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Maintaining and developing good physical and mental health of the child is of the prime importance for us. We would not shy away from saying this is more important than even academical development many times.
Nutrition
In consultation with a nutritionist, the overall meal plan for the children is drawn up to ensure a well balanced diet to meet their needs. The school dining hall serves vegetarian and egg meals, however the quality standards and variety is monitored closely.
Mental Health
Taking into consideration the emotions of the students, their counseling is done from time to time by the teachers, wardens and house-masters, to help them cope with stress. In student counseling we guide them about self awareness, goal setting, time management, problem solving, coping with emotional stress, positive thinking etc. Constant Counseling is done by the school in order to make them better students who can face challenges of life with courage and boldness.
Meditation
It is a mental discipline by which one attempts to get beyond the reflexive, "thinking" mind into a deeper state of relaxation or awareness. Meditation often involves turning attention to a single point of reference. It is a component of many religions, and has been practiced since antiquity. It is also practiced outside religious traditions. Different meditative disciplines encompass a wide range of spiritual or psychophysical practices that may emphasize different goals—from achievement of a higher state of consciousness, to greater focus, creativity or self-awareness, or simply a more relaxed and peaceful frame of mind. The students are trained to meditate and technique of doing so is taught. This will keep the students calm and stable. This will enhance their learning abilities and concentration which as a result will help the student secure good marks. | https://chinmayavidyalayanauni.com/healthcounselling/ |
Kanoon Yoga was established and headed by Masoud Mahdavipour in 1975 as a center for training body and mind. When yoga was officially recognized in Iran in 1995 through his endeavors, Kanoon Yoga obtained an official permit from the Physical Education Organization and continued to work until February 2019.
Kanoon Yoga began its unofficial activities in 1975-1976 in a residential building on Kargar Street in central Tehran. At the same time, it pursued its activities in Shahid Beheshti University (former Melli University) and present-day Hijab Sports Center. These unofficial activities continued until yoga was formally recognized in the country in 1995through the efforts of Masoud Mahdavipour and Kanoon Yoga continued its activities with an official permit from the Physical Education Organization.
Prior to 1995 (before and after the 1979 Revolution), Kanoon Yoga actively pursued its efforts to introduce yoga to officials at the Welfare Organization, the Physical Education Organization, and the Ministry of Health. Inspectors from the two former organizations above were actively in touch with Kanoon Yoga throughout these years to learn more on the subject.
In the years 1983-1984, Kanoon Yoga was also actively involved in working with paraplegic veterans at the Kahrizak War Center (Vet support facility) and Shafa Yahyayian Hospital.
The Kanoon Yoga method: Harmonic yoga
Harmonic yoga is practiced at Kanoon Yoga. In this type of yoga, as much attention is paid to the cultivation and management of the “mind” and its faculties, such as increased attention and concentration of thought, as it is to a healthy body. Fifty percent of the body and fifty percent of the mind are engaged in these exercises. Masoud Mahdavipour is the founder of this type of yoga.
This is a method based on the ancient Pantanjali yoga in which the students learn to combine their stretching and torsional exercises, muscle contractions, power techniques, balancing poses, and inverted asanas with mental abilities such as release and focus.
Experience shows that when a person works body and mind with equal effort, they experience physical vitality and agility at the same time as a motivated, positive, and focused mind. They will see the clear results in the rhythm of their actions, behaviors, thoughts, and decisions.
To obtain the best results in yoga and achieve growth and balance, equal attention must be paid to both powerful limbs in each practice: body and mind. Otherwise, we may tend either towards “mentalism” or become “body-oriented”. The outcome would only be the reflection of one extreme and its excesses on the other.
At each practice session, instructors at the center will always teach the physical techniques (tensile and contractile) together with relaxation, concentration, and mindfulness techniques. This method is the outcome of 45 years of experience at the center and Kanoon Yoga always strives to provide practical methods of creating physical and mental balance in the simplest ways for yoga enthusiasts. | https://en.masoudmahdavi.com/about/kanoon-yoga/ |
This important partnership will enhance the quality of interactions between at-risk individuals and first responders; improving the outcomes of search and rescue missions involving the most vulnerable
(March 15, 2019 – Port St. Lucie, Florida) In order to more effectively serve and protect individuals with various conditions and disabilities, Project Lifesaver International and Vitals™ Aware Services are teaming up in an effort to bring together advanced locating and critical client information technologies that will provide a safer experience and more favorable outcomes of interactions occurring between first responders and vulnerable individuals, more especially interactions occurring during search and rescue operations.
Both organizations are working closely on the model and eventual launch of an integrated program that will provide full-circle elopement protection, as well as enhance the current procedures and abilities for locating lost Project Lifesaver clients and returning them home safely.
Project Lifesaver International and Vitals™ Aware Services understand the many challenges that individuals living with intellectual, developmental or mental health challenges, their caregivers, and first responder agencies face, that’s why we have joined forces, to help better protect those vulnerable individuals, improve their quality of life, and help provide just a little more peace of mind. | https://projectlifesaver.org/project-lifesaver-international-vitals-aware-services-are-proud-to-announce-a-strategic-partnership/ |
The purpose of practicing Kendo is not exactly to win a duel, participating in constant tournaments and competitions or using their techniques for self defense are good reasons. It sounds contradictory that being a discipline that comes from the arts of the samurai sword, it is not useful at the time of a fight and is that one of the many reasons why it is practiced today is because of the excellent benefits it can contribute to life.
Although Kendo is one of the styles derived from Kenjutsu and represents the way of the samurai sword, so relevant in ancient times, what is the point of learning it today? What benefits does this practice offer us? Here is a list of its benefits.
Knowing a little about Kendo
It is a martial art linked to the principles of the use of the samurai sword, which allows to improve the character, through the discipline and application of the fundamentals of the Katana, which are known as Kata. In other words, Kendo is the practice of the way of the sword.
The suffix Do in the word Kendo indicates that it is a martial art, but it should be clear that it has an accentuated mental focus and not just a sports activity, focused mainly on technique. It represents a way of life that implies the practice or experience of order and constancy.
Kendo comes from the traditional Kenjutsu that actually gave rise to various types of fencing in the Japanese nation. The suffix jutsu means technique, which indicates that it refers largely to the methods used in battles, without an adversary being obligatory and that they come from the samurai of feudal Japan.
Weapons typically used in Kenjutsu are bokken / bokuto or wooden swords. While in Kendo the instrument used is that of the bamboo saber or shinai.
The benefits of practicing kendo
In Kendo, the main objective is self-knowledge and understanding that the greatest adversary of each person can be himself, so the battle is against what is inside humans and that does not allow the best version of them to emerge. That is what you have to overcome with Kendo. You can improve, through this discipline.
Anyone who practices the principles of Kendo, as they should be, during their lifetime will not only finally achieve the last Dan, but will also enjoy the personal benefits it offers. To next, some of them:
- It is a sport that demands the body, because you must learn to handle a shinai and a bogu or armor when you train, so you must get used to its weight and this is only possible through constant training.
- There are few practices in which the body is involved at the same time. With Kendo you exercise all your muscles at the same time. Activities performed during workouts can be intense, allowing you to increase muscle strength. In addition, it increases body resistance, which is why many people do it to optimize their physical condition.
- When training in the company of others you need skill, agility and good reflexes to react to the attacker, so you keep your body and mind active. You develop speed and improve your reflexes while learning how to use the samurai sword.
- The mental benefits that this discipline provides are well known, because as with any martial art, concentration is vital to take advantage of training.
- It invites you to create and maintain a commitment, remember that practice makes perfect, because only with a rigorous, focused and constant Kendo routine can you achieve the perfect Ippon. You will learn to achieve your goals and purposes based on work and perseverance.
- In the process as a kendoka you will know how to act in the face of stress, maintain mental calm and balance, thanks to your mental training. It teaches self-control, respect and mercy, something that is essential for our life.
- Another benefit of practicing Kendo is reaching spiritual fulfillment and having the ability to act like a person who enjoys it, even when the situations are not what you expected. Something that requires all your concentration and effort, without letting yourself be diminished by what is happening at the moment.
- With enough practice, the kendoka can achieve high levels of commitment and concentration over long periods of time when training, a valuable skill can also be applied to dealing with everyday situations in life. You will find the balance between physical and mental health.
- It allows you to know your weak points. Kendo is not about hitting, if not about avoiding being attacked and knowing your weaknesses. It may seem strange, but you will know what it means once you start, you will notice if you lack concentration, commitment or physical ability and you will be able to work on those aspects.
- A samurai lives with dignity, honesty, discipline, respect and love, Kendo brings those teachings into your life. It indicates the path for you to develop in a fair, honest and integral way, it helps to combat laziness and to direct the process for a full existence.
You must remember that modern Kendo only brings its benefits to those who have understood that this sport is not a way of beating an opponent or doing exercises, but a lifestyle that involves many aspects.
At present, the organizing bodies of this discipline, in Japan, have stopped awarding the ninth Dan, this happens approximately two decades ago, because after a point in training, you can no longer measure Kendo skills. Beyond this range, improvement becomes subjective, since the only way to calculate the progress of those who practice it is through the benefits observed in the individual’s daily life.
Kendo and good health certainly always go hand in hand, it does not require large muscles, it does not matter if you are short or tall, thin or corpulent.Since this sport is a good exercise to achieve optimal physical health, you will appreciate that your body becomes more fibrous and balanced. In addition, the handling of the sword and the samurai philosophy is very useful for daily life, teaching you how to deal with it.
Keep reading about the best boxers. | https://journalnow.net/10-reasons-why-you-should-practice-kendo/ |
When we perceive a visual stimulus, part of what we see is the center of our attention and the rest is the indistinct ground.
h. Figure-ground
Objects cast smaller images on the retina when they are more distant. As a result, parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to grow closer together the farther they are from us.
h. Linear Perspective
It is the tendency for perceptions of objects to remain relatively unchanged in spite of changes in raw sensations.
h. Perceptual constancy
A form of mental training that can be used to calm the mind, stabilize concentration, or enhance awareness of the present moment.
Meditation
A type of reinforcement that is learned by association, usually via classical conditioning like money, grades, and peer approval.
a. Secondary reinforcers
Things that are close together are usually perceived as belonging together.
k. Proximity
It is a preexisting mental concept or framework that helps people organize and interpret information.
Schema
This is a state of mind characterized by focused attention, suggestibility, absorption, lack of voluntary control over behavior, and suspension of critical faculties of mind.
Hypnosis
A term in classical conditioning wherein a response is elicited by the conditioned stimulus.
a. Conditioned response
The shape of the lens of the eye must change to focus the visual image on the retina from stimuli that are different distances from the eye.
j. Accommodation
drugs act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perceptions and alter mood.
Psychoactive
The ______________ schedule is where reinforcement always follows the first response after a set amount of time, producing a response pattern in which the rate of response immediately following reinforcement is low.
a. Fixed interval
A part of the inner ear that is characterized as a coiled, fluid-filled tube about 1.4 inches long that resembles a snail. This is where the sound waves are turned into neutral impulses.
a. Cochlea
Missing sensory information is automatically "filled in" in the process of perception to create complete and whole perceptions.
k. Closure
A theory of dreaming that rests on the idea that dreams are essentially subconscious cognitive processing.
a. Cognitive Theory of Dreaming
Visual stimuli in which the cues used in visual perception create a false perception.
a. Visual Illusions
We tend to perceive lines or patterns that follow a smooth contour as being part of a single unit.
f. Continuity
Closer objects tend to be partially in front of, or partially cover up, more distant objects.
g. Superposition
_____________ in depth perception require both eyes to allow us to perceive depth. | https://www.dohangout.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=432&p=797 |
Mental health is just as important as physical health, especially for those living with complex care needs and dementia.
A quarter of over 65s experience depression and 40% of over 85s live with incapacitating depression, which disrupts their ability to perform daily activities.
Those with living with complex care needs, and /or dementia may develop depression and or anxiety from an awareness of their reduced or decreasing capabilities.
At Belle Vue Court we appreciate the challenges of caring for those with complex care, dementia and mental health conditions and provide outstanding, personal care for our ladies and gentlemen in the welcoming environment of our home.
Mental health care
We provide mental health support for:
- People with advanced dementia with related complex health issues
- People with physical/sensory disabilities
- End of life care
- Mental health disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar
- Mental health with complex needs, that may be triggered by stress or distress
- Special needs which require nursing support
In order to provide the best possible mental health care services we liaise closely with local experts and health services including community mental health teams, psychiatrists and Nottingham GPs.
A safe and welcoming living environment
Our home at Belle Vue court has been tailored to create a homely feel for our ladies and gentlemen who are at the heart of the warm feeling within our home. Our flexible spaces and stunning gardens provide a place of both tranquillity and opportunities. The positive atmosphere comes from the close connection we create to the outside and nature, as well the person-centred care model we deliver. Our experienced staff build supportive and friendly relationships with our ladies and gentlemen, providing them with opportunities to find and maintain their confidence and independence.
Communicating about mental health
At Belle Vue Court we find talking and sharing feelings together can help people cope with mental health issues, whether it is finding solace in others and their stories, or simply enjoying having someone to talk to.
We offer:
- Peer support to reduce stigma and isolation
- Considerate and personalised services
- A community which is warm and inclusive
- Psychological therapies and strategies
Stimulating outdoor spaces
Everyone who resides at Belle Vue Court has access to our gardens and the outside environment, helping to enhance the wellbeing of those we care for. We encourage our ladies and gentlemen to enjoy the sunshine, wildlife and changing seasons in our spacious sensory garden. This special space provides a sanctuary for many to unwind, find a quiet place for soul-searching and top up vitamin D levels which are beneficial for wellbeing. | https://www.belle-vue-court.com/services/mental-health/ |
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Embedding robust security frameworks to mitigate cyber security threats in healthcare and protect data.
Bernadette Kenny from WA Primary Health Alliance delves into how to create and sustain an engaged and caring workforce
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[Aus] Virtual Event: Health & Human Services National Insights Series – Winter Edition
Date: 3 August 2022
Clinical decision-making is one of the few things in the world where precision literally saves lives. Healthcare analytics today is a functional asset that assists healthcare providers on a multitude of levels; from population monitoring, medical and health records, to diagnostics, treatment, clinical decisions, and even procurement and accounting.
Join us for the “Evolving Healthcare Analytics for a Thriving Digital-Health Ecosystem” virtual event to hear about cutting-edge innovations, developments, and applications across Australian Healthcare.
[Aus] Training: Re-engineer Your Workforce Capabilities & Capacity to Excel Under Pressure
Date: 11 & 18 August 2022
In this eight-hour workshop, you will be given proven and tailored frameworks and activities. You will be expertly guided on how to lead your team through stress, situations of limited resources, and tight timelines to achieve the optimal in healthcare operations and patient outcomes.
Through an innovative mix of presentations, interactive group exercises and expert feedback, this training is designed to ensure you and your workforce is capable of delivering outstanding service and outcomes and is resilient in the face of the tomorrow’s healthcare landscape.
[Canada] Showcase: Healthcare Infrastructure Conference
Date: 4 October 2022
To build a strong foundation for health infrastructure in Canada, public sector health officials must prioritise sustainability, resilience, and robust operations. Operating, redesigning, and upgrading, healthcare infrastructure is an ongoing journey that requires continuous improvement.
Join us at our Healthcare Infrastructure Conference and hear from key leaders in Canadian health infrastructure. Learn about the future of health infrastructure through a smart health and digital health lens. Together we will embrace innovation, revolutionise the healthcare system, and advance health for all Canadians. | https://publicsectornetwork.co/communities/health-and-human-services/ |
The theme of the Public Health Informatics Conference is “Connecting Systems and People to Improve Population Health.” Held biennially, the conference aims to provide a forum for new and seasoned public health, healthcare, and information technology professionals to exchange experiences, ideas, and strategies about public health informatics that are paramount to the advancement of public health practice and health equity. The Public Health Informatics Conference delivers opportunities to connect with colleagues, share new research, and discover how to navigate the increasingly connected public health enterprise.
North America
Boston Biotech Conference BD Boston
September 4, 2018 | Boston, MA, USA Website: https://lifesciences.knect365.com/bd-boston Contact: [email protected]
Boston Biotech Conferences (BBC) are thought-leader forums for senior biopharma executives. The conference is highly interactive and co-hosted by healthcare industry leaders to foster discussions and facilitate information-sharing, networking and corporate development within the biopharma community. The number of participants is limited to allow for one-on-one interaction with the most influential leaders in the life sciences. The attendees are able to derive the ability to network with the decision makers in the industry.
North America
Healthcare Innovation Forum: Blockchain, Al, and Beyond
September 13, 2018 | Lowell, MA, USA Website: http://www.masslifesciences.com/events Contact: [email protected]
The Healthcare Innovation Forum is created for healthcare startups and medtech innovators. The half-day workshop allows the attendees to gain authoritative insights on leading-edge technologies, new best practices, business intelligence, and networking opportunities. The event is hosted by M2D2, and the guest speakers include Kris Srinivasan, CEO of Alpha MD, and Edward Bukstel, CEO of Clinical Blockchain.
North America
Breast Imaging from A to Z: How to Read Like (Or Better Than!) the Experts
September 15-16, 2018 | New York City, NY, USA Website: http://advancedbreastimaging.com/september-2018-nyc Contact: [email protected]
The Breast Imaging from A to Z: How to Read Like (Or Better Than!) the Experts provides an integrated full discussion aimed at comprehending the basis and applications of breast imaging in five distinct sessions, using a case-based approach supported by evidence-based literature review. The five sessions will take the attendees through the histopathologic basis for breast disease with imaging correlates. They also explore the issues of medical legal accountability in interpretation and communication.
North America
2018 Health Data Policy and Strategy Orientation
September 26-27, 2018 | Washington D.C., USA Website: http://academyhealth.org/events/2018-09/2018-health-data-policy-and-strategy-orientation Contact: http://academyhealth.org/contact
The 2018 Health Data Policy and Strategy Orientation is designed to support professionals in emerging data-centric roles within the changing healthcare system. It provides an engaging forum to gain insights on the trends in federal policies and programs along with information and tips to help meet their organization’s information strategy needs. Health policy experts, government program leaders, data users, entrepreneurs who have deep knowledge in data use, and data experts from technology and health care applications fields will be featured in the presentations.
North America
BIO Investor Forum
October 17-18, 2018 | San Francisco, CA, USA Website: https://www.bio.org/events/bio-investor-forum Contact: [email protected]
The BIO Investor Forum is an international biotech investor conference focused on investment trends and opportunities in life sciences. It features plenary sessions, company presentations, workshops on the latest market and investment opportunities, BIO One-on-One Partnering™ meetings, and premier opportunity to network with industry executives and investors focused on life science.
North America
11th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation in Health
December 3-5, 2018 | Washington D.C., USA Website: http://academyhealth.org/events/2018-12/11th-annual-conference-science-dissemination-and-implementation-health Contact: http://academyhealth.org/contact
The Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation in Health (D&I) helps to optimize health and health care by bridging the gap between research, practice, and policy. The event is co-hosted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and AcademyHealth. The theme of this year’s event is scaling up effective health and healthcare by advancing the research agenda and necessary infrastructure. The conference will focus on strategies for scaling up effective interventions across communities, health systems, and efforts to build capacity for D&I science
Europe
17th European Congress of Internal Medicine
August 30-September 1, 2018 | Wiesbaden, Germany Website: https://ecim2018.eu Contact: [email protected]
The European Congress of Internal Medicine (ECIM) is an event where physicians, scientists and other experts in the field of Internal Medicine exchange the latest information on advances in science and clinical practice. ECIM is a platform for the interdisciplinary interaction of European internists, including those practicing related specialities, as well as for young internists to share their experiences and networking. .
Europe
30th European Congress of Pathology
September 8- 12, 2018 | Bilbao, Spain Website: https://www.esp-congress.org Contact: [email protected]
The theme for the ECP 2018, “Pathology: Path to Precision medicine” highlights pathology as the cornerstone of precision medicine and underlines the central role of the pathologist in the multidisciplinary teams that guide patient management in the 21st century. Pathologists collaborating with molecular biologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, and information technologists provide accurate diagnoses, prognostic and predictive information essential for treatment decisions tailored to the individual patient.
Europe
19th Meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology 2018
September 29- October 4, 2018 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom Website: http://www.eahp-sh2018.com Contact: [email protected] The 19th Meeting of the EAHP is an interdisciplinary program that includes an Educational Session, together with Bone Marrow and Lymphoma Symposia and Workshops, highlighting the latest scientific discoveries. Internationally renowned speakers will deliver Keynote and Topic Lectures, as well as the ever-popular ‘Meet the Professor’ sessions. An abstract submission and selection process gives delegates the opportunity to showcase their recent research as platform presentations or poster displays and discussion.
Europe
18th Annual Biotech in Europe Forum
October 4-5, 2018 | Basel, Switzerland Website: http://www.sachsforum.com/bef18-about.html Contact: [email protected] The 18th Annual Biotech in Europe Forum is the leading international stage for those interested in investing and partnering in the biotech and life science industry. This event will be covered by regular media partners and will feature twelve plenary panels/ workshops covering BD & Licensing in the main therapeutic areas. The Forum will provide a number of networking opportunities via our online One-2-One meeting system, which allows pre-book meetings with all the attendees with dedicated meeting facilities.
Europe
The International Congress on Precision Medicine Beyond Cancer (PMBC2018)
October 15–16, 2018 | München, United Kingdom Website: http://www.pmbc2018.com Contact: [email protected] PMBC2018 will showcase cutting-edge Precision Medicine companies from around the world while panels and keynote presentations aim to enable best informed decision making in strategy and policy design to implement Precision Medicine into every day healthcare. It aims to broaden the perspective to other non-communicable diseases and reduce the cost burden to society.
Europe
4th Annual Cell & Gene Therapy Congress 2018
October 25-26, 2018 | London, UK Website: https://www.oxfordglobal.co.uk/celltherapy-congress Contact:[email protected] As one of the Cell Series programs, the 4th Annual Cell & Gene Therapy Congress of 2018 is featured with 7th Cell Culture and Bioprocessing, 5th Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Biobanking Congresses. The congress will feature prominent biotech companies, and these companies will present case studies on commercialising CAR T Cell Therapy, successful cell and gene therapy development and effective technologies for bioprocessing and manufacturing.
Europe
BioFIT
December 4-5, 2018 | Lille, France Website: https://www.biofit-event.com Contact:[email protected] BioFIT is the place where academia-industry collaborations get started. BioFIT has become the meeting point in Europe for tech transfer and for sourcing early-stage innovations stemming from public research institutions, academic spin-offs, and emerging biotech companies. Together with big pharma, biotech and diagnostics companies, BioFIT operates as a platform to build partnerships for all public and private actors. Throughout the conference, attendees can participate in one-on-one meetings, roundtable discussions as well as networking opportunities.
Asia
CPhI Korea Conference
August 28-29, 2018 | Seoul, South Korea Website: https://www.cphi.com/korea/agenda/conference Contact: https://www.cphi.com/korea/about/event-contact CPhI Korea is a leading learning platform for trends and issues confronting the pharmaceutical industry in Korea, and provides a dynamic meeting place for a wide range of industry suppliers to engage with purchasers and decision makers from the pharmaceutical industry in Korea and the surrounding region. The conference gives a realistic assessment of the industry challenges and strategies for dealing with them. It also offers high-level sessions featuring opinion leaders from government and academia.
Asia
17th Biennial Meeting of the International Gynecologic Cancer Society
September 14-16, 2018 | Kyoto, Japan Website: https://igcs2018.com Contact: [email protected] The 17th Biennial Meeting of the International Gynecologic Cancer Society (IGCS 2018) is the event to discuss and debate the latest medical and scientific information, treatment, and care in the field of gynecologic oncology. IGCS 2018 is being held in collaboration with the Japanese Society of Gynecologic Oncology. This educational forum allows individuals to develop unique approaches to best care practices, and establish new professional contacts around the world.
Asia
Cell-Weizmann Institute of Science Symposium: Next Gen Immunology
February 11 – 14, 2018 l Rehovot, Israel Website: www.cell-symposia.com/next-gen-immunology-2018 Contact: [email protected]
The Cell-Weizmann Institute of Science Symposium: Next Gen Immunology brings together leading scientists who think about immunity in different contexts and have in common the perspective of an immune system that is an integral part of the metaorganism. The Cell Symposium aims to stimulate exciting discussions, to foster new interdisciplinary collaborations, and to promote cross-pollination of ideas that can help us to move on to the next generation of immunology research. | https://www.wamj.org/post/conference-alerts_issue17 |
Communication and collaboration are key to a successful rehabilitation plan. It is also imperative to minimize health care costs, duplicated efforts and testing, and maximize efficiencies in the health care system.
Collaboration in health care is defined as working together to improve patient outcomes . There are two facets of collaboration: collaboration between the clinicians; and collaboration with the patient and families/stakeholders. Both are equally important and serve to better the patient’s health outcome.
Communication & collaboration with patients & families
Communication styles develop based on various factors, including culture; ethnicity; and socioeconomic background. However, survivors of brain injury are faced with additional barriers Most individuals with brain injury face challenges with “language functioning, cognition and executive skills” which effect their ability to communicate their needs and goals .
Collaboration involves health care providers working with the individuals closest to the patient, such as their caregivers, families and friends to provide them with strategies for effective communication. The communication is bilateral, as these individuals can provide the health care team with valuable information about the patient. “The partnership between providers, patients and their families in shared decision making, coordination, and cooperation has been defined as interprofessional collaborative practice” . Collectively, this partnership will drive the rehabilitation process and promote more efficient and patient centered goals.
Collaborative communication emphasizes strategies of “positive” and “rewarding” communication skills . It promotes an atmosphere of respectfulness and transparency while allowing each team member to feel valued.
There are many ways collaboration with the patient and their respective family members/stakeholders. This can be accomplished through team meetings scheduled to include the patient, family, stakeholders, as well as ongoing therapeutic representatives. It can also be accomplished through group emails or online virtual meetings.
Patients and their families should be made to feel comfortable enough to ask questions and discuss alternative treatments without judgement. It is a team effort, and “team diversity should be viewed as a strength; it can bring about different viewpoints, facilitate innovation and problem solving and have the potential to result in amazing outcomes” .
Mitchell at all, from the The Institute of Medicine, in their discussion paper Core Principles & Values of Effective Team-Based Health Care outlined what they found, through research, to be the Principles of Team-Based Health Care. They are as follows:
- Shared goals: The team – including the patient and, where appropriate, family members or other support person – works to establish shared goals that reflect patient and family priorities, and can be clearly articulated, understood, and supported by all team members.
- Clear roles: There are clear expectations for each team member’s functions, responsibilities, and accountabilities, which optimize the team’s efficiency and often make it possible for the team to take advantage of division of labor, thereby accomplishing more than the sum of its parts.
- Mutual trust: Team members earn each others’ trust, creating strong norms of reciprocity and greater opportunities for shared achievement.
- Effective communication: The team prioritizes and continuously refines its communication skills. It has consistent channels for candid and complete communication, which are accessed and used by all team members across all settings.
- Measurable processes and outcomes: The team agrees on and implements reliable and timely feedback on successes and failures in both the functioning of the team and achievement of the team’s goals. These are used to track and improve performance immediately and over time.
Interdisciplinary collaboration
It is beneficial for an individual to be “treated as a whole patient rather than just chief complaints,” . This statement is especially true when dealing with individuals with multiple comorbidities, such as in brain injury. Interdisciplinary collaboration occurs between health care providers and the interdisciplinary team has a “common goal of optimizing patient care” .
Through various studies, The Government of Canada has identified several factors as important in collaboration. These include :
- Co-location and amount of time spent at a site;
- Understanding of roles and responsibilities;
- Trust and respect of each professional;
- Ability to share patients/clients;
- Sharing information about structures and procedures;
- Regular face-to-face contact;
- Joint work on local projects or specific topics; and
- Support from senior management
The incorporation of various communication tools for collaboration is determined by the organization and/or the health authority. Interdisciplinary collaboration requires each participant to understand their role and responsibilities in way of communicating and attaining the patient’s goals.
Unfortunately, we are still faced with numerous challenges in working collaboratively in the health care system. Staff shortages and an increasing number of health care disciplines may contribute to more fragmented health care plans . This therefore emphasizes the need for an increase in collaboration and collaborative tools and systems to be put in place.
Interprofessional and interdisciplinary collaboration are important elements for “Improved healthcare outcomes, […] the transfer of knowledge, sharing of information and enhanced decision making” . It has been acknowledged that through this collaboration, the patient and their families will have better knowledge and communication which increases engagement and positive health outcomes. This collaboration is known for its “reduced length of hospital stays, improved compliance with standards of drug prescription, improved symptom and psychosocial management” . Many organizations have embraced interdisciplinary collaboration for the patient’s best outcome. “It must be the duty of health care professionals, physicians, nurses, pharmacists, social workers and researchers to collaborate in order to reduce the health disparities and better the overall health among people” in our communities . | https://braininjurycanada.ca/en/professionals/education-skills-training/collaboration-communication/ |
The progressive and highly variable course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can present patients and their families with various challenges at different points of the disease. Structured communication between the healthcare professional and the patient is vital to ensure the best possible support and treatment for the patient. While research in this area has been limited, an increasing number of studies are emerging that support the role of communication in patients with debilitating and fatal lung diseases.
Communication models used in other conditions that share many challenges with IPF, such as cancer, provide important insights for developing specifically designed patient support and communications models in IPF. Three communication models will be described: 1) the patient-centred care model (for oncology); 2) the three pillars of care model (for IPF); and 3) the Brompton model of care (for interstitial lung disease). Themes common to all three models include comprehensive patient education, encouraged patient participation and an accessible healthcare system, all supported by a collaborative provider–patient relationship. The development of effective communication skills is an on-going process and it is recommended to examine communication models used in other chronic diseases.
Introduction
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease of unknown cause in which fibrotic transformation of the lung parenchyma leads to a progressive decline in lung function [1, 2]. IPF has an extremely poor prognosis with a median survival ranging from 2.5 years to 3.5 years .
The relentless and often unpredictable course of IPF can present patients and their families with various challenges, which often lead to major uncertainty and fear. Studies investigating the psychological impact of living with chronic lung diseases suggest that the coping of patients with respiratory disease may, in some cases, be worse than patients with cancer .
Effective communication between patients and caregivers is a key component in patient care but it is not always carried out satisfactorily; several patient surveys have indicated patients would prefer better communication with their doctors [5, 6]. Structured communication between the healthcare professional and the patient is important in identifying the patients’ experience/perception of their disease and in enhancing the patients’ adherence to treatment, mental health and satisfaction [5–11].
Patients recently diagnosed with IPF face a range of problems, which require adequate management from the interstitial lung disease (ILD) team. Problems can be classified into several types: symptom related, treatment decisions and general information/education [12, 13]. Unfortunately, current literature covering these problems is extremely sparse.
Recently, there has been more interest in evaluating the quality of life of patients with chronic lung diseases. A recent meta-analysis of 34 papers and 3635 patients evaluated the evidence for the use of interventions in improving symptoms and quality of life in patients with fibrotic lung disease . In this meta-analysis, six studies examined the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in 194 patients with ILD. Two of the studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), while four were quasi-experimental open-label studies (two of which had controls). An overall improvement of 27.4 m was recorded in the 6-min walking distance test for patients who received pulmonary rehabilitation. The two RCTs also found an improvement in quality of life as evaluated by the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores. The improvement in the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score was significant (p=0.05) [14–16].
Another important element in supporting patients and an extensive and powerful tool in improving quality of life is communication. Communicating effectively is a learnt skill , and it is helpful to look at models of communication that have been successfully used in other diseases with similar courses and clinical outcomes to IPF. Certain cancers, such as lung cancer, share many parallels with IPF [17, 18] and patients face many similar challenges including poor prognoses, invasive tests and unpredictable disease courses. Both conditions require the management of patient expectations regarding treatment, emphasising delay of disease progression rather than cure. As such, a patient-centred care model that is used in oncology may have aspects which are useful in IPF .
Effective communication is probably one of a number of key factors by which to enhance the interaction between health professionals and patients with IPF. In order to improve the often poor quality of life in patients with this relentless disease it is important that all of these aspects are recognised . Therefore, integrated models are required to facilitate the provision of best supportive care. The patient-centred care model is described below and, in addition, two other recently developed care models, the three pillars of care model for IPF patients and the Brompton model of care for respiratory patients, will be discussed.
Problems faced by IPF patients during the course of their disease
Effective communication with IPF patients can be greatly improved when the healthcare provider has a thorough understanding of the problems faced by patients during the course of their disease. One way of categorising these is symptom/quality-of-life based, problems arising from the diagnostic process or those related to treatment. It should be noted that some problems may be more subtle than others. For example, one symptom/quality-of-life-based problem that many patients face is the requirement for supplemental oxygen. As might be expected, this perceived loss of independence provides logistical challenges in terms of planning excursions from home but, perhaps less obviously, the patient may also suffer psychologically as their disease becomes more visible . The loss of independence may also impact on the patients’ relationships as they may perceive themselves to be a burden to their family and society. There may also be financial implications if the patient is no longer able to work [12, 13, 22].
A major challenge faced by patients at the diagnostic stage is to balance the initial relief that they “do not have cancer” with the latter realisation that the prognosis is, in fact, not significantly different. In addition, the complexity of diagnosis is likely to place additional stress on the patient. A possible cause of additional stress is that 40% of patients have consulted three, or more, physicians and may have received conflicting information at various stages. An overwhelming lack of psychological support is reported by patients as they struggle to come to terms with their diagnosis and comprehend the disease process . The rapidly progressive nature of IPF may sometimes present the patient with an additional challenging decision: whether or not to opt for lung transplantation [24, 25]. Such a situation may lead to a considerable increase in anxiety. Another problem encountered by IPF patients at the treatment stage is the apparent lack of educational resources. In a recent survey of 1448 IPF patients, respondents reported a clear lack of information and resources on pulmonary fibrosis at the time of diagnosis. Information regarding treatment options, the role of supplemental oxygen, pulmonary rehabilitation and transplantation was also limited [12, 13].
Communication in oncology
Patient-centred care model
The US National Cancer Institute (Bethesda, MD, USA) recently released a document outlining the patient care model, which focuses on patient-centred communication in cancer care . The model is based on several core principles: 1) the patients’ disease perspective; 2) encouragement of patients to participate in their care; 3) the creation of an optimal patient–doctor relationship; and 4) an accessible healthcare system (fig. 1). Ultimately, a strong therapeutic alliance is expected to help the physician make the best decisions on behalf of the patient and thus lead to a number of superior health outcomes. Outcomes that may be improved include the patient’s management of uncertainty, their overall emotional response and information exchange between the physician and the patient (fig. 2). The patient-centred care model stresses that communication is a learnt skill and specifies various areas clinicians can focus on to help build a strong patient–doctor relationship. The use of both verbal and nonverbal behaviour by the clinician is essential in gaining the trust and confidence of the patient (table 1). There are also communication cues that may be displayed by the patient which may indicate that the patient is satisfied with the patient–doctor relationship (table 2). Guidance from the National Cancer Institute also adds that effective communication is not only reliant on the clinicians’ and patients’ verbal and nonverbal skills, but also on their abilities to adapt their behaviour and perspectives during the changing course of the disease.
The three pillars of care model
The three pillars of care model seeks to comprehensively identify and address the broad range of challenges faced by an IPF patient throughout the course of their disease . The model defines the three pillars to be addressed as: 1) disease-centred management; 2) symptom-centred management; and 3) education and self-management. Effective implementation of all three pillars is underpinned by a collaborative provider–patient partnership, which fosters the active participation of the patient in the management of their disease. The education and self-management pillar is essential in providing the patient with the knowledge required to fully participate in the decision making and management of their disease. This pillar, in particular, bolsters the provider–patient partnership as communication between both parties helps the patient to gain perspective on their disease and thereby set realistic goals, make appropriate decisions, stay in control of their care and prepare for the future. It is recommended that patient education be started immediately upon diagnosis and that the information is tailored according to the needs of the patient. Topics that should be covered include disease pathology, course and prognosis. Disease-centred management comprises pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, whereas symptom-centred management focusses on dyspnoea, cough, deconditioning and anxiety. The patient should be informed in a timely manner about the possible treatment options for the disease.
Advanced care planning involves setting treatment goals that are consistent with the patients’ values and preferences. Advanced care planning is an integral part of the education and self-management pillar due to the progressive nature of IPF. End-of-life care planning in IPF should occur at a non-critical time (when death is not impending) and should take into account the patient’s views and wishes as much as possible.
The three pillars of care model acknowledges that the nature of the problems presented to an IPF patient is likely to change with time. For example, in the early stage of IPF, a disease-centred approach whereby the patient and physician consider decisions on IPF treatments is likely to be relevant, while later in the course of the disease decision making it is likely to be more focused on palliative therapies. It is crucial during this process that both approaches are initiated together at the time of diagnosis. Patient education should attempt to cover all aspects of this spectrum. To reflect the dynamic nature of problems, the model proposes that active discussion of goals should occur at regular intervals to continually allow for reassessment of the patients’ needs and treatment goals during the disease course.
Brompton model of care
Patient satisfaction with medical care and disease education is reported to be higher in patients who receive care at a recognised centre of excellence . NHS England’s service specification acknowledges the importance of multidisciplinary team (MDT) input to assign the correct diagnoses and initiate the most appropriate therapy for patients with ILD . In the 1960s, the Royal Brompton Hospital (London, UK) was ahead of its time, bringing together clinical- and laboratory-based researchers to work together as teams. Integrated thinking enabled the set-up of a joint management clinic with the Royal Marsden Hospital (London, UK) for patients with lung cancer. Margaret Turner-Warwick, the first full-time female chest physician for adults at the Royal Brompton Hospital, was committed to collaborative working and adapted the Brompton–Marsden model of care that underpins the model used today in the interstitial lung disease unit at the Royal Brompton Hospital . Embedded in this is a holistic approach enabling individualised management of the patient.
There were approximately 550 referrals to the interstitial lung disease unit in 2011 increasing to 590 cases in 2012 (fig. 3). The Brompton model of care provides diagnostic work-up and multidisciplinary treatment of chronic respiratory diseases within a single tertiary-care centre. This unified provision of services accelerates the diagnostic process and delivers a timely, accurate diagnosis to the patient thereby reducing anxiety.
Patients are seen within 6 weeks of referral and, in cases where probable, possible or definite IPF is suspected, patients are admitted to the ward for 48–72 h for a comprehensive diagnostic work-up. This relieves the burden of multiple journeys for these patients whose independence may be compromised by symptoms such as breathlessness and chronic fatigue.
Following this diagnostic work-up patients and their relatives are invited to attend a ward round discussion with members of the interdisciplinary team. As the model aims to provide all care services for the patient at one centre, the interdisciplinary team is comprehensive and includes healthcare professionals who are not routinely involved in the care of IPF patients in many clinics. Palliative care specialists, dieticians, rheumatologists and clinical nurse specialists contribute to these meetings. Input from a psychologist is available on a case-by-case basis. Where diagnostic uncertainty exists, additional comprehensive discussion takes place with core members of the MDT (fig. 4). The integration of members of the interdisciplinary team into the formal MDT meetings is under review as is the inclusion of a patient advisor.
Patients are encouraged to participate in research. “ILD patient participation and involvement” forums are held periodically in our Education Unit within the clinical research facility at the Royal Brompton Hospital, and the clinical nurse specialist has recently set up a monthly ILD support group. Attending patients can listen to speakers who discuss topics relevant to ILD research and treatment. Patients report that an awareness of research assists in the decision making processes of their care.
Attendance at the interstitial lung disease unit is likely to be reassuring for the patient and their families. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores collected in a cohort of 150 IPF patients at the Royal Brompton Hospital over 12 months found anxiety scores were reduced in this time period. However, depression scores were increased, independently of disease severity .
The Brompton model of care offers patients access to highly trained professionals who understand their disease and its process. Patients receive individualised care and information according to the stage of disease progression. The importance of good access to a knowledgeable healthcare professional is valued by the patients and their families and may account for the observed reduction in patient anxiety scores. Some members of staff offer unrestricted access to additional support via email.
Conclusion
The unpredictable and frequently rapidly progressive nature of IPF means that patients and their families are often faced with a number of challenges at different points of the disease course. Therefore, efficient communication between the healthcare professional and the patient is of paramount importance in helping the patient and their family cope and feel supported in the disease process.
Communication in such situations involves specific skills that can be learnt and should be tailored to the individuals’ needs. There is recent evidence to suggest that interventions such as starting up support groups may have a positive impact on the outcomes in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
There may be shared lessons from communication models used in other diseases similar to IPF, which may help improve communication and patient outcomes in IPF. Themes common to the three models of care studied in this paper (the patient-centred care model, the three pillars of care model and the Brompton model of care) include strong patient education, encouraged patient participation and an accessible healthcare team, underpinned by a strong provider–patient relationship. Ward rounds offering the patient individualised support and annual research and treatment forums (as in the Brompton model of care) are initiatives for simultaneous patient participation and patient education. The “accessible, well organised and responsive healthcare system” described in the patient-centred oncology model is exemplified by the Brompton model of care (fig. 4), which provides a rapid and complete diagnostic work-up under one roof, a structured ward round and a comprehensive MDT, some of whom are accessible 24 h a day.
The treatment strategy for IPF has changed over time from treatments directed towards the disease to palliative therapy. Advanced care planning should occur early in the disease process in order to best comply with the patients’ values and wishes. Regular meetings between the healthcare professional and the patient throughout the disease course help both parties react to the changing nature of problems and further strengthens the provider–patient relationship.
A patient-centred communication approach ultimately aims to make the patient feel as comfortable and listened to as possible so they can best express their wishes and feel confident to participate in the decision-making process. The advantages and disadvantages of integrating the patient into the MDT team is currently under consideration for the Brompton care model. The learning and practice of communication skills is an on-going process. In future, it may be helpful to look at communication models used in other chronic diseases.
Acknowledgments
This article is based on the proceedings of the 2013 Advancing IPF Research (AIR) meeting (Nice, France), which was sponsored by InterMune International AG (Muttenz, Switzerland). Medical writing support was provided by Michael Smith (IntraMed International, Milan, Italy), which was funded by InterMune International AG.
Footnotes
Support Statement: W.A. Wuyts is a Senior Clinical Investigator of the Research Foundation – Flanders (1.8.325.12N).
Provenance: Publication of this peer-reviewed article was sponsored by InterMune International AG, Muttenz, Switzerland (article sponsor, European Respiratory Review issue 132).
Conflict of interest: Disclosures can be found alongside the online version of this article at err.ersjournals.com
- Received February 28, 2014.
- Accepted March 11, 2014.
- ©ERS 2014
ERR articles are open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0. | https://err.ersjournals.com/content/23/132/231 |
HIMAA offers a range of career-enhancing opportunities by providing forums for health information professionals to discuss and solve challenges facing the industry. The main types of HIMAA groups include:
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- October 12, 2011
Albertus Magnus Society for the Intersection of Religion and ScienceRead more
Siena Center, Dominican University River Forest, Illinois Albertus Magnus, patron saint of scientists, is a thirteenth century Dominican famed for scientific discovery and a theology reflective of the emerging science of the day. Initial membership of this society comprises a diversity of faculty and area professionals in disciplines of applied sciences, political theory, Islamic epistemology, theology, natural science, sociology, physics,
- October 12, 2011
Baltimore Society for Science/Religion UnderstandingRead more
Physics Department, Loyola College Maryland Baltimore, Maryland The mission of this society is to foster exploration of the relationships between science and religion in the academic and local community. Currently comprised of faculty and students from institutions of higher learning in the Baltimore area representing a variety of religious beliefs and disciplines including: chemistry, philosophy, theology, biology, physics, astronomy, pastoral
- October 12, 2011
Wesleyan University Colloquium for the Study of Science and ReligionRead more
Wesleyan University Middletown, Connecticut The Colloquium brings together a multidisciplinary group of members including university faculty, staff, and administrators from disciplines in the arts and humanities, social and natural sciences, and the office of the chaplains. Members actively seek to incorporate interested non-academic professionals from the surrounding community to join deliberations. This society seeks to inform and educate members and
- October 12, 2011
Science and Faith ProgramRead more
Chesterton House Ithaca, New York In partnership with other local science-faith organizations in the vicinity of Cornell University, this group aims to mentor students pursuing careers in science through active inquiry in integrating faith and academic investigation. A reading group for students and local clergy meets bi-weekly for discussion centering on areas of interest. Regular visits from Cornell scientists to
- October 12, 2011
Working Group on Religion, Ethics and NatureRead more
Ohio Northern University Ada, Ohio The principle objective of the Working Group is sponsorship of on-campus and local forums encouraging dialogue and interaction around the world’s diverse religious traditions, ethical theories, and the sciences. In particular, they are concerned with the ways that these interactions relate to the natural environment. The group hopes to encourage interdisciplinary conversation and collaboration between
- October 12, 2011
The Purdue Faith Communities’ Society for Science and Religion DialogueRead more
St. Thomas Aquinas Center and the Aquinas Educational Foundation Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana The intent behind this society is to create an ongoing dialogue among six groups with six distinct community-driven themes, growing to fifteen groups with fifteen themes, bringing together a cross-section of Purdue professors, students, clergy, and local laity. Dedicated to substantive exploration of subjects at the
- October 12, 2011
The Stetson Center for Science, Nature, and the SacredRead more
Department of Religious Studies, Stetson University Deland, Florida The core group of this Center consists of university faculty, students, and staff along with interested persons in Volusia County, Florida. The group is affiliated with the Stetson University Values Council, the central administrative means by which university values are embodied. The society sponsors nine monthly events that give balanced attention to
- October 12, 2011
Oklahoma Society for Science and FaithRead more
Southern Nazarene University Bethany, Oklahoma The Oklahoma Society for Science and Faith explores the relationship between religious belief and scientific theories of cosmology and evolution. The goal of the society is to seek rational integration and coherence between what some consider incompatible ideas and to seek avenues that assist those within the Christian tradition to develop a consistent and sustainable
- October 12, 2011
The Commons ProjectRead more
Office of Spiritual Life, DePauw University Greencastle, Indiana This initiative developed as an outgrowth of a faculty/staff book study group with membership including scientists, theologians, and informed laypersons. The project boasts open membership inviting faculty, staff, students, local public school teachers and professionals, and members of the local community. Project members engage in study, discussion, scholarly research, lectures, and colloquia.
