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Sort By: Everyone deserves to be in a safe and healthy relationship. Do you know if your relationship is healthy? Answer yes or no to the following questions to find out. Make sure to check the boxes to record your responses. At the end, you’ll find out how to score your answers. (Author abstract)... In a world where children are "growing up digital," it's important to help them learn healthy concepts of digital use and citizenship. Parents play an important role in teaching these skills. (Author abstract) Couples can fight about anything, it’s just a fact of relationships. But arguments about money have a tendency to be particularly toxic, since they’re layered with deep emotional and personal history. This article provides tips for discussing finances with your partner to avoid arguments and... Communication is the basis for a healthy marriage. It’s how you and your spouse connect, share your thoughts and views, and settle disputes. Relationship communication skills don’t come easy for everyone. Some couples will have to work on their techniques for years. But over time, they will be... The subject of money is like everything else in your relationship: it all comes down to communication. This article provides information on three key conversations it’s good to have with your partner regarding finances. (Author abstract modified) This fact sheet offers information for women who are considering remarriage including communicating about personal finances, supporting children from two families, and other financial considerations. The series, "Women and Money: Unique Issues," encompasses financial management for... Determining how we handle conflict is a good way to assess how well we are functioning in our relationships. This brief quiz can help people realize what they are doing that is constructive and what skills they might want to develop to help manage conflict more effectively. Even the most loving couple will have conflict at times. Conflict itself is not bad. It is the way people deal with conflict that may cause problems. If conflict does not serve a purpose or solve a problem it can cause disruption and chaos. However, couples who do not have open conflict probably... This tip sheet outlines ways newly-married couples can maintain healthy relationships by sharing the responsibility for decision making, open communication, and effective conflict resolution. This article discusses the varied health effects of marriage. A bad marriage can lead to health risks such as increased blood pressure and increased risk for diabetes and heart attack. Satisfying marriages lead to increased immunity and greater longevity.	https://healthymarriageandfamilies.org/library-search-results?f%5B0%5D=field_ressource_keywords%3A3928&f%5B1%5D=field_ressource_keywords%3A4471
Sometimes schools assume all conflicts are destructive, have no value and try to suppress, avoid, and deny their existence. Conflicts occur all the time: who to sit by at lunch, what game to play at recess, when to get on task, when to play, when to talk, when to be quiet, when to listen, and who is going to do what. Some schools recognize conflicts as inevitable, healthy and valuable; not as problems but as solutions and learn to manage conflict constructively. Conflicts happen when incompatible solutions are sought. Since long-term relationships are important, people and schools must manage conflicts and maintain positive relationships. Strategies to manage conflict Problem-Solving Negotiation: Seek solutions to ensure all parties achieve their goals and resolve any tensions or negative feelings between them. Smoothing: party gives up its goal to maintain the relationship at the highest possible level. Saying I'm sorry doesn't mean I'm wrong. It let's the other person know you are sorry about the situation when the goal is less important than the relationship. Forcing a Win-Lose Negotiation: A party seeks to achieve its goal by forcing or persuading the other party to yield their goal. Strategies include threats, imposing penalties, preemptive actions to resolve without others knowledge or permission, persuasive arguments, impose a deadline, commit yourself to an unalterable position, and make demands that far exceed what is actually acceptable. The last strategy begins with an extreme opening position, and follows with a slow rate of compromise in an attempt to force the other party to concede. This strategy can be supplemented with persuasive arguments, threats, and attacks aimed at overpowering, overwhelming, or intimidating others. The purpose is to achieve the goal without concern for the needs or feelings of the other. The harder a party is pushed to give in, the harder the other person will push back. The more you force, the more the other resists and the angrier the other person becomes. When forcing is successful, winning may result in a sense of pride and achievement. When unsuccessful, it may result in depression, guilt, shame, and failure. It causes a high price of alienation and starts a spiral of win-lose tactics. Use when the goal is highly important and the relationship is not. Compromise: Each person or group alters their goal toward the others goal. Methods to help people compromise are to split the difference, meet in the middle, flip a coin, or let chance decide. Use when the goal and the relationship are moderately important and you and the other person cannot seem to get what each want. Each gives up part of a goal and sacrifices part of the relationship to reach an agreement. Compromise when time is short, Sometimes half a loaf is better than none. Use when the goal is not important and you do not need to keep a relationship with the other person. Withdraw: Leave, give up, avoid the issue and the person. Conflict becomes destructive when it's denied, suppressed, or avoided resulting in anger, fights, physical dominance, harassment, verbal attack, physical abuse, giving in, or cold shoulders. These actions do not resolve conflicts for benefit to all participants and instead result in alienating people. Conflict Resolution Outcomes \| \| Lose - Lose \| \| Win - Lose \| \| Win - Win \| \| Both participants lose their original goal and attain something less. \| \| One participant wins at the other's expense. \| \| All participants achieve their goals. \| \| Participants are angry, resentful, hurtful, and distrustful. \|Participants are angry, resentful, hurtful, and distrustful. One participant may feel power, pride, and/or achievement while the other may feel depression, guilt, shame, hurt, failure, resentful, and/or angry.\|\| \| Participants like, respect, and trust each other more. \| \| Possibility of constructively resolving future conflicts with each other decreases. \| \| Possibility of constructively resolving future conflicts with each other decreases. \| \| Potential is increased to resolve future conflicts constructively. Benefits for people who engage in problem solving conflict management: - creatively solve problems - learn about what makes them angry - understand what frightens them - maturity - be energized - to be stimulated and enjoy solving a problem or competing< - increase motivation to learn - arouse intellectual curiosity - deepen relationships< - strengthen convictions - create improved interpersonal relationships - improve negotiating skills - improve self-confidence - improve achievement - improve reasoning - better able to deal with stress and understand what is important to them - become less egocentric - gain and hold attention of others - improve the quality of decisions< - create joint identity and cohesiveness Conflict Resolution as Problem Solving Definitions of Terms \| \| Term \| \| Definition \| \| Want \| \| Desire for something. \| \| Need \| \| Necessity for survival. \| \| Goal \| \| Ideal state that we value and work to achieve. \| \| Interest \| \| Potential benefit to be gained by achieving goals. \| \| Conflict of interest \| \| A situation in which the actions of one person interfere with or block those of another person attempting to reach a goal. Characteristics of a problem solving conflict resolution environment: - A risk free environment with open honest communication, no physical violence against self or another person, no public humiliation and shaming, and no lying or deceit. - Participants motivated to succeed by self-regulation, external rewards, or punishment. - A cooperative context with all participants committed to achieve mutual goals or outcomes beneficial to all involved. - Frequent, complete, and truthful communication. All must accurately understand the different positions and motivations (wants, needs, or requests). - Positive interdependence so all participants desire to search for a successful solution to accommodate all legitimate interests. General suggestions for creating a positive problem solving environment: Face the issue. Do not withdraw from or ignore a conflict. If you do, in addition to damaging the relationship, you will keep emotional energy tied up in anger, fear, resentment, hostility, dislike, sulkiness, uncooperativeness, sarcasm, or talking behind the other person's back and new conflicts will be linked with the old to create further costs. Be honest. Generally the stronger the relationship, the more direct and open the discussion can be. Focus on the problem not the person. Keep the discussion free of personal criticism, recriminations, abusive language, and especially subtle jibes that inflict pain. Make it clear that disagreement is with the ideas and actions and not a value of the person. Separate the criticism of actions and ideas from the idea that the rejection is a statement of value of a person. Keep a sense of humor. Keep all weapons out of reach. No one hurts another. Protect each other's ego. Provide acceptable reasons for people to switch viewpoints. Use Humor Six Step Problem Solving to Resolve a Conflict Students can be taught Problem Solving techniques and provided with an environment for them to resolve conflicts. A carpeted space with the following list of student guidelines posted is one possibility. Problem Solving Rug Mediated Conflict Resolution Strategies to overcome impasse Teachers should weave conflict resolution procedures and skills into the fabric of school life. Examples include: follow-up lessons on improving communication skills, ways to control anger, appropriate assertiveness, problem solving skills, perspective-taking, creative thinking, intrapersonal, and interpersonal skills. Integration into subjects like social studies and literature by analyzing the people or characters, their actions or inactions, world events or plots of the stories with respect to conflict and their resolution. Conflict management training should be repeated yearly for 13 years, with an increasing level of complexity and sophistication. References for Conflict Resolution Programs - Teaching Students to be Peacemakers. Johnson and Johnson 1970-1994. - Children's Creative Response to Conflict (CCRC) Priscilla Prutzman. - Resolving Conflict Creatively by Educators for Social Responsibility (ESR) - Community Boards of San Francisco Conflict Managers Program. Ray Shonholtz response to Jimmy Carter's call for Neighborhood Justice Centers.	https://www.homeofbob.com/cman/intrvntns/conflctRes/conflctReslotn.html
Conflict and disagreements are an inevitable part of life. Learning how to effectively deal with these challenges is an important part of a child’s social development, not to mention their overall life skills. Most kids will be exposed to interpersonal conflict from an early age, through child care, home and interaction with friends or extended family. Research shows that children who manage conflict constructively are more likely to have a wide circle of friends, be better communicators and exhibit prosocial behaviours. How children handle conflict is based on a number of factors, including age, social development and life experiences. However, parents can be proactive in helping their children learn how to deal with conflict through a number of ways: - Modelling positive conflict resolution. Many people advocate that parents should not fight in front of children, however seeing adults constructively deal with conflict is actually an extremely valuable life lesson. 2. Teach self-awareness. Having insight into our own thoughts, feelings and actions is an important part of positive conflict resolution. When talking about emotions, be sure to name them clearly for your child and talk about emotional triggers. Having this awareness will help them better understand their role in the conflict. 3. Teach self-regulation. Knowing what you feel is one thing, but being able to control it is another! Learning how to manage one’s own feelings before dealing with someone else’s is an extremely important part of dealing with conflict in a positive way. Big emotions often cloud judgement and can make small conflicts blow out of proportion. 4. Encourage kindness and empathy. There are always two sides to a story and children should learn from an early age that what they think/feel/believe is not the same as everyone else’s. By being able to put themselves in the other party’s shoes your child will better able to negotiate a mutually acceptable outcome. Using a gentle, kind approach to conflict resolution rather than an aggressive one is also more likely to yield better outcomes. 5. Continue to work on communication skills. People who are skilled at conflict resolution use a number of strategies in their communication style, including: - Being open and honest when conflict or an issue arises. - Using “I statements” to get their own views and feelings across. - Active listening – a very important part of understanding everyone’s point of view in a conflict. - Not resorting to emotive or derogatory language (such as name calling, during conflict resolution). 6. Develop problem-solving skills. Teach your child how to identify the problem, come up with different solutions and negotiate with peers. Kids can tend to be very black and white so building lateral thinking skills can really help problem-solving ability. Get them to consider likely consequences, as well as all possible outcomes. 7. Talk about being fair and how compromise works. In an ideal world, every conflict situation would end in win-win but that is not always the case. Often someone needs to be more flexible about their wants or needs in order to come to a resolution. This isn’t about teaching your child to be a pushover – rather teaching them how to be flexible in order to achieve a positive outcome for everyone. Conflict resolution is a complex skill and one that many adults are still yet to master. However, by starting early and teaching your child how to manage these challenges openly and proactively, you will be helping pave the way for them to deal with conflict in a positive and constructive manner. This will not only be beneficial during their formative years but will help establish healthy patterns for life.	https://www.schoolmum.net/parenting/challenges-parenting/helping-your-child-with-friendship-conflict/
Do you regularly wonder how to stop arguing in a relationship? Once you develop unhealthy “fighting” habits as a couple, they can be challenging to change. Plus, there are times when you can’t agree no matter how hard you try. You come up to an impasse, and that can lead to constant arguing in a relationship. The skirmish may cease for the moment. However, since the underlying issue remains unresolved, it’s just a matter of time before the same old trigger causes another flare-up. And the trouble is, the longer the relational conflict goes on, the more damage will occur. As bad as relational or marital conflict may be, the increasing bitterness and lack of closeness between these disagreements can almost be worse. Slowly but surely, your relationship’s commitment and connection erode. Thankfully, many couples eventually manage to get past what initially seems like a hopeless pattern of arguments. How does that happen? Although each couples’ conflict resolution journey plays out a bit differently, here are some things that can help. Remember The Problem is How You Argue Sadly, we can pick up the false idea from our families and culture that a couple arguing is terrible, which isn’t wholly accurate. Arguments or disagreements are a normal part of relationships. The problem is how you argue, not that you disagree. A great relationship will have disagreements along the way as you align your purposes with each other. You’re on the same team, and staying on the same team means regularly working through differences. When arguments happen healthily and respectfully, they can be some of the most important and transformational moments in your growth as a couple. Your relationship gains even sharper focus than before. On the other hand, when opposing opinions cause you to work against each other you begin to see your partner as your enemy rather than your ally. In her “Psychology Today” article entitled 10 Tips for Solving Relationship Conflicts, Gwendolyn Seldman Ph.D. shares the following: “When handled properly, fighting can improve your relationship. If you never fight and never talk about your problems, you will never solve them.” So, is it normal to fight in a relationship? Yes! But the key is to work together to find a resolution, and if you cannot do that on your own, find help to do so. As a starting place, here are strategies to ensure your fighting does not become destructive to your relationship. Focus on the Problem, Not the Person One of the keys of how to stop fighting in a relationship is to avoid attacking your partner when you disagree on something. Sounds easy enough, right? Yet, it’s far too simple to revert to doing just that. By all means, fight in relationships. Just be sure you’re fighting against the problem as a team rather than attacking each other. Learn to Listen Without Interrupting If you can develop the habit of listening to your partner during disagreements, you’ll make a significant breakthrough in how to avoid arguments in a relationship. So many interruptions happen in the typical disagreement. If we don’t decide beforehand, we tend to interrupt the other partner, breaking down communication rather than building it up. Make respectful eye contact, take some deep breaths and listen to all your partner says before responding. Then, do your best to reply calmly. Even if you have a good idea of what your partner will say, don’t interrupt them. It isn’t only about understanding what is said. It’s also about being respectful while the other one shares their thoughts. Avoid Contempt Seldman also warns against one of the most sinister trust breakers during arguments, sometimes referred to as contempt. This is when you go beyond just passionately disagreeing about something. Instead, you revert to tactics that belittle and dehumanize your spouse or partner. This may be done through name-calling, rolling your eyes, or any other practice that makes your partner feel less than they are. This is a concern beyond isolated arguments as regular contempt in a relationship is a dependable predictor of divorce. We’re human and can take only so much. Since being demeaned in a relationship can only be survived so long, avoid it at all costs. Stay Positive During Disagreements Seldman also recommends, as research has shown, that couples need at least five positive interactions for every negative one. Relationships, where this doesn’t happen, are far more vulnerable to divorce. And even if they do hold together a little longer, they won’t have the same satisfaction level they could’ve otherwise experienced. Find ways to stay positive together when things grow heated. This could involve discussing the good you see in a bad situation but can go beyond that. You also can joke or find other ways to lighten the mood. There’s also nothing wrong with embracing afterwards to remind each other that you still care even though getting along isn’t always easy. When You’re at an Impasse One of the most aggravating, hopeless and infuriating challenges for any couple is when you keep having the same argument over and over again. Nothing gets resolved, and your once happy relationship continues to sink ever further into the abyss. If you keep arguing but can’t find adequate resolutions on your own, get help from an experienced couples therapist. The sooner you do, the sooner you’ll be able to resolve the problem and avoid any further damage. How to Stop Arguing in a Relationship – Couples Therapy Can Help Sometimes couples find ways to disagree healthily on their own. They also sometimes can learn to stop repeatedly arguing about the same thing. However, there are plenty of situations when conflict resolution in relationships is too challenging to handle alone. Needing outside help for your relationship due to disagreements doesn’t make you weak. We all need help from others outside our relationship at times. A trusted and professional third party can help you find better ways to communicate your feelings and needs to each other. You can also discover ways to get past disagreements that never seem to get resolved through couples or marriage counselling. If you’d like to learn more about how The Relationship Centre can assist you as a couple, please get in touch with us. Also, feel free to schedule an appointment with us.	https://www.therelationshipcentre.ca/struggling-to-get-along-how-to-stop-arguing-in-a-relationship/
dealing with relationship conflict ï»¿ ï»¿ï»¿ï»¿ Effective communication is perhaps the most important skill for addressing conflict and stress in a relationship. After all, blaming the other person never solves anything. The better and more mature response is to take responsibility for the part you play in the conflict. By Jenna Ponaman, Lyra Mental Health Coach. When we face conflict with a coworker, it can be an annoying and persistent burden until we deal with it. As you deal with the conflict, listen to what the other person has to say. This caused me to think about relationship conflict in general, what causes it, and how to deal with it. Each person comes into a relationship with certain expectations. Donât play the victim. If you canât express yourself without fear of retaliation, you may be experiencing abuse. Create a welcoming environment for open communication. Here are some ways to deal with an issue more assertively. Occasional conflict is a part of life, according to New York-based psychologist Susan Silverman. Conflict is normal, but your arguments shouldnât turn into personal attacks or efforts to lower the otherâs self-esteem. How To Deal With Relationship Conflict When Youâre the Cause Iâve figured out a few things about recovering from my own bone-headedness. Methods for dealing with conflict situations. Conflict arises when there are problems on both sides. You should listen to what the other person says and hear their concerns or thoughts. Being conflict avoidant impacts our relationships by cutting off honest communication. Dec 22, 2020. Dealing with conflict. These are based on past experiences, childhood, or how you think things should be. Placating someone to end conflict can make the other person feel manipulated and dismissed. 3 Ways to Deal with Conflict in Relationships. 6. Itâs clear that relationship conflict occurs because expectations arenât being met. December 4, 2020 by Deepak Shukla Leave a Comment The effect of conflict on you and your relationship is impacted by 1) how much that person means to you, 2) the source of the conflict, and 3) how both of you respond. If you are having a hard time developing this skill, or if the conflict in your relationship is extreme, couples counseling might be useful. Managing conflicts is not impossible, but you have to want to learn new ways of dealing with the them as they arise, you have to want to enhance your ability to communicate effectively, and you have to want to work on improving your relationship, in order to decrease the chance of conflicts ruining it. Relationship Problem: Conflict. 1. Conflict resolution in unhealthy relationships. The way you deal with an issue with your partner can determine if your relationship is healthy or unhealthy, so here are some tips to keep in mind that will help you handle your next argument in a healthy way. Disagreements happen in all relationships, but what matters is how they are dealt with. This is essential to handling conflicts in relationships. Learn more about identifying the signs of abuse and get help. Coping With Relationship Conflict . 2020 has been a year of adjustment. Self-victimization never helps, especially not when it comes to dealing with conflict in your relationship. ... A ârelationshipâ in this context does not necessarily mean friendship or closeness, but rather points to a mutual understanding in which members of a team agree upon roles and boundaries in the workplace. Boeuf Bourguignon Jamie, Bholi Si Surat Movie Name, Sweet Chili Sauce Amazon, Jamaica And China Relations, Green Pumpkin Benefits, Nantahala Nc Map, Stuffed Rolled Pork, Fixed Bed Reactor Vs Fluidized Bed Reactor, Best Instant Ramen Bowls 2020,	https://www.winelandsuvtechnology.co.za/im8c1d35/dealing-with-relationship-conflict-10db6a
Relationships with loved ones are very important to us all, but they can sometimes be challenging and difficult. People who care for each other can become overwhelmed by disagreements that spiral out of control into hurtful arguments. Couples Therapy Sometimes when one person in a relationship is suffering from depression or anxiety, may be drinking too much, or is becoming burnt out from the demands of work, the relationship as a whole starts to suffer. It’s not uncommon for couples to feel stuck in patterns of behavior. Arguing becomes frequent, the sexual relationship is less fulfilling than it used to be, or major changes in life are pulling the couple further and further apart. Couples counseling helps people identify and overcome obstacles to healthy communication, increasing emotional intimacy and resulting in more satisfying and fulfilling relationships. At Portland Mindfulness Therapy, we teach mindfulness skills to couples, allowing improved communication, problem-solving, and coping. Psychotherapy is useful in addressing and healing issues of marital conflict, poor communication, sexual intimacy, infidelity, grief and loss, anger, and a wide range of issues that affect relationships, including trauma and abuse, mental illness, and substance abuse. Call us at 503-222-2361 to schedule an appointment or learn more.	http://portlandmindful.com/services/couples/
Of all the people who get married, only 3 in 10 remain in happy. The rest of the relationships end either in divorce or dysfunction. So what does it take to maintain a healthy relationship and a lasting, loving marriage? Romantic relationships are important for our happiness and well-being. Yet with more than 40 percent of new marriages ending in divorce, it’s clear that relationships aren’t always easy. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to keep your romantic partnership in good working order. Psychologist John Gottman studied thousands of couples over 40 years to answer that question. In 1986, he and a partner set up “The Love Lab,” where they brought in newlyweds and watched them interact. Researchers in the Love Lab hooked up the couples to electrodes and measured their heart rate, blood flow, and how much sweat they produced as they asked them questions about their relationships. After compiling data over several years, Gottman found that there were two types of couples: the masters and the disasters. The masters were still together and happy after six years of marriage or more. The disasters had either split up or were unhappy in their relationships. What set these two groups apart? The disaster couples had strong physiological reactions while discussing their relationships, despite the appearance of calm on the outside. The higher their heart rates and the more sweat and blood flow they produced, the quicker their relationships fell apart. What caused these physiological responses was the environment that the couples had created for each other. Even when talking about minor details of their relationship, the disaster couples were prepared to attack or be attacked. Their interactions were hostile and aggressive. Meanwhile, the masters had low physiological responses during their tests. Their environment was one of trust and intimacy, and this allowed them to feel calm and connected in each other’s presence. Gottman found that the way that couples react to each other’s bids for attention can determine what kind of environment they create. For example, a wife who is a video game enthusiast might be looking for attention or support from her husband by remarking on a game that excites her. The husband has two choices: He can either dismiss her or engage her. Dismissal can be as minor as a distracted “that’s great, babe” or as aggressive as a disparaging comment about how video games are waste of time. But if he engages her by showing interest—”Oh, I remember you telling me about this game. Is that the one where you fight evil trolls?”—he is meeting her emotional needs. Partners who stayed together engaged in their significant other’s bids for attention far more often than those who fell apart—the masters clocked in at 87 percent while the disasters only did so 33 percent of the time. Essentially, couples who showed more kindness and support towards one another—in the good times and the bad—ended up in happier, longer-lasting relationship For example, if a husband receives a promotion at work, an active, constructive response would be to enthusiastically congratulate him and then ask questions to show interest. “A partner who says, ‘Congratulations! That’s amazing! How did it happen?” is demonstrating kindness that helps to build the backbone of a lasting relationship. A partner who grumbles, “Great, now you’ll be away from home even MORE,” is having the opposite effect—deflating her husband’s good news and criticizing his behavior for good measure. As you choose from potential partners, look out for these signs. Does he respond positively to your interests, even if he doesn’t share them, or does he tend to brush you off? Does she make negative assumptions about your intentions (for example, does she assume you were getting a text from another date when your phone went off during dinner), or does she view most of your actions as well-meaning? People who demonstrate kindness and support in a relationship will not only put you at ease in the present, they might also be the key to a long and happy future. Talking openly Communication is a key piece of healthy relationships. Healthy couples make time to check in with one another on a regular basis. It’s important to talk about more than just parenting and maintaining the household, however. Try to spend a few minutes each day discussing deeper or more personal subjects to stay connected to your partner over the long term. That doesn’t mean you should avoid bringing up difficult subjects. Keeping concerns or problems to yourself can breed resentment. When discussing tough topics, though, it pays to be kind. Researchers have found that communication style is more important than commitment levels, personality traits or stressful life events in predicting whether happily married couples will go on to divorce. In particular, negative communication patterns such as anger and contempt are linked to an increased likelihood of splitting up. how to know you’re being used by someone Disagreements are part of any partnership, but some fighting styles are particularly damaging. Couples that use destructive behavior during arguments — such as yelling, resorting to personal criticisms or withdrawing from the discussion — are more likely to break up than are couples that fight constructively. Examples of constructive strategies for resolving disagreements include attempting to find out exactly what your partner is feeling, listening to his or her point of view and trying to make him or her laugh. Keeping it interesting Between kids, careers and outside commitments, it can be difficult to stay connected to your partner. Yet there are good reasons to make the effort. In one study, for example, researchers found couples that reported boredom during their seventh year of marriage were significantly less satisfied with their relationships nine years later.4 To keep things interesting, some couples plan regular date nights. Even dates can get old, though, if you’re always renting a movie or going to the same restaurant. Experts recommend breaking out of the routine and trying new things — whether that’s going dancing, taking a class together or packing an afternoon picnic. Intimacy is also a critical component of romantic relationships. Some busy couples find it helpful to schedule sex by putting it on the calendar. It may not be spontaneous to have it written in red ink, but setting aside time for an intimate encounter helps ensure that your physical and emotional needs are met. Don’t Forget the Small Things Saying please and thank you shouldn’t be reserved for the company. Manners are important – even with the person you’ve been with for 20 years. Extend the same respect to your spouse as you would to a visiting guest. Say please and thank you, make polite conversation and why not offer your partner a drink? A few manners and niceties will go a long way to maintaining a culture of mutual respect. Exercise Together Studies show that couples who exercise together are not only healthier, but more satisfied with their marriage. Psychology Today cites several studies that report that the symptoms of physiological arousal (the type of high you get from exercise) mimic the effects of sexual and romantic arousal. If you work out together, you will feel sexy, and in love! also read Signs that you are in a one-sided relationship Go On Vacation A couple’s retreat can be energizing for a relationship, but so can traveling separately! Many happy, healthy couples take their own short vacations, or have regular trips away with a social group. Being alone, meeting new friends, or enjoying adventures without your partner can be very empowering. Ultimately, you will return to your partner energized, enthusiastic- and more in love than ever. Never Go to Bed Angry (But Do Sleep On An Argument) There is an old saying, “never go to bed angry”. But is half-past midnight really the time to discuss a problem? If you have a disagreement in the evening, do not discuss things if you are both tired. Set a time to talk the following day, say goodnight, and sleep on it. Things will be much clearer in the morning. Be tolerant of physical change Certain things to do anytime you’re tempted to cheat on your partner As your partner and you grow old together, you will both mature and change – and because you have grown so comfortable together, you may be quick to point out flaws in each other. But, if you want your happy relationship to last, you should never mention the stretch marks, the beer belly or the bald spot! No matter how old and wrinkly you both get, the answer to “How do I look?” is always: “You look beautiful (and I love you)”. When should couples seek help? Every relationship has ups and downs, but some factors are more likely than others to create bumps in a relationship. Finances and parenting decisions often create recurring conflicts, for example. One sign of a problem is having repeated versions of the same fight over and over. In such cases, psychologists can help couples improve communication and find healthy ways to move beyond the conflict. You don’t have to wait until a relationship shows signs of trouble before working to strengthen your union. Marital education programs that teach skills such as good communication, effective listening and dealing with conflict have been shown to reduce the risk of divorce. If you’d like professional help improving or strengthening your relationship, use the Contact us to find a psychologist in your area.	https://ladyprowessblog.com.ng/how-to-maintain-a-healthy-relationship/
