destruction of red foxes All . in Suffolk county. 89 All . Regulating jails, prisons, and places All . for holding court . .. 90 All . Division line between counties and All . towns. 94 All . Repealing in part L. 1805, Ch. 135, relating to state mortgages. 100 All . Preventing trespasses on oyster beds All . at Staten Island. 102 1-5 . Relating to leasing and sale of Onon- 1-5 . daga salt springs lots. 104 5 . Penalty for practicing physic or sur- 5 . gery without being legally author¬ ized. 107 All . Regulating pleadings and procedure All . in certain actions, supplementing L. 1801, Ch. 90. . . 1825 125 5 1825 282 . . 1881 537 1 1817 57 1822 1825 228 125 .. . . 1828 21* 1 . H 73 .... . . 1881 537 1. . . 1813 202 .... . . 1813 202 .... . . 1813 202 . . 1822 26 9 .... 1813 202 1813 202 1813 202 1813 164 Ch. 1813 202 2. 2. 161. Enabling certain foreign-born citizens to hold real estate. 1896 547 300 All. All. Perpetuating testimony of aged or infirm witnesses. 1813 202 All. 3. Establishing clerk’s office of supreme court, Oneida county... 1808 145 2 All. 1808 145 1 1813 202 All. All. All. Providing for leasing of gospel and school lots. Unpaid and non-resident taxes, amending L. 1801, Ch. 179. 1816 1808 202 201 6 14 1813 202 All. All. Repealing in part L. 1801, Ch. 127, for the preservation of fish in certain waters. Sale of decedent’s real estate to pay debts, amending L. 1801, Ch. 77. 1813 202 1,2. Preservation of fish in Croton river, amending L. 1801, Ch. All. All. . Sale of partitioned lands, amending L. 1801, Ch. 176. 1811 43 1811 43 2 1. All. All. Exempting people called Universal Friends from military duty. Regulating lotteries. 1819 206 42 1,3. 1,3. , Prohibiting circulation of bank notes less than one dollar in value. 1813 202 All. All. and allowing Onondaga Indians to lease lands. Granting of land under water of Hudson river, extending L. 1801, 1813 202 All. All. Ch. 69. , Inspection of fish. 1808 59 16 All. All. , Restraining registration and insurance of lottery tickets. 1809 36 1813 202 All. .... 1819 206 42 16, 27, 29, 30. 16, 27, 29, 30. Manner of foreclosing mortgages to the state. 1813 202 All. , Regulating insolvency proceedings, supplementing L. 1801, Ch. 131. 1813 202 All. , Reviving L. 1802, Uh. 31, relative to... Circuit courts in New York. All. Time for payment of state loans, extending L 1786, Ch. 40, and L. 1792, Ch. 25. 2. Inspection of flour and meal, attending L 1801, Ch. 130, 1813. Historical Record of General Statutes Statutes Amended or otherwise affected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Law Ch. § Law Ch. § 1808 34 All. Continuing L. 1801, Ch. 185, regulating office of comptroller. All. Erecting counties of Lewis, Jefferson All. and St. Lawrence into a district. and providing for district attorney therein. All... ... Ceding jurisdiction of certain lands All... to United States, supplementing 1817 16 L. 1807, Ch. 51. 59 All. ... Regulating inspection of fish; repealing All... regulating L. 1807, Ch. 180. 1809 8 3, 4 1813 202 63 All ... Repacking and inspection of beef and pork, amending L. 1804, Ch. 93. All. Regulating appointment of commissioners to inspect turnpikes. Apportioning representation in the legislature. Legislature. Facilitating purchase of lands for light-house at North Hempstead. All. Preventing kidnapping of free people of color. Extending L. 1801, Ch. 79. §11, relating to time for re-incorporating religious societies. All. Extending L. 1806, Ch. 171, §1, relating to quit-rents. All. ... Jurisdiction over certain territory All... disputed by New Jersey. ... 1828 21* 1 H 74 142 All... ,. Regulating salt works in Onondaga All... county. .... 1812 164 34 145 All... . Supreme court clerk’s office in Oneida All... county, supplementing L. 1807,. Ch. 133. 1813 202 154 All... . Organization of the militia, amending L. 1801, Ch. 166, and L. 1802,. . 1809 165 98 All..., Ch. 120. .... 1818 222 60 All.... .... 1823 244 76 155 All... . Declaring punishment of certain crimes. 1809 138 8 All.... .... 1813 202 158 All... .. Notices of sale of mortgaged premises, amending L. 1801, Ch. 156. 1809 83 .... 1813 202 163 1-10.. . Regulating insolvency proceedings 1-6 ... amending L. 1801, Ch. 131; pro-. 1811 123 21 7. viding for bailing of prisoners and. 1813 202 8. for other purposes. 1811 123 21 168 1-4... .. Authorizing purchase of ordnance and building of guard-houses. 170 All... .. Dividing state into districts for election of members of house of representatives, repealing L. 1804, Ch. 19. .... 1812 120 2 173 All... .. Inquisition as to lands about to escheat, amending L. 1801, Ch. 73. 174 All... .. Regulating deficiencies on certain loans by loan-officers of U'ster county; amending L. 1798, Ch. 93. 175 All... .. Enabling aliens to hold real estate. 1,2... extending L. 1802, Ch. 49. .... 1813 202 * Second meeting. 3 66 Board of Statutory Consolidation Statutes Amend. dor Otherwise affected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Subject Law Ch. § 1808 175 All. 186 All. Encouraging manufacturing of woolen cloth. All. 187 All. Encouraging introduction of merino sheep. 188 1-5, 7. 8. Regulating Brothertown Indians. 1-5, 7. 8.... 192 All. Settlement and relief of the poor in All. New York city; amending L. 1801, Chs. 11 and 184. 200 All. Sale of lands under execution, supplementing L. 1801, Ch. 105. 201 All. Assessment and collection of taxes; All. amending L. 1801, Ch. 179, and All. L. 1807, Ch. 136. 202 1-Jf.. Duties and privileges of towns, 1— i. amending L. 1801, Ch. 78, and L. 1804, Ch. 91. 204 All . Regulating recovery of debts less than 4 . twenty-five dollars; repealing L. 25 . 1801, Ch. 165. and L. 1805, Ch. 93. All. All. 205 1-5, 7 . . Laying out and altering highways, 1-5,7, pt. amending L. 1801, Ch. 186. 1-5. 7. 1-5, 7. 214 All . Exempting overseers of certain fac¬ tories from military duty. 215 1-3 . Regulating conduct and costs of cer- 1-3 . tain suits to recover land. 216 All . Authorizing standard of long measure. 218 All . Gospel, school and literature lots in Pt . Onondaga county, amending L. 1798, Ch. 48. 219 All . Fines and ‘ recoveries of lands and All . tenements, supplementing L. 1787, Ch. 43. 226 All . Punishment of public defaulters. All . . .. 236 2 . Appointing attorney for St. Regis 2 . Indians. 240 16, 22, 27, Regulating comptroller, supervisors, SO, 31, militia and captain of state prison 38,41-- guard. 16, 27 1809 56 1809 164 1809 157 1810 156 1809 186 1809 10 1809 186 1809 152 1815 56 1819 36 1821 189 1825 321 1834 130 1856 3 1811 243 . . . 1896 547 300 16 ... 1810 160 11 . . . 1813 202 . . . 1813 202 . . . 1813 202 1-6 . . . 1813 202 . . . 1810 193 14 . . . 1813 202 . ..R.L.1813 33 47 . . . 1813 202 . . . 1908 330 318 . . . 1813 202 1 1 1809 80 6 1809 156 4 1813 202 1828 21*. 1 •■75 1813 202 1813 202 * Second meeting. Historicax Record of General Statutes Statutes Amended or otherwise affected by Expressly repealed by Law Ch. § Law Ch. § Law Ch. § 1808 240 30,31. 1809 165 98 30.31. 1818 222 60 30.31. 1823 244 7^ 38. 1813 202 5* All. Reviving L. 1804, Ch. 65, regulating auctions and stock jobbing. All. 1-4. Regulating inspection of flour, meal 1,4. and fish; amending L. 1808, Ch. 59 1813 202 1809 10 All. Discharge of certain imprisoned deb- All. tors, amending L. 1808, Ch. 204. 1813 202 16 All. Providing compensation for president All. dential electors. 1813 202 17 All. Providing for state fortifications. 18 All. Appointing state treasurer. 36 All. Restraining insurance on lottery All. tickets, amending L. 1807, Ch. 181 1813 202 All. 1819 206 43 37 All. Prohibiting drawing of seines in All. Chetauque lake, 1813, 202 38 1,2. Temporarily restraining sale of unappropriated lands, appropriated lands, 1813, 202 44 All. Enabling manumitted slaves to hold property, and regulating marriage, 1813, 202 56 All. Manufacture of woolen cloth, amending L. 1808, Ch. 186. 66 All. Support of quarantine establishment, 1808, Ch. 217, 1822, 80, 1828, 21, 1849 83 All. Providing standard of long measure, all, repealing L. 1808, Ch. 217, 1822, 80, 1828, 21, 1849 83 All. Notice of | 23,749 |
https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/188748 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,015 | Stack Exchange | Ruskes, https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/129329, https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/46541, stupid | English | Spoken | 261 | 370 | Setting print size preset in AppleScript
I've been using Folder Actions to automate printing photos taken from OS X built-in Photo Booth software. The AppleScript I use is as follows:
on adding folder items to this_folder after receiving added_items
try
tell application "Canon iP2700 series"
activate
print added_items
quit
end tell
end try
end adding folder items to
Is there anyway I can set the print job to use a preset size using AppleScript or maybe change the defaults so that AppleScript prints uses that size by default?
I've noticed that they use the size at:
System Preferences > Printers & Scanners > Default paper size
But I require the printer to print at 75x105mm which is not in any preset.
If I say anything that you already know I apologize.
It all starts with your printer capability.
Does the Canon supports that size?
Open a app like TextEdit and use the "Page Setup".
Now select your printer and select the print size if available. If not available use the Manage Custom Size and add new size (+) and the dimensions.
Example:
Set it up:
Now go to Print (in TextEdit) and select the Printer & Scanner preferences and select default size.
size
Yes, I can print the custom size I want via print dialog just fine. I am attempting to do the same thing using only AppleScript.
Now when you use your AppleScript to print it will print in that selected size.
Oh. Sorry, I missed out a portion of your answer. I'm gonna try it out. Thanks so much
| 8,512 |
hal-00810709-hal-00810709.txt_1 | French-Science-Pile | Open Science | Various open science | 2,012 | Phononic band gaps and waveguide effects of surface acoustic waves in locally resonant structures phononic crystals. Acoustics 2012, Apr 2012, Nantes, France. ⟨hal-00810709⟩ | None | English | Spoken | 183 | 352 | Phononic band gaps and waveguide effects of surface
acoustic waves in locally resonant structures phononic
crystals
Abdelkrim Khelif
To cite this version:
Abdelkrim Khelif. Phononic band gaps and waveguide effects of surface acoustic waves in locally
resonant structures phononic crystals. Acoustics 2012, Apr 2012, Nantes, France. �hal-00810709�
HAL Id: hal-00810709
https://hal.science/hal-00810709
Submitted on 23 Apr 2012
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de
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publics ou privés.
Proceedings of the Acoustics 2012 Nantes Conference
23-27 April 2012, Nantes, France
Phononic band gaps and waveguide effects of surface
acoustic waves in locally resonant structures phononic
crystals
A. Khelif
Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies, 32
avenue de l’Observatoire 25044 Besancon Cedex
[email protected]
3661.
| 22,005 |
1999013001504 | French Open Data | Open Government | Licence ouverte | 1,999 | CLUB QUESTIONS POUR UN CHAMPION DE CARQUEIRANNE. | ASSOCIATIONS | French | Spoken | 36 | 52 | revaloriser et développer les connaissances générales de chacun, dans la pratique du jeu Questions pour un champion, en respectant l'esprit, le niveau et les règles, tout en conservant un caractère ludique dans un esprit de convivialité. | 39,216 |
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleutherius%20Pagliano | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Eleutherius Pagliano | https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleutherius Pagliano&action=history | Latin | Spoken | 21 | 50 | Eleutherius Pagliano (Casali natus die 2 Maii 1826; Mediolani die 5 Ianuarii 1903 mortuus) fuit pictor Italicus.
Nexus externus
Pictores Italiae | 7,676 |
AU7UAANY5TFYI4PWQ6AI5IVWWSDPDKFY_6 | German-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,906 | None | None | German | Spoken | 11,288 | 23,153 | Nr. 513. 10. Jahrgang. Leipziger Tageblatt. Tageblatt. 16. Oktober 1906. Gebrüder Korts, Futter. Alle Arten Molkereibutter zu Psd. 1.40, Ha Molkereibutter zu Psd. 1.28. Garant, feines Gänsefett zu Psd. 1.60. Große frische Eier zu Psd. 1.10. Neues Pflaumenmüs, garant, rein, dick, süß, 28 Psd.-Eimer 3.50. Schwimmschul, Magdeburg, Augustastrasse 24. Kleine Königlisitz, Vlassroto 10. 6. 3.25. Rennzugum „ 2.75. Annabergen „ 6.00. Blut- p. 1/2, 6. 4.00. Pflaumen, Schleußig „ 6.00. Aus Liegekort frei Haus, Kieselmitte Kesriliut. Rittergut Gaschwitz offeriert wieder die vorzüglichsten Speisekartoffeln, Rotkärnen und Salat. Kommei 1 Centner 3. M frei Haus Leipzig. Lieferung in ca. 14 Tagen. Bestellungen erbittet die 24-50 Rittergutsverwaltung. Spezialität — Gause, 1906er, vollkommen schlachtreif, garantiert lebende Anlage fr. per Nachnahme: 6 Stück 23, 10 Stück 37.50. Speckfette Ganse, Enten, Poulards, frisch geschachtet, gerupft, 10 Psd.-Korb franko 5, Kuh-Naturbucker 10 Psd.-Kiste franko 7,50. Buc, Buczacz br. Tarneditz Schles.). Frische Steirische 12. Verkäufe. Billige Bauplätze für Fabrikanlagen und Wohnhäuser an fertigen Straßen — eventuell m. Gleisanschluss — in der Nähe. Plauen. Bahnstation zu verkaufen. Baumstr. Leonard Stüber, Plauen, Nonnenstr, 11b. I. Gemeindekasse - Münze sind 3140 qm Land in der Elfter Aue, dicht am Orte gelegen, zu Landhausbau geeignet, billig zu verkaufen. Ausgeboten auch ver. med. daselbst, erbeten. Das hochbegossene Gebäude, über 600 Morgen Grundbesitz, ist verkäuflich, da der Besitzer nach Ostasien verzieht. Näheres durch 7w 4L Qvlavli, Plauen. Für Ladendienstleistungen im Zentrum gelegen. Grundstück, in Hauptverkehrslage (parallel der Grimm. Str.), für 60,000 zu verkaufen. Off u. l,. 0.3124 a. Rud. Moffe, hier. Al. Hans mit Garten Leutzsch, Bahnhofstr. 5, zu verkaufen. Nächs Leipzig, Reichstr. 8, Partie links. Hausgrundstück in Eilenburg, beste Geschäftslage, in welchem 32 Jahre Galanterie-, Kurz-, Spiel-, Wollwaren- Geschäft mit gutem Erfolg betrieben wird, ist auch ohne Warenlager bei wenig Anzahl, zu verkaufen. Laden wird 1. April frei, bietet gute Existenz. Ur. Gelvertber, Eilenburg, Leipziger Str. 43, I. In Grimma Terhau mit Eise, wegen Alters zu verkaufen, für 29,000 Llotur. Lister, Grimma. In bedeutender Kreisstadt Anhalts. Weinhandlung, Südfrüchte Konserven etc., Hochs. Lage, bet billig. Jahresmiete beg. Krankenhaus sofort abzugeben. Sehr saubere, altrenommierte Geschäft. Tageseinnahme 120—200 Mk. Gebrüder Korts, i-taolu. Teineau t. Anh. bedeutend in Sekilichemstallung! I. IstWirtschaftler. 50V0 M. iste Hrönntrini, welche ernten Verbindungen unterhält, will sehr zu Gross-Lerio und alle Vörorten eine Messe veranstaltet haben. Zu wissen, jedem ihrer Kunden ihre Kassen-konto preise beim Linienkautio. So dass ein Käufer, große Gesedelstücke ist. Unsere Kost ist. Und sonst wir uns die Grossträme so lenkbar, misslichster Weise um jeden einzelnen ihrer Länder bemerken, bis vollen sie nur strebsame Herren mit dem notwendigen Verständnis melden, damit die beiderseitigen Zurückweisungen redlich und gewissenhaft sind. Kokortie Okkerten unter 4. 4. 2151 an 34770 DM- G Gartengrundstück. G -WD.,^. In bester Buchhalterlage, nahe der Börse, ist ein herrschaftliches Haus, Parterre und zwei Etagen, 9 Zimmer, mit Erker und Veranda. Einfahrt und 14 m Garten für den billigen, aber festen Preis von 165,000 € zu verkaufen. Näh, nur an Selbstläufer und 4 Exped. der Blätter. Platz (ca. 1200 qm) mit Baukredit — Vorderwohnhaus und Geschäftsbetrieb. Fabrikgebäude — in der Eilenburger Straße — günstige Lage für Buchhändler, Buchbinder, Buchdrucker u.dgl. — zu verkaufen. Nähe, Contor Baumeister Ld. Steuer, L.-Plagwitz, Nonneuferstraße 11b. ES D G An der Promenade, nahe dem Centralbahnhof, ist ein Grundstück unter günstigen Verhältnissen verkauflich. Nur Selbstkäufer, nicht Vermittler, erhalten ausführliche Auskunft unter v. 72 durch die Expedition dieses Blattes. Dampfsägewerk Für Reiseleute bietet sich eine gute Gelegenheit, ein größeres Dampfsägewerk mit 40 m Schlitz und sonstige Einrichtung in Freiberg (Sa.) in der Zwangsversteigerung zu erhalten. Die Versteigerung findet am 19. Okt. Vormittag 10 Uhr vor dem Kgl. Amtsgericht Freiberg statt. Das Werk ist in gutem Zustand und besonders günstig gelegen. Der frühere Besitzer hat es 22 Jahre mit Erfolg betrieben. Wegen Auskunftserteilung oder Besichtigung wolle man sich wenden an L. Deondurdt, Rechtsanw. u. Notar, Freiberg i. 2. Haus Gisenergasse und Dachgenossenschaft. Im Vogtland ist eine schöne, gut rentable Maschinen-Fabrik vom Erben aufzugeben, auch wird ein Zinshaus, Aktien oder dergleichen mit in Zahlung genommen. 7, s 14. r.vkvvlt, Plauen i V. Brüder-LtM sör M. U. sr. verkäuflich, 14. Aufl., revid. Jubiläumsausg. 1898, 17 Prachtbände, wie neu, compl. und fehlerfrei, v. 25V postl. Meerane i. Sachs. 206077 NQTLQo vormals Gebäudetnng L Lo. Königstrasse 20. Anfechtung, königliche Städten. 8NIIS8 siete, Hauptweginstallation. Im Unternehmen, Oder. Schönheit, führen wir in Verbindung mit anderen Unternehmen u. s. w. Diejenigen, die solche verleihen, möchten sich melden, um Voranmeldung oder weitere Informationen zu erhalten. 11. Künstler, Elefantenstr. 43. Jägerhofsvtefabrik gegründet 1877 von 55V abwärts. 61avi6?8pi6lapparat6 O1«vlal,»s> von 5VV X an, pröllrauvt»td vorrütklpf. Garantie. 4730 N»vioo8, riSKvi,^s. Maschinen mit und ohne Örffel-?edule. und Vermietungskap. 307 0. -I. ZfS»»,»», Leopoldstr. 28, 1. ««»Ik»»«, » V, LKvrNv, - »4247 Einige Millionen verliehen, vermiethen, Löwestr. 17. 7,27 II!1 >fzlUlskl, Mi, 1 Ringasse 5 I. »ssr» Tafelförmiges Klavier, in» Tafel sehr gut erhalten, desgleichen auch Sicherheit, für lvv x sofort zu verkaufen Zeitzrr 2 Ringasse 53, I. r. VrlKtuLl-Vivtorlr Alleinverkauf sowie NtSuix-^ billigst. 830877 8. Sedubk, Leopoldstr. 24 1» Lok, 2 Lönnp«. ÄiK»liSsl»ci« verkaufen Seeburgstr. 26. II., links. 7212 Singer - Rähmaschine unter Garantie, 15—25 Peterssteinweg 10, I. r. 5282 MonLlsKaräerod« 4. ZL1n«I^ri»«iiu, Palzgäsichen v, I. 44/144 elegante Herbst- und Winter- ""paletots jeder Größe u. Weite, compl. Zackets u. Rockanzüge, Beinkleider zu soliden Preisen Paletots und Anzüge, die bis 12V .>« gekostet haben», werden von 15 bis 5V Mark verkauft. Auch finden elegante Fracks und Gesellschaftsanzüge verliehen. 4307 klsg. Lesldir. II. kecrisilöcKoiL b z.verk. L -Lindenau, Hellmutbstr. 6,1.r. e5<» 8tal«>«, hocheleg., gar. echt, vom eins, bis zum feinsten, sehr billig zu verkaufen 7272 Poststrasse 12, 2. Etage. ElsF» Aitrach, z. Jack, Tuch z. Kostüm, bill. cktl-stl^Sternwarienstraße 28 Oisaer. »rrsr MbtzI-^ii8Vkl'Iill»t. Mein Möbel-Magazin Katftarlnenstrafte 2, eines der größten Plätze, gebracht vollständig auf: sämtliche Etagen sind zu vermieten. Da die Zeit nur eine sehr kurze ist, bin ich gezwungen, die Möbel, tompl. Einricht, rc., zu einem nur denkbaren billigen Preis auszuverkaufen. Am Lager befindet sich noch Salons v. 200-5000 Speisezimmer v. 300-4000 Schlafzimmer v. 150-1400^, Herrenzimmer v. 225-1600^ Küche Einrichtung, verliehen, gewesen, einz. Möbel und solche, welche schon längst auf Lager stehen, aber ebenfalls gut erhalten sind, werden für jedes Preisverkauft. Rechtseitig, ist das Teppich-, Portiers-, Gardin- und Stores-Lager; hier sind die Preise fast bis auf die Hälfte zurückgesetzt. Ferner werden ferner in Beir. verw. Rekl.-Lampen, Mb.-Wg., prächtige Tr.-Hs.- und Ob.-Lichter v. Kunstvergl., elektr. Lichtanlagen, Gaskr. etc. Gek. Gegens. bew. b. Okt. unentgeltlich auf. »resr sliihelmiixiirin ksntciim, Kastanienstrasse 2. Altbekannter Billigkeiten Quellkrafte zugs Große Auswahl neuer und gebr. Möbel, Kleiderschr. v. 188, Bertigow v.251, Schreib sekretäre v. 25 >1, Schreibtische v. 18—130 Kommod, v. 10.E, Wascht, v. 5>1. Vorsaalschr. v.15^l,Spiegel 3—70^l,Küchenschrk. u.Tisch von 5 >!, Bettst. mit Matr. 8—60 .41, Sofas 18-90 >1, Tische 3—90 >1, Stühle 2—12.4. all. and.s.bill.Schletterstr.2, Pt., Llilitiugam. »7»35 Solide Preise, rv coul. ZahlUNgsbed. Flikötz SrtzrS Lull eins. ii. tlkg. TbLoTxrl. 5 Jahre Garantie. Gegründet 1886. Katalog gratis. N. billig. Thomasstraße 15. Eisschrank, L°"L,'L Fleischer, Rest., so gut wie neu, sowie 2 gebr. verlaust Eisschrankfabrik kraor Veder, Grorgrnstr. 6-8, Nähe Krystallp. Fernsprecher 9573. «4, Fortsetzung i« der 4. Beilage Heirats-Anzeigen. Gebietlen. PiermarlLl? l8iIjlcit)6l'-(l68Uek6 und -^n^ebote.' Beteiligung an solidem Unternehmen von erfahrenem Kaufmann mit 5V Mille Mark gesucht. Geneigte Offerten unter k. 27 an die Expedition dieses Blattes. »«sos bei Wilhelmshaven werden noch einige Kapitalisten oder eine Bank gesucht. Ausführliche Beschreibung zu beziehen d. die Geschäftsstelle der „Illustrierten Grundstück-Offerten" »4i«s Jng. IVlekulla, Berlin-Friedenau, Rembrandtstrasse Nr. 1. v. an nachweisbar lukrativ. Engros- oder Fabrik-Geschäft gesucht von jungem, kapitalkräftigen Kaufmann mit guten Reilersolgen. Off. u. v. L. 5 Frankfurter Str. 11, Ann.-A. »4332 Oelä- und Spitzenwiekener- Veil-Kolor. Realste Pre. zahlt nur ein Lumber f. getr. Herrens. Ritterstr. 23, II. es»» Schriftliche« Nebenerwerb durch »effenfchreib. u. Berlin. (bet 1000 Adressen 8 ^ll Verdienst). Der Offerte ist ein selbstgeschriebenes Touvrrt mit eigner Adresse beizufügen. Gefällige Angebote an die »«Ir«su,«i>-V»rl»«»-^i»at»It, Trespe« 28^ »4S33 Apothekenbesitzer in Kreisstadt der Prov. Sachsen, Wittwer mit 14jährigem Kind, sieht sich aus Mangel an Damenbekanntschaf zur Beschreitung dieses Weges gezwungen um beh. LLSLI^t Annäherung an gebildete Dame entsprech. Alters von angenehm. Aeußeren und tadel losen Rufes zu suchen. Betr. Herr ist 37 Jahre alt, ev.-luth., mittlere Statur, sehr solid und wünscht bei feiner Gattin neben wirtschaftlicher Tüchtigkeit vor allem aus- richtigen, liebevollen und häuslichen Charakter zu finden. Geehrte Angehörige werden höflich gebeten, möglichst ohne Wissen der betreffenden Dame Gelegenheit zum unauffälligen Kennenlernen zu bieten und Briefe unter 2. 4671 unter Zusicherung strengster Verschwiegenheit an d. Expedition dieses Blattes gelangen zu lassen. Geschäftlich. Vermittler ausgeschlossen, err KrOe ssWnfsImIr gibt Vertretung für Leipzig u. Umgebung gegen entsprechende Übernahme von Geschäftsanteilen. Offerten unter v. v. 67V an lknckDresden. 7>00 Die Gemeindesparkcafe Paunsdorf verzinst Einlagen mit 3 Expektationsset: Montag bis Freitag 8—12 und 2—5 Uhr. Sonnabends durchgehends 8—2 Uhr. 04347 mich mit ca. 3V.VVV tätig zu beteiligen oder ein bestehendes Geschäft käuflich zu übernehmen. Offert, erb. unter k. D. 353 an „In all den Dank", Leipzig, ossal Sie erhalten LsiüelieliselltiiiteL einzeln mit 5 Mark Anzahlung und wöchentlich 1 Mark Abzahlung Otto KUn^müIlor (dl. Tuclrbardt Aaselck.) 24 Sternwartenstraße 24. 807104 t>, ,u.. vLswpIlwr Llokarlsn liklliüss- Pttrrg . o. u>. I,. ZI. vlrl /um I./I, 67 ei» 0. lL»»t iurinIiis»v1i der bereits in dieser ürsnedv Ultig; nur. bestes Oskuit 2700 und ciro» 300 ^ll Tantieme, bei kreier IVodnuog mit 1 Aorgen grossen 0 art so, kreier Leiruag und Lelouobtuog. Lsverder, «elobv ikre tvekoiscbe und lrauk- mLonischs Lekäbigung vuckveisen bünoon, «erden ersucht, sied unter Lei- kilsung ihrer 2vuLnis»dsohrikten su o»elden. Tstrur»»» - IckttsvL» Wir suchen für leben Bezirk RvokKige Vvnli'vlvi' für einen konkurrenzlosen Haus haltungsartikel. 200 Monats gehalt und Spesenzuschuß. Muster und Engagemenlsbedingungen nur gegen Einsendung von 75 /H oder Nachnahme von 85 /H. Zeitungs reklame und durch Automobile über- nebmen wir. 7»» AMrchMtk L liiiili., G. m. b. H., 7«»n 7«iestn. Ein erstes Agenturgeschäft in Luckenwalde sucht die Vertretung eines leistungs- fähigen ILLi»inIta«8-H»U8v8. Gefl. Offerten unter 2. 4673 in die Expedition dieses Blattes erbeten. 470» Zur Beteiligung an einer sehr aus sichtsreichen und schnell realisierbaren TmmsprkllllltiM unmittelbar am neuen IlilegMen Schreibmaschine, iast neu. spottbillig. 60« Tauchaer Straße 50. I. l. 4^n 1s. Taurrbrandosen verkauft billig Tvnlsir. 22 I. 7Z24» Nürnberger Straße 8, b. Hausmann. jM" Motortransportdreirad 'Miü mit 1,30 x l m gr. Wagenkasten, wie neu, billig zu verk. Näheres und Besichtigung bei vobei-oeekor st tirvd, Dorotheenstraße 187. Hand-u.Geschaftswag.bNeujchf.Kirchsir.67. 7dZS Zur Erweiterung meines rentablen Geschäftes suche gegen weitgehendeste Sicherstellung circa 1V.VV0 Mar» mit 1v 7, Verzinsung auf ca. 5 Jahre. Gefällige Off. unter 2. 4672 in die Expedition dieses Blattes erbeten. Vertretung Mr Wien beziehungsweise Österreich-Ungarn in sucht besteingefübrte protokollierte Wiener Firma. Offerten sind demnächst in Leipzig. Gefällige Mitteilungen unter Chiffre „Voroebm und Lukrativ" an die Annoncen- Expedition Ludwig Kraau, Wien I, Rotenlurmstraße 9. 4Z2Z Zu der in dieser Woche zu gründen. Gesellschaft zur Errichtung einer rentablen Löstplantage ist noch einigen Herren Gelegenheit gegeben, sich mit Kapital daran zu beteiligen. Agenten verbeten. Offerten erb. unter L. 125 an die Exo. d. Bl. 271s II)I>lIiekeii-kenlr»Ie 30jähr. Basis 407037 werden Lindner, NÄ Belelbg. v. Gütern u. Zinshäusern günstigst. Erstere ü 3'/,»/^ — Tel. 9479. — Wo können Sie mit kleinem Kapital viele Ölstöcke verkaufen? L 10. Volkshaus versteigert 5 ?wüt erhaben. Verluste sie erstis. Koloniehaus durch bei reich, viele schon, Gelegenheit zu. Oeiverid Lohnverkehr, Lusitorialstrasse 65, 66, Colden, S. O. 4107. Auf hochst solides Hausgrundstück 1. L^-Anger s für jog. od. spät. 86,606 als erste Hypothek, u. stehen bereits an 2. Stelle 8000 dahinter. Off. erb. u. <j. 5. Expedition diese Blätter. 167 ^»glLndls« kreis«!! zahle ich für getragte Garderobe, Uniform, ganze Nachlass rc. Postkarte erb. Komme in Haus. »orro» I. Dt»»I. Ritterstraße 13. Getragte Damen-Garderobe kaufe zu reell. Preisen. Karte genügt. es»34 ^»v» 8elrrötvr, Elisenstr. 8, p. 5etlu!i-Vertreter. Bedeutende leistungsfähige Schuhfabrik, die als Spezialität bessere Mackay-Arbeit fabriziert, sucht für den Platz Leipzig nebst Umgebung einen gut eingeführten Vertreter. Off. mit Angabe der bisherigen Tätigkeit, des Alters und der Provisionsbedingungen unter L. 4667 an die Expedition d. Bl. „s» Alllbä s°nz zahm, 1 Jahr alt, ist b. zu mrk. f) U UM^Nüi nberger Str. 34, im Laden. »72s» 2 fehlerfreie Pferde aufs Land für Sattler-Versandgeschäft zu kaufen gesucht. Offerten mit Alters- u. Preisangabe an docs. Lupseli, Eutritzscher Straße 2, erbeten. es»«» Herr'chaitl. Wagenpferd, ca. 6 Jahre alt und 175 cm groß wird zu kaufen gesucht durch Kutscher Röhle, Lessingstr. 15. rs»s« At uche z. kaufen für Ausland getr. Herren- u.Dam.-Garo.,w.aucb g alt. zahle ».höchst. Pr., Karte gen. 8. ktsek, Gerberstrasse 48. »724» Kf.getr.TchuhwarenL.R»rtlu,Seeburgst.6O »7283 Möbel kaufen stets volle Hocheffizienz, Klostergasse 5. kS037 Ein gebräuchtes gut erhaltenes Tippelschreibtisch mit Aufsatz in hell polierter Eiche wird zu kaufen gesucht. Offerten unter 2. 4678 mit Preisangabe und Beschreibung befördert die Expedition d. Blattes. 47»« kaufen zu Tagespreisen Lngvrt, Brunnenbau u. Tiefbohrung. L.-Ludenau. iss»« Chaiselongue. 2 gr. Trumeaux, bess. Wäsche-schränke, Bistro u.Mtr.sof bll.Universitätsstr.121 - »7271 Altbekannte, solide, grösste und billigste Bezugsquelle Leipzigs. EklWrinke, Pille, Schreibtische in Eiche, Nußbaum, Kiefer u. gestrichen, 4sitzig, doppelt u. einfach Laden-, Contor- u. Arbeitstasen, Fach- u. Kastenregale, Contor-u. Warenschränke, Copierpress, Brücken-u.Tafelwg. O.vr iiutiuum, Schletterstr.2. T.3889. ,7«gr Grösste Auswahl! Billigste Preise! lielmMlile Kel^elirüiikk, Käufer u. a. solide, Ladeneinrichtungen! dl oNnn I lo alle Sorten Pulte u.Schreibmaschine, «ftllllpüllz Copierpressen Albertstr. 14, 1. 4. Beilage Die Zeitung, 16. Oktober 1866. Leipziger Tageblatt. —. SIS. IW. Jahrgang. Mutze steht und den Landen und Stranden. Ein Hamburger Roman von Gustav Falke. Nach einigen Minuten kam eine zweite, ähnliche Gesellschaft, ein ganzer Ruderklub mit seinen Damen, pfeifend, singend, in heiterster Stimmung. „Nun wird's gut", rief Kunkel, verfolgte aber aufmerksam den kleinen Zug der aus zwölf Paaren bestehenden Gesellschaft; es waren hübsche Mädchen darunter. „Adolf!" rief plötzlich eine weibliche Stimme. Adolf schrak zusammen, und Kunkel sah ihn vermutlich an. Ein junges Mädchen hatte sich von dem Arm ihres Begleiters losgemacht und war einige Schritte auf den Tisch der beiden jungen Leute zugelaufen, dann aber einen Augenblick verlegen stehen geblieben. Jetzt kam sie zögernd näher. Es war, wie Adolf zu seiner Überraschung sah, Helene. Er ging ihr entgegen; Kunkel, der nun auch die Schwester seines Begleiters erkannte, folgte ihm. Helene war von einer Freundin, deren Bruder diesem Ruderklub angehörte, unerwartet zu dieser Ausfahrt abgeholt worden. Man fand dieses Zusammentreffen doch „zu drollig", und namentlich Kunkel konnte nicht genug versichern, wie angenehm es ihm sei. „Das hätte ich doch sehr bedauert, gnädiges Fräulein. Wir wollten gerade geh'n." Adolf sah ihn von der Seite an: So? gesagt hast du nichts davon. „Wie schade", bedauerte Helene, „daß Sie schon weg wollen." Ihr Begleiter, der etwas abseits stehen geblieben war, und dem die Unterhaltung zu lange dauerte, näherte sich unentschlossen. Helene winkte ihn heran. „Darf ich die Herren bekannt machen? Herr Möller, Herr Kunkel, mein Bruder." „Kennen uns, glaub' ich. Was?" meinte Herr Möller und reichte Adolf die Hand. „Auch 'n bischen hier. Das ist recht." „Wir wollten gerade geh'n", äffte Adolf seinem Begleiter nach. „O, nun bleiben Sie man noch 'n bischen hier”, lud Herr Möller ein. „Ach ja, bitte”, schloß sich Helene etwas zaghaft ihm an, denn sie fühlte heraus, daß Herr Kunkel eigentlich nicht in diese Gesellschaft passte. Die Begegnung war ihr sehr peinlich. Andererseits wäre sie doch wieder gar zu gerne mit ihm zusammengeblieben, und sie werkte wohl, dass er sich mit Wohlgefallen betrachtete. Sie sah auch allerliebst aus in ihren hübschen Sonntagskleidern. „Wenn Sie denn gestatten, gnädiges Fräulein”, — eine feine Verbeugung, Herr Kunkel nahm die Einladung an. „Na, so fein sind wir hier nicht”, spottete Herr Möller. Helene wurde dunkelrot. „Um so besser. Immer fidel, das ist die Hauptsache, erwiderte Kunkel, der so leicht nicht in Verlegenheit zu setzen war. „Das mein ich auch. Immer fidel", sagte Herr Möller. Eifersüchtig schien er nicht zu sein, denn er ließ es ruhig geschehen, dass Helene sich an Herrn Kunkels Seite hielt, als sie sich, langsam vorwärts schlendernd, der an deren Gesellschaft anschlossen. Diese empfing die beiden neuen Gäste lärmend, ohne ein besonderes Zeichen, ob ihr dieser Zuwachs angenehm sei oder nicht. Man hatte einige Tische zusammengerückt und die vier Nachzügler fanden noch so eben einen Platz an einer unteren Ecke. Oben, am anderen Ende, saß Willy Schmüser mit seiner Dame, einer gewöhnlich aussehenden Person, deren rotes, volles Gesicht an Küche und Kochherd erinnerte. Er gewahrte Helene früher, als sie ihn. Beide hatten keine Ahnung, dass sie sich hier treffen würden; Helene wurde überall erst von Adolf aufmerksam gemacht. „Wie gräßlich", flüsterte sie. „Warum?" Er wusste ja nichts von ihrem Geheimnis. Sollte sie es ihm jetzt preisgeben? Sie antwortete nicht auf sein Warum; am liebsten wäre sie aufgesprungen und fortgelaufer. Wie kommst du wieder hier weg, war ihr einziger Gedanke, während sie sich mit krampfhafter Lebendigkeit mit Herrn Kunkel unterhielt, dem ihre Aufgeregtheit endlich doch ausfiel. Sie rieb sich nervös die Finger, betupfte alle Augenblick ihre Stirn mit dem Taschentuch und fächelte sich Kühlung zu. Da sie so eng saßen, dass es ihr unmöglich war, noch den Stuhl zu rücken, war sie gezwungen, wenn sie Schmusers Blicken ausweichen wollte, gerade vor sich in den Schoß zu sehen oder sich ihrem Nachbar zuzuwenden. So saß sie beständig mit einer halben Kopfwendung Herrn Kunkel zugewandt, der ihr seltsames Gebaren anfangs auf Rechnung seines persönlichen Zaubers setzte, bis er dahinter kam, dass hier andere Ursachen mit sprachen. Dann musste jemand in der Gesellschaft sein, dessen Anwesenheit ihr peinlich war. Vielleicht ein Verhältnis, ein Zerwürfnis, dachte er. Eine kleine Affäre von vorgestern, die heute geniert. Diese Meinung setzte sich bei ihm fest, und er war überzeugt, dass Helene nicht mehr „so ohne" wäre. Um so besser. Um so leichteres Spiel würde er mit ihr haben. Und er begann gleich, sein Benehmen ihr gegenüber nach seiner neuen Erkenntnis umzumodeln. Seine Reden wurden vertraulicher, seine Scherze gewagter, so dass Helene nun auch von dieser Seite her in Verwirrung gebracht wurde. Willy Schmüser beobachtete die beiden mit grenzenloser Eifersucht. Er goß ein Glas Bier nach dem andern hinunter, bis er in eine wilde Seligkeit geraten war, seine Nachbarin um die Taille faßte, daß sie aufkreischte, mir dem Seidel umherfuhr, daß die Nächstsitzenden fürchteten, begossen zu werden, und allerlei Possen trieb. Auf ein mal wurde er stiller. Die Hände um sein Seidel gefaltet, lächelte er stillvergnügt vor sich hin. „Was wir lieben", lallte er und hob sein Glas. „Was wir lieben, Fräulein Leidig", rief er über den Tisch und ließ mit schwerem Aufschlag das Glas wieder sinken. Alles wieherte vor Vergnügen. „Willy ist duhr. Prost Willy. Prost Fräulein Leidig'. Lene soll leben!" So schrien und johlten sie durcheinander. Helene hätte vor Scham versinken mögen. Sie verlor alle Besinnung, und statt die Situation mit einem Scherz zu beherrschen, sang sie vor Wut und Scham an zu weinen. Dann sprang sie auf und stieß den Stuhl wie ein eigensinniges Kind von sich. „Hier bleib' ich nicht länger", schluchzte sie. „Das ist ja empörend. Er ist ja duhr, der Kerl!" Da niemand in der Gesellschaft eine Ahnung von dem hatte, was zwischen ihr und Schmüser vorgefallen, konnte man sich ihr Gebaren nicht erklären. Kunkel war ebenso überrascht als peinlich berührt. „Wie albern". „Nun weine man nicht". „Gott, was'n Anstellerei". „Er ist ja doch man duhr", so schwirrte es durcheinander. Bertha Möller kam, die Freundin zu trösten, und Willy Schmüser, von seinen Freunden in der besten Absicht, Frieden zu stiften, geführt, schwankte heran, mit vollem Seidel. „Das ist ja man Spaß", lallte er, „Prost". „Lassen Sie mich zufrieden", zischte Helene und stieß ihn mit dem Ellenbogen von sich, daß er sich über und über mit Bier begoß. „Na, pfui! Das ist nicht nett", schrien nun wieder alle auf Helene ein, während man an Willy Schmüser herumwischte und trocknete. Der Unglückliche ließ taumelnd alles mit sich geschehen. „Ge—mein—heit", lallte er kaum verständlich. „Gemein—heil". Helene sah, daß sie dieser Gesellschaft gegenüber den kürzeren zog. Nach dieser Szene konnte sie unmöglich noch bleiben. In Adolfs und Herrn Kunkels Begleitung verließ sie den Garten, froh, als sie durch die Menge der auf den Lärm natürlich aufmerksam gewordenen Gäste das Freie erreicht hatte. Herr Kunkel war sehr indigniert und wusste nicht den rechten Ton zu treffen. Adolf, der sich erlaubt hatte, Helene Vorwürfe zu machen, war so heftig von ihr angefahren worden, daß er nicht zum zweitenmal eine Bemerkung wagte. Aber Helene war doch eine Erklärung schuldig. Was mochte Herr Kunkel von ihr denken? Sein Schweigen belohnte sie, daß er ihr Benehmen zum mindesten eigenwertig fand. „Was denken Sie nur von mir", sagte sie, als sie sich etwas beruhigt hatte. „Nie gehe ich wieder in diese ordinäre Gesellschaft. Dieser Mensch, dieser Schmüßer — ich muß Ihnen ja — was werden Sie von mir denken." Und dann erzählte sie Schmüfers Antrag und sie war in ihrer Entrüstung so drollig, daß zuletzt alle drei lachten. Herr Kunkel, der nun alles begriff und im rechten Lichte sah, war sehr froh, Helenen wieder seine ungetrübte Sympathie zutreiben zu können. Er war wirklich schon „ganz weg" in sie gewesen, als dieser häßliche Auftritt sie ihm plötzlich doch als etwas gar zu gewöhnlich erscheinen ließ. Aber nun sah er ein, daß sie in einer so peinlichen Lage durchaus zu entschuldigen war, und daß es der rüde, persönliche Ton der anderen gewesen war, der ihm auch ihr Bild mit verdunkelt hatte. „Lassen Sie sich diese dumme Geschichte nicht weiter anfechten, liebes Fräulein", tröstete er sie. „Rohe, ungebildete Leute. Es tut mir nur leid, daß Sie so um Ihren schönen Sonntag kommen. Aber das sollen Sie nicht. Wenn ich mir erlauben darf, Sie einzuladen, so bleiben wir noch hitzig was beimten." Helene wollte bescheiden ablehnen. Aber er ließ es nicht zu. „Wir essen etwas", entschied er. „Eine Suppe oder dergleichen. Wo meinen Sie wohl?" Weder Adolf noch Helene hatte eine Meinung. „Ich weiß! was meinen Sie zu Kiel?" fragte Kunkel. „Man isst vorzüglich, und das Bier ist auch gut." Die Geschwister waren mit allem einverstanden. Es war inzwischen Abend geworden, die Dunkelheit, die in dem kleinen Weidenstieg herrschte, hatte Herrn Kunkel veranlaßt, Helenen den Arm zu reichen. Diese Galanterie erfreute auch Adolfes Herz. Er fühlte etwas wie Verehrung für den Kollegen und Vorgesetzten, dessen der Schwester erwiesene Aufmerksamkeiten auch ihm wohlgetan hatten. Helene selbst stieg in seinen Augen, da ein so feiner, gebildeter Herr, wie Herr Kunkel, sich so angemütigt um sie bemühte. Er war nicht mehr naiv gründig, war trotz seiner Schüchternheit und seinem Stubenhockertum genug „Hamburger Jung", um nicht ganz klar zu sehen, daß Herr Kunkel eben nur ein Techtelmechtel mit Helenen suchte, eine Poussage. Aber das war nichts, was seine Empfindlichkeit verletzte. Alle Mädchen aus den Kreisen, in denen er aufgewachsen, hatten ihre Verhältnisse, warum nicht Helene auch. Darin sah er nichts. Aber daß Helene mehr Eindruck auf Herrn Kunkel machte, als auf Hein Möller, das fiel ihm auf und tat ihm wohl. War sie denn eigentlich so hübsch? Er hatte nie darauf geachtet. Er sah sie darauf an, ohne darüber ins klare zu kommen. Sie mußte es ja wohl sein. Anders als sonst kam sich ihm vor; das Weib in ihr hatte sich ihm offenbart. Die Pferdebahn hatte sich schnell angebracht. Sie traten in Kiel's Restaurant an der Ecke vom Stein damm und Pulverteich ein und fanden oben auf der Galerie einen gemütlichen Platz. Es war etwas heiß hier. Aber da sie fast versteckt vor den Blicken der anderen Gäste saßen, hielten sie aus; sie gewöhnten sich sogar. Fortsetzung in der 3. Beilage. Wichtige Klimatisierung für 1888, gesucht. Selbstständige Stellung mit Prokura. 20 000 Kaution erforderlich, welche sichergestellt wird. Offerten unter 11. 12. a. 11. 8. 4-k., Tresor. Per sofort oder 1. November b. 1. Suche einen tüchtigen jungen Verkäufer (Christ. Offerten bitte Rechtsansprüche bei freier Station, Zeugnisabfrage unbedingt photographisch beilegen. H. H. Aken a. E., Manufaktur-, Modewaren- und Herren- Konfektions- Geschäft. Korrekturabzüge für Akzidenzen und Ausfutter für Werkabteilung gesucht. Mehrere tüchtige Rohmöller werden gegen hohen Lohn sofort gesucht. Bei zufriedenstellenden Leistungen wird Reise Vergütung. H. H. v. O., Malstatt — Saar. Drehwerfer für eine süddeutsche Maschinenfabrik gesucht. Angebote mit Gehaltsansprüchen befördert die Expedition des Blattes unter 2.4660. Suche für sofort einen Gerate-Schmieden, Wurstmacherei, erfahrenen Gesellen. Liberale Verschiedenes, Fleisch, Meister, Sondershausen in Thüringen. Gesucht, tüchtige verheiratete Büffette, mit Frau, Kellner, 2 Haushofmeister, für Restauration, jg. Hausknecht, 1 Kegler, Stellenvermittlung. DD Werner, Gerbersstraße 56. Einsteiger, mehrere, mit guten Schulkenntnissen und schöner Handschrift, finden in einer Engros-Geschäft der Berg-, Hüttenprodukte- und Giesserzeugnisse- Branche Stellung. Kleine Gebrüderhütte von Anfang an. Tüchtige Ausbildung garantiert. Off. mit Lebenslaus, sub 8. 18 a. 60 an H. H. L.-<r., Leipzig, Grimmstraße, erb. 7070. Einige Markthalle, echte, — Gedienter Soldat bevorzugt, vorhanden sub ?. 122 in die Exposition des Blattes erb. 72z. Zum sofortigen Antritt, suche einen mit besten Zeugnissen versehenen jüngeren Markthelfer. Offerten unter 4. 4. 362 an „Inn-licheuckanü", hier. -07120 Langer Mann zum Fensterputzen wird gesucht. Zu melden abends v. 6-8 Uhr L. Rustadt, Nruftädter Str. 15, IV., M. -rn» Hausernunxs-Commiss von IronIttniit8«I»er Vsr«ln, Ilninknr«. Heber 75 000 Aktie — Heber 11 6 00 stellen besetzt. 1ÜI Innsuck, Lniilautl UQtl Oebersee. 1905: 17 007 vüono Stellen! 6779 FreestraniZeus! Wir krinripale unä Vereinsmitxlieäer kosteukrei! desebäktsstellv kür I-vlp/.ie bei Herrn f'erck.Merneb i. k's. -l. L. llletvl, llsrlrt 16, HI. Li« Marsttirelter, guter Packer, »72s» aus der Eoloniatwaarcnbranche, Wochenlohn 18.-, sofort gejucht. Brancheunkunvige bleiben unberücksichtigt. Inselstrasze 4, Hofgrb. Arbeitöbrrrsche, sortbildunasicbulsrei, sofort gesucht -727s Buchdruckerei verüb. Hexer, Königssiraße 5, Tr. O, 1. Etage. Per sofort geiucht kräftiger, gut empfohlener Laufbursche im Alter von 16—18 Jahre. Off. unter 1. L. 363 „IvrallckenÄLnIc", Leipzig. »0712« Junge Dame als Klavierspielerin gejucht »72«7 Magazingaffe 4 I. links. Besseres KiMsrälllci», zuverlässig u. kinderlieb, per sofort od. später gesucht Harkortstr. 17, I. -ass? Fräulein gesucht, welches flott nach Diktat stenozrophiert und perfekt im Maschinenschreiben ich für sofort von einem großen Fabrikgeichäft. »73a Schriftliche Offerten mit Zeugnisabschriften und Angabe des frühesten Eintritts-Termins unter 2. 4676 a. d. Expedition dieses Blattes. Tüchtige Plätterin gej. Reitzenhainer Straße 21. »72S3 Wdte Prsl.-Utbnziehmmii suchen ILiu»,»« «L NNrL, Schokoladenfabrik, tsssi Ktsenburger Stratze^9. Gesucht zum lü. Nov. oder 1, Dec. eine saubere tüchtige ILSvIein, die etwas Hausarbeit mit übernimmt. Vorzust. mit Buch heule Dienstag Nach mittag von 3 Uhr ab -72<>7 Ferd. Rhode-Stratze 10, II. Ges. Köchin, Priv., Hotel u. Rest., Zimmer- mädch, Küch.-, Haus- u. Auswaschm Reichs straße 5, Durch, b. Fr. Kießling, Stellenverm. essse ' gesucht, die etwa« Hausarb. verrichtet. Vorzust. Dienstag 9 11 u. 2—5 Goetdestraße 6, II. »72»r Gesucht für 1. November oder später ein WtstkS, McrliWS Mchen, welches der guten bürgerlichen Küche vor stehen kaNN >723» —KönigSstrasze 9, III. Ein tüchtiges, besseres Mädchen für Kü-He und Haus wird per bald oder später gejuckt. Mit Buch zu melden -72S» König Jobann-Ltrafte 26, p. I. Mädch., w. das Kochen erlernen will zu 3 Pers, für Küche u. Haus ges. Jacobstr. 1,1.r. -721S lioetts« sucht Pensi onLa;er,T orotheenstr.2. >«s°» Ein fleißiges, sauberes Hausmädchen " wird bei hohem Lohn für sofort gesucht. Näheres Kaiser Wilhelm-Str. 67 I. r. Einzelne Dame jucht f. 1. Nov. od. früher anständiges Mädchen, w. Hausarbeit u. etwas Ausbessern versteht. Zu meld, mit Buch Dienstag von 9—12 u. 3—5 Uhr Löhrstraße 3l, II. l. «»3« Suche zum 1. November ein sauberes Mädel für alle häufige. esess Frau 8tn<ler, Prenbelstr. 4 Part. Besseres Mädchen findet tu kinderl. Haushalte gute Stellung im Voscstratze 6, III. links. Ein kleines Mädchen, welches im Servieren, Plätten und allen häuslichen Arbeiten tüchtig ist, wird per 1. November a. 0. bei hohem Lohn als Tubenmädchen gesucht von Frau L1»r« «7»r * Chemnitz, Kaijrrstr. 13. Stubenmädchen, tüchtig im Zimmerreinigen, Nähen und Servieren, sofort oder 1. November bei hohem Lohn gesucht. Zu erfragen Lortzingstr. 6, Hinterbaus 2 b. «70s 16- 17, Schwinges Dtrnstmadchen jof. gesucht Grimmaischer Strinwrg 15, III. rechts. -7,37 Wir suchen zur baldigen Antritt »In« raatlnlsrt« für die Konfektion- und Kostüm-Abteilung unseres Etablissements bei sehr hohem Gehalt. Offerten mit Photographie Gehaltsanforderungen und Zeugnissen erbitten via e-mail, Hoflieferanten, «7»» Dresden, Pragerstrasse 42. Brave saubere Aufwartung für Vormittagstunden gesucht Thomasring 1, II. links. «4S12, 8te Heimstelle. Gebildet, repräsentationsfähig Herr, kaufmännisch und technisch versiert, sprachenkundig., in Kurorten in leitender Position großes, gestützt aus ist Referenzen und Zeugnisse, sofort Position als Lesekritiker elv. Wundheilposten. Gest. Lffertrn erb. unter v. 121 an die Expedition dieses Blattes.-7is» 20 Jahre alt, zwei Jahre in der Speditionstätigkeit in Antwerpen als französischer und deutscher Korrespondent, Buchhalter und Kaufmann tätig gewesen, zum Eintritt-Freiwillegentenstest berechtigt, sucht eventuell per sofort Arbeit. Off. unter v. V. 103 an ^»»8»»- 8lvlm ek 4.-K., Stuttgart. Repräsentation. Ehepaar sucht per sofort oder später, die Leitung einer Filiale zu übernehmen. Hochfeine Referenzen und Zeugnisse zur Verfügung. Gefl. Offerten erb, unter ?. 120 Exped. d. Blattes. »71s? Rechnungsverschuldungen sucht j. geb. Kaufmann, wie Manuscript.-Abschreiben und maschinenschriftlich Arbeit, auch Buchstaben und Korrespondenz. Angeb. u. k'.^. 100 hauptpostlagernd. »7233 Factoring-Kaufmann, 35 Jahre alt, mit langjährigen Erfahrungen als Bureau-Chef und Prokurist, energisch, selbständig und gewissenhaft, mit modernen Arbeitsmethoden vertraut, Organisations talent und repräsentationsfähig, gut empfohlen, sucht Lebensstellung. Gef. Off. u. V. 3 Renners An.-Exp., Gohlis, Lindenthaler Straße 6, erbeten. rsr«2 Ziegelmeister sucht Stellensuche zu Neujahr 1907, betraut mit Hand- und Dampfbetrieb und allen Ziegelwaren (auch Glasur, Accord oder Gehalt. Offerten unter 2. 4670 an die Expedition dieses Blattes erbeten. «712 Tüchtige Wirtschafterin, sowie 2 tüchtige Mägde, die sich keiner Arbeit scheuen, suchen Stelle. Hohe Str. 27, Lorenz, Stellenvermittlung. rss», O. Sekretär, ßt., Täubchenweg 41,1., Stell.-Büro, Tel.9734, empf. 20jähriges Mädchen mit 3,5 Jahren Zeugnis, Kinder-, Hauses- und Stubenmädchen, geb.Arl.,Kok, Nähen und Putzen, Familie angeblich erwartet, ohn Gehalt, 26 Jahre Kindespflege, Ausmaßsammlung, 17 Jahre, plötzlich, 1. Künstler. Köchin sucht Stelle oder als Aushilfe, »«'s» Albertstraße 19, II. rechts « Empfänger den Herren Hotel, Restaurants, Milch- und Kaffeesitten, Köche, Koch- und Kaffeehausmädchen, Büffetdame, rc. r. A.vbollv, / II Stellenv., Petersstraße 11, Tel.171b. KS2S Nähen 1680. Kurz Inhaltsverzeichnis: Pensionsstellen in guter Familie gesucht. Offerten unter v. 94 an die Expedition des Blattes -70 Geist per sofort Pension in deutscher Familie für 17-jährige Franzosen. Off. m. Preis u. O.2.19 an, I u v s H ck v n ä s n lc", hier.K>7i, 7 «>«« I»«iml-L,<»li«iii<»i»tl«, 30 L?, 26 qm Heizfläche, 7 Atm., hier im Betrieb zu besichtigen, L Lxp«»8l«»ii8- I,»Il<»inoI»1I», 22,8 qm Heizfläche, 8 Atm., sofort billig zu vermieten oder zu verkaufen. Gefl Offerten unter 2. 4674 an die Expedition des Blattes erbeten. ,7»7 BeichSstW K. Iß Räume uls GeWslSIM Oer Mining für 1./4. 07 zu vermieten. Preis 280 Näheres beim Hausmann. »4»»r «r. Mn m. W. 1550M. Promenadenstr. 7 l./4.07 zu vm. Grrign. f Butler u.Milch, chrm.Waschansl.,Uhrm.,Bazar. *««» Mm lbLiiger, Aellernikstklsge vrüderstr. 4. I. für sofort. Näheres bei Hrn. Lod. 2l«a«r daselbst. essrs für 130 Mark sofort zu vermieten .ess« Poniatowskhstrafte 3 Heller, trockener Keller »7201 Nürnberger Straße 8, b. Hausmann. kni empf. kniila gedili. HM- u. NcSaskations-Miianil firm in Buchbaltung, Englisch u. Französisch fließend in Wort u Schrift, sucht per bald Engagement al» Direktor, Geschäftsführer eb. Oberkellner, Buchhalter, Kassierer, Korrespondent für fremde Sprachen, Klub- oder Privatsckretar, Reisebegleiter oder für ähnlichen Posten. Gefl. Offerten unter 2. 4675 an die Expedition dieses Blattes. KV. Mangel» entsprechender Beziehungen, da erst kürzlich vom Ausland zurück, offeriere «v. Vermittelnden eine angemessene Gratifikation. ,7»e Krnnisittllk ca. 3300 qm, Lmdenau, GrUllltsiM, Saalfelder Str. 11-13, früh. Fabrikation mit Dampfbetrieb darin, mit Wohnh., großen gedeckten und freien Lager räumen, per sofort oder später zu vermieten. Näh, bei k. Orakeln», Reichsstr. 30. er« Tlallung. Per 1. Ja«, n. I. ist eine Stall««« für 10 Pferde nebst Heuboden im vsö viertel zu vermieten. Z« erfragen bet -,»s» k3688>61' L KOMkl'liL Westplatz 39, beste Lage, 1. Etage, 6 große Zim. u. r. Zub., Gas, a. Büro od. Wohn., ev. f. Arzt, z. vm. Näh. II. r. essr» LurprinL8tr. 11, I., schöne, vorger. Wohnung, 5 Zimmer, Alkoven, Küche, Kamm., Vorsaal u. Zubehör, sofort od. 1./4. 07 für 1200 zu verm. «s«o« Emilicnstraßc 7/S sofort 1. Et„ 12 Z., KL., Bad, Zub., Juueucl., Süds., a. geth., zu vm. Näh. Hausmftr, H. II. «7» Usnslnslk 18, inst Rnjkilstl, halbe 1. Et. im Gartengebäude f. 500 per 1. Avril zu vermieten. >«7oss Hosplt»l8tr»ss« 23 '/, Ä. 4 Zimmer mü Zubehör per 1. April 1907 zu vermieten. Näberes dasklbst I. Etage. »7«» knomnMnrliMsS,!!!., schöne Wohnung, 3 zweif., 1 eins. Nr. 513. 1. Jahrgang. Leipziger Tageblatt. Dienstag, 9. Oktober 1906. Bald an die Temperatur. Helene vergaß in Herrn Kunkels liebenswürdiger Gesellschaft alles Vorgeschehen und gab sich einer herzlichen Munterkeit hin, die ihr natürlich gefiel und ihr so gut stand. Herr Kunkel war sehr freigebig. Der Krebssuppe folgte Entenbraten, dem Entenbraten Butter und Käse. So lukullisch hatten beide Geschwister noch nie gesoupiert. Helene erklärte die Krebssuppe für "himmlisch" und den Entenbraten für "göttlich". Schließlich kaufte Herr Kunkel noch für eine kleine polnische Pferdländerin einen Veilchenstrauß für Helene, den er vorerst ganz leicht an seine Lippen führte. Dann hob er sein Seidel, um mit ihr anzustößen. "Aber nein", rief er und setzte es wieder hin. "Das ist doch zu plump. Das Wohl der Damen soll man nur im Wein trinken." Er winkte dem Kellner. Helene suchte ihn zu zurückzuholen, aber er ruhte nicht, bis eine Flasche Schaumwein in einem zierlichen, blanken Eiskübel auf dem Tisch stand, und er das schlanke Spitzglas in der Heleneens zusammenklingen lassen konnte. Wortlos sahen sie sich dabei in die Augen, während Adolf mit einem etwas schläfrigen Lächeln sein Glas in die Höhe hielt, wartend, dass an ihn die Reihe kam. Der gute Junge war von all dem Trinken recht müde geworden. Siebentes Kapitel. Wochen waren seitdem vergangen. Adolf hatte in dieser Zeit den Buchhandel, das ewige "Bindfaden-knüllen", wie er sagte, gründlich satt bekommen. Er tröstete sich, indem er schwärmerische Liebeslieder an Maria dichtete. Das erste verblichene Wesen feinerer Bildung, mit dem er in regelmäßigen Verkehr trat, hatte sein Herz gewonnen. Der Sechzehnjährige sah zu der zweiundzwanzigjährigen jungen Dame wie zu einer Fürstin auf. Sie hatte ihn wiederholt nach seinem "Freunde" Rommel gefragt und ihn dadurch sehr glücklich gemacht. Er kam sich sehr wichtig vor als "Freund" eines Künstlers. Maria hatte den Wunsch ausgesprochen, ihre Musikübungen zu erweitern und einmal wöchentlich mit einem Geiger zusammen zu musizieren. Sie hatte Adolf gebeten, einmal anzufragen, ob Herr Rommel sich wohl dazu verstehen würde, und wie teuer er solche Stunden berechnete. Adolfs Erkundigungen waren zur Zufriedenheit seiner Auftraggeberin ausgefallen. Weniger zur Zufriedenheit von Justus Miecks. "Was? Vier Mark die Stunde? Der will wohl Millionär werden? Drei, dächte ich, wären auch genug." Aber Herr Rommel bestand auf seinem Preis, und Justus Mieck erhörte schließlich die Bitten seiner Tochter. Seitdem drehte sich das Tischgespräch der beiden jungen Leute häufig um Fräulein Mieck. Adolf hielt mit seiner Schwärmerei nicht zurück. Erste Liebe ist redselig. Rommel fand die Bewunderer „ganz nett". „Spielt sie nicht himmlisch?" rief Adolf. Rommel lachte. „Na ja, ganz nett schon." Es war Adolf, als hätte der Freund sein Ideal mit plumpen Fingern angetastet, eine tadellose Statue verunstaltet, einer Göttin die Nase abgeschlagen. „Sie will ja auch keine Künstlerin sein", grollte er. „Wird sie auch nie werden", lachte Rommel, „dazu gehört doch mehr. Aber warum auch? Sie hat's ja gar nicht nötig." (Fortsetzung folgt.) Bon Ernst v. Wolzogen. Er war aus guter, aber schon aus sehr guter Familie, aus einer Familie, die seit Jahrhunderten nur innerhalb der vornehmen Gesellschaft geheiratet hatte, — also war es weiter kein Wunder, daß er ein Trottel war, der kleine Graf. Sein Rang und seine glänzenden Familienbeziehungen hatten ihm dazu verholfen, es bis zum Kadett-Offiziers-Stellvertreter in einem vornehmen Kavallerie-Regiment zu bringen. Aber es war ausgemacht, dass auch das ganze Gewicht seiner erlesenen Verwandtschaft nicht imstande sein würde, ihn jemals zum Oberleutnant zu befördern. Ein paar Jahre würde man ihn noch dulden und ihm dann den freundschaftlichen Rat geben, seinen Abschied zu nehmen und sich auf die Güter seines Herrn Papas zurückzuziehen. Plan mochte ihn im Regiment gut seinden, trotzdem er zu nichts Vernünftigem zu gebrauchen war, — oder vielleicht eben darum; denn er war eine willkommene Zielscheibe für allerhand Spott und Übermut der jüngeren Kameraden und nahm in seiner außergewöhnlichen Gut herzlichen nichts übel. In militärisch ernsthaften Zeiten, wo er mit seiner himmlischen Einfältigkeit Unheil anrichten und sich und das Regiment blamieren konnte, pflegte man ihm einen entsprechend langen Urlaub zur Wiederherstellung seiner Gesundheit zu geben. Er war immer sehr unglücklich über diesen Urlaub, denn im Regiment genoß er sein junges, frisches Leben immerhin noch am besten. Zu Hause wurde er scheel angesehen und mit bösen Worten gedemütigt; in fremder Umgebung war er vollends hilflos und wusste nicht, was er mit sich anfangen sollte. Außerdem glaubte er die Leiden wirklich zu besitzen, die ihm der spaßige Regimentsarzt jedesmal einreden musste, um ihn zu dem notwendigen Urlaubsgesuch zu veranlassen, und die Angst vor seinen vermeintlichen gefährlichen Zuständen verleidete ihm vollends die Freiheit in der Einsamkeit eines Badeortes. Im letzten Frühjahr hatte man ihm eingeredet, es sei mit seiner Lunge übel bestellt, und daraufhin hatte ihm der ungarische Herr Gras Papa eine schöne Summe bewilligt, um etliche Wochen in Meran sich standesgemäß aushusten zu können. Oh Herrgott, war das fade in Meran trotz der herrlichen Umgebung und des wunderbar milden Frühlingswetters; Der gelinde Katarrh, mit dem er tatsächlich angekommen war, war in der milden Luft schon in ein paar Tagen geheilt, und nun wusste das Gräfin gar nicht mehr, was mit sich anzufangen. Sie verwendete die äußerste Sorgfalt aus ihrer Toilette, die sie täglich dreimal wechselte, nahm in jedem Gewand eine der drei Hauptmahlzeiten zu sich und ging in jedem Gewand ein Stündlein spazieren, um alsdann den Rest der Zeit bis zum nächsten Gewandwechsel in einem Kannebanne zu vertrödeln! Geistige Raffinade nahm sie nur in Gestalt der Wiener illustrierten Witzblätter. Bei Bekanntschaften vom Zaun zu brechen trugen sie sich niemal, denn dabei konnte man zu leicht auf solche miserable Bildungsproben stoßen, die sich beim zehnten Wort unbequem werden, — und dann der stete Anblick dieser wirklich elenden, siechen Menschenkinder, diese bleichen, eingefallenen Gesichter, diese schlaffen Gestalten! Die funkelnden Augen, das angstvolle Husten der Todeskandidaten, das alles ging ihr so sehr aus die Nerven, daß ihr bald sogar die leibliche Nahrung nicht mehr anschlug und sie in Gefahr war, ernstlich krank zu werden. Da kam das Abenteuer. An einem besonders warmen Nachmittag saß sie vor einem Kaffeehaus an der Kurpromenade bei der Musik, als ein Damen im Rollstuhl, von ihrem Diener gefahren, in ihrer unmittelbaren Nähe Halt machte. Während die Dame ihre Bestellung beim Kellner besorgte und dann ihren Diener mit einem Auftrag wegschickte, hatte der kleine Graf Muße, sie zu betrachten. Er fand sie sehr schön; das bleiche Gesicht mit den großen, leuchtenden Schwindsuchtsaugen, umrahmt von einer üppigen Fülle locker gewellten Blondhaars, erschien ihm fast überirdlich vornehm, und die reiche Kleidung, die Anmut der schlanken Gestalt in der halb liegenden Stellung verstärkten diesen Eindruck noch besonders. Er war überzeugt, es mit einer Prinzessin zu tun zu haben, und wunderte sich nur, dass er sie nicht aus der Wiener Gesellschaft kannte. Die paar Worte, die sie mit dem Kellner und dem Diener gewechselt, hatten ihren wienerischen Ursprung nämlich deutlich genug verraten. Er zermarterte sich seinen armen Kopf, wer das wohl bloß sein könnte. Etwas aus der ersten Gesellschaft mußte sie sein, und da kennt man sich doch untereinander. Merkwürdig. Aber sie anzureden getraute er sich wieder nicht. Da ließ sie ihr Taschentuch fallen, und er hob es ihr auf. „Danke sehr." „O bitte, macht nichts." Damit war's schon wieder aus. Und er stupste verlegen sein Stöckchen auf den Kies und schaute blöd über den Bach hinüber. Er merkte aber, daß sie ihn fixierte, und da wurde er rot wie ein dummer Bub. Die Abendsonne lugte blendend durch eine Lichtung in den dichten Baumwipfeln hindurch gerade über den Platz, wo die schöne Dame saß. Sie blinzelte mit den Augen und schickte sich an, ihren Sonnenschirm auszuspannen. Diese gute Gelegenheit ergriff der kleine Gras, indem er ihr anbot, ihren Wagen aus dem Bereich der Sonnenstrahlen einem anderen Tischchen zuzuschieben. Sie dankte mit einem überaus freundlichen Lächeln und ließ sich den Ritterdienst gefallen. Nun war es doch an ihr, etwas zu sagen. „Ein sehr schöner Abend", sagte sie und zeigte ihm lächelnd zwei Reihen kleiner Zähne von tadelloser Weiß. Der kleine Gras war entzückt. „Allerdings, Gnädigste haben vollkommen recht; sehr schöner Abend. Bei uns daheim sangen um diese Zeit die Frösche an zu singen." Die schöne Leidende horchte interessiert auf und wandte ihm ihr vergeistigtes Antlitz voll zu. „Ja, wir haben nämlich so viele Frösche bei uns daheim in Ungarn", erwiderte der kleine Gras lebhaft und blitzte sie nun seinerseits mit seinen nicht minder weißen Zähnen an. „Hier gibt's keine Frösche; haben Gnädigste hier schon Frösche gehört? Ich nicht." Die Kranke lächelte überaus lieblich mit offenem Munde und schüttelte verneinend den Kopf. Dann sagte sie: „Gehen wir und erzählen Sie mir was von Ihnen daheim. Was ist das mit den Fröschen?" Da lachte er sie schlau an und dann rückte er seinen Stuhl ganz dicht an den ihren heran, zog seine hellgelben Gläser aus und ahmte, indem er eine hohle Hand vor den Mund legte, die Alatten Wangen ausblähte wie ein Pohlers Saunengelchen und tickte mit den Fingern der anderen Hand darauf tupfte, das Quaken der Frösche mit täuschender Naturtreue nach. Die arme kranke Dame lachte hell auf, so hell, daß einige Gäste, die in der Nähe saßen, sich neugierig nach ihr umschauten. Sie war ganz hingerissen vor Bewunderung über die Kunstleistung des zierlichen kleinen Herrn und verlangte dringend nach einer Wiederholung des Kunststückes, ganz im selben Ton wie Kinder, die ein Märchen sofort nach Vollendung zum zweitenmal erzählt haben wollen. Er quakte und quarrte noch einmal, aber diesmal ein wenig leiser, weil er kein Aufsehen erregen wollte; und als sie wieder so laut hinauslachte, rief er ganz kindlich glücklich: „Gelt, das gefällt Ihnen, Gnädigste? Und er lachte in hohen Jasteltönen „Huhuhu!" wie ein Idiot. Und dann stieß er mit steifem Zeigefinger in die Seite, und machte "Kikiki!" und dann stieß er mit demselben Zeigefinger in die Luft in der Richtung aus der linken Seite der schönen Dame und machte noch einmal "Kikiki!" Das Grossequeren und das Kikiki waren nämlich seine beiden Witze, wodurch sich seit frühester Kindheit sein heimlicher Humor einzig offenbart hatte, und die beiden Menschenkinder lachten einander ins Gesicht und überlachten sich, bis der Schönheit der Dame die Tränen in die Augen traten und die Erschütterung einen Hustenreiz hervorrief, der ihr übel zu schaffen machte. Sie drückte krampfhaft ihr feines Spitzentüchlein vor den Mund, und ihre Hand flatterte ängstlich herum in schwachen, abwehrenden Bewegungen; er sollte nicht hinsehen, während sie todt litt. Vielleicht kam wieder Blut. Sie hatte sich doch eben so ihres Lebens gefreut, — und es war so lieb von ihm gewesen, daß er so herrlich quarren konnte. Inzwischen kam der Diener wieder zurück, der einen Schal geholt hatte, und redete seiner Gnädigen ernstlich zu, sich von ihm nun Heimsachen zu lassen. So traurig schaute das schöne Geschöpf zu dem zur Abchiedsverbeugung auf gesprungenen kleinen Grafen hinauf, die Augen waren ihr übergequollen, und zwei dicke Tränen rannen die bleichen Wangen hinunter. Sie reichte ihm die Hand zum Abschied, und der Diener setzte den Wagen in Bewegung. Aber schon nach ein paar Schritten ließ sie wieder Platz machen und winkte den jungen Herrn heran. „Ich bitte schön", sagte sie, „ich bin so einsam, möchten Sie mir nicht ein bisschen Gesellschaft leisten? Sie wissen so drollige Sachen. Wenn Sie's nicht geniert, wenn ich husten muss ..." Der junge Graf ging mit Entzücken aus dem Vorschlag ein, begleitete sie zu ihrer Wohnung in einer vornehmen Villa, half ihr gemeinsam mit dem Diener die Treppe hinauf und — ja, und so war die Bekanntschaft gemacht. Es stellte sich heraus, dass sie keineswegs eine Prinzessin, sondern vielmehr die Frau eines reichen Wiener Industriellen war, die selbst aus recht kleinen Verhältnissen stammte. Er hatte das arme Mädchen nur um seiner außerordentlichen Schönheit willen geheiratet. Bildung besaß es auch nicht, nicht einmal das kecke Temperament und den raschen Mutterwitz der Wiener Mädel. Sie war ein ausgemachtes Gansl, aber wenigstens hatte sie sich die Manieren der guten Gesellschaft angeeignet und wusste das Kostüm des geschmackvollen Reichtums mit Anmut zu tragen und verständig zu schweigen, wo sie sich blamieren konnte. Darum war ihr die Zuneigung ihres Gatten trotz der unheilbaren Dummheit treu geblieben, und als die Krisis zum Ausbruch gekommen war, trat noch das trauernde Mitleid mit der Todgeweihten zu der Zuneigung für ihre Schönheit hinzu. Er umgab sie mit zärtlicher Sorgfalt, und wenn ihm seine Geschäfte nicht erlaubten, bei ihr zu weilen, taten ihr doch tägliche Briefe, kleine Geschenke und freundliche Worte rasch sein liebendes Gedenken fortwährend kund. Auch den jungen Grafen nahm die junge Sterbende mit unbekümmerter Dankbarkeit hin wie eine der kleinen zärtlichen Überraschungen ihres guten Gatten. Er war so jung und so gesund und so gar nicht anstrengend, und darum war sie so glücklich, wenn er bei ihr saß und Witze erzählte oder seine unvergleichliche Froschimitation zum Besten gab. Er brauchte aber auch gar nichts zu sagen, es genügte ihr schon, ihn in ihrer Nähe zu haben. Er bekam es fertig, stunden lang an ihrer Chaiselongue zu sitzen, ohne dass sie mehr als ein dutzend banale Redensarten wechselten; aber von Zeit zu Zeit blitzten sich ihre Augen an, und dann erröteten die beiden jungen Menschen und schauten verlegen zur Seite und lachten ganz blöd und dumm — und waren doch so glücklich dabei! Aus diesem idiotischen Kikiki quark koax koax quarr waren, ganz einfach und klar herausgesagt, die Liebe geworden, dieselbe Liebe, die denkende und ihr empfindende Menschen zu Engeln oder zu Bestien, zu Helden oder zu Dichtern zu wandeln vermag. In diesem Falle machte sie einen blöd gesunden Trottel und ein sterbendes Gansl toll, gradeaus roll vor ausgepeitschter Sinnlichkeit und vor ängstlichem Nicht-hin- und herauswissen aus dem Wirrsal aufgewühlter unbekannter Gefühle. Der junge Graf wusste sich in seinem Schrecken, über dieses gärende Durcheinander in seinem sonst so friedlichen hohlen Hirn, anders zu helfen, als daß er sich allabendlich betrank, und die junge Frau quälte sich mit wilden Träumen so arg, daß die Krankheit allzu leichtes Spiel mit ihr gewann. Die Ärzte teilten ihrem Gatten nach Wien mit, daß sie ihrer Auflösung in allerkürzester Frist entgegehen. An dem Abend, an dem die Todgeweihte ihrem jungen Freund den Brief ihres Gatten zu lesen gab, der ihr seine Absicht kund tat, sie am nächsten Tag Heim zu holen, unter dem vorgeblichen Vorwand, daß er es nicht ertragen könne, sie in ihrem hilfsbedürftigen Zustande allein lassen zu müssen, — an dem Abend bezechte sich der Herr Graf in Gesellschaft einiger junger Offiziere dermaßen, daß er sich nicht allein heimfinden konnte. Die jungen Herren mussten gegenüber dem Kommandanten, Hoch-Parterre 230 um 3000, Souterrain 210 und Ulm Fläche 1800 -/l, zu Geschäftszecken (Bank, Bureau, Engros etc.) zu vermieten. Sekretariat, Architekten, Tiefgarage 4. Großvateresequenz ES- n., s und 4 kleine Räume zu Geschäftszwecken sofort oder später preiswert zu vermieten. Elektrisches Licht und Fahrstuhl vorhanden. Näheres beim Hausmeister oder beim Besitzer. In meinen Neunzehnten war es ein Laden, Geschäftsräume und Kellereien zu verschiedenen Größen. Sofort oder später zu vermieten. Näheres daselbst beim Hausmeister oder beim Besitzer. In der vierten, Roßstraße, nächste Nähe Promenade und Zentrum, dreifach gerichtete Wohnung in 2. Etage sofort oder später zu vermieten, 4 zwenstufsig, 2 eine Stufe. Zimmer, Küche, Kammer, Bad, Klosett. Großes Hochhaus, Nähe Augustenstrasse, 2. und 3. Etage, zu verkaufen. Ein großes, hohes Fensterfront an drei Straßen — mit Gas und elektrisches Licht, große Glasbauhalle, eventuell mit Einfahrt für Automobile und große, helle Keller, sind preiswert im ganzen oder geteilt zu vermieten. Näheres daselbst. Wilmersdorfer Strasse, moderne, helle Geschäfts- und Arbeitsräume mit Acker, Keller, großem Hinterhof, sind abgeteilt zu vermieten. Fahrstuhl bis 5. Stock, Zentralheizung, Gas, elektrisches Licht. Näheres durch die Besitzer. Gerberstraße 6, gelegen hinter der HM Paukendi. Näheres Gerberstraße 8, 1. 1 mit Vorsaal und einklänzige, heizbarem Salon. Alles zu vermieten. Meter Front, 4 große Spiegelscheiben, circa 2,0 qm. Meter, für Büro, Geschäft und Wohnung, auch geteilt, 1950.6, sofort - der später. Näheres daselbst im Lampengeschäft. Kaiser Wilhelm-Str. 22 4. Etage 400. Zu erfragen Moltkestr. 22, part links bei Dr. kappe. Einrichtung ist in vornehmem, ruhigem Hause die 1. Etage, bestehend aus 9 Zimmern, reichlich Zubehör und großer Veranda, mit Blick auf Gärten, zu vermieten. 2' 2' Etage rechts, Zim., 1 Ka., Bade, Brunnen, Küche und Zubehör, für 1000 p. i./4, 7 auch später. Nähe part. links. 72U7 UlzfhnvIl* Haus 1- Etage, 1050 p. I. 1 U7, heizb. Zimm., Mädchenk., Jungenk., Bade, Balkon, Garten re. Nähe Rosental, Sonnens. 72Z2 Rabttt Sekretär-?fk ruhiges Haus, ist eine 1. Etage, Preis 800. Sofort und später auf ruhige Familie zu vermieten. Nähe, part., 1. Et. r., i-f. oder so. zu Vermietung, am Landgericht, freie Aussicht, 5 Z., 1 ch., Kü, K., S., Bade. 1200 Herrschaftliche Wohnungen neben Kommandantur, II. Et., 6 Zimmer, Miv, Bade, Küche, Mädchenk. und reichlich Zubehör. 3 Hochparterre, 7 Zimmer, Bade, Küche, großes Bad, Mädchenk., großer Garten und Zubehör. Besichtigung durch die betreffenden Hausmänner. 23, Proppe L, II. Nass, 6 Zimmer und Zubehör, zu Wohn- oder Geschäftszwecken wofür zu vermieten. Nähere- 570 Leipzigser Immobiliengesellschaft, Promenadenstraße 1. Lalonormalze 3, II., herrschaftliche Wohnung in feinem Haus p. April 1907 zu vermieten. Dieselbe enthält 6 Zimmer, Erker, Mädchenzimmer, Badezimmer, großen Korridor, 2 Jungenklosetts, 2 Böden, 2 Keller. Der noch Kontrakt, wird etwas Nachlass gewährt. Besichtigung von II—1 und 3—5 Uhr. 72Z7 Oki^8tLttlr8t^«88S LLI. Lit.- 4 Sentrr. Zimmer, 2 eins. Z. mit reichem Zubehör und Garten, p. 1. April 97 zu vermieten. Preis 115. Nähe, b. Hansmeister daselbst. 80Z W i LiL8t-i8t^»88V ZIT ist p. 1. Januar 1907 oder später eine halbe 3. Etage, 6 Zimmer und Zubehör, für 700 zu vermieten. Näheres Tauchaer Straße 25, p. r.» im Dorntor. 80Zss RVI Wohnung von 5Z., schöne Glasveranda, Küche, Bade, Bad, Mädchenk. re. p. 1. Oct, zu verm. Wohnungsübersichten, LÄ'S. L L. R., Kohlgartenstraße 67, rl8-b-rls der Realschule, ist 3. Etage, bestehend aus 5 Zimmern, Küche und Zubehör, p. 1./4. 07 zu vermieten, Preis 650 eine desgl. 3 Ztm. und Zubehör, Preis 400. Zu erfragen daselbst 2. Etage, Mitte. "Mit!, WMische 1t>, reichlich Zubehör, 5Z deselben 2 zw.if., 3 eins. Zimmer, Küche, Wasserkl. Dienstg., 16. Oktober 1966. Leipziger Tageblatt. Rr. 513. 100. Jg. Die kräftig unter die Arme greifen, um ihn mit einigem Anstand durch die Straßen zu bugsieren; aber sie konnten nicht hindern, daß er johlte und schrie, wie irgend ein anderer Trunkener aus minder erlauchter Familie. Und als sie aus der Straße heraus in das vornehmere Villenquartier gelangt waren, da riß sich der junge Graf von ihnen los, stolperte über einen Draht, der ein noch unbebautes Wiesengrundstück von der Straße abgrenzte, und schlug der Länge nach aus den feuchten Rasen nieder. Er krampfte sich mit den Fingern in die Erde ein, riß mit den Zähnen Büschel Gras aus und fing an los rasend zu schluchzen, daß es seinen ganzen Körper wie in Krämpfen schüttelte und den jungen Kameraden angst und bange wurde. Nur mit größter Mühe brachten sie ihn an dem Abend noch ins Bett. Sehr spät am nächsten Morgen erwachte er mit einem entsetzlichen Schädelweh. Und in diesem Zustande hatte er eine Idee, vermutlich eine der ersten Ideen seines Lebens, — jedenfalls seine letzte und schönste. Er ging nämlich zum Stationsvorstand, bestellte ein Coupé erster Klasse in einem Durchgangswagen nach Metz und ließ dieses Coupe von einem Gärtner vollständig mit weißen Blumen, Rosen, Narzissen, Syringen und was sonst die Jahreszeit im Freien und im Gewächshaus bot, ausschmücken. Den ganzen Tag über ließ er sich nicht bei seiner angeblich betenden sehen, aber am Abend, wenige Minuten vor Abfahrt des Zuges, fand er sich an dem Bahnhof ein, zum erstenmal in Uniform. Sie stand schon am offenen Fenster in ihrem weißen Blumengwan, und der Gatte vor ihr draußen auf dem Perron. Offenbar erwartete er den Veranstalter der sinnigen Überraschung. Seine Frau hatte ihm geschrieben von dem unterhaltsamen reizenden Gesellschafter, den sie gefunden hatte, und die Damen in der Pension, die Zofe, der Diener, die alte Tante hatten selbstverständlich nicht ermangelt, ihm über den Charakter dieser freundschaftlichen Beziehungen die bedenklichsten Andeutungen zu machen. Aber der Herr war ein gütiger, verständiger Mensch; er sah ein, dass es grausam und lächerlich sein würde, einer Sterbenden und einem armen, harmlosen Bürschlein gegenüber den Eifersüchtigen zu spielen. Er begrüßte also den jungen Grafen mit einem kräftigen Händedruck und dankte ihm herzlich für die rührende Aufmerksamkeit, die er seiner Gattin erwiesen. Kein Wort vermochte der junge Graf zu erwidern, er schlug nur ein über das andere Mal die besprochenen Hacken klirrend aneinander und salutierte, und seine schöne Freundin klammerte sich mit beiden Händen fest an den Fensterrahmen, und die dicken Tränen rannen ihr über die Wangen wie damals, als sie zuerst so über seine natürlichen Fröhlichkeit hatte lachen müssen. Er hatte sich vorgenommen, zum Abschied noch einmal „Quarr koax koax quarrrr" und „Kikiki" zu machen. Sie sollte lachend von ihm scheiden. Aber er brachte es nicht zusammen. Es war ihm zumute, als ob ihm der Kragen die Kehle zuschnürte, er fühlte, daß er abwechselnd blaß und rot wurde und daß seine Augen überschlugen wollten. Und er ließ noch einmal die Hacken aneinander klirren, die Rechte schnellte an die Mütze, und dann lief er mit nach schleppendem Säbel davon, spornstreichs heim. Und da setzte er sich aus seinem Bett und schoß sich eine Kugel durch den Kopf. Es gab viel Gerede in der Gesellschaft und viel Gedrucktes in den Zeitungen, aber die kranke junge Frau erfuhr nichts mehr davon. Nach acht Tagen bereits erlöste sie ein sanfter Tod von aller Sehnsucht. So schön sah sie aus, wie sie ausgebahrt dalag in all der Frühlingssblumenpracht und unter den hohen, so weihevoll bleich leuchtenden Kerzen, das schmale Gesicht unter den blonden, dicken Haarwellen, so vornehm und vergegenwärtigt! Niemand in der Welt hätte es glauben können, daß diese verklärte Schönheit bei ihren Lebzeiten nur ein armes dummes Gänse gewesen sei, um das ein tüchtiger Mann von Geist und Charakter mit ganzer Seele trauerte und um das ein harmloser Trottel am Dasein verzweifelt war. Merdad stolperte darüben. Plauderei von Fran-Balke. Als Fräulein Vanderbilt dem Herzog von Marlborough die Hand reichte, da schmückten recht teure Speisekarten die Hochzeitstafel. Jede einzelne Karte wies eine andere Malerei auf und war von einem besonderen Künstler mit aller Sorgfalt hergestellt. Ein einziges solches eigenartige Kärtchen kostete 1200 Mark. Das will jedoch, selbst bei einer großen Zahl von Gästen, nicht viel sagen, wenn ein Hochzeitsvater ein Milliardär ist. Da hat sich's der indische Fürst von Baroda ein ganz anderes Sümmchen kosten lassen, als er für eine hochgeborene Dame, für die angebetete Göttin seines Herzens, eine entzückend schöne Gratulationskarte anfertigen ließ. Es war das eine Elfenbeinkarte, die zwar für europäische Verhältnisse eine ungewöhnliche Ausdehnung hatte — sie war ungefähr 30 Zentimeter lang und 25 Zentimeter breit — dafür aber auch an Kostbarkeit jede andere Karte in den Schatten stellte. Sie war mit zierlichen Zeichnungen aus dem Leben Buddhas versehen und besaß, was die Hauptache war, eine überaus prächtige Einfassung von 44 blitzenden, gewichtigen Diamanten. Den Wert dieses „zarten An gebindes" schätzt man auf zehn Millionen Mark. Von den größten und berühmtesten Diamanten der Welt abgesehen, dürfte wohl kaum eine „Kleinigkeit" diesem Prunkstück gleich kommen, wird doch der Wert der edelsten und seltensten Perle aus dem märchenhaften Kronschatz des Schahs von Persien „nur" auf zwei Millionen Mark angegeben. Freilich leisten kann sich der indische Fürst, dessen jährliche Einnahme 20 Millionen Mark übersteigen, ebenso wie der amerikanische Krösus. Dass Diamanten und Perlen auserlesene Dinge sind, auch wenn es nicht gerade in die Millionen geht, beweist eine Versteigerung wertvoller Juwelen, die kürzlich in London stattfand. Es handelte sich zum größten Teil um Geschmeide aus dem Besitz des Marquis von Anglesen, jenes verschwenderischen Lords, der die funkelnden Herrlichkeiten seines mit unerhörtem Luxus ausgestatteten Schlosses in Nordwales preisgeben musste, um einem gänzlichen Bankrott vorzubeugen. Als kostbarstes Stück der Juwelensammlung wurde ein Halsschmuck versteigert, der mit sechs viereckigen Smaragden und sechs großen ovalen Brillanten besetzt war und 140 000 guineen einbrachte. Dabei fehlten noch 60 000 an dem ursprünglichen Kaufpreise. Am auffalligsten wertvoll ist auch ein Smaragdgehänge, das vor wenigen Jahren ebenfalls in London für 82 000 guineen verkauft wurde und einem indischen Großen gehörte. Dieses Kleinod enthält einen makellosen Smaragden von sechs Karat Gewicht, den sechs strahlende Brillanten umsäumen. Der größte dieser alten indischen Diamanten ist wiederum mit einem selten schönen Smaragden verziert. — Eine ganz eigenartige Kostbarkeit ist ein Osterei, das dem verstorbenen Papst Leo XIII. jedesmal zur Osterzeit von einem ungenannten Bewunderer übersandt wurde. Die Schale der prächtigen Spende bestand aus vier Stücken tadellosen Elfenbeins, und zwar innen mit Satin ausgekleidet. Das Eidotter wurde durch ein Kästchen von reinem Gold dargestellt. Es barg im Inneren einen wundervollen, von Diamanten eingefassten Rubinen. Ein solches vornehmes Ei kostete mehr als 40 000 Mark. Prachtstücke seltener Art bringt auch der Blumenmarkt hervor, und es klingt fast unglaublich, was für Preise z. B. für Orchideen, ganz besonders für Vertreter der Gattung Dendroboard, bezahlt werden. Die schönste und teuerste Art dieser Gattung ist die Alexandra-Orchidee, die in den verschiedensten Spielarten auf den Markt gebracht wird. Eine seltene Abart dieser Orchidee — OckontoIossum Pianum — wurde in Manchester mit zwei goldenen Medaillen ausgezeichnet und in London für 23 000 Mark verkauft. Eine noch schöner Züchtung — jedoch, wie versichert wird, noch nicht die trefflichste, — soll ein Liebhaber mit 35 000 Mark bezahlt haben. In jüngster Zeit erregte eine vorzügliche Neuheit, Odontoglossum Amazonicum großes Aufsehen. Sie wurde wegen ihrer hervorragenden, seltenen Schönheit vom Orchideenpreisgericht in London mit einer Verdienstmedaille bedacht. Es ist nicht zu verwundern, daß diese Odontoglossum-Arten geschätzt und gesucht sind, sind es doch köstliche Gewächse, die mit ihren biegsamen, zierlichen Rispen, ihren zerstreuten, meist roten oder braunen Blüten lupfen aus den zarten Grundfarben auch den Nichtkenner entzücken. Die höchste Anerkennung zollte die Londoner Jury einer Cattleya-Art, einer herrlichen Orchidee mit beispiellos großen, farbenprächtigen Blüten. Ebenso merkwürdige, als teure Dinge findet man zuweilen bei den Zigeunern. So bestellte einst ein solcher Sohn der Pusla, der zum Pferdemarkt nach Hannover gekommen war, bei einem Goldarbeiter zwei Paar schwergoldene Sporen, deren Räder aus Zwanzigmarkstücken gefertigt sein mußten. Ein anderer Zigeuner, Jurkan mit Namen, gab einem Edel-schmied den Auftrag, an 300 eingelieferten Zwanzigmarkstücken goldene Ohrringe anzufertigen und davon blitzende Kelten zu erzeugen. Sie dienten später dem reichen Roßmarkt zigeuner zum prunkenden Wamsbehang. Eine seltene Erwerbung machte vor mehreren Jahren einer unserer gediegensten Geigenkünstler, Professor Hugo Heermann in Frankfurt a. M., der aus der Sammlung eines englischen Liebhabers eine alte Meistergeige, eine treffliche Stradivari zum Preis von 20 500 Mark erstand. Es soll jedoch nicht verschwiegen werden, daß einige Violinenvirtuosen von Ruf, wie Sarasate, Eugen Nblase u. a., noch wertvollere Instrumente besitzen. 30 000 Mark kostete auch ein Hut, wohl der teuerste, den es gibt. Er wurde im Elsaß aus gesponnenem Glase angefertigt und von einem Millionär namens Sheard gekauft. Zwei Jahre arbeiteten geschickte Hände an der seidenweichen, erstaunlich haltbaren Kopfbedeckung. riesige Summen werden oft von solchen, die es übrig haben, für Garderobe ausgegeben. Eine reiche Peruanerin bezahlte einst dem vornehmsten Damenschneider in Paris 125 000 Francs für ein mit entzückenden Spitzen besetztes Kleid; davon kamen auf die Spitzen allein 100 000 Francs. Die prächtigste Garderobe in Europa soll die Königin Margherita, die Witwe König Humberts, besitzen. Es wird erzählt, dass sich eine bekannte französische Schauspielerin glücklich schätzt, einen Lehnstuhl zu besitzen, dessen wundervoll durchwirkter Atlasbezug einst die Ehre hatte, Ihre Majestät bei einer Hofgesellschaft zu schmücken. Eine außerordentliche Seltenheit des königlichen Wäschezatzes ist ein Spitzentaschentuch, zu dessen Herstellung man mehrere Jahre brauchte. Es hat einen Wert von annähernd 120 000 Mark und ist so federleicht und fein, daß es, zusammengefaltet, in einem goldenen, winzig schmalen Schächtelchen aufbewahrt wird. Für den wertvollsten Mantel haben Vögel der Tuamotu-Inseln im Südseien ihren edelsteinschimmernden, buntfarbigen Gefiederschmuck hergeben müssen. Er ist ein Geschenk der Königin Pomare von Tahiti an den Kapitän Thompson. Das kostbare Kleinod besitzt jetzt die englische Lady Brassey. So manche Herrlichkeit birgt auch das reiche Gebiet der Töpferkunst oder Keramik, wie der fremde Name lautet. Aus den Königlichen Porzellanmanufakturen Kopenhagen, Straßburg, Meißen und Berlin gehen oft künstlerisch bedeutende Stücke, Sachen von wunderbarer Schönheit hervor. Nur ein Beispiel anzuführen, sei hervorgehoben, dass im vorigen Jahre auf einer Londoner Auktion eine prächtige Vase aus Sèvresporzellan für 84 000 Mark verkauft wurde. Das Gegenstück dieses vollendeten Erzeugnisses ist eine Zierde des Buckinghampalastes und gehört dem König Eduard. Unter den Kostbarkeiten ersten Ranges sei auch das Bett eines steinreichen amerikanischen Sonderlings erwähnt. Es kostete Millionen Mark. Die tüchtigsten französischen Künstler arbeiteten 214 Jahre an diesem märchenhaft teuren Möbel. Man fertigte es aus echtem Ebenholz und versah es mit zierlichen, kunstvollen Elfenbeinschnitzereien und eingelegten Goldfiligranmustern. In die ungeheure Summe sind noch nicht die gediegenen Bettvorhänge aus purpurnem Damast eingerechnet, wovon das Meter mit 109 Mark besonders bezahlt wurde. Die Fenstervorhänge des fürstlich ausgelegten Schlafraumes waren aus feinstem Brüsseler Tüchel bergestellt und enthielten Zwischenaewebe aus Seide. Das Paar hatte einen Wert von 5400 Mark. Nicht vergessen sei hier das Prachtbett, das sich der unglückliche König Ludwig II. für sein Wunderschlösser Herrenchiemsee bauen ließ und dafür 500 000 Mark ausgab, obwohl er nie darin geschlafen hat. Dieses Prunkbett steht im Paradesaal des prächtigen Königsschlosses und versetzt jeden Besucher in Staunen und Entzücken. Das Gestell des Bettes ist über und über mit goldschimmernden Holzschnitzereien bedeckt. Die Rückwand des Bettes zeigt unter anderem eine strahlende Sonne in Gold und Purpursamt gestickt. Prächtig ist die schwere Brokatdecke, ein Kunstwerk an üppiger Goldornamenten- und Seidenstickerei. Über dem Paradebett wölbt sich ein Märchen-Hafter Baldachin, der als besondere Zierde ein in Gold und Silber gesticktes Hochrelief „Venus aus dem Bade steigend" enthält. Die riesigen, kostbaren Vorhänge, die prunkend vor dem Baldachin herabsallen, sind ebenfalls Meisterwerke der Gold- und Silberstickerei. Bei solch unbeschreiblich wertvollen Arbeiten feiert das Kunstgewerbe wahre Triumph, und es ist durchaus nicht gerechtfertigt, ohne weiteres jegliche Verschwendung solcher Unsummen zu verdammen. Tausende rührige Hände schaffen und verdienen dadurch, begnadete Künstler betätigen sich in schöpferfreudigem Drang, und solche, die es werden wollen, erproben ihre Begabung an schweren, aber lohnenden Aufgaben. Es ist natürlich unmöglich, hier von allen den auserwählten Dingen zu berichten, die die Kunst der Menschen der- vorgebracht hat. Welche Schätze bergen nun Schlösser, Museen und ungezählte Privatsammlungen! Königskronen, Galawagen, Prunkspiegel, Pokale, Bildwerke, Gemälde, Kupferstiche, Teppiche, Schränke, Truhen von höchstem Wert wollen unter den „allerhand Kostbarkeiten" nicht vergessen sein. Doch ich möchte den geschätzten Leser nicht durch Zahlen ermüden, zumal ich schon Millionen von Mark verplaudert habe. Es sei mir nur noch erlaubt, zum Schluss drei kleine Papierstückchen zu Ehren kommen zu lassen: die seltensten Briefmarken der Welt. Es sind das, wie durch die Berichte über die internationale Postwertzeichenausstellung zu Berlin weiteren Kreisen bekannt wurde, die beiden Mauritius Post-Office-Marken und die hellblaue 2 - Cent - Marke von Hawaii. Zwei tadellose Stücke der Mauritiusmarken, die rote 1 Penny und die blaue 2 Pence, befinden sich in der berühmten Sammlung des Engländers Duveen, der dafür 30 000 Mark bezahlt hat. Die blaue Two-Pence-Marke besitzt der Prinz von Wales, der sie sich als eifriger Philatelist von einer Versteigerung für 29000 Mark erworben hat. Und gesagt den gleichen Wert hat die 2 Cent-Marke von Hawaii 1851, die die prächtig vollständige Sammlung des Deutschen Reichspostmuseums ziert. Laebenckes Ausruf. Närrische Weisheitssprüche. Der Mensch begeht oft wider Willen ein neues Vergehen nur, um der Schamröte über ein altes auszuweichen. Wenn du nicht zu viel suchest im Menschen, so findest du sehr viel. Noah war der einzige Mann, der aus Furcht vor dem Wasser zur See ging. Ein jeder hat sein Steckenpferd. Und lustig trabt es immer. Und hält er's vor der Welt nicht wert. So reitet er's im Zimmer. Moralische Ohrfeigen machen auch rote Backen. Die Geduld reißt immer am falschen Ende. Lange ist nicht ewig, aber ewig ist — lange. Du musst. Heute: Lustiger Abend "HW — SeimsMr-SLnsor SS Großer Elite "Valk. - 8 INNERSERIA, XAVIER SILVESTRE GRÜTZ. ÜBER SASSLWET, WAS IST LEMALPALIST? - LELER. WIE DIE UNTERSCHIEDE KROXETRUM. DARAUF M 2071 DIE UNTERDROHBE DEN NAMEN. AM ANFANG 8 UHR. EINTRITT 30 -H. LORZUGSKARTEN GÜLTIG. VUILGRÜHOLZ. LINSANT VORRÜCKSLOS IM TAXISTENHOF. HINTERHALT KLASSIK KONVWI. EINTRITT UND PROGRAMM TRETEN. ORT STÜSSENZ 707116 VERTRAGSBEILEGUNGEN. Mit DONNERSCHLAG DENNEN ÜBERSCHULDEN! WELCHE KROSCHELDOFSLITO ZU INNEN UND AUSSEN EIN UND DENNEN AUSSENAUSSCHÜSSES MIT DEN GEGENSPÜNGEN. EINE ELEGANTE POSTMUTTE TRUURS. VIERE UND KÜCHE EXQUISIT. EIN INH. DONI TRENTLER. VOR DEN KRISTALLSTÜBEN. DM- UND GEGENÜBER DEN RATHAL-PALAST. Heute: SCHLACHTFEST. DITTZER AUF DER MER, DER VERWALTE. Mit LETZTE DATEN 76 49. KELLER IN KÜNIGSPALAST, FERME AUF VON 6 MORGEN AN: SPEZIALGEIERTES IN WARME KLEIDER SPEZIAL. MUSS LILLEKE. 8078 VERSILBERT MIT EINER ZIECKLUNGSSELLETTEN LINGE. EINTRITT TRETEN, WAS SIE WIEDERHOLEN. A KLEIDER VERSCHENKEN. DONNERSTAG, DEN 18. VORABER, 8 UHR, ABENDUNTERHALT IM HEIM DES HAUSVATER-BERGES. MARIENSTRASSE 7. 716, DM EINE GOLDENE ARMBANDE aus HOTEL HAUSE, MOZARTSTRASSE, AUF UMWEGEN BIS ZUR GAUTSCHER SPITZ VERLOREN. ABZUGEBEN GEGEN GUTE BELONNUNG 816 HARKORTSSTRASSE 8, III. SONNABEND NACHMITTAGS in goldenem keiserlichem Etui von PETERSTRASSE die AUGUSTPLATZ. ABZUGEBEN GEGEN BELONNUNG -4, REUDNITZ, KAPRILLENSTRASSE. VERIINSTLÜNK ÄNDERT. MÄßIGEN! BITTE GROßERE FABRIK OFFERTE IN BILLIGEN WEIHNACHTSARTIKELN, CHRISTBAUM-BEHANDELN USW. GEGEN SOF. LARSEN. GEST. OFFERTE ERBETEILIGT UNTER 2. 4668 AN DIE REDAKTION diese Blätter. 717 LÖHNGESCHIRRE -7 MASCHINEN, DERELEGT AUTOSCHUTZ. AU KUNSTLER HAINSTRASSE 25, I. TELEFON 76B4 717 KOSTENLOS Sucht junges Beamtes (heil. Charakter.) auf einige Stellen nach Berlin. OFF. ERB. UNTER E. 1 AN DIE REDAKTION diese Blätter. Entlauf. GONNT. 9 Uhr kleines weißes, lautes Hündchen. Gute Belohnung. GÜTESAUAustr. 11, III. 676 Zu der Mittwoch, des 17. Oktober 1979, abends 8 1/2 Uhr im Saal des SANFT-NACHALE. VERSCHIEDENE HOBEN, VON 6 MORGEN AN: SPEZIALGEIERTES IN WARME KLEIDERN SPEZIAL. MUSS LILLEKE. 8078 VERSILBERT MIT EINER ZIECKLUNGSSELLETTEN LINGE. EINTRITT TRETEN, WAS SIE WIEDERHOLEN. A KLEIDER VERSCHENKEN. DONNERSTAG, DEN 18. VORABER, 8 UHR, ABENDUNTERHALT IM HEIM DES HAUSVATER-BERGES. MARIENSTRASSE 7. 716, DM EINE GOLDENE ARMBANDE aus HOTEL HAUSE, MOZARTSTRASSE, AUF UMWEGEN BIS ZUR GAUTSCHER SPITZ VERLOREN. ABZUGEBEN GEGEN GUTE BELONNUNG 816 HARKORTSSTRASSE 8, III. SONNABEND NACHMITTAGS in goldenem keiserlichem Etui von PETERSTRASSE die AUGUSTPLATZ. ABZUGEBEN GEGEN BELONNUNG -4, REUDNITZ, KAPRILLENSTRASSE. VERIINSTLÜNK ÄNDERT. MÄSSIGEN! BITTE GROßERE FABRIK OFFERTE IN BILLIGEN WEIHNACHTSARTIKELN, CHRISTBAUM-BEHANDELN USW. GEGEN SOF. LARSEN. GEST. OFFERTE ERBETEILIGT UNTER 2. 4668 AN DIE REDAKTION diese Blätter. 717 LÖHNGESCHIRRE -7 MASCHINEN, DERELEGT AUTOSCHUTZ. AU KUNSTLER HAINSTRASSE 25, I. TELEFON 76B4 717 KOSTENLOS Sucht junges Beamtes (heil. Charakter.) auf einige Stellen nach Berlin. OFF. ERB. UNTER E. 1 AN DIE REDAKTION diese Blätter. Nr. 513. IW. Leipzig. Tageblatt. Dienstag, 16. Oktober 1886. HL7L1HO11 i», SsvksenkvG, ssos Frl. Drasto. Grisetten. Anfang '/,8 Uhr. Ende 10 Uhr. Herr Schröder. Frl. Buse. Herr Frl Frl. Frl. Frl, Io Lerllo, Llghostlerbans, 2.' Gastspiele bei Fixpunkt unterm Haase. Direnden Lrltllren der gesamten Serliner kresse. Herr Kunze. Herr Löschcke. Herr Rapp. Frl. Sendern. Herr Scholz. Herr Schröder. Frl. Reklin. Mittwoch den 17. Oktober <282. Abonn.-Vorstell., 2. Serie, rot): 31 Große Oper in 5 Akten. Musik von Halsvy. Opernpreise. Anfang 7 Uhr. Eintrittskarten im Vorverkauf: Musikalischensaal; D. Dadst, Neuköniigstr 26. Kaalplatz 1 dklr., 8perrsitr 2 und 3 All. ssr Mittwoch, den 17. Oktober: 12. volkstümliche Vorstellung zu halben Preisen. Die Lmrlsstvtllvr. Schauspiel in 5 Akten von Heinrich Laube. Anfang i/F Uhr. vt« ll>1r»kttou Neues ehester. (Nachdruck wird gerichtlich verfolgt^ Dienstag, den 16. Oktober (281. Abonn -Vorstellung, 1. Serie, grün): Anfang 7 Uhr Oper in 4 Akten nach dem Italienischen des F. M. Piave von I. C. Grünbaum. Musik von Giuseppe Verdi. Regie: Regisseur Marion. — Musikalische Leitung: Kapellmeister Porst. Dienstag, den 16. Oktober 1886: Der Herzog von Mantua, Herr Christian. Rigoletto, sein Hofnarr. Gilda, dessen Tochter Graf von Monterone Graf von Ceprano. Die Gräfin, seine Frau Giovanna, Gilda's Diener Haas. Ulrich. Bohne. Zahn. Waldau. Ebelt. Frl. Warichawa. Olga, seine Frau. Priftschitsch.pontevedrinisch. Oberst in Pension. Praskowia, seine Frau Njegus, Kanzlisten bei der Gesandtschaft Lolo Dodo Jou-Jou Frou-Frou Clo-Clo Margot Ein Herr Herr Di-tzmann. Ein Kellner Herr Bärwinkel. Ein Diener Herr Renner. Pausen nach dem 1. und 2. Akt. Guslaren. Musikanten. Dienerschaft. Der 3. Akt im Salon des pontevedrinischen des Palais der Frau Hanna Glawari und! -°E-- -L Sporasucile, ein Bravo. Maddalena, seine Schwester Ein Diener Ein Kavalier. Ein Page Herren und Damen vom Hofe. Pagen. Hellebardiere. Zeit der Handlung: Das 16. Jahrhundert. Im 1. Akt: Menuett, arrangiert von der Ballettmeisterin Frl. StrengSmann, ausgeführt von den Damen des Corps de Ballet. Pausen nach dem 2. und 3. Akt. Texte L 30 Pf. an der Kasse und bei den Logenschließern. Kleine Vorpreise. Parterre 1.—3. Reihe 1,75 Parterre 4.-8. Reihe 1,50 Parterre-Stehplatz 1,50 ^l, I. Parkett 4 ll. Parkett 3 50 ./L, Part.-Logen: (Platz) 3,50 ./«, Proscenium-Logen im Parterre und Balkon: (Platz) 6 >4, Mittel-Balkon, Border-Reihen 6 do. Mittel-Reihen 5 do. Hinter-Reihen 4 Seiten-Balkon 5 Balkon-Logen: (Platz) 4,— Proscenium-Logen im I. Rang (Platz) 3,50 .< Amphitheater, Sperrsitz 3,50 ^/li, do. Stehplatz 1,50 ./L, I. | 24,384 |
https://github.com/w283873585/MyTest/blob/master/zweb/src/main/webapp/js/main/interfaceManager.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,019 | MyTest | w283873585 | JavaScript | Code | 714 | 2,941 | var interfaceManager = (function () {
/**
* 接口
* {
* url: "",
* name: "",
* desc: "",
* params: [{
* key: "",
* desc: ""
* constraint: ""
* }],
* result: [{
* key: "",
* desc: "",
* }]
* }
*/
var basePath = null,
container = null,
interfaceData = null;
return {
init: init,
search: function(callback) {
$("#interfaceTestCase").hide();
$("#interfaceSearch").show();
$("#toInterfaceTestCase").hide();
query();
var originDipatch = dispatch;
dispatch = function() {
var index = $(this).index(".interfaceEntity");
var cur = interfaceData[index];
callback(cur);
dispatch = originDipatch;
$("#interfaceTestCase").show();
$("#interfaceSearch").hide();
}
}
};
/**
利用一个引用函数中转一次事件绑定函数,
然后通过修改此引用, 来改变事件绑定的指向
*/
function dispatch(callback) {
callback.call(this);
}
function init(path) {
basePath = path;
$("#queryInterface").click(query);
$("body").keydown(function(e){
if (e.keyCode==13)
query();
});
container = $("#interfaceBody");
var modifier = getModifier();
// 延迟策略双击阻止单击事件
var timer = null;
// 单击修改接口信息
container.on("click", ".interfaceEntity", function() {
dispatch.call(this, modifyInterface);
});
// 双击接口调用
container.on("dblclick", ".interfaceEntity", function() {
dispatch.call(this, loadInterface);
return false;
});
// 进入测试用例模式
$("#toInterfaceTestCase").on("click", function() {
$("#interfaceTestCase").show();
$("#interfaceSearch").hide();
});
// 将接口数据加载如请求器
function loadInterface() {
clearTimeout(timer);
$('#interfaceManager').modal('hide');
var index = $(this).index(".interfaceEntity");
var cur = interfaceData[index];
// 添加参数
var params = [];
for(var i in cur.params) {
var curParam = cur.params[i];
params.push({
key: curParam.key,
value: "",
processorKeys: curParam.constraint
});
}
// 请求器导入接口数据
requestManager.initialize(cur.url, params);
}
// 修改接口相关信息
function modifyInterface() {
clearTimeout(timer);
var that = $(this);
timer = setTimeout(function(){
var index = that.index(".interfaceEntity");
modifier.start(index);
}, 200);
}
}
function query() {
var keyword = $("#queryKeyword").val();
$.ajax({
url: basePath + "/my/interface/query",
type: "post",
data: {keyword: keyword},
dataType: "json"
}).done(function(data) {
renderInterfaceData(data);
});
}
function renderInterfaceData(data) {
// 保存接口数据
interfaceData = data;
container.html("");
$(".interfaceEntity").popover("destroy");
for (var i in data) {
var json = data[i];
var html = "<a class=\"col-sm-2 bg-danger interfaceBox interfaceEntity\""
+ "tabindex=\"1\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"popover\""
+ "data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\""
+ "data-trigger=\"hover\" title=\"<code>" + json.url + "</code>\""
+ "data-content=\""
+ "<div class='table_container'>"
+ "<div class='title'>接口描述:</div>"
+ (json.desc ? json.desc : "无")
+ "<br/><br/>"
+ "</div>"
+ "<div class='table_container bg-success'>"
+ "<div class='title'>请求参数:</div>"
+ "<table class='table table-condensed'>"
+ getTableBody(json.params)
+ "</table>"
+ "</div>"
+ "<div class='table_container bg-success'>"
+ "<div class='title'>结果:</div>"
+ "<table class='table table-condensed'>"
+ getTableBody(json.results)
+ "</table>"
+ "</div>"
+ "\">" + json.name + "</a>";
container.append(html);
$(".interfaceEntity").popover();
}
}
function getTableBody(arr) {
if (!arr || !arr.length)
return "<tr><td>无</td><td>";
var result = "";
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
var cur = arr[i];
result += "<tr><td>" + cur.key + "</td><td>" + cur.desc + "</td></tr>"
}
return result;
}
// 修改者
function getModifier() {
var started = false;
var container = $("#interfaceModify");
var data = null;
container.on("click", "#doModify", function() {
if (!started) return;
var iName = $("#m_interfaceName").val();
var iDesc = $("#m_interfaceDesc").val();
data.name = iName || data.name;
data.desc = iDesc;
$("#m_interfaceParam .param_v").each(function(index) {
data.params[index].desc = $(this).val();
});
$("#m_interfaceResult .param_v").each(function(index) {
data.results[index].desc = $(this).val();
});
$.ajax({
url: basePath + "/my/interface/update",
data: {entityStr: JSON.stringify(data)},
type: "post",
success: function() {
close();
}
});
});
container.on("click", "#doClose", function() {
if (!started) return;
close();
});
return {
start: start
};
function start(index) {
started = true;
container.show();
$("#interfaceSearch").hide();
data = interfaceData[index];
renderHtml();
}
function close() {
data = null;
started = false;
container.html("");
container.hide();
$("#interfaceSearch").show();
}
function renderHtml() {
var html = "<div class='row' style='margin-left: -100px'>"
+ "<div class='form-group col-md-12'>"
+ "<code>" + data.url + "</code>"
+ "</div>"
+ "</div>"
+ "<div class='row form-group' style='margin-left: -100px'>"
+ "<div class='col-md-12'>"
+ "<label>接口</label>"
+ "</div>"
+ "<div class='col-md-6 param_kv'>"
+ "<input type='text' class='form-control' placeholder='名称' id='m_interfaceName' value='" + data.name + "'>"
+ "</div>"
+ "<div class='col-md-6 param_kv'>"
+ "<input type='text' class='form-control' placeholder='描述' id='m_interfaceDesc' value='" + data.desc + "'>"
+ "</div>"
+ "</div>"
+ "<div class='row form-group' style='margin-left: -100px' id='m_interfaceParam'>"
+ "<div class='col-md-12'>"
+ "<label>参数</label>"
+ "</div>"
+ getHtml(data.params)
+ "</div>"
+ "<div class='row form-group' style='margin-left: -100px' id='m_interfaceResult'>"
+ "<div class='col-md-12'>"
+ "<label>结果</label>"
+ "</div>"
+ getHtml(data.results)
+ "</div>"
+ "<div class='row' style='margin-left: -100px; margin-top: 30px;'>"
+ "<div class='col-md-6'>"
+ "<a href='javascript:;' class='btn btn-success' id='doModify' role='button'> 保存 </a>"
+ " "
+ "<a href='javascript:;' class='btn btn-default' id='doClose' role='button'> 返回 </a>"
+ "</div>"
+ "</div>";
container.html(html);
}
function getHtml(arr) {
if (!arr || !arr.length)
return "<div class='col-md-12'>无</div>";
var result = "";
for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
var cur = arr[i];
result += "<div class='col-md-6 param_kv'>"
+ "<input type='text' class='form-control' placeholder='名称' value='" + cur.key + "' readonly>"
+ "</div>"
+ "<div class='col-md-6 param_kv'>"
+ "<input type='text' class='form-control param_v' placeholder='描述' value='" + cur.desc + "'>"
+ "</div>";
}
return result;
}
}
})(); | 17,591 |
<urn:uuid:41376749-5e0c-4641-85f5-829cd1610d25> | French Open Data | Open Government | Various open data | null | https://www.courdecassation.fr/decision/export/5fd8fb2f98c3cb9060b4865e/0 | courdecassation.fr | French | Spoken | 517 | 739 | Sur le rapport de M. le conseiller WYON, les observations de la société civile professionnelle CÉLICE, SOLTNER, TEXIDOR
ET PÉRIER et de Me RICARD, avocats en la Cour, et les conclusions de M. l'avocat général VALAT ;
Statuant sur la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité formulée par mémoire spécial reçu le 2 mai 2017 et présentée
à l'occasion du pourvoi formé par elles contre l'ordonnance n° 43 du premier président de la cour d'appel de PARIS, en
date du 23 septembre 2015, qui a prononcé sur la régularité des opérations de visite et de saisie effectuées par
l'administration de la concurrence, de la consommation et de la répression des fraudes en vue de rechercher la preuve
de pratiques anticoncurrentielles ;
"L'article L. 450-4 alinéa 8 du code de commerce et l'article 56 du code de procédure pénale auquel il est renvoyé pour la
réalisation des inventaires et mises sous scellé à l'occasion d'une visite domiciliaire, en ce que, selon l'interprétation de la
Cour de cassation, ils permettent aux agents de la puissance publique de refuser à l'occupant des lieux de prendre une
connaissance préalable des pièces et documents notamment informatiques avant leur saisie du seul fait qu'une copie est
établie et délivrée à celui-ci à la fin de la visite pour lui permettre d'identifier ultérieurement les pièces emportées et en
ce qu'il laisse lesdits agents libres de ne pas procéder à des scellés fermés provisoires permettant un examen différé des
pièces sur lesquelles la légitimité des enquêteurs à les appréhender est cependant contestée, ne portent-ils pas une
atteinte disproportionnée aux droits de la défense constitutionnellement protégés par les principes fondamentaux
reconnus par les lois de la République et par l'article 16 de la Déclaration des droits de l'homme de 1789 ainsi qu'au droit
au respect de la vie privée reconnu et garanti par l'article 12 de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme de 1948
auquel renvoie le préambule de la Constitution ?" ;
Et attendu que la question posée ne présente pas, à l'évidence, un caractère sérieux, dès lors que les dispositions de
l'article L. 450-4 du code de commerce assurent un contrôle effectif par le juge de la nécessité de chaque visite, lui
donnent les moyens d'en suivre effectivement le cours, de régler les éventuels incidents, de mettre fin à la visite à tout
moment et, le cas échéant, de statuer sur la régularité de la visite et des saisies ;
Que la remise par les enquêteurs à l'occupant des lieux, à l'issue de la visite, d'une copie de l'ensemble des fichiers et des
documents saisis, met celui-ci en mesure d'en prendre connaissance, et de contester ensuite devant le premier président
de la cour d'appel, sous le contrôle de la Cour de cassation, le bien fondé des saisies ;
Que dès lors le fait de ne pas pouvoir identifier ces documents préalablement à leur saisie n'a pas pour effet de causer à
l'occupant des lieux une atteinte aux droits de la défense et au respect de la vie privée ;
Soulard, conseiller le plus ancien faisant fonction de président en remplacement du président empêché, M. Wyon, | 10,255 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16146495 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Jon Ballantyne | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 836 | 1,961 | Jon Ballantyne
Australian rules footballer
Jon Ballantyne instance of human
Jon Ballantyne sex or gender male
Jon Ballantyne date of birth 1969
Jon Ballantyne occupation Australian rules football player
Jon Ballantyne member of sports team Collingwood Football Club
Jon Ballantyne member of sports team Scottish Claymores
Jon Ballantyne member of sports team Western Bulldogs
Jon Ballantyne given name Jon
Jon Ballantyne AFL Tables player ID J/Jon_Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne AustralianFootball.com player ID 12724
Jon Ballantyne sport Australian rules football
Jon Ballantyne languages spoken, written or signed English
Jon Ballantyne family name Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne Freebase ID /m/0ds5ht
Jon Ballantyne
Australianfootballspeler
Jon Ballantyne is een mens
Jon Ballantyne sekse of geslacht mannelijk
Jon Ballantyne geboortedatum 1969
Jon Ballantyne beroep australianfootballspeler
Jon Ballantyne lid van sportteam of club Collingwood Football Club
Jon Ballantyne lid van sportteam of club Scottish Claymores
Jon Ballantyne lid van sportteam of club Western Bulldogs
Jon Ballantyne voornaam Jon
Jon Ballantyne AFL Tables-identificatiecode voor speler J/Jon_Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne Australianfootball.com-identificatiecode 12724
Jon Ballantyne sport Australian football
Jon Ballantyne taalbeheersing Engels
Jon Ballantyne familienaam Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne Freebase-identificatiecode /m/0ds5ht
Jon Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne nature de l’élément être humain
Jon Ballantyne sexe ou genre masculin
Jon Ballantyne date de naissance 1969
Jon Ballantyne occupation joueur de football australien
Jon Ballantyne membre de l'équipe de sport Collingwood Football Club
Jon Ballantyne membre de l'équipe de sport Scottish Claymores
Jon Ballantyne membre de l'équipe de sport Western Bulldogs
Jon Ballantyne prénom Jon
Jon Ballantyne identifiant AFL Tables d'un joueur J/Jon_Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne identifiant Australianfootball.com 12724
Jon Ballantyne sport football australien
Jon Ballantyne langues parlées, écrites ou signées anglais
Jon Ballantyne nom de famille Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne identifiant Freebase /m/0ds5ht
Jon Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne ist ein(e) Mensch
Jon Ballantyne Geschlecht männlich
Jon Ballantyne Geburtsdatum 1969
Jon Ballantyne Tätigkeit Australian-Football-Spieler
Jon Ballantyne Mitglied von Sportmannschaft oder -verein Collingwood Magpies
Jon Ballantyne Mitglied von Sportmannschaft oder -verein Scottish Claymores
Jon Ballantyne Mitglied von Sportmannschaft oder -verein Western Bulldogs
Jon Ballantyne Vorname Jon
Jon Ballantyne AFL Tables-ID J/Jon_Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne AustralianFootball.com ID 12724
Jon Ballantyne Sportart Australian Football
Jon Ballantyne gesprochene oder publizierte Sprachen Englisch
Jon Ballantyne Familienname Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne Freebase-Kennung /m/0ds5ht
Jon Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne instancia de ser humano
Jon Ballantyne sexo o género masculino
Jon Ballantyne fecha de nacimiento 1969
Jon Ballantyne ocupación jugador de fútbol australiano
Jon Ballantyne miembro del equipo deportivo Collingwood Football Club
Jon Ballantyne miembro del equipo deportivo Western Bulldogs
Jon Ballantyne nombre de pila Jon
Jon Ballantyne deporte fútbol australiano
Jon Ballantyne lenguas habladas, escritas o signadas inglés
Jon Ballantyne apellido Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne Identificador Freebase /m/0ds5ht
Jon Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne instancia de humanu
Jon Ballantyne sexu masculín
Jon Ballantyne fecha de nacimientu 1969
Jon Ballantyne ocupación xugador de fútbol australianu
Jon Ballantyne nome Jon
Jon Ballantyne deporte fútbol australianu
Jon Ballantyne llingües falaes inglés
Jon Ballantyne apellíu Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne identificador en Freebase /m/0ds5ht
Jon Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne instancë e njeri
Jon Ballantyne gjinia mashkull
Jon Ballantyne data e lindjes 1969
Jon Ballantyne emri Jon
Jon Ballantyne gjuhë që flet, shkruan ose këndon anglisht
Jon Ballantyne mbiemri Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne Freebase ID /m/0ds5ht
Jon Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne instància de ésser humà
Jon Ballantyne sexe o gènere masculí
Jon Ballantyne data de naixement 1969
Jon Ballantyne ocupació jugador de futbol australià
Jon Ballantyne membre de l'equip esportiu Collingwood Football Club
Jon Ballantyne membre de l'equip esportiu Scottish Claymores
Jon Ballantyne membre de l'equip esportiu Western Bulldogs Football Club
Jon Ballantyne prenom Jon
Jon Ballantyne identificador AFL Tables de jugador J/Jon_Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne identificador AustralianFootball.com 12724
Jon Ballantyne esport futbol australià
Jon Ballantyne llengua parlada, escrita o signada anglès
Jon Ballantyne cognom Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne identificador Freebase /m/0ds5ht
Jon Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne istanza di umano
Jon Ballantyne sesso o genere maschio
Jon Ballantyne data di nascita 1969
Jon Ballantyne occupazione giocatore di football australiano
Jon Ballantyne membro della squadra sportiva Collingwood Football Club
Jon Ballantyne membro della squadra sportiva Scottish Claymores
Jon Ballantyne membro della squadra sportiva Western Bulldogs
Jon Ballantyne prenome Jon
Jon Ballantyne identificativo AFL Tables di un giocatore J/Jon_Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne identificativo AustralianFootball di un giocatore 12724
Jon Ballantyne sport football australiano
Jon Ballantyne lingue parlate o scritte inglese
Jon Ballantyne cognome Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne identificativo Freebase /m/0ds5ht
Jon Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne sampla de duine
Jon Ballantyne gnéas nó inscne fireann
Jon Ballantyne dáta breithe 1969
Jon Ballantyne gairm imreoir peile Astrálaí
Jon Ballantyne céadainm Jon
Jon Ballantyne spórt peil Astrálach
Jon Ballantyne teangacha Béarla
Jon Ballantyne sloinne Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne instance of human
Jon Ballantyne sex or gender male
Jon Ballantyne date of birth 1969
Jon Ballantyne occupation Australian rules football player
Jon Ballantyne given name Jon
Jon Ballantyne family name Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne Freebase ID /m/0ds5ht
Jon Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne instance of human
Jon Ballantyne sex or gender male
Jon Ballantyne date of birth 1969
Jon Ballantyne occupation Australian rules football player
Jon Ballantyne given name Jon
Jon Ballantyne sport Australian rules football
Jon Ballantyne languages spoken, written or signed English
Jon Ballantyne surname Ballantyne
Jon Ballantyne Freebase ID /m/0ds5ht | 3,601 |
https://github.com/Jiraiya27/coin-th-react-native/blob/master/components/Today.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | coin-th-react-native | Jiraiya27 | JavaScript | Code | 520 | 1,767 | import React from 'React'
import { View, StyleSheet, Text } from 'react-native'
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'
import { formatNumber } from '../helper/bx_helper'
import moment from 'moment'
moment.locale('th')
const Row = props => {
const { children, style } = props
return (
<View style={[styles.row, style]}>{children}</View>
)
}
const Item = props => {
const { children, style } = props
return (
<View style={[styles.item, style]}>{children}</View>
)
}
const TitleText = props => {
const { children, style } = props
return (
<Text style={[styles.itemTitle, style]}>{children}</Text>
)
}
const ItemContentText = props => {
const { children, style } = props
return (
<Text style={[styles.itemContentText, style]}>{children}</Text>
)
}
export default class Today extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props)
this.state = {
pairing_id: props.pairing_id,
last_price: props.last_price,
orderbook: props.orderbook,
data: {
avg: '',
high: '',
low: '',
volume: '',
open: '',
close: ''
}
}
}
static propTypes = {
pairing_id: PropTypes.number.isRequired,
last_price: PropTypes.number.isRequired,
orderbook: PropTypes.shape({
bids: PropTypes.shape({
total: PropTypes.number,
volume: PropTypes.number,
highbid: PropTypes.number
}),
asks: PropTypes.shape({
total: PropTypes.number,
volume: PropTypes.number,
highbid: PropTypes.number
}).isRequired
}),
}
static getDerivedStateFromProps(nextProps, prevProps) {
if (nextProps === prevProps) return null
const { pairing_id, last_price } = nextProps
return { ...this.state, pairing_id, last_price }
}
componentDidMount() {
this.getTradeHistory()
}
getTradeHistory = async () => {
try {
const date = moment().format('YYYY-MM-DD')
const response = await fetch(`https://bx.in.th/api/tradehistory/?pairing=${this.state.pairing_id}&date=${date}`, {
method: 'GET',
headers: {
'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
Accepts: 'application/json'
}
})
const { data } = await response.json()
this.setState({ data, refreshing: false })
} catch (error) {
console.log(error)
}
}
render() {
const { open, close, high, low, volume } = this.state.data
const formattedOpen = formatNumber(open, 2, '.', ',')
const formattedClose = formatNumber(close, 2, '.', ',')
const highFormatted = formatNumber(high, 2, '.' , ',')
const lowFormatted = formatNumber(low, 2, '.' , ',')
const volumeFormatted = formatNumber(volume, 2, '.' , ',')
const cmcPrice = 0
const diff = this.state.last_price - 0
return (
<View style={styles.container}>
<View style={[styles.paddingSides, styles.container]}>
<Row>
<Text style={{ fontSize: 24 }}>Today</Text>
<View style={{ flex: 1, display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'row', justifyContent: 'flex-end'}}>
<Item>
<TitleText style={{ color: '#3fb3f0', fontSize: 12 }}>Open</TitleText>
<ItemContentText style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>{formattedOpen}</ItemContentText>
</Item>
<Item style={{ marginLeft: '2%' }}>
<TitleText style={{ color: '#3fb3f0', fontSize: 12 }}>Close</TitleText>
<ItemContentText style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>{formattedClose}</ItemContentText>
</Item>
</View>
</Row>
<Row style={{ justifyContent: 'space-around', marginTop: 10 }}>
<Item>
<TitleText style={{ color: '#63d4a2'}}>High</TitleText>
<ItemContentText>{highFormatted}</ItemContentText>
</Item>
<Item>
<TitleText style={{ color: '#f67888'}}>Low</TitleText>
<ItemContentText>{lowFormatted}</ItemContentText>
</Item>
<Item>
<TitleText>Volume</TitleText>
<ItemContentText>{volumeFormatted}</ItemContentText>
</Item>
<Item>
<TitleText>Market Cap</TitleText>
<ItemContentText>{0.00}</ItemContentText>
</Item>
</Row>
</View>
<Row style={{
justifyContent: 'space-between',
paddingTop: 10,
paddingBottom: 10,
backgroundColor: 'lightgray',
paddingLeft: '5%',
paddingRight: '5%'
}}>
<Item>
<TitleText style={{ textAlign: 'left' }}>bx.in.th</TitleText>
<ItemContentText style={{ color: '#3fb3f0', fontWeight: '600' }}>{this.state.last_price}</ItemContentText>
</Item>
<Item>
<TitleText>coinmarketcap.com</TitleText>
<ItemContentText style={{ color: '#3fb3f0', fontWeight: '600' }}>{cmcPrice}</ItemContentText>
</Item>
<Item>
<TitleText style={{ textAlign: 'right' }} >diff</TitleText>
<ItemContentText style={{ color: '#3fb3f0', fontWeight: '600' }}>{diff}</ItemContentText>
</Item>
</Row>
{/** Add Row for showing % buy and sell*/}
</View>
)
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
paddingSides: {
paddingLeft: '5%',
paddingRight: '5%',
paddingTop: 10,
paddingBottom: 10
},
container: {
width: '100%'
},
row: {
width: '100%',
display: 'flex',
flexDirection: 'row'
},
item: {
display: 'flex',
flexDirection: 'column'
},
itemTitle: {
textAlign: 'center',
fontWeight: 'bold',
marginBottom: 5,
color: 'rgb(134,134,134)'
},
itemContentText: {
color: 'gray',
textAlign: 'center'
}
}) | 37,397 |
https://github.com/periodo/edtf-ontology/blob/master/cases/level-2/all-of-set-3.ttl | Github Open Source | Open Source | CC0-1.0 | 2,022 | edtf-ontology | periodo | Turtle | Code | 199 | 724 | @base <https://periodo.github.io/edtf-ontology/> .