- October 12, 2011
Cabrini College Initiative for Religion and ScienceRead more
Cabrini College Radnor, Pennsylvania Regular local dialogues throughout the academic year invite the participation of faculty, administrators, staff, students, individuals from area institutions, and other members of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Consortium for Higher Education (an eight-member group of area Catholic private colleges that works collaboratively on projects). The society seeks to expand membership through a combination of small group book
- October 12, 2011
Shenandoah Anabaptist Science Society (SASS)Read more
Eastern Mennonite University Harrisonburg, Virginia The focus of this society is to create an open and exploratory space for dialogue between scholars, practitioners, and students on subjects such as artificial intelligence, bioethics, nanotechnology, human consciousness, spirit and body, and origins. Composed of individuals, academic departments, and transdisciplinary organizations of the university, the society identifies and discusses issues at the intersection
- October 12, 2011
FOREST (Florida Organization on Religion, Environmental Science and Technology)Read more
University of Florida, Religion Department Gainesville, Florida FOREST is an organization of interdisciplinary scholars in religion, botany, ecology, history of science, ecological anthropology, ethics, and political science, doctoral students in the Religion and Nature program, secondary school educators, and community members devoted to facilitating research, debate, and the dissemination of diverse perspectives at the intersection of religion, science, technology, and
- October 12, 2011
Rhodes-Memphis Colloquium on Religion and ScienceRead more
Rhodes College, Department of Religious Studies Memphis, Tennessee The Colloquium brings together academics in science and religion, professional pastoral and medical practitioners, and laypersons with an interest in the science and religion dialogue. Six formal meetings per year are supplemented by six additional meetings of a Student Colloquium, for which there is advisory assistance and facilitation support from the faculty. The
- October 12, 2011
Terra Nova CommunityRead more
Elon University Elon, North Carolina Including faculty from philosophy, English, political science, religious studies, physics, biology, and engineering, this group actively engages in issues of sustainable design and environmental remediation. Engaging leaders in science-oriented businesses, public agencies, community and citizens organizations, local members of Native American tribes, local clergy, and the general public in outreach, this Society is bringing together
- October 12, 2011
Montana Symposium on Religion and ScienceRead more
University of Great Falls Great Falls, Montana The Montana Symposium is the successor organization to an informal group consisting of faculty and staff who meet to discuss issues of science and faith in integrated learning communities on the campus. Membership consists of representatives of both hard- and soft-sciences and the humanities, including theology, religion, biology, English, psychology, natural science, philosophy,
- October 12, 2011
Psychiatry and Spirituality ForumRead more
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of California Irvine Dana Point, California The Psychiatry and Spirituality Forum promotes scholarly and educational initiatives exploring the connection between patients’ mental health and religious, spiritual, philosophical, and moral convictions. Forum members include attending physicians, resident physicians, medical students, scholars and practitioners from related disciplines. Participants share the belief that modern psychiatry has
- October 12, 2011
The Science and Religion Colloquium at CarthageRead more
Carthage College Kenosha, Wisconsin This society brings together a consortium of faith communities and academic institutions in southeastern Wisconsin that are committed to providing a source for educational information and a forum for civil discourse on some of the most critical issues facing society today. The core planning/steering committee is composed of scholars in sciences and the humanities, along with
- October 12, 2011
Bay Area Science and Spirit DialoguesRead more
Science and Spiritual Transformation Working Group Institute for Noetic Sciences Petaluma, California The purpose of this society is to develop a new working group of IONS researchers, extended faculty, and collaborators at affiliated academic and religious institutions. The Bay Area Science and Spirit Dialogues focus on creating a forum for thoughtful, dynamic dialogue and ongoing collaboration between scientists, religious teachers, | https://metanexus.net/network/page/3/ |
Now that Christmas and New Year are behind us we can look forward to picking up...
Support is vital for all volunteers and can be offered in a variety of forms. The following list gives some methods for consideration. Choose those that are most appropriate to the roles your volunteers will be undertaking.
This is where new volunteers have an opportunity to ask questions and find out the where, what, who, why, how and when of the group or organisation. You may want to involve other people at this stage, as it is a good time to introduce other volunteers, staff and members of the Management Committee
New volunteers can be paired with those more experienced. Volunteers with additional support needs, such as a learning disability, could receive ongoing support from being paired with someone from within the organisation or through an external volunteering support scheme, where this exists.
Regular meetings for volunteers to talk and discuss the project, what they are doing and ideas for development. Members of the group can offer one another support and reassurance, as well as develop friendships and a group identity.
Regular opportunities for chats and get-togethers, between volunteers and volunteers/staff, at meetings, socials or in the office.
Regular contact time for volunteers with a paid worker/member of the management team, to discuss how things are going, deal with difficult situations or off-load.
Regular one to one or group sessions, following a structured process with a paid worker/member of management team. An opportunity for both parties to discuss progress, contribute ideas and plan work
Consider any opportunities to get together as opportunities for support - Annual General Meetings, social events, meetings with link groups or organisations, professionals, staff, training events and celebration events. | http://vol-centre.org.uk/diffrent+forms+of+support |
The Coalition of Pre-Health Students (CPHS) is a student-run organization at the University of Pittsburgh with the goal of uniting the Pre-Heath community at Pitt. To achieve this goal, we serve as a collective voice to further the combined aspirations efforts and objectives of all Pre-Heath organizations.
We want to ensure that the pre-heath student voice is heard, and we actively work to better the pre-health community through guest lectures from healthcare professionals, monthly newsletters with pre-heath opportunities, student forums to receive feedback on the needs the pre-health community, and our annual Pre-Health Summit.
The Pitt Pre-Health Summit is an inter-professional and multi-university conference for all pre-health students. The purpose of this event is to bring speakers and students from various backgrounds, universities, and perspectives together to discuss issues impacting the overall healthcare system of our country, and learn useful skills to aid these students on their path to becoming the next generation of healthcare providers. The conference will consist of keynote addresses, breakout sessions, and a professional fair, and will encompass the topic of diversity as it relates to the healthcare field.
The 2018 Pre-Health Summit will feature Dr. Martin A. Makary, MD as the keynote speaker. Dr. Makary’s expertise in surgical oncology and experience as a professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins will provide beneficial insight to all attendees. In addition, the Summit will feature 13 breakout sessions, all of which are dedicated to increasing student’s knowledge and in health care.
Breakout sessions will include presentations from the University of Pittsburgh’s School of Medicine on patient care, the American Medical Student Association on medical ethics, and the Pitt Student EMS with a first aid and bleed control simulation. Graduate school representatives will be in attendance to network with students and provide invaluable information on successful completion of graduate studies. The interdisciplinary nature of the event and the evolution of the medical field yields an opportunity to involve the humanities, information and computer sciences, business, engineering, and more.
With the help of our donors, we can start a culture of teamwork and interdisciplinary thought at the undergraduate level through the Pre-Health Summit.
With the large amounts of Pre-Health Students at the University of Pittsburgh, we are expecting to double the number of student attendees from the 2017 inaugural Summit. However, we can only do this with your help!
We are expecting over 400 attendees at the 2018 Summit, and our budget must account for this steep rise in attendance. Your donation will assist in providing food for Summit attendees, along with Summit material for students, such as shirts and information pamphlets. This is instrumental in orchestrating a successful and informative conference for students. By donating to the Pre-Health Summit, you are not only assisting the Coalition of Pre-Health Students, but you are supporting all Pitt Pre-Health Students in their future healthcare endeavors.
In order for the Summit to take place, we are still in need of $3,000. With that being said, the success of this large conference lies in the people that support us. With your help, we can start a culture of teamwork and interdisciplinary thought at the undergraduate level at the Pre-Health Summit.
Thank you for your support and dedication to the University of Pittsburgh’s Pre-Health community!
Freshman are new on campus, but are full of zeal to learn and contribute to campus. Contributions start small, but they add up.
Sophomores aren’t new to the city anymore, and have fresh new ideas about how to make the campus a better place to learn and grow.
Juniors are fulfilling their goals of making a difference in the community through leadership and commitment to campus organizations!
Seniors are almost on their way out, but have the urge to leave their mark on Pitt. They’re on a clock, and this pressure pushes them to be the best they can be for their last semesters in college.
Graduate School students are embarking on the next step of their journey, and this commitment takes a great deal of dedication and motivation. This drive pushes them to use the opportunities presented to them to better the community around them.
Professionals have finally made it! After working tirelessly through the years, they have the job they’ve dreamt of for so long. As they rejoice, they remember the people and institutions that helped them reach this goal and always keep a generous eye on the past. | https://engage.pitt.edu/project/9257 |
7 Steps to Get Your Credentialing Committee Up & Running
Perhaps you’re part of a team helping to start up a new health plan, or maybe you’re new to your role and wondering where to start with the task of setting up a Credentialing Committee. Either way, we’ve put together a foolproof guide to getting up and running with a Credentialing Committee. For more information on how CredSimple can make the process as easy as possible, please reach out and we’d be happy to set up a time to talk.
Step 1. Understand what a credentialing committee is and what it does.
As you know, credentialing is the process through which providers verify the qualifications of licensed healthcare professionals. This includes verifying their education, training, experience, and competency through Primary Source Verification. The final step, however, is to present that information to a Credentialing Committee for review.
A Credentialing Committee is made up of at least 5 clinicians who meet regularly to review providers in an organization’s network. The committee is charged with deciding the next course of action for medical professionals who have met, or failed to meet, a certain set of previously agreed upon qualifications, such as having a specific type of flag on their record.
If you’re wondering why this extra process is necessary, it’s simple: the Credentialing Committee is a critical step to ensuring compliance, and the ultimate gatekeeper of patient safety for your organization.
2. Decide the composition and structure of the Committee, as well as the cadence of meetings.
A Credentialing Committee is typically made up of no fewer than 5 clinicians, including one chairperson. Typically, Committees meet in person on a monthly basis, though virtual meetings are acceptable. If a Committee chooses to meet virtually for their regular meetings, it’s commonly accepted best practice to hold one in-person meeting each quarter. Committees should never “meet” via email.
You will want to ensure that the members are respected clinicians in their field, as clinical acumen is critical to making good credentialing decisions. Most importantly, it’s critical for members are willing and able to devote time to prepare for and participate in the regular meetings.
3. It’s finally time to draft your Committee members.
As we mentioned above, clinicians who join the Committee should be prominent and well-respected members of their field and practice. To find potential Committee members, you can look at:
- Practicing clinicians at prominent healthcare systems and practices
- Recommendations from peers in your own network, and the network of practitioners you’re familiar with
- Members of medical associations
You can reach out to these providers any way you see appropriate: via letter, email, phone, or even LinkedIn. Being a member of a Credentialing Committee is generally seen as a professional accomplishment, so you’ll be able to generate some excitement.
4. Interview your committee member candidates
You’ll want to make sure that each clinician is the right fit for your organization’s committee. Probe into their background – look not only for clinical expertise, but if they have knowledge of the credentialing process. While this isn’t necessary, it is highly valuable. You’ll also want to understand why they’d like to be on the Committee, what clinical knowledge they can contribute, and if they share your organization’s values.
5. Select your Chairperson.
Understanding the role of the Chairperson will help drive your selection process. The individual holding this title is responsible for ensuring meetings follow established policies and procedures, and that they are held in an efficient manner. Frequently, you are going to look for someone with strong leadership traits that simultaneously has a deep understanding of the policies and procedures associated with credentialing.
6. Hold your first meeting.
This first meeting will be a little bit different than the regular meetings. During this meeting, the Committee will review and approve the policies and procedures of your organization. They will also decide the cadence and format of future meetings.
As you review and approve the policies and procedures, it is key to do the same for the leveling or tiering criteria used to make determinations on each provider brought before the Committee. Determining how you’ll review practitioners is critical to ensuring your future committee meetings run efficiently, your organization remains compliant, and that determinations are derived by adhering to a well-defined policy.
7. You’re ready to begin your regular cadence of Committee meetings.
Schedule your meetings well enough in advance to ensure robust participation. Remember that video-conferencing is sufficient to conduct meetings, but email is not. If you choose to conduct these meetings in person, make sure you security and privacy measures are sufficient to protect confidentiality. During each meeting, members will review providers’ credentials and document reasoning behind all decisions made, as this is required by the NCQA.
To read more about how to prepare for and run a Committee meeting, check out this blog post, which includes a free template for recording meeting notes.
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Just like that, you have a full Credentialing Committee up and running!
CredSimple’s Committee services helps ensure your committee meetings are compliant and efficient. Using our tech-enabled solution, we Level/Tier providers, prepare files, and even facilitate meetings. We also provide assistance with the creation of policies and procedures for credentialing and the Credentialing Committee. Let us know if you’d like to learn more about how we can help make Committee as easy as possible. | https://www.credsimple.com/credentialing-how-tos/7-steps-to-get-your-credentialing-committee-up-running/ |
IT Innovation co-leading Data Health and Society in £25m BRC Award.
The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) has awarded the Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) £25 million over the next five years. As part of this highly impactful research, IT Innovation will work with collegaues from the ECS (School of Electronics and Computer Science) Digital Health and Biomedical Engineering Research Group to advance the safety and efficacy of data-driven algorithms and decision-making outputs to improve insights from healthcare data.
The NIHR BRC is an interdisciplinary partnership between the University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (UHSFT). The £25 million award builds on the work of the Southampton BRC, founded in 2008, and moves the research in a new direction of Data, Health and Society.
Led by Professor Dame Wendy Hall (ECS and Executive Director of the Web Science Institute) and Professor Anneke Lucassen (Clinical Genetics), and supported by Professor Age Chapman, Professor Michael Boniface and Professor Chris Kipps (NHS UHS), the Data, Health and Society vision is to move beyond data science, harnessing computer science, artificial intelligence and an exploration of societal implications, to create a trusted and trustworthy learning healthcare system.
Professor Boniface said
“Many medical discoveries now happen in socio-technical networks of people, data and connected health systems. Novel sensors are driving the digitisation of human health whilst advances in artificial intelligence have potential to improve all aspects of care. The BRC Data, Health and Society theme aims to discover new ways of studying complex data-driven health systems and to establish interdisciplinary teams working with patients and the public to tackle challenges of acute care, self-management of chronic disease and public health.”
Professor Chapman said
"I’m so proud to have been awarded this grant to further develop the research that I and Professor Michael Boniface have been conducting. The support from Professor Dame Wendy Hall and Professor Anneke Lucassen has been fundamental and I look forward to working with them further. Together, we are going to transform understanding of technology for health".
Professor Age Chapman and Professor Michael Boniface’s research have identified that progress in using technology for health requires iterative experimentation of the way citizens and professionals use data for decision-making and risk prediction in health and social care. They will test safety and efficacy of data-driven algorithms and decision-making outputs to enhance trustworthiness of our healthcare system and improve insights from healthcare data.
Other ECS members are involved in additional BRC Themes; Professor Hywel Morgan is embedded with the Microbiology, Immunology and Infection (MII) and Respiratory and Allergy Themes; Professor Neil White is working within the Perioperative and Critical Care Theme. | http://www.it-innovation.soton.ac.uk/spotlights/soton-brc |
CBBC’s Working Groups provide forums for our Members to share information and best practice, discuss challenges and opportunities, and contribute directly to the shaping of CBBC’s work. CBBC launched our first Working Groups in Beijing and Shanghai in 2020 focused on Government Affairs professionals with further groups planned.
Our Working Groups are open to all CBBC Members with preferential access to Premium and Corporate Members. The Working Groups meet on a regular basis with ad hoc meetings scheduled when necessary. Activities include regular meetings, Government engagements, themed workshops, trainings and interactions with other international and local trade organizations.
Get involved
Members looking to get involved in the working of the Government Affairs Working Groups going forward should contact Jeff Wang in Beijing and Weifeng Ma in Shanghai . The groups will meet on a bi-monthly basis or if there is a need, following a major policy announcement or development. | https://www.cbbc.org/membership/cbbc-membership/government-affairs-working-groups |
In this era of exponential change, innovation and speed are key to the success of your organization. Mastering innovation in the networked world is be about joining forces and collaboration to reach effective “networked innovation”. Finding the right partners and setting up the appropriate partnerships can be essential to achieve the best results whereby all partners win. But how do you do this, how do you make it work?
The book Win-Winnovation bundles the authors’ first-hand experience with innovative collaborations: which approaches are best suited to achieve win-win scenario’s. It gives an overview of different approaches and skills to establish successful partnerships for innovation.
Authors: Piet Verhoeve - Helga Deschrijver
Case Study: The PRoF Ecosystem (Harvard Business Review)
In 2014, the Patient Room of the Future (PRoF) was the largest European open innovation consortium in the healthcare sector. Established in 2009 by a group of manufacturers who were suppliers to the health care sector, PRoF brought more than 300 professionals from multiple disciplines and industries together to think about and contribute to the future of the health care industry. The consortium derived its power from a novel interdisciplinary approach, resulting in the successful completion of four projects. Yet its future presented many unanswered questions: How would PRoF continue to provide an innovative and dynamic environment for its members and stakeholders in the healthcare sector? How would PRoF's projects achieve large-scale adoption, and what resources were needed to do that? What was the next step in the consortium's development?
The case study brings insights and approaches for building ecosystems
Authors: Wim Vanhaverbeke - Piet Verhoeve
The case study brings insights and approaches for building ecosystems
Authors: Wim Vanhaverbeke - Piet Verhoeve
Managing Open Innovation in SMEs
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The concept of open innovation (OI) has become a very popular topic during the last decade, with an increasing number of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) embracing OI practices to gain competitive advantage. With the majority of publications focusing on large firms, open innovation in SMEs has received scant attention from both scholars and practitioners. This book seeks to correct this imbalance by providing an in-depth study for both business managers and graduate-level students. Using rich, in-depth case studies from successful companies, it examines different approaches to managing OI in order to develop practical guidelines for implementation. It also highlights important differences between OI strategies in SMEs and large companies. Its findings will be of use to those studying or working in innovation management, open innovation, small business management and entrepreneurship. | https://www.prof-projects.com/publications.html |
Like many states in the Western part of the United States, Oregon spans a vast expanse of land—98,000 square miles to be exact. The terrain is replete with mountains, forests, and rivers—presenting a logistical challenge for professionals in the clinical engineering field who seek networking, educational, and career-related opportunities. But in the 1970s and 1980s, a group of biomedical engineers began laying the groundwork for what would become the Oregon Biomedical Association (OBA).
Laying the Groundwork
During those early years, two organizations operated simultaneously: the Northwest Association of Biomedical Technology (NAB), which focused on professionals in the Portland-metro area, and the Cascade Biomedical Association (CBA), which catered to a larger geographic area that encompassed rural cities and towns.
But by the late ’80s, the NAB saw numbers lag, with many of its members choosing to attend CBA meetings instead. And as membership in the CBA swelled, leaders decided to change the name. Finally, the Oregon Biomedical Association was born.
During the last three decades, the OBA has continued to flourish, growing in numbers; holding meetings, events, and fairs; and continuously striving to offer new programs to all biomedical professionals across the state. The OBA also founded an educational advocacy committee to expand its current scope of work and aims to establish a network of healthcare technology managers to discuss current challenges in the field.
Stories of Success
In March 2015, Meet Patel, a clinical engineer at the Portland-based Oregon Health and Science University, wanted to become more involved with the OBA. Having just taken the CBET certification exam, he believed he could contribute to the association—and the biomedical community, in general—by offering to teach a nine-week prep course for the test. Suffice it to say that it became a hit.
One student noted that the course “…helped to develop a pattern of BMET thinking relevant to the job and indispensable to taking the test.” Others have called the course “…a valuable opportunity to learn critical studying techniques and information pertaining to the CBET exam.”
Patel has benefited from teaching the course, as well. “The CBET class has also been a great learning experience for me,” he says. “In-depth technical understanding of my working students has improved my problem-solving and managerial skills,” he says. As a clinical engineer, he says such insight is priceless.
Event Highlights
Meeting together regularly is something OBA leaders value highly—with the association’s annual conference ranking as a major highlight. Most recently, the OBA held its annual conference in December 2016—and it was one for the books, according to OBA Secretary Michael O’Brien, CBET. He says that the OBA conference and expo—which was free of charge to attendees—served as an opportunity to bring together healthcare technology management professionals for two days of education, networking, and exposure to vendors.
What’s more, O’Brien says, the two-day format allowed local hospitals to send staff members more easily. Both days of the event also featured a large vendor expo, as well as a happy hour for socializing.
“We try to focus our efforts on providing a learning experience. That makes it more attractive for managers to allow technicians to attend,” O’Brien says. “It is also great to meet some of the manufacturer representatives that we have only spoken with on the phone.” He says taking time at the expo to discuss problems and solutions with vendors is especially valuable..
Further, events, such as this conference, provide a learning experience for industry veterans, as well as for those who are about to enter the field. O’Brien reveals that OBA officials invite local Portland Community College (PCC) students to attend and volunteer at the event. “[It’s] great for us to get to know some of the students and for them to meet people who are working in their chosen field,” O’Brien notes.
“We continuously reach out to our PCC students and encourage them to get involved with the OBA so that they can make new contacts and learn more fully about the field of healthcare technology management,” he adds. “The students also enjoy an opportunity to meet potential employers or future colleagues in a relaxed setting.”
O’Brien points out that the chance to network with colleagues is an essential element not only of the OBA conference—but of all association meetings. “It is so valuable to be able to discuss problems and solutions with each other, since we have so much in common,” he says.
“Whether we work in a hospital setting, as a third-party service technician, or as a field-service engineer, we all can learn from one another,” says O’Brien. He reveals that the OBA has seen a surge in interest from third-party service engineers in recent years—which he calls a boon to operations.
Delivering Top-Notch Education
The OBA’s December conference featured three education tracks for the seminars, with some sessions geared toward technicians and others toward managers. And it wasn’t only members of the clinical engineering field that lent their professional expertise.
An anesthesiologist, for instance, presented a session titled “A Breath of Compressed Air-Mechanical Ventilation for the Biotechnologist” and a dermatologist provided professional insight in a session titled “Lasers in Dermatology.” According to O’Brien, “The clinical perspective presented was refreshing and illuminating for the technician because it offered a different point of view from our normal service perspective.”
Furthermore, two OBA members—imaging technicians Jimmy Orta and Tiffany Revels—shared their knowledge in a session concerning clinical technology in imaging. “The focus for this presentation was to describe how life is different between imaging and instrumentation technicians, how to move into that field, and what a day in the life is like,” O’Brien reveals.
OBA member Peter McNamara’s “3-D Printing in Biomed” session was also popular with attendees, educating them on when, where, and how to use this technology. After all, advances in printing techniques are sweeping the industry, but knowledge of the industry is still in its infancy.
Other conference sessions included cost-saving measures, National Fire Protection Association 99 updates, and discussions about electrical safety in the OR. An AAMI representative presented one of the sessions—something O’Brien says OBA officials were very happy about.
Joining Forces
The conference also presented an opportunity to bring leaders of the OBA and the Washington Biomedical Association together to discuss future plans for joint meetings and other large events. “Both organizations are interested in combining our efforts, where possible, in order to improve the level of educational experiences that we can provide,” O’Brien says. “We were also able to share some information about how each group is organized and what is working well for each group.”
Feedback from this conference will shape the format of the next big event, he points out. In fact, surveys from members and vendors allow OBA leadership to determine what was successful and what might need to be altered moving forward. “It is very important to us that we meet the needs of not just our members, but the vendors who present their products and service as well,” says O’Brien.
And one thing’s for certain: Whatever the future holds, the OBA will continue to serve, educate, and promote all professionals in the field of healthcare technology management.
Phyllis Hanlon is a contributing writer for 24×7. Questions and comments can be sent to Chief Editor Keri Forsythe-Stephens at [email protected]. | https://24x7mag.com/professional-development/trade-associations/local-htm-associations/focus-oregon-biomedical-association/ |
Gerontology is a study of processes associated with bodily changes from middle age through later life involving interdisciplinary investigations (Institute of Gerontology, 2021). Providing care for older people could be challenging because the presentation of disease symptoms are often atypical. Treatment effects often interact with their multimorbidity, leading to higher demand for support from an interdisciplinary team (Hofman, Van Den Hanenberg, Sierevelt & Tulner, 2017;Tonelli et al., 2017). Overcoming barriers to interdisciplinary teams working together has been an issue in gerontology that challenges many healthcare professional training programme (Schapmire et al., 2018). The conventional education curriculum design of gerontological nursing mainly focuses on nursing; this may ignore the interdisciplinary teamwork aimed at resolving most care needs of older people in real settings. Problem-based learning (PBL) is considered a pedagogical approach that adequately scaffolds interdisciplinary learning in higher education, given that the issues of interdisciplinary learning are specifically addressed (Stentoft, 2017).
As an example regarding interdisciplinary learning and PBL, the School of Nursing in The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) commenced an interdisciplinary subject for all first-year undergraduate students since the early 2010s. In PolyU, there are six disciplines providing training at the baccalaureate level for healthcare professionals. These include nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, optometry, radiotherapy, and medical laboratory science. A subject on inter-disciplinary teamwork is a requirement for all students in the first year of healthcare professional undergraduate programmes. Students learn together from the faculty members and clinical specialists of different disciplines about their roles and collaborations in various healthcare settings (e.g., hospital and community).
In the undergraduate nursing programmes, all students have to enrol in a subject on gerontological nursing in their senior year (i.e., year 3 of a 5-year programme). We also adopt an interdisciplinary approach to frame this subject. We teach this subject from the perspective of nurses as being a player in the interdisciplinary team. In this subject, PBL is one of the teaching methods. A 7-step approach is as follow: 1) clarify terms and concepts, 2) define the problem, 3) analyze the issues, 4) draw a systematic inventory of the explanation, 5) formulate learning objectives, 6) collect additional information outside the group, and 7) synthesize newly acquired knowledge (Hemker, Prescher, & Narciss, 2017). To start a series of scenarios about older people’s ageing experiences at different stages and settings are provided to students in both written and video formats. Students form groups to identify and define the problems possibly faced by older people and their caregivers in the scenarios under the supervision of the group tutors’ supervision. When the central issue is confirmed, the group members agree upon the learning objectives. Subsequently, with the tutor’s guidance, students analyze problems by identifying the factors, giving explanations, posing solutions, and recalling personal experiences of the issues raised. Students have to report their learning progress following a pre-set schedule to their peers and the tutors. They learn through both face-to-face and online discussions with one another. At the end of the semester, students synthesize the acquired information through a presentation. In the presentation, students report the problems they identified from the scenario (i.e., those common clinical issues in real settings), the factors associated with the problems, the effects of various available interventions, and the implications to clinical practice. This assignment targets important learning objectives: PBL outcomes are established using pre-set rubrics that account for 50% of the subject assessment weighting.
Upon subject completion, students attend clinical practicum in settings where care for older people features an inter-disciplinary approach. Gerontological concepts are evident in post-acute rehabilitation units for older people, geriatric day hospitals, and community nursing services. Students again use PBL methods to identify the clinical problems of older people in these real settings. The clinical instructors will discuss and guide students on approaches to the gerontology-specified problems (e.g., deconditioning) that can be managed by using an interdisciplinary approach (Ploutz-Snyder et al., 2018). Because students are novice learner, they are only expected to participate in the verbal discussion of some real cases with the clinical instructors on how nurses could contribute to solving the problems and improving the quality of care as a player of the interdisciplinary team. Students also have a chance to visit different departments (e.g., physical training centre), attend mini-lectures at clinical settings, and discuss with various healthcare professionals, to visualize how the problems are identified, diagnosed and solved by an interdisciplinary team.
To implement the interdisciplinary PBL, the teaching team shares any consensus on some principles as outlined below (Stentoft, 2017):
• trigger students with complex and real-life problems;
• anchor the learning in a constructivist paradigm;
• ensure the learning is student-centred;
• encourage students to be self-directed and active;
• support students in critical thinking;
• ensure that teachers are the facilitators of the learning process;
• encourage students to work and learn in teams; and
• assist students in developing cognitive skills
In our experience, interdisciplinary PBL is very suitable for gerontological nursing education because the clinical problems in this area are highly complex, which always requires solutions from an interdisciplinary team perspective. For example, fall is a common problem in older people in hospitals (Masud & Morris, 2001). However, the reasons are multiple, such as inappropriate use of psychotropic drugs, lower limb weakness, visual impairment, cognitive impairment, incontinence (Oliver, Daly, Martin, & McMurdo, 2004). To minimize the risk of falls, an effective interdisciplinary team is always needed to join hand to tackle these problems collaboratively. Successful interdisciplinary PBL depends on many factors beyond the curriculum structure design. In particular, the teaching team should involve faculty members from different disciplines (e.g. occupational therapy and physiotherapy); and be delivered in different settings (e.g., in university, hospital, and community) providing students with chances to develop their knowledge and skills through PBL. This approach students could transfer the knowledge acquired from the PBL to clinical practice. For the teaching team involved in PBL, self-observation and peer evaluations guided by validated instruments are very important (Garcia, James, Bischof, & Baroffio, 2017). As such, the team could learn from one another effectively. The worthiness of the interdisciplinary PBL is equally important. Traditionally, the success of the learning and teaching approach is judged by the students’ academic performance (e.g., examination). Student satisfaction is evaluated by the students’ feedback questionnaires (Imanieh, Dehghani, Sobhani & Haghighat, 2014). However, these measurements could be biased and fail to reflect the success of PBL strategies. Notably, PBL may also effectively promote independent learning, self-directed learning, self-reflectivity, critical thinking, and group process skills (Cooke & Moyle, 2002). There are various tools available to measure student abilities on critical thinking (Carter, Creedy & Sidebotham, 2015), self-directed learning (Cheng, Kuo, Lin & Lee-Hsieh, 2010), and teamwork (Gordon et al., 2016). Evidence shows that problem-based learning improves nursing students’ ability beyond academic performance, such as critical thinking and self-directed learning (Choi, Lindquist & Song, 2014;Oja, 2011). Academics should consider adding evidence of these outcomes to the traditional outcome markers such as academic performance. | https://www.ejpbl.org/journal/view.php?number=62&viewtype=pubreader |
To fight racism and its potential influence on health, health care professionals must recognize, name, understand and talk about it. That education can begin during a professional’s earliest training.
A team of University of Minnesota researchers brought together a multi-racial group of health professionals from across various fields to develop an anti-racism curriculum for first-year medical students. The team recently published their findings about their process of developing the curriculum in a special issue of the journal Ethnicity & Disease.
The group used a methodology called Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) that helps researchers remain attentive to issues of equity in their work.
In Phase I of the study, seven women health professionals primarily from racial and ethnic minority groups developed an initial curriculum.
In Phase II, five White (primarily male) colleagues joined them to discuss racism and race in light of their initial curriculum. Working over a year’s time (January 2016 – December 2016) and using PHCRP, this larger group developed an anti-racism curriculum. Even though they were all professionals dedicated to advancing conversations on racial equity, it was not an easy task to come to consensus.
“We learned that even with those truly, sincerely and genuinely committed to achieving equity, there is a high likelihood of replicating power structures that perpetuate systemic racism across all disciplines,” said Rachel Hardeman, School of Public Health assistant professor and lead author of the study. “The field of public health, for example, has a long history of working with marginalized communities to promote the health of all communities, but it also has a complicated and problematic relationship to race. PHCRP is critical for moving all health professionals towards achieving health equity in their work.”
Participants from Phase I described the early meetings as “powerful,” allowing them to “bring their full selves” to a project that brought together people who are often marginalized in their professional environments. In Phase II, which included White colleagues, the dynamics shifted. Phase I participants noted that “[our] the voices… became quieter…” and “I had to put on my armor and fight in those later meetings…”
The researched concluded that the process of employing PHCRP in the development of an intervention about racism in medicine led to new insights on what it means to discuss racism among those marginalized and those with privilege. Conversations in each phase yielded new ideas and strategies to advance a conversation about racism in health care. | https://www.sph.umn.edu/news/developing-anti-racism-medical-school-curriculum/ |
The MEPs Against Cancer (MAC) Interest Group was founded in 2005 by a group of MEPs at the European Parliament (EP) for MEPs, and remains the oldest and largest group dedicated to cancer policy at the EP. MAC members come from different political groups and countries and work together to strengthen cancer control policies, promote cancer prevention, ensure access to high-quality treatments and care for cancer patients in Europe. MAC members believe that European cooperation adds value to Member States’ action.
On the World Cancer Day, 4 February 2019, the MAC Group published its elections manifesto called ‘BEATING CANCER: MISSION POSSIBLE: Towards effective cancer control in Europe’. In the manifesto the Group identifies key objectives which shall be addressed in the 2019-24 mandate. MAC members will also closely follow, monitor and influence key health and cancer-related policy files. Activities undertaken by the MAC group shall contribute to reaching the objectives set in the Manifesto and to ensuring that the needs and wants of cancer patients, survivors, caregivers and EU citizens are well-represented and reflected.
I. VISIBILITY – MEPs active in the MAC Group are often approached to speak at high-level public meetings and conferences, contribute to press conferences and interviews, and get greater attention from stakeholders active in healthcare.
II. KNOWLEDGE – Members of MAC get access to expertise and materials relevant to ongoing health and cancer-related policy issues discussed at both the European and national levels from the MAC Secretariat’s network of national/regional cancer societies and cancer experts.
III. NETWORK – MAC members build strong relationships with civil society, patient organisations, healthcare professionals, researchers, and other stakeholders throughout the mandate. They get access to opportunities to meet other MEPs, EU Commission officials, national decision-makers, as well as to build partnerships in order to fulfill their mission: beating cancer sooner.
Membership in the MAC Group is restricted to Members of the European Parliament elected in the 2019-24 mandate. To become a member or find out more information about the MAC Group, please send an email to Linda(at)europeancancerleagues.org or fill in a short application form. We look forward to working together to make beating cancer #MissionPossible!
MAC receives secretarial support from the Association of European Cancer Leagues (ECL) (Transparency register: 19265592757-25), a Brussels-based NGO representing national and regional cancer societies across Europe.
MAC members meet on average four times a year with external stakeholders. Topics of external meetings are agreed upon at the annual strategic meeting and announced in advance. A meeting report with key policy recommendations is sent to MAC members within 30 days after each meeting. All meetings are hosted by MAC MEPs, and organised in cooperation with other non-profit organisations. Participation in events, campaigns and other MAC activities is individual, depending on MEPs’ interests. Regular participation is highly appreciated and awarded by the increased visibility of MEPs’ work (e.g., all three MEPs nominated for the 2019 and 2020 Parliament Magazine’s Health Award were MAC members!).
Internal MAC meetings restricted to MEPs and APAs take place each year to discuss objectives, achievements and future priorities. The first annual meeting took place in Autumn 2019, where the MAC Co-Chairs and Vice-Chairs were elected. Two MAC Co-Chairs and two Vice-Chairs coming from different countries and 4 political groups were elected for the 5-year term. You can read more about the MAC leadership and composition here. | https://www.cancer.eu/mac-membership/ |
For this Discussion, you explore the culture and climate of your current organization or one with which you are familiar. You also consider decisions and day-to-day practices and the way they relate to the organization’s mission, vision, and values.
To prepare:
- Review the information related to planning and decision making in health care organizations presented in the textbook, Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application. Consider how planning and decision making relate to an organization’s mission, vision, and values, as well as its culture and its climate.
- Familiarize yourself with the mission, vision, and values of your organization or one with which you are familiar. Consider how the statements and actions of leaders and others within the organization support or demonstrate the organizational mission, vision, and values. In addition, note any apparent discrepancies between word and deed. Think about how this translates into expectations for direct service providers. Note any data or artifacts that seem to indicate whether behaviors within the organization are congruent with its mission, vision, and values.NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
- Begin to examine and reflect on the culture and climate of the organization. How do culture and climate differ?
- Why is it important for you, as a master’s-prepared nurse leader, to be cognizant of these matters?
Post a description of your selected organization’s mission, vision, and values. Describe relevant data, or artifacts, words, and actions of leaders and others in the organization that support, or perhaps appear to contradict the organization’s mission, vision, and values statement. In addition, discuss the organization’s culture and its climate, differentiating between the two. Explain why examining these matters is significant to your role as a nurse leader.
Understanding Inter-Professional Leadership in Healthcare
The healthcare industry is no stranger to teamwork and has increasingly utilized inter-professional teams. But what are inter-professional teams? Simply stated an inter-professional team is a group of people trained in different professional disciplines that need to work together on one team. The use of inter-professional teams has become extremely important in healthcare. Within the healthcare industry, there are times when the need arises for a diverse group of people to work together. If there is a solid understanding of inter-professional teamwork patients will be taken care of properly and safely. These teams are usually comprised of a physician, a nurse, marketing people, finance people, occupational therapists, social workers and so on. It can be quite a big mix of people, not only from different kinds of education but even different levels of education.
However, getting a group of individual with varying professional backgrounds can be problematic. One of the biggest challenges with these teams is that people are used to being experts in their own field. When you are used to being the expert you get used to people taking direction from you. Experts need to learn to become more open to learning, creating a learning environment, and enabling members of a team to feel safe. Team leadership becomes a major challenge, when everyone is seen as an expert. Another challenge is the use of jargon. For example, an accountant and a nurse can be trying to convey the same message but use completely different terms. So, agreeing on a common language is critical for the fast-paced healthcare environment.NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
Organizational leadership for building effective health care teams
The movement toward accountable care organizations and patient-centered medical homes will increase with implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA will therefore give further impetus to the growing importance of teams in health care. Teams typically involve 2 or more people embedded in a larger social system who differentiate their roles, share common goals, interact with each other, and perform tasks affecting others. Multiple team types fit within this definition, and they all need support from leadership to succeed. Teams have been invoked as a necessary tool to address the needs of patients with multiple chronic conditions and to address medical workforce shortages. Invoking teams, however, is much easier than making them function effectively, so we need to consider the implications of the growing emphasis on teams. Although the ACA will spur team development, organizational leadership must use what we know now to train, support, and incentivize team function. Meanwhile, we must also advance research regarding teams in health care to give those leaders more evidence to guide their work.
Inter professional Care and Role of Team Leaders
Inter professional care is an essential part of the health service delivery system. It helps to achieve improved care and to deliver the optimal and desired health outcomes by working together, sharing and learning skills. Health care organization is a collective sum of many leaders and followers.NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper Successful delivery of inter professional care relies on the contribution of inter professional care team leaders and health care professionals from all groups. The role of the inter professional care team leader is vital to ensuring continuity and consistency of care and to mobilize and motivate health care professionals for the effective delivery of health services. Medical professionals usually lead inter professional care teams. Inter professional care leaders require various skills and competencies for the successful delivery of inter professional care.
Why inter professional collaboration?
To provide proper care and improve patient outcomes, today’s nurses must collaborate effectively with members of the healthcare team from other disciplines. That means working together as team members and team leaders. To do that, they must understand each member’s education, scope of practice, and areas of expertise. Learning the language, norms, and special foci of other disciplines fosters more effective use of resources and knowledge.
In 2009, six healthcare education associations in the United States established the Inter professional Education Collaborative: American Association of Colleges of Nursing, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, American Dental Education Association, Association of American Medical Colleges, and Association of Schools of Public Health. Together, these organizations have worked to define inter professional collaboration and four core competencies: 1) values and ethics for inter professional practice, 2) roles and responsibilities for collaborative practice, 3) inter professional communication practices, and 4) inter professional teamwork.NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
To sum up these competency domains, embracing the values and ethics of inter professional practice means working together while respecting the expertise of those in other disciplines. Being aware of the professional roles and responsibilities of other team members; communicating effectively with patients, families, and other healthcare professionals; and building relationships to plan, implement, and evaluate safe care all contribute to the health of patients and communities. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing has integrated these collaborative expectations into its “essentials” for baccalaureate, master’s, and doctoral education for advanced practice, and they are also included in the educational expectations of other healthcare disciplines.
In 2010, the World Health Organization issued a statement of support for inter professional education—emphasizing that, to strengthen global healthcare, students must learn with, from, and about members of other health professions. In 2016, further revisions by the Inter professional Education Collaborative established inter professional collaboration as an overall focus of the four competencies and called for increased emphasis on population health.NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
Our inter professional journey
As a pediatric nurse practitioner and a community health nurse who seek to improve the health of vulnerable populations, we have broadened our focus by collaborating with physicians, nurse colleagues, and other health professionals. For example, to improve the health of elementary school students, we formed an interdisciplinary community health collaborative.
Working with the school system offered, in turn, new opportunities to collaborate with others, both within and outside the healthcare system. An eight-week program by nursing, physical education, and exercise science faculty for second-grade children that involved undergraduate students, school administrators, nurses, physical education teachers, classroom teachers, and parents expanded to include collaborative partnerships with 10 community organizations that work together to improve child health in an urban community. By involving undergraduate students in our inter professional project to improve patient health outcomes, we model inter professional collaboration. Having a common focus enables multiple disciplines to combine their expertise.
Historically, inter professional education was not included in the curricula for healthcare professionals. Instead, students preparing for each discipline were educated in isolation from students of other disciplines, and there was little knowledge of the educational requirements or scopes of practice of other health professions. Today, students are being prepared to be members of an interdisciplinary healthcare team and are learning to focus on each patient as an individual, rather than a treatment or diagnosis.NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
The future of inter professional collaboration
Benefits of inter professional collaboration—for nurses, other healthcare professionals, and patients—include improved patient outcomes, fewer preventable errors, reduced healthcare costs, and improved relationships with other disciplines. Enhanced communication among disciplines also leads to decreased workloads for all health professionals by minimizing duplicated effort and increasing knowledge. Building relationships with professionals in other disciplines leads to better understanding.
Are you ready to embark on an inter professional collaborative journey? Before doing so, ask yourself these questions: What population are you focusing on? How can you collaborate inter professionally? What opportunities exist for you to collaborate inter professionally? What disciplines outside of healthcare could you collaborate with? What organizations could you collaborate with?NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
Background Interdisciplinary team work is increasingly prevalent, supported by policies and practices that bring care closer to the patient and challenge traditional professional boundaries. To date, there has been a great deal of emphasis on the processes of team work, and in some cases, outcomes. Method This study draws on two sources of knowledge to identify the attributes of a good interdisciplinary team; a published systematic review of the literature on interdisciplinary team work, and the perceptions of over 253 staff from 11 community rehabilitation and intermediate care teams in the UK. These data sources were merged using qualitative content analysis to arrive at a framework that identifies characteristics and proposes ten competencies that support effective interdisciplinary team work. Results Ten characteristics underpinning effective interdisciplinary team work were identified: positive leadership and management attributes; communication strategies and structures; personal rewards, training and development; appropriate resources and procedures; appropriate skill mix; supportive team climate; individual characteristics that support interdisciplinary team work; clarity of vision; quality and outcomes of care; and respecting and understanding roles. Conclusions We propose competency statements that an effective interdisciplinary team functioning at a high level should demonstrate.NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
According to the World Health Organization, “Inter professional education (IPE) occurs when two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes.”
IPE focuses on the following four domains, which will be addressed throughout the student’s program:
- Inter professional Teamwork and Team-Based Practice
- Inter professional Communication Practices
- Rules and Responsibilities for Collaborative Practice
- Values and Ethics for Inter professional Education Practice
Collaborative practice in healthcare occurs when multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds provide comprehensive services by working with patients, their families, caregivers and communities to deliver the highest quality of care across settings.
Practice includes both clinical and non-clinical health-related work, such as diagnosis, treatment, surveillance, health communications, management and sanitation engineering.NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
Authors have commented on the limited use of theory in the inter professional field and its critical importance to advancing the work in this field. While social psychological and educational theories in the inter professional field are increasingly popular, the contribution of organizational and systems theories is less well understood. This paper presents a subset of the findings (those focused on organizational/systems approaches) from a broader scoping review of theories in the organizational and educational literature aimed to guide inter professional education and practice. A detailed search strategy was used to identify relevant theories. In total, we found 17 organizational and systems theories. Nine of the theories had been previously employed in the inter professional field and eight had potential to do so. These theories focus on interactions between different components of organizations which can impact collaboration and practice change. Given the primarily educational focus of the current research, this paper offers new insight into theories to support the design and implementation of inter professional education and practice within health care environments. The use of these theories would strengthen the growing evidence base for both inter professional education and practice – a common need for its varied stakeholders.
The complexity of modern interdisciplinary health care practices, where different specialties work together to solve complex problems, challenges traditional approaches to organizational development and quality improvement. An example of this is surgery. This article describes and evaluates an action-oriented method to facilitate organizational development and innovation at an operating unit, centered on inter professional aspects of health care, a method that shares some features with action learning. At its core the method had a group with members from all specialties in an operating team, who participated in regular meetings facilitated by a process leader, according to experiential learning principles. The group was evaluated using mixed methods (including interaction process analysis (IPA)), of which video recorded group meetings and interviews constituted the main sources of data. Results showed that the group achieved a successful organizational change. Indications of the success of the group process were the low level of conflicts and the high level of task focus. Inter professional boundaries appeared to be bridged as all members participated in formulation of both problems and solutions while not being afraid to voice different opinions. Problems could be attributed to lack of awareness of the group at the operating unit at which the intervention took place.NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
Systems Leadership
Systems Leadership enables the leaders in an organization to create the conditions where people at all levels can work productively to their potential.
It uses sound principles about human behavior to create models of good leadership, organizational strategy, systems design and social process. It provides leaders with tools that help to predict people’s behavior in their organization. It also helps to build effective systems which drive productive behavior and lead to a more effective realization of the organizations purpose.
Systems Leadership has been developed by Dr Ian MacDonald throughout his career as an academic and a management and organizational behavior expert, Professor Catherine Burke of the University of Southern California and Karl Stewart, first as a Managing Director and now as a consultant. It has a basis in the work of Elliot Jaques and has since been added to by other MAC Associates and clients.NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
Systems thinking is a management discipline that first observes discrete functions and interactions between components. In education that would be the interactions among st teachers, learners, administrators, digital content and learning goals. Systems thinking then uses that data to derive a useful construct, a system, that creates efficiency and utility for all. Sometimes this system is multiple systems of multiple functions. What is happening right now nationwide in the transition to digital by schools is considerable confusion, overlap, and inefficiency at the software and content level. A majority of tech transition constructs by schools are piecemeal documents and a patchwork of apps. Many times, these are wonderful but isolated islands of teacher-driven ingenuity, with little or no over-arching system tactics. It’s time to have Systems Leadership.
Today’s school leaders need to understand what it means to program a computer, to harness an automatic technological workflow. This is “systems thinking” and is at the core of what currently drives the economy. Being able to harness machines to do the heavy lifting of the institution is a very different reality than leaning only on people. This does not mean teachers will be irrelevant, it means all school staff will be highly leveraged. NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
The leadership of today thinks first of how to get the problem automated by some technology, then how to organize and array human components. This is the giant leap forward for education as it moves closer to the business enterprise model. For five generations, the span of attention of school leadership has been focused on the basics of the Industrial Age: buildings and grounds, staffing, goal-setting, curriculum-as-raw-material, and managing the schedules.
A well-wrought software technology stack, built into a complete “software house” for the institution, creates highly synced efficiencies and flexibility. It has the capability of replacing the existing structure with a digital “unstructure” for every element of the past, and yes, including teaching-on-demand over the internet when a substitute or expert is required.
The Blended Administration
Systems thinking was defined in Systems Thinking Basics by authors Virginia Anderson and Lauren Johnson as a big-picture view of the whole. Districts and schools should not only recognize the interconnections between their operations digitally and their methods of educating via teachers and screen learning, but they must work to unify all of it together. Call it “Blended Administration” to mirror the classroom “Blended Learning” trend, a higher harmonic of technical sophistication. This is the ever-changing shift education has entered with the incursion of more technology. NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
At issue is the ability to see the software systems orchestrating a whole. When leaders are not familiar with the qualities and quantities of information or software development, and how that information serves to run the organization, not just serve users, they tend to let everyone decide how to use technology in a giant free-for-all. This results in activities where the same 6th-grade lessons are different teacher-by-teacher, which might be great for them as teachers, but in terms of results, the school is now looking at unpredictability for channeling customization’s.