15 Tips on How to Manage Conflict at Work This article discusses tips on how to manage conflict at work. From our own experience in life and in the workplace we know that conflict is inevitable. Workplace conflict encompasses disputes, friction or disagreement between one or more people in an organization. A knee-jerk reaction when it comes to conflict is to avoid it as much as possible and conversely when conflict occurs, there can be a temptation to hope that it goes away on its own. Ignoring conflict might not be the best solution, there is need to deal with, resolve or handle conflict when it occurs. You can quickly skim all the 15 conflict resolution tips on the table of contents below and then click on any tip to read further details. Please enjoy reading. Thank you. TABLE OF CONTENTS - Causes of conflict in an organization - Causes of conflict between individuals - Causes of team or group conflict - Signs of conflict between individuals/Conflict warning signs - Negative ways of dealing with conflict/Mistakes in handling conflict - Ways to handle conflict in the workplace - Ascertaining the impact of the conflict - Finding out what solutions have been tried - Seeking solutions from conflicting parties - Agreeing on a mutual solution - Following up and monitoring effectiveness of the solution - Anticipating future problems - When solutions don’t work/When conflict is not resolved - Benefits of conflicts - Conflict resolution skills 1. Causes of Conflict in an Organization Generally, people want to do a good job at work, be productive, creative, ambitious, cooperative and thrive in the work environment while maintaining strong and healthy working relationships. Despite these noble intentions, at one point or another, we are bound to face some conflict at the workplace. Causes of conflict at an organizational level include the following: - Poor leadership – where an organization is not being led well leading to mismanagement of resources, poor company performance, low staff morale, turnover and being uncompetitive. - Lack of communication – can lead to a vacuum of information where people do not know what is going on or what they are expected to do; closely related is unclear communication. - Compensation – feeling that salary and/or benefits are not commensurate with the work. - Lack of resources – or inadequate resources to effectively do one’s work such as inadequate staffing, inadequate supplies, limited budgets and lack of training budgets or training resources. - Systems breakdown – where systems are not well maintained or regularly maintained leading to outages, disruption of work, delays, missed deadlines, pressure to perform within tight schedules, overworking to catch up, missed orders, loss of customers etc. - Resistance to change – tension can arise when change is viewed as a threat, when the reason for change is not understood or properly communicated, or when the originator of the change is not trusted. - Negative work environment or even hostile work environment – where overall company culture is toxic with elements such as intimidation, bullying, fear, undermining others, cliques, unfair treatment, bad attitudes towards work and others, difficult or entitled employees etc. - Unresolved problems – when problems persist for long periods and similarly when employees’ suggestions or solutions are constantly ignored. - Lack of cooperation – this could be between individuals, teams, managers, departments, offices, headquarters and branches, partners, vendors, suppliers, clients, customers etc. 2. Causes of Conflict between Individuals Conflicts can vary from minor misunderstandings to explosive disagreements. Individual conflicts could arise out of differences of opinions, values, beliefs or perspectives between two or more people such as an employer and an employee, disagreements between coworkers or disputes between an employee and their supervisor, between team members, staff from different departments and even conflicts between managers. Other causes of conflict between individuals include: - Work processes and different opinions on how to do things. - Under-performing employee. - Lack of recognition. - Personality differences. - Misunderstandings. - Hidden agendas. - Power struggles. - A poor fit. - Lack of autonomy – constantly being told what to do. - Jealousy. - Bias. - Favoritism. - Ignoring concerns/being dismissive. - Blame game, - Lack of flexibility. - Competing priorities or goals. - Work styles - Stress. - Burnout. - Poor communication. - Gossiping. - Lack of focus. - External individual problems. - Selfishness, putting yourself first and unwillingness to help others. - Lack of planning or poor planning. - Poor listening skills. - Interrupting others. - Lack of feedback especially between a supervisor and direct report. - Condescending attitude. - Unhealthy competition. 3. Causes of Team or Group Conflict In as much as teams are supposed to work harmoniously towards the accomplishment of common goals, conflict can arise due to various factors such as: - Competing priorities – where the priorities of the team are at odds with an individual’s goals or priorities and one feels pulled in different directions. - Unbalanced workloads – where an individual or a specific section of the group feels like they are doing far much more than others. - Scarce resources – when there are inadequate resources to help in achieving desired results. - Unclear communication – where it is not well defined what each person should be doing or what the whole group should work on together. - Power struggles – where individuals jostle for power and leadership or decision making authority. - Unrealistic deadlines – tight deadlines can be a source of worry, stress and unhappiness at work. - Not sharing credit – despite putting in the work then not receiving recognition or appreciation. - Lack of team guidelines – a well-functioning team should be governed by rules and expectations as well as clarity in goals and leadership. Lack of clear guidelines and structure can breed conflict and confusion. - Interdependent work relationship – where you are waiting for someone to complete a task in order to complete your work. 4. Signs of Conflict between Individuals/Conflict Warning Signs When left unresolved, workplace conflicts can lead to stress, frustration, disappointment, anger, communication breakdown, unhappiness at work, hostility, absenteeism and even staff turnover. It can be tempting to ignore conflict and hope that it will go away, however, unresolved conflict can escalate leading to heated arguments, pointing fingers, blaming each other and even affect others who are not involved in the conflict. Other signs of conflict between individuals entail: - Lack of cooperation or collaboration. - Mistrust. - Not apologizing. - Belittling. - Over-reacting. - Harsh emails. - Fault-finding. - Lack of interest. - Low motivation. - Avoiding each other. - Tension. - Gossiping. - Low morale. - Passive-aggression. - Reduced productivity. - Hurtful words. - Office drama. - Walking away. - Retaliating. - Wanting to win an argument. - Lack of respect. - Shutting down. 5. Negative Ways of Dealing with Conflict/Mistakes in Handling Conflict More often than not we are likely to feel that the other party is to blame and they should see things from our perspective. Usually, each person has a role in a disagreement, argument or dispute. Mistakes in handling conflict include the following: - Ignoring or avoiding the conflict and perhaps hoping that it will go away on its own. - Avoiding the other person. - Hostile body language. - Blaming each other. - Making excuses and not acknowledging our role in the conflict. - Arguing/shouting match/outbursts. - Keeping grudges. - Sulking. - Anger. - Hostility. - Insults/name-calling. - Hoarding information. - Being defensive. - Retaliating. - Not compromising. - Wanting to win at all costs. - Needing to be right all the time. - Bad mouthing others. - Losing your temper; yelling, exploding or blowing up at someone. - Engaging in feuds where a dispute goes on for a long time. - Not contributing in conflict resolution. - Forcing or pushing your point of view through. - Fighting. - Ignoring the input or feelings of the other party. - Intimidating others. - Being arrogant/having an inflated-ego. 6. Ways to Handle Conflict in the Workplace Steps in workplace conflict resolution can vary depending on the severity of the conflict; the more severe the conflict, the more steps and intervention would be required. Steps on how to resolve conflicts at work as a mediator include the following: - Find a time and a place to listen to the conflicting parties. - Listen to both sides of the conflict. - Figure out the problem or source of the conflict. - Ask questions to discover, draw out or find out more information to get to the bottom of the issue or unmask the real issue or hidden problem that is causing friction. - Identify what led to the conflict – Are there specific actions or behaviors that caused the conflict? What led to the conflict? - Determine why the contentious behavior happens; When did the behavior start or happen? - Request the conflicting parties to repeat-back what the other party stated is the cause of the conflict and how it affects them (i.e. restating the problem based on the other persons’ point of view). - Paraphrase your own understanding of the conflict. 7. Ascertaining the Impact of the Conflict Conflict that has gone on for a long time takes a toll on energy and emotions. It can even dampen morale and productivity. Inquire how long the conflict has been going on and similarly find out how the dispute is affecting the employees and others. The end goal is to aim to emerge stronger from each conflict rather than it eating up or sucking away people’s energy and enthusiasm. 8. Finding out What Solutions Have Been Tried An additional step in mediating a conflict in the office is as follows: - Ask the conflicting parties if they have tried to resolve the conflict on their own. - If they indeed tried to work things out, inquire what solution they attempted. - Seek any insights on why the solution might not have worked. 9. Seeking Solutions from Conflicting Parties A manager or supervisor does not necessarily have to be involved in mediating all conflicts in the office or workplace. It is helpful to encourage and train employees to actively deal with conflicts on their own. In other situations, employees might be unable to resolve the conflict on their own or there could be too many emotions or hurt egos involved that it would necessitate a third party to arbitrate. An important step in conflict resolution is to ask what solutions the conflicting parties propose. 10. Agreeing on a Mutual Solution After each person has described what an ideal solution would look like, the next step is to identify the pros and cons of each solution. Identify common ground or areas of agreement and work together on a solution. Crafting a workable solution requires humility, willingness to concede, reciprocation, forgiveness, compromise, mutual respect and a genuine willingness to collaborate or work together to make the solution work. Re-state what has been agreed and how the solution will be carried out. Encourage each party to repeat-back their understanding of the agreed-upon solution. 11. Following Up and Monitoring Effectiveness of the Solution Follow-up at some point to see how things are going. Likewise observe if employees are getting along. Inquire if the problem has been fixed; similarly listen to how they went about sorting out the conflict. You could also learn something in the process. Thank the employees for their efforts in resolving the conflict as well as the positive progress being undertaken. It is possible that someone else in the organization could be facing the same challenges that have been resolved or overcome. In such a situation, employees can transfer their knowledge in helping others to solve similar problems by sharing their story or solutions that worked for them. 12. Anticipating Future Problems Whereas future problems cannot be eliminated entirely, you can take steps to anticipate and reduce the severity or impact of potential disputes, disagreements or quarrels. Some proactive methods of anticipating and lessening future problems include the following: - Setting clear goals and guidelines including performance goals. - Encouraging healthy disagreement and giving each other space to discuss different viewpoints. - Training on conflict management or resolution skills. - Offering more and regular feedback. - Paying more attention to others. - Setting aside time to get to know each other better to strengthen working relationships, for example – informal lunch or coffee and team building activities. - Entertaining or listening to other people’s point of views. - Encouraging more brainstorming and listening to other people’s ideas and ways of thinking. - Working on flexibility and negotiating to achieve mutually desirable goals, being willing to give and take to achieve mutually beneficial solutions. - Taking the initiative to fix small problems before they get out of hand. - Improving interpersonal communication skills. - Increasing the frequency of communication. - Conducting regular check-in meetings. - Practicing empathy; seeing things from other people’s perspective. How it affects others. - Seeking people’s input when developing and rolling out new processes. - Encouraging employees to share their problems early. - Helping people to feel they are part of something by sharing how assigned tasks relate to the big picture of an organization. - Being open to change and being open-minded. - Supporting the sharing of ideas, successes and failures and promoting interdepartmental learning. 13. When Solutions Don’t Work/When Conflict Is Not Resolved Despite our best intentions or good efforts in tackling or de-escalating workplace conflicts, there are some situations where proposed solutions might not work. Likewise, some solutions might work quickly and some can take longer to work. Similarly, it is possible that one conflict could be settled only for another squabble to emerge. It is important to bring to the attention of human resources, superiors, bosses or managers situations such as: - When a conflict keeps escalating, increasing or getting out of hand. - When the strife has gone on for too long. - When the parties are having difficulty letting go and productivity is declining. - When the conflict is affecting many people, making others uncomfortable or posing a threat to others. - When the conflict is causing elevated stress, mistrust, disrespect or ill-feelings between staff. In these kinds of situations, external intervention is necessary to help straighten out the conflict and support people to succeed in their work. Consult company policies, guidelines, standard operating procedures or employee handbook on procedures for reporting conflict or internal complaints processes. Be prepared with facts and documentation for example what is the conflict, when did it start, who are affected, who is causing the conflict, what solutions have been tried etc. In such scenarios, the conflict would be investigated based on the company’s procedures and a resolution determined. 14. Benefits of Conflicts Even though conflict is stressful, it may not necessarily be a bad thing. It could signify that there is something that needs to change to improve work output. It can also strengthen working relationships once the conflict has been resolved. Here are some advantages or benefits of conflicts: - It can be a learning opportunity; learning from mistakes. - Strengthens your resilience. - Improves ability to handle setbacks. - Brings problems to the surface – opportunity to find out and resolve underlying issues. - Helps to improve communication. - Identifies solutions. - Opens up different points of view. - Helps to understand other people better, their needs, ways of thinking, and perspectives. - Building strong relationships after reconciliation. - Helps develop communication skills in presenting your point of view better with clarity and taking time to patiently listen and understand the needs of others. 15. Conflict Resolution Skills Soft skills that can assist in handling conflict consist of: good communication skills, problem solving skills, active listening, brainstorming, decision making, negotiation, leadership and teamwork. Other helpful qualities are being agreeable, being flexible, willingness to forgive, respectfulness, teachability, accountability, self-awareness, empathy, cooperativeness and a positive attitude and outlook. Conclusion When faced with conflict at work, begin by conducting a self-evaluation of your role in the conflict, listen to the other person’s concerns to understand their point of view, work collaboratively towards a common solution and demonstrate willingness to carry out the proposed solution to resolve the conflict.	https://www.thriveyard.com/15-tips-on-how-to-manage-conflict-at-work/
Love and relationship are perhaps the most binding things that happen between human beings. Keeping a healthy relationship and maintaining it is not as easy as it seems. The relationship is an equally lovable and demanding thing to keep it going. Both partners must put in the time and effort to maintain a healthy relationship based on mutual respect, trust, and open communication. There isn’t a power disparity here. Individuals can make their judgments without fear of vengeance or retaliation, making decisions together. Stalking or refusing to let go of the other partner is not tolerated whether or when a relationship ends. This article shows the concrete foundations of a healthy relationship, its characteristics and amazing key ideas to maintain it. Healthy Relationship Foundations - You and your spouse can address each other’s needs to be comfortable with them. - The ability to express one’s thoughts and feelings to allow the other person to feel secure, heard, and not judged is a critical component of effective communication in relationships. - To build trust, couples must be able to rely on one another, which takes time and effort. - In sexual activity, the term “consent” is usually used to indicate that you are comfortable with what is taking place and that no one is pressuring or guilting you into doing anything you do not want to. To reiterate, you don’t have to automatically grant consent in the future just because you’ve already agreed to something. Explore the other areas on your left to see how these items work together. It’s important to remember that enforcing positive behaviours like healthy boundaries, open communication, and trust may put your safety in danger if you’re in an abusive relationship. Abuse is about gaining and maintaining power and control, and the person abusing you may be unwilling to relinquish that authority. Boundaries The act of drawing a line is analogous to setting limits. Those things that you are comfortable with are on one side, and those that you aren’t, aren’t ready for and make you uncomfortable are on the other. You must know where to draw your line because everyone will be somewhat different. Setting limits is an excellent approach to communicating your requirements to your partner and letting them know when something doesn’t feel right. You have the right to prioritise your needs over those of others, especially if meeting their wants causes you distress. To be open and honest with your partner, you don’t have to compile a list of everything that makes you uncomfortable. You don’t need to explain yourself if your needs are different from your partner’s. To maintain a healthy relationship, you must engage in difficult discussions. Your trust in your relationship grows when they respect and listen to you. Even after you’ve spoken with your partner, boundaries might still be breached, and here is where believing yourself comes in. If you’re feeling depressed or worried, you may not be able to put your finger on what’s going on inside of you. Always rely on your intuition. If something doesn’t feel right to you, it generally isn’t. Have an open discussion with your partner if they violated a line you didn’t know you had drawn. You may be dealing with some form of abusive behaviour when a boundary has been breached despite making it clear. If your partner pressures you into doing something, begs you to do it, or threatens to split up with you, it’s a form of coercion that can be subtle. Communication Every relationship benefits from open and honest communication because it helps you express your true self and what you require from the people in your life. The better way to have a satisfying life is that misunderstandings, misunderstandings, and hurt feelings can result from poor communication. Here are some recommendations to help you open up to your partner. Be selfless Use the “I statement” to avoid the impression that you’re blaming or accusing the other person (“I feel that…”); if you don’t understand anything, say so. Don’t be afraid, to tell the truth, even if the other person doesn’t like it. When talking about a negative topic, include a good point to counterbalance it. Avoid phone during a conversation Make sure your phone is out of the way when the other person is speaking so you can entirely focus on what they are saying; wait for them to finish talking before you react; use acknowledging comments like “interesting” to let them know you’ve heard them; Keep an open line of communication and don’t leave them hanging when you don’t understand anything. Be prepared for the possibility of hearing something you don’t like, and give it some thought before replying. Make eye contact Make eye contact, face them, and offer them your complete attention while leaning in to hear what they have to say. Don’t have an essential chat over text or social media, such as Facebook or Twitter. Don’t get sidetracked by other activities or several discussions while chatting online; if you can’t react, tell the other person, so you don’t leave them hanging. As for when and where to have an essential discussion, if you’ve recently fought, wait until you’ve calmed down before speaking, and discuss your worries before they turn into more significant issues. If you want to be honest about your emotions, have a private conversation. Consent An agreement between two persons, expressed in words or deeds that they are willing to participate in sexual behaviour is known as “consent.” Consent is not implied by a person’s inaction or lack thereof. Some people, such as intoxicated, asleep or unconscious, or have intellectual limitations, cannot provide their consent. Active communication and the understanding that one person has the right to withdraw consent are necessary components of consent. keys for a Healthy Relationship The ability to talk honestly is one of the essential characteristics of a healthy relationship. In a healthy relationship, partners should be able to express their emotions and understand one another. Is it hard for you to open up and express your feelings? You may need to build more trust with the other person. We may be suppressing our emotions because we’re fearful of the other person’s reaction or worried about being judged. In a new relationship, we’re still figuring out how to talk to one another successfully. Communication can devolve into an unhealthy dynamic when one partner feels the urge to control the other’s thoughts or actions. Setting limits can be helpful in this case. In a healthy relationship, it’s essential to express your demands and identify your boundaries to avoid conflict. Negotiating a Solution Conflict and disagreements are to be expected in any partnership. In our relationships, it’s natural for us to have different interests, views, and values than our significant others. Relationship conflicts may indicate that something needs to change. Often, couples who avoid or minimise confrontation are more likely to experience rising tensions and unmet demands. More significant than the disagreement itself, though, are how couples deal with it. Any kind of connection, whether with a friend, family member, or significant other, needs to work through disagreements respectfully and understanding. Someone’s perspective may not be the same as ours. It may be time to reevaluate how you communicate with one another if disagreements erupt into arguments more frequently than not. To soften your language and communicate assertively, try employing “I” statements. A better alternative to saying, “you need to quit doing that”, is to say, “I would like you to cease doing that.” Free samples of “I” statements and active listening from Student Conduct and Conflict Resolution can be found here (SCCR). When a disagreement becomes increasingly difficult to resolve, we may begin to fear arguing with our partners for fear of inciting their rage, abuse, or violence. When partners disagree, they may turn to make fun of the other person. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s time to seek help. OVA offers discreet support and services to help students who may be experiencing this type of behaviour. Mutual Intimacy Intimacy and connection can only occur in partnerships where both partners have agreed to respect and tolerate each other’s space. Healthy relationships are built on open communication and mutual respect’s emotional and physical needs. When it comes to sex, this involves discussing what you want, what you don’t want, and how it makes you feel. As a result, good partnerships necessitate constant communication and attention to this issue. One or both couples may find intimacy more stressful than joyful if they are afraid their spouse will not listen or care about what they say. Abuse occurs when a partner’s needs and wants are disregarded or when they are forced into situations they do not want. To help students who may be experiencing these types of behaviours, OVA offers free and confidential support and resources. Listening and Feeling Heard It’s critical to have someone listen to our thoughts and ideas and to feel heard. When two people are in a healthy relationship, they are comfortable discussing problems, expressing their views, and listening to others. If you and your partner have difficulty talking, you must know that you’ve heard. An unrecognised person’s sentiments and needs might harm a relationship. Both partners need to create room for the other for a relationship to work. Compromise and constant communication are essential to respect the sentiments, requirements, and values. Compromise isn’t always the best option. In a relationship, it is abusive if one partner actively disrespects, ignores, or demeans the other When a partner acts in this manner, they may also show disrespect for the thoughts and feelings of their partner’s partner. Free and confidential support is available for students who may be experiencing these types of behaviours in their relationship with CU’s Office of Victim Assistance (OVA). Characteristics of Healthy Relationships For a relationship to be considered healthy, it must be based on communication, respect, and clear limits. It takes more than just having common interests and solid affection for one another for a relationship to be successful. It necessitates two people who are sincerely in love with each other and care about their well-being. To have a successful relationship, you need to have the following characteristics: - In long-term relationships, we tend to lose touch with our partners’ feelings of love and affection. But a healthy partnership requires a lot of affection. What makes a good relationship great is this stuff. - Touching, holding, or kissing your lover for no reason is an expression of love. You can express your affection for your partner in various ways, whether with a tender embrace, a kind touch, a kind word, or any other tiny gesture. - Intimacy and personal space are valued. Your lover doesn’t have to stay by your side 24 hours a day, seven days a week. - Those who remain in a relationship can appreciate and complement one other. Recognise and express gratitude for your partner’s efforts. - They urge you to spend time with friends and participate in activities that you find enjoyable. - Your ideas, words, deeds, and general demeanour convey gentleness. It’s accepting and loving your spouse and treating them with care and respect. It’s not yelling, calling each other names, or being emotionally or verbally abusive. - When you’re with your lover, you’re at ease expressing your thoughts and worries. - Healthy relationships have thoughtfulness as a feature, but it’s a quality that is often missed since it’s difficult to describe. It’s all about keeping your partner’s needs in mind and doing things that will improve their quality of life. - Your partner doesn’t make you do something you don’t want to do because you’re afraid for your physical safety. Yes, you must be devoted to your spouse. You must, however, be equally committed to the relationship as you are to your spouse. When you put the relationship’s health and future ahead of yourself, you’re more likely to take positive steps and alter your behaviour. When there are disagreements or problems, you and your partner can compromise and work things out. Conclusion Both partners must put in the time and effort to maintain a healthy relationship based on mutual respect, trust, and open communication. An unequal playing field does not exist. Together, partners may make decisions without fear of punishment or revenge and appreciate each other’s independence. Relationships are built on mutual respect, compassion, and understanding. This means that you should also expect your partner to give of themselves to you. For men, they mustn’t be made to feel inferior by how they are treated. They relish the opportunity to be recognised and applauded for their accomplishments. In the end, kids just want to know that they’re loved and respected. To put it another way, men and women have similar priorities. It’s a given that you’ll wake up in the same bed you fell asleep in. When you accomplish your job well, you should be paid for it. In relationships, it’s also acceptable to have expectations. These are reasonable expectations and the foundation of a healthy relationship: respect and honesty. When you genuinely adore someone and feel safe and content in their company, it may signify that a long-term relationship, such as marriage, is on the horizon. Sociologists studied the characteristics that men look for in a possible bride. Mutual attraction and love are among these preferences. You can also see this.	https://www.knowittoday.com/what-are-the-proven-tips-to-keep-a-healthy-relationship/
Experts Say Every Single Relationship Can Last If It Has These 9 Characteristics It can sometimes feel like more relationships are destined to fail than succeed. But according to experts, that's not necessarily true. Every single relationship can last if it has a few key characteristics. "Long-lasting healthy relationships are centered on equality, appreciation and love," psychologist Kelsey M. Latimer, PhD, CEDS-S, founder of Hello Goodlife, tells Bustle. It sounds simple enough. But the truth is, it does take quite a bit of effort to maintain all three components long-term. According to Latimer, couples need to constantly work on expressing the love and appreciation they have for each other. You can't ever just assume your partner knows how you feel about them just because you've been together for a long time. It's why, studies have found that gratitude is one of the secrets to a happy marriage. People who feel appreciated in their relationship tend to be more committed to making things work long-term. It's also important to note that a solid long-lasting relationship is never perfect. According to Latimer, you're allowed to disagree, have healthy arguments, and not like each other's behavior all the time. "That’s part of the normal ebb and flow of a relationship and can ultimately make the relationship stronger in the long run," she says. It's what you do during those imperfect moments that really matter. No relationship is perfect. But according to experts, every single relationship can last if it has the following characteristics. 1. Positivity "People in successful relationships have a ratio of 5:1 positive to negative thoughts about their partner," Luke Carrangis, clinical psychologist and founder of Mindview Psychology, tells Bustle. If this ratio is tipped towards the negative, you're more likely to view all of your partner's actions through a negative lens. For instance, you may become suspicious over their random acts of thoughtfulness or find mistakes in the little things they do. But when you see your partner through a positive light, you become more grateful and appreciative of them. It's why Carrangis says, "This positive mindset is crucial for long-lasting relationships." 2. Kindness During Times Of Conflict You may not always agree with your partner. But staying kind during fights is what separates the couples that last from the ones that don't. When they work through conflict together, Carrangis says they stay gentle. "They tell their partner how they feel, and avoid criticism and blame," he says. "Couples who handle conflict with an open-mind, mutual respect, and even a sense of humor are more likely to prevent relationship meltdown and live happily ever after." 3. Independent Interests There's nothing wrong with wanting to spend a lot of time with your partner. But it's also important to do your own thing and live a life that doesn't solely revolve around your partner or relationship. "Having your own separate interests will keep you in your own lane and have you filling up your own cup," Claire Byrne, heartbreak coach and poadcast host, tells Bustle. "Remember that the only person who can truly fulfill your needs is yourself." It will also keep your relationship dynamic healthy and more balanced. 4. Emotional Safety When there's emotional safety in your relationship, there's no judgment. You can be vulnerable with your partner, Byrne says. Your partner provides you with a safe space to unload and you do the same for them. You can comfortably express your needs, secrets, and any issues you're having because you know your partner will listen. They may not always agree with what you have to say, but they're always willing to listen and work things out with you. 5. A Compatible Sense Of Humor "If your partner doesn't think you're funny or doesn't make you laugh, you could probably last, but how fun would that be?" Byrne says. "Fun is a great way to make a relationship last." It's true. As studies have found, laughter can benefit your relationship. A 2016 study published in the journal Personal Relationships also found that couples who create laughter together are typically more satisfied in their relationships overall. 6. Acceptance When you accept your partner for who they are, your relationship is more likely to be harmonious long-term. "People generally feel empowered to become the best version of themselves when they feel accepted and supported," Myles Scott, dating and transformation coach, tells Bustle. "If you don't accept them but continue to stay in the relationship, you will naturally try to control them to fit into a box that you deem acceptable." It's important to remember that the only person you have control over is yourself. Attempting to change your partner in any way will only lead to frustration. 7. Friendship Relationships aren't always easy. But if you have a strong foundation of friendship, it can help you overcome any challenges that come your way. As Jordan Madison, LGMFT, therapist with Friends in Transition Counseling Services, LLC, tells Bustle, there are going to be days when you won't be feeling very affectionate towards your partner. That's where your foundation of friendship comes in handy. "Even if you don’t feel like being the best romantic partner right now, you always have the friendship between you two to fall back on," she says. No matter what, you're always going to have care and respect for each other. 8. Forgiveness "Many couples say the secret to lasting so long, has been forgiveness," Madison says. "Being able to forgive your partner is a necessity if you want the relationship to make it." The reality is, no one is perfect. Both you and your partner are going to make your share of mistakes, which is OK. Mistakes help us grow. So it's important to learn how to forgive within reason. If your partner continues to disrespect you or your boundaries, you may want to re-evaluate your situation. But if your partner is sincerely apologetic, there's no reason to hold on to their mistakes. 9. Romance You can love, trust, and have a close relationship with many different people in your life. But as Madison says, "Romance is the main thing that sets your relationship with your partner apart from anyone else." It's not easy to keep the spark alive. It's something that needs to be worked on if you don't want to fall into a rut. When there's romance in your relationship, you'll always feel desired, cared for and prioritized. It can also help to keep your relationship passionate and intimate. Maintaining a long-term relationship isn't always going to be easy and not every couple is going to make it. But if your relationship has these traits, there's a really good chance that it will last.	https://www.bustle.com/p/experts-say-every-single-relationship-can-last-if-it-has-these-9-characteristics-17001836
By Wendy Kovacs, LMFT – HCC Senior Clinician It is amazing how often people ask where their sense of being a couple went after starting a family! The couple often gets so wrapped up in the stresses of daily life that they lose who they were before children. Research indicates that in strong families, the partner relationship between the parents is the foundation for the entire family. The couple is there before, during, and after children, and it holds the family together. Remembering to value and take time to care for your partnership is especially difficult during parenting years, and its maintenance takes the effort of both partners. There is no doubt that having children changes the couple, and their relationship, but it does not have to overpower the sense of partnership that exists within a couple. Research has uncovered six characteristics in healthy couples with strong relationships. Not all characteristics were found in every couple, but most characteristics were present more often than they were not. All couples have strengths as well as areas for improvement. Reflecting on this list can help you to assess your own couple, and help you and your partner channel your efforts effectively to strengthen not only your partnership, but your whole family! First, strong couples have commitment to each other. They have many common goals and morals, and yet support each other’s individual goals as well. These couples tend to have some common interests that they share, but are also willing to engage in activities that are primarily interests of the other partner. These couples also tend to celebrate more together, including small successes and accomplishments. Second, strong couples express appreciation to each other. They find ways to show each other that they are valued and important to each other. They regularly say thanks to each other, give compliments, and take notice of small gestures from their partners. This is hardest when frustrations and resentments arise, but strong couples find ways to let resentments go and try not to take their frustrations out on each other. How to do this varies with each person, but could include journaling, exercising, or venting to friends. Strong couples also find ways to forgive each other, and apologize without feeling forced. Third, strong couples find ways to spend time together. We all know that finding family time is difficult, so couple time can be nearly impossible! But time together does not need to be an elaborate date night in order to strengthen a couple. Taking a few minutes each day to talk to each other so that each partner can share some concerns and joys from the day helps to unite and strengthen a couple. During talks, strong couples try to understand what events mean to each other, and explore the feelings behind the experiences without trying to solve or downplay them. The time strong couples spend together also includes finding ways to show affection and express love to each other. This helps to override the resentments that inevitably build within couples. Fourth, strong couples communicate. These couples listen without giving advice (unless advice is asked for) and empathize with their partners. Instead of telling each other what to do, they say “that must be hard on you,” or “I’m sorry you had to deal with that.” They also don’t assume that their partner can read their mind, so they say their needs out loud, and ask for help. Fifth, strong couples deal effectively with conflict. All families experience conflict, but strong couples attack the problem, not each other. Strong couples recognize that different people deal with frustration differently, and they respect those differences. They also look for the feelings underneath the anger, since anger is a cover-up emotion. These couples find ways to make requests of each other instead of accusing the other person. For example, instead of saying, “You never help me!”, they might say, “Could you please help me with this?” These couples use self-regulation techniques (taking deep breaths, stepping away from an intense, emotionally-charged disagreement) to keep conflict from escalating beyond where they can logically solve problems. Finally, strong couples do not waste time on who did what and why, since this is rarely helpful. Instead, they focus on ways that they can help each other. Children benefit from seeing their parents work through conflict as long as the conflict is well managed, and they see that there are only winners, no losers. Children also need to see that compromise and negotiation are necessary in life. Finally, strong couples have rhythm. These couples have routines, rituals, and traditions that give direction, meaning, and structure to the daily flow of life. In other words, they have shared principles that they live by. Rhythms give stability and clarify family roles and expectations. And yet, strong couples are able to adapt when their families needs change. It is important to note that strong couples do not always find a resolution to disagreements. Research has found that happy, successful couples have approximately ten areas of “incompatibility” that they will never resolve. Instead of trying to resolve these, successful couples learn how to manage the disagreements and live life “around” them. They find ways to be themselves, and to be a couple. This greater sense of purpose allows these couples to work through daily stresses and create a cohesive family where each member is valued and respected. Seeking couples therapy is actually the sign of a healthy relationship because it shows that you want to work on the relationship. If you need additional help, or want to talk out your concerns, House Calls Counseling is available to you.	http://www.housecallscounseling.com/keeping-the-couple-strong-within-a-family/
Bickering over whose turn it is to pay. A fight over a change in plans for the weekend. A disagreement over household chores and responsibilities. An argument over not listening or remembering something that was said in a previous conversation. These may seem like relationship red flags, but the truth of the matter is: All couples fight every now and then. Conflict doesn’t have to always lead to a breakup. Fights or disagreements can lead to better solutions and a stronger connection and bond. If you find yourself fighting all the time with little to no solution, then it may be a relationship red flag. Here’s how to tell when the conflict in your relationship is healthy (and when it’s not). Relationship Green Flags Healthy relationships look different in every single situation. Happiness in a relationship isn’t something where one size fits all. Each couple and individual in a relationship has their own specific wants, needs, values, goals, hobbies, and more. You may look back on something you dated years ago and wonder what you saw in them or why you dated them in the first place. A relationship that happened ten years ago is probably very different from one that you have or are looking for now. That’s because you’ve grown and changed, and so have your desires and what you’re looking for. The signs of a healthy relationship usually include open communication, trust, independence, curiosity, playfulness, physical and emotional intimacy, teamwork, and conflict resolution. Relationship Red Flags Although healthy relationships can look different depending on the couple, there are certain relationship red flags that can be big indicators of unhealthy conflict in a relationship. No Respect for Boundaries Boundaries are crucial in any type of relationship. If you have a set boundary and you made that boundary clear to your partner, they should be respectful of that. If you start to notice pushback or pressure on a specific boundary you have set, it’s a big indicator that there isn’t mutual respect in place. Emotionally and/or Physically Distant Relationships form and grow through constant communication and connection. If you start to notice more distance in your relationship, physically and/or emotionally, this is usually a good sign that your relationship may be struggling. You should want to be with one another. You shouldn’t be trying to avoid each other or find excuses to not be with one another. Disagreements Stay Disagreements Even in a healthy relationship, conflict can still happen, but conflict resolution is usually what makes a relationship healthy. In an unhealthy relationship, conflict usually stays as a conflict. It’s typically not a good sign if you’re constantly talking about the same issues over and over again with little to no resolution. An open and healthy relationship means that you’re able to openly and effectively communicate with one another. This means having the ability to equally speak and listen to one another. If you notice that you’re not able to get a word in, or if your partner isn’t actually listening or remembering the things that you said, this can be a sign of a relationship that’s struggling. What You Can Do All relationships, even healthy ones, need a little extra TLC every now and then. Here are some things you can do to help work on your relationship: - Embrace your differences - Consider their side - Work through problems together - Communicate effectively—both speaking and listening - Try new things - Discuss your wants, needs, goals, and dreams - Try couples therapy If some of these relationship red flags seem to be waving a little too close to home, it may be time to reach out to an unbiased third party, like a therapist, for support. Couples therapy can help. Please feel free to schedule a free consultation or book an appointment today.	https://www.jwoodfincounseling.com/blog/how-to-tell-when-conflict-in-your-relationship-is-healthy-and-when-its-not/