@prefix : <cases/level-2/all-of-set-3.ttl#> .
@prefix edtfo: <edtfo.ttl#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix time: <http://www.w3.org/2006/time#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
<> a owl:Ontology ;
owl:imports <edtfo.ttl>
.
:When a owl:Class ;
# The year 1984 and all earlier years.
# Elements immediately preceeding and/or following as well as the elements
# represented by a double-dot, all have the same precision.
edtfo:hasEDTFDateTimeSetDescription "{..1984}" ;
owl:disjointUnionOf (
:TimeIn1984
:TimeInSomeYearBefore1984
)
.
:TimeIn1984 a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf time:Instant ;
owl:equivalentClass [
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty time:inDateTime ;
owl:someValuesFrom :1984
]
.
:TimeInSomeYearBefore1984 a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf time:Instant ;
owl:unionOf (
[ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty time:inDateTime ;
owl:someValuesFrom :SomeYearBefore1984
]
[ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty time:before ;
owl:someValuesFrom :TimeIn1984
]
)
.
:YearPrecisionDescription a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
time:DateTimeDescription
[ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty time:unitType ;
owl:hasValue time:unitYear
]
)
.
:1984 a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
:YearPrecisionDescription
[ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty time:year ;
owl:hasValue 1984
]
)
.
:SomeYearBefore1984 a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf (
:YearPrecisionDescription
# year before 1984
[ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty time:year ;
owl:someValuesFrom [
a rdfs:Datatype ;
owl:onDatatype xsd:integer ;
owl:withRestrictions ([ xsd:maxExclusive 1984 ])
]
]
)
.
| 46,342 |
delaformationet00clapgoog_11 | French-PD-diverse | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,859 | De la formation et de la fécondation des œufs chez les vers nématodes | René-Édouard Claparède | French | Spoken | 376 | 668 | Fig. 11. Blastogèned'unejeune Ascaride trouvée dans l'intestin du Triton tœniatus. Fig. 12. Muscles longitudinaux des parois du corps de cette même Ascaride. Fig. 13. Muscles longitudinaux des parois du corps de Y Ascaris mucronata. REMARQUE. Dans un travail inséré dans le numéro d'Octobre 1858 de la Zeitschrift fûrwiss. Zoologie, M. Munk* se plaint amèrement de ce que je ne faise aucune mention de ses recherches dans la < Vorlâufige Mittheilung » que j'ai publiée en 4857 dans ce même journal. 11 fait observer que ses recherches ont été faites en même temps que les miennes, qu'elles ont été présentées au même concours, et que le rapport de la commission annonce expressément que ces deux travaux sont arrivés, sur la plupart des points, aux mêmes résultats. J'espère tranquilliser la légitime suscepti bilité de M. Munk, en rappelant que ma «Vorlâufige Mittheilung» a été adressée en Mai 1857 à la Zeitschrift fur wiss. Zoologie, et que la commission n'ayant rapporté sur le travail de M. Munk qu'au mois d'Août de la même année, il m'était impos sible de connaître alors les conclusions, ni l'existence de ce travail. Je me plais toutefois à reconnaître ici que les recherches de M. Munk, faites à la même époque que les miennes, ont conduit leur auteur à des résultats en très-grande partie semblables aux miens. Il est inutile de m'appesantir ici sur les points de détail qui présentent quelque divergence, d'autant plus que M. Munk , me blâmant d'avoir à peine abordé certains sujets, trouvera une réponse satisfaisante dans les pages qui précèdent. Il est clair que dans ma c Vorlâufige Mittheilung » je ne pouvais entrer dans une foule de détails qui trouvent leur place dans le mémoire complet. ^ Ueber Ei-und Samenbildung und Befruchtung bei den Nematoden, von Hermann Munk. P.Lackerbauer lith Ed.Claparéde de^' if ? Lackcrbaucililh Fd CUoi.-;iAs.A-i; M. i( il P.l.ackerbauerUlii. t«^ li> w. &c sue» Il t-oH^ ^ %. /A^ PLackerbauer lith. Ed Oaçareue del* x^ 'J!* P.LackerbaiiÈrlith, *=^^ t lU % .:! Ed.Claparèdedcl' 4 *. ^. ;■ Il %m l:'Ô •H^^*^ ,0 t* Ij'^-: r'^ ''■■"Y"' ^. V C ^> :f ^; i ' ' ; 1 zi 2G «; 27. r r 1 m ■ # ® F. Lackerbauer lilh. Ed Claparède del' P.Ltdk«1)aaer liiK. | 3,779 |
sn87058075_1920-05-28_1_5_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,920 | None | None | English | Spoken | 2,211 | 3,372 | GROSSED GROCERY AND VARIETY STORE N. I. Phone 467 GINGER SNAPS—Regular 25c value. Special for Saturday, lb. CANNED PICKLES—Try then in sweet, sour and dill, all size cans, No. 1 cans 25c. No. 3 cans 35c. KIDDIE'S CARS—In five sizes. Prices $3.25 to $3.25. VELOCIPEDES—In all sizes, with steel and rubber tires. Sunbrite Cleaner 4 cans for, Small Gold Dust—4 lb. $1.25. 24c. ZtI# pkgs. for Yellow Laundry Soap—10 bars—48c. LEMONS—While they last, doz. Uniformity Uniformity is the secret of success of any good product. It's the reason Willard Batteries with Threaded Rubber Insulation are making such a wonderful record of long life without repairs. Ordinary materials used for insulation between battery plates are taken just as they come from nature and can't be made uniform by any process. But Threaded Rubber Insulation is built up by a scientific manufacture. Every piece of it is like every other and almost invariably Threaded Rubber last as long as battery plates. No wonder many of these batteries have given three and four years of uninterrupted good service. Drop in and get the whole story. E. E. BORSETH, Cresco, Iowa. You Can Save Money I'll try Tea-A-Tee-I Aft Special, half lb No. 3 cans Tomatoes, regular 25c value, No. 2 cans Peas— 2 cans for Gold Band Pie Plates and Gold Band Sauce Dishes, each 6-qt gray enamel Kettle, special On the following items at the Flour and Feed Store of F. A. Glass, 221, S. Elm St.: Timothy seed and red clover seed, complete assortment of nice fresh garden and flower seeds, lawn grass seeds, highest grades of flour, graham, whole wheat, rye flour, corn meal, all kinds of mill feed, scratch feed, chick feed, cracked corn, oyster shells, grit, oil meal, meat meal, tankage, meat scrap, alfalfa meal, Shoemaker feed, all lands of, poultry tonics and remedies, including hog tone, horse tone and scour compound, Blatchford & Dickinson's egg mash and Blatchford's calf and pig meal. Small cans Milk, 3 for 25c Good size Oranges 60c doz. Flowers! For Decoration Day At McDermott's Ice Cream Parlor. Will Rice left Wednesday for California. Herbert Evans was down from Bonair Tuesday. Mike Mikesh was up from Provinci last Friday. Rosaries for graduation gifts. At R. J. Baldwin's. Dining room girl wanted at the Strother hotel. For Sale—Geraniums and foliages at McDonough's. Globe Pipeless Furnace—Read about it in this issue. Used cars for sale. Prices right. Ahern Bros. Garage. John McCook left Monday morning on a business trip to St. Paul. DeWitt Webster returned Friday from a trip to northern Minnesota. D. E. Horton and wife autoed down from Lime Springs on Wednesday. N. A. Blackburn, Lawyer, office over Field's furniture store. Phone 455. Ivory for graduation gifts. At R. J. Baldwin's. For Sale—Some BOWS with pigs. Phone Rumsey 1. tf Frank R. Burr Ice cold milk, sweet and fresh, at Harlan's house and Zander's market. W. A. Stockman returned Saturday from a trip to Austin and Minneapolis. Mrs. R. W. Haas, of Eldora, is visiting at the home of her father, Dr. Kease). Miss Katherine Marshall returned Sunday evening to her hospital work in Chicago. Edwin Church left Friday for a few days' visit with his son Harlan in Minneapolis. Get your order in early for plants and cut flowers for Memorial day at McDermott's. Rev. J. A. Pettit left yesterday for Omaha, Wis., where he will preach on Sunday next. Lost—Top cover to a Ford near the passenger depot. Finder please leave at this office. Lost—Shell rim spectacles in black leather case. Finder will please leave at this office. Mrs. A. L. Wagy left Wednesday morning for a visit with friends at Rochester, Minn. Ladies' purses, bags and miscellaneous roll at special prices for graduation gifts at R. J. Baldwin's. Very special rates to those who enroll June 7th. Write Eklund's Business College. Waterloo. 41-2t Timothy and Clover hay in barn. Enquire of Fred Maraball east of Cresco, or at McHugh & Lusson. 40-2tp Orders taken and given prompt attention for blooming plants, folis, etc. and vines at McDeruott's. Start your business course in our new 130,000 home. Write Eklund's Business College, Waterloo. Miss Julia Byrnes returned yesterday to Minneapolis after a visit with Cresco relatives and friends. Summer School starts June 7th in our 130,000 home. Write Eklund's Business College, Waterloo. Mrs. Jack Betts, who has been a patient at Mercy hospital, returned Monday to her home at Decorah. Belt Buckles, chains, combs and cigarette cases for graduation at R. J. Baldwin's. Very special prices. Mrs. Roxie Gould and her little son of Elgin, Ill., are guests at the home of her sister, Mrs. W. J. Webster. Buy your Graduation and Wedding Gifts at Swenson's Jewelry Store and Gift Shop and save money. 39-3t The W. R. C. ladies will meet at the hall Friday, May 28th at 2 o'clock to make wreaths for Decoration Day. FOR SALE—Six choice Shorthorn-Durham bulls, 8 to 10 months old. 37tf J. B. BARTHELME. Pasturing for horses and seed corn for sale, testing 95 to 98. J. C. Nichols. Special prices to the graduates on standard sizes and wrist watches. W. O. Swenson, the Jeweler. 39-3t Cliff Miller and wife, came up from Maquoketa, Iowa, the first of the week for a visit at the home of his brother Will. This office acknowledges a pleasant call from Matt McCook, of Riceville, who was in town on business the first of the week. The very latest designs and most substantial, practical fads in watches and jewelry, specially priced. W. O. Swenson Jewelry and Gift Shop. 39-3t F. B. Lomas and wife returned Tuesday from Mason City where Mr. Lease attended a gathering of the Hardware Dealers Association of the state. Men's set and signet rings for graduation. Special prices. R. J. Baldwin. WANTED—Horses and cattle to pasture. Good shade and water. 40t2-p ED and FRED GERBER. The W. R. C. Friendly will meet with Mrs. J. J. McGinnis Wednesday June 2nd. A good attendance is desired. Bead neck chains, black, amethyst, pearl, jade and many other colors, for graduation. Special prices at K, J. Baldwin's. A choice selected line of the latest commencement Record Books, daintily bound. W.O. Swenson, Jeweler and Gift Shop. 39-3t A choice selected line of exquisite and dainty Bordeaux Electric Lamps will be found at W.O. Swenson's Jewelry Store and Gift Shop. 39-3t A beautiful and well selected line of the latest designs in Clocks, all sizes and makes, especially priced. W.O. Swenson's Jewelry Store. 39-3t H.O. Brooks and Frank White left Tuesday for Prairie du Chien, Wis., to attend the annual sale of unclaimed freight and express matter. Miss Florence Perry arrived Wednesday from Iowa City to spend a few weeks' vacation from her duties there as a nurse in Mercy hospital. New Oregon Cemetery Association meets with Mrs. Alice Beach Wednesday, June 2, 2:30 p.m. Glad to see all those interested.—Secretary. The most perfect of all remembrances — the Bride's Photograph. We make only the best. 40t4 BLOQUIST SAYRE STUDIO. A wonderful display of fine pearl neck strings "La Tosca" and other fine makes, especially priced. W.O. Swenson Jewelry and Gift Shop. 39-3t Soutor chains and lockets, pendants, lavishers and a large assortment of jewelry of different designs for graduation. Special prices at R.J. Baldwin's. L.C. Smith, auto over to Mason City on Wednesday and was accompanied home the following day by Algie Hall and wife, who intended to Make but a short visit in Cresco. Globe Pipeless Furnaces—See Peterson Bros.' advertisement of them in this issue. They sold a large number of them last year and offer special prices for early instalment. A most beautiful and exclusive line of those dainty Sterling silver hand-painted brooches, all styles and sizes especially priced. W. O. Swenson, Jeweler Gift Shop. 39-St Miss Leila Thornton, who has been teaching near Poatville, visited this week at the home of her aunt, Mrs. P. M. Banning, leaving yesterday for her home at Farmington, Minn. TAKEN UP—A red sow with black spots came to my place about May 1st. Owner will please call and identify the animal and pay charges. 40t3 OVE NELSON, Rt. 2, Cresco. You are cordially invited to come and see me when in need of dental work. New parlors over P. A. Clemmer's drug store. 54tf J. J. CLEMMER, Dentist John Hyke, accompanied by his daughters Anna G. and Regina, and son Vincent, autoed over from Fort Atkinson Tuesday. Mr. Hyke made a pleasant call at this office while in town. WANTED—Men for packing house. 53c per hour. Time and a half for overtime. Pay every week. Board in private families, boarding houses or cafe. GEO. A. HORMEL & CO., Austin, Minnesota. 40tf Our lines of Sterling Silver and Silver Plated Tableware are always complete, latest designs, prices as reasonable as the present market will, permit. W. O. Swenson, Jeweler and Gift Shop. 39-St Mr. and Mrs. D. A. Lyons arrived Tuesday evening from California. Visiting en route at Portland, Oregon, Miles City, Mont., and Minot, N.D. They are both much improved in health as the result of their trip. On Monday last, L. A. Palmer, accompanied by his father, Roe Brown and Fred Burr, autoed to Rochester, Minn., where he entered a sanitarium to take treatment for a dropsical affection. While he is in a serious condition, the physicians give him much encouragement. Gifts of photographs to the graduate and confirmate are the most lasting and appreciated in time to come. Don't neglect it. Come at once, while flowers and gowns are fresh. Do not neglect to have photographs of children at all ages. They are always interesting. 40t4 BLOHQUTST SAYRE STUDIO. Express shipments of pet stock from Cresco are getting to be rather a common affair. On Monday, J. J. Clemmer, A Son shipped four New Zealand rabbits to Norfolk, Virginia, and the same train carried an express ship of goats pigs from H. E. Beatlinger consigned to Philadelphia where they are used for laboratory work. Rev. and Mrs. Nye returned yesterday from Des Moines, reporting the great Methodist conference as very interesting. Haswell Rucker is taking a vacation from his duties as city mail carrier and left Sunday by auto for Primghar, la., to visit relatives. New potatoes are now on the market and the high prices being asked by those who have old potatoes for sale are likely to take a tumble. It will pay you to inspect our fine, choice, selected lines of beautiful, appropriate and useful gifts before making your selections. Exclusive merchandise, especially priced, W. O. Swenson Jewelry and Gift Shop. 39-3t Stewart Clink, who is now at work with the various Boys and Girls Clubs in Winneshiek county, under their county agricultural agent, returned Friday to Decorah after a visit with home folks near Kendallville. Dr. J. J. Ahern arrived in Cresco on Tuesday morning from Chicago for A short visit with Cresco friends and to accompany his wife and children, who have been visiting at the Lee home, back to their home at Oldham, S. D. A, B. Hanger, chief clerk, came up from Dubuque last Friday to give the three post office clerks. Miss O'Brien, Paul Daugherty and Elmer Fye, their annual R. M. S. case examination which all successfully passed with ratings from 96 to 99 percent. I Have for Sale — Siberian Proso that yields from 40 to 50 bu. per acre, can be seeded to July 1st, pure seed and large stock of evergreens, 3 to 4 feet, at $20.00 per hundred, 3 miles east of Provin, P. O., Calmsr Rt, 2. JOHN J. WALENTA. Estrayed A black yearling steer calf estrayed from my place on Monday, May 10th. Reward for information leading to its recovery. Phone North Provin 20. Joseph F. Sobolik. SCHERTHI ENGINEERING AN ELECTRICAL WORK ROOM Delco-Light enables you to have an electrically equipped work-room by furnishing complete electric service. Bright electric lights for working in one evening after chores. Electric power for operating lathes, drills, grinders and sharpeners. Write for Catalog McHugh & Lusson Other Late Springs. Thirty-eight years ago last Tuesday on May 11, 1882, Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Mead were married at Cresco, la. On the afternoon of that day, the bride and groom drove four miles in the country to get a girl friend who was to act. As bridesmaid in the evening, in making the trip, we broke a buggy spring while driving through a large bank of soft snow. Little corn was planted in Iowa that year before the first of June. — Geneva (Ill.) Republican. Jacklarks Rub em Tub em Scrub cm €[key OME in and introduce your eyes to a most exquisite display of Jack Tar Togs—and. introduce your pocketbooks to a genuine saving. There are Jack Tar Middies, and Dresses, of all styles and sizes—charming and beautiful, washable and durable—for all ages from $10 to $50. Come in and see them, these wonderful garments—you'll love them at first sight. C. D. Nichols & Son Cresco, Iowa S I7Y.U.SASV come up smiling Label of Honor For Fresh-Satisfies-Cakes For Sale by ACNE GROCERY CO., Cresco, Iowa Xj. IE. EATON" Real Estate, Rentals, Insurance IOWA, MINNESOTA, EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA and EASTERN KANSAS LANDS Office under the Post Office, Cresco, Iowa. | 14,289 |
https://github.com/jxt1234/Renascence/blob/master/include/lowlevelAPI/GPParallelType.h | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,016 | Renascence | jxt1234 | C++ | Code | 176 | 461 | /******************************************************************
Copyright 2016, Jiang Xiao-tang
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
******************************************************************/
#ifndef USER_GPPARALLELTYPE_H
#define USER_GPPARALLELTYPE_H
#include "GPContents.h"
#include "IGPFunction.h"
/*Create By Renascence, Used by low level lib*/
struct GPParallelType
{
typedef std::vector<std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>> KEYS;
/*For GPFunction Reconstruct*/
struct FuncInfo
{
std::string formula;
std::string parameter;
/*x0: 0,0 y1: 1,1 and so on*/
KEYS variableKey;
std::vector<const IStatusType*> inputs;
};
FuncInfo sFuncInfo;
/*For Condition Reconstruct*/
struct FormulaInfo
{
std::string sConditionFormula;
};
FormulaInfo sConditionInfo;
/*All Input Key Variable*/
std::string sVariableInfo;
//a0: 0,0 b2: 1,2 d2: 3,2 and so on
KEYS mOutputKey;
const IGPFunctionContext* pContext;
GPParallelType()
{
pContext = NULL;
}
~GPParallelType()
{
}
};
#endif
| 18,542 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8353165 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Category:Central African Republic–Republic of the Congo border crossings | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 35 | 55 | Category:Central African Republic–Republic of the Congo border crossings
Wikimedia category
Category:Central African Republic–Republic of the Congo border crossings instance of Wikimedia category
Category:Central African Republic–Republic of the Congo border crossings category combines topics border checkpoint | 49,326 |
https://github.com/draqwerty/laravel/blob/master/resources/views/pages/wdlive.blade.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | laravel | draqwerty | PHP | Code | 99 | 612 | @extends('layouts.live')
@section('content')
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://gitcdn.xyz/cdn/Yerren/FreshWDL/master/InnerContent.js"></script>
<div id="loadingScreen">
<div id="loadingText">
<p id="titleText">Live data for IMELBO2077</p>
<p id="loadingMessage">Collecting Data.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- First script that must be loaded -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://gitcdn.xyz/cdn/Yerren/FreshWDL/master/js_bundles/Loading.js"></script>
<!-- Include remiaing Scripts -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="/config.js"></script> <!--Includes the local script that sets customisable variables-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://code.createjs.com/easeljs-0.8.2.min.js"></script> <!--Includes the drawing part of CreateJS: EaselJS-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://code.createjs.com/tweenjs-0.6.2.min.js"></script> <!--Includes the animation part of CreateJS: TweenJS-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/opentip/2.4.6/downloads/opentip-native.js"></script> <!--Includes the tooltip library: OpenTip-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://gitcdn.xyz/cdn/Yerren/FreshWDL/master/js_bundles/moment-with-locales.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Chart.js/2.7.1/Chart.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://gitcdn.xyz/cdn/Yerren/FreshWDL/master/js_bundles/Globals.js"></script> <!--Includes the script that sets global variables-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://gitcdn.xyz/cdn/Yerren/FreshWDL/master/js_bundles/WidgetsHandlers.min.js"></script> <!--Includes most of the Scripting-->
@endsection
| 45,696 |
https://github.com/1whatleytay/kara/blob/master/src/cli/src/config.cpp | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | kara | 1whatleytay | C++ | Code | 697 | 2,354 | #include <cli/config.h>
#include <yaml-cpp/yaml.h>
#include <fmt/printf.h>
#include <fstream>
namespace kara::cli {
std::set<std::string> getStringSet(const YAML::Node &node) {
auto values = node.as<std::vector<std::string>>();
return { values.begin(), values.end() };
}
std::string TargetConfig::resolveName() const {
if (!name.empty())
return name;
if (root.has_stem())
return root.stem();
throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format("Could not resolve target name for {}.", root.string()));
}
void TargetConfig::resolveConfigs(std::unordered_map<std::string, const TargetConfig *> &values) const {
auto evaluatedName = resolveName();
if (!values.insert({ evaluatedName, this }).second)
throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format("Multiple configs found with name {}.", evaluatedName));
for (const auto &config : configs)
config.resolveConfigs(values);
}
std::unordered_map<std::string, const TargetConfig *> TargetConfig::resolveConfigs() const {
std::unordered_map<std::string, const TargetConfig *> result;
resolveConfigs(result);
return result;
}
std::string TargetConfig::serialize() const {
YAML::Emitter emitterBase;
emitterBase << YAML::BeginMap;
auto typeName = [this]() {
switch (type) {
case TargetType::Library: return "library";
case TargetType::Executable: return "executable";
case TargetType::Interface: return "interface";
}
};
bool blockEmpty = true;
auto block = [&blockEmpty, &emitterBase]() {
if (!blockEmpty) {
emitterBase << YAML::Newline << YAML::Newline;
blockEmpty = true;
}
};
auto emitter = [&blockEmpty, &emitterBase]() -> YAML::Emitter & {
blockEmpty = false;
return emitterBase;
};
emitter() << YAML::Key << "type" << YAML::Value << typeName();
block();
if (!name.empty())
emitter() << YAML::Key << "name" << YAML::Value << name;
block();
if (!files.empty()) {
emitter() << YAML::Key << "files";
emitter() << YAML::Value << std::vector<std::string>(files.begin(), files.end()); // copy
}
block();
if (outputDirectory != "build") // default, this is awful...
emitter() << YAML::Key << "output-directory" << YAML::Value << outputDirectory;
if (packagesDirectory != "build") // default, this is awful...
emitter() << YAML::Key << "packages-directory" << YAML::Value << packagesDirectory;
block();
if (!import.empty()) {
emitter() << YAML::Key << "import";
emitter() << YAML::Value << std::vector<std::string>(import.begin(), import.end()); // copy
}
block();
if (!includes.empty())
emitter() << YAML::Key << "includes" << YAML::Value << includes;
block();
if (!includeArguments.empty())
emitter() << YAML::Key << "include-arguments" << YAML::Value << includeArguments;
block();
if (!libraries.empty())
emitter() << YAML::Key << "libraries" << YAML::Value << libraries;
block();
if (!dynamicLibraries.empty())
emitter() << YAML::Key << "dynamic-libraries" << YAML::Value << dynamicLibraries;
block();
if (!linkerOptions.empty())
emitter() << YAML::Key << "linker-options" << YAML::Value << linkerOptions;
block();
if (!packages.empty()) {
emitter() << YAML::Key << "packages";
emitter() << YAML::BeginMap;
for (const auto &pair : packages) {
emitter() << YAML::Key << pair.first;
emitter() << YAML::Value << YAML::Flow << pair.second;
}
emitter() << YAML::EndMap;
}
block();
bool changed = false;
YAML::Node options;
auto pushOptions = [&options, &changed](const std::string &key, const auto &value) {
changed = true;
options[key] = value;
};
if (!defaultOptions.triple.empty())
pushOptions("triple", defaultOptions.triple);
if (defaultOptions.malloc != "malloc")
pushOptions("malloc", defaultOptions.malloc);
if (defaultOptions.free != "free")
pushOptions("free", defaultOptions.free);
if (defaultOptions.realloc != "realloc")
pushOptions("realloc", defaultOptions.realloc);
if (defaultOptions.mutableGlobals)
pushOptions("mutable-globals", defaultOptions.mutableGlobals);
if (changed)
emitter() << YAML::Key << "options" << YAML::Value << options;
block();
emitterBase << YAML::EndMap;
return emitterBase.c_str();
}
TargetConfig::TargetConfig(fs::path root, const YAML::Node &node) : root(std::move(root)) {
if (auto value = node["type"]) {
std::unordered_map<std::string, TargetType> targetMap = {
{ "library", TargetType::Library },
{ "executable", TargetType::Executable },
{ "interface", TargetType::Interface },
};
auto it = targetMap.find(value.as<std::string>());
if (it == targetMap.end())
fmt::print("Warning: unknown target type {}.", value.as<std::string>());
else
type = it->second;
}
if (auto value = node["name"])
name = value.as<std::string>();
if (auto value = node["files"])
files = getStringSet(value);
if (auto value = node["output-directory"])
outputDirectory = value.as<std::string>();
if (auto value = node["packages-directory"])
packagesDirectory = value.as<std::string>();
if (auto value = node["import"])
import = getStringSet(value);
if (auto value = node["includes"])
includes = value.as<std::vector<std::string>>();
if (auto value = node["include-arguments"])
includeArguments = value.as<std::vector<std::string>>();
if (auto value = node["libraries"])
libraries = value.as<std::vector<std::string>>();
if (auto value = node["dynamic-libraries"])
dynamicLibraries = value.as<std::vector<std::string>>();
if (auto value = node["linker-options"])
linkerOptions = value.as<std::vector<std::string>>();
if (auto value = node["packages"]) {
for (const auto &pair : value) {
auto path = pair.first.as<std::string>();
auto toImport = pair.second.as<std::vector<std::string>>();
packages[path] = toImport;
}
}
if (auto value = node["options"]) {
if (auto v = value["triple"])
defaultOptions.triple = v.as<std::string>();
if (auto v = value["malloc"])
defaultOptions.malloc = v.as<std::string>();
if (auto v = value["free"])
defaultOptions.free = v.as<std::string>();
if (auto v = value["realloc"])
defaultOptions.realloc = v.as<std::string>();
if (auto v = value["mutable-globals"])
defaultOptions.mutableGlobals = v.as<bool>();
}
for (const auto &part : import) {
auto path = fs::path(part);
auto newPath = path.is_absolute() ? path : this->root.parent_path() / path;
configs.push_back(TargetConfig::loadFromThrows(newPath.string()));
}
}
std::optional<TargetConfig> TargetConfig::loadFrom(const std::string &path) {
std::ifstream stream(path);
if (!stream.is_open())
return std::nullopt;
return TargetConfig(fs::path(path), YAML::Load(stream));
}
TargetConfig TargetConfig::loadFromThrows(const std::string &path) {
auto config = loadFrom(path);
if (!config) {
auto absolute = fs::absolute(fs::path(path)).string();
throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format("Cannot find config file at {}.", absolute));
}
return *config;
}
}
| 32,479 |
US-201615048203-A_2 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,016 | None | None | English | Spoken | 6,680 | 8,408 | It is noted that, as used by the intelligent processor module 108, memory areas will be addressed by way of area descriptors, which have virtual addresses and lengths managed by the underlying native architecture. Accordingly, an address width of 64 bits and segment offset of 64 bits can be used to identify and address a memory space of an underlying processor, without using the virtual addresses of that underlying memory space, because those virtual addresses are not exposed to the hosted operating system 106 or workloads executed on the intelligent processor module 108. Only area descriptors and offsets within such area descriptors are known to the intelligent processor module 108. As such, the intelligent processor module 108 can use a reference to specific data, which will include the area descriptor and offset to reference a specific memory location as well as the associated tag for that memory location.
In example embodiments, the intelligent processor module 108 can generate a reference that points to a specific byte address within an area, based on the area descriptor token and an offset from that token. The reference includes a tag control byte that specifies the tag which is applied to the target, particularly in instances where the tag applied is stored in a location different from the data in the memory area. Use of the tag control byte describes the shape of the data pointed to by the reference, for example describing the type of data pointed to by the reference. The tag control byte can be included in a reference as a subset of bits within a 64 bit word alongside the area descriptor token, with the area descriptor token taking 56 bits and the tag control byte residing in the remaining 8 bits. A corresponding 64 bit offset completes the reference.
In various embodiments, tag control bytes can take a variety of values, depending on whether the tag is associated with each memory location, or whether associated with a UniTag configuration. In some embodiments, a UniTag value cannot be equal to or less than F (15), as those tag values are reserved for backwards compatibility with E-mode (which requires each memory location to be tagged). A tag can handle any possible tag value, but because tag values 0x0 through 0xF are a backwards compatible format which are all of the same shape, and are found only in tagged areas, the values from 0x0 to 0xF for additional meanings, as reflected in the reference tag control table below:
Value Meaning 0 Void: Address reference only 1 Tagged Format 2-15 Reserved for Expansion UniTag UniTag value to apply to target
In addition, although disclosed herein as having tags of one byte in length, it is recognized that tag width is not limited to or tied to a byte length, but rather could be arranged in various sizes. Furthermore, tags can simply be referenced in an incrementing manner (e.g., tag, tag+1, etc.). This is because tags can be instantiated in a variety of data lengths (e.g., byte, word, dword, qword) and tag pointers can be incremented by one to advance in memory by an amount corresponding to the data length of the instantiated tag. Accordingly, tags can simply be arranged to be of a constant size corresponding to a size of a predetermined data type, and such varying tag sizes are treated equally within the system as disclosed.
In connection with this memory tagging scheme, a reference with a tag control value of void would be a pure address pointer, with no width, but pointing to a specific offset within an area descriptor. Such a void tag can be created, but not dereferenced to read or write data, as it does not specify a shape (e.g., length) for the data to be read or written, as a security feature. Void references may be later cast to a reference with a format (i.e., having a different tag value) and dereferenced.
It is noted that a common problem in existing computing systems is the lack of protection on pointers. However, using the tagging scheme discussed above, all references must be created after the memory locations which they reference. This eliminates reference counting, and provides protection with very low overhead. Assuming AD numbers are never reused, if a reference is retained after the AD to which it refers is deleted, any attempt to dereference it will result in an error, as the referenced AD is no longer active and an interrupt will be generated.
Referring now to FIG. 6, an arrangement 600 for addressing an area of memory using cloned area descriptors is disclosed, according to an example embodiment. The arrangement illustrates an original area descriptor 602 created at virtual address 0x123456789AB with a length of 0x8000 bytes, as a UniTag area of 64-bit unsigned integer entities. A reference is created based off of this area descriptor token, having an offset of 0x2001 bytes from the base of the area descriptor, and a tag control byte indicating a type of 64-bits unsigned.
In the example shown, the area descriptor 602 is cloned, creating a cloned area descriptor 604. This cloned area descriptor 604 indicates a length of 0x100 bytes with an unsigned integer UniTag. The virtual address of the cloned area descriptor 604 starts 0x2000 bytes into the segment of the memory area 608 associated with the area descriptor 602. This clone points to a subset of the area owned by the area descriptor 602. A reference 606 can be created, that can, for example, point to a location with an offset of 0 and a width of 16 bits from the start of cloned area descriptor 604. Accordingly, it can be seen that areas can easily be subdivided and referenced according to different widths, even when UniTag items are used.
Of course, in cases where traditional E-mode/MCP memory tags are used, such subdivision should be performed with consideration that tags are also included in the upper bits of each data word in memory, as well as in separate tagged areas as noted herein. Furthermore, for data integrity and security reasons, UniTag memory areas will not be subdivided or referenced using tagged memory addressing, and tagged memory will similarly not be addressed by a UniTag addressing scheme. It is noted that operators exist that can move data items from memory areas having a UniTag scheme into areas having a tagged scheme. In such arrangements the type and value of the item may remain the same, but the number of bytes used to contain the item may be different, due at least in part to the additional requirement of additional tag memory. However, movement of data items from tagged memory areas into UniTag memory areas is avoided to prevent casual capturing of tagged data in a UniTag area, which could compromise system security.
FIG. 7 illustrates an arrangement 700 addressing an area of memory using area descriptors associated with a memory having a single tag assigned thereto, according to an example embodiment. In this example, a multidimensional array is illustrated, in which a next row is located immediately adjacent to a preceding row. For example, a table structure instantiated as “int table[2][3]” in C code describes an integer array with 2 elements in the first dimension and 3 elements in the second dimension. Such a structure corresponds to a two dimensional array, but in actuality represents a one dimensional array each of whose elements is an array. Elements are stored by rows, so the rightmost subscript, or column, varies fastest as elements are accessed in storage order. The storage order would appear as: table [0][0], [0][1], [0][2], [1][0], [1][1], [1][2]. This can be handled easily in the architecture discussed herein. A single area descriptor 702 is allocated with a UniTag specifying Int32 (32 bit signed integers) with a length of 6 entries*4 bytes/entry=24 Bytes. The offsets into the AD for each element is shown in the memory area 704. Accordingly, the C language is satisfied as the basic assumption regarding storage ordering is satisfied.
Referring now to FIGS. 8-9, arrangements in which code can be stored according to the tagged memory architecture of the present disclosure are described, which do not rely on ordered, contiguous array structures for multidimensional array memory structures. Initially, and as seen in FIG. 8, an arrangement 800 illustrating such a storage format (e.g., as is available in ALGOL-based storage formats, or other analogous non-C/C++ formats) in traditional E-mode code is shown. In this arrangement, multi-dimensional arrays 806 are stored in separate array rows 806 a-b each with a separate area descriptor 808 a-b. Such arrays are not contiguous in address space. Furthermore, languages like ALGOL do not require that all the array rows be identically sized:
In traditional E-mode, a page table 802 (a.k.a. dope vector) would be associated with the array. An array base descriptor 804 points to a page 805 with a descriptor for each page. In this case, a descriptor for row 0, and a descriptor for row 1.
In the format as shown, each row is protected from buffer overrun. For example, row 0 and row 1 each have set bounds defined in each associated area descriptor; any attempt to index beyond those bounds results in an interrupt being generated. In the C format, both rows are contained in a single area. The entire array has a set bounds, but the individual rows do not.
Referring to FIG. 9, an arrangement 900 illustrating multidimensional array storage according to the current architecture implemented in the intelligent processor module 108 is described. In this example arrangement 900, a contiguous array equivalent of the C array is shown. In this arrangement, a programmer may have the option between setting secured and unsecured structures, in which buffer overrun may be protected or not, based on programmer choice. If the programmer wants the added protection the architecture described herein can ensure that the programmer does not index a multi-dimensional array improperly, so the programmer could set a secure compile option. This would put each row in a separate area descriptor, and bounds checking would occur (e.g., via the structure of FIG. 8). In this arrangement, any attempt at dereferencing a pointer which went beyond the end of a row would generate an interrupt.
As is shown in the arrangement 900 of FIG. 9, an original area descriptor 902 represents the entire array, and is subdivided into two rows via the use of clone area descriptors 904 a-b to access memory 906. The compiler could just as easily chosen to make two original area descriptors, one for row 0 and one for row 1. That would occupy one less area descriptor overall, but in that instance the code would have to “page switch” between the pages. Here, any page switching is handled entirely by the software, not the underlying architecture. E-mode page tables and pages are interlinked in a very rigid way, and the E-mode operators include features used to walk the structures to move across pages during their execution. By way of contrast, in the present architecture if paging is required, it is up to the software to provide whatever mechanisms are appropriate; the operator set only knows about area descriptors, which have a base and a length.
It is noted that although some types of code structures are scoped (i.e., limits-bound), this is the exception rather than the rule in current operating environments and current code structures (e.g., as implemented in C/C++). For example, concepts such as lexicographical levels tend not to exist, with all procedures created and handled equally. Such arrangements require consistency with legacy and mainframe systems which may have such lexicographical levels, and which may have size limits as to activation records due to bit limit sizes. Accordingly, in aspects of the present disclosure, although the intelligent processor module 108 will maintain a stack, the stack will be a word wide (64 bits) and include an accompanying tag byte. The stack will be associated with an area descriptor having a base virtual address and a length. Lexicographical levels can be maintained on the stack by way of cloned area descriptors, such as were described above. Because an area descriptor can be cloned and a subset of the original area descriptor referenced in the newly cloned area descriptor, the cloned area descriptor can represent an expanse of an activation record.
In addition, the intelligent processor module 108 can be configured to allocate a buffer, store data in the buffer, and pass that buffer to the hosted operating system 106 as a parameter for an interrupt. The hosted operating system 106 then would have the responsibility to free the area descriptor when it completes use of the interrupt data.
In addition to memory operations, the intelligent processor module 108 can manage I/O operations using similar abstractions, by referencing an external data module implemented as an I/O processor (IOP). Such an IOP would have access to the virtualized memory for purposes of data access as well as access to I/O control blocks (IOCBs) that describe what each I/O operation is to do. The IOP also has access to the initiation and result queues associated with I/O operations. Referring now to FIG. 10, an arrangement 1000 is illustrated in which I/O operations and an I/O processor (IOP) 1002 are managed using area descriptors, according to an example embodiment. In the example shown, the area descriptor collection 202 includes a token 203 that references an area descriptor analogous to those described above. That area descriptor can reference a specific set of tags 1004 that are associated with a known area descriptor segment 1005 in memory that stores I/O structures, including IOP queues 1006, IOCBs 1008, and I/O data buffers 1010.
In the embodiment shown, the entirety of the memory allocated to the process hosting the intelligent processor module 108 is not completely shared with an IOP associated with that module. Rather, the known area descriptor segment 1005 within the area descriptor collection 202 can be created, and used by the intelligent processor module 108 by sharing that segment with the IOP 1002. This area descriptor segment 1005 can contain data structures and I/O buffers that are used by the intelligent processor module 108, and communicated to the IOP 1002, to which that intelligent processor module 108 is associated. In such an embodiment, the IOP 1002 would be able to access this area descriptor segment 1005. This would allow the intelligent processor module 108 to build I/O operations, and the IOP 1002 could access such I/O operations.
In such an embodiment, the intelligent processor module 108 can be configured to enqueuer IOCBs into initiation queues and dequeuer completed IOCBs from result queues. Similarly, the IOP 1002 can dequeuer IOCBs from the initiation queue and enqueuer IOCBs into a result queue upon completion.
Of course, as with other memory areas allocated to the intelligent processor module 108, this known area descriptor segment could be deallocated, and a different area descriptor segment could be allocated. Accordingly, the segment could change each time it is allocated, with the different segment identity communicated to the IOP 1002.
It is noted that in embodiments of the present disclosure implemented on distributed commodity architectures, the IOP(s) 1002 may run on separate servers and interconnect with the servers which are running the intelligent processor module 108, for example via InfiniBand. Through the use of RDMA, in some such embodiments an IOP 1002 is able to directly read and write from an entire span of memory allocated to such an intelligent processor module 108; however, that span of memory is different from the area descriptor segment 1005 that is directly used to define and share I/O operations between the intelligent processor module 108 and IOP 1002 that are not performed via RDMA.
In additional embodiments, the intelligent processor module 108 can be configured to allocate a further small area of memory, for example in an IO structure 1012, which stores interrupt vectors. The IOP 1002 can turn on an IOP finish interrupt bit, which can be used by the intelligent processor module 108 to generate an IO finish interrupt. Additionally, the intelligent processor module 108 can then generate an IO finish interrupt to the hosted operating system 106 and update its status in this IO structure 1012 so IOPs 1002 can determine a free/busy status of each pending intelligent processor module 108. In arrangements using multiple intelligent processor modules 108, the IOP 1002 can locate an idle intelligent processor module 108, rather than requiring an occupied intelligent processor module 108 update the IO finish interrupt.
In example embodiments, the IOP 1002 and intelligent processor module 108 share status and interrupt information via the shared known area descriptor segment 1005, which can be maintained, but periodically renamed to ensure security. This renaming operation (i.e., referencing the known area descriptor segment 1005 with a different area descriptor) will minimize the chance of malware writing to that area. It is noted that only writes to a changed status word would typically cause disruption of I/O operations. Such a shared known area descriptor segment 1005 can be used in association with another module (e.g., the “other modules” as seen in FIG. 16, below), such as an encryption module, for purposes of data access/processing.
In an alternative embodiment, the hosted operating system 106 would determine whether an area of memory allocated to the intelligent processor module 108 should be shared with an external entity, such as the IOP 1002 (or other software, such as an external cryptographic processor). In such an embodiment, the hosted operating system 106 would allocate a memory area and associated area descriptor, and store in that memory area any information desired to be shared. A share memory attach (SHMA) operator would then be used, supplying the area descriptor token as an argument, as well as the type of access needed (read, write, read/write, etc.). The intelligent processor module 108 would then share the memory with a specific name and access rights. This could occur by the intelligent processor module 108 or hosted operating system 106 supplying a name, either as part of the data or as an argument included in a message to a remote system. Such an arrangement requires agreement between the hosted operating system 106 and the external entity (e.g., the IOP 1002), and allows for easier updates and changes. Once shared, the name is communicated to the external entity, which then maps to the shared area and gains access to the area.
With respect to specific interaction between the intelligent processor module 108 and IOP 1002, data buffers can be used such that I/O data buffers 1010 are of UniTag type, eliminating tag manipulation typically required by I/O operations. Accordingly, user data would not be visible outside of the environment of hosted operating system 106, except during the time the I/O is active. This improves security of memory access as compared to existing mainframe (e.g., MCP-based) systems.
Referring now to FIG. 11, a further arrangement 1100 is illustrated in which an area descriptor collection 1102 is provided that mixes use of area descriptors for data storage and I/O operations, according to an example embodiment. The area descriptor collection includes tokens referencing non-IOCB area descriptors 1104 which reference data segments 1106 (as shown, either tagged or UniTag), as well as IOCB area descriptors 1108 that reference data buffers 1110 accessible via the IOP 1002.
In the arrangement 1100 shown, when an operating system 106 executes a share memory attach (SHMA) operator, the intelligent processor module 108 will share the buffer and inform IOP 1002 of the name of the buffer. Because the IOCB contains references in this case, a memory area will typically not be of a UniTag type. The IOP 1002 will map to the area and activate the IOCB 1008.
In this embodiment, the act of sharing the area descriptor will act as I/O initiation, and therefore an I/O initiation queue is no longer required. Similarly, the IOP 1002 would, upon completion of the I/O, unmap the associated area descriptor, such that the memory is no longer shared with the IOP 1002. The hosted operating system 106 would then perform a Shared Memory Detach (SHMD) operator to free that memory associated with the IOCB and data buffer. This could be performed, for example, by the IOP 1002 queueing an indication of the IOCB that is completed to the intelligent processor module 108, which then would deliver an interrupt to the hosted operating system 106 providing the token associated with the completed IOCB. The hosted operating system 106 could then perform the Shared Memory Detach (SHMD) operator.
In such embodiments, the hosted operating system 106 will optionally include a result queue, although such a queue is not inherently required by the intelligent processor module 108. If a result queue is used, the hosted operating system 106 will enqueue the area descriptor token for use in finishing the I/O processing. This allows the I/O buffers to be visible external to the intelligent processor module 108 only for a brief period of time before being deallocated. As with memory areas, I/O buffers could be overwritten/zeroed during deallocation.
In alternative embodiments, I/O operation handling can be managed differently. For example, in one alternative embodiment for handling I/O operations, the IOP 1002 can generate an I/O event and store that event token in the IOCB 1008 in association with a completed I/O operation. In a still further embodiment, the input and output buffers and IOCBs can be replicated from a host on which the intelligent processor module 108 is located to a host on which the IOP 1002 resides, a need for sharing and unsharing of operators is removed. Rather, in such embodiments, the data is replicated in the appropriate direction for the corresponding buffer.
In still further embodiments, and to avoid data storage block size mismatches and other data mismatches between the intelligent processor module 108 and IOP 1002 that interfaces with the storage system of the underlying commodity platform 102, the IOP 1002 can be configured to return status information to the intelligent processor module 108, such as completed without error, completed with correctable error, completed with error. In cases of error, the IOP 1002 could further log some data associated with the I/O operation to allow for management of errors. By way of simplifying the data passed back to the intelligent processor module 108, there may he shortened timeframes for integration of new types of I/O devices, since such I/O devices only need to be integrated with the IOP, and no additional integration is required for use with the hosted operating system 106 or intelligent processor module 108.
As an extension to such embodiments abstracting data I/O from the intelligent processor module 108, in some embodiments the IOP 1002 and corresponding intelligent processor module 108 can treat every resources as a file, analogously to the manner in which Linux manages I/O operations. In such an embodiment, a file is viewed as a stream of bytes, and the IOCB 1008 can define a specific device to which an I/O is directed. This IOCB content can be an identifier of a device, or an identifier of a network address of a device.
In embodiments in which I/O operations are addressed to devices as though they are files, such file access—type I/O operations can be addressed to remote and web-accessible addresses, and IOPs could be located in various partitions throughout a multi-partition fabric. An example of such a multi-partition fabric is discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/001,374 (Attorney Docket No. TN641), entitled “Persistent Guest and Software-Defined Storage in Computing Fabric”, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. In such an arrangement, a local IOP 1002 in a common partition with an intelligent processor module 108 issuing the I/O request, which can then reroute the I/O operation to a remote IOP for processing. That remote IOP would build a result, and make it available to the requesting IOP. The local IOP can then get the data into the local memory as above, and finish the I/O operation. From the perspective of hosted operating system 106 and intelligent processor module 108, the I/O operation appears to be managed by the local IOP.
Referring back to FIG. 1, further details regarding the operating system 106 that is configured to operate on the intelligent processor module 108 are described. In general, the operating system 106 is constructed to allow for updates without system re-initialization. Accordingly, the operating system 106 is configured to support quiescing of interfaces to the intelligent processor module 108, allowing queues to be detached, the intelligent processor module 108 updated, and system operation resumed. Accordingly, rolling updates to various modules, including the intelligent processor module 108 and portions of the operating system 106, are possible.
In addition, the hosted operating system 106 is configured to support native data types widely used in commodity environments, including support for various compiled data written in known languages, such as C, C++, and other languages in widespread use, allowing for exploitation of C library functions to provide services to the hosted operating system 106 that would otherwise not be available in existing mainframe-type systems. Additionally, call-outs to existing native functions may be accessed via such standard languages, and intrinsic operations of native/commodity hardware can be supported as well. For example some commodity processors, such as Ivy Bridge and later processors from Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, Calif., include a random number generator sourced from thermal noise and accessed by a specific operator (RDRAND). Other random number operators (e.g., RDSEED) are available as well, and can be exposed by direct access via the operating system 106. In some embodiments of the hosted operating system 106, a runtime library, such as the .NET Common Language Runtime, may be incorporated and exposed directly within the hosted environment of the hosted operating system 106. In this way, such features are available within an environment that is compatible with legacy mainframe systems, for example via call-out or native support.
In addition to the above, the hosted operating system 106 can be configured to support an arbitrary number of intelligent processor modules 108 being associated with the single hosted operating system 106. To support distribution of tasks within the hosted environment on the various intelligent processor modules 108, the hosted operating system 106 can be implemented with an array of associations between intelligent processor modules 108 and underlying cores in the native/commodity hardware. Such intelligent processor modules 108 can be dynamically allocated or redistributed among underlying cores, based on the hosted workload.
In embodiments, the hosted operating system 106 supports virtualization of non-native systems, for example by allocating files in fabric-connected storage, establish a partition table within the file, and mount the file as a disk. The disk could then be built as desired with deployable software, and then unmounted/closed, allowing the disk/file to be used as a boot unit for a new machine, to which the hosted operating system 106 can dynamically deliver such a disk. In such an arrangement, the boot disk would represent a dynamically created and customized boot unit.
In addition to the above, the hosted operating system 106 can support different versions of intelligent processor modules 108, for example to allow use of different versions that utilize different features (i.e., expose different instructions or other extended features). At execution time, the hosted operating system 106 is configured to inspect the intelligent processor modules 108 with which it is associated. If all features are supported, execution can occur. If features are not supported, either a firmware update to change a version of the intelligent processor module 108 could occur, or alternative paths (perhaps having lower/different performance) could be taken, depending on whether a particular feature is present. In a still further option, source code could be recompiled at runtime to be executable only using the features supported the current intelligent processor module(s) 108. In yet another option, the hosted operating system 106 can generate an interrupt and emulate unsupported features using features that are supported. Although this may affect performance, it would allow for execution of workloads irrespective of the version of the intelligent processor modules 108 that are present in a particular system.
In example embodiments, additional operating system—specific features are implemented that allow for universal compatibility. For example in embodiments of the hosted operating system 106, universal time (rather than local time) is tracked. Additionally, time can be managed using the timestamp counter typically present in commodity processors. Furthermore, to the extent specific operations are time-sensitive or measured in time, a WAIT operator could be issued, providing an event token, which is completely opaque to the firmware, and a time period which needs to elapse prior to having the firmware return the event token. An interrupt could be generated when the time period expires. In cooperation with such an interrupt, expired tokens could be queued, and the hosted operating system 106, upon receipt of an interrupt, could empty the queue of all expired tokens and handle such interrupts (either all at once, or on an as-needed basis).
In embodiments, the hosted operating system 106 will have a fair scheduler, allowing for prioritized scheduling of critical processes but preserving some baseline processing capabilities for each of the processes hosted by that operating system (rather than using a simple priority based scheme that can lead to starvation of neglected processes). Additionally, the hosted operating system 106 provides a user interface in association with mainframe computing support.
In various embodiments, the hosted operating system 106 can monitor for saturation to determine a need to either scale-up (to encompass greater amounts of resources per intelligent processor module 108) or scale-out (to distribute to other platforms, for example when resources of a platform have been exhausted). Illustrations of such scale-up are provided in the arrangements of FIGS. 12-13, while illustrations of scale-out are illustrated in further detail below. Referring specifically to FIG. 12, the scaled-up implementation 1200 of the intelligent processor module 108 allocates a plurality of cores and memory areas to a common intelligent processor module 108, in a way that allows for increased processing capabilities of the intelligent processor module 108. Similarly, and as shown in the illustration of FIG. 13, a common hosted operating system 106 can scale-up to allow for a plurality of intelligent processor modules 108 in association with that operating system.
Referring to FIGS. 1-13 generally, it is noted that the secure migratable architecture, and operation thereof as described herein, has a number of advantages over existing mainframe systems, as well as existing virtualization systems hosting such mainframe software. The secure migratable architecture also has a number of advantages relative to virtualization systems generally. Such advantages include aspects relating to security, performance, capacity, availability, and flexibility, among others.
Regarding security, the secure migratable architecture described herein retains a tagged memory concept to enforce data type identification, and ensure that area descriptors are not reused, thereby preventing access of systems using stale area descriptors. Additionally, because deallocated memory can be zeroed, the secure migratable architecture will return one or more areas to the operating environment when deallocated. The deallocated memory areas can be overwritten by zeroes, or other known values, before deallocation, to avoid the possibility that lingering data is accessed by other software running on a host commodity platform. Additionally, to enhance security, legacy items will not be accessible via UniTag features, and void pointers (i.e., pointers lacking a width) are prevented from being dereferenced. Similarly, references cannot be created to memory areas that do not exist. Furthermore, because attributes are encapsulated within an area descriptor, security concepts such as read/write access can be managed at an architectural level. Additionally, memory is by default (and with some exceptions associated with I/O or other external features) not shared, increasing security.
Regarding performance, such performance is improved greatly by removing paging from a hosted operating system, with only paging occurring, as needed, at the underlying, commodity system level. Additionally, because of use of native numeric formats, arithmetic performance is improved. Furthermore, because of tag reorganization (separation of tag and data) and use of UniTag concepts, tag checks can be simplified, as well as data packing/unpacking and writing of adjacent data. Performance can further be improved by relying on existing compilers and languages that implement efficient correspondence to underlying, native architectures.
Regarding capacity, large addressable memory spaces are provided, as well as use of larger data types (e.g., Big Integers, etc.). Additionally, a tagged architecture allows the secure migratable architecture to reserve some tags for future arithmetic format developments. Furthermore, by allowing an intelligent processing module to identify to an operating system specific execution features relating to capacity and operation, the system overall can dynamically reconfigure to optimize use of resources both locally (as indicated in FIGS. 12-13) and throughout a computing fabric. Details regarding distribution through a computing fabric are provided below in connection with FIGS. 16-36.
Regarding availability, the secure migratable architecture of the present disclosure allows for update without a service interruption by supporting quiescing and updating portions of the architecture (both the intelligent processor module 108 and portions of the hosted operating system 106) without losing a state of operation. Additionally, because memory can be replicated, faults on one platform can be compensated for by restarting such a system on a remote system with limited interruption. Furthermore, because new environments can be replicated across a computing fabric allows for management of resource consumption in a way that avoids performance limitations on particular workloads.
Regarding flexibility, the secure migratable architecture allows for faster updating and changing of an instruction set architecture to accommodate different commodity instruction set architectures, and allows for realtime replacement of modules to change the hosted instruction set architecture as desired. Furthermore, dynamic updates allow new features or fixes to be introduced without service interruptions. Data interchange between the hosted environment and the underlying commodity system allows for quick incorporation of features into the hosted environment.
Other advantages relative to existing mainframe systems exist as well, including, among other features, improved user interfaces and flexibility to accommodate a full complement of programming languages and feature libraries included therein. Other advantages are present as well, as reflected in the present disclosure.
II. Host Hardware for Secure Migratable Architecture
Referring to FIGS. 14-15, example configurations of computing devices are shown that may be used to host the secure migratable architecture of the present disclosure are illustrated. In FIG. 14, a schematic illustration of an example computing system is provided. In various embodiments, the computing device 1300 implements one particular instruction set architecture, such as the x86, x86-64, or IA64 instruction set architectures. In alternative embodiments, other instruction set architectures, such as ARM, MIPS, Power, SPARC, or other commodity instruction set architecture can be used. The computing device 1400 can be used to execute non-native software using the secure migratable architecture described herein, in accordance with the methods and systems described herein.
In the example of FIG. 14, the computing device 1400 includes a memory 1402, a processing system 1404, a secondary storage device 1406, a network interface card 1408, a video interface 1410, a display unit 1412, an external component interface 1414, and a communication medium 1416. The memory 1402 includes one or more computer storage media capable of storing data and/or instructions. In different embodiments, the memory 1402 is implemented in different ways. For example, the memory 1402 can be implemented using various types of computer storage media.
The processing system 1404 includes one or more processing units. A processing unit is a physical device or article of manufacture comprising one or more integrated circuits that selectively execute software instructions. In various embodiments, the processing system 1404 is implemented in various ways. For example, the processing system 1404 can be implemented as one or more physical or logical processing cores. In another example, the processing system 1404 can include one or more separate microprocessors. In yet another example embodiment, the processing system 1404 can include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that provides specific functionality. In yet another example, the processing system 1404 provides specific functionality by using an ASIC and by executing computer-executable instructions.
The secondary storage device 1406 includes one or more computer storage media. The secondary storage device 1406 stores data and software instructions not directly accessible by the processing system 1404. In other words, the processing system 1404 performs an I/O operation to retrieve data and/or software instructions from the secondary storage device 1406. In various embodiments, the secondary storage device 1406 includes various types of computer storage media. For example, the secondary storage device 1406 can include one or more magnetic disks, magnetic tape drives, optical discs, solid state memory devices, and/or other types of computer storage media.
The network interface card 1408 enables the computing device 1400 to send data to and receive data from a communication network. In different embodiments, the network interface card 1408 is implemented in different ways. For example, the network interface card 1408 can be implemented as an Ethernet interface, a token-ring network interface, a fiber optic network interface, a wireless network interface (e.g., WiFi, WiMax, etc.), or another type of network interface.
The video interface 1410 enables the computing device 1400 to output video information to one or more display units 1412. The one or more display units 1412 can be various types of devices for displaying video information, such as an LCD display panel, a plasma screen display panel, a touch-sensitive display panel, an LED screen, a cathode-ray tube display, or a projector. The video interface 1410 can communicate with the display unit(s) 1412 in various ways, such as via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector, a VGA connector, a digital visual interface (DVI) connector, an S-Video connector, a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) interface, or a DisplayPort connector.
The external component interface 1414 enables the computing device 1400 to communicate with external devices. For example, the external component interface 1414 can be a USB interface, a FireWire interface, a serial port interface, a parallel port interface, a PS/2 interface, and/or another type of interface that enables the computing device 1400 to communicate with external devices. In various embodiments, the external component interface 1414 enables the computing device 1400 to communicate with various external components, such as external storage devices, input devices, speakers, modems, media player docks, other computing devices, scanners, digital cameras, and fingerprint readers.
The communication medium 1416 facilitates communication among the hardware components of the computing device 1400. In the example of FIG. 14, the communication medium 1416 facilitates communication among the memory 1402, the processing system 1404, the secondary storage device 1406, the network interface card 1408, the video interface 1410, and the external component interface 1414. The communication medium 1416 can be implemented in various ways. For example, the communication medium 1416 can include a PCI bus, a PCI Express bus, an accelerated graphics port (AGP) bus, a serial Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) interconnect, a parallel ATA interconnect, a Fiber Channel interconnect, a USB bus, a Small Computing system Interface (SCSI) interface, or another type of communications medium.
The memory 1402 stores various types of data and/or software instructions. For instance, in the example of FIG. 14, the memory 1402 stores a Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) 1418 and an operating system 1420. The BIOS 1418 includes a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processing system 1404, cause the computing device 1400 to boot up. The operating system 1420 includes a set of computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processing system 1404, cause the computing device 1400 to provide an operating system that coordinates the activities and sharing of resources of the computing device 1400. Furthermore, the memory 1402 stores application software 1422. The application software 1422 includes computer-executable instructions, that when executed by the processing system 1404, cause the computing device 1400 to provide one or more applications. The memory 1402 also stores program data 1424. The program data 1424 is data used by programs that execute on the computing device 1400.
| 28,114 |
8646069_1 | Court Listener | Open Government | Public Domain | null | None | None | Unknown | Unknown | 3,839 | 4,708 | The petition set forth, in substance, that on August 13, 1896, the Cincinnati Street Railway Company, by virtue of certain *490resolutions of the Board of Administration of the City of Cincinnati, adopted under and in pursuance of an act of the General Assembly of Ohio, passed April 26, 1895, known as the “Rogers Law,” rearranged its routes and was granted certain extensions of time upon its franchises and certain territorial extensions of its street railway routes; and that in connection therewith, and as a condition precedent and consideration for such grants and privileges, said railway company agreed to give, upon demand, to any person paying a cash fare, a transfer good for passage over routes extending in the same general direction ; and that such condition being duly accepted by said street railway company, became binding upon it and upon the associated defendant, the Cincinnati Traction Company, its lessee.'
That subsequently, by virtue of certain traffic agreements between the said traction company and certain interurban street railway companies, namely, the Cincinnati & Eastern Company and the Rapid Railway Company, whose rights in the premises have been assigned to and acquired by the Interurban Railway & Terminal Company, which is made a co-defendant, the latter company is operating cars from a terminal depot on Sycamore street to a point in Warren county, Ohio, and also to New Richmond, Ohio; that said cars use, in. the latter ease, a substantial portion of the so-called East End route, and in the former case portions of the so-called Walnut Hills cable route and the so-called Mt. Auburn cable route.
The petition then alleges that the defendant interurban companies, operating cars over the routes and parts of routes designated, refused to receive »for passage transfers given by the traction company, which would, by the terms of the Rogers Law resolutions, be good for passage over the route or routes so traversed; and that said Interurban Railway & Terminal Company, in the operation of cars over said tracks, refuses to .give transfers to routes of the traction company, as provided in said resolutions; and prays that the defendant be required to specifically perform the conditions of said Rogers Law resolutions of August 13th, 1896; or, in default thereof, that the operation of said cars be enjoined.
*491The demurrer filed to said petition involves:
First. The objection of misjoinder as to (a) parties defendant, (b) causes of action, (e) separate causes of action against several defendants; and
Second. That the petition does not state facts sufficient in law to constitute a cause of action.
Following the course adopted by counsel in argument, we will consider the last mentioned objéotion first, because it raises the principal question in the case. As the demurrer admits the truth of the facts pleaded it must be assumed as true that the Interurban Railway & Terminal Company is operating cars over certain routes and tracks of the Cincinnati Traction Company, lessee of the Cincinnati Street Railway Company, in the city of Cincinnati, by virtue of certain agreements between themselves, and that these parties refuse to interchange transfers as required by the Rogers Law resolutions.
The full latitude allowed the various counsel in the argument and the extended ramifications of the various arguments adduced, render it impossible to follow these in detail within reasonable limits. We, therefore, confine ourselves to as succinct a statement of our views as possible, having regard to the difficulties of the subject.
By the terms of the Rogers Law resolutions as accepted and agreed to, the street railway company was “allowed to charge for each passenger by it carried one cash fare of five cents, subject to the giving of transfers,” as specified in said resolutions. The provision for transfers specified the various routes, and, in connection with each, certain other routes to which transferal should be givlen. Stated generally, the transferís specified were for the continuation of the ride over connecting routes, extending in the same general direction as the route on which the cash fare was paid. The provision begins with the requirement that “the Cincinnati Street Railway Company, its successors or assigns, shall upon demand upon the cars either at the time of payment of fare or within three minutes thereafter, issue transfers to its passengers who have paid the fare at the cash rate, and accept transfers good over its various *492routes herein described as follows”—specifying the routes and connections as above stated.
It is clear beyond dispute, upon elementary considerations, that the traction company, as lessee of the Cincinnati Street Railway Company, is bound by all the conditions and obligations imposed by the Rogers Law resolution, under and by virtue of which the right to the occupancy and use of the streets of Cincinnati for street railway purposes is derived, and this is admitted by the defendants.
It would seem to follow, upon legal principles equally elementary, that the traction company, as lessee, could grant to a sub-lessee of its tracks and property no higher or greater rights of occupancy and use than it possesses; and that the sub-lessee could under no circumstances cognizable in equity, acquire >a higher right than that possessed by the lessee, because it dealt with the lesee with full knowledge of the legal relations and respective rights of the city, the street railway company, and the traction company, with reference to the subject matter, which were matters of public record. The sub-lessee would be bound also to take notice of the source, character and limitations of the power under which the street railway company or the traction company—both or either—assumed to grant to it a right to the use of tracks and of the streets through which they pass, because all are creatures of law and can act only as the law authorizes, and acquire only such rights as the law permits.
The law under which the contract involved in this case was made, as conceded by both parties, is the act of 1894 (Sections 3443-8 to 3443-13 of the Revised Statutes), commonly called the “Interurban Act.” This act provides:
First. For the occupancy, by street railways organized for the purpose, of highways outside of municipalities, by consent of abutting owmers and of -the authorities in charge.
Second. For the appropriation of private property where necessary.
Third. For leases, purchases and traffic arrangements with street railways in municipalities into or through which it is necessary or desirable to go.
*493Fourth. For consolidation with such municipal street railways.
Fifth. For conforming the regulation and powers of such railways to those applicable to other street railways.
We are concerned in the ease chiefly with the third section of this act, which is as follows.:
“Revised Statutes, Section 3443-11 [Leases, purchases and traffic arrangements]. Such companies shall have power to lease, purchase or make traffic arrangements with any other street railroad company as to so much of its tracks and other property as may be necessary or desirable to enable them to enter or pass through any city or village upon the same terms and conditions applicable to other street railroads. And any existing street railroad company owning or operating a street railroad shall receive the cars., freight, packages:, or passengers of .any other road upon the same terms and conditions as they carry for the general public.”
The main question in the case arises upon the construction and meaning of this section. The language of the statute, upon first impression and considering the general status and relation of the interurban street railway to the municipal street railway, seems to mean this, namely: That while the primary object of the interurban road is to connect neighboring municipalities, yet, to avoid the inconvenience of transfer to municipal cars at the corporate boundaries, on the one hand, and to avoid, on the other hand, the unnecessary burdening of streets not already occupied by street railroads, the Legislature intended to give the interurban roads the required terminal facilities by permitting the municipal and interurban companies to enter into a contract whereby the municipal road in possession may share with the interurban road upon a consideration arranged between themselves, the franehises and privileges. already possessed by itself, with the interurban 'company.
Naturally, in accordance with reason and the principles of law governing parties and rights similarly conditioned, .this sharing of the right to use and occupy the streets and the tracks thereon for the operation of cars, must be subject to the terms and conditions governing the use of the right in the original possessor.'
*494This would seem to be true even if no limiting words were introduced into the statute respecting the terms of the contract in this respect, because, on principle, a mere right given to a tenant to contract with a sub-lessee for a joint use must by implication be confined to such right of use as the primary lessee possesses.
It seems plain, therefore, that the words of Section 3443-11, “upon the same t.erms and conditions applicable to other street railroads,” mean, that the right to be shared is that—and that alone—which is possessed by the municipal company, and that the use acquired by the interurban company is to be governed by the terms and conditions governing a like use by the municipal company.
We are strengthened in this view by an admission of one of the counsel for the municipal companies: “The words ‘same terms and conditions,’ ” says the brief before us, “must, therefore, relate to means of transit and rates of fare as those matters exist over the line of railway selected and described by the traffic agreement.”
In the oral argument, other counsel while admitting that a lease or purchase would subject the interurban company to the obligations resting upon the municipal company, contended that a traffic agreement was quite a different thing and had no such legal effect. The reasoning upon which it was attempted to support this theory was not clear; and as the two propositions are inconsistent, we must understand the later expression in the brief as an abandonment of the former position. Its significance will be considered later.
There seems to be some confusion, however, in the use of the expression “traffic agreement.” The agreement is thus termed in the petition and in argument; but while the petition does not set forth its details, enough appears to show that under it the interurban company is using certain tracks of the municipal company for the operation of its cars to and from its own independent terminal depot in the city. A grant of such use is in the nature of a siib-leasing of the trades, and it seems a misnomer to call such an agreement .a “traffic agreement,” because the latter implies as >an essential condition an inter*495change of commodities or passengers between the roads from one to the other. And it is this sort of an arrangement which seems to be covered by the latter part of Section 3443-11, which provides, in effect, that when the municipal road receives the cars, freight, packages or passengers of the contracting interurban road for transportation it shall do so upon the same terms and conditions as they carry for the general public.
The mere name which the parties give to their contract can in no wise alter its legal character or effect, which' is determined by the actual facts. In this ease the admitted fact is that the interurban company is operating its own cars and carrying passengers over the tracks of the municipal company— which is a character of use indicating, in effect, a leasing.
It is claimed by the city solicitor that Section 2505c, Revised Statutes—passed only four days later than the act already considered—also has application to the present controversy.
This provides, in substance, that a railway company organized to build or operate an electric railway from one municipality or point to another in this state shall be authorized to make an arrangement or agreement with a municipal street railway whereby the passenger cars of the interurban company may be operated over the trucks of the municipal company for such compensation as may be agreed upon, “upon the same conditions and for the same length of time” as those of the municipal company are operated; and be “subject to all the obligations imposed upon the municipal street cars”; that, in so far as the interurban ears use only the tracks of the municipal street railway, it shall not be necessary to obtain any additional grant or franchise other than that obtained by said agreement or arrangement; and provides that the “fare charged in the municipality shall not be greater than that fixed in the franchise held or owned by” the municipal street railway.
The defendants contend that this statute has no application because it is primarily designed for so-called commercial railroads—a contention based, largely, it would seem, upon the absence'of any qualifying word before “railway” in the opening *496sentence; and, upon ,a passing dictum of Summers, J. (now of the Supreme Court), in State v. Dayton Traction Company, 18 C. C., 491 (497), in which he intimates—while disclaiming any purpose to construe the scope of the law—that it may refer to commercial railways only.
We do not deem it necessary here to determine this point, because the fact that these sections were under consideration by the Legislature at the same time, suggests—as Judge Summers also intimates—that they are not in conflict. But, if we accept the cited dictum of Judge- Summers, and if the construction we have indicated for Section 3443-11 be the true one, then, certainly, they do not conflict; because the Legislature was providing for contracts authorizing a municipal street railway to share its possession of streets with two classes of inter-municipal railways differing only in name but organized for substantially the same kind of traffic, namely, that between municipalities.
The fact, therefore, -of itself sheds light upon the intent and meaning of the Legislature in the earlier act; for we can not suppose any material difference was intended, because there were manifest reasons for granting the same but not different privileges. Mere differences in terminology are naturally to be expected where laws are drafted by different individuals.
It should be noted, however, that for aught that appears in the present case, the defendant interurban company may be of the class specified in Section 2505c rather than in 3443-11 for it is a fact of common knowledge that very many of our interurban railways distinctly avoid occupying the highways outside of the municipalities, but build upon private rights of way acquired by purchase, in order to operate at higher speeds and avoid the liability of -accidents incident to highway occupancy.
There are but few expressions upon the purpose and scope of the law in question that appear in print, and these do not throw direct light upon the question under consideration. In State v. Traction Company, 64 O. S., 272 (281), Judge Shauck refers to the general definition of street railways as immaterial—
*497“In view of recent legislation in which the term is applied to roads 'constructed upon 'highways—interurban as well as urban—the only requirement being that in construction and operation they shall be consistent with the former and ordinary use of such highways. * * * It is well known that in response to a general demand for increased traffic facilities between cities and the regions surrounding them that the act of May 14, 1894, now cited as Sections 3443-8 to 3443-13, Revised Statutes, was enacted.”
In City of Hamilton v. C. & H. Electric Company, 5 N. P., 557, it was held that Section 3443-11 presents merely an alternative mode of entering the city. “This” (section), said the court, “may in some sense enlarge the rights of a road built wholly without a municipal corporation, but it would not prevent a road under a proper charter from -building into the city.”
In an opinion of the attorney-general cited to us from 39 Bui., 113 (115), it is held that .-an interurban company entering a municipality by virtue of the section under consideration “at once becomes subject to the statutory regulations and municipal control of (applicable to) street railroads proper.”
It is contended that the city has no right to sue because it is not a party to the so-called -traffic agreement; but we do- not understand that the suit of the city is based -directly upon the traffic agreement. The city entered into contract relations with the street railway company whereby it granted to it and its assigns certain privileges of operating street cars in the streets upon certain conditions. It is conceded that the traction company, lessee, stands in the shoes -of the street railway company, The Legislature meantime granted .authority to the traction compiany to take a partner or sub-lessee under its contract with the city, with whom it is authorized to share its rights and obligations pro tanto. The law under which the traction company assumed to grant, and the interurban companies assumed to accept and exercise, the privileges held by the traction company, and by which alone such transfer of rights is authorized, is part of the agreement whether so expressed in the terms of the latter or not. The law was its sole source and inspiration and it could have no validity otherwise. The acceptance of these privileges wafe also the acceptance of the obligations attaching to them; and the contract itself was therefore in effect a contract made for the benefit of a third party, namely, the public in its municipal capacity which granted the easement or franchise which is being used. Weil v. The State, 46 O. St., 450 (453).
The case, therefore, as it seems to us, falls directly under the language of Section 1777, Revised Statutes, authorizing the city solicitor to sure in the name of the corporation, and, “whenever an obligation or contract made on behalf of the corporation granting an easement or creating a public duty, is being evaded or violated, apply for the forfeiture or specific performance of the same as the nature of the case may require,” or for an injunction, as provided earlier in the section.
We have adverted to the admission of counsel for defendants that the contract in question subjected the interurban company to the same conditions as to rates of fare to be charged as were obligatory upon the traction company. This is a virtual admission that the transaction, in effect, brought the interurban company into relations of privity with the city in respect of the franchise contract which established such obligation.
But the fare charged'under the franchise granted by the Rogers Law resolutions was defined as a condition of the grant under which the municipal street railway and its assigns were obligated to transport a passenger paying a specified cash sum, not only upon the route upon which he was then going, but a further distance on a connecting route continuing in the same *499general direction, upon liis demanding such right. The continued journey, upon demand, is the consideration for the cash fare paid. To cut off half the r-ide -is, in effect, to double the fare; as much so as if a railway company having contracted to carry a passenger from one terminal to the other of a given route, were to collect the entire fare upon the first half and then demand a second fare for the latter half of the route.
It is idle, as it seems to us, to claim that the ride upon a transfer under the franchise in question is a mere' “privilege” intended for municipal passengers only, which constitutes no part of the consideration for the fare, and which may be omitted without violating the terms of the contract when transporting a passenger w'ho may come into the city from extra-urban territory. That the contention is not sound is shown, moreover, by the admitted fact that the interurban cars operating over the municipal tracks do also a purely municipal business—although this is claimed to be incidental to the main purpose of transporting interurban passengers.
But it is also admitted that these municipal passengers are denied transfers, and it is manifest, therefore, that the proposed principle of classification is a one-sided -doctrine that does not work in favor of the public but only against it. It does not break the force of this -obvious deduction to say that the use of interurban -ears by the municipal public is “voluntary.” This can -only mean that the municipal public use the interurban ears within the corporation, knowing that transfers are refused— which begs the question. It is obvious that the theory of separate public rights in respect of transportation over municipal tracks is too shadowy for practical enforcement.
"We find no warrant, in the legislation providing for intra and extra-urban railroads, for the theory of classification of municipal and interurban passengers on any such basis as would discriminate in favor of one and against the other, as contended in argument, with respect to rights of transportation on municipal street railroads. On the contrary-, as the rights in question emanate from the same source, to-wit, the state, representing the people in their sovereign capacity, we must suppose an intention to grant the same rights to all.
*500Such, in effect, we find and construe to be the meaning of the specific language of the statute under consideration, namely, an expression of legislative intent that interurban passengers brought into the city over municipal trackways controlled by municipal street railways, shall not be discriminated against, but shall have exactly the same rights of transportation within the city as residents.
Entertaining these views, we must overrule the demurrers as to the main grounds stated.
The other grounds, viz., of misjoinder of defendants and of causes of action, seem to ignore the statement of the petition admitted by. the demurrer to be true—that the rights of contract acquired by the Rapid Railway Company and the Cincinnati & Eastern Railway Company have been assigned to the Interurban Railway & Terminal Company. This would in effect be a merger of two contracts of the same nature in one defendant, which, therefore, becomes in effect one contract for the purposes of this suit; or, in another aspect, brings two causes of action into such relation as that they may be combined in one suit. The merger of the rights acquired by the separate interurban companies in the terminal company, makes the latter company the real party defendant in interest, and leaves the original contracting interurban companies nominal parties only. The demurrers are therefore overruled on these grounds also.
As the sole questions involved in this litigation are raised and determined by these demurrers, a decree will be entered in behalf of the plaintiff and against the defendants substantially as prayed, the precise terms of which, in case counsel can not agree, will be settled by the court upon presentation of drafts by counsel.
Demurrers overruled, and judgment for plaintis granting the prayer of the petition.
| 5,453 |
https://github.com/tbkoo53/shirasagi-cms-heroku-button-ver1_5/blob/master/app/controllers/cms/search_contents/html_controller.rb | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | shirasagi-cms-heroku-button-ver1_5 | tbkoo53 | Ruby | Code | 341 | 1,508 | class Cms::SearchContents::HtmlController < ApplicationController
include Cms::BaseFilter
include Cms::ApiFilter::Contents
model Cms::Page
navi_view "cms/search_contents/navi"
def index
raise "403" unless Cms::Tool.allowed?(:edit, @cur_user, site: @cur_site)
@keyword = params[:keyword]
@replacement = params[:replacement]
@updated_items = flash[:updated_items]
if @updated_items
page_ids = @updated_items["update_pages"].split(",")
layout_ids = @updated_items["update_layouts"].split(",")
part_ids = @updated_items["update_parts"].split(",")
@pages = Cms::Page.site(@cur_site).in(id: page_ids).order_by(filename: 1).limit(500)
@parts = Cms::Part.site(@cur_site).in(id: part_ids).order_by(filename: 1).limit(500)
@layouts = Cms::Layout.site(@cur_site).in(id: layout_ids).order_by(filename: 1).limit(500)
end
end
def update
keyword = params[:keyword].to_s
replacement = params[:replacement].to_s
option = params[:option]
page_ids = params[:page_ids].to_a.map(&:to_i)
part_ids = params[:part_ids].to_a.map(&:to_i)
layout_ids = params[:layout_ids].to_a.map(&:to_i)
@pages = []
@layouts = []
@parts = []
begin
raise "400" if keyword.blank?
if option == "regexp"
search_html_with_regexp(keyword)
exclude_search_results(page_ids, part_ids, layout_ids)
replace_html_with_regexp(keyword, replacement)
elsif option == "url"
search_html_with_url(keyword)
exclude_search_results(page_ids, part_ids, layout_ids)
replace_html_with_url(keyword, replacement)
else
search_html_with_string(keyword)
exclude_search_results(page_ids, part_ids, layout_ids)
replace_html_with_string(keyword, replacement)
end
rescue => e
#
end
location = {
action: :index,
keyword: keyword,
replacement: replacement,
}
flash[:updated_items] = {
"update_pages" => @pages.map(&:id).join(","),
"update_layouts" => @layouts.map(&:id).join(","),
"update_parts" => @parts.map(&:id).join(","),
}
redirect_to location, notice: t("ss.notice.saved")
end
private
def replace_html_with_string(string, replacement)
@pages = @pages.select do |item|
update_html_fields(item) { |html| html.gsub(string, replacement) }
end
@parts = @parts.select do |item|
update_html_fields(item) { |html| html.gsub(string, replacement) }
end
@layouts = @layouts.select do |item|
update_html_fields(item) { |html| html.gsub(string, replacement) }
end
end
def replace_html_with_url(src_url, dest_url)
src_path = "=\"#{src_url}"
dest_path = "=\"#{dest_url}"
@pages = @pages.select do |item|
update_html_fields(item) { |html| html.gsub(src_path, dest_path) }
end
@parts = @parts.select do |item|
update_html_fields(item) { |html| html.gsub(src_path, dest_path) }
end
@layouts = @layouts.select do |item|
update_html_fields(item) { |html| html.gsub(src_path, dest_path) }
end
end
def replace_html_with_regexp(string, replacement)
regexp = Regexp.new(string, Regexp::MULTILINE)
@pages = @pages.select do |item|
update_html_fields(item) { |html| html.gsub(regexp, replacement) }
end
@parts = @parts.select do |item|
update_html_fields(item) { |html| html.gsub(regexp, replacement) }
end
@layouts = @layouts.select do |item|
update_html_fields(item) { |html| html.gsub(regexp, replacement) }
end
end
def exclude_search_results(page_ids, part_ids, layout_ids)
@pages = @pages.in(id: page_ids).order_by(filename: 1).limit(500)
@layouts = @layouts.in(id: layout_ids).order_by(filename: 1).limit(500)
@parts = @parts.in(id: part_ids).order_by(filename: 1).limit(500)
end
def update_html_fields(item)
item = item.becomes_with_route if item.try(:route)
attributes = {}
HTML_FIELDS.each do |field|
next unless item.try(field)
html = yield item.send(field)
attributes[field] = html if item.send(field) != html
end
if attributes.present?