Additionally, teachers doing a whole lot of document-based and video-based lesson planning, even with simple workflows and assignment envelopes, are not necessarily creating highly engaging learning because they are not animators, coders, or digital instructional designers who can craft great user experiences. Rationalization gets further distant because the act of having to build so many topics reduces the customization in home-grown digital lessons. NURS 6053 – Inter professional Organizational and Systems Leadership Case Study Paper
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Different health disciplines at Tufts come together for the yearly Comparative Anatomy Exchange Day
Every year, over a hundred students in the Tufts Health Sciences Campus participate in the Comparative Anatomy Exchange Day, also known as CadEx Day. This interprofessional event, which began in 2016, brings together students and faculty representing the medical (MD), dental (DMD), veterinary (DVM), biomedical sciences, public health, and physician assistant programs to study a body system across species.
The event was developed by the One Health Committee which brings together professionals from different fields that study human, veterinary, and ecosystem health to shed light on the similarities among human and animal research and healthcare to solve complex problems.
“The One Health effort attempts to breakdown the silos between these groups and encourage interdisciplinary collaborations that will be mutually beneficial for human and animal healthcare,” said Rebecca Lufler, PhD, associate professor of medical education in the School of Medicine. “The CadEx event is meant to start these conversations and collaborations by bringing students from different disciplines together to discuss a common interest—anatomy and health care.”
This year, the event took place on April 23 and covered the anatomy and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems from the perspective of the MD, DMD, and DVM programs, respectively.
The event consisted of student lecture presentations in the morning, and in the afternoon, students visited the Anatomy Lab, where they taught one another all aspects of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems across species, including heart, lungs, larynx, trachea, great vessels, and the associated pathologies.
“As a student of veterinary medicine, our patients are non-human animals, but our communication is always with people,” explained Alex Dibrindisi, DVM24. “Having a basic understanding of how human anatomy and physiology differs from companion animals can go a long way when you are explaining disease processes to owners. Moreover, health care decisions for any species rely on factors such as, treatment availability, cost, and environment, which are all influenced by people of different medical backgrounds.”
“Being able to participate in CadEx was such a privilege—in particular being able to have interdisciplinary conversations with our Tufts colleagues,” said Adriana Iturbide, D25. “The whole event was powered by student dialogue, and it was a morning of shared and collaborative knowledge. In particular, the conversations that were had regarding the cardiovascular and respiratory system are important when it comes to interdisciplinary care—bridging the gap in a patient’s dental and medical care is of particular importance. Conversation and recognition of the connection between oral and systemic health will improve the lives of our communities and our nation’s health as a whole. It is my hope that CadEx is a glimpse of a trend towards interdisciplinary care when it comes to the care of our future patients.”
CadEx is one of several interprofessional development events hosted or co-hosted by the School of Medicine throughout the year aimed at highlighting the importance of interprofessional communication, coordination, and collaboration when making health care decisions.
Lufler believes it is important to have interprofessional education opportunities like CadEx because students will work in interprofessional teams in their future careers, and interprofessional development events provide a forum for students to begin to understand the scope of other professions, work on communicating effectively, share ideas and information, and work collaboratively toward a common goal.
“Hopefully, the takeaway of events like CadEx is that we endeavor to recreate such rich and meaningful shared engagement moving forward, so as to better serve all our patients, while working together towards a more sustainable future,” shared Emma Louise Mitchell-Sparke, M25. | https://medicine.tufts.edu/news-events/news/different-health-disciplines-tufts-come-together-yearly-comparative-anatomy-exchange-day |
CEFLI conducts a series of different events designed to provide information, educational, training and networking opportunities for CEFLI's membership.
For more information on specific CEFLI events, please click on the appropriate link below.
CEFLI will post to this section of the website information concerning recent events so CEFLI members who may not have been able to participate in the event can access relevant information for reference purposes.
CEFLI maintains a strong reputation as an organization that provides appropriate forums for regulators and industry representatives to work collaboratively to discuss current marketplace challenges and to identify appropriate solutions. CEFLI Summit Meetings allow both regulators and industry representatives to learn more about the challenges that are faced in regulating the marketplace and designing appropriate compliance and ethics strategies.
CEFLI is a recognized industry leader in bringing together regulators and industry representatives to provide education and training webinars for the life insurance industry's compliance and ethics professionals. These educational sessions serve as a useful supplement to life-insurance company professional development programs for compliance and ethics professionals.
CEFLI’s Annual Conference is designed to bring compliance and ethics professionals, industry experts and key state and federal regulators together to share their expertise, develop solutions and share potential leading practices on the issues their peers have identified as the top compliance and ethics issues facing the industry.
The CEFLI Compliance Compliance Leadership Forum is designed exclusively for compliance professionals that aspire to become Chief Compliance Officers. During the training session current Chief Compliance Officers of life insurance companies will review the issues and skill sets necessary to perform effectively as a Chief Compliance Officer for a life insurance company.
CEFLI recognizes that life insurance companies and their compliance staff are continually faced with new challenges and new opportunities to develop appropriate expertise. To meet these demands, CEFLI has developed the Compliance Fundamentals Training Conference to allow compliance staff at all levels to receive training on the key components necessary to conduct life insurance company compliance operations.
CEFLI is known as "The Forum That Connects." CEFLI's Regional Compliance Forums were developed in response to requests from member companies to provide additional opportunities for CEFLI member company compliance and ethics professionals to hold in-person meetings to "connect" with one another to share insights and expertise.
CEFLI Regional Compliance Forums will offer a unique opportunity for open, informal discussions of issues to be determined by the participants in each Regional Compliance Forum. | http://www.cefli.org/events |
Welcome to the organization of the Emerging Information and Technology Conference (EITC), a non-political, non-religious and non-profit international organization/think tank (a virtual organization) managed by and for the benefit of the global R&D community.
EITC promotes interdisciplinary research, which involves the acquisition of interdisciplinary knowledge through the collaboration of experts from different disciplines. The future of research lies in the active exchange of ideas, concepts and methods from all disciplines.
Since 2001, with the support and coordination of the Emerging Information Technology Association (EITA), the EITC organizes a number of International Forums (EITA Forums) annually around the world. We connect people and ideas through digital and in-person events and resources.
The Emerging Information and Technology Association (EITA) helps bring new campus technologies to market. Through research collaborations and partnerships, community innovation, industry support and commercialization opportunities, companies can benefit from our expertise and technologies while increasing their own innovation potential.
The EITA Venture Community (EITA-Venture forum) aims to build a vibrant and growing global community of entrepreneurs, innovators and thought leaders who are changing the world and helping high-tech entrepreneurs and startups to advance their ideas and venture capital.
EITA strives to bring young scientists and engineers to discuss their current research and to build informal networks with their peers that may lead to a lifelong collaborations and scientific achievements. To this end, EITA has established a General Young Investigator Conference (the EITA-YIC forum), a series of meetings organized by graduate students, postdocs and young university faculty with the support of EITA's distinguished scientists and engineers - the EITA-EITC advisory board.
EITA organizes many (public, private) live and/or virtual academic and professional conferences and seminars around the world each year. Since 2001, EITA's high-quality, cost-effective conferences have been recognized as the premier science and engineering conferences, where researchers from the world's leading research institutions discuss their latest research, analysis, and future challenges in a unique informal interactive format.
EITA provides an exciting education, networking, and outreach (readers) forums for the R&D community around the world, where academia, industry and government can come together to share experiences, seek solutions to common problems, concerns and goals, and build lasting alliances.
The first EITA meeting was held in November 2001 at a hotel in New Jersey. Since then, the number of meeting locations has expanded globally to accommodate the growing mix of meetings and regional interests.
The EITA forums are organized and run by global volunteers. Administrative costs are kept low as volunteers and participants cover many of these costs themselves (eg adequate travel and health insurance, etc.).
Upcoming and Recent Conferences/Workshops
Click on a meeting name link (where available) below to view more details, including the programs. To view more past & future meetings, please use the Conference & Workshops folder above.
- The EITA Outreach (Readers) Forum
You are welcome to join the EITA Outreach (Readers) Forum at any time. Please click here to join the forum.
The EITA Outreach (Reader) forum is a perfect virtual event platform for researchers, scientists, and entrepreneurs to share experience, foster collaborations across industry and academia, and evaluate emerging technologies across the globe.
The Conferences/Workshops in 2022
|Conference Name||Dates||Location|
|EITA-YIC 2022 (The Fifth EITA-Young Investigator Conference)
||<Exact Dates TBA>||Virtual Meeting|
|EITA-Economy, Business Management, and Law Ventures 2022||<Exact Dates TBA>||Virtual Meeting|
|EITA-Physics and Quantum Computing, High-Performance Computing Ventures 2022||<Exact Dates TBA>||Virtual Meeting|
|EITA-AI/ML/DL, Neural Networks, Data Science, and Applications Ventures 2022||<Exact Dates TBA>||Virtual Meeting|
The Conferences/Workshops in 2021
Note: To view more past & future meetings, please use the Conference & Workshops folder above..... | http://dev.eitc.org/ |
Kootenai River Ecosystem Restoration (Nutrient Restoration)
The Kootenai River Ecosystem Improvement Project includes nutrient restoration and extensive monitoring of baseline conditions and the effects of the nutrient restoration. It is a comprehensive program designed to identify the best management strategies to enhance aquatic biota in the Kootenai River ecosystem to recover native species assemblages across multiple trophic levels. Actions include monitoring of water quality, algal, invertebrate, and fish community conditions and a large‐scale nutrient restoration experiments.
The goal of this project, which is co-managed with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, is to recover a productive, healthy and biologically diverse Kootenai River ecosystem, with emphasis on native fish species rehabilitation. It is designed to aid the recovery of important fish stocks, including white sturgeon, burbot, bull trout, kokanee and other salmonids important to the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho and anglers. Objectives include:
- Maintain healthy, productive nutrient levels in the mainstem Kootenai River (Idaho) through continuation of a large-scale nutrient addition effort,
- Provide basin-wide monitoring through a multi trophic-level biomonitoring and water quality program,
- Evaluate and rehabilitate key Kootenai River tributaries important to fisheries and biological health of the Kootenai River ecosystem,
- Provide benefits to the Kootenai River ecosystem and associated fisheries, by funding the Canadian (BCME) addition of nutrients and monitoring in the south arm of Kootenay Lake, provide written summaries of all research activities related to the project,
- Provide a forum to convene with other agencies and institutions to discuss management, research, and monitoring strategies for this project and disseminate information (IKERT).
Staff
Project Co-Manager—Charlie Holderman, Kootenai Tribe of Idaho
Project Co-Manager—Cathy Gidley, Idaho Department of Fish and Game
Project Team—International Kootenai/y River Ecosystem Team (IKERT)
Project Liaisons—Nutrient Addition and Fish Monitoring —Cathy Gidley, IDFG
Funding
This project is funded by the Bonneville Power Administration through the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's Columbia River Basin Fish & Wildlife Program (Project Number 1994-049-00). | https://restoringthekootenai.org/OtherFWProjects/nutrientRestoration/ |
The foundation to a successful crop production system depends on good soil. Sound soil management is required to meet essential plant needs for water, nutrients, oxygen, and a medium to hold their roots with as little management as possible.
Terms like “soil health” and “soil quality” have become popular terms when discussing soils.
In many cases, the term soil health is used interchangeably with soil quality. In general, soil health, as a measure of soil functions, can be defined as the optimum status of the soil’s biological, physical and chemical functions.
In simpler words, this means healthy soils can sustain plant and animal productivity, soil biodiversity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and support human health and wildlife habitat.
The definition of soil health provided by USDA-NRCS states, “soil health is the continued capacity to function as a vital living ecosystem that sustains plants, animals and humans.”
A healthy soil is not just a medium to grow plants, but rather a living, dynamic and changing environment that is influenced by what we do and the practices we adopt as human actions. Soil is a dynamic and living organism.
Soil health suggests that soil is an ecosystem that needs to be carefully managed to function optimally. Important soil functions would include:
• Retaining and cycling nutrients
• Supporting plant growth
• Allowing infiltration, promote storage and filtration of water
• Supporting the production of food, feed, fiber, and fuel
• Suppressing disease, insects, and weeds
• Sequestering carbon
• Detoxifying harmful chemicals
When soil does not perform to its potential, the long-term result can jeopardize productivity and environmental quality, thus affecting production and profit. If we know what constitutes a healthy soil we can then better manage our soils.
So, let’s look at the different characteristics that make a healthy soil:
Soil tilth refers to the overall physical characteristics of the soil and its suitability for crop production. Soil with good tilth is crumbly, well structured, dark with organic matter, and has no large and hard clods.
To me good tilth goes hand-in-hand with good soil structure. Soil structure refers to the way soil aggregates, particles, and pore spaces are arranged. Soil management practices, like plowing, cultivating, applying lime, adding organic matter, and stimulating biological activity, can influence structure.
Lack of structure can affect plant growth in many ways. Poor structure affects air exchange and water movement, which in turn affects nutrient utilization. Lack of structure influences the quantity and size of pores which can directly impact root growth and development.
Sufficient depth refers to the extent of the soil profile through which roots can grow to find water and nutrients. A soil with a shallow depth as a result of a compaction layer or past erosion can be more susceptible to damage in extreme weather, thus putting a crop at more risk to flooding, pathogen attack, or drought stress.
A healthy soil will retain more water for plant uptake during dry times but will also allow air to rapidly move back in after rainfall, so that organisms can continue to thrive.
An adequate and accessible supply of nutrients is necessary for optimal plant growth and for maintaining balanced cycling of nutrients within the system. An excess of nutrients can lead to potential water quality issues, high nutrient runoff, as well as toxicity to plants and microbial communities within the soil profile.
Plant pathogens and pests can cause diseases and damage to the crop. In a healthy soil, the population of these organisms is low or is less active. Healthy plants are better able to defend against a variety of pests.
Soil organisms help with cycling nutrients, decomposing organic matter, maintaining soil structure, biologically suppressing plant pests, etc. A healthy soil will have a large and diverse population of beneficial organisms to carry out these functions and thus help maintain a healthy soil status.
A healthy, well aggregated soil is resilient, full of diverse organisms and is more resistant to degradation from wind and rain erosion, excess rainfall, extreme drought, vehicle compaction, disease outbreak, and other potentially damaging influences.
It is important to recognize soil constraints that limit crop productivity, farm sustainability, and environmental quality. Management practices can be adjusted to alleviate these problems. The following is some of the more common soil constraints commonly observed in unhealthy soils:
Soil compaction can occur at the surface and subsurface soil profile. Be sure that the soil is ready for equipment prior to tilling.
Poorly aggregated soils are more susceptible to erosion and runoff which increases risk of lost productivity. Aggregates are formed whenever mineral and organic particles clump together.
Weed Pressure, when plants are unhealthy and “weak” they are less able to compete against weeds for water and nutrients and defend themselves against pests.
High pathogen pressure, root pathogenesis negatively impacts plant growth and root effectiveness as well as minimizes contributions from microbiota in proper functioning of important soil processes.
Low water and nutrient retention, lower organic matter in soils indicate poor structure and lower water holding capacity. Therefore nutrient mobility and plant growth will be limited.
As you work your soils, good sound soil management can begin, and the dividends of better crop production can hopefully be seen.
Further needs would be to conduct a soil test which your local County Extension Office can assist you with, if needed.
Knowing and understanding the health of your soil along with knowing your soil fertility will certainly help in implementing proper soil management techniques.
Tony Nye is the state coordinator for the Ohio State University Extension Small Farm Program and has been an OSU Extension Educator for agriculture and natural resources for over 30 years, currently serving Clinton County and the Miami Valley EERA. | https://www.wnewsj.com/news/197852/sounds-soil-health-and-better-production |
What Does An Ecosystem Need To Be Healthy?
A healthy ecosystem consists of native plant and animal populations interacting in balance with each other and nonliving things (for example water and rocks). Healthy ecosystems have an energy source usually the sun. … Decomposers break down dead plants and animals returning vital nutrients to the soil.
What makes an ecosystem healthy and maintained?
We propose that a healthy ecosystem is one that is sustainable – that is it has the ability to maintain its structure (organization) and function (vigor) over time in the face of external stress (resilience). … A three-dimensional plot of system vigor organization and resilience.
What are three 3 key features of a healthy ecosystem?
- productivity
- resilience and.
- “organization” (including biodiversity).
What is meant by a healthy ecosystem?
A healthy ecosystem is one that is intact in its physical chemical and biological components and their interrelationships such that it is resilient to withstand change and stressors. … An ecosystem is composed of plant and animal communities and the physical environment in which they live.
How do you know that the ecosystem is healthy?
A healthy ecosystem is balanced and maintains a state of equilibrium. … A healthy ecosystem has lots of species diversity and is less likely to be seriously damaged by human interaction or natural disasters as long as all the components are in place.
What two requirements does an ecosystem have?
Two main components exist in an ecosystem: abiotic and biotic. The abiotic components of any ecosystem are the properties of the environment the biotic components are the life forms that occupy a given ecosystem.
What makes a healthy ecosystem for kids?
All organisms have needs such as food water and air. If the needs of the organisms in the ecosystem are not met they cannot survive. Animals usually need food water and shelter.
What is a healthy ecosystem Costanza?
Ecosystem health has thus been defined as (Costanza et al. 1992): An ecological system is healthy and free from “distress syndrome” if it is stable and sustainable i.e. if it is active and maintains its organization and autonomy over time and is resilient to stress.
What are the tools of ecosystem health?
Ecosystem health indicators are measures which help us to understand where action should be taken to restore ecosystem health and associated benefits. Condition indicators tell us whether an ecosystem is in a good state. They include indicators of habitat species and resources such as water and carbon.
What are organisms that tell us about the health of an ecosystem?
A bioindicator is a living organism that gives us an idea of the health of an ecosystem.
How many kinds of organisms are in a healthy ecosystem?
It can be used more specifically to refer to all of the species in one region or ecosystem. Biodiversity refers to every living thing including plants bacteria animals and humans. Scientists have estimated that there are around 8.7 million species of plants and animals in existence.
What is good for the ecosystem?
The benefits ecosystems provide include food water timber air purification soil formation and pollination.
What elements are in an ecosystem?
- Plants. An ecosystem must have plant life. …
- Animals. Animals are another key component in an ecosystem because they are considered consumers. …
- Water. …
- Rocks Soil and Minerals.
Why do we need ecosystem?
Healthy ecosystems clean our water purify our air maintain our soil regulate the climate recycle nutrients and provide us with food. They provide raw materials and resources for medicines and other purposes. … It’s that simple: we could not live without these “ecosystem services”.
What are the essential components of an ecosystem?
It consists of two major components biotic or living components and nonbiotic or nonliving components. Biotic components include plants animals decomposers. Nonliving components include air water land.
What is an ecosystem in your own words?
An ecosystem is a large community of living organisms (plants animals and microbes) in a particular area. The living and physical components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Ecosystems are of any size but usually they are in particular places.
What is an ecosystem and what does it contain?
An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants animals and other organisms as well as weather and landscape work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living parts as well as abiotic factors or nonliving parts. … Ecosystems can be very large or very small.
Why is an ecosystem considered healthy when it has a variety of organisms?
Generally speaking greater species diversity (alpha diversity) leads to greater ecosystem stability. This is termed the “diversity–stability hypothesis.” An ecosystem that has a greater number of species is more likely to withstand a disturbance than an ecosystem of the same size with a lower number of species.
What makes an ecosystem unhealthy?
Damaged ecosystems occur when species within the system are lost habitat is destroyed and/or the food web is affected. … Pollution over-exploitation climate change and invasive species pose particular threats to the world’s ecosystems biodiversity and ecological integrity.
What is healthy economy?
A Healthy Rate of Growth Is 2% to 3% Growth unemployment and inflation are in balance in a healthy economy. Most economists agree the ideal GDP growth rate is between 2% and 3%. Many politicians think more growth is always better. But a healthy GDP growth rate is like a body temperature of 98.6 degrees.
How does a healthy environment impact positively?
What are ecosystem health indicators?
Ecological health indicators characterize the ecological conditions of where we live improve scientific understanding of ecosystems and the benefits they provide diagnose causes of ecological degradation communicate scientific knowledge to nontechnical audiences guide environmental policy and measure progress …
What is ecosystem health monitoring?
The Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program (EHMP) is a comprehensive and scientifically robust waterway monitoring program which provides a regional assessment of the health for each of South East Queensland’s major catchments river estuaries and Moreton Bay zones.
What is the purpose of environmental health?
Environmental health is the branch of public health that: focuses on the relationships between people and their environment promotes human health and well-being and fosters healthy and safe communities. Environmental health is a key part of any comprehensive public health system.
What are the 3 main living things in an ecosystem?
What are the 3 major functions of an ecosystem?
According to Pacala & Kinzig 2002 there are three classes of ecosystem functions: Stocks of energy and materials (for example biomass genes) Fluxes of energy or material processing (for example productivity decomposition Stability of rates or stocks over time (for example resilience predictability).
What are 3 examples of an ecosystem?
Examples of ecosystems are: agroecosystem aquatic ecosystem coral reef desert forest human ecosystem littoral zone marine ecosystem prairie rainforest savanna steppe taiga tundra urban ecosystem and others.
How can we take care of the ecosystem?
- Reduce reuse and recycle. Cut down on what you throw away. …
- Volunteer. Volunteer for cleanups in your community. …
- Educate. …
- Conserve water. …
- Choose sustainable. …
- Shop wisely. …
- Use long-lasting light bulbs. …
- Plant a tree.
What consists an ecosystem?
What are the 5 basic components of an ecosystem?
- energy minerals water oxygen and living things. Five components that an ecosystem must contain to survive.
- ecosystem. composed of many interconnected parts that interact in complex ways.
- Biotic factor. …
- Organisms. …
- abiotic factor examples. …
- Population. …
- Community. …
- habitat.
What are the main features of ecosystem?
Ecosystem is constituted from three main factors namely- Energy or power Biotic factors and a biotic factors. These very factors constitute what we call an organisational set up of an ecosystem.
What is the importance of ecosystem in our daily life?
Healthy terrestrial ecosystems are vital for human welfare and survival as they provide us with essential products and benefits. Over 90% of our food comes from terrestrial ecosystems which also provide energy building materials clothes medicines fresh and clean water and clean air.
How does ecosystem affect our daily life?
According to FAO ecosystem services worth USD $125 trillion “make human life possible by for instance providing nutritious food and clean water regulating disease and climate supporting the pollination of crops and soil formation and providing recreational cultural and spiritual benefits.”
How does the ecosystem help humans? | https://www.microblife.in/what-does-an-ecosystem-need-to-be-healthy/ |
Natural areas encompass a wide range of environments and support a rich diversity of flora and fauna. From its tidal marshes of the coast to its boreal forests of the mountains, Virginia has been described as an ecological crossroads of national significance. Virginia's Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) acquires, dedicates and manages natural areas of statewide significance. The Natural Area Preserve System focuses on preserving lands so that rare natural communities and species may flourish. In addition, DCR advises other levels of government and private owners about managing natural areas. Following acquisition, DCR faces the even greater challenge of natural area stewardship. Stewardship is the long-term management of land to maintain its natural resources and inherent natural beauty. DCR stewardship is a combination of property and ecological management. On any natural area preserve, one may find staff and volunteers searching for rare plants, posting boundary signs, repairing trails or studying hydrology.
Ecological management is focused on maintaining and enhancing the natural values of land to conserve biological diversity. Land protection alone, however, does little to preserve the character of a natural area if impacts such as the introduction of invasive alien plants, or hydrologic disturbances are not also addressed. With continuing alteration of the land by human activity, many ecosystems have become fragmented or reduced to isolated islands surrounded by agricultural fields or developed areas. Ecological management is the key to successful stewardship and can be sub-divided into five general categories: conservation planning, restoration, prescribed management, research and monitoring.
Conservation planning is the analysis of the ecological, economic and social features of land which provides the scientific foundation for conservation of natural areas. Conservation planning starts well before a natural area is acquired. Planning boundaries are set which delineate ecologically sensitive areas where land-use activities should be carefully managed to ensure that they are compatible with conservation goals for natural heritage resources. Well designed natural area preserves encompass those ecological features necessary for the survival of native flora and fauna, and are planned to permit the best possible management by DCR stewards.
Restoration activities are implemented in an attempt to return disturbed land or vegetation to its original condition. Fundamental environmental processes critical to ecosystem functioning include water and nutrient cycling, erosion, herbivory, and natural disturbances such as floods and fire. Restoration techniques reinstate or replicate environmental processes to aid the return of an ecosystem to its original state.
Habitat restoration involves the return of specific habitat features to the environment, and the introduction of specific plants and animals to ensure habitation of the area by native species. Habitat restoration may also involve the removal of invasive or non-native species from the natural area.
Hydrologic restoration allows for the natural flow of water through a wetland or along a waterway. Maintaining or restoring the movement and chemistry of water encourages certain plants and animals to inhabit an area. Hydrologic restoration may involve the removal of obstructions to water flow, plugging of ditches, or remedial work to improve water quality.
Prescribed management maintains or enhances environmental conditions of an area. Through management activities such as prescribed burning and invasive species control, natural area stewards protect and rejuvenate natural vegetation. This enhances habitat conditions for many rare species and preserves the integrity of rare communities.
Prescribed burning is the carefully planned and controlled use of fire to accomplish a management goal. Many natural areas in Virginia such as longleaf pine - turkey oak sandhills and grassy savannahs contain plants that are dependent on or benefit from regular fires to enhance seed germination and make space and nutrients available for new growth.
Invasive species represent a serious threat to natural areas. Often these species have no natural enemies or controls to curb their growth and dispersal. They can easily outcompete native species for needed resources such as space, sunlight, and food. Once established in disturbed areas, they advance steadily into natural areas and can be difficult to remove. A variety of control methods, such as mechanical removal and the use of environmentally safe herbicides, are used by natural area stewards to control invasive species.
Research is important to the long-term preservation of a natural area for identifying the environmental conditions necessary to support a particular community or species of interest. Information to guide management of rare species or communities is often lacking. Research aimed at understanding the natural history, biology, and population dynamics of a rare species or how an ecosystem functions is essential for planning effective management.
Monitoring is a multi-faceted tool used by natural area stewards to assess the ecological condition of an area. It is used to document the trends of natural communities and rare species. It can also help determine if the natural processes essential to their continued existence are occurring. Monitoring is not limited to assessing only the condition of plant and animal species. Air, water, land, and pollution are other components of the environment that must be monitored for effective resource management. Monitoring activities also inform natural area stewards if management activities have been successful in fulfilling their goals. Information obtained through monitoring can be used to further refine and enhance current management practices.
Effective stewardship of Virginia's natural areas is dependent on the dedication of a variety of people. Land managers, resource experts, conservation planners, and private landowners all contribute to sound ecological management practices. Volunteers also contribute significantly to preserving natural areas through assistance with monitoring, prescribed management and restoration projects. If you are interested in learning more about Virginia's natural area preserves and ecological management programs, contact the Department of Conservation and Recreation at (804) 786-7951. | http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/ecomangt |
Finally, biodiversity is having a moment.
At the UN Climate Action Summit in September, Emmanuel Faber, CEO of Danone, announced the launch of the One Planet Business for Biodiversity (OP2B) coalition, stating, “We thought we could engineer the life that we needed and kill the rest in the fields. The resulting monocropping consequences are standing right in front of us.”
Government and large-scale business decision-makers are coming to terms with two sides of a coin of ecological reality: Biodiversity has immense inherent value on our planet, AND the ongoing devastation of biodiversity will drastically decrease global human quality of life.
Biodiversity is a key factor in the earth’s provision of ecosystem services — including biomass production, nutrient and water cycling, and soil formation and retention — but the ongoing, mounting losses to biodiversity are not simply an environmental issue. The IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services states that “Current negative trends in biodiversity and ecosystems will undermine progress towards 80% of the Sustainable Development Goals, related to poverty, hunger, health, water, cities, climate, oceans and land.”
I can assure you: this article isn’t a fear-mongering account of the real-life implications of biodiversity loss. Rather, this is an invitation — for companies, growers, and consumers — to take stock of your current understandings of biodiversity and situate them in a more encompassing and holistic framework.
WHAT IS MISSING FROM THE CONVERSATION ABOUT BIODIVERSITY?
This level of global acknowledgment is a hopeful sign. However, it is critical to note two major limitations to how biodiversity is currently being approached.
- Limitation #1: In the business community, “biodiversity” is often understood and recognized as “the diversity of agricultural crops used in our products.” From this lens, oats or lentils become “biodiverse” crops because they are less common agricultural commodities, even if they are still grown in industrial-scale chemical monocultures.
- Limitation #2: In the academic community, a well-established categorization limits biodiversity to the confines of three levels: genetic diversity within a species, species diversity within a population, and ecosystem diversity within a region.
The academic approach offers more nuance than the business perspective. But in the context of increasing attention for biodiversity, there is an opportunity here: We can significantly enhance the impact of our strategies and actions by evolving the framework through which we work. The following eight-level understanding of biodiversity offers a new lens that can spark improved design and creativity towards positive global impact.
A NEW APPROACH: THE EIGHT-LEVEL BIODIVERSITY FRAMEWORK
Corporate decisions about product design, raw materials, farming practices, and sourcing standards have significant impacts on all levels of biodiversity, and potential outputs vary accordingly. While each level can be a source of innovation — for ingredients, flavors, chemical compounds, and even culinary creativity — companies must design for net-positive impacts on biodiversity or risk serious destabilization to their supply chains and the global stock of natural capital upon which all life depends.
GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY
This level accounts for the sum total of life and total variability of life forms on Earth. It’s where we identify endangered and threatened species and map biodiversity hotspots. At least 10,000 species are going extinct every year. Addressing the long-term consequences of biodiversity loss through the lens of this level is critical in fighting to work against species extinction for global health.
ECO REGION BIODIVERSITY
Here, we look at biodiversity across an entire region, taking into account the makeup of the land and the richness of species across it. Most rarefied and sought-after provisions, from a Bordeaux wine that can only come from Bordeaux, to a Parmiagianno Reggiano that can only come from Parma, these are the products of the unique eco-regions and cultural histories from which they are cultivated. When biodiversity is supported at this level, there is potential for great culinary creativity — new dishes, new products, new remixes of ancient foods — that can emerge from healthy ecological-cultural complexes.
LAND USE BIODIVERSITY
This level looks at land in terms of form and function: the types of land that can exist in a given watershed and the diversity in how those pieces of land are used. In a given watershed, does there exist land that is being maintained as an old-growth forest, converted into a tree crop farm, or developed into an urban garden? How do those landscapes integrate and interact? An ecosystem composed of diverse landscapes with different functions directly supports nutrition and food security.
SPECIES BIODIVERSITY
Species biodiversity accounts for the differences within and between populations of species as well as the variety of species within a habitat or region. It is critical that we observe interactions among and between species to understand how anthropogenic actions are affecting an ecosystem. We’re currently in the midst of the sixth mass extinction of species, losing species at up to 1,000 times the natural rate of 1–5 species per year. 99% of threatened species are at risk of extinction from the effects of human activities. Continuing to address biodiversity at the species level can create intact ecosystems and the evolution of new crops through wild cultivation.
AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY (AKA AGROBIODIVERSITY)
This is the level of diversity that most product manufacturers identify as the sum total of biodiversity. Promoting agricultural biodiversity is indeed important: while more than 6,000 plant species have been cultivated for food, only 9 species account for 66% of total crop production. Increasing agricultural biodiversity doesn’t just improve the variety of our diet, but enhances soil and water health, increases pest and disease resistance, and reduces the need for external inputs.
Brands are taking a step in the right direction. Lush Cosmetics is reintroducing native crops and reducing land conversion on smallholder farms in Guatemala, while integrating a breathtaking array of underutilized plants into its diverse products. Smaller brands like Kuli Kuli, Yolele, and Global Breadfruit are rapidly increasing market demand for lesser-known food crops. We know that seeking to achieve greater agricultural biodiversity can lend itself to the development of lesser-known flavors, textures, and scents.
However, the popular inclination to concentrate biodiversity efforts solely at the agricultural level can be limiting. Not only are companies who confine their scope to the agricultural level missing out on the positive impacts made possible only by addressing other levels, but they are ultimately foregoing innovation, creativity, and market differentiation in their products. There are clear benefits to both the brand and the planet.
GENETIC BIODIVERSITY
Genetic diversity, the variety of genes within a species, is critical: high genetic diversity allows for species to maintain resilience against pests and pathogens and adapt to changing environments. Of the over 10,000 varieties of apples that have been ever cultivated, only 100 are now grown commercially in the US, and only 15 account for almost 90% of national production. Addressing genetic biodiversity can produce different varieties of crops, colors, and flavors, with different tastes, resistances, and nutrient profiles.
MICROBIAL BIODIVERSITY
The health of all living things — of the soil, the microbiome of animals, the leaves of trees — is indicated by and depends on its microbial composition. Healthy soil is resilient, teeming with bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa, and is able to cycle nutrients and make them available to organisms. Some of the most treasured heritage foods in the world are a product of the unique sets of microbes that live within the soil in which it is grown. Innovation at the microbial level is directly responsible, for example, for the lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria in sour beer and probiotic yogurt. Allowing for a diverse set of microbes to flourish in the soil can give way to creative fermentation and novel processing.
CHEMICAL BIODIVERSITY
Brands are realizing the myriad of opportunities at the chemical level in creating new compounds, nutrients and bioactive functionals that can boost skin health, heart health, and digestion. Cultivating a diverse variety of grapes can produce a wider range of wines packed with different antioxidants, while developing diverse probiotics can maintain a healthy skin microbiome. A greater biodiversity of food can create a greater variety of chemical compounds, each with its own set of benefits for human and ecosystem health.
WHY SHOULD BRANDS PAY ATTENTION TO BIODIVERSITY?
Quite simply, because biodiversity loss benefits no one. Most current agricultural practices and the majority of the ingredients in our food are significant contributors to global biodiversity loss.
Take palm oil, for example. It thrives in the tropics, is largely grown as a monoculture, and is in approximately 50% of consumer products. Its production requires large-scale land conversion that not only increases greenhouse gas emissions, smoke-haze and water pollution, but also affects at least 405 species globally, 193 of which are critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable. Despite the attractiveness of short-term financial gain, no one profits from species going extinct.
Brands are beginning to understand the impending threat of biodiversity loss and realize the opportunity for greater market growth and differentiation in their products. The OP2B coalition, formed by 19 companies with combined total revenue of $500 billion, is pledging to diversify their product portfolios and initiate large-scale change across their brands. Emmanuel Faber of Danone promised: “Using the thousands of brands we have in our [OP2B] portfolio, we will create a demand for a variety of crops, of species, of traditional seeds that are forgotten today, that are dying.”
Measuring progress in biodiversity impact can be difficult, but incorporating it as a key performance indicator will prove to be transformative. Brands that utilize metrics for tracking biodiversity, then subsequently place an emphasis on improving their practices across multiple levels, will inevitably put into motion a multiplier effect of positive impact on sustainability.
We’re at an exciting crossroads. Choices are being made today that will impact our planet for generations. Companies must soon decide: Will they continue to turn a blind eye (or support gentle greenwashing) to the agriculture-driven damage to global biodiversity? Or will they adopt a more whole-systems viewpoint to create positive impacts on multiple levels of life? | http://www.ethansoloviev.com/tag/genetic-diversity/ |
Source:
Project Manager:
Project Number:
204023
Application Type:
/
Project Period:
2011 - 2017
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Laboratory experiments with krill
The expansion of oil and gas exploitation in sub-arctic and arctic areas has increased the need for improved environmental risk tools that include data for key ecological species. Every new ecologically important species to be tested for its tolerance towards oil impact represents experimental challenges related to sampling, transport and exposure-/effect studies in the laboratory. In the first part of this project we have worked with these challenges and succeeded to master the use of adult krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) as test species and obtained results that can be used in environmental risk calculations regarding discharge of produced water and spills of crude oil. (Experiments with larvae were partly successful). After two weeks’ exposure of adult krill at three oil concentrations it was measured mortality, moulting rate, respiration activity, and biomarkers (GST, EROD and LMS).
It was found total acute mortality at the highest concentration, total mortality within a week in the medium, and 57% accumulated mortality after two weeks at the lowest concentration (respectively 56, 21 and 5 µg L-1 Total Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (TPAH). Accumulated mortality in the control group was 21%. Moulting rate and respiration activity was lower in oil exposed animals, but without clear dose dependency. The biomarkers showed lower activity in krill than in other species. With optimization of the methods for krill it could possibly be generated biomarker data for modelling, but this was not achieved within the frames of the project. Higher order effect data at whole organism level were however generated in the experiments.
Environmental risk and monitoring
Data produced in in the laboratory experiments have been evaluated together with data from other projects and literature data in accordance with methods for risk calculation (SSDs and DREAM). Biosensor data have also been inspected with multivariate analyses to clarify if they can be implemented in existing risk methodologies.
In order to optimize risk assessment in arctic areas the results so far show that there is a need for more data from arctic species and further development of suitable monitoring methods. The project has focused on using the generated lab data to connect toxicity and risk assessment on (sub-) individual levels to population levels through DEB Tox.
Dynamic Energy Budget toxicity model (DEB Tox)
Krill was used as model organism in a toxicokinetic/-dynamic model, and data from the project’s exposure experiments were implemented in the model together with literature data. The model calculates toxic effects in organisms over time and can also be used to extrapolate effects under realistic time varying exposure scenarios. This modelling work is done within a bioenergetic framework ('General Unified Threshold model of Survival'; GUTSK; a DEB Tox tool). The model was calibrated with the project’s krill data and thereafter used to predict effects of three time varying exposures that had not been tested in expriments.
Ecosystem process modelling
In environmental management the concern for negative environmental effects is focused on ecological levels. While the above mentioned part studies are concentrated on effect measurements and modelling at individual organism levels (with a certain relevance to populations) it is in the project further examined how a combination of oil spill, climatic warming, and fishery can influence the sub-arctic Barents Sea at ecosystem level. In this context the effects of these influences and how the complexity of the modelled ecosystem would influence the output were examined. Available data for such modelling is temporarily partly incomplete and overlapping. A ‘Bayesian conditioning probability space’ framework was used to handle this, and to represent ecosystem processes and (simultaneously) errors in the known processes and observations. The results showed that there are potentially cascade effects up to predator fish at the highest trophic level (cod), but large uncertainties in the outputs makes it so far difficult to achieve clear predictions.
Integration of management tools
In the last phase of the project it will be prepared a report describing how different model- and monitoring tools can be used jointly to connect different assessment methods in the oil industry’s environmental management (predictions/risk assessments with monitoring at different biological/ecological levels). Further, it will be prepared a laboratory report and seven publications that constitute the scientific basis for some of the links described in the report.
The seven publications are about:
- Effect studies with oil exposure of krill
- Modelling of growth and oil impact on krill (2 articles, 1 submitted).
Modelled effect of mass mortality on nutrient web dynamics
- Biomarker responses to oil exposure in different fish species
- Update of biomarker based species sensitivity distributions w
Current trends in environmental management point towards a common aim: Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) to achieve a holistic approach to ocean management. Several assessment methods and tools exist for environmental management, but they are presently fra gmented with little communication capability.
The project will develop an Integrated Model System (IMS) to link effect/risk assessment of oil and gas industry discharges to EBM, focussing on the link from individual to population level and key ecological species in pelagic Arctic food webs. The model system includes plankton and fish, and will be relevant for operational and acute discharges of hydrocarbons in Arctic marine ecosystems.
The IMS will provide a link between prognostic and diagnostic assessme nt parameters, and between current tools for Environmental Risk Assessment and Indicators being developed in the Barents Sea and Lofoten Management Plan. This gives an opportunity to assess predicted effects/risk and monitoring data coherently using the s ame standards and requirements.
The project uses central ecological properties such as organism fitness (production, reproduction, growth and mortality), prognostic assessments (effect/risk predictions) and biological indicators at different organization levels and time scales for diagnostic assessments (field monitoring). To integrate discharges and risk assessment with population level effects, the focus from individual to population is balanced with a focus from discharge to individual effects. | https://prosjektbanken.forskningsradet.no/en/project/FORISS/204023?Kilde=FORISS&distribution=Ar&chart=bar&calcType=funding&Sprak=no&sortBy=date&sortOrder=desc&resultCount=30&offset=0&ProgAkt.3=SFI-Sentre+for+forskn.drevet+innov |
Canada-Ontario Lake Erie action plan
Canada and Ontario have released the final Lake Erie Action Plan. The plan has more than 120 actions to help reduce how much phosphorus enters Lake Erie. These actions will address harmful algal blooms and improve the health of the lake.
List of figures and tables
- Figure 1: map of Huron–Erie corridor and Lake Erie, showing its three basins and major tributaries.
- Figure 2: phosphorus loading (percent) and concentrations (µg/L) by month.
- Figure 3: relative depths of the Great Lakes.
- Figure 4: overview of land use and land cover in the Lake Erie basin, 2010.
- Figure 5: Lake Erie basin watersheds categorized by land use/activity.
- Figure 6: annual loads of total phosphorus to Lake Erie from Canada and the U.S.
- Figure 7: Canadian tributary annual loadings of total phosphorus in tonnes by watershed.
- Figure 8: Canadian tributary loadings of soluble reactive phosphorus in tonnes by watershed.
- Figure 9: total Canadian tributary phosphorus loads to Lake Erie divided by basin, 2003–13.
- Table 1: summary of the Actions in the Lake Erie Action Plan by Category.
- Figure 10: the adaptive management cycle.
- Figure A.1: quaternary watersheds of the Lake Erie basin categorized by soil and landscape features related to phosphorus transport pathways of runoff and erosion.
- Figure A.2: quaternary watersheds of the Lake Erie basin categorized by the average quaternary watershed concentration (average of the maximum median over the period of 2009–12) of total phosphorus derived from the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change Provincial Water Quality Monitoring Network.
Reduction targets for Lake Erie's eastern basin
Addressing excessive algal growth and shoreline fouling in Lake Erie’s eastern basin remains a priority, but additional research and modelling efforts are needed to support setting a reduction target. Until such research is available, Canada and Ontario will take precautionary actions to reduce phosphorus loads to the Grand River watershed and the eastern basin. This will help maintain levels of algal biomass below a level that would constitute a nuisance condition in the nearshore waters of the eastern basin.
In the spirit of adaptive management, the viability of setting evidence-based numeric targets for the eastern basin will be re-evaluated in 2020. In the interim, there will be support for targeted research efforts intended to improve the scientific understanding of how to effectively manage the Cladophora problem in the eastern basin and elsewhere in the Great Lakes.
How the plan aligns with key Ontario initiatives
This action plan will also help the Government of Ontario achieve its other nutrient commitments, including those outlined in the Great Lakes Protection Act, 2015 (GLPA).
The GLPA provides tools that can help address algal blooms in Lake Erie and enables partners to come together to achieve shared goals in a particular watershed or geographic area in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River basin. Under the GLPA, Ontario’s Minister of the Environment and Climate Change must set at least one target by November 2017 to help reduce algal blooms in all or part of the basin. To satisfy that obligation, in October 2016 the Minister adopted a target of 40 per cent phosphorus load reduction by 2025 (from 2008 levels), using an adaptive management approach, for the Ontario portion of the western and central basins of Lake Erie, as well as an aspirational interim goal of a 20 per cent reduction by 2020.
The GLPA also states that the Minister must prepare a plan setting out the actions to be taken to achieve those targets. This action plan for Lake Erie will serve as the Minister’s plan for meeting the GLPA targets to help reduce algal blooms in the lake.
In keeping with the need for early action, Ontario also signed the Western Basin of Lake Erie Collaborative Agreement with the U.S. states of Michigan and Ohio on June 13, 2015. The signatories collectively committed to work to achieve, through an adaptive management process, a recommended 40 per cent total load reduction in the amount of total and dissolved reactive phosphorus entering Lake Erie’s western basin by 2025, with an aspirational interim goal of a 20 per cent reduction by 2020 (from 2008 base year).
Working with the U.S. states bordering Lake Erie through the Great Lakes Commission, Ontario collaborated on the development of a joint action plan for Lake Erie, which aligns with other binational and domestic nutrient efforts currently underway.
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Long description
How phosphorus is measured
Concentration is the mass of a substance present in a given volume of water expressed in units such as milligrams per litre. Measuring concentration is particularly useful when a substance has biological consequences, such as toxicity or eutrophication.
Load is the total mass of a substance delivered to a water body over a given time period. Loading rate is expressed in units of mass per unit time (e.g., kilograms/year) and is calculated as the product of concentration and flow rate (water volume per unit time). Load is a useful measure when there is potential for accumulation of a substance over time or when there is limited assimilative capacity in the receiving water. Load is also an important way of measuring the total pollutant contribution from a given source.
Long description
Source: Michigan Sea Grant.
Long description
Source: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
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Source: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
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Long description
Addressing non-point sources of phosphorus
With point sources well controlled, most of the phosphorus entering the lake now comes from non-point sources such as agricultural, rural and urban stormwater runoff. Controlling those sources can be challenging because solutions require changes on thousands of individual sites instead of a small number of known point sources, and must be tailored to particular land management and biophysical site characteristics.
A new approach to voluntary stewardship; targeted, supported and risk-based
Recognizing the significant contribution of agricultural activities to Lake Erie non-point source phosphorus loading, Ontario and Canada explored a new approach for fostering awareness and accelerating implementation of environmentally sustainable farm practices to reduce phosphorus loading to Lake Erie.
Through the Great Lakes Agriculture Stewardship Initiative (GLASI) — geographically targeted to the Lake Erie basin and the southeast shores of Lake Huron — professional support was provided to farmers to help them identify environmental risks specific to their farms as well as appropriate BMPs to reduce these risks. Farmers could then seek government cost-share funding to implement risk-reduction practices, including equipment modification, soil erosion control structures, cover crops, residue management, buffer strips and field windbreaks/wind strips.
Examples of natural heritage features
Natural heritage features can include structures such as natural channel formations, wetlands and the riparian zone, and the area of land adjacent to tributaries and the lake, where vegetation may be influenced by flooding or elevated water tables.
These features provide a range of ecosystem services, including:
- water filtration
- flood mitigation
- erosion reduction
- fish and wildlife habitat
- nutrient cycling
- pollinator habitat
- ground water recharge
- climate change mitigation
- recreational, social, cultural and spiritual opportunities
By providing these important ecosystem services, healthy biodiverse ecosystems reduce Ontarians’ dependence on stormwater and wastewater infrastructure.
Ontario's wetlands - past and present
Estimates suggest 68 per cent of wetlands that were present in Ontario before European settlement were drained to accommodate agricultural, industrial and residential land uses by the early 1980s, and an additional four per cent has been lost since that time. Localized loss within the Lake Erie basin has been higher, especially in the western portions of the basin.
Fortunately, the rate of wetland loss in southern Ontario has dropped over the last decade. Recent assessments show a total of 64,487 wetlands in the Lake Erie basin, covering 187,158 hectares.