Whether you are new to dating or married to your significant other, it is important to maintain a healthy relationship with the one who are with in order to grow and be happy. In a relationship, both parties must decide to do their very best to ensure that the relationship maintains a high level of mutual respect, compassion and care. By following the six tips below, you and your partner will be in a better position to enjoy your relationship. Love Yourself If you don’t love yourself, you could never truly love someone else without being in a codependent relationship. Practice self-love by considering your needs. Examine your self-esteem by reevaluating your values and how you practice them in your daily life. Think about if you are where you want to be in life, and if you have plans to achieve your goals. Are you confident? Do you believe in yourself? If you have trouble doing this on your own, consider visiting a mental health professional or a trusted friend or counsel to help you assess your thoughts and current state of self-worth. Don’t Just Talk – Communicate Many couples talk, but a lot of them do not communicate. It is not enough to only talk about your favorite TV shows and how your day went. It is essential that couples communicate about how they are feeling in and out of the relationship. For example, couples should review deep questions that they be afraid to ask. Do they feel secure? Is there anything that they are lacking? What makes them jealous? Are things spicy and fun or a bit stale? It is also imperative that they create a safe space where both can share how they feel without judgment and consequences. Once you create this space with your partner, it will allow both of you to openly share with each other. By doing so, your relationship will develop a deeper level of trust. Compromise It’s not your way or the highway. While there may be one person in the relationship who is more dominant than the other, both parties should occasionally stand down and allow the other person to be in charge. Compromise is an essential key to happiness. Agreeing to disagree or deciding to meet in the middle can save a relationship from heartache, pain and unnecessary fighting. Be Open about Sex Sex is a critical part of a relationship. Whether you are having it, waiting to have it or want more of it, you should always communicate with your partner about your feelings about sex. It is always important to be on the same page regarding your sex life and intimacy. Are you both of safe? What does sexual safety mean to your partner? If you have trouble discussing sexual topics, feel free to contact a medical professional or therapist to help guide you through these conversations. Respect and Forgive A relationship without respect and forgiveness is one that will not last. Every relationship has its ups and downs, and it is crucial that both individuals in the relationship recognize the importance of respecting one another. Every couple should discuss what respect looks like, such as: monogamy, maintaining a certain tone during disagreements, etc. If respect is violated within the relationship, both parties should examine what led to the breakdown. For the relationship to survive, both parties must agree to forgive and alter their current habits for the betterment of the partnership. Spice Things up in your Relationship Even the best of relationships is suspect to boredom and getting stale. With so many responsibilities and lack of time, it is easy for couples to drift apart from one another. This is why most relationship experts and marriage counsellors recommend spicing things up a bit. Don’t make the mistake of thinking this is only in terms of sexual intimacy. On the other hand, this can mean to include a range of things. Like walking into a bar and approaching your partner like you would approach a stranger. Role playing and gamer dating are emerging as the top ways couples are opting for when it comes to building their relationships. While every relationship varies according to the individuals who are involved, healthy practices are essential for the longevity of any relationship. When a couple decides that they would like to stay together, it is always advised for them to maintain a sense of honesty, openness and respect both physically and emotionally. Author Bio: Paige Jirsa– I work with https://stdtestingfacilities.com/, which provides users same day STD testing in a discrete and proficient manner.	https://www.sdgyoungleaders.org/personal-growth/tips-for-a-healthy-relationship/
I often reflect on how the skills we need to navigate our lives through adulthood were not taught to us in school. Most of us did not get taught how to identify and express feelings. We didn't take classes in how to nurture healthy relationships and how to sustain these throughout one's lifetime. While a great deal of effort may be given to one's career, an equal amount of effort might be missing when it comes to the relationships that we consider most important. When the issues that bring people into treatment seem to center on their primary relationship, then couples counseling may be warranted as the preferred treatment modality. Unlike individual therapy where we delve into a patient's psyche to understand how one's unconscious processes inform current behaviors, in couples counseling the couple is the patient and the focus of our work shifts to attending to how the partners communicate, manage conflict, and show empathy for each other. Often my role is to teach specific skills along these lines. I might help them learn active listening and empathy skills. Perhaps I may teach effective ways to deescalate fights and constructively handle arguments. I may encourage partners to talk to each other and not simply to me so they can practice communication, thus bringing their relational issues directly into the room so that I can observe and intervene as needed. As the therapist, I am in the unique position of watching how they interact and I can pay attention to the moment to moment shifts in their conversation to see where they might get stuck or how conflict escalates. As a psychodynamic therapist, I also place importance on understanding each person's individual history and how these intersect in their relationship. It is not arbitrary when two people find each other and embark on a journey to form and maintain a relationship. Each person brings to the table their individual relational dynamics that they learned as far back as childhood. Often people reenact in their current relationship patterns that they experienced in their parents' relationship or in their own relationships to their parents. These relational patterns continue to get repeated and played out in their subsequent relationships throughout life. When we can identify these relational patterns and how they are reenacted, then we can set about to shift these in healthier directions. When we come to understand how each individual is triggered by their partner and how that may be connected to experiences they had in childhood and adolescence, it helps each person develop a deeper understanding of their partner, an awareness of how their own behavior is impacting their partner, and the potential for greater emotional intimacy. Relational patterns tend to get passed from generation to generation until someone takes the initiative to work through these in the context of psychotherapy. One can imagine how complicated this can be when each member of a couple is bringing to the relationship specific patterns that can be traced back to their own early relationships and those of the generations that came before. So a husband's behavior may trigger his wife in ways that are similar to how one of her parents triggered her or similar to how her parents and grandparents related to each other, and the same can be true for how the husband experiences his wife's behaviors. Usually these patterns aren't easily identifiable at the start of couples counseling, but over time, with the help of a trained therapist, they can be elucidated and worked on. The hope is that by working together in this way, each partner can come to experience a more rewarding and intimate coupling into the future.	http://www.leewichman.com/blog/tag/relationship+skills
Is Distance or Conflict Threatening Your Relationship? Do you feel unhappy, unsafe with or disconnected from your partner? Do you long for a return to the emotional, physical and/or spiritual intimacy and closeness that you once shared? Are you worried that your relationship won’t last if you can’t find a way to communicate effectively and together heal from past, ongoing or current hurts? You may feel like you are stuck in a pattern of negative interactions that you can’t escape no matter how hard your try. It may be that you have to walk on eggshells around your partner to avoid starting another argument or a tense standoff. Or, maybe you have tried to connect with your spouse or partner, but always end up feeling like you aren’t a priority or your opinions don’t matter. Has conflict or distance in your relationship left you feeling sad and discouraged? You and your partner may be committed to closing the gap that has formed in your relationship, but can’t find the right way to connect and communicate. It can be hard knowing how to repair your relationship, especially if a breach in trust or other rupture has kept you from communicating and resolving issues. Perhaps you pursue your partner in an effort to recover from an argument so you won’t “go to bed angry.” But, he or she may need more time to process the argument, and your persistence—while well meaning— leaves your partner feeling misunderstood or even disrespected. Alternately, you may try to minimize or avoid conflicts, but your partner feels like you are being dismissive or aren’t taking his or her concerns seriously. Fostering a healthy relationship is a two-way street, and it can be hard knowing how to heal your relationship when your past efforts have led to arguments and left you feeling more distant. Do you wish you could create a sense of safety and closeness in your relationship and learn to communicate and connect more openly and honestly with your partner? Relationship Challenges are Normal and Natural There is an inherent longing for connection that is hardwired into all of us. We can handle almost any challenge when we feel connected and supported in a deep, meaningful way. It can be a sad, lonely and bewildering experience, therefore, when we don’t feel connected to our partner. But, struggles are a natural part of being in a relationship. You and your partner are two different people with your own experiences, goals and needs, and one or both of you may never have learned how to be in a healthy relationship. Many of us struggle to be vulnerable and honest with ourselves, let alone our partners. It’s no wonder so many of us feel overwhelmed by worry, doubt and insecurity in our relationships. It isn’t always clear what is causing relationship conflict or how you can communicate in an authentic, respectful way that honors yourself and your partner. You may be reeling after a breach in trust, such as an infidelity. Or, perhaps one or both of you is spending so much time and energy at work or taking care of a difficult child or illness that you no longer feel like your relationship is a priority. And, to make matters worse, you may constantly worry that you are headed toward a separation or divorce if you can’t find a way to heal and grow closer. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to address and resolve the pattern of distance or conflict that has you feeling confused, upset and disconnected. Emotion Focused Couples Therapy (EFT for couples) with a skilled and compassionate couples therapist can help you learn how to communicate deeply, honestly and kindly. You can connect with you partner again in ways that foster a stronger, more secure connection. Foster a Secure, Healthy Relationship with Couples Counseling The goal of relationship counseling is to help you and your partner gain the self-confidence, awareness and communication skills you both need to heal and grow as a couple. I provide a safe space where you can explore sources of relationship conflict and learn to listen to each other with empathy and understanding. You can recognize how emotions color the way you each think, feel and behave in different situations and learn to respond to your partner’s spoken and unspoken needs. When you and your partner come together to address the root cause of the disconnection in your relationship rather than just focus on surface-level issues, you can find healing and achieve meaningful and lasting change. Using Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples, I will help you address the source of relationship conflict as well as learn to respond to thoughts, feelings and behaviors that may be keeping you stuck in negative relationship patterns. EFT is an extensively researched, empirically validated therapy approach that has been shown to help couples achieve immediate and lasting results by focusing on how individual and shared experiences impact emotions. Studies have found 9 out of 10 couples that participate in Emotionally Focused Therapy notice significant improvements in their relationship. Additionally, 75 percent of couples that were in a state of distress were able to move toward resolving ongoing conflicts and regaining harmony in their relationships. The EFT approach can help both you and your partner understand, accept and share your feelings, attachment issues, vulnerabilities and needs. I can help you not only recognize how you feel from moment to moment, but to also understand why you are experiencing an emotion and how it is impacting your thoughts and behaviors. Instead of feeling embarrassed or self-conscious about how you feel, you can learn to articulate yourself confidently and communicate in a way that your partner can understand and that won’t leave him or her feeling blamed or attacked. You can come together to resolve relationship issues and work through disagreements instead of letting conflict or distance build or fester between you. I have been helping couples find healing and growth throughout my 25 year counseling career. As a couples therapist with advanced and ongoing training in Emotionally Focused Therapy, I offer a variety of proven tools, techniques and strategies shown to help partners foster greater emotional intimacy. You, too, can feel happy, secure and confident in your relationship. You may have questions or concerns about working with a couples counselor… My partner doesn’t think this will work. Many couples feel hopeless and a little fearful that relationship therapy won’t work. Others worry that counseling will bring up painful issues and actually make things worse. One thing is certain, however: waiting to find help will only make things worse. I use a scientifically validated approach that has been shown to help 90 percent of couples achieve significant improvement, and I have seen that healing is possible. Isn’t couples counseling expensive? When a relationship isn’t working, it can feel like everything is falling apart. Your performance may suffer at work, or perhaps you spend money on food or entertainment to avoid thinking about the relationship. Your relationship health can impact all aspects of your life, and your happiness is worth the investment. I’m worried I’ll be blamed. I create a safe, compassionate space where no one will be blamed or judged. Rather, I can help you and your partner work together to understand the relationship patterns that you’ve co-created. You can learn how ineffective patterns are creating conflict or distance, understand why the other may become protective or defensive or shut down and develop ways to respond to one another with empathy instead of judgment or blame. You Can Feel Secure in Your Relationship If you are ready to foster a deeper, more meaningful relationship with your partner, or if you still have questions about couples counseling in Seattle, WA, I invite you to email [email protected] or call (206) 715-0831 to schedule a free 30-minute consultation.	https://catherinefollett.com/couples-counseling/
8 Signs Your Fights With Your Partner May Actually Mean You're Incompatible Couples fight. There's no two ways around it. And any relationship expert will tell you that it isn't just normal, but fighting is actually healthy in relationships. Walking around with pent up anger that isn't expressed leads to resentment and resentment in a relationship is never a good thing. It's toxic, unhealthy, and damaging to the relationship, as well as the individuals in the relationship. "Even mutually happy couples slip up and say and do things they regret," Dr. LeslieBeth Wish, licensed clinical psychotherapist, relationship expert, and author of the new book Training Your Love Intuition, tells Bustle. "But what distinguishes their missteps from unhappy and unhealthy couples is that these couples' mistakes are not as mean or unkind. Their slip ups are also far less frequent, and lower in the intensity of the anger. Their fights flame out, and usually move toward a mutual solution." But when it comes to fights between people who aren't compatible, resolutions are rarely part of the equation, and the word choice and lack of respect reaches a whole other level. "Incompatible couples often consist of one person who cannot manage anger or disagreements," Dr. Wish says. "This person tends to experience issues in the relationship as a loss of control and disrespect from their partner. This person also has a deep fear of being wrong —and an inability to recognize that they are out of control verbally or physically." If you can't fight fair or give other the necessary respect to even want to fight fair, it's time to look at your compatibility. Or, in this case, your incompatibility. Here's how experts define a fight that shows you're incompatible. 1. One Of You Makes The Other Partner Feel Guilty "The turnaround is a technique used by your partner to make you feel guilty (and bad) for [their] offense," bestselling author and relationship expert, Susan Winter, tells Bustle. Winter lays out a scenario in which a couple has plans to make dinner at home, but one of them shows up four hours late, after having not responded to texts. "When you ask where they’ve been and why they didn’t respond to your call and texts, they make you the bad guy," Winter says. "They attack your line of questioning and feign supreme insult. Their error is your fault for noticing. How dare you call them out on their bad behavior?" In other words, if there's any form of gaslighting going on during your fights, it speaks volumes as to whether or not this is a relationship you'll want to stay in. 2. Someone Is Always Saying Sorry When It's Not Their Fault Gaslighting someone by making them feel like they're to blame, usually ends in an apology — but the apology is being said by the wrong person. As Winter explains, when blame is shifted and guilt is misdirected by a partner who has manipulated the argument, the person who should be apologizing isn't saying they're sorry. Instead, they're insisting on the other partner to apologize instead. 3. Compromising Is Out Of The Question "Your non-negotiables oppose each other, and you feel compromising anymore would invalidate who you are," Anita A. Chlipala, LMFT, and author of First Comes Us: The Busy Couple's Guide to Lasting Love, tells Bustle. "Some issues might be more clear cut: one partner wants marriage and the other doesn’t, one wants to have a child and the other doesn’t." As Chlipala says, a lot of issues and problems in a relationship have degrees of differences. But what it comes down to is how those differences are handled. If one, or both of you doesn't want to compromise, then there's no room to move forward — especially on the bigger issues. "Each partner has to look at what their non-negotiable is on an issue, areas where they’re flexible, and whether their partner is willing to honor the non-negotiable," Chilpala says. "This will help to determine whether the issue truly is a dealbreaker that could end their relationship." 4. Someone Plays The Victim Card Oh, the victim card. Nothing says incompatibility quite like an argument where one partner plays the victim to a T. "One partner insists upon being the victim at all costs," Winter says. "This position is maintained regardless of the truth surrounding the matter. All that’s wrong in the relationship is your fault. They’re the loving, patient, and put-upon partners." That's simply not how relationships work. There should be an equality even when arguing. "The victim role is often activated by the turnaround," Winter says. "However, it’s sustained by your partner’s skewed perspective." 5. Someone Is Always Begging For Forgiveness Some people deserve to be forgiven, while others do not. And those who keep coming back, begging forgiveness for their behavior, time and time again, likely don't deserve it. "Your partner might not be a good fit for you if they [...] cry, beg for forgiveness, and make promises to change," Dr. Wish says, "but never take steps to accomplish it." There's only so many times a couple can go down the same road without the necessary changes needed. 6. The Fights Are Riddled With Lies It goes without saying that two people's versions of one event can be completely different. However, when one partner out-right lies during fights, for whatever reason — to play the victim, to get the upper hand — it screams incompatibility. "Your partner re-tells the facts of an issue in a way that’s totally false," Winter says. "They make up details and change events and what was said to suit their needs. They tell these embellished stories to the point that they believe them as truth [...] They insist they’re right. Therefore, there’s no way for you to win. There’s no way for the truth to be told." 7. The Fights Are Violent One partner doesn't necessarily need to be physically abusive to the other during a fight to prove them incompatible, but according to Dr. Wish, even throwing and breaking things is a sign that compatibility is an issue. "Unfortunately, love and hope can blind all of us to a partner's serious limitations," Dr. Wish says. Someone throwing a vase across the room during an argument is a sign that they likely have violent tendencies, and it may be time to recruit the help of a professional or loved one in exiting the relationship. 8. There's No Attempt At Resolution According to Dr. Wish, walking away from a disagreement is a sign that you and your partner are likely incompatible. It doesn't matter who does the walking away. If either one of you does, it shows the other partner that there's little to no interest in resolving the problem. Things need to be resolved before people can move forward. "One major difference between healthy and unhealthy relationships is the ability for partners to work through their issues," Winter says. "Couples that lack the skills required to come to conflict resolution don’t have a chance at sustaining a healthy and happy relationship." But a healthy couple will learn to work through disagreements. "Managing disagreements and mistakes is a hallmark of compatible couples," Dr. Wish says. "They are quicker to apologize — and more willing able to examine what tripped off their hot-headed responses." No relationship is without its own brand of conflict and disagreements, but there are levels to those disagreements and when resolution is no longer an interest for either partner, it's time to say enough is enough. It doesn't matter how much you love someone, without compatibility, you don't have the whole package, and the whole package is necessary in the long run. Editor's Note: If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic abuse, call 911 or the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1(800) 799-SAFE (7233) or visit thehotline.org.	https://www.bustle.com/p/8-signs-your-fights-with-your-partner-may-actually-mean-youre-incompatible-15894476
Job Summary: Under general supervision, the SSRS Report Writer is responsible for development (designing, developing, coding, testing, and debugging) of assigned SSRS reports in accordance with business requirements in support of the Electronic Health Record (EHR). The SQL Report Writer role will review documented report specifications, clarify requirement ambiguity, develop report output, and test the reports to confirm data accuracy. May also participate in QA or UAT testing as requested. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: \|Demonstrates Competency in the Following Areas:\| \|Create and modify reports and report templates using SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS).\| \|Develop, implement, troubleshoot, and maintain complex T-SQL queries and stored procedures.\| \|Participate in business analysis activities to gather required reporting and dashboard requirements.\| \|Translate business requirements into specifications that will be used to implement the required report and dashboards, created from potentially multiple data sources.\| \|Research required data and data relationships.\| \|Follow complex procedures and explain technical solutions to a wide range of users.\| \|Provide support as required to ensure the availability and performance of developed reports and dashboards. Troubleshoot issues reported by users to correct report defects / anomalies.\| \|Professional Requirements:\| \|Comply with all established organizational rules, policies, and procedures.\| \|Excellent oral and written communication skills.\| \|Strong interpersonal skills with the ability to establish and maintain cooperative and effective working relationships.\| \|Ability to accept an assignment and see it through to completion with minimal supervision and high degree of accuracy.\| \|Perform duties efficiently and responsibly, completing tasks in a timely manner and meeting assigned deadlines.\| \|Maintain a positive outlook and work constructively under pressure. Respond resourcefully when challenges arise.\| \|Complete all required and assigned training.\| \|Demonstrates a commitment to the following Organizational Priorities with regard to all persons:\| \|A commitment to non-violence: Helping to build safety skills and a commitment to higher purpose.\| \|A commitment to emotional intelligence: Helping to teach emotional management skills.\| \|A commitment to social learning: Helping to build cognitive skills\| \|A commitment to open communication: Helping to overcome barriers to healthy communication, learn conflict management, reduce acting out, enhance self-protective and self-correcting skills, teach health boundaries\| \|A commitment to democracy: Helping to create civic skills of self-control, self-discipline and administration of healthy authority.\| \|Commitments to social responsibility: Helping to rebuild social connection skills, establish health attachment relationships; establish sense of fair play and justice.\| \|A commitment to growth and change: Helping to work through loss and prepare for the future.\| ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITES: Other duties may be assigned. SUPERVISORY RESPONSIBILITIES: None QUALIFICATIONS: To perform this job successfully, an individual must be able to perform each essential duty satisfactorily. The requirements listed are representative of the knowledge, skill, and/or ability required. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions. Education: Bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology or other technical or related field or equivalent knowledge and experience. Microsoft SQL certification is a plus. Certificates, Licenses, Registrations: Maintain a driving record acceptable by the agency and a current driver’s license for state of residence, when authorized to use own vehicle for agency business, employee must maintain personal insurance. Experience: Minimum of 2 years experience developing and implementing reports using SSRS, using T-SQL to develop and maintain SSRS reports and working with users in a requirements analysis role. Job Knowledge: Team player with excellent communication skills and have the ability to manage assignments independently. Operates and makes decisions within established guidelines, organizational policy and procedure, federal, state, and local laws, rules and regulations. Job involves a moderate degree of complexity in that employee deals with highly sensitive and confidential information. Physical Demands: For physical demands of position, including vision, hearing, repetitive motion and environment, please contact the HR department. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions of the position without compromising client care. Application Details: Consideration of candidates will begin as soon as 8/3, and position may close after that date without notice. If you need accommodation to review the information and/or complete the application process, please contact the Human Resources Department. Trillium Family Services is a drug free workplace. All final applicants will be subject to a criminal record identification check pursuant to ORS 181.536.727.537 and agency policy. We are an Equal Opportunity Employer and Service Provider and support a culturally linguistically diverse governance, leadership and workforce.	https://trilliumfamily.org/employment/sql-report-writer/
The Sustainable Minerals Institute is a world-leading research institute dedicated to finding knowledge-based solutions to the sustainability challenges of the global minerals industry. Our purpose is to develop game changing graduates by working with our partners to co-create solutions to the big challenges facing the sector and to create change for responsible resource development. SMI has a unique inter-disciplinary approach encompassing the expertise of scientists, engineers, anthropologists, sociologists, economists, and natural resource specialists with in-depth knowledge, at corporate and operational levels, built from years of practical experience and engagement. Our expertise is genuinely independent and objective. Our work covers all facets of the life of mine from geology, to minerals extraction, water management issues, minerals processing, workplace health and safety, mine rehabilitation and closure, community engagement and social responsibility. Website www.smi.uq.edu.au/ Key science sectors - Advanced manufacturing - Biotechnology - Engineering - Energy - Environment & nature - Food & agriculture - Health & medical - Life sciences - ICT & multimedia - Mining/resources - Social sciences Strengths and capabilities - Ecological Engineering of Soil-Plant Systems - Ecosystem Assessment, Resoration and Resilience - Regional Water and Land Resources - Life Cycles of Mines and Metals - Social Responsibility - Human Factors in the Resources Sector - The Digital Mine - Complex Orebodies, Mass Underground Mining - Mine to Mill - Separation, Ore Processability, Process Integration Facilities and major equipment - Automated column leaching apparatus - Herbarium with online digital access - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) - Controlled plant growth environments, Rainfall simulator - Mineral Flotation - Mineral Sample analysis - Mineral sample preparation/cutting/crushing/grinding - Mineral sizing - Comminution - Mineral liberation and Tomographic Analysis Number of research staff 20–100 research staff Address Level 4, Sir James Foots Building (#47A), The Univeristy of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Lead researchers - Professor David Mulligan—International reputation in environmental science, mine rehabilitation and closure.	https://www.des.qld.gov.au/science/capability-directory/?title=Sustainable+Minerals+Institute
- Чернігівський реабілітаційний центр "Відродження" The Chernihiv Regional Council’s Center for Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Children with Disabilities “Revival” was opened in 2006 on the basis of the non-governmental non-profit Health Institution Center “Revival”, which has been providing rehabilitation services to children in Chernihiv since 1996. Today, a complex with a joint rehabilitation base operates at the same time, the capacity of which allows to provide rehabilitation services to 275 children daily. In addition, such an integrated model of combining the efforts of both institutions - state and non-state provides an opportunity to optimize human resources, expand material opportunities to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation of children with disabilities and children at risk of disability. Chernihiv and out-of-town children with indications for rehabilitation are admitted to the Health Care Center of the Center for Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Children with Disabilities "Revival". Children with disabilities, children under 3 years of age (inclusive), who belong to the risk group for disability, living in Chernihiv and the region use the services of the municipal institution "Regional Center for Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Children with Disabilities" Revival "Chernihiv Regional Council, which belongs to the sphere of management of the Ministry of Social Policy and social protection bodies. The purpose of both institutions is to implement a set of rehabilitation measures aimed at prevention and correction of developmental disorders of a child with disabilities, a child at risk of disability, training in basic social and domestic skills, development of abilities, creating conditions for integration into society. Both institutions provide temporary stay in an outpatient or inpatient setting for children who have appropriate medical indications and need special conditions to receive a set of rehabilitation measures. Indications for treatment at the Center. Participants in the rehabilitation process are children with disabilities, children under 3 years (inclusive), their parents or legal representatives, rehabilitation teachers, speech therapists, assistants to rehabilitation teachers, educators, practical psychologists, social educators, music teachers, instructors in physical education, social workers, pediatricians, pediatric neurologists, pediatric psychiatrists, pediatric orthopedist, pediatric physiotherapist, physiotherapist, pediatric dentist, nurses, massage nurses, nurse medical nutritionist, junior medical staff and other professionals are involved in the process of providing rehabilitation services. Center structure: 1) administration; 2) department of early rehabilitation (habilitation) 3) department of social rehabilitation; 4) department of psychological rehabilitation; 5) department of pedagogical rehabilitation; 6) department of physical rehabilitation; 7) department of Occupational Therapy and Vocational Guidance; 8) medical rehabilitation department; 9) department of round-the-clock stay 10) social patronage service; 11) economic support department; 12) food block department. Children have the opportunity to receive services in the form of several modes depending on the wishes of parents and the peculiarities of the child's development. The Rehabilitation Center Revival provides services to 30 children simultaneously in the form of a 21-day rehabilitation course, with a day visit. Children from other cities have the opportunity to live around the clock with an accompanying person in specially equipped rooms in the center. Advantages of receiving services on the basis of the Chernihiv Center "Revival": 1. Children receive comprehensive rehabilitation with the use of various equipment, including high-tech, the use of modern techniques by highly qualified specialists. 2. Children can receive this help not from 3-4 years of age, but from the first days of life (early purposeful complex influence on the child's development). 3. Groups of children in the center are sometimes the only possible place for children with severe developmental disabilities. 4. Short-term child groups help integrated children to become more successful in mainstream institutions. 5. Children with incurable progressive diseases have the opportunity to receive palliative care services. 6. Parents, starting to receive qualified help from the center's specialists, make more informed decisions about the further educational or rehabilitation route of their child. 7. According to the concept of comprehensive rehabilitation, which is being developed on the basis of the center, the goal is not only to restore physical health, but also to establish the personal and social status of children. 8. The process of complex rehabilitation is based on the principle of organizational and technological combination of medical, psychological and socio-pedagogical rehabilitation programs. The specialists of the Center are regular participants and speakers at scientific and practical conferences, symposia, including international ones. Reports of specialists on methods of work are published in special editions; work experience is disseminated through the media. The center constantly cooperates with local authorities, state institutions of the city and region in the direction of expansion of rehabilitation services and their coverage of children with special needs. The mode of operation of the center The regional center has a five-day working week with two days off - Saturday and Sunday, in addition to the department of round-the-clock stay. The Rehabilitation Center "Revival" works from Monday till Saturday. The work of child care staff (directly rehabilitation services) begins at 8.00 am and ends at 6.00 pm. Work on Saturday is provided by the rotation of staff on shift schedules from 8.00 to 14.00. Lunch Break: from 12.30 to 13.00 - for medical and pedagogical workers; from 13.00 to 13.30 - for employees of the administration.	https://www.rcn.org.ua/en/about-us/about-the-center