item.set(attributes)
true
else
false
end
end
end
| 37,448 |
https://github.com/zhouancheng/spring-boot-jta-atomikos-sample/blob/master/src/main/java/com/iyihua/sample/CustomerConfig.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,022 | spring-boot-jta-atomikos-sample | zhouancheng | Java | Code | 128 | 836 | package com.iyihua.sample;
import java.util.HashMap;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.DependsOn;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import com.atomikos.jdbc.AtomikosDataSourceBean;
import com.iyihua.sample.repository.customer.CustomerDatasourceProperties;
import com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlXADataSource;
@Configuration
@DependsOn("transactionManager")
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.iyihua.sample.repository.customer", entityManagerFactoryRef = "customerEntityManager", transactionManagerRef = "transactionManager")
@EnableConfigurationProperties(CustomerDatasourceProperties.class)
public class CustomerConfig {
@Autowired
private JpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter;
@Autowired
private CustomerDatasourceProperties customerDatasourceProperties;
@Primary
@Bean(name = "customerDataSource", initMethod = "init", destroyMethod = "close")
// @Qualifier("customerDataSource")
public DataSource customerDataSource() {
MysqlXADataSource mysqlXaDataSource = new MysqlXADataSource();
mysqlXaDataSource.setUrl(customerDatasourceProperties.getUrl());
mysqlXaDataSource.setPinGlobalTxToPhysicalConnection(true);
mysqlXaDataSource.setPassword(customerDatasourceProperties.getPassword());
mysqlXaDataSource.setUser(customerDatasourceProperties.getUsername());
mysqlXaDataSource.setPinGlobalTxToPhysicalConnection(true);
AtomikosDataSourceBean xaDataSource = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
xaDataSource.setXaDataSource(mysqlXaDataSource);
xaDataSource.setUniqueResourceName("xads1");
return xaDataSource;
}
@Primary
@Bean(name = "customerEntityManager")
@DependsOn("transactionManager")
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean customerEntityManager() throws Throwable {
HashMap<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
properties.put("hibernate.transaction.jta.platform", AtomikosJtaPlatform.class.getName());
properties.put("javax.persistence.transactionType", "JTA");
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManager = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
entityManager.setJtaDataSource(customerDataSource());
entityManager.setJpaVendorAdapter(jpaVendorAdapter);
entityManager.setPackagesToScan("com.iyihua.sample.domain.customer");
entityManager.setPersistenceUnitName("customerPersistenceUnit");
entityManager.setJpaPropertyMap(properties);
return entityManager;
}
}
| 50,244 |
sevenbooksofpaul01pauluoft_1 | US-PD-Books | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,844 | The seven books of Paulus AEgineta : translated from the Greek : with a commentary embracing a complete view of the knowledge possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians on all subjects connected with medicine and surgery | None | English | Spoken | 6,469 | 8,665 | THE SYDENHAM SOCIETY T INSTITUTED MDCCCXLIir =-^' LONDON M Dec ex I, I \'. THE SEVEN BOOKS OF PAULUS iEGINETA. TRANSLATED FROM THE GREEK. WITH A COMMENTARY EMBRACING A COMPLETE VIEW OF THE KNOWLEDGE POSSESSED BY THE GREEKS, ROMANS, AND ARABIANS. ON ALL SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH MEDICINE AND SURGERY. BY FRANCIS ADAMS. IN THREE VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON PRINTED ¥02 THE SYDENHAM SOCIETY M D C C C X 1. 1 V. \ -. MVLTVM F.OKKl NT Ql' I ANTE NOS FVF.UVNT. SEP NON rEriF.GERli jgT. svsriciENM TAMEN 61'NT, ET HlTV DEonVlM COl.ENDl. (SENECA, EPIST. LXIV. 1 r.AHTH.ilOMrsVN CU.SE. ADVERTISEMENT. Although in the Preface which immediately follows, and which is reprinted with slight alterations from the former edition, I have entered, at some length, upon the subject of the following translation, I felt it necessary, in the circumstances under which my work now appears, to premise a few additional remarks. It is now many years since I undertook and completed a translation of the whole works of Paulus J^srineta. In the year 1834 I published the first three books, with a commentaiy, having for its object to embody the most important opinions of the Greek, Roman, and Arabian writers, on all subjects treated of by the original author. Notwithstanding the very favorable reception which that volume obtained from many of the most eminent members of the medical profession, as well as from scholars both at home and abroad, I was under the necessity — from circumstances which I need not here detail — of deviatinff from my original intention of completing the publication of the work in the same form and at my own risk. After an interval of ten years the proposition was made to me by the Council of the Sydenham Society to prepare a new edition of the volume already published, and to complete the remaining two on the same general plan. This proposition was too gratifying to my feelings not to be immediately assented to; and it is with un- feigned satisfaction that I have now the honour to submit the vi ADVERTISEMENT. first volume of the work to the members of so distinguished and important a Society. In preparing this volume for the press, knowing that it will now be subjected to the criticisms of a very numerous and in- telligent body of ray professional brethren, I have been anxious to render it worthy of th^jir approbation as far as lay in my power. At the request of the Council I have made considerable omissions in my commentary as formerly printed, more especially in regard to modern authorities; it being thought advisable not to bring the annotations further down than the period of the Arabian writers. I have also made not a few additions and alterations which I hope ^W11 be considered as improvements. In performing this part of my task I have greatly profited by the aid and valuable criticisms of two esteemed friends, Sir William Hamilton of Edinburgh, and Dr. Greenhill of Oxford. I am sensible that it is to the growing conviction in the pro- fession, of the value of the ancient authorities, that I owe the very flattering distinction which my work has now obtained; and I shall have great satisfaction in reverting to the labours of former years if they should now prove instrumental in increasing the desire of becoming acquainted with the views and practice of our forefathers. That the ancient literature of medicine has been too much neglected in this country is not disputed by any competent judge; and it would appear from the remarks of M. Hecker, in his address to the physicians of German}^, given in his admirable work on Epidemics, i that the profession on the Continent is not much in advance of us in this respect. The time, however, it is to be hoped, is not far distant when the medical profession will everywhere be impressed with the importance of becoming properly acquainted with the views of the animal economv and of its derangements, entertained by three of ' Dr. Baljington's Translation ; Sydenham edition, p. xv. ADVERTISEMENT. vii the most intellectual nations of mankind; and when every newly- broached hjnpothesis will be tested by a comparison with doctrines of a similar nature advanced in former days, and every newly- proposed remedy will be subjected to a like ordeal. Surely every age ought to endeavour to benefit by the experiments, Avhether successful or otherwise, of all preceding ones ; instead of every generation commencing a new series of trials, and wandering over the same ground in search of truths which had been long ago discovered; or in stumbhng through the mazes of error without regarding the beacons set up by their forefathers to direct the footsteps of their descendants. If the wisdom of antiquity be entitled to high reverence in any case, it surely is so in medicine, founded as this art especially is on general observation and experience. What renders ancient medical literatm'e of the more im- portance at the present day, is the circumstance that it is almost our only source of information with regard to the dis- eases prevalent in several extensive countries bordering upon the Mediterranean Sea. It is well known that the inhabitants of Greece, of Asia Minor, and of the north coast of Africa have been long sunk into such a state of intellectual decrepitude as renders them incapable of making and recording original ob- servation ; consequently, for information in regard to the phenomena of disease, as manifested in these regions, we are almost entirely thrown back upon the literature of their ancestors. I take the present opportunity of adverting to one or two circumstances which I omitted to notice in my original preface. An objection, I am well aware, will be made by some scholars to the manner in which I have executed one part of mv task. It is this : — that the references to ancient authors arc often so vague, <is to make it a matter of considerable difficulty to find the passages in the originals. It must be viii ADVERTISEMENT. admitted that there are grounds for this objection ; and if I had the work to do over again, I should most probably take pains to obviate it, in some degree, at least. But to remedy the omission, after the work was completed on its present plan, would have been a task of immense laboiu' to me, without bringing a coiTespondent advantage to my readers. Moreover, I am convinced that, even as they stand, the references will, in general, be found sufficient to guide those who have an ac- quaintance with the originals to the places indicated; and to those who are unacquainted with them, this strict system of quotation would be of no use, further than to inspire them with a greater degree of confidence in the accuracy and. pains-taking research of the Editor. It may be proper for me, then, to state that I have made it an invariable rule never to quote at second- hand, nor to make any reference to the opinions of an author whose works I have not mvself carefully examined. Many readers, I fear, will find considerable difficulty witli the names of the Compound Medicines which occiu- throughout this volume ; and may be disposed, to think it was the duty of the Commentator to explain them as they occur. In answer to this objection, I beg to state, that these compositions will be fully described in the thii'd and last volume, which treats of the Materia Medica and Pharmacy ; and on this account I thought it unnecessary to notice them elsewhere. The General Index, which will be given at the end of the work, will also facilitate reference in such cases. F. A. Banchory, August llth, 1814. EDITOR'S PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION OF VOL. I. Notwithstanding the additions which have been made of late years to the history of medical literature, it must still be admitted that there is not, in the English language, any work which con- tains a full and accurate account of the theoretical and practical knowledge possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians, on matters connected with medicine and surgery. Nor, as far as I can learn, is the case very different with the continental lan- guages. For, although the German and French have lately acquired several histories of medicine distinguished for their ability and research, the object of these works would appear to be confined to a general exposition of the leading discoveries and revolutions in doctrine which marked each particular age or epoch in the profession ; and I will ventui'e to affirm that no person will be able to acquire from a perusal of them anything like a competent acquaintance with the minute details of ancient practice. The design of the present publication is to supply the deficiency, now adverted to, by giving a complete Manual of the Surgery and Medicine of the Ancients, with a brief but compre- hensive outline of the sciences intimately connected with them, especially Physiology, the Materia Medica, and Pharmacy. At first it was my intention to accomplish this purpose in the form of an original work, but, being perplexed what plan to choose in arranging the multifarious matters which I had to treat of, I at last resolved upon taking for my text-book the celebrated sy- nopsis of Paulus ^Egineta, whereby I was at once supplied witli X EDITOR'S PREFACE. a convenient arrangement of my subject^ and at the same time^ by giving a close translation of it into Englisli, I saw that I would be enabled to enrich our medical literature with one of the most valuable relics of ancient science. By following this correct and faithful guide, by supplying his omissions and en- larging his plan, when necessary, from the more copious works of his predecessors, and by adding, in all cases, the improvements of subsequent ages, down to the latest date of ancient literature, I am in liopes that I have been able to present the reader with a work from which he may, at one view, become acquainted with the prevailing opinions upon all the most important matters con- nected with medical practice during a period of more than fifteen centuries. Im2:!ressed with a sense of the arduous nature of the task which I had undertaken, and sensible that its value consists entirely in its completeness on all points, I have endeavoured to discharge this duty faithfully and to the best of my ability. I trust then it will be found that not only have I overlooked no treatise connected with the medical art which has come down to us from antiquity, but that I have turned to good account my acquaintance with the learned labours of modern commen- tators, especially in the department of the Materia Medica, in order to adopt the nomenclature of the ancients on these sub- jects to the terminology of Botany, Chemistry, and Mineralogy, in the present time. And here may I be permitted to express my conviction that it is not altogether the blindness of partiality contracted towards intellectual pursuits upon which my mind has been so long en- gaged, that leads me to think that the original authors from whose stores I have drawn so liberally, will yet be fovmd and acknow- ledged to have been well entitled to the confidence and repu- tation which they once enjoyed, and to which it is my wish that the present publication should, in some degree, restore them ? It appears to me that, at certain periods of ancient times, the standard of professional excellence was such as Avould not easily EDITOR'S PREFACE. xi be attained at the present day, with all ouv vaunted improve- ments in knowledge ; and that many of those early masters of our art were distinguished for varied stores of erudition, an ardent love of truth, and an aptitude to detect the fallacies of error, such as few of us even now can lay claim to. The Father of Medicine held that, to become an eminent physician, it was necessary not only to be well acquainted with the structure of the human frame, but also to be skilled in logic, astronomy, and other sciences (De Aer. Aq., &c.) ; and of him it may be truly asserted, that he cultivated the art of medicine upon the strict principles of the inductive philosophy more than two thousand years before the Avorld gave Lord Bacon the credit of introducing this method of philosophising. His devoted admirer and follower, Galen, was evidently the very beau ideal of an accomplished physician; skilled in all the sciences of the day, in logic, mathematics, rhetoric, and the first philosophy ; to all these ornamental branches of knowledge he added a minute ac- quaintance with anatomy and physiology ; a practical experi- ence with the phenomena of diseases as diversified by climate, situation, and the varied modes of life ; a singular perseverance in collecting facts ; and an extraordinary ability for generalizing them. The contemporaries of Celsus regarded him not only as well acquainted with medical literature, but also as being mi- nutely skilled in every elegant and useful science which was known and cultivated at that remarkable period. " But the Sciolist," says he, " Avho gives himself out for a pro- ficient in the art, while he has scarcely even a smattering of learning, will never be deserving of much confidence, nor ever attain any great eminence in his profession. For it can never 1)0 that anv individual, to whatever age he may reach, should xii EDITOR'S PREFACE. be able to comprehend in his mind a subject so vast and diffuse, except by treading upon the footsteps of the ancients ; since the boundaries of the science far exceed the narrow limits of the life of man, as is the case with most of the liberal arts as Avell as with medicine. The number of authors is not small by whose labours the art has attained its present growth ; and yet one may hope to master the monuments of their industry Avithin the space of a few years. Let us suppose that, in the course of a thousand years, a thousand authors had made improvements in the profession ; and then a person who has diligently studied their works may improve his mind as much in knowledge as if he had devoted a thousand years to the study of medicine. But, when an acquaintance with former authors is despised, what need be expected from the efforts of a single person? For, however much he may surpass others in abilities, how is it to be supposed that his private stock of knowledge should be at all worthy to compare with the accumulated treasm'es of anti- quity ? In a word, he who has never turned over the pages of the ancient physicians, nor has formed to his mind a distinct con- ception of the natui'e of diseases before he enters the chambers of the sick, will find that, from ignorance and misapprehension, he will confound one complaint with another, for this obAaous reason, that he has come to his task unprepared and uninstructed." And here I would beg to call the attention of my readers to the fact that there is no legitimate mode of cultivating me- dical knowledge which was not followed by some one or other of the three great sects into which the profession was di^dded in ancient times. The Empirics held that observation, experi- ment, and the application of known remedies in one case to others presumed to be of a similar nature, constitute the whole art of cidtivating medicine. Though their -views were narrow, and their information scanty, when compared with some of the chiefs of the other sects ; and although they rejected, as useless and unattainable, all knowledge of the causes and recondite EDITOR'S PREFACE. xiii nature of diseases, it is undeniable that, besides personal expe- rience, they freely availed themselves of historical detail, and of a strict analogy founded upon observation and the re- semblance of phenomena. To this class we may refer Scribonius Largus, Marcellus, Plinius Valerianus, and a few others, fre- quently quoted by us. The sect called the Rational, Logical, or Dogmatical, holding that there is a certain alliance and con- nexion among all the useful and ornamental arts, maintained that it is the duty of the physician not to neglect any collateral science or subject. They therefore inquired sedulously into the remote and proximate causes of diseases, and into the effects of airs, waters, places, pursuits, food, diet, and seasons, in altering the state of the human body, and in rendering it more or less susceptible of morbid changes. general outline of their system would appear to have borne a striking resemblance to that of the sect which started up in Edinburgh towards the end of the last century, called the Brimonian, from the name of its ingenious but fanciful founder, Dr. Brown. The only perfect model of ancient Methodism that has come down to us is Cselius Aurelianus, an author so truly eminent that some of his admirers in modern times have not scrupled to maintain that his works are even better worth being attentively studied than those of Hippocrates and Galen. Moschion and Theodore Priscian (otherwise known by the name of Octavius Horatianus) belonged to this sect; Alexander of Tralles also had a considerable leaning to its principles; and some would even refer the illustrious Celsus to the same class, but probably without good reason, for he would rather seem to have imbibed the genuine spirit of Eclecticism, and like his distinguished correspondent Horace, to have been " NuUius addictus jurare in verba magistri." Before concluding these prefatory remarks, it will be naturally expected that I should say something of the author whose work I have bestowed so much pains in translating and commenting upon. Here, however, I must regret that the information which I have to supply is exceedingly scanty and unsatisfactory. So little is known of him that it is not even ascertained in what century he flourished. Vossius is wholly undecided; Moreau and Le Clerc place him in the fourth century; Vander Linden and Conringius, in the fifth; but Freind, Albertus Fabricius, Hutcheson, Sprengel, and most of the late writers of the Ancient History of Medicine, bring liim down as low as the seventh century, upon the authority of Abulfaragius ; but every person \ who is at all acquainted with his works will agree with me that | any opinion of his on chronological matters is entitled to Aery little consideration indeed. What confidence does a writer deserve who states, for example. EDITOR'S PREFACE. xv that Andromachus, the physician wlio added the flesh of vipers to the celebrated electuary of Mithridates^ lived in the time of Alexander the Great! — that Dioscorides, of Ain Zarba_, flourished in the reign of Ptolemy Physcon, namely, about one hundred and twenty years before Christ, whereas it can scarcely admit of a doubt that the celebrated author of the Greek Materia Medica did not live earlier than the end of the first century of the Christian era ! — and that Rufl'us was contemporary with Plato, when we have the authority of Suidas that he lived in the reign of Trajan! Dr. Milward, in his epistle to Sir Hans Sloane, endeavours to settle the age of our author from the following train of inferences : In the first place, then, since Paulus quotes Alexander Trallian and Alexander Aetius, it is quite certain that our author was posterior to both these writers. Now the age of Aetius may be made out from the following circumstances : Aetius mentions St. Cyril, Archbishop of Alexandria, whose death is ascertained from ecclesiastical history to have happened as late as the middle of the fifth century. Nay, he also takes notice of a medicine much recommended by Petrus Archiater, chief physician to Theodoric, who was posterior to St. Cp'il. We cannot possibly suppose it likely, then, that Aetius flourished earlier than the end of the fifth century. But what brings him still fiirther down, is the circumstance that his predecessor, Alexander, is mentioned by Agathias, the historian, about the middle of the sixth century. (Hist, v, 6.) It would seem almost certain, therefore, taking all these things into consideration, that our Author cannot have lived at an earlier period than in the end of the sixth or the beginning of the seventh century. But, whatever may have been the period at which he lived, there can be no doubt that he attained great eminence in his profession, and continued to be looked up to as one of the highest authorities in Medicine and Sm'gery during a long succession of ages. His countryman Nonnus, although he does not mentiou him by name, gives a brief compendium of a considerable por- xvi EDITOR'S PREFACE. tion of his work; and Psellus does the same in politic verses of some elegance. All the medical authors, in a word, of the dis- tinguished Arabian period, quote his opinions in almost every page of their works, and never fail to recognize him as one of the most eminent of their Grecian masters. At the revival of literatiu'e in modern times, the Latin translations of the Arabians continued for a time to be the ordinary guides to prac- tice; but when the superior merit of their Greek originals came to be properly appreciated, our Author rose again into high consideration. As a proof of this, I may mention that the surgery of Fabricius ab Aquapendente is made up almost entirely from his works. Portal, therefore, had no good occasion for representing him as " one of those unfortunate writers to whom posterity had not done justice.^' I admit, indeed, that for some time past, since professional research and the study of ancient models have been superseded by a restless desire of novelty in theory and in practice, he has not enjoyed that consideration to which he is justly entitled; but, in this respect, he has only shared the fate of other names, equally eminent for their contributions to medical science, who have nowbeen suffered to fall into neglect. Of the Latin translations, which are very numerous, the most celebrated is that of Cornarius, published by Henry Stephens in his ' Medicse Artis Principes;^ which, however, after a careful examination, I have not found to be so trustworthy as I ex- pected to find it. There once existed an Arabic edition by Honain, or Joannitius, (see Choidaut, Handb. der Bvicher- kunde fvir die Aeltere Medicin,) but of it I know nothing. The only part which has been translated into any modern language is the Sixth Book, a French translation of which was published at Lyons, a. d. 1539. Of the original there are two editions, namely, the Aldine of 1528 and the Basle of 1538, in neither of which is the text so accurate as could be ^vished. F. A. Banchory-Ternan ; Nov. \2tfi, 1833. THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE. It is not because the more ancient writers had omitted anv- thing relative to the Art that I have composed this work, but in order to give a compendious course of instruction ; for, on the contrary, everything is handled by them properly, and without any omissions, whereas the moderns have not only in the first place neglected the study of them, but have also blamed them for prolixity. Wherefore, I have undertaken the follow- ing Treatise, which, it is like, will serve as a commentary to those who may choose to consult it, whilst it Avill prove an exercise to me. For it appears strange that lawyers should be possessed of compendious and, as they call them, popular legal synopses, in which are contained the heads of all the laws, to serve for immediate use, whilst we neglect these things, although they have it generally in their power to put oflP the investigation of any point not only for little but even for a considerable time, whereas we can seldom or very rarely do so; for, in many cases, necessity requires that we act promptly, and hence Hippocrates has properly said, " the season is brief." (Aph. i, i.) For their business is generally conducted in the midst of cities, where b xviii AUTHOR'S PREFACE. there is an abundant supply of books, whereas physicians have to act not only in cities, in the fields, and in desert places, biit also at sea in ships, where such diseases sometimes sud- denly break out as, in the event of procrastination, would occasion death, or at least incur the most imminent danger. But to remember all the rules of the healing art, and all the particular substances connected with it, is exceedingly difficult if not altogether impossible. On this account I have compiled this brief collection from the works of the ancients, and have set down little of my own, except a few things which I have seen and tried in the practice of the art. For being conversant with the most distinguished writers in the profession, and in particular with Oribasius, who, in one work, has given a select Adew of everything relating to health (he being posterior to Galen, and one of the still more recent authors), I have collected what was best in them, and have endeavom-ed, if possible, not to pass by any one distemper. For the work of Oribasius, comprehending seventy books, contains indeed an exposition of the whole art, but it is not easily to be procured by people at large on account of its bulk, whilst the epitome of it, inscribed to his son Eustathius, is deficient in some diseases altogether, and gives but an imperfect description of others, sometimes the causes and diagnosis being omitted, and sometimes the proper plan of treatment being forgotten, as well as other things which have occm^'ed to my recollection. Wherefore the present work will contain the description, causes, and ciu'e of all diseases, whether situated in parts of uniform texture, in particular or- gans, or consisting of solutions of continuity, and that not merely in a summary way, but at as great length as possible. AUTHOR'S PREFACE. xix In the First Book, you Ayill find everything that relates to Hygiene, and to the preservation from, and correction of, dis- tempers peculiar to the various ages, seasons, temperaments, and so forth ; also, the powers and uses of the different articles of food, as is set forth in the chapter of contents. In the Second is explained the whole doctrine of Fevers, an account of certain matters relating to them being premised, such as excrementitious discharges, critical days, and other ap- pearances, and concluding with certain symptoms which are the concomitants of fever. The Third Book relates to Topical afi'ections, beginning from the crown of the head and descending down to the nails of the feet. The Fourth Book treats of those complaints which are external and exposed to view, and are not limited to one part of the body but affect various parts. Also, of Intestinal Worms and Dra- cunculi. The Fifth treats of the Wounds and Bites of Venomous Animals ; also of the distemper called Hydrophobia, and of persons bitten by dogs which are mad, and by those which are not mad ; and also of persons bitten by men. Afterwards it treats of deleterious substances, and the preservatives from them. In the Sixth Book is contained everything relating to Sm-gcry, both what relates to the fleshy parts, such as the extraction of weapons ; and to the bones, which comprehends Fractiu-es and Dislocations. In the Seventh is contained an account of the Properties of all Medicines, first of the Simple, then of the Compound ; par- XX AUTHOR'S PREFACE. ticiilarly of those whicli I had meutioned in the preceding Six Books_, and more especially the greater and, as it were, celebrated preparations. For I did not think it proper to treat of all these articles promiscnously, lest it should occasion confusion, but so that any person looking for one or more of the dis- tinguished preparations might easily find it. Towards the end are certain things connected Avith the Composition of Medicines, and of those articles which may be substituted for one another : the whole concluding with an account of Weights and Measures. CONTENTS THE FIRST VOLUME. Advertisement Translator's Preface Author's Preface PAGE V hi xvii FIRST BOOK. SECT. 1. On the Complaints of Pregnant Women, and their Diet. 2. On the Nurse ..... 3. On the Milk of the Nurse 4. How to correct the bad qualities of Milk 5. On the Management of the Infant 6. On the Eruptions of Children 7. On the Cough and Deflimon of Infants 8. On Pruritus ..... 9. On Dentition ..... 10. On Aphthae ..... 11. On Excoriations of the Thighs 12. On Discharges from the Ears 13. On Siriasis ..... 14. The Regimen of Infancy, and of the succeeding ages, until manhood 15. On the Preparatory Friction 16. On Exercises ..... 17. On the kinds of Exercise 1 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 16 ib. lb. 18 19 20 22 xxu CONTENTS. the voice Vomiting . . . . 52 43. On Laxatives and Diuretics to those evacuate Phlegm from the Head — Masticatories, Errhines, and Liniments to the different Seasons . . 73 54. On the Regimen of Persons actively employed . . . 75 55. On the Regimen of Travellers . . . .76 CONTENTS. XXUl SECT. 56. On the Regimen of Persons on board Ship 57. On the means of diminishing Obesity 58. How to recruit those who are emaciated 59. How to remedy emaciated parts of the Body 60. Diagnosis of the best Temperament 61. Diagnosis of the Intemperaments of the Body 62. On the Form of the Head .... 63. The marks of the Temperaments of the Brain 64. The marks of the Temperaments of the Stomach 65. Diagnosis of the Temperaments of the Lungs 66. The marks of the Temperaments of the Heart 67. On the Temperaments of the Liver 68. Diagnosis of the Temperaments of the Testicles 69. On the parts that are omitted 70. The Correction of Hot Intemperaments of the Body 71. The Correction of the Cold Intemperaments of the Body 72. The Cure of the Dry Intemperaments, of the Stomach for example of the other Intemperaments 73. On the Powers of the Articles of Food 74. On Pot-herbs 75. On Asparagi, or young Shoots 76. On things having esculent Roots 77. On Truffles and Mushrooms 78. On the friunentaceous articles of Food 79. On Pulse 80. On the Summer Fruits 81. On the Fruit of Trees 82. On Animals ; and, first, of Fowls 83. On Eggs 84. On Beasts 85. On the parts of Animals. 86. OnMUk. 87. On the Drinking of Milk 88. Curds and Whey 89. On Cheese 90. On Fishes 91. On the Testacea, or Shellfish 92. OntheMoUusca 93. On the Cartilaginous Fishes then PACK 79 80 82 84 ib. 85 87 87 90 93 94 98 100 101 ib. 102 103 106 110 115 116 119 120 124 127 129 138 143 145 149 151 154 155 156 157 166 169 ib. XXIV CONTENTS. SECT. or Honied Water . . . 178 Diocles on the works of Galen and several others. 2. Of the principal considerations to be inquired into with regard to febrile affections .... 3. From Galen, what to call the commencement of the Disease 4. How to know whether the Disease will prove fatal or not 5. How to know if the Disease will be of long dm-ation 6. How to know if the Disease will terminate by a Crisis or by Resolution ..... 7. On Critical Days. .... 8. That Critical Symptoms appearing at the commencement are unfa^ vorable .... 9. How to judge beforehand of a future Crisis 10. How to recognize a present Crisis 11. How to determine whether a past Crisis be favorable 12. On the Pulse, from the works of Galen 13. On the Ahine Discharges .... 14. On the Indications from the Urine 15. On the Indications from the Sputa 16. The Diagnosis and Cure of Ephemeral Fevers 17. Diagnosis of Fevers from Putrefaction 18. The Cure of Putrid Fevers .... 19. The Diagnosis of Tertian Fevers 20. The Cure of Tertian Fevers .... 21. The Cure of Spmious Tertians 22. The Diagnosis of Quai'tans .... 187 188 189 ib. 193 194 ib. 198 ib. 199 201 202 222 224 228 229 235 237 239 241 243 245 CONTENTS. XXV SECT. , PAGE 23. The Cure of Quartans ..... 246 24. The Diagnosis of the Quotidian . . , . 249 25. The Cure of Quotidians ..... 250 26. On the Fever Hepialus, and the Rigor vnthout Heat . . 251 27. On the Continual Fevers .... 253 28. The Diagnosis and Cure of Synochous Fevers . . . 256 29. On the Diagnosis of Ardent Fevers . . . 260 30. The Cure of Ardent Fevers . . . . 262 31. Diagnosis and Cure of Fevers connected with an On the Plague, from the works of RufFus . . . 277 37. On the Treatment of those who are seized with Syncope from crude humours ...... 288 38. Of those who have fallen into Syncope from thin humours . . 291 39. On the other Causes which in Fevers . . . . ib. 45. On the Cure of Stomach affections .... 303 46. On inordinate Chills and Rigors in . .... 314 53. On Thirst ...... 316 54. On Roughness of the Tongue . . . . 318 55. On Constipation and Looseness of the Bowels in Fevers . . 323 59. On trickling of blood and Hemorrhage from the Nose . . 325 60. On deliqiuum animi or Swooning . . . . 327 XXVI CONTENTS. SECT. 61. On the treatment of Ulceration upon the Os Sacrum Appendix to the Commentary on Book Second : On Smallpox and Measles PAGE 329 330 THIRD BOOK. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. On affections of the Hair, Alopecia, Ophiasis, and Baldness For making the Hair curled, and for dyeing it On Pityriasis ..... On Headach ..... On Cephalaea and Hemicrania On Phrenitis ..... On Phlegmon of the Brain On Erysipelas of the Brain .... On Lethargy ..... On Catochus, or Coma Vigil .... On the Loss of Memory and of Reason ; on Cams and Fatuity OnVei-tigo ..... On Epilepsy ..... On MelanchoUa, Mania, and Demoniacs. On Incubus, or Nightmare On Lycaon, or Lycanthropia .... On Love-sick Persons .... On Apoplexy and Hemiplegia, or Paralysis. On Convulsions, or Spasms On Tetanus and its varieties .... On Trembhngs .... On Diseases of the Eye .... On Diseases of the Ear. On Affections of the Nose, and of the Sense of Smell On Affections of the Face On Affections of the Mouth .... On Angina, or Quinsey, and Complaints allied to it, in which the subject of those who have been strangled, or otherwise suffo- cated, is treated of . . .. On Coryza, Catarrh, Affections of the Trachea, and Cough 337 342 345 350 355 359 365 ib. 366 369 372 374 376 383 388 389 391 392 401 403 407 409 437 446 452 454 464 469 CONTENTS. SECT. 65. On Abscess of the Uterus 66. On Ulceration of the Womb 67. On Cancer . . . .. 68. On Scirrhus and Scleroma 69. On the Mole .... 70 On Inflation of the Uterus 71. On Uterine SutFocation, or the Hysterical Convulsion 72. On Prolapsus Uteri 73. On Phimus in the Uterus 74. The Cure of Sterility 75. On Fissures, Condylomata, and Hemorrhoids of the Uterus 76. On Difficult Labour 77. On Ischiatic Disease .... 78. On Gout and Artliritis 79. On Chilblains, and Affections of the Feet and Hands 80. For Corns and Callus 81. On Complaints about the Nails PAGE 623 624 627 629 630 632 633 638 640 641 645 646 652 657 676 678 079 PAULUS J^GINETA. BOOK FIRST. SECT. I. ON THE COMPLAINTS OF PREGNANT WOMEN, AND THEIR DIET. Of the complaints which befal women in a pregnant state, the most troublesome are a redundance of crudities, continued vomiting, salivation, heartburn, and loathing of food; it will therefore be proper to give dii'ections regarding them. The most suitable remedies are, exercise on foot, food not too sweet, wines which are yellow, fragrant, and about five years old, and moderate di'ink. All these things are proper for the cm*e of crudities and vomiting. For medicines, you may give the plant of knot-grass, boiled in water, for drink ; and likewise dill, and the Pontic-root, called Rha, in the dialect of its native country. These things may be taken at a meal,, or before it. Exter- nally, the flowers of the wild \ane, those of the wild or domestic pomegranate, the leaves of the alsanders [smyrnium), and the seed of the fennel, may be mixed together according to pleasure, along with dates and old wine, and applied to the praecordium in the form of a cataplasm. Heartburn may be allcA-iated by drinking warm water, by gentle exercise on foot, and by covering the li\^ocliondrium with soft wool. In the case of those who have an aversion to food, whet then* appetite with a variety of articles of a savory nature, and also give dry starch. This last is particularly serviceable to those who long to eat earth, as is the case in the complaint called Pica, which occurs 1 2 PREGNANT WOMEN : [book r most frequently about the third month after conception ; because the foetus being then weak, cannot consume all the aliment which is brought to the uterus, and hence various superfluities are collected in the stomach ; and therefore they have a desire for complicated and improper articles, such as extinguished coals, Cimolian earth, and many more such things. On that account, the afi'ection has got its appellation, either from the variety of colours which the bird Pica possesses, or from its being subject to this complaint. Labour and long journeys will also contribute to restore a desii'e for wholesome food. But she who has accustomed herself to live in an indo- lent manner, will not be able, when she proves with child, to bear exercise all at once. To those who loathe food, it may be of service to take acrid substances, and particularly mustard. | 26,676 |
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%98%82%E5%BE%B7 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 圣昂德 | https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=圣昂德&action=history | Chinese | Spoken | 15 | 287 | 圣昂德（，）是法国科多尔省的一个市镇，属于蒙巴尔区。
地理
（）面积，位于法国勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大區科多尔省，该省份为法国中东部省份，北起奥布省，西接涅夫勒省和约讷省，南至索恩-卢瓦尔省，东南接汝拉省，东临上索恩省，东北部与上马恩省接壤。
与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
所属的省级选区为。
人口
于时的人口数量为人。
参见
科多尔省市镇列表
参考文献
S | 13,286 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21381602 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Peltula obscurans var. deserticola | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 2,560 | 7,314 | Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola instance of taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxon name Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, taxon author Clifford M. Wetmore, year of publication of scientific name for taxon 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxon rank variety
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola parent taxon Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Index Fungorum taxon ID 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola MycoBank taxon name ID 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola USDA PLANTS ID PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ITIS TSN 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola GBIF taxon ID 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NCBI taxonomy ID 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola iNaturalist taxon ID 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Australian Lichen ID 30022834
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxon author citation (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Open Tree of Life ID 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NBIC taxon ID 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NatureServe Explorer ID 2.126517
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola is een taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola wetenschappelijke naam Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, taxonauteur Clifford M. Wetmore, datum van taxonomische publicatie 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxonomische rang variëteit
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola moedertaxon Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Index Fungorum-identificatiecode voor taxon 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola MycoBank-identificatiecode voor taxonnaam 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola USDA-identificatiecode voor plant PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ITIS-identificatiecode 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola GBIF-identificatiecode 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NCBI-identificatiecode 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola iNaturalist-identificatiecode voor taxon 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Australian Lichen-identificatiecode 30022834
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola citaat van taxonauteur (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Open Tree of Life-identificatiecode 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NBIC-identificatiecode voor taxon 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NatureServe Explorer-identificatiecode 2.126517
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI-identificatiecode C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Varietät der Art Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ist ein(e) Taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola wissenschaftlicher Name Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, Autor(en) des Taxons Clifford M. Wetmore, veröffentlicht im Jahr 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxonomischer Rang Varietät
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola übergeordnetes Taxon Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Index-Fungorum-ID 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola MycoBank-ID 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola USDA-ID PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ITIS-TSN 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola GBIF-ID 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NCBI-ID 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola iNaturalist-Taxon-ID 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Zitation der Autoren des Taxons (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola OTT-ID 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NBIC-Taxon-ID 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola istanza di taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nome scientifico Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, data di descrizione scientifica 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola livello tassonomico varietà
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxon di livello superiore Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificativo Index Fungorum 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificativo MycoBank 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificativo ITIS 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificativo GBIF 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificativo NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificativo iNaturalist taxon 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificativo Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola instancia de taxón
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nombre del taxón Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, autor del taxón Clifford M. Wetmore, fecha de descripción científica 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola categoría taxonómica variedad
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxón superior inmediato Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Index Fungorum 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador MycoBank 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador USDA PLANTS PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador ITIS 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador de taxón en GBIF 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola código de taxón en iNaturalist 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Open Tree of Life 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NBIC taxon ID 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador NatureServe Explorer 2.126517
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nature de l’élément taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nom scientifique du taxon Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, date de description scientifique 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola rang taxonomique variété
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxon supérieur Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identifiant Index Fungorum 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identifiant MycoBank 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identifiant PLANTS Database PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identifiant Système d'information taxinomique intégré 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identifiant Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Identifiant NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identifiant iNaturalist d'un taxon 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identifiant Australian Lichen 30022834
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola citation d'un auteur du taxon (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identifiant Open Tree of Life 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identifiant Artsdatabanken 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identifiant NatureServe Explorer 2.126517
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola екземпляр на таксон
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola име на таксон Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, дата на публикуване на таксон 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ранг на таксон вариетет
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola родителски таксон Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ITIS TSN 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola это частный случай понятия таксон
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola международное научное название Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, дата публикации названия 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola таксономический ранг разновидность
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ближайший таксон уровнем выше Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola код Index Fungorum 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola идентификатор MycoBank 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola код USDA PLANTS PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola код ITIS TSN 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola идентификатор GBIF 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola идентификатор NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola код таксона iNaturalist 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola код Australian Lichen 30022834
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ссылка на авторов таксона (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola код Open Tree of Life 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola код NatureServe Explorer 2.126517
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola код UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola est taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxon nomen Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, annus descriptionis 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ordo varietas
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola parens Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola є одним із таксон
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola наукова назва таксона Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, дата наукового опису 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola таксономічний ранг різновид
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola батьківський таксон Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ідентифікатор Index Fungorum 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ідентифікатор імені таксона MycoBank 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ідентифікатор USDA PLANTS PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola номер у ITIS 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ідентифікатор у GBIF 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ідентифікатор NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ідентифікатор таксона iNaturalist 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ідентифікатор Australian Lichen 30022834
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola посилання на автора таксона (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ідентифікатор Open Tree of Life 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ідентифікатор таксона NBIC 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ідентифікатор NatureServe Explorer 2.126517
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola instancia de taxón
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nome del taxón Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, autor del taxón Clifford M. Wetmore, data de publicación del nome de taxón 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola categoría taxonómica variedá
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxón inmediatamente superior Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador ITIS 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador taxonómicu NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola sampla de tacsón
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ainm an tacsóin Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, bliain inar foilsíodh ainm eolaíoch an tacsóin 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola rang an tacsóin cineál
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola máthairthacsón Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola este un/o taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nume științific Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, anul publicării taxonului 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola rang taxonomic varietate
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxon superior Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificator MycoBank 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificator Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola instância de táxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nome do táxon Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, data de descrição científica 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola categoria taxonómica variedade
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola táxon imediatamente superior Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Index Fungorum 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador de nome de táxon do MycoBank 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola número de série taxonômico do ITIS 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador taxonomia NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola jest to takson
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola naukowa nazwa taksonu Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, data opisania naukowego 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola kategoria systematyczna odmiana
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola takson nadrzędny Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identyfikator Index Fungorum 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identyfikator MycoBank 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identyfikator USDA PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ITIS TSN 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identyfikator GBIF 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identyfikator NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identyfikator iNaturalist 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identyfikator Open Tree of Life 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identyfikator taksonu NBIC 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identyfikator pojęcia w UMLS C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola là một đơn vị phân loại
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola tên phân loại Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, ngày được miêu tả trong tài liệu khoa học 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola cấp bậc phân loại thứ
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola đơn vị phân loại mẹ Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ID Index Fungorum 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ID USDA PLANTS PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola TSN ITIS 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola định danh GBIF 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola mã số phân loại NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ID ĐVPL iNaturalist 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola instancë e takson
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola emri shkencor Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ITIS-TSN 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola esiintymä kohteesta taksoni
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola tieteellinen nimi Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, tieteellisen kuvauksen päivämäärä 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taksonitaso muunnos
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola osa taksonia Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Index Fungorum -tunniste 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola MycoBank-tunniste 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola USDA PLANTS-tunniste PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ITIS-tunnistenumero 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Global Biodiversity Information Facility -tunniste 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NCBI-tunniste 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola iNaturalist-tunniste 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taksonin auktoriviittaus (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Open Tree of Life -tunniste 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NBIC-taksonitunniste 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola instancia de taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nome do taxon Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, data de descrición científica 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola categoría taxonómica Variedade
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxon superior inmediato Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Index Fungorum 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador MycoBank 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador USDA PLANTS PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador ITIS 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador GBIF 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador iNaturalist dun taxon 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Australian Lichen 30022834
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Open Tree of Life 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Artsdatabanken 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador NatureServe Explorer 2.126517
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola instantia de taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nomine del taxon Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, data de description scientific 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola rango taxonomic varietate
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxon superior immediate Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ID NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola natura de l'element taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nom scientific Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, data de descripcion scientifica 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola reng taxonomic varietat
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxon superior Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificant USDA PLANTS PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificant ITIS 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificant GBIF 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificant NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificant de taxon iNaturalist 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola instància de tàxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nom científic Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, data de descripció científica 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola categoria taxonòmica varietat
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola tàxon superior immediat Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Index Fungorum de tàxon 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador MycoBank 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador USDA PLANTS PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador ITIS 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador GBIF 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador iNaturalist de tàxon 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Australian Lichen 30022834
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola citació tàxon-autor (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Open Tree of Life 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador Artsdatabanken 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador NatureServe Explorer 2.126517
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola estas taksono
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taksonomia nomo Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taksonomia rango vario
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola supera taksono Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Index Fungorum numero 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ITIS-TSN 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taksonomia identigilo NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola numero en iNaturalist 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola citaĵo de taksona aŭtoro (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola instância de táxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola nome taxológico Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, data de descrição científica 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola categoria taxonômica Variedade
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola táxon imediatamente superior Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador ITIS 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador GBIF 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola identificador NCBI 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola instancia de Taxón
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola honako hau da taxon
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola izen zientifikoa Peltula obscurans var. deserticola, deskribapen zientifikoaren data 1970
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola maila taxonomikoa barietate
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola goiko maila taxonomikoa Peltula obscurans
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Index Fungorum identifikatzailea 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola MycoBank identifikatzailea 350821
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola USDA PLANTS identifikatzailea PEOBD
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola ITIS-en identifikadorea 191796
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola GBIFen identifikatzailea 2587144
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NCBI-ren identifikatzailea 2029698
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola iNaturalist identifikatzailea 242034
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola taxonaren autore baten aipua (Zahlbr.) Wetmore
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola Open Tree of Life identifikatzailea 5452349
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NBIC identifikatzailea 75747
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola NatureServe Explorer identifikatzailea 2.126517
Peltula obscurans var. deserticola UMLS CUI C5759996 | 47,951 |
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Vendel%C3%A9e | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | La Vendelée | https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La Vendelée&action=history | Polish | Spoken | 54 | 123 | La Vendelée – miejscowość i gmina we Francji, w regionie Normandia, w departamencie Manche.
Według danych na rok 1990 gminę zamieszkiwało 359 osób, a gęstość zaludnienia wynosiła 71 osób/km² (wśród 1815 gmin Dolnej Normandii La Vendelée plasuje się na 541. miejscu pod względem liczby ludności, natomiast pod względem powierzchni na miejscu 880.).
Bibliografia
Vendelée | 29,941 |
https://github.com/Carleslc/kotlin-extensions/blob/master/src/main/kotlin/me/carleslc/kotlinextensions/time/TimeUnitFormatter.kt | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,023 | kotlin-extensions | Carleslc | Kotlin | Code | 197 | 554 | package me.carleslc.kotlinextensions.time
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
open class TimeUnitFormatter protected constructor(val day: String,
val days: String = day,
val hour: String,
val hours: String = day,
val minute: String,
val minutes: String = minute,
val second: String,
val seconds: String = second,
val millisecond: String,
val milliseconds: String = millisecond,
val microsecond: String,
val microseconds: String = microsecond,
val nanosecond: String,
val nanoseconds: String = nanosecond) {
companion object Defaults {
val SHORT by lazy { TimeUnitFormatter(day = "d", hour = "h", minute = "m", second = "s", millisecond = "ms", microsecond = "us", nanosecond = "ns") }
val LONG by lazy { TimeUnitFormatter("day", "days", "hour", "hours", "minute", "minutes", "second", "seconds", "millisecond", "milliseconds", "microsecond", "microseconds", "nanosecond", "nanoseconds") }
}
open fun format(value: Long, unit: TimeUnit) = "$value ${get(value, unit)} "
open fun formatLast(value: Number, unit: TimeUnit) = format(value.toLong(), unit)
protected fun get(value: Long, unit: TimeUnit): String {
val isPlural = Math.abs(value) != 1L
fun get(singular: String, plural: String) = if (isPlural) plural else singular
return when (unit) {
TimeUnit.DAYS -> get(day, days)
TimeUnit.HOURS -> get(hour, hours)
TimeUnit.MINUTES -> get(minute, minutes)
TimeUnit.SECONDS -> get(second, seconds)
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS -> get(millisecond, milliseconds)
TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS -> get(microsecond, microseconds)
TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS -> get(nanosecond, nanoseconds)
}
}
}
| 5,549 |
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoniometr | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Qoniometr | https://az.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qoniometr&action=history | Azerbaijani | Spoken | 180 | 715 | Qoniometr (yunanca gonio-bucaq +... metr) - kristalın üzləri arasındakı bucaqları ölçmək üçün cihaz. İki növü var: tətbiqi qoniometr və əksedici qoniometr. Tətbiqi qoniometr qoniometr transportir və onun mərkəzinə bərkidilmiş sərbəst fırlanan xətkeşdən ibarətdir. Tətbiqi qoniometrlə (1782-ci ildə fransız alimi Karanjo ixtira etmişdir) böyük ölçülü kristallar, əksedici qoniometrlə nisbətən kiçik ölçülü kristallar üzərində ölçmə aparılır. Əksedici qoniometrlər bir və ya iki dairəli olur. Birdairəli əksedici qoniometri 1809-cu ildə ingilis alimi U.H.Vollaston, ikidairəlini isə 1890-cı ildə rus alimi Y.S.Fyodorov ixtira etmişdir. Birdairəli qoniometrdə kristal limbin mərkəzindən keçən fırlanan oxa bərkidilir və tərpənməz işıq mənbəyindən yönəldilmiş pralel şüa dəstəsi işıqlandırılır. Üzlərdən əks olunan şüalar növbə ilə tərpənməz üfüqi müşahidə borusuna daxil olur. İxtiyari üzdən əks olunmuş şüaları müşahidə etdikdə limbdən götürülmüş ölçülər arasındakı fərq müvafiq üzlər arasındakı bucağı 180°-yə tamamlayır. İkidairəli qoniometrdə üfüqi və şaquli limblər olur. Bu qoniometrlə üzlərin sferik koordinatları ölçülür və buna əsasən istənilən bucaq müəyyən edilir. Səmtləşdirilmiş şliflərin hazırlanmasında, təbii üzləri olmayan kristallik cisimlərdə kristalloqrafik istiqamətləri tapmaq üçün, rentgen-struktur təhlildə və antropometriyada (klinik tətqiqatlarda) lazımi bucaqları ölçmək məqsədilə xüsusi qoniometrlərdən istifadə edilir.
Mənbə
Azərbaycan Sovet Ensiklopediyası. Bakı: 1979.
Cihazlar | 3,454 |
https://github.com/bnfhack/cataviz/blob/master/suggest.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,017 | cataviz | bnfhack | PHP | Code | 96 | 296 | <?php
header('Content-type: application/javascript; charset=utf-8');
include ( dirname(__FILE__).'/frtr.php' );
include ( dirname(__FILE__).'/Cataviz.php' );
$db = new Cataviz( "databnf.sqlite" );
$q = @$_REQUEST['q'];
if (!$q) return;
$sort = strtr( $q, $frtr );
$time = microtime(true);
$qpers = $db->prepare("SELECT code, family, given, docs FROM person WHERE sort >= ? AND sort <= ? ORDER BY docs DESC LIMIT 20"); //
$qpers->execute( array($sort, $sort.'~') );
echo "[\n";
while ( $pers = $qpers->fetch( PDO::FETCH_ASSOC ) ) {
$label = $pers['family'];
if ($pers['given']) $label .= ', '.$pers['given'];
echo ' ["'.$label.' ('.$pers['docs'].')","'.$pers['code'].'"],'."\n";
}
echo "]\n";
echo "// ".number_format(microtime(true) - $time, 3)."s. ";
?>
| 2,515 |
https://github.com/ScripterRon/MyMoney/blob/master/src/main/java/org/ScripterRon/MyMoney/PriceUpdate.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,020 | MyMoney | ScripterRon | Java | Code | 1,007 | 2,492 | /**
* Copyright 2005-2017 Ronald W Hoffman
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.ScripterRon.MyMoney;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* Update the current price for all securities that are not hidden. The
* current stock prices will be obtained from Yahoo! using an existing
* internet connection.
*
* The current price history will be cleaned by keeping just one price per quarter
* except for the current month.
*/
public final class PriceUpdate extends JDialog implements ActionListener {
/** Parent frame */
private final JFrame parent;
/** Worker thread */
private final Thread worker;
/**
* Create a price update instance
*
* @param parent Parent frame
*/
public PriceUpdate(JFrame parent) {
super(parent, "Update Prices", true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
this.parent = parent;
//
// Create the Cancel button
//
JPanel buttonPane = new JPanel();
buttonPane.setOpaque(false);
JButton button = new JButton("Cancel");
button.setActionCommand("cancel");
button.addActionListener(this);
buttonPane.add(button);
//
// Set up the content pane
//
JPanel contentPane = new JPanel();
contentPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(contentPane, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
contentPane.setOpaque(true);
contentPane.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(30, 30, 30, 30));
contentPane.add(new JLabel("Getting security prices from http://download.finance.yahoo.com"));
contentPane.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(45));
contentPane.add(buttonPane);
setContentPane(contentPane);
//
// Create a worker thread to do the actual work (we don't want to tie up
// the AWT event dispatching thread)
//
worker = new WorkerThread(this);
}
/**
* Update prices using an existing internet connection
*
* @param parent Parent frame
*/
public static void onlineUpdate(JFrame parent) {
//
// Create the price update dialog
//
PriceUpdate update = new PriceUpdate(parent);
//
// Start the worker thread. The worker thread will dispatch our
// ActionListener method when it is done.
//
update.worker.start();
//
// Display the status dialog
//
update.pack();
update.setLocationRelativeTo(parent);
update.setVisible(true);
}
/**
* Action performed (ActionListener interface)
*
* @param ae Action event
*/
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
//
// Process the action command
//
// "update complete" - Stock price update completed
// "update failed" - Stock price update failed (the event source is the
// Exception describing the failure)
// "cancel" - Update canceled by the user
//
try {
switch (ae.getActionCommand()) {
case "update complete":
setVisible(false);
dispose();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(parent, "Price update complete",
"Update Prices", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
break;
case "update failed":
setVisible(false);
dispose();
Main.logException("Price update failed", (Exception)ae.getSource());
break;
case "cancel":
worker.interrupt();
break;
}
} catch (Exception exc) {
Main.logException("Exception while processing action event", exc);
}
}
/**
* Worker thread to update the security prices
*/
private final class WorkerThread extends Thread {
/** Action listener */
private final ActionListener listener;
/** Current exception */
private Exception exception;
/** Map ticker symbol to security record */
private final Map<String,SecurityRecord> symbols;
/**
* Create a new worker thread
*
* @param listener ActionListener to be notified when done
*/
public WorkerThread(ActionListener listener) {
super();
this.listener = listener;
symbols = new HashMap<>(SecurityRecord.securities.size()*2);
}
/**
* Run the executable code for the thread
*/
@Override
public void run() {
//
// Get the current year, month and quarter
//
GregorianCalendar cal = new GregorianCalendar();
cal.setTime(Main.getCurrentDate());
int month = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH);
int year = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
//
// Get the ticker symbols for all securities that are not hidden
// and clean up the price history elements
//
StringBuilder urlString = new StringBuilder(256);
urlString.append("http://download.finance.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv?s=");
boolean addPlus = false;
for (SecurityRecord s : SecurityRecord.securities) {
//
// Skip securities without a ticker symbol
//
String symbol = s.getSymbol();
if (symbol.length() == 0)
continue;
//
// Clean up the price history entries keeping one entry for
// each quarter. However, do not delete stock split entries.
//
SortedSet<PriceHistory> phs = s.getPriceHistory();
Iterator<PriceHistory> it = phs.iterator();
int lastYear = 0;
int lastQuarter = 0;
while (it.hasNext()) {
PriceHistory ph = it.next();
cal.setTime(ph.getDate());
int currentYear = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
int currentMonth = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH);
int currentQuarter = (currentMonth/3)+1;
if (currentYear == year && currentMonth == month)
break;
if (currentYear == lastYear && currentQuarter == lastQuarter) {
if (ph.getSplitRatio() == 0.0) {
it.remove();
Main.dataModified = true;
}
} else {
lastQuarter = currentQuarter;
lastYear = currentYear;
}
}
//
// Don't update the price for a hidden security
//
if (s.isHidden())
continue;
//
// Add the security ticker symbol to the URL
//
if (addPlus)
urlString.append("+");
urlString.append(s.getSymbol());
symbols.put(symbol, s);
addPlus = true;
}
urlString.append("&f=sod1");
//
// Get the price quotes from Yahoo!
//
InputStream in = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(urlString.toString());
in = url.openStream();
fileUpdate(in);
} catch (Exception exc) {
exception = exc;
} finally {
try {
if (in != null)
in.close();
} catch (Exception rexc) {
Main.logException("Unable to close URL stream", rexc);
}
}
//
// Notify the price update dialog that we are done. This must be done
// on the event dispatch thread.
//
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ActionEvent ae;
if (exception == null)
ae = new ActionEvent(this, ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED,
"update complete");
else
ae = new ActionEvent(exception, ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED,
"update failed");
listener.actionPerformed(ae);
}
});
}
/**
* Update the security prices using a CSV file
*
* The first field is the ticker symbol enclosed in quotes, the second
* field is the current stock price and the third field is the date enclosed
* in quotes.
*/
private void fileUpdate(InputStream in) throws IOException, ParseException {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(in);
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\"([^\"]*)\",(\\d+\\.?\\d*)");
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
if (scanner.findInLine(pattern) != null) {
MatchResult result = scanner.match();
String symbol = result.group(1);
double price = Double.valueOf(result.group(2));
SecurityRecord s = symbols.get(symbol);
if (s != null) {
PriceHistory ph = new PriceHistory(price);
SortedSet<PriceHistory> priceHistory = s.getPriceHistory();
priceHistory.remove(ph);
priceHistory.add(ph);
Main.dataModified = true;
}
}
scanner.nextLine();
}
}
}
}
| 45,887 |
cu31924030933927_12 | English-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,921 | The founding of New England | Adams, James Truslow, 1878-1949 | English | Spoken | 6,674 | 9,150 | 'Gardiner, "Relation," pp. 143, 144, H^- 202 THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND the English along the river, Massachusetts now asked help of Plymouth, as she had before turned to Williams. That colony- agreed to lend aid, but in doing so, recalled to her stronger neighbor how she had refused help against the French when the Pilgrims were the petitioners; how she had interfered with their trade on the Kennebec ; and how she had deprived their Connecticut pioneers of their lands/ But the settlers on the latter river could not await the slow movements of the Bay Colony, if the lives of their wives and children were to be saved. At the Connecticut General Court of May I, 1637, war was declared against the Pequots, and ninety men, from the three plantations, were levied for imme- diate service.'' The expedition, under command of Captain John Mason, with some Indian auxiliaries under Uncas, im- mediately proceeded to Saybrook, where they were joined by Underbill, who happened to be there, and a few additional men.^ A skirmish, in which the Indians, whose fidelity had been doubted, acquitted themselves loyally, encouraged them not a little. The original plan had been to sail down the coast to the Pequot River and to attack the enemy directly, but this was wisely changed at the suggestion of Mason. Accord- ing to the new plans, the party set sail for Narragansett Bay, with the design of then returning overland, and making a surprise attack on the Pequots, who were expecting it from the water. After landing on the shore of the Bay, and being reinforced by several hundred Narragansetts, Mason marched his band from eight in the morning until an hour after dark, when they camped about two miles from the Pequot fort. It had been decided to attack only the larger of the two villages, a palisadoed enclosure of an acre or two." About one o'clock, the English were on the march again, but were deserted by all the Indians, Narragansetts and Mohegans alike, before reach- ' Bradford, Plymouth, pp. 352/.; J. Winthrop, History, vol. i, pp. 260/. " Conn. Col. Records, vol. i, p. 9. 'The accounts do not agree. Cf. Mason, "A brief History of the Pequot War," Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Series II, vol. viii, p. 134; Underhill, "Newes from New England," p. 16; Gardiner, "Relation," p. 149. < Mason, "Brief History," p. 137; P. Vincent, "A true Relation," Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Series III, vol. vi, p. 38. THE GROWTH OF A FRONTIER 203 ing the fort. The palisade having two entrances, opposite one another, it was agreed that two parties, led respectively, by Mason and Underhill, should make simultaneous attacks upon them. In spite of the fact that the Indians had been warned, by the barking of their dogs, of the approach of the enemy, Mason boldly jumped over the brush piled at the en- trance, and was followed by his men. The other party also entered at the opposite side, and the slaughter of the dazed and half-awakened savages began. Seeing, however, that the resistance might prove too much for his men. Mason snatched a torch from a wigwam and set fire to the village, which, owing to the strong wind blowing, was soon ablaze. The "English now had only to withdraw, and to shoot any wretched savage who attempted to climb over the palisade. In the early dawn of that May morning, as the New England men stood guard over the flames, five hundred men, women, and children were slowly burned alive.^ Not over eight escaped, and there were but seven captives. The English lost two killed and twenty wounded. It is difficult to imagine what thoughts must have been in the minds of the Puritans as they slowly roasted the Indian women and children. Mason merely notes that, by the providence of God, there were one hundred and fifty more savages than usual in the village that night. The English, carrying their wounded, retreated to the ships, — which fortunately had come into Pequot Harbor, — as the savages from the smaller village were hampering their move- ments. With the vessels had also arrived Captain Patrick and forty men from Massachusetts, that colony having voted one hundred and sixty, and Plymouth sixty, although too late to take part in the expedition. The bulk of the Pequot nation was now destroyed, and it remained only to make an end of the few hundred who had thus far escaped. Sassacus, the sachem, being repudiated by his own followers, fled with sev- enty warriors to the Mohawks, and the English indefatigably 'Mason says 600 to 700 ("Brief History," p. 141); Underhill, 400 ("Newes from New England," p. 2j); Gardiner, 300 ("Relation," p. 150). Mason's account through- out is the most accurate. 204 THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND ran down detached parties. In a swamp twenty miles from the Dutch line, eighty of the Pequots' "stoutest men," with two hundred old people, women, and children, made a last stand. After being subjected to the fire of the English for some hours, the two hundred non-combatants surrendered, while the warriors fought to the last man, twenty finally escaping through the surrounding lines. The other savages turned against the all but annihilated Pequots, and "happy were they," wrote Mason, "that could bring in their heads to the English: Of which there came almost daily to Windsor or Hartford." In all, during the campaign, over seven hundred were killed or made captive.^ Of the prisoners some were divided between Uncas and the Narragansetts, while the rest were kept by the English, or sold into bondage in the West Indies.^ In the division of this human spoil, the clergy took its part. "Sir," wrote the Reverend Mr. Peter to Governor Winthrop, "Mr. Endecot and myself salute you in the Lord Jesus. Wee have heard of a dividence of women and children in the bay and would bee glad of a share viz: a young woman or girle and a boy if you thinke good. I wrote to you for some boyes for Bermudas, which I thinke is considerable." ^ Fifteen boys and two women were sent thither as slaves, but whether for the profit of the Reverend Peter, Winthrop does not say. Roger Williams pleaded over and over again, but in vain, with the Massa- chusetts authorities for a more lenient course. • " Since the Most High delights in mercy, and great revenge hath bene allready taken," he advised incorporating the survivors among the friendly Indians; but though, only a short time before, the Massachusetts authorities had been pleading with Williams to save themselves, they now turned a deaf ear to his inter- cession for the natives.'' The Narragansetts and Mohegans ' Massachusetts Records, vol. i, p. 192; Plymouth Records, vol. 1, p. 60; Mason, "Brief History," pp. 141,148; J. Winthrop, /Ifu/or)', vol. i, p. 279. " Ibid., vol. I, p. 279. 3 Mass. Hist. Sac. Coll., Series IV, vol. vi, p. 95. *Ibid., p. 225. Other quotations from Williams and others are conveniently gathered in G. H. Moore, Notes on the History of Slavery in Massachusetts (New York, 1866), pp. i-io. ?a ^.^' -5 Kr -^ ii .xTr-'. ^ 's E ^ -^ f - ; ^Irl ^ S.-sl^^^i J-;" ■■-■ 1^^5: A ^i^?1ckb^-; <^ A ?. n f: VS ' ^^ ,f- -d C o S g ? o p THE GROWTH OF A FRONTIER 205 were both anxious to adopt the few survivors of their powerful enemies, according to Indian custom, so that Williams's sug- gestions were as practicable as they were merciful. Two hundred were finally so allotted by Connecticut, when the last remnants of the Pequots submitted and the River plantations entered into a treaty with Uncas and Miantanomo.' From the end of the Pequot war, all the New England colonies adopted not only Indian but negro slavery, and it was wholly due to economic, and not ethical, causes that the institution did not take root. In the one small locality in all New Eng- land where it proved profitable, it did so root itself, and the importing of slaves for use in the other colonies long consti- tuted an important part of Puritan trade."" The contest between the English and the Indians had been inevitable from the start. The murders of the two traders were but the sparks that touched off the explosive material which had long been accumulating. The struggle, with vary- ing details and proximate causes, but based upon the un- changing fundamental conflict of the natures and economic interests of the two races, was to be repeated over and over again as the American frontier advanced. Endicott's stupid campaign, and, perhaps the too thorough absorption of Old Testament examples, had made the struggle almost inhumanly bloody in the first advance of that frontier in New England. The effect, however, v/as complete. It was to be nearly forty years before the savages regained sufficient strength, and found a leader to attempt again to dispute the relentless ad- vance of the Puritan planters 'Text in E. R. Potter, "Early History of Narragansett"; Rhode Island Historical Society Collections, vol. in, pp. 177/. 'E. Channing, The Narragansett Planters (J. H. U. S., 1886), p. 10; W. E. B. DuBois, The Suppression of the African Slave Trade (Harvard Univ. Press, 1916), pp. 27/. CHAPTER IX ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY NEW ENGLAND As a result of the complete crushing of the power of the Pequots their whole country was opened to peaceful settle- ment, and the extension of the frontier in that direction be- came rapid. Within about two years from the signing of the treaty with the savages, the foundations were laid of Guil- ford, New Haven, Milford, Stratford, Fairfield, Norwalk, and Stamford along the Sound, and of Southampton and Southold on the eastern end of Long Island, thus making a continuous line of English settlement up to the Dutch boundary, if not, indeed, within it/ For its size, New Haven was undoubtedly the wealthiest colony in New England, its assessed valuation, the year after it was planted, having been £33,000, or the present equiva- lent of, perhaps, #700,000.^ Its founders, under the leadership of the Reverend John Davenport, a Nonconformist London clergyman, and Theophilus Eaton, a schoolmate of his, had arrived in the early summer of 1637, just in time to take part in the Antinomian controversy and the taxes for the Pequot war. Mr. Davenport was requested to contribute to the former, and Mr. Eaton to the latter.' Their company was a distinguished one, including several other wealthy London merchants besides Eaton; five ministers; four school-teachers, among whom was the first president of Harvard; the father of Elihu Yale, the founder of Yale University; and Michael Wigglesworth, the "lurid morning star" of New England ' The Southampton settlers at first tried to plant well within it, but were forced out by the Dutch. CJ. N. Y. Col. Docts., vols, ii, pp. US ff., and xiv, pp. 30/.; Adams, History of Southampton, pp. 48 f. ' Estimated from entry in Records of the Colony and Plantation of New Htuin (Hartford, 1857), p. 25. Hereafter cited as New Haven Records. 3 J. Winthrop, History, vol. i, pp. 271^.; Massachusetts Records, vol. i, pp. 210, M5' ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY NEW ENGLAND 207 verse.' Both Davenport and Eaton had been, for some years, members of the Massachusetts Bay Company, and that com- pany's colony made great efforts to retain the new body of settlers within its own bounds. While the leaders took under consideration the various offers made to them, they either found them unsatisfactory, or had already determined to establish an independent colony of their own.^ After Eaton had examined the country around Quinnipiack, it was decided to plant there, and seven men were left to guard the site dur- ing the winter, the whole company following in the spring. Not only were the resources of the colonists unusually ample, but their preparations seem to have been exceptionally com- plete, and the little town soon contained the most stately dwellings in all New England. Some idea of their scale may be gained from the reputed presence in Davenport's of thir- teen fireplaces, and of nineteen in Eaton's.^ The intention, apparently, was not only to found a Puritan state, but to have it become the chief mercantile centre of the New World, which accounts for their having built, as one of their Massachusetts critics wrote, " as if trade and merchandize had been as insep- arably annexed to them as the shadow is to the body, in the shining of the sun." " One' disaster followed another in their business ventures, however, and the dreams of the merchant- founders were never realized. Davenport and most of his company were not only Puritans, but of the strictest sect, and the Bible Commonwealth which they proceeded to form was of the most extreme type. Like the Connecticut and Rhode Island people, they were without a charter, and were mere squatters upon the soil; but in June, 1639, a meeting was held of the "free planters," to discuss a frame of government to replace a previously signed planta- tion covenant, now lost. We have no knowledge of what constituted a "free planter," but the term undoubtedly ex- - C. H. Levermore, Republic of New Haven (J. H. U. S., 1886), p. 8; E. E. Atwater, History of Colony of New Haven (New Haven, 1881), pp. 112/. » J. Winthrop, History, vol. i, p. 283; letter from Davenport and Eaton to Massa- chusetts, Bulletin New York Public Library, 1899, pp. 393/. 3 Atwater, New Haven, pp. 393 /• * Hubbard, History of New_England, p. 334. 2o8 THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND eluded a large number of males in the settlement. The pro- ceedings took the form of queries put by Mr. Davenport, upon which those present voted by raising hands. As a result of unanimous votes at this meeting, the fundamental agreement provided that the franchise should be restricted to church members, and that the free planters should choose twelve men, to whom should be intrusted the sole right of selecting from among the rest of the colonists those who should become church members and freemen, and who were to have the power of appointing magistrates from among themselves, of making and repealing laws, and, in fact, of performing all public duties.'' This was legalizing the most extreme claims of the Massachusetts oligarchy. Only one voice, apparently that of Eaton, was raised to protest " that free planters ought not to give this power out of their hands"; but he was, of course, overruled. Four months later, at the October court, it was further voted that " the worde of God shall be the only rule to be attended unto in ordering the affayres of govern- ment in this plantation." ^ As had been the case in Connect- icut, no mention had been made of allegiance to England; but in this additional step, the new colony swept away all obligation to observe the common and statute laws of the mother-country. The conflicting texts of the Bible, as arbi- trarily chosen and interpreted by the small self-perpetuating group of rulers, became the only laws that might safeguard, or hazard, the rights of dwellers in New Haven and the affili- ated church-towns which soon sprang up. The reactionary thought of the framers of these fundamental orders, however, was to be without appreciable influence upon the growth of colonial political theory as then developing; for New Haven was to have only a quarter of a century of independent but unimportant life before being absorbed by Connecticut, while a more and more democratic tendency was manifesting itself in all the colonies, even in Massachusetts. The effects of the frontier life, and of the distance separat- ing England from her colonies, were already beginning to ' New Haven Records, vol. i, pp. i\ ff. ' Ibid., p. 21. ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY NEW ENGLAND 209 show themselves strongly. The semi-independent communi- ties which had been established in Rhode Island, Connecti- cut, and New Haven were entirely without legal authority; and the two latter, in their "constitutions," had utterly ig- nored the existence of any power outside of themselves. The situation was not wholly overlooked in England, but as the crisis in public affairs there was rapidly drawing near, the au- thorities were helpless to interfere. A new demand for the return of the Massachusetts charter, when flatly refused by that colony in 1638,' could not be followed by any show of force; and during the next twenty- two years — which were those of the Civil War, the fall of the Stuart monarchy, and the reign of Cromwell — the New England colonies pursued their way almost wholly without reference to the power of England. The influence of the frontier was being felt in their domestic concerns as well. Although the most aggressively radical of the inhabitants of Massachusetts had, perhaps, gone to the other colonies, there to establish themselves in greater freedom, the struggle of the citizens continued, nevertheless, against the arbitrary power of their government. From the first, the body of magistrates had acted in a judicial, as well as an execu- tive, capacity. The only rule by which they were guided is indicated by a resolution in the General Court of 1636, which provided that they should "determine all causes according to the lawes nowe established, and where there is noe law, then as neere the lawe of God as they can." ^ As English law, in many cases, was not justly applicable, and as, in others, it was largely neglected, this really meant the comparatively few laws already enacted in the colony, and the same arbitrary selection and interpretation of Old Testament texts that we have just noted in New Haven. As the magistrates acted as both attorneys and judges, and as no appeals were permitted from their decisions, no accused person had any protection •T Winthrop, History, vol. i, p. 324; ^''^ P^^y Council Colonial Jo\. i, pp. a.7, 227/rHutchinson: Woa, vol. I, pp. 84/., 442/..- Hazard. H.smcal Col- lections, vol. i, pp. 43^/. ' Massachusetts Records, vol. i, p. I75' 2IO THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND against them. Anyone, therefore, who might be obnoxious to the ruling powers on account of his views, could not hope for justice; and the so-called trials of Mrs. Hutchinson, Wheel- wright, and other notable offenders, were, in reality, not trials at all, but "relentless inquisitions used by the government for the purpose of crushing opposition." ' That condition was not, indeed, peculiar to Massachusetts, and was probably just as true of contemporary England. It was Hooker's glory in Connecticut to have raised his voice, as the leader of that colony, to plead for a legal restraint upon this arbitrary exer- cise of the judicial power of government, and for the creation of a body of fundamental law. In 1639, a committee was ap- pointed in that colony for the purpose of drawing up such a code. The same had been formally demanded in Massachu- setts even earlier, but there the wishes of the people had been steadily opposed by their leaders. While the Massachusetts trials of the type just noted were exceptional, and in general, when passions were not aroused, the ordinary course of justice was fairly equitable, neverthe- less, the entire absence of any restraint upon the unbridled will of the magistrates was a source of apprehension to the more serious thinking and liberty-loving residents of Massa- chusetts, outside the ring of authority. Not only was any opposition to the course pursued by the government liable to result in banishment, with the complete uprooting of a man's hfe, and perhaps the financial ruin of himself and his family, but in trivial matters all the inhabitants, and more particu- larly, of course, the four fifths who were not church members, were liable to constant interference by the authorities. Such a law, for example, as that declaring that whosoever should "spend his time idlely or unproffitably" should suffer such penalty "as the court shall thinke meete to inflicte"^ was typical, both in its utter lack of definition of the nature of the crime, and in its failure to specify the penalty to be incurred by the criminal. ' Osgood, American Colonies, vol. i, p. 189. 'Massachusetts Records, vol. i, p, 109. ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY NEW ENGLAND 211 In spite of the demands of the people in Massachusetts, however, it was not until 1640 that a draft of a fundamental law seems to have really been considered. The clergy and most of the magistrates had been opposed to any limitation of arbitrary authority, and had fought the requests with what their modern defender has called the weapon of "a good- natured procrastination," but which may have worn another aspect to some at the time/ Finally, in 1641, an Abstract of Laws, or Body of Liberties, was passed, which marked a dis- tinct step forward, though by no means assuring full protec- tion. One draft, which was not, however, accepted, was based entirely upon Bible texts, of which, characteristically, but two were drawn from the New Testament and forty-six from the Old.^" Additional safeguards were required, and four years later, the whole discussion as to specific penalties for specific offenses was again reopened. The clergy and Win- throp still opposed any limitation upon judicial authority, the Governor, indeed, going so far as to say that God had made specific penalties only in certain cases, and as "judges are Gods upon earth," their power should not be more limited than his — which might be denominated strong doctrine.^ In spite of all opposition, howerer, a new code, based in part upon the, Body of Liberties, was finally secured and printed in 1648, twenty years after the first demand, and ten after Hooker's famous sermon at Hartford.'' The antagonism to the power of the magistrates was mani- fested also by new episodes in the struggle between them and the more democratic deputies, which we noted as beginning at the time of the Connecticut emigration. A dispute over the ownership of a sow, between a poor widow and a rich man ' Palfrey, History, vol. ii, p. 22. For earlier efforts to secure its passage, cf. Massa- chusetts Records, vol. i, pp. 174, 222, 279, 292; J. Winthrop, History, vol. i, pp. 191, 240. " Cf. Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Series I, vol. v, pp. 171 £. The Body as passed is in Ibid., Series III, vol. viii, pp. 216^. 'Massachusetts Records, vol. 11,, pp. 92#.; "Arbitrary Government Described," in R. C. Winthrop, J. Winthrop, vol. i, p. 448. Cf. also J. Winthrop, History, vols. 1, pp. 388/., and n, pp. 67/. < Massachusetts Records, vol. 11, pp 61, 168, 262. 212 THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND notorious for his unjust business dealings, was finally brought to the General Court for decision. The evidence was by no means convincing, and the Court was divided, with a majority of the magistrates in favor of a verdict for the rich Keaynes, and a majority of the deputies in favor of the poor widow. The point was thus raised again as to whether the small number of magistrates, by a negative vote, could block the will of the much larger body of deputies.' Winthrop wrote a treatise on the question, appealing to certain English precedents and the Old Testament, and stated that, if the magistrates were not allowed to veto the action of the deputies, the colony would be a democracy and "there was no such government in Israel." ^ So implacably did the grim shades of Moses and Aaron block the paths of Boston Common. The magistrates, in view of the strong opposition that developed, offered to leave the matter to the clergy, and to give way if the decision were adverse. They knew, of course, that it would not be so, and Winthrop records that it was " their only care to gain time," until the people could be brought to the heel of their clerical leaders as usual. As part of the plan, the members of the Court were asked to take advice before the next meeting; and it is interesting as showing the normal danger for the ordinary citizen in discussing public matters, that a special act should be thought necessary making it "no offence for any, either publicly or privately, to declare their opinion in the case, so it were modestly." ^ The following year, a compromise was effected, which, however, was distinctly in favor of the magis- trates; and thereafter the deputies and the magistrates sat as two separate houses, each with a negative vote on the other."" Another incident in the struggle, which soon occurred, in- volved both the question of the power of the local government over the colonists, and the relations of the colony to the home government in England. In 1644, it was suggested to the General Court that the condition of the large number of un- ' J. Winthrop, History, vols, i, pp. 377/., and 11, pp. 83^., 142/. " The essay is given in R. C. Winthrop, 7. Winthrop, vol. 11, pp. 427 #. 3 J. Winthrop, History, vol. u, p. 143. < Missachusetts Records, vol. u, pp. 58/. ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY NEW ENGLAND 213 represented inhabitants be improved by increasing the civil privileges that a citizen might possess without being a church member, such privileges then being limited, apparently, to a small share in local town business/ Nothing, however, was done, and two years later, a petition signed by a Dr. Robert Child, Samuel Maverick, and five others was presented, re- citing that there were many thousands in the colony who were debarred from all participation in government, although .they paid taxes and were subject to military and other duties. Child was a newcomer, "a gentleman and a scholar," and a graduate of the University of Padua. Maverick was the richest of the "old planters," and the only freeman who was not a church member — a privilege which he owed to the circumstances connected with the first planting of the colony, as already related. Thomas Fowie, another of the signers, was a merchant; while yet another, David Yale, was a man of property, and both a stepson of Theophilus Eaton of New Haven and a brother-in-law of Governor Hopkins of Connecticut. At this very time, he was acting as attorney for * the Earl of Warwick.^ The motives of the signers may not have been wholly disinterested, but the effort to make out that they were persons of no importance in the colony has been overdone.^ The petitioners desired that "members of the church of England, not scandalous in their lives and conversations," be admitted to the churches, and that "civil liberty and freedom be forthwith granted to all truly English, equall to the rest of their countrymen, as in all plantations is accustomed to be done, and as all freeborne enjoy in our native country." ■• Other reforms were demanded, and although some of the charges were overdrawn, nevertheless, the main point was not fairly met in the lengthy reply prepared by Winthrop, Dudley, • ' J. Winthrop, History, vol. n, pp. 193, 349- ' Cal. State Pap., Col., 1574-1660, p. 327. 3 J. Winthrop, History, vol. 11, pp. 320 »., 358- Cf. Winslow, "New England's Salamander," in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Series III, vol. n, pp. 117/- •• Hutchinson, Papers, vol. i, pp. 216/.; New England's Jonas cast up in London, Force Tracts, vol. iv, pp. 'iff. 214 THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND and others of the court.' That point was that in an English colony, and upon English soil, the great majority of the inhabi- tants were debarred from a share in the government because of beliefs which would not have so disfranchised them in the home country. No amount of legal casuistry expended upon the charter, and no amount of sophistry employed in explain- ing the relations between the colony and England, could alter that fact, nor the additional one that Massachusetts was a colony and not an independent nation. As the request of the petitioners was for such liberties only as they would have pos- sessed at home, and not for general religious toleration, tan appeal to England was natural, and was set on foot as soon as the reply of the magistrates was received. Winthrop, how- ever, declared that he would not tolerate such an appeal, and the petitioners were heavily fined by the court, and two of them imprisoned.^ Child, and some of the others insisting upon going to England, they were seized just before the ship sailed, their baggage and houses were searched, and they them- selves imprisoned. As some of the magistrates had not agreed to the earlier proceedings, they were not consulted in the pres- ent one, which was distinctly of a Star-Chamber sort. Among the papers of Dand, another signer, was found one suggesting the appointment of a royal governor, for which he also was promptly put in jail. Vassall and Fowle finally reached Eng- land; but the political situation there by 1647 had become such as to preclude any consideration of colonial matters. 'Hutchinson, Papers, vol. i, pp. 113 f.; J. Winthrop, History, vol. 11, pp.348/. Prof. G. L. Kittredge has recently written an elaborate account of Dr. Child — "Doctor Robert Child the Remonstrant," reprinted from Publications, Col. Sac, Mass., 1919. It is a strong brief in defense of the action taken by the Massachusetts authorities, and contains the fullest and most accurate account of the Petition and the subsequent trials yet written. Prof. Kittredge is a firm supporter of the old theory that Child was plotting to overthrow the government in the interests of Presby- terianism. While this may be so, it seems not to cover the cases of the other re- monstrants. The main interest of the affair for our present work, however, lies in the evidence afforded of discontent with the Puritan regime, and in that connection. Prof. Kittredge, after showing the extreme diversity of views held by the signers on most matters, speaks of " their discontent with the administration which was the sole binding element common to all the Remonstrants" (p. 29). He also states (p. 51), that " there was more or less public sentiment in favor of the defendants." ' Massachusetts Records, vol. 11, pp. 196, 199, 205, 241. ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY NEW ENGLAND 215 The tide of popular rights in the colonies was rising, how- ever, and "all the troubles of New England" were "not at the Massachusetts," as Winslow wrote to Winthrop, nor were high- handed proceedings wholly limited to that commonwealth. In Plymouth, a written proposal, favored by many of the in- habitants and of the deputies, was presented to the General Court, "to allow and maintaine full and free tollerance of re- Hgion to all men that would preserve the civill peace and sub- mit unto government." "You would have admired [won- dered] to have seen," wrote Winslow, "how sweet this carrion relished to the pallate of most of the deputies." "Notwith- standing it was required, according to order, to be voted," the Governor would not permit any vote to be taken; and the effort thus to extend to others the same freedom that the leading founders of the colony had availed themselves of for twelve years in Holland was summarily suppressed.^ During the decade we have been considering, the struggle of Englishmen at home for the preservation of their liberties against the incompetent and reactionary rule of the second Stuart, had left that ruler but little leisure to consider the American colonies. Except for occasional and ineffectual efforts to retain some control over them by the home govern- ment, they had been left free to work out their own theories, un trammeled by any higher power. By 1640, the scattered settlements in Maine, the towns in New Hampshire, the Bay Colony, Plymouth, the four separate towns in what is now Rhode Island, Saybrook, the affiliated towns of New Haven, and the river settlements of Connecticut, were pursuing their several ways virtually as independent states, preempting lands, erecting governments, treating with the natives, with each other, and with the French and Dutch, as if they were sover- eign powers. Nor was there anything to prevent innumerable other petty states, each with its few square miles of territory, and ruling according to its own ideas, from arising over all New England, save as restrained by the jealousy of those al- ready in existence. If this tendency had not been restrained, ' Letter of Winslow to Winthrop, in Hutchinson, Papers, vol. I, p.J74« 21 6 THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND New England might have come in time to be a checker-board of tiny republics, engaged in constant disputes over boundaries and other relations at home, and, should the shield of England cease to protect them, the prey of foreign foes abroad. There were three possible methods of preventing this de- velopment of a Puritan Balkans. England might assert her rights legitimately, and endeavor to bring some sort of uni- formity and order out of what might otherwise become an impossible situation; one or another of the colonies might, by force of greater strength, subdue its weaker neighbors, and thus create one or several greater states; or, finally, a confederation might be formed of all of them. Under the circumstances, the legal and logical method would have been some sort of imperial control by the mother-country, but that was out of the question unless the English government was strong and united enough to enforce her will, and wise and experienced enough to make it acceptable to the colonists. For the present, that solution was impossible. Of the other two, the first would naturally appeal to a strong and ag- gressive colony like Massachusetts, while a confederacy would be favored by her weaker but no less independent neighbors. Both the latter plans were tried, and the intercolonial rela- tions of the next quarter of a century were largely the result of these two conflicting methods of unifying New England being pursued simultaneously. Owing to the death of Mason, and the failure of Gorges 's plans for Maine, the settlements north of Massachusetts were without a settled government, and the inhabitants do not seem to have had the ability to create a stable one for them- selves, which was so marked a characteristic of those in Mas- sachusetts and Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven. We have already seen how Massachusetts, by an unwarrantable construction of her charter, had begun to lay claim to all the land of New Hampshire and Maine lying eastward of the most northerly source of the Merrimack, although the whole course of the Crown and Council for New England at the time of the grant showed that such a claim was absolutely untenable. ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY NEW ENGLAND 217 Nor, in the beginning, had the Massachusetts leaders dreamed of making it,' and it was, in fact, as Professor Osgood says, "more clearly an usurpation than was any later act of the crown which affected New England." ^ The decision, other- wise favorable to Massachusetts, of the English Chief Justices in 1677, declaring the interpretation claimed to be utterly without warrant, and reassigning the lands to the heirs of the two original patentees, seems entirely just.^ Early in 164 1, a dispute between church factions in Dover, headed by two contending clergymen, gave Massachusetts a chance to intervene. Captain Underbill, who had been ban- ished from that colony at the time of the Hutchinson contro- versy, was then on the Piscataqua, and, perhaps with an idea of once more ingratiating himself with the home authorities, sent a petition to the Massachusetts Court, asking aid for himself and his party. Massachusetts at once dispatched a magistrate and two clergymen, and the Underbill party were victorious, the clergyman heading the opposing faction having opportunely turned out to be a personally immoral character."* The Dover patentees, Warwick, Say, and the others, who had purchased the patent in the interests of Massachusetts some years before, now passed the grant, with slight reserva- tions, to that colony, which at once annexed the town.' A temporary government was installed, and, two years later, it was agreed that the inhabitants should have the privilege of freemen to manage their local affairs, and to elect deputies, even though they were not church members.* Thus a right not yielded to four fifths of her own citizens was granted to ' Cf. letter of Emanuel Downing, already cited, asking for an extension of the charter limits northward, in 1633. Cal. State Pap., Col., 167^-76, p. 74. ' Osgood, American Colonies, vol. i, p. 377. 3 Acts Privy Council, Colonial, vol. 1, pp. 723 ff. Palfrey's statement that the charter, "literally interpreted," endowed Massachusetts with the lands claimed is hardly borne out by the facts. History, vol. i, p. 587. CJ., however, Burrage, Colonial Maine, p. 364. •" J. Winthrop, History, vol. 11, pp. j,Zf- " Massachusetts Records, vol. i, p. 332; J. Winthrop, History, vol. 11, p. 50. Ap- parently Strawberry Bank (Portsmouth) was also annexed. CJ. New Hampshire Provincial Papers, vol. i, p. 192. ^liiJ., pp. 183/., 168. 21 8 THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND those in her new possessions, and imperial ambition seems to have won the first victory over Israeli tish polity. This pro- vision not only disproved her former claim that civil order could not be maintained without forced religious conformity, but, combined with the further provision that the settlers in the newly annexed territory should be subject only to local, and not to general, taxation, it tended to show that she herself did not believe the claims she made as to the interpre- tation of the charter.' If she really considered that the terri- tory now being seized under pretext of ownership was as in- dubitably hers as that south of the Merrimack, why did she thus deprive herself of the right of religious and fiscal control? She next claimed and absorbed the town of Exeter, and her new claims, extending to Maine, there came into conflict with those of Gorges and the Pilgrims. The latter, indeed, had lately heard her state that she was entitled to a part of the town of Plymouth itself, and she did encroach upon the Ply- mouth territory.'' A further enlargement of her power to the south, and one obviously outside her jurisdiction, was next made within the present limits of Rhode Island. Samuel Gorton, from his heretical notions in religion, ac- cording to the Gospel of New England, and his somewhat explosive efforts to defend persons he thought oppressed by the colonial authorities, had led a troubled and troubling life in Massachusetts, Plymouth, Portsmouth, and Providence. Indeed, in his wandering course through the Puritan heavens, he seems to have been as fatally followed by trouble as a comet by its luminous tail. As he punctuated his career by denominating the Massachusetts magistrates "a generation of vipers," the Governor of Plymouth, "Satan," and the justice of Portsmouth, "a just-ass," he can hardly be said to have had an ingratiating way with the authorities, although no crime could be laid at his door. The people of that day had an insatiable passion for ploughing in the theological field, which was always proving as full of unexploded shells as any ■ New Hampshire Provincial Papers, vol. i, pp. 182, 184. ' Bradford, Plymouth, pp. 367/, ATTEMPTS TO UNIFY XEW ESGLASD 219 on the modem battle-front of France, and Gorton seems to have had a fatal facility for turning these up. He had already been blown out of three colonies, when, after some experience with him, the men of Providence decided that he or they must leave. Finally banished, he made an Indian purchase, and settled some miles to the south. | 3,033 |
8169079_1 | Court Listener | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,022 | None | None | English | Spoken | 1,355 | 1,761 | Powers, J.
This is an action of contract in the form of general assumpsit with a special complaint for damages for the breach of a contract for the purchase of certain standing timber and pulpwood. The answer contained a general denial and set up as defences the statute of frauds, and the fact that the plaintiff had taken possession of and sold the timber and pulpwood in question, after it had been cut by the defendants. A trial by jury Resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff, and the defendants allege error.
To establish the contract relied upon, the plaintiff offered in evidence a writing dated August 22, 1918, signed by himself, but not by the defendants, by the terms of which he sold to them certain timber in Winhall at $6 per cord for the pulpwood and $15 per thousand feet for the timber, and, among other things, gave them six months in which to remove the timber. This contract evidenced the payment of $200 thereon, and provided that the balance should be paid when the timber left the woods.
The defendants objected to the admission of this writing on the ground that it purported to convey an interest in land, and, not being signed by the parties here to be charged, it was wholly *236ineffective under G-. L. 1876. The objection was overruled, the writing was admitted, and the defendants excepted.
There was evidence fairly and reasonably tending to show that the defendants, acting under this writing, entered upon the land referred to and cut all the timber involved in this suit, removed a part of it, and left the remainder on the lot, some in piles and some scattered about.
[1-3] In these circumstances, the writing was admissible. Though such contracts are for the sale of an interest in land and required by the statute of frauds to be in writing and signed by the party to be charged (Buck v. Pickwell, 27 Vt. 157), and though this writing could not, so long as it remained executory, be made available in any way as a contract, it was predicated upon a valuable consideration, and as fast as and to the extent that it became executed by the defendants actually severing the trees from the freehold, it became binding and enforceable. The title to the trees so cut vested in the defendants, and they became liable to pay the contract price. Yale v. Seeley, 15 Vt. 221; Buck v. Pickwell, supra; Cady v. Sanford, 53 Vt. 632. Until the defendants so proceeded under it, the’ writing operated as a mere license to enter to cut and remove the timber. Their liability to pay as aforesaid is unaffected by the fact that they did not sign the writing; for, by entering and acting under it as they did, they adopted it and became bound by it as if they had signed it. Patchin v. Swift, 21 Vt. 292.
[4] The defendants-suggest that the evidence in regard to their cutting had not been received when the writing was admitted, but, if this was so, they were not harmed by its 'premature admission, and their exception is unavailing.
[5] The defendants moved for a verdict and saved an exception when their motion was overruled. Though stated in different ways, the grounds of their motion were that the resale of the property by the plaintiff was wholly illegal, and amounted in law to a rescission of the contract and a release of the defendants therefrom. They also excepted to the court’s ruling that the defendants were liable for the lumber at the agreed price, less what should be allowed them. When the defendants failed to pay for and remove the wood and timber within the time limited, they broke the contract. The requirement was that they should pay when the stuff was drawn off, and it was to be drawn off within the six months. So their failure was not only as to re*237moval, but also as to payment. This was an essential term of their engagement. In these circumstances, the plaintiff was not obliged to stand by while the property was utterly wasted, and take his chances of getting his damages out of the defendants. 2 Kent, *504. He could lawfully resell the property remaining on the lot and bring this action for damages. This rule is fully and firmly established. Darby v. Hall, 3 Pennewill (Del.) 25, 50 Atl. 64; McLean v. Richardson, 127 Mass. 339; Grist v. Williams, 111 N. C. 53, 15 S. E. 889, 32 A. S. R. 782, and note; Atwood v. Lucas, 53 Me. 508, 89 A. D. 713; General Electric Co. v. National Contracting Co., 178 N. Y. 369, 70 N. E. 928; Smith & Son v. Bloom, 159 Ia. 592, 141 N. W. 32. It was said in Putnam v. Glidden, 159 Mass. 47, 34 N. E. 81, 38 A. S. R. 394, quoting from Dustan v. McAndrews, 44 N. Y. 78, that, when a purchaser declines to receive property sold him, the vendor has his choice of three remedies: (1) He may store or retain the property for the vendee, and sue him for the entire purchase price; (2) he may sell the property acting as the agent for this purpose of the vendee and recover the difference between the contract price and the price obtained on such resale; or (3) he may keep the property as his own, and recover the difference between the market price at the time and place of delivery and the contract price. [6] The defendants’ contention that the resale amounted to and was a rescission cannot be sustained. It was not, per se, evidence of a rescission even. Grist v. Williams, supra. That *238it was not, in law, a rescission is shown by Jones v. Marsh, supra; for there the purchaser was not allowed to recover a partial payment he had made, which he could have done had the resale amounted to a rescission of the contract. Wood v. James, 93 Vt. 36, 106 Atl. 566. By his conduct the plaintiff affirmed the contract and treated it as still in force. True it is, as we have seen, that the title to the timber vested in the defendants as fast as it was cut, subject, of course, to the rights of the plaintiff as an unpaid vendor, and true it is that the title remained in the defendants unforfeited by their failure to remove it within the time limited in the contract (DeGoosh v. Baldwin, 85 Vt. 312, 82 Atl. 182; Deerfield Lumber Co. v. Lyman, 89 Vt. 201, 94 Atl. 837) ; but the plaintiff did not sell the property as his own, but as that of the defendants. He acted, not for himself alone, but as their quasi agent or trustee (Grist v. Williams, supra; Sands v. Taylor, 5 Johns. [N. Y.] 395, 4 A. D. 374), and in all he did he acted rightfully and in accordance with an implied term of the contract. Some courts hold that a notice to the purchaser, either of an intention to sell or of the resale, is a prerequisite to the right; but no notice was given in Phelps v. Hubbard, supra, and by the weight of authority none is required. 24 R. C. L. 111; Tiedeman, Sales, § 334; 2 Benj., Sales, 1120 N. S.; Williston, Sales, §§ 548, 549. Whether such a notice is required to make the resale price binding upon the original purchaser is not important here, as the case, as we shall now see, was submitted to the jury on the theory that it was not so binding.
The court instructed the jury that the plaintiff was entitled to recover as damages the difference, if any, between the contract price and the amount he received or ought to have received under the resale. To this the defendants excepted, but they did not attack the resale on any ground other than that it was wholly unlawful and amounted to a rescission.
For the reasons already given, these grounds were untenable, and the exception is without merit.
Affirmed.
| 20,942 |
https://github.com/aiswebmaster/Advanced-Field-Options/blob/master/src/Foundation/FieldOptions/code/Repository/IFieldRepository.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | Advanced-Field-Options | aiswebmaster | C# | Code | 24 | 101 | using Sitecore.Foundation.FieldOptions.Models.Data;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Sitecore.Foundation.FieldOptions.Repository
{
public interface IFieldRepository
{
IEnumerable<IFieldOption> GetFieldsByType(Guid fieldTypeTemplateId);
}
}
| 19,414 |
https://github.com/vfugiwara/salus/blob/master/application/models/usuarios.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT, LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference | 2,016 | salus | vfugiwara | PHP | Code | 89 | 378 | <?php
class Usuarios extends CI_Model
{
public function dadosUsuarios($email,$senha)
{
if(!isset($email) or !isset($senha))
return false;
$q = $this->db->query("SELECT id_usuario, nome, ra, tipo_usuario FROM usuarios WHERE email='".trim($email)."' AND senha='".trim($senha)."' LIMIT 1")->result_array();
return $q;
}
public function verificaUsuarioPeloEmail($email)
{
if(!isset($email))
return false;
$q = $this->db->query("SELECT id_usuario FROM usuarios WHERE email='".trim($email)."' LIMIT 1")->row();
if(!isset($q->id_usuario))
return false;
return true;
}
public function verificaEmaileSenha($email, $senha)
{
if(!isset($email) and !isset($senha))
return false;
$q = $this->db->query("SELECT id_usuario FROM usuarios WHERE email='".trim($email)."' AND senha='".trim($senha)."'")->row();
if(!isset($q->id_usuario))
return false;
return true;
}
public function iniciaSessao($dados)
{
$this->session->set_userdata($dados);
}
} | 33,923 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40056479 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,016 | Stack Exchange | Don't Be negative, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5010291 | English | Spoken | 392 | 564 | android webview page reloading after capture picture and Upload in android 5+
I followed this to capture Images form camera in webview
Here at this part its fine in android some versions and in some devices its working fine
But at android 5.0.1 when I capture image from webview its capturing and reloading the page again in that I am again redirecting to Login page
So i am Unable to upload but where as in Huvai p9 its wokring fine with android 6+ its working fine It stays fine and uploads the Image can any one suggest me what to do
Update 1
Now I tried many other ways like this
But its not working in some devices Please Help but in some devices its working fine...
According to me the activity that hosts the web view is destroyed as soon as you open the camera to take the picture. The camera is loaded in a separate activity, and this can cause the web view activity to be stopped and destroyed on devices with low memory.
Basically you have to manage this case, for example, in your onCreate where you will get a not null savedInstanceState bundle in case your activity has been destroyed and recreated. Check also the result that you get back in onActivityResult before loading content of the web view.
Sir In that what should I need to Replace in not null savedInstanceState bundle can you suggest me sir... But how ever its working fine in some devices but why its not working in some devices
Sir I have Given this `@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState )
{
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
webView.saveState(outState);
}
@Override
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
webView.restoreState(savedInstanceState);
}` Please check my code whether Its given properly or not please help me sir...
Sir Can you Update your Answer In my code so that I can tick bounty to you
Sir If i do that I am getting msg error Cache missing... Yes In previous after Giving This only Its worked on some devices But its working fine in some devices after giving this and in some devices i am getting error cache missing
I faced with a same problem. My mistake was that i was doing that.
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
browser.loadUrl(siteUrl);
}
But onStart sometime fires after you select a file.
Maybe it will help.
| 31,665 |
https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | ಸೋಮದೇವರಹಟ್ಟಿ | https://kn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ಸೋಮದೇವರಹಟ್ಟಿ&action=history | Kannada | Spoken | 445 | 3,373 | ಸೋಮದೇವರಹಟ್ಟಿ ಗ್ರಾಮವು ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ರಾಜ್ಯದ ವಿಜಯಪುರ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯ ವಿಜಯಪುರ ತಾಲ್ಲೂಕಿನಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ
ಗ್ರಾಮವು ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕವಾಗಿ ೧೬* ೩೨' ೧೦"x ಉತ್ತರ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶ ಮತ್ತು ೭೫* ೩೧' ೧೯" ಪೂರ್ವ ರೇಖಾಂಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಹವಾಮಾನ
ಬೆಸಿಗೆ-ಚಳಿಗಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಹವಾಗುಣವು ಹಿತಕರವಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಸಾಧಾರಣ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ಮಳೆಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಬೇಸಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅತಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಉಷ್ಣತೆ ಅಂದರೆ ೪೨.೭ ಡಿಗ್ರಿವರೆಗೆ(ಎಪ್ರೀಲನಲ್ಲಿ) , ಅತೀ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಅಂದರೆ ೯.೫ ಡಿಗ್ರಿ ಸೆಲ್ಸಿಯಸವರೆಗೆ (ಡಿಸೆಂಬರನಲ್ಲಿ) ಉಷ್ಣತೆ ದಾಖಲಾಗಿದೆ.
ಬೇಸಿಗೆಕಾಲ - ೩೫°C-೪೨°C ಡಿಗ್ರಿ ಸೆಲ್ಸಿಯಸ್
ಚಳಿಗಾಲ ಮತ್ತು
ಮಳೆಗಾಲ - ೧೮°C-೨೮°C ಡಿಗ್ರಿ ಸೆಲ್ಸಿಯಸ್.
ಮಳೆ - ಪ್ರತಿ ವರ್ಷ ಮಳೆ ೩೦೦ - ೬೦೦ಮಿಮಿ ಗಳಸ್ಟು ಆಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಗಾಳಿ -ಗಾಳಿ ವೇಗ ೧೮.೨ ಕಿಮಿ/ಗಂ (ಜೂನ), ೧೯.೬ ಕಿಮಿ/ಗಂ (ಜುಲೈ)ಹಾಗೂ ೧೭.೫ ಕಿಮಿ/ಗಂ (ಅಗಸ್ಟ್) ಇರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ
ಗ್ರಾಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಸುಮಾರು 2500 ಇದೆ. ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ 1300 ಪುರುಷರು ಮತ್ತು 1200 ಮಹಿಳೆಯರು ಇದ್ದಾರೆ.
ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ
ಮುಖ್ಯ ಭಾಷೆ ಕನ್ನಡ. ಆದರೆ ವಿವಿಧ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಗಳ ಪ್ರಭಾವದಿಂದಾಗಿ ಉರ್ದು, ಮರಾಠಿ ಮತ್ತು ಹಿಂದಿ ಮಿಶ್ರಿತ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಠವಾದ ಕನ್ನಡ. ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಆಹಾರ ಧಾನ್ಯ ಜೋಳ. ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಗೋಧಿ, ಅಕ್ಕಿ,ಮೆಕ್ಕೆ ಜೋಳ ಬೇಳೆಕಾಳುಗಳು. ಜವಾರಿ ಎಂದು ಗುರುತಿಸಲ್ಪಡುವ ವಿಶೇಷ ರುಚಿಯ ಕಾಯಿಪಲ್ಯ, ಸೊಪ್ಪುಗಳು ಹೆಸರುವಾಸಿ ಮತ್ತು ಸದಾಕಾಲವೂ ಲಭ್ಯ. ಜೋಳದ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ,, ಸೇಂಗಾ ಚಟ್ನಿ,, ಎಣ್ಣಿ ಬದನೆಯಕಾಯಿ ಪಲ್ಯ,, ಕೆನೆಮೊಸರು ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಮೂಲೆಮೂಲೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧಿ ಪಡೆದಿವೆ.
ಕಲೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ
ಅಪ್ಪಟ ಉತ್ತರ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಶೈಲಿಯ ಕಲೆಯನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿದೆ. ಪುರುಷರು ದೋತ್ರ, ನೆಹರು ಅಂಗಿ ಮತ್ತು ರೇಷ್ಮೆ ರುಮಾಲು(ಪಟಕ) ಧರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.ಮಹಿಳೆಯರು ಇಲಕಲ್ಲ ಸೀರೆ ಮತ್ತು ಖಾದಿ ಬಟ್ಟೆಗಳನ್ನು ಧರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ಧರ್ಮ
ಗ್ರಾಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಿಂದೂ ಮತ್ತು ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂ ಧರ್ಮದ ಜನರಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
ಭಾಷೆ
ಗ್ರಾಮದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಭಾಷೆ ಕನ್ನಡ. ಇದರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಹಿಂದಿ, ಮರಾಠಿ ಹಾಗೂ ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಷ್ ಭಾಷೆಗಳನ್ನು ಮಾತನಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ದೇವಾಲಯ
ಶ್ರೀ ಮಹಾಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ದೇವಾಲಯ
ಶ್ರೀ ದುರ್ಗಾದೇವಿ ದೇವಾಲಯ
ಶ್ರೀ ಮಲ್ಲಿಕಾರ್ಜುನ ದೇವಾಲಯ
ಶ್ರೀ ಬಸವೇಶ್ವರ ದೇವಾಲಯ
ಶ್ರೀ ವೆಂಕಟೇಶ್ವರ ದೇವಾಲಯ
ಶ್ರೀ ಪಾಂಡುರಂಗ ದೇವಾಲಯ
ಶ್ರೀ ಹಣಮಂತ ದೇವಾಲಯ
ಮಸೀದಿ
ಗ್ರಾಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ದರ್ಗಾ ಹಾಗೂ ಮಸೀದಿ ಇದೆ.
ನೀರಾವರಿ
ಗ್ರಾಮದ ಪ್ರತಿಶತ 50 ಭಾಗ ಭೂಮಿ ಕಾಲುವೆ, ತೆರದ ಬಾವಿ, ಕೊಳವೆ ಬಾವಿಯಿಂದ ನೀರಾವರಿ ಇದ್ದು ಪ್ರಮುಖವಾಗಿ ಕಬ್ಬು , ಮೆಕ್ಕೆಜೋಳ, ಜೋಳ, ಉಳ್ಳಾಗಡ್ಡಿ (ಈರುಳ್ಳಿ), ನಿಂಬೆಹಣ್ಣು , ಪಪ್ಪಾಯ, ಅರಿಶಿನ, ನೆಲಕಡಲೆ, ಶೇಂಗಾ(ಕಡಲೆಕಾಯಿ), ಸೂರ್ಯಕಾಂತಿ , ದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿ , ದಾಳಿಂಬೆ, ಗೋಧಿ ಹಾಗೂ ಇತರೆ ಬೆಳೆಗಳನ್ನು ಬೆಳೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ಕೃಷಿ ಮತ್ತು ತೋಟಗಾರಿಕೆ
ಗ್ರಾಮದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಉದ್ಯೋಗವೇ ಕೃಷಿ ಮತ್ತು ತೋಟಗಾರಿಕೆಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಮಾರು ೭೫% ಜನರು ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಗ್ರಾಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಕೇವಲ ೧೫% ಭೂಮಿ ಮಾತ್ರ ನೀರಾವರಿ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ. ಉಳಿದ ೮೫% ಭೂಮಿ ಮಳೆಯನ್ನೇ ಅವಲಂಭಿಸಿದೆ.
ಆರ್ಥಿಕತೆ
ಗ್ರಾಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಧ್ಯಮ ತರಗತಿಯಲ್ಲಿದೆ.
ಉದ್ಯೋಗ
ಗ್ರಾಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಫಲವತ್ತಾದ ಭೂಮಿ ಇದುವುದರಿಂದ ೭೦% ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಕೃಷಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಿರತರಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಕೃಷಿಯು ಗ್ರಾಮದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಉದ್ಯೋಗವಾಗಿದೆ. ಇದರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಹೈನುಗಾರಿಕೆ, ಕೋಳಿ ಸಾಕಾಣಿಕೆ, ದನಗಳ ಸಾಕಾಣಿಕೆ ಉಪ ಕಸುಬುಗಳಾಗಿವೆ.
ಬೆಳೆ
ಆಹಾರ ಬೆಳೆಗಳು
ಜೋಳ, ಗೋಧಿ, ಮೆಕ್ಕೆಜೋಳ, ಸಜ್ಜೆ , ಕಡಲೆ, ತೊಗರಿ, ಹೆಸರು ಮತ್ತು ಕಡಲೆ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ
ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯ ಬೆಳೆಗಳು
ದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿ, ಕಬ್ಬು, ದಾಳಿಂಬೆ, ನಿಂಬೆ, ಮಾವು, ಬಾಳೆ, ಸೂರ್ಯಕಾಂತಿ, ಅರಿಸಿಣ, ಪಪ್ಪಾಯಿ, ಕಲ್ಲಂಗಡಿ, ಉಳ್ಳಾಗಡ್ಡಿ (ಈರುಳ್ಳಿ) ಮತ್ತು ಶೇಂಗಾ(ಕಡಲೆಕಾಯಿ) ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ.
ತರಕಾರಿ ಬೆಳೆಗಳು
ಬದನೆಕಾಯಿ, ಟೊಮ್ಯಾಟೊ, ಹೀರೇಕಾಯಿ, ನುಗ್ಗೆಕಾಯಿ, ಗೆಣಸು, ಗಜ್ಜರಿ, ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ, ಸೌತೆಕಾಯಿ, ಮೊಲಂಗಿ, ಅವರೆಕಾಯಿ, ಪಡವಲಕಾಯಿ, ಕುಂಬಳಕಾಯಿ, ಮೆಂತೆ ಪಲ್ಲೆ ಮತ್ತು ಕೊತಂಬರಿ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ.
ಸಸ್ಯ
ಆಲದ ಮರ, ಬೇವಿನ ಮರ, ಜಾಲಿ ಮರ, ಹೈಬ್ರೀಡ್ ಜಾಲಿ ಮರ, ಮಾವಿನ ಮರ ಮತ್ತು ಅರಳಿ ಮರ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ.
ಪ್ರಾಣಿ
ತೋಳ, ನರಿ, ಹಾವು, ಮೊಲ, ನವಿಲು, ಬೆಳ್ಳಕ್ಕಿ, ಗುಬ್ಬಿ, ಕಾಗೆ, ಕೋಗಿಲೆ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ.
ಹಬ್ಬ
ಪ್ರತಿವರ್ಷ ಕಾರ ಹುಣ್ಣುಮೆ, ಯುಗಾದಿ, ದಸರಾ, ದೀಪಾವಳಿ, ನಾಗರ ಪಂಚಮಿ, ಉರಸು ಹಾಗೂ ಮೊಹರಮ್ ಹಬ್ಬಗಳನ್ನು ಆಚರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ
ಗ್ರಾಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಸರಕಾರಿ ಹಿರಿಯ ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ಶಾಲೆ ಇದೆ.
ಸಾಕ್ಷರತೆ
ಗ್ರಾಮದ ಸಾಕ್ಷರತೆಯ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಸುಮಾರು ೬೭%. ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ ೭೫% ಪುರುಷರು ಹಾಗೂ ೫೫% ಮಹಿಳೆಯರು ಸಾಕ್ಷರತೆ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ.
ರಾಜಕೀಯ
ಗ್ರಾಮವು ಬಿಜಾಪುರ ಲೋಕಸಭಾ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದ ವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಅಂಚೆ ಕಚೇರಿ
ಗ್ರಾಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಅಂಚೆ ಕಚೇರಿಯಿದೆ.
ಹಾಲು ಉತ್ಪಾದಕ ಸಹಕಾರಿ ಸಂಘ
ಗ್ರಾಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಾಲು ಉತ್ಪಾದಕ ಸಹಕಾರಿ ಸಂಘವಿದೆ.
ಬಿಜಾಪುರ
ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ
ವಿಜಯಪೂರ ತಾಲ್ಲೂಕಿನ ಹಳ್ಳಿಗಳು
ಬಿಜಾಪುರ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ | 22,465 |
jpa-00222632-ajp-jphyscol198344C3121.txt_1 | French-Science-Pile | Open Science | Various open science | 2,008 | THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF CONDUCTING POLYHETEROCYCLIC FILMS : XPS STUDIES. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1983, 44 (C3), pp.C3-609-C3-614. ⟨10.1051/jphyscol:19833121⟩. ⟨jpa-00222632⟩ | None | English | Spoken | 4,483 | 6,496 | JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE
Colloque C3, suppl6ment au na6, Tome 44, juin 1983
page c3-609
THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF CONDUCTING POLYHETEROCYCLIC FILMS
:
XPS STUDIES
P. pfluger* and G.B. Street
IBM Research Laboratory, 5600 CottZ~Road, San Jose, CA 95193, U.S.A.
-
Resum6
La caracterisation d e films polymeres conducteurs & base d e p y r r o l e
e t d e thiophene a et6 e n t r e p r i s e p a r spectroscopie des photoelectrons excites
aux rayons X . Les anneaux aromatiques sont essentiellement lies p a r l e u r s carbones a, neanmoins des e f f e t s d e d i s o r d r e en p r o p o r t i o n importante p e u v e n t
apparaitre. .Les anions mis e n solution p o u r la preparation o u p o u r le cyclage
6lectrochimique des films n e sont pas t o u j o u r s r e t r o u v e s tels quels dans les
polymeres conducteurs. Ce n ' e s t q u e dans les premiers stades d e I1oxydation d u
p o l y p y r r o l e n e u t r e que le dopage s'effectue p a r I'extraction homogene de
charges d u p y r r o l e polymeris6. En r6gime de dopage eleve, I'atome d ' azote d u
p y r r o l e est u n c e n t r e r e a c t i f d e dehydrogenation e t d'oxydation.
A b s t r a c t - X - r a y photoemission spectroscopy i s used t o characterize conducting
p y r r o l e and thiophene polymer films. T h e r e s u l t s are essentially i n agreement
w i t h a-a' l i n k i n g o f t h e aromatic r i n g s , b u t v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t degrees o f disord e r may occur. Not always i s t h e anion dissolved i n t h e electrolyte f o r t h e
preparation o r f o r electrochemical c y c l i n g o f t h e films f o u n d as such i n t h e
conducting polymer. O n l y i n t h e v e r y e a r l y stage o f oxidation does t h e d o p i n g
o f n e u t r a l p o l y p y r r o l e proceed b y homogeneous charge e x t r a c t i o n f r o m t h e
polymeric p y r r o l e subsystem. A t h i g h e r d o p i n g levels, t h e N atom o f t h e
p y r r o l e r i n g p r o v i d e s a reactive s i t e f o r dehydrogenation and oxygenation
reactions.
T h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s paper i s t o show t h e l a r g e amount o f information concern i n g t h e chemical s t r u c t u r e i n p y r r o l e and thiophene polymers t h a t can be obtained
b y X-ray
photoemission spectroscopy.
t h e i r electrochemical [6],
and electronic p r o p e r t i e s [2,9-111
XPS s t u d y
[3]
T h e samples and t h e i r preparation
photoelectrochemical [7],
are f u l l y described elsewhere
d i f f e r e n t nature.
[ I -51,
magnetic [2,8,91
as well as t h e experimental details o f t h e p r e s e n t
emphasized t h a t each t y p e o f electronic
basically
s t r u c t u r a l [5],
[IZ].
levels
I n t h e following,
yields v e r y
valuable
it shall b e
results of
T h e XPS spectra shown below have been selected t o
exemplify t h e various levels o f information acessible b y t h i s technique i n t h e k i n d
o f materials used here.
CARBON I s SPECTRA: THE IMPORTANCE OF DISORDER
(Fig. 1)
Beside t h e expected c o n t r i b u t i o n s from t h e p y r r o l e a and @ carbons t o t h e CIS
+'
spectrum o f oxidized p o l y p y r r o l e (PP ), a b r o a d h i g h b i n d i n g e n e r g y shoulder,
labelled y, i s seen. T h i s f e a t u r e i s d u e t o defect carbons,
ones (a-$,
@-@Ir
cross l i n k s ).
30% i n p o l y p y r r o l e perchlorate (PPCL04).
groups,
mostly non a-a' linked
T h e number o f non-ideal carbons can b e as h i g h as
I f t h e @-position i s blocked w i t h methyl
a-a' l i n k i n g i s f o r c e d a n d a more o r d e r e d polymer develops.
T h i s i s evi-
*now at Brown Boveri Research Center, CH-5405 Baden, Switzerland
Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19833121
C3-610
JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE
denced b y a s t r i k i n g r e d u c t i o n o f t h e y
intensity,
and a narrower width o f the
C I S envelope,
of
carbon
added
although an additional t y p e
(from
to the
t h e methyl g r o u p s )
spectrum.
is
Note t h a t t h e
improved c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c o r d e r o n g o i n g
from
PPCQ04
to
poly-p-dimethylpyrrole
p e r c h l o r a t e (PpDMPC%04) i s also seen by
electron
diffraction
[5].
varying
degrees
disorder
been observed
of
T h e effects o f
have also
i n thiophene-based
poly-
mers.
290
288
286
284
Fig. 1: C I s XPS core level spectra o f
p o l y p y r r o l e (lower c u r v e ) a n d poly-p-dim e t h y l p y r r o l e ( u p p e r c u r v e ) perchlorate.
282
BINDING ENERGY [ e ~ ]
NITROGEN I s SPECTRA: REACTIONS A T T H E N SITE
( F i g . 2)
Four d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f N l s spectra a r e o b s e r v e d in p o l y p y r r o l e films. T h e f i r s t
lineshape (Fig.
2a) i s t y p i c a l f o r c o n d u c t i n g films as g r o w n b y t h e s t a n d a r d elec-
trochemical method. A p a r t f r o m t h e main peak centered s l i g h t l y below 400 eV, t w o
shoulders a r e f o u n d in i t s h i g h b i n d i n g e n e r g y wing. These features a r e d u e t o
e x t r a screening charges induced b y t h e p r o x i m i t y o f t h e anions [ 3 ] . A l t h o u g h t h e
exact position o f t h e counterions w i t h respect t o t h e p y r r o l e u n i t s i s n o t known, it
appears t h a t t h r e e electrostatically i n e q u i v a l e n t N sites a r e created. T h i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n i s s u p p o r t e d b y t h e f a c t t h a t n o s u c h shoulders a r e observed i n t h e n e u t r a l
PP'
1131 o r i n weakly oxidized f i l m s containing v e r y few counterions (see below).
T h r e e classes o f
+ films,
as-grown PP
role i s followed.
N l s spectra,
all d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e one t h a t characterizes
a r e observed as t h e p r o g r e s s i v e o x i d a t i o n o f n e u t r a l p o l y p y r -
A t low d o p i n g levels,
a n a r r o w symmetric N l s l i n e (Fig.
2b)
indicates homogeneous c h a r g e e x t r a c t i o n o u t o f t h e otherwise unaffected p y r r o l e
subsystem.
Note t h a t t h e films a r e already c o n d u c t i n g i n t h i s stage o f oxidation.
Upon continued doping, t h e h i g h b i n d i n g e n e r g y shoulders discussed above appear,
b u t also an additional peak a t -398
eV g r o w s i n ( F i g.
2c).
This structure is
p o s s i b l y d u e t o t h e dehydrogenation o f t h e N atom, followed b y rearrangement of
t h e p y r r o l e double bonds i n o r d e r t o s a t i s f y t h e t h r e e n i t r o g e n valences [14].
Finally, an additional s t r u c t u r e a t -406 eV b i n d i n g e n e r g y (Fig. 2d) shows t h a t a
s i g n i f i c a n t number o f p y r r o l e n i t r o g e n s u n d e r g o s t r o n g oxidation,
oxygen,
presumably b y
i n h i g h l y doped films. I n t e r e s t i n g l y enough, t h e c h e m i s t r y documented b y
t h e 398 a n d 406 eV features i s e n t i r e l y r e v e r s i b l e : a single, symmetric N l s l i n e of
t h e t y p e shown i n Fig. 2b can b e r e s t o r e d
b y r e d u c i n g PP'
A
L
(a) PPC104 as-grown
films which
previously
had f u l l y developed sidelines. T h e spectra
in
Figs.
2b-2d
demonstrate
here
are
have
that
the
independent
been
chosen
to
effects
described
of
particular
the
method o f oxidation.
ANION SPECTRA: SPECIE I D E N T I F I C A T I ON, DEGREE OF O X I D A T I O N AND COMPOS I T I O N A L CHANGES (Figs. 3,4)
From t h e
XPS
core
level positions. a n d
intensities o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t atoms,
counterions
in
be
indentified
calibration
can
procedures
PP'
after
appropriate
[3].
Thereby,
the
t h e expected p e r c h l o r a t e
and t e t r a f l u o r b o r a t e anions were confirmed
i n PP'
films g r o w n f r o m AgCI04/CH3CN
a n d AgBF4/CH3CN
solutions r e s p e c t i v e l y.
However,
t h e positions and intensities o f
the
P2s a n d P2p lines h a v e shown
Fls,
t h a t hexafluorophosphate i s not t h e anion
i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o PP'
CH3CN electrolyte,
are
indeed
in
g r o w n f r o m AgPF6/
although t h e P F ions
~
solution.
The
specie(s)
p r e s e n t in such films a r e p r e s e n t l y u n d e r
investigation;
is
bifluorophosphate,
~ o s s i b l y (one
of)
PF~O;,
t h e counterion(s).
T h i s example i l l u s t r a t e s t h e importance o f
carefully
d e t e r m i n i n g the exact chemical
composition i n each t y p e o f PP'.
I n the
case
grown
of
oxidized
polybithiophene
f r o m s u l f u r i c acid electrolyte, t h e aniond e r i v e d s u l f u r XPS spectra a r e compatible
Binding Energy [ e V l
w i t h e i t h e r 10-:
o r H S O ~anions ( F i g . 3),
b u t t h e 0 1 s lineshape indicates one k i n d
of
Fig. 2: N I s spectra o f v a r i o u s o x i dized p o l y p y r r o l e films. T h e s p e c t r a
b - g a r e o b t a i n e d f r o m PPO s t a r t i n g
material oxidized t o d i f f e r e n t degrees,
i n c r e a s i n g t o w a r d s t h e bottom o f t h e
figure.
oxygen
only.
Since t h e one o x y g e n
atom adjacent t o h y d r o g e n i s n o t equival e n t t o t h e o t h e r t h r e e 0 atoms i n H S O ~ ,
t h e c o r r e c t counterion i n PBT' i s t h e r e f o 2r e SO4 ( f o r more details see Ref. 3).
F i g . 3 also demonstrates t h a t t h e de-
JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE
I
*
*.
Polybithiophene sulfate.
S ~ P
I anion : 7rings
g r e e o f o x i d a t i o n can b e determined
b y comparing t h e i n t e n s i t i e s o f
anion's
XPS
and
the
lines.
ring
The
the
heteroatom's
counterion: r i n g
r a t i o i s f o u n d t o b e 1:3 f o r p o l y p y r r o l e p e r c h l o r a t e a n d 1:4 f o r p o l y p y r -
FIJZ/,
r o l e tetrafluoroborate,
agreement
with
chemical analysis
[2,3,10].
T h e 1:7 r a t i o obtained f o r
z.
polybithiophene
170
i n excellent
165
160
very
BINDING ENERGY [ e ~ ]
similar
sulfate
degree
since t h e 50:-
of
yields
a
oxidation,
ion i s d o u b l y c h a r -
ged.
F i g . 3: S 2p core levels o f p o l y b i t h i o p h e n e sulfate.
Reduction o f Aconcentrotlon
with electrochemical
cycling of polypyrrole
T h e concentration o f t h e o r i g i nally
i n c o r p o r a t e d counterions
been
checked
has
a f t e r electrochemical
reduction/reoxidation
cycles o f PP+
and,
been f o u n d t o
in
all
cases,
decrease dramatically
t h e same time,
(Fig.
4).
At
t h e concentration o f
e x t r a - o x y g e n in t h e f i l m s increases,
a n d t h e N l s spectrum develops t h e
sidepeaks shown in Fig. 2.
I t must
be
original
concluded
that
the
anions a r e more easily d r i v e n o u t o f
the
NUMBER OF CYCLES
films
during
the
reduction
process t h a n t h e y a r e r e i n s e r t e d i n
Fig. 4: Changes o f t h e o r i g i n a l anion
concentration in' p o l y p y r r o l e films upon
electrochemical reduction/reoxidation c y c les.
t h e reoxidation. Instead, oxygen-based
(perhaps
OH-)
are
incorporated
i n t o t h e films
which,
i n p a r t , replace t h e o r i g i n a l c o u n t e r ions,
b u t w h i c h a r e also responsible f o r t h e dehydrogenation a n d o x i d a t i o n reacti-
ons d e s c r i b e d i n t h e p r e v i o u s section.
A t t e n t i o n should b e p a i d t o t h e f a c t
d u r i n g t h e p r e p a r a t i o n process, simultaneous polymerization/oxidation occurs,
t h e counterions a r e p r o g r e s s i v e l y b u i l t i n t o t h e g r o w i n g PP+ film.
o n process,
however,
and
I n the reoxidati-
i n s e r t i o n o f t h e counterions i n t o p r e - e x i s t i n g ,
p y r r o l e by d i f f u s i o n has t o o c c u r.
that,
neutral poly-
T h i s v e r y substantial d i s t i n c t i o n m u s t account
f o r t h e observed d i f f e r e n t o x i d a t i o n mechanism once t h e films h a v e been g r o w n.
One may
speculate t h a t t h e
s t r u c t u r e o f as-grown
PP+ relaxes t o w a r d s smaller
l a t t i c e constants as t h e anions a r e d r i v e n o u t i n t h e f i r s t r e d u c t i o n step;
smaller anions a r e much more easily r e i n s e r t e d t h a n t h e o r i g i n a l ones.
then
VALENCE B A N D SPECTRA: POLYMER AND DOPANT CHARACTERIZATION ( F i g . 5)
XPS
XPS A l K a
mono Valence Bands
valence
bands
can
b e decomposed
i n t o c o n t r i b u t i o n s f r o m t h e o r g a n i c hetero-
Poly pyrrole
tetrafluoroborote
cycles
and
the
inorganic
counterions.
While
~104 MO
dominate
the
valence
bands o f p e r c h l o r a t e - t y p e p y r r o l e polymers,
all
t h e features t y p i c a l f o r t h e p y r r o l e
r i n g molecule 1151 can c l e a r l y b e seen i n
polypyrrole
4-
tetrafluoroborate.
Valence
b a n d spectroscopy i s a u s e f u l complemen-
Polypyrrole
perchlora e
t a r y tool i n t h e characterization o f conduct i n g heterocyclic polymers.
For resolution
a n d cross-section reasons,
no significant
solid state effects c o u l d b e seen b y XPS,
nor
were
These
Poly-B-dimethytpyrrole
perchlorate
Fermi
issues
addressed
level
have
by
states
detected.
successfully
ultraviolet
been
photoemission
spectroscopy studies a n d a r e discussed i n
detail elsewhere
L
J
I
I
35 30 25 20
I
15
I
I
10
l
5
t
I
[Ill.
I
-5
~
Fig.
~ 5: ~Valence
~ b aln d spectra o f v a r i o u s
conducting polypyrroles.
acknowledges financial
s u p p o r t f r o m t h e Swiss National Science
E
BINDING ENERGY [ e ~ ]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
P.P.
gratefully
Foundation. T h i s w o r k was p a r t i a l l y financed b y an ONR g r a n t.
REFERENCES
1 A . F.Diaz,
K . K. Kanazawa and G. P. Gardini,
J.C.S.
Chem. Comm. (1979)635.
2
G. B.Street, T.C.Clarke, M. K r o u n b i , K. K . Kanazawa, V.Y. Lee, P.Pfluger, J. C
Scott a n d G.Weiser, Mol . C r y s t . L i q . C r y s t . 83(1982)1285.
3
P.Pfluger a n d G.B.Street,
4
G.Tourillon a n d F. Garnier, J. Electroanal. Chem. =(1982)173.
5
G.B.Street,
6
A . F. Diaz a n d K. K. Kanazawa i n "Extended l i n e a r chain compounds", Vol. 3,
J.S.Miller ed., Plenum, New Y o r k 1982, p p . 417-441, a n d references t h e r e i n
R.H.Geiss,
J.Chem.Phys.,
i n press.
V.Y.Lee a n d P.Pfluger,J.de
Physique Coll. ,this volume.
7 T .Skotheim, L . G. Petersson, 0. l nganas and I . Lundstrom, J. ~ l c h e mS. o c . a ( I 9 8 2 )
1737 a n d references t h e r e i n.
JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE
C3-614
T.C.Clarke,
J.C.Scott,
J.C.Scott
a n d G.B.Street,
t o b e published.
P. P f l u g e r a n d M. Krou,nbi, t o b e published.
K. K. Kanazawa, A . F. Diaz, W.D.Gill,
P.M.Grant,
J.F.Kwak, S y n t h . Met. l(1979) 329.
P.Pfluger a n d U.Gubler,
G. B.Street,
G. P - G a r d i n i a n d
t o b e published.
See also t h e p a p e r s by F. D e v r e u x e t al., P. P f l u g e r e t al., T.Skotheim e t al.,
A. J. F r a n k e t al., R. Erlandsson e t al., P.Audebert e t al., J. L. BrBdas e t al.,
P.Mirabeau, Y . L . Kogan e t al., B.R.Bulka, J.de Physique Coll., t h i s volume.
W. R .Salaneck, R. Erlandsson, J.Prejza,
Met., i n p r e s s.
I . L u n d s t r o m a n d 0.lnganas, S y n t h.
in press.
P. Pfluger, M. K r o u n b i , G. B . S t r e e t a n d G.Weiser,
J.Chem. Phys.,
U.Gelius, C.J.Allan, G.Johannson. H.Siegbahn,
Physica S c r i p t a 3(1971)237.
D.A.Allison a n d K.Siegbahn,.
| 39,753 |
https://github.com/bmd-studio/stm32-for-vscode/blob/master/src/test/unit/HandleTasks.test.ts | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,023 | stm32-for-vscode | bmd-studio | TypeScript | Code | 152 | 437 | import * as Sinon from 'sinon';
import * as chaiAsPromised from 'chai-as-promised';
import { Uri, workspace } from 'vscode';
import { expect, use } from 'chai';
import { suite, test } from 'mocha';
import executeTask from '../../HandleTasks';
use(chaiAsPromised);
suite("Handle Tasks", () => {
test('test if shell process is executed at workspaceFolder', () => {
const localUri = Uri.file('./');
Sinon.replaceGetter(workspace, 'workspaceFolders', () => [{
uri: localUri,
name: 'test workspace',
index: 0,
}]);
expect(executeTask('shell', 'test task', ['echo test task'], {})).to.eventually.be.fulfilled;
Sinon.restore();
});
test('test if shell throws error when no workspaceFolder is present', () => {
Sinon.replaceGetter(workspace, 'workspaceFolders', () => undefined);
expect(executeTask('shell', 'test task', ['echo test task'], {})).to.eventually.be.rejected;
Sinon.restore();
});
test('test if it rejects when an unexepcted exitcode is provided', () => {
const localUri = Uri.file('./');
Sinon.replaceGetter(workspace, 'workspaceFolders', () => [{
uri: localUri,
name: 'test workspace',
index: 0,
}]);
expect(
executeTask('shell', 'test task', ['echo test task && exit 1337'], {})
).to.eventually.be.rejectedWith('1337');
Sinon.restore();
});
}); | 2,787 |
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8B | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Аптека Лигды | https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Аптека Лигды&action=history | Russian | Spoken | 392 | 1,183 | Аптека Лигды или Дом первой частной аптеки на Левобережной Украине (Аптека Михаила Лигды) — памятник архитектуры и памятник истории местного значения в Нежине. Сейчас здесь размещается аптека.