Efforts to improve the health and functions of ecosystems in southern Ontario are ongoing; however, more work is needed to increase the extent of natural cover — including wetlands — in areas where losses have been greatest. Improvements in these areas will support ongoing phosphorus reduction efforts in the Lake Erie basin.
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Long description
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Long description
Defining non-point and point sources
Sources of phosphorus entering Lake Erie are generally considered to be either point sources or non-point sources.
Point sources include, for example, municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. They tend to be measured on a regular basis and their variability is relatively low because treatment processes are controlled, resulting in discharges with a fairly constant quality.
Non-point sources include, for example, agricultural and stormwater runoff. They are highly variable in quality and quantity over the course of a year and loads are more difficult to measure.
Wastewater treatment levels
Primary treatment involves the retention of wastewater to allow some settling of solids.
Secondary treatment uses biological processes and additional settling to remove dissolved organic compounds that escape primary treatment.
Tertiary treatment uses specialized processes to further improve effluent quality including enhanced phosphorus removal.
Long description
Working together to save Lake Erie
During the development of this action plan, Canada and Ontario established a multi-sectoral Lake Erie Nutrients Working Group, and also engaged Indigenous communities, municipalities, conservation authorities, environmental organizations, members of the agricultural community, and the public.
Early actions and a draft plan were posted online in October 2016 and March 2017, respectively, to gather additional feedback from the public, partners and stakeholders. Significant input was also gathered through in-person engagement sessions and written submissions.
The feedback gathered was used to enhance the plan with new partner-led actions added to the existing Canada-Ontario actions in cases where a partner is committed to playing a significant role.
Notwithstanding the formal partner commitments mentioned above, Canada and Ontario recognize that successful implementation of all the actions in this plan rely on the ongoing work being done by their many partners across the Lake Erie basin.
|Goal: Reduce Canadian phosphorus loadings by 40 per cent|
|Category of action||Actions|
|A. Reduce phosphorus loadings
||
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A1. Support watershed and nearshore-based strategies and community-based planning for reducing phosphorus loadings
A2. Reduce phosphorus loadings from urban areas
A3. Reduce phosphorus loadings from agricultural and rural areas
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B. Ensure effective policies, programs and legislation
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B1. Support and strengthen policies, programs and legislation
B2. Strengthen decision-making tools
|C. Improve the knowledge base||
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C1. Conduct monitoring and modelling
C2. Conduct research to better understand nutrient dynamics in the Lake Erie basin
C3. Conduct research to better understand and predict the impact of climate change on the Lake Erie ecosystem
C4. Conduct research to improve existing practices and develop new innovative practices and technologies to reduce phosphorus loadings
|D. Educate and build awareness||
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D1. Enhance communication and outreach to build awareness, improve understanding and influence change
D2. Share data and information
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E. Strengthen leadership and co‑ordination
|
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E1. Improve communication and co-ordination
E2. Establish an adaptive management framework and governance structure for implementation
Watershed planning
Watershed planning is encouraged across the province through the Provincial Policy Statement (2014). Under the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe (2017), municipalities are required to undertake watershed planning to help inform land use and infrastructure planning, decision making, and to protect water. Ontario is also developing guidance to support watershed planning that will be completed in 2018.
Optimizing wastewater infrastructure
The Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) and the Grand River Conservation Authority are partnering with municipalities to deliver the Grand River Watershed-wide Wastewater Optimization Program. This program provides assistance to municipalities to optimize their wastewater treatment plants and improve effluent quality.
Participants are aiming to achieve voluntary targets for phosphorus and ammonia beyond legal requirements. These targets are based on the Grand River Water Management Plan, which recommends voluntary total phosphorus and total ammonia nitrogen targets for municipal wastewater treatment plants in the watershed. For example, through optimization, the City of Brantford’s secondary treatment plant is achieving 0.2 milligrams per litre or less total phosphorus in effluent (which approaches the performance of chemically assisted filtration). Brantford has reduced total phosphorus and total ammonia nitrogen by 94 per cent and 56 per cent, respectively, and saved $27.8 million in budgeted plant upgrades since initiating its optimization program in 2011.
Other municipalities pursuing optimization in the Grand River watershed include the County of Brant, the City of Guelph, Haldimand County, Southgate, the Region of Waterloo, Centre Wellington and Wellington North.
In addition to the Grand River program, the MOECC is piloting a wastewater treatment optimization program in southwest Ontario that includes the Municipalities of Chatham-Kent and Leamington, the Town of Kingsville, and the Cities of Sarnia and Windsor.
Reducing the impact of greenhouses on the Great Lakes
To help the province’s agriculture sector reduce phosphorus discharges and drive water quality improvements, Ontario initiated a greenhouse environmental compliance plan that includes support for education and awareness, information on new technologies, annual water monitoring activities, and inspections.
Ontario’s ongoing engagement with the greenhouse sector has led to a new Greenhouse Nutrient Feedwater Regulation, which came into effect in 2015. To drive water quality improvements, the greenhouse environmental compliance plan places a priority focus on greenhouses that discharge into Leamington area tributaries or the Thames River watershed. All greenhouses across the province are required to take action to implement solutions to manage nutrients in each greenhouse, and must apply for any necessary provincial approvals for discharging into the natural environment. The Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change is employing voluntary and mandatory abatement tools to promote compliance.
Leveraging investment for healthy watersheds
For more than 40 years, the Lake Erie Conservation Authorities’ Healthy Watershed programs have provided technical assistance and financial incentives to improve and protect water quality. Collectively, these programs have offered grants for best management practices, in some circumstances up to 100 percent of the cost; including conservation farm practices, clean water diversion, erosion control, buffer strips, rock chutes, stream fencing, tree planting, wetland creation, well decommissioning, septic improvements, cover crops and more.
These programs have been very effective, flexible and strategic, and designed to address local watershed issues with local partners. Since 2012, more than $30 million has been granted to fund more than 8,350 projects in Lake Erie watersheds. Funding for the programs has been the result of Conservation Authorities’ ability to leverage local funds and partnerships with municipal, provincial and federal funding, when available.
A sampling of the science informing this plan
Ontario has undertaken several monitoring and research studies as part of its Great Lakes Nearshore Monitoring Program. These include tracking the influence of the Grand River in the nearshore of Lake Erie’s eastern basin (2010), investigating the impacts and causes of the 2012 fish kill along the north shore of the central basin, and monitoring the extent and causes of harmful algal blooms along the shoreline of the western and central basins (2013).
Canada, through its Great Lakes Nutrient Initiative, has made significant investments in monitoring to improve our understanding of phosphorus loadings from Canadian tributaries and the health of biota and water quality conditions in the nearshore of Lake Erie. Models have been developed to help set phosphorus load reduction targets and to improve understanding of the linkages between land use and phosphorus loadings to tributaries and, ultimately, Lake Erie.
Federal and provincial plans to address climate change
Published in 2016, Ontario’s Climate Change Action Plan is a five-year plan that outlines specific actions to help Ontario households and businesses reduce harmful greenhouse gas pollution.
Also in 2016, the federal government worked with provincial and territorial governments to develop the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change, which outlines the Government of Canada’s commitment and plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build resilience to adapt to a changing climate.
The framework builds on the actions taken individually and collectively by provinces and territories, and works to ensure Canadians are engaged in order to strengthen and deepen action on clean growth and climate change. The plan includes a pan-Canadian approach to carbon pricing, measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors, adaptation to climate impacts, and increased technology development and adoption to help Canada move toward a low-carbon economy.
Ongoing research on phosphorus loading reduction technologies and practices
Canada and Ontario continue to invest in research and demonstration initiatives to improve knowledge and understanding of the effectiveness of BMPs for reducing nutrient loss and improving nutrient and water use efficiency in agriculture production. This ongoing research will inform government and the agriculture sector of which actions will lead to the largest reduction in phosphorus loss. Canada and Ontario have also provided funding to demonstrate greenhouse nutrient feedwater recycling, which has led to the adoption of new technologies and reduction of phosphorus loadings to the environment.
One of the most promising research areas relates to the development of innovative practices to capture and store, and in some cases, recover phosphorus from point and non-point sources. In support, Ontario has partnered on an innovative technology competition (the George Barley Water Prize) to reduce and recover phosphorus from water bodies and will host the pilot stage in Ontario to demonstrate cold climate application. Ontario has taken action to maintain its regulation-making authority (under the Ontario Water Resources Act) that enables water quality trading as a potential future tool for managing phosphorus.
Agriculture sector peer-to-peer initiative
Ontario’s farm community is taking action to inform producers about the potential risks associated with spreading nutrients on frozen or snow-covered ground, including the risk this poses to downstream waters.
The Timing Matters Peer Response Team is a peer-to-peer network made of a coalition of farm organizations. The team is listening to help farmers identify practical alternatives to spreading nutrients in the winter on frozen or snow-covered ground, in order to use nutrients more effectively and minimize potential environmental impact on local creeks, rivers and lakes. The emphasis of the team is to remind producers of the risks of nutrient runoff in spring thaw waters resulting from nutrient spreading on frozen or snow-covered ground.
What does Lake Erie need right now?
People will ask,
What’s wrong with Lake Erie?
And what can we do?
What will we tell them?
The more we learn about water
The more obvious it appears
That there is no simple answer
But the right questions make things clear
Excerpt from Aquahacking Youth Delegation Poem (June 2017)
Performance measures for adaptive management
Performance measures track the progress of actions being taken and assess phosphorus loads and water quality to determine the effects of those actions. This information is used to guide management decisions.
For this action plan, the following categories of performance measures will be monitored and reported on:
- reductions to phosphorus loadings
- improvements to lake water quality — blooms, oxygen levels, attached algal growth
- changes to land use and land cover — urban, agricultural, naturalized areas and wetlands
- adoption of agricultural best/beneficial management practices (BMPs) — nutrient management, modeling to assess change in risk of phosphorus loss, measures to manage wastewater
- adoption of municipal BMPs —reduction in loads from water pollution control plants, stormwater improvements and reductions in stormwater loads
Source: Delta Stewardship Council. 2013a
Long description
- BMP
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Best/beneficial management practice
- CEPA
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Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
- COA
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Canada–Ontario Agreement on Great Lakes Water Quality and Ecosystem Health, 2014
- CSO
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Combined sewer overflow
- EFP
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Environmental Farm Plan
- GLASI
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Great Lakes Agricultural Stewardship Initiative
- GLPA
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Great Lakes Protection Act, 2015
- GLWQA
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Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, 2012
- HSG
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Hydrological soil group
- LID
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Low impact development
- PLUARG
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Pollution from Land Use Activities Reference Group
- PSP
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Priority Subwatershed Project
- WWTP
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Wastewater treatment plant
- PWQMN
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Provincial Water Quality Monitoring Network
Glossary
- Adaptive management
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An iterative process through which management objectives, approaches and policies can be adjusted over time for continuous improvement based on monitoring, performance measures, and evolving science and information.
- Bioavailable
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Readily assimilated by plants and algae and used for growth.
- Biophysical characteristics
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The living and non-living environmental factors that influence the growth of biological organisms.
- Best/beneficial management practices
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Proven, practical and affordable approaches to conserving or protecting soil, water and other natural resources in urban and rural areas.
- Cladophora
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An attached algae species that can cause dense mats in standing water, clogging intake pipes as well as fouling shorelines and shing equipment. Cladophora is the primary cause of nuisance algal blooms in Lake Erie’s eastern basin.
- Combined sewer overflow
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A discharge to the environment from a combined sewer system (a single pipe system of sewers that carry both sanitary sewage and stormwater runoff) that usually occurs as a result of a precipitation event when the carrying capacity of the system is exceeded. Combined sewer overflows can contain high levels
of floatables, pathogenic microorganisms, suspended solids, oxygen-demanding organic compounds, nutrients (including phosphorus), oil and grease, toxic contaminants and other pollutants. (Combined sewer systems are designed to allow overflows following intense precipitation events to protect residential, commercial and industrial property from sewer backups.)
- Concentration
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The mass of a substance present in a given volume of water expressed in units such as milligrams per litre.
- Cyanobacteria
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Also called blue-green algae, a type of bacteria that undergoes photosynthesis and thus can be influenced by excessive phosphorus concentrations. An example is Microcystis. Cyanobacteria can produce toxic substances — called cyanotoxins — with the potential to harm humans and other organisms.
- Cyanotoxins
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Toxic biological compounds produced by cyanobacteria such as Microcystis, which produce the toxin microcystin. Cyanotoxins have potentially signicant human health consequences if ingested or through skin exposure and may also be toxic to other organisms.
- Dreissenid mussels
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A collective term used for zebra and quagga mussels, which are non-native, invasive species in the Great Lakes basin.
- Ecosystem components
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Biological organisms and the non-living parts of the environment in which they live (e.g., fish, plants, air, water, soil).
- Ecosystem services
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The natural services provided by a healthy ecosystem. These include provisioning services such as production of food, fiber, timber, oxygen and water; production of pharmaceutical, biochemical and industrial raw materials; regulating services including climate regulation, flood and erosion control, water and air purification, and absorption and storage of gases; ecosystem support services including soil formation, photosynthesis and nutrient cycling, pollinating crops and plants, and dispersing seeds; and cultural services such as creating intellectual, artistic and recreational opportunities, aesthetic enjoyment and spiritual fulllment.
- Effluent
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Discharge from municipal or industrial wastewater treatment plants following treatment.
- Epilimnion
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The oxygen-rich upper layer of water in a stratied lake; see stratication.
- Eutrophication
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Excess nutrient enrichment causing nuisance and harmful algal blooms that in turn can cause low dissolved oxygen levels and associated fish kills.
- Extreme weather event
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A weather event that is unexpected, unusual, severe or unseasonal. Weather at the upper or lower extremes of the historical distribution (typically a 30-year period).
- Food web
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The natural connections between species — what eats what — in a biological community.
- Green infrastructure
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Natural and human-made elements that provide ecological and hydrological functions and processes. Green infrastructure can include components such as natural heritage features and systems, parklands, stormwater management systems, street trees, urban forests, natural channels, engineered wetlands, bioswales, permeable surfaces and green roofs.
- Harmful algal blooms
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See cyanobacteria.
- Hauled sewage
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Hauled sewage (or “septage”) is untreated waste material removed from portable toilets, sewage holding tanks and septic systems.
- Huron-Erie corridor
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The flows from Lake Huron through the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair and the Detroit River. Flows from the Huron-Erie corridor discharge into Lake Erie’s western basin.
- Hypolimnion
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The bottom layer of water in a stratified lake. In the summer, the hypolimnion is colder than surface waters. In the winter, surface waters are frozen or close to freezing, while the hypolimnion is somewhat warmer — typically a few degrees above freezing. The hypolimnion can experience low levels of dissolved oxygen under certain conditions; see stratification.
- Hypoxia
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An area with low levels of oxygen. Late summer hypoxia — the reduction of oxygen to less than two parts per million — occurs naturally in Lake Erie’s central basin due to the stratification of layers by temperature, with the warmer layers on top.
- Lakewide Action and Management Plan
-
Established under the Canada–U.S. Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, 2012, these are lake-specific binational action plans for restoring and protecting Great Lakes ecosystems.
- Legacy sources
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Phosphorus from past activities contained in biological tissues as well as in sediments in lake and stream beds, flood plains and agricultural fields. Legacy sources of phosphorus can be re-mobilized and add to loadings even when current practices are geared to phosphorus reduction.
- Load
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The total mass of a substance delivered to a water body over time expressed in units of mass per unit time, such as tonnes per year. Load is the product of concentration (mass per unit volume) and flow rate (water volume per unit time).
- Low impact development
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Urban stormwater management measures that seek to retain rainwater on the site through collection and infiltration. Examples include rain barrels, green roofs, infiltration trenches, rain gardens and permeable pavement.
- Microcystis
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A genus of cyanobacteria, known to produce the toxin microcystin.
- Microcystin
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Toxins produced by cyanobacteria.
- Multi-barrier approach
-
For this action plan, “multi-barrier” refers to a systems-based approach that implements multiple management practices that work together to reduce phosphorus loading from source to receiving water body.
- Natural heritage features
-
The green infrastructure of the natural environment; see green infrastructure. Natural heritage means features and areas — including wetlands; coastal wetlands; habits of fish, wildlife, threatened species and endangered species; woodlands and valleylands; and areas of natural and scientific interest — that are important due to their environmental and social values as a legacy of the natural landscapes of an area.
- Non-point source
-
Sources of pollution that are many and diffuse, in contrast to point source pollution, which results from a single source. Non-point source pollution generally results from land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage or hydrological modification where tracing the pollution back to a single source is difficult.
- Nuisance algal blooms
-
Blooms of algae such as Cladophora that can cause fish kills (see eutrophication), degrade fish and wildlife habitat, clog water intake pipes, and foul shorelines and fishing equipment but which do not produce toxins.
- Nutrient cycling
-
The natural movement and transformation of nutrients such as phosphorus through soil, water and air, and in different chemical forms.
- Point source
-
Sources of pollution that enter a water body through a pipe or similar outlet, such as a municipal or industrial wastewater treatment plant discharge. Point sources have usually undergone some level of treatment before discharge; an exception is most combined sewer overflows.
- Riparian zone
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The area of land adjacent to tributaries and the lake where vegetation may be influenced by flooding or elevated water tables. A healthy riparian zone provides habitat for a variety of aquatic and terrestrial species. Its complex vegetative structure protects against erosion and can control the runoff of sediment, phosphorus and other pollutants, reducing impacts on water quality under certain conditions.
- Runoff
-
The flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater or other sources flow over the Earth’s surface. This might occur because soil is saturated to full capacity, rain arrives more quickly than soil can absorb it or impervious areas send their runoff to surrounding soil that cannot absorb all of it. Surface runoff is a major component of the water cycle and the primary agent in soil erosion by water.
- Soluble reactive phosphorus
-
Phosphorus in dissolved form. The term “reactive” refers to the reaction of phosphorus with a colour agent during the analysis of phosphate concentrations in a laboratory.
- Stormwater
-
Water that originates during precipitation events and snow or ice melt. Stormwater can soak into the soil, be held on the surface and evaporate, or run off and end up in nearby streams, rivers and other water bodies.
- Stratification
-
The formation of layers in a lake — typically a well-mixed, warmer, oxygen-rich surface layer (epilimnion); a transitional zone (metalimnion or thermocline); and deeper, colder waters that can become oxygen-poor (hypolimnion). Strong winds in spring and fall thoroughly mix the waters of all but the deepest lakes. Stratification occurs in the summer, with a warm layer at the surface overlying colder waters, and in the winter, where colder waters or ice overlie somewhat warmer waters at depth. Shallow lakes may never stratify, or stratification may not persist.
- Wetlands
-
Lands that are seasonally or permanently covered by shallow water, as well as lands where the water table is close to or at the surface. In either case, the presence of abundant water has caused the formation of hydric soils and has favoured the dominance of either hydrophytic plants or water-tolerant plants. The four major types of wetlands are swamps, marshes, bogs and fens.
- Whole-farm approach
-
An approach that considers an entire farming operation. A whole-farm approach considers a farm’s production type (e.g., cropping, livestock), biophysical characteristics (e.g., soil type, slope, proximity to water, woodlots), infrastructure (e.g., wells, manure storages, barns), biodiversity (e.g., wildlife) and management (e.g., nutrient management planning). This approach also seeks to balance these aspects to operate a financially viable operation for the long-term.
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- Date modified: | https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/great-lakes-protection/action-plan-reduce-phosphorus-lake-erie.html |
Loosely translated, liko nā pilina means "Budding (or growing) new partnerships (or relationships)" in the Hawaiian language. We chose this name for the project because our goal is to create hybrid communities to restore degraded Hawaiian lowland wet forest, using both native and non-invasive, non-native species (which we call exotic species). In other words, we are creating new forests using some plants which evolved in Hawai'i and others that have come here from around the world. For example, our plots include Hawaiian ōhi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha) and kōpiko (Psychotria hawaiiensis), as well as kukui (Aleurites moluccana, also known as candlenut in Australia) which arrived in Hawai'i with the Polynesians, and mango (Mangifera indica) which is a much more recent arrival (and is originally from India).
The Hawaiian archipelago, like other oceanic islands, is very susceptible to biological invasions. Because of the archipelago's long isolation, it became home to unique flora and fauna which evolved on the islands. Although Hawaii's native biodiversity was relatively low (especially in comparison to other tropical biomes), the rates of endemism on the islands were very high. With the arrival of humans came a variety of new species and the extinction of some native species. In particular some species which have been introduced have become invasive- that is, they thrive in their new habitat to the extent that they are detrimental to native species and ecological functioning of native ecosystems. Lowland wet forests in Hawai'i have been hit especially hard by human activities and invasive species, to the point where there are very few of these forests left. The forest at our study site, the Keaukaha Military Reservation (KMR), is important because it still has native species in the canopy, particularly ‘ōhi'a, lama (Diospyros sandwicensis) and kōpiko. However, the presence of a multitude of invasive species means that even though the native species are present, there is very limited recruitment of seedlings happening. In other words, while the adults are surviving, few-if-any seedlings are surviving into adulthood. It's a case of 'dead men standing': when the existing adults die, this forest will become wholly made up of exotic and invasive species. Our project has two main goals; the first is to restore the forest in line with the land manager's (KMR) wishes. This means putting together a forest community that minimizes ongoing management costs and effort, enhances carbon storage, creates an open understory and benefits native biodiversity. The second goal is to test hypothesis about community assembly in a complex rainforest environment. To accomplish these goals, the first step was to remove the invasive species from our study plots. While 'weeding' sounds fairly simple and straightforward, things become a little more complicated when your weeds happen to be ~30 meters tall and have multiple trunks which are fairly entangled with other trees in the high canopy!!
The first step was to clear our plots of invasive species- this took us nearly a year to accomplish! The next, and very exciting, step was planting! But how did we choose what species to plant? We used a system based on plant species' functional traits, a series of measurements that can give you an idea of a species' functional role within a given environment. For example, data from leaf chemistry and wood density can tell you what sort of strategy (on the "live fast, die young" - "grow conservatively and slowly" spectrum) a species uses. We also collected data on seed mass (to get an idea of reproductive output/costs/dispersal), light use and water use, etc... In total we looked at 15 traits for nearly 40 species of native and exotic species.
Separating out leaf litter fall by species, litter is buried in mesh containers and left to decompose for 6 months, then retrieved and analyzed by observing the level of decomposition. Larger leaf pieces are picked out of each sample (measured roughly in quadrants and by existing species tag numbers) and finer samples are burned away to analyze leftover material. When organic material is burned off, remaining minerals can be weighed to help determine decomposition levels of specific species and treatments.
Nutrient absorbing beads (primarily measuring nitrogen and phosphorous) are placed inside of mesh pouches and buried in quadrants and by specifically selected out-plant species. These are left under heavy tropical rains for a set period of time where soil nutrient levels are collected and processed later in laboratories. Prior to deployment, bags are constructed and processing material are sanitized through acid washing. Levels of nutrients collected by each sample bag provide information about differing levels of soil nutrients in each quadrant and plot area, to compare plot treatments to controls.
Liko Na Pilina crew and volunteers collect leaf and seed fall samples from each plot monthly, these are processed by weight and species. We measure differences in quantity of litter and seed fall from each species compared with plot treatments. Seeds from native and outplant species are measured over the long term. This contributes to long term plot treatment analysis.
Every cycle, native seedling growth is measured within meter by meter areas in each treatment and control plot. We count seedings of all known native and endemic plant species found within each plot, and compare these against different treatments.
Pilina crew also assists with a guava thrip biocontrol study, light measurement studies, and phrenology among other collaborative projects.
Rebecca Ostertag (University of Hawai'i at Hilo), Susan Cordell (USDA Forest Service at the Institute of Pacific Island Forestry) and Peter Vitousek (Stanford University) are the principal investigators. Other UH Hilo team members include Nicole DiManno, and formerly Jodie Schulten. Other Forest Service staff include Amanda Uowolo and formerly Taite Winthers-Barcelona and Laura Warman. Other Stanford people include Bill Buckley- our chainsaw-meister and artist extraordinaire, and Donnie Rayome, our new postdoc. We’ve had many interns work on the project. Funding was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), which is administered by the Department of Defense (Grant # RC-2117) Importantly, we've had an amazing group of volunteers, visitors and interns without whose help we would not have gotten as far as we have!
We are using a mix of native and exotic species because native species alone (at least in KMR) are unable to maintain their recruitment levels and keep the invasive species out. Previous work at KMR has shown that invasive species quickly recolonize plots after removal. Although maintaining plots relatively weed-free becomes a lot easier after the invasive seed bank is exhausted, this still involves hundreds of intensive people-hours in the field. This is not feasible for KMR either from an ecological or economic perspective. It's not that we don't think native species should be used... we just think restoring this site to a functional forest (which includes native species, and their seedling recruitment) is more feasible if we mix native and exotic species.
Based on species traits, our hypothesis is that using a mixture of species will create a more diverse and complementary "trait space", than if we just used native species. In other words, it will be harder for the invasive species to get a foothold and outcompete the rest of the plants in a "hybrid" community than in a solely native one. This means that our hybrid communities should be able to sustain themselves with a lot less management (after the initial push) than a community made up only of native species. An important thing to mention is that we are not even thinking of introducing new species to the Big Island! All of the species considered have been here for quite some time, have shown not to be invasive here, and, in many cases, are already found in East Hawai’I Island.
October 2015- Seedling studies, established plant measurements on growth, seed input and litterfall, and maintenance have been part of regular Pilina objectives this past year, we have also continued phenology studies, soil decomposition experiment and are now wrapping up the two year count of Ohi'a seeds. The site and crew has managed through several natural disaster warnings and plots remain intact and resilient.
September 2014- We were fortunate that our plots did not receive any damage from Hurricane/Tropical Storm Iselle, and we are a long way from the current lava flow coming from Kilauea volcano. Our first seedling monitoring effort was a great success! The results are in, and we have more than two orders of magnitude of native seedlings per m2 in our treatment plots than in our reference plots. In other words- while in the reference plots there is less than one seedling per square meter, some of our treatment plots have more than 10 seedlings in the same area!
January 2015- Official start of the experiment. All seedlings planted!
Cordell S, et. al. 2016. Quandaries of a decade-long restoration experiment trying to reduce invasive species: beat them, join them, give up, or start over? Restoration Ecology 24(2): 1-6.
Cordell S, et al. 2009. Evaluating barriers to native seedling establishment in an invaded Hawaiian lowland wet forest. Biological Conservation (142): 2997-3004.
Ostertag R, et. al. 2015. Using plant functional traits to restore Hawaiian rainforest. Journal of Applied Ecology 52(5): 805-809.
Ostertag R, et al. 2009. Ecosystem and restoration consequences of invasive woody species removal in Hawaiian lowland wet forest. Ecosystems (12): 503-515.
Restoring Ecosystems Services Tool, or REST for short, is an analytical software designed for use by Biology researchers and land resource managers to assist in restoring or developing local ecosystem functions.
REST uses functional trait analysis to process plant species data that can help users to develop plot treatments similar to those found at Liko Na Pilina experimental site, using climate appropriate and complimentary native and exotic plant species.
To get involved or learn more about the project contact here. | https://hilo.hawaii.edu/faculty/ostertag/LikoNaPilina/index.php?page=2 |
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Questions/Answers from Past Papers
There are 10 parts to this Question.
For each of the parts (a) to (j) below there are four possible answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and place a tick (✓) at the correct answer.
(a) Why does the owner of a business calculate profit?
(b) What is another name for a copy of a customer’s account in the sales ledger when it is
sent to the customer?
(c) It is important to match a business’s expenses to the appropriate accounting period.
Why is this?
(d) Paul returns goods previously purchased on credit from Peter.
Where will this transaction be recorded in Peter’s accounting records?
(e) A business made a loss for the year.
What effect would this have on the balance sheet?
(f) Which item would appear in a partnership income statement?
(g) A limited company has issued debentures.
Which statement is correct?
(h) Which is not used to calculate cost of production?
(i) Which is the best indicator of the liquidity of a business?
(j) Suzanne’s financial year ends on 31 December.
She carried forward the closing inventory on 31 December 2010 so it became the
opening inventory at the start of the following financial year.
Which accounting principle is Suzanne applying?
(a) Give two examples of a current asset.
(b) State the accounting equation.
(c) Mikhail rents a workshop for his car repair business. In the table below, place a tick (✓)
under the correct heading to show whether his expenditure is capital or revenue.
(d) Name the section of the ledger in which you would find the following accounts:
(i) a customer's account;
(ii) the provision for bad debt account.
(e) (i) Susie’s trial balance does not balance. Give one example of an error which may have been made.
(ii) Japo has bought inventory for $1000 but this has been entered in his books as
$1100. Name the error which has been made.
(f) For the year ended 30 September 2011 Ahern’s business had sales of $125000, cost
of sales of $85000 and expenses of $15000.
Calculate Ahern's percentage of net profit to sales. Show your workings.
(g) Arthur’s cash book showed a debit balance of $2400 on 30 September 2011. He
received a bank statement dated 30 September 2011 showing that cheques issued to
the amount of $860 had not been presented for payment.
Calculate the balance shown on the bank statement at 30 September 2011.
(h) Farling Limited has issued share capital of 120000 ordinary shares of $0.25 each and
10000 preference shares of $1.00 each.
State the amount of share capital shown in the company balance sheet.
Moloch has a furniture store and sells goods for cash and on credit. He puts the cash
receipts in his cash box and enters them into his three-column cash book each week. He
offers a cash discount of 2½% to his credit customers for payment within 15 days.
He buys inventory in bulk from a wholesaler for cash and receives trade discount of 4% for
orders in excess of $1500.
He pays staff wages each week in cash.
On 1 October 2011 Moloch’s cash book showed cash in hand of $650 and cash at bank of
$3200.
Moloch had the following transactions for the first week of October 2011. He writes up his
cash book and ledger each week.
REQUIRED
(a) Make the necessary entries in Moloch’s cash book on the following page to record the
above transactions for the week ended 7 October 2011.
(b) From the information given above, and the entries in the cash book, write up the
accounts in Moloch’s ledger below to record the transactions for the week.
(c) From the information given above, and the entries in the cash book, write up the
accounts in Moloch’s ledger below to record the transactions for the week.
Moloch had trade receivables of $8200 at 31 October 2011 and is concerned that some of
his credit customers may not pay their outstanding debts.
He proposes to create a provision for doubtful debts of 5% of his trade receivables.
REQUIRED
(d) Explain what is meant by a provision for doubtful debts. | https://genrica.com/CIES_IGCSE_Accounting0452.aspx |
Mark Glennon has pointed out many notable economists have nothing but bad things to say about public pension practice:
First, there’s William F. Sharpe, a Stanford professor who won 1990 Nobel Prize for Economics for his work in developing models to aid investment decisions. The Financial Analysts Journal interviewed him last year. Here’s what he said:
“Is this a disaster? You bet…. It’s a crisis of epic proportions…. [Pensions] value liabilities at 7.5% or 8% on the grounds that they are pretty sure they’ll earn that in the long run. This is crazy. It gets even worse. Because they want to minimize the reported value of the liabilities, they want to use a high discount rate, and in order to justify it, they have to build really risky portfolios. Consequently, they believe that one of the great things to do is put money in private equity, or maybe a hedge fund, because then they can assume an extra 300 or 400 bps of expected return for an illiquidity premium (or just because hedge fund managers are so smart). So, the tail wags the dog.”
…..
Second, there’s Eugene Fama from the University of Chicago, often called “the father of modern finance.” He won the 2013 Nobel for his work on financial markets. He was interviewed a year and a half ago by Chicago Magazine.
….
“States discount their liabilities—I think Illinois uses a discount of 7.5 percent [it’s in fact between 7 and 8]—arguing that’s the expected [annual] return on their portfolio. But the expected return on a portfolio is totally irrelevant. What counts is, How risky are the claims that you have to meet? You’ve made a promise to your employees that you’ll pay them a certain fraction of their income that is usually indexed. Which means it’s a risk-free real outcome. What’s the risk-free real rate? Is it anywhere near 7.5 percent? It isn’t. Historically, it’s like 2 percent. A 2 percent discount rate would approximately triple Illinois’s pension liabilities.”
I’ve added emphasis.
Yesterday, I mentioned the incentive to pile on risks in the assets, to try to change higher returns.
Rather than get into all the theory as to what the appropriate discount rate should be (something I’m tired of arguing about even with other actuaries (especially with other actuaries)), and what discount rates are actually used (for now), let me explain how discount rates work in valuing pension liabilities.
VIDEO INTERLUDE
Here is a video from Khan Academy explaining the concept of present value, if you prefer video explanation:
There is a series of four videos on discounted cash flows from Salman Khan. Those who like words can read below.
PRESENT VALUE OF FUTURE CASH FLOW
Let us suppose that you promise to pay $1000 to somebody one year in the future.
How much is that promise worth today?
If we assume you can set aside some money $PV right now, and it earns interest rate i over the year, the amount in one year would be $PV x (1 + i) = 1000.
So the Present Value of $1000 would be 1000 / (1 + i).
Let’s put in some actual numbers here so you can see the effect of interest rate choice. To make things simple, I’m going to use the same interest rates for all my examples: 0%, 5%, and 10%.
The 0% interest rate is the easiest to understand. It means we earn no interest/return on assets saved, so the present value is always the same as the future value. So we’d get $1000.
The 5% interest rate means we calculate 1000 / (1 + 5%) = 1000/1.05 = $952
The 10% interest rate means we get 1000 / (1 + 10%) = 1000/1.10 = $909
Let’s make a little table:
- 0%: $1000
- 5%: $952
- 10%: $909
I’m rounding to the nearest dollar for simplicity.
Things to note:
- The present value is less than or equal to the future value (and equal to only when interest rate is 0%)
- We call the present value a discounted value of the future value, and so the interest rate is called the discount rate
- The higher the discount rate, the lower the present value
- If you double the discount rate, that does not mean the present value is halved.
Let me put up a graph of the present value of $1000 one year from now.
MULTIPLE YEARS IN THE FUTURE
What if it’s not $1000 in one year, but $1000 ten years from now?
If we put in $PV now, then we get PV x (1 + i)^10 — that’s compound interest.
So if we solve for $PV = 1000 / (1 + i)^10
Let’s do a table:
- 0%: $1000
- 5%: $614
- 10%: $386
Where we had small dollar amount differences for a one year discounting, now that we’re discounting for 10 years, the differences in discount rate make for extremely different results.
Let’s update our graph to compare the ten-year present value to the one-year present value.
You can really see the difference in results.
This is key when thinking about pensions, as we have multiple cash flows in the future, not just a single cash flow.
MULTIPLE CASH FLOWS
Let us suppose that instead of getting the $1000 all at once, you get $100 each year for ten years, starting one year from now. So you will ultimately get $1000 in total, but just doled out over time. The “easy” way to understand this is to discount each individual cash flow from when it is paid to now, and then add up all the results. There is an entire actuarial exam on all the things that result from this concept.
I did the calculation, and here is the table for comparison:
- 0%: $1000
- 5%: $772
- 10%: $614
Thinking this through, the result should be something between the 1-year and 10-year results. Just thinking of getting all the cash at the beginning, which is going to give you the highest value because you get the cash the earliest, and if you get all the cash at the end of the period, you will get the lowest value.
The graph shows the results:
Notice that the shape of the curve for multiple, identical payments is very similar to the exponential shape of the other two graphs. That is the effect of discounting, and because of this “family” of functions, one can approximate the change in discount rate for a pension fund by estimating what is called the duration of the cash flows, and using that as the number of years to discount.
I don’t want to get into all that math, but that’s essentially what external entities have done, specifically Joshua Rauh has done when he makes “adjusted” valuation of public pensions.
Here is Professor Rauh:
Here is one of his working papers (with Robert Novy-Marx) on the matter. If you want a piece of the actuarial argument on the matter, you can look here.
I think that’s enough for math-y takes.
THE PRACTICAL EFFECT OF THE DISCOUNT RATE
Essentially, the higher the discount rate, the lower the liability looks.
The farther into the future the discounted cash flow occurs, the even heavier it is discounted, and a small change in discount rate can make a huge difference in present value.
But let us consider the meaning of the choice of discount rates for public pensions. From an archived post I wrote in 2010:
- the discount rates don’t change the real, ultimate costs of the pensions. The cashflows are what they are….when they materialize decades down the line.
- what discount rates can do is shift the costs to a different generation of taxpayers…that’s assuming each year the proper payment as per the valuation is made. Which in many cases, it hasn’t been.
- if the discount rate is too low, then current taxpayers may be paying way too much for current public employee services for their future retirement. The lower the discount rate, the higher the obligation looks. Given the incentives, it is not common nowadays to hear of the discount rate being too low.
- if the discount rate is too high, then the cost of current service retirement benefits are being pushed off to later taxpayers who did not benefit from said service. If the rate is too high, then contributions will generally be too low during the time service is provided, and later one finds “unexpected” larger and larger payments required to meet cashflow needs during retirement. This is one of the elements of a public pensions death spiral.
…..
FURTHER: Even [Mayor] Bloomberg has a dose of reality here – making the assumed return too high asks for all sorts of trouble. For example, instead of using fixed income investments to match the guaranteed cashflows, getting involved in riskier and more exotic investments….which are more likely to fail. High volatility assets to back low volatility liabilities: not a good idea. But that’s not the only possible trouble.
At some point, if the discount rate is out of line with reality, the money starts to be insufficient. And current taxpayers have to cough up the dough. Except it will be at a time when they’re less and less amused with the prospect.
You see I’m talking about perverse incentives then, even before I knew about the alternative asset play pensions were making.
I wrote that back in 2010. Many taxpayers are getting unamused with higher taxes to pay for benefits that were earned decades ago.
The term intergenerational equity is thrown around a lot when it comes to public pensions, and it essentially means the current public should pay for benefits earned currently, even if those benefits get paid out decades in the future. If the current generation does not put aside enough money to pay for those future benefits (i.e., underfunding the pensions), then the assumption is the future generation will pay.
The argument is usually from the point of view of “fairness”, but fairness is a slippery concept. I have heard all sorts of arguments that it’s fair for current taxpayers to pay cash right now for somebody who retired in the 1980s. So forget about fair.
My argument is that of safety for the retiree: if you’re a retired public employee, you can’t strike. If you’re a retired public employee, you may have moved somewhere else entirely, and thus have little political pull in the entity where you had earned your pension. Your political leverage is fairly low.
So if the pension fund runs dry because it was underfunded for those years in which you, the retired public employee, earned those benefits… you’re going to have a hard time getting current taxpayers, who may not have even been born when you had earned your benefits, to pay for the benefits now.
This is where they run into the legal arguments, but there is a limit to the law and a limit to how much can be squeezed out of taxpayers.
Many ex-leaders learned the hard way about that.
Related Posts
Public Pensions Watch: Sometimes Politicians Do the Right Thing
The Kentucky Pension Mess: Ain't Getting Cleaned Up Now
Calpers Craziness: A Performance Review... and an Investigation? | http://stump.marypat.org/article/281/public-pensions-primer-how-discount-rates-work |
The following is a review of the Analysis of Fixed Income Investments principles designed to address. the coupon payments and. (coupon and zero-coupon). CFA.The resolution uses the Newton method, based on the formula used for the function PRICE.Make an Excel formula to say if a bond is sold at discount,.
To calculate the accrued interest on a zero coupon bond,. such as a negotiable Certificate of Deposit.
Learn how to calculate the yield of a bond and how the yield curve effect works in Chapter 3 of Advanced Bond Buying Strategies and Concepts.
This narrated PPT describes how a zero coupon bond works, along with an example of how to calculate the yield to maturity.
Zeros, as they are sometimes called, are bonds that pay no coupon or interest payment.If a bond has a fixed coupon rate, the formula above can be modified as follows:.
What is the discount factor formula for a coupon. but I am not sure whether you know how to determine the zero rates once you have the formula. zero coupon.The Bond Yield to Maturity Calculator computes YTM with bond characteristics such as value.For formulas to show results, select them, press F2, and then press Enter.The formula for coupon rate will be given, along with a calculation.Zero-coupon CDs do not bear interest, but are issued at a substantial.Yield to maturity of a zero coupon bond IRR of an investment opportunity is the from FIN 300 at University of Wisconsin.Investors are rushing into the riskiest and most volatile corner of the U.S. government bond market in search of bigger returns, as worries about higher interest.
The online Zero Coupon Bond Calculator is used to calculate the zero coupon bond value.For those investors who do not like to tinker with their portfolios on a regular basis but who do like the assurance of getting a.The issue date would be January 1, 2008, the settlement date would be July 1, 2008, and the maturity date would be January 1, 2038, which is 30 years after the January 1, 2008, issue date.
For example, suppose a 30-year bond is issued on January 1, 2008, and is purchased by a buyer six months later.A zero coupon bond is alternatively called a deep discount bond or more informally a zero. | http://kambil.tk/nepix/zero-coupon-cd-formula-ses.php |
Posted: November 28th, 2015
Show all work:
1. You decide to begin saving towards the purchase of a new car in 5 years. If you put $1,000 at the end of each of the next 5 years in a savings account paying 6% compounded annually, how much will you accumulate after 5 years?
2. James Smith has a 4-year ordinary annuity that pays $1,000 per year and has an interest rate of 6%.
a. Calculate the future value of this ordinary annuity. b. Assuming this was an annuity due, calculate the future value of this annuity.
3. You have contacted a number of car dealerships to determine the best interest rate on a new automobile loan. A Ford dealership has quoted you a 5-year, 10% loan in the amount of $35,000 that will require monthly payments.
a. What is the monthly loan payment? b. What will be the loan‘s effective annual interest rate (EAR)?
4. Marcus has won the grand prize in a lottery and must choose between the following three options:
a. Receive a lump sum payment of $9,000,000. b. Receive annual end of the year payments of $1,000,000 for the next 12 years.
c. Receive annual end of the year payments of $1,500,000 for the next 8 years.
d. Which option should Marcus choose based on an annual investment rate of 8%?
5. How much money does Kristi need to have in her retirement savings account today if she wishes to withdraw $25,000 per year for 30 years? She expects to earn an average rate of 8%.
6. What is the future value of $4,900 invested for 8 years at 7 percent compounded semiannually?
7. In 2005, soccer player David Beckham signed a contract reported to be worth $51 million. The contract called for $2 million immediately and $10 million in 2006. The remaining $39 million was to be paid as $9 million in 2007, $7 million in 2008, $6 million in 2009, $5 million in 2010, $4 million in 2011 and in 2012, $2 million in 2013, and $1 million in 2014 and 2015. Assuming all the payments, except the first $2 million are paid at the end of each year and the discount rate is 9%, what kind of deal did the soccer player snag?
8. What is the present value of the following set of cash flows at a 10% discount rate? Year 1 2 3 4 Cash Flow $600 –$600 $600 –$600
9. What is the future value of the set of cash flows (from the previous problem) 4 years from now? Assume an interest rate of 10%.
10. Starting today, George is going to contribute $300 on the first of each month to his retirement account. His employer will contribute an additional 50% of the amount George contributes. If both George and his employer continue to do this and he can earn a monthly rate of .68%, how much will George have in his retirement account 35 years from now?
Place an order in 3 easy steps. Takes less than 5 mins. | https://www.thecollegepapers.com/101260-2/ |
A mid-year discount is a term used in a DCF analysis to discount future cash flows to a present value. The basic method of discounting cash flows is to use the formula:
- Cash Flow / (1 + Discount Rate)^(Year-Current Year)
The problem with the standard method is that it discounts the future value too much. It assumes that the entire value of cash flow for a given year comes in at the very end of that year, and therefore should be discounted accordingly. This is inaccurate as the cash will be flowing in over the full year. To account for this, a mid-year discount is used to assume that all the cash comes in halfway through the year to average it out. To do this, the following formula is used:
- Cash Flow / (1+Discount Rate)^((Year-Current Year)-0.5)
For example, if the current year is 2011 and we wish to work out the net present value of the cash flow in 2015 with a discount rate of 10% and an estimated cash flow of $1000 per year, the process would be as follows:
- 2015 is the 4th year in the future
- The general formula would be 1000 / 1.1^4 = $683
- This method assumes all the cash for 2015 comes in on the 31st December 2015 whereas in reality, it comes in throughout the year
- We use a mid-year discount to say that that cash flow will come in, on average, in 3.5 years time
- The new formula is 1000 / 1.1^3.5 = $716
As shown, this method for how to calculate a mid-year discount makes quite a large difference, especially when summing up cash flows for multiple years into the future.
To learn more about this concept and become a master at DCF modeling, you should check out our DCF Modeling Course. Learn more here. | https://www.wallstreetoasis.com/mid-year-discount-definition |
Interest Rate Swap Fixed Legs
Now that we know the basic terminology and structure of a vanilla interest rate swap we can now look at constructing fixed legs of our swap by first building our date schedule, then calculating the fixed coupon amounts.
For our example swap we will be using the following inputs:
- Notional: $1,000,000 USD
- Coupon Frequency: Semi-Annual
- Fixed Coupon Amount: 1.24%
- Floating Coupon Index: 6 month USD LIBOR
- Business Day Convention: Modified Following
- Fixed Coupon Daycount: 30/360
- Floating Coupon Daycount: Actual/360
- Effective Date: Nov 14, 2011
- Termination Date: Nov 14, 2016
- We will be valuing our swap as of November 10, 2011.
Swap Coupon Schedule
First we need to create our schedule of swap coupon dates. We will start from our maturity date and step backwards in semi-annual increments. The first step is to generate our schedule of non-adjusted dates.
Then we adjust our dates using the modified following business day convention.
Note that all the weekend coupon dates have been brought forward to the next Monday.
Swap Fixed Coupon Amounts
To calculate the amount for each fixed coupon we do the following calculation:
Fixed Coupon = Fixed Rate x Time x Swap Notional Amount
Where:
Fixed Rate = The fixed coupon amount set in the swap confirmation.
Time = Year portion that is calculated by the fixed coupons daycount method.
Swap Notional = The notional amount set in the swap confirmation.
Below is our date schedule with the Time portion calculated using the 30/360 daycount convention. More on daycounts can be found in this document titled Accrual and Daycount conventions.
Note the coupons which are not exactly a half-year due to the business day convention. If our business day convention was no-adjustment all the time periods would have been 0.5. This is a difference between swaps and bonds, as bonds will generally not adjust the coupon amounts for business day conventions, they will simply be 1/(# coupon periods per year) x coupon rate x principal.
The coupon amount for our first coupon will be 1.24% x 1,000,000 x 0.50 = $6,200.00. Below are the coupon amounts for all of the coupons.
Now that we know our coupon amounts, to find the current fair value of the fixed leg we would present value each coupon and sum them to find the total present value of our fixed leg. To do this we calculate the discount factor for each coupon payment using a discount factor curve which represents our swap curve. We will build our discount factor curve later in this tutorial series.