Boone County Health Center Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program - Need: Evidenced-based intervention to improve function and quality of life for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic lower respiratory conditions. - Intervention: Pulmonary rehabilitation program implementation in 1989. - Results: Compared to a national average of only about 3% of referred Medicare beneficiaries actually enrolling in pulmonary rehabilitation, 60% of the program's referred patients enroll. Averaging around 15 patients/year completing the program, a large combined cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation maintenance population averages 8,000 visits/year. Description Cardiovascular and lower respiratory conditions are leading causes of death in rural America. For Nebraskans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a 2011 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention survey revealed that nearly 60% of the state's respondents with COPD reported having their activity limited by the condition and about 20% reported experiencing poor mental health for more than 2 weeks of each month. A long-standing known treatment beneficial for these condition-related issues is pulmonary rehabilitation, referred to as PR. Boone County Health Center (BCHC), Albion, Nebraska, has offered PR to the people in its service area with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory conditions for over 30 years. The program began in 1986 when a member of the hospital's nursing staff observed a tertiary care center's cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. Despite the center's concern that CR could not be delivered in a rural Critical Access Hospital (CAH), CR was started in 1987 eliminating patients' 270 mile round-trip travel burden. Immediate success of the CR program led to the addition of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in 1989. The hospital has about a 50-mile service radius and serves as a hub for 4 rural health clinics (RHCs) located about 25 miles in all directions from BCHC. Care is delivered by 8 physicians and 8 advanced practice providers. As suggested by a 2019 academic review on PR services in rural hospitals, the BCHC website lists PR program under its services. Providers order PR using order sets available in the clinic- and hospital-based electric health record (EHR). The program is located on the hospital campus in a dedicated 4,000 square foot rehabilitation center, built as a result of a private donation. The space also houses cardiac rehabilitation and physical and occupational therapy services. Medical directorship and supervising provider — the latter as the mandatory on-site provider for the program — roles are filled by the local primary care physicians. Services offered Program requirements: - Participants must meet GOLD criteria guidelines: moderate, severe, or very severe COPD as determined by spirometry performed either at BCHC the hospital or at the visiting pulmonologist office, who travels from another Nebraska community, a round trip distance of nearly 200 miles. PR program services follow current Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) statuary requirements and include these specific elements: - Individualized treatment plan - Goal setting - Education - Exercise component - Breathing techniques - Nutrition, psychosocial needs - Medication adherence - Oxygen use and needs - Balance training - Address other core components: diabetes, tobacco use, weight management, etc. Equipment: - Exercise equipment: Treadmills, stationary bicycle, recumbent stepper, ellipticals, Arc trainer recumbent bicycle, weight machines - Oxygen - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation equipment, including defibrillator Dedicated staff: - Exercise physiologist - Registered nurses - Community health coordinator - Receptionist Hospital-based staff available to PR patients as needed: - Dietician - Social worker - Pharmacist - Mental health staff - Respiratory therapist - Physicians serving and medical directors and direct supervisors Anticipated new prevention and education services: Education is integral to PR and the BCHC PR staff recognizes the value of prevention education in preventing worsening of any chronic lower respiratory conditions. Smoking cessation is included, but 25% of COPD patients have not smoked and experts point to other risk factors present in rural areas, such as dust, mold, and chemical exposure as contributing to worsening chronic lung conditions as well as causing them. Since a high percentage of the people in the BCHC service area have a generational involvement in agribusiness, the organization is developing an education program for proper respiratory personal protective equipment. Results Though the total number of area's eligible patients can't be assessed, the total number of identified patients can, as well as the number of patients that are referred and actually enroll: 95% of those identified are referred and 60% of patients referred actually enroll. - Note: These results can be compared to national data showing nearly 70% of primary care physicians were aware of PR availability, yet only about 40% routinely prescribed PR and that of Medicare beneficiaries referred to PR, only about 3% enroll. About 15 patients per year complete the PR program and average about 30% of the total new patient load of cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation. The program completion rate is high with graduates joining the large maintenance population that averages 8,000 visits/year. Challenges - Accommodating the busy schedules of farmers and ranchers in the hospital's service area population. - Early identification of patients with lung disease. - Acceptance that PR is: - More than exercise - the use of modern equipment and evidence-based program elements that have proven benefits in lung disease Replication - It's important to start new programs with the premise that pulmonary rehab is not a "faux" cardiac rehabilitation program. - Pulmonary patients are unique and have their own set of physical and behavioral health problems which requires individualization of the participant's program. - Focus on provider education using supporting data on the benefits of PR on quality of life and longevity. - Be prepared for increased time needs of the PR patient since they require breathing coaching and recovery rest periods. Contact InformationGayla Oakley RN, CCRP, MAACVPR, Director of Cardiology Services and Prevention Boone County Health Center 402.395.3149 [email protected] Topics Access Agricultural health and safety Cardiovascular disease Chronic disease management Chronic respiratory conditions Critical Access Hospitals Health disparities States served Nebraska Date added June 10, 2021 Date updated or reviewed June 8, 2022 Suggested citation: Rural Health Information Hub, 2022. Boone County Health Center Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program [online]. Rural Health Information Hub. Available at: https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/project-examples/1091 [Accessed 7 February 2023] Please contact the models and innovations contact directly for the most complete and current information about this program. Summaries of models and innovations are provided by RHIhub for your convenience. The programs described are not endorsed by RHIhub or by the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy. Each rural community should consider whether a particular project or approach is a good match for their community’s needs and capacity. While it is sometimes possible to adapt program components to match your resources, keep in mind that changes to the program design may impact results.	https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/project-examples/1091
Our interdisciplinary team has extensive experience evaluating and treating patients with disorders of consciousness from infancy through adolescence. Members of this team include: - Physicians: Pediatricians and pediatric rehabilitation medicine physicians oversee medical management and rehabilitation, including addressing conditions such as motor dysfunction, sleep dysregulation, and impaired arousal and awareness. Special attention is given to managing medications in an effort to reduce sedating medications, while considering medications to promote arousal, such as amantadine, methylphenidate, and Ambien. - Neuropsychologists: Neuropsychologists provide systematic evaluation of a patient’s arousal and responsiveness through the use of standardized clinical assessment techniques and individualized measurements. Neuropsychologists gather information that is used to evaluate the effectiveness of current medication and therapeutic interventions. - Behavioral Psychologists: Behavioral psychologists analyze data about a patient’s sleep to determine the need for medical or environmental recommendations to improve daytime arousal and nighttime sleep. Our behavioral psychologists also obtain information from family members and therapists regarding a patient’s likes and dislikes. These preferences are systematically evaluated and incorporated into daily therapy as motivators. - Rehabilitation Therapists: Physical and occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists with expertise in disorders of consciousness work intensively with patients to address goals related to swallowing, functional mobility, optimal positioning, functional communication, and responsiveness.	https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/brain-injury-responsiveness/our-team
Like other health professionals, physiotherapists are governed by strict standards and have different areas of expertise. You may need to visit a physiotherapist for a specific health condition or to recover from an injury. Selecting a poor physiotherapist may result in delayed treatment outcomes, an increase in treatment cost, and a potential feeling of frustration. Here is a list of 5 things that you should consider while selecting a physiotherapist: - 1. Qualification: It is vital to check that the physiotherapist is fully qualified, registered, and accredited. The physiotherapist is required to have a completed degree from an approved institution or university. It is essential to check the qualification of your physiotherapist before you begin your treatment. - 2. Specialization: Physiotherapy covers a wide area. It is thus crucial to visit a physiotherapist with relevant qualifications for the particular problem. Below mentioned are some of the areas of expertise for a physiotherapist: - Spine and head injuries - Cardiovascular - Sports injury - Mental health - Respiratory problems - Ergonomics - Post-surgery rehabilitation - Pregnancy - Geriatric It is important to choose the correct area of expertise before considering the treatment for a particular condition. - 3. Treatment methods: Depending on your specific health condition, you may require alternative treatment instead of traditional therapy. Traditionally, physiotherapists usually used massage, manipulation, electrotherapy, and movements; however, other more alternative techniques have been implemented, showing excellent results. Many physiotherapists offer alternative treatments options these might include: - Hydrotherapy - Reflexology - Cranio-sacral therapy - Acupuncture - Reiki - Bowen techniques - Neuro-structural integration - Shiatsu - 4. Availability: If the rest of the criteria for selecting a physiotherapist are met, but the physiotherapist is not available when you need an appointment, it may not be suitable for you. When you are in pain, waiting is the last thing that you need. In such a scenario, it is critical to get treatment immediately. Hence, always ask about the schedule, workload, and appointments. It is good to know if the physiotherapist will provide an emergency appointment if you need one. Small practices may offer impeccable treatment but may have appointment issues. On the other hand, larger practices can handle availability issues with ease. - 5. Accessibility: Accessibility is an important criterion that needs to be considered when long-term treatment or regular sessions are required. Driving or traveling long distances is not advisable when you have musculoskeletal problems, cardiovascular disorders, or recovering from surgery or injury. It would be best if you find a physiotherapist that is close to your work or home. Moreover, other factors you need to consider are ease of access via public transport, parking availability, wheelchair accessibility.	https://physiosynapse.com/five-things-you-need-to-consider-while-choosing-a-physiotherapist/
BMC’s Annual Fund 2019: Supporting BMC’s Center for Rehabilitation “It has completely changed the course of my life,” Berkshire Medical Center (BMC) patient Terry said when describing his experience working with the skilled clinicians and the advanced therapy equipment available at BMC’s Center for Rehabilitation. At the age of 19, Terry suffered a spinal cord injury in a serious automobile accident when he was serving in the U.S. Navy on his way to Vietnam. Now, decades later, he has been working diligently with Jessica Dellaghelfa and Thomas Berkery, both Doctors of Physical Therapy at BMC. Thanks to the help of the BMC team, Terry realized that he could strengthen his body and recover mobility in his legs for standing, walking, and cycling. Terry’s amazing transformation has been made possible through consistent rehabilitation work with a robotic exoskeleton, a revolutionary therapy tool that provides patients with machine-assisted support for standing, walking, and balancing. Terry says he feels “absolutely empowered” and now is feeling very hopeful for his future. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After Steve experienced a traumatic brain hemorrhage in early 2018, the couple left their home in the Berkshires and moved to Boston for over a year so that Steve, who experienced paralysis in half of his body, could receive intensive rehabilitation care. However, in early 2019, Steve and Sharon spoke with BMC’s Rehabilitation Department Manager, Kelly McCarthy, and learned of another option. As a result of the staff’s expertise and the advanced technology available at the BMC Center for Rehabilitation, Steve could return to the Berkshires and receive world-class rehabilitation and therapy care while he recovered in the comfort of his own home. “We are so enormously grateful to BMC,” said Sharon, as she watched her husband Steve working in the exoskeleton with his physical therapists during a recent session at Berkshire Medical Center. Check out this video of Steve, Sharon, and the exoskeleton in action, which aired on WGBY's Connecting Point on December 30. https://www.facebook.com/wgbytv/videos/1565449330269829/ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BMC’s outpatient rehabilitation program, which cares for more than 1,800 patients each month, has been steadily growing and adapting to meet patients’ needs. The purchase and implementation of new equipment, like the exoskeleton, helps patients take the next steps in their journeys towards healthier and more active lives. However, this costly equipment is in high-demand and access for patients is often limited. We are asking for your support of BMC’s Annual Fund Campaign, which will fund the purchase of a second exoskeleton, as well as other physical therapy equipment for BMC’s rehabilitation program. Your gift to this campaign will ensure that all patients can have increased access to the exceptional resources available at BMC’s Center for Rehabilitation. Because of your gift to the Annual Fund, more patients will be able to find the hope, excitement, and success that Terry and Steve have experienced here at BMC. Thank you for your generosity! You can also donate by check, payable to: Berkshire Medical Center Please mail all donations by check to: Development & Community Relations Office Berkshire Medical Center 725 North Street Pittsfield, MA 01201 Questions? Please contact the BMC Development & Community Relations Office at 413-447-2060. Berkshire Medical Center is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. All donations are tax-deductible to the extent allowed by law.	https://www.berkshirehealthsystems.org/BMCAnnualFund
Page ContentThe faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, through its departments, provides practical training and clinical for students through coordination with the Jordan University Hospital, a Bashir hospital, the Royal Medical Services, the phonetics Studies and Researches center at the University of Jordan, Hussein Society for the disability movement and other edifices medical in Jordan. The department of Physical Therapy is distinguished by the availability of specialized laboratories, which are equipped with the latest hardware that is relevant to the scientific research and teaching. Orthotics and prosthetics department has a workshop for the manufacture of artificial limbs and assistive medical devices, which was operated in its temporary headquarters in (2007) and transferred on 16/2/2011 to its permanent place at the Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences. The workshop of the Orthotics and prosthetics department is approximately training 80 students of the Orthotics and prosthetics department each year, where the workshop is equipped with devices as follows: saws, machines, trimming machines, Electric Drills, and furnaces heat, maintenance equipments and embroidery, and Vacuum air Equipments. The workshop also contains different manual equipments such as manual saws, manual drills, pneumatic chisel hummer, oscillation cast cutter, steam irons, and Woodworking equipment and various other devices. The workshop will be renewed and provided with the latest equipment and tools by grant that is provided by the Italian government to the College of Rehabilitation Sciences, in order to activate the role of the O&P clinic in community service. Regarding Community service, the Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences has been participating on events that serve the community through contributions of its faculty staff, graduates and students. Group of national institutions of the country to benefit from the advisory expertise of faculty members with speech and hearing therapy physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and prosthetics and orthotics. The College has implemented a number of surveys that targeted diagnosis and treatment of a group of disorders, disorderly speech and hearing. Students and graduates of the faculty had communicated with a group of nursing homes, and provided diagnostic and treatment services. Also, the faculty hosted in its building activities of local associations, such as the Association of multiple sclerosis. Graduates, students and faculty members participated in a wide range of lectures, awareness campaigns that specializes in rehabilitation. These lectures targeted the radio, television, Internet sites, and other institutions of civil press seek to strengthen its role in providing rehabilitation services to the community.	http://rehabilitation.ju.edu.jo/Pages/EducationResearch.aspx
- Affiliations: - Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Privolzhsky Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation - Issue: Vol 2, No 4 (2020) - Pages: 357-360 - Section: Book review - URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/34837 - DOI: https://doi.org/10.36425/rehab34837 - Cite item Abstract The article presents the experience of implementing a systematic approach to medical rehabilitation of patients after hip and knee arthroplasty using the example of the Federal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Arthroplasty in Cheboksary. The monograph of the authors — direct participants in the process — contains practical recommendations, author’s techniques, recommended complexes of physiotherapy after arthroplasty of large joints of the lower extremities. Full Text Introduction. With the development of high-tech medical care in Russia in the field of traumatology and orthopedics, joint replacement is the first priority, and most often patients turn to this type of surgical treatment for coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis with a pronounced violation of the functional (stato-dynamic) state of the joints, accompanied by pain. In Russia, a huge number of people suffer from osteoarthritis - the total incidence is 3646.3 per 100 thousand adults. According to an epidemiological study conducted in the Russian Federation, the frequency of osteoarthritis of the knee and / or hip joints among a population older than 18 is 13%. Over the past 20 years, the number of patients with osteoarthritis has more than doubled, due primarily to an increase in the life expectancy of the population and the number of overweight people. All this determines the high medical and social importance of the problem of osteoarthritis and dictates the need to provide high-quality medical care and supervision at all stages of treatment and rehabilitation of such patients.Since the experience of the wide spreading of this type of operations in our country has a little more than 10 years, not all Russian orthopedic traumatologists own these methods. Moreover, few of them have sufficient knowledge and experience of outpatient "management" of such patients after discharge from the hospital. The growth of surgical skill is only one of the components of a good surgical outcome.The role of postoperative medical rehabilitation at its 2nd and 3rd stages is repeatedly increasing as an equally important link in patient recovery. Here we also have “bottlenecks” in terms of the readiness of physiotherapists, exercise therapy doctors, exercise therapy instructors to fully recover this category of patients in the outpatient unit, since medical rehabilitation after endoprosthetics began to develop only in the last 5-7 years. The authors of the work presented to readers are experienced practitioners, an operating orthopedic traumatologist, doctor of medical sciences, professor N.S. Nikolaev and a physiotherapist with experience in medical rehabilitation for more than 30 years R.V. Petrova - they represent 10 years of experience working in a single-discipline clinic of federal significance in the new conditions for the provision of high-tech medical care in the field of «Traumatology and Orthopedics». This monograph is the first experience in summarizing modern approaches to the restoration of the motor functions of patients after knee and hip arthroplasty, which has been used in 2009 at one of the nine federal Russian centers for traumatology, orthopedics and endoprosthetics - Federal State Budgetary Institution FTSTOE of the Russian Ministry of Health (Cheboksary). More than 70% of patients of the Cheboksary Center receive surgical treatment in the volume of endoprosthetics of large joints of the lower extremities. Over the years, more than 50 thousand endoprosthetics of the knee and hip joints have been performed here (5-6 thousand operations annually). Not every trauma-orthopedic clinic (even in Europe) has such a great clinical practice of performing such operations. Accordingly, the experience of rehabilitation of these patients at the Center is enormous. It is enough to say that over the past years the average length of hospitalization of this category of patients has been reduced by almost half - from 10.6 to 6.3 days, mainly due to the use of modern methods of comprehensive rehabilitation in the early postoperative period. Speaking about the leading role of medical rehabilitation after joint replacement, it is necessary to note that the Center was one of the first in the country to formulate approaches and introduce the II and III stages of postoperative rehabilitation. Not the last role in this process was played by the institution's active and successful participation in the Russian pilot project «Development of a medical rehabilitation system in the Russian Federation» in the provision of rehabilitation assistance after hip joint replacement in 2015-2016. The task of doctors during joint arthroplasty is not only to replace the joint itself and return the patient to motor activity, but also to minimize possible complications. Prevention of postoperative complications in the present is an important component of the effectiveness of the operation in the future. The authors of the monograph aimed not only to tell readers in detail about arthroplasty, but mainly to show how to avoid complications with the help of well-conducted rehabilitation and the use of preventive measures for postoperative complications. The importance of a multimodal approach to pain management during knee replacement is emphasized. An important role of ultrasound diagnostics in the process of early detection of postoperative hematomas was noted. The material on the basic principles of patients' routing at the stages of rehabilitation is accompanied by a detailed description of a whole arsenal of rehabilitation methods and tools. In the monograph you can not only find the basic methods, but also take into account the evaluation tools (scales) and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the rehabilitation. The authors did not forget to tell readers about the specifics of selecting patients for endoprosthetics, drawing their attention to the assessment of the comorbid background and perioperative risk factors, which is also often difficult for practicing trauma surgeons of the outpatient department. The publication is competently structured, equipped with a glossary and a chapter with a description of terminology on this issue. Here, the history of the development of joint arthroplasty in the world and in the Russian Federation is phased in, links to almost 40 relevant literature on the topic and a list of current regulatory documents governing the provision of trauma and orthopedic care in Russia today are included. Authors generously share with readers their own developments and proprietary techniques that help to systematize information about the patient and the rehabilitation measures he is conducting. First of all, these are the Rehabilitation Route Scale developed at the Center and integrated into the medical information system, individual programs for the medical rehabilitation of patients after knee and hip arthroplasty, and an individual patient record in the early postoperative period. The “know-how” of the Center’s staff is also the Patient School information and educational system for working with patients described in the monograph. The given clinical examples of rehabilitation of patients with various rehabilitation potential are of some value to the reader. The important role of an integrated approach to this process with the participation of a multidisciplinary team of specialists with the definition of the role of each of them is emphasized. The book has many illustrations, diagrams and applications for use in the daily work of a doctor. Complexes of physiotherapy exercises for patients after hip knee arthroplasty are intended to replenish the baggage of knowledge of exercise therapy instructors and exercise therapy doctors.Conclusions. The monograph is an excellent practical tool not only for the specialists mentioned above, but also an aid for teachers of medical universities in the fields of «Traumatology and Orthopedics», «Medical Rehabilitation», students and residents of this specialty, will also bring undeniable benefits to the specialists of rehabilitation centers. The expert in rehabilitation, M. B. Tsykunov - doctor of medical sciences, professor, head of the rehabilitation department of the National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics named after N.N. Priorova »Ministry of Health of Russia. After reading this book, each specialist will find something new for himself, expand his medical horizons and actualize his vision of the problem of rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis, which, ultimately, will improve the quality of medical care for patients after such a serious type of surgical treatment as endoprosthetics. About the authors Alexander V. NovikovFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Privolzhsky Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Email: [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8099-3791 Russian Federation, 10/1, Minin and Pozharsky square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005 MD, PhD Elena A. GalovaFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Privolzhsky Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Author for correspondence.	https://journals.eco-vector.com/2658-6843/article/view/34837
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways. Progressive neurological disease (PND) is an important cause of disability in the community and hence a focus for the forthcoming National Service Framework on long term conditions.1 About 300 per 100 000 are affected by the two most common conditions in the group, multiple sclerosis (MS) and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). PND produces complex patterns of physical and cognitive impairment. We will first consider the needs of people with PND. How can rehabilitation concepts be applied to people with PND? What problems do they face? The second section will outline the resources relevant to neurological rehabilitation and we will conclude by considering how services should be integrated. Inevitably, the article will highlight shortcomings in current services. Can we do better? MEETING THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE WITH PROGRESSIVE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES What do people with PND need? To understand the needs of any patient group we require a conceptual framework. Two questions arise. How can we use the term rehabilitation in PND? What should be expected from clinical neurologists? Applying rehabilitation concepts in progressive disease Two principles apply to all forms of rehabilitation (see Barnes on p iv3). Firstly, rehabilitation is an active process, distinguished both from spontaneous improvement in the patient (recuperation or convalescence) and from services supplied to the non-participating patient (care). Secondly, rehabilitation achieves change through person centred goals. Note that not everyone will desire change to the same extent, or in the same way. Professionals must be aware that most disabled people seek support and care without wishing for any form of rehabilitation, and many will have quite different aspirations from those conceived by their neurologist. With these principles in mind, we will now consider some of the special characteristics of rehabilitation in PND. Many characteristics are common to specific patient groups—for example, MS,2 neuromuscular disorders,3 and PD.4 Disease management or self management Far from being an optional add-on, the rehabilitation approach is fundamental to the management of progressive diseases. Treatment should always be relevant to the individual’s practical goals. In line with modern thinking about healthcare the patient should, where possible, take the lead in drug and treatment decisions. However, individuals will differ in the extent to which they wish or are able to take on such responsibilities. One of the skills required in working with patients with PND is to enable them to have their desired degree of control over management decisions. Recurrent programmes of rehabilitation Rehabilitation in progressive disease is never “one-off”. A person newly diagnosed with PD or MS may have goals concerning employment, driving, or financial planning. Later, multidisciplinary assessments and interventions may be required in response to emergent disabilities. The challenge in PND is to be helpful rather than intrusive. Prevention as part of rehabilitation Rehabilitation programmes aim to reduce risks of unwanted complications as well as to improve function in the short term. In PD, neurologists readily weigh the risk of future drug related complications against the functional benefits of starting levodopa treatment. In the same way, they must gear their advice to a whole range of other avoidable physical and social problems—for example, contractures or depression, unemployment, or carer ill-health. The intertwining of rehabilitation and care Needs are constantly changing in PND, so that rehabilitation and care must be simultaneous rather than sequential. The rehabilitation approach entails repeated review of the way in which care is delivered. Do care systems maximise independence, or the reverse? Are care resources adequate to prevent complications? Equally, care providers must be actively engaged with rehabilitation goals so as to promote activity and participation. Shifting the focus from impairment to the environment The goal of drug treatment is to alleviate impairments. As the literature on physiotherapy in PD demonstrates, therapy interventions often have the same aim.5 However, campaigners for disability rights point out that impairment is not the sole source of disablement. They have shifted the focus from individuals to their environments: a classic example is the way steps restrict the lives of wheelchair users. Hence environmental factors have been incorporated into the World Health Organization’s revised framework, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)6(see Barnes, p iv3). We call diseases progressive when medical measures fail to control impairments. Environmental changes—and we include items of equipment in this category—can have striking benefits at all stages of disease. For the right person, a wheeled walking frame can improve mobility at least as dramatically as any drug. Clinicians must constantly watch for opportunities to advise on improvements to the physical or social environment; needs may arise either in the home or in the workplace. Is rehabilitation compatible with neurological practice? In neurology, symptoms and signs are primarily markers of pathology: monocular visual loss with pain suggests optic neuritis, perhaps multiple sclerosis; hemiplegia suggests a hemispheric lesion, perhaps a stroke; and so on. In rehabilitation medicine, the primary significance of symptoms and signs is functional. How will monocular blindness affect driving ability? How will hemiplegia affect independence in the toilet? Neurology classically asks two questions: “Where?” (what is the site of the lesion?); and “What?” (what is the pathological basis?). Rehabilitation entails a third question, “So what?”. Determining “Where?” and “What?” may require only one or two clinical encounters lasting as little as 10 or 20 minutes. To ask “So what?” is to open a can of time consuming worms. Outpatient neurology depends on a relationship between a doctor and a patient; by contrast, rehabilitation is less doctor centred. In helping people to manage a progressive disease, information must be shared between professionals and all must be aware of the limitations of any one point of view. Rehabilitation inevitably strays into non-medical domains, concerning itself with banalities such as garages and toilets which are not discussed in medical textbooks. This has discouraged many neurologists from what they see as a misuse of their specialised training. Despite these differences of emphasis, the fact remains that most neurology is practised in the outpatient clinic, where chronic disease predominates. Whether or not they are trained or resourced to do so, neurologists must inevitably play a role in responding to the ever changing needs of patients and families. Many neurologists recognise this responsibility even though substantial numbers do not. A survey in 1996 of 226 British neurologists showed that 49% had “attended case conferences which are multidisciplinary (that is, not solely involving nurses) and attended by a patient plus family” recently, but 18% had never done so. Over a fifth had “visit(ed) patients outside the hospital for rehabilitation assessment” at least occasionally, but nearly half had never done so. A minority of respondents regarded rehabilitation as irrelevant to general neurology, but most considered that it deserved more prominence among neurological services and lamented the lack of current resources. Evidence on met and unmet need Surveys of organisations such as the Parkinson’s Disease Society provide useful information on needs. One consistent message is that people need information at the time of diagnosis and also subsequently. Doctors have key roles as patient educators, but must often be signposts rather than information providers themselves. In a survey of people with PND in Derbyshire we found that an average of 25% were ignorant of information sources for 10 topics, ranging from the medical condition to financial planning. General practitioners (GPs) and other professionals were equally unaware of information resources: many were unaware, for example, that the local employment service could advise disabled people about job retention as well as re-employment. The information sources most valued by patients over the course of their illnesses were not doctors but self help organisations. A common complaint is the failure of GPs and consultants to refer to other services appropriately (“if only I’d known then what I know now…”). We acquired evidence on this point from a sample of 114 people with PND resident in Nottingham. During the previous 12 months over a quarter of the sample had urinary incontinence but only one person had had contact with a continence advisory nurse; half the sample had fallen but only one in seven reported contact with an occupational therapist. People reporting specific difficulties such as in rising from a chair had not been offered equipment which could have been helpful, and none of those scoring highest for risk of skin sores was using a pressure relieving mattress. A large majority of the sample had seen a GP, and 85% had seen a consultant in the previous 12 months, but without triggering appropriate referrals. Where referrals are made, the rationale is often poorly specified—for example, patients and their medical advisors often request physiotherapy without clear objectives. RESOURCES FOR PEOPLE WITH PROGRESSIVE NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS The large array of services available for people with PND can be divided into: (1) specialist medical services (excluding neurology, which we have already discussed); (2) specialist non-medical services including information resources; and (3) generic services available at community level. Specialist medical services Rehabilitation medicine Consultants in rehabilitation medicine work within multidisciplinary teams to provide inpatient and outpatient services for people with complex and changing disabilities; their clientele is largely neurological although they also provide specialist services to other diagnostic groups. Rehabilitation medicine services are often appropriate in PND because of the complexity of physical and cognitive impairments and also on account of the need to coordinate multidisciplinary interventions and to work between the hospital and the community. Psychiatry Ongoing psychiatric advice is often useful for patients with PND. In some areas, the service for Huntington’s disease (HD) is led by psychiatrists. In areas where there is no special interest in HD, general psychiatrists are called on in times of crisis but their neuropsychiatric expertise is necessarily limited. The same difficulties arise in other progressive conditions, and also in traumatic brain injury, where neuropsychiatric complications are common. Community mental health teams (CMHTs) may be more or less integrated with consultant psychiatrists and can be accessed directly. Community psychiatric nurses can monitor and support people with disorders of mood or behaviour in their homes, as well as accessing specialist community facilities such as day centres. Dementia is an important problem in PND. MS is the most common cause of progressive dementia in adults aged less than 65, and 20–30% of people with PD have dementia; cognitive failure is a feature of several less common progressive conditions, notably HD. Services for younger adults with dementia are poorly developed in the UK. Where they have developed, they are usually led by psychogeriatricians, who acquire extensive experience of the interplay between neurological disease and behaviour. Clinical genetics Genetic counsellors, who are often but not invariably nurse trained, work closely with consultants in clinical genetics. Having been involved with families at critical times such as during diagnosis, pre-symptomatic genetic testing or pregnancy, genetic counsellors develop close relationships which provide insights into wider issues. They cannot, however, remain indefinitely involved and require other services such as psychiatry, rehabilitation medicine, or neurology for onward referral. Specialist non-medical resources Diagnosis specific services Specialist nurses are increasingly advocated for MS and PD, where the potential case loads are large enough to justify a service at district general hospital (DGH) level. It has been recognised recently that therapists or other health professionals may be alternatives to nurses. Typically, a specialist nurse will have a hospital base and will be in direct contact with individual patients and their families both in the clinic and at home. An important role is to educate other professionals, notably the primary care team. As they gain experience, specialist nurses become useful advisors on all aspects of the disease, including options for drug treatment. The Huntington’s Disease Association, the Motor Neurone Disease Association, and the Muscular Dystrophy Campaign all fund advisors who fulfil similar roles across larger catchment areas. These support workers sometimes come from professional