История
Решением исполкома Черниговского областного совета народных депутатов трудящихся от 28.06.1989 № 130 присвоен статус памятник истории местного значения с охранным № 6941 под названием Дом первой частной аптеки на Левобережной Украине (Аптека Михаила Лигды).
Изначально был внесён в «список памятников архитектуры вновь выявленных» под названием Аптека Лигды.
Приказом Министерства культуры и туризма от 21.12.2012 № 1566 присвоен статус памятник архитектуры местного значения с охранным № 10036-Чр под названием Аптека Лигды.
Описание
Первую известную в Нежине аптеку было открыто в 1740 году и удерживал около двух лет на собственные средства Я. Штурм. В 1742 году он оставил город, поскольку оба нежинских врача не выписывали лекарства из аптеки, а пользовались собственными.
В 1777 году в городе вновь была открыта аптека с разрешения Медицинской коллегии отставным врачом Изюмского гусарского полка Михаилом Лигдой, по происхождению нежинским греком. В 1778 году её осмотрел доктор медицины П. Паульсон, который в раппорте Медицинской коллегии констатировал её соответствие поставленным задачам. Аптека имела специальную посуду, необходимый набор лекарств и соответствующую мебель. Через 8 лет она перешло к другому владельцу и продолжала работу в 19 веке. Предполагается, что аптека располагалась в доме № 2Б или 6В (в источниках разная нумерация) Московской улицы.
Каменный, одноэтажный дом на подвале, с массивными металлическими дверями и такими ж ставнями, с трехскатной крышей. Расположен на углу улиц Московской и Братьев Зосим, что обуславливает форму дома в виде неправильного четырёхугольника со скошенными углом (со стороны перекрёстка). Имел два входа с Московской улицы. Чердак с решётчатыми окнами — использовался для сушки и хранения лекарственных растений. Вероятно, что при аптеке был собственный аптекарский огород. Фасад по углам акцентирован пилястрами, декорирован фронтонами над окнами, нишами, завершается аркатурным фризом (со стороны Московской) и карнизом.
В 19 — начале 20 веков в Нежине действовало 4 аптеки: на улице Гоголя, на Базарной площади (улица Подвойского), на Московской улице, на углу Судейской (Гребёнки) и 1-й Лицейской (Ленина) улиц.
На фасаде дома установлена мемориальная доска «Памятник истории. Аптека 18 века. Основана в 1777 г. отставным врачом Изюмского гусарского полка нежинским греком М. Лигдой».
Примечания
Литература
Чернігівщина: Енциклопедичний довідник, К.: УРЕ і м. М. П. Бажана, 1990. — с.531 НІЖИНСЬКІ АПТЕКИ.
СТРУКТУРА СЕГМЕНТУ НЕРУХОМИХ ПАМ’ЯТОК ПАМ’ЯТКОЄМНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА НІЖИНА С. Ю. Зозуля УДК [930/2](477.51)
Памятники архитектуры Нежина
Памятники истории Нежина | 21,005 |
sn84024656_1856-07-07_1_4_3 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,856 | None | None | English | Spoken | 165 | 339 | Is* Iks and gentlem-n can be watted on at thoir residences tf 4e etred, wlfbnwt evtra charge. _ fffW• s as as ft 1" • ruiHM, fit ft rtf 10 hM, ttllmn'i lhr.rfi POmhiIcVt. $ l« hMi lUr »■<■>>* *Mai OO h*,l. Ut- «( W.«fc( Ct4«r VW|« M in 'to tp^f nni P»«rh Drunt, j J<U_ W^MlClVciUnnSSB. Ma. || fwt 0 ClIMm IKHSHNOI IIM. ( MITtl. w, ff have in g<e» s large assortment of Hu shoe# (No’h, a—m, led ! from Jin « IB. and We would r- spretfully Invite the gtefttk* of mliters to Inspeet the same, (be cMb now soH by ue. Is kb* a ties* If the >iat a* we hare sold for 9b years, and is tie best ankle Menu factured for sal- hy SMITH. RIVnpfR A 00. >-V7 |o*r-netee* of WardWnre ot.4 RamBerv Rp tmused, Wa JA 1 A t !»• I • Li «f |OsJ quo • K.cb | mood and for sals by DAVENPORT, ALLIS ff 00.. | 13,719 |
https://github.com/ebatianoSoftware/CrossX/blob/master/Xx/Xx/XxSchemaBindable.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | CrossX | ebatianoSoftware | C# | Code | 29 | 72 | using System;
namespace Xx
{
public class XxSchemaBindable : Attribute
{
public XxSchemaBindable(bool bindable = true)
{
Bindable = bindable;
}
public bool Bindable { get; }
}
}
| 12,568 |
sn90059522_1887-01-19_1_11_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | None | None | English | Spoken | 6,412 | 10,476 | YESTERDAY'S MARKET, Wheat Held Very Steady Yesterday Among Chicago Board of Trade Speculators. It Covered About the Same Range of Prices as on Monday, Closing Lower. The Feeling Was, as a General Thing, Extremely Quiet, With Small Dealings. Transactions In the Financial Circles of Wall Street—General Quotations. Chicago, Jan. 18— The wheat market held very steady today, covering about the same range of prices as on yesterday, and closing for the day a shade lower than yesterday. The feeling was very quiet and at times trading was almost at a standstill. The cables had a firm tone, and reports from California continue to be circulated of the serious outlook for the wheat crop on the coast, owing to the prolonged drought. The market in the latest trading closed at nearly inside figures. There was scarcely any speculation in corn, and the general tone of the market was one of heaviness. The price for May delivery declined to 41½c and closed at 11½c. The receipts show a falling off, attributed in part to the blockade on many of the roads. Oats was quiet and easy, closing, however, at yesterday's prices. The receipts of hogs were checked by the extremely cold weather and railroad delay. Mess pork opened a shade higher, but fell off 10½c per barrel, rallied and closed at yesterday's figures. Lard and short ribs showed no essential change in values. THE QUOTATIONS. The leading futures ranged as follows: Wheat — No. 2, January, opened at 7½c. Closing at 78½c; February, 78½c, closing at 78½c; March, 71½c, closing at 79½c; May, 85½c, closing at 85½c. Corn— No. 2 January, 35% c, closing at 35% c; February, 36% c, closing at 36% c; May, 36% c, closing at 36% c. Oats — No. 2 January, 26% c, closing at 26% c; February, 20% c, closing at 26% c; May, 30% c, closing at 30% c. Mess pork per barrel — January, $11.90, closing at $11.92%; February, $11.90, closing at $11.92%; March, $12.02, closing at $12.02%; May, $12.25, closing at $12.25. Lard per 100 pounds — January, $6.05, closing at $6.07%; February, $6.05, closing at $6.07%; March, $6.12%, closing at $6.12%; May, $6.27%, closing at $6.25. Short ribs per 100 pounds — January, $6.05, closing at $6.07%; February, $6.05, closing at $6.07%; March, $6.12%, closing at $6.12%; May, $6.27%, closing at $6.25. C. e.i quotations were as follows: Flour quiet and unchanged. Wheat No. 2 spring, 78% c; No. 3 spring, 70@72c; No. 2 red, 79% c. Corn— No. 2, 35% c. Oats— No. 2, 26@26%c. Rye— No. 2, 53% c. Barley— No. 2, 52% c. Flax Seed— No. 1, $1.87. Timothy Seed— Prime, $1.88. Mess pork per bbl, $11.93%. Lard, per 100 lbs. $6.42%. Short ribs, sides, loose, 56.07%; dry salted shoulders, boxed, $4.90@5; short clear sides, boxed, [email protected]. Whisky, distillers' finished goods, per gal, $1.18. Sugars, cut loaf, 6½@6½c; granulated, 6½c; Sandard "A," 5½c. Receipts— Flour, 19,000 barrels; wheat, 42,000 barrels; corn, 113,000 barrels; oats, 119,000 barrels; rye, 2,000 barrels; barley, 59,000 barrels. Shipments—Flour, 26,000 barrels; wheat, 25,000 barrels; corn, 38,000 barrels; oats, 135,000 barrels; rye, 6,000 barrels; barley, 11,000 barrels. On the produce exchange today the butter market was quiet; creamery, 23½@30c; dairy, 18½@26c. Eggs, 28½@30c. FLOUR BETWEEN KEY. Pres. F. W. Anderson, Cashier C.W. UHIGGS. Vice Pres. A. C. AXDEIISON, Asst. C. THE ST. PAUL NATIONAL BANK CAPITAL. $500,000- Corner Fifth and Jackson streets. MICHAEL DORAN & CO., COMMISSION MERCHANTS, ST. PAUL, MINN. Grain and provisions bought and sold for cash or future delivery. Commission one-eighth. Orders for the purchase and sale of stocks on any stock exchange in the country promptly executed. We have the only direct private wire from St. Paul to Chicago and New York. Unlink Wheat. Special to the Globe. Duluth, Minn., Jan. 18. The market today was quiet but ruled steady and firm with a strong tendency. The trading was but fair. The receipts here are very small. Only 9 cars were reported on track. The snow blockade has probably kept back cars on the way. No cars have been taken in store here since Thursday last. Cash wheat, none sold; No. 1 hard worth about 80% c; January sold at 80%c; May opened at $6%c, dropped back %c, advanced to the opening price, cased off again and closed at 86%c; June opened at 85c, sold up %c, closed off and closed at 88c. After noon Board— The market was quiet. May sold at 86%c and closed at 86%c. June sold at 88c. MARRETT & HUFFMAN, GOT Jackson Street, GRAIN, PROVISION and STOCK BROKERS. Direct private wire to all markets. Prompt attention given to orders by mail or wire. Commission Vs. ROLLINS, HUFFMAN & CO., Grain, Provisions and Stock Brokers, Eighth STREET, hotel Ryan, St. Paul, Miss. New York Produce. New York, Jan. 18.— Exports, 655 bbls and sacks; receipts, 24,777 bbls and 815 sacks; low grades scarce and firm, others dull and in buyers' favor; sales, 11,800 bbls. Wheat — Receipts. 62,700 bu; exports. 107,409 bu; spot a shade better but less active; options opened firm and advanced %@%e, later ruled easier and lost improvement, closing steady: sales, 2,560,000 bu futures, 146,000 bu spot; No. 2 spring, 93% c; No. 1 hard, $1.00; ungraded red, 87%@91%c; No. 3 red, 92®92%c; No. 2 red 93%@93%e elevator, 93c f.o.b.; No. 1 red, 95% c; No. 1 white, 93% c; ungraded white, 92%@92%c; No. 2 red January, nominal at 92% c; February, 92 13-16@93%c, closing at 92%c; March, 94%@94%c, closing at 94%c; April, 95%@95%c, closing at 95%c; May, 96%@97%c, closing at 96%; May, 96%@97%c, closing at 49%c. Corn a shade stronger and moderately active; options dull; receipts, 24,000 bu; exports, 26,547 bu; sales, 416,000 bu futures and 150,000 bu spot; ungraded, 47%@48%c; steamer, 46%@47c; elevator, 48%@18%c delivered; No. 2, 47%@47½c; elevator, 45%@49c delivered; steamer, 49%@49c; No. 2, January, nominal at 47%c; February, 48@48c closing at 48%c; May, 50%@50%c. Closing at 50% c. Oats a shade better but quiet: receipts, 26,600 bu; exports, 50 bu; mixed Western, 3s%@37c; white, 3S@42c. Coffee fair; Rio, quiet at 15c; options fairly active and strong; sales, 75,000 bags: January, $13.20 @13.25; February, $13.06 @13.20; March, $13.05 @13.15; April, $13.05 @13.15; May, $13.05 @13.20; June, $13.05 @13.20; July, $13.05 @13.20. Sugar dull and easy; fair to good refining quoted at 4 9-16@4 11-16 c; refined dull; granulated, 5%@5 13-16c. Molasses steady and quiet. Petroleum firm: united closed at 72 1/2c. Turpentine steady at 39 1/2c. Eggs dull and weak; receipts, 2,200 packages; Western, 29c. Wool quiet and steady: domestic fleece, 30@38c; Texas, 9@25c. Pork steady and moderately active; mess, [email protected] for old, $13.75 for new; cut meats steady; pickled bellies, 6%@6c. Lard less active; Western steam spot, 50. 70; January, [email protected]; February, $6.73; March, $8.80; April, $6.87; May, [email protected]; June, $7.01; city steam, $6.60. Butter quiet and firm; Western, 12@13c; Elgin creamery, 32c. Cheese firm, with fair inquiry; Western flat, 11@12 1/2c. New York, Jan. 18.— Money on call easy at 5@5 per cent., closing at 5. Prime mercantile paper, 6@7. Sterling exchange steady at 5@6 for sixty-day bills and 456% for demand. Government bonds were dull but steady. State Bonds were dull and steady. The stock market, except for a half dozen cocks, which included Richmond & West Point, Reading, Jersey Central, Lackawanna, Shore and Union Pacific, was very dull throughout the day and presented little feature of importance. Fluctuations were generally confined within a range of 1 percent. The cool stocks absorbed the greater part of the interest, the Southern stocks becoming much less prominent and their movements were confined within an ordinary scope. The state of the London market allowed no margin or arbitrage business which, with the waning interest in the Richmond & West Point, East Tennessee deal; served to make the first hour's business the dullest in many days. The opening was irregular, changes from last evenings prices ranging up to % per cent, both ways. The trading was light and prices were weak, the Southern stocks being conspicuous until toward 11 o'clock when the list rallied and became positively dull. The improvement lasted into the afternoon when the market eased again until the last hour when a firmer tone prevailed and the close was steady to firm but dull. Sales, 249,016 shares. The net result of the day's transactions is that the list shows irregular changes which are generally for fractions only. Railroad bonds were devoid of feature, the fluctuations being slight and the course of prices irregular, but generally in an upward direction. Sales, 1,255,000 shares. Chesapeake & Ohio series B, small bonds, rose 2% to 80. Texas Pacific terminal receipts 2% to 69. Indiana, Bloomington & Western 2ds lost 2 to 5. Knoxville & Ohio, 2% to 98. Shen Arriving at the Valley list, 2 to 98. The total sales of stocks today were 249,016 shares, including: Del. Lack. & W. 19,540 Reading. 38,850 Erie 5,210 St. Paul 9,280 Lake Shore.. 22,189 Texas Pacific 6,650 Louisville & N... 4,450 Union Pacific 11,865 N. J. Central.... 15,900 Western Union.. 4,971 N. W. HARRIS & CO., BANKERS, CHICAGO. DAWDS Of Counties, Cities and others of high quality, bought and sold. Eastern of flee: 68 Devonshire street, Boston. Correspondence solicited. THE CAPITAL BANK, Drake Block, St. Paul, Minn. CAPITAL $100,000. SURPLUS $30,009 L. L. Heed, President; W. D. Kuts, Cashier; Oas. A. Quotations of Stocks and Bonds. New York, Jan. 18. — The following are the closing prices bid today: United States 3s, 100 Kansas & Texas, 31% do 4s, coup... 1273 Lake Erie &W., 18 do coup. 11034: Lake Shore 14 14 Pacific 4s 0f 45. 125 Louisville &N., 05% La; stamped 45.. 79% Louisville &N. A. 60 Missouri 6s 100% Memphis &C... 60 Ten.Cssefme'ts- 105 Mich, Central... 91 do as- 100 Mm. & St. Louis. 19 do 3s- 78½ do preferred.. 44% Central P. 1sts. 114% Missouri Pacific. 107 D.& Rio. G. 1sts 119½ Mobile & Ohio... 16% do West 1sts... 81 Morris &E 139% Erie 2ds 93% Nashville &C... 85 M.K.&T. gen. 6s. 99% N.J. Central 68% N. P. 1sts 116% Nor. & W. pfd.. 50% do 2ds 101% North. Pacific... 1½% N. W. consols... 131 do preferred.. 59% do 2ds 110% Chicago &N. W. 113% St.L.& S.F. tr.m.. 110% do preferred.. 138 St. P. consols... 128½ N. J. Central... 113½% St. P.,C.&P. 1sts 120% Ohio & Miss 28 T. Pac. L. G 61% do preferred.. 92% T. Pac. R.G. ex-C. 71 Ontario & West. 19 P. L. & S. F. 114% Oregon Transcontinental 3:1% West Shore Pacific Mail 51% Adams Express. 140 Peoria, D. & E... 34% Alt. Tor. Haute. 31 Pittsburgh 151 do preferred.. 81% Pullman Palace. 143% Am. Express. 107;% Reading 35% B. C.H.&N 50 ",Rock Island.... 125% Canada Pacific. 67% St. L. & San. F.. 31% Canada Southern. 00% do preferred.. 65% Central Pacific. 41 I do 1st pref'd.. 116% Chesapeake & Ohio. 8% C. M. & St. Paul. 69% do preferred. 15 I do preferred. 117% do 2nds 10 i St. Paul M. & M. 11434 Chicago & Alton.. 143% St. Paul & Omaha.. 49% do preferred.. 155 j do preferred.. 108 C. B. & Q 137% Texas Pacific. 26% C. St. L. & Pitts. 17% Union Pacific. 59 do preferred.. 39 U. S. Express... 63 C. S. & C 56 \V.,St. L. & Pac... 16% Cleve. Col 64 do preferred.. 30% Del. Hudson 103% Wells Fargo Ex. 126 Del. Lack. & W. 135% W. U. Telegraph 73% D. & Rio Grande 27 0., R. & N 101 Erie 33% O. Improvement nt.. 42. do preferred.. 72 Col. Coal 39 East Tennessee. 14% N. Y. C. & St. L.. 11 do preferred. 78 | do preferred. 24 Fort Wayne... 145 M. L. & W... 69 Harlem 216 do preferred. Liberal Advances Made on Consignments of Grain. LEY & HUSTON ST. PAUL. Railway and Building Shares. LONDON. U. S. bonds, 130% Illinois Central... 137% do 4%s 112% Mexican ordinary 50% A. & G. W. 1sts.. 49% St. Paul Common. 92% do 2ds 13 N. Y. Central 116% Canadian Pacific. 69% Pennsylvania 58 Erie 34% Reading 20% do 2ds.. 101% NEW YORK. Alice 115 Sierra Nevada... 87s Bulwer 310 Standard 110 Bodie 310 Savage M) 0 Caledonia B. & H.. 11s' Union Consol 500 Deadwood 340 Hornestake 13% Eureka Con 550 Iron Silver 210 Hale & Norcross..Boo!Ont.ir:o 22 Iron Hill 110 Quicksilver 7 Mexican 650| do preferred... 32 Mono 315|Sutro 21 BOSTON. Atch & Top Ist..124 Little Rock & FtS 45 Atch & Top R. R. US Old Colony 179 Boston & Albany. 199 Rutland pref 36% Boston & Maine. 20 Wis. Cen. Com... "3% C, B. & Q 137% Allouez 'new;.... 2% C. S. & C 27 Calumet & Hecla.20ß Eastern railroad. 124 Catalpa 35 do 6s 127% Franklin 14 Flint & P. M. pref Powable (new)... 2 Mex. Cent. com... 13%: Quincy 60 do bond scrip.. 76 (Bell Telephone... do 1st mort. b-. 59% Boston Land 9 N. Y. N. Eng.. 54% Water Power 6 Co 7s 125 WILKINS & CLARK. Produce Commission. Butter, Eggs, Poultry, Consignments solicited. 390 Jackson street. St. Paul. LOCAL MARKETS. St. Paul. Wheat opened pretty stiff, with the hard varieties in good demand, and considerable trading was accomplished. The sample stands were well supplied, and local millers were active buyers of pretty nearly all grades offered, while exporters were interested in No. 1 hard, taking nearly all offered. Corn was weak and declined 1c. Oats were about steady with a good demand, and prices substantially unchanged. Barley was in better demand and was 1c higher, Rye was steady. Ground feed quiet. Bran dull. Hogs have changed but little. The best grades are in very light supply, while the cheaper varieties are abundant. Dressed hogs (steady. Seeds and potatoes unchanged. Eggs are very firm indeed, and are likely to still further advance. The call: Wheat — Unchanged: No. 1 hard, 77½c bid; No. 1 Northern, 76½c bid; No. 2 Northern, 75c bid. — No. 2, 36c asked; January, 36c asked. Oats — Mixed, 27c bid; January, 27c bid; May, 32½c asked; No. 2 white, 28c bid; May, 33c asked; No. 3 white, 27c bid. Barley No. 2, 48c bid. Rye — No. 2, 45c bid. Ground Feed — No. 1, $15 asked; No. 2, $14.50 asked. Bran — asked. Hay — No. 1, $7.50 asked; No. 2, $7.50 asked; timothy, $9.50 bid, $10.50 asked. Dressed Hogs — bid, 85.60 asked. Timothy — $1. 65 bid. Clover Seed— $4.15 bid. Potatoes — 60c asked. Eggs— 2Bc bid, 29c asked. Sales — 5 cases eggs, 29c; 1 car feed, $1.25; 1 car corn, 36c; 1 car feed, $15; 2 cars mixed oats, 27% c; 2 cars timothy hay, $10.25; 1 car hay, $6. BANK OF MINNESOTA. Paid Up Capital $600,000; Surplus $103,000. Wm. Dawes, Pres. Roar. A. Smith, V. Pres. ALBERT SCHRFFEtt. Cashier. Sixth and Jackson streets. St. Paul, Minnesota. ST. PAUL TRUST COMPANY, Corner Jackson and Fourth streets. Raffin's Patent Vatilla Seed Boxes of convenient Odyssey. Excellent for treating various ailments. Chamber of Commerce. On the local board there was some disposition to sell wheat, but buyers were not anxious to pay any more than on the day previous. The inquiry was moderate, owing partly to the difficulty of moving cars at present. Storms have cut off receipts, and but a few cars were offered on the sample tables. No. 1 hard was offered at 80c, and later at 79c. Closing quotations were 79c for cash, January or February, and 84c May. Buyers were bidding for any amount of cash wheat on track. No. 1 Northern was quoted at 79c for cash, January or February, and 81c May. No. 2 Northern ruled nominal at 77c for cash, January or February, and 81c May. Note — In sales of wheat by sample, grade has little if any effect in making prices, that being determined by quality and percentage of hard in each parcel. Sales included: 5,000 bu No. 1 hard, May, 84½c; 5,000 bu No. 1 hard, May, 84½c. Car lots by sample: 3 cars No. 1 hard, oats, 81c; 2 cars No. 1 hard, oats, 80½c; 2 cars No. 1 hard, oats, 80½c; 3 cars No. 1 Northern, oats, 80½c; 3 cars No. 1 Northern, oats, 80½c; 1 car sample, oats, 75c; 1 car No. 2 white oats, oats, 2½c. Flour — Patents, sacks to local dealers, $54.40@$4.50; patents, for shipment, sacks, car lot, $54.35@$4.45; in barrels, $54.50@$4.60; delivered at New England points, $5.25@$5.35; delivered at Philadelphia and Baltimore, $5.10@$5.30; bakers', $3.50@$3.70; superfine, $1.50@$2.25; Red Dog, sack, $1.25@$1.40; Red Dog, bbls, $1.55@$1.75; rye, $1.25@$1.40. MINNEAPOLIS PROVISION COMPANY! 24 and 26 South First Street, Minneapolis, - - Minn. Pork and Beef Packers, AND GENERAL VISION DEALER IVE STOCK. Minnesota Transfer. The market at Minnesota Transfer yesterday was quiet. There were no arrivals on account of the weather and the yards are now about cleared out. Sales were: Cattle— 10,000 No. 1, $1.40 No. 2, $1.40 No. 3, $1.40 No. 4, $1.40 No. 5, $1.40 No. 6, $1.40 No. 7, $1.40 No. 8, $1.40 No. 9, $1.40 No. 10, $1.40 No. 11, $1.40 No. 12, $1.40 No. 13, $1.40 No. 14, $1.40 No. 15, $1.40 No. 16, $1.40 No. 17, $1.40 No. 18, $1.40 No. 19, $1.40 No. 20, $1.40 No. 21, $1.40 No. 22, $1.40 No. 23, $1.40 No. 24, $1.40 No. 25, $1.40 No. 26, $1.40 No. 27, $1.40 No. 28, $1.40 No. 29, $1.40 No. 30, $1.40 No. 31, $1.40 No. 32, $1.40 No. 33, $1.40 No. 34, $1.40 No. 36, $1.40 No. 37, $1.40 No. 38, $1.40 No. 39, $1.40 No. 40, $1.40 No. 42, $1.40 No. 42, $1.40 No. 44, $1.40 lower; natives, [email protected]; Western, [email protected]; Texans, 52.40@4; lambs, [email protected]. AN ACT Senate File 13. To authorize the Common Council of the City of St. Paul to issue the bonds of said city for the construction of a free wagon bridge for public use across the Mississippi river at some point between Wilkin street and Randolph street to a point in the Sixth (6th) ward of said city, on or near the top of the bluff opposite thereto as practicable, lying between the east line of Oliver's Addition to West St. Paul and the western boundary of the Sixth (6th) ward of the City of St. Paul. Be it Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota. Section 1. That the Common Council of the City of St. Paul, by a majority vote, is hereby authorized and empowered to issue the bonds of said city, with coupons attached, to the amount of five hundred thousand ($500,000) dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary for the purpose of constructing a free wagon bridge for public use across the Mississippi river at some point between Wilkinson street and Randolph street to a point in the Sixth (6th) ward of said city, on or near the top of the bluff opposite thereto as practicable, lying between the east line of Oliver's Addition to West St. Paul and the western boundary of the Sixth (6th) ward of the City of St. Paul. Sec. 2. The said bonds shall be of the denomination of one thousand ($1,000) dollars each and shall bear interest at a rate not exceeding five (5) percent per annum payable annually, at the Financial Agency of the City of St. Paul, in the City of New York, and the principal of said bonds shall be made payable at the said Financial Agency in the City of New York in thirty (30) years from their date of issue. Sec. 3. The Common Council of the City of St. Paul shall have the supervision of the construction of the said bridge, and the Common Council is hereby authorized and empowered to and shall make provision by the levying of taxes or otherwise for the payment of the principal and interest of the bonds issued under and by virtue of the authority and power granted by This act, as the same may become due. Sec. 4. — It is hereby made the duty of the Common Council of the City of St. Paul, before the contract or contracts for the construction of the said bridge are let, to cause the establishment of the grade of all the streets intersected by or running to or from the said bridge and its approaches, and the said Common Council is hereby authorized and empowered to condemn any property necessary to be taken for the purpose of constructing the said bridge and its approaches. Said condemnation proceedings shall be made and done in accordance and under the law governing like proceedings in said City of St. Paul, and the costs and expenses necessarily incurred in the said establishment of the grade of streets as above provided, and for the condemnation proceedings arising out of and under the provisions of this Act, shall be assessed upon the property benefited thereby. But no part of the cost of establishing or changing the grades of streets or condemning property for the purpose of said bridge or its approaches shall be paid out of the proceeds of the said bonds or from any fund or moneys in the treasury of the said City of St. Paul, not properly applicable. Sec. 5.— The following citizens and taxpayers of the City of St. Paul are hereby appointed as a Special Commission to locate the said free bridge as provided and contemplated by this Act, viz: Leonard W. Eundlett, William Crooks and W. A. Soiners, and in case any of the said Special Commissioners use to serve, or should a vacancy occur, then such vacancy shall be filled by the Common Council appointing a suitable person or persons who shall be citizens and taxpayers of the City of St. Paul. All expenses incurred by the said Special Commission in locating the said bridge shall be paid in like manner as all other claims against the said city are paid. Sec. 6. — That immediately after the passage of this Act, or as soon thereafter as practicable, the said Special Commissioners shall proceed to locate the said bridge as provided and contemplated by this Act, and report the location of the same to the Common Council of the City of St. Paul. The majority report of the said special commissioners shall be final and shall be adopted by the said Common Council. Sec. 7. All acts and parts of acts which are inconsistent with this act are hereby repealed. Sec. 8. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved Jan. 17, A. D. 1837. STATE OF MINNESOTA, Department of State, I, H. Mattson, Secretary of the State of Minnesota, do hereby certify that I have compared the foregoing copy with the original in my office of Senate File 13th, and that said copy is a true and correct transcript of said original and of The whole thereof. In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the Great Seal of the State, at the Capitol in St. Paul, on this 17th day of January, A. D. 1887. H. Matteson, Secretary of State. EXECUTORS' SALE. Pursuant to an order of the Probate Court of the County of Ramsey and State of Minnesota, duly made and entered therein on the 10th day of January, 1887, in the matter of the estate of Daniel Brough, deceased, we, the undersigned, executors of said estate, will sell at public auction at ten (10) o'clock in the forenoon on Friday, the 11th day of February A. D. 1887, at the front door of the office of the said Probate Court, in and for said county, the following described real estate belonging to the estate of the late Daniel Brough, namely: Lot number three (3) of Fort Street Out Lots to the City of St. Paul, together with all the improvements thereon. WILLIAM P. MICKAY, JAMES DILLON. Executors of said Estate. Dated St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 18, 1887. janl9-4wwed. STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF HENRY. In the matter of the assignment of J. X. Priester. Notice is hereby given that said J. X. Priester, of Minneapolis, in said county and state, has by deed in writing, dated January 15, 1887. Made a general assignment to the undersigned, of all his property not exempt by law from levy and sale on execution, for the benefit of all his creditors, without preludes. All claims must be verified and presented to the undersigned for allowance. Dated Jan. 18, 1887. PAUL SCHMIDEMAN, Assignee. "FOB THE _ " W. L° DOUGLAS Be 3 (. material, perfect fit equals any (5 or $6 shoe, every pair warranted. Take none unless stamped "W. L. Douglas' $3.00 Shoe, Warranted." Congress. Button and Lace. Boys ask /£} for the W. L. Douslas' « — — . Jr 82.00 Shoe. Same styles us wv* — fj the Jtf 00 Shoe. If yon cannot **fa j M get i.hese shoes from deal- *■*'!$•! : i3 era, lend address on postal <7?odj _ Si - card to W. L. Douglas, <K / \/ jV S§\ Brockton, Mass. j^yAay A. *• gjl For Sale by CINCINNATI SHOE CO., 17;, £ iit»t sevinia istreei. St. Paul • DENNIS BTAS, HEXTCT D. SQUIRES ROBEBT A. BETHUN* JOH.V W. BELL. RYAN DUG CO., IMPORTING AND JOBBING DRUGGISTS AXJ> DRUGGISTS' A SUNDRYMEN. 25,227, 229 East Third street, - ST. PAUL SAINT PAUL WANTS. ; SITUATIONS OFFERED. A GOOD MEAL for 10 cents; beefsteak or pork chop, or sausage, or ham, or fish, with potatoes, 5 cents; cup of coffee, with rolls and butter, 5 cents; mutton chops 10 cents; ham and eggs 10 cents; oyster stew 15 cents; clam chowder 15 cents. New York Restaurant, 442 Jackson St.; open all night. A FINE STOCK— Immediately, 3 gentlemen to learn railroad and commercial telegraph business at the Globe Telegraph company, corner Fourth and Jackson, 330 Jackson St. BARBER— corner Seventh and Washington. BOY at E. McEller & Co.'s book bindery, 101 East Third St. BOY for a good strong boy to do chores about restaurant; German preferred. Inquire at St. Paul Exchange restaurant, 355 Jackson. BOYS— Two stout, at St. Paul Mattress company, corner Fourth and Pine. BOY for office work by H. W. Davis & Co., 151 Drake Block. DOY at 29 West Third St. BOOKKEEPER— Reliable one in retail store; must give bond. Globe. COOK— Good Scandinavian for city restaurant, $12 to $15 per week; teamster for city, $15 per month; 25 woodchoppers, $1 per cord; 10 tie makers, 7 cents each. Seventh, corner Sibley. COMPOSITION. OR— L. M. Fisher, 63 East Third. OVIPOSITOR at once at Payne, Vose & Co., 15 Hale block, Jackson & Third sts. RAUGHTSMAN, architectural, wanted; first-class. Walter He, Architect, 70 Court Block, Fourth st. EXPERIENCED and energetic men wanted to handle the Triumph self-wringing mop; we can show larger sales by our agents than any other household article in the market: send for catalogue and price list; good territory free. Address Triumph Self-Wringing Mop company, 255 First ay. south, Minneapolis, Minn. OFFICE BOY— Good penman preferred. Inquire room 36, Bank of Minnesota building. ALKIN— Three local, five traveling, salary and expenses; no expense necessary. Address, with stamp, Palmer & Co., La Crosse, Wis. ACTIVE SOLICITORS in Minneapolis and St. Paul; business first-class, good pay. Call or address the People's office, 654 Temple court. CHOCOLATEER at 495 Wabasha st. STRIPPER— One good stripper at 370 Robert st. LOR— Good; at once. L. Gross, merchant tailor. Wells, Minn. ANTED— Old agent; a good lively man to sell our superior brands of lubricating oils to dealers and consumers, on commission; a good chance for the right man. J. R. Timmins & Co., Cleveland, O. In the event of a ten-more bridge carpenters, $2.25 per day; free fare; ship Thursday night. Moore's employment office, 53 Sibley St., St. Paul, opposite union depot. ANTED—A Globe carrier for the business district and one for Dayton's bluff district; must be bright and active and come well recommended. W. E. Magraw, circulator. WANTED— Enterprising men in every town and city in Dakota to sell the "Great Conspiracy," Gen. John A. Logan's wonderful book; every one able to buy a book wants this work. Write for territory and agents' terms. Geo. Lambert & Co., 357 Jackson st., St. Paul, Minn. WANTED— Enterprising men and women in every county in Minnesota and Dakota to sell Jamieson, Fausset & Brown's Bible Commencement in 4 volumes; it costs only $10 and sells readily; with reference for territory and agents' terms we deal liberally with energetic agents. Geo. Lambert & Co., 357 Jackson St., St. Paul, Minn. WANTED — One good waiter for restaurant. Call at once at 239 Sibley st. 3 7 " OXG MEN and ladies to learn telegraphy, shorthand and typewriting. Day and evening classes; chance for men to nearly cover all expenses while learning: terms reasonable; send for circulars. Globe Telegraphy company, 330 Jackson St., St. Paul. 27a» 1 fZ. MEX to cut cordwood. $1 per cord; fine lumber; pay monthly. Loveland & Co., 320 Wacouta st. _^ 19 CA STATION MEX for Wisconsin, 15 cents to 20 cents per yard: 20 to cut tote roads; year's work. Colton, 308 Minnesota St., 12 Second st., south, Minneapolis. 13-22 A'NOTHING carlors or girls can get places free at Hayes' intelligence office; plenty of places, two, three and four in family, $10 to $15; dining-room, kitchen, family cooks, second girls, restaurant girls, hotel girls wanted. 489 Wabasha st., near Capitol. 10-19 APPRENTICES— immediately, 4 ladies to learn shorthand; terms reasonable. Apply to Globe Telegraph company, corner Fourth and Jackson. 330 Jackson St., St. Paul, Minn. 333-* APPRENTICES— immediately, 4 ladies to learn to operate shorthand machines. Apply to Globe Telegraph company, corner Fourth and Jackson. 330 Jackson St., St. Paul, Minn. 3:18-* COOK— Experienced, and laundress for a family. Of three: 147. Pleasant Ave. DUBLIN at room 15, Forepaugh block. Seven corners. IXIXG-ROOM GIRL at St. James hotel inm:elate3\ 2 ING-BOOM GIRLS— Two. Apply at Grand Central hotel. 1 ING ROOM GIRL and girl to help in kitchen. 334 Exchange st. 1 GIRL for general housework. 181 Iglehart St.: $12 per month. 4 GIRL for general housework in a family of 4; no objection to German who cannot speak English, 653 Ashland ay. 4 GIRLS, dining room, wanted at once at Ingalis house. Grand Forks, Dak. 19-23 GIRL for general housework. 391 Wabasha st. GIRL, good; must understand cooking. 350 Cedar st. 3 GIRL for general housework. O. D. Wyman, Minnesota Transfer. 4 About 15 years old, to help with house work in private family. -i*> South Oak st. 3 GIRL for light housework, good wages, at 383 Fort st., near Sixth. 3 GIRL— Good cook; modern house. 200 East Tenth st. ; call 6toop. m. 2 GIRL— Good; for general housework. Mrs. Dibble. 381 Pleasant ay. -i IRL for general housework at 626 Pine st.: good wages and steady place. 2 GIRL to do general housework. 310 Nelson ay. GIRLS— or four experienced folders at VX Nord vesten bookbindery, 13 West Fourth St.; GIRL at 153 College Ave. for cooking and kitchen work; must be neat and experienced. Good, for general housework, at 704 St. Peter St., good wages. 1 Competent for general housework at 407 VX Holly St.; three in family: $12. 1 HELP, to do general housework. Call at 613 VJT Laurel St., 1 GIRL for general housework in small family, at AX once, 638 Ashland St.; 1 GIRL, competent, for second work and to assist in washing. Apply to Mrs. W. A. Fogg, 373 Grove St. 1 IRL, competent, for general housework; good VX wages; must furnish references. Apply 619 Grand St., corner Floral St. 1 GIRL for general housework, 133 West Fifth St. 1 GIRL for general housework; four in the family. 579 Holly St. 1 GIRL— A good second girl at once. Apply at 397 East Tenth St., between 12 and 5. 15-23 WITCHEN GIRL— good; good wages. IV 275 East Eighth St. 1 WITCHEN GIRL— good, at 275 East Eighth St. 4 LADY that speaks Swedish and English to give instructions on sewing machines. Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Co., 414 Walasha St. 4 TALES AND GENTLEMEN, learn short-hand and typewriting at a first-class school. Anna C. Drew, Sand 9 Hale Block, opposite Merchants; 332 WURSE GIRL About 15. Apply 293 Prairie st. WANTED: GIRL—at once to Mrs. P. F. Egan, 80 Kent st., or at store 115 East Third St. WANTED: Experienced; 292 West Third St., corner Pleasant Ave. WANTED: In a small family; German preferred. Apply at 200 East Ninth St., corner of Canal St. SECOND GIRL— 553 Robert St. GERMAN, first-class: highest wages to right party. 343 North Washington, opposite Rice Park. SECOND GIRL— Good and competent. Apply at 172 Summit Ave. APHERS call for positions. Anne C. Drew & Co., room 9. Hale block, opposite Merchants. 129. TWO GIRLS for laundry work. 143 East Ninth St. WOMAN to do family washing at her own home. Call 45 St. Peter St. YOUNG GIRL for general housework at 549 Wabasha St. YOUNG GIRL for general housework at 549 Wabasha St. YOUNG GIRL wanted at Kent's Employment Office, 209 West Seventh St. AT AND AROUND SEVEN CORNERS. JOHN A. LAAISS, proprietor, corner of Seventh and Exchange Sts.; steam renovator for cleaning feathers and mattresses; all work guaranteed. 104. SITUATIONS WANTED. BUTCHER — Six years' experience; understands shop tending; first-class sausage maker; salary no object for the winter months; can furnish best references. K. 50, Globe. COOK — A good American cook wants a job at Brown's hotel. Corner Fourth and Pine. CARPENTER — for two weeks' work for good carpenter, inside. Tom Scott, manager, 342 Virginia. DRIVER— Understands the care of fine horses. T. C, Globe. -A "PANICAGEMENT— By bookkeeper (double entry), and cashier, with 3 years' experience: reference from late employers. T. 27, Globe. 18-19 I WANT a job; I am a carpenter of 15 years' standing; can furnish the best of recommendations. P. L. C, Globe. -, WANT a watchman— An experienced and reliable man is ready for such a position. J. B. Pruden. 556 St. Peter st. POSITION of responsibility and trust by reliable man of business experience. For reference call on J. W. Enright tailor. East Sixth POSITION in a commercial business, traveling or otherwise, by experienced business man of 30; married and highest references. D. 101, Globe. 4 POSITION in a stenographer and typewriter as correspondent; references; railroad office preferred. H. V. 8., Globe. 3 POSITION in some office by a young man with good education and writes a good hand; first class references. W. T. T., Globe. 2 POSITION in some office by a young man with good education and writes a good hand; first class references. Bayton S. Baldwin. Richard ton, Dak. 17-21 SITUATION as coachman; well experienced. : G. T.. Globe. ■ ■ . i OITUATION— assistant bookkeeper. clerk O or general office work Dy a young man; -i.M years' experience in country store; speaks Ger man and English. P. G.. Globe. 3 SITUATION— By a young man of business ex 's-) • perience, who can furnish the best of refer ences, as bookkeeper or doing work of any kino." J. X.. 256 East Thirteenth st. 3 ON as collector .for a wood and coal O firm, or to take charge of yard: permanent situation preferred. R.. UGH Bradley st. 1 SITUATION in boarding-house or hotel; wages noobject. W. H. \V., 58 East Seventh st. 4 SITUATION by a first-class plumber; stfic ly »J temperate. A. W., Globe. l SITUATION— By an experienced office clerk . out or work: work for board until ho finds a permanent position; first-class penman. G. W. S., Globe, Minneapolis. 2 SITUATION by a young man as clerk in a store <J or as porter or waiter in a restaurant; have good experience. H. C. Globe. "^ 3 SITUATION' in some country printing offioe by •'a young compositor. A. 3..919 Filth st. south, Minneapolis, Minn. _.' • 2 SITUATION Dy a cook, first or second. A. 8.. Globe. 1 SITUATION— -By painter or varnisher indoor work. G. B. Globe. 1 SITUATION — By an experienced young man. In a furniture store or as hotel carpenter; thoroughly familiar with upholstering and furniture repairing. A. R., 256 East Thirteenth st. WANTED—A few reliable men to sell our lubricating oils through the Northwest on a commission. Manufacturers' Oil Company, Cleveland, O. YOUNG MAN would like work; is willing to work hard; references if required. E., 223 Pearl st. YOUNG MAN wishes to make an engagement with a wholesale or commission house; writing, packing or any work; good reference. T. A., Globe. CARPENTERS wish to take small jobs, will do the work at home if desired. 59 West Tenth st. CLERK— By young lady in store or office; willing to accept small salary. F. E., 199 Oak st. POOK — and pastry; long experience; good reference. 23 East Sixth St. St. Paul. DINING-ROOM Girl Experienced, desires permanent situation. B. B. W., Globe. HOUSEKEEPING— By middle-aged Scotch lady; best of reference. 489 Wahui ha st. SITUATION— A lady with fair education, in office or store; willing to work for small salary if permanent. E. S., 258 Dayton ay. SITUATION as typewriter in an office by a young lady. M. L. Globe. SITUATION as a clerk in store or light office work, by a young lady. P. N., 223 Pearl st. SITUATION to do any kind of store work by a young lady. Y. 12, Globe. YOUNG LADY would like to form a foreign class of those desiring to learn the English language. T. C, Globe. YOUNG LADY studying shorthand would like some kind of light office work, whole or part of the day; wages no object; seemingly to defray expenses while learning. Apply for one week or address M. S., 185 Rondo st. BUSINESS CABINET. OAKERY for sale. 121 Martin st. 19-25 FOR SALE — store; small capital required; good location. Apply 174 East Seventh st. 14.20 FOR SALE — Saloon in good location cheap for cash. Apply at the California Wine House, 42-5 C East Seventh St.- 11-40 FOR SALE — ACCOUNT of change of business, my entire stock of French imported wines, liquors, champagnes are offered for sale at sacrifice figures; all are invited to call and get price list; Northwestern county right for sale of St. Raphael wine. | 43,751 |
https://github.com/christocs/javascript-racer/blob/master/node_modules/fuzzyis/lib/index.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,020 | javascript-racer | christocs | JavaScript | Code | 12 | 49 | module.exports = {
FIS: require('./FIS'),
LinguisticVariable: require('./LinguisticVariable'),
Term: require('./Term'),
Rule: require('./Rule')
}; | 33,184 |
https://ru.stackoverflow.com/questions/1427934 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,022 | Stack Exchange | Qwertiy, https://ru.stackoverflow.com/users/178988, https://ru.stackoverflow.com/users/191482, https://ru.stackoverflow.com/users/474588, ΝNL993, Алексей Шиманский | Russian | Spoken | 366 | 1,026 | Почему не происходит перезаписи значений параметров ф-ции?
Не понимаю почему не происходит перезапись значения аргумента ф-ции на undefined? Я всегда думал, что параметры - это своего рода переменные, только локальные:
//пример с функцией
function func(a, b = 10) {
console.log(a, b);
};
func('word', undefined); //'word' 10 --> перезаписи на undefined не происходит
//пример с переменной
let a = 5;
a = undefined;
console.log(a); //undefined --> перезапись происходит
Почему так работает? Значение по умолчанию у аргумента имеет приоритет?
undefined - Переменная, не имеющая присвоенного значения (из документации). Делай вывод
function func(a, b = 10) { console.log(a, b); b = undefined; console.log(a, b); } func('word', undefined);
Значение по умолчанию - это подстановка значения вместо undefined в момент вызова, а не фоллбэк для переменной.
function func(a, b = 10) {
console.log(a, b);
b = undefined;
console.log(a, b);
++b;
console.log(a, b);
}
func('word', undefined);
Работает примерно так:
function func(a, b) {
if (b === undefined) b = 10;
console.log(a, b);
b = undefined;
console.log(a, b);
++b;
console.log(a, b);
}
func('word', undefined);
А вовсе не так:
function func(a, b) {
with ({
__proto__: null,
get b() { return b === undefined ? 10 : b },
set b(x) { b = x },
}) {
console.log(a, b);
b = undefined;
console.log(a, b);
++b;
console.log(a, b);
}
}
func('word', undefined);
А разве стандартный аргумент не применяется когда введённый аргумент является falsy? (Или nullish, не помню точно)
@ΝNL993, нет, только undefined.
Это происходит из-за того, что если вы вовсе не передадите параметр он по умолчанию будет как undefined.
Пример:
function foo(a){
console.log(a)
}
foo()
/// вывод в логах undefined
Вы предположили, что если в переменную передать undefined то оно перезапишется, но это не так и сработало это только из-за метода console.log.
Пример где не перезаписывается если передать переменную:
const foo = (a,b=40)=>{
console.log(a,b)
}
let c = undefined
foo('word',c)
Тут возникает вопрос, а возможно ли определять передал ли программист осознанно undefined или же его сам подставил механизм языка.
И да это возможно реализовать с помощью arguments или же Spread syntax.
function foo(a,...args){
let b
if(args.length===0){
b=20 //// допустим что 20 это число по умолчанию
}else{
b=args[0]
}
console.log(a,b)
}
foo('123')
foo('123',undefined)
foo('123',1,2,3)
"Пример где не перезаписывается если передать переменную" - что не перезаписывается?
| 16,495 |
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allogonia%20superflua | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Allogonia superflua | https://war.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allogonia superflua&action=history | Waray | Spoken | 35 | 62 | An Allogonia superflua in uska species han Insecta nga ginhulagway ni Fowler hadton 1899. An Allogonia superflua in nahilalakip ha genus nga Allogonia, ngan familia nga Cicadellidae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.
Mga kasarigan
Allogonia | 36,701 |
S_22490-FR.pdf_1 | UN-Digital-Library | Open Government | Various open data | null | Letter dated 12 April 1991 from the Permanent Representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. | None | French | Spoken | 530 | 976 | S
Conseil de s&xwit6 Distr.
GENERALE
SI22490
13 avril 1991
FRANC AIS
ORXGXNAL t ANGLAIS
LETTRE DATEE C'J 12 AVRIL 1991, ADRESSEE AU SECRETAIRE GENERAL PAR
LE BEPRESENTANl! PERMANENT DE LA REPUBLIQUE ISLAMIQUE D'IRAN AUPRES
DE L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES
D'ordre de mon gouvernement , et suite à ma lettre du 3 avril 1991 (51224361,
j’ai l'honneur d'appeler l'attention sur les incidents ci-après, qui constituent de
la part de l'Iraq des violations graves des termes du cessez-le-feu entre l'Iran et
l'Iraq.
Le 25 mars 1991, a 11 h 30, deux hélicoptères iraquiens ont violé l'espace
aériea de la République islamique d’Ifon dans la ville de Manzarieh et la région
frontalière de Khosravi. Les hélicoptères iraquiens ont quitté la région après
avoir mené des opérations de reconnaissance.
Le 26 mat8 1991, entre 9 heures et 14 heures, Ghasr-e-Shirin a été la cible de
30 obus d’artillerie et de mortier de 120 mm tirés par les Iraquiens. Trois obus
ont écrasé le poste fronti&re de Khosravi et deux autres ont atteint le camp de
Khomavi, blessant un garde frontiire.
Ces violations des termes du cesses-le-feu ont fait l’objet d'une protestation
officielle adressée par le Ministère des affaires itrangères de la République
islamique d’Iran b l’knbassade de la R/pkblique d’Iraq à Téhéran. Le teste de la
nets verbale Mo 598/4100 bu 11 avril 199” sdressie h cet effet est joint en aunexe
i la présente lettre.
Je vous serais oblig/r de bien vouloir faire distribuer le texte de la phente
lettre et de son annexe conme document du Conreil de sécurité.
(S.&d) Rama1 KBARRAZI
91-20007 515913 (PJ / . . . w22490
Français
Page 2
ANNEXE
Note verbale da!&Q du 11 ayril 1991, adre&e a 1’Ambassade dQ
ubliaue d’Iraa à Téhéran nar le MJnishé?re des affaireg
de la Réuubliaue islamiaue d’Iran
Le Ministère des affaires étrangères de la République islamique d’Iran
présente ses compliments à 1’Ambassade et a l’honneur de l’informer de ce qui suit :
1, Le 25 mars 1991, à 11 h 30, deux hélicoptères militaires iraquiens ont survolé
la ville de Manzarieh et ses hauteurs ainsi que la zone frontière de Khosravi. Ils
se sont livrés à des opérations de reconnaissance des forces iraniennes stationnées
dans la région et ont ensuite quitté la région sans aucune action.
2, Le 26 mars 1991, de 9 heures à 14 heures, 30 obus d’artillerie et de mortier
de 120 mm ont été tirés en direction de la région de Ghasr-e-Shirin dans le
territoire de la République islamique d’Iran. Trois des obus ont écrasé le poste
frontière de Khosravi et deux autres ont atteint les tentes du camp de Khosravi.
De ce fait un garde frontière a été blessé dans le poste frontière de Rhosravi.
Le Minist&re des affaires étrangères de la République islamique d’Iran appelle
l’attention du Gouvernement de la République d’Iraq sur les répercussions que ces
actes hostiles peuvent avoir sur les relations entre les deux pays et demande
qu’ils cessent.
Le Ministère des affaires étrangères de la République islamique d’Iran saisit
cette occasion peur renouveler à 1’Ambassade les assurances de sa très haute
considération.
Que les opprimés triomphent des oppresseurs!
Le Ministère des affairer étrangàtes
de la Ripublique islamique d’ Iran.
| 28,998 |
https://github.com/devSithu/MJCSN-server/blob/master/app/Dao/Form/SurveyDao.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | MJCSN-server | devSithu | PHP | Code | 293 | 1,071 | <?php
namespace App\Dao\Form;
use App\Contracts\Dao\Form\SurveyDaoInterface;
use App\Models\CommunityUser;
use App\Models\Survey;
use App\Models\SurveyQuestion;
use App\Models\SurveyVisitor;
use App\Models\SurveyVisitorQuestionAnswer;
use App\Models\Visitor;
class SurveyDao implements SurveyDaoInterface
{
/**
* Get All Survey function
*
* @return void
*/
public function getallSurvey()
{
$surveys = Survey::select('*')->get();
return $surveys;
}
/**
* Get visitor function
*
* @param [type] $usernumber
* @return void
*/
public function getCommunityUserByUserNumber($usernumber)
{
$communityuser = CommunityUser::where('user_number', $usernumber)->first();
return $communityuser;
}
/**
* Get survey function
*
* @param [type] $surveyId
* @param [type] $usernumber
* @return void
*/
public function getSurveyBySurveyId($surveyId, $usernumber)
{
$visitor_answered_survey = SurveyVisitor::where('survey_id', $surveyId)->where('user_number', $usernumber)->first();
return $visitor_answered_survey;
}
/**
* Total page of survey question function
*
* @param [type] $surveyId
* @return void
*/
public function totalPageofSurveyQuestion($surveyId)
{
$total_page = SurveyQuestion::select('page')->where('survey_id', $surveyId)->groupBy('page')->get()->count();
return $total_page;
}
/**
* Get survey question function
*
* @param [type] $surveyId
* @param [type] $number_page
* @return void
*/
public function getSurveyQuestion($surveyId, $number_page)
{
$list_survey_question = $this->getSurveyQuestionBranch($surveyId)->where('page', $number_page);
return $list_survey_question;
}
/**
* Get survey question branch function
*
* @param [type] $surveyId
* @return void
*/
public function getSurveyQuestionBranch($surveyId)
{
return SurveyQuestion::where('survey_id', $surveyId)->with(['survey_answers' => function ($query) {
$query->orderBy('survey_answer_id', 'asc')->get();
}])->with(['survey_question_branch_conditions'])->with(['survey_question_validation_rules' => function ($query) {
$query->pluck('validation_rule_id')->toArray();}])->orderBy('order', 'asc')->get();
}
/**
* Community user information function
*
* @param [type] $usernumber
* @return void
*/
public function communityUserInformation($usernumber)
{
$communityuser = CommunityUser::where('user_number', $usernumber)->first();
return $communityuser;
}
/**
* Create survey visitor function
*
* @param [type] $surveyVisitor
* @return void
*/
public function createSurveyVisitor($surveyVisitor)
{
$survey_visitor_id = SurveyVisitor::create($surveyVisitor);
return $survey_visitor_id;
}
/**
* Survey question function
*
* @param [type] $key
* @return void
*/
public function findSurveyQuestion($key)
{
$survey_question = SurveyQuestion::find($key);
return $survey_question;
}
/**
* Create answer of visitor function
*
* @param [type] $data
* @return void
*/
public function createAnswerOfVisitor($data)
{
SurveyVisitorQuestionAnswer::create($data);
}
}
| 21,970 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21747742 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Dhāki Nullah | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 32 | 92 | Dhāki Nullah
Dhāki Nullah
Dhāki Nullah Geonames-ID 1204551
Dhāki Nullah land Bangladesh
Dhāki Nullah instans av flod
Dhāki Nullah GNS-ID -2718287
Dhāki Nullah geografiska koordinater
Dhāki Nullah inom det administrativa området Bangladesh | 4,854 |
sn84022472_1916-05-26_1_1_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | None | None | English | Spoken | 4,689 | 6,149 | VOL. 52 NO. 126 BRIDGEPORT, CONN., FRIDAY, MAY 26, 1916 PRICE TWO CENTS Leads Surprise Attack on gineers, and His Band is Routed Says That His Death Outlaw Band in Northern Chihuahua One American is Killed in Engagement Private is Hero of Sharp Battle. Field Headquarters, near Namiquipa, Mex., May 26, via radio to Columbus, N. M., May 26. -Candelario Cervantes, the Villa bandit leader, was killed by "American troops south of Gruces today. Another Mexican, Jose Bencorne, and an American were killed. Two Americans were wounded. Cervantes and came after he had made a surprise attack south of Comes on a detachment of engineers repairing the motor truck road. He was beaten back; and pursued into the hills by the engineers who had been reinforced by a detachment of the seventh infantry. When the engagement began the bandits outnumbered the Americans two to one, there being twenty of them. The engagement lasted almost an hour. Then a detachment of the seventh Infantry came and the band was killed. Aits broke for cover. Private Hubert was the hero of the fight. His rifle laid low both of the bandits... Cervantes' home was in Namigu. He had been a thorn in the side of the army in northern Chihuahua ever since the expedition began. His death probably means the breaking up of the Villa followers in this section. SIX ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS AND STRIKERS AGREE Closed Shop and $4 Minimum Wage Adopted By Many Local Firms. Six contractors in the electrical business here have agreed to the closed shop, according to an announcement today by James Botsford, business agent of the Electrical Workers. The closed shop and minimum wage has been established in these shops, according to Mr. Botsford. The Berkshire Lighting & Fixture Co., Schlosser & Peck, X. Oorastock Co., E. T. Gallagher, Fred Hans and Joseph Smith, who employ several score of men, have agreed to the union conditions. The electrical workers went on strike several weeks ago, and since then agreements have been made. The others are bound to fall in line, according to Mr. Botsford. "Like General Grant, we propose to fight it out on these lines if it takes all summer," said the tea-union business agent today. "I think there is little doubt of success, because contractors who haven't done electrical work themselves for 15 years or more are now buckling down to the job, taking the places of men who struck." "Probably a dozen strike breakers are working here but we have turned away scores. We merely mention the fact that there is a strike and they seek jobs elsewhere." "The closed shop contractors, are now getting much business that formerly went to others. It is only a question of time before the latter agree. We can work on an open shop proposition and don't propose to try." FIND CONTRACTS FARMED OUT BY GARMENT FIRMS Organizer of Strikers' Union Investigated None Placed in Bridgeport. At the headquarters for Connecticut of the International Ladies' Garment workers, which is in Bridgeport, information was received today that the garment manufacturers in New York, who have strikes at their plants, have "farmed out" much of their work in the Nutmeg State. According to the reports that are being investigated today, factories in New Haven, Waterbury, New Britain, and Stamford, have taken sub-contracts from the New York Arms. Organizer John Pierce of the garment workers union, is investigating these reports. Today he is in New Haven. Letting sub-contracts in Connecticut were expected by the union leaders and they established a headquarters in Bridgeport, from which to maintain surveillance on factories. In this state, a report that one factory of this city was taking sub-contracts was investigated and found without foundation. The weather was slightly cooler and Saturday, moderate temperatures and northeast wind. Detachment of U.S. Army Means the Scattering of General Pershing was gratified over the latest fight, saying that there remains only a few scattered bands to be hunted down. Cervantes Pershing as only to Villa was called by General Second in importance. Plan for Courtmartial San Antonio, Tex., May 26. The names of five officers of the regular army and eight officers of the militia have been forwarded to Washington by General Funston, for the approval of President Wilson, as members of the courtmartial board before which members of the Texas militia, who did not sign the muster roll, will be tried. General Funston also recommended an officer of the regular army to Serve as Judge advocate. The court-martial will be held here. POLICE TO CURB 'ROUGH STUFF' AT CARNIVAL SHOV Ninth District Republican Club Amusement Enterprise Enterprise Is Censored. X. Reports of pickpockets. Hooch & Coochee dance and gambling devices on the show grounds of Leon Washburn carnival being run under the auspices of the Ninth District Republican club, have caused the local police to take action today. Among those who have reported robbery from the person at police headquarters, are L. F. Evernaw, of 562 Arctic street, who claims to have lost $40 last night, and V. H. Coleman, of 86 Ogden street, who reported the loss of $17. Both complainants asserted that their pockets were picked while they were watching the muscular evolutions of the dancers. Though the Ninth District Republican club is directly interested in the carnival upon a percentage scale of the gross receipts, police officers assert that immediate caution has been taken to prevent the continued action of "guns;" as pickpockets traveling with carnivals are termed, the playing for money with wheels or other devices and will closely censor the dances which are reported. U. S. PROTEST ON SEIZURE OF LAND GIVEN TO ENVOYS Washington, May 26 — The American note to Great Britain and France regarding interference with neutral mail will be given out for publication tomorrow morning. Resumes of the note had been cabled to London and Paris by the ambassadors to whom it was given and the complete text is being forwarded by mail. REV. DR. DWIGHT, FORMER HEAD OF YALE UNIVERSITY New Haven, May 26 — Rev. Dr. Timothy Dwight, former president of Yale University, died at his home here today. Prof. Dwight had been in impaired health for several weeks but an announcement of his death today from the office of the secretary of Yale University came in the nature of a surprise to the college faculty and others. Dr. Dwight was retired as president of Yale University several years ago. He followed President Noah Porter, being inaugurated on July 1, 1886. MILITARY MINERS GET INCREASES. Denver, May 26 — Increases in wages generally on a profit-sharing plan affecting approximately 5,000 metal miners of Colorado are to be made by leading operators, it was announced here today. The increase, effective June 1, will range from seven to 12 percent. NAVAL OFFICER TAKES LIFE BY ELECTROCUTION Lieut. Alvin Richards Deliberately Seizes Two High Power Wires. GOES ASHORE AFTER, ORDERS FOR SAILING Posing As Government Inspector Gains Entrance to Sag Harbor Plant. Sag Harbor, N.Y., May 26 Lieut. Alvin Richards, commander of the United States destroyer Fanning, was instantly killed by an electric shock in the station of the Sag Harbor Light & Power Co. here, early today. Harry D. Christian, night Watchman at the station, said it appeared to him that the lieutenant deliberately committed suicide by taking hold of two wires heavily charged with electricity. The Fanning was one of a fleet of war vessels which has been maneuvering in Gardiner's Bay and which has made its headquarters here. Many of the men of the fleet were ashore last night but most of them returned to their vessels which were under orders to leave for Newport at 3 a.m. Why Lieutenant Richards was ashore after the orders to sail were issued, is unknown. Christian said the lieutenant came to the power station two hours before the fleet was to sail and said "he was a government inspector. He pushed Christian aside and, walking into the station, picked up two wires, receiving the shock which killed him." Lieutenant J. C. Jennings, commanding the shore station, who took charge of the body, declined to give any information other than that he would report to the navy department. The Fanning sailed for Newport with the other vessels. Lieutenant Richards was appointed to the navy from Kansas and was 34 years old. STAMFORD PAPER SWEPT BY FIRE; $20,000 DAMAGE Two Blocks in Business Center Are Swept By Disastrous Blaze. Stamford, May 26. Damage estimated at about $20,000 resulted from a fire which started early today in a business block owned by Hyman Frankel and spread to the building of the Stamford Advocate, next door. The fire started in a photography studio on the second floor of the Frankel block. The cause is not known. The chief loser in the Frankel building is Samuel Judd, a hardware dealer, who places his loss at about $10,000. Other occupants who suffered loss were H. B. Gaines, proprietor of the photographic studio. Otto J. Rohde, proprietor of a barber shop, and Frederick A. Reininger, a dentist. The Advocate, building was damaged to the extent of several thousand dollars, the front of the building being partially burned. The mechanical equipment of the paper in the rear of the building was not injured. PRESIDENT WILL OUTLINE WAY TO END WORLD WAR Washington, May 26 President Wilson has confirmed to his advisers, it was learned today, that he hopes to make an address before the League to Enforce Peace here tomorrow night which would promote peace. While it would be primarily a discussion of methods of maintaining peace after the European war has ended, it is understood he will also touch upon the immediate situation abroad. Mr. Wilson has practically completed His speech. Four Battleships "For Stamford Fete" - Stamford, May 26. A division of four battleships will be sent here to take part in the celebration of the 275th anniversary, of the founding of Stamford, June 8 to 11, according to word received today from Washington. The battleships will arrive June 9 and stay three days. THIRSTY HORSES MAY DRINK AT HYDRANTS Means for relieving overheated horses during the summer months are now being arranged through the Animal Rescue league, the United States Boy Scouts, the fire department and the Bridgeport Hydraulic Co. The plans at present contemplated include a relay of scouts from 7 o'clock in the morning until 6 at night, located at convenient hydrants in various sections of the city. Two boys will attend a hydrant with hose and pails to thoroughly wet and give drink to any horses that drivers may wish cared for. They will be on duty daily from June until the 1st of September. DR. WAITE TELLS HOW HE PLANNED DEATHS OF MANY Dentist Held For Murder of Father-in-Law Under Sharp Grilling. GROUND GLASS AND GERMS HIS TOOLS Didn't Expect As Much As $2,000,000 By Death of Father-in-Law. New York, May 26 Dr. Arthur Waren Waite, accused of murdering his father-in-law, John E. Peck, today completed his gruesome recital, unparalleled in the annals of crime in New York. Waite showed no emotion as he answered the questions of his cross examination. Arminers, and told with apparent nonchalance of his plans for the death of "Peck and other relatives; His testimony left nothing to be done toward proving that he committed murder. The question that confronts the jury was whether his acts were those of a normal person. Women were excluded from the courtroom when Dr. Waite resumed the witness stand today. Hundreds of persons in the corridors vainly tried to gain admission to the courtroom. Waite appeared pale but seemed to have braced himself to face the ordeal. His counsel, Walter R. Deuel, said he had only a few more questions to ask the dentist before the cross-examination will be begun. "Did you ever try to kill your wife?" asked Mr. Deuel. "No," replied Dr. Waite. "Did you ever plan to kill her?" "No, never." "You never thought you might kill her?" "I am not sure that I would not have killed her," said Waite. Assistant District Attorney Brothers then began the cross-examination of Dr. Waite. The attorney first asked prisoner, "Do you recall telling me that you did not want your wife to learn of your relations with Mrs. Horton?" "No," replied Waite. Waite folded his arms and regarded the prosecutor as he denied having any general conversation with Mr. Brothers in Dr. Waite's apartment. The dentist said he was surprised to learn that he had given a ring to his nurse. He denied also that he feigned insanity in Bellevue or in the Tombs or that he deliberately planned a false defense or read books on nervous diseases. Waite declared he did not tell District Attorney Swann and Mr. Brothers while in Bellevue hospital that the "man from Egypt" had killed John E. Peck. "Are you crazy?" asked Mr. Brothers. "I am not crazy," replied Dr. Waite. Waite. "After you took Mr. Peck's life you could not sleep, could you?" "I slept perfectly," said Waite. "You wanted to kill yourself, did you?" "Yes." "Why didn't you kill yourself?" "I made a pretty good attempt, at it," replied Waite. "You planned Pecks death to win, $2,000,000, didn't you?" "No, not that much." The prisoner denied that he had schemed to kill John E. Peck as early as last February. Questions by the cross-examiner were framed with the evident intent to show that the crimes to which the prisoner had confessed were of a nature that did not call for personal daring. Waite denied that his evidence yesterday was devised with the purpose of developing a defense of insanity. Justice Shearn, before whom Waite is being tried, then took up the questioning, and asked him if he knew it was wrong to steal. Waite said he did. "You were a member of a Christian Endeavor Society? You learned it was wrong to take human life and against the laws of God?" "I don't remember." Mr. Deuel then resumed redirect examination. Waite said his memory was not perfect, he supposed, because of drugs. The prisoner identified several letters he wrote in Bellevue hospital and a poem, saying he had written poetry for several years. He said that when he wrote the poem he suspected that he was charged with murder. Waite having been permitted to leave the witness stand, Miss Catherine Peck, sister of the late John E. Peck, was next called. Mr. Deuel said. He wanted to corroborate by Miss Peck's testimony the statements made by Dr. Waite that he placed ground glass in her marital trade and germ cultures in fish that she was to eat. Miss Peck said she accepted Waite as what he appeared to be, and told of giving her business matters to him to look after. Miss Peck smiled as he recalled her narrow escape from death. "I ate some of the marmalade," she said. "When I opened the jar again, I found it full of something like sand. I took it back to the store and the proprietor apologized." After answering other questions in corroboration of Waite's testimony, Miss Peck was expused. EAGER SAVED AIN HELD UP FOR SPEEDING James Graloin, aged 21, a jitney driver who described his residence to the police as 510 Shelton street, when arrested for reckless driving last night, paid a fine of $10 in court this morning because of his anxiety to keep company with a pretty girl. Gralin evaded a traffic officer at Barnum and Noble avenues last night. In the seat with him was a girl. Where he stopped, he was stopped by the officer. He told the police that he was anxious to reach Beardsley park, where he might prosecute his courtship. SHIET IN LIEUTENANT ALMOST ON EVE OF HIS WEDDING YOUNG MACHINIST SUCCUMBS TO ATTACK OF DREAD SPOTTED FEVER. Spotted fever claimed another victim last evening when Adolph Antpusant, aged 26, of 274 Bunnell street, died. Antpusant's wedding day had been a great success. been set for the first week in June. Antiputus was ill two weeks, attended by Dr. Jacob W. Gerber. His family and friends had hoped for a recovery but this week his condition grew worse. ATLAS BUYS HIS HOTEL PROPERTY WANTS LICENSE Says He Plans to Conduct Business So None Can Make Objection. Prof. James Atlas has purchased from the Thomas P. Taylor estate the property where his hotel and Turkish bath is located in Fairfield avenue. Papers in the transaction were passed a few days ago. The hotel is a three-story concrete building erected about 10 years ago. It was built for the professor and was the first building of modern construction for business purposes that was erected in the neighborhood. It was first conducted as a Turkish bath establishment but later after extensive alterations to the interior. At the end, a restaurant and hotel to the business. Several years ago he instituted a cabaret show. The county commissioners on the strength of remonstrance backed by the officials of neighboring and local churches recently refused him a renewal of his liquor license. Prof. Atlas then appealed to the Superior court and his appeal will be heard soon. He then discontinued the cabaret and has since conducted his hotel for men only. In speaking of his purchase today, Prof. Atlas said, "It is my intention to conduct a strictly "stag hotel here and not to have anything that will be objected to by my neighbors or anyone else." Bridgeport has been my home for a number of years. I have worked hard to establish a business and believe I am putting it on a better foundation by owning the property where it is located. I expect to make my home here the rest of my days and I want the good will of my neighbors as well as everyone else. I am sure that if the court sees fit to renew my license now no one will have any complaint to make about the place I will conduct. Forty-nine in Court To Fight U.M.C. Eviction In the city court, civil side, this afternoon 49 contestants appeared before Justice of the Peace Edward J. McManus to contest eviction proceedings brought by the Remington Arms & Ammunition Co. Those who are protesting the evictions reside in many parts of the district that is now being colopized by employees of the Remington Arms & Ammunition Co. Attorney Philo Calhoun was retained to represent the Arms Co. None of the complainants has a lawyer, but a few said they will claim a jury trial. Two Killed, Four Hurt By Boiler Explosion Belfast, N.Y., May 26 Two men were killed and four injured in the explosion of the boiler of a steam shovel on the Erie railroad cut-off two miles from here today. One of the wounded probably will die. The cause of the explosion is not known. One of the dead men was decapitated. BALTIMORE AT LONDON Paris, May 26 A. Havas despatch from Athens says it has been learned that the city of Barcelona has been evacuated by the French. From a reliable source that 30,000 Bulgarians have been brought from the Black Sea coast to reinforce the Macedonian front. SECRETARY LANSING OUT. Washington, May 26 Secretary Lansing attended the cabinet meeting today after having been confined to his home by an attack of indigestion for nearly a week. James Hill, surgeon, of Rochester, Minn., is being rushed to St. Paul on a special train to attend James Hill, who is ill at his home. Word was received that he was suffering from a severe attack of indigestion for about a week, and that he was able to be up and about again. He was a machinist and a member of the First Evangelical Lutheran church. His family came here from Brooklyn, N.Y., not long ago. Antipatitis is survived by his father, John; brothers, John, August, Ludwig, Henry, and Carl, and three sisters, Anna, Emma, and Martha Antipatitis. CHARGES PLOT TO KEEP HIGH PRICE ON COAL Goddard Fears, Combine Submitted Bids on Supplying City Fuel. "There is no competition here," declared Robert D. Goddard of the board of education today when bids were opened in the office of the board of contract and supply for 9,000 tons of coal to be used in public buildings and schools next year. The board of education had advertised for separate bids but the bids they received and the bids received by the board of contract and supply proved to be the same. "It looks to me," said Commissioner Goddard, "that there is a corporation among the retail dealers to hold a certain price. There is not even a difference of odd cents on any of the prices. This on such a large quantity would make considerable difference." Commissioners John A. Hurley and Louis F. Schwerdtle were of the same opinion. Dr. Robert J. Lynch, president of the board of contract and supply thought the prices were fixed by a combination of mine owners and this was what brought the bids of the local dealers so near alike. Commissioner Goddard favored buying the coal in Bridgeport if it could be bought to advantage here, but he said he wanted to save as much money as possible for the city. It was finally decided to delay awarding the contracts until Monday to give the committee of the school board more time to obtain information regarding an offer made by the A. McNeil & Sons Co. Four dealers, the Naugatuck Valley Ice Co., Patrick McGee, Michael Hoffman, and the City Ice & Coal Co., bid the same, $7 per ton for egg coal. Other bidders were a little higher on this size coal. On the face of the bids, Michael Hoffman appears lowest. His bid was $7 per ton on egg and stove coal; $7.25 on nut coal and $8 on nut to be furnished in quarter ton lots for the board of charities. Other bids were: Wheeler & Howes, egg, $7.10 Stoves $7.35 and nut $8. Naugatuck Valley Ice Co., egg, $7; stove, $7.25; nut, $7.25; quarter ton lots, $8. Patrick McGee, egg $7; stove, $7.25; nut, $7.25; quarter ton lots, $8. Ira Gregory & Co., egg, $7.10; stove, $7.10; nut, $7.35; quarter tons, $8. City Ice & Coal Co., egg, $7; stove, $7.25; nut, $7.25; quarter tons, $8. The Spraigue Co. sent a bid but it has not yet reached the hands of the board of education and cannot be considered now. The A. McNeil Sons Co. made a proposition that the school board is considering. The board may buy coal from the firm's New York agents at $5.25 per ton. The freight here will be 37 or 38 cents per ton, discharging 25 cents per ton and storage in the McNeil blhs, 10 cents per ton up to 4,000 tons. Members of the board of contract and supply thought there could be no saving in this arrangement. They said they had tried it before. They were in favor of allowing the school board to try it if the commissioners desired. It was finally decided to postpone the awarding of any contract until Monday when the school board will have more definite information concerning the plan. Lieutenant Fay Gets WEEK'S STAY; TO SEEK BONDSM . V. New York, May 26. Robert Fay, former lieutenant in the German army, who recently was sentenced to serve eight years in the federal penitentiary at Atlanta for plotting to blow up vessels carrying munitions to the entente allies, was today granted a stay of one week before starting for Atlanta. Fay's counsel asked for the stay to perfect his appeal and to attempt to obtain $50,000 bail. Acorn, Oxford and Other Political Organizations Useful to Administration Adopt New! Designations and Counties Commission Grants Them Much Contested Rights. First, Information To Remonstrants That They Had Been tricked Come from The Farmer Royal Social Club, Twice Denied! The Right to Dispense Liquor, Succeed. It was learned today that by means of the simple scheme of changing their names, five local clubs against which remonstrances had been filed were recently granted liquor licenses by the county commissioners. The action was kept quiet and Attorney A. J. Merritt, who represented local clergymen who remonstrated, was surprised when informed by The Farmer that the licenses had been granted. The names of the clubs which received licenses are: Akron club, formerly known as Acorn club; Borough, formerly known as East End; Longacre, formerly called Liberty A. C.; formerly called Oxford, and Keyslone, formerly named Royal Social. The applications were advertised in order to comply with the law but because of the change in names the remonstrants did not suspect these or Organizations were the identical ones to which objections had been made. Attorney Henry Greenstein represented all except the Oxford club. The Keystone club is a colored organization but the membership of the other four consists of white persons. As the Royal Social Club, this organization had quarters on Broad Street but was denied a license by the commissioner because neighbors remonstrated against the noise made by members. Then the club moved to Water Street and, applying a second time, was again turned down. The plea was made to the commissioners that negroes, have no place in this city where they can purchase drinks. If they go into a saloon and ask for a glass of beer, the bartender says, "it will cost you $1." They are not allowed to sit in cabarets and sip cooling beverages. They pleaded that they ought to be given a license so they could gather and drink without being molested. The scheme adopted was copied from a plan used in Hartford to outwit remonstrants. The clubs held meetings and voted to change their names. Then new papers were filed with the secretary of state in Hartford and applications were filed for licenses. No remonstrances were filed against the newly named organizations within the time required by law. Thereupon counsel for the five clubs went to the county commissioners to demand licenses. As no written objection had been filed, the commissioners had an alternative, but to grant the licenses. It was understood several months ago that the city administration was opposed to some of the clubs which had filed applications. The applications were pigeonholed after a blanket remonstrance had been filed. Meanwhile, just before the last city election was held on the bonding question, word was passed among political workers, that if members of certain clubs located in East Bridgeport, worked hard in favor of the bonds, favorable action might be expected on the license matter. The club members evidently too-lucky to take this advice to heart, for there was great activity in the elections of East Bridgeport where four of these clubs are located and the majority for the bonds in the Tenth and Eleventh districts was unusually large. After the election, leaders withdrew opposition to the clubs. Wholesale and retail liquor dealers have been opposed to the mushroom clubs from the first, however, and they were indignant today when they learned of the scheme employed by the organizations. Dealers say it is unjust that they are forced to pay $750 a year for a license on which they can sell only six days a week, while clubs pay $100 a year and can dispense liquor on Sundays as well as week days. The objection of the dealers does not apply to bona fide organizations but to small clubs which it is claimed, were formed solely for the purpose of getting revenue for liquor sales. Of those included in the original list against which the remonstrance was filed, the following applications have been refused by the commissioners: Golden Inn, Elm Country Club of Westport, and Taxpayers' Improvement Society of Stratford. The Bridgeport Gaelic Athletic Club and the Young Emmet clubs were given licenses as it was shown that these clubs were not in the habit of selling liquor on Sundays as well as week days. Verb on a side organization and that no individuals derived profit from the sale of liquors. | 41,352 |
https://github.com/galihprasetio/AssetPatrol/blob/master/resources/views/users/index.blade.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | AssetPatrol | galihprasetio | PHP | Code | 394 | 1,659 | @extends('admin.admin_template')
@section('tittle','List User')
@push('header-name')
<h1>
User Management
<small><a class="btn btn-success" href="{{ route('users.create') }}"> Create New User</a></small>
</h1>
<ol class="breadcrumb">
<li><a href="{{url('dashboard')}}"><i class="fa fa-dashboard"></i> Home</a></li>
<li class="active">Users</li>
</ol>
@endpush
@section('content')
<div class="box">
<div class="box-header">
<div class="box-tools pull-right">
<!-- Collapse Button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-box-tool" data-widget="collapse">
<i class="fa fa-minus"></i>
</button>
</div>
<!-- /.box-tools -->
</div>
<!-- /.box-header -->
<div class="box-body">
{{-- @if ($message = Session::get('success'))
<div class="alert alert-success">
<p>{{ $message }}</p>
</div>
@endif --}}
<table id="users-table" class="table table-striped table-bordered" style="width:100%">
<thead>
<tr>
{{-- <th>Id</th> --}}
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Created at</th>
<th>Updated at</th>
<th>Action</th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
{{-- {!! $data->render() !!} --}}
</div>
<!-- /.box-body -->
</div>
@push('script')
<script>
$('#users-table').on('click', '.btn-delete[data-remote]', function (e) {
e.preventDefault();
$.ajaxSetup({
headers: {
'XSRF-TOKEN': $('meta[name="xsrf-token"]').attr('content')
}
});
var url = $(this).data('remote');
// confirm then
if (confirm('Are you sure you want to delete this?')) {
$.ajax({
url: url,
type: 'GET',
dataType: 'json',
data: {method: '_GET', submit: true}
}).always(function (data) {
$('#users-table').DataTable().draw(false);
});
}else
alert("You have cancelled!");
});
$('#users-table').DataTable({
scrollX:true,
processing: true,
serverSide: true,
responsive: true,
select: true,
ajax: "{{ route('users.datauser') }}",
columns: [
{
data: 'name',
name: 'name'
},
{
data: 'email',
name: 'email'
},
{
data: 'created_at',
name: 'created_at'
},
{
data: 'updated_at',
name: 'updated_at'
},
{
data: 'action',
name: 'action',
orderable: false,
searchable: false
}
],
"bStateSave": true,
"fnStateSave": function (oSettings, oData) {
localStorage.setItem('offersDataTables', JSON.stringify(oData));
},
"fnStateLoad": function (oSettings) {
return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('offersDataTables'));
}
});
</script>
@endpush
@endsection
{{-- @extends('admin.admin_template')
+'/'+
@section('content')
<div class="box">
<div class="box-header">
<h3 class="box-tittle">Users Management
<div class="pull-right">
<a class="btn btn-success" href="{{ route('users.create') }}"> Create New User</a>
</div>
</h3>
<div class="box-tools pull-right">
<!-- Collapse Button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-box-tool" data-widget="collapse">
<i class="fa fa-minus"></i>
</button>
</div>
<!-- /.box-tools -->
</div>
<!-- /.box-header -->
<div class="box-body">
@if ($message = Session::get('success'))
<div class="alert alert-success">
<p>{{ $message }}</p>
</div>
@endif
<table class="table table-bordered" id="table-data">
<tr>
<th>No</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Roles</th>
<th width="280px">Action</th>
</tr>
@foreach ($data as $key => $user)
<tr>
<td>{{ ++$i }}</td>
<td>{{ $user->name }}</td>
<td>{{ $user->email }}</td>
<td>
@if(!empty($user->getRoleNames()))
@foreach($user->getRoleNames() as $v)
<label class="badge badge-success">{{ $v }}</label>
@endforeach
@endif
</td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-info" href="{{ route('users.show',$user->id) }}">Show</a>
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="{{ route('users.edit',$user->id) }}">Edit</a>
{!! Form::open(['method' => 'DELETE','route' => ['users.destroy',
$user->id],'style'=>'display:inline']) !!}
{!! Form::submit('Delete', ['class' => 'btn btn-danger']) !!}
{!! Form::close() !!}
</td>
</tr>
@endforeach
</table>
{!! $data->render() !!}
</div>
<!-- /.box-body -->
</div>
@endsection
<script>
$('#table-data').DataTable({
'paging': true,
'lengthChange': false,
'searching': false,
'ordering': true,
'info': true,
'autoWidth': false
})
</script> --}}
| 28,279 |
https://github.com/jerebenitez/IFE-simpact-openfoam/blob/master/src/mainp/elemt1.h | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | IFE-simpact-openfoam | jerebenitez | C | Code | 55 | 202 | SUBROUTINE elemt1(TASK, nelms, elsnam, dtime, ttime, flag1, flag2)
!USE ctrl_db, ONLY: iwrit, ndime, neulr, ndofn, npoin
!USE outp_db, ONLY: sumat
!USE ele01_db
!USE lispa0
!USE npo_db
IMPLICIT NONE
CHARACTER(len=*),INTENT(IN):: TASK
! optional parameters
LOGICAL, OPTIONAL :: flag1,flag2
CHARACTER (len=*), OPTIONAL :: elsnam
INTEGER (kind=4), OPTIONAL :: nelms(:)
REAL (kind=8), OPTIONAL :: dtime,ttime
END SUBROUTINE elemt1
| 15,585 |
https://github.com/apuc/guild/blob/master/backend/modules/test/views/test-task/view.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | BSD-3-Clause | 2,023 | guild | apuc | PHP | Code | 177 | 639 | <?php
use backend\modules\test\models\TestTask;
use common\helpers\StatusHelper;
use yii\helpers\Html;
use yii\helpers\Url;
use yii\widgets\DetailView;
/* @var $this yii\web\View */
/* @var $model backend\modules\test\models\TestTask */
$this->title = cut_title($model->description);
$this->params['breadcrumbs'][] = ['label' => 'Test Tasks', 'url' => ['index']];
$this->params['breadcrumbs'][] = $this->title;
\yii\web\YiiAsset::register($this);
function cut_title($str)
{
if(strlen($str) > 35){
return mb_substr($str, 0, 35, 'UTF-8') . '...';
}
return $str;
}
?>
<div class="test-task-view">
<p>
<?= Html::a('Список', ['index', 'id' => $model->id], ['class' => 'btn btn-primary']) ?>
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| 15,988 |
a58e109fb81380744ac3b6351aebcabe | French Open Data | Open Government | Various open data | 2,019 | JOAFE_PDF_Unitaire_20190005_01124.pdf | journal-officiel.gouv.fr | French | Spoken | 190 | 411 | e
151 année. - N°5
Samedi 2 février 2019
D.I.L.A
serialNumber=S6910003,CN=DILA - SIGNATURE
DILA,2.5.4.97=#0C144E545246522D3133303030393138363030303131,OU=0002
13000918600011,O=DILA,C=FR
75015 Paris
2019-02-02 09:00:12
Associations
Fondations d'entreprise
Associations syndicales
de propriétaires
Fonds de dotation
Fondations partenariales
Annonce n° 1124
62 - Pas-de-Calais
ASSOCIATIONS
Créations
Déclaration à la préfecture du Pas-de-Calais
ACHICOURT DIVERSITÉS.
Objet : cette association a pour objet l'urbanisme, le patrimoine et l'environnement sur la commune d'achicourt ;
préserver et améliorer la qualité de vie, l'environnement, notamment les espaces naturels et corridors écologiques ;
veiller à l'intégration harmonieuse des nouvelles constructions dans le bâti existant, à une urbanisation de qualité
architecturale et environnementale ; veiller à ce que les orientations et décisions politiques notamment en local,
intercommunal, soient dans l'intérêt général des concitoyens ; représenter une force de contradiction et de proposition
face aux décideurs lors de l'élaboration de tout document public, de grand projet urbanistique : relancer la démocratie
participative, intervenir dans le débat démocratique ; veiller au maintien d'un tissu artisanal et économique de
proximité
Siège social : 69, rue du Belloy, 62217 Achicourt.
Date de la déclaration : 30 janvier 2019.
Le Directeur de l’information légale et administrative : Bertrand MUNCH
| 20,172 |
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silene%20vidaliana | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Silene vidaliana | https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silene vidaliana&action=history | Swedish | Spoken | 33 | 63 | Silene vidaliana är en nejlikväxtart som beskrevs av Carlos Pau och Font Quer. Silene vidaliana ingår i släktet glimmar, och familjen nejlikväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Källor
Glimmar
vidaliana | 45,806 |
acrytoirelandan01unkngoog_3 | English-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,833 | A Cry to Ireland and the Empire [against the Repeal of the Union, and in Favor of a Legal ... | None | English | Spoken | 7,460 | 10,255 | This proud introduction took place only on the 2d of January, 1793, and in eight days after, that is, on the 10th, the Irish parliament werefavimred with his majesty^s recommendation, that they should take into their immediate consideration the said petition, Mr. Secretary Hobart introduced a bill. It gave us the elective franchise — in short, it ad- mitted us into the constitution equally with our fellow subjects, with the reservation of about thirty classes of places, viz., parliament, privy council, . governor of county, sheriff, &c. The right honourable gentleman declared it the intention of the British government to open the army and navy to the honest ambition of Catholics, therein to enjoy any rank ; but it was no fault of that, nor of the succeeding governments, that this promise or intimation was not redeemed for thirty years after. The "bill" was passed by the growlers, and it was known to have mortified most grievously some of those that voted for it. But we shall un- derstand how this difficulty was encountered, in remembering, that out of something about, or less than three hundred members, one hundred and sixteen of them were pensioners, or placemen. Their terrors of the Catholics now began to be 48 A CRY TO IBELAND sctperseded hj- those of the convention. It brought to their imaginations innumerable headless trunks of Catholic airistocrate iin ckurbk and state, on a 6iiinsQiD ground wit^ a guillotine at xvbrk, in, but not by, steam. Thus far they liked the execution, but were afraid the convention would import^ and make it a genuine arOde of coneufnption, Th^ would now compromise with us, and give us' a faif part oft the motiopoly ; but bdld men 'in Ireland felt etvi/, as heavily as we' did bot)i civil and religiou^y grievanceiS) And their rank, talent, and persevering industry in the cause, could be only 9]![re8ted by enacting the Conventim BUli : ' HuviDg alluded to this bill before, it is but fair Uf remark that it would be one of n^t thousand and one errors, to affiUate this ugly bantling to tbeBridsh government. Tliey had ho such cross- gained nursling at'fa^me, nor iii. Scotland^ though it. would appear qiiite as neeessary in both coun- tries. No ! it was alt6geth<er of Irish breed and blood, whicb the British goverr^ment was obliged' to countenance on many grounds besides that of the'previous billjust obtained! The isession of parliament closed on^ the 16idi of August, when his excellency declared in his speech, that the '^ wisdom and liberality with which parliament had attended to his majesty'^s AND THE EMPIRE. 49 recommendation in favour of his Catholic subjects, were highly pleasing to the King,*' In this year, (1793,) the subject of education^ which had been, for a few years previously, a sub- ject of great solicitude, became pressing. Before 1782, we were disabled, by law, from keeping a school. One of Mr. 6ardiner''s two bills passed in that year was, " An Act to allow people profess- ing the Popish Religion^ to teach schools in this kingdom, and for regulating the education of Pa- pistSf and also to repeal parts of certain laws rela- tive to the guardianship of their children,*' The " Act'' which repealed this galling and go- thic grievance, furnished not the smallest means, and served and restored education very little. It continued iu a desponding state till the French Revolution. The seminaries for education in France, to which we much resorted, both clergy and laymen, as stu- dents, were now cleared out, many of them of teach- ers of passive obedience, non-resistance, divine right, and so forth, and converted into barracks and hospitals, for the public service. The con- vents became also untenanted of their fair inmates, except where the abbesses chose to charge them- selves with the care of the other sex, and sell their grand coaches and massy croziersy for medicines 60 A CBY TO IKEILAND which they were to admmister with their own hands, as real sisters cf chanty ^ to the wotinded and afflicted soldiers and citizens, nursing them within those walls which, but a few months before, the breath of a male would have contaminated. Thus from our studies in France were we re^ leased : some of us consideraUe proficients m the extra-collegiate education of the time; which laid the foundation of the sacred edifice €f edttcatien at home. Trinity College, DuUin, now for the first trnie,. (1793) admitted Catholics to its learning, but ex^ eluding them from its honours, and all other ad- vantages. Our number at this college might have touched fifty ; where, in harmony with our fellow- students^ we drank at the same divine fountain, re- turning, after some four years, to cultivate at home those lasting friendships which wept over the ran- cours of miS'Called religion. A beginning so aus- picious was hailed by the wise and virtuous ef all parties, who now contemplated extending the col- lege, so as to contain a department exclusively for etur clergy. The alarmists went to their occupa- tions of setting the scrupulous and timid a trem- bling. It was contended, that the college was founded for Protestants only ; that it was a Pro^ testant garrison in a Papist-— an enemy's country. AND THE EMPIBEi 01 Ii^ fiot^ an dd charter parohment) not the most pttsaiag wants of a great people, waa to be con« eidered. The beads of this college, full of liberality, cS* fered no opposition to the plans, with that spirit ithicb kept them aloof from those religious polemics^ then maintained with much learning, but a modicum of Christianity. This unfortunate failure gave ori- gin to the College of Maynooth. The Catholics f many of whom were not blameless in those intrigues, now boldly petitioned for permis- sion to found an univeraiipoftkeir own ; with a char- ier of incorporatiou to secure the funds they might find for its support. They acted under great and good guides^h^etn— of Edmund Burke and the Bri- tish Gk>vernment ; and it was no part of their plan to exclude Protestants from their institution. But, '^Diis aliter risum'^ the petition got a traneeat^ and a grant of this little concern at Maynooth for about two hundred ; equal nearly to the number of clergy excluded from France. With the view of making us dependoit on them- selves, and of securing our gratitude, which, how- ever it might have afifected the heads, never reached the body of the students, I can aver, during the six omf seven first years of its bold infancy, parliament Voted 40,000;. for the building, and 8,000/. for its annual support. d2 52 A CKY to IRELAND I recollect our feeling of hostility to the goyem- ment that had thus built a wall of separation be- tween us and our quondam Protestant sckooUfeU lows at Trinity College, subjecting us to foreigners — ^professors, as they were styled — with their anti- English, aye, and anti-Irish antipathies ; but that, such as it was, we were indebted for it to English liberality. Was it fair, at this period of mortal hostility between Great Britain and France ? Young persons are great imitators, and sometimes not of the best qualities. Had they imitated the best in this case, how could it lead^ or be expected to lead, to anything British P It will be said that those gentlemen ran away from their own wicked government. They at least did so, from their own flocks, to their spiritual duties to whom, had they confined themselves, they need not, probably, have deserted. But to give such gentlemen to us for precept, and imitation, of course would appear an act of treacherous friendship. Our young minds were strengthened in such consideration, by the frequent rumours we had of its being about to be converted into barracks. In such rumours, the wishes of parliament were fairly conveyed, but were never allowed by the enlightened English Government to extend farther ; though such was the degree of passive obedience required by the foreigners, principally teachers there, that some- AND THE EMPIRE. 53 times it was in danger of being abandoned volun- tarily by the students altogether, to the govern- ment and governors; and this would have hap- pened more than once, but for the esteem enter- tained for two or three amiable Irishmen in the domestic management : however, it was too much to endure. The honest students, with the minds and acquirements of men^ were treated like mere children. They were willing to remonstrate, and in any way accommodate with their oppressors, unwilling, like children, to complain to the visiting judges, by which they might excite sneers and dis- grace to their little college and their religion ; but nothing would do hut passive obedience. Some of our own bishops sent one of their coadjutors as a peac^ maker. His knowledge of the a£Pair in dispute was gained, probably, at the professor^s table. The author's title page wiU be a proof that h^ Waa not mixed ip these afiairs ; that he lived in and bft the college with some credit, but deters mined not to endure such unreasonable and insoleal treatment* It has been a great national misfidrtune, apd will continue so, that the original plan of having one or two mixed universities was not carried. Iri^qoteni at such a thing as llaynootfa, never can, nor wiU be, satbfied. They pant for learning, and ita ho« nours ; not for the prayers and occupations <^ a confraternity of an old priory. Fallacy haa aa^ cribed it, such as it is, to the parliament of Ire* land, with about as much truth as the lord lieu^ tenantpy. England was the noble parent, but Ireland the crippling foster-mother. We will pass over the intervening period, ^^ In* surrection Act,^ of 1796, and all, to that time of our parliament's grand struggle, in its last ago*- nies, at the Union, against the power tmd money of England. Boon must, and sooner may, the light of truth, with its full force upon your patient, thinking, and honesdy-searchiag souls, dispel diose endless, but ' AKD THE XM7I&E. 8S aU-wililieriiig errors, as to England, and all its go- yamments. Many of them, 1 hope, will be da* tected and detested, before you leaTe this little volume. What honeat man can calmly contemplate, idth- out execration, the parliament that could have thus committed suicide for bribe ? Its last act completed the cUmcuo 0/ their corruption^ venaliiy, and rapa* city. Here was at stake a measure, beyond all others since the Conquest, the most important to Ireland. It was for her advantage or not This, which siiould have constituted the whole di£Sculty, formed really no part of it. The monopoly of {daces, pensions, powers, and advantages, to a few, was the impediment; and expensive was its re- movaL The prices of their political profligacy w^re reduced to a rate by them ; first dividing be- tween them the sum of 1,260,000/. — One million, two hundred and sixty thousand pounds !— at the rate of 15,000/. each, for eighty-four disfranchised boroughs ; numerous other bribes, places, pensions, promotions, and promises, besides twenty-seven new promotions in oiu: peerage. The cash was all extracted from your own pockets. Now, had England incurred any of the expense connected with the job, she might have been chargeable^ perhaps, with some immorality ; but when the traitors offer to surrender the fortress for 1 56 A CRY TO IBELAKD a bribe, which they pray leave to levy o£F their own people, what should she do, but take it for the people'^s benefit out of such hands, and interpose between the pillagers and pillaged. There were, undoubtedly, many most honourable men in the last and preceding parliaments of Ire- land, — men, whose opposition could not be bought off. The most distinguished of these, such as Lord Plunket, have lived to pronounce their awn recantation of their errors, in regard to the Uni4m9 he long before he was lorded. When such men con- fess, and humbly too, their errors, inveterately cherished, till a mixed residence in both countries, accurate observation, and corrected information, on a wider field, had dispelled them ; well may we be astonished at the assurance of a pack of pre- tenders, who have not advanced farther towards po- litical knowledge than Prester-John to St. Patrick's purgatory. Leave them on the road ; pass them by in apprehension and contempt : they want to hocus you. In this outline, I have fairly exhibited the cha- racter and conduct of the so-styled parliaments of Ireland to you, for almost a century. Indeed, the word is libelled in its application to such, as clubs at least, before the year 1782. In that year, a motion was made, declaring ^^ the House of Com- mons the representatives of the people;" which AND THE EMPIRE. 57 was rejected. The inference is plain : they had no sympathy ; nothing in common ; no connexion with the people as constituents. Rapacity was their business^ and numerous did they make its sources as the springs of Ireland. When the late Marquis of Buckingham was Viceroy in 1788, he strove, but in vain, except among the subordinates, to curb this voracious spirit. Under his own observation, arms, ammu- nition, and public stores, of all sorts, were openly and impudently condemned as useless, carried out as such through the castle gate, and were shortly after brought back again, purchased as new ones. Peculation and embezzlement on the broadest scale was the plan. Clerks at 100/. a year, did it in splendid style at the rate of 500/. or 600/. Even hearth-collectors and gangers in the country towns» would sneer at the poverty of captains of his Majesty's army. As to Parliament^ no niea^ sure of utility to the country, nor even to themselves, iU last, could be got through it, but by a bribed majority ! In the year 1788, George III. became of un- sound mind. The Prince of Wales, since George IV., was appointed Regent, by the British Go- vernment, but with prudent restrictions, as they were considered. The same were, of course, pro- po^ in our parliament, but they were rejected. d6 H8 A C&Y TO XRELAl^D This may be explained by what we have leeii of the Marquis, trying to arrest the career of ooirup- tion, it being now counted certain that he and his colleagues would be ousted for a new cabinet. There was, in course, (5th of February, 17S9,) an address voted, offering the regency without any resirictians^ from both Houses. But as his Excel- lency refused to transmit it, two lords and four eommoners were to proceed to London, to preseBt it to his Royal Highness. They were accordin^y introduced to the Prince, at Carlton House, whei« they assured him they were wUling to wawe all oonatUuHofhal propriety in his fi^our^ and iwyiie him to be regent unrestricted, though he had no more lawful right than any other gentleman lo be regent, from his having the lawful right to the throne upon the death of his father. During the commii^ioners' absence on this mis- sion, several patriotic biUs were in progress, (some carried,) proposed by Mr. Grattan, the grei^t bill- broker ; and the most noble Marquis found all his exertions frustrated in that parliament that had taken millions of the public treasure to be his tools, and, in the anticipation of his being recalled, he was abused, hooted, lampootied, — pofUameni p^zse- ing upon him a hUl of censure .' But alack ! whilst ^ commissioners were in the very act of presenting the said aitUress, news waa AND THE XMPISE. 69 brouj^t to Carlton Palaoe, that kia MqfeUtf tow himself d^gain. As Cosar would say of his Z«;gnft mfeda re reoertmitur. The old cabinet was to oontinue. The caitiffs of corruption crept out, cringed too^ but were contemned by the Viceroy, and poor Grattan was left with his Ullsy to whistle liUabulIeroy in solo, by way of keeping up his pa- triotism in his break-down. It is presumed^ that the pledges given in com- mencing this sketch, of proving our parliament the most bigoted, crueU rapacious, neCsrious, corrupt, and venal body that perhaps ever assembled as le* gislators, is now redeemed. In the confined space al- lowable for this part of the exhibition, are grouped a few ficta, taken almost at random, widiout ma- levolence, in the spirit of truth, in proof of our posititm. Indeed, its certainty could gain no ad- dition, though its credifaiKty might, even though dedared by a prophet to you, despatched for that purpose from the dleadL When a questioQ is at stake of a measure of the very first importance, not only to ourselves^ but to the other parts of the empire, is it fair to you — is it right to justice and truth to drench you with arguments drawn from the future, of which they know nothing, instead of the past, c^ which they ought to know something ? They know enough of the old charnel-house of corruption to employ 60 A CAY TO ISELAKH your attention from peeping into it ; and thus they think they can delude you into granting them another for their own benefit, quite a monopoly. They may be deluded themselves, and think it ge- nerally beneficial; but were this true, it would only establish the truth of an asserted part of our national character, that our intelligence much ex- ceeds our judgment. In the east, it is a very popular opinion, that those born idiots are often the best doctors^ and that learning would only spoil them — reduce their inspired skill to the mere scale of humanity. It is odd, that we in the west should have a sort of analogous opinion, in thinking the best politi- cians those who are cracked, as we call it, or moon- struck; and if they should be so since their childhood, all still in their favour. The medical practitioner in the east, wants neither experiments nor dissecting knife. The public find out, and multiply cases of cure, but no one contemplates the wide-spreading mischief, except to think, where it meets their eye, that it was incurable, inevitable. Fix*d like a plant in his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot, Or, meteor-like, flame lawless thro' the void, Destroying others^ by himself destroyed. Pope. AND THE EMPIRE. 61 CHAPTER IV. Confidential and able Men— The Cry--Repeal, Bases of-^ Powl-a-Phooca — ^The Prop— Koads and Seas — Forte of Irish legislators — Pining— For Poor Laws— Sassenaghs — Delusion — Spitalfields — Confession — A Catholic Comfort — Cheap modes of Popularity — ^Cant — Catholic Parliament — Cromwell — Colonel Jones — Gone to Connaught — Property and Propriety — Neighbours, injury to — A Judgment — Pil- grimage — Poors' Appeal— Dr. Doyle — Levellers — Duty for Catholic Clergy — Absenteeism — Motion to finish, lost, why — Irish affairs in Imperial Parliament — Sittings of Irish Parliaments — Objections — A Country's wants and wishes consulted — Common lands of Ireland restored — Scotland's Legislators— Lord Bexley — ^Trade and Commerce — Free — Protected — Staple Manufactures — ^Jews — Gipsies — Royal Dock-yards — ^Ratio of Taxation — Bmperor Peter the Great —Ship-building— IVice-regal Establishment — M ilitary — People not told, what — Expensive Job — Expected to be repeated — Briton's knowledge— Religions' workings — Ap- pointments — Ireland's share— Pat-agonian Chiefs— Not to be satisfied— Atlantic— Buffoonery — Mr. Stanley— Marquis of Anglesey— Lord Althorpe— Cardinal Spencer— Pope- Lord Brougham— Habeas Corpus— Protection to public Men. The gentlemen to whom we gave much of our confidence, are, some of them, able men ; very &t A GAY TO XBELAND clever at law, and all that sort of fine and valuable learning, to the professors of it. They would not lead us astray wilfully ; and yet, when there is a plain, visible pathway, from which they turn us, we ought to suspect them, if not under the influ- ence of the mere love of iru8ohief> and it appears the probable passion of some, at least under that of ambition or vanity, always with a little dash of setf^ ishness. They cry, the Union must be repealed i tithes nmU ba resisted ; law must hs defied^ swcepi what suits our pisws. We shall see the success of those cries, and some of us with a vengeance, for our pains in attending to them, when we are perhaps deaf to the cries of dying distress, or to those of our families. The union, say they, must be repealed — ^Ist. be- cause Ireland w«nts a dcKoestic le^slature and go- vernment, that she may be taken out of the hands of foreigners, (English,) who care little and know less about ber» aad that she may be consigned to Irishmen, who akme understand her wants and wishes. 2. To stop absenteeism. 3. To diminish taxation. 4. To increase trade, manufactures, and com- merce, and to obtain numerous other advantages, now denied through the jealousy and domination of AND THE EMPIRE. 6S England, or the ^^ Si^^wnaghi' aooording to the new reading. As to the preamble, yis. the Uniomt muai be re- pealed, it is as likely to be carried as Cape Pl«aakin i> to PoiririirPhooea* If it could be fixiNi, as Ar- chimcdoa talked of a prop for bia lever to raise globes, il would then fail of its effects But this will be, when England gets covered with sea water like the Goodwin Signds, or Ireland takes a cruise aorosa the Athuitic. And even in this latter case^ it is problematical if the repealers would succeed, if England wished to keep up the connexion, which I am sure she would not^ the locality being the only indufement to it now. In years not long gone by, when roads were rar rities, and seas, for want of skill, were impassable for long portions oi the year, these separate esta^ bBshments for governments were unavoidable. But now that the seas are reduced to the certainty of a turnpike road, this multiplying of expensive and dashing entities, all masters, the least, most in- tolerable, is Inexpedient. Honest England, be as- sured, though she listen to, will not allow, it. She knows how to smile good-humouredly at a little vapouring and calumny ; she can afibrd even to for- get much more in her amplitude in those she would esteem; but the British Lion cannot be roused with impunity. 64 A CRY TO IRELAND But let it be granted we gain the preamble, for argument: first comes our domestic legislature^ who understand the wants and wishes of the people. Now, we take it to be abundantly shown already, that a legislature may thoroughly understand both one and the other, without satisfying either. Al- though there is much talent, confessedly, in the Irish part of the legislature, with some splendid exceptions it is confined to local squabbles and re» ligious disputes. On either side with ready hearts and hands, The chosen guard of bold believers stands. Lalla Rookh. Upon most of the great questions that makes students and statesmen of Englishmen, as the mo- netary, manufacturing, commercial, foreign, East and West Indian, colonial, European, and free trade, navigation laws, slavery, &c., what know- ledge or desire for it have they displayed ? Some of them liave shown ready alacrity in attending to the wishes of the people, where their interests are identified with their own^ as in reform, in which they have rendered good service, and exciting their wishes, where the interest is all nearly on the other side, and the danger on that of the people, as in opposing the law for the abolition of tithes. AND THE EMPIRE. 65 But those remedies, for want of which poor Ire*- land lies stretched, pining and withering on a wad of straw, convulsed from cold and hunger, are neg- lected by her domestic legislature, such as it is, or opposed, if proposed by others. The first, second, and third ingredients in these remedies, is the English poor laws; education another, and a state provision for our clergy, though not a fashionable, is a sound and composing medicine, — of each in its proper place, — but the first three in- dispensable ones are bespoke, may be said to be on the road, hastened by that Sassenagh^ who has al- ways a heart in his breast, and a hand in his poc- ket for unfortunate Ireland's famishing children. It will not be denied that some of you have ho^ nest grounds in asking for a domestic legislature, such, I mean, as the trades and unions of Dublin. They may count on much good from the re-install* ing of a parliament, judging from their compara-* tively much greater comforts thirty or forty years ago. But what a delusion! Manchester, Birsungham, and Spitalfields, were surely as well off for wages, at the time spoken of, as Dublin. What are they now ? Reduced, as some say, to half; others,vto a quarter; from thirty to fifteen shillings ; and, in many places, these extremes are farther apart, if reports of gentlemen are to be re- lied on. But those who will, may rely on interested 06 A CRY TO lEXLAKD reports or baseless uuertimig ; but it is to be la- mented that sensible men, Uke the tradee and unions of Dublin^ can be the dupes of such de* lusion, when they recollect that Spitalfields» within bearing of the Imperial Parliament itself has died of consumption within some few jears ; was abso* lutely starved out. But were they to succeed in restoring a corpe of public plunderersi for the sake of picking up a little of their offal, is there no feeling of philan- thropy to save the rest of the country from ma^ rauders P In truth, there is more here than meets the eye : I will take leave to confess it. It is a fond and foolish feeling, which, if spoken out, would be, perhaps, less condemnable than creditable. The fact is, we expect to have a good parliament, aa it would contain many gentlemen of our own religion* Is this, then, the cause of the crooked policy par- sued by some of your confidential friends ? Un-> known is the comfort, except to ourselves, imparted to poor Catholics, by a man of rank or riches, kneel-* ing amongst them at the same chapeL It makes at once and for ever an acquaintance. By that fact of kneeling, he has purchased an invaluable attach- ment at an expense below a shilling, which a little cant, with less charity, are sufficient to keep alive. If the protestant gentlemen of Ireland were to AKD TBE XICPIXE. 67 do tbe same sort of thing, thai is, mix with us at ofir chapds, and come down liberally at each coL lection for the ekrgymaa and tbo chapel, thane would be little further required on their part to be inTeated with more than a fair portion of our af- fections. Neophytes of that sort, who would ufver be qvpstioned about oo&v^sioB, would be dear to OS. But as to sudtk a parliament, let us suppose it eUogitber CalbE^ie in Ireland, and we should than find no good from it, according to the pages of Irish history, which are almost silent as to such an tStct When it beeame mixed, in nearly equal parts, ss in Oromvell^s time, it became tbe centre of di^ eord and dism^der; and though they had large aFmies of fifty or sixty thousand men in the fi^ld« a few thousands of English, under him and Cplonel Jones, made them, in the course of a few months, a most mutilated body, with scarcely the power of cfawUng across the Shannon, where he ordered them to go, and not return ; to weep, and cure themselves. Their extensive domains and posflech dens, oS every sort, in Leinster and Munster« re* mained to the victors, and all this from their ihsolfnoe, obstinacy, pretended loyalty to a tyrant, who despised them, instead of the laws, which would have protected them, and a disregard to all Hf except that of thdr own quack chiefs. V 68 A CRY TO IBKLAND In our insolence and disrespect for the law, there is some similitude to the present day, and well would apply to divine advice, " Brethren, be sober, and watch, for your adversary," fee. &c. We know the rest. We are possessed of some property now, even, at length, of some of that from which our ancestors were then chased away, gained under innumerable difficulties, with credit to our^ selves. That property is as well worth taking away from us, as the church property is from the church. There are people in Ireland, and, believe me, there are in England and Scotland too, who think the time, and propriety, coming fast, if not already arrived, of putting us down, and parting us and our property, taking the latter into their care. We have made ourselves lately the pro- motei;^ and supporters of lawlessness and plunder of other people^s property ; and, if we consider, as we are justified in doing, that there is an atone- ment required in this world for every crime we commit, we may feel much dismay at the pro- bable consequences of what we have done. The most valuable word to man, is that of neighbour ; and the greatest crime he can commit, is injuring his neighbour in property or person, in attempting to do which, he lays the ground of retaliation or reprisal against himself, which we would do well in praying to be averted from us, in consequence of AND THE EMPIBB. 69 our ungracious, ungenerous, and illegal opposition to tithes, as settled by the law. We ought to con- sider that all the good men in the three kingdoms consider us yet in a state of probation ; and if we shall continue to disturb our neighbours and the empire through the means of the great political fa- vour lately conferred upon us, we must be re- pressed; and our religion disliked as leading to slavery by the other portions of the empire, will be judged the cause of all, must be put down, even at the pain of putting ourselves down with it. It is impossible our late inroads upon the rights of others can be allowed, without putting our rights more recently acquired in danger, which, if re- alized, would lead our enemies to say with a sneer, Sic YDS non vobis mellificatis Apes. It is confessed no crime now, but rather a virtue, to rob the church, by some of our leaders ; and who will say, that the members of that church, with all their virtue, learning, and other estimable qualities which they possess in a high degree, have not drawn down upon themselves, in this, a divine judgment for their recklessness, at all times, to the horrible state of poverty by which they were sur- rounded, when they had it in their power to do much in removing it, and ought to have gloried in coming as pilgrims, if necessary, once a year to the 70 A CBY TO IRKLAND Imperial ParUmndnt, to praj for a provision for the poor; that is, one single Ims in faeettr of the ffooTy as a little setoff againi^ the scores hf whi<di they are oppressed. The hungry sheep look up, and are not fed, But swoln Willi wind ; and the raak mists th^y dvaw, Rot inwardly, and foul contagion spread. Milton. Honest Maynooth men, who profess yourselves servaifts of the Lord, look well to the poof, for they are his people ; sleek, insist Upon, a legal pro» tision for tbexn ; swear fealty to this subject till it be carried, for it is his and yours. Beleaise your^ seKes fromall dispensable duties^ and join Dr« Doyle in his endeavours for aecomplidiing this, who has thereby made himself esteemed all over the empire. Throw the whole country, from Colerain to Cape Clear, into noise and agitation, if you will, for this blessed purpose, l^orce it on the garrisoned man^ sions through the land, and guarantee their owners that they may level their outworks and embrasures, if they admit the ** Poor Laws.'* Put yourselves on the road to petition^ and gain this object, with- out scrip or staff; and should you come here to forward it, you may count on a kind and fiivouring reception, and thus^ill you do more good for Ireland and for religion than all the Popes have ever done in these countriei$. This do, at the risk of naglect-^ AlfD THE SliCFIlE* 71 bg your spiritual duties^ whieb Heavtn can ifford to suspend, while you are engi^ed in the cause of charifyy the greatest of all. Thus write your worth in the reccdlections of Englishmen, and against yonr arrival above, there may you find it r^gis* tered. 2. As to Abauteeimn^ k is no new complaint. In the year 1773, Mr. Flood moved in the house in Dublin, that a tax of two shillings in the pound on tibe net rents and profita of all land belonging to those persons who did not reside in Ireland for the space of six months in each year, be levied off sneh owners annually. It originated with, and was strongly supported by, the Viceroy, Lord Hsreourtr and, of course, by the British Govern* naent. But his lordship and his government were beaten by the absentees, the great proprietors of Ireland, who did successfully oppose it by bribery ; and they were justified, assueh a measure was most unconstitutionaL They, such absentees, aknost English noble* Bien^ could have beaten any govemanent on this question, in an Irish parliament, while it would not be now entertained in the Imperial ; its spirit is so opposed to the liberty of the subject But wsre the said tax laid on aU land, and houses too, ftir support of the poor, it would not be opposed 72 A CRY TO ISELAKD much by the said proprietors, who know well that this is the only remedy against absenteeism. It is objected that Irish affairs are not attended to ; that there is not time to attend fairly to them, from the press of other business in parliament. Now, we will not talk of the time mis-spent by its members, in detailing Protestant and Catholic quar- rels, processions, law processes, party feuds and local complaints, to the exclusion of business of utility ; but let us look and discover the working- time of the Irish parliaments. Down to the year 1768, when the Octennial Bill passed, and for years afterwards, the parliament used to have only one session in two years ; aad in most cases, as may be seen by reference, for not above two or three months ; being at the rate of one monthy or six weeks, a year. Now, will any one pretend to assert, that Ireland does not get so much time allowed her during the session ? The impression in England is, that she gets much more, more than her fair share. It is complained, that English and Scotchmen legislate for you, who know nothing about you. If you think a moment, you must be convinced that such gentlemen have at least no selfish motives to consult, and are the more likely to do fair jus- tice, giving their greater sympathy to the weaker AND THE EMPIBE. 73 parties. It is not necessary to particularize, but it is felt that the interests of the representatives and of the represented are often in opposition. Let us put a case hypothetically : suppose some member would move, that the common landa^ which at the beginning of last century belonged to the towns, villages, parishes, and places for the benefit of the poor of Ireland, and which were most unright- eously seized upon and appropriated to their own use by the parliament and its satellites, without shame or consideration, at the time they robbed the clergy too of their tithe of agistment, sending the latter* to strip the cotter, and deprive the peasant of his potato. I say, if such a motion were put, we see not how or why British members would oppose so just a proposal; but we know what chance or fair play it would have from the Irish. This used to be a complaint with Scotland, in the infancy of her Union ; but with her forty-five members only, in later years, and these no repre- sentatives, in the popular sense of the word, we never heard of a complaint of want of fair justice being done, but, on the contrary, we find it the heat conditioned coimtry in Europe, without Vice- roy, or immense army of military and police, all kept up to draw English money into the land, which is, after all, only one great lazzaretto. 3. Diminution of taxation. The great diminu- 74 A CRY TO IRELAND tion made in bur taxes many years ago, by the present Lord Bexley, ivith the most benevolent in- tentions, was, we must allow, an act of injustice to the other parts of the empire, and particularly to Scotland, from which there never came a complaint. But, on the part of the heavily taxed English people, taxed too for the support of vast numbers of Irish poor, there is a jealousy against this unfair advantage given to Ireland, when she appears tc use it for agiiiitian purpoaes, disturbing the peace, and adding to the expense of the empire, as a re- turn for the indulgence. If taxes are laid on to pay public expenses, we must expect rather an increase than a diminution ; or expect, perhaps, Scotland to assist us, who goes on paying into the treasury, from which she takes little or nothing out. 4. As to trade and commerce. Gracious Hea- ven I are they not aa free by law tojico themselves in Ireland^ as they are in Scotland or England ? Who or what law prevents the natives of either or of any countty to fix them there, or even the natives of the country itself from leaving it ? The same answer will do for all. The nation must create, the government cannot give, trade and commerce ; it can only give facilities and protec- tion, and all these are abundantly given to Ireland by the tiseless favour of Heaven, as well as the AND THE EMPIRE. 75 law of the land. Our taste for trade and com- merce runs too much upon those of agitation and mischief, and this with our staple manufacture of beggars^ are all well calculated to leave us therein a complete monopoly. The Jews have made a home in every country of Europe but ours. If, therefore, they are a retained people of the Lord, for some special purpose, why does it seem pnv hibited that they should have any intercourse with us, though there are many points of resemblance between the two nations. The gypsies even, a class even below the paupers in England, would, in the case of transportation, prefer going to Botany Bay before Ireland. If then aU, even the lowest class in this country of Great Britain, have a horror of— not Ireland, but— Irish morality, habits, recklessness, lawlessness, and crimes, away with dreaming of such residents as trade and commerce, which can only abide in tranquillity, like their own ships, that may be lost in violent storms, or by pirates, or other misfortune. As we are upon this subject, we may as well notice one apparently fair cause of complaint on our part. Why should there be seven royal dock-yards in England^ (one at Pembroke5 in South Wales,) while we are not allowed one in our great waters ? E 2 76 A CRY TO IBELAND The basis of respective taxation, settled at the Union, that is, : 16 : 2 : : or : 7i : 1, would give us one of them within a fraction, or one-iifteenth part, while the advantages of such an establish- ment, great as they may be to Sheemess or Chat- ham, would be incalculably greater to us. The building of a line-of-battle-ship would be a grand elevation of the human mind in such a place as Cork to study and steadiness. Peter the Great, who descended from his imperial throne, to put himself apprentice to ship-building, enlightened and served his people more by that art, in a few years, than they had been for a thousand before. This is a prima facie complaint, which the jus- tice of the English nation, upon proper remon- strance or explanation, would gladly see recti6ed ; but government must be guided by principles fair and equal for all. Perhaps the expenses of a vice-regal court, con- siderable in its ramifications, left as a boon to Ireland, may be judged a fair set-off against a royal dock-yard ; and to this we might also add, perhaps, its vast military establishments. Perhaps there may be also a just apprehension of the jea- lousies that would be excited against the place fortunate enough to be selected. We dont know. It looks like injustice at first sight, yet it may be AND THE EMPIRE. 77 proved to demonstration nearly, that it is not so : it ought to be satisfactorily explained away from a proper authority. Other arguments may have been used by those gentlemen who are taking so much trouble to possess their incautious countrymen with their own patriotism, in trying, as they term it, to restore the independence of their country, already alluded to in Chapter I. Wonderful, but tedious, is what the people have been told, to combine them on this occasion, something like the goodly mobs of Dublin at the time of the Union. They, the. peo- ple have been, in fact, told everything but the truth — that is, they want to restore for themselves that monopoly of extensive power and place that existed, coeval the Irish parliament, in the hands of a host of little people, for the aggrandizement of themselves upon the impoverishment and slavery of millions. There were, indubitably, honest men that opposed the Union at its enaction, but who could do it now ? It is a different thing to oppose the raising of a building, and its continuance when completed with a view to its demolition. To be sure, there was a great expenditure of money upon the building, and it might be a capital job to de- molish it^ in the hope of having a like outlay over again, which would do the people no good, as it would be kept in the hands of the few monopolists. 78 A CBY TO IRELAND If also, in addition to this, some people are so silly as to think they might raise a pretty fabric out of the materials for the Roman Catholic religion in Ireland, they are under delusion indeed. The British people, from their vast commercial and other pursuits, have so extensive and thorough a know- ledge of the religion, as it works practically in the different parts of the world, that they are ex- ceedingly averse to having it at all in this empire, and will not allow it any thing more than a sort of alien existence. It may suit the beggars, ban- ditti, and slaves of Southern Europe, Naples, or Italy, but Britain will have none of these. It will be obvious that almost all the high ap* pointments in church and state in Ireland, are now, and have been since the Union, more completely in the hands of Irishmen, than they ever were perhaps before. They have a fair, if not much more than a fair, proportion of rank in the army. The government offices, and places in London, through England, through the colonies, are much occupied by them. India, especially its army, entertains a great many. Indeed it is astonishing how Ireland, with her supposed limited patronage, has so greatly suc- ceeded in occupying so large a share of public place over John Bull, in his own garrisons and territories — yet so it is ; and he does not complain. AND THE EMPIBE. 79 though he cannot help coivsidering sometimes, and jealousy he has none. His broad brow has no room for it ; it is all occupied with plans for bene- fiting his family, and all mankind. | 4,654 |
<urn:uuid:85a61e1d-c658-494e-87b5-414ba27434bf> | French Open Data | Open Government | Various open data | null | https://www.economie.gouv.fr/toutes-les-actualites-vous-orienter/thematique/consommation-6940/thematique/impots-et-fiscalite-6949/thematique/numerique-6952/thematique/ressources-humaines-6967 | economie.gouv.fr | French | Spoken | 17 | 32 | Toutes les actualités - Page 1 sur 17 Particuliers - Consommation, Impôts et fiscalité, Numérique, Ressources humaines | 1,530 |
https://github.com/xunjianxiang/pay/blob/master/app/controller/home.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | pay | xunjianxiang | JavaScript | Code | 40 | 101 | 'use strict';
const Controller = require('egg').Controller;
class HomeController extends Controller {
async index () {
const user = await this.ctx.service.user.ensure('appshield', 'asdf1234');
const { debug = false } = this.ctx.query;
await this.ctx.render('index', { user, debug });
}
}
module.exports = HomeController;
| 33,740 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14680832 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,013 | Stack Exchange | Adil, Greesemonkey3, Ley47, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1298762, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1322195, https://stackoverflow.com/users/152349, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1837467, mshsayem | English | Spoken | 550 | 878 | Hide column of an autogenerated gridview with one templatefield
I have autogenerated columns here from visitid and so on. The first column however was a templatefield. now I wanted to hide VisitID. I tried this code but it didn't work. I am using vb as my codebehind
e.Row.Cells(1).Visible = False
In which event handler are you using this line: e.Row.Cells(1).Visible = False?