Thanks to our sister company Resolution for providing us with this series of posts. | https://www.hedgebookpro.com/resources/interest-rate-swap-part-2-of-5-fixed-legs/ |
# Net D
Net 10, net 15, net 30 and net 60 (often hyphenated "net-" and/or followed by "days", e.g., "net 10 days") are forms of trade credit which specify that the net amount (the total outstanding on the invoice) is expected to be paid in full by the buyer within 10, 15, 30 or 60 days of the date when the goods are dispatched or the service is completed. Net 30 or net 60 terms are often coupled with a credit for early payment.
The word net in this sense means "total after all discounts". It originally derives from the Latin nitere (to shine) and nitidus (elegant, trim), and more recently from the French net (sharp, neat, clean).
## Examples
The notation "net 30" indicates that full payment is expected within 30 days. If a $1000 invoice has the terms "net 30", the buyer must pay the full $1000 within 30 days. The notation "2% 10, net 30" indicates that a 2% discount can be taken by the buyer only if payment is received in full within 10 days of the date of the invoice, and that full payment is expected within 30 days, For example, if a $1000 invoice has the terms, "2% 10, net 30", the buyer can take a 2% discount ($1000 x .02 = $20) and make a payment of $980 within 10 days or pay the full $1000 within 30 days.
## Usage
Net 30 is a term that most business and municipalities (federal, state, and local) use in the United States. net 10 and net 15 are widely used as well, especially for contractors and service-oriented business (as opposed to those that deal with tangible goods). Net 60 is not used as frequently due to its longer payment term.
Legally speaking, net 30 means that buyer will pay seller in full on or before the 30th calendar day (including weekends and holidays) of when the goods were dispatched by the seller or the services were fully provided. Transit time is included when counting the days, i.e. a purchase in transit for 7 days before receipt has just 23 additional days until payment is due to the seller. Net 30 payment terms typically have an interest penalty for not meeting these terms and they begin accruing on the 31st day after dispatch. The same happens with net 60, but 60 days are given for payment, interest penalties begin on the 61st day and thus a purchase in transit for 7 days has now 53 days until payment is due to the seller.
In certain markets such as the United Kingdom, a construction such as "net 30, end of the month" or "Net Monthly Account" indicates that payment in full is expected by the end of the month following the month of the invoice. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_30_days |
What is wrong with this animation?
Collector efficiency is expressed as the ratio of solar energy collected divided by the solar energy available.
Insolation is a term used to express the solar energy available.
Photovoltaic systems express this energy in terms of (kW hr/(m²·day).
Solar collector efficiency is calculated in terms of BTU/ft²·day. Insolation varies according to geographic location, time of day, time of year, landscape, weather and orientation. On a clear sunny day in an average area on our planet the amount of direct solar energy available to 1 m² per hour is 1KW. This is a good thing to know if your calculating PV efficiency but we’ll be calculating collector efficiency so well be more interested in the amount of heat available. For solar heat energy available our rule of thumb we’ll be based on the assumption that 300 BTU/ft²/hr are available on a sunny day..
300 BTU/ft²/hr is a bit high for most seacoast areas, but if you live on the south side of a mountain in Montana 300 BTU/ft²/hr is believable.
Under this assumption calculate the the solar energy available to collectors with a surface area of 1000 ft² perpendicular to the sun's rays over a period of 1 hr. ???
ANS: If your answer to this question is 300,000 BTU's of heat energy available to a surface 1000 ft²per hour you understand the concept.
So if our 1000 ft² array of collectors has an efficiency of 100% we would be able to collect 300,000 BTU's of heat per hour BUT of course a 100% efficiency rating is impossible. The intensity of sunlight striking collectors is often the most important factor involved in heat gain but it is not the only factor. Collector efficiency is also important. To measure collector efficiency you'll need at least one thermometer capable of handling high temperatures. You'll also need to estimate the flow rate of your pump.
I use a 5 gallon pale and a stop watch to calculate flow rate in an open loop system. For a closed loop system you’ll have to rely on the manufactures specifications. Once you know the flow rate all you need to do is monitor the change in storage temperature over a period of time. Heat collected equals the rise in storage temp (T2-T1) (weight of the water). One gallon of water weighs 8.3 lbs.
OK! Ready for another problem"
This rough estimate of collector efficiency may be all you need BUT efficiency will vary with ambient temperature, differential temperature between collector and storage and flow rate. Since our flow rate remains constant our main concern should be the ambient temperature and the differential temperature (T1-T2). Just knowing the collector input temperature and the collector output temperature will give us T1 and T2. Now all we'll need is a pyranometer to verify sunlight intensity on the collector. With this rough calculation all we could do is guess at the solar flux intensity but with the aid of a pyranometer we would know the sunlight intensity and be free to measure collector efficiency under a variety of weather conditions. | http://jc-solarhomes.com/collector_efficiency.htm |
problem: Make statement of cash flows [indirect method] using balance sheet information following are comparative balance sheets for Millco, Inc., at January 31 and February 28, 2009:
MILLCO, INC. Balance Sheets February 28 and January 31, 2009
Assets
February 28
January 31
Cash
$42,000
$37,000
Accounts Receivable
64,000
53,000
Merchandise inventory
81,000
94,000
Total current assets
$187,000
$184,000
Plant and Equipment:
Production Equipment
166,000
152,000
Less : Accumulated depreciation
(24,000)
(21,000)
Total assets
$329,000
$315,000
Liabilities
Accounts Payable
$41,000
Short-term debt
44,000
Other accrued liabilities
21,000
24,000
Total Current liabilities
$102,000
$109,000
Long- term debt
33,000
46,000
Total Liabilities
$135,000
$155,000
Owner's Equity
Common Stock, no par value, 40,000 shares authorized, 30,000 and 28,000
Shares issued , respectively
$104,000
$96,000
Retained earnings:
Beginning Balance
$64,000
$43,000
Net income for month
36,000
29,000
Make a statement of cash flows that describe the change that occurred in cash during the month. You may assume that the change in each balance sheet amount is due to a single event [for ex, the change in the amount of production equipment is not the result of both a purchase and sale of equipment]. [Suggestion: Determine the purpose of the statement of cash flows? How is this purpose accomplished?]
Basic Finance, Finance
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Write us your full requirement for evaluation and you will receive response within 20 minutes turnaround time. | http://www.mywordsolution.com/question/make-a-statement-of-cash-flows-that-describe-the/919493 |
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act : Internal Revenue Code section 501R Statement of Compliance with AGB (Amounts Generally Billed) Requirements
IRC Section 501(r)(5) requires that hospitals limit charges for emergency and other medically necessary care provided to individuals eligible for financial assistance to be no more than amounts generally billed (AGB) to insured individuals.
Our facility uses the “look back” method to calculate AGB. Under this method, we reviewed all paid insurance, Medicare fee for service and Medicaid claims for a 12 month period ending 11/30/2018. The “look back” review determined that the average discount totaled 82.65% of hospital charges.
The uninsured discount rate of 89% is applied to all uninsured patient accounts. The minimum amount that we charge uninsured patients is lower than the amount generally billed (AGB) to insurance. Additional discounts for patients who receive financial assistance under our policy would be greater than or equal to the uninsured rate. We test this threshold annually to ensure ongoing compliance with this requirement. | https://sahealth.com/patients-visitors/notice-to-patients-amounts-generally-billed |
This is the third in a series of articles that will go from the basics about interest rate swaps, to how to value them and how to build a zero curve.
Interest Rate Swap Example
For our example swap we will be using the following inputs:
In the previous article we generated our schedule of coupon dates and calculated our fixed coupon amounts.
Calculating Forward Rates
To calculate the amount for each floating coupon we do the following calculation:
Floating Coupon = Forward Rate x Time x Swap Notional Amount
Where:
Forward Rate = The floating rate determined from our zero curve (swap curve)Time = Year portion that is calculated by the floating coupons daycount method.Swap Notional = The notional amount set in the swap confirmation.
In the next couple articles we will go through the process of building our zero curve that will be used for the swap pricing. In the meantime we will use the following curve to calculate our forward rates and discount our cashflows.
The numbers at each date reflect the time value of money principle and reflect what $1 in the future is worth today for each given date.
Let's look at our first coupon period from Nov 14, 2011 to May 14, 2012. To calculate the forward rate which is expressed as a simple interest rate we use the following formula:where:Solving for R
In our example we divide the discount factor for May 14, 2012 by the discount factor for Nov 14, 2011 to calculate DF.
0.9966889 / 0.9999843 = 0.9967046T is calculated using Actual/360. The number of days in our coupon period is 182. 182/360 = 0.505556R = (1 - 0.9967046) / (0.9967046 x 0.505556) = 0.654%Our first coupon amount therefore is:
$ 3,306.33 = 0.654% x 0.505556 x $1,000,000
Below is a table with our forward rate calculations & floating coupon amounts for the rest of our coupons.
The final step to calculate a fair value for our complete swap is to present value each floating coupon amount and fixed coupon amount using the discount factor for the coupon date.
Our net fair value of this swap is $ 0.00 as of November 10, 2011.
So far in this tutorial we have gone through basic swap terminology, fixed leg coupon calculations, calculating forward rates for floating leg coupon calculations and discounted our cashflows to value a swap.
For more information see our pricing plans.
ResolutionPro is a derivative pricing library which supports the valuation, risk management and hedge accounting of derivatives & other financial instruments.
You can try ResolutionPro right now on a free trial basis. | http://www.derivativepricing.com/blogpage.asp?id=6 |
How do you calculate discounted cash flows?
The following steps are required to arrive at a DCF valuation:
- Project unlevered FCFs (UFCFs)
- Choose a discount rate.
- Calculate the TV.
- Calculate the enterprise value (EV) by discounting the projected UFCFs and TV to net present value.
- Calculate the equity value by subtracting net debt from EV.
- Review the results.
How is discounted value calculated?
Dn = 1 / (1+r)n
- Dn is the Discounting factor.
- r is the Discounting rate.
- n is the number of periods in discounting.
How do you calculate discounted cash flow from NPV?
The DCF method makes it clear how long it would take to get returns. The NPV = Cash inflow(s) value – Cash outflow(s) value. The DCF = Investors’ most reliable tool.
How do you calculate NPV in DCF?
Example of DCF The WACC incorporates the average rate of return that shareholders in the firm are expecting for the given year. If we add up all of the discounted cash flows, we get a value of $13,306,727. Subtracting the initial investment of $11 million, we get a net present value (NPV) of $2,306,727.
How do you calculate discount cash flow in Excel?
– (Free Cash Flow in Year 5 * Terminal Value growth rate) / (discount rate – Terminal Value growth) – We know the free cash flow from Year 5 in the previous section. – The terminal growth rate is the long term growth rate that you assume for every year forever. – We haven’t talked about the discount rate yet. That’s in the next section.
How to calculate a discounted cash flow?
CFt = cash flow Cash Flow Cash Flow is the amount of cash or cash equivalent generated&consumed by a Company over a given period.
How to calculate the discount factor of cash flows?
Calculate the cash flows for the asset and timeline that is in which year they will follow.
How to discount cash flows in Excel?
One of the main elements of discounted cash flow valuation,i.e. | https://www.thelittleaussiebakery.com/how-do-you-calculate-discounted-cash-flows/ |
Discount rate formula finance
This discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis requires that the reader supply a discount rate. In the blog post, we suggest using discount values of around 10% for public SaaS companies, and around 15-20% for earlier stage startups, leaning towards a higher value, the more risk there is to the startup being able to execute on it’s plan going forward. The creditor receives the proceeds (present value) of the loan today. Finding the present value or discounting, as it is commonly called, is not simply the reverse of finding the future value by the interest formula. A simple discount rate, r, is applied to the final amount FV and results in the formula where, D = simple discount on an amount FV Discount Rate. The Discount Rate, i%, used in the discount factor formulas is the effective rate per period.It uses the same basis for the period (annual, monthly, etc.) as used for the number of periods, n.If only a nominal interest rate (rate per annum or rate per year) is known, you can calculate the discount rate using the following formula: The currently calculated annual payment is the minimal required annual contribution to save 100,000.00 in 15 years based on the 6% annually-compounded discount rate. The currently calculated monthly payment is the minimal required monthly contribution to save 100,000.00 in 180 months [or 15 years] based on the 0.5% monthly-compounded discount rate. Determining the appropriate discount rate is a key area of judgement. 1.1 Key facts Lessors IFRS 16.63(d), 68 A lessor uses the interest rate implicit in the lease for the purposes of lease classification and to measure the net investment in a finance lease. IFRS 16.A The interest rate ‘implicit’ in the lease is the discount rate at which:
The discount rate is the investment rate of return that is applied to the present value calculation. In other words, the discount rate would be the forgone rate of return if an investor chose to
There are 4 parts to this equation: the present value (PV), the future value (FVt), the discount rate (r) and life of the investment (t). If we are given 3 of these factors It is used to calculate the net present value of future cash flows from a project and to compare this amount to the initial investment. The discount factor used in Net Present Value (NPV) is a financial analytical method that aggregates a series of discounted cash flows into present day values. It recognizes that, given a In finance, the discount rate has different meanings, some important ones It is rather an implication of the calculations of present value, like NPV or DCF. 8 Oct 2018 The Net Present Value tells you the net return on your investment, after accounting for startup costs. Both calculations examine your small If you concede the usage of your money to someone, in other words, if you lend money to someone or put it into someones's investment project, you should 17 Aug 2016 Textbook theory says calculating discount rate should be done using the The formula for WACC is a company's percentage equity financing
8 Oct 2018 The Net Present Value tells you the net return on your investment, after accounting for startup costs. Both calculations examine your small
3 Sep 2019 That's what the DCF equation does; it translates future cash flows that you will likely receive from an investment into their present value to you Discount Rate Formula - Discount rate is an interest rate a Central Bank charges depository institutions that borrow reserves from it. This Formula is used to calculate "Principal Future Value" and, how much future value is will be taken as interest. For instance, use of the Fed's discount window soared in late 2007 and 2008, as financial conditions deteriorated sharply and the central bank took steps to inject liquidity into the financial system. In August 2007, the Board of Governors cut the primary discount rate from 6.25% to 5.75%,
The IRR can be defined as the discount rate which, when applied to the cash flows of a project, produces a net present value (NPV) of nil. This discount rate can
The discount rate element of the NPV formula is used to account for the difference between the value-return on an investment in the future and the money to be invested in the present. In corporate finance, a discount rate is the rate of return used to discount future cash flows back to their present value. This rate is often a company’s Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), required rate of return, or the hurdle rate that investors expect to earn relative to the risk of the investment. Discounting refers to adjusting the future cash flows to calculate the present value of cash flows and adjusted for compounding where the discounting formula is one plus discount rate divided by a number of year’s whole raise to the power number of compounding periods of the discounting rate per year into a number of years.
The Net Present Value (NPV) criterion is the principal government investment project evaluation Where: NPV, t = year, B = benefits, C = cost, i=discount rate. | https://platformmflcvbj.netlify.app/siruta3731coq/discount-rate-formula-finance-lus.html |
However, this does not account for the time value of money, which says payments are worth less and less the further into the future they exist. That’s why the present value of an annuity formula is a useful tool. The accuracy of any NPV calculation basically depends on the accuracy of the values you use for your discount rate and your future cash inflows. In corporate finance, a firm’s weighted-average cost of capital is often used to determine the discount rate. In simpler situations, you can usually just use the return rate on a savings account, stock investment, etc. that you might put your money in instead of making the investment you’re analyzing.
How do I calculate the present value of a single amount?
To solve the problem presented above, first, determine the future value of $1,000 invested at 12%. Then, divide that number by 1 plus your desired interest rate. So, in this case, you’d divide $2,000 by (1 + 0.12), Which is 2.24%.
The present value formula discounts the future value of a cash flow received in the future to the estimated amount it would be worth today given its specific risk profile. Present value provides a basis for assessing the fairness of any future financial benefits or liabilities.
Example: Calculating the Amount of an Ordinary Annuity
If offered a choice to receive a certain sum of money right now or defer the payment into the future, which would you choose? In the financial world, this is explained by the time value of money concept.
A positive NPV results in profit, while a negative NPV results in a loss. The NPV measures the excess or shortfall of cash flows, in present value terms, above the cost of funds. In a theoretical situation of unlimited capital budgeting, a company should pursue every investment with a positive NPV. However, in practical terms a company’s capital constraints limit investments to projects with the highest NPV whose cost cash flows, or initial cash investment, do not exceed the company’s capital. NPV is a central tool in discounted cash flow analysis and is a standard method for using the time value of money to appraise long-term projects.
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The premise of the present value theory is based on the “time value of money”, which states that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar received in the future. Discounted cash flow is a valuation method used to estimate the attractiveness of an investment opportunity. The time value of money is the concept that a sum of money has greater value now than it will in the future due to its earnings potential.
Is There An Opportunity With Dorian LPG Ltd.’s (NYSE:LPG) 32% Undervaluation? – Simply Wall St
Is There An Opportunity With Dorian LPG Ltd.’s (NYSE:LPG) 32% Undervaluation?.
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Assuming that the discount rate is 5.0% – the expected rate of return on comparable investments – the $10,000 in five years would be worth $7,835 today. Unspent money today could lose value in the future by an implied annual rate due to inflation or the rate of return if the money was invested. In the lemonade stand example, let’s say that if you don’t purchase the juicer, you’ll invest the money in the stock market, where you feel confident that you can earn 4% annually on your money. In this case, 0.04′ (4% expressed as a decimal) is the discount rate we’ll use in our calculation. In the world of business, purchases and investments are often made with the goal of earning money in the long run. These sorts of investments usually have a single initial cost—typically the cost of the asset being purchased. For instance, lets assume that an investor is today given $1000 and chooses to invest it somewhere.
Time Value of Money: Present Value of a Single Amount
The discount rate is the investment rate of return that is applied to the present value calculation. In other words, the discount rate would be the forgone rate of return if an investor chose to accept an amount in the future versus the same amount today. The discount rate that is chosen for the present value calculation is highly subjective because it’s the expected rate of return you’d receive if you had invested today’s dollars for a period of time. Many websites, including Annuity.org, offer online calculators to help you find the present value of your annuity or structured settlement payments. These calculators use a time value of money formula to measure the current worth of a stream of equal payments at the end of future periods. If you simply subtracted 10 percent from $5,000, you would expect to receive $4,500.
- Present value states that an amount of money today is worth more than the same amount in the future.
- Imagine someone owes you $10,000 and that person promises to pay you back after five years.
- On the other hand, future values give you an overview of the investments worth at a later time.
- Since this is positive, you’ll probably decide to buy the juicer.
- For example, a five-dollar bill in the 1950s would not be able to purchase as much in the 2020s as it could in the 1950s.
Present value takes into account any interest rate an investment might earn. The default calculation above asks what is the present value of a future value amount of $15,000 invested for 3.5 years, compounded monthly at an annual interest rate of 5.25%. Therefore, the present value of five $1,000 structured settlement payments is worth roughly $3,790.75 when a 10 percent discount rate is applied.
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Regardless of this fact, from an auditor’s perspective, they will not raise an audit difference based on the present value function selected. Unlike the PV function in excel, the NPV function/formula does not consider any period.
We will, at the outset, show you several examples of how to use the present value formula in addition to using the PV tables. We are applying the concept to how much money we need to buy a business. Given our time frame of five years and a 5% interest rate, we can find the present value of that sum of money. To get your answer, you need to calculate the present value of the amount you will receive in the future ($11,000). For this, you need to know the interest rate that would apply if you invested that money today, let’s assume it’s 7%.
Example: You are promised $800 in 10 years time. What is its Present Value at an interest rate of 6% ?
As an indicator of projects’ investment, NPV has several advantages and disadvantages for decision-making. Consideration of the time value of money allows the NPV to include all relevant time and cash flows for the project. This idea is consistent with the goal of wealth maximization by creating the highest wealth for shareholders. Beyond that, cash flow timing patterns and size differences for each project provide an easy comparison of different investment options.However, the NPV method also comes with many disadvantages. First of all, the consideration of hidden costs and project size is not a part of the NPV approach. Thus, investment decisions on projects with substantial hidden costs may not be accurate. | https://www.kairos-collection.be/present-value-pv/ |
Control of renin secretion by renin-producing granular cells.
Renin-producing granular cells are regulated by a large number of signalling systems that all seem to focus on cyclic AMP. Both the Ca2+ and the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP signalling pathways modulate the level of cyclic AMP. Released renin acts to hydrolyse angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is then converted into angiotensin II through angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The angiotensin II is part of a negative-feedback loop, since it acts to increase Ca2+ that inhibits adenylyl cyclase 5 (AC5), thereby reducing the level of cyclic AMP. | http://www.cellsignallingbiology.co.uk/csb/007/csb007fig7_renin_secretion.htm |
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Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme in myeloid cell immune responses
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a dicarboxypeptidase, plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure by cleaving angiotensin I into angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent vasoconstrictor. Because of it... | https://cmbl.biomedcentral.com/articles?tab=keyword |
OCTOBER 2020 Issue has been successfully launched on 1 October 2020.
Thamer Mouhi Jasiem*
Thamer Mouhi Jasiem*
ABSTRACT
Objective: The Study was designed to investigate The frequencies of 2 alleles candidate genes associated with risk of development of hypertension disease. Polymorphic alleles of I/D gene ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme) and A1166C gene AGTR1– (Angiotensin II type 1 receptor) were investigated between inhabitants of Rostov-on-Don. Methods: Isolation of DNA from leucocytes using the whole blood reagent "DNA express blood". To isolate the DNA from peripheral blood using a commercial reagent kit DNA- Express, which is intended to isolate the DNA from various natural materials. There were about 43 people surveyed patients with hypertension. The control group accounted for 20 DNA samples of healthy individuals without any signs of vascular lesions. Results: For patients with hypertension in ACE gene showed an increased risk of hypertension
for genotypes ID ACE / AA AGTR1 and II ACE / AC AGTR1 (χ ² = 1.696 , p = 0.1928). Thus, it was found that the combination of one genotype allelic variants of two genes that increases the risk of hypertension. Conclusion: When analyzing the distribution of alleles and genotypes of this polymorphic marker we found statistically significant differences. It was shown that the carriers of allele I and genotype ID have an increased risk of developing hypertension, while allele carriers D - reduced risk. Thus, polymorphic marker I/D ACE gene is associated with the development of hypertension among residents of Rostov region.
Keywords: ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme), AGTR1 (Angiotensin II type 1 receptor), hypertension. | https://www.wjpps.com/Wjpps_controller/abstract_id/4046 |
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Rho kinase inhibition activates the homologous angiotensin-converting enzyme-angiotensin-(1-9) axis in experimental hypertension.
- María Paz Ocaranza, Paulina Rodriguez Rivera, +5 authors Jorge E. Jalil
- Journal of hypertension
- 2011
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels depend on renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and on the homologous angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). Increased ACE and Ang II levels are… (More)
Effect of boldo (Peumus boldus Molina) infusion on lipoperoxidation induced by cisplatin in mice liver.
- Juana Viridiana Becerril Fernández, Patricio Lagos, Paulina Rodriguez Rivera, Enrique Zamorano-Ponce
- Phytotherapy research : PTR
- 2009
Peumus boldus Molina (Monimiaceae), commonly referred to as 'boldo', is used in traditional Chilean medicine to treat hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Its leaves are rich in antioxidant… (More)
Rho kinase activation and gene expression related to vascular remodeling in normotensive rats with high angiotensin I converting enzyme levels. | https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/Paulina-Rodriguez-Rivera/50688393 |
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/10625
|Title:||Liver disease and the renin-angiotensin system: recent discoveries and clinical implications.|
|Authors:||Lubel, John S;Herath, Chandana B;Burrell, Louise M;Angus, Peter W|
|Affiliation:||Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin and Northern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|
|Issue Date:||28-Jun-2008|
|Citation:||Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2008; 23(9): 1327-38|
|Abstract:||The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of vascular resistance, sodium and water homeostasis and the response to tissue injury. Historically, angiotensin II (Ang II) was thought to be the primary effector peptide of this system. Ang II is produced predominantly by the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) on angiotensin I (Ang I). Ang II acts mainly through the angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT(1)) and, together with ACE, these components represent the 'classical' axis of the RAS. Drug therapies targeting the RAS by inhibiting Ang II formation (ACE inhibitors) or binding to its receptor (angiotensin receptor blockers) are now in widespread clinical use and have been shown to reduce tissue injury and fibrosis in cardiac and renal disease independently of their effects on blood pressure. In 2000, two groups using different methodologies identified a homolog of ACE, called ACE2, which cleaves Ang II to form the biologically active heptapeptide, Ang-(1-7). Conceptually, ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and its putative receptor, the mas receptor represent an 'alternative' axis of the RAS capable of opposing the often deleterious actions of Ang II. Interestingly, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers increase Ang-(1-7) production and it has been proposed that some of the beneficial effects of these drugs are mediated through upregulation of Ang-(1-7) rather than inhibition of Ang II production or receptor binding. The present review focuses on the novel components and pathways of the RAS with particular reference to their potential contribution towards the pathophysiology of liver disease.|
|Internal ID Number:||18557800|
|URI:||http://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/10625|
|DOI:||10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05461.x|
|URL:||http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18557800|
|Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||Angiotensin I|
Angiotensin II.metabolism
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers.pharmacology
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors.pharmacology
Angiotensins.metabolism
Animals
Humans
Hypertension, Portal.metabolism
Kallikreins.metabolism
Kinins.metabolism
Liver.enzymology.metabolism.physiopathology
Liver Cirrhosis.metabolism
Liver Diseases.metabolism.physiopathology
Peptide Fragments.metabolism
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A.metabolism
Proto-Oncogene Proteins.metabolism
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled.metabolism
Renin-Angiotensin System.drug effects
|Appears in Collections:||Journal articles|
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Items in AHRO are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. | http://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/10625 |
The role of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in the ectodomain shedding of angiotensin converting enzyme and the amyloid precursor protein.
What does ACE stand for?
ACE stands for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
This definition appears very frequently and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Science, medicine, engineering, etc.
See other definitions of ACE
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We have 1419 other meanings of ACE in our Acronym Attic
- Abbreviation Database Surfer
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- Amex Commodities Exchange
- Amherst Chamber Ensembles
- Ammunition, Casualty, and Equipment
- AMRAAM Captive Equipment
- Amstelveen College Class of Excellence (Netherlands)
- AMX Certified Expert
- Analysis and Control Element
- Analytical Card Enhancement
- Analytical Control Element
- Anchorage Council of Education
- Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
- Anglican Church of England
- Animal Care of España
- Animal Centers of Excellence
- Animated Communications Effectiveness
- Anime Contents Expo (Japan)
- Annual Conference and Exposition
- Annual Convention and Exposition (various organizations)
- Annual Creativity in Electronics (awards)
Samples in periodicals archive:
9781606926192 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
ACE inhibitors target angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).
Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and the risk of heart failure in hypertensioe subjects.
Susceptibility to SARS coronavirus S protein-driven infection correlates with expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and infection can be blocked by soluble receptor.
and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or aldosterone receptor blockers. | https://www.acronymfinder.com/Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme-(ACE).html |
Results obtained with the blood bathed organ technique indicate that angiotensin I is converted rapidly to angiotensin II in the pulmonary circulation and not by an enzyme in the blood.
570 Citations
Fate of Angiotensin I in the Circulation
- Medicine, BiologyNature
- 1968
The results of the blood-bathed organ technique do not support hypotheses which suggest a completely intra-renal role for the renin–angiotensin system.
The Renin–Angiotensin System: Inhibition of Converting Enzyme in Isolated Tissues
- BiologyNature
- 1970
The converting enzyme content of isolated tissues suggests that the indirect action of angiotensin I involves the intramural generation of angiotensin II. Inhibition of the enzyme shows that there is…
Metabolism of the Angiotensins in Isolated Perfused Tissues
- Biology, MedicineNature
- 1969
Enzymes in isolated vascular beds can fully account for the metabolism of angiotensins I and II in vivo and may not be physiologically important.
Conversion of Angiotensin I to II In Vivo and In Vitro
- Biology
- 1972
This work has shown that the major site of conversion was the pulmonary circulation and that conversion in plasma could not account for the rapid pressor response to an intravenous injection of AI.
Hepatic conversion of angiotensin I and the portal hypertensive response to angiotensin II in normal and regenerating liver
- MedicineJournal of gastroenterology and hepatology
- 2007
The purpose was to characterize angiotensin I liver conversion and show that the liver is able to convert AI into AII to trough the action of the ang Elliotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE).
Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
- BiologyThe American journal of medicine
- 1976
Renal-clip hypertension in rabbits immunised against angiotensin II.
- Medicine, BiologyLancet
- 1970
Pulmonary activation of synthetic angiotensin I.
- Biology, ChemistryLife sciences
- 1968
Pressor Response to Angiotensins I and II and Renin in Rats treated with Carbon Tetrachloride
- Biology, ChemistryNature
- 1969
These investigators postulated that the converting enzyme may be located on or in the pulmonary cells of the lung, and proposed the liver as a probable site of synthesis for the plasma enzyme.
Angiotensin-dependent hypertension--potential pitfalls in definition.
- MedicineThe New England journal of medicine
- 1977
In an attempt to resolve this controversy, interruption of the renin-angioten...
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THE PREPARATION AND FUNCTION OF THE HYPERTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME
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It has been shown by use of isolated, perfused rat kidneys that hypertensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor substance while hypertensin I is not. Hence it would appear that in intact animals the…
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5-Hydroxytryptamine in the Circulation of the Dog
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Estimation of the relative importance of platelets, lungs, liver and peripheral vascular beds in removing this amine from the circulation of the dog shows that the lungs are most active in this…
The relationship of structure to pressor and oxytocic actions of isoleucine5 angiotensin octapeptide and various analogues
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THE PURIFICATION OF HYPERTENSIN I
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Acid hydrolysis and paper chromatography indicate in a preliminary fashion that there are about nine amino acids present in the intact polypeptide.
Polypeptides which Affect Smooth Muscles and Blood Vessels: (A Symposium), M. Schachter, M.D., Sc.D., University College, London, Editor. 336 + xv pages, illustrated. New York, Pergamon Press, Inc., 1960. $8.50
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The disappearance of bradykinin and eledoisin in the circulation and vascular beds of the cat.
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The estimation of plasma renin concentration in the dog. | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Conversion-of-Angiotensin-I-to-Angiotensin-II-Ng-Vane/c67b747a0f50a8b8ffa4be576e6811d0efd74f08 |
BMBF supports research on sustainability
The BMBF has published the new strategy "Research for Sustainability" (FONA) and doubled the funding to 4 billion euros. The bioeconomy also plays an important role.
The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has relaunched the Research Framework Program "Research for Sustainability" (FONA), which has been running since 2005. It focuses on the 17 global sustainability goals of the United Nations. "With research and innovation, we will drive forward future technologies in the fields of green hydrogen, recycling management and bio-economy "made in Germany" in such a way that we remain or become technology leaders and export world champions in the fields of energy system transformation, resource efficiency and climate protection," said Federal Research Minister Anja Karliczek on 24 November when presenting the new FONA strategy.
Highest priority for sustainability research
With the motto "Knowing how the future works", the BMBF has also doubled its research funding for climate protection and more sustainability in the FONA Strategy: 4 billion euros will be made available over the next five years for the development of new green technologies. "This means that we are giving top priority to sustainability research," emphasized Karlizcek, pointing out the "enormous need for innovation", which requires new ideas and solutions to master challenges such as climate neutrality, resource efficiency, recycling management and regional structural change. "With the change towards more sustainability, we are securing Germany's competitiveness in the long term and ensuring an innovation boost for the German economy in the post-Corona era," said the Minister.
Backing goals with concrete actions
In the strategy paper "Research for Sustainability" a total of three strategic goals with eight fields of action and 25 concrete actions are formulated. The 17 UN sustainability goals are an important guideline. In addition to achieving the climate goals and the further developing of the economy and society, habitats and natural resources must be researched, protected and used. Research activities to preserve biodiversity and protect natural resources such as soil and water are central fields of action.
The bio-economy has its place in the field of action "circular economy" together with phosphorus recycling, plastics recycling and the action "Increase total raw material productivity". It is intended to contribute to an improved use of bio-based raw materials and the avoidance of waste through the use of residual materials.
The new FONA strategy
BMBF Strategy "Research for Sustainability" (FONA), only available in German
Expanding research on biogenic raw materials
The BMBF sees a particular need for research expanding the range of biogenic substances, for example to provide industry with tailor-made ingredients. This is not only about replacing conventional fossil substances, chemicals or products. Biogenic raw materials can be used to create completely new products and composite materials. The reuse of biobased residual and waste materials is also coming into focus. The emphasis here is on the development of new biotechnological processes that optimize recycling and cascade utilization. The development of biotechnological processes up to their introduction into practice is therefore a funding priority of the new FONA strategy.
Strategy sets the impulse for new beginnings
With the help of the specified actions, the BMBF wants to ensure more transparency in achieving the formulated goals. This should make it possible to see which goals have been achieved and where further action is needed. The focus in implementation is on inter- and transdisciplinarity as well as systemic approaches. Actors from companies should also be included in research funding in order to bring results to market faster. "With the FONA strategy we set the impulses for the start into a crisis-proof and sustainable future - to preserve our basis of life and our prosperity," said the Minister.
Since the beginning of the FONA program 15 years ago, the BMBF has funded almost 10,000 projects until the beginning of 2018. In the predecessor program FONA3, around 2 billion euros were made available in the last five years. | https://biooekonomie.de/en/news/bmbf-supports-research-sustainability |
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are engineered systems that enable seamless integration of the computation and physical objects in our daily lives and have the potential to fundamentally transform the way people interact with the physical world. In recent years, the fast development of CPS has driven significant innovations in a large range of application domains ranging from smart manufacturing, smart home and communities, autonomous driving, smart and personalized healthcare, building design, architecture, etc.
Call for Papers
Today, the Legal Informatics (LI) is rapidly emerging as a new research area at the juncture of Computer Science (CS), Information Technology (IT) and Law. More recently, it has drawn some attention of the computational and legal communities with the intent and goal to improve and advance the existing jurisprudence/legal procedure/legal justice system/civil justice system by applying the modern computational technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Natural Language Processing (NLP).
Over the last few decades, sustainable computing assisted by intelligence and ubiquitous sensor technology has proliferated pervasively in areas like social computing, artificial intelligence-based agent systems, mobile computing, and block-chain oriented intelligence. Since there is a great interest in developing systems with power-aware and resource-aware capabilities, pervasive computing must be examined by considering the related capabilities affecting ecological and societal issues. As today's emerging technology is heavily inclined towards the mobile environment, it is important to focus on the sustainability aspects of the recent technologies for pervasive and mobile products.
Scope: The recent debate on social inclusive economic growth and sustainability poses critical challenges to sustainable computin
Scope and aim: In the current era of advanced technology, developing of sustainable energy-efficient networking technologies for the meeting the growing demand of ICT applications such as health care, smart cities, business, and entertainment has become imperative. In designing futuristic sustainable computing solutions, research efforts in communication networks and cloud computing, internet of things (IoT), cyber physical systems and many more recent technologies play a vital role. Research in networking technologies and devices helps to develop efficient and sustainable communication networks. Similarly, new research efforts are required in cloud computing and IOT based solutions that are widely used in healthcare, smart cities. In addition, there are a number of research challenges in reducing energy consumption in systems and in developing energy efficient solutions based for wireless communication, resource management, green data centers, and server architecture design.
In the current era of information and communication technology, it has been critical to develop sustainable energy-efficient networking technologies for the meeting the growing demand of ICT applications such as health care, smart cities, business, and entertainment. In designing sustainable computing technologies, communication networks and sustainable devices have to meet the quality of service requirements of ICT applications efficiently. Networking technologies and devices play a critical role in communication networks. Thus, there are a number of research challenges in reducing energy consumption in systems and in developing energy efficient wireless communication networks, resource management, green cloud computing strategies, and router and server architecture design.
With the advances in information communication technologies, it has become increasingly critical to improve the efficiency and accuracy of modern data processing techniques. The past decade has witnessed tremendous advances in Sensor Networks, Internet/Web of Things, Cloud Computing, Mobile/Embedded Computing, Spatial/Temporal Data Processing, and Big Data, and these technologies have provided new opportunities and solutions to data processing techniques. Big data is an emerging paradigm applied to datasets whose size is beyond the ability of commonly used computing platforms for capturing, managing, and processing the data. Such datasets often arise from various sources that are unstructured such as social media, sensors, scientific applications, surveillance, video and image archives, Internet texts and documents, Internet search indexing, medical records, business transactions and web logs. Moreover, the data sets are of large size requiring fast input and output. More importantly, big data has to be of high value and establish its trust for business decision making. Various technologies are being explored to support the handling of big data such as massively parallel processing databases, scalable storage systems, and fog and cloud computing platforms. Big data is more than simply a matter of size; it provides opportunities to find insights in new and emerging types of content, which allows to make business more agile and to answer questions that were previously considered beyond our reach. This special issue aims to demonstrate the emerging issues in the research of Big Data including various approaches, algorithms, hardware, and software towards its processing.
Computational sustainability is a broad field that aims to optimize our environmental resources using methods from engineering, mathematics and computer science. Data intelligence techniques play a critical role in sustainable computing. Recent advances in data management, data modeling, data analysis and artificial intelligence are finding applications in energy network and thus making our environment more sustainable.
While the opportunities and challenges co-exist, this special issue is to report advances in data intelligence and its applications on sustainable computing. We expect the ideas, technologies and findings reported in the papers to be novel and inspiring. | https://www.journals.elsevier.com/sustainable-computing-informatics-and-systems/call-for-papers |
Redpill Group are strategy consultants and innovators in urban technologies and commercial development. We work internationally with cities, companies and universities to deliver sustainable solutions to complex challenges. We innovate, incubate, build and support new companies; developing new technologies and working with partners to take them to global markets.
Imperial College London
Reader in DE, Hub director
Co-design and innovation, linking the creative use of technology with human centered design.
Lecturer, ‘ubiquitous sustainability’, aiming to identify how to develop and realise sustainable systems of consumption and production
Head, Dyson School of Design Engineering, research expertise in measurement instrumentation, robotics, mechanical and product design, and entrepreneurship
Designing with people and facilitating change.
Robotic manipulation
Machine learning
Additive manufacturing
Energy efficient design, sustainable products
Early stage business risk reduction
VR, sensing, and acoustic experience
Design and analysis of consumer goods
Lecturer in Business and Environment, Centre for Environmental Policy, co-investigator for EPSRC National Centre for Innovative Manufacturing
Senior lecturer in structural engineering with expertise in sustainable alternatives to timber
Senior lecturer, aerial robotics
Senior lecturer, biomechatronics
Design technologist; creativity, visioning, philosophy, technology and speculation.
Interests and projects include: generative and computational design, acoustic modelling, material programming techniques, artificial animal products, cradle to cradle design and cause selection in humanitarian interventions.
Designer and researcher. Interests include artificial and natural intelligence, culture, AI ethics, and the future of human and non-human society.
MEng in General Engineering. Interests combine emerging arts and technologies, social norms, myths and the fringes of reality. Probing futures with criticality, I aim at revealing how technology and design shift our perspectives.
University of Sussex
ESRC Research Fellow for Sustainable Supply Chain Management; Chair of the British Academy of Management's Sustainable & Responsible Business group, British Council Newton Fund, Brazil 2017 on social indicators and sustainability, expert in performance measurement and decision analysis for sustainable development.
Professor for Supply Chain Management
Professor of International Business, on the integration of indicators for sustainable development with those of global sourcing supplier capacity building. In addition, colleagues from Data Intensive Science Unit of the University of Sussex
Support integration of data architectures and analysis of large datasets, including pattern recognition of rainforest features via the Sussex High Performance Computer (HPC) cluster.
Institute of Development Studies, expert on sustainable development in forest communities.
Loughborough university
Professor of Sustainable Engineering, leading a wide range of research on sustainability issues and resource efficiency as the Founder and Director of the Centre for “Sustainable Manufacturing and Recycling Technologies (SMART)” and Deputy Director of a UK National Centre for ‘Innovative Food Manufacturing’ in which he is leading a wide range of research ranging from ‘resource efficient localised production of food products’ and ‘valorisation of food waste for human nutrition’ to ‘embedding resilience within global food supply chain’. His skills and expertises will be targeted at identifying now sources of natural food and where possible maximizing the value creation from existing food resource within rainforest. | https://www.sustainablerainforests.com/contact |
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e-Infrastructures in Horizon 2020 European Commission – DG CNECT
Vision, approach, drivers, policy background, challenges, WP structure Kostas Glinos European Commission – DG CNECT eInfrastructure
2
Development and deployment of e-infrastructures and services
for on-line research Jason de Caires Taylor, underwater statue, Cancun Mexico
3
Bridge digital divides Every researcher digital
Vision Achieving Digital ERA Bridge digital divides Every researcher digital
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Approach Transversal Support tomorrow’s science Enabling innovation
Cutting across disciplines and sectors Support tomorrow’s science Open science, open access, best solutions Enabling innovation Developing and testing innovative solutions Servicing industry and SMEs Spinning out technologies
5
DRIVERS for change COMPUTATIONAL CAPABILITIES
6
More COMPUTING POWER MIT Technology Review, 2012
Future of learning technology , Amit Grag, 2010
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DRIVERS for change COMPUTATIONAL CAPABILITIES BIG DATA
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BIG DATA … Business and the Digital Universe, IDC, 2012
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DRIVERS for change COMPUTATIONAL CAPABILITIES BIG DATA
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS GLOBAL PARTICIPATION
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GLOBAL CONNECTIONS …
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DRIVERS for change COMPUTATIONAL CAPABILITIES BIG DATA
GLOBAL CONNECTIONS GLOBAL PARTICIPATION OPEN IS BETTER WITHIN AND BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES BETWEEN SCIENCE AND SOCIETY
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Horizon 2020: What’s new? A single programme bringing together three separate programmes/initiatives* More innovation, from research to retail, all forms of innovation Focus on societal challenges facing EU society, e.g. health, clean energy and transport Simplified access, for all companies, universities, institutes in all EU countries and beyond. Horizon 2020 represents a break from the past, in order to meet the new challenges and opportunities. It brings together all EU level research and innovation funding into a single programme, covering the current 7th research Framework Programme, the innovation activities from the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme, as well as EU funding to the European Institute of Innovation and Technology. These currently separate activities have been integrated to allow seamless funding of research and innovation, allowing innovative projects to be supported from the laboratory to commercial exploitation. Previously separate activities have been brought together to focus on the societal challenges such as health, clean energy and transport. All forms of innovation will be included, including innovation in services and social innovation. Support will also be given to develop the market and legal frameworks for innovations to be deployed, such as on public procurement, standard setting and regulations. Horizon 2020 will also provide a major simplification, with a single set of rules, less paperwork, and faster funding. The aim is to attract the best researchers and innovators regardless of where they are located. *The 7th research Framework Programme (FP7), innovation aspects of Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP), EU contribution to the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)
13
EIT JRC Europe 2020 priorities Shared objectives and principles
Industrial Leadership Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies ICT Nanotech., Materials, Manuf. and Processing Biotechnology Space Access to risk finance Innovation in SMEs Excellent Science Frontier research (ERC) Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) Skills and career development (Marie Sklodowska-Curie) Research infrastructures (including e-infrastructures) Shared objectives and principles Common rules, toolkit of funding schemes Europe 2020 priorities European Research Area Simplified access International cooperation Dissemination & knowledge tranfer Societal Challenges Health, demographic change & wellbeing Food security, sustainable agriculture and the bio-based economy Secure, clean and efficient energy Smart, green and integrated transport Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials Inclusive, innovative and reflective societies Secure Societies EIT JRC Spreading excellence, widening participation Science with and for society
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Developing the European research infrastructures for 2020 and beyond
Research Infrastructures in Horizon 2020 Development, deployment & operation of ICT-based e-Infrastructures Developing the European research infrastructures for 2020 and beyond Fostering the innovation potential of Ris and their human capital Reinforcing European RI policy and international cooperation Integrating and opening existing national RI of pan-European interest Developing new world-class RI Matrix approach to implementation
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Policy Background (1/3): Research Data become an infrastructure for modern science
Europe is “Riding the Wave” Report Data e-infrastructure that supports seamless access, use, re-use and trust of data Physical and technical infrastructure become invisible and the data becomes the infrastructure Commission Communication on Scientific Information COM(2012)401 Access, preservation and e-infrastructure (publications and data) ERA Communication COM(2012)392 Federation of researcher electronic identities Riding the Wave High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data, October 2010
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Policy Background 2: European HPC Strategy –integrated approach in H2020
Basis: Commission Communication "High-Performance Computing: Europe's place in a Global Race" (2012) Vision: to ensure European leadership in the supply and use of HPC systems and services by 2020 in a strategy combining: developing the next generation of HPC towards exascale; providing access to the best HPC infrastructure for both industry and academia; achieving excellence in computing applications - existing or new – driven by the needs of science, industry and SMEs Linking demand and supply – in the spirit of Horizon 2020 Contractual Public-Private Partnership (cPPP) covering (a) and part of (c)
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HPC - Examples of interrelations between actions
ETP4HPC/cPPP Autonomous EU development of Exascale technologies PRACE Access to best HPC for industry and academia specifications of exascale prototypes forTier-0 technological options for future procurements identify applications for co-design of exascale systems CoEs may be associated to PRACE Centres provision of HPC capabilities and expertise Centres of Excellence Network of SME Competence Centres Excellence in HPC application
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Policy Background (3/3): GÉANT Expert Group Report
World Class Connectivity and Services to Knowledge Communities Support Growth and Opening up Help to close digital divides Europe as global hub Stimulate innovation Reorganize for 2020 Flexibility in Technology and Architecture Experimentation and standardisation Improve Governance Step up Funding Update the Regulatory Regime
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CHALLENGES Need for long term perspective
Operational continuity Sustainability Efficient and effective use of national and EU funding Resolving policy, legal, technical, financial and governance issues Innovation as a priority Support SMEs Support to Horizon 2020
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e-Infrastructure to support: Research under Horizon 2020
FET Human Brain Project,… Societal Challenges SC1 Research on Alzheimer LEIT Big Data in ICT Manufacturing PPP Internet of Things… SC2… SC3 Earth observation SC4, SC5, … e-Infrastructure integrates resources and services… e-Infrastructure to support: Research under Horizon 2020 Open Access policy Open Data pilot Data Management Planning … Networking Computing Data Software User interfaces e-Infrastructures
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VRE COMPUTING DATA CONNECTIVITY SUPPORT
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industry sectors disciplines societal chalenges I across…
Pharmaceuticals Physics Automotive Social sciences Smart cities … … … Oil and gas Climate change Health
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SUMMARY …
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European Commission – DG CNECT
THANK YOU European Commission – DG CNECT eInfrastructures
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Established back in 1592, Trinity College Dublin is Ireland’s oldest higher education institution and one of the seven “ancient universities” in the territory of the UK and Ireland. It’s the only constituent college of the University of Dublin, and was modelled after the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge. Today, Trinity College Dublin is Ireland’s top ranked university at 101st in the world. Over 17,000 students are currently enrolled across the university’s three faculties: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences; Engineering, Mathematics and Sciences; and Health Sciences.
Aside from this, TCD is now offering a Msc in Smart and Sustainable cities. However, to many individuals, these topics are not fully understood. The text that follows will attempt to shed a some clarity on both the topics and course itself.