backgrounds such as social work and hence have a somewhat different range of functions from specialist nurses. However, through working closely with health professionals they become well informed about such matters as enteral feeding and equipment. Although outside the scope of this article, mention should be made of specialist traumatic brain injury teams, which provide support for patients and families living in the community. The teams include therapists but some are led by non-medical case managers. Neurology specific services Alternatives to diagnosis specific nurses include specialist rehabilitation outreach nurses and social services or joint funded staff with special responsibilities for people with neurological disabilities. There is increasing specialisation within the therapy professions. Neurological physiotherapy and neurological occupational therapy require a set of skills and a range of experience not shared by therapists who are either generic or have other specialisms such as musculoskeletal or respiratory disease. Within speech and language therapy, those who treat adults are increasingly subspecialising either in speech or in swallowing. Other specialist services Rehabilitation of people with chronic disease is supported by specialist teams such as those advising on continence, nutrition and enteral feeding, tissue viability, and pain. These are typically DGH based services led by specialist nurses who network with colleagues in the community. Epilepsy nurses are usually hospital based and their remit in many ways parallels that of the MS and PD specialists, and may occasionally interact with them. Some patients with non-malignant terminal conditions require input from palliative medicine consultants, while a larger number will benefit from less specialist nurse led palliative services which are accessed through primary health. Information resources There is no shortage of information resources. In our Derbyshire survey respondents identified 44 locally available information resources; admittedly, one of these was the window cleaner but there were no less than three specialist information providers in the locality. By far the most important sources were the national self help organisations, which provide literature, helplines, and internet services. Other important locally available sources of non-statutory information and advice include the Citizens Advice Bureau and disability organisations such as DIAL. Information on equipment is available from demonstration facilities such as disability living centres. Generic community services Space does not permit us to describe community services comprehensively, especially since there is considerable variation in local arrangements. Primary health care services The term “primary health care” now embraces GPs, practice nurses, the separately organised community nurses, and also podiatry (chiropody) and dentistry. In addition to hospital based services such as dietetics, physiotherapy, and occupational and speech therapy, a range of services provided by primary care or community trusts are often available to deliver treatment in the home setting. In PND, community physiotherapists are among those who often have sustained relationships with patients and can thus function as well informed key workers. Local authority and other statutory services Social services are the pivotal local authority agency, since assessments by occupational therapists and community care workers based in social services are the gateway to provision of a range of equipment for daily living, minor adaptations, and major home adaptations, although the latter are funded separately. Referral to social services can also trigger a review of benefits (although these are administered by a different government department, the Benefits Agency) and of domiciliary services, as well as an assessment of transport, respite, housing, and carer needs. Social services care managers provide a system of ongoing review for severely disabled people with complex needs. They organise regular multidisciplinary reviews using a standardised format which should take account of health as well as social needs. Regrettably, no such system exists for people who have significant disabilities but who do not require the intensive level of social services support which triggers care management. Several other local authority services are provided specifically for disabled people—for example housing, leisure services, education, and new supporting people schemes. The two government agencies most often involved with disabled people are the Benefits Agency and the Employment Service, which have offices in each locality. Equipment services Equipment services are complex, although the forthcoming Integrated Community Equipment Services will unify provision of non-specialised equipment including communication aids, with a single point of access for patients and professionals. Wheelchairs remain a separate service, usually National Health Service (NHS) based, with a specialist component for people with complex needs. Electronic environmental controls are usually provided by a specialist, NHS based service. Each of the above equipment services is supported by specialist occupational therapists and by rehabilitation engineers, and specialist services also have support from rehabilitation medicine consultants. Specialised communication aids are often provided ad hoc, with special funding sought by speech and language therapists. Unfortunately not all appropriate items of equipment are funded by existing services. Additional needs can sometimes be met by charitable organisations. Residential and respite care Residential and respite care are an important but neglected component of services for people with PND. Many patients gravitate towards nursing homes at various stages of disease progression. Residential care often fails to meet the expectations of professionals and patients. People with PD are particularly troubled by a lack of understanding of specific problems such as fluctuations in mobility. Staff responses to the behavioural problems of patients with conditions such as HD may be ill informed and unhelpful. Many non-specialist homes claim to provide activities or even in-house therapy, but specialist therapy input is uncommon. Most such homes provide adequate nursing care and little more; medical supervision is provided by local GPs, with no special access to specialist advice. At the top end of the market, there are homes which command higher fees on the basis of a claim to be specialist. Often, this is little more than evidence of some degree of experience with particular types of resident such as those with HD or traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation is rarely provided, and there is no financial incentive to render residents more independent. It is a sad reality that while people with PND often require a period of respite care either for themselves or to give a carer a rest, such care can have a negative effect on the person’s independence. An alternative solution is the provision of additional care at home, particularly when a carer wishes to be absent for a period of respite. CAN WE DO BETTER? “Go it alone” rehabilitation The neurology clinic often provides support during the early stages of disease, while other services “inherit” the patient with the advent of significant disabilities. Perhaps the greatest difficulty with this model is making the judgement regarding the timing of referrals. Detecting opportunities to benefit from rehabilitative interventions requires specialist experience and skill. In practice, many patients go through a clearly unsatisfactory three stage process, being discharged from the neurology clinic when no problems are perceived or anticipated, only to be referred back to neurology or to another service some time after a crisis has developed. Neurologists who discharge outpatients with conditions such as MS may well imagine that “the community” houses a comprehensive system of health and social care, in which GPs and social services are rapidly alerted to the onset of new disabilities. This utopian vision is far from reality. Most GP services are reactive to patient complaints. District nurses are also largely reactive to specific problems. Nurses are only in a position to monitor chronic problems in the few patients who are receiving routine input for tasks such as bowel care. Despite the term “primary health care team”, many GP practices hold few if any multidisciplinary meetings. Like health services, social services are principally reactive, often responding to individual referrals and then “closing the file” unless care management is in place. Care managers have a financial interest in being proactive, since avoidable complications such as falls and sores can increase the cost of care. Occupational therapists can crucially enhance independence and quality of life but as we have seen, their services are dispersed between social services and a variety of NHS funded services. Other services are equally fragmented and usually without formal links between them. Bearing in mind the complexity of services, we suggest that neurologists who wish to be involved in the rehabilitation and preventive management of disabled people should: - educate patients so that they can recognise problems and potential problems when they arise - point patients towards information about locally available services—local branches of self-help groups are best positioned to provide such information - assume that their patients will not be monitored proactively, unless there is a specific plan in place - assume that one service will not communicate with another, unless there is evidence to the contrary - where appropriate, identify and communicate with a community based professional who is well linked with other services - where appropriate, make use of specialist rehabilitation medicine services However, equity, efficiency, and effectiveness would be enhanced by more systematic services, which we discuss in the next section. Towards an integrated service Diagnosis led services There are considerable attractions in developing services around specific diagnostic groups. This can work well for PD and MS, where a diagnosis specific clinic is served by specialist consultants and a specialist nurse provides a bridge with the community. Patients and patient led organisations usually support this model, which establishes a service with a clear mission and ethos. The team progressively acquires a high level of expertise and research, teaching, and fundraising are facilitated. The more specialised the team, however, the less easily it can be closely linked with the community, although outreach workers can provide such links and can continue to support patients who are too disabled to attend the clinic. These difficulties become more acute for less common conditions. Thus, the model works well for regional care and research centres funded by the Motor Neurone Disease Association, but seamless transition to community services is required when patients become more disabled. Another difficulty is that rarer conditions such as the progressive ataxias cannot easily be accommodated. Neurological community services Several centres have established successful multidisciplinary, community based teams in which much of the work concerns PND although, in order to achieve critical mass and to remain locality based, they are not diagnosis specific. If funds are available, one or more locally based neurological therapists can work effectively within such a team, referring to more specialist services as necessary. Such teams can facilitate inter-agency communication although they will typically be NHS funded. However, teams which do not have continuous access to medical expertise are seriously disadvantaged. The approach we have taken in Derby is to work towards greater integration of existing services. The special features of our model, which is led by a neurologically orientated rehabilitation medicine service, include: - outreach neurological therapy and nursing posts - two social services funded specialist care manager posts for people with PND - a rehabilitation communication group meeting regularly in each of the primary care trust areas, attended by social services staff, community therapists, rehabilitation medicine staff and others, to exchange information on clients with PND who have complex needs. These meetings help keep professionals up to date with available resources, provide a forum for service improvements, and encourage joint assessments and services. In addition, there are plans for a specialist MS nurse and we already have a specialist PD nurse. Patients with motor neurone disease are transferred to the service from the nearby regional care and research centre with which we are closely linked. There is also a service for HD run jointly by rehabilitation medicine and clinical genetics. An unusual feature in Derby is the specific commitment of social services to people with PND. This has been facilitated by strong grass roots communication links between NHS neurological rehabilitation services and social services. Care management is exceptionally well developed in both Derby and Derbyshire. Specialist posts funded for PND by the two local authorities have demonstrated the ability of specialists who are not health professionals to make strong contributions to multidisciplinary rehabilitation processes. Another recent development in Derby is a local authority funded short stay and day care facility for people with PND. Can we do better? As we have indicated, people with PND can potentially benefit from a vast range of services. Under-funding is a problem, but the main difficulty they face is a lack of integration of services. In fact, people with motor neurone disease, and their carers, are sometimes overwhelmed by the plethora of services that beat paths to their door, but which frequently seem unaware of each other. Referrals and interventions will be more effective and more timely where health and social services are working together as a team. Clinical neurology is an important part of such a team, alongside other expertise. Platitudes apart, the prerequisite for doing better is to challenge traditional models of clinical practice.	https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/74/suppl_4/iv8?ijkey=9f89187ef5d3720b6af4a58d4eb059ce14a0af43&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
The Department of Physical Therapy offers both undergraduate and postgraduate education in the science of Physical Therapy. Mission of the Department is to promote, develop and transmit knowledge in technology and science of Physiotherapy, with appropriate theoretical teaching, wider laboratory and practical training and applied research in order to provide students and graduates with the necessary qualifications, ensuring their excellent training for their scientific and professional career and development. The curriculum covers the science of Physical Therapy on Higher degree (240 ECTS). Τhe graduates acquire the necessary scientific knowledge and clinical skills in order to safely and competently assess, clinically reason and apply Physiotherapeutic methods, techniques and exercise programs, focussing on the prevention, improvement and rehabilitation of congenital and acquired pathology, as well as traumatic injuries causing dysfunction in the skeletal, muscular, nervous, respiratory and cardiac systems. The curriculum in accordance to the modern trends in the field of Physical Therapy and takes advantage of the digital technology. Along with the Departments of Speech Therapy and Nursing in the School of Heath & Welfare Professions of the Western Greece University of Applied Sciences run an inter-departmental Master of Science (MSc) degree in “Rehabilitation Sciences”, with the three respective directions. Purpose of this MSc is to offer postgraduate education in health sciences graduates so that they gain a strong scientific background and broaden the experience and expertise in the rehabilitation of patients. The MSc will provide science-based knowledge in the rehabilitation of patients, as well as research on the production and replication of advanced theoretical knowledge, developing innovative methodologies, techniques and clinical applications in the scientific field of Rehabilitation. Emphasis will be given on prevention and recovery from congenital and acquired pathologies and traumatic lesions in humans. The staff in the Department consists of 5 permanent members and 8 university bursaries to cover the theoretical and laboratory teaching requirements. The Department has two accredited research laboratories the Laboratory of Human Assessment and Rehabilitation and the Laboratory Health Physics & Computational Intelligence. Main advantages of the Department is the long educational experience of its staff, its involvement in Greek and international scientific committees, its productivity of publications in peer-reviewed journals with high impact factors, the large number of citations and the consistence in organizing scientific conferences as well as introductory lectures on rehabilitation for the community. In addition, international collaborations are strongly encouraged, with the characteristic PhD projects currently running in the Department, by two Indian PhD candidates.	http://www.teiwest.gr/index.php/en/schools/health-school/physio
Expertise and experience CRESS has a dedicated team of staff who are committed to river improvement and restoration. The centre directors, David Gilvear and Nigel Willby are both internationally acclaimed river scientists and are leading experts within their field. David is a fluvial geomorphologist with an interest in the interaction between physical habitat quality and river ecology. Nigel is a freshwater ecologist who specialises in aquatic plants and biological attributes. Colin Bull is a fisheries biologist with expertise in the ecology and management of salmonid fisheries, assisted with the development of standard fisheries techniques he has played managerial roles on National fisheries projects. Roser Casas is a forestry engineer with a wide range of experience in rivers having been involved with projects concerning management of riparian woodland, monitoring impacts of hydro-power operations and community engagement in rivers. Resources CRESS has access to a wide range of resources at the University of Stirling, such as use of: - Laboratories for the analysis of water, soils and biological materials. - Field equipment such as global positioning systems, topographic surveying equipment, water level recorders and automatic water samples. - GIS (ArcGIS, ArcView) and remote sensing facilities. - Extensive library. - Expertise of other staff within the university. The combination of resources, staff and experience make CRESS one of the leading interdisciplinary organisations in applied river science and ecological quality assessment. Awards The Saltires Society Awards for Civil Engineering 2006 The River Nith diversion was nominated for the Saltire Award for Civil Engineering in association with The Institution of Civil Engineers Civil Engineering Award 2006. The University of Stirling was awarded, together with East Ayrshire Council (sponsor), Scottish Coal Ltd (Client and contractor), Halcrow Group Ltd (designer), for the research and monitoring of the re-diversion, with a long term commitment and dissemination of knowledge which will be carry out through a 15 year monitoring programme to measure geomorphic performance and macro-invertebrate recovery which will help inform future river engineering design. The Environmental Commendation for the River Nith Re-Diversion recognises the way in which innovative design and construction techniques took account of environmental end ecological issues in restoring important salmon spawning beds at the site of a former major open-cast mine.	http://crress.stir.ac.uk/why/index.html
Internal Corning Employees are provided the opportunity to review global job openings for potential interest. However, they are encouraged to do so with the understanding that whether or not they will be considered a candidate for positions located outside their geographic area (city, country, region) will depend on a number of factors such as the availability of local subject matter expertise or qualified talent, the need to obtain and availability of work authorization, costs associated with internal transfer, etc. It will be the decision of the hiring organization whether to permit employees applying outside the local area where the opening exists to be considered a candidate for that opening. It is recommended employees wishing to apply for job openings at Corning make their supervisor aware of their interest before formally applying. Process Engineer JOB TITLE: Process Engineer SUPERVISOR: Process Engineering Supervisor BAND: B Work Experience - 2-4 year experience in manufacturing engineering. Additional Skills Required - English skills 70% - Green Belt Certification - Good understanding of statistical analysis (histograms, regression analysis, Hypothesis Testing, DOE, standard deviation, GR&R, DOE etc.) - Lean Manufacturing knowledge - Leadership potential demonstrated on project teams responsible for implementation of new processes or equipment into manufacturing. - Good Project Management knowledge - Good communication skills (verbal and written) - Good problem solving and decision making processes and skills - Good Organizational skills - Self-starter who is able to meet expectations for their objectives and timelines with a regular supervision - Ability to effectively deal with certain levels of uncertainty, ambiguity, and change. Desired - Black Belt Certification - PQA Green Belt Certification - Lean Belt Certification - This role may require up to 20% travel based on business needs. Responsibilities General - Work with and facilitate alignment between manufacturing, development and upstream process experts to deliver step change and improvement of finishing technology capabilities - Manage internal Corning resources to complete project deliverables - Interface with external machine builders, system integrators, and suppliers to specify and deliver fully integrated process machine systems on-time, on-budget and fulfilling the technical scope when is appropriated - Apply knowledge of engineering principles and methods to resolve challenges - Utilize statistical tools, engineering data, and DMAIC/DESGN/Lean methodologies to develop process understanding to support robust manufacturing processes. - Support development and execution of roadmap and project portfolio - Elaborate/propose product and process improvement qualification plans. Complete technical reports for internal publication - Support problem-solving in manufacturing, including root cause identification and resolution - Apply process engineering knowledge, skills and expertise from concept through delivery of process and equipment at production areas. - Works on problems where analysis of data requires evaluation of identifiable factors. Exercises judgment within generally defined practices and policies in selecting methods and techniques for obtaining solutions.	https://corningjobs.corning.com/job/Reynosa-Process-Engineer-TAM-88730/810354100/
WASHINGTON — The United States needs to pass its first international sports anti-doping law to criminalize the overuse of performance-enhancing drugs so that U.S. athletes aren’t at a disadvantage in the Olympics and other international competitions, the members of Congress in the Helsinki Commission said Wednesday. The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, a bipartisan group of congressmen also known as the Helsinki Commission, introduced legislation last month that, if it becomes law, would be the first U.S. statute to criminalize the use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs in international competitions. It would prohibit such offenses committed in the United States, or outside of the country if they were part of a major international competition or affect U.S. interstate or foreign commerce. “I feel confident that we will work with our colleagues and they will see the importance of this legislation to move it forward as quickly as possible,” said Helsinki Commissioner Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee, D-Texas, said Wednesday during a hearing of the body. In 2016, Dr. Grigory Rodchenkov, former head of Russia’s anti-doping lab, blew the whistle on the nation’s state-run doping program, a move that influenced the results of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. The International Olympic Committee stripped 13 of Russia’s 33 Olympic medals and banned 39 athletes from attending future Olympic Games. However, the Court of Arbitration for Sport, a quasi-judicial body that settles doping disputes in international competitions, overturned 28 bans and reinstated nine medals. The stripped medals were never reallocated. Many U.S. athletes were involved in the competitions in which the medals were awarded. “We need help protecting the ideals that passed from my father to myself and the things that children are raise believing to inspire them to a lifetime of dedication and self-belief,” said U.S. skeleton racer Katie Uhlaender. Uhlaender was supposed to claim her bronze medal in women’s skeleton match in Sochi after the former third-place Russian Elena Nikitina was disqualified because of doping violation, but the disqualification was overturned. Under the Helsinki Commission bill, U.S. athletes and companies would be protected through civil remedies and criminal sanctions for doping frauds at major international sports competitions. Violations would result in a maximum of 10 years’ imprisonment and a $1 million fine. It also would prohibit retaliation against whistleblowers. “Making retaliation against whistleblowers in sports a criminal offense and affording them remedies through civil process is simply a game changer,” Rodchenkov’s attorney, Jim Walden, said during the hearing Wednesday. “It will allow other whistleblowers to come forward so that other acts of corruption can be exposed to the sanitizing rays of sunlight.” Several European countries, including Italy, Austria and Germany, have established criminal sanctions to reinforce the condemnation of doping fraud.	http://dc.medill.northwestern.edu/blog/2018/07/26/helsinki-commission-calls-u-s-pass-international-anti-doping-law/
TRENTON, N.J. – Alex Rodriguez was back with the Trenton Thunder on Friday and hit what might be his last home run in a while. With a lengthy suspension looming, the New York Yankees star hit a two-run homer to left in the third inning as the Thunder defeated the Reading Fightin Phils 6-2 in an Eastern League game at Waterfront Park. Rodriguez is among 14 players facing discipline in Major League Baseball’s Biogenesis investigation, and suspensions are expected on Monday – with Rodriguez facing the longest penalty. Coming back from hip surgery and a quadriceps injury, A-Rod was hoping to return to the Yankees for the first time since last October. But he might not get there any time soon because of his alleged connection to the closed anti-aging clinic that’s been accused of distributing banned performance-enhancing drugs. Most targeted players face 50-game bans, including All-Stars Nelson Cruz of Texas and Jhonny Peralta of Detroit. Many of the players are expected to follow the example set by Milwaukee’s Ryan Braun last month and accept penalties without a challenge before an arbitrator. First-time offenders who challenge suspensions can continue to play until their appeals are decided. ‘Let’s just get it over with,’ Los Angeles Dodgers manager Don Mattingly said. The Yankees expect A-Rod to be accused of recruiting other athletes for the clinic, attempting to obstruct MLB’s investigation, and not being truthful with MLB in the past.	https://www.pottsmerc.com/2013/08/02/eastern-league-a-rod-homers-as-thunder-top-fightins/
USADA announced today that a three-member, independent panel of the American Arbitration Association North American Court of Arbitration for Sport (AAA), rendered its decision in the case of Johan Bruyneel (Team Director), Dr. Pedro Celaya (Team Doctor) and Jose “Pepe” Martí (Team Trainer), finding that all three committed multiple anti-doping rule violations over many years. The Panel found that “the evidence establishes conclusively that Mr. Bruyneel was at the apex of a conspiracy to commit widespread doping on the USPS and Discovery Channel teams spanning many years and many riders. Similarly, Dr. Celaya and Mr. Martí were part of, or at least allowed themselves to be used as instruments of, that conspiracy.” “From the beginning, our investigation has focused on ridding cycling of those entrusted to care for the well-being of athletes who abuse their position of trust and influence to assist or encourage the use of performance-enhancing drugs to defraud sport and clean athletes,” said USADA CEO Travis T. Tygart. “There is no excuse for any team director, doctor or other athlete support person who corrupts the very sport and the athletes they are supposed to protect.” The Panel imposed a ten-year ban for Bruyneel, and eight-year bans for Celaya and Martí as the result of their roles in the USPS Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy. These three suspended individuals, together with the previously suspended Dr. Michele Ferrari, from Ferrara, Italy and Dr. Luis Garcia del Moral, of València, Spain (who each received lifetime suspensions), makes a total of five athlete support personnel from the USPS Pro Cycling Team to be suspended for anti-doping rule violations for their participation in the USPS Pro Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy. The Panel found that Bruyneel trafficked in performance-enhancing drugs and “was engaged in the allocation of team-related resources… causing a variety of prohibited doping substances and methods to be used expressly for the purpose of gaining an unfair advantage for the teams and cyclists he managed in cycling events.” In addition, the Panel found that Bruyneel himself “profited considerably from the successes of the teams and riders he managed during the relevant period.” Bruyneel encouraged athletes to use doping products including EPO, blood transfusions, testosterone, and cortisone. Bruyneel, who currently lives in London, is a former Belgian cyclist who, after a long career as a cyclist on pro teams, was USPS team director from1999- 2007(team name was changed to the Discovery Channel Cycling Team for the period 2005-2007 due to a change in sponsorship). During 2008-2009 Bruyneel was Director of the Astana Cycling Team. Beginning in 2010 he became the Team Director (or Team Manager) for the RadioShack Team where he continued to work until USADA’s case was initiated. Dr. Pedro Celaya is a Spanish doctor who worked in professional cycling as a Team Doctor for over a decade and currently lives in Elorrio, Spain. The Panel found that Dr. Celaya possessed and administered doping products, including EPO, blood transfusions, and cortisone. Celaya was a Team Doctor for the USPS/ Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team from 1997 through 1998 and from 2004 through 2007. During all or part of the period from 1999 through 2003 Dr. Celaya was a Team Doctor for the ONCE cycling team. Dr. Celaya continued to work in cycling as a Team Doctor for the RadioShack Nissan Trek Cycling Team until USADA’s case was initiated. Jose “Pepe” Marti also was employed in professional cycling for over a decade and currently resides in València, Spain. The Panel found that Martí, a Team Trainer, trafficked performance enhancing drugs, including EPO, hGH, testosterone and cortisone to riders. Martí was involved in administering injections of EPO, testosterone, and hGH and in transfusing blood to riders. Martí worked with the USPS and Discovery Channel Cycling Teams during the period from 1999 through 2007 and thereafter worked with the Astana Cycling Team. Most recently, Martí worked with one or more riders on Team Saxo Bank-Tinkoff Bank team until after USADA’s case was initiated. Bruyneel, Celaya and Martí all chose to exercise their right to have their cases heard collectively by a panel of three independent arbitrators. Following a lengthy pre-hearing process including various motions filed by the respondents’ legal team, the four day evidentiary hearing took place in London, England in December of 2013. The hearing was held in London at the request of Bruyneel, Celaya and Martí for their convenience. Bruyneel, Celaya and Marti were collectively represented by seven lawyers at the hearing. At the hearing, extensive and detailed evidence was presented to the Panel, and testimony was received from 17 witnesses, 14 of which were principally fact witnesses, including 8 cyclists, and 3 of which were expert witnesses. All of the witnesses testified under oath, and were subject to cross examination. Bruyneel refused to testify and presented no fact witnesses on his own behalf. Martí likewise refused to testify. Dr. Celaya did testify before the Panel and was subject to cross examination at the hearing. The Panel concluded that Dr. Celaya was not “a credible witness in this case.” The Panel confirmed that, in accordance with the Code and the International Cycling Union Anti-Doping Rules (UCI ADR), USADA had authority to bring these cases, because USADA discovered the violations. Bruyneel’s sanction will end June 11, 2022 and Celaya and Martí’s sanctions will end on June 11, 2020. In an effort to aid athletes, as well as all support team members such as parents and coaches, in understanding the rules applicable to them, USADA provides comprehensive instruction on its website on the testing process and prohibited substances, how to obtain permission to use a necessary medication, and the risks and dangers of taking supplements as well as performance-enhancing and recreational drugs. In addition, the agency manages a drug reference hotline, Drug Reference Online (www.GlobalDRO.com), conducts educational sessions with National Governing Bodies and their athletes, and proactively distributes a multitude of educational materials, such as the Prohibited List, easy-reference wallet cards, periodic newsletters, and protocol and policy reference documentation. USADA is responsible for the testing and results management process for athletes in the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Movement, and is equally dedicated to preserving the integrity of sport through research initiatives and educational For more information or media inquiries, click here.	https://www.usada.org/sanction/aaa-panel-imposes-ban-for-team-director-bruyneel-team-doctor-celaya-and-team-trainer-marti-for-involvement-in-the-united-states-postal-service-usps-pro-cycling-team-doping-conspiracy/
Background Supplement use is common in sport. Burns (2004), reported that 88.0% of the questions athletes used at least one supplements and 58% admitted using more than one type.1 Besides their cost, use of supplements may have side effects on general health and sports performance. Nobody cannot... - Running on Empty. Cazeneuve, Brian // Sports Illustrated;1/14/2008, Vol. 108 Issue 1, p23 This article focuses on the plight of former Olympic gold medalist Marion Jones, who could face jail time for her guilty plea on lying about her use of performance-enhancing drugs. Particular focus is given to Jones' financial state, as she has been forced to pay back prize money and has sold... - Patterns Of Ephedra and Other Stimulant Use in Collegiate Hockey Athletes. Bents, Robert T.; Marsh, Erik // International Journal of Sport Nutrition & Exercise Metabolism;Dec2006, Vol. 16 Issue 6, p636 This study examined trends in stimulant use and attitudes toward use among American collegiate hockey athletes. All 139 players in one college hockey conference completed a comprehensive questionnaire. Over half of the athletes (51.8%) confirmed stimulant use before a hockey game or practice.... - Attitudes and doping: a structural equation analysis of the relationship between athletes' attitudes, sport orientation and doping behaviour. Petróczi, Andrea // Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention & Policy;2007, Vol. 2, p34 Background: For effective deterrence methods, individual, systemic and situational factors that make an athlete or athlete group more susceptible to doping than others should be fully investigated. Traditional behavioural models assume that the behaviour in question is the ultimate end. However,... - Ban on the use of cannabinoids in all sports during competition is supported by World Anti-Doping Agency criteria. // Drugs & Therapy Perspectives;Dec2012, Vol. 28 Issue 12, p24 The article reports on the move of trade body World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) which has banned the use of cannabinoids in all sports competitions. It states that the ban on cannabinoids has been considered as a controversial issue since 2004, however the WADA reportedly believes that it violates... - Urine nandrolone metabolites: false positive doping test? Kohler, R.M.N.; Lambert, M.I. // British Journal of Sports Medicine;Oct2002, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p325 Analyzes the studies on nandrolone metabolism to determine if it is possible for an athlete to test positive for nandrolone without having ingested or injected nandrolone. Evidence for endogeneous NA; Metabolism of NA; Factors with the potential to affect NA metabolism. - WHAT YOU DON'T KNOW MIGHT KILL YOU. Epstein, David; Dohrmann, George // Sports Illustrated;5/18/2009, Vol. 110 Issue 20, p54 The article looks at the sports-supplement industry. Professional athletes who have tested positive for banned performance-enhancing substances and claim that the substances were unknowingly present in their supplements are discussed. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's studies on substances... - Once There Were Giants. Layden, Tim // Sports Illustrated;5/5/2008, Vol. 108 Issue 18, p18 The article examines the effects of a continuing string of scandals involving doping on track and field in the U.S. So many of the sport's most prominent athletes, including Marion Jones, have been found to have use performance-enhancing drugs that all participants are under suspicion. Rigorous... - 'Organised crime and drugs in sport': did they teach us about that in medical school? Hughes, David // British Journal of Sports Medicine;Jul2013, Vol. 47 Issue 11, p661 The article discusses the prevalence of prohibited substance use among professional athletes in Australia in 2013. A report from the Australian Crime Commission (ACC) found that athletes are using prohibited substance including peptides and hormones and that organized crime is involved in the...	http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/48645685/plasma-urine-profiles-of-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-metabolites-11-hydroxy-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-nor-9-carboxy-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-after-cannabis-smoking-by-male-volunteers-estimate-recent-consumption-by-athletes
In Cremeans, the Defendant was found guilty of his third OVI (Operating a Vehicle under the Influence of drugs or alcohol) within the last six years. Under Ohio Revised Code Section 4511.19(G)(1)(c)(v), a defendant who is found guilty of his or her third OVI offense in the last ten years must be ordered to surrender the vehicle if the vehicle is owned by the defendant. PROCESS FOR FORFEITURE OF A CAR OR TRUCK If a defendant is facing the possibility of having his or her car or truck seized following an OVI conviction, the state of Ohio must follow certain procedures before they may take possession of the vehicle (Ohio Revised Code Section 4503.234): - The defendant must be given a chance to speak regarding the forfeiture prior to the state taking possession of the vehicle. - “The prosecuting attorney shall give the offender written notice of the possibility of forfeiture … not less than seven days prior to the date of issuance of the forfeiture order.” - The Defendant must either plead or be found guilty of a third offense OVI. In Creameans, the Defendant was found guilty of his third OVI in the last ten years, and the Court found the state of Ohio and the trial court complied with all of the requirements of Ohio Revised Code Section 4503.234. As a result, the Defendant’s car was ordered to be forfeited to the state. The possibility of having a vehicle that you own turned over to the state of Ohio is a frightening proposition to consider. That is why it is important to contact an attorney who is knowledgeable about all possible defenses available to you. The right attorney can guide you through the criminal process and advise you of all potential penalties you may face, including the forfeiture of your vehicle. If you have questions about your Columbus alcohol related criminal or traffic charges, talk to our defense attorneys at 614-361-2804.	https://www.riddelllaw.com/car-vehicle-forfeiture-third-ovi/