I tried it on rowcreated and rowdatabound it says
"Specified argument was out of the range of valid values. Parameter name: index"
I have tried several ways but also ended with this code and it worked finally I just added a condition. I'm sorry maybe I lacked information. I had a pagination in the gridview.. Here was my working code.
Protected Sub Gdvisitor_RowCreated(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Web.UI.WebControls.GridViewRowEventArgs) Handles Gdvisitor.RowCreated
If (e.Row.Cells.Count > 1) Then
e.Row.Cells(1).Visible = False
End If
End Sub
At first it was "....cells.count < 0" and that didn't work the index was still out of range but when I changed it to 1. It worked. I think the pagination has something to do with it. I'm not sure though... Thank you for all the help
Wow Thanks!!!!!! This seemed like a simple problem when I was starting but it took way to long to find an answer. Thanks again Ley47!
To hide the columns you need to set visible to false for column not the cell.
gridView1.Columns(1).Visible = False
I tried this and this is how I did it and put it after databind but it said "Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection. Parameter name: index"
I'm not good with this did I put it on the wrong place?
You have to put it after bind grid, like gridView.DataSource = dt; gridView1.DataBind(); gridView1.Columns(1).Visible = False
hmm thats how I did it like this: Gdvisitor.DataSource = dt;
Gdvisitor.DataBind();
Gdvisitor.Columns(1).Visible = False....... But I got that error I tried replacing 1 with 0 and it hid the view visitor column but to the next indexes it doesn't work anymore
Check the data source how many columns you getting in data source?
In the datasource columns are 6.
Check you might be using the index on some other place that would have been removed after hiding the column. For example you would be accessing index 5 for 6th column before hiding and after hiding you need to use index 4 instead of 5 as now you have 5 columns instead of 6.
Hm. I think that doesn't happen? cause it has 6 indexes and I'm hiding index 1 and also accessing index 1.. So if ever a column is hidden there will still be an index 1 right? and I also tried the breakpoint thing. It wasn't able to hide the column saying "Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection. Parameter name: index" PLEASE CORRECT ME IF I'M WRONG
Try this ...
GridView.Columns(1).Visible = false
Try this...
gridview name.columns(column number).visible=false;
If u want to hide the 3rd column use the above code as:
gridview name.columns(3).visible=false;
Autogeneraterd grids' columns cannot be hidden. If you do a check like dg.columns.count you'll get 0 instead of 6.
Use a template column for each one or do this using jQuery.
| 588 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%20Fed%20Cup%20Europe/Africa%20Zone%20Group%20III%20%E2%80%93%20Pool%20A%20%28Ulcinj%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 2019 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III – Pool A (Ulcinj) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2019 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III – Pool A (Ulcinj)&action=history | English | Spoken | 143 | 225 | Pool A (Ulcinj) of the 2019 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Group III was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Group III of the 2019 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and bottom teams proceeding to their respective section of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group II.
Standings
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. if two teams have the same number of wins, head-to-head record; 3. if three teams have the same number of wins, (a) number of matches won in the group, then (b) percentage of sets won in the group, then (c) percentage of games won in the group, then (d) Fed Cup rankings.
Round robin
Armenia vs. Montenegro
Norway vs. Armenia
Norway vs. Montenegro
See also
Fed Cup structure
References
External links
Fed Cup website
A3 | 34,233 |
https://github.com/amany9000/ToDo-API/blob/master/server/config.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | ToDo-API | amany9000 | JavaScript | Code | 29 | 119 | var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || "development";
if(env == "development"){
process.env.PORT = 3000;
process.env.MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/TodoApp';
} else if( env == "test"){
process.env.PORT = 3000;
process.env.MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/TodoTestApp';
}
console.log(env)
| 193 |
https://github.com/danx0r/mongo/blob/master/jstests/core/index3.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,021 | mongo | danx0r | JavaScript | Code | 36 | 130 | // Cannot implicitly shard accessed collections because of extra shard key index in sharded
// collection.
// @tags: [assumes_no_implicit_index_creation]
t = db.index3;
t.drop();
assert(t.getIndexes().length == 0);
t.ensureIndex({name: 1});
t.save({name: "a"});
t.ensureIndex({name: 1});
assert(t.getIndexes().length == 2);
assert(t.validate().valid);
| 28,910 |
2359338_1 | Caselaw Access Project | Open Government | Public Domain | 1,932 | None | None | English | Spoken | 2,544 | 3,501 | Burke, J.
On the 3rd day -of .March, 1931, an information. w;a,s filed against the defendants, Fred Bossart and Henry Bossart, .'Stating that on the 11th day of January, 1931, within the county of Dickey and state of North Dakota, the .above nam^d.defendants had committed the crime of grand larceny, committed as follows.to wit: That at thp said time and. place the. said defendants did then and there wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously, by means of ;frand and stealth, take, steal and carry away certain goods,, wares and merchandise, the property of P. R. Jenner, and not the. property of sá,id defendants, with the intent then and there had by the defendants to deprive the owner thereof, which'said goods, wares and merchandise were of the value of twenty dollars, which are named and described as follows:' (description of the goods álléged to h'ave been stolen.) A similar-information was--filed against John Ellingson-. charging him with the same offense committedi at:the. same 'time apdrplace. On stipulation the three defendants were-, all -tried' together iin- one action. On the -4th day of March, 1931,' an application was made by-.the state's attorney for a change of the place of trial of said defendants. The motion for change of' place of trial was granted on the lYth day of March, 193.1, and the place of trial was changed to Barnes county, where the case was tried before Hon. P. G. Swenson, on the 5th day of June, 1931, and a verdict returned against each of the defendants as follows: "we the jury duly empaneled and sworn to try the above entitled action do find the defendant guilty as charged in the information of the crime of -grand- larceny." Thereafter and before sentence the defendant moved in arrest of judgment, first, that the information filed alleged the property to be of the value of twenty dollars and in no event could the defendant be found guilty of any greater .crime than that of petit -larceny. - There are other questions raised which will be considered in connection with the admission of testimony. The motion in arrest of judgment was overruled and when asked if they had any legal reason why sentence should not be pronounced,. Mr. Appellants contend, first, that the showing for a change of place of trial ¡was an abuse of discretion; that the statements in the. affidavits are merely conclusions and not statements of fact. It is true that there .are many conclusions stated in .both' the Affidavits for the motion and those opposing it; but there are also-many, statements of-facts. The affidavit of the state's attorney, shows-, that. the prosecution was instituted by the sheriff of the county., who claimed to have found some '.of-the stolen property in the possession of the defendants;'-that-he would be the principal witness. That after the-arrest of the defendants :and while driving.on the highway he shot And killed one of them; that he had previously been very active in searching various'premises, 'attending numerous parties -and dances where-, intoxicating liquors might be found ¿and had become very unpopular; that a certain newspaper, a copy of which was attached to the affidavit, was circulated in Dickey county, referring to the sheriff as facing a first degree murder charge, and in glaring scarehead lines the following phrases were set out: "Mikkelson's ghost rises to torment county court: father of slain boy promises to bring criminal prosecution: sheriff's act not justified by any legal or moral standard say critics." The paper commenting on the robbery, denies the responsibility of the defendants and each of them and of Mikkelson; that the sheriff threatened to'shoot one of the Bossarts. The paper further argues the facts vigorously insisting and explaining to the people of this county that the defendants and Mikkelson were not guilty and that the sheriff was wholly to blame in said shooting and quoting from the paper "the conclusion must be that the sheriff being an emotional, irresponsible person- — a saddist in fact — craving an opportunity to' kill, used' his weapon without any excuse or provocation. That an official murder has been committed by this official and that he is an unsafe person to carry firearms is apparent. Ever since Crandall became sheriff of Dickey county he has made himself obnoxious to the people; he appears to believe that it is his duty to interfere in social matters, to snoop, to use force in an alleged moral crusade and as a consequence has made innumerable enemies. Appellants are right in their contention that the defendants could ' Only be convicted for petit larceny.
Section.'9915, Compiled Laws 1913, reads as follows: "Larceny is divided into'two degrees; the first of which is termed grand larceny, the second petit larceny." Section 9916, Compiled Laws 1913, defines each degree as follows: "Grand larceny is larceny committed in either of the following cases:
1. When the property taken is of value exceeding twenty dollars.
2. When srich property, although not of value exceeding twenty dollars in value, is taken from the person of another.
Larceny in other cases is petit larceny."
Grand larceny, therefore, is the taking of personal property exceeding twenty dollars in value or the taking of personal property from the person without regard to its value when such taking is accomplished by fraud and stealth and with intent to deprive another thereof.. When personal property is not taken from -the person or when it is not of greater value than twenty dollars, although accomplished by fraud and stealth with intent to deprive another thereof, it is only petit larceny. In this case, it is true, that the information states that the defendants had committed the crime of "Grand Larceny," but in the charging part of the information it alleges that the goods stolen were of the value of twenty dollars. This is the important part of the-information and it'only charges petit larceny. "The caption (or formal part) of an indictment or information need not state or describe-the offense charged, and if it does so, any misstatement therein or variance from the indictment will be immaterial." 31 O. L 609,. § 90; Cronkhite v. State, 11 Ind. 307; State v. Bunch, 119 Ark. 219, 177 S. W. 932; Williams v. State, 47 Ark. 230, 1 S. W. 149; Howard v. State, 67 Ind. 401; State v. McIntire, 59 Iowa, 264, 13 N. W. 286. id., 59 Iowa, 267, 13 N. W. 287; State v. Howard, 66 Minn. 309, 34 L.R.A. 178, 61 Am. St. Rep. 403, 68 N. W. 1096; State v. Emmons, 55 Or. 352, 104 Pac. 882, 106 Pac. 451; State v. Jarvis, 18 Or. 360, 23 Pac. 251, 8 Am. Crim. Rep. 367; State v. Sweet, 2 Or. 127. It follows as a matter of course that defendants could only be tried for and convicted of petit larceny as charged in the information.
Appellant contends there was no evidence to show that the property found in the possession of John Ellingson was taken from the store on the night of the robbery. When Ellingson was arrested he had in his automobile a quantity of groceries and some merchandise. After his arrest he was sent into Merricourt by the sheriff, who remained in his own automobile with Mikkelson, with whom he had an altercation, in which Mikkelson was shot. Instead of driving into Merricourt as ordered by the sheriff, Ellingson turned off from the road, threw the groceries into a ditch and then proceeded to Merricourt driving around the section. When Ellingson was questioned about the merchandise he had in his car when he was first arrested he said, "I might as well tell you, you've got me anyway," and he told the sheriff whefe he could find the goods. The sheriff found the goods as directed by Ellingson and there were cost marks on several of the articles found in Ellingson's possession, which Mr. Jenner, his wife and the clerk positively identified as being put on the goods in the Tenner store and there is evidence showing that the goods were the same brands as those kept in the store. The case of State v. Shoars, 59 N. D. 67, 228 N. W. 413, is a case where the defendant was charged with receiving stolen property and this court held that "the identity of the articles received with those stolen, must be shown beyond a reasonable doubt, but identification need not be direct or absolute, but may be proven by circumstantial evidence." State v. Johnson, 36 Wash. 294, 78 Pac. 903; Underhill, Crim. Ev. 3d ed. p. 666, § 465, and cases cited; Gibbs v. State, 130 Ala. 101, 30 So. 393; Jupitz v. People, 34 Ill. 516; Com. v. Slate, 11 Gray, 60; People v. Pitcher, 15 Mich. 397.
"Personal possession of stolen property, not satisfactorily explained, constitutes an evidential fact from which complicity in the larceny thereof may be inferred." State v. Rosencrans, 9 N. D. 163, 82 N. W. 422; State v. McCarty, 47 N. D. 523, 182 N. W. 754; State v. Johnson, 60 N. D. 56, 232 N. W. 473.
The goods were found in the possession of the defendant Ellingson soon after similar 'goods were taken from the store. Some of the goods had the cost .marks of the store. The action of the defendant in trying to get rid of the goods by throwing them away and his admission when he was re-arrested "I might as well tell you, you've got me anyway" was evidence from which the jury might well infer guilt, especially when considered with all the other evidence in the case.
Appellant specifies as error the overruling of objection to tbe following question asked on cross-examination of Henry Bossart:
"Q. Did you on or about the 17th day of April, 1931 drive one -Tex Jennings and one Henry Both into Edgeley in your car, waiting-in the park in Edgeley pursuant to arrangements, whereby these two men were to and did make a burglarious entry into the bank at Edgeley for the purpose of getting money unlawfully and for you to wait in the park or anywhere else in Edgeley in order to drive Tex out again for his escape ?
"A. No, I did not."
It was specifically stated by the attorney for the state that the information asked for was only for the purpose of effecting the credibility of the witness' testimony. In the case of State v. Kent (State v. Pancoast) 5 N. D. 516, 35 L.R.A. 518, 67 N. W. 1052, Judge Bartholomew said: "Where a cross-examiner seeks to impair the credibility of a 'witness by proof of collateral crimes, he should be confined to specific acts. He may ask the witness whether or not he committed the act, or whether he has been convicted thereof or imprisoned therefor. But, manifestly, the interrogatories should be so framed as to permit the witness to admit or deny the act itself. He should not, for impeachment purposes, be asked questions which simply suggest inference. It has repeatedly been held that a party could not be asked whether or not he had been indicted for a particular offense, on the ground that an indictment did not prove guilt." Again oh page 558 of 5 N. D., 35 L.R.A. 533, 67 N. W. 1064, the court said: "Nothing is better settled than that, where a witness is asked as to collateral crimes for this purpose, his answers are absolutely conclusive on the party 'asking. 3 Rice, Ev. § 222." State v. McGahey, 3 N. D. 293, 56 N. W. 753; Territory v. O'Hare, 1 N. D. 30, 44 N. W. 1003; State v. Oien, 26 N. D. 552, 145 N. W. 424; State v. Nyhus, 19 N. D. 326, 27 L.R.A.(N.S.) 487, 124 N. W. 71; State v. Rozum, 8 N. D. 548, 80 N. W. 477; State v. Ekanger, 8 N. D. 559, 80 N. W. 482; State v. Keillor, 50 N. D. 728, 197 N. W. 859; State v. In the instant case the trial judge required the state to frame the question so that the witness could admit or deny the act, the witness-denied it and the examination ended Avith his answer. The testimony was admitted in accordance with the practice as outlined in the Kent Case. The case of State v. Apley, 25 N. D. 298, 48 L.R.A.(N.S.) 269, 141 N. W. 740, relied on by appellant, is really against appellant's, contention inasmuch as this court reversed the lower court in sustaining objections to the testimony relating to the conduct of the prosecuting Avitness offered for the purpose of impairing her credibility. That part of the opinion upon which appellant relies does not include-the questions and answers asked of the defendant ón cross-examination. The court states that "In view of another trial aa'c will state that the-cross-examination of the defendant, permitted over objections, exceeded proper bounds." From what folloAvs in the opinion it appears that the jury might have drawn improper inferences from this testimony,, the very thing that is condemned in the Kent Case, in the following-language: "He (the defendant) should not, for impeachment purposes be asked questions which simply suggest inference. The interrogatories^ should be framed so as to permit the witness to admit or deny the act itself."
There was no error in overruling the defendants' nfotion for a directed verdict, as the information clearly charges the crime of petit larceny and the evidence fully sustains the charge. No claim was made that the information charged only petit larceny until after the verdict was-returned. The case was tried upon the theory that the information charged grand larceny, evidence was offered to show that the property 'involved exceeded twenty dollars in value. The court, in carefully prepared instructions, submitted the case to the jury upon the theory that the information charged grand larceny. Ho defined very clearly both degrees of the crime of larceny and instructed the jury accordingly. The jury undoubtedly intended to return and did return a verdict for grand larceny.
No objection was made to this verdict and when it was returned the same was received and duly recorded. If the objection that the defendants could not be convicted of more than petit larceny had been made at that timo the trial judge could have sent the jury back under § 10,892 and 10,894, Compiled Laws 1913, and directed them to reconsider their verdict, or in other words, have instructed them that they could not find the defendants guilty of any crime greater than that of petit larceny. The question, however, was not raised until it was raised in a motion in arrest of judgment. It was urged again before sentence was imposed and also in motion to vacate and set aside the judgment and sentence and for a new trial. A verdict and judgment for grand larceny on an information charging only petit larceny cannot stand and since the defendants raised the question by motion to vacate and set aside the judgment and sentence and for a new trial, we are of the opinion that the motion should have been granted.
The judgment of the District Court is reversed and a new trial is ordered.
Christianson, Ch. J., and Birdzell, Nuessle and Burr, JJ.,' uoncur..
| 18,326 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21403035 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Heart in Hand | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 241 | 431 | Heart in Hand
album av Bill Booth & The Convertibles
Heart in Hand forekomst av album
Heart in Hand utøver Bill Booth
Heart in Hand sjanger countrymusikk
Heart in Hand produsent Nils Halleland
Heart in Hand utgivelsesdato 1998
Heart in Hand
album de Bill Booth
Heart in Hand nature de l’élément album
Heart in Hand interprète Bill Booth
Heart in Hand genre artistique musique country
Heart in Hand producteur ou productrice Nils Halleland
Heart in Hand date de publication 1998
Heart in Hand
muziekalbum van Bill Booth
Heart in Hand is een muziekalbum
Heart in Hand uitvoerend artiest Bill Booth
Heart in Hand genre countrymuziek
Heart in Hand producer Nils Halleland
Heart in Hand datum van uitgave 1998
Heart in Hand
Heart in Hand esiintymä kohteesta musiikkialbumi
Heart in Hand lajityyppi country
Heart in Hand julkaisupäivä 1998
Heart in Hand
album by Bill Booth
Heart in Hand instance of album
Heart in Hand performer Bill Booth
Heart in Hand genre country music
Heart in Hand producer Nils Halleland
Heart in Hand publication date 1998
Heart in Hand
Heart in Hand instancia de álbum
Heart in Hand intérprete Bill Booth
Heart in Hand género country
Heart in Hand productor Nils Halleland
Heart in Hand fecha de publicación 1998
Heart in Hand
Heart in Hand sampla de albam ceoil
Heart in Hand taibheoir Bill Booth
Heart in Hand seánra ceol tuaithe
Heart in Hand léiritheoir Nils Halleland
Heart in Hand dáta foilsithe 1998 | 42,949 |
https://github.com/cihanozhan/magicwand-datatool/blob/master/magicwand-data-generator/magicwand/magicwand_cli/cli.py | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | magicwand-datatool | cihanozhan | Python | Code | 962 | 2,515 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Purpose:
Entrypoint script for MAGICWAND. Is the CLI interface for ...
Steps:
- Init CLI command and froups
Script Call:
magicwand COMMAND [ARGS]...
Example Call:
magicwand --help
Copyright:
This research was developed with funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency (DARPA) under Contract #HR0011-16-C-0060. This document was cleared for
release under Distribution Statement” A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution
Unlimited). The views, opinions, and/or findings expressed are those of the authors
and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the
Department of Defense of the U.S. Government.
The Government has unlimited rights to use, modify, reproduce, release,
perform, display, or disclose computer software or computer software
documentation marked with this legend. Any reproduction of technical data,
computer software, or portions thereof marked with this legend must also
reproduce this marking.
MIT License
(C) 2020 Two Six Labs, LLC. All rights reserved.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"""
# Python Library Imports
import os
import sys
import logging
import click
# Local Python Library Imports
from magicwand.magicwand_state.magicwand_state import MagicwandState
from magicwand.magicwand_utils import (
magicwand_utils,
start_runs,
init_utils,
)
import magicwand.magicwand_components.mw_calibrate as mw_calibrate
# Setup Magicwand Logging
LOGLEVEL = logging.INFO
logging.basicConfig(
format="%(asctime)s | %(levelname)s : %(message)s",
level=LOGLEVEL,
stream=sys.stdout,
)
LOGGER = logging.getLogger("mw-log")
###
# Globals
###
MagicwandConfig = magicwand_utils.load_configs()
def check_if_in_project() -> bool:
"""
Purpose:
Prepare magicwand for calibration
# SKIP, this should be in a util and prob should be called
Args:
N/A
Returns:
status (Boolean): False if not in magicwand project, True if in magicwand project
"""
# check if folder exisit
if os.path.exists(".mw_proj"):
# SKIP we should only check this file, in a git project if you delete .git
# you are no longer in a git project we will follow that example
status = True
else:
LOGGER.info("Not inside Magicwand Project")
LOGGER.info("run `magicwand init --folder=FOLDER_NAME` and retry")
status = False
return status
def _get_log_level(verbose: bool) -> int:
"""
Purpose:
Get the log level
Args:
verbose (bool): log with verbose enabled
Returns:
int: the log level
"""
return logging.DEBUG if verbose else logging.INFO
###
# CLI Entrypoint
###
@click.group(invoke_without_command=False)
@click.version_option(MagicwandConfig.VERSION)
@click.pass_context
def magicwand_cli(cli_context: click.Context) -> None:
"""Magicwand data generation tool"""
"""
Purpose:
Magicwand entrypoint command
Args:
cli_context( Object )- cli object for magicwand
Returns:
N/A
"""
# Get context about the command being run (which Click had a better
# way to do this)
# cli_command = " ".join(sys.argv[:])
# command_root = cli_context.command_path
# command_subcommand = cli_context.invoked_subcommand
cli_context.obj = MagicwandState()
###
# Magicwand Commands
###
@click.command("calibrate")
@click.option("--ratio", help="Ratio config file", required=False)
@click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help="Print more output.")
@click.option(
"--attack",
default="apachekill",
help="Attack to tune, valid options: apachekill",
required=True,
)
def calibrate_command(attack: str, ratio: str, verbose: str) -> None:
"""Calibrate the magicwand tool"""
"""
Purpose:
Calibrate magicwand
Args:
attack (String) - attack to calibrate
ratio (String) - ratio config file
verbose (Boolean) - Print debug messages
Returns:
N/A
"""
if not check_if_in_project():
sys.exit(1)
LOGGER.info("Running calibration for: " + attack)
try:
if mw_calibrate.calibrate(attack, _get_log_level(verbose)) != 0:
sys.exit(1)
except ValueError as error:
LOGGER.exception(error)
sys.exit(1)
except OSError as error:
LOGGER.fatal(error)
sys.exit(1)
except Exception as error:
LOGGER.fatal(error)
sys.exit(1)
LOGGER.info("Calibration Process Finished")
@click.command("run")
@click.option("--config", help="JSON file with run parameters", required=True)
@click.option(
"--data_version", default="test_runs", help="Folder to save runs", required=True
)
@click.option("--count", default=1, help="Number of runs", type=int)
@click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True, help="Print more output.")
def run_command(config: str, count: int, data_version: str, verbose: bool) -> None:
"""Start a run to generate data"""
"""
Purpose:
Start a run to generate data
Args:
config(String) - JSON file with run parameters
count(Int) - Number of runs
data_version(string) - Folder to save runs
verbose(Boolean) - Print debug messages
Returns:
N/A
"""
if not check_if_in_project():
sys.exit(1)
if start_runs.run(config, count, data_version, _get_log_level(verbose)) != 0:
sys.exit(1)
LOGGER.info("Run Process Finished")
@click.command("init")
@click.option("--project", help="Project to create", required=True)
def init_command(project: str) -> None:
"""Create and initialize magicwand folder"""
"""
Purpose:
Create and initialize magicwand folder
Args:
folder (String) - Folder to create
Returns:
N/A
"""
# already pevents duplicate inits
# No force let them delete their data
if init_utils.init(project) != 0:
sys.exit(1)
@click.command("convert")
@click.option("--pcap", help="PCAP to convert", required=True)
@click.option("--output", "-o", default="cic_flow.csv", help="Output .csv filename")
@click.option(
"--force",
"-f",
is_flag=True,
default=False,
help="Force output file to be overwritten if it already exists.",
)
def convert_command(pcap: str, output: str, force: bool) -> None:
"""Convert any pcap file to a CIC csv file"""
"""
Purpose:
Convert any pcap file to a CIC csv file
Args:
pcap (String) - Name of the pcap file to convert
output (String) - Name of output file
force (flag) - Overwrite file if exists
Returns:
N/A
"""
if magicwand_utils.convert_pcap(pcap, output, force) != 0:
sys.exit(1)
###
# CLI Startup
###
def setup_magicwand_cli() -> None:
"""
Purpose:
Build Command Groups for Magicwand CLI.
Args:
N/A
Returns:
N/A
"""
# Magicwand Commands
magicwand_cli.add_command(init_command)
magicwand_cli.add_command(calibrate_command)
magicwand_cli.add_command(run_command)
magicwand_cli.add_command(convert_command)
###
# Script Main Execution
###
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
setup_magicwand_cli()
except Exception as err:
print(f"{os.path.basename(__file__)} failed due to error: {err}")
raise err
| 9,728 |
https://github.com/Brightspace/sample-bookwidget/blob/master/BookWidget/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,022 | sample-bookwidget | Brightspace | C# | Code | 38 | 295 | <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
<link href="@Url.Content("~/Content/bootstrap.min.css")" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" />
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.9.0.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.blockUI.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/modernizr-1.7.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container-fluid">
@RenderBody( )
<footer>
<p><small>© 2013 Desire2Learn</small></p>
</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>
| 18,480 |
US-48074395-A_1 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 1,995 | None | None | English | Spoken | 7,222 | 9,125 | Optically crosslinked communication system (OCCS)
ABSTRACT
An optically-based communication system hosted on an elevated platform (e.g., a satellite a tower, or other platform having a substantial vantage point) that uses multiple spatially diverse transmit and receive beams that are optically cross coupled to fully reuse the spectrum and which will create a fully interactive, high bandwidth, high capacity, fully switched communication system. The elevated platform (i.e., satellite, orbiting or tethered vehicles, airborne platforms, towers, etc.) reuses its assigned bandwidth in each of (N) multiple beams (or sectors). The beams are formed by either RF or optical means. The specific users in each beam are then spatially separated in frequency by use of an optical "Bragg Cell." The separated signals are then duplicated through a half mirror and a full mirror and recombined optically to create outputs that are unique combinations of frequencies from each full set of input beams. The recombined signals are then shifted to the transmit band and retransmitted through the same (N) multiple beams. The entire communication system then becomes a single elevated platform which can fully switch a high bandwidth, high channel capacity network.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to communication systems using elevated platforms (e.g., satellites, orbiting or tethered vehicles, airborne platforms, towers, etc.) for, among other things, a switched relay, and in particular, to the provision of a variable bandwidth, high channel capacity, fully switched, fully interactive communication network operating from a single elevated platform. The inventive system is an optically cross-linked communication system (OCCS).
2. Description of the Related Art
Elevated platforms have been used for radio frequency (RF) communication for years. For example, Cellular telephone systems, Basic Exchange Telephone Radio System (BETRS), Personal Communication Systems (PCS), Geostationary and Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) Satellites, Broadcast Radio and Television (TV) are ubiquitous in our society. In contrast, wide bandwidth systems (typically 1 MHz) have been generally limited to distributive systems (i.e., TV, Direct Broadcast Systems, including DSS, C and Ku band satellite TV systems) or limited to wide bandwidth point-to-point interactive links between a very few (typically 2) points, thereby limiting access to a selected few users.
A typical example is a wide bandwidth point-to-point gateway system, in which a user in Europe communicates to a user in the United States (U.S.) via a satellite positioned over the Atlantic Ocean. The footprint from one of the satellite's beams covers the European user and the footprint from a second beam covers the US user. These wide bandwidth applications exist but are limited presently to a few communication channels.
Some newer "wireless" system designs (e.g., LEO systems such as Iridium, Teledesic, and Globalstar) promise full worldwide interactivity, but they only assure voice capability and other narrowband features, while costing billions of dollars to implement. Typical communication systems have been limited by low bandwidth (typically 10 KHz, sufficient to support 4.8 kilobits/second--kb/sec to 64 kb/sec) because only low bandwidth systems can be fully switched to serve a large number of customers in a fully interactive way. An interesting example of a competing communication system is the U.S. phone system--a "wired" system. It services 130 million lines with fully interactive (switched) 64 kb/sec (about 10 KHz or less of bandwidth) channels. This takes over 20,000 buildings to implement the switching component of the system, and over $200 billion in additional costs for wires, poles, buildings, etc. to implement the "wired" components of the system.
It would be desirable to provide a communication system (or other systems servicing a number of users) that would operate from a single elevated platform that could handle a very large number of customers providing each with fully interactive, switched variable bandwidth (wide or narrow, depending upon user demands) service. Implementing such a system would require a low-cost, low-weight, high performance switch capable of handling digital or analog waveforms, and a variety of multiple access schemes. The application of acousto-optic devices, such as "Bragg Cells," and unique optical switching to provide wide bandwidth, high capacity communication systems from a single elevated platform has not been identified, as far as the present inventor is aware.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to create a low-cost, low-weight, high performance switch capable of handling digital or analog waveforms, and a variety of multiple access schemes, as an integral component of a communication system hosted on an elevated platform, which does not suffer from the above described drawbacks.
It is a specific object of the invention to provide a system which combines large numbers of antenna beams (e.g., 10 to 4,000), each covering a distinct geographic sector, and a novel optical processing and switching system utilizing Bragg Cell technology. (The terms "beam" and "sector" serve the same purpose for the present invention: both refer to geographically distinct service areas covered by the radiation pattern of one or more antennas). By focusing optical channels, derived from the diverse beams, on an optically coupled Bragg Cell, the frequency content of the optical channels can be spatially separated into a plurality of individual frequency bands. By appropriately splitting (i.e., duplicating or reproducing) the spatially separated optical channels to create a duplicate set of spatially separated optical channels and recombining the two spatially separated sets of optical channels along diagonals, each incoming beam that enters the switch system can access each outgoing beam that exits the switch system by initially selecting the proper up-link frequency. (The up-link frequency is merely the transmit frequency of the source terminal that is attempting to establish communications with a destination terminal via the switch system). This could, for example, allow for simultaneous full switching of one million 1 MHz (i.e., wideband, full motion compressed video) signals to a large number of users; thus yielding, from one satellite, a fully interactive video network capable of supporting the same customer base as the total U.S. telephone system.
A further object of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is to provide a switch capable of handling wide channel bandwidths. The bandwidth achieved by this invention will allow for 100 times the bandwidth assigned to each user of the expensive LEO systems, and handles over 100 times the number of simultaneous users in one elevated platform that the LEO systems handle with as many as 66 to 840 satellites.
A further object of the of the preferred embodiment present invention is to provide a low-cost, low-weight switch system as an integral part of a wireless communications system. Since the inventive system requires only one elevated platform, the cost of the inventive system is relatively quite low to comparable systems such as LEO satellites that require 10's of satellites, or cellular telephone networks that require 1000's of communications towers. The primary internal components of the present invention includes a 1×N Laser diode array, a 1×N detector array, one quartz "Bragg Cell" and a selected few lenses and mirrors. This enables a reduction in system weight to only a few pounds for the basic switching mechanism, thereby making the switching component applicable for use in a variety of elevated platforms, including satellites, orbiting or tethered vehicles, airborne platforms, towers, etc.
A further object of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is to accommodate a large number of antenna beams, each of which service users in distinct geographic sectors, where each beam services a number of users. The OCCS accommodates, for example, from 10 to 4,000 simultaneous beams (the baseline design being 1,000 from a geostationary satellite, for coverage of an area the size of the U.S.). Since coverage (i.e., the footprint) of each beam does not appreciably overlap, it is possible to reuse the full spectrum in each beam if the beams are isolated properly (including, but not limited to, polarization isolation and spatial isolation). It is possible to handle 1000 customers per beam (1 MHz/channel in a total bandwidth of 1000 MHz) enabling total simultaneous usage by approximately 1 million customers. The total number of customers per beam being limited by the multiple access scheme and bandwidth requirements of each user. While the present invention is compatible with a wide variety of multiple access and bandwidth allocation schemes, this invention neither limits, nor requires, nor is improved by the use of any one particular waveform protocol.
It is a further object of the preferred embodiment of the present invention to switch, for example, the 1 million incoming channels to the 1 million outgoing channels. As mentioned above, the present phone system requires over 20,000 buildings to switch the same number of much lower bandwidth audio channels. Moreover, the present invention switches the same number of higher bandwidths (e.g., 1 MHz) video channels within a fairly small elevated platform (e.g., a satellite).
It is a further object of the preferred embodiment of the present invention to use components that are commonly available. The devices necessary to perform the switching function in the present invention (i.e., a 1×N Laser diode array, 1×N detector array, Bragg Cell, and various focusing lenses and mirrors) are all commonly available.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, each customers' ground based unit selects a frequency that corresponds with a frequency assigned to the party to whom he or she wishes to communicate (i,e,, frequency select or encode). The ground based terminal will then transmit a signal to that party at the selected frequency. The antenna on the elevated platform that services this user will receive the transmitted signal within its beam, as well as all the other simultaneous users who are communicating through the same antenna beam. On the elevated platform, each beam, which contains all the frequencies, is used to modulate a Laser diode, which then irradiates a "Bragg Cell," an actively driven acousto-optical material, like quartz. An optical signal will either reflect off of, or pass through the acousto-optical material and will be refracted at different angles for different frequencies. Moreover, frequency bands within each optical channel will be spatially spread, depending upon their modulation frequency. Each spatially spread, discrete frequency band creates an optical channel element. Energy received from each of the other beams are likewise converted to optical channels and simultaneously focused on a separate portion of the Bragg cell, whereby each optical channel is converted into a set of discrete optical channel elements.
The Bragg Cell effectively resolves the wideband optical channels into multiple optical channels having separate frequencies. After collimation by a lens and beam splitting to create two substantially identical sets of optical channel elements, the optical channel elements are collapsed along a 45 degree diagonal to a line array (1×N) of detector diodes such that each detector diode combines a series of unique frequencies from each input beam. Thus, by selecting the appropriate uplink frequency, the output channel is automatically accessed and communications is achieved. The return path follows the same steps to achieve two-way communication.
Special optical or electrical paths can be added to redirect a larger portion of an incoming beams' frequencies back to the same outgoing beam since local calls will probably be more likely than calls to any other beam area. These intra-beam paths essentially by-pass the switch components, and are routed directly to the output of the switch for later transmission to the intended geographic sector.
It is also within the contemplation of the invention to add special circuitry as necessary to break some or all channels down further into over 100 audio channels, or to combine a number of channels (e.g., 6) for high definition television (HDTV) transmission. Moreover, the switch components may be complemented as necessary with additional circuitry to meet specific demands of the communities serviced by the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A is an overview of the preferred embodiment of the invention used as an optically coupled communication system (OCCS) for use with a single satellite.
FIG. 1B is an overview of a second embodiment of the invention used as an OCCS for use with a single tower.
FIG. 2 shows the details of the optical and electrical processing used in the OCCS.
FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D describe the approach used for frequency sorting and cyclical recombining for each channel per beam.
FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C show how frequency sorting and cyclical recombining is achieved for the three cases, M=N;M>N; and M<N.
FIG. 5 describes a random switching "double hop" capability added to the first or second embodiment of the invention, or any other embodiment that uses frequency bands to distinguish users from separate geographical sectors.
FIG. 6 describes an intra-beam communications path for "local" signaling that by-passes the switch processing.
FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C are several variants for creating a multiple beam antenna design in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 8 describes a multiple elevated platform system that achieves enhanced sector isolation by the user terminal employing a set of directional antennas.
FIG. 9 is an overview of a third embodiment of an electrically switched system that may be used in any elevated platform, including a satellite or a tower.
FIG. 10 describes the switch matrix that defines those frequencies received from a particular input antenna which are then electrically connected to a particular output antenna.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1A depicts an OCCS utilizing a satellite as the host elevated platform (e.g., geostationary, medium earth orbit, or LEO) in accordance with the present invention, in which N beams 2 with simultaneous M customers 1 per beam, are shown. It should be clear that the present invention may similarly be hosted on other elevated platforms including tethered platforms, airborne platforms, towers, etc. These M customers would be only a small fraction of the total potential users in each of the N beams 2. However, since only approximately 1% of the customers use a two-way communication system at one time (average in the U.S.), these M simultaneous users could represent as many as 100×M potential customers or terminals for interactive video, each having a small antenna, a transceiver, a video camera and a video display. Furthermore, depending upon whether a multiple access waveform is used in concert with the invention disclosed herein, the capacity for simultaneous users would increase in proportion to the efficiency of the multiple access scheme. For example, the M customers described herein could in fact support 100 million simultaneous users, where each of the 1000 beams supports 1000 users employing a multiple access waveform having a capacity of 100 users per frequency routed subband; although the present invention does not depend on any particular multiple access scheme. However, it would be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention disclosed herein would be complementary to many other facets of a larger communications system, including, for example, a new multiple access scheme or a commercial application of waveforms having large time-bandwidth products.
The M simultaneous customers (where M is from 20 to 4,000--typically 1000) would use some near loss-less video compression to compress each signal to a 1 MHz bandwidth (or digital equivalent), for a total of 1000 signals in a typical implementation. These 1000 signals, each having a bandwidth of 1 MHz, are assigned a specific code (i.e., frequency coded) to discriminate one from the next. The total bandwidth of the beam occupies between 0.5 GHz and 1 GHz, depending upon waveform specific parameters such as modulation, error detection and correction coding, waveform protocol, and multiple access scheme. A source terminal establishes communications with a destination terminal by transmitting a signal within one of the N parallel receive beams (typically N=1000) created by the multiple beam receive antenna system 3 on a geostationary satellite (not shown). The OCCS will then route the signal to the destination terminal according to the description herein. Once communications is established between the source terminal and the destination terminal, a two-way communications may occur by completing a similar reverse path.
On the satellite, the 1000 beams received by receive antenna system 3, each containing 1000 simultaneous full bandwidth users are transmitted along N electrical channels 4. These channels are appropriately down converted by receive antenna system 3, if necessary, to support the electrical-to-optical modulator 5. An example of which is a 1×N array of Laser diodes (e.g., typical fiber optic drivers), but any light modulation device array could be used, which then forms N optical channels 6, one per receive beam.
The N optical channels 6, each carrying signals from M users 1 are passed to a frequency resolver 7. The frequency resolver 7 separates each of the signals from the M users 1 in each of the N optical channels 6 to create N×M optical channels 8. The N×M optical channels 8 connect to a Beam Splitter Image Concatenator 9 that duplicates the N×M channels to create N×2M optical channels 10 (i.e., optical channel elements), each of which may be viewed as an optical channel element. Selected ones of the N×2M optical channels 10 (i.e., selected optical channel elements) are cyclically recombined (reoriented and grouped) in a Diagonal Optical Combiner 11 according to their intended geographic destination. Output optical channels 12 are then converted to N electrical channels (signals) 14 via a multiple beam former 13 (e.g., a diode detector array). N electrical channels (signals) 14 are then, after appropriate frequency shifting and amplification, used to feed a transmit antenna system 15 that comprises N transmit antennas. Clearly, the multiple beam former 13 and the N electrical channels 14 could be included within the transmit antenna system 15. Similarly, the N optical output channels 12, multiple beam former 13 and the N electrical channels 14 could augment the diagonal optical combiner 11.
FIG. 1B is an overview of the second preferred embodiment. This is the same system as shown in FIG. 1A, but the elevated platform is a tower, not a satellite. The individual customers M 1 per beam (or sector, the terms are used synonymously herein) are located within specific angular sectors 16. The operation is exactly as described in FIG. 1A. The adjacent sectors must be isolated from each other, either by frequency shift, by polarization (e.g., linear or circular), by code, or by terminal antenna directionality (each isolation approach will later be described in more detail).
The internal processing of OCCS is shown in detail with reference to FIG. 2, FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D, and FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C. In the preferred embodiment, the receive antennas 100, as part of a receive antenna system, receive frequency coded signals that service M customers 1, approximately 1000 per beam (N beams total), and convert the received electromagnetic energy into N electrical channels 4. These N electrical channels 4, and the M signals resident within each of the channels, are converted to the appropriate frequency by the driver 105 that drives a 1×N Laser diode array 110. N optical channels 6 are output from the 1×N Laser diode array 110, see FIG. 3A, where each of the N optical channels 6 maintains the M signals that were resident within the corresponding N electrical channels 4. FIG. 2 and FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D show the preferred embodiment of M=N. (Other cases where M does not equal N will function adequately and is described in more detail below). Having M=N is preferred since in both cases the inputs and outputs may use the same antennas through a frequency diplexer (frequency diplexers are known in the antenna circuitry art as a means for isolating receive and transmit energy in transceiver applications).
Each of the N optical outputs 6 of array 110 are passed through a cylindrical focusing lens 115 then through a collimating lens 120, and reflected off or passed through a Bragg Cell 125 (an acousto-optic device that is commonly available and known in the art) having an appropriate acoustic driver 130 (positioned on the appropriate surface of the Bragg Cell 125). The Bragg Cell 125 is an acousto-optic device that, when driven, embodies spatially periodic optical index perturbations propagated within the Bragg Cell medium. Each optical channel, having wideband frequency components comprising the M signals, interacts with the perturbations in such a way as to spatially separate the M signals by their frequency content. In turn, each of the N optical channels is converted into M optical channels, spread in one dimension, and all of the N optical channels are converted into N×M optical channels.
The spatial spreading occurs because distinct frequency bands within the optical energy will each interact differently when passed through the Bragg cell 125. Higher frequency optical energy will reflect at a slightly different angle than optical energy having a lower frequency. The Bragg Cell 125 creates secondary optical grating lobes from the wideband light that passes through it. The grating lobes are frequency sensitive in angle: 2nd grating lobes at higher frequencies will propagate at a less acute angle than 2nd grating lobes of lower frequencies. Accordingly, the signals from the M users per beam are spread optically in a plane whose orientation is orthogonal to the direction of propagation of the N channels. Because the signals for each of the M customers was encoded with a different frequency, each of the M signals per optical channel will emerge from the Bragg Cell 125 at slightly different angles 135 and creating a total of N×M optical channels 8.
Once the N×M optical channels 8 have spread sufficiently, they are formed into parallel optical beams by a collimating lens 140. Once collimated, the resulting discrete beams form N×M optical channel elements 159. These optical channel elements 159 are passed-through/reflected-off of a 1/2 mirror beam splitter 145 and reflected-off a full mirror 150 such as to create two side-by-side virtual arrays--a "dual virtual array." This dual virtual array 155, as shown in FIG. 3B, contains frequencies f₁ to f_(N) and f₁ to f_(N) (remembering that in the preferred embodiment M=N) repeated for each of the original N beams. Thus, the dual virtual array 155 contains a total of N×2M (or N×2N as shown) optical channel elements 159, two substantially identical sets of the N×M optical channels 8 that emerged from the Bragg Cell 125. This dual virtual array 155 is "virtual" in that it only exists in space and need not be focused or imaged on any surface. The N×2M optical channel elements 159 of the dual virtual array 155 are then selectively passed through a cylindrical focusing lens 160. Since the cylindrical focusing lens 160 is oriented at 45 degrees, relative to both the rows 156 and columns 157 of the dual virtual array 155, only optical channel elements 159 within each of the M diagonals 158 of the dual virtual array 155 are combined (i.e., selective focusing). Moreover, the cylindrical focusing lens adds together only those optical channel elements 159 that reside within the same diagonal 158 in the dual virtual array 155. As shown in FIG. 3C, the output of cylindrical focusing lens 160 contains one frequency band (that corresponds to one of the original M users 1 in a specific beam) from each of the original N beams 2. This is the essence of the inventive switch system: f₁ from beam 1 is combined with f₂ from beam 2, etc., without the need to translate the channels to baseband and without any processing in the switch system. Moreover, the source terminal (i.e,, one of the user terminals) and the destination terminal (another user terminal) include all the requisite control elections to properly route signals through the switch system. In effect, the terminals merely need to decide the up-link frequency in order to affectively switch to the proper destination beam/sector. Each of the N outputs 12 of the cylindrical focusing lens 160 are focused on a corresponding detector from a 1×N row of detectors 165. The output of each detector then contains all frequencies from f₁ to f_(N), but each frequency originated from a different input beam as shown in FIG. 3D. Each of the N electrical outputs (14 not shown in FIG. 2) from the N detectors are translated to the appropriate transmit band, amplified by driver 170 and used to drive a corresponding transmit antenna 175 whose beams each service M simultaneous customers.
Thus, any customer serviced within any one beam can contact any other customer in any beam by simply selecting the appropriate transmit (i.e., uplink) frequency. The receiving customer merely monitors the energy within the receiving customer's beam for a frequency band, particular subband, code, preamble or other protocol means that has been uniquely assigned to the receiving customer. Once detected, the two parties may initiate full video interactive communication.
FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C show how the internal processing and terminal coding is performed in each of the three possible combinations of sizes of M and N: M=N, FIG. 4A.; M >N, FIG. 4B; and M<N, FIG. 4C. As shown in FIG. 4A, if M=N, then any subband (i,e., any one of the frequency bands comprising the N subbands) in any beam (of N beams) may be linked to any output beam, and thus, enabling a side-by-side N×N-by-N×N switch matrix.
If however, M>N, as shown in FIG. 4B, there are more user M signals per beam, which means there are more subbands M per beam than there are beams, i.e., N beams. In this case the OCCS generates M outputs, as shown. Each output is a combination of three subbands from the three input beams. This, by extension, could be used as a distribution scheme where a smaller number of source channels (say 10,000) could be switched to any of 1 million customers. The case of M>N addresses a major problem in "video dial tone" applications, where the distribution system has a limited ability to distribute entertainment information interactively, yet to multiple destination terminals. On the other hand, additional transmit antennas (i,e., M antennas) are required to support each output.
For those applications where M<N, as shown in FIG. 4C, there are fewer inputs M, subbands per beam, than beams N. Nonetheless the OCCS will generate M outputs, as shown. Each output will have only 3 subbands that are selectable from three of the four input beams. This is akin to a selection process where a small number of outputs are generated from a large potential of inputs.
In a slightly more complex embodiment, a "double hop" capability can be added in which at least one intermediate terminal (i.e., a user terminal is at least capable of transmitting, receiving, and encoding signals that are to be routed through the OCCS) would be used as an intelligent repeater. In reference to FIG. 5, the intermediate terminal would be used when, for example, Terminal A 400 in Sector J (a source terminal) was attempting to establish communications with Terminal B 410, in Sector K (a destination terminal), but the channel 401 within the beam that services Terminal A 400, f_(M) 401 is occupied; thus, blocking communications between Terminal A 400 and Terminal B 410. In normal operations, Terminal A 400 communicates directly with Terminal B 410 by routing signals through the switch system hosted on the elevated platform. In the case of blocking, Terminal A 400 would detect that the channel 401 is occupied, using Terminal A's channel detection circuitry 450 (e.g., using any of many well known energy detection circuits), and would re-code the signal (e.g., change the up-link frequency using a predetermined encoding scheme) so that the re-coded signal would be rerouting through a channel 402 in a sector (e.g., Sector L 420) that was not fully occupied. The re-coded signal would then be routed through a remote intermediate terminal or transceiver (either ground-based or hosted on an elevated platform), Terminal C 430 located in Sector L. Terminal C 430 then detects the signal to be routed and re-codes, for a second time, the signal destined for Terminal B 410 and transmits the signal in the appropriate channel, f_(q) 403, to Terminal B 410, via Sector K 20k. Thus, if the link from the Jth beam to the Kth beam were in use, one could go from the Jth beam to a transceiver in the Lth beam and from the Lth beam to the Kth beam--a "double hop." The intermediate terminal may be a ground-based terminal or a terminal hosted on an elevated platform.
This "double hop" capability permits random switching when any one of the channels within a beam are occupied or blocked. It should be expected that those beams servicing heavily populated urban areas will be the most likely to experience blocking. Conversely, beams servicing remote rural regions will be blocked to a much lesser extent, and therefore, would be good candidates for the intermediate terminals needed to support the system's "double hop," random switching capability. Certain other configurations could be used to support "double hopping." For example, this could be done with dedicated transponders dispersed in many lightly loaded beams or one could design all customer units to accommodate this service when that unit is not in normal use.
FIG. 6 describes a slightly more complex implementation where the switch portion of the OCCS (i,e., elements 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 in FIG. 6) is by-passed by a set of K frequency unique intra-beam signals, while M additional signals, which are resident on each of the N electrical channels 4 are ultimately passed to the optical switch portion of the OCCS. The intra-beam signals are extracted by K frequency selection filters 500 from the N electrical channels 4 and passed directly to the output N electrical channels 14, which are connected to the transmit antenna system 15. This feature permits the system to accommodate a large number of "local calls," without increasing demand on the switch system resources. In other words, this allows for non-switched communications within a beam or sector.
Disposed between the N electrical channels 4 (input) and N electrical channels 14 (output) are frequency selective by-pass circuitry 500. The by-pass circuitry 500 isolates each set of K frequency unique signals from the M additional signals on each of the N electrical channels 4, using conventional bandpass filter technology. All energy on the N electrical channels 4 is ultimately passed to the primary switch processing functions for inter-beam switching. Each of the N optical output channels 12 from the primary processing switch functions are connected to circuitry for converting the N optical output channels 12 into N electrical channels 14 (e.g., a set of diode detectors). The N electrical channels 14 are then combined with the K frequency unique signals output from the by-pass circuitry 500. The N output channels 14, which now contain the K intra-beam signals and the M "switched" inter-beam signals are then passed to transmit antenna system 15 for transmission.
FIGS. 7A and 7B show two ways to create multiple antenna beams from a single antenna, where each beam may be oriented to service a distinct geographic sector. FIG. 7A shows a standard multiple feed curved reflector design, commonly called a "Gregorian" fed multiple beam antenna. In that antenna, a series of actual RF feeds 21 are located at the focal plane of a curved reflector 22 so as to create a series of beams 23 that would cover a large area (e.g., continental U.S.). FIG. 7B shows an RF Lnneburg lens, a technique that utilizes a dielectric sphere 24 that has a variable dielectric constant as a function of radius, so as to focus any parallel rays to a point on the far side of the sphere. If M feeds were located on the appropriate locations 25, M beams 23 covering the desired area would be created.
The above two multiple antenna beam techniques are well known to ordinarily skilled artisans in this technological field, and so need not be detailed any further here.
FIG. 7C describes a third approach to providing multiple antenna beams, each of which services a distinct geographic sector. This third approach is particularly well suited for the second preferred embodiment of the invention, ground-based elevated platforms, such as a communications tower, including towers used for another purpose such as an active TV or radio broadcast tower. A ring of reflective antennas 27, between 3 and 500, preferably 20, are mounted on a tower 26 such as to cover sequential angular sectors 28. Each antenna is directional and has a main beam 29 that is oriented toward a distinct geographic sector. It would be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art that a plurality of more expensive multiple beam antennas may be used in place of any subset of the reflective antennas. The adjacent angular sectors 28 are isolated spatially, but can be further isolated from each other by employing alternate polarization 30 or by using separate and distinct frequency bands 31. Linear (vertical and horizontal), or preferably alternating circular polarization 30 may be used to isolate each beam from its nearest neighbor. For example, using an arbitrary numbering scheme, odd numbered antennas would employ RHC (right hand circular polarization), while even numbered antennas would use LHC (left hand circular polarization). Frequency separation between adjacent sectors may be used in combination with polarization isolation or an independent isolation technique. For instance, it would be preferable that sector 1 receive on band f₁ and transmit on f₂ while sector 2 could receive on band f₂, and transmit on f₁ 31.
An alternative frequency separation approach would be for sector 1 to receive and transmit in band f₁ and the nearest neighbor sectors would receive and transmit in f₂, where f₁ and f₂ are non overlapping. This, of course, is an inefficient use of bandwidth.
A further alterative to promote isolation between beams or sectors would be to assign codes to individual users. Adjacent beam/sector interference will then be suppressed in the receiver detection circuitry, as is the case with various systems using signals with large time-bandwidth products. The likelihood of exhausting the number of available codes is a limitation with this approach.
A further alternative for improving the isolation between sectors is described in reference to FIG. 8. This approach for improving isolation requires the use of multiple elevated platforms and directional customer terminal antennas. Elevated platform 700 transmits and receives within a plurality of sectors/beams, one of which is shown as Sector/Beam #1 715. A second elevated platform 705 transmits and receives within a plurality of sectors/beams covering the same general geographic area as the first elevated platform 700, one of which is shown as Sector/Beam #2 720. Sector/Beam #1 715, and Sector Beam #2 720 may cover the same frequency bands, yet do not interfere. The reason they do not interfere is because a customer terminal (e.g., 710) uses a directional antenna that captures only one of the elevated platforms 700 within its main lobe 725. Sector/Beam #1 715 and Sector/Beam #2 720 will be substantially overlapping provided they are appropriately spaced (e.g., about 4° for geostationary satellites, and about 5 miles for towers). This isolation approach can further be enhanced with the use of frequency separation and/or polarization isolation.
FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 illustrate another embodiment of the invention in which an electrical equivalent to the optically coupled communications switch is utilized. Electrical outputs from the antenna system (e.g., a set of N antennas), correspond to individual outputs from individual antennas, and corresponding beams. Signals contained within each beam are from the M user covered by the beam, each signal distinguished by frequency band f₁ through f_(M). The electrical outputs are appropriately amplified by a low noise amplifier 205 (which is part of the antenna system) and then passed through a bank of M frequency selective (bandpass) filters 210. Other suitable channelizing techniques may be used such as a channelizing receiver. The bank of M frequency selective filters 210 electrically isolate the M signals, based on their frequency content. Each signal is then routed by electrically conductive wires 212 or other means used for transporting electrical communications signals (e.g., optical fibers, optical channels, RF repeaters, etc.) to one of a set of N summation devices 215, which are well known in the art. Each signal is routed according to the wiring matrix shown in FIG. 8, and will be explained by an example below. According to FIG. 8, each summation device 215 contains one frequency, f₁ to f_(M), from each of the antenna's beams; any source terminal in any beam may pass its signal to any out-going beam as long as that user selects the appropriate up-link frequency. Moreover, since the output of each summation device is electrically connected to one of the antenna inputs, via components of the transmit antenna system including a mixing circuit 220 driven by a local oscillator (L.O.) 225 and an amplifier 230, the user may transmit a signal to any other user in any sector by originally selecting the appropriate transmit frequency. As an example, referring to FIG. 8, if a user in the sector covered by antenna 1 wished to communicate with a user located in the sector covered by antenna 3, the user would transmit a signal in frequency band corresponding to f₃,1, as indicated by the circled channel element in FIG. 8.
The "double hop" random switching capability can be added to this embodiment of the invention in the same manner that it was described for addition to the earlier described embodiments of the invention. Once again, the "double hop" capability requires the use of an additional remote terminal that can re-route signals through a different sector.
Similarly, intra-beam signaling may be achieved in the same way that was described for the optical communication switched system. In particular, K frequency selective filters may be added to the filter bank 210 for extracting all intra-beam signals. These "local signals" may then be transmitted directly by the transmit antenna dedicated to service that particular sector.
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, various changes and modifications within the scope and spirit of the invention will be apparent to those of working skill in this technological field. Thus, the invention is to be considered as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A two-way optical communications switch system useful for a single elevated platform, said optical communication switch system capable of switching a large number of wide bandwidth channels, comprising:an elevated platform for hosting said optical communications switch system; a receive antenna system for receiving a first set of N beams, each of said first set of N beams servicing M customers; an electrical-to-optical modulator for forming a first set of N optical channels from respective ones of said N beams; a frequency resolver for spreading each of said first set of N optical channels in one dimension for creating a first set of N×M optical channel elements; a beam splitter image concatenator for duplicating said first set of N×M optical channel elements to create a substantially identical second set of N×M optical channel elements, said first set of N×M optical channel elements adjacent to said second set of N×M optical channel elements to form a dual virtual array having N×2M optical channel elements and M diagonals, each of said M diagonals comprising M optical channel elements; a diagonal optical combiner for combining said M optical channel elements for each of said M diagonals into N optical outputs for forming a second set of N beams; and a transmit antenna system for transmitting said second set of N beams, each servicing M customers simultaneously.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said frequency resolver includes a Bragg Cell.
3. The system of claim 2 further comprising a source terminal and a destination terminal, said source terminal routing signals through said optical communication switch system for establishing communication with said destination terminal, said source terminal and said destination terminal including control electronics to route signals through said optical communication switch system.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the signals are wide bandwidth signals.
5. The system of claim 3 wherein said signals includes a plurality of signals within each subband useful for servicing additional customers.
6. The system of claim 2 wherein said frequency resolver further comprises:a collimating lens disposed between said Bragg Cell and said beam splitter image concatenator, said collimating lens for collimating said N×M optical channel elements.
7. The system of claim 2 wherein said beam splitter image concatenator includes,a beam splitter for splitting each of said first set of N×M optical channel elements to form said second set of N×M optical channel elements, and a regular mirror disposed between said beam splitter and said dual virtual array, said regular mirror for reflecting said second set of N×M optical channel elements to create a first N×M virtual array adjacent to a second N×M virtual array, said first N×M virtual array and said second N×M virtual array comprising said dual virtual array.
8. The system of claim 2 wherein said diagonal optical combiner includes a cylindrical focusing lens disposed between said dual virtual array and said transmit antenna system, said cylindrical focusing lens for combining said M optical channel elements of said M diagonals to form N optical output channels, said diagonal optical combiner further including a multiple beam former for converting said N optical output channels into said second set of N beams.
9. The system of claim 2 wherein said elevated platform is a satellite.
10. The system of claim 2 wherein said elevated platform is a ground-based tower.
11. The system of claim 2 further including a source terminal, a destination terminal, and an intermediate terminal, said source terminal re-coding a signal for routing via said intermediate terminal to said destination terminal in the event a particular channel that is selected in accordance with a predetermined encoding scheme is occupied.
12. The system of claim 11 wherein said source terminal includes detection circuitry for detecting an occupied channel and re-coding said signals with a predetermined code when said occupied channel is detected, and said intermediate terminal including detection means for detecting said predetermined code and re-routing said signals encoded with said predetermined code.
13. The system of claim 11 wherein said intermediate terminal is an elevated platform.
14. The system of claim 1 wherein said wide bandwidth channels are one-way distributed video services selectable by said M customers.
15. The system of claim 1 wherein said receive antenna system and said transmit antenna system include a set of directional antennas, said antennas employing alternating polarization to enhance isolation.
16. The system of claim 1 wherein said N beams are further isolated by employing frequency separation between adjacent of said N beams.
17. The system of claim 1 wherein said beams are further isolated by employing at least a second elevated platform, said elevated platform and said second elevated platform covering over lapping sectors, a source terminal and a destination terminal, the terminals each employing a directional antenna that spatially isolates one of said elevated platform or said second elevated platform.
18. The system of claim 1 further comprising:by-pass circuitry for extracting a set of selected ones of intra-beam signals from said first set of N beams, said intra-beam signals routed directly to said second set of N beams for transmission by said transmit antenna system.
| 12,957 |
https://github.com/Sharayu1071/Daily-Coding-DS-ALGO-Practice/blob/master/Codeforces/C++/1367B_Even_Array.cpp | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | Daily-Coding-DS-ALGO-Practice | Sharayu1071 | C++ | Code | 325 | 658 | /*QUESTION- You are given an array a[0…n−1] of length n which consists of non-negative integers. Note that array indices start from zero.
An array is called good if the parity of each index matches the parity of the element at that index. More formally, an array is good if for all i (0≤i≤n−1) the equality imod2=a[i]mod2 holds, where xmod2 is the remainder of dividing x by 2.
For example, the arrays [0,5,2,1] and [0,17,0,3] are good, and the array [2,4,6,7] is bad, because for i=1, the parities of i and a[i] are different: imod2=1mod2=1, but a[i]mod2=4mod2=0.
In one move, you can take any two elements of the array and swap them (these elements are not necessarily adjacent).
Find the minimum number of moves in which you can make the array a good, or say that this is not possible.
INPUT-
4
4
3 2 7 6
3
3 2 6
1
7
7
4 9 2 1 18 3 0
OUTPUT
2
1
-1
0
*/
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int Testcase;
cin >> Testcase;
for (int i = 0; i < Testcase; i++)
{
int num, even_num = 0, odd_num = 0, count = 0;
cin >> num;
int arr[num];
for (int j = 0; j < num; j++)
{
cin >> arr[j];
if (arr[j] % 2 == 0)
even_num++;
else
odd_num++;
}
if (even_num == odd_num || ((num % 2 != 0) && (even_num == odd_num + 1)))
{
for (int j = 0; j < num; j++)
{
if ((j % 2) != (arr[j] % 2))
{
for (int k = j + 1; k < num; k++)
{
if ((k % 2) != (arr[k] % 2) && (arr[j] % 2) != (arr[k] % 2))
{
int x = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[k];
arr[k] = x;
count++;
break;
}
}
}
}
cout << count << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "-1" << endl;
}
}
}
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MMTUK03:165741019:mpeg21_1 | Dutch-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,864 | De stem | L. J HULST. | Dutch | Spoken | 8,602 | 15,304 | ^,mmer a VRIJDAG, 6 Mei 1864. DE STEM. GETUIGENISSEN UIT DE CHRISTELIJKE AFGES. GEREF. KERK IN NEDERLAND z Jes. 40: Qa Eene stem zegt: roept! God vaart op met gejuich, do Heere met geklank d6r bazuin- Ps. 43: 6- Dit Blad wordt wekelijks, des vrijdags uitgeven. Abonnements- /°2r70gChAbOnhet Z. ^°- nummers I^mT kW"taaI UITGEVER , G. EERELMAN. Stads Kanaal. rrijs aer Advertentien van I—10 retrck r 1 i buiten het zegelregt. Boekhandelaars Advcrfertenti’ën 3/2 maal "T ƒ ° "d^’ Advertentien en bestellingen gelieve men on W«kL„ t, d Uitgever ; Kerk- en SehooLuws, bene”e“ i»P te SStukken TuLTo 171 dC“ onder adres van G. Ecrelman , Boekh. te Stads-Kananl. (RZi„gen) HET TWEEDE DEEL VAN CHRISTUS HOOGrEPRIESTERLIJK AMRT Alzoo Hij altijd leeft, om voor hen te bidden. Ilebr. 7 : 25 A b Hier gceft de hoogverlichte kruisgezant het be- :t wijs, waarom Christus volkomen kan zalig maken r. do?r Hem tot God gaan, als hij zegt: Alzoo Hij altijd leeft om voor hen te bidden. Deze voorbidding van Ilem als Middelaar is liet tweede r’ 1 Lvau Z,jn werk> «Is de eenige Hoogepriester, dat Hij uitvoert in den hemel en het kan mede aangemerkt worden als het einde en de vrucht van Zijne doorluchtige hemelvaart: want daartoe is Hij ten hemel gevaren, om gezeten aan de regterhand Gods, altijd te leven ten einde te bidden voor | hen, die Hij door Zijn bloed gekocht beeft. Groot it ls de 'rucht en de troost, die verkregen en ge- k- noten wordt door diegene, welke door Christus tot God gaan, geloovig bepaald worden en regt levendig !e werkzaam zijn, bij Christus’ voorbidding voor hen n m den hemel, zoo dat zij zich aan Zijne voorspraak overgeven met een vertrouwend berusten, dat Hij het in en tot alles voor hen voleinden zal. 11 De Apostel zegt: Hij leeft altijd. En dat is de spnng-bron van eeuwige vertroosting voor Zijn ellend'g en arm volk, want ofschoon Hij een God-1 n delijk leven leeft voor zich zelven in Zijn Godde lijke natuur en een heerlijk leven leeft voor zich zelven in Zijne beide naturen als Godmensch, nog- 5 thans leeft Hij een middelaars leven voor de Zijnen,. dat hier bedoeld wordt, waardoor Hij arme zonda- I ren zijne verworvene geregtigheid toepast, waarom < ■ Z’J geregtvaardigd worden; en die aangebragte i • weldaden deelachtig maakt, die zij tot het leven t en godzaligheid noodig hebben. Dit verheerlijkte l Middelaars leven is de oorzaak en het zekere be wijs en onderpand van het eeuwig zalig leven der geloovigen, hierdoor kan en mag een "kind Gods de zalige heerlijkheid met blijdschap en eer.e goede hoop in genade tegemoet zien en reeds in hope zalig zijn. Ja Hij leeft inzonderheid dat verheer lijkte Middelaars leven om het ambt, waartoe Hij gesteld is uit te voeren, door zich in staat pn ge trouw te betoonen om Zijn verworven en beloofden Geest uit te storten in de harten der Zijnen ter verlichting, levendigmaking, leering, leiding en vertroosting en hen als Koning te beschermen, te bewaren en te regeren. Eindelijk leeft Hij altijd om voor hen te bidden, welke voorbede van Christus niet bestaat in een ootmoedig smeeken, noch in eene nieuwe daad van Zijn wil om iets te begeeren, dat Hij te vo ren niet begeerd had, maar die bestaat: In het versclioonen van Hem voor het aangezichte Gods, < om als het hoofd der uitverkorenen, hun tot advo- : kaat of zaakbezorger te zijn bij het hof des hemels i ten einde hunne belangen aldaar te behartigen. < In het vertoonen van Zijne bloedige kruisver- t diensten aan den Vader, als de tegèhbeeldige IIoo ; jepriester, die ingegaan is in den hemel op den ? jrooten verzoendag, met dat bloed, dat betere l lingen spreekt als dat van Abel, daar het roept 1 )m vergeving en genade. c In het doen hooren van Zijn wil en begeerte, k vaarmede Hij van den Vader eischt voor de Zij- ( ïen, dat Zij zijn mogen daar Hij is en daartoe ip Zijne voorbidding ontvangen, wat zij daartoe r lehoeven en noodig zijn. In het voorstellen van t ‘e personen der uitverkorenen aan den Vader om ii n Hem aangezien, geschat en gerekend te worden £ n den gunst Gods te ondervinden en Gode wel- u ehagelijk te zijn. t| In het brengen van alle hunne pligten en gods dienst-verrigtingen voor den troon, om aangenomen te worden op Zijne verdiensten en voorbidding door ze hoe zondig en onvolmaakt te heiligen en’ Zijnen Vader op te offeren. Ten laakten, in het openen van alle aanklagten en beschuldigingen die tegen de Zijnen worden iugebragt; opdat die’niet worden aangenomen, maar door Hem afgewezen daar Zijn bloed, als het bloed des Zoons Gods’ reinigt van alle zonden. Deze voorbidding, die alleen geschiedt voor de gegevenen des Vaders en plaats heeft naar Zijne beide naturen als Godmensch, is eene allerheer lijkste voorbidding, overeenkomstig met dat einde loos heerlijk leven van Christus in den hemel, en Zijne Middelaars verhooging aan des Vaders reg- erha"<J; Het is eene krachtdadige voorbidding, die altijd verhoord wordt, omdat ze gegrond is op des Vaders toezegging: Eisch van mij en ik zal de Heidenen geven tot Uw erfdeel en de einden der aarde tot Uwe bezitting. Eene barmhartige en genadige voorbidding, die daar geschiedt van een Middelaar, welke medelijden oefent met de zwakheden Zijns volks, daar Hij in alles is ver zocht geweest uitgenomen de zonde. Eene voor bidding is het die volmaakt is, zonder welke al het ander werk des Middelaars vruchteloos zoude geweest zijn zoo dat Hij hierdoor volkomenlijk kan en zal zalig maken allen, die door Hem tot Croci gaan. Lezers! is Christus Uw Voorbidder aan de regterhand des Vaders? Als gij deze vraag beves tigend kunt beantwoorden, zal de Heilige Geest n u en Christus buiten u voor u bidden. De 1 GeCSt’ als gij niet weet wat te bidden, in i bidden met onuitsprekelijke zuchtingen en Chris- ns als advokaat en voorspraak voor u pleiten in OBADJA. DE SCHEPPING. 7 Gen. 1 schnnen \bbcn, kinderen! was hemel en aarde ge- voor« k" ha< d® IIeere na den eersten nacht het lichtste en dat Jnwr°ePCh’ het Werk ™ den eersten dag was L7 t °,n?CL‘ anders? “ «-"dat het Gods werk P t'jd, dat het licht geschenen had werd door die Hü™LX^ngen°rd’Win ^"“’erstelliog van de duisternis. ten tweede» male h t r .V™ ^eede" ,lacht • verscheen ook en tweeden male het lmlit, en God zette zijn scheppingswerk Bedenkt dTt de" °P dic" tweede" dag, Gen.^ nedenkt dat de gansche aarde eerst met water bedekt was en ook was het onmogelijk, dat er eenig schepsel kon leven Ons m V00r mc",sch en dier en plant meer noodig dan ’licM ? v1 k, cenc W1jsheid Gods wederom, om dat noodi^ste het eerst dk gij alsTcdken d°°rdi'n God sommige wateren ophief, r J , ■ k • Ure bovei1 u ziet drijven , ontstond dat lucht ruim , waarin wij ademen, en de vogelen vliegen. En nu leest rJndme/Ta ? VSn ,de V°Selen des hemcls> Matth. 6 : 26 • omdat od dat uitspansel hemel noemde. Met dit werk verliep de tweede dag en het licht, dat God op den eersten dag geschapen dat begrijpt gij nog ongeschikt, dat er iets kon leven. Maw wcL ? reektT het licht weêr do‘r> God laat Zijn d rdc «oord hooren. Leest het na in vers 9. Terstond be"int het te Zcen'ïgenerSenldn<’e b”*1. ‘°‘ gr°°te waterP>"Sn zth op Nu hebt d"aarde.recJ8> als hot ware, uit die wateren p Nu hebt gij lieve vriendjes! wel eens zulk eene verzame- SlXnXV grn?nJa vóór onze wonLg stroomt of * 1 -ater‘ ° Ja’ maar dat zal hoogstens eene rivier ^hoe"wenanaDieZy,,;tma1ar gij “nS dc zea kunnen bc «Houwen. Die waterplas is onoverzienbaar; er zijn zelfs zeeën, wn Z1J ’ die er °P varen» soras weken lang cn d.'iU- d e Z-’en i En a’ is llier de zee wat uitgebreid , lin^X ?at,'ngckor > tocb kunnen wij wei zeggen, die verdee- ‘ n "_a, ’S,d00r God °P dei> dorden Scheppings dag alzoo geregeld. Nu wil ik nu nog wel zeggen, dat er veel weer 7ooPer“ Van,Water> dan van land is; en dat is ook «eer zoo wijs door God verdeeld! Waarom dat zoo wijs is, kan ttjaiA nUTr16 ze^en ’ vraagt het op school maar eens aan uw meester. Die zee is er dus ook reeds bijna 6000 jaren geweest, en in J'Jn 6r -reeds Vele mensohen in omgekomen , maar eenmaal zal die zee met meer zijn (Openb. 21 : 1) , als zij eerst al d.e dooden zal teruggegeven hebben (Openb. 20: 13), opdat vtSn 8 6 mm SCJhen T?°r den re?terstoel van Christus zouden verschijnen. Bidt den Heer, lieve kinderen! dat gij alsdan be reid moogt Zijn. Zingt nu nog Ps. 95 ■. 3. ' KOMST DER ROMEINEN 50 JAREN VOOR CHR. vr/?,170 voorouders leefden stil en vreedzaam voort, toen een kwam '7rovera“.hunne grenzen naderde, en hen in hunne rust ”lan,'vas Juli“ Gesar, veldheer der Romei nen , een volk dat de toen bekende wereld bijna geheel overheerschte. het on taVleren,,waren voor geen klein geruchtje vervaald, als betXn V®cl‘ten aan ]kwaln> "-aren ze altijd klaar, maar ze begrepen nu toch wel, dat het een nutteloos bloedvergieten zou J , om een slag te wagen met een leger zooals Julius Ccsar n1amC1'1 da“. °°k maar den voorslag van dezen veldheer BaMvi» bondSenoote» van de Romeinen te worden, waarbij de ^dattn .Z‘Ch/‘0DeSten verbinden, om jaarlijks een zeker getal belastimr ot" t " 1Konlelnei1 te ^veren en tevens een soort van nnnt l k l brengen. Deze belasting bestond in een groot dan^ l°wenh4d4ni"i LacW g’J m‘sschien om zulk eene belasting? behJ k"“ dadelljk ult den droom helpen. Ieder soldaat had, breedïe J1-1"" WaPenea ook n08 een groot schild , dat de len of\L 1SChaam had- Dit sehild dhmde. om er de pij- Ie niil n7\arr Seu Lden vij“d “ede °P te vangen. Opdat denP»n 1 Ket ïwaard echter niet op zulk een schild zou uitglij- die « 1.-m“ °P Tl Ündere 'vijze nOg kwaad ko“ d°en , had men stek,met.'eder bedekt, zoodat elk wapen er in bleef steken. Nu begrijpt gij, dat de Romeinen ossenhuiden of koe- "h^nTZ^Tnoodig hadden, al was ’t ook m^Td^T seerden Juli^Ces r "Tl krijgeD> De E'riezea trot" k • l A 8 Vr,je Fr'ezen dulden zij geen vreemde “kost omVt"volk" thet?efl den Romeiutn “** -le modle den D« Rnm ’ k 6 onder7erpen en in onderwerping te hou den. De Romemen waren wel in hun schik met hunne nieuwe dendSd?e0°TeT’ "r-nt <le Batav‘eren waren uitmuntende krijgslie- Sterk en gehard n"8"!,0? r’ veroveringstogten vergezelden, lei onX.l hCt llgcbaam waren ziJ hesta”d tegen aller- medeb enu ^"n "" Te™0,eije,!isse“ > dia «*" oorlog °met zich Se n e 1 Ce" VC d8las bezetteden zij meestnds de gevaar- meu erP veT ’w”""81 °e"e ri™r’ de ^‘aviereTzX dan in drai’n nTt kTT™ ee"en brUg ^braikt“. ™ of ze niet om Ze kl=ederen moesten vechten, daar gaven ze dat sï k dl T T 200 8poedl« niet verkouden als wij. Met van hun verkeeremetatlV1Ten °°k "°Ver8chilleude voordeeleu ders in vela r met de .Romeinen. Deze waren onze voorou ders m vele dingen vooruit. De Romeinen leerden hun hoe ze té houd“OeSde"Raa"■e8geT .>°m dC riviere" binnen bare °*ver« t _■ 6 Romelnen legden markplaatsen aan , waar de Ba- Va de"n a^e kumC” ’ °m zamaa ‘e handekn. nen De pA T" Iee,rden ,2e ook veel kwaads van de Romei- de"oozeDRomT d‘ëie Zede" gé“gen d°°r hot verkeer met de ze- delooze Romeinen langzamerhand verloren, de atgoderii werd erger , zoodat de Batavieren ook vele der afgodsbeelden van de de"i„rd“e" 1T’ .zooveel 'eelyks leerden ze"vau Komemen, dat ik u alles niet zeggen kan. Naarmate de ondeugden deï u" "’T d“ dc Bata'ifra. "“en deze hunne ondeugden des te gereeder over, immers , zoo gaat het gewoonliik als jongens of meisjes verkeeren met anderen, die oudfr zün Un geJliik 3 geétén e" Z6d6r al heel llgt Sro°tsch op dat ze met dezulke gelyk gesteld worden, maar o 1 als zulke oudere kinderen de jongere k^Jen"^33" .«TT'0026 di”gen ’ dan va" het zulke £JXXXh7 m°eye,'jk’ °m Stand'’astig ‘a ^ven op den Hef/veef’j dftlnZ81f niet vaak eens ondervonden ? Bidt den voor u tóddem J " Vr0"e Dit 2ai ook * stceds Uw heilw, vriend, H. VOS. den hemel, en dan zal de Heilige Geest u bekwaam maken tot het opzenden vau uwe gebeden en Chris tus dezelve brengen tot den Vader en u .de ver- hooring en beantwoording moeten bezorgen uit genade. Bdrum. B. J. van der WERP. v. d. m- Eene beklagelijke onverschilligheid. Lezers 1 wij ontmoeten u thans, om met u na te denken over de grondslagen van eenen vroeger bespro ken raad, door zeker iemand aan een jeugdig echt paar gegeven, nopens de vraag, „waar men zijn kind moet laten doopen.” Bij nadenken herinnerden wij ons echter dat deze raadgeving niet eens meer nieuw is, maar voor reeds lang van een geacht predikant aan zijne goede vrienden gegeven werd. Hierom kunnen wij, ons te minder over het besproken verschijnsel verwon deren, maar krijgt de zaak evenwel een zooveel te grooter gewigt; en ofschoon wij met eene aanroering daarvan, voor velen niet streelend zullen kunnen zijn, wij durfden ons daardoor toch niet laten afschrikken. Maar welke zijn de gronden van bedoelden raad? Reeds hebben wij ze vroeger medegedeeld, maar zullen ze u op nieuw herinneren, men zegt: a. dat het onverschillig is uit welke hand men het sacrement ontvangt; b. dat men het kind op het formulier kan laten doopen. Bij de éérste stelling schijnt men hiervan een misbruik te maken, dat de vroegere en latere gerefor meerden den doop van andere gezindten als geldig er kend hebben. Het is ons ten minsten onmogelijk te begrijpen hoe men anders tot zulk eenen inval kan ge raken. En dat misbruik schijnt daaruit voort te vloeijen dat men geen onderscheid maakt tusschen de wettigheid en geldigheid des doops. Wij zouden niet gaarne willen betoogen, dat de doop van alle gezindten wet tig , d. i. in alles naar den eisch van God geschied was, en hebben tot hiertoe ook niet opgemerkt, zulks de meening der ouden te zijn geweest. Als wij het wel hebben, dan is er een groot verschil tusschen de geldigheid en wettigheid van den doop. De geldigheid van den doop der andere gezindten kan ons blijken, wanneer wij de doop zijne eigenaardige plaats in het christendom laten innemen. Het is bekend, dat hij in plaats van de aloude besnijdenis strekt tot bevestiging van het verbond der genade. Hij, die den doop begeert wordt daarbij verondersteld, de verbonds voorstelling, van God door het Evangelie gedaan, als willende zijn God in Christus zijn, — te hebben ver staan , goed te keuren en aan te nemen, terwijl hij zich mitsdien verbindt, om, naar den eisch des verbonds, in God zijn hoogste goed te zoeken, en zich aan Hem als zijnen Heer te onderwerpen. God daarentegen ver klaart zijner zijds daardoor, dat de doopeling staat kan maken op de afwassching der zonde en alle andere ze geningen , w'elke er in Christus zijn, mits dat de doo peling opregt is gelijk als God getrouw is. Maar in dien door den doop zulk eene wederzijdsche verklaring wordt afgelegd; hoe zou dan de ongelooviglieid van eene abnormale gezindte, de verbintenis kunnen verhinderen, welke door den doop met God verkregen, bevestigd en in de. kinderen voortgezet wordt? Wordt de doop bij alle gezindten, hoe verbastert ook, niet als eene soort van inwijding in het Godsrijk opge vat? Hij, die zich nu bij eenige gezindte aanmeldt, om den doop te ontvangen — dien God zoo duidelijk als een zegel zijns verbonds heeft aangekondigd, en die in dat genootschap, hoe verdonkert ook, nog als zoodanig beschouwd wordt —■ zou zoo iemaud zich ooit van zijne verbintenis aan God kunnen ontslaan, omdat zijne doop niet in alles wettig is geschied? Of zou men reden hebben, om zoo iemand, wanneer hij zich later bij de ware kerk vervoegen wilde, dan hem van de hand te wijzen, met de opmerking, dat men zijnen doop voor ongeldig hield, omdat hij niet in alles naar de wet was gediend? Met de geldigheid is evenwel de wettigheid van eenen doop nog niet bewezen. Zou het voor eenige gezindte wel geoorloofd zijn, om af te wijken van de zuiverheid, die in Christus is ? Mag zij zich zelve wel terugvoeren tot de abnormale gedeelten van het algemeene chris tendom? Mag zij op zulk een abnormaal standpunt zich de goederen der ware kerk toeëigenen? Mag zij daarheen de bondgenooten aftrekken, die der kerk toe- behooren? Mag zij, onder het vaandel van Christus, door eene valsche leer die arme menschen daar voor de eeuwigheid verderven? Ingevolge van dit een en andere dunkt ons, het ver van onverschillig te zijn, of iemand door eene hand uit de ware, dan uit de valsche kerk gedoopt wordt: of men moest willen zeg gen, dat gezegde onwettigheden niet den doopeling, maar alleen de gezindte en den dooper betroffen, welke denzelven toediende. Maar krijgt men niet eene bijzon dere betrekking op het genootschap, waarin men den doop ontvangt? Geeft men niet zijne overeenstemming tc kennen met het genootschap, waarbij men den doop vraagt? Is dat tot eer vau God, een juk aan te trek ken met de ongeloovigen, en eene valsche belijdenis door daden goed te keuren? Loopt men zelve niet gevaar, om daardoor schade aan zijne zaligheid te lijden ? Of mag men zich in verzoeking begeven? Mag men den Heere tergen, als of men sterker was dan Hij ? I Doch men zal ons welligt toevoegen, dat men alleen den doop en niet de goedkeuring van en verbintenis met zulk een onkerkelijk ligchaam en met die valsche herders verkiest. Alaar wij merken op onze beurt aan, dat het hier de vraag niet geldt wat wij verkiezen, maar wat er door dien doop geschiedt; dat men Gal. 5: 3. slechts behoeft te verstaan , om van zijne mitsdien ver- kregene verbintenis overtuigd te worden; en dat zulk eene Jezuïtische zins-behouding den christen zich on waardig moet achten. Lezer 1 het resultaat onzer beschouwing is derhalve, dat, als de menschen nog eenmaal eens zóó wijs wor den, als nu velen dwaas zijn, wij dan niet meer lioo- ren zullen: „dat het onverschillig is, door welke hand ons de doop wordt toegediend.” U groetende nemen wij voor ditmaal afscheid van u, in de hoop van u later weer aan te treffen over de vraag: „of men zijne kinderen op het formulier kan laten doopen ?” L. J HULST. Fekwerd. Eerwaarde Redacteur Als tot vervelens toe wordt ons onophoudelijk eene waarheid opgedreund, dat de wereld liberaal is gewor den , en voor zoo ver zij het nog niet is, dat hare ont wikkeling en vooruitgang met reuzen schreden wordt bevorderd. De bekrompenheid en kortzichtigheid der middeleeuwen is als een walglijk vocht weggeworpen, het is al beschaving, veredeling, een doordringen van den christelijken geest daar men van hoort, liefde, vrede en eendragt, alles voor elkanderen. Wan neer ik echter deze klanken verneem, zoo zit ik er maar hoofdschuddend bij neder, wil noch kan het maar volstrekt niet gelooven, ja, ben van het tegendeel volkomen overtuigd. Is mij dat kwalijk te nemen? Ik zeg neen, die liberale geest is geen christelijke geest, maar een leugengeest van den valschen profeet. Die geest is geen liefelijke zuide wind, aangeblazen door God den Heiligen Geest, welke verlicht, vernedert, met God verzoent en vereenigt, door en voor God leeft en werkt, neen, maar een verspestenden damp gelijk, welke uit en over oostersche moerassen der woes tijnen wordt voortgestuwd, welke alles in zijnen vernie lende vaart aantast, doet verkwijnen en uitteeren, ja een jammerlijken dood veroorzaakt. En zoo sterk is onze damkring daarmede bevangen dat zij nog een grooten invloed uitoefent op de door den II. Geest sterk gemaakte gestellen en hunne gedaante jammerlijk misvormt. Alaakt zij nu zulke diepe sporen in het groene hout wat moet aan het dorre geschieden? Wel is waar, de mond uit liefde, maar waar wordt zij over het algemeen genomen beoefend; het is vrede, eendracht, doch verraden niet reeds meestal de geba ren, waaronder het wordt uitgesproken, het tegen over gestelde? Mijnheer! deze zaken rusten op geen onbewe- zene grondslagen, neen, het bewijs ligt voor de hand. Van waar komen anders die oorlogen, welke weer sedert jaren achtereen Europa teisteren ? Wat beteekend dat bouwen van zoo vele sterke vestingen, van oorlogschepen I enz., en dat op een geduchte en schrikverwekkende wijze? Wat anders het aanschaffen van eene groote menigte van de vervaarlijkste vernielingswerktuigen, waartegen niets bestand schijnt. Waarom zijn er zoo vele duizenden in korte jaren gevallen, om ’slleeren Geest een doortogt te banen? Neen, neen! zoo iets vloeit nimmer voort uit ware liefde en eendragt, uit broederzin en min. Alaar waar zoude ik eindigen wilde ik alles ophalen? Alleen dit nog. Het is geen nieuws als ik U.Ew. verhaal van den oorlog. Duitsch- land, Oostenrijk en Pruisen, groote mogendheden, heb ben het tegen het kleine Denemarken. De overmagt wint, noodwendig moet zij winnen. Maar hoe handelen zij; handelen zij der krijgskunst en als een Christenvolk waardig? Laat ons zien. Wij hebben voor ons de stad Fredericia, de verbondene mogenheden hebben zich voor haar gelegerd. In plaats om de vestingswerken te heroveren, zoo doen zij daarop geen enkel schot, maar werpen 1500 bommen in de ellendige stad zelve, welke allerwege de jammerlijkste verwoesting aanrigten. Daar, de arme Jutlanders, hoe zijn ze niet de voorwerpen van overheersching, willekeur en knevelarij. Zij moeten maar geven wat gevraagd wordt, of zij het hebben of niet, daar over is geene aanmerking. Dat niet alleen, maar iedereen moet maar mede om te arbeiden, daar waar zij het van nooden hebben, zonder onderscheid van per soon , rang of stand, eerbied voor eerwaardigheid en grijsheid is aan de zijde gezet. Dit is slcohts een enkel staaltje. Maar wij behoeven niet op het oorlogsveld rond te dooien oin de bewijzen te leveren. In ons Nederland is het genoeg kenbaar welk een geest het is, welke thans vele harten en verstanden beheerscht. Uit wendig mag er rust en vrede heerschen, voor oproer, het omver rukken der palen van orde en billijkheid heeft de Heere nog genadig behoed, maar wie weet wat er zonder deze behoeding van ons land al zou zijn gewor den? Immers, hoogmoed, eigen zin en wil, nijd en afgunst tegenover elkander heeft al een voorname plaats in veler harten ingenomen, getuigt genoeg de dagelijksche ondervinding. Is dit zoo in het maatschap- pelijke, in veel grooter mate treft men dit op het Godsdienstig gebied aan. Men kan het wel zoo wat voor en met elkander stellen, als men in ongeloovige ge dachten en handelwijzen overeenstemt, als men in de ge lederen staat om eene revolutie tegen den Heere en zijne geopenbaarde waarheid aan te binden, maar hoe ge draagt men zich tegen degenen, die zich voor den Heere en zijne geopenbaarde waarheid verklaren? Ik heb het reeds gezegd, en daadzaken bevestigen zulks. Onge loof en bijgeloof ontvangen bezoldiging, maar alleen die God overeenkomstig zijn Woord wenschen te dienen en hunne kinderen in ’s Heeren vrees te onderwijzen, moeten alles uit eigen zak bekostigen, zonder van de toebrenging van het eerste ontslagen te zijn. Ja hoe heeft men de vrije uitoefening hiervan zelfs nog maar kort geleden verkregen. En waren de zoogenaamde verlichte mannen onzer dagen het onderling met elkander eens, maar zij zijn het op verre na niet, en het kan ook niet, plaatsen God aan de zijde en jagen naar de vervulling hunner booze en verdorvene natuur, hoe kan die natuur vervulling erlangen, dan ten koste van anderen ? Het eigen ik van den natuurlijken mensch duldt geen mede dingen, dan zoo ver slechts als men die daartoe van nooden heeft. Hoe meer nu die geest veld wint, hoe liagchelijker onze toestand wordt, en van daar gaan wij donkere dagen te gemoet. Welk een toekomst verbeidde, Achab toen de Heere een leugengeest in de profeten had uitgezonden en Achab die geloofde en opvolgde ? De toekomst wordt donker en donkerder, van alle zijden pakken onweerswolken zich zamen, het geloei van den storm, het ratelen van den donder wordt reeds gehoord, en de bliksemschichten gezien. Dit zal voortgaan, nood wendig moet het voortgaan, de dampen van dien geest moeten zich daarin oplossen. Het kan nog wel echter wat duren eer het zoo ver komt, maar des te feller en krachtiger zal het woeden. Het vuur kan lang smeulen als er geen opening voor de vlam is, maar komt die, des te gevaarlijker is de brand en moeijelijker te blus- schen. Gelukkig dat er een toevlugt en verberging is; die in de schuilplaats des Allerhoogsten is gezeten, die zal vernachten in de schaduw des Almagtigen. Heerlijke Waarheid, troostvolle en bemoedigende belofte? De Heere is ten allen tijde bevonden een hulpe ter tijde der benaauwheid. Een akelige en bange nacht, vol jammer en ellende, moge de toekomst verbeiden, de Heere zal zijn volk een schaduw en verberging wezen. Hoe noodig derhalven voor den begenadigden zich digt en vast aan den Heere te houden, opdat de geest dezer eeuw’ geen vat op hen krijge en zij deeleu moeten in deszelfs vruchtgevolgen. Ziet daar Mijnheer eene kleine opmerking. Na heilbede verblijf ik uw toegenegene A. M DRONKERS. Baarland , 20 April 1864. Eene levende herinnering aan de vroe gere vervolgingen der Afgescheidenen. No. 11 der Bazuin 1. 1. deelt ons onder het motto Ana chronisme een missive van den ontvanger van Registratie en Domeinen te Dordrecht mede, die ons de vroegere vervolgingen der Afgescheidenen weer in het geheugen terugroept. De missive luidt als volgt: Dordrecht, 3 Maart 1864. Wel 'Eerwaarde Zeer Geleerde Heer! Ten mijnen kantore staat nog steeds ten uwen laste open een bedrag van ƒ 7.981/» wegens geregtskosten, verschuldigd krachtens vonnis van de Arrondissements- Regtbank te Dordrecht d.d. 26 Mei 1841, waarbij U veroordeeld is wegens het houden vau verbodene gods dienstige bijeenkomsten. Ik verzoek U ter voorkoming van voor U en mij onaangename vervolgingen bovenge meld bedrag binnen tien dagen ten mijnen kantore te willen betalen of doen betalen. De ontvanger der Registratie en Domeinen: (De handteekening kon niet gelezen worden door de red.) Aan den Heer A. Brummelkamp , Hoogleer aar aan dc Theologische school tc Kampen. Het antwoord, dat hierop gegeven is luidt als volgt; Den WelEd. lieer l )ntfanger van de Registratie en domeinen te Dordrecht. Wel Edele Heer / In antwoord op Uwe missive van 8 dezer, waarin lij mij uitnoodigt ƒ 7.98* te voldoen, die ik ver- chuldigd zou zijn aan gerechtskosten krachtens vonnis Ier Arr.-Regtb. te Dordrecht dd. 26 Mei. 1841, waar- lij ik „veroordeeld ben wegens het houden van ver boden godsdienstige bijeeenkomsten,” diene het vol gende : Toen onze beminde Vorst Willem II de teugels er regering in handen genomen had, was een der eerste aden zijner regering de vervolging om de godsdienst e stuiten; de jammerlijke gevolgen, die er uit voort- ekoinen waren, als: regtszaken en militaire inlegerin gen te vernietigen; en al Neerlands inwoners hunne ude en recht nationale vrijheid, de vrijheid van gods- lienst te hergeven. Ten jare 1842 vestigde ik mij met terwoon te Arnhem, 'oen ik eene wijle tijds, ik weet niet recht hoelang, nij daar bevond, kreeg ik van het Registratie Kantoor ildaar eene soortgelijke aanmaning als die mij thans van I gewerd. Ik begaf mij er heen en beriep mij op de oen nog versche beschikkingen van den Koning. Mij rcrd ten antwoord gegeven, dat die zagen op de boeten, laar dat daaronder niet begrepen kon zijn vrijstelling van le gerechtskosten. Ik beweerde, dat ik mij onmogelijk oorstellen kon, hoe het zich rijmen liet casu quo wel le boete, maar niet ook de kosten kwijt te schelden f te vernietigen. Daar echter de ontfanger meende liet te kunnen afstaan van de vordering en ik hem erklaarde niet te kunnen betalen, zoo lang het mij liet duidelijk gemaakt werd, dat ik er toe verplicht :on zijn, schreef ik de zaak aan Z. Majesteit. Ik kreeg aarop een antwoord, waarbij ik volkomen vrijgelaten f vrijgesteld werd. Ik vervoegde mij er mede op het antoor, sprak met den ontfanger en — daarna heb £ van deze zaak nimmer weer gehoord. Ik herinner mij niet van het kantoor te Dordrecht nmer eene sommatie tot betaling te hebben ontfangen Het antwoord, dat ik op Uwe tegenwoordige aan maning geven moet, is echter het zelfde, dat ik te unhem gaf: Zoo ’tmij duidelijk werd, dat er gronden estonden om in die zaak te betalen, ik zou het gaarne oen. Zoo als de zaken thans staan kan ik, durf ik et echter niet. Door het te doen zou ik mij, mijus edunkens, aan een schromelijk Anachronisme schuldig laken en de toenmalige vervolgingen om de godsdienst angericht, thans zeker door niemand meer verdedigd, e kroon op zetten. Met verschuldigde achting heb ik de eer mij te lemen, WelEdele Heer, Uw dienstwilligen, 5 A’ Bbümmelkamp, Het zal bij deze gelegenheid zeker niet kwaad zijn ; herinneren, dat de Afgescheidenen in het begin veel ;bben moeten lijden. (Helaas, werd hun thans in slerlei omstandigheden nog maar geen onregt aan- jdaan!) „Menigeen werd beboet, — men zegt dat door de fgescheidenen ƒ 100,000 (zegge honderd duizend gul- en) in ’s lands schatkist is gestort, terwijl zij, die de ildboeten niet konden betalen, in de gevangenis wer en geworpen, waarin een hunner gestorven is. In die igen zag het er benaauwd uit van wege de verdruk- ing en vervolging, waarvan toen in het tijdschrift de '«formatie melding is gemaakt 1). Niet slechts moet ize natie in ’t gemeen met weemoed denken aan die ügen van benaauwdheid, verdrukking en vervolging, aar inzonderheid de hervormde kerk. Deze toch heeft ertoe het eerste sein gegeven. De synodale commissie er hervormde kerk heeft, eer de vervolging plaats greep, m dringend verzoek gerigt aan den Minister, belast met : generale directie voor de zaken der hervormde kerk, ït „ter aanwending van zijne tussckenkomst en veelver- ogettde pogingen bij zijne Excellentie den Minister van stitie, van wege laatstgemelden eene krachtige aanschrij- ng mogt worden uitgevaardigd aan de Officieren en mbtenaren onder deszelfs Ministrieel Departement, met ime in de provincie Groningen en Drenthe behoorende, n einde, ook zonder afwachting van aangifte van nige contraventie tegen de bestaande wetten, met alle •ter werkzaam te zijn ter handhaving der Artikelen 91 tot 294 van het strafwetboek voor dit Koningrijk Ij Op dit dringend verzoek van de synodale comm. ir herv. kerk, 2) zijn de vervolgingen begonnen. Intusschen zou de Stem gaarne van hare zuster de azuin willen vernemen , hoe het met bovengenoemde nachronisme is afgeloopen. Immers de toegestane tien ïgen zijn reeds lang verstreken 1) Het vijfentwintigjarig bestaan des Afgsch. herdacht door. G. de Moen. 2) Aangaande de valsche kerk zij vervolgt diegene ï heiliglijk leven naar het Woord Gods en die haar betraffen n hare gebreken , gierigheid en afgoderijen. Art. 29 der ge- ofs. bel. Gelooft Ds. H. J. BUDDING niet meer in den Drieëenigen God? Helaas 1 het ontkennend antwoord op bovenstaande vraag deden ons meê eeuige ons toegezondene voorname trekken uit eene leerrede van Ds. Budding over Zond. 8 van den Heidelb. Catechismus. Deze trekken zijn onder het prediken gehoord en opgeschreven, en gedrukt bij S. J. de Jonge te Gocs. Omdat Ds B. zomers veelal in ons vaderland rdsjes doet en daardoor ook in aanraking komt met velen onzer gemeenteleden en kerkbesturen deelen wij ter j waarschuwing het een en ander uit de ons toegezondene bladen meê: Eerstelijk nam hij tot grondslag der Catechismus- leer, (zondag 8) Coll. II: 2b, waaruit hij staafde dat er verborgenheid in Christus is, onbegrijpelijk voor den mensch. Verder zeide hij, dat leerstuk (der Drieëenheid) heb ik al 25 jaar geleerd en gepredikt, maar ik heb sedert eeuigen tijd geleerd dat het onbijbels is. Ja, Z.Ew. trok het in twijfel of men met dat leerstuk wel zalig kan worden, daar men dan geene ware kennis van God heeft — en Jezus toch uitdrukkelijk zegt: „dit is het eeuwige leven dat zij U kennen.” Nu las Z.Ew. voor: art. 7 der Ned. Geloofs-belijde- nis , die niets erkent, zelfs al ware het een engel uit den hemel, als echt, dan alleen Gods Woord, — geen privelegiën of conciliën, geen menschelijk schrift gelij kende bij den woorde Gods, •—• geene besluiten, (b. v. van Dordt óf Nicea óf van den bisschop van Alexan- driën), en „ziet nu” zegt Z.Ew. in art. 8 dier belijde nis , — begaan onze vaderen zelfs dat ongeoorlootde, en ze erkennen iets buiten den Bijbel, en noemen: Vader, Zoon en H. Geest: één God in drie personen, dus nu maken zij zich zelven ketters! Gij hebt wel eens gelezen en gehoord van Arianen en Socinianen ? en ook die laat ik nu regt wedervaren — en wilt gij mij ook zoo noemen? — ook goed. Ik wil opregt zijn, dat, toen ik vroeger over dat leerstuk prediken moest, ik eerst ging zien wat de va deren Brakel en Smvtegelt en andere vrome mannen er van zeiden, want die ouden wisten het immers veel beter? en hunne schriften zijn beter uitgelegd en dui delijker voorgesteld ! dit dacht ik, met al de regtziunigen gelijk! en zoo ziet men immers menschen-werk en gezag meestal vóór gaan. En al de bewijzen die de Catechismus opgeeft voor dat leerstuk, bewijzen het niet.' Leest maar eens goed met mij na: „Hoor Israël! de Ileere uw God is een eenig Heere!” — Er is één God, één Middelaar enz. Eén Heere, één geloof, één doop enz. — De Geest des Heeren HEEREN is op Mij — wilt gij het nu daardoor bewijzen, dan zoude beide HEERE met hóófd letters moeten zijn, maar dat is zóó niet, en dan is het nog geen Drieëenheid, dan moet er driemaal HEERE staan in groote letters, — ik zie het ten minste hier niet in. Deze drie zijn één. dat bewijst niet dat er drie personen in één Wezen zijn, stond er nu één God — doch er staat — deze drie zijn een — en weest gewaarschuwd er niets bij of af te doen, waar Openb. van Joh. tegen vermaant; mnar deze drie zijn één” — in getuigenis dat Christus de Messias is, — en drie getuigen op aarde, en één getuige in den geloovige, dat maakt juist het volmaakte zevental uit. Ik geloof, regtuit gezegd, niet: dat er drie perso nen in God zijn, en Hellenbroek vraagt of het woord „personen” bijbels is, en hij zegt: „neen! maar daar er zelfstandigheid aan Jezus wordt toegekend en persoon en zelfstandigheid hetzelfde beteekeut, is het geoorloofd,” (dat nog te bewijzen is,) want er staat wel van Jezus: het uitgedrukte beeld Zijner Zelfstandig heid, — maar het uitgedrukte Beeld — is de Zelf standigheid zelf niet. Ik geloof niet dat de zoogenaamde 2e persoon, mensch is geworden en tevens God is.— Ik hoop met allen eerbied te spreken over de ver borgenheid van Christus, doch of gij de Drieëenheid gelooft of niet, — ik geloof ze niet langer, en mag ze niet langer meer prediken, wel de éénheid Christi met den Vader, maar niet met den II. Geest. Jezus zegt: „gijlieden gelooft in God, gelooft ook in Mij,” — maar Hij zegt niet: „ook in den II. Geest.” — En Hij spreekt over de éénheid met Zijnen Vader, „dat ook zulk eene éénheid bestaan moge met de geloovigen in Hem,” Wij zenden Ds. B. dit nommer der Stem toe met de nadrukkelijke uitnoodiging, wanneer deze medegedeelde uitspraak zijne innige overtuiging is, om hiervoor de bewijzen op te geven. Het moge vreemd schijnen, het zij dan zoo, wij dagen Z.Eerw. openlijk uit tot een eerlijke strijd over genoemd onderwerp. Ons blad stel len wij voor hem open. Wil hij bewijzen leveren uit de Schrift, dat het leerstuk der Drieëneheid strijd tegen de Schrift, wil hij bewijzen leveren, dat sommige an dere leerstukken van den Heidelb. Katechismus strijde tegen de Schrift — volgaarne stellen wij de kolommen der Stem voor hem open. Persoonlijke uitspraken, per soonlijk geloof zonder bewijzen, zonder grond zijn nietig. Wij zouden immers even goed kunnen gelooven, dat ie mand soms vlagen van krankzinnigheid had, maar zoo dit geloof op geen deugdelijke gronden steunde was het immers niet aannemelijk? Wie den Zoon loochent heeft ook den Vader niet! Red. Evangelische getuigenissen. Een iegelijk, die overtreedt, en niet blijft in de leer van Christus, die heeft God niet. Indien iemand tot ulieden komt, en deze leer niet brengt ontvangt hem niet in huis, en zegt hem niet: Wees gegroet. 2Joh. vers 9 a. en 10. Dit getuigenis gaf voor omtrent 18 eeuwen de getrouwe en geliefde dienaar van Jezus, Johaunes. Zij is vooral aan hen, die de waarheid ken nen, liefhebben en in dezelve wandelen. De waarheid te kennen is niet slechts eene oppervlakkige kennis van de leer der waarheid te hebben, en die met den mond te be> lijden, maar het is eene levende, door den Heiligen Geest in het hart gewerkte kennis, zooals de Heiland zegt.- Joh. 17:3. „Dit is het eeuwige leven, dat zij U ken nen, den eenigen w-aarachtigen God en Jezus Christus, dien gij gezonden hebt. Zulk eene kennis is zalig makend, dierbaar en zeer troostrijk voor het hart. Zij doet ons de waarheid, zoo als die in Christus is in liefde en gehoorzaamheid betrachten. Die de leer der waarheid zoo kent, heeft dezelve lief. „Hoe lief heb ik uwe wet! Zij is mijne betrachting den ganscheu dag.” Ps. 119:97. En wederom: „Ik zal mij vermaken in uwe geboden die ik liefheb. En wederom: „De regten des Heeren zijn waarheid, zomen zijn zij regt- vaardig. Zij zijn begeerlijker dan goud, ja dan veel fijn goud; en zoeter dan honig en honigzeem. Paulus had een vermaak in de wet Gods naar den inwendigeu mensch. Liefde tot en in de waarheid laat zich beter gevoelen , dan wel in woorden aan anderen mededeelen. Zij maakt ons niet hooggevoelig, maar vreezende. De liefde is langmoedig, zij is goedertieren, de liefde is niet afgunstig; de liefde handelt niet ligtvaardiglijk, zij is niet opgeblazen; zij handelt niet ongeschikkelijk, zij zoekt zich zelve niet, zij wordt niet verbitterd, zij denkt geen kwaad. (1 Cor. 13:4,5.) De liefde is de vervulling der wet en de band der volmaaktheid. Die de waarheid zoo in liefde kent, wandelt in dezelve. Van dit wandelen is Jtzus, die uaar Joh. 14: 6 de waarheid is, de oorzaak. Ik doe wandelen in het mid den van de paden des regts. Die in de waarheid wan delen, waudelen in de liefde, en hebben behoefte aan den Heere Jezus, en aan de leer des heils, de leer der waarheid. Zij bidden gedurig: „Leer mij, Heere! uwen weg, ik zal in uwe waarheid wandelen ; vereenig mijn hart tot de vreeze uws uaams. „(Ps. 86:11.) Een biddende wandel is het leven van den christen, en eene behartiging van de regte Godsdienst. In de da gen van Enos begon men den naam des Heeren aante- roepen. (Gen. 4:26,) Zoo ook Hand. 2: 21: En het zal zijn, dat een iegelijk, die den naam des Heeren zal aanroepen, zalig zal worden. Er is echter maar een klein getal, dat christelijk wandelt. De apostel geeft in Eilipp. 3 een treffend getuigenis, waar aan een iegelijk zich moet toetsen. In vs. 16 zegt hij: „Doch, daar wij toegekomen zijn, laat ons daarin naar denzelfden regel wandelen, laat ons hetzelfde gevoelen, vs. 18: „Want velen wandelen anders, van dewelke ik u dikmaals gezegd heb, en nu ook weenende zeg, dat zij vijanden des kruises van Christus zijn.” Deze allen zijn te beklagen, zij zijn geestelijk blind, van verre niet ziende, eu weten niet welk oordeel zij over zich zelven halen. De duivel heeft hen als in slaap gewiegd. De apostel Judas geeft een getuigenis vs. 35 „Strijd voor het geloof, dat eenmaal den heiligen over geleverd is! De waarheid, de leer des heils heeft al tijd veel tegenstand gehad, de vijanden houden niet op den waren christen aan te vechten. De strijd echter is des Heeren. Want wandelende in het vleesch, voeren wij den krijg niet naar het vleesch : want de wapenen van onzen krijg zijn niet vleeschelijk, maar krachtig door God, tot nederwerping der sterkten (2 Cor. 10: 3, 4). Ziet ook zoodanig getuigenis Efes. 6. Het zwaard mag men niet uit de schede trekken, want al len die het zwaard nemen zullen door het zwaard ver gaan. Maar de geheele wapenrusting Gods door het geloof aan te nemen, zoo staat de christen als een rots in den boozen dag. Wanueer sommigen de zigt- bare kerk verlaten, en haar een scheldbrief geven, dan moet ons zulks wel bedroeven en leed doen, maar niet ergeren of mismoedig maken. Zij , die ketterijen, hetzij bedektelijk , hetzij openbaar invoeren, verontrusten de gemeente des Heeren, en het ware te wenschcn, dat zij allen de kerk verlieten, om dat ze er niet bij behooren. Johannes zegt lste Zendbr. hoofdst. 2: 19. „Zij zijn uit ons uitgegaan, Blaar zij waren uit ons niet : want indien zij uit ons geweest waren, zoo zouden zij met ons gebleven zijn, maar dit is geschied, opdat zij zouden openbaar wor den dat ze niet allen uit ons zijn.” Sluipen er nu en dan verkeerde menschen binnen, laat ons dan waken en nuchteren zijn. Het is een merkteeken van het laatste der dagen, en dat het einde aller dingen nabij is. Want er zal een tijd zijn, wanneer zij de gezonde leer niet zullen verdragen, maar ketelachtig zijnde van gehoor, zullen zij zich zelven leeraars opgaderen naar hunne eigene begeerlijkheden: en zullen hun gehoor van de waarheid afwenden, en zullen zich keeren tot fabelen. (2 Tim. 4: 3, 4.) God geve dan den opzie ners der gemeente getrouwheid, om acht te geven op hunne kudde, hun toevertrouwd, opdat het huis des Heeren in goede orde blijve „Laat alle dingen eerlijk en’ met orde geschieden,” P. J. de GROOT, Pred. Schiedam. Opmerking. Polen is het land bij uitnemendheid, dat, zoo als het heden ten dage heet, door despotisme wordt be- heerscht, zijne nationalitiet onderdrukt ziet, wiens reg- ten door den Keizer aller Pussen worden geschonden en waar het zwaard alom de gruwelijkste verwoestingen aanrigt. — Wat mag de oorzaak van al deze ellenden zijn? De staatsman moge hierop antwoorden, maar heeft het niet gevonden. De christen alleen is in staat, om het ware antwoord te geven. Is Polen niet de wieg en bakermat van het Socinia- nisme , der bestrijders van de leer der Driecenheid en van de Godheid van onzen gezegenden God en Zalig maker. Polen draag daarvan het oordeel, de regtma- tige vergelding des Heeren, want Hij laat zich niet bespotten. Geen nota’s van het nederlandsche gouver nement. geen Sympathie van Napoleon zal het redden. Polen draagt Gods oordeel. Neemt dit toch ter harte Godverloocheuaars, die de drieëenheid en de Godheid des Zoons ontkent. Obthodoxus. Een kenmerk van de herv. kerk. Bijna elke week zijn de kolommen der kerkel. Courant gevuld met adressen en beschouwingen over het geld, dat de kerk voor preds. tractementen preds. zonen en weduwen kan trekken van den staat. Het is als of de pred. administratieve ambtenaren van den staat zijn, zoo netjes weten zij het aan te toonen, waarin hun schade of voordeel opgesloten ligt. Nu wij willen hen over deze capaciteiten niet smalen. Maar wij meenen er een karaktertrek in te zien van het eigen aardige dier kerk. In de schrift worden wij opgewekt: ziet op de kwade arbeiders. Wij meenden ook altoos, dat het zorgen voor de ziels belangen, het zorgen voor de zuiverheid der leer hoofdzakelijk de roeping was van de herders en leeraars. Dit nu zien wij in de herv. kerk letterlijk verschoven en de zorg voor behoud of vermeerdering van tractement in de plaats getreden. Jammer maar, dat ook de ge noemd wordende getrouwe leeraars van dat vergif ge- ■ dronken hebben! — Om te letten op de zuiverheid der leer, om te zien op de kwade arbeiders, daaraan wordt niet meer gedacht! Het lands tractement is maar de hoofdzaak! Komt er nog verzet tegen de kwade arbeiders, dan geschied dit nog van leden of ouderlin gen. Treurig kenmerk! Pinkster-collecte voor de buitenlandsche zending. Ofschoon het als algemeen bekend mag verondersteld worden, acht ondergeteekende het niet overbodig de kerkeraden te herinneren aan de inleiding van het re glement van de christelijke afgescheiden gereformeerde kerk in Nederland voor de opleiding en uitzending van leeraren onder de heidenen. „Aangezien de Heere J, C. de groote Koning zijner kerk voor zijne hemelvaart aan zijne discipelen geboden heeft, dat zij het evangelie zijns koningrijks zouden prediken aan alle creaturen; zoo heeft de Synode der christelijk afgescheiden gereformeerde kerk in Nederland gehouden in den jare 1860 te Hoogeveen, in verband met het bepaalde der Synode van 1857 art. 126 van de handelingen het volgende besloten:” „De Synode, lettende op het gewigt der zending, en dat het de pligt van iedere gemeente is, haar te behartigen, wekt de gemeenten op, behalve hetgeen men bovendien mogt doen, jaarlijks op pinksteren eene openbare collecte te houden, en verlangt, dat alle deze gelden aan de cura toren ter hand worden gesteld om in overleg met de docenten hierover te beschikken.” Aan dit collegie wordt opgedragen, een reglement tot bevordering der zendingszaak, zoo spoedig mogelijk openbaar te maken.” Dientengevolge arresteert het collegie van docenten en curatoren der theologische school van genoemde chris-1 telijk afgescheiden gereformeerde kerk in Nederland, ver-' gaderende te Kampen, de volgende bepalingen: Hier volgt het regl., vastgesteld den 15 Junij 1861. De opleiding en uitzending van leeraren onder de heidenen is volgens dit reglement begonnen, reeds zijn er twee zendelingleeraren uitgezonden en in Suriname werkzaam; vier andere kweekelingen ge nieten te Kampen hunne opleiding en hopen hen eenmaal te volgen of elders heen gezonden te worden. Zal echter deze zaak met goed gevolg voortgezet wor* den dan is er behalve des Heeren onmisbaren zegen ook geld noodig. Moge de opwekking der Synode niet te vergeefs geschied zijn, maar iedere gemeente er naar vermogen toe bijdragen. De kerkeraden der gemeenten in de Classis Pekel-A gelieven deze herinnering aan te merken als eene op wekking van hunnen corespondent voor de zendingszaak. R. T. KUIPER. Tweede Kamer. Ingevolge art. 100 der kieswet, zal den tweeden Dingsdag der maand Junij (Dingsdag, 14 Junij) de helft der leden van de Tweede Kamer der Staten- Generaal aftreden. Naar den opgemaakten rooster, be lmoren dit jaar af te treden, de heeren: Groningen: Mr. J. H. Geertsema C.zn.; Appingadam: Dr. R. Westerhoff; Assen: Mr. L. Graaf van Heiden Rei- nestein; Leeuwarden: Mr. J. Dirks; Sneek: Mr. S. Wijbenga; Dockum: Jhr. Mr. S. W. H. A. van Beyma thoe Kingma; Steenwijk: Jhr. C. M. Storm van ’s Gravesande; Zwolle: Mr. P. Mijer; Amelo: Mr. P. A. S. van Limburg Brouwer; Deventer Mr. G. Dumbar; Zutphen: Mr. P. P. van Bosse; Arnhem: Mr. W. Baron van Lijnden ; Nijmegen; Mr. C. J. A. Heijdenrijck; Amersfoort: Mr. J. K. Baron van Golt- stein; Utrecht: Mr. E. van Voorthuysen; Hoorn: Mr. P. M. Tutein Nolthenius; Alkmaar: Jhr. Mr. C. van Foreest; Amsterdam: Mr. C. van Heukelom, Mr. J. Heemskerk, Azn. en S. Cool; Leiden: Mr. R. J. Graaf Schimmelpenninck; Gouda: Jhr. Mr. W. M. de Brauw’; Delft: C. Hoekwater; Rotterdam: F. W. C. Blom'; ’s Gravenhage: Jhr. Mr. W. F. Gevers Deynoot; Dord recht : Mr. P. Blussé van Oud-Alblas; Gorinchem: Mr. J. D. van der Poel; Middelburg: Mr. D. van Eek; Goes: B. P. G. van Diggelen : Breda: C. W. Oomen; Tilburg : Mr. C. C. A. Beens; Eindhoven: Mr. J. B. Bots; Maastricht: Mr. P. F. E. van Wintershoven; Roermond: Mr. F. Baron de Keverberg; Boxmeer: H. C. F. Kerstens; ’s Bosch: Dr. J. H. II. de Poorter. Bovendien zullen drie nieuwe leden gekozen worden (ingevolge de gewijzigde kiestabel), en wel te Win schoten , Deventer en Haarlem; te zamen alzoo negen en dertig verkiezingen. Daar het van een onberekenbaar belang is, dat ons volk door mannen van positief christelijke beginselen worde vertegenwoordigd zoo maken wij door dezen het i volk opmerkzaam, om toch getrouw de stembus te be zoeken en zooveel maar eenigzints mogelijk is te stem- ■ men op mannen van positief christelijke beginselen. < BERIGTEN. Statistiek van do JllZUÏten. Volgens de opga- : ve in een Fransch tijdschrift waren er in het einde van. 1863 op de geheele wereld 7529 Jezuïten, zijnde 118 meer dan het vorige jaar. Van deze 7529 Jezuïten zijn,. wat hunne afkomst betreft: Franschen 2266 ; Italianen ! 1617; Spanjaarden 868; Duitschers 584; Belgen 576; Oostenrijkers 362; Amerikanen 350; Nederlanders 236; Iren 139. Die de gevaarlijke leerstellingen en praktijk der Jezuï- ■ ten kent zal zich wel wachten voor hunnen verderflij ken invloed in huis, school, kerk en staat. Een ieder zij gewaarschuwd, zij zoeken met hunne vleijende tong allerwege in te kruipen! Schotland. — Het voornemen bestaat, om eene vereeniging te trachten te bewerken van de Vrije Pres- byteriaansche en Vereenigde Presbyteriaansche kerken in Schotland; het verschil van gevoelen over de bevoegd heid van den Staat in kerke-zaken is nog het eenige, dat de vereeniging belet en waarover men nog beraad slaagt. De laatste is reeds eenige jaren verzwagerd geweest met de C. A. G. pred. in Nederland. Wij hopen dat deze vereeniging ook van onberekenbaar heerlijke gevol gen voor de geloovigen in Nederl. mag worden. Eendracht maakt macht! Groningen, 2 Mei. Het koolzaad, dat in deze Prov. is blijven staan, wordt met den dag minder, daar vele planten wegens het schrale, koude weder nog sterven; daaglijks worden daarom onder geploegd, die kort na den winter een goed gewas beloofden, zoodat er wei nig of niets zal overblijven. — Men ziet hier daaglijks uit naar de windstreken, of er ook verandering in het onvruchtbare weêrsgesteldheid komt. In het naburige Drenthe is bij vele inwöners de wit tervoorraad voor het vee ten einde en het land biet nog geen nieuw voedsel aan. — Men ziet uit, mat ziet men ook naar boven, naar Hem, die loof en gras regen en droogte , vruchtbare en onvruchtbare jaren spijze en drank, gezondheid en krankheid armoede n rijkdom en alle dingen ons doet toekomen? KERKNIEUWS. Bedum. De kerkenraad heeft alhier op het drietal geplaatst Dj Aieboer, Diemer en Meijering, leeraren te Garrelsweer, Stad kanaal en te t Zandt. Haarlem, 1 Mei 1864. Nadat de gemeente des Heere alhier vijf jaren in een gehuurd locaal te zameu kwam , hee de getrouwe verbonds God Zijns volks haar ouder veel moeit en strijd een nieuws kerk en pastorij in eigendom toegeschikl Met de Paaschdageu werd ons nieuw gebouw aan ’s Heen dienst toegewijd door den WelEerw. Zeergel. Heer Ds. S. va Velzen Docent aan de Theol. school te Kampen. 1 Onder biddend opzien tot Hem, die uit Zijne volheid ia i onze ledigheid voorziet, heeft de kerkeraad op heden de gemeen! een nieuw drietal voorgesteld, bestaande uit Ds. W. Diemer t Stads-Kanaal. P. Diermanse te Vlissingen en K. Krenlen l uiten. Mogt er den man zijns raads onder gevonden worden en neige de Heere het harte Zijns knechts om onze uit te brengen roeping op te volgen, tot blijdschap van hem die Sion bentinne en tot uitbreiding van Zijn dierbaar koningrijk. II. G. II. ANTINK. Sckriba, Rotterdam, 25 April 1864. Heden werden wij door dei Heere verblijd, de WelEerw. heer H. R: Beuker tot ons val Zwolle overgekomen, werd heden morgen in zijn heilig diens werk onder ons bevestigd door den WelEw. heer 11. A. di Vos, pred. te Delft, naar aanleidieg van 2 Tim. 2; 2 5 tei wijl onze leeraar des na middags iijn dienstwerk aanvaarde ten grondslag zijner arbeid leggende 1 Cor. 1 : 23, 24. | 41,717 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9340566 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,012 | Stack Exchange | Abhijit Mishra, Drejc, Mongikazi Nocaka, SHREST RAJ, Volodymyr Nedashkivskyi, anwar salim, https://stackoverflow.com/users/21214274, https://stackoverflow.com/users/21214275, https://stackoverflow.com/users/21214732, https://stackoverflow.com/users/21217205, https://stackoverflow.com/users/493333, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6482 | English | Spoken | 198 | 272 | Receive intent when user clears data
is it possible to receive some intent, when user clicks "Clear data" button in Manage Application section while app is running?