What is Smart & Sustainable Cities?
With thousands of smart-city initiatives around the world, smart urbanism is now one of the dominant models of urban development. Projects for smart cities involve the regeneration of existing urban areas as well as the creation of large new settlements, and have a major positive impact on the many environmental, social and economic systems that underpin the planet. Meanwhile, and with a strong overlap with smart city initiatives, cities around the world are reacting to broader environmental challenges, such as climate change through measures aimed at developing sustainable solutions.
Smart-city initiatives have a multi-dimensional nature. As projects that are aimed at improving urban spaces, they are deeply connected to issues of urbanisation and urban planning. Moreover, projects for smart cities involve the production of a number of technologies such as wireless sensor networks designed to produce data on how the city operates, and innovative efficient or low-waste electrical grids.
Therefore, because of their focus on technological innovation, the development of smart cities goes beyond the science of the city and is also the product of studies in computer science and engineering. Finally, once implemented, smart interventions take place not upon a blank canvas, but rather within complex ecological and social systems whose dynamics must be taken into account, in order to avoid environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Particularly in terms of sustainability, the multidimensional nature of smart-city initiatives can be understood only through an interdisciplinary approach.
Smart & Sustainable Cities: The Course for you?
The new programme, which is the first dedicated programme of its kind, will provide students with an in-depth understanding of smart and sustainable cities, using (a) the tools of urban geography and planning to examine the spatial formation of smart cities; (b) methods in engineering and computer science to analyse the functions and applications of smart technologies, and (c) insights from ecology to explore the environmental impact of both ‘smart-city projects’ and wider transformations of contemporary cities.
The programme is thus of interest to a wide range of students from different backgrounds. This transdisciplinary master’s programme will give students both the technical and analytical skills they will need to effectively address the challenges of urban sustainability.
It will play a vital part in shaping Trinity’s organisation and research to achieve a healthy and sustainable planet. It will do this in a variety of ways. In developing the connections between conceptual and hands-on skills linking the smart city to sustainability, the masters will help achieve the transition to a healthy and sustainable planet.
In addition, through fostering interdisciplinary teaching, learning and project delivery it will allow for potential, further research collaborations to emerge between the participating Schools of Computer Science and Statistics, Engineering, and Natural Sciences
Smart & Sustainable Cities at Trinity
This new MSc in Smart and Sustainable Cities at Trinity approaches the study of smart and sustainable urbanism by drawing from the research based expertise of leading scholars in the area of “Engineering, Environment, and Emerging Technologies”, or E3.
The Masters in Smart and Sustainable Cities is the bringing together of a rounded understanding of both ‘smart cities’ and ‘sustainability’ as overlapping areas necessary for the analysis of contemporary cities.
The breadth of research across Trinity College can be combined to support a vision for a happy, green and cost-effective city, where we address the required optimisation of resources, harness the growth potential for business, reduce the city’s environmental impact, and improve citizens’ quality of life within urban environments.
Trinity set up the Future Cities Research Centre which undertakes multi-disciplinary research that enables, promotes and facilitates behavioural change for sustainability. The research is supported by the application of sensor, communication and analytical technological solutions to sustainability concerns in urban infrastructure such as energy, water, waste management and transportation systems.
Graduate Skills & Career Opportunities?
The new master’s degree programme is designed to meet the learning needs of students who want to enter an expansive but demanding employment market, preparing them for professional work in institutions and public or private companies, in the field of Smart and Sustainable Cities.
Your degree and what you’ll study?
The M.Sc. in Smart and Sustainable Cities will be delivered full-time over one year. The course comprises 8 compulsory modules, carrying 5 ECTS credits each, and a Dissertation module, carrying 30 ECTS credits. In addition, students also take a total of 20 ECTS of optional credits, to give a total 90 ECTS for the course, offering participants many different dimensions of the smart city.
Modules in urban geography and sustainable urban development will address the urban dimension of smart cities, including their social dimensions and approaches to urban governance.
Modules in computer sciences, simulation and engineering, will analyse how the latest smart technologies operate. Modules in ecology and environmental geography will examine the impact that smart-city projects have on local, regional and global environmental systems. Sustainability will be a crosscutting theme and will permeate the entire degree with the aim of exploring solutions to real-life urban issues and developing strategies for truly ecological and socially just cities.
The programme will be highly interdisciplinary and students will study smart urbanism, by combining the methodological and conceptual tools of different, compatible disciplines. This programme draws upon existing modules within the Schools of Computer Science & Statistics, School of Engineering, and the School of Natural Sciences.
The programme will also have a number of novel and ambitious components such as company placements for students and a mandatory field trip to one of three alternating European cities.
Entry Requirements?
Admission to the course is competitive. Applicants will be expected to have an Honors Bachelor degree at 2.1 or above in a Social Science or Science-based course such as Engineering, Sociology, Computer Science, Economics, Geography or cognate fields. In case of heavy competition for places or concerns regarding a particular applicant’s suitability, applicants may be interviewed or asked to submit a written sample for assessment
Scholarships? | https://council.ie/interested-in-learning-more-about-smart-and-sustainable-cities-trinity-college-dublin-might-have-the-course-for-you/ |
Specific challenge:The growing waste produced in Europe, particularly in urban areas, where the vast majority of the world population are expected to live by 2050, represents a cost for society and a burden on the environment and, at the same time, a valuable stock of resources that can be exploited.
Boosting eco-innovative solutions to prevent waste generation and promote the use of waste as a resource, in line with the objectives of the EU Resource Efficiency Roadmap and the Waste Framework Directive, can enhance the natural and living environment in urban and peri-urban areas. Developing and demonstrating such solutions in real-life environments will enhance their market uptake and contribute to sustainable urbanisation worldwide.
Cities are more than spatially extended material artefacts; they are complex systems similar to living organisms that use energy, air, water and nutrients and need to dispose waste in a sustainable way. Adopting an urban metabolism perspective opens the way for innovative, systemic approaches, involving the analysis of resource flows within cities. Integrating in this way economic, social and environmental dynamics, it is possible to understand the socio-economically and gender nuanced patterns of resource use and consumption, and pinpoint drivers of waste-avoiding behaviour, manufacturing and business and public governance models.
Scope:Proposals should adopt an integrated urban metabolism approach and inter-disciplinary research and innovation and take into account the gender dimension where relevant. Proposals should involve active engagement of local authorities, citizens and other relevant stakeholders, using innovative concepts such as mobilisation and mutual learning.
Proposals shall address the following issue:
Eco-innovative solutions: Demonstration, at an appropriate pilot scale, and market replication, of integrated eco-innovative cost- and energy-efficient technologies, processes and/or services for waste prevention, treatment, enhanced collection, recycling and recovery of high-grade valuable materials from waste. Approaches should integrate technological and non-technological solutions, including, where appropriate, the use of economic instruments, such as incentives for more sustainable production and consumption patterns, and awareness raising initiatives. Proposals should include the participation of industry, including SMEs as far as possible.
The Commission considers that proposals requesting a contribution from the EU of between EUR 8 and 10 million would allow this specific challenge to be addressed appropriately. Nonetheless, this does not preclude submission and selection of proposals requesting other amounts.
Expected impact: Significant measurable improvements in the state of the art in waste management in urban and peri-urban areas, and in the operationalisation of the urban metabolism approach for sustainable urban development and reduction of negative environmental impacts (e.g. health)in cities. Contribution, over the long term, to the establishment of European research and innovation leadership in urban waste management and prevention.
In addition, the following specific impacts are expected:
Significant improvement in cost, material and, where appropriate, energy recovery efficiency in waste recycling and prevention in the short term. Identification of potential markets for the proposed waste collection strategies, treatment technologies and recycled products, as well as potential for replicability of solutions, based on a return-on-investment study on the short term. Creation, in the short/medium term, of green jobs and/or new SMEs due to effective market uptake of innovative technologies, processes and services, ensuring equality of access to women and men, and social inclusion. Contribution to development of standards, validated by key industrial players, and identifying best available and emerging techniques under the Industrial Emissions Directive. | https://cordis.europa.eu/programme/id/H2020_WASTE-6a-2015/en |
The Western world continues to face economic uncertainties whilst a number of Asian and other economies are growing significantly. There is a sense of the shifting of the global socio-economic power base from the West to the East. However, climate change, energy security, water scarcity, food crisis and resource shortages continue to pose challenges that companies will need to recognise and adapt to, if they are to survive and prosper in the future. At present opportunities to cut costs are top of the agenda, however opportunities for technological and product/service innovation still exist. The question is how we gear those opportunities to the design, development and commercialisation of more sustainable solutions. We now need to design and implement new systems to bring the low carbon, resource efficient technologies, products, services to the mainstream market. It is essential that better networks are established that link-up role players in the ‘sustainable innovation system’ to move ideas more effectively from the lab through R&D to customers. New sustainable business models need to be created and switched-on but there will be trade-offs. For example, the growing internet economy is providing considerable opportunities for more dematerialised and low carbon solutions but is using significant amounts of energy and materials – therefore, the relative environmental, social and benefits pluses and minuses of e-commerce still need to be better understood.
There is a strong feeling that discussion has now moved from ‘why to do’ sustainable innovation and design to ‘how to’ make it happen both at macro and micro levels! Sustainable Innovation 11 will address this paradigm shift with ‘state of the art’ visions, thinking, research and solutions.
Concept
Sustainable Innovation 11 will provide a platform to discuss the opportunities and challenges related to sustainable innovation, technology, product and service design and development. Sustainable Innovation 11 will include invited and refereed papers from academics, consultants, entrepreneurs, investors, technology providers, designers, sustainability, environment and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) managers as well as other business functions. The event will be a unique learning experience, networking space and will provide opportunities for blue-sky thinking. Delegates will come globally from large companies, entrepreneurs, as well as academia, government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The conference is supported by an international Advisory Board.
Conference topics
Sustainable Innovation 11 welcomes conceptual and research-based papers related to the ‘state of the art’ in sustainable innovation, technology, product and service design and development. Papers focused on sustainable innovation related to the following topics are welcomed:
- Radical Change
- Product-service systems (PSS)
- Market Transformation
- Sustainable technologies
- Sustainable Consumption & Production
- Supply chain management
- Low carbon economy
- Innovation processes
- Product policy
- Organisational dimensions
- Sustainable procurement
- Management systems
- New business models
- Tools & methodologies
- Collaborations and partnerships
- Case studies
Benefits
Sustainable Innovation 11 will provide a range of benefits to speakers and delegates:
- Unique: forum for new ideas and concepts
- Leading-edge: presentations from key international researchers, practioners and policy-makers
- Content: new research, results and thinking
- Networking: opportunities to meet business, government and academia
- Track-record: over 1900 delegates from over 50 countries have attended previous conferences in the series
Submission details
Conference papers: please email, fax or post an abstract of 500 words describing your proposed paper by 31st March 2011. The abstract will then be sent to the Advisory Board for evaluation and authors will be given feedback by the end of April 2011. The highest rated abstracts will be invited to prepare a paper and present at the conference. Please only submit abstracts if you have budgets to attend the conference.
Contact
For more information on Sustainable Innovation 11 please contact:
Martin Charter, Director,
The Centre for Sustainable Design, | https://www.isecoeco.org/sustainable-innovation-2011/ |
Research practices today confront the transformation of knowledge domains, which are increasingly interrelated to respond to complex challenges.
Against this backdrop, two dynamics of change inform the Department's scientific project:
Based on these assumptions, the Department of Design has articulated its activities along with some lines of research and experimentation:
01.
Advanced manufacturing and new entrepreneurship
This line of research investigates the role and potential of design in orienting the evolution of the production system towards paradigms of circularity and sustainability, with particular attention to the transformation of artisanal culture and new models of design and production (open and distributed manufacturing, Industry 4.0); to advanced experimentation in some Made in Italy sectors (Fashion-Tech, Food-Tech, Med-Tech, etc.); and to emerging application contexts related to frontier technologies (artificial intelligence, biotechnology, etc.). The line of research also investigates the new models of design-driven entrepreneurship and the application of Design Thinking to business strategies and innovation of organizational and business models.
02.
Creative and cultural industries
The line of research focuses on the Creative and Cultural Industries, with attention to the role of design in promoting new forms of creative entrepreneurship, strengthening the relationship with Milan, recognized as the capital of creativity in the design and fashion sectors, and with a potential cultural leadership role at an international level. In this context specific attention is paid to new product-service systems that enhance the dimensions of creativity and culture; to new languages and media and their impact on communication models; to communication and interaction design for the reconfiguration of relational networks for social and cultural inclusion.
03.
Territory, Environments and Cultural Heritage
This line of research, marked by the paradigm of sustainability, investigates the role of design in the valorization and fruition of territory and environments. It pays attention to behaviours and lifestyles induced by ongoing changes and new relationships between humans and space, from the scale of interiors to that of infrastructure and the city. It also focuses on the potential of design in developing new ways of organizing and representing historical and artistic knowledge to enhance cultural and environmental heritage. In this context, particular attention is paid to new models of fruition of cultural heritage and artefacts, with specific attention to the impact of digital technologies.
04.
Services, public administration and smart cities
The research line promotes the development and testing of methodologies, tools and solutions for service innovation, paying attention to design as a carrier of new skills and an enabler of social innovation processes with a view to sustainability and inclusion. It focuses on the different scales-from the individual service, to the overall service offering of a public administration, to the integrated service offering of a city with the aim of contributing to the design of more effective, efficient and user-centred services. To this end, the line of research also investigates the processes of organizational change necessary for their integration into organizations and the social fabric, improving the processes of policy construction in order to make them more dynamic and connected to empirical evidence. | https://dipartimentodesign.polimi.it/en/lines |
New mechanisms drive innovative research and foster university-industry collaboration at a national and international level
In its second phase, the MIT Portugal Program (MPP) focuses on improving Portugal’s innovation ecosystem and developing and fostering integrated research activities in joint university-industry partnerships. MPP has been promoting and facilitating cutting-edge research projects in emerging areas of science and technology, intended to create value and contribute to sustainable economic growth through the development of new knowledge-based products and services. This effort is primarily driven by new mechanisms for joint university-industry research through international test-bed research projects, and also supported by exploratory seed projects.
With this goal in mind, MPP researchers have successfully started three test-bed projects that actively engage industry and other private and public partners, which provide capacity, expertise, and financial support that exceed 30% of the total project funding provided by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).
|Test-bed Projects||Seed Projects|
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Test-bed Projects
Test-bed research projects are designed as large-scale partnerships that include universities, public institutions, industry, and other private organizations. These highly collaborative and integrated research projects are strongly supported by funding from FCT and contributions from private sector test-bed collaborators for up to three years. The objective is to address research topics in a holistic fashion through integrated, multi-disciplinary approaches with the goal of developing innovative technologies that lead to new products and services with the potential of advancing Portugal’s international competitiveness and innovative capacity, ultimately contributing to the growth of the Portuguese economy.
In 2013, MPP introduced the first call for test-bed proposals in three categories: Sustainable Cities, Stem Cell Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, and Design and Manufacturing Approaches in Mobility Industries. This call was open to all faculty and researchers in Portugal to provide collaborative proposals with partners from MIT, and with involvement of industry and other private and public organizations.
Three proposals were selected for a funding period of up to 3 years:
SusCity: this test-bed project focuses on creating a data-driven urban model to allow the development of new tools and services in order to improve resource efficiency and reduce environmental impact, while also contributing to the economic development of urban areas. The project intends to catalyze the generation and proliferation of scalable urban interventions through the development and deployment of a multi-dimensional Urban systems Simulator and Dashboard (USD). This research will allow to explore new business opportunities connected to an emerging generation of sustainable urban systems and to reach broad markets worldwide.
CardioStem: Engineered cardiac tissues and stem cell-based therapies for cardiovascular applications.
IAMAT: Introduction of advanced materials technologies into new product development for the mobility industries.
MPP researchers of the three projects successfully attracted industry and other private and public partners, which significantly contribute capacity, expertise, and funding to the test beds. All three projects are collaborations between industry and academic partners, and involve multi-disciplinary teams from Portuguese universities, MIT, industry, and other public and private bodies (e.g., hospitals, associations, municipalities, etc.). In addition to the more than the €3,000,000 of FCT funding, the test beds succeeded in obtaining more than €1,400,000 in additional funding from project partners.
Corporate and non-profit research partners, involved in MPP’s test beds as well as innovation and entrepreneurship activities, have formed the core of a community that is being engaged in MPP’s Industrial Advisory Committee (link to list of members).
|Test Beds – Overview & Descriptions|
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IAMAT
(Intro. of Advanced Materials Technologies into New Product Development for Mobility Industries)
Seed Projects
Seed projects were introduced to stimulate and foster novel, early-stage research that could be synergistic with research in test beds or enhances MPP in other ways, increases the impact, sustainability and visibility of the program, stimulates activities in innovation and entrepreneurship, explores potential new directions, or foster the development of educational materials or tools. The first seed projects were implemented at MIT and successfully advanced the program. | https://www.mitportugal.org/research |
Faizan Asad & Mirja Andersson
The year 2020 has brought great sustainability challenges as the world is facing the pandemics of COVID-19, that has been causing great suffering in term of loss of lives and financial incomes. Artificial intelligence (later AI) is helping to present smart solutions for prevention and diagnosis of this new virus (Alimadadi et al. 2020). However, AI is not going to solve the problem itself, it would need creative and inventive approaches from humans (Hollister 2020). AI is still, after ca. 30 years of existing, an emerging field with great potential to help in globally shared challenges in ecological sustainability such as fighting the climate change, preserving biodiversity and healthy oceans, securing clean water and air, and in being resilient in conditions of extreme weather and disasters (World Economic Forum 2018). Integration of AI / machine learning into systems of plastic recycling, and by that helping the cause of ecological sustainability, could result in innovative and smart solutions too.
Arcada University of Applied Sciences participated during 2014–2016 in a national strategic research program, Material Value Chains (in Finnish Materiaalien Arvovirrat, later ARVI) financed by The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (currently known as Business Finland, previously TEKES) together with nearly 30 organisations including universities, research institutes and companies. The objective of the ARVI research program was to build a mutual understanding of future business opportunities related to recycling of materials, as well as required know-how and abilities for their utilisation. This interdisciplinary research program offered a unique opportunity for Finnish industry and research institutes to carry out long-term strategic research cooperation and launch the circular economy nationally in the field of plastic recycling and waste management (Clic Innovation 2017).
Recycling of plastic waste, even in Finland with well-developed waste management system, would still require more resources (YLE News 2020). To continue our previous applied research work with plastic recycling (Mylläri et al. 2016; Clic Innovation 2017; Andersson et al. 2018; Jönkkäri et al. 2020) as well as our development work with ecological sustainability themes in engineering education (Andersson and Makkonen-Craig 2017), we are launching a new research aim to explore the improvement of sorting processes through suitable applications of AI and machine learning together with collaborating universities and companies. In this article we will briefly introduce this aim by reviewing the current knowledge and status around the topic.
Towards the era of AI by applied research in combination with materials technology
Optimised and smart new technologies, such as a robotic arm equipped with AI for automatic sorting and a machine learning image classifier model for reliable item detection, could assist to keep the plastic materials longer in circulation for improved ecological sustainability. We have applied research financing recently for our research aim on new machine learning applications for plastic recycling from Arcada Foundation. In general, the research topic of plastic recycling at Arcada is also supported by recently granted 2-year financing by Business Finland for co-innovation with private sector. The “All in for Plastics Recycling’’ (later PLASTIn) project is established to support the plastic industry actors to develop systemic, and environmentally optimized recycling concepts. This is achieved with the new knowledge gained about recycling processes and technologies such as sorting, pre-treatment, mechanical and chemical treatment and reject handling, and about system level understanding, allowing improved business opportunities based on recycling.
The project aims to focus on the recycling of challenging plastics, and turn the challenges into new business opportunities of the plastic cluster in Finland and promote the circular economy. The research organisations participating in the PLASTIn project consortium are Finnish Environment Institute, Lappeenranta Lahti University of Technology, Tampere University, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and Arcada University of Applied Sciences together with several industrial partners. The research consortium in PLASTIn project will offer a readily available platform to discuss the pros and cons of proposed machine learning applications to benefit plastic recycling.
Challenges with plastic waste and potential improvement by AI
Earlier studies on plastic recycling accomplished for example at ARVI research programme, have confirmed many practical challenges (Clic Innovation 2017). As systems are partially developing, new challenges may arise with the development. According to a recent article by YLE, Finland has ended up with a, in a way, positive problem with increased plastic sorting by the households (YLE News 2020). This problem reflects the willingness of households to sort their waste, which is good, but as a consequence the capacity of mechanical plastic recycling appears to be the limiting factor in the system. The leading professionals and companies in the field have worked to develop the material circulation of plastics for years, but still systemic change caused by the sorting habits of the households in Finland was unexpected.
How is AI currently helping in waste sorting? The use of machine learning in waste sorting through a robotic arm is not an unrealistic or new concept. There are companies around the world that are using this type of AI application already. However, optimally working and affordable solutions for all possible sorting lines do not exist. In Sweden, a company Lundstams Återvinning AB is using a heavy robotic arm to sort construction and demolition waste (Lundstams 2020). In Switzerland, another company SORTERA sort mixed construction and industrial waste. Both companies use the same technology developed by ZenRobotics Ltd., an AI solution company having roots in Finland (ZenRobotics 2019). However, there is high potential of AI research and optimization also in waste sorting applications, remembering that also AI technologies develop in selection, and solutions are getting smaller, faster and more mobile.
The core idea in our research is to use vision detection for sorting plastic waste. This can be achieved by using image identifier ML models e.g. neural network for identification of objects in real time. Another example is RetinaNet model, that has been used for pedestrian detection from the aerial images. OpenCV – another ML model could also be trained for this particular application. The ML model will be trained on open source data and will be tested and optimized. In the second stage of the project, the model will be trained on real life data and adjusted for final application. The final result will be a robotic arm equipped with sophisticated AI to sort plastic waste, of later defined type, since the types of waste and plastics are numerous. However, working applications will need cooperation on a systemic level, with other researchers and companies, and will need the enthusiastic engineering students with their thesis projects to contribute.
Summary
AI is an emerging field that offers creative and innovative applications by assisting in finding solutions in several fields of life. It has brought out of the box remedies to industrial problems, and has tackled daily life issues with ease. AI has been employed already for numerous ecological solutions. However, more resources, more hands and clever heads would be needed to develop AI for ecological sustainability. The year 2020 has brought great sustainability challenges with the world facing the COVID-19 pandemic. AI is providing creative solutions, for both current challenges and on a longer perspective, for example by help in analysing medical data and also assisting in finding solutions for improvement (Rao et al. 2020). It may very well be that AI will become more important in the world after the pandemic than before it. Open data and thorough research are in demand for the sustainable use of AI, and the sustainable decision making based on proven facts and figures, for ecological reasons, too. The world is certainly moving towards AI applications. It is high time the universities of applied sciences take more systematic steps towards the new technological era. This work has only just begun.
Acknowledgements
Arcada University of Applied Sciences wishes to acknowledge the association Svenska Folkskolans Vänner rf. (SFV), as financer of current development project TEKNETIUM that has enabled writing this article.
Authors
Faizan Asad, M.Sc. (Tech.), Project Researcher, Arcada University of Applied Sciences/Department of Energy and Materials Technology, faizan.asad(at)arcada.fi
Mirja Andersson, D.Sc., Head of Department, Arcada University of Applied Sciences/Department of Energy and Materials Technology, mirja.andersson(at)arcada.fi
References
Alimadadi, A., Aryal, S., Manandhar, I., Munroe, P.B., Joe, B., & Cheng, X. (2020). Artificial intelligence and machine learning to fight COVID-19. Physiological Genomics, 52(4), 200–202. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00029.2020.
Andersson, M., & Makkonen-Craig, S. (2017). Sustainable values in future engineering education. In N. Hyde-Clarke & C. Wikström-Grotell (Eds.), A Culture of Sustainability and Innovation in Professional Higher Education. Arcada Publication 1, 2017. Online. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-5260-84-7. Accessed 7.4.2020.
Andersson, M., Makkonen-Craig, S., Holm, M., & Lehtonen, K. (2018). Muoviosaamista tarvitaan kiertotaloudessa. UAS Journal 1/2018. https://uasjournal.fi/1-2018/muoviosaamista-kiertotaloudessa/. Accessed 7.4.2020.
Clic Innovation. (2017). Material Value Chains. Final report. Online. Available at: http://arvifinalreport.fi/ Accessed 7.4.2020
Hollister, M. (2020). AI can help with the COVID-19 crisis. Article. World Economic Forum. Online. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/covid-19-crisis-artificial-intelligence-creativity/. Accessed 7.4.2020
Jönkkäri, I., Poliakova, V., Mylläri, V., Anderson, R., Andersson, M., & Vuorinen, J. (2020). Compounding and characterization of recycled multilayer plastic films. Journal of Applied Polymer Sciences. Online. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.49101. Accessed 7.4.2020.
Lundstams Återvinning. (2020). News. Online. https://www.lundstams.se/robotisering. Accessed 7.4.2020.
Mylläri, V., Hartikainen, S., Poliakova, V., Anderson, R., Jönkkäri, I., Pasanen, P., Andersson, M. & Vuorinen, J. (2016). Detergent impurity effect on recycled HDPE: Properties after repetitive processing, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133(31), 43766. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.43766
Rao, A., & Vazquez, J. (2020). Identification of COVID-19 Can be Quicker through Artificial Intelligence framework using a Mobile Phone-Based Survey in the Populations when Cities/Towns Are Under Quarantine. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.61
World Economic Forum. (2018). Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for the Earth. Report. Online. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/Harnessing_Artificial_Intelligence_for_the_Earth_report_2018.pdf. Accessed 7.4.2020.
YLE News. (2020). Struggling to keep up, Finland exports plastic waste. News. Online. https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/struggling_to_keep_up_finland_exports_plastic_waste/11224544. Accessed 7.4.2020.
ZenRobotics. (2019). Robots Ready and Set at SORTERA. News. Online. https://zenrobotics.com/news/robots-ready-and-set-at-sortera/. Accessed 7.4.2020. | https://uasjournal.fi/2-2020/artificial-intelligence-for-sustainability/ |
This Division focuses on the development of technological and social innovations for a resource-light and sustainable economy and life.
Designing sustainable products and services requires comprehensive knowledge regarding their material composition. Therefore, we analyse material and carbon footprints of products, technologies, companies, value chains, households, and individuals. We use indicators of international and national sustainability strategies (SDG, German Sustainability Strategy) in order to evaluate their contribution to sustainable development. We indicate strengths and weaknesses within entire value chains through the application of our Hot Spot Analysis. Moreover, we explore technological and social innovation options that promote both sustainable economic and social activities. Our research results identify underlying potentials for a transition towards resource efficient and decarbonised societies and thus reveal respective possibilities for interventions and decision-making processes. One example is our online resource calculator that illustrates daily resource consumption (daily routines, requirements). Guiding questions include; how much time do we spent for specific activities? How much financial and natural resources are required respectively? Which products and services do we need? Those calculations are needed in order to integrate environmental and socioeconomic data (companies, milieu- and lifestyle typology, as well as time-, expenditure-, and resource profiles). From theses analyses, we can derive specific and general targets, practical road maps (measures) and scenarios addressing efficiency, sufficiency and consistency. For the research area of nutrition we have developed the Nutrition Footprint that combines health and environmental criteria.
Low resource economies and societies require completely new technologies, products, services, and lifestyle patterns. Besides, rebound effects (unintended impact of innovations) and their economical, environmental and social impact are assessed at an early stage.
Overview of our key research areas:
Management systems and instruments offer structures and orientation. They support companies and institutions in achieving their gaols and show their sustainability performance (internal and external). We analyse and accelerate the link between management instruments and transition challenges in terms of resource and energy transformation. Without consistent management systems, resources (environment, money, competences) are wasted due to their inefficient and ineffective use. Therefore, we elaborate approaches for sustainable leadership in business starting from product effectiveness up to societal transformation as a major corporate challenge (markets of the future). Taking this into account, we develop practical solutions for companies, business divisions and locations. Thus, we apply an active user and household driven research method for designing value chain management tools.
Crucial determinants for sustainable transformation encompass not only the extend of resource consumption (most resource intensive sectors are housing, mobility, nutrition) but also so-called ‘enabling’ sectors, such as, information and communication technologies, logistics, extractive industry, metal and paint industry, mechanical engineering, as well as education. We develop transformative concepts together with multinational companies in order to tackle upcoming global mega trends. Moreover, we elaborate these concepts under realistic conditions within the framework of so-called LivingLabs enabling companies, clients, households, and other stakeholders to be an integrated part of sustainable innovation processes (stakeholder management). Such stakeholder-integrated setting allows for the development and testing of new business models and concepts for the creation of new markets. Additionally, households are integrated in these business models step by step to promote sociotechnical innovation. Finally, from these challenges regarding sustainability assessment and sustainability management we can deduct corresponding structural requirements in terms of policy instruments, -measures, and -recommendations, as well as standardisation and certification approaches.
Overview of our key research areas
Ideas and innovations finally become products, services and infrastructures. They do not only represent our values, mindset and culture but also determine the total energy- and resource demand of our economy and society.
It is crucial to understand our cultural framework and human routines in order to promote change with awareness and passion. A review of innovations within the last two decades illustrates that the world is characterised by change. A transformation of economy and society is constantly taking place, especially in terms of society and culture. We observe those developments and use the results in our research regarding production and consumption patterns. We analyse our daily routines (living and working), daily practises (analysis of lifestyles) and communication (media analysis). We use our action model for sustainable production and consumption and combine it with a multidimensional micro modelling approach in order to explore realistic models of change (see Kristof, 2011). Furthermore, we link approaches of modern consumer research (LivingLab approach, transformation theories, lifestyle typology) and models of organisational theory (corporate culture) with the transition design approach. By this, we can text, experience and explore concepts of low resource product service systems (LivingLab cities / disctricts / households / companies).
Transformation of our economy and society requires specific competencies in order to initiate and foster change. We develop didactic instruments for education and transfer of knowledge (experience-based learning) for a wide range of learning contexts (see related topic of education for sustainable development). Exhibitions, museums or online tools enable interactive learning experiences.
By this, we can develop long-lasting sustainable product service systems as well as narratives of low resource production and consumption patterns.
Overview of our key research areas: | https://wupperinst.org/en/divisions/sustainable-production-and-consumption/profile/ |
Key Themes of Summit 2015
Like every year, we build the conversation in consultation with the different working groups and with inputs from our adviosrs on what are contemporary issues being discussed by industry.
In this year's summit we will be having a conversation on the following themes:
- Smart Sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) in creating Sustainable Facilities:
- In Commercial buildings and Industrial facilities, resource efficiency is increasingly being driven by smartly cutting down on resource usage. The conversation would showcase applications of smart sensors, solutions that leverage the Internet of Things (IoT), applications of utility tracking software, big-data for machine learning as well as the kind of return on investment (ROI) which exist in various use cases.
- Raising the bar on Energy Efficient manufacturing: convergence of technology, market and policy:
- The Summit would focus on initiatives such as Make in India campaign, Smart Cities Campaign to present the policy outlook, Best Available Techniques (BAT) developments, and key market trends.
- Re-interpreting water-risk and the future of closed loop manufacturing that use water: Turning water-scarcity into a competitive advantage:
- Water intensive manufacturing in sectors such as textiles, pharma, paper and pulp, processed food, etc. have traditionally moved to regions where water is available. However with increasing water scarcity, the only option is for the manufacturing entities to look at Zero Liquid Discharge. There are cases of manufacturing entities successfully migrating to zero liquid discharge and still remaining competitively priced. The Summit would explore water scarcity as a driver of innovation, policy enforcement outlook and the role of industrial symbiosis in reducing cost of water.
- Bio-mimicry and alternative materials by 2020:
- The Summit would focus on emerging applications of biomimicry and green-chemistry approaches to designing alternate materials for improving resource footprint of the end product, use of phase change materials. The Summit would delve into use cases and their timelines, outlook of investors behind key start-ups and the research funds available.
- Material and waste reuse
- The Summit would focus on uncovering value and wealth from waste and on technologies for waste reuse.
- Creating Sustainable Brands through market action:
- The Summit would focus on branding and actions that encourage sustainable consumption or responsible waste disposal, innovative solutions and approaches for promoting sustainable behaviour amongst consumers, creating innovative and collaborative models for promoting sustainable packaging leading to zero waste.
- Innovation towards Sustainability through big data and analytics:
- The Summit would focus on new algorithms for working with sustainability and resource data, making meaning from data from track and trace systems, footprint management, using data emerging from the Internet of Things.
- Disruptive Innovations driving Energy Access and Decentralized Systems:
- This would include technological innovations across DRE (Decentralized Renewable Energy) value chain, in power generation, power conditioning systems, grid-interactivity, load management, etc. as also, newer business models allowing for rapid adoption of DRE systems in various rural settings.
- Climate finance and Sustainability- Next steps beyond Paris:
- Exploring newer avenues of climate financing that are on the horizon.
- Sustainability Reporting and the changes since the introduction of the BRR (Business Responsibility Report):
- Sustainability Outlook's score card of India Inc's performance on Sustainability has shown significant traction and uptake of the BRR (Business Responsibility Report) since 2014. The Summit will discuss India Inc's performance in 2015 and outlook for 2016. | http://sblf.sustainabilityoutlook.in/annual-summit-2015/attendees |
Cities of Tomorrow: Framing the Future
Cities of Tomorrow: Framing the Future has been selected as the focal topic for the 6th Urban Research and Knowledge Symposium to be held in Barcelona, Spain from October 8-10, 2012. The Symposium is being organized by the World Bank as part of the activities under the Urbanization Knowledge Platform in conjunction with the City of Barcelona, and some key partners.
URKS6 is part of a broader analytic and evidence-based research program conducted by the World Bank and its network of partners. Previous Urban Research Symposia have been designed to stimulate the production and dissemination of urban-city research with emphasis on practical application that can help policy-making in developing countries.
Launched in 2002, the Symposium provides a global forum for researchers from developed and developing countries to share research and results, as well as to identify and discuss urban themes that are most pertinent from both research and policymaking perspectives. While following the traditional Symposia format, URKS6 features several innovations:
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it will initiate a process to inform policy choices that can help policymakers manage potential economic efficiency, environmental sustainability and social equity trade-offs associated with rapid urbanization;
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it will attract ongoing evidence-based analytic work from developing and developed countries to highlight (if and) how urbanization challenges and feasible policy options vary across levels of development and institutional capacities;
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it will showcase practitioner-led innovations that have helped in economic and social transformation of cities;
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it will develop an evidence-based longer term research program to identify new urbanization challenges and strategies over the horizon.
The Concept Note of the 6th Urban Research and Knowledge Symposium (available at www.urbanknowledge.org/urks6) provides further background on the Symposium’s objectives and modalities. The URKS6 is expected to attract over 1,000 participants.
Analytic Clusters
The research questions under each Analytic Cluster should be approached in an inter-disciplinary manner to illuminate the three knowledge dimensions of,
Research - urban knowledge/research gaps and frontier research; Policy – current public policy debates, gaps and innovations; and/or Practice – transformative practices, gaps and evidence-based approaches adaptable to various contexts.
The 3 Analytic Clusters are,
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Economic Structure: how to effectively understand the opportunities and threats of the systems of cities, and maximize cities’ comparative advantages in a positive sum game that contributes to local and national objectives of job creation, innovation and entrepreneurship;
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Social Structure: how to effectively address the social dimensions of cities in the face of uncertainty, and reduce persistent inefficiency, and social exclusion associated with demography, migration, and social mobility, among others;
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Spatial Structure: how to maximize national and local benefits of urbanization and mitigate its negative impacts in the context of a city’s physical structure, considering elements such as urban planning (form, density, optimum size, etc.), transportation systems, energy and resource efficiency, among others.
Two crosscutting Clusters,
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Governance: how to define the most effective and efficient allocation of functional responsibilities and partnerships among various levels of government and stakeholders in different political economies; how can metropolitan management be made more effective for sustainable urban development in the face of uncertainty;
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Sustainability: how to enable environmental sustainability, and effectively plan, develop and manage livable, productive and inclusive cities in the face of climate change and other unexpected challenges; and what are the key urban policies and lessons from cities that could help inform rapidly urbanizing cities in developing countries to achieve sustainability.
Procedures for Participation
The participation fee per person for this event is €400. The World Bank has the right to waive this fee on a need-based basis, with preference given to participants from developing countries. | https://journals.openedition.org/netcom/264 |
With the aim of detecting cosmological gas accretion onto galaxies of the local Universe, we examined the Ha emission in the halo of the 164 galaxies in the field of view of MUSE-Wide (Urrutia+19) with observable Ha (redshift < 0.42). An exhaustive screening of the Ha images led us to select 118 reliable Ha emitting gas clouds. To our surprise, around 38 % of the time the Ha line profile shows a double peak centered at the rest-frame of the corresponding galaxy. We have explored several physical scenarios to explain this Ha emission, among which accretion disks around rogue intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) fit the observations best. I will describe the data analysis (to discard, e.g, instrumental artifacts and high redshift interlopers), the properties of the Ha emitting clumps (their fluxes, peak separation, and spatial distribution with respect to the central galaxy), and the arguments leading to the IMBH hypothesis rather than other alternatives (e.g., cosmological gas, expanding bubbles, or shocks in the circum galactic medium).
Abstract
Gravitational dynamical friction affecting the orbits of globular clusters (GCs) was studied extensively as a possible formation mechanism for nuclear star clusters in galaxies. In well-known examples that showcase this phenomenon, like the Milky Way and M31 galaxies, the medium which affects the dynamical friction is dominated by bulge stars. In comparison, the case for dynamical friction in dark matter-dominated systems is much less clear. A puzzling example is the Fornax dwarf galaxy, where the observed positions of GCs have long been suspected to pose a challenge for dark matter, dynamical friction theory, or both. We search for additional systems that are dark matter-dominated and contain a rich population of GCs, offering a test of the mechanism. A possible example is the ultra diffuse galaxy NGC5846-UDG1: we show that GC photometry in this galaxy provide evidence for the imprint of dynamical friction, visible via mass segregation. If confirmed by future analyses of more GC-rich UDG systems, these observations could provide a novel perspective on the nature of dark matter.
Abstract
The field of Galactic archaeology has been very active in recent years, with a major influx of data from the Gaia satellite and large spectroscopic surveys. The major science questions in the field include Galactic structure and dynamics, the accretion history of the Milky Way, chemical tagging, and age-abundance relations. I will give an overview of GALAH as a large spectroscopic survey, and describe how it is complementary to other ongoing and future survey projects. I will also discuss recent science highlights from the GALAH team and compelling questions for future work.
Abstract
In the local universe most of the stellar mass is in passive galaxies, where star formation is
absent or at very low levels. Understanding what are the mechanisms that have been
responsible for quenching star formation in galaxies, and transforming them into passive,
quiescent systems, is one of the main observational and theoretical challenges of extragalactic
astrophysics. I will give a brief overview of the several possible quenching causes and physical
processes that have been proposed so far, ranging from feedback from black hole accretion and
starburst activity, to effects associated with the large scale environment in which galaxies live.
Although most of these mechanisms and causes play a role in different classes of galaxies and
at different epochs, multi-band observations are providing growing evidences that just a few of
them play the key, dominant role.
I will conclude by providing prospects for further investigating these aspects and tackling open
questions with the next generation of observing facilities.
Abstract
This talk will be dedicated to luminous (LBol~1E47 erg/s),
high-redshift quasars, which are ideal targets to investigate (i) feedback
from SMBHs, and (ii) the early growth phases of giant galaxies. I will
present evidence of SMBH-driven outflows at all Cosmic epochs, back to
the early Universe. These outflows involve all gas phases (molecular,
neutral, ionised) and extend on nuclear to galactic and circum-galactic
scales. I will report on the first systematic study of the molecular gas
properties in the host-galaxies of the most luminous quasars, fundamental
to probe the impact of SMBH feedback on the host-galaxy evolution. I will
show that luminous quasars pinpoint high-density sites where giant galaxies
assemble, and I will discuss the major contribution of mergers to the final
galaxy mass. To this aim, I will present a wealth of multi-wavelength (UV
to sub-millimeter) observations from the WISE/SDSS hyper-luminous quasars
survey at z~2-5 (WISSH), and recent results from the ESO large program
XQR-30, the Ultimate X-SHOOTER Legacy Survey of Quasars at the Reionization
epoch.
Abstract
At present, our understanding of the formation history of the MW is limited due to the complexity of observing the imprints of accretion events and of reproducing them in numerical simulations. Moreover, though being the only galaxy, in which the Galactic potential can be probed in detail, the distribution of mass in the MW, and hence of the dark matter, is poorly constraint, especially at large distances. In addition, the MW is not isolated, and it has recently been suggested that the infall of the LMC can induce a perturbation in the stellar and dark matter distribution of the MW. As a consequence, the details of the formation history of our Galaxy are still unknown, such as the number of accretion events, the mass of the accreted galaxies, and the epoch of these events. Yet this information is crucial to understand our environment and to constrain the theoretical models and simulations that try to reproduce it.
One of the major challenges of the field is that a tremendous number of multi-aspect (astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic) observations at significant depth is required to study the morphology, the kinematics and the chemistry of the outskirts of our Galaxy, where are located the signatures of these events. Hopefully, the advent of recent and incoming complementary large surveys, such as the European Gaia mission, UNIONS (Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey), Pristine, Pan-STARRS (PS), WEAVE or LSST (Legacy Survey of Space and Time), is offering a new global point of view on our Galaxy’s halo, allowing us to precisely probe the Galactic potential our the MW, and to retrace itsaccretion history.
In this talk I will present recent works that have been conducted to better catarerized our Galaxy and its history with some of the existing surveys mentioned above. In addition, I will present the major improvement that will bring this new generation of large, multi-aspect surveys, to study both our Galactic history, as well as the fundamental nature of the dark matter.
Abstract
(This seminar is organized by the IAU G5 commission on stellar and planetary atmospheres)
Task-based computing is a method where computational problems are split
into a large number of semi-independent tasks (cf.
2018MNRAS.477..624N). The method is a general one, with application not
limited to traditional grid-based simulations; it can be applied with
advantages also to particle-based and hybrid simulations, which involve
both particles and fields. The main advantages emerge when doing
simulations of very complex and / or multi-scale systems, where the
cost of updating is very unevenly distributed in space, with perhaps
large volumes with very low update cost and small but important regions
with large update costs.
Possible applications in the context of stellar atmospheres include
modelling that covers large scales, such as whole active regions on the
Sun or even the entire Sun, while at the same time allows resolving
small-scale details in the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. In
the context of planetary atmospheres, models of pebble-accreting hot
primordial atmospheres that cover all scales, from the surfaces of
Mars- and Earth-size embryos to the scale heights of the surrounding
protoplanetary disks, have already been computed (2018MNRAS.479.5136P,
2019MNRAS.482L.107P), and one can envision a number of applications
where the task-based computing advantage is leveraged, for example to
selectively do the detailed chemistry necessary to treat atmospheres
saturated with evaporated solids, or to do complex cloud chemistry
combined with 3-D radiative transfer.
In the talk I will give a quick overview of the principles behind
task-based computing, and then use both already published and still
on-going work to illustrate how this may be used in practice. I will
finish by discussing how these methods could be applied with great
advantage to problems such as non-equilibrium ionization, non-LTE
radiative transfer, and partial redistribution diagnostics of spectral
lines.
Abstract
The improvement on the Imaging Air Cherenkov Technique led to the discovery of a new class of compact binaries: the gamma-ray binaries. This small class consist of only five members, all of them composed by a massive star and a compact object. The nature of the compact object is unknown for all of them but PSR B1259-63, which contains a pulsar. It is crucial to study and monitor these systems not only to understand their behavior, the scenario accounting for the gamma-ray emission and their nature but also to comprehend why we have not detected more sources of this exclusive family. In this presentation, I will review the state-of-the-art of this field and I will present the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes in order to unveil the nature of gamma-ray binaries.
Abstract
MASTER-Kislovodsk auto-detection system discovered a faint transient in the Andromeda galaxy on January 13th 2015. It was originally identified as a classical nova and received designation M31N 2015-01a. Further observations showed discrepancies with the spectra and lightcurves typical for the classical novae. The transient was re-identified as a likely stellar merger (aka Luminous Red Nova (LRN)), similar to V838Mon. In this presentation I will deliver a short overview of our current understanding of this class of objects and a summary of the current state of the ongoing observing campaign of the M31 LRN. Recent results will be discussed with a particular emphasis on the contributions made possible by GTC and other observing facilities at Observatorio Roque de los Muchachos. At the final part of the presentation I will touch on follow up observations once M31 is available for observations again.
Abstract
This paper discusses how cosmic gas accretion controls star formation, and summarizes the physical properties expected for the cosmic gas accreted by galaxies. The paper also collects observational evidence for gas accretion sustaining star formation. It reviews evidence inferred from neutral and ionized hydrogen, as well as from stars. A number of properties characterizing large samples of star-forming galaxies can be explained by metal-poor gas accretion, in particular, the relationship between stellar mass, metallicity, and star formation rate (the so-called fundamental metallicity relationship). They are put forward and analyzed. Theory predicts gas accretion to be particularly important at high redshift, so indications based on distant objects are reviewed, including the global star formation history of the universe, and the gas around galaxies as inferred from absorption features in the spectra of background sources. | http://iactalks.iac.es/talks/keyword/239 |
Convenor(s): Varsha Ramachandran ,
Kathryn Kreckel ,
Stefanie Walch-Gassner ,
Ralf Klessen ,
Andreas Sander ,
Helge Todt
U Potsdam, ARI/ZAH, U Köln, ITA/ZAH, Armagh Observatory
Understanding the interplay between stars and gas is of fundamental importance across many fields of astrophysics. Stars interact with their surrounding interstellar medium (ISM) through ionizing radiation, stellar winds, and supernovae (SNe), depositing energy, momentum, mass, and metals. Subsequently, stellar feedback drives the evolution of the parental cloud and regulates the formation of new stars. The processes of star formation and feedback happen at cloud scales within galaxies, but they also play a critical role in galaxy evolution. The stellar feedback is necessary for forming realistic galaxies in simulations and to account for observed galaxy properties such as inefficient star formation, the life-cycle of giant molecular clouds, and turbulence in the ISM.
Among stars, the massive ones are the dominant feedback agents and dynamically shape the ISM on timescales of a few million years. Strong UV photons from massive stars create H II regions and photodissociation regions. Their winds and final core-collapse explosions are important sources of mechanical power, causing ISM turbulence and the formation of shells and bubbles. The combined impact of different feedback mechanisms in massive young stellar clusters leads to the formation of superbubbles that can drive galactic winds and outflows, which have been frequently observed in local as well as distant galaxies. A comparison of the energy, momentum, and metal contribution from stellar populations to the dynamics, chemistry, and morphology of the ISM is necessary to understand this cyclic process. Our goal is to bring together scientific communities who study stars, stellar populations, and their impact on the multi-phase ISM to address and discuss stellar feedback and star formation.