MLB commissioner Bud Selig told ESPN's Jon Miller that he has not yet decided what he will do with the new information on Bonds' alleged steroid use, including whether he will investigate the allegations. I'm considering all of my options. We'll do what's best for the sport. I've given it a lot of thought and attention. I'll announce my decision at the appropriate time. Correctional Facility. Despite his denials to the contrary, Selig moves ahead with plans to investigate Bonds. Reports surface that Bonds tried to keep his name out of the BALCO scandal, sending his lawyer into meetings with company representatives to ask for protection, according to a new book. Bonds' lawyer, Michael Rains, says he'll ask a judge to order that the "Game of Shadows" authors turn over any profits. He wants an injunction to stop sales of the book and seize all profits from it. Chicago Tribune reports that it's highly likely Selig will appoint someone the equivalent of a special prosecutor to investigate Bonds' ties to steroids. Major League Baseball launches its probe into steroid use by Bonds and others. The probe initially will be limited to events since September , when the sport last banned performance-enhancing drugs. No timetable for the investigation is announced. Bob DuPuy, baseball's chief operating officer, says baseball had the power to force players to cooperate. Bonds won't discuss the matter. Conte insists again that he never gave performance-enhancing drugs to Bonds and said a new book that makes those claims is "full of outright lies. After the eighth inning of the season opener at San Diego, a toy syringe was thrown onto the field as Bonds headed to the dugout along the third-base line. He scooped it up with his glove, transferred it to his left hand and tossed it into a photo well. AP reports that a federal grand jury is investigating whether Barry Bonds committed perjury when he testified in that he never used steroids. The panel has been hearing evidence for more than a month about whether Bonds lied to a different grand jury that was investigating the BALCO scandal. The personal surgeon for Bonds was subpoenaed to testify before the grand jury, The Chronicle reported. Arthur Ting, the physician who treated Bonds for the knee injury that kept him out for most of the season, was subpoenaed to appear before the grand jury at the U. District courthouse in San Francisco later in the month, according to two sources familiar with the investigation. The San Francisco Chronicle reports that a federal grand jury has subpoenaed Ting to testify in its investigation of whether the Giants outfielder committed perjury in when he denied under oath that he had ever taken steroids. One of the sources, all of whom requested anonymity, said the government also has demanded Conte turn over the team's training records related to Bonds. Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay The San Jose Mercury News reported that Anderson had been subpoenaed to testify before a federal grand jury investigating whether the Giants slugger committed perjury. Prosecutors also had subpoenaed Valente, who was sentenced last fall to three years' probation on steroid-distribution charges. E-mails seized by federal authorities identify Conte, the convicted BALCO founder, as a source in the San Francisco Chronicle's reporting on the steroids scandal, according to an online court filing that accidentally revealed confidential information. Judge Jeffrey White tells San Francisco Chronicle reporters Fainaru-Wada and Williams he will order them jailed for up to 18 months if they do not comply with his order to reveal their sources. Under the policy, players are not publicly identified for a first positive test for amphetamines. According to several sources, when first informed by the MLBPA of the positive test, Bonds attributed the positive result to a substance from locker of teammate Mark Sweeney. Bonds would later deny that he took amphetamines from Sweeney's locker. Attorney Kevin Ryan, who had been handling the investigation, resigns. He is replaced by Scott Schools. Performance Enhancing Drugs For Sports Essay Troy Ellerman, a defense attorney who had worked for Conte and Valente, admits in court papers that he allowed San Francisco Chronicle reporters Williams and Fainaru-Wada to view transcripts of the grand jury testimony of Bonds, Jason Giambi, Sheffield and sprinter Tim Montgomery. Court documents say Ellerman agrees to plead guilty, thus sparing the reporters prison time. Ellerman had represented Conte. - How do people misuse anabolic steroids?! - Barry Bonds steroids timeline; - Well Inane. Ellerman pleads guilty to obstructing justice by leaking secret grand jury documents to two reporters. The federal prosecutor says the plea concludes the government's probe of the leaks and the subpoenas of San Francisco Chronicle reporters Fainaru-Wada and Williams are withdrawn. Bonds started spring training with a pointed challenge to prosecutors: "Let them investigate. Let them, they've been doing it this long," Bonds said after his first workout of the year. Court records revealed former New York Mets clubhouse worker Kirk Radomski, who admitted selling performance-enhancing drugs to major league players, testified before the same grand jury investigating Bonds. Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay \| Bartleby Bonds surpasses Hank Aaron's all-time home run record, hitting his th against the Washington Nationals. Bonds finished the season with Fashion designer Marc Ecko revealed himself as winning bidder in the online auction for Bonds' th home run ball, announced he was taking votes on whether to give the ball to the Hall of Fame, brand it with an asterisk or blast it into space. Giants owner Peter Magowan informed Bonds that the slugger would not be signed to the team for the season. Bonds played his last game as a San Francisco Giant. Earlier in the day, Ecko said he would brand Bonds' record-breaking ball with an asterisk and send it to the Hall of Fame. Marion Jones pleaded guilty to lying to federal investigators when she denied using performance-enhancing drugs and announced her retirement. A federal grand jury in San Francisco indicts Bonds on four counts of perjury and one count of obstruction of justice. He is accused of lying when he said he didn't knowingly take steroids given to him by Anderson. He's also is accused of lying that Anderson never injected him with steroids. He is scheduled to appear in U. District Court in San Francisco on Dec. Anderson, who had been imprisoned for refusing to testify against Bonds, was ordered released. To help make this website better, to improve and personalize your experience and for advertising purposes, are you happy to accept cookies and other technologies? Bonds steroids timeline: d. Gauff, 15, beats Rybarikova to reach third round 10h. Rapinoe: 'I think I'm extremely American' 7h. Arise, 'Serandy'! Serena, Murray pairing puts all eyes on mixed doubles 3h D'Arcy Maine. Will Vikings rebound? Buffalo Bills. Playoff tiers: How many teams are still in the postseason race? Atlanta Braves. The blueprint to beating Jon Jones 3d Brett Okamoto. Altidore the attacking spark the U. Jamaica 20h Jeff Carlisle. Brazil are back! Why this squad is the best Selecao we've seen in a long time 10h Gabriele Marcotti. He went on to claim two Half Ironman triathlon titles by June of that year. Lance Armstrong's rise and fall — Armstrong addresses participants at the Livestrong Challenge Ride on October 21, , days after he stepped down as chairman of his Livestrong cancer charity. Lance Armstrong's rise and fall — International Cycling Union President Pat McQuaid announces the decision to strip Armstrong of his seven Tour de France wins and ban him from the tournament for life on October 22, Lance Armstrong's rise and fall — In January , Armstrong speaks with Oprah Winfrey about the controversy surrounding his cycling career. He admitted, unequivocally and for the first time, that he used performance-enhancing drugs while competing. Story highlights Lance Armstrong admits to using EPO, blood transfusions and testosterone EPO and blood transfusions increase red blood cell count to raise oxygen levels Armstrong is also accused of using cortiocosteroids to decrease inflammation. Lance Armstrong admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs in an interview with Oprah Winfrey that aired Thursday night. Did he use EPO? Human growth hormone? Illegal blood transfusions and other blood doping? Armstrong answered "yes" on all counts. In October, the U. Anti-Doping Agency released more than 1, pages of evidence in doping allegations against Armstrong and his teammates. He was stripped of his seven Tour de France titles in the scandal. On Thursday, the International Olympic Committee demanded that he give back the bronze medal he won in The charges against Armstrong are all too common in the cycling world. Cyclist Floyd Landis was stripped of his Tour de France title after failing a drug test. Eighty percent of the Tour de France medalists between and have been "similarly tainted by doping," according to the USADA report on Armstrong. More Videos Lance Armstrong admits doping McKinnon: Armstrong doping 'devastating' Armstrong could face more legal trouble Lance Armstrong plays Oprah card EPO, or erythropoietin, is a hormone naturally produced by human kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production, according to the World Anti-Doping Agency. Cyclists and other athletes use EPO to raise their red blood cell counts, which increases the amount of oxygen that can be delivered to muscles, improving recovery and endurance. Blood transfusions have a similar effect on the body's red blood cell count. Usually an athlete will store some of his blood when his hemoglobin levels are high, then reinfuse it right before an event. Both methods can have dangerous side effects. Increased levels of hemoglobin, which literally thickens the blood, can lead to complications with circulation, putting athletes at risk for cardiovascular problems. Corticosteroids are man-made drugs that resemble the natural hormone cortisol, according to the Cleveland Clinic. These are different from anabolic steroids, which athletes take to increase strength. The most common types are cortisone, prednisone and methylprednisolone. Cortisol is most commonly known as a stress hormone. Corticosteroids work to decrease inflammation that can cause swelling and pain, according to the Cleveland Clinic. They can be administered locally -- to the specific area that hurts -- or systemically through a pill or intravenously. The list of possible side effects for corticosteroids is long, including weight gain, sudden mood swings, blurred vision, osteoporosis and high blood pressure. Testosterone is a naturally occurring hormone that helps regulate bone density, fat distribution, muscle strength, red blood cell production and sex drive, according to the Mayo Clinic. It is found in both men and women; in men, it also helps to regulate sperm production. The side effects are similar to both blood doping and anabolic steroid use. Testosterone increases the body's red blood cell count, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease. Mood swings, muscle weakness and liver dysfunction are also common for both sexes with overuse. Using testosterone also shuts down the body's natural production of the hormone. This can cause the testicles to shrink in men, reducing sperm production. Cyclists say Armstrong's confession and calls to clean up the sport may lead to a new era.	http://ehonahyjabim.tk/creatures/banned-the-rise-and-fall-of-steroids.php
Los Angeles, California, U.S. \|Height\|\|5 ft 10 in (178 cm) \| \|Weight\|\|150 lb (68 kg) \| \|Sport\| \|Country\|\|United States\| \|Sport\|\|Track and field\| \|Event(s)\|\|100 meters, 200 meters, long jump\| Medal record Marion Lois Jones (born October 12, 1975), also known as Marion Jones-Thompson, is an American former world champion track and field athlete and former professional basketball player. She won three gold medals and two bronze medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, but was later stripped of her medals after admitting to steroid use. Jones was one of the most famous athletes to be linked to the BALCO scandal. The performance enhancing substance usage scandal covered more than 20 top level athletes, including Jones's ex-husband, shot putter C.J. Hunter, and 100 m sprinter Tim Montgomery, the father of Jones's first child. Jones has also played professional basketball in the WNBA, as point guard in the team of Tulsa Shock between 2010 and 2011. Marion Jones was born to George Jones and his wife, Marion, (originally from Belize) in Los Angeles, California. She holds dual citizenship with the United States and Belize. Her parents split when she was very young, and Jones's mother remarried a retired postal worker, Ira Toler, three years later. Toler became a stay-at-home dad to Jones and her older half-brother, Albert Kelly, until his sudden death in 1987. Jones turned to sports as an outlet for her grief: running, pickup basketball games, and anything else her brother Albert was doing athletically. By the age of 15, she was routinely dominating California high school athletics both on the track and the basketball court. Jones is also a 1997 graduate of the University of North Carolina (UNC). While there, she met and began dating one of the track coaches, shot putter C.J. Hunter. Hunter voluntarily resigned his position at UNC to comply with the requirements of university rules prohibiting coach-athlete dating. Jones and Hunter were married on October 3, 1998, and trained for the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics. In the run-up to the 2000 Olympics, Jones declared that she intended to win gold medals in all five of her competition events at Sydney. Jones's husband, C.J. Hunter, had withdrawn from the shot-put competition for a knee injury, though he was allowed to keep his coaching credentials and attend the games to support his wife. However, just hours after Marion Jones won her first of the planned five golds, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that Hunter had failed four pre-Olympic drug tests, testing positive each time for the banned anabolic steroid nandrolone. Hunter was immediately suspended from taking any role at the Sydney games, and he was ordered to surrender his on-field coaching credentials. At a press conference where Hunter broke down in tears, he denied taking any performance-enhancing drugs, much less the easily detected nandrolone (which showed up in all four tests in amounts over 1,000 times normal levels); Victor Conte of BALCO, who was regularly supplying "nutritional supplements" to athletes trained by Trevor Graham, blamed the test results on "an iron supplement" that contained nandrolone precursors and tied previous positive nandrolone tests from Jamaican sprinter Merlene Ottey and British sprinter Linford Christie to the same supplement. As late as 2004, Hunter was still denying the charges and attempting to gain access to the results to see if they could be analyzed further. Jones would later write in her autobiography, Marion Jones: Life in the Fast Lane, that Hunter's positive drug tests hurt their marriage and her image as a drug-free athlete. The couple divorced in 2002. On June 28, 2003, Jones gave birth to a son, Tim Montgomery Jr, with then-boyfriend Tim Montgomery, a world-class sprinter himself. Because of her pregnancy, Jones missed the 2003 World Championships but spent a year preparing for the 2004 Olympics. Montgomery, who did not qualify for the 2004 Olympic Track and Field team for poor performance, was charged by the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), as part of the investigation into the BALCO doping scandal, with receiving and using banned performance-enhancing drugs. The USADA sought a four-year suspension for Montgomery. Montgomery fought the ban but lost the appeal on December 13, 2005, receiving a two-year ban from track and field competition; the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) also stripped Montgomery of all race results, records and medals, from March 31, 2001, onward. Montgomery later announced his retirement. The investigation into Montgomery's illegal substance use once more called into question Jones's own protests about not using steroids and never having been tested positive for steroids, especially in light of former trainer Trevor Graham's increasingly visible role in the BALCO case. On February 24, 2007, Jones married Barbadian sprinter and 2000 Olympic 100m bronze medalist Obadele Thompson. Their first child together, a son named Ahmir, was born in June 2007. She gave birth to daughter Eva-Marie on June 28, 2009. In 2010, Jones released a book, On the Right Track: From Olympic Downfall to Finding Forgiveness and the Strength to Overcome and Succeed, published by Simon & Schuster. In high school, Jones won the CIF California State Meet in the 100 m sprint four years in a row, representing Rio Mesa the first two years and Thousand Oaks high school the last two. She was successfully defended by attorney Johnnie Cochran on charges of doping during her high school track career. She was selected the Gatorade Player of the Year for track and field three years in a row, once at Rio Mesa and twice at Thousand Oaks. Angela Burnham preceded her with the award at Rio Mesa, Kim Mortensen followed her with the award at Thousand Oaks. Those schools joined Jesuit High School (Sacramento) and Long Beach Polytechnic High School in having two athletes win the award. She was Track and Field News "High School Athlete of the Year" in 1991 and 1992. She was the third female athlete to achieve the title twice, immediately following Angela Burnham at Rio Mesa High School, who was the second to achieve the title twice. She was invited to participate in the 1992 Olympic trials, and, after her showing in the 200 meters finals, would have made the team as an alternate in the 4×100 meters relay, but she declined the invitation. After winning further statewide sprint titles, she accepted a full scholarship to the University of North Carolina in basketball, where she helped the team win the NCAA championship in her freshman year. Jones "red shirted" her 1996 basketball season to concentrate on track. Jones lost her spot on the 1996 Olympic team because of an injury. She excelled at her first major international competition, winning the 100 m sprint at the 1997 World Championships in Athens, while finishing 10th in the long jump. At the 1999 World Championships, Jones attempted to win four titles, but injured herself in the 200 m after a gold in the 100 m and a long jump bronze. At the Sydney Olympics, Jones finished with three gold medals (100- and 200-meter sprint, and 4 × 400 m relay) and two bronze medals (long jump and 4 × 100 m relay). However, she was later stripped of these medals after admitting that she had used performance-enhancing drugs. Her ex-husband Hunter, an Olympic shot-putter and confessed steroid user, testified under oath that he had seen her inject drugs into her stomach in the Olympic Village in Sydney. Jones vehemently denied using performance-enhancing drugs until her confession in 2007. A dominant force in women's sprinting, Jones was upset in the 100 m sprint at the 2001 World Championships, as Ukrainian Zhanna Pintusevich-Block beat her for her first loss in the event in six years; Pintusevich-Block was one of the names revealed by Victor Conte during the BALCO scandals. Jones, however, did claim the gold in both the 200 m and 4x100 m relay. On her 2004 Olympics experience, Jones said "It's extremely disappointing, words can't put it into perspective." She came in fifth in the Long Jump and competed in the women's 4x100 m relay where the team swept past the competition in the preliminaries only to miss a baton pass and finish last in the final race. Jones promised that her latest defeat would not be the end of her Olympic efforts, and reasserted in May 2005 that winning a gold medal at the 2008 Olympics remained her "ultimate goal." May 2006 saw Jones run 11.06 at altitude but into a headwind in her season debut and beat Veronica Campbell and Lauryn Williams in subsequent 100 m events. By July 8, 2006, Jones appeared to be in top form; she won the 100 m sprint at Gaz de France with a time of 10.93 seconds. It was her fastest time in almost four years. Three days later, Jones once more improved on her seasonal best time at the Rome IIAF Golden League (10.91 seconds), but lost to Jamaica's Sherone Simpson, who clocked 10.87. \|Date\|\|Event\|\|Venue\|\|Performance\| \|September 12, 1998\|\|100 m\|\|Johannesburg, South Africa\|\|10.65A\| \|August 22, 1999\|\|100 m\|\|Seville, Spain\|\|10.70\| \|September 11, 1998\|\|200 m\|\|Johannesburg, South Africa\|\|21.62A\| \|August 13, 1997\|\|200 m\|\|Zürich, Switzerland\|\|21.76\| \|April 22, 2001\|\|300 m\|\|Walnut, California\|\|35.68\| \|April 16, 2000\|\|400 m\|\|Walnut, California\|\|49.59\| \|May 31, 1998\|\|Long Jump\|\|Eugene, Oregon\|\|7.31 (23' 11¾")\| \|Year\|\|Competition\|\|Venue\|\|Position\|\|Event\|\|Notes\| \|Representing the United States\| \|1992\|\|World Junior Championships\|\|Seoul, South Korea\|\|5th\|\|100m\|\|11.58 (wind: +0.3 m/s)\| \|7th\|\|200m\|\|24.09 (wind: +0.3 m/s)\| \|2nd\|\|4 × 100 m relay\|\|44.51\| \|1997\|\|IAAF World Championships\|\|Athens, Greece\|\|1st\|\|100 m\|\|10.83\| \|10th\|\|Long Jump\|\|6.63 m\| \|1998\|\|IAAF World Cup\|\|Johannesburg, South Africa\|\|1st\|\|100 m\|\|10.65A\| \|1st\|\|200 m\|\|21.62A\| \|2nd\|\|Long Jump\|\|7.00A (22' 11¾")\| \|1999\|\|IAAF World Championships\|\|Sevilla, Spain\|\|1st\|\|100 m\|\|10.70\| \|3rd\|\|Long Jump\|\|6.83 (22 ft 5 in)\| \|2000\|\|2000 Summer Olympics\|\|Sydney, Australia\|\|dq\|\|100 m\|\|10.75\| \|dq\|\|200 m\|\|21.84\| \|dq\|\|Long Jump\|\|6.92 (22' 8½")\| \|2001\|\|IAAF World Championships\|\|Edmonton, Canada\|\|dq\|\|100 m\|\|10.85\| \|dq\|\|200 m\|\|22.39\| \|2002\|\|IAAF World Cup\|\|Madrid, Spain\|\|dq\|\|100 m\|\|10.90\| \|2004\|\|2004 Summer Olympics\|\|Athens, Greece\|\|dq\|\|Long Jump\|\|6.85 m\| \|dq\|\|4 x 400m\|\|DNF\| Source \|GP\|\|Games played\|\|GS\|\|Games started\|\|MPG\|\|Minutes per game\| \|FG%\|\|Field goal percentage\|\|3P%\|\|3-point field goal percentage\|\|FT%\|\|Free throw percentage\| \|RPG\|\|Rebounds per game\|\|APG\|\|Assists per game\|\|SPG\|\|Steals per game\| \|BPG\|\|Blocks per game\|\|PPG\|\|Points per game\|\|Bold\|\|Career high\| \|Year\|\|Team\|\|GP\|\|Points\|\|FG%\|\|3P%\|\|FT%\|\|RPG\|\|APG\|\|SPG\|\|BPG\|\|PPG\| \|93-94\|\|North Carolina\|\|35\|\|494\|\|52.9%\|\|28.0%\|\|71.3%\|\|4.1\|\|3.0\|\|3.2\|\|0.8\|\|14.1\| \|94-95\|\|North Carolina\|\|35\|\|628\|\|52.5%\|\|29.8%\|\|65.5%\|\|5.0\|\|4.8\|\|3.5\|\|0.9\|\|17.9\| \|95-96\|\|North Carolina\|\|redshirt\| \|96-97\|\|North Carolina\|\|32\|\|594\|\|53.6%\|\|26.7%\|\|65.7%\|\|4.7\|\|4.1\|\|3.1\|\|0.6\|\|18.6\| \|Career\|\|102\|\|1716\|\|53.0%\|\|28.4%\|\|67.0%\|\|4.6\|\|4.0\|\|3.3\|\|0.8\|\|16.8\| \|Personal information\| \|Born\|\|October 12, 1975\| Los Angeles, California \|Listed height\|\|5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)\| \|Listed weight\|\|150 lb (68 kg)\| \|Career information\| \|High school\|\| Thousand Oaks \| (Thousand Oaks, California) \|College\|\|North Carolina (1993–1997)\| \|WNBA draft\|\|2003 / Round: 3 / Pick: 33rd overall\| \|Selected by the Phoenix Mercury\| \|Playing career\|\|2010–2011\| \|Position\|\|Point guard\| \|Number\|\|20\| \|Career history\| \|2010–2011\|\|Tulsa Shock\| \|Career highlights and awards\| In November 2009, Jones was working out for the San Antonio Silver Stars of the WNBA. She had played basketball while in college at the University of North Carolina, where her team won the national championship in 1994. Her No. 20 jersey, honored by the school, hangs in Carmichael Auditorium. She had been selected in the 3rd round of the 2003 WNBA draft by the Phoenix Mercury. On March 10, 2010, the Tulsa Shock announced that Jones had signed to play with the team, making the professional minimum (about $35,000) in her first season. Jones made her debut on May 15, in the Shock's inaugural game at the BOK Center against the Minnesota Lynx. In 47 WNBA games, Jones averaged 2.6 points and 1.3 rebounds per game. Jones was waived by the Shock on July 21, 2011. Jones appears in the 2003 film Top Speed, along with other speed specialists such as racing driver Lucas Luhr, mountain biker Marla Streb, and Porsche Cayenne designer Stephen Murkett. Directed by Greg MacGillivray and shot in IMAX format, the film covers details from races to mistakes she made within her performances. Throughout most of her athletic career including two Olympiads and several championship meets, Jones had been accused, either outright or by implication, of taking performance-enhancing drugs. These accusations began in high school in the early 1990s, when she missed a random drug test and was consequently banned for four years from track and field competition. Jones claimed that she never received the letter notifying her of the required test; and attorney Johnnie Cochran successfully got the four-year ban overturned. Jones tended to train with both coaches and athletes who themselves were dogged by rumors and accusations surrounding performance-enhancing drugs. And until 2007, Jones denied—in almost every way possible and in almost any venue where the question arose—ever being involved with performance enhancers in any way. She frequently said that she had never tested positive for performance-enhancing substances; in her autobiography, she blamed the 2002 breakup of her marriage to C.J. Hunter in part on the fact that Hunter had tested positive for steroids four times before the 2000 Olympics, tainting her own drug-free image. On December 3, 2004, Victor Conte, the founder of BALCO, appeared in an interview with Martin Bashir on ABC's 20/20 . In the interview, Conte told a national audience that he had personally given Jones four different illegal performance-enhancing drugs before, during, and after the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. In the course of investigative research, San Francisco based reporters Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada reported Jones had received banned drugs from BALCO, citing documentary evidence and testimony from Jones's ex-husband C.J. Hunter, who claims to have seen Jones inject herself in the stomach with the steroids. According to Hunter's 2004 testimony before a federal grand jury, Jones's use of banned drugs began well before Sydney. Hunter told the investigators that Jones first obtained EPO (Erythropoietin) from Graham, who Hunter said had a Mexican connection for the drug. Later, Hunter said, Graham met Conte, who began providing the coach with BALCO "nutritional supplements", which were actually an experimental class of "designer" steroids said to be undetectable by any drug screening procedures available at the time. Graham then distributed the performance enhancers to Jones and other Sprint Capitol athletes. Still later, Hunter told federal agents, Jones began receiving drugs directly from Conte. Jones had never failed a drug test using the then-existing testing procedures, and insufficient evidence was found to bring charges regarding other untested performance-enhancing drugs. The Washington Post , citing unidentified sources with knowledge of drug results from the USA Track and Field Championships in Indianapolis, Indiana, reported that on June 23, 2006, an "A" sample of Marion Jones's urine tested positive for Erythropoietin (EPO), a banned performance enhancer. Jones withdrew from the Weltklasse Golden League meet in Switzerland, citing "personal reasons", and once more denied using performance-enhancing drugs. She retained lawyer Howard Jacobs, who had represented many athletes in doping cases, including Tim Montgomery and cyclist Floyd Landis. On September 6, 2006, Jones's lawyers announced that her "B" sample had tested negative, which cleared her from the doping allegations. On October 5, 2007, Jones admitted to lying to federal agents under oath about her steroids use prior to the 2000 Summer Olympics and pleaded guilty at the US District Court for the Southern District of New York (in White Plains). She confessed to Judge Kenneth M. Karas that she had made false statements regarding the BALCO and a check-fraud case. She was released on her own recognizance but was required to surrender both her U.S. and Belizean passports, pending sentencing in January. Although a maximum sentence of 5 years could be imposed, the prosecution recommended no more than six months as part of Jones's plea bargain. After her admission, Jones held a press conference on the same day, where she publicly admitted to using steroids before the Olympics and acknowledged that she had, in fact, lied when she previously denied steroid use in statements to the press, to various sports agencies, and to two grand juries. One was impaneled to investigate the BALCO "designer steroid" ring, and the other was impaneled to investigate a check fraud ring involving many of the same parties from the BALCO case. As a result of these admissions, Jones accepted a two-year suspension from track and field competition issued by USADA and announced her retirement from track and field. She broke down into tears during the press conference as she apologized for her actions, saying: "And so it is with a great amount of shame, that I stand before you and tell you that I have betrayed your trust... and you have the right to be angry with me. I have let them down. I have let my country down. And I have let myself down." USADA stated that their sanction "also requires disqualification of all her competitive results obtained after September 1, 2000, and forfeiture of all medals, results, points and prizes". On January 11, 2008, Jones was sentenced to six months in jail. She began her sentence on March 7, 2008, and was released on September 5, 2008. In the BALCO case, she had denied to federal agents her use of the steroid Tetrahydrogestrinone, known as "The Clear", or "THG", from 1999, but claimed she was given the impression she was taking a flaxseed oil supplement for two years while coach Trevor Graham supplied her with the substance. In a published letter, Jones said she had used steroids until she stopped training with Graham at the end of 2002. She said she lied when federal agents questioned her in 2003 because she panicked when they presented her with a sample of "The Clear". Peter Ueberroth, Chairman of the US Olympic Committee, reacted to the news of Jones's confession and guilty plea on perjury charges by issuing a statement calling on Jones to "immediately step forward and return the Olympic medals she won while competing in violation of the rules". Ueberroth added that her admission was "long overdue and underscores the shame and dishonor that are inherent with cheating." IAAF president Lamine Diack said in a statement: "Marion Jones will be remembered as one of the biggest frauds in sporting history." On October 8, 2007, a source confirmed that Marion Jones surrendered her five medals from the 2000 Summer Olympics. On the same day, Ueberroth said that all the relay medals should be returned, and on April 10, 2008, the IOC voted to strip Jones' relay teammates of their medals as well, although this decision would successfully be appealed by seven of Jones' teammates and overturned in 2010. On December 12, 2007, the IOC formally stripped Jones of all five Olympic medals dating back to September 2000, and banned her from attending the 2008 Summer Olympics in any capacity. The IOC action also officially disqualified Jones from her fifth-place finish in the Long Jump at the 2004 Summer Olympics. On October 28, 2008, Jones was interviewed by Oprah Winfrey and stated that she would have won gold at the Sydney Olympics without the drugs that led to her disgrace. Seven years after winning a women's record five Olympic track and field medals and receiving multimillion-dollar endorsement deals, Jones was broke. According to the Associated Press, Jones was heavily in debt and fighting off court judgments, according to court records reviewed by the Los Angeles Times . In 2006, a bank foreclosed on her $2.5-million mansion near Chapel Hill, North Carolina, where Michael Jordan was a neighbor. She was also forced to sell two other properties, including her mother's house, to raise money. In her prime, Jones was one of track's first female sports millionaires, typically earning between $70,000 and $80,000 a race, plus at least another $1 million from race bonuses and endorsement deals. In July 2006, Jones was linked to a check-counterfeiting scheme that led to criminal charges against her coach and former boyfriend Montgomery. Documents showed that a $25,000 check made out to Jones was deposited in her bank account as part of the alleged multimillion-dollar scheme. Prosecutors alleged that funds were sent to Jones' track coach, 1976 Olympic gold medalist Steve Riddick, in Virginia, then funneled back to New York through a network of "friends, relatives and associates." Riddick was arrested in February on money-laundering charges. According to the indictment and subsequent documents filed with the court, the link to Jones was made through one of Riddick's business partners, Nathaniel Alexander. On October 5, 2007, Jones pleaded guilty to making false statements to IRS Special Agent Jeff Novitzky leading the ongoing BALCO investigation in California. Jones claimed she had never taken performance-enhancing drugs. "That was a lie, your honor," she said from the defense table. The federal government, through grand juries, had been investigating steroid abuse since 2003. Jones also pleaded guilty to making false statements about her knowledge of a check-cashing scheme to New York U.S. Department of Homeland Security Special Agent Erik Rosenblatt, who has been leading a broad financial investigation that has already convicted Montgomery, sports agent Charles Wells, and her coach, Steve Riddick. Prosecutors told U.S. District Judge Kenneth Karas that any sentence between probation and six months' imprisonment would be fair (with the maximum penalty being five years in prison); Karas responded by seeking advice as to whether he could go beyond the six-month sentence. Meanwhile, Jones's lawyers asked that her penalty be limited to probation and community service, arguing, in part, that she had been punished enough by apologizing publicly, retiring from track and field, and relinquishing her five Olympic medals. On January 11, 2008, Karas sentenced Jones to six months in jail for her involvement in the check fraud case and her use of performance-enhancing drugs. During the sentencing hearing, the judge admonished her, saying that she knew what she was doing and would be punished accordingly. "The offenses here are serious. They each involve lies made three years apart," Karas said, adding that Jones's actions were "not a one-off mistake...but a repetition in an attempt to break the law." Jones was ordered to surrender on March 15, 2008. She reported four days early, on March 11, at the Federal Medical Center, Carswell prison in Fort Worth and was assigned Federal Bureau of Prisons register no. 84868–054. She was released from prison on September 5, 2008. Timothy Montgomery is an American former track sprinter who specialized in the 100-meter dash. In 2005, he was stripped of his records—including a now-void men's 100-meter world record of 9.78 seconds set in 2002—after being found guilty of using performance-enhancing drugs as a central figure in the BALCO scandal. Since retiring from athletics, he has been tried and convicted for his part in a New York-based check fraud scheme and for dealing heroin in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia. Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), known by the nickname The Clear, is a synthetic and orally active anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) which was never marketed for medical use. It was developed by Patrick Arnold and was used by a number of high-profile athletes such as Marion Jones, Barry Bonds, and Dwain Chambers. The 8th World Championships in Athletics, under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada between 3 August and 12 August and was the first time the event had visited North America. The music for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies was composed by Canadian composers Jan Randall and Cassius Khan. The ceremonies also featured a 1000 voice choir, and the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra. The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) (1984–2003) was an American company led by founder and owner Victor Conte. In 2003, journalists Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada investigated the company's role in a drug sports scandal later referred to as the BALCO Affair. BALCO marketed tetrahydrogestrinone, a then-undetected, performance-enhancing steroid developed by chemist Patrick Arnold. Conte, BALCO vice president James Valente, weight trainer Greg Anderson and coach Remi Korchemny had supplied a number of high-profile sports stars from the United States and Europe with "the Clear" and human growth hormone for several years. Ekaterini Thanou, also known as Katerina Thanou, is a Greek former sprinter. She won numerous medals in the 100 metres, including an Olympic silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, while she was the 2002 European champion in Munich, Germany. She had also been crowned world and European champion in the 60 metres at the indoor championships. Victor Conte Jr. is a former bassist with Tower of Power and the founder and president of Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO), a sports nutrition center in California. He served time in prison in 2005 after pleading guilty to conspiracy to distribute steroids and money laundering. He currently operates Scientific Nutrition for Advanced Conditioning. Charles Merrick Francis was a Canadian Olympic sprinter and sprint coach most noteworthy for being the trainer of sprinter Ben Johnson, the first competitor to be stripped of an Olympic gold medal for using banned drugs, and sprinters Angella Issajenko, Mark McKoy, and Desai Williams. Francis was banned by Athletics Canada following his admissions at the 1989 Dubin inquiry that he had introduced Johnson to steroids. Antonio Pettigrew was an American sprinter who specialized in the 400 meters. The 4 × 100 metres relay or sprint relay is an athletics track event run in lanes over one lap of the track with four runners completing 100 metres each. The first runners must begin in the same stagger as for the individual 400 m race. Each runner carries a relay baton. Before 2018, the baton had to be passed within a 20 m changeover box, preceded by a 10-metre acceleration zone. With a rule change effective November 1, 2017, that zone was modified to include the acceleration zone as part of the passing zone, making the entire zone 30 metres in length. The outgoing runner cannot touch the baton until it has entered the zone, and the incoming runner cannot touch it after it has left the zone. The zone is usually marked in yellow, frequently using lines, triangles or chevrons. While the rule book specifies the exact positioning of the marks, the colours and style are only "recommended". While most legacy tracks will still have the older markings, the rule change still uses existing marks. Not all governing body jurisdictions have adopted the rule change. Kelli White is an American former sprinter. She won two gold medals in the World Championships in Paris in 2003. However, on June 18, 2004, she was stripped of her medals, because she tested positive on a drug test. She retired from professional track in 2006. Torri Edwards is an American sprinter. She competes in 100 and 200 meters, winning an Olympic medal in 4×100-meter relay in 2000. In 2003, she won six medals in major international competitions, including one World Championship gold. Edwards competed in the 100 m at the 2008 Olympic Games. Trevor Graham is a Jamaican-born American former sprinter and athletics coach. Following the BALCO scandal, the US Olympic Committee barred him indefinitely from all its training sites. Cottrell James Hunter III was an American shot putter and coach. He was the 1999 World Champion, but is perhaps best known for his involvement in the BALCO scandal and as the onetime spouse of sprinter Marion Jones. His personal best was 71' 9", (21.87 m) thrown during a 2nd-place finish in the 2000 US Olympic Trials. A month later he was tested positive for the performance-enhancing steroid Nandrolone at the Bislett Games, which was revealed before he had been scheduled to compete in the 2000 Summer Olympics. He had previously competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, finishing seventh. Chryste Dionne Gaines is an American Olympic athlete who competed mainly in the sprints. The BALCO scandal was a scandal involving the use of banned, performance-enhancing substances by professional athletes. The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) was a San Francisco Bay Area business which supplied anabolic steroids to professional athletes. The incident surrounds a 2002 US federal government investigation of the laboratory. Jeff Novitzky is the current Senior Vice President of Athlete Health and Performance for the UFC, the world's largest mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion. He previously served as a special agent for the Food and Drug Administration, investigating the use of steroids in professional sports. Before April 2008 he was a special agent for the Internal Revenue Service who investigated the use of steroids for over five years. Novitzky's work has been credited with "changing the face of sports." In 2010 there was no obvious, primary athletics championship, as neither the Summer Olympics nor the World Championships in Athletics occurred in the year. The foremost championships to be held in 2010 included: the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships, 2010 European Athletics Championships, 2010 African Championships in Athletics, and Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Tammy Thomas is an American former sprint track cyclist, who won a silver medal at the 2001 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in the individual sprint event. However, her career was ended after she was caught using anabolic steroids. The 4×100 metres relay at the World Championships in Athletics has been contested by both men and women since the inaugural edition in 1983. It is the second most prestigious title in the discipline after the 4×100 metres relay at the Olympics. The competition format typically has one qualifying round leading to a final between eight teams. As of 2015, nations can qualify for the competition through a top eight finish at the previous IAAF World Relays event, with the remaining teams coming through the more traditional route of ranking highly on time in the seasonal lists.	https://wikimili.com/en/Marion_Jones