Clear data clears the SharedPreferences files and all database storages.
Take a look here: "Clear User Data" android
To my knowledge there is no intent to recieve when the user does this, you simply must act accordingly in case this happens.
I know that it's cleaning SharedPreferences. The question is: is it possible to check that data is cleared while app is running?
Sorry your question was not clear to me ... now I understand, you would like to get an intent when the user does this.
Sorry, I know this is an old thread, but I thought I'd share the solution I came up with for such a case.
SharedPreferences.get methods require a defaultValue to be supplied. Instead of using a boolean for first_time, I used an integer, returning -1 as defaultValue. If defaultValue is returned, it means the preference was not found, meaning first time app use (or data cleared, or your app called remove() or clear() on the SharedPreferences).
It's not very elegant, but it does the trick.
| 776 |
6f14ba1b41e722e35b5407f3dd42fda0 | French Open Data | Open Government | Licence ouverte | 2,015 | ARRÊTÉ du 13 juillet 2015, article 2 | LEGI | French | Spoken | 41 | 59 | En fonction des circonstances, le délégué à la sécurité et à la circulation routières et le directeur des infrastructures de transport peuvent, par décision, suspendre l'autorisation d'expérimentation, y mettre un terme anticipé ou la conditionner à la prise de nouvelles mesures. | 5,776 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111225921 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Vanessa Glemsel | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 799 | 1,920 | Vanessa Glemsel
Cursou o Grao en Estudos de Galego e Espa\u00F1ol na Universidade de Vigo. Formouse en improvisaci\u00F3n teatral, t\u00E9cnica vocal, teatro, escritura creativa e creaci\u00F3n po\u00E9tica. Desde hai anos desenvolve propostas atrav\u00E9s da spoken
Vanessa Glemsel instance of human
Vanessa Glemsel AELG ID 589
Vanessa Glemsel sex or gender female
Vanessa Glemsel occupation poet
Vanessa Glemsel occupation philologist
Vanessa Glemsel given name Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel country of citizenship Spain
Vanessa Glemsel place of birth Castrelos
Vanessa Glemsel National Library of Spain ID XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel educated at Vigo University
Vanessa Glemsel date of birth 1987
Vanessa Glemsel image Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
Vanessa Glemsel ist ein(e) Mensch
Vanessa Glemsel AELG-ID 589
Vanessa Glemsel Geschlecht weiblich
Vanessa Glemsel Tätigkeit Dichter
Vanessa Glemsel Tätigkeit Philologe
Vanessa Glemsel Vorname Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel Land der Staatsangehörigkeit Spanien
Vanessa Glemsel Geburtsort Castrelos
Vanessa Glemsel BNE-Kennung XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel besuchte Bildungseinrichtung Universität Vigo
Vanessa Glemsel Geburtsdatum 1987
Vanessa Glemsel Bild Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
Vanessa Glemsel nature de l’élément être humain
Vanessa Glemsel identifiant Asociación de Escritores en Lingua Galega 589
Vanessa Glemsel sexe ou genre féminin
Vanessa Glemsel occupation poète ou poétesse
Vanessa Glemsel occupation philologue
Vanessa Glemsel prénom Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel pays de nationalité Espagne
Vanessa Glemsel identifiant Bibliothèque nationale d'Espagne XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel scolarité université de Vigo
Vanessa Glemsel date de naissance 1987
Vanessa Glemsel image Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
Vanessa Glemsel instancia de ser humano
Vanessa Glemsel identificador AELG 589
Vanessa Glemsel sexo o género femenino
Vanessa Glemsel ocupación poeta
Vanessa Glemsel ocupación filólogo
Vanessa Glemsel nombre de pila Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel país de nacionalidad España
Vanessa Glemsel lugar de nacimiento Castrelos
Vanessa Glemsel identificador BNE XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel educado en Universidad de Vigo
Vanessa Glemsel fecha de nacimiento 1987
Vanessa Glemsel imagen Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
Vanessa Glemsel istanza di umano
Vanessa Glemsel sesso o genere femmina
Vanessa Glemsel occupazione poeta
Vanessa Glemsel occupazione filologo
Vanessa Glemsel prenome Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel paese di cittadinanza Spagna
Vanessa Glemsel identificativo BNE XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel scuola frequentata Università di Vigo
Vanessa Glemsel data di nascita 1987
Vanessa Glemsel immagine Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
Vanessa Glemsel instância de ser humano
Vanessa Glemsel sexo ou género feminino
Vanessa Glemsel ocupação poeta
Vanessa Glemsel ocupação filólogo
Vanessa Glemsel primeiro nome Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel país de nacionalidade Espanha
Vanessa Glemsel identificador BNE XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel alma mater Universidade de Vigo
Vanessa Glemsel data de nascimento 1987
Vanessa Glemsel imagem Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
Vanessa Glemsel is een mens
Vanessa Glemsel AELG-identificatiecode 589
Vanessa Glemsel sekse of geslacht vrouwelijk
Vanessa Glemsel beroep dichter
Vanessa Glemsel beroep filoloog
Vanessa Glemsel voornaam Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel land van nationaliteit Spanje
Vanessa Glemsel BNE-identificatiecode XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel geboortedatum 1987
Vanessa Glemsel afbeelding Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
poeta galega
Vanessa Glemsel instancia de ser humano
Vanessa Glemsel Identificador AELG 589
Vanessa Glemsel sexo muller
Vanessa Glemsel ocupación poeta
Vanessa Glemsel ocupación filólogo
Vanessa Glemsel nome propio Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel país de nacionalidade España
Vanessa Glemsel lugar de nacemento Castrelos
Vanessa Glemsel identificador BNE XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel educado en Universidade de Vigo
Vanessa Glemsel data de nacemento 1987
Vanessa Glemsel imaxe Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
Vanessa Glemsel instans av människa
Vanessa Glemsel kön kvinna
Vanessa Glemsel sysselsättning poet
Vanessa Glemsel sysselsättning filolog
Vanessa Glemsel förnamn Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel medborgare i Spanien
Vanessa Glemsel BNE-ID XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel utbildad vid Universitetet i Vigo
Vanessa Glemsel födelsedatum 1987
Vanessa Glemsel bild Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
Vanessa Glemsel instância de ser humano
Vanessa Glemsel sexo ou gênero feminino
Vanessa Glemsel ocupação poeta
Vanessa Glemsel primeiro nome Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel país de cidadania Espanha
Vanessa Glemsel identificador BNE XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel data de nascimento 1987
Vanessa Glemsel imagem Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
poeta gallega
Vanessa Glemsel instancia de humanu
Vanessa Glemsel sexu femenín
Vanessa Glemsel ocupación poeta
Vanessa Glemsel ocupación filólogu
Vanessa Glemsel nome Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel país de nacionalidá España
Vanessa Glemsel llugar de nacimientu Castrelos
Vanessa Glemsel identificador BNE XX6015148
Vanessa Glemsel educáu en Universidá de Vigo
Vanessa Glemsel fecha de nacimientu 1987
Vanessa Glemsel imaxe Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
Vanessa Glemsel instancë e njeri
Vanessa Glemsel gjinia femër
Vanessa Glemsel profesioni poet
Vanessa Glemsel emri Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel shtetësia Spanja
Vanessa Glemsel data e lindjes 1987
Vanessa Glemsel imazh Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg
Vanessa Glemsel
Vanessa Glemsel sampla de duine
Vanessa Glemsel gnéas nó inscne baineann
Vanessa Glemsel gairm file
Vanessa Glemsel gairm focleolaí
Vanessa Glemsel céadainm Vanessa
Vanessa Glemsel tír shaoránachta an Spáinn
Vanessa Glemsel áit bhreithe Castrelos
Vanessa Glemsel scoil a d'fhreastail sé/sí Ollscoil Vigo
Vanessa Glemsel dáta breithe 1987
Vanessa Glemsel íomhá Vanessa Glemsel - AELG 1.jpg | 30,657 |
https://github.com/srinathcapn/react-hn/blob/master/.gitignore | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,019 | react-hn | srinathcapn | Ignore List | Code | 6 | 31 | /public/build
/node_modules
/public/sw-toolbox.js
dist
abc.txt
diff.php
| 1,200 |
https://github.com/alphacentauri82/diabot-discord/blob/master/src/main/java/com/dongtronic/diabot/data/NightscoutDTO.kt | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,019 | diabot-discord | alphacentauri82 | Kotlin | Code | 86 | 187 | package com.dongtronic.diabot.data
import java.time.ZonedDateTime
class NightscoutDTO {
var glucose: ConversionDTO? = null
var delta: ConversionDTO? = null
var dateTime: ZonedDateTime? = null
var deltaIsNegative: Boolean = false
var low: Int = 0
var bottom: Int = 0
var top: Int = 0
var high: Int = 0
var trend: Int = 0
var iob: Float = 0.0F
var cob: Int = 0
var units: String = ""
var title: String = "Nightscout"
set (value) {
if (value != null) {
field = value
}
}
}
| 9,993 |
https://github.com/webbatdongsan/batdongsan/blob/master/routes/web.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,019 | batdongsan | webbatdongsan | PHP | Code | 187 | 2,189 | <?php
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Web Routes
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here is where you can register web routes for your application. These
| routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
| contains the "web" middleware group. Now create something great!
|
*/
Route::get('/','HomeController@gethomepage');
Route::get('admin', function () {
return view('admin.pages.dashboard');
});
Route::get('login', function () {
return view('admin.pages.login');
});
Route::post('search','HomeController@postsearch');
Route::get('getdshuyen/{idtinh}','DiadiemController@getdshuyen');
Route::get('getdsxa/{idtinh}/{idhuyen}','DiadiemController@getdsxa');
Route::group(['prefix'=>'admin'],function(){
Route::group(['prefix'=>'diadiem'],function(){
Route::get('/','DiadiemController@getdiadiem');
Route::get('huyen/{id}','DiadiemController@gethuyen');
Route::get('xa/{idtinh}/{idhuyen}','DiadiemController@getxa');
Route::post('themtinh','DiadiemController@postthemtinh');
Route::post('suatinh','DiadiemController@postsuatinh');
Route::get('xoatinh/{id}','DiadiemController@getxoatinh');
Route::post('themhuyen','DiadiemController@postthemhuyen');
Route::post('suahuyen','DiadiemController@postsuahuyen');
Route::get('xoahuyen/{idtinh}/{idhuyen}','DiadiemController@getxoahuyen');
Route::post('themxa','DiadiemController@postthemxa');
Route::post('suaxa','DiadiemController@postsuaxa');
Route::get('xoaxa/{idtinh}/{idhuyen}/{idxa}','DiadiemController@getxoaxa');
Route::get('getdshuyen/{idtinh}','DiadiemController@getdshuyen');
Route::get('getdsxa/{idtinh}/{idhuyen}','DiadiemController@getdsxa');
});
Route::group(['prefix'=>'tintuc'],function(){
Route::get('/','TintucController@danhsach');
Route::get('them','TintucController@getthemtintuc');
Route::post('them','TintucController@postthemtintuc');
Route::get('sua/{id}','TintucController@getsuatintuc');
Route::post('sua','TintucController@postsuatintuc');
Route::get('xoa/{id}','TintucController@getxoatintuc');
Route::get('xoahinh/{idtin}/{hinh}','TintucController@getxoahinh');
Route::get('duyettin/{idtin}','TintucController@duyettin');
});
Route::group(['prefix'=>'danhmuc'],function(){
Route::get('huong','DanhMucController@huong');
Route::post('themhuong','DanhMucController@postthemhuong');
Route::post('suahuong','DanhMucController@postsuahuong');
Route::get('xoahuong/{idhuong}','DanhMucController@getxoahuong');
//Loai BDS
Route::get('loaibds','DanhMucController@loaibds');
Route::post('themloaibds','DanhMucController@postthemloaibds');
Route::post('sualoaibds','DanhMucController@postsualoaibds');
Route::get('xoaloaibds/{idloaibds}','DanhMucController@getxoaloaibds');
//Loai Tin
Route::get('loaitin','DanhMucController@loaitin');
Route::post('themloaitin','DanhMucController@postthemloaitin');
Route::post('sualoaitin','DanhMucController@postsualoaitin');
Route::get('xoaloaitin/{idloaitin}','DanhMucController@getxoaloaitin');
//Loại văn phòng
Route::get('loaivp','DanhMucController@loaivp');
Route::post('themloaivp','DanhMucController@postthemloaivp');
Route::post('sualoaivp','DanhMucController@postsualoaivp');
Route::get('xoaloaivp/{idloai}','DanhMucController@getxoaloaivp');
///Loại đất
Route::get('loaidat','DanhMucController@loaidat');
Route::post('themloaidat','DanhMucController@postthemloaidat');
Route::post('sualoaidat','DanhMucController@postsualoaidat');
Route::get('xoaloaidat/{idloai}','DanhMucController@getxoaloaidat');
///Loại nhà
Route::get('loainha','DanhMucController@loainha');
Route::post('themloainha','DanhMucController@postthemloainha');
Route::post('sualoainha','DanhMucController@postsualoainha');
Route::get('xoaloainha/{idloai}','DanhMucController@getxoaloainha');
///Loai giấy tờ
Route::get('loaigiayto','DanhMucController@loaigiayto');
Route::post('themloaigiayto','DanhMucController@postthemloaigiayto');
Route::post('sualoaigiayto','DanhMucController@postsualoaigiayto');
Route::get('xoaloaigiayto/{idloai}','DanhMucController@getxoaloaigiayto');
///Đặc điểm nhà đất
Route::get('dacdiemnhadat','DanhMucController@dacdiemnhadat');
Route::post('themdacdiemnhadat','DanhMucController@postthemdacdiemnhadat');
Route::post('suadacdiemnhadat','DanhMucController@postsuadacdiemnhadat');
Route::get('xoadacdiemnhadat/{idloai}','DanhMucController@getxoadacdiemnhadat');
///Loai căn hộ
Route::get('loaicanho','DanhMucController@loaicanho');
Route::post('themloaicanho','DanhMucController@postthemloaicanho');
Route::post('sualoaicanho','DanhMucController@postsualoaicanho');
Route::get('xoaloaicanho/{idloai}','DanhMucController@getxoaloaicanho');
});
});
Route::get('dangky', function () {
return view('dangky');
});
Route::get('saveimage', function () {
return view('admin.test');
});
Route::post('saveimage','TintucController@saveimage');
Route::get('createuser','UserController@create');
Route::post('dangnhap','UserController@postdangnhap');
//hiển thị tin tức
Route::get('tintuc/{idtin}','TintucController@hienthi');
Route::get('newtest','TestController@newtest');
Route::get('testinsert','TestController@insert');
Route::get('testget','TestController@index');
Route::get('test','TestController@test0');
Route::get('updatehuyen/{tinh}','TestController@updatehuyen');
Route::get('themhuyen/{tinh}','TestController@themhuyen');
Route::get('updatexa/{tinh}','TestController@updatexa');
Route::get('themxa/{tinh}','TestController@themxa');
Route::get('/tinh','DiadiemController@gettinh');
Route::get('show','NhadatController@show');
Route::get('add','NhadatController@create');
Route::post('add','NhadatController@store');
Route::get('nhadat','NhadatController@index');
Route::get('edit/{id}','NhadatController@edit');
Route::post('edit/{id}','NhadatController@update');
Route::delete('{id}','NhadatController@destroy');
| 40,741 |
bpt6k5493910v_49 | French-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglements, et avis du Conseil d'Etat | None | French | Spoken | 7,794 | 12,523 | 567 tion générale des douanes comprenant : 4 emploi de directeur général ; 2emploisd'administrateurs; 9 emplois de chefsdebureau ; 12 emplois desouschefs de bureau. Le nombre maximum des .rédacteurs principaux, rédacteurs ordinaires et expéditionnaires de la même administration est fixé ainsi qu'il suit : 4 8 rédacteurs principaux; 33 rédacteurs ordinaires et expéditionnaires. Les cadres du personnel de la direction générale des contributions indirectes comprennent : 4 emploi dé directeur général ; 2 emplois d'administrateurs; 42 emplois dechefs debureau; 45 emplois de sous-chefs debureau. Le nombre maximum des rédacteurs principaux ou ordinairesde la même administration est fixé à 58. Le nombre maximum des préposés chargés des travaux d'expédition est fixé à 30. Ils sont désignés par le directeur général. Les classes et traitements que comportent cesemploissont fixés de la manière suivante : 4re -classe,2,400 fr.; 2e classe, 2,4 00 fr.; 36<classe, 1,900 fr. ; 4e classe, 4,700 fr.Les cadres du personneldeladireclion générale des manufactures de l'Elateomprennent : 1 emploi de directeur général; 2 emplois d'administrateurs; 2 emplois d'ingénieurs en chef inspecteurs; 6emplois de chefs debu-reau;5emploisde sous-chefs debureau; ^4 emploi d'ingénieur. Le nombre maximum des rédacteurs principaux ou ordinaires et des expéditionnaires de .la même administration est fixé à 23. Les cadres du personnel de l'administration des monnaies et médailles -(Serviceadministratif) comprennent : -1 emploi de directeur; 2 emplois de chef de section du secrétariat ; Remploi de conservateur du musée monétaire. Le nombre maximum des rédacteurs principaux ou ordinaires, 'les expéditionnaires et stagiaires de la même administraton est fixé à 8. Le nombre maximum des huissiers et gardiens de bureau est fixé à 5. -28. Les traitements et les classes que comportent les emplois du personnel central des administrations financières sont fixés ainsi qu'il suit : Directeurs généraux,25,000 fr.; direc"leur de l'administration des monnaies et médailles, 20,000 fr.; administrateurs, 42,000 et 45,000 fr.; ingénieurs en chef inspecteurs des manufactures de l'Etat, 4 0,000 fr.; ingénieurs des manufactures de l'Etat, 7,000 fr.; Chefs debureau :1reclasse, 10,000 fr.; 2eclasse, 9,000 fr.; 3e classe, 8,000fr. ; 4e classe, 7,000 fr.; chefs de section de l'administration des monnaies et médailles et conservateur du musée monétaire, 5,000, 5,500, 6,000, 7,000. 4er DÉCEMBRE 4900. CHEFS SOUS-CBEFS DIRECTIONS. > de bureau de bureau de I« classe. de lr« classe, Direction générale des contributions directes 2 2 Direclioa générale de l'enregistrement, des domaines et du timbre 3 5 Direction générale des douanes 3 k Direction générale des contributions indirectes 4 5 (.Direction générale des manufactures de l'Etat 2 2 CHEFS I SOUS-CHEFS DIRECTIONS. de bureau de bureau de 4U classe. de 3e classe. Direction généiale des contribuions directes i 2 Direction générale de l'enregislremenl, des domaines et du timbre 2 5 Direction générale des douanes 2 j. i Direction générale des contributions indirectes 2 5 Direction générale des manufactures de l'Etat i 2 giaires sont nommés parles directeurs généraux ou le directeur de l'administration des monnaies. 30. Les fonctionnaires et employés des administrations centrales des contribuiionsdirectes, de l'enregistrement, des domaines et du timbre, des douanes, des contributionsindirectes et des manufactures de l'Etat, jusques et y compris les administrateurs, sont recrutés dans le personnel de ces administrations. Peuvent être nommésdans l'administration à laquelle ils ont appartenu et à des emplois soit de leur grade ou du .grade assimilé, soit du grade immédiatement supérieur, s'ils -satisfont aux conditions prévues à l'art. 44, les employés de tous grades du service du contrôle des administrations financières et du service du contentieux. 31. Les fonctionnaires et employés de l'administration centrale des contributions directes sont recrutés soit parmi les employés du grade inférieur de cette administration remplissant les conditions d'ancienneté indiquées -dans le présent règlement, soit parmi les agents des services extérieurs suivant l'assimilation ci-après. Chefs de bureau : Directeurs; souschefs de lre et de 2e classe : inspecteurs de lre classe; sous-chefs de 3° classe: inspecteurs de 2e classe; rédacteurs principaux de4reet de2^ classe : commis principaux ou contrôleurs principaux de 4ro classe; rédacteurs principaux de 3e classe : commis principaux ou contrôleurs principaux de 2e classe; rédacteurs ordinaires de lle et de 2e classe : premiers commis ou contrôleurs de 4reclasse; rédacteurs ordinaires de 3e et de 4e classe: premiers commis ou contrôleursde2eclasse ; rédacteurs ordinaires de56 classe: premiers commis ou contrôleurs de 3e classe. Les administrateurs peuvent être choisis soit parmi les chefs de bureau comptant au moins deux années de grade, soit parmi'les directeurs départementaux remplissant la mêmecondition d'ancienneté. Les fonctionnaires et employé? de l'administration centrale de l'enregistrement, desdomaines et du timbre se recrutent de la manière suivante : Les administrateurs peuvent être choisis soit parmi les chefs de bureau de l'administration centrale comptant au moins deux années de grade, soit parmi les directeursdéparlementaux remplissant la même condition d'ancienneté. Les chefs et les sous-chefs de bureau sont recrutés parmi .les employés du grade inférieur de l'administration centrale remplissant les conditions indiquées par le présent règlement; les rédacteurssont RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. — 4e 1' DÉCEMBRE 1900. 569 .choisis parmiles sous-inspecteurs ayant satisfait aux épreuves d'un concours spécial. Toutefois, le cinquième des vacances dans l'effectif de chaque -grade, sans distinction de classe, peut •être attribué directement aux agents des services extérieurs ayant subi l'examen d'aptitude aux emplois supéjieurs, suivant l'assimilation ci-après : Chefs de bureau : Directeurs; souschefsde4re et de2eclasse -.inspecteurs décelasse; sous-chefs de 3eclasse : inspecteurs de 2e classe; rédacteurs de 4ra classe: sous-insnecteursde 4r<> classe; rédacteurs jde 2e classe sous-inspec-teurs de 2e classe; rédacteurs de 3e classe : sous-inspecteurs de 3e classe. Les fonctionnaires et employés de l'administration centrale des douanes et de l'administration centrale des manufactures de l'Etat sont recrutés soit parmi les employés du grade inférieur de leur administration centrale remplissant les conditions indiquées par le présent règlement, soit parmi les agents des services extérieurs de leur administration ayant au moins le même traitement ou le traitement immédiatement inférieur, pourvu que ces derniers remplissent les conditions d'avancement dans leur corps. Toutefois, les administrateurs peuvent être choisis soit parmi les chefs de bureau comptant au moins deux ans de grade, soit parmi les directeurs départementaux remplissant la même condition d'ancienneté; en outre; les administrateurs des manufactures de l'Etat peuvent être choisis parmi les ingénieurs en chefinspecteurs, dont les services cumulés dans les grades d^ingénieur en chef inspecteur, de chef de bureau et de directeur représenteraient une durée totale d'au 'moins deux ans. Les fonctionnaires et employés de l'administration centrale des contributions indirectes sont recrulés soit parmi les employés du grade inférieur de celte administration remplissant les conditions indiquées dans le présent règlement, soit parmi les agents des services extérieurs, suivant les assimilations ci-après : Administrateurs : Directeurs de 4™ classe à42,000 fr.; chefs de bureau de 4 M (je ge et de 3e c|asse. directeurs'de directeurs'de et de3e classe;chefs de bureau de 4e classe et sous-chefs -de 4re classe : sous-directeurs et inspecteursde 4reclasse à 6,000 fr.;souschefs de 2eet de 36 classe : sous-directeurs et inspecteurs à 5,000 fr. ; rédacteurs principaux de 4r<> et de 2° classe : inspecteurs à 4,000 francs. Les rédacteurs principaux de 3e classe et les rédacteurs ordinaires sont choisis soit parmi les agents du grade inférieur remplissant les conditions voulues, soit, parla voie du concours, parmi tous les agents des services extérieurs dont le traitement est de 4,900 à 2,400 fr. 32. Les employés du service administratif des monnaies et médailles sont recrutés d'après les règles et programme appliqués au recrutement des employés de l'administration centrale des finances. Les employés du service d'exploitation peuvent être appelés dans le service administratif s'ils ont satisfait aux épreuvedu concours exigé pour ce dernier service. L'avis du conseil des directeurs est remplacé par l'avis du directeur de l'administration des monnaies et médailles. 33. L'avancement dans le personnel central de chaque administraiion financière a lieu au choix,confor mément aux règles établies par les articles 44 et 3*4 du présent règlement. 34.4-L-e § 3 de l'art. 2 et les art. 5, 47, 48 et 49*.du présent décret sont applicables au personnel des administrations financières, sauf les modifications suivantes : la réprimande et la •retenue de traitement sont prononcées par les directeurs généraux ou le drecteur de l'administration des monnaies et médailles pour les rédacteurs ordinaires ou les expéditionnaires, et par le ministre des finances, sur la proposition de ces chefs de service, pour tous les autres fonctionnaires. La rétrogradation et la révocation sont prononcées par l'autorité chargée de la nomination. L'avis du conseil d'administration remplace l'avis du conseil des directeurs. TITRE VII. DISPOSITIONS TRANSITOIRES ET DISPOSITIONS GÉNÉRALES. 35. La limite inférieure d'âge fixée par le présent décret pour l'admission •570 RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. — i 01' DÉCEMBRE 4'900. au concours de rédacteurs et d'expédi.tionnaires à l'administration centrale des finances ne sera pas applicable aux candidats du concou rsde 4 904 ni à ceux du concours de 4902 qui se seront présentés sans succès aux épreuves d'un précédent concours. 36. Des arrêtés ministériels règlent les dispositions de détail que comporte le présent décret. 37. Les déc. des der décembre 4899 et 4 2 février 4900 sont abrogés. 38. Le minisire des finances est chargé, etc. lcr= 7 DÉCEMBRE 4900. — Décret relatif à l'organisation de l'administration centrale du ministère des finances (Journ. off. du 7 décembre 1900). Le Président de la République, sur le rapport du ministre des finances vu l'art. 46 de la loi de finances du 29 décembre 4 882; vu .l'art. 38 de la loi de finances du 43 avril 4900; vu les art. 1er et 27 du déc. du 4er décembre 4 900, portant règlement sur l'organisation centrale du ministère des finances, décrète : Art. 4°r. L'administration centrale du ministère des finances comprend, outre le pabinet du ministre et le service de l'inspection générale, huit directions ou services. Le nombre et les attributions des bureaux dont se composent ces services ainsi que le nombre des directeurs, chefs de service, sous-directeurs, chefs et souschefs de bureau sont fixés conformément au tableau ci après : ™. S '. M. 'f , S*— °3 e = s, DIRECTIONS t S= g "-SràS&»=0 0U BUREAUX. I S = g jS S g 5-i^ services. ' £ "> S S S § §3 j a a a «: Ouverture des dépêches. — Affaires réservées. Cabinet I [Débits de tabac et recettes buralistes i » » B » 1 1 » » » » 9 3 [Vérification des services financiers. — Missions spéciales. — Relations avec les adminisliaInspeclion adminisliaInspeclion ti0ns centrales. — Conirôle financier financières " » » » • » » » B D » » î !l«r bureau. — Administration cen' traie. — Trésoriers-payeurs généraux. — Receveurs particuliers. — Personnel de la trésorerie en Algérie et aux colonies. — Percepteurs. — Contrôle du personnel des administrations financières ik 1 » s 1 3 [ %e buiean. — Matériel et impresMalériel. ) sions. — Contre-seirjg. — Bi( Bi( et archives j » » ». 1 8 j> i V D ~$~ _J_ il 1« bureau. — Portefeuille des Contrôle l douanes, des contributions in-j desadmidirectes, des manufactures de nistra.' 1 ™t i tiôïs finan 'lions fi-12* bureau. Portefeuille de l'en- » d » cières et de aancières. regislrement. des contributions, l'ordonnance[ J™^ _de_s_ -monn.Ues..e.'. Art. % — Directions générales des administrations financières. Le personnel central des administrations financières est fixé et réparti conformément aux tableaux ci-après : 572 RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. — 4m DÉCEMBRE 1900. 'Direction générale des contributions directes. BUREAUX. g _ g g „ s l a _ fcB «ç _ a, a_ _ £. 13 O "3 Bureau central et du personnel..'. 1 1 i 1er bureau. — Répartement.— Patentes _ 1 1« division. | 2e iureaa_ _ Législation. — Contentieux. i 2 _ 1 1 1er bureau. — Service général j 1 1 2= division, j _e bureau. — Cadastre. — Rôles | 1__ 1 | 1 2 5 5 Direction générale de l'enregistrement, ■ des domaines et du timbre. a -s • Û Ê IS E5 c3 0) a » g Sa g -S> zg a S 3 £ BUREAUX. g .g Ë_ g ■=" ' j, S» 3g ° § « « ^ ** -a o -a _______ m Bureau du personnel 1 2 Bureau central '. 4 4 / le"-bureau. — Travail des départements 1 1 2e bureau. — Timbre. — Cautionnements. — l'e division. / Budget -i 1 ) 3e bureau. — Droits de transmission. — Impôt f sur le revenu. — Taxe d'accroissement I i 2 | 1er bureau. — Actes civils et sous seing 3 I privé 1 1 2e division. / 2» bureau.— Actes judiciaires et extrajndi-' / j ciaires I 4 » I 3° bureau —Mutations par décès 1 1 d i 1er bureau. — Ancienne liste civile. — FoI 3e division. rets ! 1 2 ( 2° bureau. — Domaine de l'Etat I 1 2 Direction générale des douanes. Hi2E? Vu t* rj h BUREAUX. _ _ =g _ .g _ ,_ i* <î °s ja_ Bureau central et du personnel i ^ * • !l,r bureau. -— Tarifs et conventions i ^ 2e bureau. — Navigation. — Admissions! I temporaires. — Colonies I I 1 3« bureau. — Statistique commerciale ( . 2 l * 4» bureau. — Régimes spéciaux / ( * * , l*r bureau. — Service général. — Frontières! 1 d'eau...: I 1 1 2° division. 1 2e bureau. — Ports et côtes...,. | | 1 2 / 3« bureau. — Contentieux J 1 1 l *• bureau. —Comptabilité et matériel / 1 * 1 2 9 12 RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. — 4 er DÉCEMBRE 1 900. S73 Direction générale des contributions indirectes. r . « 11, Il s g s s BUREAUX. | c gfe g j? J,| S to " £ ■§ §■§ Bureau central 1 » ) ler bureau. —Nominations 1 3 Personnel., f 2e bureau. ■— Bureaux de tabac. — Recettes j buralistes 1 1 , le'bureau. — Service général. — Départej Départej du Nord et de l'Est 1 i I 2e bureau. — Service général. — Départe1 Départe1 du Centre I 1 1 . ,. . . | 3e bureau. — Service général. — Départe: 1« division. ; menls du Midi 1 2 / 1 1 J 4e bureau. — Service général. — Départe-/ / ments de l'Ouest ■ 1 1 f 5e bureau.—Sucres et distilleries. (Législation et l exécution du service. — Services spéciaux).. ' 1 1 ! 1er bureau. —Législation et statistique générales 1 2 2e bureau. — Contentieux 1 2 3e bureau. — Comptabilité et matériel ' 1 1 4» bureau.— Octrois 1 1 1 2 12 15 Direction générale des manufactures de l'État. ■ « • S S g _• „ |ë il §3"! gl 1g s BUREAUX. Si || ,i_S || _â .g Bureau central et du personnel » 1 d ' » Service de l'inspection 2 » » s ilQr bureau.—Achats. — I Magasins de transit.../ " Il » 2= bureau. — Culture...[ ' ] » 1 ' _ j> I 1er bureau. — Manufactu- 4 2 res de tabacs [ ] » 1 _ 1 2° bureau. — Comptabi-l I lite-matieres et deniers. 1 1 » 1 „ » 3e bureau. — Manufacj tures d'allumettes...'.. ' » 1 1 „ ' 12 2 6 5 1 874 RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. —-. 30 NOVEMBRE, 3, 4,-7, .9 DÉCEMBRE 1900. Administration des monnaies et médailles (1) (Service administratif). CHEFS CONSERVABUREAUX. CONSERVABUREAUX. DE SECTION TElra nu du musée secrétariat. monétaire. ( lre section. —Personnel. — CorresBureau CorresBureau secréJ pondance r tariat. j 2° section. — Comptabilité. — Ma-> 1 2 j [ tériel. — Service intérieur i. Musée monétaire et commandes de médailles. I j (1) L'administration des monnaies et médailles comprend deux services distincts : 1' Le service administratif qui est seul mentionné ci-dessus ; 2» Le service d'exploitation ou service technique (le recrutement du personnel de ce service est rési par un règlement spécial). 1 3. Le ministre des finances est chargé de l'exécution du présent-décret qui sera publié au Journal officiel et annexé au décret du 4er décembre 4900, portant règlement sur l'organisation centrale du ministère des finances. 4=8 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi autorisant la ville de Lodëve(Hérault) à contracter un emprunt et à s'imposer extraordinairement (Journ. off. du 8 décembre 1900). 3=8 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret autorisant le département du Rhône à élever le taux d'intérêt de l'emprunt qu'il a été habilité à contracter par déc. du 7 juillet 1900, à reporter le point de départ de l'amortissement de cet emprunt et à s'imposer extraordinairement (Journ. off. du 8 décembre 1900). 30 NOVEMBRE — 8 DÉCEMBBE 1900. ■— Décret . déclarant d'utilité publique le prolongement de la ligne n° 1 des tramways de Lyon (Journ. off. du 8 décembre 1900). 4 =8 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret supprimant te conseil de prud'hommes de Privas (Ardèche) (Journ. off.au 8 décembre 1900). 7 = 9 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret relatif à l'ouverture des travaux sur les deux sec* tions de chemin de fer de Yiétry à Laokay et de Ninh-Binh à Giem-Quinh (Journ. off. du 9 décembre 1900). Le Président de la République, vu, etc., décrète : Art. 1er. Est autorisée l'ouverture des travaux sur la section de Viétry à Laokay et sur la section de Ninh-Binh à Giem-Quinh (Indo-Chine). 2. Le ministre des colonies est chargé, etc. 9 = 10 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi relative à l'augmentation de la flotte (1) (Journ. off. du 10 d écembre 1900). (1) Projet relatif à l'augmentation de la flotte, présenté à la Chambre des députés par MM. de Lanessan, ministre de la marine et Cailloux, ministre des finances, le 30 janvier 1900 (J. O. des 24 et 27 février, n° 1375, p. 448). Proposition tendant au même but déposée par M. Fleury-Ravarin, le '14 février 1900 (J. O. du le' mars, n" 1419, p. 516). Rapport deM. Le Moigne, sur le projet et la proposition réunis, le 10 avril 1900 (J. O. des 12 et 17 juin, n« 1599, p. 1071). Avis de la commission du budget, présenté par M. Le Moigne, le 7 juin 1900 (Ce document n'a pas encore été inséré dans les annexes du J. O. Voy. à la fin du volume). Déclaration d'urgence, discussion et adoption les 25, 26, 29, 30 juin 1900 (J. O. des 26, 27, 30 juin et 1er juillet). Présentation au Sénat, le 2 juillet 1900 (n° 266) (Ce document n'a pas encore été inséré dans les annexes du J. O. Voy. à la fin du volume) Rapport de M. Godin, 'e 22 novembre 1900 (n» 351) (Ce document n'a pas encore été inséré dans les annexes du J. O. Voy. à la fin du volume). Avis de la commission des finances présenté par M. Godin, Ie27 novembre 1900 (n° 371) (Ce document n'a pas encore été inséré dans les annexes du J. O. Voy. à la fin dw volume). Déclaration d'urgence, discussion et adoption, les 4, 6, 7 décembre 1900 (X O. des 5, 7 et 8). RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. •#30 NOVEMBRE, 9 DÉCEMBRE 4900. 878 Art. 1er. Le ministre de la marine est autorisé à faire construire dans les arsenaux ou à commander à l'industrie les bâtiments ci-après désignés dont la dépense totale est évaluée à 526,336,000 fr., savoir : 6 cuirassés d'escadre de 14,868 tonneaux; 5 croiseurs cuirassés de '12,600 tonneaux; 28 con tretorpilleurs de 305 tonneaux environ ; enfin des torpilleurs, sous-marins et submersibles, dont le nombre sera ultérieurement déterminéet dont la dépense totale s'élèvera à 118,300,000 francs. • 2. Les crédits relatifs aux constructions neuves de la marine prévues au budget de 1900 ou autorisées par la présente loi seront de 762,212,000 fr. et devront être employés avant le 1 er janvier 1907. If sera pourvu aux dépenses autorisées par la présente loi à l'aide des ressources ordinaires du budget de chaque exercice. A chaque projet de budget sera annexé un tableau indiquant la part de dépenses imputable au présent programme. 3. Les crédits ou portions de crédits qui n'auront pu être consommés à la fin d'un exercice seront reportés par la loi, avant le 31 mars de la seconde année, à l'exercice suivant où ils conserveront leur affectation primitive. 30NOVEMBRE = 10 DÉCEMBRE 1900. —Décret déclarant d'ut'lité publique les travaux de construction d'un quai à Hennebont (Morbihan) (Journ. off. du 10 décembre 1900). 9 = 11 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi relative aux récompenses supplémentaires à décerner à l'occasion des événements de Chine (Journ. off. du 11 décembre 1900). Article unique. A l'occasion des événements de Chine, le Gouvernement est autorisé, conformément à l'art. 2, § 2, de la loi du 18 janvier 1897, à ajouter sur la réserve quinze croix de chevalier au contingent accordé par la loi du 10 juillet 1900. 9 = 11 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi modifiant l'article 57 de la loi du 13 mars 1875 (Cadres et effectifs de l'armée active et de l'armée territoriale) (l) (Jou}-n. off. du 11 décembre 1900). Article unique. Le premier paragraphe de l'art. 87 de la loi du 13 mars 1878, relative à la constitution des cadres et des effectifs de l'armée active et de l'armée territoriale, est remplacé par le suivant : « A égalité de grade, les officieras, fonctionnaires ou agents de l'armée active ont le commandement _sur les ' officiers, fonctionnaires ou agents dé l'armée territoriale. Ceux ayant déjà servi dans l'armée active avec le grade dont ilssont revêtus dans l'armée territoriale conserventlesdroits.au commandement que leur conférait leur rang d'ancienneté au moment où ils ont quitté l'armée.'» 9 = 11 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi créant 'îeux compagnies de sapeurs-mineurs et une compagnie de sapeurs de chemin defer et modifiant l'organisation des troupes du génie (2) (Journ. off. du 11 décembre 1900). (1) Présentation à la Chambre des députés, par M. de Freycinet, ministre de la guerre, le 2 février 1599 (J. O. du 9 mars, n» 703, p. 569j. Rapport de M. le lieutenant-colonel Gaérin, le l«r juin 1900 (J. O. du 26, n» 1673, p. 1192). Adoption sans discussion, le 7 juillet 1900 (J.O. du 8). Présentation au Sénat, le 9 juillet 1900 (J. O. du 17 décembre, n° 304, p. 701). Rapport de M. Perrier, le 23 novembre 1900 (n« 364) [Ce document n'a pas encore été inséré dans les annexes du J. O. Voy. à la fin du volume). Adoption sans discussion, le 27 novembre 1900 (J. O.du 28). « Aux termes des art. 43 et 57 de la loi du 13 mars 1875, les officiers de l'armée active, ont, a grade égal, le commandement sur les officiers de réserve et sur ceux de l'armée territoriale. L'article 43 dispose toutefois, mais en faveur des seuls officiers de réserve, que ceux de ces officiers qui ont déjà servi dans l'armée active & conservent les droits au commandement que leur conférait leur rang d'ancienneté au moment où ils ont quitté l'armée ». « Il nous a paru équitable d'étendre cette disposition aux officiers de l'armée territoriale, puisque, par application de la loi du 21 janvier 1890, ils peuvent être appelés à servir dans les rangs de l'armée active. (Exposé des motifs). (2) Présentation à la Chambre des députes, par M. le général de Galliffet, ministre de la guerre, le 22 mai 1900 (J. O. du 12 juin, n» 1642, p. 1070).Rapport àeM. le lieutenant 576 RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. —7 DÉCEMBRE 1900. Art. 1er. il est créé dans l'arme du génie deux compagnies de sapeurs-mineurs et une compagnie de sapeurs de chemin de fer. 2. Les compagnies de sapeurs-mineurs, d'ancienne et de nouvelle formation, ont la composition prévue au tableau annexé à la présente loi. 3. La compagnie de sapeurs de chemin de fer nouvellement formée a la composition déterminée par la loi du 11 juillet 1889. 4. Les compagnies du génie stationnées en Algérie et en Tunisie sont groupées en un bataillon distinct de ceux déjà créés. Les compagnies de sapeurs-mineurs affectées au service de l'aérostation sont également réunies en un bataillon qui.prend le titrede bataillon d'aérosliers. Le cadre de chacun des régi ments auxquels ces deux bataillons sont rattachés est ausmeiité, à cet effet, d'un chefdebataillon, d'un adjudant de bataillon et d'un caporal clairon ou tambour. Le cadre de l'ëtat-major particulier du génie est diminué de deux chefs de bataillon. • 8. Les compagnies du génie sont réparties entre les bataillons, selon les nécessités du service, par décret du Président de la République. 7=11 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi ayant pour objet de comprendre les sous-directeurs, agents comptables des haras et dépôts d'étalons dansla nomenclature du tableau B annexé à la loi du 15 juillet 1899 sur la recrutement de l'armée (1) (Journ. off. dull décembre 1900). colonel Guérin, le 1" juin 1900 (J. O. du 26, n" 1672, p. 1192). Avis de la commission du budget présenté par M. Raiberli, le 29 juin 1900 (J. O. du 13 septembre, n° 1771, p. 1626). Adoption sans discussion, le 7 juillet 1900 (J. O. du 8). Présentation au Sénat, le 9 juillet 1900 (J. O. du 17 décembre, n° 305, p. 704). Rapport de jlf. Guyol, lo 22 novembre 1900 (n° 366) (Ce document n'a pas encore été inséré dans les annexes du J. O. Voy. à la fin du volume). Adoption sans discussion, le 27 novembre 1900 (J. O. du 28). « L'envoi qui a été récemment fait dans nos possessions du nord de l'Afrique d'un certain nombre d'unités du génie, qu'il est absolument indispensable d'y maintenir, a créé dans les formations de l'armée métropolitaine des vides qu'il importe de combler. D'autre part, tous les bataillons du génie doivent aux termes des lois et règlements en vigueur comprendre quatre compagnies. Cette règle absolue, qui ne répond à aucune nécessité du temps de guerre, présente par contre de sérieux inconvénients pour le service du pied de paix. « Pour y remédier, il conviendrait d'admettre que ces compagnies pourront être réparties entre les bataillons, selon les besoins, par décret du Président de la République. « De plus, les quatre compagnies de sapeursmineurs actuellement affectées au service de l'aérostation militaire appartiennent aux quatre premiers régiments du génie, qui tiennent garnison à Arras, Versailles, Grenoble et Montpellier. Cette dispersion offre de sérieux inconvénients tant au point de vuedesprogrës techniques qu'à celui du commandement. Il y aurait donc intérêt réel à grouper ces quatre compagnies en un bataillon qui serait rattaché à l'un des régiments du génie. « De même, il serait avantageux de réunir en un bataillon les compagnies du génie stationnées en Algérie et en Tunisie, qui comptent actuellement à trois régiments stationnés en France, il y aurait de ce fait unité de commandement. « Enfin, les compagnies de sapeurs-mineurs n'ont pas d'adjudant de compagnie. La création de cet emploi s'impose pour ces unités au même degré que pour les compagnies d'infanterie et de sapeurs de chemins de fer, qui en ont été dotées par les lois des 25 juillet 1887 et 11 juillet 1889. <t D'un autre côté, il a été reconnu que, sauf pour les compagnies qui fournissent des détachements alpins, le nombre des sergents des compagnies de sapeurs-mineurs peut, sans aucun inconvénient, être réduit de huit à six (Exposé des motifs). La Commission du budget a été d'avis que; lo La dépense de première mise de 223,000 francs devra être couverte, sans augmentations de crédits, par les ressources du budget de la guerre. 2° L'augmentation de 61.000 francs qui devrait figurer au budget de 1901 et se répéter dans les budgets suivants, devra être compensée par une économie d'égale importance à réaliser par des suppressions ou fusions d'emploi dans les cadres de l'arme du génie. Le Ministre de la Guerre a déclaré au rapporteur de la Commission du budget qu'il était d'accord avec elle sur ces deux points et a pris l'engagement de réaliser l'économis -demandée. La Commission, après en avoir pris acte, a donné un avis favorable au projet. (1) Présentation à la Chambre des députés, par MM. de Freycinet, ministre de laguerre, ~ BÉPUBLIQUB FRANÇAISE. — 30 NOVEMBRE, 3, 5, 9, 42 DÉCEMBRE 4900. 577 Article unique. Les sous-directeurs, .agents comptables du service des haras ut dépôts d'étalons sont compris ■dans la nomenclature du tableau B annexé à la loi du <îo juillet 4889 sur le recrutement de l'armée. iÔ NOVEMBRE = 11 DÉCEMBRE 1900. •— Décret ouvrant au ministre des travaux publics, au titre du budget annexe des chemins de fer de l'Etat, pour l'exercice 1900, un crédit supplémentaire de 4,931 fr. 19 c, pour être affecté aux dépenses des exercices périmés non^frappées de déchéance et aux dépenses des exercices clos (Journ. off. du 11 décembre 3900). 3~ 11 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret déclarant d'utilité publique ^'établissement, dans le département de la Seine-Inférieure, d'une ligne de tramway entre Bois-Guillaume et Rouen [Journ. off. du Jl décembre 1900). 5=11 DÉCEMBRE 1900.— Décret approuvant la substitution de la compagnie du tramway électrique d'Eu au Tréport à la compagnie générale de traction, comme rétrocessionnaire du tramway d'iSu au Tréport, avec embranchement sur Mers (Journ. off. du 11 décembre 1900). 5 — IL DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret qui supprime le conseil de prud'hommes de Chazellessur-Lyon (Lpire) (Jour?7. off. du 11 décembre 1900J. 3 ==: 12 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret qui déclare d'utilité publique l'établissement, dans le département des Bouches-du-Rhône, d'une ligne de tramway entre MarseilIe-l'Ertuque et Sausset, avec embranchement du Val-de-Ricard à Châteauneuf-les-Martigues (Journ. off. du 12 décembre 1900). 9 =. 12DÉCEMBRE 1900.— Décret qui approuve les modifications apportées aux statuts de la Société d'assurances mutuelles sur la vie « la solidarité administrative » dont le siège est à Paris (Journ. off. du 12 décembre 1900). 12 = 13 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi ayant pour objet le rachat des concessions de chemins de ferdela compagnie franco-algérienne (1) (Journ. off. du 13 décembre 1900). «t Yiger, ministrede l'agriculture, lelSmars 1899 (J. O. du 6 avril, n° S24, p. 929). Rapport de M. le lieutenant-colonel Guérin, le 28 février 1900 (J. O. dn 22 mars, n» 1468, p. 598). Adoption sans discussion, le 5 mars 1900 (J.-O. du 6). Présentation au Sénat le 13 mars 1900 (J.O. du 1er avril, n° 65, p.57). Rapport de'M.Dar*oï, le 23 novembre 3900 (n» 365) (Ce document n'apas encore été inséré dans les annexes dû J. O. Voy. à la fin du volume). Adoption sans discussion, le 27 novembre i900(J.O. du28). et La nomenclature des fonctionnaires et agents disponibles figurant au tableau B, annexé àlaloi du 15 juillet 1889 sur lorecrutement de l'armée, ne fait pas mention des sons-directeurs, agents-comptables des haras •et dépôts d'étalons. Elle ne comprend pour flatte administration que les directeurs et les gagistes. «Par suite de cette lacune, ou, pour mieux dire,.de cette omission, les sous-directeurs,, agents-comptables des haras, se trouven t dans "obligation de rejoindre immédiatement leur .poste militaire en cas de mobilisation générale. <*Cet état de choses présente, pour le service des haras, les plus graves inconvénients. G Le départ des sous-directeurs, qui sont en ^ême temps les agents-comptables de l'administration des haras, entraînerait forcé1900. forcé1900. ment l'arrêt immédiat du service financier des établissements par suite de l'impossibilité de confier leurs attributions spéciales à d'autres fonctionnaires. « Les directeurs des dépôts d'étalons, en leur qualïtéd'adminis.trateurs, ne peuvent en effet, aux termes des lois de finances, être substitues aux agents-comptables. ce D'autre part, les surveillants, en raison de leur'âge, sont appelés à-rejoindre leur corps dès le premier jour do 3a mobilisation. «Enl'état actuel, l'Administration se trouverait donc dans l'absolue impossibilité de pourvoir à l'exécution du service financier de ses établissements et d'assurer môme la nourriture des reproducteurs nationaux dont elle alagarde. «Ces considérations, d'ordre très sérieux, nous déterminent à soumettre à vos délibérations le projet de loi dont la teneur suit et qui a pour objet de classer dans la non-disponibilité, comme d'ailleurs tous les agents similaires des autres administrations, les sous-directeurs, agents-comptables du service des haras (Exposé des motifs), (1) Présentation à la Chambre des députés, par MM. Baudin, ministre des travaux publics, Waldeck-Rousseau, président du conseil, ministre de Vinlêrieur et des cultes, et Gaillaux, ministre des finances, le 12 avril 1900 (J. O. du 12 juin, u« 1638, p. 1068). Rapport de M. Camille Krantz, le 4 juillet 1900 (J. O. du 16 décembre, n° 1S12; p. 2525) ; 37 S78 REPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. 7, 42 DÉCEMBRE 1900. Art. 4er. Le ministre des travaux publics est autorisé à opérer le rachat des concessions de chemins de fer de la compagnie franco-algérienne;soit d'office, conformément aux clauses du cahier des charges de Ja concession, soit à l'amiable, s'il peut traiter avec des représentants de la compagnie régulièrement investis des pouvoirs nécessaires. 2. Le ministre des travaux publics est. autorisé à pourvoir provisoirement à r exploitation des lignes rachetées par tels moyens qu'il jugera plus avantageux pour ie Trésor. Un décret déterminera les conditions dans lesquelles s'effectuera cette exploitation provisoire. 3. Il sera pourvu provisoirement aux dépenses qu'entraînerait, en 4900, le rachat et l'exploitation des lignes au moyen de ressources prélevées sur la dette flottante. 4. En cas de rachat à l'amiable, la convention intervenue devra être ratifiée par une loi. II sera statué également par une loi sur le régime définitif auquel seront soumises les lignes rachetées. 12 = 13 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret convoquant le collège électoral de ATontmédy (Meuse) à l'effet d'élire un député [Journoff. du 13 décembre 1900). 7 = 13 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret rendant exécutoire en Algérie la loi du 27 juillet 1900, relative à la transformation en une taxe proportionnelle des droits perçus sur les formalités hypothécaires (Journ. offAn 13 décembre 1900). Le Président de la République, vu, etc., décrète: Art. 4^. La loi du 27 juillet 4900est déclarée exécutoire en Algérie. La taxe de remplacement établie parcelle adoption, après discussion, le 22 novembre . 1900 (J. O. du 23). Présentation au Sénat, le 27 novembre 1900 (n° 372). [Ce ^document n'a pas encore été inséré dans les annexes du J. O. Voy. à la fin du volume). Rapport de M. Monesîier, le 6 décembre 1900 (n° 393). (Ce document n'a pas encore élé inséré dans les annexes du J. O. Voy. à la fin du volume). Adoption sans discussion, le 11' décembre 1900 {J. O. du 12). ffL'Etatapoursuivil'exétiution, dansle sud de la province d'Oran, du chemin de fer d'Aïn-SefraàDjenien-Bou-Rezg et à Duveyrier. « Ce chemin de f^r, déjà, achevé en partie, pourra être ouvert en entier dans un délai prochain. L'occupation d'In-Salah et les opérations militaires entreprises dansla direction, d'Igli exigent qu'il puisse être utilisé aussitôt après son achèvement etqu'on puisse ie prolonger le plus rapidement possible. Or, l& situation actuelle de la Compagnie franco-algérienne qui pourrait seule se charger de l'exploitation, puisqu'elle est concessionnaire de la ligne d'Arze^w à Saïda et à Aïn-Sefra. no permet pas de conclure un traité avec elle. « Cette compagnie, tombée précédemment en faillite, ne subsiste qu'en vertu d'un concordat. Elle a depuis quelques années amélioré sa situation financière, mais des dissensions intestines ont éclaté dans son sein; les porteurs dictions sont divisés en deux partis qui tous deux prétendent posséder la majorité statutaire aux assemblées générales et ont porté le litige devant les tribunaux. „ « L'Administration ne trouverait donc devant elle aucun représentant autorisé pour signer valablement une convention d'exploitation. «Dans ces conditions, le rachat du réseau de la Compagnie s'impose. Il permettra d'ailleurs très probablement de réaliser des économies annuelles assez sérieuses sur les charges qu'entraîne la garantie d'intérêt, «Nous vous demandons l'autorisation de procéder immédiatement à ce rachat, soit d'office, en appliquant les clauses du cahier, , des charges de la concession, soit à l'amiable, au cas oh la Compagnie (si la liquidation judiciaire en était de nouveau prononcés) se trouverait en situation de traiter valablement. Le règlement du rachat à l'amiable présen•, terait l'avantage de liquider plus rapidement l'opération et d'éteindre des litiges actuelle> ment pendants devant le Conseil d'Etat, La { convention que nous conclurions serait d'ailleurs soumise à votre approbation. «Nous vous demandons de nous autoriser : 1° A organiser provisoirement l'exploitation du réseau racheté; 2° à pourvoir à la dépense que pourra entraîner, en 1900, le rachat d'off fice et l'exploitation provisoire du réseau, au moyen de prélèvements sur la dette flottante. <c Mais nous ne comptons user que dans > une très faible mesure de cette double auto^ risation. Les payements que nous aurons à , ~ faire seront compenses en grande partie par une diminution delà garantie d'intérêt. Notre intention est, en outre^ de passer le plus tôt possible un traité d'affermage que nous vous ■ présenterons dès qu'il aura pu être conclu. ■(Expose des motifs). A RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. — 30 "NOVEMBRE, 7, 9, 40 DÉCEMBRE 4900. S79 loi sera perçue en Algérie dans les mêmes conditions qu'en France, sans qu'il y ait lieu d'y appliquer la disposition de l'art. 2 de l'ordonnance du 19 octobre 4844. • t. Le ministre desfinances et le gouverneur général de l'Algérie sont chargés, etc. 1 = 13 DÉCEMBRE 1900.— Décret ouvrant, à partir du I" janvier 1901, au service des colis postaux sans déclaration de valeur, les bureaux de poste français de Pékin, Tien.tsin, Chefou et Hankéou (Chine), et axant la taxe à payer par les expéditeurs (Journ. off. du 13 décembre 1900). Le Président de la République, vu, etc., décrète: Art. 4M. Apartirdu 4 er janvier 4904, les bureaux de poste français établis à Pékin, Tientsin, Chefou et Hankéou (Chine) participeront au service des colis postaux sans déclaration de valenr et ne dépassant pas le poids de 5 kilogr. 2.La taxe à payer par les expéditeurs des colis postaux auxquels s'applique le présent décret sera perçue conformément aux tarifs ci-annexés. 3. Le ministredu commerce, de l'industrie, des postes et des télégraphes est chargé, etc. ■9s:13 DÉCEMBRE 1900.— Décret modifiant lea attributions du conseil de prud'hommes de Bordeaux en ce qui concerne les professions de cuisiniers de restaurants, hôtels, cafés et leurs patrons, pâtissiers,glaciers, et coiffeurs Qourn. off. du 13 décembre 1900). 30 KOVEMEEE =: 13 DÉCEMBKE 1900. — Décret rendant applicables dans tous les quartiers du 5e arrondissement maritime les dispositions du décret du 11 avril 1900, qui habilita les agents du service actif des douanes à la recherche et à la constatation des délits de pèche à la dynamite' commis dans le quartier maritime de Marseille (Journ. o/T. du-13 décembre 1900). Le Président de la République, vu, etc., décrète : Art. 4er.-Les dispositions du décret susvisé du 44 avril 4900 habilitant les agents du service actif des douanes à rechercher et à constater, dans les limite du quartier maritime de Marseille, concurremment avec les fonctionnaires «agents désignés à l'art. 46, § 4er( de la loi du 9 janvier 1852 sur la. pâche côtière, les infractions, aux p'resr criptions du décr. du 5 novembre 4894, portant interdiction d'employer la dynamite comme procédé de pêche, sont rendues applicablesàtous les quartiers du Bsarrondissementmaritime,ycompris ceux de la Corse. 2. Le ministredé la marine est chargé, etc. 10 := 13 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret modifiant l'organisation de la justice à Madagascar (Journ. off. du 13 décembre 1900). . Le Président de la République, vu, etc., décrète : Art. 4er. La cour d'appel de Madagascar se compose d'un président, de trois conseillers et d'un greffier. Les arrêlssont rendus par troismagistrats, président compris. 2. Sont abrogées toutes dispositions contraires au présent décret. 3. Le ministre des colonies et le garde des sceaux, ministre de la justice, sont chargés, etc. 9'= 14 DÉCEMBRE 1900. —Décret fixant pour la Tunisie, le prix de vente de la poudre à feu spéciale dite « pulvérin » (Journ. off. du 14 décembre 1900). 9 = 14 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret relatif à la correspondance en franchise des fonctionnaires (Journ. off. du 14 décembre 1900). Le Président de la République, vu, etc., décrète : Art. 4er. Les fonctionnaires publics ne jouissant pas de la franchisé postale sous plis fermés sont, à titre facultatif, autorisés à faire emploi d'enveloppes ouvertes pour leur correspondance officielle expédiée en exemption de taxe. 2. La suscription de ces enveloppes est réservée à l'adresse du destina. taire, au contreseing du fonctionnaire^ expéditeur et, au besoin, à la désignation imprimée ou manuscrite du service ou de l'administration auquel appartient le contresignataire. 3. Les correspondances placées sous enveloppes ouvertes restent soumises ' à toutes les conditions imposées par l'ordonnance du 47 novembre 4844 • qui ne sont pas contraires aux dispo• siiions qui précèdent. 580 BÉPUBLIQUB FRANÇAISE. —7, 4 4, 4 4 DÉCEMBRE"! 900. • 4. Le ministre du commerce, de" l'industrie, des postes et des télégraphes, est chargé, etc. 11 =14 DÉCEMBRE 1900. —Décret accordant le droit à. l'obtention do la médaille coloniale (Journ. off. du 1-4 décembre 1900). Le Président de la République, vu, etc., décrète : Art. 4er. Le droit à l'obtention de la médaille coloniale avec l'agrafe « Sahara » est acquis aux militaires européens et indigènes et aux goumiers qui ont fait partie de la colonne organisée pour le soutien et le ravitaillement de la missiorf de MM. Foureau et Lamy et qui a opéré entre Temassinine et Tadent du mois d'octobre 4898 au mois de mars 4899 inclus. 2. Le ministre de la-guerre est chargé, etc. 7 = 15 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret modifiant l'art. 3 du décret du 16 juillet 1897 relatif à la nomination •des chimistes dans les laboratoires laboratoires douanes et des contributions indirectes (Journ. off. du 15 décambre 1 1900). | Le Président de la République, vu ; etc., décrète : . ' Art. 4er. L'art. 3 du déc. du 46 juillet 4897 est modifié ainsi qu'il suit: 1 «Le chef du service des laboratoires' I est nommé par décret du.Président j de la République, sur la proposition du ministre des finances. Les chimistes ' en chef," chimistes et chimistes slagiaires sont nommés par arrêtés ministériels, sur la proposition du chef du service des laboratoires. Sont nommés par le chef du service des laboratoires, sous le contrôle du ministre des finances, les titulaires des emplois inférieurs àceux ci-dessus désignés. 2. Le ministre des finances est chargé, etc. 14 = 16 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi ayant pour , objet d'exempter du timbre les rôles deli, cenees municipales (I) (Journ. off. de < 16 décembre 1900). I*' (1) Présentation à la Ohambredes députés, par M. Peylral, ministre des finances, le 15 décembre 1898 (J; O. du 30, n» 531; p. 542). Rapport de M. Guillain,eS juillet 1900 (J. O. du 8 novembre, n» 1826, p. 1703). Adoption sans discussion, le 9 juillet 1900 (J. O. du 10). Présentation au Sénat, le 6 novembre 1900 (n° 344). (Ce document n'a pas encore été inséré dans les annexes du J. O. Vôy. à la fin du volume). Rapport de M. Dubost, le 23 novembre 3900 (n° 363). (Ce document n'a pas encore été inséré dans les annexes du J. O. Voy. à la fin du volumes. lre délibération, adoption sans discussion, le 30 novembre 1900 (J. O. du 1er décembre), 2e délibération, adoption sans discussion, le 11 décembre 1900 (J. O. du 12), Le rapport de M, Guillain, est ainsi conçu : ■ <z Le Gouvernement propose d'exempter du droit de timbre les rôles de licences municipales. Il justifie cette exemption par les considérations suivantes : « L'art. 4 de la.loi du 29 décembre 1897 autorise les communes à créer, en remplacement des droits d'octroi supprimés, un certain nombre détaxes nouvelles et notamment une licence municipale établie, à la charge des commerçants de boissons, en addition du droit de licence actuellement perçu pour le compte du Trésor. Aux termes du règlement d'administration publique rendu, le 16 juin 1S9S, pour l'exécution de cette disposition, les contrôleurs des contributions directes. procèdent annuellement, de concert avec la maire, à la formation des matrices des Iicen.ces municipales (art. 13), les rôles primitifs et supplémentaires sont établis par le directeur des contri butions directes et rendus exécutoires par le Préfet (art. 15); enfin, les frais d'assiette, d'impression et d'expédition des matrices et des rôles sont à la charge des communes (art. 18). ce Les licences municipales ayant essentiellement le caractère de taxes locales et facultatives, les rôles qui sont émis pour en assurer,le recouvrement seraient, en principe, passibles de l'impôt du timbre conformément à la règle générale établie par l'art. 12 de la loi du 13 brumaire an VII. Mais l'application de cette règle aurait pour effet d'aggraver sensiblement les frais da recouvrement incombant aux communes el pourrait ainsi, dans une certaine mesure, détourner les municipalités de recourir à une taxe que le Gouvernement considère comme l'une des plus recommandables parmi celles qui figurent au nombre des ressources indiquées par la loi du 29 décembre 1897. « Ce motif nous a déterminés à proposer, en faveur des rôles de licences municipale . l'immunité du droit de timbre. j « Les rôles des taxes locales sont, eu pn"' j cipe, assujettis à l'impôt du timbre para j que l'exigibilité de ce droit s'étend ans | rôles detout.es les taxes dont l'établissement ', est laissé à l'initiative des pouvoirs locaW]■ RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE. — 41, 44 DÉCEMBRE 4900. 581 Article unique. Sont dispensés du timbre les rôles émis pour le recou, vrementdes licences municipales dont l'établissement est -autorisé par l'art. 5, § 8, delà loi dû 29 décembre 4897, en addition au droit de licence perçu pour le compte du Trésor. 14 = 16 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi portant auto' risation de décerner des croix de la Légion d'honneur et des médailles militaires, à titra exceptionnel (Journ. off. du 16 décembre 1900). ' Art. 1er. Le Gouvernement est autorisé à faire, dans l'ordredela Légion d'honneur, des nominations et des promotions imputabj.es sur la réserve créée par l'art. 2 de la loi du 28 janvier 4887 et par l'art. 4er de la loi du 10 avril 1897, dont le nombre ne pourra dépasser: 1° au tilre civil, Irait chevaliers ; 2° au tilre militaire, un commandeur, un officier, quatre chevaliers. 2. Le Gouvernement est autorisé à conférer trois médailles militaires imputables sur la réserve créée par l'art. 1™ de la loi du 40 avril 1897. 14 = 16 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Lois autorisant les villes d'Aix (Bouches-du-RhÔne), de Châlons-sur-Marne (Marne) et d'Argenteuil (Seine-et-Oise) à contracter des emprunts et à s'imposer extraor.iinairement (Journ. off. du 16 décembre 1900). 14 = 16 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi autorisant la tille de Dijon (CÔte-d'Or) à contracter un emprunt (Journ. off. du 16 décembre 1900). 14 = 16 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi approuvant un engagement pris par la ville de Bergerac (Dordogne) (Journ. off. du 16 décembre 1900). 14 = 16 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Loi autorisant la ville de Châteauroux (Indre) à. s'imposer extraordinairement (Journ. off. du 16 décembre 1900). 44 = 16 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Lois autorisant les villes d'Angers (Maine-et-Loire) à élever le taux d'mtéiêt des emprunts autorisés par les lois du 10 février 1900 et du 28 juin 1899 et de Bayonne (Basses-Pyrénées) à élever le taux d'intérêt de l'emprunt autorisé par la loi du 7 juillet 1899 (Journ. off. du 16 décembre 1900;. 11 = 16 DÉCEMBRE 1900. — Décret appliquant plusieurs articles du décret du 18 novembre 1882 aux adjudications et marchés passés en Tunisie au nom del'Etat (Journ. off. du 16 décembre 1900). | 24,679 |
bpt6k4620345d_4 | French-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | L'Œuvre | None | French | Spoken | 7,396 | 13,887 | Le conseiller Bochart y a constamment songé. Il a posé la question à chacun des acteurs. Il a demandé, par. exemple, quel chirurgien avait soigné le blessé, et en quel lieu. Que les acteurs aient nié les .blessures autant . que la mort même,-,, cela faisait, partie . de leur concert préétabli ; et pourtant il y a çà et là un peu moins de fermeté dans la négation de ce point que' dans la négation des autres. Ainsi, le prieur Charost, au lieu de la négation pure et simple, objecte que: « ceux qui virent M. de La Pivar-,dière le 16, le virent sans blessure ».Bien sûr ! à condition que quel-, qu'un l'ait vu à Châteauroux ce'jour-là, et c'est ce qui n'est pas sûr du tout. Enfin, un aveu échappe èl l'accusé le moins compromis, au plus naïf, Nicolas Mercier : (c Le, sieur de La Pivardière n'a point été tué, mais il a été diablement étrillé. » M. de La Pivardière a été « diablement étrillé », et l'on a passé l'éponge, à cause des La Feuillage. des Chauvelin, des Menou,-des Humières. On a préféré ne par-, 1er que du crime capital, parce que le salut de Mme de La Pivardière était lié à cette fausseté, qui n'était qu'une exagération. -Son salut devenait moins certain si on le liait à l'accusation moins grave mais plus fondée de coups et blessures. Et puisqu'il y avait eu fausseté bien involontaire dans les témoignages sur la mort, la pauvre Marguerite Mercier, absolument innocente, elle seule paya pour tous. Mais qu'astre qu'une servante !... XVIII R. I. P. et un lis Touj'ours on désire connaître, la. fin des personnes qui furent les héros. secoués d'une étrange aventure. M. et Mme de La Pivardière, rendus à la liberté, ne reprirent point la vie commune. C'eût été la meilleure preuve d'authenticité que M. de La Pivardière pouvait fournir de sa personne. Mais l'étroite association des époux durant le procès cessa avec lui. GÉRARD-GAILLY. I Service des Charbons de LOW-UVRIE ! 9, RUE LOUIS-LE-GRAND, 0, PARIS. TEL. :: OPERA 86-40. BULLETIN DE COMMANDE du V twillez livrer pour paiement comptant à la livraison les charbons ci-dessous à l'adresse suivante Rue N° • »eaae»"w(ww Ville COMMANDE, « «arw^js^fr • «••*•••• « i • ' * '«r* -.r................. (matin après-midi toute la journée) TARIF HIVER 1936-1937 (provisoire et sans engagement) 2 tonnes 1.000 50 2 tonnes 1.000 50 et auà 1.950 à 950 et au.à. 1.950 à. 960 dessus kilos kilos dessus kilos kilos " CHARLEROI GRAINS ' Tète de Moineau . 400 405 20 75 Anglais sans cotation Gailletins 395 400 20 50 Ruhr « » 390 395 30 t5 Gailleterie t. 375 380 i9 60 Belge —••••»• 370 375 19 25 Braisettes 390 ! 395 20 25 BOULETS ' CC.. (anthraclteux) a» 325 18 75 , FLAMBANTS BOULETS...... gos 310 16 » Tête de Moineau 340 345 17 75 DE 7"; Gailletins 310 315 16 26 BRIQUETTES LIÛNITH 385 390 90 » Gros Criblé 320 325 16 75 ANTHRACINE 390 395 20 25 Petit Criblé..........,.............. 300 f 305 16 sois ! t traits 38 cm 3M 330 il » NOIX Anglais, Pays* de'Galles........*.sans cotation DOIS 3 traits 28 cm....... 330 M 17 25 Sélectionnés 450 455 23 25 COKE DE FOUR fJO/æ. 40/60, 60/90 315 390 le SO Ruhr 435 440 22 50 Belge 405 410 21 » CAILLETINS D'ANTHRACITE COKE DE GAZ Ne 0, 1 et 2 l'hecto au tours Anglais, Pays de Galles sans cotation ...... Sélectionnés 425 j 430 1 22 » LIGOTS RESINES.le paquet de 25 7 » Ruhr....... Belge................................ '''''' ................... 410 385 1 «» 1 S25. MARQOT.NS „ le p^et de 25 PRIX RENDU PARIS SERVICE D'IFIVIEU J Pour les livraisons I Pour livraisons en banlieue diminu er 30 francs par tonne. d'après-midi, remise de 0.10 par sac. BOURSE DE PARIS du 6 Octobre 1936 Des prises de bénéfices se sont produites à l'ouverture, mais par la suite, la tendance d'ensemble a été à nouveau terme. IL y a encore eu quelque agitation au début. Des dégagements ont pesé sur l'ensemble de la cote, sur les Rentes et va.leurs industrielles locales comme sur les titres d'arbitrage. Les écarts en hausse enregistrés depuis la réouverture du marché ont incité certains opérateurs à prendre leur bénéfice. Mais les offres ont été rapidement absorbées et le mouvement en avant a repris en séance. Il n'y a d'ailleurs rien de surprenant à ce que des remous se produisent encore, après les événements monétaires survenus dans les principaux pays européens. Mais peu à peu le marché tend à retrouver son équilibre. Déjà en clôture de cette séance, l'allure d'ensemble' était plus uniforme. Finalement nos Rentes se sont retrouvées à hauteur des niveaux de la veille; les 4 p. 100 1911 et 1918 et le 5 p. 100 1920 ont accusé de nouveaux progrès. Aux Banques, la Banque de France a terminé à 9.125. après 8.850, contre 9.300. la Banque de Paris à 1.170, après 1.150 et 1.175 contre 1.200. L'Union parisienne a coté 442, contre 295 le 25 septembre. Les valeurs d'électri.cité et les métallurgiques ont été plus irrégulières. On a pu coter les Charbonnages et les produits chimiques qui ne l'avaient pas encore été. Le Rio s'est inscrit à 1.870, après 1.798, contre 1.865. la Royal Dutch à 4.174, après 4.098, contre 4.100. le Foncier Egyptien à 3 834, après 3.785, contre 3.815, le Suez à 32.900, après 23.000 et 22.700. contre 22.450, la Central Mining à 2.537, après 2.520 et 2.505, contre 2.505. Nouvelle avance de l'obligation Young. En coulisse, la. tendance a été également ferme en clôture après un peu d'irrégularité au début. Au Marché des Changes, la livre sterling a fini à 104,98 contre 105,45 et le dollar à 21,39 contre 21,40. Deuxième séance au Parquet Tendance ferme. Informations financières phosphates tunisiens. — Expéditions du mois de septembre 15.771 tonnes contre 13.361 en septembre dernier; expéditions du ier juillet dernier à fin septembre: 50.745 tonnes contre 40.468 tonnes pour la. même période de l'an dernier. Minière, métallurgique de l'Indochine. — Le bilan de l'exercice 1935 fait ressortir un petit bénéfice contre une perte de 140.309 fr. pour 1934. Le Phénix (Incendie). — Un acompte de 25 fr. net par action (égal au précédent) sera mis en paiement le 3 novembre. Société générale foncière. — La Société a vendu pendant le mois de septembre 1936 pour 1.261.000 fr. de terrains contre 542.000 en septembre 1935. Produits azotés. — L'assemblée extraordinaire du 5 octobre a réduit le capital de 33 millions à 31.875.000 fr. par l'annulation de 4.500 actions remises à la Société à titre de compensation de créance. Minas Pedrazzini. — Perte de 1935: 70.521 francs portant le déficit total à 1.968.623 fr. Française d'éclairage et de chauffage par le gaz. —. Ventes de 1935-1936 : 23.371.993 m.c. de gaz contre 25.808.177 m.c. 52.665.556 kwh. c. 52.605.702; 205.188 m.c. d'eau contre 190.622. Production sidérurgique française en août. — La production française de fonte brute pendant le mois d'août s'est élevée à 468.000 tonnes contre 519.000 en juillet et 479.000 en août 1935. La production d'acier brut (lingots et moulages) a été de 462.000 contre 542.000 en juillet et 538.000 en août 1935. Naltagua. — Production de cuivre en septembre: 454 tonnes c. 521 tonnes en août et 435 en septembre 1935; pour les trois premiers mois de l'exercice 1936-1937: 1.503 tonnes contre 1.287 pour les mêmes mois de l'exercice précédent. VALEURS VALEURS | | || 1 précéd. C'ours 1 : Ail Parquet Z[ 470 500 490 .. . 760. 790. 850 A TERME juin 1923. 1923. 500" 510. isr EpA'Vfe!; a 3% 81 50 81 20 „ 1924. |0t . 508 .. Nord 5% série E. __ ' ' . ««â • • 3% amortissable 81 80 P.T.T. 5% 1928. 491.. 493.. Orléans 6% 1?|§ il? " 3 % amortis. ^r*AW<,929. 432.. 440.. Panama 12S-121 .. 4% 1917 81 65 à2 05 Ch. Fer. Et. 4% . • • j 4% 1918 80 75 81 75 19*9 376 370.. F on . I 5% 1920amort.. 106 30 06 70 Algér. 193 4%% Fonde , 4% 1925 (g. th.). 93 91 go Tunis. 1932 4$% |®2 itranv 4*4% 1932"r.A , 87 75 87 15 Maroc 1932f820.. étrangers 4Vè% 1932tr. 8 . 88 45 88. Indoc. 1932 41/à% 780 .. ■ • ■ Anglais 2*4%.... 81 . j " .. ! Ob. Tr. 4% 1933. 18 .. 9,67 .. Banque Indochine 3010 .. 3iàÔ • • Brésil 4% 18?9.. 17 40i 17 60 4% 1934: §12 : : 890 :: |N.CL.. 545 540 .. Chine 4% Réorj. 17 „ j}.. Mrr. 4Î4%1933. 937 939.. Crédit Fone. Col. 84.. 90 • Italien 3Và% 4%% 1^34 945.. 950.. ^bleïBtéé«&p.hi il " CAIss. autonome. 86? .. 871 . Ouest-Paris. (O-L). Banque de France. 9300 . 9125.. Sud-Lumière .... 140. 153,. Marché — d'Algérie... 5900 .. Téléphonés .. ,-l • • D — de Paris.. 1200 1170.. Gaz de Paris 285.. 300.. en Banque 1 ■— Un. Paris. 442 ACier. de Longwy. Comptoir d'Esc.. 870 X 870 !. Fives-Lllle. 748. A TERME 188 Crédit Foncier.. 2n4e 3100 Acier, de la Mar.. , 340 .. M ,. 33 50 ;?? Crédit Lyonnais.. ictc i650. SeneUe-Maubeugo .. •• Bons Mexicains.. < 208. j 192 SOCiété énérale. o?a 819 Châtillon-Comm. U56. Bruay......... 148 147 Rente Foncier... 810. ' Denain-Anzin.... ;." .. Caoutchouca (F.). 52 50 Suez 091e n 2290 6 Pont-à-Mousson.... 1400 .. Chartered ...... t150. 1166 • ".".'.."" 22900, Béchune 4350 .. 4450. De Beers ord.... l^fg 536.. Lro^ 750 ■ 89S Charb. duTonkhi. ® ; S°ldfle d 516 ; 1130. Midi ............. 720 ' 69r " Guergour ,, uotC^ 75, ' 80 75 Nord........... '20» • • Mokta cap ...... Huanchaca 17 50 ■■ Orléans " oên " Saint-Gobain .... ,,1056.. Huelva Copper... 14250 140 50 Saflta-Fé (Cie Fr.). -o. " 537 850 * " Kali Ste-Thérèse.. ««0 " 850.. agersfonteln .... 142 ^ 195 .. Métropolitain ... ' ' 1030 " " Port du Rosario.. 5jqo .. 4800 .. M8*1", •.• VillV 'i 2g 25 29 .. Lyonnaise d. Eaux. 1070 " ÎVIe " Messageries ord.. .. Lorra^e (Soc.)..J « 149 .. Distribution 1403 1385 .. omnibus .. 7t5.. Ha'»^Vdv159:: 161.. Générale d'Electr. 879 ' Cirages Français.. M'Xlcan Eagle ord "g 712.. Electricité Paris.. 1,2 ' fi2S ' * Cr. Franco-Canad. 4480 ..... 35 50 36 50 Electriclté Seine.. 625 ' 625 •• Sosnovic 330. ! • • P^X.« * 355?; 330.. Nord-Lumière ... 004" qis *' Hachette mro 2003.. Padang 339 320 Thomson-Houst. , 984 ' ??5 .. Olida 2080 •. Phosph. Constant. • J$5 &Sf8SSÏ:. 1 250. 249 897Schneider Mines de Cour..., et Cie.. lios •>«»:: Obligations Shell Rand 604"75 de Lens .. ^25.. Silva riant**. * • mi Bôléo ; ; ; • • 326 .. Ville Paris 1 871.. " 389 480 ' Tanganyika Ai " 129 50 Penarrôvi .101 .. — 1875.. 251 469 ' i??-" Terres Rouges ... 140. 12» Ku Imann 245 230 .. 1B92.. |51 .. 251.. Tharsis 296.. 293 • Gafx* .. 691 — 1898.. 300 • 3 0*. Transvaal ....... 289. jjj 5" HÎMnêi .668 — 3% 1910 240 253.. Tu bize PrM) 102 •• 109 50 Rhône'poul'enc.! ! 1150 .. t545 : ; 4 91 2. : 271 .. 265 .. Vieille Montaigne: 1250. ■ 1240 • • Air Réunis. BULLETIN COMMERCIAL du 6 octobre 1936 Bourse de Commerce En sucres après un début faible, les offres se sont raréfiées n séance de sorte oue le ton est devenu plus ferme et que la série du début a pu être complètement regagnée. En avoines marché peu actif, tendance faible cours en perte de 0.50 à 21 francs. FARINE FLEUR. — lncotée. Farine de consommation. — Cote officieuse de la farine établie par la Chambre syndicale de l'industrie meunière parisienne : 218. MAIS. — Incotés. SKIGLES. — lncotées, AVOINES. — DisDúnmle{ cote clflclelle) : i05 : courant. 105 75 vend. ; novembre, IC$ ÎSO rend. : décembre. 107-108 ; 3 de no-woobea. 109 payé ; 3 de décentre, 109 50 d'' février. 113 75-113 ; 3 de mars, 113 50 DavÁ. ORGES DE BRASSERIE. — Incotées. STTCRES. — Courant. 201-201 50 payes ; novembre. 203-203 50 payés ; décembre, 204 50-205 pavés : 3 de novembre, 204 50-205 : 3 de Janvier. 907 50-208 payés. cote officielle (oourtlers assermentés) ; 200 201. ALCOOLS LIBRES. — Marché suspendu. RTZ ET BRISURES. Inootés. HUILES DE LIN. — Disponible, 1nooté ; courant. 262 vend. ; novembre, 250 achet. ; novembre-décembre. 260 achat. ; 4 de novembre. 270-273 : 4 de janvier, 280-281 pay.i 4 dA mai. 284-284 50. HUILES DE COLZA. — Incotées. Halles Centrales Beurres des laiteries coopératives industrielles (du plus bas au plus haut) : Normandie. 12 à 15 le kilo ; Charente, Poitou, Touraine. 13 50 à 16 ; Autres provenances, il 5n A 14 50 : Malaxés Bretagne, 8 à 12 50. a.. e £i£as3fe et N-Orwvd». .M.'tItIII le mille : Bretagne. 400 à 620 ; Conserves, 450 à 620 ; Etrangers, incotés. < Fromaaes : Munster. 850 à 1.000 les 100 kilo* ; Gruvëre. 750 à 1.130 ; Hollande, 1.500 ; Camemberts Normandie. 150 à 300 14 cent : camemberts divers, 100 à 190 ; Romiefort 1.475 à 1.550 ; Port-Salut, 600 à 1.000. les 100 kilos. Viandes * bœuf. 3 fi 8 50 le kilo ; veau. 7 50 à il : mouton. 7 50 à 13 ; porc, 7 30 a jO. Marché du Havre Clôture. — Cotons : tendance à peine soutenue, ventes 26.200 balles. — Courant, 341 50 : novembre. 347 ; décembre. 350 50 ; ianvier. 350 50 ; février, 351 50 ; mars, 353 : avril. 353 ; mai, 353 ; juin, 352 50 ; iuiliet 354 : août. 354 : septembre, 353. Cafis ; tendance facile, ventes 7.750 sacs. — Courant. 153 50 : novembre, 156 ; décembre 157 75 : lanvier. 157 75 ; février, 160 ; mars 160 25 ; avril, Î01 50 ; mai, 163 ; juin 164 50 : juillet. 165 50 : août, 165 50 ; septembre. 167 50. Métaux à Londres Antimoint : de Chine régulus, 45 47. Cuivre : comptant, 39 15 7 1/2 ; 3 mois, 3:) ift 1 1/2 ; Best Selected. 43 5/. 44 10/. ; Élêr,trol^vttùuc. 44 7/6 44 10/. Etdtn : comptant. 202 12 6 ; 3 mois, 199 7 El Plùmb : comptant. 18 3 9; 3 mois, 18 2 6. zinc : <M>mptant. 13 16 3 ; 3 mois, 14 2 6. M ",t;tlft : 13 51. 011 aD. bajses ï 11&3L Courses HIER A ENGHIEN Résultats du Pari Mutuel PRIX DE SAINT-CLAUDE l. Gérard (H. Gleizes) G 27 » — — p 5 50 2 Archimède II (N. Pelât)' *.'.P 5 50 3, Yérimieé (A. Bates) .............. p 5 50 N P. — Lamoma (J. Hleyte) ; Bariolé (K. Dumé) : La Captive (A. Guérin) ; Miss 1 blOmiett,A (A. Baldisserl* ; Thymol (A. Chwiffour) ; Muttersholtz (H. Haes). PRIX DU DOUBS 1. Noroc (J. Sables) g 34 50 Noror. — p 8 50 2. Botanist (R. Harisson) P 6 » 3. Canathos æ. Pouliquep) ........ p 12. N P. — Rapidoto (A. Montané) ; Ambre en Toc (A. Sauli) ; Chiste (E. Mantelet) ; MagiC Grey (H. Bonneau) ; AzoUi (V. Ker1biriûu) ; Coupe de France (C.-V. Lombard) PRIX DE BESANÇON 1 Ca.ro (E. Lethien) G 28 50 Ct2rn — p 6 50 2. Méridienne (R. Barboyon) p 5 50 3. Antéchrist (A. Bates) ............ p 6 50 N. P. — Tosnay (E. Juge) r Montserrat (M. Maeinot) : Mafizy <R Bâtes) ; Ma.J('llln (M Hartweld) : Seybarl (R. Galaur-chi' : I.uckev (A. Dixon) ; Douche (G. Tay-lor> 1 1 COURSE DE HAIES D'OCTOBRE 1. Foxy (R. Dubus) ...G 21 » — — p 10 50 2. Ait Alt a (N. Pelat) .............. p s M N. P. — xudan (E. de COCk) ; Emissaire (H. Gleizes) : Soda (E. Pouliquen) ; Gold Rush (R Bâtes) ; intrépide (H. Cames).. PRIX DE LA FRANCHE-COMTE 1. 8nv.sambu (R. Lock) G 11 50 SOvsambu — .......P 5 50 2. Gatrico (R. Bates) P 6 50 3. 1.6 Rex (M. Maginot) , P 9 50 N. P. — Carte Grise UI (N. Pelat) ; Zinal (H. Gleizes) : Sparkling (R. Galaurchi) ; j Domino (H. Bontemps) ; Martaban (P. Les-marte) : Haute Voie (A. NéeJJ ; Vexen (C. Manbert) : La Bièvre (A. Bates). PRIX DU JURA 1. Cadeau (H. Gleizes) G il 50 — — ..P 7 » 2. Bvzance (R. Trémeau) ....P 15 » N P. — Rubicon (R. Galaurchi) ; Rica Tina (R. Bates). PRIX KENTUCKY 1. Jackie Bor (W. Geersen) G 39 » — — 12 » 2. Tris de la Motte (Bertho) P 11 » 3. Hémione M (X. Pucheu) ........ P 23 50 N P. — Hammama (Jansen) ; I. Dédé rAl Tambéri) ; Ingeiburge (M. Dubreuil) ; J(,tknvah (J. Chyriacos) ; Inca II (Mand.-Mever) : Jarville (A. Sourroubille) ; Im-preaable II (L. Souchon) ; Hircine (A. Manceau) ; Indouvoura (R. Céran-Mail-lard) : Harris !Ph. Koch) ; Jarnac II (C. Veraèle). j AUJOURD'HUI AU TREMBLAY Nos pronostics Prix du Plant. — Willis Bird, Dame des Boi« Pria « colombes ». — La. Pillaréa, Brooklvn. Prix « Achères ». — Tache, Mon Cher Matt,ra. Prix Henri Greffulhe. — Ecurie Aly Khan Derby'" Eland. Prix « Fontainebleau ». — Pellegrino, Fanfreluche. Prix « Vincennes ». — Zm-s. Sahib. On s'abonne sans frais dans tous tes bureaux de poste. FAITS DIVERS A Paris On arrête On a procédé, hier, matin, à l'arrestation de Marcel Reboussin, né le 13 septembre 1885 à Paris, sans domicile fixe. Reboussin était recfherohé par le Parquet de Pontoise pour abus de confiance. Il a été envoyé au Dépôt en attendant son départ pour Pontoise. — Des gendarmes du service des recherches de la caserne des Minimes ont arrêté, hier matin, 14, rue Neuve-Pompincourt, Charles Stevens, né le 6 août 1886 à Maley-le-Grand (Somme), qui était condamné à mort, par contumace, par la Cour d'assise de Douai le 6 juin 1934, pour incendie volontaire et abus de confiance qualifié. Stevens a été mis à la disposition du Parquet et à la disposition de Douai. s Disparitions M. Camille Luthringer, 10, rue des Malmaisons, a signalé au commissariat de police du quartier de la Mai-son-Blanohe la disparition de sa mère, Mme veuve Luthringer, 70 ans, originaire de Mulhouse, atteinte d'amnésie. Voici son signalement : 1m. 70, mince, voûtée, cheveux blancs, yeux bleus, manteau noir. — M. Eucollini, demeurant à Londres, de passage à Paris, 20, rue Hen-ri-Monnier, a signalé au commissariat de police du quartier Saint-Georges la disparition de son fils Armando, 10 ans. Le garçonnet est vêtu d'un complet gris, coiffé d'une casquette jockey même teinte. Rixe Boulevard Sébastopol, au cours d'une discussion après boire, Louis Mauvel, 32 ans, sans profession ni domicile, blesse à l'aide d'une matraque | l'Arabe Ben A'hmed Adoun, 39 ans, 8, 1 rue des Ohauffourniers, qui a été | transporté à Lariboisière. L'énergui mène a été consigné à la disposition de la justice. Les désespérés Dans uné crise de neurasthénie, M. Paul Andrieu, 29 ans, cuisinier, 48, rue de la Condamine. a absorbé une forte 1 dose de somnifère. Il est décédé à l'hôpital Bichat 0C1 il avait été transporté. ~ ' ..... On dément Un Hongrois, M. Istram Sjabat, 40 ans, 24, guai de la Gare, se présentait hier matm au commissariat du quartier Vivienne en disant qu'il était poursuivi par des ennemis qui, au moyen d'ondes et de rayons ultraviolets, le persécutaient jour et nuit, et voulaient sa mort. Il venait se mettre sous la protection de la police... Le commissaire, voyant qu'il avait affaire à un dément, l'a dirigé sur l'infirmerie spéciale du Dépôt. Mort subite Dans un immeuble 6, place del l'Opéra, le garçon de bureau Jean Dalbera, 71 ans, demeurant 176, rue de Grenelle, pris de malaise, s'affaissa et décéda pendant son transport à l'hôpital Biohat. Accidents de la rue Rue de Vaugirard, à la hauteur du numéro 71, sur un passage clouté, Mme Bertin, 92 ans, a été renversée et tuée par un camion conduit par le chauffeur Jean Coutant, 86, rue de la Fraternité, à Bagnolet. Le corps de Mme Bertin a été déposé à l'hôpital Laënne-c. — Rue Le Peletier, un taxi a grimpé sur le trottoir et renversé Mme veuve Gerdier, 7, rue de la Tour-d'Auvergne, qui a été transportée à Lariboisière. Dans le Grand Paris Rectification Dans un fait divers paru dans notre numéro de dimanche, nous indiquions qu'un incendie avait entièrement détruit les usines Charles Roul-land à Vincennes. En réalité, seul le toit d'un atelier désaffecté a été çonsumé. Les au-vriers n'ont pas été arrêtés dans leur travail et la fabrication se poursuit. Les cambrioleurs en visite Versaines. — Des malfaiteurs se «ont introduits par effraction dans la maison de M. Hureau, 14, rue des Casseaux, à Palaiseau. Le propriétaire, qui habite à Paris, 14, avenue Daumesnil, a été avisé. D'autre part, la vina que possède, chemin de Villepreux, à Vaucresson, M. Jean Séguin, architecte à Boulo-gne-sur-Seine, 87, avenue J.-B. Clément, a été cambriolée. Les malfaiteurs ont fouillé tous les meubles et emporté des bijoux, de l'argenterie et divers objets mobiliers. (Q?MU)-e.) Les désespérés Villeneuve-le-Roi. — Mme Octavie Griache, 56 ans, demeurant rue des Noyers, malade et neurasthénique, a mis fin à ses jours en se pendant à son domicile. (Œuvre.) Versailles. — M. Guillaume Toullec, 30 ans, demeurant 6, place de la Gare, à Vernouillet, s'est jeté sous un train se dirigeant vers Mantes, non loin de la gare de Vernouillet. La mort a été instantanée. On attribue cet acte de désespoir à la neurasthénie. (Œuvre.) Les accidents de la rue et de la route Vigneux. — Une cycliste, Mme Thérèse Labbé, 32 ans, demeurant 26, rue Alexandre-Dumas, a été blessée griève-ment par l'auto de M. Aubin Goujon, 49 ans, boulanger, à la Patte d'Oie. Mme Labbé a été transportée à l'hôpital de Villeneuve-SainWïeorges. (Œuvre.) Montgeron. — Par suite d'une collision avec un camion conduit par le chauffeur Roger Courtelbart, 37 ans, demeurant 51, rue de Paris, à Nemours, MM. Fernand Lecoq, 43 ans, 3, square du Périgord, à Paris, Alfred Farina, 39 ans, 227, rue de l'Ermitage, à Montreuil, et M. Therriot, 28 ans, 12, rue des Solitaires, à Paris, qui se trouvaient dans la même voiture, ont été blesses grièvement et transportés £ l'hôpital àe -m-~ j r > Le dessus de ma tête ABSOLUMENT CHAUVE —maintenant, complètement couvert de cheveux. Cet homme, M. Richard, souffrait d'une calvitie avancée (lisez sa lettre ci-dessous). Il pensait n'y rien pouvoir. Mais les racines de tes cheveux vivaient encore, et en conséquence, quand il eut commencé le traitement Silvikrine, de nouveaux cheveux te sont mis à pousser. Il en était, dit-il, émerveillé. Calvitie, chute de cheveux (regardez votre peigne). pellicules, autant de signes que vos cheveux meurent de faim, faute de leur aliment naturel. Quel est l'aliment naturel des cheveux ? Pendant la jeunesse, les cheveux sains et vigoureux reçoivent tout ce qu'il leur faut de la circulation du sang dans le cuir chevelu. Mais que leur faut-il ? S'il est possible de découvrir cela, pensa le D* Weidner, et si on réussit à préparer cet aliment sous une forme telle que les racines capillaires puissent l'absorber de l'extérieur, par un massage du cuir chevelu — le problème de la pousse des cheveux se trouvera résolu. Or, ce problème est résolu, en effet. Le D* Weidner a découvert et isolé les 14 éléments organiques qui sont indispensables à la pousse des cheveux. La solution qui les renferme est la Silvikrine. Félicitations des Docteurs Puisque la Silvikrine est l'aliment naturel des cheveux, Il est évident qu'elle fera pousser les cheveux dont les racines capillaires vivent encore. Le Da Weidner a, comme il convient soumis la Silvikrine aux essais de savants ; docteurs européens, pour avoir leur opinion ■ — il n'y a pas de mystère autour de la ; formule. Sans exception, le corps médical accueillit la Silvikrine avec un véritable enthousiasme. Etudié scientifiquement, le problème de la pousse des cheveux se trouvait résolu scientifiquement. Le Pr Polland, le célèbre dermatologue de l'Université de Graz,' obtint des résultats si étonnants avec la Silvikrine que son rapport déborde d'éloges. Ses observations sont imprimées et jointes à chaque flacon de Silvikrine. L'expérience des milliers d'hommes et de femmes qui nous ont écrit concorde avec celle des savants. Après avoir tout essayé, écrivent-ils : déception. Puis la Silvikrine — succès. ? LISEZ CETTE LETTRE —. j M. Richard écrit r " La Silvikrine a j i tenu ce que j'en espérais. Avant l'emplài æ : de la Silvikrine le sommet de ma tête était j : absolument chauve. Maintenant il est i j complètement couvert de cheveux. " j Les cheveux s'alimentent et poussent par la racine. La racine pulse dans les tissus générateurs les 14 éléments 1 constitutifs des cheveux el la Silvi krine fournit ces éléments aux tls. sus générateurs lorsqu'ils en sont mal approvisionnés. | Que me faut-il à moi 1 LOTION SILVIKRINE SILVIKRINE PURE Son emploi quotidien assainit le La seule préparation qui ravitaille cuir chevelu et le fertilise, les racines capillaires en éléments vivifie les tissus générateurs, constitutifs, fortifie les tissus augmente la pousse des cheveux générateurs et provoque une et accentue leur beauté naturelle. nouvelle pousse de cheveux sains. Empèche les cheveux de tomber. Contre chute grave, pellicules prév ent et combat les pellicules rebelles, cheveux clairsemés, ainsi que les troubles organiques calvitie évolutive et pour ranimer I I de la pousse des cheveux. la pousse des cheveux: Demandez pour les soins . „ quotidiens : ' Demandez l aliment concentré LOTION SILVIKRINE SILV1XR1NE PURE Le flacon 12 Fri Le flacon pour 1 mois. 38 Frs. Le flacon p. 2 mois. 24 Frs. * Avec 1 flac. de lotion. 48 Frs. Silvikrine Aliment biologique des cheveux $&vtl£iàje & ouih. cfvewCû. APPRENEZ GRATUITEMENT i soigner vos cheveux en lisant le Traité scientifique et pratique "Nos Cheveux" qui vous sera remis 1 gracieusement par votre fournisseur. Le premier ouvrage de ce genre au monde. 97 illustrations. Impression hélio deux couleurs. Ou écrivez aux Ela Silvikrine. 43-45, r. de Romainville, 1 Montreuil-Paris. L'ŒUVRE DES JEUNES J. E. U. N. E. S. Centre. — Ce soir, à 21 heures précises, équipe centrale des rapports extérieurs ; équipe centrale de propagande. Au secours des milices antifascistes d'Espagne. — Tous nos camarades, adhérents ou sympathisants, doivent nous faire par-1 venir de toute urgence des vêtements, des chaussures, des médicaments, des conserves. du café, du sucre, etc... Nous nous chargeons de l'expédition rapide de toutes ces choses dont nos amis espagnols ont le plus grand besoin. Grande fête de nuit J.E.U.N.E.S., organisée le 10 octobre par l'équipe d'Argen-oouiJl, de 21 heures à 6 heures. Spectacle dynamique. Nombreux artistes : Marsac, Rostand, Michel Boris, Rose Pisani et éventuellement Florelle. Grand bal de nuit, avec attractions. Participation à toute la fête : 5 francs (cartes en vente au siège). Réunions d'équipes. — Versailles Viro-flay. — A partir de cette semaine, la réunion d'équipe de Versailles-Viroflay n'a plus lieu le mardi soir, mais le vendredi, comme 'pour l'ensemble des équipes de la région parisienne. Caen (Calvados). — Réunion de formation d'équipe. 21 heures, chez Paul, café des Touristes, boulevard des Alliés. Commission culturelle de Dynamo se réunit les deuxième et quatrième jeudis d3 chaaue mois. 21 heures, au Centre, 14, rue Favart. Appel pressant est fait à tous les adhérents J.E.U.N.E.S. et du Droit au Travail au courant des questions suivantes : enseignement, littérature, musique, cinéma, théâtre, sports, radio, presse, artisanat artistique, peinture, sculpture. Prochaine réunion demain jeudi. Chorale. — Ce soir, au Centre, 14, rue Favart, 20 heures, répétition. Camarades membres de la chorale et nouveaux adhé-[ rents. Jeunesses radicales-socialistes 7Ve arrondissement. — Les militants de la 4* section (Hôtel-de-Ville Bastille) sont convoqués lundi 12 octobre, au siège, café Augé, 6, rue des Archives. Objet : Compte rendu de la réunion du Front populaire de la jeunesse du 4e. Con~ grès de Biarritz. Selne-et-Oise. — Au cours d'un grand meeting qui s'est tenu à Montmorency et où prirent la parole Ga.briel Cudenet, président du parti Camille-Peliletan, Thonon, député de la circonscription, et Léman, des Jeunesses laïques, Max Vignon, du bureau national des Jeunesses radicales, exposa longuement la grande part qui revenait aux ministres radicaux dans l'application du programme du Rassemblement populaire et lança un vibrant appel en faveur du radicalisme orthodoxe. NOTEZ CECI — Au Moulin de la Galette, samedi 10 octobre, la Chambre syndicale des employés de banque et de bourse donnera un gTand ba,l de nuit avec le concours des chansonniers montmartrois, au profit de sa caisse de colonies de vacances. — Les Vieux Musiciens, Tigery (S.-et-O.), 15 heures, inauguration de la Maison de repos, sous la présidence de MM. Huisman et Gustave Charpentier. Ce soir, à 20 h. 30, salJe de la mairie, à Bicêtre, grand meeting régional sur : « La vérité sur le drame espagnol ». Orateurs : Sébastien Faure, Frémont. Rin-geas, Odéon, Monteil, Loréal et un sofelattste. PARTIS ET LIGUES Rassemblement des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme XrX* arrondlssem. (Flandre-Villette). —» Réunion d'adhésion ce soir, à 20 h. 30f salle Camy, 25, rue Riquet. Comité national de lutte contre la Guerre et le Fascisme Conformément aux dispositions acceptées ipar l'ensemble des membres du Comité national élu le 13 juillet, la première réunion de ce comité aura lieu sous la présidence de Francis Jourdain le jeudi 15 octobre, à 14 heures .précises, dans une salle de la Mutualité, 24, rue Saint-Victor. Courbevoie. — Ordre du jour voté ati mefitinsr du samedi 3 octobre. « Les hommes et femmes de Courbevoie réunis au nombre de 1.200. le samedi 3 octobre. à l'aDDel du Comité mondial des femmes, saluent chaleureusement l'héroï-ouft peuple eSDasmol qui lutte, femmes en tête pour la liberté et la paix du monde. « La population de Courbevoie souhaite, crue la. S.D.N. Drenne en mains le drame esdaznoi et arrête en accord avec le peu-ule les peuples les mesures propres à mettre fin au massacre espagnol ». Ligue des Droits de l'Homme — Séance de rentrée demain jeudi Sannois. à 21 heures, salle municipale, 46, rue de Paris. , Parti socialiste S.F.I.O. Deuil. — Demain 8 octobre, à 30 h. 45, assemblée générale de la section, salle du Coq Hardi, route de Saint-Leu. ' ' « Front populaire X II» arrondissement. — Ce soir mercredi. réunion publique, 73, avenue Daumesnil. formation du comité de base de la gare de l.von. Orateurs du F.P. Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône. — Le comité local adresse son salut fraternel aux camarades du Front populaire espagnol en lutte pour la défense des libertés démocratiques. contre le fascisme international. Droit au travail et Progrès social 17e arrondissement. — Réunion de travail et d'information aujourd'hui mercredi, à; 21 heures, salle Richard, 55, avenue de 011-, chy. Causerie sur : « Les ententes indus., trielles n. et organisation de la fête du dimanche 25 octobre à la Mutualité. Parti radical-socialiste Epinettes. — Le Comité radical-socialiste des Epinettes dénonce avec force les manœuvres de division poursuivies par ceux qui, trahissant le serment du 14 juillet, s'emploient systématiquement, tant au Parlement qu'à l'intérieur du parti et dans le pays, à préparer le retour au pouvoir des hommes néfastes de l'Union nationale. Il approuve la politique de paix entre les peuples poursuivie par le cabinet Blum et le félicite de ses efforts pour arriver à une collaboration économique internationale. prélude à l'organisation de la paix par la; réduction des armements et l'assistance mutuelle. Sous-officiers de réserve républicains Assemblée générale de la 17" sèctio^ca soir mercredi. a 20 heures 30, 145, avenue de Clichy. Les manuscrits non insérée w «ont fias rendus. les. aire Ct n cette eat SMr ,,itaet%t al3, ilelffi n ~i ^ « —i Lj LJ JL ^y^~) o .. de u^^AiïfZ*» t wk° *«< tOUS Wt V* U ia6ê"ev,es. I 'a Tou tes^^es ^é éc O^n ono mie s ^ v ou^ o^ offertes par la Matford sauf réconomie sur la qualité. '&%/ m ^ V-8 est au-dessous Démarrage encore accéléré et 225, Quoi Auiagmer Asmère» 36ÀY nouveau freinage a surpuissance. oaîo àe Usines à Strasbourg (Bos"Rh'n) ANCIENS COMBATTANTS Veuves de Guerre LÔ conseil d'administration de l'Union 'Na.nona.te fies Veuves de guerre, iu nom de son association, affiliée au Mouvement d'Action combattante,, remercie chaleureus,e,nieiit, M. Léon Rium, président du Conseil. cl'avcir abroge les décrets-lois concernant les victimes de !a guerre, selon 1, promesse formelle Iii'il pn fit le -29 août 5ors de la visite que lui rendit le Mouvement d'Action conitvittnnie la présidence du Conseil. 40 t) — [.',",,1)1:1,1 ¡ 11)1] nmicjio des ;¡ nciC'lls d Il &' R.A.P. tiendra son n s << • r ri t> ! Ae générale annuelle demain .jeudi, à 21 Meures, aux 'î< Armes de la Ville ,J, GG. rue de Rivoli. l-es manuscrits non insérés ne sont n-1 rendus. -de I Œuvre Imprimerie Lonis-Ie-Grand Paris rue &,e gérant F. Ponr.NiT ........... Ë BON A DECOUPER 1 i Trois de ces bons donnent droit à : I une petite annonce au tarif spécial | I des chômsurs daiis la rubrique ■ | DEMANDES D'EMPLOIS i TSF Ecoutez aujourd'hui : 11 heures, RadiO-PariS : Œuvres de Godard, Tch.iïkc.wsky, Kc-baud. 11 n. 45, lle-de-France ; Orchestre viennois. 12 t) 15. Radio-Paris : Œuvres de Franck, F'iuré; Sévérac. 12 h. 15, Ile-de-France : Opérettes, 12 h. 39, Poste Parisien : Œuvres de Bizet, 0-; aniod, 12 h. 40, Radio-Luxembourg : Musique allemande ci, angla;si 1? h. 40. île-de-France : Valses. 12 h «6 Tour Eiffel : Disques. 12 li. 45, Rati o-Ciié ; La veuve joyeuse '.1.-' Lehar,). 13 li. '40, l !e-de-F!-anc(% : Accordéon. la heures Ile-de-France : Chans(,iis. 14 h. 5, Radio-Luxembourg : Musique de clin m bre. 14 h. 15, Fladio-Paris : Pages de Louis Pergaud. 14 ii. 30, P.-T.-T. : La Radio aux aveugles, 16 heures, Radio-Paris: Les noces de Figaro (Mozart) 1G li. 10. P.-T.-T. : L'origine du cancer, causerie rie P. Ostoya. 16 h. 20 P.-T.-T. : pièces pour piano. 16 11. 30. Radio.Paris : Œuvres de Boro-dine. Ravel ibert. 16 h. 30 Radio-Barcelone ! Informations. 16 h. 15. P.T..T, . Le romnn comique, de Sc i rmn. 17 h. 30. Radio-Paris . Œuvres de Mou';-sorgsKy. Rorodine. Du parc 18 lieures. Ile-de-France : Mélodies. 18 11, 15. Ile-de-France : Tangos. 18 h. 49. Poste Parisien ; Œuvres de Hahn. C.hnpin Goublier 19 heures, llé-de-France : Orchestre bohémien. 19 h 37, Poste Parisien : Quart d'heure argentine. 20 heures Tour Eiffel ; Œuvres de Darius Milhaud. 20 heures. Radio-Paris : Sonate (C. Franck). 20 h. 5, Radio-Luxembourg : Concert vaMé. 20 h. 40, Ile-de-France : Jazz. 20 h. 45. Radio-Paris : Le voiturier RenS-chel, de G. Hauptmann. Z1 heures, Radio--uxembourg : Music-hall. 21 h. 15, P.-T.-T. : Musique de chambre. 22 heures, Poste Parisien : Cabaret. 22 h. M, Radio-Cité : Une soirée à Harlem 22 h. 30. Poste Parisien ; Musique légère. 22 h. 45. Tour Eiffel : Les six jours. 22 h. *5, Radio-Paris ; Musique de danse. n: heures, Ile-de-France : Orchestre viennois. 23 heures, Radio-Luxembourg : Musique de danse. 23 heures Radio-Cité : Dancing. 23 h. 15. n?(iio-Parîs : Musique légère. 24 heures. I le-de-Franee ; Danses. o h. 15, Radio-Barcelone : Informations. INFORMATIONS Association des auditeurs et des petits amis de Radio-Cité (siège à Paris, t. boulevard Haussmann) -L'Assemblée générale constitutive est convoquée pour le sa.medi. 10 octobre, à, l5 heures. au siège de l'Association. Ordre du jour: 1. Approbation des statuts de l'Association; 5. Nomination du premier conseil d'administration; 3. Constatation de la constitution définitive de l'as<-pmt'!ëe' 4. questions diverses. Tout membre actif ou bienfaiteur ayant une capacité suffisante et porteur de la carte annuelle a le droit d'assister à l'as'-t'n'I'tee: chacun d'eux peut se faire représenter pn r un mandataire, membre lui-même de 1 association. Le mandat peut être donné par simple leltre. mais chaque membre ne peut réunir, tant en son nom que comme mandataire, plus de trois voix. Les Fondateurs. PETITES ANNONCES Tarif Capitaux et Fonds de Commerce . 20 frs Offres et demandes d'emploh .. S fri Petitesannonces chômeur!,)et2 première. lignCl.......' 1 fr. les lignes supplémentaires au prix du Tarif. . Toutes autres rubriques > . ! 5 frs Les petites annonces sont reçues 9, Rue Louis-le-Grand Opéra 65-00 et dans toutes les Agences de Publicité. (36 lettres, signes ou espaces à la ligne.) ' Nos Petites Annonces remboursées Toute petit» annonce domiciliée à j'ŒUVRE, sauf demandas d'emplois ch&.meurs, et n'ayant provoqué aucune réponse dans If s 3 jours de sa parution sera REMBOURSÉE, sous forme d'u.ie nouvelle insertion grztuîte, dans notre prochaine rubrique. N.-B, Nous feront suivre le courrier à nos frais. DEMANDES D'EMPLOIS DIVERS Lic. ès let. 23 a. con. angl. Ub. serv. mil. cherche emploi. Ec. Œuvre V. 44 qui trans. Anc, ouvrier 'tailleur ch empl. presseur dans teinturerie. Ecr. : Œuvre V. 49. Demande le(, fran. esp. ital. deb. tout Age. Px rnod. Ecr. Mane,4 bis,bd Bonne-Nouvelle, Art. p,,,,in-. sp€C. 'aba.t-.jour. dessin, soierie, dem. trav-.ou ■ i/2-j. atel. Ecr.: Œuvre V.40. .J. h. 16 a. Franç.ayant fait études second, ch. ernpl Platzman, 8, r. Lamartine, Paris. Je cherch, petite travaux ou écritures à donne.. courses, recouvrements. Ec, Œ.V.39 Homme 35' ans cherche occupation quelconque. Ecr. : A. P., 96, rue Broca, Pans. I,..eç,de Russe pr pro(exper, Ec.: Mlle M.K. c/o MmeCoupeaud,6,sq.de l'Aveyron,Paris-17 Culture phvs. résultats gar, px spéci. Ecr.: Mlle Chanal. 23. rue Guyot; Paris H*e). Etudiante agrégation donn. leç. Allem. ou Franc, et prép. Bacc. lettres. Ecr.: Œ.V,2S. COMPTABLES Comptable 26 ans. excel. référ, comp. gène. et auxiliaire, tous services banque, contentieux.' Lib. suite. Ecr:: Œuvre V. 49. Comptabilité moyennes et petites. Fiscalité. Prix modérés. Ecr. Œuvre V. 42. Mr 30 ans comptable, connaissant organisation intérieur bureau, ex. références, cherche place. Ecr. Œuvre V. 41. Comptable sérieuses référ. ch. situât stab. et sérieuse. Libe. suite. F,cr.: Œuvre V, 43. INDUSTRIE Menuisier machiniste cherche empl. nom. référ. &,: Rousseau, 19, r. Belle/ville (le). VENDEUSES Jnef fem. présentant bien, ancien, représentante, dem. Place vendeuse. Ec.: CE. V. 47. STENO-DACTYLO Dame st.-dact. aide compt. hab. St-Ouen cherc. pl. stable, bon. référ. Ecr. CE. V. 46. Dame 35 ans, secrétaire compt. sténo-dact. caise. ch. pL simil. ou tse trav. bur. OE.V.4 J'fille -2ti a. aide-cornpt.-sté.-dact. not. angl. cherche empl. M. Cocusse, :)!..bd Bessières. 1 F secrétaire sténo-dactylo expér. cap. avant 5 ans réf. chez ingénieur conseil cônn. bien anglais et ts travaux bureaux cherche situation stable. Ecrire Œuvre P. .1. fine dactylo aide compt. B. réf. cherche place p. après-midi. Œuvre V. 36. J.F 24 ans B. E. secr. sténo-dactylo, exc. réf. ch. emploi. Ecire Œuvre V. 35. J. F. déb. 18 a. st.-dact. aide-compt. habitant ch. ses parents :'1. Argenteuil ch. pl. région ou. Paris. Ecr.: Œ. V. 33 qui transm. J.F. sténo-dactylo : bonnes référ. cherche place stable 15 octobre. Ecr. : Œuvre V. 31. Jne femme sténo-dactylo exc. références. Cherc ne place stable. gcr. : Œuvre U. 8'1 EMPL. BUREAU r f 19 a. t) écrit., not. st.-dacty. dip, bon réf 'chpl. Ec.: Ricou,'» r.Garmain:Pilon-l8. Facturière bonnes rèlÜ", ch. emploi partie ou trav. bureaux. Ecr.: Œuvre Y. 30. Jne t au courant de tous travaux bureau. compt. sténo, dactylo, excel. référ,. cherche emploi. Ecr. : Œuvre U. 98 ~ q. transm. GENS DE MAISON Dame 4 i,. exc. réf. tiendr. intél". chez Mr âgé. Et. Mme Maly, 9,r.de Madrid,Paris-Se. Dame tel" ts travaux ménage, bureaux, ap.-midi seulement. &1".: Œuvre V. 86. IMPRIMERIE Typo synd ch,emploi. Marchand, 21. rue lU Auguste-Blanqui. Choisy-le-Roi. RECHERCHES Enquêt.. surv. Filat., llulïLo PflRFÇTRécit., I r Mendelssohn. Parts-20e. CHAUFFEURS Ch. niée an. exp. célib. 30 a. htes réf. dés. pl. stable mais, bourg. ou usine. Ec.Œ.T.97 TRAVAUX A FAÇON Rép. transf. mach. à coud., 19. bd Temple.. BATIMENT Peintre lib. suite ts trav. tr. soigné px bas. Nicolas, 51, rue de la Goutte-d'Or (18'). Peintre conscx, vite, prix raisonnable. Ec.:George®, -22 rue Loos, 101, Botzaris 79-81. Tous tra.. peint, pap. pts, tr. bas PRIX, FERRY. 10, r. Ferdinand-Flocon Parls-I8'. PEINTRE ARTISAN. Travaux prix modérés. Oisie 34 r. Beauregard li Paris (2e). GENS DE MAISON Fem. 40 a., énerg., cap.tiend. intér. pers. s. ou pl. tem. c Il. non couché-e,. Ec.:.Œ. V. 45. Vve 48 a., sachant cuisine cher. place stable bon. tt faire 2 mal. Ec. Œ.V.38 qui transm. Valet 40 a, exc. référ. ch. pl. mais, bourg, non couché ou hôtel. Ecr. Œuvre ":Y. 37. OFFRES D'EMPLOIS REPRESENTANTS REPRÉSENTANTS une très importance société vous offre sa carte pour placement de bouchons de tout premier choix auprès des épiciers, droguistes, ()Uinca!!!ie)'s. vins. etc... Prix sans concurrence. Demandez conditions très avan-tag'wises à Société des Etablissements MARIZIER, à MARMANDE (Lot-et-Garonne) Nous cherchons . pour service commercial reg'. Parisienne, qqes hommes jeunes et énergtq. lib. de suite, susceptib. de devenir par leur formation. leurs aptituo. à la veIlte des représent. d'avenir. Ns leur (1 e111 1111dons de l'énerg., de 1 tntpUigpnce. de 1 ins-truct. générale et une très bonne présentation. Fixe et commission. Ecrire avec curric.ulum vitae et si possible photo à M. NAURINS, :28, rue Racine, à Paris. OCCUPATIONS DIVERSES ' La Société Suisse d'Assurances Générales sur la vie humaine accepterait pour Paris, Seine et Seine-et-Oise des collaborateurs cultivés ayant l'expérience de", affaires. S'adresser pour renseignements Service F, Bureau de Pari., M. RUE TAITBOUT. COURS ET LEÇONS Tous EXAMENS et CONCOURS prépara par correspond. Oréal, 50. r. La Bruyere. Pans. POUR JEUNES "MLLES Court cff. dessin Pre par, aux Ecoles, OESSI" de MODES par PROrCoSIONNEL R Orivon 47 bis. b des Invalides, Paris 7 Téléph. SUFfren 43-31. MÉDECINE ET HYGIÈNE SUDATIO?, MASSAGE esthétique p.mas-lUn seuse 7, r. Joubert. 4' étage. MA S SOT H ERA PIE. méthode amaigrissante p, électricité par infirmière,diplômée. 10 à 19 heures. Institut, 28 bel Kochecnouart. GARDE D'ENFANTS Sarthe, b. air. dem. nourrissons 250 fr. par mois. Voir : Dubin 36. r.Beaurepaire, Paris. ACHAT ET VENTE DE PROPRIÉTÉS A vendre.. BRETAGNE, villa, jar,. conten. 6.000 m2, bonnes conditions. Ecr. Œ. R. 835,1 OCCASIONS DIVERSES VIOLON SONORITE PARFAITE instrument de musicien, complet avec ts accessoires. Ecr. pr renseign. Œuvre M.L. A ENLEVER DE SUITE divan for m. cosys, larg. 1 m. 20, bibliothèque, et accessoires. Velours grenat : 250 fr. Ronné, 16, rue du Poitou, Paris (3e). LIVRES ACHAT de LIVRES J-Ecr.: CLOSE, 40. r. M -nt.-Ste-Geneviève-5«. AMEUBLEMENT Magnif. cab.trav.mod. ronce noyer verni. 3 p. 2.200,et un mobilier compl.de s. à mang. et ch. à colicji. 4ô. Ch.-Ant.in (Mo Trinité). Gr. stock ch., s... m., stud,. sacr. 1/2 prix Charles, éb. rtn bis. r.Dombasle ;M° Conv.). Plusieurs millions de mobiliers d'occas. riche et simple'. styl. et modem, ont été réunis pr eîre ve'id. à l'amiab. ss frais, à des px tr. bas. Venez visit. ss retard pr bénéJicÍer du stnel" Entrée libre. SALLES VENTES. 45, r. Fontaine. Expert. franco. FOURRURES Ane. Maison O. Courrier fondée en 1912 FOURRURES mjEBBB '8. Fini), du Templs (RàpnbJlqfîie) W i BCK S e plus grand choix, les plus petits prix. ! Dtjverf le dimanche 5% sur présent, de ce journc: Manteaux 3/4 Castorette faç.Ragondin 249 f. ARMES 3. Del Sî-Micheî. ach, arm. occ., fusils, etc BIJOUX ACHAT BijoDl, Argentarie. (>*Btler, fa DANIEL, 55. Rue Rivoli Métn. CKitaia | — | Seul le Comptoir des diamantaires de Franr ce. 77, r. des Petits-Champs, vs paiera le r maximum bijoux, b ri 1., or, argent. Dègt grat. ! LOCATIONS MEUBLÉES Normandie Mson meublée 225 p.m. Œ.R.816. HOTELS Chambres meubl. corif,fr.,Od 160-200, j. dep. 10 fr. 61, r.-Nlc)inec, Paris-17« (Mo Brochant). nQ rue CONDORCET, Paris (ql). Jolies chambres tt conf, dep. 12 par jour. I-eA pr ni. A prox. d. grds boulevards. Métro Anvers, Ca(let, Poissonnière. T"HL'D. 39-30. DIVERS Désire connai: re pcr>. ay. résidé Tahiti, K!!e Caledonie [Ir iii, clocum. Ec. tE. R. 828. MARIAGES Ouvrier 30 a., désire reacontr. j. f. p. sort. et distr, dim. Paris, banl. Ecr. : <E. R, 834. BORDEAUX Mr niiitilé, chôm. tr. sér, ch. clame affect. sér., pr aide ),!Ora!e. E{ER836 Prc)r. 5S a..retr. IG.noo épous. fonct. rent. etc. ',5 à 55 a. ss erif. i:é;r.t':;r,s. En, (B. R. 833. Je marie personnes de toutes situations. M d'ARVILLE. 22. r. de Pétrograd, Paris. DEMANDE DE CAPITAUX Particulier établi, fonds chemiserie, c her che auprès particulie*prêt de 5.000 trs, délai de remboursement et, intérêts -à.fixer.. Ecrire Œuvre R S26 qui transmettra. | 4,895 |
https://github.com/Thommil/animals-go-common/blob/master/model/account.go | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | null | animals-go-common | Thommil | Go | Code | 236 | 693 | package model
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/globalsign/mgo"
"github.com/globalsign/mgo/bson"
"github.com/thommil/animals-go-common/dao/mongo"
)
// Account model definition
type Account struct {
// ID of the account
ID bson.ObjectId `json:"id" bson:"_id,omitempty"`
// Provider of the account
Provider string `json:"provider,omitempty" bson:"provider,omitempty"`
// ExternalID of the account
ExternalID string `json:"external_id,omitempty" bson:"external_id,omitempty"`
// User ID linked to this account
UserID string `json:"user_id,omitempty" bson:"user_id,omitempty"`
}
// CreateOrUpdateAccount from the parameter and returns the created/updated account
func CreateOrUpdateAccount(account *Account) (*Account, error) {
var collection = mongo.GetInstance().DB("").C("account")
var err error
if account.ID != "" {
//Update
err = collection.UpdateId(account.ID, account)
} else {
//Create
account.ID = bson.NewObjectId()
err = collection.Insert(account)
}
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return account, nil
}
// FindAccount returns a Mongo Query to parse result, the search query is Mongo based too
func FindAccount(query interface{}) *mgo.Query {
return mongo.GetInstance().DB("").C("account").Find(query)
}
// FindAccountByID allows to get a single account from its ID
func FindAccountByID(id string) (*Account, error) {
var collection = mongo.GetInstance().DB("").C("account")
account := &Account{}
if bson.IsObjectIdHex(id) {
err := collection.FindId(bson.ObjectIdHex(id)).One(account)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return account, nil
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Invalid account ID")
}
// DeleteAccountByID allows to delete an existing account from its ID
// Deletes also the linked user
func DeleteAccountByID(id string) error {
var collection = mongo.GetInstance().DB("").C("account")
if bson.IsObjectIdHex(id) {
account, err := FindAccountByID(id)
if err != nil {
return err
}
DeleteUserByID(account.UserID)
return collection.RemoveId(bson.ObjectIdHex(id))
}
return fmt.Errorf("Invalid account ID")
}
| 19,813 |
https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%20%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | بحيره دينكين | https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=بحيره دينكين&action=history | Egyptian Arabic | Spoken | 22 | 79 | دينكين بحيره فى كندا.