New generation instruments and large surveys (Gaia, MUSE, 4MOST, SDSS-V/MWM and LVM) give rise to multi-wavelength studies of resolved stellar populations and trace the detailed structure of the ISM. On the theoretical side, higher-resolution and more realistic numerical simulations of ISM and galaxy evolution allow us to study star formation and stellar feedback in detail. This splinter meeting will include recent theoretical and observational results and contribute to our current understanding of why and how stars affect their environment, the importance of different feedback processes, how feedback varies with different ISM conditions, and the impact on star formation. | https://ag2021.astronomische-gesellschaft.de/view_splinter.php?session=Stars |
December 01, 2017
In observations of galaxy clusters, astronomers in collaboration with the MPA discovered a new class of cosmic radio sources. With the digital radio telescope Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) they received the longest radio waves that can be measured on Earth. They identified a remarkable "tail"behind a galaxy in the radio light, which must have been re-energized after it had faded away. In the journal Science Advances, the team describes this discovery, which either confirms a theoretical prediction on the interaction between shock waves and radio plasma or represents a novel phenomenon.
more
November 01, 2017
A team of astrophysicists from Queen’s University Belfast, the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), and Monash University (Australia) has, for the first time, performed three-dimensional computer simulations that follow the evolution of a massive star from its final phase of nuclear burning, through the collapse of the stellar iron core, into the first seconds of the beginning explosion as a supernova. The simulations show that the large-scale violent convective motions that stir the oxygen burning layer at the onset of collapse can provide crucial support for the explosion of the star.
more
October 01, 2017
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are spectacular explosions in white dwarf stars and play an essential role in astrophysics in general and in cosmological studies in particular. However, many puzzles about the nature and the inherent physical mechanisms in SNe Ia are still waiting to be answered. Robotic surveys of the next decade will provide an unprecedented wealth of observed Type Ia supernovae, detected shortly after explosion. Researchers at MPA examine here whether different explosion models are expected to leave clear imprints in such early observations that could be used in future photometric surveys to help shedding light on the progenitors and explosion mechanism of SNe Ia.
more
September 01, 2017
The centre of the Milky Way is a very special place, harboring many exotic objects, such as the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* and giant molecular clouds. Some of these clouds, despite being cold, are sources of high energy photons. It is believed that the clouds are not producing these photons themselves, but rather scatter the X-ray radiation coming from outside. Even though Sgr A* is currently very faint in X-rays, it is considered as the main culprit of this radiation, in the form of short but intense flares, which happened over the past few hundred years. The time delay caused by light propagation from Sgr A* to the clouds and then to us, allows one to study Sgr A*’s past activity. At the same time, flares serve as an extremely powerful probe of molecular gas properties. In particular, the full 3D structure of molecular clouds and their density distribution on small scales can be reconstructed.
more
August 01, 2017
Using three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA) have studied thick accretion disks orbiting around black holes. They find that weak magnetic fields can suppress the development of large-scale over-densities in the accretion flow. The onset of magnetic turbulence reshapes the disk's structure and could even quench the gravitational-wave signal produced by the accreting torus without magnetic fields.
more
July 01, 2017
The magnetic fields of the Milky Way cause electrons with nearly the speed of light to rotate and to emit radio waves. As consequence, this radiation should also "rotate" slightly, it is circularly polarized. This very weak circular polarization of the Milky Way, however, has not been observed so far. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics and colleagues have now predicted some properties of this polarization and created a "wanted poster" to allow targeted searches. A measurement of the circular polarization would provide important insights into the structure of the galactic magnetic fields and confirm that electrons - and not positrons - are the source of this radio emission in the Milky Way.
more
June 01, 2017
Only a small fraction of the stars that form in the Milky Way are much more massive than our Sun and explode as supernovae type II at the end of their lifetimes. Still, these high-mass stars influence the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM) much more than their small number might suggest, both by their intense radiation and powerful winds (“pre-supernova feedback”) and through their violent supernova explosions (“supernova feedback”). Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, in the framework of the SILCC collaboration, use complex supercomputer simulations to investigate the detailed impact of the different feedback processes on the ISM with conditions similar to our solar neighborhood. Ionizing radiation from young, massive stars dominates their energy output and can exceed the energy released during supernova explosions by an order of magnitude. Only if the simulation includes this radiative feedback and the momentum input from stellar winds are the results consistent with observations of the ISM and the star formation rate is reduced.
more
May 01, 2017
It is widely known that our planet Earth and the Solar System itself are embedded in the Milky Way, and it is through this galaxy that we look out onto the Universe. As it turns out, this has a larger impact on astrophysical studies than previously thought. Our Galaxy’s gravitational field and its non-uniformity limit the accuracy of astrometric observations of distant – extragalactic – objects. An international group of astrophysicists including a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics tried to find out how strong this effect is.
more
April 01, 2017
In the standard cosmological model, dark matter makes up roughly 25 % of the total energy budget of the Universe. However it cannot be observed directly, since it does not emit light. Understanding the way dark matter clusters together and forms structures is of crucial importance since it would help our understanding of the observed spatial distribution of galaxies (which should closely follow the dark matter distribution) and link this with early-Universe physics and the origin of initial perturbations. In this context, researchers at MPA and in other institutions worldwide came up with a new way of simulating the impact of large-scale primordial perturbations on the abundance of structures observed at late times, the so-called separate universe simulations. Using this technique, the MPA researchers recently obtained some of the most precise measurements of the local bias, confirming the known trend that more massive halos are more biased than smaller halos.
more
March 01, 2017
In collaboration with researchers from the USA, MPA scientists have mounted a series of ambitious experiments that use a combination of quasar absorption-line spectra, neutral hydrogen line data, and state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to probe the interface between galaxies and their surrounding gaseous environment. The researchers found that galaxies with gas-rich disks are embedded within gas-rich halos and that the gas in these halos is distributed smoothly and relatively isotropically.
more
February 01, 2017
The origin of the current accelerated expansion of the Universe remains one of the major unsolved mysteries in physics today. While this could be a sign of the mysterious “Dark Energy”, this puzzling observation might also be evidence for the inadequacy of Einstein’s theory of General Relativity (GR) to describe the law of gravity on very large cosmological scales. These considerations would have strong implications on our understanding of fundamental physics, warranting dedicated studies such as the one undertaken recently by researchers at MPA and MPE. In this work, the authors created mock universes with non-GR theories of gravity to test the validity of current observational methods to determine the rate at which structures grow in the Universe. This allowed them to place bounds on how much the current data allows the Universe to depart from Einstein’s prediction. Reassuringly, current observational methods do not show evidence for a biased performance when tested on mock universes with modified gravity.
more
January 01, 2017
Why do galaxies that live in the enormous structures known as galaxy clusters look different from normal, isolated galaxies, such as our Milky Way? To answer this question, an international research team led by MPA has created the Hydrangea simulations, a suite of 24 high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy clusters. Containing over 20,000 cluster galaxies in unprecedented detail and accuracy, these simulations provide astrophysicists with a powerful tool to understand how galaxies have formed and evolved in one of the most extreme environments of our Universe. | https://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/news_publication_overview/751807/more_items |
I will present a series of idealized three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations that we use to study the dynamics and thermal structure of the circumgalactic medium (CGM). Our simulations quantify the role of cooling, galactic winds driven by stellar feedback, and cosmological accretion of gas in setting the properties of the CGM in dark matter halos ranging from 1011-1012 M⊙. As in calculations without stellar feedback, we find that above a critical halo mass of 1011.5 M⊙, halo gas is supported by thermal pressure created in the virial shock. The thermal properties of the halo gas at small radii (near any central galaxy) are regulated by feedback triggered when tcool/ tff ≲ 10 in the hot halo gas. Below the critical halo mass, however, there is no thermally supported halo and self-regulation at tcool/ tff~10 does not apply. Instead, the halo gas properties are determined by the interaction between the cosmological inflow of gas and the outgoing galactic winds. The halo gas is not in hydrostatic equilibrium, but is supported against gravity by bulk flows (turbulence and coherent inflow/outflow), and its phase structure depends on both the energy per unit mass and the mass-loading factor of the galaxy outflows. The properties of our idealized simulations can account for some of the properties of the multiphase halo gas inferred from HST-COS observations, including the presence of significant mass at a wide range of temperatures, and the characteristic OVI column densities and kinematics. I will also briefly mention a related project in which we adopt a similar idealized approach applied to the launching of galactic winds by supernovae with the goal of self-consistently determining how the wind velocity and mass-loading scale with host galaxy properties.
|Oct. 5||Yan-Fei Jiang||
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Understanding AGN Accretion Disks based on 3D Global Radiation MHD Simulations with Realistic Opacity
Although AGN unification model is very successful to explain many observational properties of AGN, little progress has been made to understand the physical properties of the inner accretion disks, where most of the photons are emitted. The standard thin disk model, which has been widely used to model the accretion disks, causes a lot of puzzles for AGN disks theoretically and cannot easily explain recent micro-lensing observations and timing analysis of quasars. I will first point out that the iron opacity bump can significant change the structures and properties of AGN accretion disks compared to case with dominated electron scattering opacity. Then I will show a series of global 3D radiation MHD simulations for AGNs for a wide range of accretion rates. The iron opacity bump increases the disk thickness and drive strong outflow from the disk. I will also discuss implications of these simulations for understanding AGNs and their interactions with the host galaxies.
|Oct. 12||
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|Oct. 19||Daniel Masters||
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The redshift evolution of strong emission line ratios reflects a link between N/O ratio and galaxy stellar mass
The offset of high redshift star-forming galaxies in the classical [OIII]/H-β vs. [NII]/H-α BPT diagnostic diagram in comparison with the local star-forming galaxy sequence is now well established. The physical origin of the shift is the subject of some debate, with potentially important implications for metallicity estimation at all redshifts. I will present results from an investigation of the BPT shift using a sample of ~100,000 star-forming galaxies from SDSS DR12. This sample (which includes numerous high-redshift "analogs") lets us determine how galaxy physical properties - in particular, star formation rate density, ionization parameter, N/O ratio, and stellar mass - drive position in key emission line diagnostic diagrams. I will present evidence that a relation between the nitrogen-to-oxygen (N/O) ratio and galaxy stellar mass underlies the observed BPT offset, and is more fundamental than the well-studied relation between N/O and O/H. The relation between N/O ratio and stellar mass induces a mass-dependence in the BPT diagram, such that the BPT shift observed in high redshift galaxies reflects the evolution of the mass-metallicity (MZ) relation. I will discuss implications of this result for metallicity measurements based on strong lines at high redshift, as well as for the proposed fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) between metallicity, star-formation rate, and stellar mass.
|Oct. 26||Greg Salvesen||
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Rethinking Black Hole Accretion Disks
I am a new postdoc at UCSB and in this talk I will highlight some of my previous work on accretion disks around black holes, which exhibit some amazing phenomena. Black hole X-ray binaries showcase complicated cycles of dramatic brightening and dimming accompanied by observable changes in the accretion disk spectrum. This disk evolution is often attributed to the migration of the inner disk edge, but can alternatively be explained by changes to the disk atmosphere. Properly understanding the observed disk spectrum also has important consequences for black hole spin measurements. I'll also discuss results from zoomed-in (shearing box) accretion disk simulations showing that the properties and behavior of the disk become particularly interesting in the presence of a strong magnetic field.
|Nov. 2||
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|Nov. 9||
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|Nov. 16||Joseph Burchett||
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Large-scale environment and the CGM: the hidden variables of galaxy transformation?
While the environments in which galaxies live have long been known to correlate with their star formation activity and morphology, the mechanisms inducing these effects, particularly at low environmental densities, are not well understood. I will present results leveraging the HST/COS archive, SDSS, and my own observational campaign showing that properties of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) strongly correlate with galaxy environment across a wide range of densities, from voids to clusters. Because these effects are evident on scales of even moderately populated groups, the implications are quite profound: Environmental processes are first detectable in the galaxies' halo gas, well before effects arise in their stellar or neutral gas components. In turn, UV absorption line spectroscopy provides detailed thermal, chemical, and kinematic information about this intervening medium and offers key insight to the previously 'hidden variables' driving such phenomena as quenching and galactic conformity. | http://web.physics.ucsb.edu/~seminars/astro/F16abstracts.html |
The physical mechanism(s) that generate and accelerate the solar wind have not been conclusively determined after decades of study, though not for lack of possibilities. The long list of proposed processes can be grouped into two main paradigms: 1) models that require the rearranging of magnetic topology through magnetic reconnection in order to release energy and accelerate the wind and 2) models that require the launching of magnetoacoustic and Alfvén waves to propagate along the magnetic field and generate turbulence to heat the corona and accelerate the emanating wind. After a short overview of these paradigms, I will present my ongoing dissertation work that seeks to investigate the latter category of theoretical models and the role that different magnetic field profiles play in the resulting solar wind properties with Alfvén-wave-driven turbulent heating. I will describe the computer modeling in 1D and 3D that I have done of bundles of magnetic field (flux tubes) that are open to the heliosphere, and what our results can tell us about the influences of magnetic field on the solar wind in these flux tubes, including the latest time-dependent modeling that produces bursty, nanoflare-like heating. Additionally, I will present the latest results of our study of chromospheric network jets and the magnetic thresholds we are finding in magnetogram data.
The Chemical History and Evolution of Titan’s Atmosphere as Revealed by ALMA
Alexander Thelen, NMSU
Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, possesses a substantial atmosphere containing significant minorities of nitrile and hydrocarbon species, predominantly due to the photodissociation of the major gases, N2 and CH4. Titan’s methane cycle, liquid lakes, and complex organic chemistry make it an intriguing target through its similarities to Earth and the allure of its astrobiological potential. Though the existence of heavy nitrile species – such as CH3C3N, HC5N, and C3H7CN – has been inferred through Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) data, confirmation of these species has yet to be made spectroscopically. Other hydrocarbon species, such as C3H4 and C3H8 have been detected using Voyager’s Infrared Spectrometer (IRIS; Maguire et al., 1981) and later mapped by the Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS; Nixon et al., 2013) onboard Cassini, but abundance constraints for these species in the mesosphere is poor. To fully understand the production of these species and their spatial distribution in Titan’s atmosphere, vertical abundance profiles must be produced to use with current photochemical models. Utilizing early science calibration images of Titan obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), Cordiner et al. (2014; 2015) determined the vertical distribution of various nitriles and hydrocarbons in Titan’s atmosphere, including at least one previously undetected molecule – C2H5CN. For my dissertation project, I will calibrate and model sub-millimeter emissions from molecules in Titan’s atmosphere, and quantify variations in the spatial distribution of various species throughout its seasonal cycle by utilizing high resolution ALMA data. The main goals of this project are as follows:
1. To search for previously undetected molecules in Titan’s atmosphere through analysis of the existing public ALMA data, and/or through ALMA proposals of my own;
2. Constrain abundance profiles of detected molecular species, and provide upper abundance limits for those we cannot detect;
3. Map the spatial distribution of detected species in order to improve our understanding of Titan’s atmospheric transport and circulation;
4. Determine how these spatial distributions change over Titan’s seasonal cycle by utilizing multiple years of public ALMA data.
The majority of this work will employ the Non-linear Optimal Estimator for MultivariatE Spectral analySIS (NEMESIS) software package, developed by Oxford University (Irwin et al., 2008), to retrieve abundance and temperature information through radiative transfer models. These results will allow us to investigate the chemical evolution and history of Titan’s rich, pre-biotic atmosphere by providing valuable abundance measurements and constraints to molecular photochemical and dynamical models. We will compare our results with measurements made by the Cassini spacecraft, thereby enhancing the scientific return from both orbiter and ALMA datasets. The increased inventory of complex, organic molecules observable with ALMA’s sub-mm frequency range and high spatial resolution may also yield detections of species fundamental to the formation of living organisms, such as amino acids. Thus, by informing photochemical and dynamical models and increasing our known inventory of complex molecular species, we will also assess Titan’s potential habitability.
Title: JUNO
Reta Beebe
A .pdf of the talk can be found here.
Cold Gas and the Evolution of Early-type Galaxies
Lisa Young, New Mexico Tech
A major theme of galaxy evolution is understanding how today’s Hubble sequence was
established — what makes some galaxies red spheroidals and others blue disks, and what
drives their relative numbers and their spatial distributions. One way of addressing these
questions is that galaxies themselves hold clues to their formation in their internal
structures. Recent observations of early-type galaxies in particular (ellipticals and
lenticulars) have shown that their seemingly placid, nearly featureless optical images can
be deceptive. Kinematic data show that the early-type galaxies have a wide variety of
internal kinematic structures that are the relics of dramatic merging and accretion
events. A surprising number of the early-type galaxies also contain cold atomic and
molecular gas, which is significant because their transitions to the red sequence must
involve removing most of their cold gas (the raw material for star formation). We can now
also read clues to the evolution of early-type galaxies in the kinematics and the
metallicity of their gas, and possibly also in the rare isotope abundance patterns in the
cold gas. Numerical simulations are beginning to work on reproducing these cold gas
properties, so that we can place the early-type galaxies into their broader context.
(incomplete video)
Starless clumps and the earliest phases of high-mass star formation in the Milky Way
Brian Svoboda, NRAO Jansky Fellow
High-mass stars are key to regulating the interstellar medium, star formation activity, and overall evolution of galaxies, but their formation remains an open problem in astrophysics. In order to understand the physical conditions during the earliest phases of high-mass star formation, I will present observational studies we have carried out on dense starless clump candidates (SCCs) that show no signatures of star formation activity. We identify 2223 SCCs from the 1.1 mm Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey, systematically analyse their physical properties, and show that the starless phase is not represented by a single timescale, but evolves more rapidly with increasing clump mass. To investigate the sub-structure in SCCs at high spatial resolution, we investigate the 12 most high-mass SCCs within 5 kpc using ALMA. We find previously undetected low-luminosity protostars in 11 out of 12 SCCs, fragmentation equal to the thermal Jeans length of the clump, and no starless cores exceeding 30 solar masses. While uncertainties remain concerning the star formation efficiency in this sample, these observational facts are consistent with models where high-mass stars form from initially low- to intermediate-mass protostars that accrete most of their mass from the surrounding clump. I will also present on-going research studying gas inflow signatures with GBT/Argus and ALMA, and the dense core mass function with the JVLA.
(note:slide overlay error)
An Observer’s Examination of the Circumgalactic Medium using Cosmological Simulations
Rachel Marra, NMSU
A significant aspect to understanding galaxy evolution is having an understanding of the intricacies involving the inflow and outflow of baryons onto a galaxy. Gas needs to accrete onto the galaxy in order for star formation to occur, while stellar winds, supernovae, and radiation pressure result in the outflow of gas from the galaxy. The diffuse region around the galaxy that has gas from interstellar medium (ISM) inflows and intergalactic medium (IGM) outflows interacting is the circumgalactic medium (CGM). Studying the CGM will help us learn about the baryon cycle and give us a better understanding of galactic evolution.
The primary method to studying the CGM is through absorption, as the density is too low to detect emission. Studying these absorption features allows us to learn about the physical properties of the gas giving rise to the absorption. Other than through observations, cosmological simulations play a large role in how we learn about the CGM of galaxies. Using MOCKSPEC, the Quasar Absorption Line Analysis Pipeline, to create mock quasar sightlines through the VELA simulation suite of galaxies, we use the absorption features seen in the sightlines to study the CGM in the simulations. While there are many ions that are used to study the CGM, we focus on OVI.
We intend to study how effective our methods are for studying the CGM with both observations and simulations. The covering fraction of OVI for a sample of observed galaxies will be compared with the covering fraction that is found from a selection of LOS that probe simulated, Milky-Way type galaxies. This tells us if the simulations can reproduce the observations, and if they do not, we can gain insights as to why the simulations do not match observed data. We will also investigate if the metallicity calculated from an observed absorption feature reflects the actual metallicity of the probed gas by using mock sightlines through simulations. Additionally, we will do a comparison of different methodologies used to study the CGM in simulations, to determine if using mock quasar sightlines is a more realistic and accurate method to compare to observed data.
Charting the Outer Reaches of Exoplanetary Systems: Wide-Separation Giant Planet Demographics with Direct Imaging
Eric Nielsen, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University
Over the past decade, the combination of advances in adaptive optics, coronagraphy, and data processing has enabled the direct detection and characterization of giant exoplanets orbiting young, nearby stars. In addition to the wealth of information about exoplanetary atmospheres we obtain from spectroscopy of directly imaged planets, the demographics of these wide-separation planets allow us to directly test theories of planet formation, probing the outer planetary systems compared to transit and radial velocity techniques. In this talk I will present results from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey (GPIES), which surveyed 521 nearby stars for giant planet and brown dwarf companions orbiting beyond 5 AU, and is one of the largest, deepest direct imaging searches for exoplanets every conducted. The overall occurrence rate of substellar companions, and trends with companion mass, semi-major axis, and stellar mass are consistent with giant planets forming via core accretion, and point to different formation mechanisms for giant planets and brown dwarfs between 10 and 100 AU. | http://astronomy.nmsu.edu/calendar/action~agenda/page_offset~-1/time_limit~1569014099/cat_ids~30,102,133/tag_ids~29,178,243,161,99/request_format~html/ |
Astrophysics and Cosmology
The members of the Astronomy and Astrophysics group are among the leaders of their chosen areas of research. We are one of the largest astrophysics groups within a physics department in the country. The research conducted in our group is interwoven and dynamic, with six complementary focus areas.
Supernovae
Our group is among the top few internationally in supernova research. Baron and Kilic are interested in the systematics of how supernovae explode and what kinds of stars lead to different supernovae. Baron studies the spectra of the expanding supernova atmosphere to determine physical conditions and chemical abundances in the ejecta. Kilic observes compact binary star systems that may lead to supernovae explosions. Some of these binary systems are among the strongest gravitational wave sources known. Dai studies the populations of gamma-ray bursts and their jet breaks. We have set up a “supernova spectrum repository” - a Web site at which any astronomer can view all of the supernova spectra that we gather from observers. This makes us the “headquarters” of supernova spectra.
Cosmology
Cosmological research in our group is anchored in observational data and aims at gaining a deep understanding of our universe.
Dai uses galaxy clusters to study the distribution of dark matter, the baryon fraction in clusters, and dark energy. Baron studies the use of supernovae as distance indicators to remote galaxies to determine the age, size and fate of the universe. Baron also studies the systematic uncertainties of using supernovae as cosmological probes. Munshi uses cosmological simulations to study galaxy formation and constrain the nature of dark matter.
Extragalactic Astronomy
Extragalactic astronomy focuses on the chemical and dynamical evolution on a vast scale.
Dai and Leighly study Active Galactic Nuclei. The ultimate power source for Active Galactic Nuclei is thought to be accretion onto a supermassive blackhole. Their extensive program involves observations in the X-ray, optical, and infrared, and also theoretical modeling. Leighly studies the fundamental properties (covering fractions and column densities) of quasar outflows. Dai uses gravitational lensing to map the quasar accretion disk structure. Munshi studies how galaxies form and evolve using cosmological galaxy formation simulations that leverage supercomputers hosted at NASA and the NSF.
Extrasolar Planets and Circumstellar Disks
Extrasolar planets and circumstellar disks are studied by two of our faculty. Wisniewski uses multi-wavelength observational techniques, using ground- and space-based facilities, to investigate the structure, evolution, and origin of circumstellar disks. He studies spatially resolved images of protoplanetary and debris disks to search for morphological indicators for the presence of young exoplanets in these systems. Kilic studies the chemical composition of Earth-like planets around evolved stars by observing the remnants of such planets, debris disks.
Nucleosynthesis
When stars in the 1-8 solar mass range reach the end of their evolution, they shed outer portions of their atmospheres. The dying star left behind shrinks and gets hotter, and UV light from it causes the outer ring of gas to glow. This “planetary nebula” makes it relatively easy to study the chemical makeup of the gas. This image of NGC 7293, the Helix Nebula, was taken by Reginald Dufour of Rice University, using a CCD camera. Henry studies the chemical abundances of a variety of emission line objects with the goal of understanding stellar production rates and subsequent cosmic accumulation of elements such as C, N, O, Ne, S, and Ar. Kilic studies the chemical composition of Earth-like planets around evolved stars by observing the remnants of such planets, debris disks. Kilic uses white dwarf cosmochronology to measure the ages of the oldest stars in the Galactic disk and halo and to set limits on the age of the universe.
Observational Astronomy
Observational astronomy is the solid foundation that supports all of our research.
Our astronomers use ground- and space- based observatories to study supernovae, supernoave progenitors and remnants, Active Galactic Nuclei, galaxy clusters, gravitational wave sources, extrasolar planets, and debris disks. Our group has recently been awarded observing time on the ground-based MDM 2.4m, NASA IRTF 3m, APO 3.5m, KPNO 4m, Hale 5m, MMT 6.5m, Gemini 8m, Subaru 8.2m, Keck 10m, GTC 10.4m, LBT 12m telescopes and the space-based Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, XMM-Newton, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We use our 16-inch campus telescope for student training and weekly public star parties. Our graduate students host these star parties as well as a weekly journal club.
Computational physics studies on our 112 node Xserve cluster, at OU’s OSCER super computer, at Argonne National Laboratory, at the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center (NERSC) in Berkeley and with NSF XSEDE are also ongoing in the areas of supernovae, cosmology, Galactic chemical evolution, active galactic nuclei, and computational galaxy formation. Astronomy continues to be an exciting field with new ideas and new facilities emerging in the coming decade. We welcome the chance to work with motivated and qualified graduate students.
Research Areas
Faculty
Emeritus Faculty
Research Highlight: Munshi Galaxy Group
Prof. Munshi, in collaboration with scientists at Rutgers, Grinnell and UW ran two new computer simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies and their surroundings. They are the highest resolution simulations ever published of Milky Way-type galaxies. They are cosmological simulations, meaning that they start soon after the Big Bang and model the evolution of galaxies over the entire age of the Universe (almost 14 billion years). The high resolution allows us to achieve something that no one else has: we are able to model some of the lowest-mass of the Milky Way’s neighboring (“satellite”) galaxies. In recent years, “ultra-faint” satellites of the Milky Way have been discovered as digital sky surveys come online that can probe to fainter depths than ever before. While our own Milky Way contains about 100 billion stars and is thousands of lightyears across, ultra-faint galaxies contain a million times fewer stars, with less than 100 thousand stars (even as low as a few hundred stars), and are substantially smaller, spanning tens of lightyears. Our simulations allow us to begin to model these ultra-faint satellites for the first time around a cosmological simulation of a Milky Way, meaning they provide some of the first predictions for what future surveys will discover. Research in the Munshi Galaxy Group includes utilizing these simulations, dubbed the "DC Justice League" and extremely high resolution simulations of isolated dwarf galaxies (the "MARVEL-ous Dwarfs") to study galaxy formation and constrain the nature of dark matter using galaxies.
These simulations are only achievable by using powerful supercomputers with highly optimized code. Press release here. For a visualization of a simulation, click here.
Research Highlight: Star Chemistry
The Ring Nebula was formed when a Sun-like star nearing the end of its life ejected part of its atmosphere into the interstellar medium. The nebular gas itself is heated by the UV continuum from the remnant of the original star visible at the center of the Ring. Also shown is a slitless spectrum of the Ring, where an image of the nebula appears at wavelengths of bright nebular emission. Planetary nebulae are useful in Prof. Henry’s research in determining properties of the interstellar medium as well as for studying the evolution of stars like the Sun. Credits: Image, Hubble Heritage Team (NASA); Spectrum: Julie Skinner (former OU Astronomy undergraduate), using the 2.1 meter telescope at KPNO.
Research Highlight: OU-Apache Point Observatory Partnership
The University of Oklahoma has signed a 3-year lease agreement with the Astrophysical Research Consortium in Sunspot, NM (see the press release), giving its undergraduate students, graduate students, postdocs, and faculty access to research-grade 3.5m and 0.5m telescopes at the Apache Point Observatory. After being trained to use these facilities on-site in NM, OU astronomers will operate these telescopes from their offices in Norman. The agreement will help elevate OU’s astrophysics research profile and provide invaluable educational training to OU students.
Research Highlight: Active Galactic Nuclei
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) such as the one imaged here by the Hubble Space Telescope, are the most luminous, persistently emitting individual objects in the Universe. They can be seen at the largest distances, and provide a probe of the early Universe after structure formation. Used as a background light, absorption lines in their spectra trace nonluminous matter. They are powered by accretion onto black holes, and are key for understanding black hole demographics and the black hole mass function. Prof. Leighly works to understand how the primary physical parameters for black hole accretion, the black hole mass and accretion rate, manifest themselves in the broad band continuum and line emission from AGN. | https://www.nhn.ou.edu/research/astrophysics-and-cosmology |
Galaxy mergers are believed to play a key role in transforming star-forming disc galaxies into quenched ellipticals. Most of our theoretical knowledge about such morphological transformations does, however, rely on idealized simulations where processes such as cooling of hot halo gas into the disc and gas accretion in the post-merger phase are not treated in a self-consistent cosmological fashion. In this paper, we study the morphological evolution of the stellar components of four major mergers occurring at z = 0.5 in cosmological hydrodynamical zoom simulations. In all simulations, the merger reduces the disc mass fraction, but all galaxies simulated at our highest resolution regrow a significant disc by z = 0 (with a disc fraction larger than 24 per cent). For runs with our default physics model, which includes galactic winds from star formation and black hole feedback, none of the merger remnants are quenched, but in a set of simulations with stronger black hole feedback, we find that major mergers can indeed quench galaxies. We conclude that major merger remnants commonly evolve into star-forming disc galaxies, unless sufficiently strong active galactic nucleus feedback assists in the quenching of the remnant.
- Publication:
-
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Pub Date:
- October 2017
- DOI:
- 10.1093/mnras/stx1516
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1610.03850
- Bibcode:
- 2017MNRAS.470.3946S
- Keywords:
-
- methods: numerical;
- galaxies: evolution;
- galaxies: formation;
- galaxies: starburst;
- galaxies: star formation;
- cosmology: theory;
- Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
- E-Print: | https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MNRAS.470.3946S/abstract |
Authors: Philipp Girichidis et. al.
Galaxy evolution is a game of balance. Galaxies grow as they accumulate gas from what is called the intergalactic medium and as they merge with smaller galaxies. Over time, galaxies convert their gas into stars. This inflow of gas and the subsequent star formation is balanced out by the outflow of gas from galactic winds, through a process known as feedback. As suggested by observations and seen in simulations, these winds are driven by supernovae explosions that occur as stars die. Eventually, gas driven out may eventually fall back into the galaxy, continuing a stellar circle of life.
Although simulations have done a good job reproducing galaxy properties worrying about feedback from supernovae alone, this is far from the complete picture. Cosmic rays, or high energy protons, electrons, and nuclei moving near the speed of light, can create a significant pressure in galaxies through collisions with the gas in galaxies. Supernovae explosions are important sources of cosmic rays in galaxies. Simulating cosmic rays is computationally challenging, yet they may be very important for understanding the life cycle and structure of galaxies. In addition, since cosmic rays are charged particles, worrying about how they interact with magnetic fields in galaxies may be very important. The authors of today’s astrobite use hydrodynamic simulations with magnetic fields (or magnetohydrodynamics, MHD), cosmic rays, and supernovae to try and better understand their roles in driving galactic winds.
The authors aim to understand how supernovae, magnetic fields, and cosmic rays affect the evolution of gas contained within the disk of a galaxy. In particular, their test is to see what, if any, of the three best reproduces the density and temperature distribution of gas as a function of height above the gas disk. They perform three simulations of a galaxy disk, all three of which include magnetic fields. One simulation includes the thermal energy injected by supernovae explosions only, one includes cosmic rays generated by supernovae only, and the third includes both. The gas density of these three simulations are shown (left to right) in Figure 1, 250 million years after the start of the simulation.
Putting numbers to Figure 1, Figure 2 shows the gas density as a function of height above the disk for all three simulations: thermal supernovae energy only (black), cosmic rays only (blue), and both (red). The vertical lines show the position within which each simulation contains 90% of the gas mass. As shown, including only thermal supernovae energy produces a dense disk, with little gas above the disk. Adding in cosmic rays changes this significantly, driving out quite a lot of gas mass to large heights above the disk. This is in part because cosmic rays are able to quickly diffuse to large distances above the disk. The gas from the disk then flows out from the disk to large heights, following the large pressure gradient established by the cosmic rays. The cosmic ray simulations do a much better job of matching the yellow line, which gives observational estimates of the gas density above the disk of our Milky Way.
In addition, the authors go on to show that, over time, including cosmic rays serves to slowly grow the thickness of the gas disk, and quickly dumps gas at large heights above the disk. They also show that the mass flow rate of galactic winds generated by cosmic rays is nearly an order of magnitude greater than those generated by thermal energy injection alone.
This research aims to better describe the evolution of galaxies by including the effects of supernovae feedback as well as the not-well-understood effects of cosmic rays and magnetic fields in their simulations. Their work shows that cosmic rays are able to dive out a significant amount of gas from the disks of galaxies, potentially tilting the balance between gas inflow and star formation, and gas outflow. Understanding this process better with further work will bring the properties of simulated galaxies in better agreement with observed galaxies in our Universe. | https://astrobites.org/2015/10/01/cosmic-rays-make-for-windy-galaxies/ |
Дата и время публикации : 2013-01-18T21:00:02Z
Авторы публикации и институты :
Philip F. Hopkins (Caltech/Berkeley)
Dusan Keres (UCSD)
Norman Murray (CITA)
Ссылка на журнал-издание: Ссылка на журнал-издание не найдена
Коментарии к cтатье: 7 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS accepted (revised to match published version)
Первичная категория: astro-ph.CO
Все категории : astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.GA
Краткий обзор статьи: Rapid accretion of cold gas plays a crucial role in getting gas into galaxies. It has been suggested that this accretion proceeds along narrow streams that might also directly drive the turbulence in galactic gas, dynamical disturbances, and bulge formation. In cosmological simulations, however, it is impossible to isolate and hence disentangle the effect of accretion from internal instabilities and mergers. Moreover, in most cosmological simulations, the phase structure and turbulence in the ISM arising from stellar feedback are treated in a sub-grid manner, so that feedback cannot generate ISM turbulence. In this paper we therefore test the effects of cold streams in extremely high-resolution simulations of otherwise isolated galaxy disks using detailed models for star formation and feedback; we then include or exclude mock cold flows falling onto the galaxies with accretion rates, velocities and geometry set to maximize their effect on the disk. We find: (1) Turbulent velocity dispersions in gas disks are identical with or without the cold flow; the energy injected by the flow is dissipated where it meets the disk. (2) In runs without stellar feedback, the presence of a cold flow has essentially no effect on runaway local collapse, resulting in star formation rates (SFRs) that are far too large. (3) Disks in runs with feedback and cold flows have higher SFRs, but only insofar as they have more gas. (4) Because flows are extended relative to the disk, they do not trigger strong resonant responses and so induce weak morphological perturbation (bulge formation via instabilities is not accelerated). (5) However, flows can thicken the disk by direct contribution of out-of-plane streams. We conclude that while inflows are critical over cosmological timescales to determine the supply and angular momentum of gas disks, they have weak instantaneous dynamical effects on galaxies. | http://www.hep.by/2019/06/13/accretion-does-not-drive-the-turbulence-in-galactic-disks/ |
Our research focusses on the physical structure and dynamics of accretion discs. Examples include circumstellar discs around T-Tauri stars, consisting mainly of gas and also a small amount of interstellar dust. In accretion discs the gas rotates with nearly Keplerian velocity around the host star, spirals slowly inwards and is accreted onto the central star. In our group we study various aspects of accretion disc physics.
- Turbulence
It causes the gas to lose energy and angular momentum, and therefore drives the accretion process. The physical source of the turbulence is still unclear, but magnetorotational instability (MRI) is the most likely mechanism.
- Thermodynamics
It governs the thermal structure of the disc. The temperature in the disc follows from an equilibrium between turbulent dissipation, pdV-work and radiative cooling. It determines the disc thickness in the vertical direction at a given location.
- Self-gravity
It plays an important role in very massive discs. Depending on the efficiency of cooling, gravitational instabilities can occur and cause the disc to develop spiral arms or even to fragment.
- Companion stars
A companion can influence the evolution of the disc by tidal forces and may cause the disc to become eccentric.
Planet Formation
Willy Kley †, Anna Penzlin, Thomas Rometsch, Lucas Jordan, Hugo Audiffren, Christoph Burger, Rafael Sfair, Christoph Schäfer
Simulated image of a self-gravitating disc undergoing fragmentation
Planet formation has been an area which has been studied in great detail with respect to the Solar System. The discovery of hundreds of extra-solar planets since the mid-1990s has put the field into a much larger context. A revision of the major aspects of classical planet formation theory is required. In our group we study various aspects of planet formation within the sequential accretion and gravitational instability scenario.
- Dust properties
In the very beginning, planetesimal growth depends strongly on the material properties of the constituent dust particles. Using laboratory data for dusty material we perform ab initio simulations to calculate the continuum properties of dust agglomerates.
- Early dust growth
The initial particle growth in the protoplanetary disc requires sticking upon individual collisions. Present models encounter great difficulties in growing particles beyond a decimeter due to destructive collisions. Using new data and methods we perform simulations to calculate the statistical outcome of collisions.
- Migration
Planet-disc interactions cause a change in the orbital elements of embedded planets. For smaller planets of a few earth masses, the theoretically obtained migration rates are much too fast to match the observations. We perform detailed models of fully radiative discs with embedded planets to study this important phase.
- Gravitational Instability
An alternative formation scenario for planet formation, at least a very large distances from the star, is provided through direct fragmentation of an initially unstable massive protoplanetary disc. We perform simulations to understand the efficiacy of such a process.
- Planets in binary stars
Interestingly, a few dozen planets have been discovered in binary stars systems. As the dynamical action of a companion star perturbs the disc significantly, the planet formation process is more difficult. We follow the dynamics of such discs and study the impact on the formation process.
Astrophysical Jets
Hubble view of the Protostellar Jet HH 47
(Courtesy: NASA)
Astrophysical jets are ubiquitous, occurring in a variety of objects on very different size and mass scales. They can be produced by pre-main sequence stars in young stellar objects, by post-AGB stars in pre-planetary and planetary nebulae, by white dwarfs in supersoft X-ray sources and symbiotic stars, by neutron stars in X-ray binaries, by stellar black holes in black hole X-ray binaries and by supermassive black holes in the case of active galactic nuclei. However, there are still many open questions.
- The propagation of jets
How does the jet travel through the interstellar/intergalactic medium? We model the kinematics of jets and their sub-structure (e.g. knots), the emission from radiative shocks in jets and the morphology of jets.
- The formation of jets
Jets are formed by large-scale magnetic fields threading an underlying accretion disc. We solve the equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) numerically and investigate analytical self-similar solutions.
- The interplay between accretion and jet ejection
How does the formation of jets depend on accretion states? Why are jets formed in one class of objects, but not in another? What are neccessary conditions for jet formation?
We investigate jets with analytical models, numerical simulations and observations with several space telescopes.
Individual Projects
Thermal creep in lightmills
Willy Kley, Daniela Skoropad, David Wharam (PIT)
A lightmill (Courtesy: Wikipedia)
In the so-called MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-systems) we see effects that also occur in rarefied gases. To get a better understanding of these effects, we examine the behaviour of lightmills. A lightmill consists of four vanes, which have a shiny and a blackened side. Under illumination, the blackended side heats up and the mill starts to rotate in the direction of shiny sides. This rotation only occurs in a small pressure regime, typically at pressures of around 1 Pa. At such low presures collisions between particles are scarce and therefore several boundary effects have to be taken into account:
- Thermal creep
In case of a thermal gradient, the gas creeps from cold to hot. This is the main cause for the rotation of the lightmill.
- Temperature jump
On average, the gas at the wall has a lower temperature than the wall since particles coming from the surface and particles moving in other directions have not had the chance to collide often enough.
- Velocity slip
The gas slips over the surface due to the rarefaction of the gas.
Numerical results are compared with experiments at PIT. | https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/faculties/faculty-of-science/departments/physics/institutes/astronomy-astrophysics/computational-physics/research/physics/ |
Astronomers have created the first realistic virtual universe by running large-scale cosmological simulations on supercomputers. The project, known as Illustris, was led by Mark Vogelsberger of MIT and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Illustris produced detailed galaxy simulations by using complex computer models that captured the physical components and processes of the universe from 12 million years after the Big Bang to present day, spanning over 13.8 billion years of cosmic evolution. The simulations contained tens of thousands of galaxies captured in high-detail, covering a wide range of masses, rates of star formation, shapes, and sizes. Researchers also included star-formation-driven galactic winds and black hole thermal energy injection throughout cosmic history to ensure their models were comprehensive enough to produce realistic virtual galaxies.
In order to produce these simulations, the researchers developed their own computer code AREPO. The code was written to simultaneously run on tens of thousands of computer cores. It took three months for the calculations to run, and used a total of 8,000 CPUs running in parallel. Odyssey was used to run several lower-resolution versions of the Illustris virtual universe, as well as hundreds of test simulations from which the computer models were developed.
Once the simulations were complete, the final product was compared to images of the Universe taken by various telescopes, including the Hubble Space Telescope. Researchers found many similarities between the two, though some discrepancies were also discovered. According to Vogelsberger, these discrepancies were ripe for further study and investigation and would potentially lead to new understandings of how the universe evolved.
For further reading see the complete results in Nature or visit the Illustris project website. And check-out the below capstone animation of the simulation.
Copyright © 2014. All Rights Reserved.
Information about how to reuse or republish this work may be available at Attribution. | https://www.rc.fas.harvard.edu/news-home/feature-stories/simulations-run-on-odyssey-lead-to-first-realistic-virtual-universe/ |
As part of its activities to promote the debate on common strategies related to the EU-LAC bi-regional association, the Foundation carries out research and studies on issues identified by both regions.
These studies are published in this section of the web site, in order to encourage debate and promote exchange on best practices and specialised knowledge.
The publications are organised into the following series: Bi-Regional Economic Perspectives; Bi-Regional Relations; Conferences; Democracy Studies; ECLAC / EU-LAC Bi-Regional Outlook; EU-LAC Forum of Global Governance and Reflection Fora. The Foundation also publish a Newsletter that provides a multi-stakeholder space for dissemination of information on the topics on th bi-regional agenda; and encourages young researchers to work on EU-LAC relations.
You can subscribe to updated information on the new studies published by the Foundation by registering in our contact list below.
Publications
Search results
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Clusters and Cluster Policy: Opportunities for collaboration between the European Union (EU), Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
This document is the result of the “Competitiveness Poles” Project, promoted by the EU-LAC Foundation and the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB), whose objective is focused on fostering collaboration between clusters and territories of the ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- PATON, Jonatan, BERCOVICH, Nestor, BARROETA, Belén
- Published in:
- Germany, 10 October 2018
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EU-Latin America cooperation on regional innovation strategies in the framework of regional policy
Study on RIS3 approaches in 9 Latin American countries as a potential driver for cooperation with their European counterparts. The objectives of this study are: i) Taking stock of existing regional innovation strategies in 9 Latin American countries; ii) ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- Ismael Abel, Miquel Barceló, Enric Fuster, Neus Hernández, Natalia Marrugat, Aleix Pujolar, Andrea Ordenes, David Sánchez, Emma Santarremigia
- Published in:
- Germany, 29 September 2015
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People-centred strategies respecting Human Rights and public health, by Paredes Rosero
UNGASS shall generate a common front facing the new dynamics and realities of the world drug problem. Among Colombia’s recommendations, I would like to single out greater flexibility within the conventions’ dispositions, providing room for a broad range ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- Martha Paredes Rosero
- Published in:
- Colombia, 14 March 2016
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Second World People's Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth
The Second World People's Conference on Climate Change and Defence of Life, held in Tiquipaya-Bolivia from 10 th to 12 th of October 2015, a space in which the peoples came together for the second time to present their ideas, principles and demands ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- David Choquehuanca Céspedes
- Published in:
- Bolivia, 2 December 2015
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Social Investments- meeting social and economic goals in new ways
The social investment strategy holds the promise of achieving both social and economic goals. In brief the strategy hinges on different policies and returns over the life cycle that aims to help create, maintain and use human capital. In childhood and ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- Jon Kvist
- Published in: | https://eulacfoundation.org/en/search/ipaper?f%5B0%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A9038&f%5B1%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A5157&f%5B2%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A5122&f%5B3%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A5045&f%5B4%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A5064&%3Bf%5B1%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A5086 |
As part of its activities to promote the debate on common strategies related to the EU-LAC bi-regional association, the Foundation carries out research and studies on issues identified by both regions.
These studies are published in this section of the web site, in order to encourage debate and promote exchange on best practices and specialised knowledge.
The publications are organised into the following series: Bi-Regional Economic Perspectives; Bi-Regional Relations; Conferences; Democracy Studies; ECLAC / EU-LAC Bi-Regional Outlook; EU-LAC Forum of Global Governance and Reflection Fora. The Foundation also publish a Newsletter that provides a multi-stakeholder space for dissemination of information on the topics on th bi-regional agenda; and encourages young researchers to work on EU-LAC relations.
You can subscribe to updated information on the new studies published by the Foundation by registering in our contact list below.
Publications
Search results
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Clusters and Cluster Policy: Opportunities for collaboration between the European Union (EU), Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
This document is the result of the “Competitiveness Poles” Project, promoted by the EU-LAC Foundation and the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB), whose objective is focused on fostering collaboration between clusters and territories of the ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- PATON, Jonatan, BERCOVICH, Nestor, BARROETA, Belén
- Published in:
- Germany, 10 October 2018
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Young Researchers
Diego Durán Cruz New Multilateralism in External Relations between the European Union and Latin America: Opportunities and Challenges for Transregionalisation In light of the growing presence of political, economic and social integration endeavours ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- Diego Durán Cruz
- Published in:
- Germany, 28 December 2018
- Edition:
- 2018 December
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New approaches for a new world Development Agenda, by Da Rocha Vianna
The post-2015 development agenda will be universal in terms of objectives, goals, commitments and actors. The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals shall bring about a soft revolution in the way development cooperation has been carried out ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- Hadil da Rocha Vianna
- Published in:
- Brazil, 23 September 2015
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Countries, Beware: Climbing up the income ladder can seriously damage your health!, by Nicolai
If you ask the proverbial ‘man on the street’ where the greatest health needs in the world are, most will think of the poorest countries. But they are wrong. It may surprise you that over half Médecins Sans Frontières’ medical programmes are in countries ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- Meinie Nicolai
- Published in: | https://eulacfoundation.org/en/search/ipaper?f%5B0%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A9038&f%5B1%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A5092&f%5B2%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A5100&f%5B3%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A8832&%3Bf%5B1%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A5102 |
As part of its activities to promote the debate on common strategies related to the EU-LAC bi-regional association, the Foundation carries out research and studies on issues identified by both regions.
These studies are published in this section of the web site, in order to encourage debate and promote exchange on best practices and specialised knowledge.
The publications are organised into the following series: Bi-Regional Economic Perspectives; Bi-Regional Relations; Conferences; Democracy Studies; ECLAC / EU-LAC Bi-Regional Outlook; EU-LAC Forum of Global Governance and Reflection Fora. The Foundation also publish a Newsletter that provides a multi-stakeholder space for dissemination of information on the topics on th bi-regional agenda; and encourages young researchers to work on EU-LAC relations.