Jenrry Mejia, Mets relief pitcher Jenrry Mejia was suspended for 80 games for using performance-enhancing drugs, Major League Baseball announced on Saturday. ( (AP Photo \| Tony Gutierrez)) There has been a rash of positive tests for the steroid Stanozolol of late. Four players have been suspended for using it since March 27 alone. Saturday, Mets closer Jenrry Mejia was the latest. Here is a primer on it: • It was the developed in the 1960s and has been used by athletes for performance-enhancing reasons. Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson was stripped of his gold medal in the 1988 Olympics after testing positive for it. Several other track athletes have lost their medals in various competitions too. • It seems to be an old-generation drug that's quite potent and has popped up again. "The question is how do they think they can take stanozolol and not test positive?," BALCO founder Victor Conte told the New York Daily News. "You can beat a test much easier with fast-acting testosterone. No one who knows they're going to be tested these days should knowingly take this." • Rafael Palmeiro tested positive for it in 2005. Even then, it seemed to be surprising that was the drug he was caught for. The Associated Press quoted Dr. Charles Yesalis, of Penn State, as saying "No tested athlete in their right mind should be using that drug." • Four pitchers have tested positive for it in the last two weeks: Mejia, Twins starter Ervin Santana, Mariners pitcher David Rollins and Braves pitcher Arodys Vizcaino. • Major League Baseball comissioner Rob Manfred is not ready to assume a reason why yet. "The thing you need to remember is that the players might not be aware of the exact substance they are using," Manfred told the New York Times. "I'm sure they knew it was a performance-enhancing substance, but whether they knew it was testosterone or Stanozolol, I don't know. The possibility I'm raising is that they are getting advice from someone, and it's bad advice." 2015 Season • Matt Harvey is back for the Mets...What if he's better too? • Why Does Sandy Alderson Keep Making Jokes About The Mets And Himself? • Why does Matt Harvey give the Mets some 'sizzle'? Did you see how he dominated the Nationals Mike Vorkunov may be reached at [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter @Mike_Vorkunov. Find NJ.com Mets on Facebook.	https://www.nj.com/mets/2015/04/what_is_stanozolol_the_drug_jenrry_mejia_and_ervin.html
BERLIN - Allegations of Russian doping at the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics would represent a shocking new dimension and an "unprecedented level of criminality" if proven to be true, International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach said on Wednesday. Russia is at the heart of the biggest doping scandal in sport, with its track-and-field athletes suspended as a result of a probe into accusations of widespread doping and their participation at this year's Rio Olympics in doubt. Citing the former head of Russia's anti-doping agency, the New York Times reported last week that Russian anti-doping experts and members of the intelligence services secretly broke into tamper-proof bottles to replace urine samples tainted by performance-enhancing drugs with clean urine collected earlier. "If these allegations are true we will hold everybody responsible who is implicated and there are different kinds of actions that are possible," Bach said in a conference call, citing possible bans or fines for athletes up to entire federations being excluded from the Games. The Kremlin dismissed the allegations that Russia ran a sophisticated doping program at the 2014 Games at the Russian resort as treacherous slander, calling former agency head Grigory Rodchenkov "a turncoat." The New York Times report was broadly consistent with accusations of the independent World Anti-Doping Agency commission last November of widespread state-sponsored doping in Russia, which led to a ban on the country competing in international athletics competitions. WADA is now investigating the new allegations over Sochi, while the U.S. Justice Department has opened an investigation into the accusations of state-sponsored doping. "Should the investigation prove the allegations true it would represent a shocking new dimension in doping with an, until now, unprecedented level of criminality," Bach said. "I would like to call on those who may have information to come forward to WADA and to come forward today so as to enable WADA then to come to a result which shows the full picture. We can then make a real judgment to which degree these allegations are true." SAMPLES TESTED Adding to the questions over doping, the IOC said on Wednesday up to 31 athletes could be banned from Rio 2016 following re-tests using newer methods of doping samples from the Beijing Olympics in 2008. Bach said if any medalist was among those 31 there would not be any automatic reallocation of medals without those athletes also being retested. The names of the 31 athletes are expected to be announced in early June. The IOC also ordered some 250 retests from London 2012 this week, the results of which are expected within seven days. The world athletics organization, the IAAF, meets on June 17 to discuss the participation of Russian track-and-field athletes in Rio. Bach said Russian athletes would also possibly need to prove they were clean to compete in Rio. "The results of the WADA investigation will also greatly influence the nature of the participation of Russian athletes in the Olympic Games Rio 2016," Bach said. "Should there be evidence of an organized system contaminating other sports, the international federations and the IOC would have to make the difficult decision between collective responsibility and individual justice. "This could mean that concerned athletes would have to demonstrate that their international and independently proven test record is compliant with the rules of their International Federation and the World Anti-Doping Code," Bach said. Russia's Sports Ministry said on Wednesday it fully supported actions by the IOC to bar athletes who dope from competitions, but said clean athletes should not be excluded from the Rio Games. However, the Kremlin said it did not accept the application of U.S. justice outside Washington's jurisdiction. - Previously: * Secret To Success: A Derby Win And Racing's Doping Addiction. * Why It's So Hard To Catch Track-And-Field Cheaters. * How Russia Hid Its Doping In Plain Sight.	http://www.beachwoodreporter.com/sports/ioc_sochi_doping_allegations_c.php
USADA announced today that an independent arbitrator has rendered a decision in the case of UFC® athlete Gilbert Melendez, of Brisbane, Calif., and determined that Melendez should receive a two-year period of ineligibility for his anti-doping policy violation, precluding him from competing in any UFC bouts. This decision comes after the facts of the case were presented and argued. Melendez, 38, tested positive for GHRP-6 and its metabolites GHRP-6(2-5)-OH and GHRP-6(2-6)-OH as the result of a urine sample collected out-of-competition on October 16, 2019. GHRP-6 is a non-Specified Substance in the class of Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, and Mimetics, and is prohibited at all times under the UFC Anti-Doping Policy and UFC Prohibited List. While Melendez did not contest the presence of GHRP-6 and its metabolites in his sample nor identify a source of the prohibited peptide, he did challenge USADA’s jurisdiction to conduct the test. The arbitrator concluded that USADA did have jurisdiction to both conduct the test and allege an anti-doping policy violation in the event of a positive sample, as was the case. Melendez’s two-year period of ineligibility began on November 1, 2019, the date his provisional suspension was imposed. The jurisdictional and merits awards can be found here, along with all other UFC Anti-Doping Policy arbitral decisions. USADA conducts the year-round, independent anti-doping program for all UFC athletes. USADA is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental agency whose sole mission is to preserve the integrity of competition, inspire true sport, and protect the rights of clean athletes. In an effort to aid UFC athletes, as well as their support team members, in understanding the rules applicable to them, USADA provides comprehensive instruction on the UFC Anti-Doping Program website (https://UFC.USADA.org) regarding the testing process and prohibited substances, how to obtain permission to use a necessary medication, and the risks and dangers of taking supplements, as well as performance-enhancing and recreational drugs. In addition, the agency manages a drug reference hotline, Drug Reference Online (https://UFC.GlobalDRO.com), conducts educational sessions, and proactively distributes a multitude of educational materials, such as the Prohibited List, easy-reference wallet cards, and periodic athlete alerts. Many of the resources available to athletes are provided in multiple languages, including Russian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Korean, and Japanese. Along with education and testing, robust anti-doping programs enable investigations stemming from tips and whistleblowers. USADA makes available a number of ways to report the abuse of performance-enhancing drugs in sport in an effort to protect clean athletes and promote clean competition. Any tip can be reported using the USADA Play Clean Tip Center, by email at [email protected], by phone at 1 877-Play Clean (1-877-752-9253), or by mail. For more information or media inquiries, email [email protected].	https://ufc.usada.org/arbitrator-imposes-two-year-sanction-gilbert-melendez/
Countries convened to discuss digital transformation issues and the application to services of technologies such as AI and digital identity. The UK has hosted a meeting with global government leaders to discuss issues relating to digital transformation and the evolution of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data and digital identity regarding the design of online government services. Led by digital minister Chris Philp on 18 November, the virtual meeting was attended by his counterparts from Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal, Republic of Korea and Uruguay. According to the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) the goal of the international summit was to debate how the use of technology can be advanced to tackle challenges such as the pandemic, climate change, exclusion and inequality. The technical design of digital government services was among the topics of the meeting, which was followed by the release of a joint statement from the nations involved around their commitments to digitisation and using tech to enhance relations between governments and citizens and drive social impact. “The past 18 months have proven that digital transformation is no longer a ‘nice-to-have’, but an essential tool with the potential to improve lives by building more efficient and innovative public services,” said Philp, adding that the UK is focused on “harnessing the latest technology to deliver more on people’s priorities and level up the country”. At the meeting, Philp mentioned ongoing initiatives in the digital front in the UK, in areas such as online services delivered through Gov.uk and digital identity. Last month, the government launched a search for a technology supplier to develop a new common digital identity check for access to government services. In addition, the digital minister talked about the National AI Strategy, published in September, as another example of initiatives around increasing the transparency of algorithmic-driven decisions in the public sector while boosting AI skills development in government. Read more about digital government - State and local government technology revs digital services. - Digital public services fail UK citizens on multiple fronts. - Do we really want a single digital identity system to access government services? The joint ministerial statement outlined the principles guiding the collective working intentions of the participating countries around digital government. On the use of algorithms, algorithmic decision-making and AI, the countries state the importance of fostering responsible AI development and use in government, while developing skills in the public sector to do so. The document also acknowledged the risks inherent to AI: “We recognise the need to ensure public confidence through proper management of the potential risks, considering factors such as AI bias, algorithmic transparency, ethical and other safeguards, and data management, among others,” it said. Similarly, the statement reinforces the roles of data as a “vital asset” for governments globally, and stressed “the potential of responsible data use, which effectively balances considerations including public trust, privacy, security and innovation”. On digital identity, the leaders noted technology in that field is central to the transformation of public services and can also contribute to enhancing security and driving inclusion. Conversely, the leaders “recognise the importance of effective governance and putting in place the right frameworks to ensure public confidence in digital identity solutions, protect privacy and data, and promote transparency and inclusion”. Driving inclusive innovation is another shared aim outlined in the statement, as countries committed to implementing policies to reduce the digital divide issue. This includes enhancing digital infrastructure to reach underserved communities, building digital skills and digital confidence, and designing for accessibility. The commitments from the digital ministers include better use of data, digital tools and technologies to reduce the environmental impact of governments’ own operations. Moreover, the group noted “there is a need to identify and manage potential sustainability risks associated with digital tools and technologies” and cooperate to reduce the carbon footprint of the lifecycle of hardware and software products.	https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252509790/UK-holds-international-digital-government-conference
Invest Educ Enferm. Conclusion Ethical issues, conflicting values, and ambiguity in decision making, are recurrently emerging from literature review on nursing research. See for example several such documents from the University of Michigan. Your comment: The different opinions about their participation in research can be attributed to their inability to give an informed consent and also to their need for further protection and sensitivity from the researcher as they are in a greater risk of being deceived, threatened or forced to participate. Most people learn ethical norms at home, at school, in church, or in other social settings. Nursing Times, 1989; 85 23: Researchers must also adhere to ethical standards in order for the public to support and believe in the research. Louis, MO: In the case of this population the risks prisoners are asked to undertake should be comparable to what a non-prisoner population is asked to undertake. This concept means doing good, and incorporates an implied sense that there is an obligation to do good, that is, to benefit the subjects of research. If the director of a lab is named as an author on every paper that comes from his lab, even if he does not make a significant contribution, what could be wrong with that? They support important social and moral values, such as the principle of doing no harm to others. Consider the following case:. Home Teach Research. Hoyle, R. Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole. Ethical lapses in research can significantly harm human and animal subjects, students, and the public. Basic steps in planning Nursing Research. Using the Medline and the Nursing Cinahl data base, the most important ethical issues which appear in bibliography, will be addressed. This pin will expire , on Change This pin never expires. Give proper acknowledgement or credit for all contributions to research. Integrating science and ethics in research with high risk children and youth. Page Options Share Email Link. Ethics in Research - The Web Center for Social Research Methods - Some of the key terminology associated with research ethics are described on this site, as well as a brief history of ethical considerations in research. This is especially important when considering issues related to data sharing, co-authorship, copyright guidelines, confidentiality, and many other issues. The question has arisen as to whether IRBs should review the quality of proposals, or limit themselves to areas of human subject protection. Jameton A. Most condition their responses according to the seriousness of the research, the level of potential risk and the availability of alternatives.	http://toddseimerphotography.com/sport/what-ethical-considerations-for-research.php
Thefirst moral principle is informed consent, including … The CIOMS guidelines draw a distinction between epidemiologic research and routine practice (for example, outbreak investigations and public health surveillance) and consider some of the issues associated with obtaining informed consent in epidemiologic studies. There is always the challenge in studying free-living individuals in the modern society, of balancing the needs for robust methods … NA. Abstract. But such an approach would have several disadvantages. This commentary explores ethical issues arising in human genome epidemiology by using a case study approach based on the ongoing Japanese American Family Study at the University of Washington in Seattle (1994-2003). 128 First, while the CIOMS 2002 guidelines are familiar to many ethical … Find out if the study is an epidemiological study; If it is an epidemiological study, dismiss its findings; Some may find this approach closed-minded, unfair, or lazy, but I come by this practice honestly. Epidemiological and human exposure research provide an important means to collect information that is critical to meeting the goal of protecting human health. Abstract PDF/EPUB Chapter 6 Ethics … Steven S. Coughlin. Therefive ethical guidelines for investigation of the epidemiology thatare used to study ethical issues in epidemiological research. Steven S. Coughlin. Ethical issues encountered in designing the study, collecting the data, and reporting the study … Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Chapter 4 Ethically Optimized Study Designs in Epidemiology. Prior to the starting of any epidemiological research, written or informed consent is usually obtained (when the study has to do with human subjects), and in the case of medical research involving animal subjects, ethical issues arising in the study must be properly reviewed and ethical clearance approved for the study by the ethical … NA. Due to the nature of this type of research, there are many potential issues … [Although there is some overlap between standards of practice and ethics guidelines, standards of practice deal more directly with accepted norms for the proper scientific design, conduct, and analysis of epidemiologic studies and do not cover all important ethical issues… Ethical Issues in Epidemiological Studies •Consent from community & Community participation •Inducements are not permissible •All risks involved –explained to individual & community •Maintaining confidentiality •Minimize harm, maximum benefit for individuals and communities taking part in study Specific ethical issues arising in epidemiologic research and public health … There are several major ethical issues that face an epidemiological study. Allow me to explain, using this 2012 study … 125 epidemiological studies to be designed and reviewed under the 2002 document, and to 126 restrict the current guidelines to the unique features of observational epidemiological 127 studies. Abstract PDF/EPUB Chapter 5 Ethical Issues in Epidemiologic Research and Public Health Practice. Abstract. Chaos Break Wiki , Wind Direction In Kuwait , Averett University Baseball , My Little Pony: Magic Princess , Bvi Travel Restrictions 2020 , Fidelity Online Banking ,	https://seersclub.org/c5wwac3j/e305f9-ethical-issues-in-epidemiological-studies
Citations of: Add citationsYou must login to add citations. \| \| \| \| Liberal societies are characterized by respect for a fundamental value pluralism; i.e., respect for individuals’ rights to live by their own conception of the good. Still, the state must make decisions that privilege some values at the cost of others. When public ethics committees give substantial ethical advice on policy related issues, it is therefore important that this advice is well justified. The use of explicit tools for ethical assessment can contribute to justifying advice. In this article, I will discuss (...) \| \| The ethical matrix approach was developed by Prof Ben Mepham and his colleagues at the University of Nottingham in the early 1990s. Since then the approach has received increasing attention and has been used by several researchers in different projects related to assessing ethical impacts of different food production technologies and other policy options of societal concern. The ethical matrix is sometimes understood simply as a checklist of ethical concerns, but might also be seen as a guide to coming to (...) \| \| The Ethical Matrix was developed to help decision-makers explore the ethical issues raised by agri-food biotechnologies. Over the decade since its inception the Ethical Matrix has been used by a number of organizations and the philosophical basis of the framework has been discussed and analyzed extensively. The role of tools such as the Ethical Matrix in public policy decision-making has received increasing attention. In order to further develop the methodological aspects of the Ethical Matrix method, work was carried out to (...) \| \| A plethora of ethical issues in livestock agriculture has emerged to public attention in recent decades, of which environmental and animal welfare concerns are but two, albeit prominent, themes. For livestock agriculture to be considered sustainable, somehow these interconnected themes need to be addressed. Ethical debate on these issues has been extensive, but mostly started from and focused on single issues. The views of farmers in these debates have been largely absent, or merely figured as interests, instead of being considered (...) \| \| The ethical issues raised by aquaculture were analyzed. A modification of the Ethical Matrix of the Food Ethics Council for the evaluation of novel foods was used; the Ethical Matrix was changed in order to include the various aquaculture production stages separately. The following stages were distinguished: the breeding stage, the growth/feeding stage, the “other-handling” stage (that includes disease and treatment, transportation of organisms, killing procedure, and DNA vaccinations), and the commercialization stage. The ethical issues concerning the producers, the consumers, (...) \| \| The approach to innovations known as Responsible research and innovation aims to move the innovation system towards creating products that strive to realize social values along with economic benefits. This paper discusses the systematic assessment of assistive technologies in order for them to meet the aims expressed in RRI. A central issue in the discussion is how to facilitate an integration of insights from the discourse on RRI with more established assessment approaches such as Health Technology Assessment. Based on the (...) No categories \| \| During the past few decades, the global food system has confronted new sustainability challenges related not only to public health and the environment but also to ethical concerns over the treatment of farmed animals. However, the traditional threedimensional framework of sustainable development is ill equipped to take ethical concerns related to non-human animals into account. For instance, the interests of farmed animals are often overridden by objectives associated with social, economic or environmental sustainability, despite their vast numbers and influence on (...) \| \| In this paper the claim is made that the new turn to ethics brings about a need to develop a toolbox for practical ethics that makes ethical advice amenable to quality assurance and democratic transparency. This is of great importance when ethical advice is given to policy-making bodies. The mechanism of providing ethical advice through the establishment of an ethics committee is discussed. An analysis of what would follow from conceiving of the work of such a committee as an exercise (...) \| \| The global seafood industry is a vital source of food, income, livelihoods, and culture. Seafood demand is steadily rising due to growth in the global human population, affluence, and per capita consumption. Seafood supply is also growing, despite declining wild fish stocks, with phenomenal advances in aquaculture, that is, the cultivation of aquatic organisms. Aquaculture supplied 42 % of the world’s fish in 2012 and is forecast to eclipse capture fisheries production by 2030. The balance between these two seafood production (...) \| \| Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of lethal inherited neurodegenerative disorders in humans and many animal species. Critical reflections on a range of ethical issues concerning NCL have been instigated by my research on sheep and cattle affected with NCL, the claim that these sheep and cattle are useful models for the disease in humans, and engagement with families and support groups. My reflections on moral status of animals and validity of animal models are outlined in this paper. \| \| An ethical matrix is a method—or tool—for carrying out an ethical assessment of technology and policy options. This paper describes the ethical matrix method and applies it to the example of GM rape seed. It is argued that added public legitimacy is achieved when the matrix method is used in a participatory process.	https://philpapers.org/citations/KAIAF
Experiential therapy is not a new concept. The idea of experiential therapy has been around for decades. However, it’s only recently that the mental health world has begun to take notice and embrace experiential therapy as an effective means to treat addiction and mental illness. Experiential Therapy centers on helping patients confront their problems head-on through roleplaying, artwork, music, or other methods. It is a type of therapy that allows patients to use expressive tools, activities, and other methods to reenact or recreate specific situations from past, as well as present situations in their lives. What Does Experiential Therapy Treat Experiential therapy is now included in many treatment centers programs, including Harm Reduction Center. It provides individuals with the opportunity to analyze negative thoughts as well as emotions that are associated with certain memories or situations. Thus, allowing patients to overcome these difficulties quickly and effectively, as well as in an expressive and fun way. Some of the disorders and afflictions that this form of therapy can treat are: - Addiction - Dual diagnosis - Trauma - Family conflict & communication issues - Eating disorders - Adolescent behavioral problems - Mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis - Chronic medical conditions - Anger issues - Grief and loss Different Types of Experiential Therapy Activities Experiential therapy means that the patient actively participates and experiences what they are working through. These techniques were first developed in the 1970s. It’s a broad category of therapy that encompasses the following therapeutic practices. Role Play Roleplay allows patients to recreate past events. Allowing for a better understanding of the emotions, thoughts, and motivations involved. For example, an addiction patient might role-play with their therapist how they would have reacted if they had been present at a family member’s funeral. All while still actively addicted to drugs or alcohol. Art Therapy Art therapy is another form of experiential therapy. This allows patients to express their thoughts, feelings, and emotions through the creation or interpretation of art. This can be done with paintings, sculpture, dance movements, collage construction, and other artistic mediums. Thus, helping a patient understand how they see themselves in relation to others. Breathwork and Meditation Meditation, as well as breathwork, are experiential therapies that help patients deal with stress, anxiety, PTSD, depression, and other mental illnesses. Breathwork is a type of experiential therapy in which the therapist helps guide the patient through different breathing exercises to achieve specific goals. Music Therapy Music therapy is experiential in nature because it allows the patient to express themselves through song. The process can be simple, such as listening to music and sharing their thoughts on how they feel when they listen. Or, a more complex version involving playing an instrument. Music therapy may include activities such as dance therapy, listening to positive music, or playing with musical instruments to help patients address emotional and cognitive needs. Adventure Adventure therapy allows the patient to overcome challenges or fears through the use of outdoor activities. These may include hiking, kayaking, rock climbing, and other activities that involve exploring nature. The purpose of experiential therapy is to help the patient improve his or her psychological well-being by working through difficulties in a fun and engaging way. Experiential Therapy for Addiction Treatment This therapy technique is now included in many addiction treatment programs to help address some of the behavioral issues that lead to drug or alcohol consumption. If patients are able to practice overcoming triggers and stressors while they still have access to substances, it’s more likely that they will be able to overcome temptation in the future. When experiential therapy is used as a relapse prevention plan, therapists work with patients on specific activities they can engage in if they start craving drugs or alcohol again. They might also set up a day-to-day schedule of experiential therapies to help them stay sober by practicing different techniques and strategies that allow for expression and a change of scenery. How Can I Find a Center That Offers Experiential Therapy Harm Reduction Center is a treatment center in South Florida that offers experiential therapy as part of addiction treatment. Here at HARC, we understand that addiction treatment isn’t a one-size-fits-all process. This is why we offer a variety of treatment options that help people struggling with addiction and mental illness. If you or a loved one are ready to receive the help needed to change your life for the better, contact Harm Reduction Center today.	https://harmreductioncenter.com/what-is-experiential-therapy/
Finding and Hiring the Best and Effective Therapist in the City of Cincinnati Psychotherapy is defined as the range of treatments and the use of various psychological methods that are mostly needed by the people that are suffering from mental health problems, psychiatric disorders, and emotional challenges in life. The different functions and purposes of psychotherapy are to help an individual to change and overcome their problems; to cope up with their situations in a more flexible and adaptive manner; to improve social skills and relationships; to improve an individual’s mental health and well-being; to mitigate or lighten emotions, thoughts, behaviors, beliefs, and compulsions that are troublesome; to help them realize what makes them feel agitated, depressed, anxious or positive; and to help and enable the patients or the clients to understand their feelings and the feelings of others. Another term that refers to psychotherapy is talking treatment, that is because the psychotherapist is more on talking or producing conversations with their clients, and the psychotherapeutic sessions can be conducted in a one-to-one session and that is between a therapist and a patient, with families, or with a group. The different styles and approaches in psychotherapy include the psychodynamic therapy, which is also called as the insight-oriented therapy and it basically focuses on the ingrained causes of the client’s behavior; the behavioral therapy, which aims to help the patients understand that if they change their behavior it will definitely lead to various changes on their feelings; the cognitive therapy, which basically begins with the thought that what the people thinks will shape or define their feelings; the family therapy, in which the therapist will look at the symptoms in the context of the families; the interpersonal therapy, which focuses more on interpersonal relationships; and the group therapy, which involves six to twelve clients that have similar problems and one therapist.	https://a10yoob.com/the-9-most-unanswered-questions-about-resources-2.html
What are the different types of therapy that therapists use? Psychological health has become an essential part of our daily lives. With multiple factors affecting our mind such as work-related stress, family issues, career challenges, etc. it is important to keep the mental health in the best condition. Psychology of a person plays a crucial role in his/her success. So, it is imperative to look after the mental challenges and overcome various obstacles. Therapy can work wonder when a person undergoes stressful and mentally challenging circumstances. There are numerous therapeutic techniques which are available for every person. Some of them have been around for a lot of time while some of them are developed recently. Each of these methods have their own approaches, but they have the same goal of trying to help the person in overcoming psychological obstacles, improve mental health, and alleviate any problems. Some of these common therapy methods are mentioned below. It was particularly designed to get deeper into the person’s underlying thought process to better understand how their different thoughts are affecting their behaviour. The main purpose of this therapy is to change the entire thought processes which lead to changing the negative behaviour. Therapists who utilise this particular approach generally incorporate techniques like role-playing or journaling to help the patients get some of the insights into their thoughts. Similar to CBT, behaviour modification is often used by therapists as a great way to correct the negative behaviour of the patient. The major aim of this method is to teach the patient new behaviours which will actually replace the negative behaviours like substance abuse which may have led to different issues in the patient’s life. A lot of counsellors choose to utilise a patient-centred approach when it comes to therapy that allows the patients to be in control during their sessions. In this particular setting, the patients can work through their issues with counsellor’s interventions. Counsellors who utilise this approach tend to believe that the patients know more about themselves best and it is better able to work through their own problems when provided with the right circumstances. This particular therapy focuses on what the patients want to get through in their sessions of therapy rather than looking into their problems which made them to seek treatment. This therapy focuses on the present as well as future rather than looking into the past. There are quite a lot of therapists who use this approach in sessions as it allows them tailor a particular method to best fit the particular needs of the patient. During the sessions in this therapy, a therapist will generally use numerous different approaches as well as techniques throughout the course of the treatment of the patient. This approach is quite beneficial as it offers the patient as well as the therapist with the flexibility to be able to utilize multiple approaches. The different methods that patient may find in mental health treatment will certainly depend on the type of program that the patient is in along with the preference of the counsellor and the type of mental issues or mental health disorders the patient is struggling with.	https://healthlivingyoga.com/19402/what-are-the-different-types-of-therapy-that-therapists-use/