جغرافيا
دينكين موجوده فى منطقه اداريه اسمها اونتاريو,
لينكات برانيه
مصادر
مسطحات مائيه
بحيره
مسطحات مائيه فى كندا | 29,771 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernia%2C%20Nova%20Scotia | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Hibernia, Nova Scotia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hibernia, Nova Scotia&action=history | English | Spoken | 65 | 93 | Hibernia is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Region of Queens Municipality . Residency is almost exclusively seasonal cottage use. The Nova Scotia Guides Association operates the Twin Lakes Campground on the Hibernia Road between First and Second Christopher Lakes.
References
Hibernia on Destination Nova Scotia
Communities in the Region of Queens Municipality
General Service Areas in Nova Scotia | 49,639 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20500593 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Център за развитие на управленски умения | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 6 | 13 | Център за развитие на управленски умения | 17,111 |
https://github.com/AudiusProject/audius-client/blob/master/packages/web/src/components/co-sign/CoSign.tsx | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,023 | audius-client | AudiusProject | TSX | Code | 233 | 803 | import { useMemo, ReactNode, RefObject } from 'react'
import { ID } from '@audius/common'
import cn from 'classnames'
import Tooltip from 'components/tooltip/Tooltip'
import { useIsMobile } from 'utils/clientUtil'
import Check from './Check'
import styles from './CoSign.module.css'
import HoverInfo from './HoverInfo'
import { Size } from './types'
const CoSignCheck = ({
coSignName,
hasReposted,
hasFavorited,
size,
userId
}: {
coSignName: string
hasFavorited: boolean
hasReposted: boolean
size: Size
userId: ID
}) => {
const tooltipText = useMemo(() => {
return (
<HoverInfo
coSignName={coSignName}
hasReposted={hasReposted}
hasFavorited={hasFavorited}
userId={userId}
/>
)
}, [coSignName, hasReposted, hasFavorited, userId])
return (
<Tooltip
shouldWrapContent={false}
mouseEnterDelay={0.1}
shouldDismissOnClick={false}
text={tooltipText}
mount='page'
className={styles.tooltip}
color={'--white'}
>
<div>
<Check size={size} />
</div>
</Tooltip>
)
}
type CoSignProps =
| {
coSignName: string
userId: ID
hasFavorited: boolean
hasReposted: boolean
hideTooltip?: boolean
size: Size
children: ReactNode
className?: string
forwardRef?: RefObject<HTMLDivElement>
}
| {
hideTooltip: true
size: Size
children: ReactNode
className?: string
forwardRef?: RefObject<HTMLDivElement>
}
const CoSign = (props: CoSignProps) => {
const { forwardRef, size, children, className } = props
const isMobile = useIsMobile()
const check =
isMobile || props.hideTooltip ? (
<Check size={size} />
) : (
<CoSignCheck
coSignName={props.coSignName}
hasFavorited={props.hasFavorited}
hasReposted={props.hasReposted}
size={size}
userId={props.userId}
/>
)
return (
<div ref={forwardRef} className={cn(styles.content, className)}>
<div className={styles.children}>{children}</div>
<div
className={cn(styles.check, {
[styles.tiny]: size === Size.TINY,
[styles.small]: size === Size.SMALL,
[styles.medium]: size === Size.MEDIUM,
[styles.large]: size === Size.LARGE,
[styles.xlarge]: size === Size.XLARGE
})}
>
{check}
</div>
</div>
)
}
export { Size }
export default CoSign
| 17,771 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20House%20Office%20of%20Gun%20Violence%20Prevention | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention&action=history | English | Spoken | 92 | 129 | The White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention is an office of the White House tasked with carrying out the president's executive orders on gun violence prevention. It was first announced on September 21, 2023, with Vice President Kamala Harris being announced as the supervisor of the office, Stefanie Feldman as director, and Greg Jackson and Rob Wilcox as deputy directors.
References
2023 establishments in Washington, D.C.
2023 in American politics
Gun Violence Prevention
Gun politics in the United States
Gun violence in the United States
Kamala Harris
Presidency of Joe Biden | 28,841 |
https://github.com/aymen-cmd/cvtheque/blob/master/resources/views/service.blade.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | cvtheque | aymen-cmd | PHP | Code | 20 | 51 | @extends('layouts.master')
@section('content')
<h1> la vue service </h1>
<p> im not going to give up this is my day </p>
@endsection | 43,324 |
https://github.com/yqjdcyy/Hello_Apache_Commons/blob/master/src/main/java/com/yao/http/client/example/Client4Http.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | Hello_Apache_Commons | yqjdcyy | Java | Code | 1,277 | 6,118 | package com.yao.http.client.example;
import com.yao.http.client.thread.PoolThread;
import com.yao.http.client.thread.SingleThread;
import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.params.ClientPNames;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionRequest;
import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.BasicHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.CoreConnectionPNames;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2014/12/11.
*/
public class Client4Http {
private static Integer THREAD_CNT= 1000;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Client4Http client= new Client4Http();
client.testPool();
client.testSingle();
}
/**
* HttpClient连接SSL
*/
public void ssl() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
try {
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
try {
// 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
} catch (CertificateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
instream.close();
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
}
// 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
// 只允许使用TLSv1协议
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[]{"TLSv1"}, null,
SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
// 创建http请求(get方式)
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (httpclient != null) {
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
* post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求）
*/
public void postForm() {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建httppost
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
// 创建参数队列
List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
try {
uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果
*/
public void post() {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建httppost
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://192.168.70.76:9091/invoke");
httppost.setHeader("_serverid", "server-demo");
httppost.setHeader("_method", "postArgs");
httppost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
// 创建参数队列
List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "yao"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
try {
uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 发送 get请求
*/
public void get() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
// 创建httpget.
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://192.168.70.76:9091/invoke?tenantCode=ksf");
httpget.setHeader("_serverid", "server-demo");
httpget.setHeader("_method", "getArgs");
System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
// 执行get请求.
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
// 获取响应实体
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
// 打印响应状态
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
if (entity != null) {
// 打印响应内容长度
System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
// 打印响应内容
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
}
System.out.println("------------------------------------");
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 上传文件
*/
public void upload() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");
FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();
httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if (resEntity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
}
EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//BasicClientConnectionManager
public static void basicClientConnectionManager() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://m.weather.com.cn/data/101010100.html");
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Charset.forName("utf-8"));
System.out.println(result);
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
//PoolingClientConnectionManager
public static void poolingClientConnectionManager() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
SchemeRegistry registry = new SchemeRegistry();//创建schema
SSLContext sslContext = null;//https类型的消息访问
try {
sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
sslContext.init(null, null, null);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
SSLSocketFactory sslFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(sslContext, SSLSocketFactory.STRICT_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
registry.register(new Scheme("http", 80, PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory()));//http 80 端口
registry.register(new Scheme("https", 443, sslFactory));//https 443端口
PoolingClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingClientConnectionManager(registry);//创建connectionManager
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(20);//对每个指定连接的服务器（指定的ip）可以创建并发20 socket进行访问
cm.setMaxTotal(200);//创建socket的上线是200
HttpHost localhost = new HttpHost("locahost", 80);
cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(localhost), 80);//对本机80端口的socket连接上限是80
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(cm);//使用连接池创建连接
HttpParams params = httpClient.getParams();
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 60 * 1000);//设定连接等待时间
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 60 * 1000);//设定超时时间
try {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://m.weather.com.cn/data/101010100.html");
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), Charset.forName("utf-8"));
System.out.println(result);
} finally {
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();//用完了释放连接
}
}
public static void multiThreadedHttpConnectionManager() {
HttpClientConnectionManager connMrg = new BasicHttpClientConnectionManager();
HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("www.yeetrack.com", 80));
// 获取新的连接. 这里可能耗费很多时间
ConnectionRequest connRequest = connMrg.requestConnection(route, null);
HttpClientConnection conn = null;
try {
conn = connRequest.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // 10秒超时
// 如果创建连接失败
if (!conn.isOpen()) {
HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
// establish connection based on its route basic.info
connMrg.connect(conn, route, 1000, context);
// and mark it as route complete
connMrg.routeComplete(conn, route, context);
}
//获取连接后进行相关操作
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
connMrg.releaseConnection(conn, null, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
}
}
public static void PoolingHttpClientConnectionMapper() {
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
// 将最大连接数增加到200
cm.setMaxTotal(200);
// 将每个路由基础的连接增加到20
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(20);
//将目标主机的最大连接数增加到50
HttpHost localhost = new HttpHost("www.yeetrack.com", 80);
cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(localhost), 50);
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
}
public static void testPool() {
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(20);
cm.setMaxTotal(1000);
cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("192.168.70.76", 7070)), 300); //设置指定服务，如SSO以更高配置
cm.closeExpiredConnections(); //关闭失效连接
cm.closeIdleConnections(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //关闭30秒内不活动的连接
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
try {
Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// URL列表数组
String[] urisToGet = {
"http://192.168.70.76:7070/ops/server/batchQueryServerStatus?ids=6,10,11,",
"http://192.168.70.76:7070/ops/mule/registerList?rmi=service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://192.168.70.76:1098/server&curPage=1&pageSize=15&filter=",
"http://192.168.70.76:7070/ops/server/queryRemoteMuleAppStatus?rmi=service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://192.168.70.76:1098/server&appName=Mule.mln-bus",
"http://192.168.70.76:7070/ops/mule/serverList?rmi=service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://192.168.70.76:1098/server&curPage=1&pageSize=15&filter="
};
// 为每个url创建一个线程，GetThread是自定义的类
PoolThread[] threads = new PoolThread[THREAD_CNT];
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(THREAD_CNT);
for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_CNT; i++) {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(urisToGet[THREAD_CNT % urisToGet.length]);
threads[i] = new PoolThread(httpClient, httpget, latch);
}
// 启动线程
for (int j = 0; j < THREAD_CNT; j++) {
threads[j].start();
}
latch.await();
Long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("POOL: " + (end - start));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void testSingle() {
Long start= System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 为每个url创建一个线程，GetThread是自定义的类
SingleThread[] threads = new SingleThread[THREAD_CNT];
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(THREAD_CNT);
for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_CNT; i++) {
threads[i] = new SingleThread(httpclient, "http://192.168.70.76:9091/invoke?tenantCode=ksf", "server-demo", "getArgs", latch);
}
// 启动线程
for (int j = 0; j < THREAD_CNT; j++) {
threads[j].start();
}
latch.await();
Long end= System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("SINGLE: "+ (end- start));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void pool() {
DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
Integer CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = 2 * 1000; //设置请求超时2秒钟 根据业务调整
Integer SO_TIMEOUT = 2 * 1000; //设置等待数据超时时间2秒钟 根据业务调整
//定义了当从ClientConnectionManager中检索ManagedClientConnection实例时使用的毫秒级的超时时间
//这个参数期望得到一个java.lang.Long类型的值。如果这个参数没有被设置，默认等于CONNECTION_TIMEOUT，因此一定要设置
Long CONN_MANAGER_TIMEOUT = 500L; //该值就是连接不够用的时候等待超时时间，一定要设置，而且不能太大 ()
HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
params.setIntParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
params.setIntParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, SO_TIMEOUT);
params.setLongParameter(ClientPNames.CONN_MANAGER_TIMEOUT, CONN_MANAGER_TIMEOUT);
//在提交请求之前 测试连接是否可用
params.setBooleanParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.STALE_CONNECTION_CHECK, true);
PoolingClientConnectionManager conMgr = new PoolingClientConnectionManager();
conMgr.setMaxTotal(200); //设置整个连接池最大连接数 根据自己的场景决定
//是路由的默认最大连接（该值默认为2），限制数量实际使用DefaultMaxPerRoute并非MaxTotal。
//设置过小无法支持大并发(ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool)，路由是对maxTotal的细分。
conMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(conMgr.getMaxTotal());//（目前只有一个路由，因此让他等于最大值）
//另外设置http client的重试次数，默认是3次；当前是禁用掉（如果项目量不到，这个默认即可）
httpClient.setHttpRequestRetryHandler(new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(0, false));
}
}
| 18,153 |
buildingnewsengi87londuoft_45 | English-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,860 | Building News and Engineering Journal | None | English | Spoken | 7,616 | 9,801 | Smeaton added clay and even brickdust to lime in various proportions, but they conferred no hydraulic properties on pure limo ; he failed completely to see that day added to lime after calcination did not act in the same way as if it was calcined iritji it ; and in his experiments he invariably found that his water limes were pro- duced when the two materials were calcined together, as they must be when clayey limestones woro used. It seems singular that though Smeaton invariably found clay in every limestone which yielded hydraulic limo, and that he had to calcine that limestone to convert it into lime, it never struck him to try the effect of calcining the mixtures ho made of lime and clay. Had ho done this, ho might have discovered how to make hydraulic cement from what he calls " common lime." He, in fact, discovered nothing that wi,s not already well known to men who had already been brought up to building ; he measured, mixed, and tried materials which were already exten- sively used for water building, both in this country and on the Continent, and he did this merely to assure himself that the information he received was reliable. In fact, it is doubtful if he, in ITiJl, knew, with all his experience, as much about water limes as some workmen on the Bridge- water Canals, for they mixed clay with marl, and calcined both together to make limes for their waterworks, and they did this 60 years before Smeaton's book was written, and 30 years before he knew what water-lime meant. Contempo- raneous with Smeaton, others were working on the same svibject ; they were chemists, " phlogis- ton " men, and their experiments are as inters st- ing as the conclusions drawn from them are amusing ; but as a consideration of their methods cannot fail to be interesting, they will be considered in the next article. The true knowledge of limes and cements made slow progress, though these materials were in every- day use, and necessaries of civilised life. WE lay before our readers a paper by Jlr. Reginald Pelham Bolton, C.E., which appeared in the August issue of the Americim EiKjiiircriiiij 3{a(/iizinc. The proper relation of the architect to the engineer, which we ourselves discussed only a few weeks since, has become more and more delicate, because of the increasing complication of modern buildings and building methods, which compel more than ever the members of the two professions to be associated closely in the carrying on of the same structural undertaking. Discussion of these complexitfes is usually confined to members of the same pro- fession, and it is not often that the views of architects are laid before engineers, or vice cersu. The architectural profession, says Mr. Bolton, has not infrequently recognised its responsibility for the results of its professional work, and has advanced in many ways along lines of modern development. But it has curiously failed to recognise its responsibility in another and more important respect — namely, that of the acceptance of fees in payment for certain technical and artistic work which its members are not qualified by training to execute, and in which they are not expert in the same seose as they are in connection with actual building design. The position occu- pied by the profession in this regard is not logical, and has brought about a very disastrous state of affairs as regards their employment in the largest building enterprises. As the logical reiison for the employment of professional ability in the design of a building, in place of the employment of contractors or builders for the purpose, it is maintained by the profession that their members are a trained body, expert in the design and proper construction of the work they undertake to plan, uninfluenced by the considerations which affect the contractor or builder, and capable of giving economical and independent advice tD thoir clients. The client, it therefore follows, in employing an architect, engages and pays for a personal ability and technical knowledge of the subjects under consideration, and is entitled to a receipt of that personal capacity and technical information in each branch dealt with. If, therefore, tnu architect does cot possess expert knowledge on any one branch of his undertaking — and no one expects that any one of that wide profession should be so fully inf jrmed —he is under moral obligation to supplement his own deficiency in roipx't of any particular item involved — such as, s.ay, sculpture, mcdolling, decorative elTccts, landscape gardening, sanita- tion, boiler practice, chiiuney disign, olectiicil equipment, heating, ventilating, hydrostatic, elevator, foundation, steel construction, or other modern requirements — by the Kiuivulent expert and equally independent knowledge of otlvprs ; 320 THE BUILDING NEWS. Sept. 2, 1904, otherwise he is not giving his client value for his engagements. In other words, architects are naid for professional knowledge and experience upon all parts of the work they undertake, and cannot honestly accept pay for their services as amateur sculptors, artists, engineers, plumbers, and for amateur opinions upon technical subjects. Yet too many cf them not only do so, but stiU adhere to the old practice of obtaining informa- tion, guidance, proportions, even their plans and specifications, from contractors and prospective bidders. As regards engineering work, there are a few architects who by reason of a certain amount of habitude, possibly in some cases of a certain amount of training, possess a familiarity ■with some sanitary and engineering matters. But would they, if deprived of their architectural practice, undertake with that amount of know- ledge to enter upon independent practice as experts in those lines ': In other words, will any architect assert himself to ie as fully qualified in these matters as he professes to be, and is, in building design and construction ? Recognising the necessity of doing something, but desirous of avoiding the coat of employment of ability of a character and cost equal to their own, a number of architects have proceeded to a course ■which has proved peculiarly adverse to the in- terests and credit of the profession. They hire inadequate and often inexperienced help in the shape of assistants or draughtsmen, and put them forward as their substitute for technically trained expert assistance. One of the foremost firms of architects in the United States have in their employment, and put forward as their " consulting engineer," a very ■worthy, and in his own line deserving, man ■whom they took out of an engine-room. There are several others who pay their " consulting engineers" in their office from 20dol. to 30dol. per week, and permit this class of experience to pass upon and decide the important operating expenses of their clients. Such men are not only incompetent in the direc- tion of knowledge, experience, or ability, but an injury is inflicted upon the client which often Teflects back upon the architects, by placing such a class of men in control of matters where large sums of money and many competing and un- scrupulous interests are engaged. The very essence of the employment of professional men is that their " standing " shall protect the employer from corruption and undue influence ; and in passing over any part of their engagement to a lower class of employed and often underpaid labour, the architects very seriously compromise their employer's interests. Even when an in- dependent engineer is employed, he is often made to feel that he is only the agent of the architect, or is placed under obligations to make his designs coincide with the architect's views. The results are to be seen in many other- wise well-considered installations. There are 850 practising architects in New York, and "there are 17 independent consulting engineers employed on such cognate work, where there should be plenty of inducements and work for ten times the number. The architectural pro- fession have had this matter drawn to their attention by several enginetring societies, and have not only failed to correct their false position, but have embodied it in the provisions of their iorm of professional contract. As their selt- aufficiency evidently renders them deaf to the calls of plain dealing, it is necessary to direct the attention of those who employ them to the matter, so that the existing system may perhaps be remedied from without. I shall not lay myself open to any charge of one-sidednees, but freely admit that there are some engineers posing as architects to whom the same consideration can be inversely addressed. But it is to the general credit of my profession that they are an ex- tremely limited number. It is in connection especially with steam apparatus that this matter assumes peculiar proportions, for in this the owner's pocket is particularly and permanently assailed. If a few personally-conducted parties of steam users could be taken through some of the most modern firerooms in New York, they would certainly be convinced of the de- sirability of employing engineers on engineering work. Owners are of course largely to blame. But they do not realise what the position is. The me- chanical plant in a large ofiioe building is worth from 60,000dol. to 150,000dol. On this an architect commonly receives his commission of 2i per cent, to 5 per cent., or from l,500dol. to as much as 7,500dol. His outlay in respect of its design is frequently nothing, the whole being obtained from contractors. The steel structure may be competed for by more than one firm of contractors, but each maintains its own drawing- oSice, sometimes employing as many as 100 to 150 draughtsmen, the cost of which labour is added to the price, and thus the planning of this part of the work is frequently paid for by the owner of the building twice over. The Biulding-CoHf^truction Compuny, — The un- satisfactory conditions of service, as offered by the majority of the architectural profession, have led to the introduction of a recent development of the pretensions of the builder to the possession of the facilities of the architect, and for this development, directly hostile as it is to their own pretensions, the architectural profession have themselves, in their persistence in the foregoing practices, entirely to blame. I state this fact from personal knowledge of the reasons which induced the introduction in New York of the present system of general construction, the fore- going conduct of the architectural profession having been given to me as the cause by two of the leading concerns against wte>m the architects of New York are now loudest in their denunciations. By dint of liberal assertion, of active exertion on the part of young and alert employes, and of constant iteration of architectural shortcomings, the construction companies have plucked the ripest plums from the buUding orchard. They have calmly adopted the plans of architects, with- out credit or thanks, have walked off with their clients, belittled their abilities, thrown doubt on their capacity, sneered at their rectitude, and cold-shouldered their approaches to any under- standing. Their particular facility is that they, for a covering figure, can carry out all archi- tectural detail and engineering work without cost and with their own trained staff. This would be an excellent idea, if the staff were of that character ; but in point of fact, they have not yet grasped the fact that it would pay them to employ the highest class of professional ability ; and, therefore, the men employed by them in the work of design are often either small contractors, or are assistants of the same order as those to whom 1 have referred as being employed by some of the architectural profession. If the scope of these powerful concerns should eventually fully cover the field of building operation, the profession of architecture would be very completely visited for its shortcomings, since the avowed idea of the construction company is to allow the architects no more than the opportunity of producing general designs to be by them detailed and developed ; but, so far, owing to the very similar class of intelligence applied to their work of detail design, the result has often been poor architecture, and, more often stUI, poorer engineering. In respect to the latter, I regret to say that since the operations of these con- struction companies began, no advance whatever has been made in the improvement of the interior engineering of the buildings they have handled. In point of fact, their practice at present is the installation of poorer designs of mechanical equip- ment than were generally discredited before their methods obtained an ascendency in modem building operations. It is but a natural result of such a system that this should be the csise. A general contract for a great building is made on a condition which is the essential feature and object of the employment of a general con- tractor. It is that a building of a certain cha- racter, often identified only by a mere sketch or outline, or even by a partial reference to some existing building of a more or less similar type, shall be erected within a certain period for a certain sum, without any extra charges. Any attempt to introduce any detail of conveniences, of desirable materials, or of particular requirements, is met and combated by the objection that the builder must have a free hand in selection or in dealing with competing manufacturers ; otherwise the cost will be increased, or the time limit will be exceeded, or labour trouble may ensue. So the owner signs away his money and gets in return a complete structure, it is true, such as his picture showed, which is, however, built of the material, equipped with the class of apparatus, proportioned to the extent of liberality, and constructed by the class of labour which have best suited the policy or profit of the contractor. If by the inducement of the needs of this buOding a gain cm be made in another ; if by the sacrifice of a detail in one an extra can be avoided in another ; if by divert- ing proper laoour from one, less competent or cheaper labour can be utilised in another — then these policies are open to adoption, are liable to be adopted, and are and have been in many cases adopted. As to the designing work produced under this system, it is inferior and is done by inferior help, whose efforts are subordinated to the one predominating consideration of avoiding all avoidable cost, while at the same time evading the much-abused "extra," which in this class of contract, coming directly on the construc- tion company, is of course to be avoided at sill cost of sacrifice of efiiciency. The difficulty was overcome by directing the engineer to cut down the equipment to a sufli- cient extent to pay for the deficiency. The proper equipment was, therefore, cut from two boilers of ample capacity and one spare, to two boilers which, when forced, can just do the work ; two generators will barely carry -^ of the total lighting load, and fo only by overload ; the omission of every possible convenience and cross connection ; the reduction of the plumbing and character of the fixtures, and the slnnning of the heating arrangements down to the cheapest system. The owners have the satisfaction of knowing that their building is carried out " with- out extra," and has cornices of the anticipated appearance. But they do not know that they have not only paid an extra in full for the work, but also are paying an extravagant and per- manent interest on the achievement in their coal, repair, and labour bills. The Owner of rroperty. — I could multiply these instances ; but I do not know if there is any good in attempting to draw beneficial lessons for the education of an educated class which is, withal, tco careless or incapable to take elementary precautions as to its own rights and property. One' would suppose that a most limited intelligence would enable a property owner to perceive that he is not likely to get something for nothing out of a smart firm of general contractors. As regards the features of engineering character in their buildings, it might naturally be assumed that men of business capacity and of ordinary intelligence would, in a matter in which they are directly and per- manently liable for the cost of results, very closely examine into the conditions surrounding their future outgoings, with the aid of the best technical knowledge available. But that is rarely the case. Such people, when contemplating the construction of a buUding, are captivated by the ideas of outside design and interior decoration, and are under those influences to such an extent thatthe hard and mechanical details of engineering opera- tions are uninteresting to them. They are also very frequently dependent in all such matters on some mechanic in their employment, such as the operating engineer or fireman in their own home or other property. These men, when put forward (as they very frequently are) to discuss or suggest or even to proportion necessary apparatus in a new building, do so with the natural subserviency of their class, and come under the architect's or contractor's dominance, their employment in this manner often resulting in worse blunders than would have been the case without their limited ideas, and their liability to accept all kinds of assertions on the part of manufacturers. Not until it is much more widely understood that the mechanical apparatus in a building is the part of it that directly affects the pocket of the owner, that in it and by it he is constantly being defrauded and fleeced, will the present state of affairs be amended. I have recently had the opportunity of laying these views before one of the great mortgage-insurance companies, whose action will in future take into account the imper- fections and deficiencies of mechanical apparatus in the building in which they take an intereat. Sept. 2, 1904. THE BUILDING NEWS. 321 It may be that others will awake to this, to them, important element, and that through their action careless ownership will be aroused. Having sat for ten years past between these elements, and having had the good fortune not to fall into the evil graces of either, I am in hopes that my plain speaking will be taken in good part and that all parties will proceed to set their courses with a little more regard for their true interests in this age of engineering detail. And I am thankful to record my knowledge that there are architects who fully live up to their undertakings in the respects I have named, as there are builders who are conscientious, and as there are owners who are capable of appreciating the value of the old saw — " Every man to his trade." PORTLAND CEMENT.* THIS little treatise on the above subject was originally written in a series of articles for the Stone Trades Juiirna! by Mr. Davis. In the book form the subject can be more closely studied. The author furnishes information on the manufacture, chemistry, and testing of cement, which will be found of service by the consumer as well as the general student. Many excellent process and other illustrations enrich the pages of the book. In the introductory remarks, Mr. Davis points to the improved pro- cesses of manufacturers of the Continent and America. Invented in this country about 1756, our foreign rivals have surpassed us in the scientific principles of manufacture. Uur Continental competitors are enabled to ship cement, not only to this country, but to the centres of colonial trade. Our manufactarera make trips to Germany and America in search of information, and to examine the rotary kiln. Mr. Davis says, in fact, we must look to our laurels in making ourselves masters of the Continental and American methods of burning the raw material, for fuel is the most costly item in the manufacture of cement, and the average English works use 8 to lOcwt. of coke to bum material for a ton of cement ; whereas in many German works cement can be made with half the fuel. The Americans can do the same, and have, in addition, reduced the amount of labour required for the burning process ; in fact, " the cost of production has been reduced from about 1 83. per ton by the English method to about 1 3s. per ton by the employment of rotary kilns." The English manufacturer has lost ground in this direction. He says : " From the stand- point of construction, organisation, and operation, combining modem methods of production and general excellence of the finished product, America has without doubt furnished an object- lesson for English cement-makers, and we hear nothing to the time of writing, of American intrusion into English cement markets, simply because in the short space of time that he has been manufacturing, the American cement-maker can only supply the demand of his own market. But what will be the position of the English cement trade ultimately ^ Shall we give our home markets to our foreign rivals ? No ! We do not for a moment believe that this ■will be the case. We would prefer to look forward to the time when the English cement- maker will generally adopt the most up-to- date process, and improve upon it in such a way thiit he will be first m the field once more ; and with this end in view, at least as far as cement is concerned, he was never more active in improving his works than at the present time." This appeal is a timely warning to Eoglish manu- facturers of cement. They are very conservative and independent ; they dislike making alterations in their plant ; they stick to old chemical propor- tion ; and it is also true that the manufacturer labours under the necessity of working to very divergent and fastidious specifications. What he supplies is often of superior quality to that asked for by unscientific specifications, and thua may difl'-r in composition, fineness, and tensile strength. 'I'lio author gives the methods used in this country, while recording the progress that has iHtcly been made. A photo illustra- tion is given of a view of a modern dry- process comcnt-worksin England, with examples of reservoir wall in cement. The first work in which Portland cement was used is stated to ho the Thames Tunnel (18>8) ; it was then mainly a stucco cement. "Portland cement, of the uniform and reliable quality of to-day, is made chiefly from an airtificial mixture of carbonate of lime and clay in certain exact proportions : these substances form a compound in the manufactured material of lime, silica, and alumina. The generally-accepted composition for a properly- balanced material may be calculated as follows : — The proportion of lime equals 2-8 times the per cent, of silica plus I'l times the per cent, of alu- mina." Ifaw materials are dealt with in the next chapters ; their mixing, illustrated by the wash mills used in the " wet process," the Ivrupp grit or tube mill for wet grinding, mixing machines used in the dry process ; the estimation of the materials, and the methods used by the calcimeter and by titration. Ilj- A C. Davis, Fellow of the Chemical Ponisty, &c „,]..,•: iiBlcea 0« the .Stt.ut Tra,l,s J:u,ml, South- ARCHITECTURAL JOINERY. "ITTT! have received a copy of the Joinery W Catalogue issued by Goodall, Lamb, and Heigh way, Ltd., of Lower Broughton, Man- chester. This firm's high-class joinery, par- quetry, and wood flooring are well known to the profession. In this catalogue we have a series of designs for structural woodwork and interior fittings and decorations which wUl be of special interest to all architects. The first plate . is a bungalow executed by this firm in fire-resisting materials from the design of A. H. Baxter, archi- tect, of Liverpool. It is bold and effective. The other plate illustrates the interior of a sitting- room in plain panelled woodwork, very simple and artistic in treatment. It has a screened portion with seats. The staircase and woodwork decora- tions shown for a hall in the next plate are pleasing ; also the view of interior of a billiard- room and fittings, furnished and decorated by this firm. The cafe fitted and furriished with Burmese carved teak wood, the lounge and stair- case are unique examples, and show the artistic suitability of this style of carved teak- work to tea-rooms, restaurants, lounges, and other pur- poses. An example of a parquetry spring dancing floor by Goodalls is illustrated, this firm having executed a number of such floors, besides movable and ordinary parquet floors. Other photo-illustrations represent rooms in public buildings panelled and furnished by the Arm, a public library, a council chamber fitted and decorated with paintings, bank fittings, the decoration, furnishing, and fittings of theatres and concert-balls, the paneling with painted tapestries of the Grand Hotel, Harr..gate. The examples of shopfronts and interiors of shops carried out in mahogany, oak, teak, or walnut, including glass and fittings, with estimates, will be found of service to the pro- fession. These show handsomo treatments of woodwork, the price ranging from £300 to £.i50. The remaining plates of the book illustrate several artistic mantelpieces, one in oak with side cup- boards and decorated panels, also several designs for entrance and vestiliule doors, all very good, and broadly handled, in pine, oak, and mahogany or walnut, ranging from £8 to £17. The designs for doors in these several woods vary in price from Is. lid. to Is. per square foot for IJin. thick. The over doors include several forms of this finish, and there is a plate of dado panelling in effective framings, as Nos. 108, 111, 110, 113. Next wo have a decorated coiling, the relief being in wood carved strapwork fixed to plain plaster, and a few examples of wood rihhed ceilings in pine and oak. The patterns for casement and other windows are restrained and well treated. Constructional timbering is illus- trated by an ornamental gable with carved bargeboards, half-timber work, and muUionod windows, and the firm are prepared to carry out architects' designs for these and other features. The sketches for newels and staircase balustrades are effective, and avoid the commonplace turned and carved kind so often seen. These are num- bered, and the parts priced. The remaining plates comprise designs for porches, dovecots, garden seats in red deal and oak oiled, of artistic shapes, garden railings, tables, summer-houses. The illustrations are chiefly reproductions of original wash sketches, and can be fully relied upon by the architect. Catalogues of various special manufacture, like mantelpieces, parquetry furniture, and other detail can be had on appli - cation to Messrs. Goodall, Ltd. THE HARVARD STADIUM. THE steel - concrete work of the Harvard Stadium, or grand stand, to accommodate some 23,000 spectators at football and other games in the IJrighton district of Boston, is intended to form a permanent fireproof structure in place of the short-lived and unsightly wooden stands. The stadium consists of five parallel rows of steel- concrete girders, columns and piers round the \J -shaped area from tip to tip, and supporting & system of steel beams and trusses transversely. This transverse steel system in turn supports lines of steel-concrete slabs running round the U forming the seating floor. In a paper by Mr. Lewes W. Johnson, M.S.C.E., read before the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, the detailsof this construction are given, from which we may quote a few extracts. The steel- concrete work includes, besides all columns, piers, main girders, floors, and seating-surface, the outside and end walls, stair- cases, and parapets. ThedevelopedlengthoftheUat the outside row is 1,390ft., and the uniform width across from back to back of the wings 98ft. The area under cover is 120,0008q.ft., about 40 per cent, of which is devoted to the semicircular end, and the rest to the two straight ends. The lowest seat is about 8ft., and the highest about 48ft. above finished grade. There are 31 rows of seats. The length of stadium is 575ft., and the width 420ft. The highest part of the stracture now finished is 53ft. above ground. Most of the concrete work was cast in place in wooden forms ; the seating slabs were of a special mixture cast in sand moulds upon the ground in units weigh- ing 1,2001b. each, and after hardening were hoisted into place and set upon the supports. The concrete cast in the wooden forms is picked up so as to remove the board marks. The steel reinforcement consisted of Ransome cold - twisted square steel bars (from \xa. to lin.) supplemented in the seat slabs by a special wire netting with rectangular meshes electric- ally welded at the joints. The concrete used was of varying mixture, richer than the standard 1:3:6. Three divisions of the work went on simul- taneously— the casting of the standing concrete, the manufacture of the structural steelwork, and the concrete slabs. Details of the concrete work are given under these head: — (1) Columns (2) girders, (3) walls and parapets. The columns, consisted of twisted rods vertically placed at the comers, with or without horizontal hoops, at close intervals. This reinforcement consisted of |in. and Jin. rods, depending on size of column, one rod being placed near each corner of the column, and to prevent buckling square hoops of \'\a. rods encomp.iss them in horizontal planes at intervals. The columns range in size from 14in. square to 24iu by 33in. The cross- sections of columns were determined by applying an allowable com- pressive stress of 350 to 4001b. per square inch to the maximum combined live and dead load. The steel concrete girders were based on Prof. W. K. Halt's method. This method ignores the tensile strength of concrete, assumes a parabolic distri- bution of compressive stress, and assigns a posi- tion to the neutral ax's dependent upon the percentage which the cross-section of the steel tension Mango boars to the whole cross-section of girder. The maximum working stress on the concrete is kept from exceeding 5001b. to the square incli. The steel concrete beams included simple girders 24ft. 9in. in span, with sections IGin. b} 47in., 18in. by 45in., 22in. by (iOin., and 24 in. by COin., and two systems of curved cantilever girders, ISin. by 45in., and 24in. by (JOin. re.-pectively in section. The special problem in the construction of the walls and parapets was to provide against shrinkage, 80 as to minimise the evils of cracking. A full description of these methods is given ia the paper. The design was furnished by the 322 THE BUILDING NEWS. Sept. 2, 1904. Harvard Athletic Asaociation, the architectural design being in the hands of Messrs. C. F. McKim and G. B. de Gersdorff, of New York, the engineering details being carried cut by Mr. J. 1!. Worcester and the author of this paper; the whole under the direction of Professor Ilollis. The Boston Bridge Works contracted for the manufacture and erection of the steelwork, and the slate concrete work was done by day labour, the Aberthaw Construction Company being em- ployed as purchasing agents and as field executives to devise and operate the steel concrete construction plant. To prevent the unsightly cracks due to shrinkage of concrete in the walls and parapets steel reinforcements were depended on. Expansion joints were left at intervals of IGift. The author (observes Professor Halt) " found that 1:2:4 concrete with 1 per cent, reinforcement would stretch 0000S8 before cracking." Considere and A. L. Johnson lead us to suppose that this stretch may be considerably more. At any rate the margin seemed sufficient, and as the two faces of the wall in question were only 4in. thick, 1 per cent, reinforcement was quite feasible — only a jin. rod every Gin. being required — and was adopted. Thus far, after several months from the completion of the first of this work, neither crack nor opening of the joints in the whole extent of the two lines of nearly 1,400 linear feet each (with one or two in- significant exceptions), has come to the writer's notice. The joints not opening show that the concrete between them must have stretched as expected. The winter's experience is looked forward to with interest. STONE MOULDINO BY MACHINERY. ANEW stone-moulding machine bas just been introduced into this country from France ■which promises to effect a revolution in the present methods of hand-working. It has been patented by SIM. Blanpain and Jaspart, of Paris, and Mr. \V. Jennings, of Aberdeen, is responsible for its introduction into this country, the first machine to be erected being at Messrs. Kirkpatrick's, of Manchester, where we had last week an oppor- tunity of seeing the machine and the really ■wonderful work it turns out. The procedure is so simple that no skilled labour is necessary — the block of stone, which may be of varying sizes, according to the machine, is clamped on to a movable table, and thus held firmly against the abrasive wheel, which has previously betn turned to the required pattern. This is then made to revolve at a speed of 2,000 per minute, while the table travels horizontally as the wheel grinds out the stone tiU the desired mould is made. The stone is then left with an entirely smooth, half- polished surface, which requires no further dressing, save the raising of the polish. The principal patent lies, of course, in the composition of the abrasive of which adaptations are in pre- paration, such as to saw-ljlades, rock-drills, and rubbing-beds, which when fitted with it will have their power and utility multiplied many times. The trial the machine went through on our visit was a severe one. Various kinds of stone were submitted — first, a 5ft. length of Portland, on whiih a 2^in. mould was put on in 9| minutes. A piece of C'ariara marble, ISin. long, was moulded in 6i minutes, while a 3ft. length of Mexican onyx took ooly 10 minutes. Remarkable, however, as these operations were, they are unimportant compared with the last test, which was with red WeUh jasper. This stone, which is practically a pure silica, crushes at 2,474 tons to the square foot, as against 721 tons in Aberdeen grey. This stone has hitherto been practically unworkable ; in the machine it can be moulded at the rate of two inches per minute for a 2in. mould of fancy design, a 30in. length being treated m 48 minutes. When, as will be seen, a day's work of a man can be negotiated in less than half an hour with this machine, it will be at once apparent what a future there is before it. BRITISH STEEL AND FIRE-RESISTING i FLOORS. SINCE fire-resisting floors have become a necessity a great revolution in construction has occurred, and cost has become an important [ factor in the selection of a system. The idea of j stone and iron forming a fire-resisting floor j proving fallacious, attention naturally turned to a concrete of which the aggregate had passed through a furnace, and was therefore no longer combustible. To support a concrete floor girders acting as joists were required, and those used until recently were the ordinary sections suitable for general purposes. Intense competition arose, and i fireproofing specialists went to foreign countries ' for these joists, and many architects, surveyors, and engineers accepted them owing to the saving in cost. It has long been recogused that, although the tensile resistance of concrete under transverse stress is insignificant, its resistance to compressive force is of value, and may be utilised in a properly-designed floor or beam. The earlier ideas were to place rolled joists in the lower parts of concrete floors ; but it needs little thought to see this construction is not reliable, as under a bending stress the upper part of the concrete may split away from the lower part, in which the joists are imbedded, there being nothing to hold it together as a whole. Round bars of various curvatures have been used in concrete, intended no doubt as chains in a suspension bridge ; but this construction shows similar defects to those mentioned above, as it is obvious that in a composite beam or slab the component parts must be so held together that they will not separate under transverse stress. This means that the working concrete must be ineJosri by the flanges of the supporting joists, and any concrete above cannot be regarded in considering the strength of the beam. There is, however, no necessity for both flanges of the joists to be of the same width and thick- ness ; it is the duty of the lower flange to tike the tensile stress, and of the upper to keep the concrete, which resists part of the compressive stress compact between the flanges ; therefore in a properly designed floor the joists should have comparatively large bottom flanges, and top flanges only sufficient to inclose the concrete. Although numerous experiments have been made on the basis of the concrete taking the compressive stress, no practical formula has been reached, owing to the widely varying results and sudden breakages under the loading tests, and it has been left to a well-known inventor (Mr. Mark Fawcett), by his introduction of the joists as described above, to reduce this to a basis of reliability ; that is, that the deflection should be in exact ratio to the load, and sudden breakages prevented. A series of tests recently made at the East Greenwich Works have fully demonstrated Mr. Fawcett's theory to be correct, and the improved construction which makes a very considerable saving in metal, and therefore reduces the cost to the public, is being used on the Admiralty Buildings, the Leicester Post Office, and other im- portant works. It is gratifj'ing to find British inventors are once more to the fore, this latest advance having the eft'ect of excluding foreign steel on account of cheapness and superiority of construction — factors which weigh very heavily with the purchasing public. His honour Judge Philbrick, K.C., was engaged on Friday and Saturday at Totton, Hants, in trying a case in which the Cerne Rural District Council claimed from Messrs. Bragg and Son, timber merchants, Weymouth, £47 for damages to roads by extraordinary traffic, caused by the hauling of timber by traction engines. Counsel for the defence argued that traction traffic was not extraordinary of itself, that the roads in question were in a starved condition, and that the damage was caused by extraordinary roads, and not extraordinary traffic. Judgment was reserved. NEW MErHOD OF MANUFACTURING STEEL. IT is reported by Mr. John P. Bray, Consul- Gsneral, that successful experiments have just been made by the Iron, Steel and Metals Manufacturing Company at Melbourne, Victoria, for the purpose of proving the value of certain patent rights for the direct production of wrought iron and steel without first producing pig iron. Only a rough idea of the process may at present be had, though trial runs with New Zealand magnetic iron sand are now being made on a somewhat larger scale than hitherto. The sand is first separated from its gangue by electro-mag- netic separators, this treatment leaving a pure magnetic iron oxide. The sand is then fed from a bin into the furnace, which is entirely novel in its features, being chiefly mechanical and automatic in its operation. The ore drops from the bin into a slowly re- volving cylinder placed at such an angle that the ore travels forward continuously in it. As it does so it is heated to a dull red by the waste gases from subsequent operations. From this cylinder the ore drops into a second revolving cylinder, where the fine particles are subjected to the action of reducing gases which reduce the magnetic oxide of iron to the metallic form, at the same time permitting the particles to retain their individu- ality. From this second cylinder the reduced ore drops into a smelting bath at the bottom of the revolving cylinders, and the molten steel or malleable iron, as the case may be, is tapped from this whenever that operation is necessary. It will thus be realised that the process is one of great simplicity and yet of much ingenuity. Not the least interesting part of it is the use of fuel oil for heating purposes. This is employed to secure concentration of heat and direct application in the furnace work. It is found that the fuel oil pos- sesses many advantages over producer gas as used in existing smelting practice. The work done so far has demonstrated that not only is oil a cheap fuel, quite irrespective of the capital outlay that would be required it it was decided to utilise producer gas, but it is so thoroughly under control as to insure the best service. The temperature at which iron ore melts is given variously at from 1,500' to 2,000' Cent., according to its purity. The accurate gauging of temperature in the furnaces plays a very important part in the company's work, and accordingly an installation of thermo-electric thermometers has been made at the company's works. The apparatus consists of a "couple " consisting of a platinum-iridium junction inclosed in a metal tube fully 3tt. long, which is placed in the centre of the furnace, and the tem- perature is then recorded on the dial of a special form of voltmeter, each division on which repre- sents 25' Cent. This voltmeter reads up to 1,000', and is placed at any convenient distance from the furnaces. The various thermometers are connected with a switchboard, which is again connected with the " couples " or tubes in the furnace. In the installa- tion under notice four "couples" will be used, inserted in different parts of the furnace, and separately connected with the board, so that the reading of any thermometer can be taken, and any discrepancy in the heat of different points of the furnace can be quickly remedied. It is uiteresting to notice that the voltmeter is so extremely sensitive that variations of heat down to 0'5' were easily noticeable in the trial test. The greatest tempera- ture recorded was 1,300' Cent., equal to 2,310' Fahr. The extensive premises of Messrs. Wilson and Co. (Limited), builders' merchants. High-road, Totten- ham, were destroyed by fire on Saturday. The buildings, some of which were three stories high, covered about half an acre of ground. Some alterations are being carried out at the Law Courts during the Long Vacation, among them being the erection of a j ury box in King's Bench Court 7, and the installation of the electric light on the top floor of the east block at the Courts where gas has hitherto been in use. It is also intended that King's Bench Court C shall subsequently be provided with a jury box, and converted into a Court to try actions with j uries. Mr. G. F. Bodley, R.A., will read a paper on " The Cathedral and its Staff : How and Why our Old Cathedials were Built," at the meeting of the Church Congress at Liverpool. A block of shops, with residential flats over, is to be erected on the site of Nos. 258 to 206, Vauxhall Bridge-road (Victoria-street end). The building is to have a roof- garden approached by electric lift. The elevation will be carried out in red brick, with brick carving and terracotta dressings. Messrs. Palgrave and Co. , Westminster, are the architects. Mr. Arthur Melville, A.R.S.A., died at Red- lands, Witley, Surrey, on Sunday. The deceased began life as a grocer in an East Lothian village, but when a young man became a pupil of Mr. Campbell Noble. After a number of years spent in Spain, Mr. Melville returned to Edinburgh, and in 1886 was elected an Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy, Soon afterwards he removed to London, and for a number of years had been resident in Surrey. A site for a new presbytery for Mount Carmel Mission, Blackley, has been purchased from the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Co. After the erection of the presbjtery it is proposed to build a new church on the sites of the present church and presbytery, which face Boggart Hole, Clough. The foundation-stone of the new Roman Catholic Church for Barmouth was laid last week by the Bishop of Menevia. The building will be Early English in style, and capable of seating 250 worshippers. The architect is Mr. Alfred G ilbertson , Liverpool. The church will include a nave, of sanctuary, tower, and presbytery. The walls will be of Minft'ordd stone faced with Cefn freestone. A committee of the Dewsbury Corporation has recommended the purchase of the undertaking of the Yorkshire (Woollen District) Electric Tramways Company for £52.500 (excluding rolling stock). The town clerk has been instructed to apply for the necessary borrowing powers. Sept. 2, 1904, THE BUILDING NEWS. 323 Butlbing 3-utclligtuct EiiiNiiL'uoH. — Progress is being made with the erection of the new headquarters in Forrest-road, for the (Queen's Rifle Volunteer Brigade (Koyal Scots). In view of the building being much inclosed, and also with the object of keeping down expenses, no attempt has been made at an elaborately decorated exterior. The general design is a simple form of the Scottish Baronial style, and the walls are rubble covered with harl. | 35,762 |
US-201917269869-A_1 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,019 | None | None | English | Spoken | 6,564 | 8,752 | Mass correction
ABSTRACT
A method of mass spectrometry comprising the steps of: providing a library of background ion data including m/z data for multiple background ions in respect of different chromatographic conditions including a change of solvent composition from aqueous ( 1 ) to organic ( 3 ), chromatographically separating a sample containing analyte components, wherein the chromatographic separation is performed under a chromatographic condition in respect of which background ion data is provided in the library, analysing the sample to obtain sample data comprising m/z values for the sample components as a function of retention time (RT), and calculating one or more error values including ppm error as a function of retention time based on a comparison between background ions identified in the sample data and the library of background ion data. Outliers ( 4 ), corrupted measurements and inconsistent measurements at specific retention times are rejected.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a U.S. national phase filing claiming the benefit ofand priority to International Patent Application No. PCT/GB2019/052416,filed Aug. 30, 2019, which claims priority from and the benefit ofUnited Kingdom patent application No. 1814125.9 filed on Aug. 30, 2018.The entire contents of these applications are incorporated herein byreference.
FIELD
The present disclosure relates generally to mass spectrometry and inparticular to mass spectrometers and methods of mass spectrometry.
BACKGROUND
Chromatographic techniques such as liquid chromatography (“LC”) and gaschromatography (“GC”) coupled with mass spectrometry are routinely usedto analyse samples.
Various techniques have been proposed to attempt to correct mass tocharge ratio data obtained after performing chromatographic separationon a sample.
One technique is described in GB 2536536 (Micromass). This techniqueinvolves performing mass to charge ratio correction by reference tomatrix components which are present in a sample. The matrix componentsmay include components of biological matrices such as plasma, urine,faeces and bile, or, in other applications, components of matrices suchas soil and various types of food e.g. orange, ginger and apple etc.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,418,824 describes a method of calibrating a massspectrometer using a lock mass.
It is known to correct for mass to charge ratio drift in chromatographytechniques. For example, background ions such as solvent ions (or columnbleed ions in the case of gas chromatography), have been used to correctfor mass to charge ratio drift. These methods rely upon being able todetermine precisely the identity of the background ions, to enable anexact m/z ratio value for the background ions to be calculated based onthe known elemental composition of the background ions.
GB2383963 (Agilent) discloses correcting the time axis of localchromatographic data in comparison to stored reference data.
US2014/0260509 (Pohl) discloses a method of calibrating a chromatographysystem.
It is desired to provide an improved method of mass analysing a sampleusing chromatographic techniques.
SUMMARY
According to an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided amethod comprising:
- - providing a library of measured background component data, the measured background component data comprising, for each one of a set of a plurality of different chromatographic conditions, one or more physico-chemical properties of one or more background components expected to be detected when performing chromatographic separation under the condition; - chromatographically separating a sample, the sample containing one or more analyte components, wherein at least some of the chromatographic separation is performed under a chromatographic condition in respect of which background component data is provided in the library; - analysing the sample to obtain output data including sample data comprising one or more physico-chemical properties of one or more sample components as a function of retention time; - and calculating one or more error values as a function of retention time based on a comparison between one or more background components identified in the output data and background component data obtained from the library of background component data.
The methods disclosed herein are applicable to any chromatographicseparation technique and/or apparatus in which a mobile phase movesthrough a stationary phase. Thus, the chromatographic separation used insample analysis, is a chromatographic separation in which a mobile phasemoves through a stationary phase. The chromatography apparatus used insample separation is an apparatus for performing such a chromatographicseparation. It will be appreciated that, as discussed below, theapparatus used in obtaining the library data need not be the same as theapparatus used in subsequent chromatographic separation of a sample, butwill be of the same general type, to the extent that the mobile phasemay be the same, or sufficiently similar, to provide correspondingchromatographic conditions to those to which the library relates.Typically the stationary phase is held in a column. The mobile phaseincludes an eluent, which acts as a carrier for a sample to be analysed,moving the sample (and hence one or more analyte components) through thesystem. As the mobile phase moves through the stationary phase during achromatographic separation, analyte components from the sample elutefrom the separation system at different times, depending upon therelative affinity of the particular analyte component for the mobile orstationary phases. Analyte components with a stronger affinity for thestationary phase will spend more time immobilized in that phase, andtake longer to pass through the system, while analyte components with astronger affinity from the mobile phase will move more rapidly throughthe system. In this way, the analyte components may be separated andwill be detected at different times. The time between the sample beingintroduced to the chromatography apparatus e.g. column and beingdetected is known as the retention time. The methods described hereinmay be methods of mass spectrometry.
The eluent is a fluid, and may be a liquid or a gas.
The chromatographic separation of the sample may be a gas or liquidchromatographic separation e.g. liquid column chromatographicseparation. In gas chromatography, the eluent is a carrier gas, such asan inert gas e.g. helium, hydrogen or nitrogen. The stationary phase mayinclude a solid e.g. an adsorbent or a liquid supported on a solid. Inliquid chromatography the eluent is a liquid solvent.
When performing chromatographic separation, background components mayarise for various reasons. Background components are components whichare detected after passing through the chromatography apparatus which donot correspond to components introduced into the apparatus as part of asample i.e. analyte or matrix ions. For example, background componentsmay be or include components of an eluent e.g. one or more solventcomponents or a carrier, and/or any additives included in the eluent.Additives may be used for various purposes, e.g. to enhance ionisationefficiency. The background components may be solvent ion clusters orother solvent, or, more generally eluent, species. Alternatively oradditionally background components may include components which are notknown components of the eluent e.g. solvent. For example, detectedbackground components may arise from contamination of the eluent e.g.solvent or any other additives in the eluent. The eluent e.g. solventmay not be completely pure. The background components may alternativelyor additionally have leached out of glass or plastic components of theapparatus e.g. of the chromatographic column, a solvent delivery system,or any other tubing or fittings etc. Thus, the background components mayarise from any or all of; the known components of the eluent e.g.solvent or carrier gas and/or any additives, contamination of the eluente.g. solvent or carrier gas, and/or from materials of components of thechromatography apparatus. Often the source of particular detectedbackground components is not easy to determine, and may vary dependingupon the exact method and hardware used. In general, the term“background components” may refer to any components which do not formpart of the sample, i.e. an analyte, and where applicable, a matrix withwhich the analyte is introduced.
In general background components e.g. arising from contaminants areundesirable, but difficult to avoid, and, as the sensitivity of massspectrometer ion sources increases, become increasingly statisticallysignificant in mass spectra. Nonetheless, the Applicant has realisedthat the presence of background components may be useful, and can beexploited, in the context of identifying how obtained sample data shouldbe corrected.
As mentioned above, some prior art techniques involve using backgroundcomponents as internal calibrants during a chromatographic separation,in order to correct for m/z drift during and between analysis. However,such techniques require knowledge of the precise composition of thebackground components present. The Applicant has recognised that inpractice, it is not easy to know what background components are presentfor any given separation. The background components produced may varydepending upon the precise method and apparatus used. For example, achange in the composition of the eluent used e.g. a different solventmixture and/or additives, may give rise to different backgroundcomponents.
One factor which influences the background components produced is thechromatographic i.e. elution conditions used. When performingchromatographic separation, it is common to perform the separation undermore than one chromatographic condition, in order to change the way inwhich different analyte components elute. A given sample may includeanalyte components having significantly different retention propertiesunder any given set of chromatographic conditions. For example, for aparticular set of conditions, certain components may take too long toelute, or may not elute at all. If conditions are changed to reduce theretention time for these components, other components may elute soquickly that it is difficult to resolve their peaks. By performingseparation under multiple different chromatographic conditions,including conditions which enable both the faster and slower elutingcomponents to be adequately detected, this problem may be overcome. Insome techniques a chromatographic condition is varied during aseparation, whether continually or in a stepwise manner, between aninitial and final condition. Each one of the initial and finalconditions may be selected to favour the elution of a one of the fasterand slower eluting components. This may be referred to as “programming”.In gas chromatography, the column temperature may be varied in this way.In liquid chromatography, the composition of the eluent may be changedas a function of time. This may be referred to as “gradient elution” or“gradient programming”. As the background components produced aredependent upon the chromatographic conditions, this provides furtherdifficulty in trying to identify the background components present atany time.
The Applicant has realised that the background components expected to bepresent may be determined by measurement in relation to a set of aplurality of different chromatographic conditions. One or morephysico-chemical properties of the background components measured underthe applicable condition may be calculated and added to a referencelibrary. When a subsequent chromatographic separation experiment isperformed on a sample, at least in part under a chromatographiccondition in respect of which background data is stored in the library,one or more of the background components may then be identified in theoutput data, and an error value as a function of retention timecalculated based on a comparison of the one or more identifiedbackground components and the applicable library data. The methodsdisclosed herein rely upon the identification of background componentsin the output data by reference to one or more physico-chemicalproperties of the components e.g. a mass to charge ratio value, e.g.ratio, and therefore do not rely upon knowing the elemental compositionof specific background components.
The step of providing the library of background component data for eachone of the set of a plurality of chromatographic conditions may comprisepassing a mobile phase through a chromatography apparatus and performingmeasurements on the mobile phase under each one of the set of aplurality of different chromatographic conditions to determinebackground component data for each chromatographic condition, whereinthe measurements of the mobile phase to determine the backgroundcomponent data are performed while the mobile phase is being passedthrough the chromatography apparatus, and without the introduction of asample comprising an analyte to the mobile phase. The mobile phasecomprises an eluent. Thus, the background component data is obtainedthrough measurement of the mobile phase without the introduction ofanalyte. In embodiments, the chromatography apparatus comprises one ormore port to which a sample may be connected in use for analysis, andthe step of providing the library data is performed without connectionof a sample to any one of the ports. Passing a mobile phase e.g. eluentthrough a chromatography apparatus may comprise driving e.g. pumping themobile phase e.g. eluent therethrough. For example, in liquidchromatography techniques, an eluent may be driven e.g. pumpedtherethrough. The eluent may comprise a solvent that is pumped throughthe apparatus, e.g. from one or more source. Each source may beassociated with a given one of a plurality of solvent components (eachcomponent may then be pumped through the apparatus). A mobile phase e.g.eluent, such as a carrier gas, may similarly be driven through theapparatus in a gas chromatography technique. Passing the mobile phasee.g. eluent through the apparatus may, alternatively, involve allowingthe mobile phase e.g. eluent to be drawn into and through the apparatuse.g. by vacuum.
Thus, the step of providing the library of background component data maycomprise passing a mobile phase through a chromatographic separationapparatus and performing measurements on the mobile phase under each oneof the set of one or more different chromatographic conditions todetermine background component data for each chromatographic condition,wherein the mobile phase comprises an eluent, and the measurements ofthe mobile phase to determine the background component data areperformed without the introduction of a sample comprising an analyte tothe mobile phase.
It will be appreciated that the background component data for thelibrary may be obtained through measurement of the mobile phase whilethe mobile phase is passed through the same chromatography apparatuswhich is used in the subsequent separation of a sample. Thus, in someembodiments, the chromatography apparatus used in obtaining the libraryof background component data is the same as the apparatus used in thechromatographic separation of the sample. However, this is notnecessarily the case. It has been found that at least some of thebackground component data obtained for a library through measurement ofa mobile phase when passed through a given chromatography apparatusunder a plurality of different chromatographic conditions will beapplicable i.e. at least some of the background components may beexpected to be present, when a sample is chromatographically separatedunder one or more of the same chromatographic conditions using adifferent chromatography apparatus. The apparatus will, of course, be ofthe same generic type e.g. liquid or gas chromatography apparatus, suchthat the same chromatographic condition will arise e.g. a condition inrespect of a solvent composition or column temperature etc. Thus, theeluent of the mobile phase will typically be the same. It has been foundthat even background components arising from contaminants which haveleached out of plastic or glass components of the apparatus may becommon to multiple different apparatus, since similar materials tend tobe used. For example, certain plasticisers etc., are ubiquitous. Inembodiments, the chromatography apparatus used in obtaining the libraryof background component data and the apparatus used in thechromatographic separation of the sample are each a liquidchromatography apparatus or are each a gas chromatography apparatus (andmay or may not be the same apparatus).
In other embodiments, the background component data may be specific to aparticular chromatographic separation apparatus. The library ofbackground component data may be provided in respect of a givenchromatographic separation apparatus, the background component datacomprising, for each one of the set of a plurality of differentchromatographic conditions, one or more physico-chemical properties ofone or more background components expected to be detected whenperforming chromatographic separation using the apparatus under thecondition, and the chromatographic separation of the sample is performedusing the same apparatus.
The measured background component data may be measured by a massspectrometer. The chromatography apparatus may form part of the massspectrometer. The method may comprise using e.g. controlling the massspectrometer to provide the library of matrix data.
The step of providing the library may be performed as an initial stepprior to analysing a sample. The step may be performed as a preparatorystep. A chromatography apparatus may be set up, and library dataobtained in relation to at least some of the chromatographic conditionswhich are to be used in the subsequent sample analysis. The library datamay be specific to a particular experiment which is to performed usingthe apparatus. However, this need not be the case. It has been foundthat at least some of the background component data that is measured inrespect of each one of a plurality of chromatographic conditions may beapplicable whenever one of those conditions is subsequently used in theanalysis of a sample, even where this is using a different apparatus,and/or at a later time. The library data provides an internal referencelibrary.
The library comprises background component data for each one of aplurality of different chromatographic conditions. The library maycomprise background component data in respect of a plurality ofdifferent background components, and optionally a plurality of differentbackground components under each one of the plurality of differentchromatographic conditions. A comprehensive library of background datamay be built up to enable one or more background components to beidentified in a subsequent experiment analysing a sample. By includingmore background data in the library, relevant to differentchromatographic conditions, and/or multiple components under one ormore, or each of the different conditions, the library data may beapplicable more widely to a variety of subsequent experiments, providedthat they involve the use of at least some e.g. one or more of thechromatographic conditions to which the background data relates. Thebackground data may enable multiple background components to beidentified in the subsequent output data, and used in obtaining errorvalues. In embodiments, the library comprises background component datafor each one of a plurality of different chromatographic conditions,and, for each chromatographic condition, in respect of a plurality ofbackground components.
Thus, the library may comprise, for each one of a plurality of differentchromatographic conditions, background component data in respect of aplurality of different background components.
The set of a plurality of chromatographic conditions may be selected tocorrespond to conditions which are to be used in the subsequentchromatographic separation of a sample. The set of a plurality ofchromatographic conditions may correspond to at least some of thechromatographic conditions to be used in the subsequent chromatographicseparation of a sample. However, the conditions may be selected in anymanner. If background data is obtained in relation to a wider selectionof conditions, the library may be more widely applicable to a variety offuture experiments, whatever conditions are used therein. Eachchromatographic condition may be defined by a set of one or moreparameters. A value of at least one, and optionally only one parameterof the set of one or more parameters defining the chromatographiccondition may differ between the different chromatographic conditions(or as the conditions are varied).
The step of providing the library of background component data maycomprise varying a chromatographic condition while passing the mobilephase through the chromatography apparatus, and measuring backgroundcomponent data in respect of a plurality of different chromatographicconditions. The method may comprise varying a parameter of a set of oneor more parameters defining a chromatographic condition while the mobilephase is passed through the chromatography apparatus, and determiningbackground component data for a plurality of different values of theparameter defining the chromatographic condition to obtain thebackground component data. The chromatographic condition e.g. theparameter thereof may be varied between a starting point and an endpoint. The condition e.g. parameter thereof may be varied in acontinuous or step-wise manner. In embodiments, in contrast to the casewhen analysing a sample, when obtaining the library data, a number ofdifferent chromatographic conditions may be set up, and the backgroundcomponent data obtained in respect of each condition, rather thanvarying the condition e.g. continually over a range of values. This mayenable steady state conditions to be reached. For example, a parameterdefining the chromatographic condition may simply be set to a number ofdiscrete values. The different chromatographic conditions in respect ofwhich background component data is measured (e.g. the discrete values ofa parameter defining the chromatographic condition) may optionally bedetermined by performing an initial survey experiment to assess thedependence of background components on chromatographic conditions.
Thus, the step of providing the library of background component data maycomprise varying a chromatographic condition while passing the mobilephase through the chromatography apparatus, and determining backgroundcomponent data for each one of a plurality of different chromatographicconditions.
The method may comprise passing the mobile phase through thechromatography apparatus continuously while determining the backgroundcomponent data in respect of a given one of the plurality ofchromatographic conditions, and optionally throughout the process ofobtaining the background component data in respect of each of theplurality of different chromatographic conditions. The measurement ofthe background components in respect of each one of the plurality ofdifferent chromatographic conditions may be performed under steady stateconditions. The measurement of the mobile phase to obtain the backgroundcomponent data in respect of each of the plurality of chromatographicconditions is performed without the introduction of a sample. No sampleis introduced during the process of obtaining the library data.
For example, steady state conditions may be conditions under which thesolvent composition is fixed. The column of the apparatus will typicallybe at a constant temperature. For gas chromatography, under steady stateconditions, both the stationary and mobile phase are invariant intemperature, and the mobile phase composition is constant (althoughtypically the carrier gas includes only one gas component). The columnmay be at different temperatures in different regions, e.g. may exhibita temperature gradient, but the temperature, or temperature gradient, isnot changing with time.
In embodiments the method comprises holding the chromatographiccondition static while measuring the background component data for eachone of the plurality of different chromatographic conditions e.g. eachvalue of a parameter defining the condition. The measurement may beperformed under steady state conditions. As the library data is obtainedwithout introducing a sample, it is possible to hold the chromatographiccondition static for as long as desired or necessary, to obtainbackground component data. This is in contrast to techniques describedin GB 2536536 (Micromass), in which a library of matrix data is obtainedfor use in correcting sample data. As the matrix is part of a sample,obtaining library data in respect of matrix components must be performedin the context of analysing a sample. While chromatographic conditionsmay be varied during such a process, it is not possible to holdconditions static at any point in order to more accurately measure thematrix components. The sample is injected in a pulse at a given time,with the mixture then being separated as it passes through thechromatography apparatus, with each component of the mixture leaving theapparatus at a time defined by its retention time. The chromatographicconditions used during the separation typically vary according to apredefined program e.g. in a continual or stepwise manner betweeninitial and final values. In contrast, in the embodiments disclosedherein, as the library data concerns background components, and isobtained in a separate, and specific step while the mobile phase ispassed through a chromatography apparatus without the introduction of asample, and prior to any sample analysis, it is possible to holdchromatographic conditions static for as long as needed to obtaincareful measurements of detected background peaks. The mobile phase ispassed through the apparatus while the measurements are performed. Incontrast to the way in which a sample is pulsed into the chromatographyapparatus for chromatographic separation, the mobile phase e.g. eluentis not pulsed i.e. during the measurement of the background. The mobilephase is continuously passed into the apparatus during backgroundcomponent measurement, and subsequently, during sample separation.
Thus, the method may comprise holding the chromatographic conditionstatic while obtaining the background component data for each one of theplurality of different chromatographic conditions.
The background data for inclusion in the library may be obtained in anymanner from the results of measuring the mobile phase under theplurality of different chromatographic conditions.
The method may comprise selecting a subset of detected backgroundcomponents for inclusion in the library. The subset may be selected fromthe complete set of components obtained at each of the set of aplurality of different chromatographic conditions. For example, thosecomponents which are selected may be selected based on any one or onesof, a degree of resolution of the one or more physico-chemical property,the dominance of the component e.g. a measured intensity, a level ofconfidence in the accuracy of the measured one or more physico-chemicalproperty, the number of different chromatographic conditions under whichthe background peak is detected etc. It will be appreciated that a givenbackground component may not be detected under all chromatographicconditions for which library data is obtained. The step of measuring themobile phase may comprise obtaining one or more mass spectrum under eachone of the set of a plurality of chromatographic conditions, andidentifying one or more background components for inclusion in thelibrary in respect of each condition from the obtained mass spectra. Thelibrary may comprise, for each one of the set of a plurality ofdifferent chromatographic conditions, data indicative of thechromatographic condition, and, associated therewith, data indicative ofthe one or more physico-chemical properties of the or each backgroundcomponent expected to be detected under the condition. The one or morephysico-chemical properties of the or each background component may beor include a mass to charge ratio of the component. The chromatographiccondition data associated with background component data may be used inidentifying a retention time or retention time period at which thebackground component may be expected to be found in output data obtainedthrough analysing a sample. While the physico-chemical properties e.g.mass to charge ratio of a background component will generally beindependent of chromatographic condition, or hence retention time in theoutput data where such conditions are varied, whether or not thecomponent will be found at all will depend upon the chromatographiccondition, and hence retention time in the output data. The method maycomprise storing the obtained background component data to provide thelibrary. Conversely, the library may comprise, for each one of the oneor more background components expected to be detected when performingchromatographic separation under a condition, data indicative of the oneor more physico-chemical properties of the background component, anddata indicative of the chromatographic condition under which thecomponent is expected to be detected associated therewith.
Thus, the step of measuring the mobile phase to obtain the backgroundcomponent data in respect of each chromatographic condition may compriseobtaining one or more mass spectrum under each one of the set of aplurality of chromatographic conditions, and identifying one or morebackground components in respect of each chromatographic condition forinclusion in the library. The physico-chemical data in respect of the oreach background component may be a mass to charge ratio.
In some embodiments each one of the set of one or more differentchromatographic conditions is a different temperature setting of aseparation column of a chromatography apparatus. The parameter which isvaried between the different conditions may then be the temperature ofthe column. The one or more chromatography apparatus used in obtainingthe library data and sample data are then each a gas chromatographyapparatus.
Thus, the chromatographic separation apparatus used in providing thelibrary of background component data may be a gas chromatographicseparation apparatus comprising a separation column, and the mobilephase may comprise a carrier gas, and each one of the set of one or moredifferent chromatographic conditions may be a different temperaturesetting of the separation column of the chromatographic separationapparatus.
In other embodiments, the each one of the set of one or more differentchromatographic conditions is a different composition of an eluent ofthe mobile phase. The one or more chromatography apparatus used inobtaining the library data and sample data may then be a liquidchromatography apparatus. In embodiments the mobile phase e.g. eluentcomprises a solvent, and each chromatographic condition is a differentcomposition of the solvent. The step of varying a composition of theeluent may comprise varying a composition of the eluent e.g. solvent.This may be referred to as performing gradient elution. The parametermay then be a composition of the eluent e.g. a solvent ratio. Inembodiments, the solvent comprises a plurality of different solventcomponents, and the method comprises varying the ratio of the componentsof the solvent e.g. between a starting point and an end point. Librarydata may be obtained in respect of multiple different solvent ratios. Inembodiments there are two different solvent components. For example, thesolvents may be aqueous and organic solvents respectively. The solventratio of the two components may be varied in the range of from 1:0 to0:1. For obtaining background component data for the library, the ratiomay be set to one or more, optionally a plurality, of different valueswithin this range for background component measurement. However it isenvisaged that there may be three, or even more solvent components. Thesolvent composition may be varied in accordance with a solvent gradient.
Thus, the chromatographic separation apparatus used in providing thelibrary of background component data may be a liquid chromatographicseparation apparatus, and the mobile phase may comprise a solvent, eachone of the set of one or more different chromatographic conditions maybe a different composition of the solvent, optionally wherein thesolvent comprises multiple components, and the composition of thesolvent is a ratio of the solvent components.
It will be appreciated that other chromatographic conditions may be usedthat may have an impact on the background components measured. Forexample, it is envisaged that each different chromatographic conditionmay be a different pH of the eluent. Background component data may beobtained for different pH levels of the eluent. The pH level may bevaried e.g. according to a gradient. Any condition which may be variedto change the background components measured may be used.
A chromatographic condition which is varied (or a value of a parameterdefining a chromatographic condition which is varied) may be asolvent/eluent composition e.g. ratio of a solvent/eluent, or atemperature of a column etc. It will be appreciated that the backgroundcomponent data in the library is obtained through measurement, ratherthan a theoretical calculation. The eluent in respect of which thebackground component data for the library is obtained, and which is usedin the subsequent separation of the sample may be the same type, and atleast some of the time during the separation, may be of the samecomposition.
The chromatographic condition(s) in respect of which backgroundcomponent data is obtained and used to provide the library may beconditions which are expected to be used in the subsequent sampleanalysis. Thus, the library may optionally be provided specific to aparticular sample analysis experiment that is to be performed e.g. as apreparatory step.
It will be appreciated that the method may comprise performing aninitial measurement step in the absence of the sample to obtain thelibrary data, and then performing the chromatographic separation of thesample. It is envisaged that an initial survey experiment may beperformed prior to the obtaining of the library data, in order toidentify major background components as a function of chromatographicconditions. This survey experiment may explore the way in which detectedbackground ions depend upon chromatographic conditions, and help toidentify the number and nature of chromatographic conditions to beincluded in the library. However, this is optional.
Some calibration may be performed of the mass spectrometer during orprior to obtaining the background component data for the library. Thismay help to compensate for any significant m/z drift.
The background component data in the library may comprise one or morephysico-chemical properties of one or more background components inrespect of at least 2, 3, 4 or 5 different chromatographic conditions.
The chromatographic separation of the sample may be performed under anychromatographic condition or conditions (e.g. a varying chromatographiccondition, such as solvent ratio or column temperature), provided thatthe condition(s) include at least some e.g. one or more chromatographiccondition in respect of which background data is provided in thelibrary. Where the chromatographic separation is performed under one ormore chromatographic condition which corresponds to i.e. is the same as,a chromatographic condition in respect of which library data has beenobtained, it may be assumed that corresponding background componentswill be found in the output data obtained when analysing the sample.
The chromatographic separation of the sample may be performed under aplurality of different chromatographic conditions. The step ofchromatographically separating the sample may comprise varying achromatographic condition as chromatographic separation is performed.The method may comprise determining output data including sample datafor a plurality of different chromatographic conditions e.g. values of aparameter of a set of one or more parameters defining thechromatographic condition. The chromatographic condition e.g. theparameter thereof may be varied between a starting point and an endpoint. The condition e.g. parameter may be varied in a continuous orstep-wise manner. Varying of the chromatographic condition may beperformed in any of the manners described in relation to obtaining thebackground component data for the library, although will typically willnot be held static for periods of time at different conditions, or atleast for such long periods of time, with conditions instead beingvaried in a more continual manner and/or at a faster rate. The conditionmay be varied in accordance with a program. The condition may be variedat different rates throughout the separation, depending upon the programselected.
In some embodiments the chromatographic separation is a gaschromatographic separation, and each one of the set of a plurality ofdifferent chromatographic conditions under which separation of thesample is performed is a different temperature setting of a separationcolumn of the chromatographic separation apparatus. The parameter whichis varied between the different conditions may then be the temperatureof the column.
In general, the different chromatographic conditions may be provided byvarying the mobile phase (e.g. eluent), e.g. by varying a compositionthereof.
In other embodiments, the chromatographic separation is a liquidchromatographic separation, and each one of the set of a plurality ofdifferent chromatographic conditions under which separation of thesample is performed is a different composition of the eluent. Inembodiments the eluent comprises a solvent, and each chromatographiccondition is a different composition of the solvent. The step of varyinga composition of the eluent may comprise varying a composition of theeluent e.g. solvent. This may be referred to as performing gradientelution. The parameter may then be a composition of the eluent e.g. asolvent ratio. In embodiments, the solvent comprises a plurality ofdifferent solvent components, and the method comprises varying the ratioof the components of the solvent e.g. between a starting point and anend point. In embodiments there are two different solvent components.For example, the solvents may be aqueous and organic solventsrespectively. The solvent ratio of the two components may be varied inthe range of from 1:0 to 0:1. However it is envisaged that there may bethree, or even more solvent components. The solvent composition may bevaried in accordance with a solvent gradient.
The method may comprise using a mass spectrometer to analyse the sample(i.e. to provide the output data). The mass spectrometer may comprisethe chromatography apparatus used to separate the sample. The massspectrometer may or may not be the same mass spectrometer used to obtainthe library data.
The output data obtained by analysing the sample will include sampledata and background component data. The background component datacomprises one or more physico-chemical properties of one or morebackground components as a function of retention time. It will beappreciated that a given background component may or may not appear overthe full range of retention times associated with the output data.
The step of calculating one or more error values may comprisedetermining a difference, in respect of a particular retention time orretention time period, between a physico-chemical property of abackground component identified in the output data (e.g. as measuredusing the mass spectrometer), and a corresponding physico-chemicalproperty of the background component according to the library data. Itwill be appreciated that the error in respect of a particular backgroundcomponent may be dependent upon retention time. The physico-chemicalproperty of the background component according to the library data maybe independent of the chromatographic condition used in obtaining thebackground component data.
Thus, the step of calculating one or more error values may comprisedetermining, for one or more background component identified in theoutput data, a difference, in respect of one or more retention time orretention time period, between a physico-chemical property of thebackground component identified in the output data and a correspondingphysico-chemical property of the background component according to thelibrary data.
The comparison between the one or more background components in theoutput data and the background component data from the library may be acomparison between one or more physico-chemical properties of one ormore background components in the output data with the same one or morephysico-chemical properties of the same background components in thelibrary data. The physico-chemical property is optionally mass to chargeratio.
The one or more error values are calculated based on a comparison, forone or more retention times or retention time periods, between one ormore background components identified in the output data andcorresponding background component data obtained from the library ofbackground component data. The comparison may be, for each identifiedbackground component, a comparison between the identified backgroundcomponent and data relating to the same background component selectedfrom the library. It will be appreciated that the chromatographiccondition applicable at each retention time or retention time periodwill be derivable based on knowledge of the way in which thechromatographic condition was varied (if varied) during thechromatographic separation of the sample e.g. based on a program used tocontrol the condition.
The method may comprise identifying a set of one or more components e.g.peaks in the output data for the or each retention time or retentiontime period which correspond to a background component e.g. peak. Themethod may comprise using only a subset of the identified componentse.g. peaks in calculating the one or more error values. The method maycomprise discarding a remainder of the components or peaks. Thediscarded components e.g. peaks may be components e.g. peaks which aredeemed to be in error, and/or inconsistent with other data. For example,outliers, corrupted measurements and inconsistent measurements atspecific retention times may be rejected. Signals may be deemedcorrupted or unreliable if they are assessed as suffering from m/zinterference or detector saturation, or are below a preset intensityvalue. Outliers and inconsistent peaks may be identified as measurementswhich are not consistent, within calculated statistical precision, withthe other measurements at the same retention time or at a retention timeimmediately before or after the specific retention time.
Identifying a background component in the output data may be carried outin any suitable manner. The step of identifying a background componentmay comprise selecting a given background component in respect of agiven chromatographic condition from the library, wherein thechromatographic condition is a condition used in the chromatographicseparation of the sample, and searching for the background component inthe output data. The step of searching for the background component maycomprise using the chromatographic condition with which the backgroundcomponent is associated in the library data to identify one or moreretention time or retention time period of the output data at which thebackground component is expected to appear. The method may compriseidentifying the or each background component in the output data atmultiple retention times. It is envisaged that instead, backgroundcomponents may be identified in the output data without reference to thelibrary data, with the comparison to the library data to obtain the oneor more error values then being made.
The method may comprise using at least some, and optionally all of thebackground component data in the library in calculating the one or moreerror values. In embodiments in which the background component data inthe library is in respect of a plurality of chromatographic conditions,each of which is used in the separation of the sample, all of thebackground component data may be used. It is not necessary to look forcertain background components in respect of certain subsets of theoutput data e.g. relating to particular retention times, as it may beassumed that all background components should be encountered somewhere.However, in some embodiments, the step of identifying a backgroundcomponent in the output data comprises using a chromatographic conditionassociated with a background component from the library to identify aretention time or retention time period at which the backgroundcomponent is expected to appear in the output data. This may help toavoid false positives, as only background components which are expectedto be found in the output data in a particular retention time periodwill be sought.
The step of calculating one or more error values as a function ofretention time may involve determining an error value for each of one ormore background components as a function of retention time. The methodmay comprise determining an error value in respect of each one of aplurality of background components identified in the output data as afunction of retention time and determining an overall error value as afunction of retention time based on the error values for each ofindividual background components. This may be carried out using someform of averaging or summing etc. It is advantageous to take intoaccount multiple background components, as not all components willnecessarily appear at each retention time.
| 35,935 |
https://github.com/avajs/ava/blob/master/test-tap/helper/replay-report.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,023 | ava | avajs | JavaScript | Code | 33 | 136 | #!/usr/bin/env node
import fs from 'node:fs';
import {setTimeout as delay} from 'node:timers/promises';
import TTYStream from './tty-stream.js';
const lines = fs.readFileSync(process.argv[2], 'utf8').split(TTYStream.SEPARATOR.toString('utf8'));
while (lines.length > 0) {
process.stdout.write(lines.shift());
// eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
await delay();
}
| 5,879 |
https://github.com/jb55/lnsocket/blob/master/lnsocket_lib.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | lnsocket | jb55 | JavaScript | Code | 1,023 | 3,896 |
async function lnsocket_init() {
const module = await Module()
function SocketImpl(host) {
if (!(this instanceof SocketImpl))
return new SocketImpl(host)
if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {
console.log("WebSocket", typeof WebSocket)
const ok = host.startsWith("ws://") || host.startsWith("wss://")
if (!ok)
throw new Error("host must start with ws:// or wss://")
const ws = new WebSocket(host)
ws.ondata = function(fn) {
ws.onmessage = (v) => {
const data = v.data.arrayBuffer()
fn(data)
}
}
return ws
}
//
// we're in nodejs
//
const net = require('net')
let [hostname,port] = host.split(":")
port = +port || 9735
const socket = net.createConnection(port, hostname, () => {
socket.emit("open")
})
socket.addEventListener = socket.on.bind(socket)
if (socket.onmessage)
throw new Error("socket already has onmessage?")
socket.ondata = (fn) => {
socket.on('data', fn)
}
socket.close = () => {
socket.destroy()
}
if (socket.send)
throw new Error("socket already has send?")
socket.send = function socket_send(data) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
socket.write(data, resolve)
});
}
return socket
}
const ACT_ONE_SIZE = 50
const ACT_TWO_SIZE = 50
const ACT_THREE_SIZE = 66
const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 15000
const COMMANDO_REPLY_CONTINUES = 0x594b
const COMMANDO_REPLY_TERM = 0x594d
const lnsocket_create = module.cwrap("lnsocket_create", "number")
const lnsocket_destroy = module.cwrap("lnsocket_destroy", "number")
const lnsocket_encrypt = module.cwrap("lnsocket_encrypt", "number", ["int", "array", "int", "int"])
const lnsocket_decrypt = module.cwrap("lnsocket_decrypt", "number", ["int", "array", "int"])
const lnsocket_decrypt_header = module.cwrap("lnsocket_decrypt_header", "number", ["number", "array"])
const lnsocket_msgbuf = module.cwrap("lnsocket_msgbuf", "number", ["int"])
const lnsocket_act_one = module.cwrap("lnsocket_act_one", "number", ["number", "string"])
const lnsocket_act_two = module.cwrap("lnsocket_act_two", "number", ["number", "array"])
const lnsocket_print_errors = module.cwrap("lnsocket_print_errors", "int")
const lnsocket_genkey = module.cwrap("lnsocket_genkey", "int")
const lnsocket_make_default_initmsg = module.cwrap("lnsocket_make_default_initmsg", "int", ["int", "int"])
const lnsocket_make_ping_msg = module.cwrap("lnsocket_make_ping_msg", "int", ["int", "int", "int", "int"])
const commando_make_rpc_msg = module.cwrap("commando_make_rpc_msg", "int", ["string", "string", "string", "number", "int", "int"])
function concat_u8_arrays(arrays) {
// sum of individual array lengths
let totalLength = arrays.reduce((acc, value) =>
acc + (value.length || value.byteLength)
, 0);
if (!arrays.length) return null;
let result = new Uint8Array(totalLength);
let length = 0;
for (let array of arrays) {
if (array instanceof ArrayBuffer)
result.set(new Uint8Array(array), length);
else
result.set(array, length);
length += (array.length || array.byteLength);
}
return result;
}
function parse_msgtype(buf) {
return buf[0] << 8 | buf[1]
}
function wasm_mem(ptr, size) {
return new Uint8Array(module.HEAPU8.buffer, ptr, size);
}
function LNSocket(opts) {
if (!(this instanceof LNSocket))
return new LNSocket(opts)
this.opts = opts || {
timeout: DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
}
this.queue = []
this.ln = lnsocket_create()
}
LNSocket.prototype.queue_recv = function() {
let self = this
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const checker = setInterval(() => {
const val = self.queue.shift()
if (val) {
clearInterval(checker)
resolve(val)
} else if (!self.connected) {
clearInterval(checker)
reject()
}
}, 5);
})
}
LNSocket.prototype.print_errors = function _lnsocket_print_errors() {
lnsocket_print_errors(this.ln)
}
LNSocket.prototype.genkey = function _lnsocket_genkey() {
lnsocket_genkey(this.ln)
}
LNSocket.prototype.act_one_data = function _lnsocket_act_one(node_id) {
const act_one_ptr = lnsocket_act_one(this.ln, node_id)
if (act_one_ptr === 0)
return null
return wasm_mem(act_one_ptr, ACT_ONE_SIZE)
}
LNSocket.prototype.act_two = function _lnsocket_act_two(act2) {
const act_three_ptr = lnsocket_act_two(this.ln, new Uint8Array(act2))
if (act_three_ptr === 0) {
this.print_errors()
return null
}
return wasm_mem(act_three_ptr, ACT_THREE_SIZE)
}
LNSocket.prototype.connect = async function lnsocket_connect(node_id, host) {
await handle_connect(this, node_id, host)
const act1 = this.act_one_data(node_id)
this.ws.send(act1)
const act2 = await this.read_all(ACT_TWO_SIZE)
if (act2.length != ACT_TWO_SIZE) {
throw new Error(`expected act2 to be ${ACT_TWO_SIZE} long, got ${act2.length}`)
}
const act3 = this.act_two(act2)
this.ws.send(act3)
}
LNSocket.prototype.connect_and_init = async function _connect_and_init(node_id, host) {
await this.connect(node_id, host)
await this.perform_init()
}
LNSocket.prototype.read_all = async function read_all(n) {
let count = 0
let chunks = []
if (!this.connected)
throw new Error("read_all: not connected")
while (true) {
let res = await this.queue_recv()
const remaining = n - count
if (res.byteLength > remaining) {
chunks.push(res.slice(0, remaining))
this.queue.unshift(res.slice(remaining))
break
} else if (res.byteLength === remaining) {
chunks.push(res)
break
}
chunks.push(res)
count += res.byteLength
}
return concat_u8_arrays(chunks)
}
LNSocket.prototype.read_header = async function read_header() {
const header = await this.read_all(18)
if (header.length != 18)
throw new Error("Failed to read header")
return lnsocket_decrypt_header(this.ln, header)
}
LNSocket.prototype.rpc = async function lnsocket_rpc(opts) {
const msg = this.make_commando_msg(opts)
this.write(msg)
const res = await this.read_all_rpc()
return JSON.parse(res)
}
LNSocket.prototype.recv = async function lnsocket_recv() {
const msg = await this.read()
const msgtype = parse_msgtype(msg.slice(0,2))
const res = [msgtype, msg.slice(2)]
return res
}
LNSocket.prototype.read_all_rpc = async function read_all_rpc() {
let chunks = []
while (true) {
const [typ, msg] = await this.recv()
switch (typ) {
case COMMANDO_REPLY_TERM:
chunks.push(msg.slice(8))
return new TextDecoder().decode(concat_u8_arrays(chunks));
case COMMANDO_REPLY_CONTINUES:
chunks.push(msg.slice(8))
break
default:
console.log("got unknown type", typ)
continue
}
}
}
LNSocket.prototype.make_commando_msg = function _lnsocket_make_commando_msg(opts) {
const buflen = 4096
let len = 0;
const buf = module._malloc(buflen);
module.HEAPU8.set(Uint8Array, buf);
const params = JSON.stringify(opts.params||{})
if (!(len = commando_make_rpc_msg(opts.method, params, opts.rune,
0, buf, buflen))) {
throw new Error("couldn't make commando msg");
}
const dat = wasm_mem(buf, len)
module._free(buf);
return dat
}
LNSocket.prototype.make_ping_msg = function _lnsocket_make_ping_msg(num_pong_bytes=1, ignored_bytes=1) {
const buflen = 32
let len = 0;
const buf = module._malloc(buflen);
module.HEAPU8.set(Uint8Array, buf);
if (!(len = lnsocket_make_ping_msg(buf, buflen, num_pong_bytes, ignored_bytes)))
throw new Error("couldn't make ping msg");
const dat = wasm_mem(buf, len)
module._free(buf);
return dat
}
LNSocket.prototype.encrypt = function _lnsocket_encrypt(dat) {
const len = lnsocket_encrypt(this.ln, dat, dat.length)
if (len === 0) {
this.print_errors()
throw new Error("encrypt error")
}
const enc = wasm_mem(lnsocket_msgbuf(this.ln), len)
return enc
}
LNSocket.prototype.decrypt = function _lnsocket_decrypt(dat) {
const len = lnsocket_decrypt(this.ln, dat, dat.length)
if (len === 0) {
this.print_errors()
throw new Error("decrypt error")
}
return wasm_mem(lnsocket_msgbuf(this.ln), len)
}
LNSocket.prototype.write = function _lnsocket_write(dat) {
this.ws.send(this.encrypt(dat))
}
LNSocket.prototype.read = async function _lnsocket_read() {
const size = await this.read_header()
const enc = await this.read_all(size+16)
return this.decrypt(enc)
}
LNSocket.prototype.make_default_initmsg = function _lnsocket_make_default_initmsg() {
const buflen = 1024
let len = 0;
const buf = module._malloc(buflen);
module.HEAPU8.set(Uint8Array, buf);
if (!(len = lnsocket_make_default_initmsg(buf, buflen)))
throw new Error("couldn't make initmsg");
const dat = wasm_mem(buf, len)
module._free(buf);
return dat
}
LNSocket.prototype.perform_init = async function lnsocket_connect() {
await this.read()
const our_init = this.make_default_initmsg()
this.write(our_init)
}
LNSocket.prototype.ping_pong = async function lnsocket_ping_pong() {
const pingmsg = this.make_ping_msg()
this.write(pingmsg)
return await this.read()
}
LNSocket.prototype.disconnect = function lnsocket_disconnect() {
if (this.connected === true && this.ws) {
this.ws.close()
return true
}
return false
}
LNSocket.prototype.destroy = function _lnsocket_destroy() {
this.disconnect()
lnsocket_destroy(this.ln)
}
function handle_connect(ln, node_id, host) {
const ws = new SocketImpl(host)
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const timeout = ln.opts.timeout || DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
const timer = setTimeout(reject, timeout);
ws.ondata((v) => {
ln.queue.push(v)
});
ws.addEventListener('open', function(ev) {
ln.ws = ws
ln.connected = true
clearTimeout(timer)
resolve(ws)
});
ws.addEventListener('close', function(ev) {
ln.connected = false
});
})
}
return LNSocket
}
Module.init = Module.lnsocket_init = lnsocket_init
| 46,764 |
R_G_TMB_N282_1 | WTO | Open Government | Various open data | null | None | None | French | Spoken | 2,114 | 7,431 | ORGANISATION MONDIALE G/TMB/N/282
22juillet 1997
DUCOMMERCE(97-3027)
Original: anglais Organe desupervision destextiles
ACCORD SUR LESTEXTILES ETLESVETEMENTS
Notification autitredel'article 2:17
ETATS-UNIS
Dispositions administratives convenues aveclesPhilippines
LesEtats-Unis ontfaitparvenir àl'Organe desupervision destextiles unenotification autitre
duparagraphe 17del'article 2.L'OSpT distribue cettenotification auxMembres del'OMC pour
information.G/TMB/N/282
Page2
Secrétariat général delaPrésidence
Bureau duReprésentant desEtats-Unis pour
lesquestions commerciales internationales
Le28février 1997
Monsieur l'Ambassadeur,
Vous trouverez ci-joint unenotification, présentée parleGouvernement demonpaysautitre
del'article 2:17del'Accord surlestextiles etlesvêtements, desdispositions administratives concernant
lespayssuivants: Brésil, Colombie, Corée, Costa Rica, Emirats arabes unis, Fidji, Haïti, Hongrie,
Inde, Indonésie, Macao, Malaisie, Philippines1,Qatar, Roumanie, SriLanka, Thaïlande etUruguay.