You can subscribe to updated information on the new studies published by the Foundation by registering in our contact list below.
Publications
Search results
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Case studies on Circular economy models and integration of Sustainable Development Goals in business strategies in the EU and LAC
The EU-LAC Foundation presents this series of case studies of companies and institutions interested in making visible their best practices on the integration of concepts of Circular Economy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the business ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- Kowszyk Yanina, Maher Rajiv
- Published in:
- Germany, 15 October 2018
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Clusters and Cluster Policy: Opportunities for collaboration between the European Union (EU), Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
This document is the result of the “Competitiveness Poles” Project, promoted by the EU-LAC Foundation and the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB), whose objective is focused on fostering collaboration between clusters and territories of the ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- PATON, Jonatan, BERCOVICH, Nestor, BARROETA, Belén
- Published in:
- Germany, 10 October 2018
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Latin American SMEs, and training programmes for their internationalisation
This study aims to trace, through documented initiatives in nine countries of the region, an overview of university and professional training focused on internationalisation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Emphasis is placed on the importance of ...
- Author(s)/Editor(s):
- Dirigido por Florence Pinot de Villechenon, CERALE-ESCP Europe e Institut des Amériques.
- Published in: | https://eulacfoundation.org/en/search/ipaper?f%5B0%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A9038&f%5B1%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A8194&f%5B2%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A8125&%3Bf%5B1%5D=im_field_ipaper_authors%3A5040 |
Professional nses comprise the largest group of healthcare workers in a facility. Professional nurses offer special service to society, they assume ultimate accountability for clients feedback and supervise and educate other personels as they assist in nursing care delivery, even though they perform tasks that coul be done by other team members, they bring ability to improvise individual care.( Hood, Leddy and peppers,2018).
Collaboration between professional nurses and other healthcare discipline and professionals enhances provision of high quality care to the patients as it reduces medication errors and enhanced job satisfaction. Collaboration also promotes trust and respect between the healthcare providers and encourages the practice of treating nurses equally with physicians ( World Health Organization,(WHO), 2010)
Effective health service collaboration known as inter-professional collaboration (IPC) is necessary to the health professionals. IPC is defined as the interpersonal process characterized by healthcare professionals from multiple discipline with shared objectives, decision making, responsibility and power working in order to solve patient problems.
Professional nurses use the following competencies to promote collaboration with other healthcare discipline and professional;
Role and Responsibility – The competence of role and responsibility consist of being knowledgeable in the profession, and understanding the role of other professional and limitations. Professional nurses use this competence to promote collaboration as Suter ,Arnddt , Arthur et al.(2009), suggested you should understand and appreciate the work of other professionals, this is a core competence in collaboration. Understanding the role of other professions and understanding professional limitations are considered as knowledge competency in collaboration.
Values and Ethics – Professional values and ethics are considered as professional culture in collaboration. These values include respect, discipline, being open-minded, absence of ego, commitment and being able to adjust. These competences are identified as attitudes in collaboration used by the professional nurses to promote collaboration.
Communication, Co-ordination and Leadership skills – These are the most important competences in collaboration since the system needs to support and accommodate the cultivation of communication and co-ordination skills. Professional nurses should train on how to build relationship with others or skills to work with people in order to communicate well. Collaboration may include co-ordination and co-operation, collaboration involves divergent thinking to solve problems through collective creativity while co-ordination involves doing the work together without divergent thinking. Collaborative leadership enables the leaders to use the power of influence rather than positional authority to engage and align people, focus teams, sustain momentums and perform. Managers should use good leadership skills in order to achieve the goals set by the organization. Shared leadership is characterized by shared decision making to achieve common goals since everyone has the opportunity to be a leader.
Competent in own professional role (culture) – Culture represents the values, norms and tradition that affect how individuals of a particular group perceive, think interact, behave and make judgment about their world, Cultural competence benefits company’s efficiency and productivity through increased creativity, increased appreciation for other perspectives, improved listening, increased empathy and adaptability and more ideas where people work from different cultures they find it easy to solve their challenges when they arise.
Professional nurses use this strategy to promote collaboration with other healthcare professionals through encouraging team work, practicing communication skills, and train for global citizenship, practice good manners e.g. using please and thank you is essential in some countries and encourage discussion where the workers are encouraged to discuss their problems.
In conclusion the four competencies help the professional nurses in promoting the collaboration with the healthcare disciplines and professionals.
Inter-professional collaboration is important in health care facility since it leads to high quality services to the patients as the professions and departments come together to solve complex patient problems.
Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?
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Our essay writers are graduates with diplomas, bachelor, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college diploma. When assigning your order, we match the paper subject with the area of specialization of the writer. | https://www.myessayhero.com/collaboration-between-professional-nurses-and-other-healthcare-discipline/ |
Boulder County is a socially just, inclusive community where physical and mental health, social well-being, and the environment are valued, supported, and accessible to all.
Our Mission
Address social, economic, and environmental conditions in Boulder County to ensure that all people have the opportunity for a healthy life.
Our Values
Understanding that we work for and are accountable to the public, we will model the following values in our interactions with the public, our partners, and one another.
Foster Trust
We are honest and build trust through our interactions with one another, our partners, and the public. We share information in a timely fashion, provide opportunities for others to be involved in or help inform decision making, and clearly communicate expectations. We follow through on our commitments and are accountable to our values.
Demonstrate Respect & Compassion
We demonstrate compassion, patience, and acceptance, and we honor confidentiality. We are non-judgmental, and we preserve dignity. We actively listen to and honor the perspectives of others with the intent to understand and to promote a positive environment in our work with the community, our partners, and each other.
Collaborate & Build Strong Teams
We engage a wide spectrum of contributors to think and create together, and we combine our strengths to find the best solutions for complex problems. We are intentional about fostering strong relationships with our colleagues and partners to promote health.
Be Flexible, Creative, & Innovative
We are flexible in our approach, and we embrace the changes necessary to meet the changing needs of our community and organization. We learn from our mistakes and encourage creative and progressive problem-solving and service provision. We use innovation to meet community need and improve the effectiveness of our strategies.
Pursue & Support Personal & Professional Development
We support personal and professional growth through opportunities to learn and experience, delegation of responsibility, and recognition of individual and team accomplishments.
Recognize Leadership in Everyone
We recognize that leadership lies within all of us; it is not based on position or title. We strive to inspire a shared vision, encourage and support one another, enable others to act, and challenge ourselves.
Promote Inclusion & Honor the Life Experiences of Others
We maintain a culture that is inclusive of our individual differences, our life experiences, and our voices. We will foster a culture where each individual feels a sense of belonging and is comfortable to be themselves. We work to understand our differences and will be respectful, even when our opinions differ.
Our Guiding Principles
The following key principles describe the actions we will take to conduct our public health work to make significant and sustainable improvements to health in Boulder County.
- Use data and community input to identify factors that significantly impact equity, health and quality of life. Employ evidence-based strategies and evaluation to inform decisions, assure quality, and demonstrate outcomes in policies and programs.
- Initiate, enhance, and promote efforts to address the social determinants of health to ensure health equity for people in Boulder County. Support community capacity in leadership and organizing that demonstrates collective power to affect change and influence public health programming, policy, and systems change efforts.
- Promote primary prevention and a population-based approach to maximize health impact at the broadest possible level, while intentionally targeting prevention resources toward populations that are experiencing inequities.
- Collaborate across sectors to initiate and strengthen partnerships toward making a collective impact, ensuring common goals, shared measurement, coordination of activities, and reduced duplication.
- Clarify appropriate roles of Boulder County Public Health and our partners in the public health system.
- Ensure that people in Boulder County are empowered and equipped to make informed decisions to adopt healthy behaviors.
- Educate and influence policy makers so they are able to set policies that protect and enhance the health of individuals, families, communities, and the environment.
- Implement strategies in a culturally and linguistically appropriate manner. | https://www.bouldercounty.org/departments/public-health/boulder-county-public-health-mission/ |
The Network of Interdisciplinary Media and Communication Research (NIMCR) brings together an international group of young scholars from diverse cultural backgrounds, working within and across disciplines, methods, and boundaries. We believe that academic knowledge is best generated collectively. For this reason, we promote collaborative work that seeks to develop conceptual, methodological, and empirical approaches that expand critical knowledge in the fields of media, communications, and media geographical research both locally, (trans)nationally, and interculturally. We also work to advance contemporary, comparative, cross-disciplinary, and critical media and communication research globally and advocate for improving status, representation, and opportunities for underrepresented scholars in the field of international media and communications research. Our collaborative efforts include supporting each other’s research, applying jointly for conferences and grants, organizing events (e.g., interdisciplinary workshops), and co-writing papers.
Our Goals
Based on a social scientific approach, our work at NIMCS is guided by five main goals:
- Community. Our first goal is to create a strong, intercultural, and supportive community of young scholars who work together to promote systematic and empirical knowledge in the field of media and communication.
- Collaboration. Our second goal is to promote the importance of research collaboration within and across disciplines and boundaries. This relates not only to theoretical perspectives, but also to methodological approaches to empirical research issues.
- Comparability. Our third goal is to promote the need for comparative perspectives between countries, across social groups, and over time.
- Criticality. Our fourth goal is to promote a clear, critical perspective on contemporary research and theory in media and communication, based on the first three pillars—collaboration, community, and comparability.
- Diversity. Our fifth goal is to promote cross-boundary critical and comparative research by working to promote a diverse group of issues and participants in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, socioeconomic status, physical abilities, religious beliefs, and political beliefs.
In Practice
While the mission and goals above may sound noble, it is up to us, the members of NIMCR, to breathe life into them. In doing so, we will call upon social scientists in fields such as anthropology, computer science, economics, geography, law, psychology, and sociology, all of whom share an interest in interdisciplinary media and communication research and are willing to examine issues from a comparative perspective. We foresee regular meetings at approximately six-month intervals, during which we will develop and advance our joint and individual research. Additionally, we plan on implementing digital tools that allow us to share contacts and to discuss our interests and ongoing projects at any time.
In initiating this group, we will invite scholars from different countries and with different expertise to meet and discuss the nature of the network, our aims and the ways we will operate, with the goal of representing as diverse a group of scholars as possible worldwide. In doing so, this collaborative effort may take on many different forms—the creation of a common research question, peer-to-peer feedback on current projects or methodological challenges of comparative research, common conference submissions or co-organized workshops, for example. However, it is up to the members of NIMCR to determine how we can work together and to share their needs and interests. | https://www.ifp.uni-mainz.de/israel-professorship-in-communication-science/network-of-interdisciplinary-media-and-communication-research-nimcr/ |
CH-IT Business Group has been set up by the Swiss and Italian business communities, to promote business cooperation between the two countries, fostering an ongoing dialogue between the business community.
It is a working group characterized by a constant evolution that develops debates and discussions on different issues of bilateral cooperation. It has also launched a successful promotion of business relations between Italian and Swiss acting as a forum for meeting and dialogue to promote a ‘thorough and direct mutual understanding.
On the basis of the activity together, the CH-IT aims to:
- identify possible areas and forms of cooperation (on the industrial and services) to facilitate the development of agreements and joint ventures;
- Identify the obstacles to increased bilateral trade and investment development and the opportunities offered by their “country systems” also to third markets;
- provide a forum for discussion and exchange of experiences of Italian and Swiss entrepreneurs interested in expanding and deepening business relationships with partners in the other country;
- To promote better understanding of the Italian system by Swiss companies (and vice versa) and collect the needs of the same for a more successful development of bilateral cooperation.
- promote and encourage foreign investment in their respective territories in order to promote local economic development and cross-border.
- Companies, organizations and institutions to become members of the CH-IT BG can join the working Group. | http://www.gianlucagiussani.com/help-desk/ch-it-business-group/ |
13 MDS 450: Teamwork and Innovation
Experience working with others is key to a successful challenge for MDS 450: Teamwork and Innovation. Being part of teams as a team member (not just a leader) is important, as is a deep understanding of the way good teams are built through the four stages of team development. Experience working on a team with people who bring different perspectives and expertise is also very helpful in articulating the goals of this course.
Further, the kind of work the teams did is key–it needs to be innovative in some way. Beyond just managing a task, successful challenges tell a story of a team thinking strategically and overcoming a problem or creating something new. Having a good understanding of Innovation and articulating how your team came together and engaged in the process of innovation helps make a strong case for these challenges.
What this course is (and is not) about
It’s important that the portfolio reflect experience working with others in a professional or public setting, even others from very different mindsets, on a common issue. These teams don’t have to be in the workplace; they can be neighborhood associations, volunteer groups, mission trips, informal gatherings for a cause, or, yes, they can be teams in work environments: corporate, restaurant, academic, manufacturing, logistics, and many other organizations.
The course is about both Teamwork and Innovation; it’s not about being on a team that didn’t have to do anything new or different, nor is it about innovating by yourself. The best challenges can encompass both elements of the course.
This course is also about Teamwork, not Leadership. There is a big difference between the two! Usually leaders have teamwork experience, but it’s important that these challenges be framed as the student being part of a team, not just the leader of the team.
Innovation, as covered in this course, is about working with others to come up with a new and improved solution. These solutions should be arrived at through collaboration and interaction with teammates, not an independent idea you came up with all by yourself. Make sure your examples tell the story of you as part of a team, accomplishing something together that you couldn’t have done by yourself.
Course Description
MDS 450: This course identifies the creative people, processes, and conditions necessary for fostering innovation and models of innovation including creative problem solving with teams. Students show understanding through demonstration of competency in identifying, describing, fostering, demonstrating and assessing programs that foster creativity and innovation in a team environment.
Course Objectives
After finishing the course, the successful student will be able to:
|Identify components of high performing teams
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|Explain the influence of teams on creativity in organizations.
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|Write personal development goals for advancing appropriate behaviors.
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Demonstrate Team Problem Solving Techniques. | https://boisestate.pressbooks.pub/priorlearningportfolio/chapter/mds-450-teamwork-and-innovation/ |
AUV Abyss workflow: autonomous deep sea exploration for ocean research
Klischies, Meike; Rothenbeck, Marcel; Steinfuhrer, Anja; Yeo, Isobel A.; Ferreira, Christian dos Santos; Mohrmann, Jochen; Faber, Claas; Schirnick, Carsten. 2018 AUV Abyss workflow: autonomous deep sea exploration for ocean research. In: 2018 IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Workshop (AUV), Porto, Portugal, 6-9 Nov 2018. IEEE, 1-6.Before downloading, please read NORA policies.
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Abstract/Summary
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with multibeam echosounders (MBES) are essential for collecting high-resolution bathymetric data in the deep sea. Navigation of AUVs and accuracy of acquired MBES data is challenging, especially in deep water or rough terrain. Here, we present the AUV Abyss operational workflow that uses mission planning together with a long baseline (LBL) positioning network, and systematic post-processing of the MBES data using feature matching. The workflow enables autonomous exploration even in difficult terrain, makes ultrashort baseline navigation during the AUV survey obsolete and with this, increases the efficiency of ship time. It provides an efficient workflow for multi-survey mapping campaigns to produce high-resolution, large-coverage seafloor maps. Automated documentation of post-processing steps enhances the archiving of produced results, facilitates knowledge transfer, adaptation to other systems and management of large datasets. Comprehensive documentation allows developing routines that provide a first step towards automatization of AUV operations and MBES data processing. | http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/523763/ |
The NATO Science and Technology Organization’s Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (NATO-CMRE) developed an underwater acoustics communication system called JANUS, which marks the first time that such a communications protocol has been internationally acknowledged. JANUS is an open-source acoustic signalling method that allows underwater systems to connect, essentially bringing other acoustic systems into sync. Since March 2017, it has been recognized by NATO Allies as being the standard digital underwater communications protocol.
Acoustic signalling uses sound waves to transmit wireless communications underwater; other forms of signalling are not as effective for underwater communication. JANUS defines a common frequency through which other systems can contact one another, before deciding to switch to a different frequency to communicate further. To analogize, it would be like two people in a foreign country speaking English, realizing they also speak French, and then switching their communications to French.
Ten years in the making, NATO-CMRE developed JANUS in La Speiza, Italy, where scientists focus their research on maritime domains. JANUS was further tested at sea in coordination with multiple institutions, ranging from universities to aboard the NATO Research Vessel Alliance, a 93-meter research ship.
The underwater network that makes communication possible includes ships interacting with land-based command and control centre(s) and underwater vehicles via gateway buoys, which, in turn, communicate with underwater robots acoustically, and via traditional methods above water. These underwater robots can also collect and exchange information, while also being capable of working together in missions, all by using simple sound waves to transmit signals. This could eliminate the need for human intervention in underwater operations and marine maintenance.
JANUS’s ingenuity lies in allowing information to be encoded into basic sound waves, so integration of the technology is easy. More remarkable is that this forges a new frontier in underwater communications, allowing for novel technological applications to emerge.
For naval applications, detecting and communicating with submarines becomes possible. Currently, information exchanges between submarine and ship vessels rely on radio waves. Even submarine-to-submarine communication is difficult because radio waves do not travel well through water. Also, the use of antennas above sea level to communicate between vessels is counterintuitive to the underwater role of submarines. But with the integration of JANUS, the burden is minimized. The Portuguese Navy has been working with NATO to test the efficacy of this for submarine communication. This can revolutionize the search and rescue process for submarines, and maritime operations alike.
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), acting as underwater drones, can be used in a multitude of ways. Similar to what aerial drones have accomplished, AUVs can do the same–but underwater. Aside from search and rescue operations, AUVs can be deployed to survey the ocean floor, detect submerged wreckage and rocks to improve the navigation routes of ships. With JANUS, AUVs can coordinate with one another and send data to a control centre to enable better decision making for underwater missions, and drive hydrographic research forward. Future developments could investigate how to submerge AUVs for underwater exploration to depths that humans are physically incapable of reaching. Given the great mystery of what lies below, this is a feat worth looking forward to.
How JANUS’s applicability can revolutionize underwater warfare, either offensively or defensively, is worth monitoring. Aside from military operations, JANUS affords other benefits. With its software installed on AUVs, maritime research greatly benefits. The environmental health of the ocean could be monitored and recorded, like the impact of pollution on marine life. This aspect of JANUS welcomes academic and government collaboration worldwide. Canada, bordered by the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic oceans, should derive a vested interest in the opportunity presented by JANUS, particularly as it relates to the maritime provinces and Arctic.
The integration of JANUS for underwater communication underscores NATO’s goal of standardization, and by effect, interoperability. This has the benefit of enhancing coordination among the Alliance in cooperative missions by acting as a force multiplier. Should the future of defence and security be tipped in favour of naval capabilities, JANUS provides a platform for allies to act cohesively.
The earth is roughly 70% water, and now, NATO is ready to leverage that.
Photo: “San Diego Submarine” (2010) by Bill Morrow via Flickr. Licensed under CC BY 2.0.
Disclaimer: Any views or opinions expressed in articles are solely those of the authors
and do not necessarily represent the views of the NATO Association of Canada. | http://www.natoassociation.ca/nato-leads-the-way-for-a-new-era-of-underwater-communications/ |
department/unit: 3DResearch s.r.l.
services: 3D Research is a Spin-Off Company of the University of Calabria. It has considerable experience in the field of CGI, Virtual and Augmented Reality applied to the Cultural Heritage. In particular, the company develops systems and technologies for 3D digitalization of Cultural Heritage both for terrestrial and underwater applications. The digital models, together with other cultural and creative contents (texts, audios, videos), can be used to enhance the visitors’ experience both in-situ (i.e. helping a diver during the exploration of an underwater archaeological site or a tourist during the visit to a museum) and ex-situ, to promote CH destinations and revitalize tourism attractions. Since 2008, 3D Research has offered many services for galleries, museums and other organizations (3D reconstructions of more than 400 finds belonging to Italian and European museums, 3D reconstructions of archaeological sites, both terrestrial and underwater, 3D modeling, digital storytelling, etc.). During the last years, the company has developed interactive exhibits for various museums, by using innovative solutions such as mobile apps, virtual and augmented reality, serious games and digital storytelling to encourage visitors’ engagement.
previous experience: • i-MARE CULTURE - Horizon 2020. Call: H2020-SC6-CULT-COOP-2016-2017: The main goal of the i-MareCulture research project is to re-establish the links connecting Mediterranean countries with each other, promoting a shared sense of European identity by making underwater archaeological heritage more accessible, and by protecting an outstanding symbol of the cultural exchanges and trades that have always been present in the Mare Nostrum. This goal is achieved by making underwater heritage accessible to the general public through the use of interactive technologies, virtual reality, augmented underwater reality and serious games designed by scientists, researchers, archaeologists, and museum experts coming from 8 Mediterranean countries. The core activity of 3D Research is the development of underwater augmented reality systems. • VISAS – PON-Startup Piano d'Azione e Coesione PAC02L2-00040: VISAS is a collaborative research project, aimed at the responsible and sustainable management of underwater archaeological sites. This goal is achieved through the development of an integrated package of services aimed, on the one hand, to improve the experience of scuba divers and, on the other, to stimulate the induced tourist activity through an innovative virtual tour of the site. The technologies which have been developed provide for the acquisition of optical and acoustic data sets related to the aesthetic and morphological characteristics of the marine environment. The data is subsequently integrated and processed to obtain a geo-referenced 3D model of the site. Finally, the latter is used by scuba divers for augmented reality exploration, while a virtual reality system makes the exploration accessible also to who are not able to dive. • MUSAS - PON "Cultura e Sviluppo" FESR 2014- 2020: The project aims to develop a program for the integrated exploitation of archaeological sites and museums that contain underwater finds, through the adoption of innovative technological solutions. In particular, the project provides for the 3D digitalization of 120 archaeological finds preserved in the museums of Crotone, Baia, Egnazia, and Manfredonia, as well as the 3D reconstruction of some areas of the respective submerged sites, completed with 3D hypothetical models aimed to reproduce its original structure. The resulting models will be used to create interactive museum paths, which can be explored through virtual reality platforms, including immersive installations, to be employed for teaching activities and digital archiving. | https://4helix.unicam.it/kp_gallery_get.php?kp_id=296 |
The report analyzes the anatomy of the ships procured under Canada’s National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy (NSPS), identifies opportunities for companies to participate in their construction and maintenance, and makes recommendations to government about supporting Nova Scotia companies, moving into higher value-added activities, and developing the regional value chain.
Brun gave two presentations on January 23 and 24, 2013 in Nova Scotia, Canada on the report – The NSPS Shipbuilding Value Chains (Lunenburg Press Presentation) and NSPS Shipbuilding Value Chains (Ships Start Here Panel).
This report, Nova Scotia’s Ocean Technologies: A Global Value Chain Analysis of Inshore & Extreme Climate Vehicles, Unmanned Underwater Vehicles, and Underwater Sensors & Instrumentation, investigates Nova Scotia’s position in three value chains: inshore and extreme climate vessels, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and underwater sensors and instrumentation. Inshore vessels are ships that remain close to shore, while extreme climate vessels are ships designed for operation in polar regions. ROVs are tethered underwater vehicles used for ocean exploration and marine construction. AUVs are untethered, torpedo-shaped underwater vehicles programmed to collect oceanographic data for extended periods without immediate human supervision. As part of unmanned underwater and manned surface marine platforms, underwater sensors and instrumentation collect information about underwater objects and ocean properties. The three value chains have in common their application in three major end-markets: oil and gas exploration, scientific research, and military and port security.
Gereffi presented the applications of GVC analysis to the ocean technology sector to senior government officials and company representatives at a seminar organized by the Department for Economic and Rural Development and Tourism (ERDT) on June 8, 2011. Presentation title: Global Value Chain Analysis: A Competitiveness Framework for Ocean Technologies Companies in Nova Scotia.
January 24, 2012: Gereffi and Brun presented the implications of the Nova Scotia Ocean Technology report to the work of trade commissioners.
Charting a Course for 30 Years of Work on January 24, 2013 – Nova Scotians are getting ready to make the most of the federal shipbuilding contracts that will bring 30 years of opportunities and good jobs. Premier Darrell Dexter released an analysis of the range of activities needed to create, produce, deliver and maintain the arctic offshore patrol ships, polar icebreaker, and research vessels. | https://www.globalvaluechains.org/clients/nova-scotia-department-of-economic-and-rural-development-and-tourism/ |
The International Conference “19th-century Photo-Archaeology” is hosted by the Nofei Yeda (Landscapes of Knowledge) program, Faculty of Humanities and the Hecht Museum,
in collaboration with: The Haifa Center for Mediterranean History (HCMH) and Onassis Program of Hellenic Studies. It will take place at the University of Haifa on April 2, 2019.
Call for Proposals
The 19th century, an era of great archaeological discoveries, coincided with the invention of photography. Perceived from its very beginning as the “most truthful documentation,” the camera immediately became an irreplaceable tool in unveiling the mysteries of past
civilizations. It revealed the very existence of the historical and religious sites, at the same
time bringing the Western beholder close to these sites physically, emotionally and mentally.
Despite technical and physical challenges, early photographers left a significant body of
works documenting ancient ruins and recently discovered archaeological sites throughout the Mediterranean and the Middle East, the cradle of European culture and Christianity. Some photographs were used in research, others were published in archaeological surveys and books, and sold as photograph albums. But others still remain unnoticed in the archives; many have not received the attention they deserve.
The aim of this upcoming conference is to examine Photo-Archaeology in terms of the
historiography of the 19th century while discussing the visual aspect of the field, applying the tools of photographic technology and fine art analysis. We further aim to discuss the role of photography and archaeology as indispensable tools in pursuit of the political and ideological goals of the imperial West.
We are pleased to announce that the key speaker will be world renowned Photographic
Process historian Prof. Mark Osterman, George Eastman Museum, Rochester, NY.
Proposal submissions should address, but are not limited to, the following topics:
1. 19th-century photographic trips through ancient cities and sites in the Mediterranean
2. 19th-century photographic exploration of Greece
3. 19th-century photographic exploration of the Holy Land
4. Photography of ancient ruins: perception and reception
5. Technical challenges facing 19th-century photographers of archaeological sites
6. Exploration and documentation of the Middle East
7. 19th-century photography of the archaeological sites: history, politics, ideology
8. People and places in the 19th-century photography of the Middle East
9. Photographic archives
10. Photographs in 19th-century books and surveys
11. Photography and the development of archaeological standardized visual
documentation and classification methods (site plans, drawings, reconstructions)
12. Photography and lithography in archaeological context
We invite proposals for a 20-minute presentation. Please submit the title and a short abstract (max. 300 words); full name of each author with current affiliation and full contact details (address, email, phone number and title of presentation).
Submission Deadline is December 15, 2018. Applicants will be notified of their acceptance
by early January.
Nofei Yeda is an innovative program of the Faculty of the Humanities at the University of
Haifa, running since 2012. The program offers unique interdisciplinary classes that expose
undergraduates to the richness of the Humanities as a field of inquiry and as a mode of
thought.
The Hecht Museum located at the University of Haifa, founded in 1984 by the late Dr.
Reuben Hecht, houses an extensive and important collection of Israeli archaeology artifacts relating to Jewish history in the Biblical and the Second Temple Period. The Hecht Museum sees great importance in, and encourages cooperation with, academia.
This conference is set to coincide with a new exhibition on the topic currently being presented at the Museum. | https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2018/11/09/19th-century-photo-archaeology/?print=106393 |
The use of autonomous control technology in air, land and sea vehicles is exploding. As costs come down, new autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) applications are becoming limitless. Using AUVs for surveillance and survey operations results in more production work accomplished for far less cost. When compared to conventional operating survey technology, AUV’s reduce vessel size and manpower for operations while the work product or output can actually increase through higher utilization over time.
AUVs are being used in a number of applications including:
– Sea Floor Block Studies
– Geohazard Surveys
– Archaeological Assessment Surveys
– As-Built Surveys
– Pipeline Surveys
– Deepwater Benthic Community Surveys
– Power transmission cable survey
AUVs can carry multiple sensors and even operate some of them simultaneously. Some of the sensors that AUVs can carry include: | http://www.ipsubsea.com/autonomous-underwater-vehicles-auv/ |
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International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography
ISSN 0973-2667 Volume 11, Number 1 (2017), pp. 89-103
Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com
State of the Art of Parameters for Mechanical Design
of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
F. Aguirre1 2* S. Vargas2 D. Valds1 and J. Tornero1
1Universitat Politcnica de Valncia, Institute of Design and Manufacture, Camino de Vera S/N Edificio 8G, 46011, Valencia, Espaa.
2Universidad Libre, Faculty of mechanical engineering, Bogot, Colombia. *Corresponding author
Abstract
This work presents a guide for researchers interested in Ocean Engineering
and Underwater Robotics design of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
(AUV). The main purpose of this review is to evaluate the present situation of
underwater robotics; specifically of AUVs, in this review we integrated
several existing AUVs. Data analysis was taken from 33 AUVs belong to
sixteen different countries around the world, these AUVs have been study in
40 groups in universities, research institutes and business companies.
The state of the art is based on three main aspects: mission developed by the
AUVs, conditions of operation and design of the hull. With this review the
reader will have important information about AUVs; such as typical speed,
maximum operating depth, navigation and communication systems, shapes
and materials used in hull manufacture.
Based on this work, researchers in ocean engineering and robotic underwater,
has the possibility to define parameters of operation of the AUV that wants to
design, taking into account the type of missions they want to develop. The
parameters used by other researchers will serve as a starting point for your
own design and research, with that you will overcome the difficulties that
other projects had to overcome. In this work are included all the possibilities
of use of an AUV, for any design. All the information contained in this work
has updated with the most recent published papers of each AUV.
Keywords: Ocean Engineering, Underwater robotics, AUV, Mechanical
design, hull shapes, hydrodynamics.
mailto:[email protected]
90 F. Aguirre, S. Vargas, D. Valds and J. Tornero
INTRODUCTION
Around 75% of the surface of the planet is water; thus lakes, oceans, rivers and other
water bodies is very important field of study. The underwater environment has many
conditions impossible to be access by a human, e.g., high hydrostatic pressure is one
of the main inconvenient. Other difficulties for human access are low temperature and
dangers related to different animal species in water.
AUVs are one of the main tools in development of underwater research, many of the
results obtained in this research area have been made possible by the new
technologies incorporated in the AUVs. Improvements in electrical components and
new materials have greatly contributed to the progress of underwater robotics.
In order to redesign or to plan a new design should include the experiences
multidisciplinary research groups who have been directly involved in important areas
such as hydrodynamics (hulls geometry), materials and manufacture and, operation;
fields that can be taken in to account to redesign or design AUVs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data review were obtained from 33 AUVs from sixteen different countries, 40
research groups belonging to universities, research institutes and business; from all
this information, eight mechanical design parameters were obtained.
All information data was based on specialized databases in engineering topics such as
ScienteDirect, IEEE and Springer, documents were also collected from specialized
literature in underwater vehicles such as EurOcean_UV (European Underwater
Vehicles Infobase), AUVAC (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Application Center).
Mechanical design was the main theme of the articles consulted; this option was made
in order to define the design trends implemented in the main AUVs.
Worldwide, the countries that stand out in development of AUVs are China and the
United States, in Europe countries like France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom,
Italy and Portugal. Other countries that also have worked in this topic are Russia,
Canada, Australia, India, South Korea, Brazil and Mexico.
Figure 1 show worldwide countries distribution used for state of the art review for this
paper work.
Figure 1. AUVs arround or the world
State of the Art of Parameters for Mechanical Design of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle 91
Table I presents a list of AUVs used to develop the analysis the main design
parameters; which is the core of this article.
Table 1. AUVs used for data analysis
Name Geometry Depth
(m)
Speed
(m/s)
Mision Material Volume
size (m3)
ALBAC Torpedo with
flippers
300 1.03 Research Aluminum 0.57
Alistar 3000 Drop type 3000 1.03 Commercial Aluminum 12.10
Alister REA Torpedo 300 4.12 Surveillance Aluminum 2.35
Aqua Box II Oval type 50 1.00 Research F. glass 0.86
Aqua Explorer 2 Torpedo 2000 2.80 Commercial F. glass 3.51
Aqua Jelly Biomimetic type 20 0.30 Commercial Aluminum 0.02
Aqua Penguin Biomimetic type 50 2.70 Commercial F. glass 0.10
Autosub 6000 Torpedo 6000 2.00 Research Aluminum 4.46
Autosub 1600 Torpedo 1600 2.00 Surveillance Aluminum 5.67
AUV-Gilder Open structure
type
4000 0.98 Research Aluminum 1.78
Bionik Manta Biomimetic type 100 2.78 Commercial Aluminum 2.63
Bluefin-12 Torpedo 200 2.57 Surveillance Aluminum 3.76
Bluefin-9 Torpedo 200 2.06 Research Aluminum 0.10
Charybdis Disk type 20 0.70 Research ABS 0.91
Gavia Torpedo 1000 3.00 Surveillance Aluminum 0.11
Hammerhead Torpedo 100 2.50 Research Aluminum 0.27
Infante Rectangular type 500 2.50 Research F. glass 5.13
LAUV Torpedo 50 2.50 Surveillance Aluminum 0.03
Liberade Delta wing 100 0.80 Surveillance F. carbon 0.71
Mako Open structure 50 2.10 Research Aluminum 0.17
Manta Biomimetic type 800 5.14 Surveillance F. carbon 22.9
Maya Torpedo 200 2.30 Commercial Aluminum 0.09
Morpheus Rectangular type 200 2.57 Surveillance F. carbon 0.09
Odyssey IV Drop type 6000 2.00 Research F. carbon 0.75
REMUS 100 Torpedo 100 2.60 Surveillance Aluminum 0.06
SAUV II Torpedo with
flippers
500 1.54 Commercial F. glass 1.27
Sea Squirt Torpedo 200 1.54 Research ABS 0.07
SeaOatter MK II Oval type 600 2.30 Research F. glass 1.62
Serafina Torpedo 20 1.00 Commercial Aluminum 0.01
SPRAY Torpedo with
flippers
1500 0.26 Research Aluminum 0.08
Taipan 2 Torpedo 100 1.80 Research Aluminum 0.07
Tuna-Sand Open structure 1500 1.29 Research F. carbon 1.10
Virginia Tech Torpedo 100 2.30 Research Aluminum 0.01
92 F. Aguirre, S. Vargas, D. Valds and J. Tornero
AUVs AND THEIR MISSIONS AND APPLICATIONS It is very interesting to observe the diversity of activities that are currently carried out
through AUVs, these vehicles have become the most successful solution for multiple
applications, and also, many of these activities today would not be possible without
the use of AUVs, primarily because these activities involve human risk. If you wish
to make an AUV classification based only on the activities they develop, we could say
that there are three main types: research, commercial applications and surveillance
applications.
In the first category, AUVs are used mainly by research groups from universities and
companies in areas such as underwater robotics, Offshore research, marine sciences,
marine chemistry, marine physics, marine geophysics, marine geology, interstitial
water, marine biogeochemistry, marine biology, marine ecology, marine environment,
marine pollution, trace organic contaminants, coastal disaster, radionuclides,
atmospheric deposition, marine aerosol, sea surface microlayer, air-sea exchange
processes, mangroves, coral reefs, marine meteorology, hydrodynamics, coastal and
ocean dynamics, ocean engineering, beach erosion, remote sensing application,
geographical information system, water system modeling, coastal modeling in
estuaries, coastal zone management.
In the second type AUVs are used in commercial applications, for example, fisheries,
aquaculture, fishery economics, fishery management, petroleum engineering,
platforms underwater petroleum of drilling, port engineering, naval engineering,
telecommunications engineering and submarine cable supervision.
The last category of AUVs are used in military industry since they are used in
surveillance activities, search y recovery applications, launch y recovery systems.
A. AUV used in research applications Figure 2 presents the percentage of AUV used in research; this graph shows that 48%
of the AUVs are used in research, i,e., 16 of 33 AUVs. | https://vdocuments.site/state-of-parameters-of-the-mechanical-and-underwater-robotics-design-of-autonomous.html |
Bulgaria Allows Greek Research Vessel to Conduct UK-Funded Underwater Archaeology Expedition in Its Black Sea Zone
Bulgaria’s Council of Ministers has granted a formal permission to Greek research vessel “Aegaeo” of the Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR) to carry out an underwater archaeology expedition in the Bulgarian territorial waters and exclusive economic zone in the Black Sea.
The Greek vessel “Aegaeo” is going to conduct underwater archaeology research in the southwestern section of the Black Sea which is under Bulgarian jurisdiction.
Its expedition will last between September 10 and October 14, 2015, the press service of the Bulgarian Cabinet has announced.
The scientists on the Aegaeo will map the Black Sea bottom using contemporary exploration techniques in order to identify any underwater archaeology sites and materials and to extract bottom samples in order to gather information about the evolving marine environment.
The underwater archaeology expedition of the Hellenic Center for Marine Research in the Black Sea is fully funded by the Center for Maritime Archaeology of the University of Southampton and the Education Foundation, a UK think tank.
In May 2015, the Sozopol-based Center for Underwater Archaeology at the Bulgarian Ministry of Culture and the Center for Maritime Archaeology of the University of Southampton started a large-scale Bulgarian-British project for exploring the underwater archaeology of Bulgaria’s exclusive zone in the Black Sea.
The archaeological exploration of the Black Sea could reveal a lot of exciting finds. Some scholars even think that it could provide answers about the story of the Biblical Deluge and Noah’s Arc as the Black Sea is believed to have been a fresh water lake until several thousand years ago.
A major rise in sea levels (some describe it as a one time flooding which led to the Deluge stories not just in the Bible but also in different ancient mythologies) which connected it with the Mediterranean over the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles is believed to have destroyed a high prehistoric civilization living along its west and northwest coast.
What is more, the Black Sea is unique because below 200 meters (60 meters in some parts) it has no oxygen but only hydrogen sulfide, therefore any underwater archaeology sites or sunken ships at greater depths are supposed to have been perfectly preserved.
Check out some of our other stories about underwater archaeology in Bulgaria’s Black Sea section as well as other parts of the Black Sea: | http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/2015/08/19/bulgaria-allows-greek-research-vessel-to-conduct-uk-funded-underwater-archaeology-expedition-in-its-black-sea-zone/ |
Universitat de Girona (University of Girona) is a public institution devoted to excellence in teaching and research and to participating in the progress and development of society through the creation, transmission, diffusion and criticism of knowledge related to sciences, technology, humanities, social sciences and arts. The Computer Vision and Robotics Research Group (VICOROB) are devoted to the research related to the areas of computer vision, image processing and robotics. VICOROB is composed of 75 members (22 PhDs) and in the period 2007-2017 has participated in 38 European and Spanish Research Projects (7,5M€) and 36 Industry Contracts (2M€), has supervised 55 PhD/MSc theses and published 150+ articles in journals, 50+ book chapters and 250+ conference attendances.
The “Underwater Robotics and Vision Research Lab” (CIRS) is part of ViCOROB institute. At CIRS, there are
two main research lines: underwater robotics and underwater vision. This combination of knowledge in a sole team is the most important characteristic of CIRS. In the last four years (2014-2017) the lab has consolidated its capacities in research of excellence, publishing more than a 50% of its scientific papers in journals of Q1 and attending to the most remarkable conferences in its field of expertise.
Along with its specialized singular building located at the Science and Technology park of the UdG, the lab has become a widely known infrastructure both in terms of highly qualified multidisciplinary staff and unique facilities in Europe.
Role
UdG will participate as Task Leaders in WP3 Joint Research Activities and also participate in WP7 Innovation Management and Exploitation. Participation in the Joint Research Activities involves leading JRA 3.3: Innovative AUVs and ASVs for marine exploration.
UdG will focus on exploring new fundamental technologies to make ocean exploration and data processing more efficient and complementary to the participating research infrastructures. Specifically, UdG can contribute in the development of techniques for acquisition and processing of massive amounts of data, developing algorithms to exploit big data using machine learning, large-scale mapping, and 3D visualization of acoustic and optical data.
Relevant Publications
-
R. Campos, R. Garcia. Surface Meshing of Underwater Maps from Highly Defective Point Sets. Journal of Field Robotics, 2017. DOI: 10.1002/rob.21758
-
J.D. Hernández, K. Istenič, N. Gracias, N. Palomeras, R. Campos, E. Vidal, R. Garcia, M. Carreras, “Autonomous Underwater Navigation and Optical Mapping in Unknown Natural Environments”. Sensors, no. 8:1174. 2016. doi:10.3390/s16081174
-
R. Campos, R. Garcia, P. Alliez, M. Yvinec. “A Surface Reconstruction Method for In-Detail Underwater 3D Optical Mapping”. The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 34 no. 1 64-89, January 2015. eISSN: 1741-3176, ISSN: 0278-3649. DOI: 10.1177/0278364914546536
-
A. Elibol, J. Kim, N. Gracias, R. Garcia. “Fast Underwater Image Mosaicing through Submapping”. Journal of Intelligent Robotic Systems, 1-21, 2016. | https://www.eurofleets.eu/partner/university-of-girona/ |
The Indian coast, with a long history of maritime activities, has been dotted with several ancient ports. The evidence for this exists in port-related structures on the shore and in relics lying in the sea adjacent. Marine ...
Early Historic Shipwreck Archaeology of the Indian Subcontinent Region
(Agam Kala Prakashan, New Delhi, 2015)
Shipwreck archaeology in South Asian region is rather recent when one compares with the rest of the world and shipwrecks of the Bronze Age are unknown so far. There is also limited information on the shipwrecks of the early ...
Small protohistoric sites (fishing villages?) on the saurashtra coast, West Coast of India
(Annon, 2013)
During the maritime archaeological explorations a few sites of protohistoric in nature have been noticed along the saurashtra coast. the trial excavations of a few sites namely Bet Dwarka and Bhokhira on the western ...
Climate, vegetation and ecology during Harappan period: Excavations at Kanjetar and Kaj, mid-Saurashtra coast, Gujarat
(Elsevier, 2013)
A multi-proxy study was carried out to address climate–culture relationship from two trenches one each from Kaj and Kanjetar (mid-Saurashtra coast) deposited in a lacustrine setting, since ~1960 Cal BC and ~2230 Cal BC, ...
Marine Archaeological Explorations at Kulasekharapattinarn and Manapad Region, Tamil Nadu
(Agam Kala Prakashan, New Delhi, 2015)
Maritime activities along the Tamil Nadu date back to the second half of the 1st millennia BC and a large number of port towns developed all along the Tamil Nadu coast. The coastal and offshore explorations have yielded a ...
A maritime archaeological exploration along the Narmada estuary, west coast of India
(Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies, 2016)
A coastal exploration along the estuary of the River Narmada yielded the evidence of a port in Bharuch. Several early historic sites are noted along the down-stream of the River Narmada. Interestingly, there is a temple ...
Ancient Indians (Harappan settlement) were aware of tsunami/storm protection measures: A new interpretation of thick walls at Dholavira, Gujarat, India
(Current Science Association, 2016)
Dholavira, an archaeological site of Harappan times in Gujarat, had ‘city fortification’ as a unique aspect of its town planning. The thickness of the main city wall is alarming3, 9, 10. The probable cause of such massive ...
Maritime archaeology of Gujarat: Northwest coast of India
(Asian Academy of Heritage Management, 2011)
Asia-Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage Proceedings. Eds. by: Staniforth, M.; Craig, J.; Jago-on, S.C.; Orillaneda, B.; Lacsina, L.(Asia-Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage; ...
प्राचीन सभ्यता के विकास एवं विनाश मे जलवायु का योगदान: पुरातात्विक अवशेषो पर आधारित एक अध्ययन
(National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR), India, 2012)
Marine archaeological investigations on Tamil Nadu Coast, India: A overview
(Asian Academy of Heritage Management, 2011)
Ancient ports such as Kaveripattinam, Nagapattinam, Korkai, Alagankulam, Periyapattinam, all on Tamil Nadu coast have played a dominant role in the transoceanic trade and commerce with many countries since the beginning ... | https://drs.nio.org/drs/discover?rpp=10&filtertype_0=dateIssued&filtertype_1=author&filter_relational_operator_1=equals&filter_relational_operator_0=equals&filter_1=Gaur%2C+A.S.&filter_0=%5B2010+TO+2019%5D&filtertype=has_content_in_original_bundle&filter_relational_operator=equals&filter=true |
Many know of Alvin or Jason Jr., two of the great underwater exploration vehicles of the past half-century. Both have deep ties to MIT, where researchers and alumni have been pioneers in the rapid development of robotic underwater vehicles. From the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to MIT’s Sea Grant College Program, the Institute has been a key incubator. In 1988, the new MIT Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Lab produced its first research test bed dubbed Sea Squirt. The lab conducted experiments in the Charles River, Boston Harbor, and various local lakes to help its researchers develop new instrumentation and specialized AUV layered-control software, which was based on pioneering work from MIT’s Artificial Intelligence Lab. Results from Sea Squirt experiments led to the development of the highly successful MIT Sea Grant Odyssey-class AUV in 1990. Used for naval and scientific experiments around the globe, Odyssey AUVs have contributed to the commercialization of AUVs.
Gift of the MIT Sea Grant Program. | http://museum.mit.edu/150/141 |
Local divers, under the direction Mr. Jimmy Moss from Abbeville, conducted a preliminary archaeological and historical survey the west branch of the Cooper River. Guidance and advice was provided by the Sport Diver Archaeology Management Program (SDAMP) of South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology (SCIAA). The Cooper River is one of the most popular recreational diving areas in the state. The objectives of this project were two-fold. First, to involve divers in an avocational archaeology project with the idea of promoting diver education. Second, to systematically locate and assess the underwater cultural resources in this historically significant two mile stretch of river. These sites included prehistoric and historic artifact scatters, a dock structure, shipwrecks and a barge. The artifact scatters were sampled and initial documentation was undertaken on the structural remains. Participating divers were involved in a range of tasks which included historical research, maintaining field notebooks, plotting sites on topography maps, cataloging and labeling artifacts, and compiling the final report. Reviews of unpublished literature about past archaeological surveys and state-sanctioned salvage projects were undertaken by SCIAA staff in an attempt to determine the extent of the usefulness of these records. This background study also instigated a closer examination of South Carolina's early site file system and identified various management problems which could be pertinent for future work on underwater sites. Based on the formative results of this survey, some ideas were gleaned about underwater site distribution and fluvial processes in relation to riverine geomorphology and terrestrial topographic features. An analysis of the artifact collection recovered by the sport divers reflects distinctive assemblage components relating to plantation sites on the nearby river banks. This groundbreaking project, conducted and directed by sport divers, provided an ideal opportunity to combine public outreach and education with research - a important goal of SCIAA's Sport Diver Archaeology Management Program.
Publication Date
1993
Publisher
The South Carolina Institute of Archeology and Anthropology--University of South Carolina
City
Columbia
Keywords
Excavations, Sport divers, Cooper River, South Carolina, Archeology
Disciplines
Anthropology
Recommended Citation
Harris, Lynn; Moss, Jimmy; and Naylor, Carl, "The Cooper River Survey: An Underwater Reconnaissance of the West Branch" (1993). Research Manuscript Series. 196. | https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books/196/ |
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