Veuillez agréer, Monsieur l'Ambassadeur, lesassurances demahaute considération.
(signé) RitaHayes
Ambassadeur
Négociateur enchefpourlestextiles
Monsieur l'Ambassadeur András Szepesi
Président
Organe desupervision destextiles
Organisation mondiale ducommerce
154,ruedeLausanne
1211 Genève
1LeprésentdocumentcontientlesdispositionsadministrativesconvenuesaveclesPhilippines.Lesdispositions
convenues avec lesautres Membres énumérés ci-dessus feront l'objet dedocuments distincts.
Note: L'annexe Bmentionnée dans letexte contient lalistedesrestrictions notifiées parlesEtats-Unis
conformément àl'article 2:1etnefaitdonc paspartie desdispositions administratives.G/TMB/N/282
Page3
PHILIPPINES
Lesdispositions ci-après sonttirées del'Accord bilatéral surlestextiles etlesvêtements conclu
entre lesEtats-Unis etlesPhilippines 10et19mars 1994; ellesontétéjugées nécessaires àlamise
enoeuvre satisfaisante desrestrictions notifiées àl'Organe desupervision destextiles autitrede
l'article 2:1del'Accord surlestextiles etlesvêtements.
Classification
3.A)Lespeignés etfilés, tissus, articles confectionnés, vêtements etautres articles manufacturés
entextiles (c'est-à-dire articles dontlaprincipale caractéristique découle deleurteneur en
textiles) encoton, laine, fibres synthétiques ouartificielles, mélanges desoie,fibres végétales
autres quelecoton oumélange detelles fibres, dontlaprincipale composante (enpoids) est
constituée paruneouplusieurs decesfibres, sontvisés parleprésent accord. Leséléments
d'unarticle quinesontpasconsidérés comme pertinents pourlaclassification danslesRègles
générales pourl'interprétation duSystème harmonisé oulesnotes relatives àsasection XI
nelesontpasnonplusauxfinsduprésent accord.
B) Auxfinsduprésent accord, lesproduits textiles relevant duparagraphe 2A)2ci-dessus seront
classés comme suit:
I) Textiles enfibres synthétiques ouartificielles, sileproduit estprincipalement constitué
defibres synthétiques ouartificielles (enpoids), saufsi:
a) leproduit estunvêtement enbonneterie danslequel lalainereprésente aumoins
23pourcentdupoids totaldesfibres constitutives, auquel casleproduit sera
considéré comme untextile enlaine; ou
b) leproduit estunvêtement autrequ'enbonneterie, danslequel lalainereprésente
aumoins 36pourcentdupoids totaldesfibres constitutives, auquel casle
produit seraconsidéré comme untextile enlaine;
c) leproduit estuntissudanslequel lalainereprésente aumoins 36pourcent
dupoids totaldesfibres constitutives, auquel casleproduit seraconsidéré
comme untextile enlaine.
II) Textiles encoton, s'ilsnerelèvent pasdel'alinéa I)ci-dessus etsontprincipalement
constitués decoton enpoids, àmoins qu'ilnes'agisse d'untissudanslequel lalaine
représente aumoins 36pourcentdupoids totaldesfibres constitutives, auquel cas
leproduit seraconsidéré comme untextile enlaine.
III) Textiles enlaine, siaucune desconditions ci-dessus n'estremplie etsileproduit est
principalement constitué delaine(enpoids).
IV) Textiles enmélanges desoieouenfibres végétales autres quelecoton, siaucune des
conditions ci-dessus n'estremplie etsileproduit estprincipalement constitué desoie
oudefibres végétales autres quelecoton (enpoids), saufsi:
2Leparagraphe 2A),quinefaitpaspartie desprésents arrangements administratifs, couvre lesrestrictions
notifiées parlesEtats-Unis autitredel'article 2:1del'ATV.G/TMB/N/282
Page4
a) lecoton etlalaine et/ou lesfibres synthétiques ouartificielles représentent
aumoins 50pourcentdupoids totaldesfibres constitutives duproduit etque
lepoids ducoton soitégalousupérieur aupoids dechacune desautres
composantes (laine et/ou fibres synthétiques ouartificielles), auquel casle
produit seraconsidéré comme untextile encoton;
b) leproduit nerelève pasdel'alinéa IV)a)etlalainereprésente plusde17pour
centdupoids totaldesfibres constitutives, auquel casleproduit seraconsidéré
comme untextile enlaine;
c) leproduit nerelève pasdesalinéas IV)a)oub)etquelesfibres synthétiques
ouartificielles, combinées aucoton et/ou àlalaine, représentent autotalau
moins 50pour centdupoids desfibres constitutives etquelesfibres
synthétiques ouartificielles aientunpoids supérieur autotaldescomposantes
laine et/ou coton, auquel casleproduit seraconsidéré comme untextile en
fibres synthétiques ouartificielles.
V) Nonobstant lesdispositions ci-dessus, lesvêtements constitués à70pourcentouplus
desoie(enpoids) (saufs'ilscontiennent aussiplusde17pourcentdelaine, enpoids)
etlesproduits autres quelesvêtements quicontiennent 85pourcentouplusdesoie
(enpoids) nerelèvent pasduprésent accord. Lespull-overs enmélanges desoieet
enfibres végétales autres quelecoton, selon laclassification ci-dessus, seront classés
enpull-overs de"soie" oude"fibres végétales autres quelecoton". Auxfinsdecette
disposition,lespull-oversserontconsidéréscommecomposésde"soie"silacomposante
soieestsupérieure enpoids àlacomposante fibres végétales autres quelecoton (le
caséchéant). Lespull-overs nonconsidérés comme composés de"soie" conformément
àcettedisposition seront considérés comme pull-overs en"fibres végétales autres que
lecoton". Lesvêtements contenant 70pourcentdesoieouplusetplusde17pour
centdelaine (enpoids) seront considérés comme textiles enlaine relevant de
l'alinéa B)IV)b).
C) Lesdéfinitions données dansleprésent paragraphe sontréputées identiques àcelles quifigurent
àl'article 12del'Arrangement concernant lecommerce international destextiles etau
paragraphe24duProtocoledeprorogationdu31juillet1986.Aucasoùilneseraitpaspossible
dedécider siunproduit relève duprésent accord ensefondant sursaprincipale composante
(coton, laine, fibres artificielles ousynthétiques, mélanges desoieoufibres végétales autres
quelecoton) enpoids, onpourra prendre enconsidération laprincipale composante envaleur.
Ajustements autitredelaflexibilité
6.A)I) Aucours d'unepériode d'application del'Accord, leplafond duGroupe IIfixéà
l'annexe Bpourra êtredépassé paruntransfert de7pourcent,etparuntransfert spécial
de15pourcent, àcondition qu'unabaissement correspondant soitopéré pourunou
plusieurs plafonds spécifiques duGroupe I.
II) Lesplafonds spécifiques indiqués àl'annexe Bnecomprennent aucun desajustements
autorisés autitreduparagraphe 6.
III) Aucours d'unepériode d'application del'Accord, toutplafond spécifique pourra être
relevé paruntransfert n'excédant passept(7)pourcent,àcondition qu'unabaissement
correspondant d'unautreplafond spécifique et/ouduplafond duGroupe IIsoitopéré.G/TMB/N/282
Page5
IV) Aucours d'unepériode d'application del'Accord, outre lesajustements prévus au
paragraphe 6A)III), ilsera possible d'effectuer untransfert spécial dans la
catégorie 239àpartir detoutplafond spécifique actuellement applicable auxvêtements
pourjeunes enfants. Cetransfert spécial selimitera à85pourcentduplafond dela
catégorie débitée, lequel devra êtreabaissé d'unequantité correspondante.
V) Aucours d'unepériode d'application del'Accord, leplafond spécifique dela
catégorie 239nepourra êtrerelevé deplusde8403080mètres carrés, àcondition
queleplafond duGroupe IIfasse l'objet d'uneréduction correspondante.
VI) Aucours d'unepériode d'application del'Accord, untransfert spécial serapossible
pourlerestedel'Accord, comme indiqué ci-après:
a) Untransfert spécial pourra êtreeffectué àpartir delacatégorie 643,dansla
mesure desdisponibilités, àconcurrence de20pourcentduplafond debase
decettecatégorie. Cette quantité, après conversion desunités endouzaines,
pourra êtreajoutée auxplafonds applicables auxcatégories 633et647/648.
b) Untransfert spécial pourra êtreeffectué àpartir delacatégorie 335,dansla
mesure desdisponibilités, àconcurrence de30pourcentduplafond debase
decettecatégorie. Cette quantité, calculée endouzaines, pourra êtreajoutée
auplafond applicable auxcatégories 333/334. Lesous-plafond applicable à
lacatégorie 333restera celuiquiestindiqué dansl'Accord.
c) Untransfert spécial de20pourcentaumaximum serapossible dela
catégorie 635àlacatégorie 634; ouuntransfert spécial de30pourcentau
maximum serapossible delacatégorie 634àlacatégorie 633. Lestransferts
spéciaux combinés enfaveur descatégories 633et634nepourront
excéder 30pourcent. Letransfert spécial seracalculé surleplafond debase
delacatégorie créditée, unequantité égale, endouzaines, devant êtredéduite
duplafond spécifique delacatégorie débitée.
d) Untransfert spécial pourra êtreeffectué àpartir descatégories 341/641, dans
lamesure desdisponibilités, àconcurrence de10pourcentduplafond debase
decettecatégorie. Cette quantité, calculée endouzaines, pourra êtretransférée
enfaveur duplafond applicable auxcatégories 340/640.
e) Untransfert spécial de15pourcentserapossible entrelescatégories 338/339
et638/639.
f) Untransfert spécial de10pourcentserapossible entrelescatégories 347/348
et647/648.
g) Untransfert spécial serapossible entre lescatégories 351/651 et350, à
concurrence de10pourcent(calculé surleniveau debasedelacatégorie
créditée,àconditionqu'unequantitécorrespondanteenéquivalentmètrescarrés
soitdéduite delacatégorie débitée).
h) Untransfert spécial serapossible entre lescatégories 237et359-C/659-C, à
concurrence de20pourcent(enéquivalent mètres carrés, quiseracalculé sur
leniveau debasedelacatégorie 237).G/TMB/N/282
Page6
i) Untransfert spécial de20pour centserapossible entre lescatégories 336
et636.
j) Untransfert spécial de20pourcentserapossible entrelescatégories 331/631
et659-H (calculé surleniveau debasedelacatégorie créditée, àcondition
qu'unequantité correspondante enéquivalent mètres carrés soitdéduite dela
catégorie débitée).
k) Untransfert spécial de30pour centserapossible entre lescatégories 335
et635.
l) Untransfert spécial de10pourcentserapossible entrelescatégories 347/348
et847.
m) Untransfert spécial de10pourcentserapossible entrelescatégories 333/334
et634.
B) I) Laproportion danslaquelle leplafond duGroupe IIfixéàl'annexe Bpourra être
dépassé aucours d'unepériode d'application del'Accord, parutilisation anticipée et/ou
parreport seradeonze(11)pourcent,l'utilisation anticipée nedevant pasreprésenter
plusdesix(6)pourcent.
II) Laproportion danslaquelle unplafond spécifique pourra êtredépassé aucours d'une
période d'application del'Accord parutilisation anticipée et/ou parreport serade
onze(11)pourcent,l'utilisation anticipée nedevant pasreprésenter plusdesix(6)pour
cent.
III) Lereport etl'utilisation anticipée seront possibles entre lespériodes d'application de
l'Accord1993et1994.Aucuneutilisationanticipéeneseraautoriséependantladernière
année d'application del'Accord.
IV) Legouvernement desEtats-Unis pourra appliquer laflexibilité autitre du
paragraphe 6B)I)etII)àtoutplafond spécifique ouauplafond duGroupe IIchaque
foisquecetajustement semblera opportun pourfaciliter leséchanges commerciaux
etl'administration del'Accord. Detelsajustements, danslamesure oùilsseront
effectivement utilisés, seront misenoeuvre aumoyen dureport etdel'utilisation
anticipée, danscetordre. Toute quantité nonutilisée autitredelaflexibilité sera
recréditée surleplafond débité. Cette procédure serasanspréjudice del'issue des
consultations entre nosgouvernements concernant lamarge deflexibilité possible.
C) Auxfinsdel'Accord, onparle defraction inutilisée d'unplafond spécifique ouduplafond
duGroupe IIlorsque lesexportations, verslesEtats-Unis, detextiles oudeproduits textiles
enprovenance desPhilippines, aucours d'unepériode d'application del'Accord, sontendeçà
duplafond spécifique applicable ouduplafond duGroupe IIfixésàl'annexe Bou,dansle
casd'unabaissement duplafond enapplication duparagraphe 6A)ouB),lorsque ces
exportations sontendeçàduplafond spécifique ouduplafond duGroupe II,unefoisabaissés.G/TMB/N/282
Page7
Seuils deconsultation désignés
7. Dans lecasoùlegouvernement delaRépublique desPhilippines souhaiterait exporter vers
lesEtats-Unisd'Amériquedestextilesetproduitstextilesendépassementduseuildeconsultationdésigné
applicable,ildevradéposerunedemandedeniveauélevé,etlegouvernementdesEtats-Unisd'Amérique
examinera cettedemande aveccompréhension etrépondra dansundélaide30jours. Silegouvernement
desEtats-Unis nepeutsatisfaire pleinement àlademande enraison deproblèmes dedésorganisation
dumarché, telsquedécrits àl'annexe Adel'Arrangement, dansunecatégorie faisant l'objet dela
demande, ileninformera legouvernement philippin enfournissant àl'appui desaréponse lesdonnées
surlesquelles repose sadécision. Silegouvernement desPhilippines leluidemande, legouvernement
desEtats-Unis engagera desconsultations danslesmoindres délais, entenant compte del'existence
oudel'absence d'unedésorganisation dumarché.
Aidefournie parlesEtats-Unis pourmettre enoeuvre lesdispositions enmatière delimitation
8.A)Legouvernement philippin administrera sonsystème derégulation desexportations autitre
duprésent accord. Legouvernement desEtats-Unis pourra aider legouvernement philippin
àmettre enoeuvre lesdispositions duprésent accord enmatière delimitation enrégulant ses
importations detextiles etproduits textiles visés parleditaccord.
B) LesEtats-Unis pourront refuser d'admettre lesexportations enprovenance desPhilippines en
dépassement desplafonds autorisés aucours d'unepériode d'application del'Accord. Les
expéditions dontl'admission auraétérefusée pourront êtreadmises auxEtats-Unis etêtre
imputées surleplafond applicable pourlapériode suivante.
C) Lesexpéditions deproduits desPhilippines endépassement desplafonds applicables aucours
d'unepériode d'application del'Accord, siellessontadmises auxEtats-Unis pendant cette
période, seront imputées surleplafond applicable pourlapériode suivante.
D) Toute mesure prise conformément auxalinéas A)etB)duparagraphe 8ci-dessus serasans
préjudice desdroits dechaque partie enmatière deconsultations.
Dispositions enmatière derépartition
9. Legouvernement philippin feratoutsonpossible pourquesesexportations verslesEtats-Unis
detouslesproduits dechaque catégorie soient effectuées àintervalles réguliers pendant chaque période
d'application del'Accord, entenant compte desfacteurs saisonniers normaux.
Echange dedonnées
10.A)Legouvernement desEtats-Unis fournira danslesmoindres délais augouvernement philippin
desdonnées surlesimportations mensuelles auxEtats-Unis detextiles etproduits textiles en
coton, enfibres synthétiques ouartificielles etenlaine, etdevêtements enmélanges desoie
etautres fibres végétales.
B) Legouvernement philippin fournira danslesmoindres délais augouvernement desEtats-Unis
d'Amérique desdonnées surlesexportations mensuelles detextiles etproduits textiles encoton,
enfibres artificielles ousynthétiques etenlaine, etdevêtements enmélanges desoieetautres
fibres végétales verslesEtats-Unis.G/TMB/N/282
Page8
C) Chaque gouvernement convient defournir danslesmoindres délais, àlademande del'autre
gouvernement, toutes autres données statistiques pertinentes nécessaires àlamiseenoeuvre
del'Accord.
Dispositions administratives mutuellement satisfaisantes
11. Desdispositions administratives oudesajustements mutuellement satisfaisants pourront être
convenus pourrésoudre desproblèmes mineurs découlant delamiseenoeuvre duprésent accord,
ycompris desdivergences concernant despoints deprocédure oulefonctionnement del'Accord.
Consultations surdesquestion srelatives àlamiseenoeuvre
12. Legouvernement desEtats-Unis etlegouvernement philippin conviennent detenir des
consultations, àlademande del'autre, ausujetdetoutequestion concernant lamiseenoeuvre duprésent
accord.
Régime devisas
18. Lesdeuxgouvernements conviennent demaintenir lerégime devisas etdecertification entré
envigueur parunéchange delettres endatedu1eretdu7juillet 1976, lequel seramodifié pourinclure
lesdispositions duprésent accord.
Coopération envued'empêcher lecontournement
19. LegouvernementdesEtats-Unisetlegouvernementphilippinreconnaissentpleinementlagravité
desproblèmesquerencontrechacundeleurspayslorsqu'ils'agitdefairefaceauxréexpéditionsillégales.
Ilsontconscience quecesréexpéditions portent préjudice auxintérêts économiques dechacun deleurs
paysetqueleprocessus quileurpermet actuellement defairefaceauxcasspécifiques deréexpédition
esttroplent. Pouraccélérer ceprocessus etrenforcer lacoopération etlesefforts déployés pourfaire
faceàlaréexpédition, lesdeuxpaysconviennent desdispositions suivantes:
A) LegouvernementdesEtats-Unisetlegouvernementphilippinconviennentdeprendrelesmesures
nécessaires pourfairefaceaucontournement, enquêter surlecontournement et,s'ilyalieu,
engager uneaction juridique et/ou administrative pourempêcher lecontournement duprésent
accord parlejeudelaréexpédition, dudéroutement, delafausse déclaration concernant le
paysd'origine, delafalsification dedocuments officiels oudetoutautre moyen.
B) Lesdeux parties conviennent demettre enoeuvre rapidement unsystème électronique de
vérification desvisas, lequel seraunmoyen important d'empêcher lecontournement etles
réexpéditions.
C) Lesdeuxpartiesconviennentdecoopérerpleinement,enconformitéavecleursloisetprocédures
intérieures, danslescasdecontournement oudecontournement présumé del'Accord, pour
fairefaceauxproblèmes découlant ducontournement etpourétablir lesfaitspertinents sur
leslieux d'importation, d'exportation et,lecaséchéant, deréexpédition. Cette coopération,
danslamesure oùelleestenconformité aveclesloisetprocédures intérieures, comprendra
uneenquête surlespratiques decontournement, l'échange dedocuments, decorrespondance,
derapports etd'autres renseignements pertinents danslamesure dupossible, etlafacilitation
desvisites conjointes impromptues d'installations, conformément auxprocédures convenues,
etdescontacts pardesreprésentants dechaque partie, surdemande etcasparcas.G/TMB/N/282
Page9
D) Sil'unedesparties considère queleprésent accord esttourné, ellepourra demander l'ouverture
deconsultations pourexaminer laoulesquestions concernées envuedechercher unesolution
mutuellement satisfaisante. Chaque partie convient detenircesconsultations danslesmoindres
délais, enlesengageant dansles30jours suivant lademande d'unepartie etenlesterminant
dansles90jours, àmoins quecettedurée nesoitprorogée d'uncommun accord, etdecoopérer
pleinement danslesconditions énoncées àl'alinéa C)ci-dessus.
E) Aucasoùlesparties neseraient pasenmesure deparvenir àunesolution satisfaisante aucours
desconsultations prévues àl'alinéa D),legouvernement philippin etlegouvernement des
Etats-Unis conviennent que,dans lecasoùdeséléments permettant d'établir clairement
l'existence d'uncontournement ontétéfournis, lesEtats-Unis pourront imputer surlesplafonds
quantitatifs fixés pourcettepériode d'application del'Accord desquantités équivalant àla
quantité deproduits d'origine philippine quiontétéréexpédiés. Legouvernement philippin
etlegouvernement desEtats-Unis conviennent enoutre quedesimputations surlesplafonds
quantitatifs établis autitreduprésent accord pourront êtreeffectuées danslescassuivants:
a)lesEtats-Unis sontenpossession derenseignements quidémontrent avec unegrande
probabilité l'existence d'uncontournement; b)lesEtats-Unis ontdemandé lacoopération des
Philippines oudesrenseignements relatifs àuncontournement possible, dontlegouvernement
philippin dispose ouqu'ilpourrait raisonnablement obtenir; etc)legouvernement philippin
n'apasfourni derenseignements oun'apascoopéré pendant lapériode deconsultation indiquée
àl'alinéa D).Lesactions decetypeseront notifiées àl'OSTaccompagnées detoutes les
justifications pertinentes.
F) AucasoùlesEtats-Unis choisiraient d'exercer leursdroits, autitredel'alinéa E),d'imputer
uneoudesquantités surlesplafonds quantitatifs d'unpays, siplusdedeuxcasdecontournement
ontétémisenévidence pendant lapériode d'application del'Accord encours oupendant l'année
immédiatement antérieure, ilspourront imputer surleplafond quantitatif jusqu'autriple des
quantités réexpédiées, àcondition quecesdéductions soient réparties demanière égale sur
chacune destroisannées quisuivent.
G) Dans lescasoùilexiste deséléments depreuve démontrant clairement quedesmarchandises
originairesd'unautrepaysonttransitéparlesPhilippinesverslesEtats-Unisentantqueproduits
philippins, legouvernement philippin etlegouvernement desEtats-Unis conviennent
d'entreprendre uneaction appropriée. Unetelleaction pourra comprendre l'introduction de
limitations danslaoulescatégories concernées ouladéduction delaquantité demarchandises
ainsiexpédiées desplafonds quantitatifs fixéspourlesexpéditions originaires desPhilippines.
Lesactions decetype, ainsiquelemoment oùellesinterviendront etleurportée, pourront
êtredécidées après quedesconsultations auront eulieuenvued'arriver àunesolution
mutuellement satisfaisante, etseront notifiées àl'OSTaccompagnées detoutes lesjustifications
pertinentes. Cesconsultations devraient avoir lieudanslesmoindres délais, commen çantdans
les30jours suivant lademande d'unepartie etseterminant dansles90jours, àmoins que
cettedurée nesoitprorogée d'uncommun accord. Aucasoùlesparties neseraient pasen
mesure deparvenir àunesolution satisfaisante, legouvernement philippin etlegouvernement
desEtats-Unis conviennent que,dans lescasoùi)lesEtats-Unis sontenpossession de
renseignements quidémontrent avecunegrande probabilité l'existence d'uncontournement;
ii)lesEtats-Unis ontdemandé lacoopération desPhilippines oudesrenseignements relatifs
àuncontournement possible, dont legouvernement philippin dispose ouqu'ilpourrait
raisonnablement obtenir; etiii)legouvernement philippin n'apasfourni derenseignements
oun'apascoopéré pendant lapériode deconsultation indiquée ci-dessus, lesEtats-Unis pourront
introduire unelimitation ou,lorsqu 'ilenexiste déjàune,pourront déduire desplafonds
quantitatifs établis autitreduprésent accord unequantité équivalant àlaquantité deproduits
réexpédiés vialesPhilippines. DèsquelesPhilippines auront établi avecsuffisamment deG/TMB/N/282
Page10
certitude quelesmarchandises enquestion n'ontpasétéréexpédiées vialesPhilippines, que
levéritable paysd'origine auraétédéterminé etquedesdéductions auront étéappliquées à
soncontingent,lesEtats-Unisrétablirontimmédiatementparréimputationdesquantitésdéduites
lesniveaux delimitation correspondants ouannuleront lesnouvelles limitations introduites
enapplication delaprésente disposition.
H) Lorsque legouvernement philippin constatera quedesmarchandises ontétéimportées aux
Etats-Unis frauduleusement enutilisant unfauxvisadéclarant qu'ils'agitdeproduits des
Philippines, ilenavisera legouvernement desEtats-Unis. Dans lescasoù,sixmois après
ladatedecettenotification, aucune mesure n'auraétépriseniaucune consultation entreprise
ausujetdecesexpéditions etlorsqu 'ilauraétéétabli quelesmarchandises enquestion nesont
pasoriginaires desPhilippines, legouvernement philippin pourra demander l'ouverture de
consultationsaveclegouvernementdesEtats-Unisenvuedechercherunesolutionmutuellement
satisfaisante. Enconformité avecsesloisetprocédures intérieures, legouvernement desEtats-
Unisconviendra detenircesconsultations danslesmoindres délais, enlesengageant dansles
30jours.
I) Lesparties conviennent quelesfausses déclarations concernant lateneur enfibres, lesquantités,
ladésignationoulaclassificationdesmarchandisesvontaussiàl'encontredel'objectifduprésent
accord. Dans lescasoùilexiste deséléments depreuve montrant clairement qu'unetelle
déclaration aétéfaiteàdesfinsdecontournement, lesdeuxparties conviennent deprendre
desmesures appropriées, enconformité avecleurs loisetprocédures intérieures, contre les
exportateurs oulesimportateurs encause. Aucasoùunedesparties considérerait queleprésent
accord esttourné parlejeudecesfausses déclarations etqu'aucune mesure administrative
n'estappliquée, ouquelesmesures administratives appliquées sontinadéquates, pourfaire
faceàcecontournement et/ou lecontrecarrer, elledevra engager danslesmoindres délais des
consultations aveclapartie encause envuedechercher unesolution mutuellement satisfaisante.
Cesconsultations devraient avoir lieudanslesmoindres délais, commen çantdansles30jours
suivant lademande d'unepartie etseterminant dansles90jours, àmoins quecettedurée ne
soitprorogée d'uncommun accord. Aucasoùlesparties neseraient pasenmesure deparvenir
àunesolution satisfaisante, legouvernement philippin etlegouvernement desEtats-Unis
conviennent que,danslescasoùdeséléments depreuve concernant cesfausses déclarations
ontétéfournis, lesEtats-Unis pourront déduire desplafonds quantitatifs établis pourl'année
d'application del'Accord encours unequantité équivalant àlaquantité deproduits surlaquelle
porte lafausse déclaration oulafausse classification. Laprésente disposition n'apaspour
objet d'empêcher lesparties d'opérer desajustements techniques lorsque deserreurs ontété
commises parinadvertance dansdesdéclarations.
J) Lespartiesnotentquecertainscasdecontournementpeuventconcernerdesexpéditionstransitant
parlaRépublique desPhilippines sansquelesmarchandises dontellessontconstituées y
subissent demodifications oudetransformations. Ellesnotent qu'iln'estpastoujours réalisable
pourlegouvernement philippin d'exercer uncontrôle surdetelles expéditions..
| 36,552 |
halshs-00721339-guegan-tarrant_risk-measures_2010.txt_2 | French-Science-Pile | Open Science | Various open science | 2,012 | On the Necessity of Five Risk Measures. Annals of Finance, 2012, 8 (4), pp.533-552. ⟨10.1007/s10436-012-0205-2⟩. ⟨halshs-00721339⟩ | None | English | Spoken | 255 | 518 | [3] Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), 1996. Amendment to the
Basel Capital Accord to incorporate market Risk. BIS, Basel, Switzerland.
[4] Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), 2005. Basel II: International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised
Framework, BIS, Basel, Switzerland.
[5] Bassi F., P. Embrechts, M.Kafetzaki 1996. A Survival Kit on Quantile Estimation, Working paper, Department of Mathematics, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland.
[6] Caillault C., D. Guégan 2009. Forecasting VaR and Expected shortfall using
dynamical Systems : a risk Management, Frontiers in Finance, 6 (1), 26 - 50.
[7] Embrechts, P., C. Klüppelberg, T. Mikosch, 2007. Modelling Extremal Events
for Insurance and Finance, Springer, Berlin.
[8] Fama E., 1965. The Behavior of Stock Markets, The Journal of Business, 38,
(1), 34 - 54.
[9] Guégan D., B. Hassani, 2009. A modified Panjer algorithm for operational risk
capital calculations, Journal of Operational Risks, 4 (4). 1-20.
[10] Hogg, R., S. Klugman, 1984. Loss Distributions, Wiley, New York.
[11] Mandelbrot B., 1963. The Variation of Speculative Prices, The Journal of
Business, 36, (4), 394 - 414.
[12] Markowitz H., 1952. Portfolio selection, The Journal of Finance, VII, (1), 77
- 91.
[13] Rockafellar R.T., S. Uryasev, 2002. Conditional Value-at-Risk for General
Loss Distributions. Journal of banking and finance, 26, 1443-1471.
[14] Stulz R.M., 1996. Rethinking Risk Management, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, (Fall), 8-24.
[15] Yamai Y., T. Yoshiba, 2002. Comparative Analyses of Expected Shortfall and
Value-at-Risk : Their Validity under Market Stress, Monetary and Economic
Studies, Bank of Japan, 20, 181-238.
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| 38,525 |
completehistoryo00daviuoft_71 | US-PD-Books | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,874 | A complete history of Illinois from 1673 to 1873 : embracing the physical features of the country, its early explorations, aboriginal inhabitants, French and British occupation, conquest by Virginia, territorial condition and the subsequent civil, military and political events of the state | None | English | Spoken | 7,517 | 10,366 | YATES' ADMINISTRATION. 899 After the prorogation, tlie "rump," or moot legislature, as it was variously called, still kept up the session tecbuically. The roll call was studiously avoided so as not to have it appear from the journals that a quorum was not present, and thus the legality of their acts would turn upon the validity of the prorogation alone, which was to be tested in the Supreme Court. On the 23d and 24th of June business was trausaeted. The governor was in- formed that they were about to close, asking if he had any fur- ther communication to lay before them. He replied that he had not, and did not recognize their legal existence. A joint resolu- tion was thereupon passed, taking a recess until Tuesday after the first Monday in January, 1864. Before the close of the year a decision was obtained from the Supreme CX)urt, sustaining the validity of the prorogation. This was the first political question that had been before the Supreme Court since the alien case in 1840. A portion of the Democratic press assailed the court (which was Democratic in i^olitical senti- ment) with great virulence, charging that the "Decision was not only wholly wronff, but had been made from unworthy motives. It was time that judges who made wrong decisions, to avoid the lash and propitiate the impending anger of their political opponents, should be made to feel the indigna- tion of their former friends whom they had thus betrayed. The Democratic party had asked, and would ask for nothing but impartial fairness at the hands of the judges, and no consideration of delicacy would impel it to silence, if it felt that unwor- tliy personal motives had moved them to deal unfairly with it. We had fondly hoped that in Illinois there wasa State court in whom the people could confidently repose as a barrier to frightful invasions of executive power. This hope is dispelled, and we are overwhelmed with sorrow and mortification in view of it."* The deep chagrin of the Democrats at the dispersion of the legislature by the governor is eloquently portrayed by a member, before the Supreme Court, in his capacity as attorney in one of the cases involving the validity of the prorogation. He exclaims : "Malignant partizanship could go no farther. The annals of l)olitical warfare display no grosser infraction of the dignities and amenities of private or official hfe. * * Since the members of the long parliament were driven from their seats with oppro- brious epithets by Cromwell, there has been no such exhibition of virtuperative lawlessness."* We will carry this parallel further by adding the concluding part of Cromwell's address to the commons, and see where it leads : "But now I say, your time hath come. The Lord hath disowned you. The God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob, hath done Avith you. He hath no need of you any more. So, he hath judged you and cast you forth and chosen fitter instruments to Him to execute that work in which you have dishonored Him." History repeats itself. The chronicler of the scene adds: "Sullen, humiliated and uupitied, for they had lost the respect of honest men of all denominations, the members of that parliament now sneaked away to fiud a miserable refuge in the dispised obscurity of private life, deserted by the people in their turn, whom they first deserted at the dictates of a depraved and poor ambition." The Great Democratic Mass Convention of June llth, 1803. ♦SceM. W. Fuller's brief. 900 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. try, and to give expression in an authoritative form to the views of public policy entertained by the Illinois Democracy. Prom- inent democratic orators from foreign States were advertised to be present to speak, confer and counsel with the Illinois Democracy. The result was the most extraordinary gathering, in respect of numbers, fine personal appearance, high character of the men in attendance and the spirit which pervaded them, that ever assembled in Illinois. Not less than 40,000 joaeu were present, representing all parts of the State. It was not a gala day assem- blage of men, women and children, but of solid looking-, well attired men, whose countenances betokened thought, earnestness and determination. They were evidently political leaders of more or less influence in whatever sections they belonged. Their out- ward appearance indicated not only this, but also that the great body of them were men of means. While all classes were more or less represented, the solid element greatly predominated, giving tone and character to the whole, ^o drunkenness, brawling or semblance of unseemly conduct marred the occasion. Ko taunt- ing acts of disloyalty by the display of secession flags, shouting for Jeff Davis, or like conduct calculated to provoke a breach of the peace, was manifested. A disturbance of the peace while this immense crowd was in the capital city, leading to a serious out break, perhaps a collision with the soldiers, was greatly feared by some prominent officials. Gen. Ammen, commandant of Camp Butler, took the precaution to order that no soldier be allowed to leave camp during the whole of that day. But this crowd, though large, was not a mob. It was comjjosed rather of respectable, well-to-do and reflective citizens who — whatever their oj^inion regarding the war, and that was for peace — would not pre- cipitate a collision voluntarily. Yet it may be well considered, had it been forced upon them they were not the men to quail ; doubtless many were well prepared for such a contingency. They had come, not for an excursion to seek relief from and vary the monotony of home life, bat, moved by a feeling of deep earnest- ness, to compare views and take counsel of one another, and repledge their devotion to that democratic faith that was in them, which stood steadfast for the "Union as it was and the constitu- tion as it is ;" to condemn the aggressions of arbitrary power both State and National, and denounce the "abolitionizing" of the con- duct of the war. In the west, Vicksburg was invested, it is true, but it had not fallen. In the east the victorious legions of Lee, fresh from the blundering contests on the Kappahaunock, and inspired by a contempt for the Union forces under Hooker, with the utmost audacity moved clear aroundhim, boldly crossed into Maryland and deliberately pushed forward to Pennsylvania, while the coun- try stood amazed, and the deepest auxietj' pervaded every breast. Gettysburg, though not far in the future, was not foreseen. *See Forney's Press. YATES' AD3>nNISTEATION. 901 The meeting- was held at the old Fair Ground or Camp Yates, about one mile due west of the old State House. The day was oppressively warm. To give an idea of some of the leading par- ticipants we will append a few names : Senator W. A. Kiehardaon. president ; vice presidents ; Hons. Chas. A. Constable. WmMcMurtry, Peter Sweat, J. M. Young, Aaron Shaw, G. B. Ficklin, Wm. F. Thorn- ton, J. W. Merritt, H. M. Vandeveer. B. F. Prettyman, Chas. D. Hodges, John S. McDonald, James Eobb, W H. Gllman. Virgil Hickox, James E. Bwing, E. D Tay- i?^V,^- ^- Wii=W. I.P Rogers, John V. Ayer, A. Withers, David A. Gage, Sargent Gobble, John Cunningham, Noah Johnson, M. Y Johnson, B. S. Edwards, S. Staats Taylor. John Pierson. C. L. Higbee, R. L.- Merrick, S. S. Hays, Cyrus Epler, R. M. B. Wilsou, JohnD. Wood,S. A. Buckmaster, Jacob Bowman, S. J. Cross, J. M. Epler, Robert Halloway, Henry Dresser, J. L. D. Morrison, J. K.Stitt, James C.Robinson, ♦* . A. J. Sparks, F. C. Sherman, J. 8. Bogan. John C. Champlin, C. A. Walker, and S'"' . , ,; ^^^"8. Among the speakers in attendance from abroad we notice the names of Daniel Voorhees, of Indiana, S. S Cox of Ohio, and Chris. Kribben and Gen. McKmi- Stry, of St. Louis, and from our own State, Richardson, S S. Marshall, J. R. Eden, Jas. C.Allen, Ex Gov. John Reynolds, J. C. Robinson, Greathous, Bryan, Connolly, Wescott, Chas T. E. Merritt, M. Y. Johnson, J. L. D. Morrison, W. M- Springer, and a host of others , Speaking was constantly had from six different stands, enthusias- tic crowds thronging about each.* The position of the Democracy of Illinois was declared at length in 24 separate paragraphs, which we summarize, except the two last. They declared the supremacy of the constitution of the United States, as well in time of war as peace, which they were ready and willing to obey, as also all laws made in pursuance thereof, so long as they remained upon the statute books, claiming the right to constitutionally change them; they quoted the bill of rights, and upon it arraigned the federal admin- istration for violating nearly every one of its guarantees to the citizen ; they condemned the arrest and banishment of Vallaudig- ham, demanding his restoration ; denounced the arrest of Judge Constable and the imprisonment of Hon. W. H. Carlin and other citizens of the State, demanding their release; condemned the suppression of the Chicago Times; declared their determination to exercise the right of electing public oflcers in defiance of the demands of power ; adhered to the doctrine of State sovereignty ; denounced martial law in this State ; condemned the recent act of prorogation of the legislature by Gov. Yates as a high-handed usurpation by one department of government of the rights of another ; charged the governor with not only not protecting the citizen in his constitutional rights, but violating them himself; denounced secession as a ruiubus heresy, and offered their cordial co-oi^eration in securing to the seceded States equal rights if they would return to their allegiance. "23. That the further offensive prosecution of this war tends to subvert the consti- tution and the government, and entail upon this nation all the disastrous consequences of misrule and anarchy. That we are in favor of peace upon the basis of a restoration of the Union, and for the accomplishment of which we propose a national convention to settle upon terms of peace, which shall have in view the restoration of the Union as it was and the securing, by constitutional amendments, such righs to the several States and the people thereol!, as honor and justice demand. " 24. That we denounce as libellers of the Democratic party, and willful instigators of mischief, those fanatics who are engaged in representing the democracy as wanting in sympathy for our soldiers in the field. Those soldiers are our kindred, our friends aucl'our neighbors, whose interests are identified with our own ; whose prosperity Is our pleasure ; whose sutfering is our pain ; and whose brilliant achievements are our pride and admiration. Promptly rushing to arms as they did, in answer to the call of their country, they merit our warmest thanks, our sj'mpathy and our support ; and we earnestly request the President of the United States to withdraw the " Proclama- tion of Emancipation," and permit the bi-ave sons of Illinois to fight only for the "Union, the constitution and the cnfoicemeut of the laws." The assembled multitude testified their faith in the last of these declarations by their works on the spot, in contributing the muni- ficent fund of 647,400 for the sick and wounded Illinois soldiers. This very liberal response was one of the noblest and most touch- *See Illinois Register, June 18th. 1863. 902 HISTORY OF LLLINOIS. iiig scenes ever witnessed. When tbe call of the committee for this purpose was announced, wallets flew out of pockets thick and fast, and thousands of upraised hands held waiving aloft innumer- able greenbacks, inscribed with the interesting $ figures of o's, lO's, 20's, oO's, &c., impatiently waiting for the passing hats to come round to gather them in. The hats w^ei-e tilled and crammed, passed to the committee, emi^tied, passed back again and as quicklj- refilled. Some individual subscriptions were as high as $500. And thus the errand of mercy prospered; the glorious con- tagion of a philanthropic enthusiasm spreading the while, en- couraged with inspiring cheers, while many a thoughtful eye, set perhaps in a stern countenance, dropped a silent tear in sympa- thy with this beautiful manifestation of a grateful patriotism. Thus were wrought up those tender emotions of love of country, •which transported the fond recollections of atiectionate hearts after the absent ones, gallantly defending the union and our homes against the cohorts of treason. The warm hearts of these contributors pulsated in unison with a genuine patriotism, albeit their unyielding heads, influenced by partisan feelings, enunciated what we now know to have been a wrongful stand against the further prosecution of the war for the Union. Doubt- less they were thoroughly honest in their belief at the time, but its results upon this nation, if carried out, must have been attended with unnumbered woes. In this mtiniflcent offering " the soldier's friend " and his goading backers, who, rather than forego the opportunity of wreaking a partisan triumph by the prorogation of the legisla- ture in defeating the appropriation of $100,000 for the sick sick and wounded Illinois soldiers, doubtless discovered a merited rebuke. It has been asserted that this feeliug prompted the large contribution rather than the dictates of a generous philanthropy. But a good deed should not be attributed to bad motives; to do good to those that despitefully use you, is of the highest christian spirit. Crowds of meu are not likely to seek revenge in such noble and generous actions; neither was this assemblage the legis- lature which had been affronted. Col. W. E. Morrison was selected to disburse the fund raised at this meeting, for the relief of the sick and wounded Illinois soldiers. While this meeting was "called" to give authoritative expres- sion to the views of j)ublic policy entertained by the Illinois demo- cracy, the position here assigned to them in the 23d declaration, Avas but the position of those who framed it, or of that assemblage, not that of the great mass of the party. It was not a delegate but a mass convention, each attendant representing himself and no one else. By this declaration it was proposed precisely to do all the rebels had ever asked — to be let alone. It did not express the sentiments of the Democracy of Illinois. The Democracy had ever been the war party of the country, in all the wars it ever li^d. The great body of the rank and file were loyal to the core and unconditionally for the war, contending, with rare exceptions, that there was no other honorable alternative but to prosecute it until the authority of the government was acknowledged and respected over all the broad domain of our country. The leading spirits of this meeting forsook the exalted loyal stand of the party as cor- rectly defined by Mr. Douglas, and placed themselves in perfect TATES' ADMINISTRATION. 903 antagonism with his patriotic utterances, that while the war lasted there could be but two parties in the country- — "patriots and traitors." They assumed to speak for the Democracy of Illinois, without delegated authority so to do, and assign to them a posi- tion before the country which they abhorred. Their unworthy efforts met Avith a withering rebuke from the people and they dealt the party a last blow, from which it has not recovered. If not in articulo mortis, it has been paralized ever since in the State. The first fruit of these legislative and convention proceedings was exhibited in the elections of November, 1863, for county officers, which resulted in favor of the Eepublicans by an aggre- ^ gate majority of 30,000 votes. A full vote was not polled, it is true, yet there was an actual Union gain of 5,000, and a compar- ative gain of 46,000 votes over the preceding year.* On September 3d, 1863 — the country having been in the mean time encouraged by the victory of Gettysburg and the fall of Yicksbiirg — the meeting of the 17th of June was offset by an immense Union gathering at Springfield. Hons. Henry S. Lane, J. E. Doolittle, Zachary Chandler, Gov. Yates, Gens. R. J. Ogiesby, John A. McClernand, I. N. Haynie, B. M. Prentiss and many others, addressed the vast assemblage. Mr. Lincoln sent a long and ' patriotic letter, addressed to the chairman, J. C. Conkling, which was read. Many other patriotic letters from prominent gentle- men in various parts of the country were likewise read. A vigor- ous prosecution of the war for the Union was urged by all the speakers, and in all the letters — that that was the only true way to an honorable peace.* The peace efforts of a faction of the Illinois Democracy may be said to have culminated in 1863. With the approach of the election contest of 1864 we discover a manifest weakening in the wonted unanimity of their demands for peace. The desire for party success was stronger than any other political sentiment. The leaders, not unmindful of the exi^ression of the people of Illinois at tbe polls in ]S[ovember, 1863, were inclined to greater caution in taking advanced unconditional peace ground. Indeed many were the other way. McClellen had loomed, up as the most available Democratic candidate for the presidency. It could not be expected that the hero of Antietam, who it was supposed would carry the soldiers' vote to a man, could consistantly be run as an unconditional peace man. Accordingly when the first State Dem- ocratic Convention of 1864 met at Springfield, June 15th, they contented themselves with appointing delegates to the national convention,and State presidential electors, Avithout putting a ticket in the fleld,or adopting aplatform, deferring that matter by an over- whelming majority to the action of the national convention shortly to meet at Chicago. A bumcomb resolution was adopted to stand by Vallandigbam (who had just returned from exile), and the de- mocracy of Ohio (then, also, assembled in convention) in tbe preser- *Outofthe resolutions of the 17th of June sprung a curious quarrel between the peace policy and no policy factions of that meeting, led respectively by Col. Richardson and Gen. Singleton. The "declarations," it seems, were prepared and only'the word "offensive'' in the first line added by the committee. Doubtless honors are easy upon that point by this time. *See Illinois State Journal, Sept. 9th, 1863. 004 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. vation of their liberty, bat the reiteration of the former bold staud for peace, for which the masses in Illinois in their expression at the polls had shown no relish, was shrewdly avoided. This was regarded as a McClellen triumph, and a rebuke to the peace-on- auy-term's party. But the peace faction against which the tide was thus strongly setting, was not to be squelched without making an ettbrt. With the view to influence the approaching State con- vention, a mass meeting to the number of perhaps 20,000 assem- bled at Peoria, August the 3d, under the management of the lead- ing peace men of the State. The meeting was also said to have been called by "a secret organization whose members acted Avith the Democratic party. "*General Singleton, author of the 23d dec- laration of the 17th of June, 1863, presided; and Amos Green, Grand Commander of the Order of American Knights in Illinois, who, subsequently, in the trial of the Camp Douglas conspirators at Cincinnati, turned state's evidence, H. M. Vandeveer, W. W. O'Brien and others, reported a series of resolutions, in the 2d of which they "declare that the coercion and subjugation of sov- ereign States was never contemplated as possible or authorized hy the constitution, but was pronounced by its makers an act of suicidal folly. But wliatever may be the theory of constitutional power, war, as a means of restorhig the Union, has proved a fail- ure and a delusion," etc. ; and in the 3d, "thkt the repeal and revocation of all unconstitutional edicts and pretended laws, an armistice, and a national convention for the peaceful adjustment of our troubles, are the only means of saving our nation from unlim- ited calamity and ruin."* In the meantime another Democratic mass convention had been called to assemble at the capital. The Peoria meeting, doubtless fearing that the jjolicy to harmonize all the discordant elements manifest in the jjarty would there prevail, now resolved to then re-assemble at Springfield, being the 18th of August fol- lowing, and stamp that meeting, also, witli their character. Accord- ingly, upon that occasion. General Singleton claimed that the Springfield meeting, which Avas very largely attended, Avas but a continuation of the Peoria meeting ; that the officers were already chosen, and nothing remained to be done but for him as jiresident to call the multitude to order, listen to the speaking, and pass the Peoria peace resolutions. But his assumptions met with earnest protest ; however, for the sake of harmony, it Avas agreed in cau- cus that Singleton should preside, that the Peoria resolutions should be reported stripped of two objectionable clauses, and in addition to pledge the party to the Chicago nominees. This was strenuously opposed by the ultra peace faction, who declared they ■would appeal to the people. The meeting was forthwith called to order, General Singleton became chairman and addressed the masses in a forcible and able speech. He was followed by Henry Clay Dean, of Iowa, in an eloquent eftbrt. The Peoria resolutions unchanged were then offered for adoption, as also those of June 17th, 1863, and by the chair declared passed. The caucus resolu- tion pledging the efficient sux>port of the Illinois Democracy to the Chicago nominee for president, whoever he might be, was then •See correspondence Chicago Times. ♦See Illinois Register, Aug. 5tii, 1864 YATES' ADMINISTRATION. 905 offered. It was sharply attacked and laid on the table, ifext the Peoria and 17th of June resolutions were offered for adoption at stand No. 2, and there, also, declared passed. The resolution pledging unconditional support to the Chicago nominees was now again offered. A bitter debate, not unmixed with gross per- sonalities, was instantly aroused, resulting this time in the adop- tion of the resolution. And now the cloven foot having been revealed to the multitude, when the latter resolution was again moved at stand No. 1, amidst much confusion and opposition it was there, also, vociferously adopted. The presiding officer, who had been assailed as a disorganizer, thereupon retired from the meeting in disgust.* Thus this meeting, after adopting the Peoria and 17th of June resolutions, demanding an armistice, i>ronouncing the Tvar for the Union a failure and unconstitutional, and proposing an almost unconditional peace with defiant rebels, in the next breath pledged themselves in advance to support a war Democrat for the presi- dency. But this glaring inconsistency only indicated after all that many of the democratic leaders, in their ardent and ultra opposi- tion to the war for the Union, had been really less disloyal in their true feelings and sentiments than partisan and factious. They were anti- war men because it was not, as they thought, the war of their party. They did not love the Union less, but office more. The partisan strife for place, power and position is a terrible thing in our country, and not at all on the wane. Nor was this meeting more inconsistent than the Chicago Dem- ocratic national convention of 1864, which met a few days later, in the adoption of their platform and the choice of a candi- date to be placed upon it. The 2d resolution declared it as the sense of the American people "that after four years of failure to restore the Union by the experiment of war, during which, under the pretense of military necessity or power higher than the constitution, the consti- tution itself has been disregarded in every part, and the public liberty and private rights alike trodden down, and the material prosperity of the country essentially impaired ; justice, humanity, liberty and the public welfare demand that Immediate efforts be made for the cessation of hostilities, with a view to an ultimate convention of the States or other peaceable means to the end that at the earliest practicable moment peace may be restored on the basis of the Federal Union of the States. To which the distinguised military chieftain, Gen. McClellen, a strong war Democrat, who had dispersed the Maryland Democratic legislature at the point of the bayonet, replied in his letter of accepance : "But the Union must be preserved at all hazards. I could not look in the face of my gallant comradesofthearmyandnavy, who survived so many bloody battles, and tell themthat their labors and the sacrifice of so many of our slain and wounded brethren have been in vain." CHICAGO CONSPIRACY. During the autumn of '64 a conspiracy was detected at Chicago, which hadfonts object the liberation of the prisoners at Camp Douglas, the burning of the city, and the m- auo-uration of rebellion in the north. Gen. Sweet, who had charge of the camp at the time, first had his suspicions of danger aroused by a number of enigmatically worded letters which passed through the Camp postoflice. ,, . ^ ^. , ..i, Prora subsequent developments he became convinced it was the intention ot tne conspirators to carry out their nefarious designs during the session ot the National Democratic Convention in August, but before the time arrived defensive measures were instituted, and the leaders deemed it best to postpone the consummation ot their obiect till the presidential election. They were, however, again destined to be toi ed. Ori the 2(1 of November, a citizen of St. Louis, an avowed secessionist, but in reality atrovernraent detective, followed a criminal from that city to Sprinirheld, and thence to Chicago. Here, while on the alert for the fugitive, he met a former acquaintance^ a member of the order of American Knights, from whom he learned that the rebel *See Illinois Register, Aug. 19th, 1864. 906 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Marmaduke WHS in the city. After a shoi-t interview he met Dr. Edwards, a citizen ol Chicago and a rebel sj-mpathizer, who i.sked him if he knew Southern soldiers were in town. The detective answering in the negative, his interlocutor .further informed him that Marmaduke was stopping at his house under the assumed name of Burling, and mentioned asa "good joke' that he had a British passport made out under the same cognomen by the American Consul. The detective, in his report to the Provost Mar- shal General of Mo., says: "The same evening I again met with Dr. Edwards on the streetgoiug to my hotel. He said Marmaduke desired to see me and 1 accompanied him to his house. There in the course of a long conversation Marmaduke told nie that he and several olflcers were in Chicago to operate with other parties in releasing the prisoners of Camp Douglas, and in inaugui-ating a rebellion in the north. He said the movement was under the auspices of the American Knights, and was to begin ope- rations on the day of the election. The detective immediately called on Col. Sweet and communicated to him the startling intelligence, and the latter telegraphed for troops. There wei-e In the camp 8,000 prisoners, among whom were Morgan's freebooters, Texas llangei-s and others precocious, daring and ready for reckless adventure. To guard the large force there were only TOO etfectivo men, and the commandant felt as though there was a mine b<-neath him, and only 70 hours remained in which to pre- vent its being sprung with disastrous consequences to the garrison and adjacent city. Disclosvires soon reached him from other sources whereby he learned the full partic- ulars of the gigantic scheme . The blow was to be struck on the 8th of November, and Camp Douglas was the first objective point. The 8.000 prisoners when liberated were to be joined by the 5,000 knights of Chicago, making a nucleus of 13,000about which wonld gather Canadian refugees, bushwhackers from Mo., prisoners from other Camps, and members of the same' order in other localities. The city of Chicago was first to be sacked and burned, after which a similar fate was to be meted out to the other cities of the north. A general uprising of the traasonable element in the loyal States was to follow, and simultaneously Hood was to move on Nashville, Buckner on Louisville, and Price on St. Louis. It must not be supposed these seemingly extravagant arrangements were without some prospect of success. Investigations before military commissions in different parts of the west indicated the existence of treasonable societies of almost fabulous ex- tent. A report of the Judge Advocate General of the U.S. disclosed "the existence of a military organization having its commander-in-chief, general and subordinate officers, and 500,000 enrolled members, all bound by a blind obedience to their superiors, and pledged to take up arms against any power found waging war against a people endeavoring to establish a government of their own choice." Col. Sweet duly apprised the police of Chicago of the presence of the conspirators, and at 3 o'clock in the morning preceding the election, made a descent on their respec- tive places of lodging. Among the arrests were the rebel officers Grenfell, Morgan, Adjutant General Marmaduke, brother of thegeneral. Cantrell, of Morgan's command, Buckner Morris, treasurer of the Sons of Liberty, Charles Walsh, a member of the order were also arrested. In the house of the latter were found two cart-loads of loaded pistols, and in another part of the city two boxes of guns. The startling intelligence of the arrests spread with liglitning rapidity, and as the sun rose up from the bosom of the lake and looked down on the milesof palatial residences, stores and well-filled houses marked out for rapine and burning, their inhabitants were in arms, patrols were marching and countermarching through the entire city which presented the appearance of an extended military encampment. Thus in one short hour the scheme which was to transfer the theatre of the war to the free states, and apply the torch to northern cities, collapsed and its reckless projectors were in the custody of the officers in the narrow cells of a prison. Early in January, 1865, Gen. Hooker, commandant of the Northwestern Depariment, convened a court martial in Cincinnati to try the leaders of the conspiracy. They were charged with violating the laws of war by attempting to release the prisoners confined at Camp Douglas, and conspiring to lay waste the city of Chicago. The trial lasted till April, when Walsh was sentenced to three years' imprisonment in the penitentiary, Grenfell to be hung. Rafael Semmes, captured after the first arrests, to two years im- prisonment. Of the other prisoners one committed suicide by shooting himself, one escaped from custody and the remainder were acquitted. After remaininig in prison 9 monthsall the convicts except Grenfell, whose sentence was commuted to imprison- ment for life, were pardoned. Chapter LVI. 1865— 1869— ADMINISTRATION OF GOV. OGLESBY. Bepuhliean and Democratic State Conventions of 1864 — Lives and Character of Ogleshy and Brass — Prosperity and Condition of the State during the Rehellion — Legislation, Political and Special, in 1865--7 — Board of Eqmdization established — Location of Agricul- tural College — Illinois Capitals and their removals — History of the Penitentiary. Tlie Republican, or Union State Convention of 1864, was held at Springfield, May 25tli. A. J. Kuykendall, of Johnson, was cliosen to preside. For Governor four names were i)roposed. On the first or informal ballot, Allen C. Fuller, of Boone, received 220 votes; Richard J. Ogiesby, ol» Macon, 283; Jesse K. Dubois, of Sangamon, 103; and John M. Palmer, of Macoupin, 75. On the next ballot Ogiesby was nominated, receiving 358 out of 681 votes cast. William Bross, of Cook, was nominated for lieuten- ant governor; Sharon Tyndale, of St. Clair, for Secretary of State; O. H. Miner, of Sangamon, for Auditor; James H. Beveridge, of DeKalb, for Treasurer; Newton Bateman, of Morgan, for Super- intendent of Public Instruction ; S. W. Moultou, of Shelby, for Congressman for the State-at-large. Thus far all was harmony, but now came trouble. The committee on jjlatform gave the na- tional administration but a quasi endorsement, saying that the liresident's "war measures were planned with an honest purpose; that it was not necessary to approve of every act of the adminis- tration to enable them to say Mr. Lincoln was an honest man and prudent statesman ; and that in the main the acts of the admin- istration had been highly conducive in suppressing the existing rebellion, and should Mr. Lincoln receive the nomination of the Baltimore convention they would give him their earnest sup- X)ort."* Tliis resolution excited intense opposition and was laid on the table. A new committee was appointed and in the evening a new set of re:^olutions were reported and adopted after a protracted sitting. The administration was strongly indorsed, and the dele- gates to the Baltimore convention instructed to use all honorable •See Illinois State Register, May 28th, 1864. 908 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. means to secure tlie re-nomiiiatioii of Mr. Lincoln for the presi- dency; a determination was expressed to prosecute the war until the cause of the Union triumx^hed; slavery was charged as the cause of the rebellion ; they breathed the sentiments of a genuine patriot- ism and noble sympathy for the soldiers ; extended thanks to the gfovernor and all the State officials ; indorsed the 13th amend- ment abolishing slavery; and asserted the Monroe doctrine — that it was the duty of the U. S. to reinstate republican institutions on the continent of America, which looked to the French opera- tions in Mexico. The Democratic State Convention of 1864 also met at Spring- field, but not till September 6th. The Hon. S. S. Hayes, of Cook, presided. The Chicago national democratic platform was adopted. James C. Eobinson, of Clark, was nominated for Governor; S. Corning Judd^of Fulton, for Lieutenant Governor; John Hise, of LaSalle, for Auditor ; Alexander Starne, of Pike, for Treasurer ; William A. Turney, of Morgan, for Secretary of State; John P. Brooks, for Superintendent of Public Instruction, and James C. Allen, of Crawford, for Congressman fof the State-at-large. The election in November, 1864, resulted in favor of the repub- licans on the State ticket by an average majority exceeding 31,- 000 votes. The estimated gain of the republican vote on 1862 was over 69,000. The Legislature was republican, as follows : Senate 14 republicans to 11 democrats; House 51 republicans to 34 democrats ; Union majority on joint ballot 20. Eleven out of the 14 congressmen elected were also republicans'. Eichard J. Oglesby was born July 2oth, 1824, in Oldham county, Kentucky. Bereft of parents at the tender age of eight, his early education was neglected. When 12 years old he removed with an uncle to Decatur. He Vas subsequently apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, worked occasionallyat farming, studied law, essayed to practice it at Sullivan, this State, returned to Decatur, volunteered in the Mexican war, was elected 1st Lieut. Co. "C," 4th Illinois regiment, and participated in the battle of Cerro Gordo. On his return he sought to perfect his law studies bj* at- tending the lectures at Louisville, took the gold fever then raging and crossed the plains to California, returned, and, in 1852, first appeared in politics as a Scott elector. Later he visited Europe and the Holy Land, returned, and, in 1858, offered for congress, but was beaten by the same competitor he had for governor in 1864. In 1860 he was elected a State Senator, but the following spring when the rebellion broke out, his ardent nature quickly re- sponded to the demands of patriotism, and, as colonel of the 8th regiment, he tendered it as the second raised by the State for that conflict. He was shortly entrusted with important commands, and for a time stationed at Bird's Point and Cairo. At Fort Donelson his brigade was in the van, and, on the morning of the last day, the first to be attacked by the enemy, resulting in the loss of 500 men before reinforcements came to his support. At Corinth his and Hackleman's brigades held the rebels at bay during a large jiart of the afternoon; but in a daring charge the latter was killed, and Oglesbydangerouslj"^ wounded in theleft lungwasborne from the field in exi)ectation of immediate dissolution. On his re- covery he was promoted for gallantry to a major generalship. oglesby's administration. 909 I and in the spring of 1863 assigned to the command of the 16th ainiy corps, but owing to the trouble of his wound, (he carried the rebel lead in his person) he relinquished active service withiu tliree months after. Governor Oglesby is a fine appearing affable man, with regu- lar, well defined features and rotund face. In stature he is a little above medium height, large frame and somewhat fleshy. His physical appearance is striking and prepossessing, while his straight-out, not to say blufl', manner and speech are well calcula- ted to favorably impress the average masses. Ardent in feeling and strong in party bias, he inspires deep partisan prejudices in others. He is quite an effective stump orator. With a vehem- ent, passionate and scornful tone and gestures, tremendous phys- ical power, which, in speaking, he exercises to the utmost ; with frequent descents to the grotesque, aud with abundant homely comparisons or frontier figures, expressed in the broadest vernacu- lar and enforced with stentorian emphasis, he delights a promis- cuous audience beyond measure ; while his bitter invective, be- stowed without stint upon the opiwsition must gratify the extretnest feeling of partisan hatred and animosity. Lieut. Gov. Bross was born in Sussex county, New Jersey. His youth was mostly spent in the wilds of Pennsylvania, aiding his father in the hard toil of a lumberman and rafting on the Del- eware. He acquired, however, a classical education, and after- wards, for many years, taught school. In 1848 he removed to Chicago and became a partner in the publishing house of Griggs, Bross & Go. But in Illinois he is chiefly known by his career as an editor. In 1852 he united with John L. Scripps and started the Democratic Press^ a political and commercial newsi)aper. He was originally a democrat, but with the repeal of the Missouri com- promise this paper forsook the democracy and aided in forming the republican party. In 1858 it was '^consolidated" with the Tribune, and in 1860 the name of "Press" was dropped. Xo paper has perhaps exercised a larger influence upon the politics of Illinois, while at an early day it was the leading commercial medium of the northwest. Mr. Bross is a man of sound prac- tical sense, varied and extensive information, exact, thorough, and untiring in effort. He had shown himself an able statistical, commercial and x>olitical writer. Energy and resoluteness are of the essence of his nature, and with wonderful rapidity of utter- ance, as presiding oflicer of the senate, he was capable of dis- patching a large amount of business in those days of omnibus legis- lation. He is of medium height and robust frame, with angular features, high forehead, and ruddy complexion. Honest himself, he despises the tricks and arts of the politician ; and his own acliievements being the result of industrj-, he entertains little rev- erance for genius.* Governor Oglesby was duly inaugurated January the 17th, 1865,* but before proceeding with his administration it is proper that we take a short retrospect at our material prosperity during the rebellion. •See Ward's speech in senate Jan. 11, '69, and Western Monthly, June, '69. *The day before the time first set for Gov. Oglesby to assume the duties of his office, death visited his home at Decatur, andtooli therefrom his only son, an Intelligent and sprightly lad ot 6 years, a great favorite with the bereaved parents. This caused the Inauguration to be postponed for one week. 910 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Notwithstanding thedemaiuls of the war had diawu upon Illi- nois to the extent of near 200,000 men — hale, vigorous and with- out physical blemish, taken from the most active producing classes — the great imlustries of the State had not only speedily recovered from this enormous draft, but her material prosperity, retarded the first one or two years, was unparalleled bj' any other State. The census of 1865 revealed a j)opulation of 2,141,510, be- ing an increase of 429,559, or near 25 per cent, since 1860 ; and nearly every department of production and industry exhibited a like ratio in advancement, as evidenced by the area of land under cultivation, and its yield of agricultural -wealth, the triumph of invention and substitution of machinerj' for manual labor, the aug- mentation of skilled laborers and mechanical production, the rapid growth of our cities, villages and increase of fixed capital, the excellent remuneration for «oll employment, the high prices for all products, and above all the abundance of money which stimulated all manner of business to unusual activity. While this material prosperity prevailed with the close of the war, and for some time before, the times were hard with us during the first two years of the civil conflict. The writer saw corn, our great staple, sell in 1862, in Central Illinois, as low as 9 cents a bushel. The failure of our local banks, which in a nmnner left us without a currency, contributed not a little to the condition of the times. Prosperity during the war was first exi)erienced in the Eastern States, where the lavish expenditures of the government for clothing and munitions of war caused money to be profusely scat- tered from the outset. With us, beef and pork, and the products of the soil, were the first to exi)erience an advance in jirices. Corn, our most unfailing crop, made its first great bound up- w^ard immediatelj' after the severe frost of August 29th, 1863. Lands remained for a long time a drug. This class of property the experience of centuries has shown to ever be the last to rise in j)rice, but once starting it excels all other, as it affords the safest and surest investment, and not nnfrequently the largest speculative return. Finally the tide of abundant money set into Illinois and began to influence realty. Kow, to many of our peo- ple, was heard abroad in the land the pleasant voice of the stran- ger inquiring the price of lands, and seeking to invest his abund- ant and daily cheapening money in lots, lands and farms. Popu- lation, with a renewed current, was pouring over our borders ; houses in cities and towns became scarce ; rents rose beyond pre- cedent, and the prices of lands passed the most sanguine expecta- tion. An enhancement of 100 per cent was not unusual ; many of our people never dreamed of such prices, and that all in cash too. Many transfers were made, the proceeds reinvested to bet- ter advantage, and comparative independence acquired by owners. The abundance and cheapness of money, and high prices of prop- erty enabled others of our people to extinguish mortgages, which had hung like a pall over their homes ; and thus thousands of families were placed in comfortable circumstances and rendered happy. While an intestine war piled a. debt on the nation by tlie billion, upon the individual were conferred benefits and unexpect- ed independence. But, while some, for years dissatisfied, now that they could get perhaps double their prices, were content to hold theiT'property and neither loose nor profit by the times, others, OGLESBY'S ADMINISTRATION. 911 it is sad to relate, w;ho had never hoped to realize old values, eager- ly sold with the first advance of prices, failed or neglected to rein- vest, easily spent or squandered the proceeds, and are to-day renters. It was generally better to buy than sell— to be in debt for lands purchased than hold credits "for property sold. Debts did not increase except by accruing interest, while the money wherewith to pay them, cheapened sometimes in a few days 25 to 50 per cent, taking gold for a standard. The permanent debt of the State, funded and unfunded in 1865, was $11,178,564, being an increase since 1860 of only about $1,000,000, notwithstanding our heavy war appropriations and expenditures. But the general government, it may be remarked parenthetically, largely refunded to the States their advances on account of the war. From December, 1864, to December, 1868, our bonded debt was reduced $7,651,796, leaving a balance of $5,989,158. The total taxable property of the State in 1864 was $356,878,837 ; in 1868, $475,379,194. The total number of acres in cultivation for 1868, was 8,603,599, of which 5,193,747 were in corn. | 50,986 |
https://github.com/allnulled/mysql2express/blob/master/test/rest-2/src/controllers/SessionsController.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | WTFPL | null | mysql2express | allnulled | JavaScript | Code | 15 | 45 | const SessionsControllerBase = require(__dirname + "/base/SessionsController.js");
class SessionsController extends SessionsControllerBase {
}
module.exports = SessionsController; | 40,634 |
https://github.com/constXife/xterm_example/blob/master/assets/vue/index.vue | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | xterm_example | constXife | Vue | Code | 147 | 499 | <template>
<div id="terminal"></div>
</template>
<script>
import { Terminal } from 'xterm';
import { FitAddon } from 'xterm-addon-fit';
import 'xterm/css/xterm.css';
export default {
data () {
return {
output: ''
}
},
mounted() {
let term = new Terminal();
let fitAddon = new FitAddon();
term.loadAddon(fitAddon);
term.open(document.getElementById('terminal'));
fitAddon.fit();
term.prompt = () => {
term.write('\r\n$ ');
};
this.$options.sockets.onmessage = (receivedData) => {
let parsed = receivedData.data;
parsed.match(/[^\r\n]+/g).forEach(function(line) {
term.writeln(line);
});
term.prompt();
};
term.prompt();
term.focus();
let input = '';
term.onKey((e) => {
const ev = e.domEvent;
const printable = !ev.altKey && !ev.ctrlKey && !ev.metaKey;
if (ev.keyCode === 13) {
this.$socket.send(input);
input = '';
term.writeln('');
} else if (ev.keyCode === 8) {
// Do not delete the prompt
if (term._core.buffer.x > 2) {
term.write('\b \b');
input = input.slice(0, -1);
}
} else if (printable) {
input += e.key;
term.write(e.key);
}
});
},
destroyed() {
delete this.$options.sockets.onmessage;
}
}
</script>
<style lang="scss">
</style>
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https://openalex.org/W3163976179 | OpenAlex | Open Science | CC-By | 2,021 | Real world analysis on the efficacy and safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with stricturing Crohn’s disease | Sudheer K. Vuyyuru | English | Spoken | 6,788 | 13,914 | Sudheer K. Vuyyuru1, Bhaskar Kante1, Peeyush Kumar1, Pabitra Sahu1, Saurabh Kedia1,
Mukesh Kumar Ranjan1, Raju Sharma2, Rajesh Panwar3, Govind Makharia1 & Vineet Ahuja1* Crohn’s disease (CD) is often complicated by strictures and associated with increased risk for surgery. Inflammatory strictures respond to medical therapy, and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy is
often used after the failure of steroids. However, data on efficacy of anti-TNF therapy in stricturing CD
is limited. We retrospectively analysed the records of patients with stricturing CD who were treated
with anti-TNF therapy and were prospectively followed from January 2005 to July 2020. Treatment
success was defined as continuation of anti-TNF without the requirement for steroids or parenteral
nutrition, switch to other anti-TNF, endoscopic dilation, surgery and severe adverse events leading
to the withdrawal of anti-TNF. Fifty-nine patients were included [50-infliximab, 9-adalimumab; mean
age-30.1 ± 15 years; males-69.5%; median disease duration-124 (range 30–396) months; median
follow-up duration-42 (range 8–180) months]. Ileum was the most common site of stricture (69.5%),
20.3% of patients had colonic strictures, and 64.4% had multiple strictures. 55.9% of patients were
steroid dependent and 37.3% were steroid refractory. The median duration of anti-TNF therapy was
14 (range 2–96) months, and 54.2% (n = 32) patients received concomitant immunomodulators. 88%
improved with induction (11.8% primary non-response), secondary loss of response was seen in
52.2%, and the cumulative probability of treatment success at 1, 2 and 5 years was 69%, 51%, and
28% respectively. Anaemia at presentation predicted poor response. Only 30% of patients retained
biologics on long-term (lack of response, cost, adverse events). 16.9% had adverse events, the
commonest being reactivation of tuberculosis (5.1%). Anti-TNF therapy is associated with good short-
term treatment success with modest long-term response in stricturing CD. Crohn’s disease (CD) is an immune mediated inflammatory intestinal disease often complicated by strictures,
fistulae and abscess. Though strictures can form early in the disease course as shown in the Epi-IBD inception
cohort1, most patients develop these complications during the natural course of CD2, progressing with disease
duration, as evident in population based cohort from Olmsted County, in which 19% patients had stricturing or
penetrating complication at diagnosis or within 90 days of diagnosis, and by 20 years half the cohort experienced
complications like strictures and fistulae3.hi pi
Three key components in defining stricture are bowel wall thickening, pre-stenotic dilatation and luminal
narrowing, and the presence of any of these two components is suggestive of a stricture. Strictures can be formed
de novo or at the anastomotic site after bowel resection. www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports Real world analysis on the efficacy
and safety of anti‑tumor necrosis
factor therapy in patients
with stricturing Crohn’s disease
N Sudheer K. Vuyyuru1, Bhaskar Kante1, Peeyush Kumar1, Pabitra Sahu1, Saurabh Kedia1,
Mukesh Kumar Ranjan1, Raju Sharma2, Rajesh Panwar3, Govind Makharia1 & Vineet Ahuja1* Sudheer K. Vuyyuru1, Bhaskar Kante1, Peeyush Kumar1, Pabitra Sahu1, Saurabh Kedia1,
Mukesh Kumar Ranjan1, Raju Sharma2, Rajesh Panwar3, Govind Makharia1 & Vineet Ahuja1* Sudheer K. Vuyyuru1, Bhaskar Kante1, Peeyush Kumar1, Pabitra Sahu1, Saurabh Kedia1,
Mukesh Kumar Ranjan1, Raju Sharma2, Rajesh Panwar3, Govind Makharia1 & Vineet Ahuja1* They may develop anywhere in the small bowel and large
bowel but most common site is the ileum. Though there is no clear-cut demarcation, early in the disease course
the strictures can be predominantly inflammatory early in the disease course, or predominantly fibrotic after
anti-inflammatory therapies. The inflammatory component of strictures can be tackled with immunosuppres-
sants whereas fibrotic strictures often require surgical intervention in the form of resection or stricturoplasty or
endoscopic intervention like balloon dilatation or stricturotomy. These procedures relieve mechanical obstruc-
tion but do not affect the underlying fibrogenic process, which also has remained largely refractory to existing
medical therapies. 1Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delh 110029,
India. 2Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. 3Department
of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi,
India. *email: [email protected] Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:11704 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Unlike luminal CD, patients with symptomatic stricturing CD have largely been excluded from the registra-
tion trials of most of the available therapies for CD, and there are no well-designed trials which have evaluated the
efficacy of immunosuppressants like steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics in this group of patients. Hence,
the evidence is mostly extrapolated from the trials on inflammatory CD or from the real-world retrospective or
prospective cohort studies which have separately evaluated stricturing CD. Among the available maintenance
therapies, though the immunomodulators like azathioprine and methotrexate have been found useful in limiting
the progression of CD, they are considered ineffective as primary agents. Among the biologics, anti-TNF agents
have the maximum evidence, however, this is also limited to a few retrospective studies and three prospective
studies including the CREOLE study by Bouhnik et al., which evaluated the efficacy of adalimumab4–10 in 97
patients. The initial concern (progression of stricture, perforation) with the use of anti-TNF therapy in strictur-
ing CD has gradually waned off with upcoming literature on their efficacy and safety, and the present study adds
to this growing evidence. Role of anti-TNF therapy in prevention of surgery in stricturing CD is controversial. One predictive model (BACARDI) developed by Belgium group showed high risk of surgery with anti-TNF
exposure11. Sudheer K. Vuyyuru1, Bhaskar Kante1, Peeyush Kumar1, Pabitra Sahu1, Saurabh Kedia1,
Mukesh Kumar Ranjan1, Raju Sharma2, Rajesh Panwar3, Govind Makharia1 & Vineet Ahuja1* Even though various retrospective studies of vedolizumab in CD included a significant fraction of
patients with strictures and fistulae, data on stratified outcomes based on behaviour (inflammatory/strictur-
ing/penetrating) are not available, and there are no data available for ustekinumab, and JAK inhibitors as well. Moreover, these newer agents are still not available in all the countries, especially the developing ones, where
the disease burden of IBD is increasing. Hence, anti-TNF agents remain the medical therapy of choice for this
subgroup of difficult to treat patients, and more evidence is required on their efficacy and safety in this situation. Hence, this retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-TNF therapy in
patients with stricturing Crohn’s disease. Materials and methodsh Study population. This study included patients with stricturing CD who were treated with anti-TNF agents
and were under follow-up at the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, All
India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India from January 2005 to July 2020. Study design and data collection. In this retrospective study, we collected data from prospectively
maintained database of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. All patients with stricturing CD (includ-
ing small bowel and large bowel strictures) treated with anti-TNF agents were included in this study. Data on
demographic features, disease characteristics (including location, extent, severity, behavior), site of stricture,
radiological details, treatment received, response to therapy, and long-term complications were recorded. Any
missing data was confirmed by interviewing the patient in person. Ethical considerations. The study protocol was written in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the
1975 Declaration of Helsinki as reflected in a priori approval by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of All
India Institute of Medical Sciences on 27.03.2019 (IRB No: IECPG-219/27.03.2019). As this is a retrospective
study consent from participants has been waived off by the ethics committee. Definitions. Crohn’s disease. Diagnosis of CD was made as per European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization
(ECCO) guidelines, based upon characteristic clinical, radiologic, endoscopic, and histologic features. Disease
activity was measured by the CD activity index (CDAI)12. Disease location and behavior were classified based
on Montreal classification13. 2
567890)
Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:11704 |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2i
on Montreal classification13. Definitions of stricture. A lesion with combination of a reduction of luminal narrowing > 50%, an increase in
bowel wall thickness > 25% relative to non-affected bowel and pre-stricture dilation > 3 cm. For strictures identi-
fied during endoscopic procedure defined by luminal narrowing with inability to pass the endoscope across the
narrowing14. Steroid response. Decrease in Crohn’s disease activity index by ≥ 100 points without intestinal obstruction 15. Response to anti‑TNF. Decrease in Crohn’s disease activity index by ≥ 100 points without intestinal
obstruction. Treatment success. Continuation of anti-TNF with all the following criteria5
(a)
no use of corticosteroids or parenteral nutrition, or switch to other anti-TNFs
(b) no endoscopic dilation
(c)
no bowel surgery for resection of stricture
(d) no severe adverse events leading to the withdrawal of anti-TNF
Primary non‑response. Lack of initial clinical response to the index anti-TNF agent (decrease in CDAI
by < 100 points) assessed at week 14 after initiation16. Results From January 2005 to July 2020, 224 patients of Crohn’s disease with strictures (B2) were identified. Among these
patients, 59 patients received anti-TNF therapy (Infliximab and Adalimumab biosimilar) and were included in
the final analysis. All patients with strictures and associated internal fistula were excluded from the analysis. Baseline characteristics. The mean age at presentation was 30.1 ± 15.6 years (A1: 27.1; A2: 40.7%; A3:
32.2%) and majority were male [69.5% (n = 41)]. The median duration of Crohn’s disease was 124 (range: 30–396)
months and patients were followed up for a median duration of 42 (range: 8–180) months. 52.5% patients had
abdominal pain, 42.4% had diarrhoea, 15.3% (n = 9) had associated perianal fistula, and 10.2% (n = 6) had his-
tory of subacute intestinal obstruction. Ileum was the most common site of stricture [69.5%, n = 41], colonic
strictures were seen in 20.3% (n = 12) patients, and only 10.2% (n = 6) patients had jejunal strictures. 64.4%
(n = 38) patients had more than one stricture. In only 45.8% (n = 27) patients, the stricture was accessible to
endoscopy. Anaemia was seen in 59.3% (n = 35) patients and the mean haemoglobin of entire cohort was 9.3gm/
dl (SD ± 2.0). 39% (n = 23) patients were considered for therapeutic ATT trial to confirm the diagnosis of Crohn’s
disease before initiation of immunosuppressants. Extraintestinal manifestations were seen in 18.6% (n = 11). (Table 1). Treatment outcomes. Steroids and immunomodulators. A Majority (93.2%; n = 55) of the patients
experienced at least one steroid course and 56% (n = 33) had a clinical response. 33.9% (n = 20) patients received
three or more courses of steroids. 55.9% (n = 33) were steroid dependent and 37.3%% (n = 22) were refractory
to steroid therapy. 88% (n = 52) patients experienced therapy with azathioprine, of which 55.9% (n = 33) were
prescribed azathioprine as a form of primary therapy (before starting anti-TNF agents). However, response
to azathioprine could be assessed in only 40.6% (n = 24) patients as rest received it for a duration of less than
6 months. Among these patients, 29% (7/24) maintained clinical remission induced by steroids for a median
duration of 23 months. Results 47.5% (n = 28) patients received azathioprine along with anti-TNF therapy which was
either started along with anti-TNF therapy (n = 22) or continued along with biologics if they had already been
on azathioprine (n = 6). Nine patients received subcutaneous methotrexate (in five patients as monotherapy and
in four patients as concomitant therapy). Anti‑TNF therapy. Among fifty-nine patients, majority received infliximab (84.7%; n = 50) as initial
therapy and rest (15.3%; n = 9) received adalimumab. The median duration of anti TNF therapy was 14 (range
2–96) months. 54.2% (n = 32) patients received concomitant therapy with immunomodulators. After induction
therapy 88% (n = 52) patients had clinical improvement (Primary non response: 11.8%). Maintenance therapy
was continued in 46 patients of whom 52.2 (n = 24) had a secondary loss of response at a median duration of
21 months. The overall cumulative probability of treatment success at the end of 1, 2 and 5 years was 69%,
51%, and 28% respectively (Table 2 & Fig. 1). Among patients who had response after induction therapy the
cumulative treatment success rate at 1, 2 and 5 years was 78.5%, 59%, and 32.8% respectively. There was no dif-
ference between patients with colonic strictures versus small bowel strictures in the probability of maintaining
response to biologics (Fig. 2). At the end of follow up (median of 42 months), 69.5% (n = 41) stopped biologics. Most common reason for stopping biologics was lack of response (37.3%; n = 22), followed by lack of finances
(18.6%, n = 11), and severe adverse events (13.6%, n = 8). Those patients who stopped biologics due to lack of
response had higher rate of surgery, compared to those who stopped due to other indications (9 vs 1; p = 0.01). However, the hospitalization rate and subsequent steroid requirement were similar between both groups. The
overall probability of maintaining response was high in patients who continued to take biologics compared to
those who stopped (Fig. 3). Among patients who stopped therapy, 11.8% (n = 7) switched to alternate anti-TNF
therapy, 11.8% (n = 7) underwent surgical resection, 20.3% (n = 12) were maintained on immunomodulators
(azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine/methotrexate), and 16.9% (n = 10) received partial exclusive enteral nutrition
(EEN). Ethical approval.
Obtained (IRB No: IECPG-219/27.03.2019). Ethical approval. Obtained (IRB No: IECPG-219/27.03.2019). Materials and methodsh Secondary loss of response. Loss of response in patients with initial response to the anti-TNF agent16. Definitions of stricture. A lesion with combination of a reduction of luminal narrowing > 50%, an increase in
bowel wall thickness > 25% relative to non-affected bowel and pre-stricture dilation > 3 cm. For strictures identi-
fied during endoscopic procedure defined by luminal narrowing with inability to pass the endoscope across the
narrowing14. Steroid response. Decrease in Crohn’s disease activity index by ≥ 100 points without intestinal obstruction 15. Response to anti‑TNF. Decrease in Crohn’s disease activity index by ≥ 100 points without intestinal
bstruction. Response to anti‑TNF. Decrease in Crohn’s disease activity index by ≥ 100 points without intestinal
obstruction. 2
021) 11:11704 |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2
Response to anti‑TNF. Decrease in Crohn’s disease activity index by ≥ 100 points without intestinal
obstruction. Treatment success. Continuation of anti-TNF with all the following criteria5
(a)
no use of corticosteroids or parenteral nutrition, or switch to other anti-TNFs
(b) no endoscopic dilation
(c)
no bowel surgery for resection of stricture
(d) no severe adverse events leading to the withdrawal of anti-TNF
Primary non‑response. Lack of initial clinical response to the index anti-TNF agent (decrease in CDAI
by < 100 points) assessed at week 14 after initiation16. Secondary loss of response. Loss of response in patients with initial response to the anti-TNF agent16. Treatment success. Continuation of anti-TNF with all the following criteria5
(a)
no use of corticosteroids or parenteral nutrition, or switch to other anti-TNFs
(b) no endoscopic dilation
(c)
no bowel surgery for resection of stricture
(d) no severe adverse events leading to the withdrawal of anti-TNF Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:11704 | www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Statistical analysis. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages and continuous variables were
expressed mean ± SD or median (range) as appropriate. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical vari-
ables and Student t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare continuous variables as appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Survival analysis was done to evaluate the cumulative response
with therapy. Predictors of response to anti-TNFs were estimated with Cox-proportional hazard model. After
univariate analysis, all the variables with P values less than 0.15 were considered in the subsequent multivariate
analysis. SPSS software version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Ethical approval. Obtained (IRB No: IECPG-219/27.03.2019). Ethical approval. Obtained (IRB No: IECPG-219/27.03.2019). www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with stricturing Crohn’s disease. Parameter
N (%) (n = 59)
Age at presentation (Mean ± SD)
30.1 ± 15.6
A1
16 (27.1%)
A2
24 (40.7%)
A3
19 (32.2%)
Sex (%)
Male
41 (69.5%)
Female
18 (30.5%)
Median disease duration of disease (range) (months)
124 (30–396)
Overall median duration of follow up (range) (months)
42 (8–180)
Median duration between disease onset and initiation of biologics (months)
72 (50–120)
Median duration of follow up after initiation of biologics (months)
26 (16–50)
Clinical symptoms
Diarrhoea
25 (42.4%)
Abdominal pain
31 (52.5%)
Blood in stools
16 (27.1%)
Subacute intestinal obstruction
6 (10.2%)
Perianal fistula
9 (15.3%)
Anaemia at baseline
35 (59.3%)
Extra intestinal manifestations
11 (18.6%)
Disease location (L), n (%)
Terminal Ileal ± ileocaecal (L1)
13 (22.0%)
Colonic (L2)
14 (23.7%)
Ileocolonic (L3)
12 (20.3%)
Upper gastrointestinal (L4)
13 (22.0%)
L1 + 4 (with upper GI modifier)
6 (10.2%)
L3 + 4 (with upper GI modifier)
1 (1.7%)
Location of stricture (%)
Ileal
41 (69.5%)
Jejunal +/− Ileal
6 (10.2%)
Colonic
12 (20.3%)
Number of strictures
Single
21 (35.6%)
Multiple
38 (64.4%)
Stricture noted on endoscopy
27 (45.8%)
Baseline Haemoglobin (mean ± SD) (gm/dl)
9.3 ± 2.0
Baseline Albumin (mean ± SD) (gm/dl)
3.3 ± 0.85
Steroid dependent disease
33 (55.9%)
Steroid refractory disease
22 (37.3%)
≥ 3 courses of steroids
20 (33.9%)
Azathioprine received (overall)
52 (88.0%)
Concomitant immunomodulators
Azathioprine
28 (47.8%)
Methotrexate
4 (6.8%)
Therapeutic ATT trial
23 (39.0%) Adverse events. A total of 16.9% (n = 10) adverse events occurred. 5.1% of patients had reactivation of
tuberculosis, 1.7% had infusion reactions requiring temporary cessation of infusion. Two (3.4%) developed viral
infections including one patient with herpes zoster and one patient with varicella infection. One patient devel-
oped skin rash which required therapy discontinuation. (Table 4). Results (
)
Among the factors predicting treatment success with anti-TNF therapy, anaemia at presentation was the only
clinical factor which predicted poor response on univariate analysis, rest of the factors including age at onset
less than 30 years, male sex, intestinal obstruction, perianal fistula, EIM, colonic stricture, steroid dependency
and early initiation of biologics, were not significant on cox regression analysis (Table 3). Colonic strictures,
anaemia at presentation and early initiation of biologics were included in multivariate analysis, but they were not
significant. Factors predicting primary non-response and secondary loss of response were also analysed. Only
female sex predicted primary non-response on univariate analysis and none of the factors predicted secondary
loss of response (supplementary table 1 & 2). Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:11704 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2 Discussionh The present study demonstrates the efficacy of anti-TNF therapy in patients with stricturing CD, a patient popu-
lation which is challenging to treat medically. 69% of patients in this cohort had treatment success at 12 months
without the requirement for any treatment change or additional therapy. This success rate, however, fell to 28% at
5 years, primarily due to loss of response, and to a lesser extent due to treatment withdrawal because of adverse
events or prohibitive cost. Majority were difficult to treat, and were either steroid dependent or steroid refrac-
tory, had prolonged disease duration (median duration of disease 10 years), and ~ 2/3rd had multiple strictures. Among the available immunosuppressive therapies, steroids can reduce inflammation and mucosal oedema and https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Table 2. Outcomes after initiation of biological therapy in stricturing Crohn’s disease. Outcome
N (%)
Initial biologic therapy
IFX
50 (84.7%)
ADA
9 (15.3%)
Cumulative success rate at 12 months
69%
Cumulative success rate at 24 months
51%
Cumulative success rate at 60 months
28%
Median duration of therapy (range) (months)
14 (2–96)
Primary non response
7 (11.8%)
Secondary loss of response
24 (52.2%)
Median duration of response after induction therapy
21 (12–38)
Biologics stopped
41 (69.5%)
Reasons for stopping biologics
Non-affordability
11 (18.6%)
Lack of response
22 (37.3%)
Adverse events
8 (13.6%)
Therapy offered in patients who stopped biologics
Switch to another biologic
7 (11.9%)
Maintained on immunomodulators
12 (20.3%)
Surgery
7 (11.8%)
EEN
10 (16.9%) Table 2. Outcomes after initiation of biological therapy in stricturing Croh
Outcome
N (%)
Initial biologic therapy
IFX
50 (84.7%)
ADA
9 (15.3%)
Cumulative success rate at 12 months
69%
Cumulative success rate at 24 months
51%
Cumulative success rate at 60 months
28%
Median duration of therapy (range) (months)
14 (2–96)
Primary non response
7 (11.8%)
Secondary loss of response
24 (52.2%)
Median duration of response after induction therapy
21 (12–38)
Biologics stopped
41 (69.5%)
Reasons for stopping biologics
Non-affordability
11 (18.6%)
Lack of response
22 (37.3%)
Adverse events
8 (13.6%)
Therapy offered in patients who stopped biologics
Switch to another biologic
7 (11.9%)
Maintained on immunomodulators
12 (20.3%)
Surgery
7 (11.8%)
EEN
10 (16.9%) Table 2. Outcomes after initiation of biological therapy in stricturing Crohn’s disease. Table 2. Outcomes after initiation of biological therapy in stricturing Crohn’s disease. Figure 1. Kaplan Meier graph showing probability of anti TNF success in patients with stricturing Crohn’s
disease. Figure 1. Kaplan Meier graph showing probability of anti TNF success in patients with stricturing Crohn’s
disease. are considered in case of active obstructive symptoms, but their role in mucosal healing and resolution of stricture
has not been demonstrated, and they are not advised for maintenance. Among biologics, anti-TNF agents are
considered as treatment of choice in the presence of inflammation.h are considered in case of active obstructive symptoms, but their role in mucosal healing and resolution of stricture
has not been demonstrated, and they are not advised for maintenance. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2 Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:11704 | www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Among biologics, anti-TNF agents are
considered as treatment of choice in the presence of inflammation.h pl
The results of the present study are similar to the largest, multicentre, prospective study which evaluated
efficacy of adalimumab in 97 patients with small bowel stricturing CD (CREOLE). In this study, 64% of patients
with symptomatic strictures had treatment success at 24 weeks whereas, at a median follow up of 3.8 years, the
treatment was successful only in 29%. Overall, 50% of patients did not require bowel resection 4 years after study
inclusion5. In the present study majority of patients (84.7%) received infliximab and the outcome measures were
similar to CREOLE study. The treatment success at 12 months was almost similar in both studies (61% vs 69%), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2 Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:11704 | entificreports/
Figure 2. Kaplan Meier graph comparing treatment success between colonic strictures and small bowel
strictures. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Figure 2. Kaplan Meier graph comparing treatment success between colonic strictures and small bowel
strictures. Figure 2. Kaplan Meier graph comparing treatment success between colonic strictures and small bowel
strictures. Figure 2. Kaplan Meier graph comparing treatment success between colonic strictures and small bowel
strictures. Figure 3. Kaplan Meier graph showing probability of maintaining response after anti-TNF discontinuation due
to various reasons compared with patients continued to take anti-TNF. Figure 3. Kaplan Meier graph showing probability of maintaining response after anti-TNF discontinuation due
to various reasons compared with patients continued to take anti-TNF. and the cumulative probability at 5 years was also similar to the long-term results of the CREOLE study (25%
vs 29%). In our cohort, only 11.8% patients underwent surgery, as compared to the CREOLE study where > 50%
patients required resection. More than 40% patients in CREOLE study had previous intestinal resection (which
is the strongest risk factor for surgery), which could explain the higher rates of surgery in the CREOLE study. Moreover, most of the patients in our study had multiple strictures, which precluded surgery because of the high
risk of developing short bowel syndrome with resection. Another prospective study by Pallotta et al., demon-
strated 53% resolution of small bowel strictures with infliximab using small bowel ultrasound7. But these findings
were not replicated in another prospective study by Condino et al., in which there was no significant change in
sonographic parameters after infliximab or adalimumab therapy8. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ the present study, because of lack of expertise in small bowel USG, and logistics with repeating cross-sectional
imaging to evaluate stricture resolution.h the present study, because of lack of expertise in small bowel USG, and logistics with repeating cross-sectional
imaging to evaluate stricture resolution.h Endoscopic dilatation was done in only 5% in our study. This was because of the fact that majority in our
patients had multiple inflammatory strictures located in the small bowel which were not suitable for dilatation. Recent patient level meta-analysis showed that even though there is 80% clinical improvement after EBD, the
effect was short term and two thirds required repeat dilatation and one third required surgery17 At follow-up,
even though overall retention rate of biologics was low in our study (69.5% stopped biologics), approximately
50% of patients stopped because of lack of finances or adverse events. Interestingly, the long-term probability
of response was higher among the patients who stopped because of lack of finance or adverse events than those
who stopped because of loss of response. Among the predictors of response to anti-TNF therapy, pre-stenotic dilatation and long segment strictures
have been consistent across the studies which predict high risk of surgery18,19 We did not evaluate the radiological
predictors in this study, and among the clinical predictors anaemia at presentation was the only factor associated
with poor response to anti-TNF therapy. In a retrospective study from Japan, among 53 patients with small bowel
strictures, half required surgery at 5 years, and pre-stenotic dilatation and long segment stricture were associated
with higher while immunomodulator or biologic usage was associated with lower risk of surgery20. In a real-life
cohort study from Italy which included 51 patients, 39% required surgery during follow up, and presence of
colonic and ileocolonic location was associated with increased risk of surgery21 unlike our study presence where
stricture location was not associated with treatment failure.h The literature on the role of anti-TNF therapy in reducing the rates of surgery in CD remains uncertain. Observational studies suggest that early initiation of biologics prevent disease progression from inflammatory
phenotype to stricture development. A retrospective study from the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Col-
laborative Research Group registry involving 1442 paediatric IBD patients showed early initiation (< 3 months
of diagnosis) of biologics was associated with avoidance of surgery but it was evident only after 5 years22. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Resolution of strictures was not evaluated in and the cumulative probability at 5 years was also similar to the long-term results of the CREOLE study (25%
vs 29%). In our cohort, only 11.8% patients underwent surgery, as compared to the CREOLE study where > 50%
patients required resection. More than 40% patients in CREOLE study had previous intestinal resection (which
is the strongest risk factor for surgery), which could explain the higher rates of surgery in the CREOLE study. Moreover, most of the patients in our study had multiple strictures, which precluded surgery because of the high
risk of developing short bowel syndrome with resection. Another prospective study by Pallotta et al., demon-
strated 53% resolution of small bowel strictures with infliximab using small bowel ultrasound7. But these findings
were not replicated in another prospective study by Condino et al., in which there was no significant change in
sonographic parameters after infliximab or adalimumab therapy8. Resolution of strictures was not evaluated in https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2 Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:11704 | www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Table 3
Factors predicting anti-TNF failure in stricturing Crohn’s disease
Factor
Univariate
Multivariate
HR (Confidence intervals)
P value
HR (Confidence intervals)
P value
Age at onset less than 30 years
0.9 (0.4–1.9)
0.8
–
–
Male sex
0.9 (0.3–2.1)
0.9
–
–
Intestinal obstruction
0.8 (0.2–2.7)
0.7
–
–
Perianal fistula
0.8 (0.3–2.1)
0.8
–
–
Extra intestinal manifestations
1.3 (0.5–3.3)
0.6
–
–
Colonic strictures
0.5 (0.2–1.2)
0.1
0.5 (0.2–1.3)
0.1
Anemia at presentation
2.1 (1.0–4.6)
0.05
1.8 (0.9–4.0)
0.09
Steroid dependent disease
0.8 (0.3–1.6)
0.5
–
–
Early initiation of biologics
0.4 (0.2–1.0)
0.07
0.4 (0.2–1.0)
0.08
Concomitant IM
1.2 (0.6–2.7)
0.5
–
– Table 3. Factors predicting anti-TNF failure in stricturing Crohn’s disease. Table 4. Adverse events secondary to biologics. Adverse event
N (%)
Tuberculosis reactivation
3 (5.1%)
Pneumonia
1 (1.7%)
Skin rash requiring withdrawal
1 (1.7%)
Urticaria
1 (1.7%)
Infusion reaction
1 (1.7%)
Bacterial sepsis
1 (1.7%)
Zoster
1 (1.7%)
Varicella
1 (1.7%) Table 4. Adverse events secondary to biologics. Adverse event
N (%)
Tuberculosis reactivation
3 (5.1%)
Pneumonia
1 (1.7%)
Skin rash requiring withdrawal
1 (1.7%)
Urticaria
1 (1.7%)
Infusion reaction
1 (1.7%)
Bacterial sepsis
1 (1.7%)
Zoster
1 (1.7%)
Varicella
1 (1.7%) Table 4. Adverse events secondary to biologics. Table 4. Adverse events secondary to biologics. Table 3. Factors predicting anti-TNF failure in stricturing Crohn’s disease. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Among
adult patients, Swiss IBD cohort showed among large group of patients that early treatment (< 2 years) with IM
or biologics was associated with decreased intestinal surgery, perianal surgery, and stricturing complications23. d
f
l
(
)
h In our study infective complications were seen in 11.8% (n = 7) patients, among them TB reactivation was
seen in three, and viral infections were seen in two patients. Overall, 8 patients had to stop biologics due to
adverse events. All patients who developed TB reactivation had been screened for latent TB before initiation
of anti TNF therapy. Incidence of TB reactivation following anti-TNF therapy is high in TB endemic areas as
shown in recent meta-analysis24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2 Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:11704 | www.nature.com/scientificreports/ The major limitation of our study are its retrospective design and small sample size. Further, the response
assessment was based only on clinical parameters rather than objective demonstration of improvement with
endoscopy or radiology. Response assessment in stricturing CD is inconsistent across studies with most studies
looked at risk of surgery but it will be influenced by indication for surgery, decision making threshold of treating
physician and patient preference. Lack of therapeutic drug monitoring is also another major limitation in our
study. However, there are no well-defined cut offs of trough levels to be targeted in patients of stricturing CD. This phenotype may need higher levels as in the case of fistulizing CD especially perianal fistulae which needs
to be further explored. yif
g
g
p
g
This phenotype may need higher levels as in the case of fistulizing CD especially perianal fistulae which ne
to be further explored. References: Effect of infliximab on small bowel stenoses in patients with Crohn’s disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 14(12)
1885–1890. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.1885 (2008). (
)
7. Pallotta, N. et al. Effect of infliximab on small bowel stenoses in patients with Crohn’s disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 14(12),
1885–1890. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.1885 (2008). p
g
jg
8. Condino, G. et al. Anti-TNF-alpha treatments and obstructive symptoms in Crohn’s disease: A prospective study. Dig. Liver Dis
45(3), 258–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2012.10.009 (2013).fi p
g
jg
8. Condino, G. et al. Anti-TNF-alpha treatments and obstructive symptoms in Crohn’s disease: A prospective study. Dig. Liver
45(3), 258–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2012.10.009 (2013).fi p
g
j
9. Campos, C. et al. Medical therapies for stricturing Crohn’s disease: Efficacy and cross-sectional imaging predictors of therapeutic
failure. Dig Dis Sci. 62(6), 1628–1636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-017-4572-4 (2017).l p
g
j
9. Campos, C. et al. Medical therapies for stricturing Crohn’s disease: Efficacy and cross-sectional imaging predictors of therapeutic
failure. Dig Dis Sci. 62(6), 1628–1636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-017-4572-4 (2017).l g
p
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10. Pelletier, A.-L., Kalisazan, B., Wienckiewicz, J., Bouarioua, N. & Soulé, J.-C. Infliximab treatment for symptomatic Crohn’s di
strictures. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 29(3), 279–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03887.x (2009).ih g
p
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0. Pelletier, A.-L., Kalisazan, B., Wienckiewicz, J., Bouarioua, N. & Soulé, J.-C. Infliximab treatment for symptomatic Crohn’s disease
strictures. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 29(3), 279–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03887.x (2009).ih h
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1. Bossuyt, P. et al. Risk stratification for surgery in stricturing ileal Crohn’s disease: The BACARDI risk model. J. Crohns Colitis
12(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx110 (2018).hi ( )
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tions and diagnosis. J. Crohns Colitis. 4(1), 7–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2009.12.003 (2010).hil g
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3. Satsangi, J., Silverberg, M. S., Vermeire, S. & Colombel, J. The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: Controversies
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14. Rieder, F. et al. An expert consensus to standardise definitions, diagnosis and treatment targets for anti-fibrotic stricture therapies
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Diagnosis and medical management. J. Crohns Colitis. 11(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw168 (2017). 16. Singh, S., George, J., Boland, B. S., Vande Casteele, N. & Sandborn, W. References: J. Primary non-response to tumor necrosis factor antagonists
is associated with inferior response to second-line biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review
and meta-analysis. J. Crohns Colitis. 12(6), 635–643. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy004 (2018). y
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7. Bettenworth, D. et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: Efficacy of balloon-assisted enteroscopy for dilation of small bowe
Crohn’s disease strictures. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 52(7), 1104–1116. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16049 (2020).fi 18. Bettenworth, D. et al. A pooled analysis of efficacy, safety, and long-term outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation therapy for
patients with stricturing Crohn’s disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 23(1), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000988
(2017). 19. Maehata, Y. et al. Risk of surgery in patients with stricturing type of Crohn’s disease at the initial diagnosis: A single center experi-
ence. Intest. Res. 17(3), 357–364. https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.00107 (2019).l g
0. Frolkis, A. D. et al. Risk of surgery for inflammatory bowel diseases has decreased over time: A systematic review and meta-analysis
of population-based studies. Gastroenterology 145(5), 996–1006. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.07.041 (2013).fi p p
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1. Allocca, M. et al. Efficacy of tumour necrosis factor antagonists in stricturing Crohn’s disease: A tertiary center real-life experience
Dig Liver Dis. 49(8), 872–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2017.03.012 (2017).f 22. Kurowski, J. A., Milinovich, A., Ji, X. et al. Differences in biologic utilization and surgery rates in pediatric and adult crohn’s disease:
Results from a large electronic medical record-derived cohort. Inflamm. Bowel. Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa239 (2020). 23. Safroneeva, E. et al. Impact of the early use of immunomodulators or TNF antagonists on bowel damage and surgery in Crohn’s
di
Ali
t Ph
l Th
42(8) 977 989 htt
//d i
/10 1111/
t 13363 (2015) 22. Kurowski, J. A., Milinovich, A., Ji, X. et al. Differences in biologic utilization and surgery rates in pediatric and adult crohn’s disease:
Results from a large electronic medical record-derived cohort. Inflamm. Bowel. Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa239 (2020). J
Jf
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Results from a large electronic medical record-derived cohort. Inflamm. Bowel. Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa239 (2020). 23. Safroneeva, E. et al. Impact of the early use of immunomodulators or TNF antagonists on bowel damage and surgery in Crohn’s
disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 42(8), 977–989. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13363 (2015).ll Results from a large electronic medical record derived cohort. Inflamm. Bowel. Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa239 (2020). 23. Safroneeva, E. et al. Impact of the early use of immunomodulators or TNF antagonists on bowel damage and surgery in Crohn’s
disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 42(8), 977–989. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13363 (2015).ll h
24. References: 1. Burisch, J. et al. Natural disease course of Crohn’s disease during the first 5 years after diagnosis in a European population-based
inception cohort: an Epi-IBD study. Gut 68(3), 423–433. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315568 (2019).l 1. Burisch, J. et al. Natural disease course of Crohn’s disease during the first 5 years after diagnosis in a European population-based
inception cohort: an Epi-IBD study. Gut 68(3), 423–433. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315568 (2019).l p
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2. Cosnes, J. et al. Long-term evolution of disease behavior of Crohn’s disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 8(4), 244–250. https://doi.org/
10.1097/00054725-200207000-00002 (2002).th 2. Cosnes, J. et al. Long-term evolution of disease behavior of Crohn’s disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 8(4), 244–250. https://doi.org/
10.1097/00054725-200207000-00002 (2002).th (
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3. Peyrin-Biroulet, L., Loftus, E. V., Colombel, J.-F. & Sandborn, W. J. The natural history of adult Crohn’s disease in population-based
cohorts. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105(2), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.579 (2010).f g
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4. Amitai, M. M. et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance enterography for prediction of response to tumor necrosis factor
inhibitors in stricturing Crohn’s disease. Abdom. Radiol. (NY). 43(12), 3207–3212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-018-1626-9
(2018).fi 4. Amitai, M. M. et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance enterography for prediction of response to tumor necrosis factor
inhibitors in stricturing Crohn’s disease. Abdom. Radiol. (NY). 43(12), 3207–3212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-018-1626-9
(2018).fi (
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5. Bouhnik, Y. et al. Efficacy of adalimumab in patients with Crohn’s disease and symptomatic small bowel stricture: A multicentre,
ti
b
ti
l
h
t (CREOLE) t d
G t 67(1) 53 60 htt
//d i
/10 1136/
tj l 2016 312581 (2018) (
)
5. Bouhnik, Y. et al. Efficacy of adalimumab in patients with Crohn’s disease and symptomatic small bowel stricture: A multicentre
prospective, observational cohort (CREOLE) study. Gut 67(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312581 (2018).i 5. Bouhnik, Y. et al. Efficacy of adalimumab in patients with Crohn’s disease and symptomatic small bowel stricture: A multicentre,
prospective, observational cohort (CREOLE) study. Gut 67(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312581 (2018).i 6. Gibson, D. J. et al. Magnetic resonance enterography findings as predictors of clinical outcome following antitumor necrosis factor
treatment in small bowel Crohn’s disease. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 27(8), 956–962. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000
000399 (2015).fl 6. Gibson, D. J. et al. Magnetic resonance enterography findings as predictors of clinical outcome following antitumor necrosis factor
treatment in small bowel Crohn’s disease. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 27(8), 956–962. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000
000399 (2015).fl (
)
7. Pallotta, N. et al. Conclusion Stricturing Crohn’s disease is a challenging problem to manage and anti TNF therapy is associated with good
short-term treatment success and a modest long-term response. Anaemia at presentation predicts poor response
to anti-TNF therapy. Received: 19 November 2020; Accepted: 22 April 2021 References: Kedia, S. et al. Risk of tuberculosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on infliximab or adalimumab is dependent on the
local disease burden of tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 115(3), 340–349. https://doi.
org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000527 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2 Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:11704 | www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Author contributions
Conceptualization: S.K.V., S.K., and V.A. Methodology: P.K., P.S., S.K., M.K.R., R.S, R.P. G.M., V.A. Formal
analysis: S.K.V. and B.K. Writing—original draft: S.K.V. and B.K. Writing—review and editing: S.K. and V.A. Approval of final manuscript: all authors. Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/
10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to V.A. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and
institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or
format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the
Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this
article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the
material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not
permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2021 Author contributions
l Author contributions
Conceptualization: S.K.V., S.K., and V.A. Methodology: P.K., P.S., S.K., M.K.R., R.S, R.P. G.M., V.A. Formal
analysis: S.K.V. and B.K. Writing—original draft: S.K.V. and B.K. Writing—review and editing: S.K. and V.A. Approval of final manuscript: all authors. Author contributions
Conceptualization: S.K.V., S.K., and V.A. Methodology: P.K., P.S., S.K., M.K.R., R.S, R.P. G.M., V.A. Formal
analysis: S.K.V. and B.K. Writing—original draft: S.K.V. and B.K. Writing—review and editing: S.K. and V.A. Approval of final manuscript: all authors. Conceptualization: S.K.V., S.K., and V.A. Methodology: P.K., P.S., S.K., M.K.R., R.S, R.P. G.M., V.A. Forma
nalysis: S.K.V. and B.K. Writing—original draft: S.K.V. and B.K. Writing—review and editing: S.K. and V.A
Approval of final manuscript: all authors. Additional informationh Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/
10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to V.A. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to V.A. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and
nstitutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or
format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the
Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this
article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the
material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not
permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2021 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90660-2 Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:11704 | | 21,411 |
https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%28%D0%BD%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8%20%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Кулешовка (ноҳияи Красногвардейск) | https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Кулешовка (ноҳияи Красногвардейск)&action=history | Tajik | Spoken | 37 | 161 | Кулешовка () — деҳа, яке аз маҳаллаҳои аҳолинишини Федератсияи Русия мебошад.
Деҳа, дар ҳайати ноҳияи Красногвардейск, ки дар вилояти Белгород қарор дорад, дохил мешавад.
Эзоҳ
Сарчашма
geonames.org
Маҳалҳои аҳолинишин аз рӯи алифбо
Маҳаллаҳои аҳолинишини ноҳияи Красногвардейск | 34,559 |
https://github.com/arkadius/nussknacker/blob/master/ui/client/components/graph/EspNode/getIconHref.ts | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,021 | nussknacker | arkadius | TypeScript | Code | 28 | 103 | import ProcessUtils from "../../../common/ProcessUtils"
import {absoluteBePath} from "../../../common/UrlUtils"
import "../graphTheme.styl"
export function getIconHref(node, nodesSettings) {
const iconFromConfig = nodesSettings?.icon
const defaultIconName = `${node.type}.svg`
return absoluteBePath(`/assets/nodes/${iconFromConfig || defaultIconName}`)
}
| 870 |
https://github.com/pankajkachhwaye/orderapps3/blob/master/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ApiHomeController.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | orderapps3 | pankajkachhwaye | PHP | Code | 262 | 1,265 | <?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;
use App\Models\AddressModel;
use App\Models\BucketProductModel;
use App\Models\DeliveryInformationModel;
use App\Models\DiscountModel;
use App\Models\ProductModel;
use App\Models\TimingModel;
use App\Models\OrderModel;
use App\Models\CustomerModel;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Carbon\Carbon;
use Mockery\Exception;
use Response;
use App\Models\CategoryModel;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Input;
class ApiHomeController extends Controller
{
public function allCategories(){
$datacategory = CategoryModel::all();
return Response::json($datacategory);
}
public function productByCategory(Request $request){
$buk_id = $request->input('bucket_cat');
$cat_id = $request->input('cat_id');
if($buk_id == 1){
$buc_pro = BucketProductModel::BuckProByCategory($cat_id)->get();
//dd($buc_pro);
$products = [];
foreach ($buc_pro as $key_bukpro => $value_bukpro){
$pushitm = $value_bukpro->toArray();
$buk_itm = $value_bukpro->relatedProducts()->get();
$pushitm['items'] = $value_bukpro->relatedProducts()->get()->toArray();
foreach ($buk_itm as $key_itm => $value_itm) {
$pushitm['items'][$key_itm]['related_items'] = $value_itm->itemRelatedProducts()->get()->toArray();
}
array_push($products,$pushitm);
}
}
else{
// dd('into');
$products = [];
$data = ProductModel::ProductsByCategory($cat_id)->get();
foreach ($data as $key_data => $value_data){
$temp_pro = $value_data->toArray();
$temp_pro['attribute_pricing'] = $value_data->productAttributePricing()->get()->toArray();
array_push($products,$temp_pro);
}
}
return Response::json($products);
}
public function aboutUsInfo(){
$address = AddressModel::all()->toArray();
$address[0]['latitude'] = 51.5199;
$address[0]['longitude'] = -.0917;
$post_info = DeliveryInformationModel::all()->toArray();
$timing = TimingModel::all()->toArray();
$discount = DiscountModel::all()->toArray();
$returnArray =[
'address_contact_no'=>$address,
'delivery_info'=>$post_info,
'opening_closing_time'=>$timing,
'delivery_time'=> 45,
'collection_time'=> 15,
'discount'=>$discount[0]['discount'],
];
if(count($returnArray) > 0){
$data = [
'status' => true,
'message'=>'Data Found',
'data'=>$returnArray
];
}
else{
$data = [
'status' => false,
'message'=>'Data Not Found',
'data'=>$returnArray
];
}
return Response::json($data);
}
public function newOrder(Request $request){
try{
$data = Input::all();
$customer = CustomerModel::whereEmail($data['email'])->first();
// dd($customer);
if($customer == null){
$customerArray = [
'customer_name'=>$data['full_name'],
'email'=>$data['email'],
'customer_mobile'=>$data['phone_no'],
'created_at'=>Carbon::now(),
];
$customer_id = CustomerModel::insertGetId($customerArray);
}
else{
$customer_id = $customer->id;
}
$pro_detail_tem = $data['product_detail'];
unset($data['product_detail']);
$pro_detail = json_encode($pro_detail_tem);
$data['product_detail'] =$pro_detail;
$data['created_at'] = Carbon::now();
$data['customer_id'] = $customer_id;
//temporary Transcation Id
// $data['transcation_id'] = str_random(25);
$insert = OrderModel::insert($data);
$return_array = [
'status'=>true,
'message'=>'Order Added successfully'
];
return Response::json($return_array);
}
catch(\Exception $ex)
{
return Response::json(['status'=>false,'message'=>$ex->getMessage()]);
}
}
}
| 29,973 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste%20der%20Entdecker%20des%20NGC/IC-Katalogs | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Liste der Entdecker des NGC/IC-Katalogs | https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liste der Entdecker des NGC/IC-Katalogs&action=history | German | Spoken | 46 | 117 | Die folgende Tabelle ist eine Auflistung der Entdecker der NGC-Objekte und der IC-Objekte.
Anmerkungen
Literatur
Wolfgang Steinicke: Nebel und Sternhaufen. Geschichte ihrer Entdeckung, Beobachtung und Katalogisierung – von Herschel bis zu Dreyers “New General Catalogue”. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2009, ISBN 978-3-8370-8350-7
Einzelnachweise
NGC/IC Entdecker
!Entdecker | 1,351 |
Subsets and Splits