In a recent Philadelphia area pilot program, thirteen Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) were trained by the Beck Institute to use Cognitive Therapy techniques to treat mental and behavioral health problems of children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 18. The APNs were the children’s primary care providers in low-income populations, primary care providers are sometimes the only point of access for mental health care. For this program, APNs were trained by Dr. Christine Reilly, a psychologist with expertise in Cognitive Therapy, and a nurse herself. The nurses participated in workshops, group supervision conference calls, and individual supervision sessions as needed, during the year-long program. The population served included children and adolescents from the Philadelphia region who presented with a range of problems, including depression, anxiety, behavioral problems, teen pregnancy, obesity, and substance abuse. The pilot program showed that nurses improved their understanding of the Cognitive Therapy model and CT techniques (developed by Aaron T. Beck, M.D. in the 1960s). Patients demonstrated improved outcomes, as assessed using the Beck Youth Inventories at the start and end of the program. Moreover, the nurses saw benefits of the CT training program in other aspects of their practice, including applying CT techniques to patients in other age groups, and improving the nurse/patient relationship. This pilot program indicates that training nurses in Cognitive Therapy is a practical, feasible way to improve mental health care and patient outcomes among children and adolescents. The program was conducted by the National Nursing Centers Consortium, in partnership with the Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research, through a generous grant from the van Ameringen Foundation. In light of all the recent discussion about antidepressant drugs that increase the risk of attempted suicide, we thought we’d highlight the study that came out last year, which showed that Cognitive Therapy (developed by Aaron T. Beck, M.D. in the 1960s) can reduce attempted suicide by 50% among those who have recently attempted suicide. This study, funded by the NIH and the CDC, followed 120 patients, half of whom were randomly assigned to 10 Cognitive Therapy treatment sessions, and the other half of whom received usual community services. At the 18 month follow-up, those who had not received CT treatment were twice as likely to attempt suicide as those who had received CT treatment. Check out the NY Times coverage of this study (you have to be registered to view the article – registration is free). Myth: Cognitive Therapy (CT) is all about changing your thinking, and does not involve behavioral change. Fact: Actually, Cognitive Therapy (developed by Aaron T. Beck, M.D. in the 1960s) addresses your thinking, emotions, behaviors, and physiological symptoms (if applicable). Cognitive Therapy (CT) is called Cognitive Therapy because it is based on the premise that your underlying beliefs about yourself, others and the world influence the way you perceive situations, and prompt you to have certain thoughts, emotions, behavioral responses and physical symptoms. CT treatment actually starts by addressing present problems and helping patients to have a better week — patients often begin evaluating their own thoughts and doing some behavioral experimentation very early on. Myth: Cognitive Therapy only deals with surface layer problems, and it doesn’t do much to change the root of people’s problems. Fact: Cognitive Therapy treatment starts by addressing present problems as a way to help patients gradually change their underlying problems. Cognitive Therapists work to understand patients’ ‘core beliefs’ — how they view themselves, others and the world. These beliefs are often formed in childhood and are deep-seated. And these beliefs pop up in every day situations in the form of anxious or depressed thoughts that lead to negative feelings and behavioral reactions to situations. Cognitive Therapists work with patients to analyze what’s happening in a given situation, come up with alternative responses, experiment with implementing new ways of thinking and acting, and gradually begin to change their responses to situations. When patients see how their reactions, mood and other symptoms can improve once they begin viewing situations in a more realistic light, they gradually begin to chip away at their ‘deep-seated’ core beliefs. In other words, Cognitive Therapists recognize that the best way to help patients alter their deep-seated beliefs and their current distress is to take action now, in the present, so that patients can see the effects of changing their thinking and behavior, and start to develop more positive and realistic outlooks after seeing the results in action their own lives. Myth: All Cognitive Therapists do the same kind of therapy. So if I already tried a Cognitive Therapist and it didn’t help, that means that the treatment itself doesn’t help. Fact: Not all therapists who call themselves Cognitive Therapists, or Cognitive Behavior Therapists are really trained and qualified to practice Cognitive Therapy (CT). As CT becomes more and more well known, due to the many studies that have shown it to be effective, more and more therapists are including CT ‘techniques’ in their practices, and some may call themselves Cognitive Therapists even if they do not have much training in Cognitive Therapy. Just because someone uses some part of CT in their practice, does not mean that he or she is actually delivering overall CT treatment (which is an integrative form of therapy that requires mastery of many different therapeutic techniques, and understanding of individualized treatment approaches for different disorders). We recommend that patients who are interested in CT treatment search for an ACT-Certified Cognitive Therapist. The Academy of Cognitive Therapy is the only Cognitive Therapist certifying organization that reviews therapists’ knowledge and ability before granting certification.	https://beckinstitute.org/2006/12/
While psychodynamic therapy is still used in many settings, its popularity has waned in recent decades in comparison to these other methods of treatment. Psychodynamic therapy requires about half as much time per patient than cognitive-behavioral therapy and up to three times as much time per patient as pharmacotherapy. It may be difficult for some people to understand why a therapist would take a personal interest in their past problems when talking about their present feelings. The idea behind this type of therapy is that the relationship between patient and therapist can help uncover painful memories that lead to new insights about the patient's difficulties and allow them to be dealt with more effectively. This form of therapy focuses on the here and now, but also takes into account the patient's history - how they have responded to previous experiences or situations that are similar to those they encounter in therapy. This allows the therapist to predict what might happen if a situation arises during therapy that it was not able to before. In conclusion, psychodynamic therapy is still used in many settings today because it is effective in treating many mental health problems. It requires less time than many other treatments and appears to work best for patients who suffer from emotional disorders as a result of early experience. "Psychodynamic treatment is extremely successful, according to scientific data. The effects are as least as significant as those of other psychotherapies, and they are long-lasting." When patients were re-evaluated nine months or longer after treatment finished, the impact size rose by 50%, to 1.51. After three years, the effect size was still large (0.9). – Lilian Katz et al., "The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 79 no. 6 (2011): 719-37. This means that psychodynamic therapy is as effective as other common treatments for depression, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy. Also, the effect size of psychodynamic therapy increases over time. – Lilian Katz et al., "The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 19 no. 4 (2009): 453-72. This means that psychodynamic therapy is as effective as other common treatments for anxiety disorders, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy. Why, despite criticism, has psychodynamic therapy remained a viable method to psychiatric treatment? It promotes the development of profound insight into one's own life. Rather of just reflecting back on their clients' remarks, therapists are more likely to encourage them towards discoveries. This leads to a greater acceptance of responsibility for one's actions and a reduction in the need for punishment or avoidance behavior. Psychodynamic therapy also involves talking about unconscious processes and explaining away undesirable behaviors as results of hidden motivations. This may not be easy for some people to accept, but it provides information about how the mind works that can help improve self-awareness and ability to cope with stressful situations. Finally, psychodynamic therapy tends to focus on the here and now, which makes it suitable for treating many psychological disorders that involve problems with thoughts (i.e., anxiety, depression), feelings (i.e., anger, guilt), memories (i.e., trauma), or relationships (i.e., loneliness). Because it focuses on what is going on inside someone's head rather than just their symptoms, psychodynamic therapy helps people understand their emotions and behaviors so they can work through issues that may be preventing them from living full lives. This form of treatment is particularly useful for long-term problems because it enables patients to learn more effective ways to cope. Psychodynamic therapy is generally used to treat depression and other major psychological problems, particularly in those who have lost purpose in their life and struggle to build or sustain intimate connections. Modern practitioners may use a variety of techniques from psychoanalysis to facilitate discussion of unconscious material. It is also used to treat addictions (especially to drugs or alcohol) and problematic behaviors (such as violence). The aim is to replace these behaviors with more effective ones that serve the same needs but do not cause harm to others. Finally, recent research has shown that dynamic therapists are more likely than other types of therapists to achieve long-term success in treating chronic mental illness. This may be because they work with patients to help them understand why they feel and act the way they do, which allows them to identify realistic goals for change and develop strategies for achieving them. In conclusion, dynamic therapy is based on the belief that the mind controls behavior through hidden feelings. These feelings arise from unresolved issues from early childhood that are brought up during the therapeutic process. By working through these issues, the patient is given the chance to transform his or her personality so it matches its true self beneath the surface. Rather than focusing on behavior, psychodynamic therapy interprets mental and emotional processes (Strupp, Butler, & Rosser, 1988). Psychodynamic therapists work with clients to identify patterns in their emotions, ideas, and beliefs in order to acquire insight into their current selves. They then use this knowledge to change negative behaviors and thoughts. Psychodynamic therapy is a collaborative process between the therapist and client. The therapist uses information obtained from the client during sessions to make decisions about what topics should be discussed next. For example, if the client mentions feelings of guilt over something he or she has done, the therapist might ask questions such as "Why do you think you feel guilty?" or "How did that affect you?" In addition to talking about past events, clients also discuss things like dreams and fantasies. The therapist uses information gathered from these discussions to understand how the client's mind works. Clients are usually seen once a week for an hour. However, some therapists see their clients more frequently than once a week. Others may meet with their clients only once or a few times before determining that treatment is not helping them achieve their goals. There is no single type of psychodynamic therapy. Rather, there are many different approaches, all based on the same general theory. Washington, D.C. According to new research published by the American Psychological Association, psychodynamic therapy is effective for a wide range of mental health symptoms, including depression, anxiety, panic, and stress-related physical ailments, and the benefits of the therapy grow even after treatment has ended. The study also found that patients who received multiple sessions were more likely to experience long-term relief from their symptoms. Psychodynamic therapy is a form of talk therapy that was originally developed to treat psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In addition to discussing past events that may be causing problems today, therapists also look for signs of conflict or difficulty communicating emotions between clients and their families. By working through these issues together, therapists hope to help their clients deal with any trauma that may have caused current problems and learn to communicate their feelings more effectively. After World War II, military doctors in Europe began using psychodynamic therapies to treat soldiers who had suffered severe trauma during the war. The first controlled studies showing the effectiveness of these treatments were published in the 1960s and 1970s and since then they have become one of the most common types of therapy for dealing with psychological distress. Although not commonly used as a single intervention for treating specific disorders, psychodynamic therapy can be an important part of a broader treatment plan for people who suffer from multiple problems or who need long-lasting change.	https://escorpionatl.com/is-psychodynamic-therapy-still-used
What is Experiential Therapy? Experiential therapy is a therapeutic technique developed in the 1970s that uses different expressive tools and activities to help a patient reenact or re-experience certain emotional situations from their past. Experiential therapy is a category of hands-on, interactive activities that can supplement traditional substance use disorder treatment, and has also been used in treating trauma, other mental disorders, chronic medical conditions, other behavioral addictions, compulsive behaviors, eating disorders, anger issues, grief and loss and relationship problems. These activities can include techniques such as role-playing, arts and crafts, animal care, music therapy, guided imagery or other forms of recreation in contrast to the traditional model of therapy. The idea behind this is that under the therapeutic guidance of a trained experiential therapist, a patient can focus on the activity and experience while also identifying the emotions that emerge as they are confronted with them. This hands-on, interactive form of therapy enables a patient to identify hidden feelings that they may have otherwise repressed. For some patients in particular, past feelings, emotions, issues and painful memories have been stifled for so long that they may not even know they are there, thus making it difficult to access in a traditional therapy setting. Experiential therapy allows a patient to focus on a different experience first, and then allows their feelings and emotions to flow naturally from that experience. What Are The Potential Benefits and Goals of Experiential Therapy? One of the advantages of experiential therapy is that it allows both the patient and the therapist to focus on activities and situations other than the actual problem, which allows the therapist to observe the patient in different situations, and may put the patient at ease so they can experience successes, overcome obstacles, build on self esteem and take ownership and responsibility for their actions. When the therapist and the patient process the experience afterwards, the patient is able to identify the emotions and feelings they felt during the experiential therapy and process and evaluate their actions and behaviors. Perhaps they felt frustrated during an activity or maybe the experience reminded them of a previous issue or trauma that they once experienced. The goal is to encourage patients to identify and address their deeper rooted issues and traumas that they once experienced through an indirect approach. These repressed emotions, issues, and traumas might have been affecting their physical, emotional, and mental well being and may have served as a factor for their substance use. By using experiential therapy, patients are often less guarded than in the traditional therapy contexts and able to integrate their past with their present to overcome unresolved conflicts. Another benefit of experiential therapy is to provide patients with alternative coping mechanisms or hobbies that they otherwise may not have been exposed to while in their active addiction. This may help in helping patients who struggle with substance abuse since part of recovery is identifying healthy and productive activities that were previously spent drinking or using drugs. Experiential therapy also teaches individuals how to solve problems and be accountable for the choices and decisions a patient makes. Finally it can serve as a starting point for building personal relationships. How It Works As clients progress through experiential therapy, they will continue to experience different roadblocks, identify activities that elicit satisfaction, build their self-esteem and potentially find new hobbies that they may enjoy. Experiential therapy encompasses a category of different types of therapy, all with the common goal of helping a patient experience and understand their emotions and how it impacts their subsequent behaviors. Some examples of experiential therapy include: - Expressive therapies which incorporate action into therapy. Examples of expressive therapies include role playing where the patient acts out their personal story or certain experiences, music therapy where music is used to connect to emotions and behaviors, art therapy where art and artistic processes are used to draw out emotional awareness. - Animal therapies which involve the use of animals such as horses (equine therapy), dogs or other animals in the therapy sessions or as part of the therapeutic intervention/ - Adventure or experience therapies where patients are encouraged to actively participate in events such as cooperative games, outdoor wilderness activities such as zip line, rope courses etc. to encourage problem solving, relationship building, self-esteem building as a part of therapy. Research has demonstrated that using experiential therapies in substance use disorder treatment can help reduce issues of denial, increase participation by patients, develop different insights, and foster interactions between therapists and patients. This can be particularly useful for patients who have difficulty engaging with traditional therapy methods and can help build the relationship between the therapist and patient so that they work together towards a common goal. Many of the adventure based therapies can also help build trust among patients, which can be a foundation for support networks. Often people in addiction find it difficult to make friends and find people who they trust in early recovery. Experiential therapy can help patients learn to rely on others, ask for help, express their frustrations or emotions and develop friendships while experiencing “real-life” scenarios. This style of therapy also allows patients to experience and explore negative experiences and roadblocks which can be difficult in early recovery. By processing the emotions a patient experiences, it can give a patient the confidence that the negative feelings will pass, and that they don’t need to numb their emotions using drugs and alcohol. Addiction Treatment in California If you are looking for a different way to find sobriety, or are struggling with traditional modes of therapy, experiential therapy might be a different approach for you to explore. If you or someone you care about has a problem with substance or alcohol use, Asana Recovery can help. Contact Asana Recovery or give us a call today at 949-763-3440.Our trained professionals will walk you through the admissions process and make sure all of your questions are answered. The first step is admitting you need help, and is often the hardest. Once you take that first step, there will be a team on your side to help you be successful in your new future.	https://asanarecovery.com/what-is-experiential-therapy/
Born March 30, 1853, Vincent Van Gogh, became a well-known artist during the impressionistic period of art. After suffering multiple mental problems, in 1888 Van Gogh commited himself into the Saint Remy Asylum. It was during this period that he completed one of his most famous creations, “Starry Night.” Anna Marie Duke was born to a household filled with turmoil. Her father was an alcoholic and her mother was an undiagnosed manic depressant. It was not until she was 8 years old that she was discovered by John and Ethel Ross, talent scouts were looking for young actresses. Pulling Anna from her troubled home, they whisked her away to stardom. After unofficially adopting her, the Ross’ changed her name to Patty, telling the young girl that Anna Marie was dead. “You’re Patty now.” By age 16 Patty became the first child recipient of an Oscar Award for her role in Helen Keller. After several years of a successful acting career the signs of depression began to exhibit themselves and in 1982 Patty Duke was formally diagnosed as “manic depressive” and tells of her account in her autobiography, “Call me Anna.” What do these two very famous people from completely different eras have in common? They both were bipolar. Vincent Van Gogh’s life ended in tragedy while Patty Duke to received lithium as treatment for her condition. Bipolar disorder or manic depression can best be described as a serious mental illness that can affect a person’s ability to feel a normal range of emotions or moods. People that are diagnosed with bipolar disorder find themselves with moods that range from very high (manic) to very low (depression). Originally, the term manic depression was used to describe this mental illness but now bipolar disorder is used as it better described the extreme polarity of highs and lows that the patient experiences. Symptoms that a patient with bipolar disorder may exhibit cover a wide range as one might imagine with an illness that spans such extremes. A patient during bouts with mania will exhibit behavior such as increased energy levels, less need for sleep, racing thoughts, are easily distracted, more talkative, stronger sense of self confidence, focused on getting things done but with little results, and indulgence in risky or unusual activities to an extreme. On the opposite “pole” these same patients, during a depression state, will exhibit such behavior as feeling sad or blue, loss of interest in things the person used to enjoy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or hopelessness, variation in sleep patterns (too little or not enough), fluctuation in weight or appetite, feeling tired or lack of energy, and thoughts of suicide or preoccupation with thoughts of death. As researchers become more familiar with bipolar disorder they have come to the conclusion this illness is typically lifelong but with a variety of medicines and therapies the patients can go on to live relatively normal lives. Vincent Van Gogh and Patty Duke are famous individuals but everyday common ordinary people battle bipolar disorder in a variety of ways. Patients, even after they are diagnosed with bipolar disorder, are able to hold jobs, raise families and go on to live productive lives. Medicines like mood stabilizers are effective in treating the “highs and lows” of the disorder. In addition, anti-depressants and anti-psychotics are often used in conjunction with mood stabilizers to stave off or help control the bouts of depression and mania. Another medical treatment that is not considered a drug is Electroconvulsive Therapy or ECT. This treatment has been found effective for patients that do not respond well to drug therapy. Some goals of a professional that is treating a patient with bipolar disorder might include some of the following: control of acute manic and depressive symptoms, reduction in the amount and frequency of mood cycling and mood instability occur, to aid patients in the achievement of functioning at their highest level possible, minimization of side effects of treatments and to aid in the implementation of a rigid treatment management plan. I’m experiencing the side effects of the drugs; I sleepy all the time, I’m gaining weight, etc. Patients taking medication for bipolar disorder must be frequently reminded and encouraged that this disorder is not to be considered a character flaw or weakness and treatment must be continuous or relapses or worsening effects of the illness will occur. Like a patient that has high blood pressure or cholesterol, a patient with bipolar disorder must continue their drug therapy, as prescribed, or bouts of the disorder will increase in frequency and intensity. Alternatives to drug therapy may include talk therapy or psychotherapy. This therapy has been found to be quite effective in aiding the patient in isolating triggers of bipolar disorder. During talk therapy, the patient would discuss with a mental health professional their unique circumstances and relationships. This therapy aids the patient in assessing and evaluating their condition. With bipolar disorder, the patient can experience a wide array of feelings and emotions. A mental health professional can aid in helping the patient understand the source of these feelings and offer adjustment techniques to the gamut of emotions they are experiencing. It must be understood that talk therapy is not about getting advice or answers. Talk therapy should revolve around assisting the patient in understanding themselves, getting support and feedback in a open, honest and private setting. Different types of talk therapy are available and will depend on the severity of the bipolar patient as to which therapy is best suited to their needs. One-on-one therapy and group therapy are both effective but must be administered correctly and safely. Some therapies center on information and support while others encourage the patient to learn about themselves and their relationships. Overall, therapy of any sort should aid the patient in establishing confidence and to reduce the strain bipolar disorder places on an individual and their relationships. According to the National Mental Health Information Center, 1 in every 100 people develops bipolar disorder. No one has the same symptoms of this disorder nor will they experience it to the same degree. While the jury is still out on the exact cause of bipolar disorder, scientists now believe that it can be traced to an imbalance of chemicals in the brain. If a patient has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder they should not be disheartened. There are numerous examples of people that go on to live out normal and productive lives. Some things a patient can do to increase the effectiveness of their therapy (drug, psycho therapy or ECT) is to take a vested interest in your disorder. Research is vital in the education and understanding of this disorder. Every day new hallmarks are being made in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It would behoove the patient to track their moods and emotions on a chart, to avoid triggers of mood episodes, and keep a list of questions for your mental health care provider. Staying informed and maintaining a discipline of taking your medication are 2 of most important things a patient can do to achieve a sense of normalcy in coping with bipolar disorder. In conclusion, bipolar disorder does not mean a death sentence on your ability to live a mentally, socially and physically normal life. Some patients have even learned to harness their illness to achieve great success in life. It is believed by some that Van Gogh’s ability to paint was heightened by his emotional energy while coping with bipolar disorder. Patty Duke’s ability to act was attributed by some, to her ability to exhibit such extreme emotions. Sadly, this is still a disease and must be treated as such. NOTE: The information contained in this article is not intended to in anyway advise or instruct the reader. It contains opinions and research as gathered by the author. Please consult your healthcare professional for expert medical and psychological opinions.	https://rodgermangold.com/2010/03/17/bipolar-disorder/
Warp Drive Propulsion Theory John L. Carrasco Astronomy 308 07 August 2006 Space: The Final Frontier… • Man has always dreamed of exploring space. • The Mercury and Apollo missions took us farther than ever dreamed possible. • But what of our space accomplishments lately…. • The Space Shuttle, deep space probes, but little else. What is limiting our exploration? • Certainly not imagination. • Probes and satellite imagery continue to explore far beyond our Solar System. • What is limiting us? • Our present technology… • Time Constraints… • Finances… The reality of space travel (In today’s terms) • Expensive • Fuel and training do not come cheap • Technology and Time • Closest star: Proxima Centauri (at 4.2 Light Years distance). • At a speed of 150,000 MPH, it would still take almost 18,000 years to reach Proxima Centauri. • The space shuttle maxes out at a “robust” 25,404 feet/second. Still too slow… What is there to be done?... • “Mr. Scott, warp speed…” • But what is warp speed? • Who created the idea? • Is it even possible? The Problem with Faster than Light Travel • Einstein and the Theory of General Relativity. • E=Mc^2 • Why faster than light travel is impossible with our current means of propulsion (minus wormholes). • As speed increases, energy demands increase. Mass (of the vehicle) also increases. • Both mass and fuel demand will eventually increase to infinity, making propelling a vehicle faster than light impossible. The Alcubierre Drive • Miguel Alcubierre • Mexican physicist • Proposed a method of faster than light travel that could be a “solution” for Einstein’s General Relativity. • Commonly referred to as the “Alcubierre Drive” or “warp drive.” The basics of the Alcubierre “Warp Drive” • 1994 Journal of Classical and Quantum Gravity • The ship would ride along space inside a warp bubble. • Since the ship itself is not moving, it is not subject to the rules of general relativity. The Alcubierre Drive, continued • 1994 Journal of Classical and Quantum Gravity (continued). • A method of stretching space in a wave, causing the space “ahead” of a spacecraft to contract. • It would also cause the space “behind” the spacecraft to expand. Science Fiction meets Science Fact (sort of…) • The Star Trek Franchise. • The Contemporary Warp Scale (according to Star Trek). • The speeds achieved by the vehicles (“starships”) are faster than anything today… • But still slow enough to allow space to remain large and mysterious. • “…to boldly go where no one has gone before…” The Contemporary Warp Scale (continued) Warp Factor x c Velocity Warp 1 1 c 3.0x10^5 km/s Warp 2 10.079 c 3.0x10^6 km/s Warp 3 38.941 c 1.2x10^7 km/s Warp 4 101.59 c 3.0x10^7 km/s Warp 5 213.75 c 6.4x10^7 km/s Warp 6 392.50 c 1.2x10^8 km/s Warp 7 656.13 c 2.0x10^8 km/s Warp 8 1,024 c 3.1x10^8 km/s Warp 9 1,516.4 c 4.5x10^8 km/s Warp 9.2 1,649 c 4.9x10^8 km/s Warp 9.6 1,909 c 5.7x10^8 km/s Warp 9.9 3,053 c 9.2x10^8 km/s Warp 9.9753 6,000 c 1.8x10^9 km/s Warp 9.99 7,912 c 2.3x10^9 km/s Let c = the speed of light How fast are these speeds? • At Warp 1, you could reach the Moon (from the Earth) in 1.34 seconds! • At Warp 2, you could travel across the Solar System in 1 hour!! • At Warp 5, you could reach Proxima Centauri (nearest star) in 9 days!!! • At Warp 9, Proxima Centauri is only 1 day away!!!!	https://fr.slideserve.com/giacomo/warp-drive-propulsion-theory-powerpoint-ppt-presentation
Global Carbon Capture and Sequestration Market Report 2021: Major Drivers and Challenges to CCS Technology Development in Gaining Wide-scale Market Adoption and Competitiveness Dublin, Jan. 13, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Technological Advancements Enabling Carbon Capture and Sequestration" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. This research service focuses on CCS technological advancements and the latest trends in the industry. The study highlights the importance of various CCS technologies and discusses major drivers and challenges to CCS technology development in gaining wide-scale market adoption and competitiveness. Mitigating greenhouse gases is the way ahead to avert catastrophes arising from climate change. Permanently removing greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere is a huge and urgent task. Emission reduction technologies are necessary to achieve deep decarbonization in emission-intensive industries and net-zero emissions in the long term. Industry participants are adopting technologies adhering to reduced emissions protocols, along with energy-efficient processes. Among the decarbonization technologies, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) processes have been identified as the potential game changer to enable stakeholders to achieve carbon neutrality globally. CCS processes are among the most important technological solutions to reduce emissions. The processes involve capturing carbon dioxide from point and non-point sources and permanently injecting and storing it underground. The study covers the following: Overview of CCS technologies and their technology readiness level Technology comparison Technology ecosystem and key stakeholders Techno-economic analysis of CCS technologies Growth opportunities in CCS technologies Key Topics Covered:	https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/global-carbon-capture-sequestration-market-102800086.html
Intel Labs has launched its Research Center for Integrated Photonics for Data Center Interconnects. The center’s mission is to accelerate technological innovation and optical input / output (I / O) performance, with a specific focus on photonic devices and technology, CMOS circuitry and link architecture, and the integration of packets and fiber coupling. The data movement between servers is increasing and it is testing the capabilities of today’s network infrastructures. The industry is rapidly approaching the practical limits of electrical I / O performance. As demand continues to increase, the scale of performance is unable to keep up and will soon limit the power available for computing operations. This performance barrier can be overcome by integrating computer silicon and optical I / O, a key focus of the Intel center. The chip giant has recently demonstrated progress in the critical technology building blocks for embedded photonics. Light generation, amplification, sensing, modulation, CMOS interface circuitry, and packet integration are essential to achieve the performance required to replace electricity as the primary interface. Additionally, optical I / O has the potential to dramatically outperform electrical in key metrics for performance, range, bandwidth density, power consumption and latency. More innovations are needed on several fronts to expand optical performance while reducing power and cost. The Intel Research Center is a continuation of developments made so far in the application of photonics to data centers. The goal remains integrate photonics with low-cost silicon and high volume to enable advancements in the optical interconnect industry, essential to meet the growing challenges of scaling inbound and outbound throughput generated by massive high-volume workloads of traffic that occurs on data center networks. To that end, the Intel Center has brought together world-renowned universities and researchers to accelerate optical I / O technology innovation in performance integration and scaling. The vision of the research is to explore a technology scaling path that meets bandwidth performance and energy efficiency requirements for the next decade and beyond. «At Intel Labs, we firmly believe that no organization can successfully turn all necessary innovations into a research reality. By collaborating with some of America’s leading scientific minds, Intel is opening the doors for the advancement of photonics technology for the next generation of computing interconnectivity. We look forward to working closely with these researchers to explore how we can overcome current barriers.“Explained James Jaussi, Principal Engineer and Director of the PHY Research Laboratory at Intel Labs.	https://techunwrapped.com/intel-inaugurates-its-research-center-for-photonics/
For manufacturers and distributors, service has become an important competitive differentiator and a huge driver of both revenue and customer satisfaction. This is causing a shift in business models as these companies make cultural, engagement, and technological advancements in selling not only products but outcomes. Technology advancements like IoT, Big Data, augmented reality, machine learning, and AI have grown in their adoption among field service operations to drive better service results. But as service becomes central to business success, how well are these technologies delivering on their promise for a better industry? In this 2019 Field Service USA report, we benchmark how the latest tools in field service are improving results for customers, service teams, and business as a whole. Featuring a dedicated, in-depth analysis of four technology categories—IoT and Big Data; on-site augmented reality and wearables; AI and machine learning; and field service management (FSM) technologies—these real-world data provide you with a complete picture of the cutting-edge technology performance landscape.	https://www.fieldtechnologiesonline.com/doc/emerging-technologies-in-field-service-driving-real-solutions-and-better-business-outcomes-0001
As part of an ongoing policy project looking at the global digital divide, we have been holding a series of expert roundtables to explore different aspects of the problem. This blog post reflects on how internet access can be achieved and is the second in a series over the coming weeks. Expanding internet access is critical to development. As we transition into a period of managing and living with Covid-19, the fundamental importance of internet connectivity and universal access has become ever more acute. Internet access is becoming the backbone of public service delivery and the foundation of an increasingly digitised economy. Closing the digital divide is a question of policy and strategy. We recently convened a group of experts to discuss how universal internet access can be achieved, focusing on the ways that technology can be deployed to solve the challenge, the investment required to reach universal access, and the policies necessary to facilitate this. How can technology solve the access challenge? In this session, participants discussed the opportunity that technology itself presents to address the challenges of achieving internet access: namely whether technology can solve the 4G coverage gap; if technological developments will drive down the cost of a basic smartphone; and whether technological advancements can close the digital skills gap and develop content that is relevant to those currently not online. Looking at 4G coverage, one of the greatest challenges to overcome is rural connectivity. There are already a range of technical solutions that could solve these challenges, from satellite, fibre, fixed wireless access and more to address the technical coverage challenges. But participants felt the greatest barrier was not technological but market failures. Until governments and regulators begin to address the challenges in making the economics work, the deployment of the appropriate technologies to address rural access will not be solved. Literacy and digital skills are one of the greatest barriers to internet usage, even where 4G coverage is available. Participants explored how AI, voice activated technology, and speech recognition are beginning to overcome this literacy challenge already. The technology has advanced rapidly and can be cheap to deploy. One major breakthrough is Google’s language translation capabilities, built into phones rather than relying on the cloud. The next technological frontier would be to design user interfaces specifically for the illiterate and for those that do not speak one of the dominant languages, or for those with disabilities. Whilst this capability should – and with some sensitisation would – be in high demand, the challenge is around making the financials work, and government interventions may be necessary in the first instance to drive uptake for the poorest and most likely in need of such interfaces. More broadly, tech has a huge propensity to facilitate learning – not just in basic literacy and numeracy, but augmented and virtual reality and other advanced technologies can build a richer learning experience at scale. The pandemic illuminated what was already possible by driving the demand for remote learning, but it is now for governments and the wider donor community to assist in building the market for the most underserved communities. Participants finally discussed what was technological possible to drive affordability of data. A free basic tier of data provided by governments would be a starting point, but there are also a range of ways companies could innovatively address this. Hot spot technologies such as Express Wifi allows Internet service providers and mobile network operators to monetize their WiFi business in a range of ways. Zero-rating programmes such as the Discover programme at Facebook should be seen as an early sensitisation tool for those least familiar with the internet, and in time can drive demand for wider internet use, with broader productivity opportunities that would be self-fulfilling for the wider industry. It was concluded that the technology by and large exists to drive universal internet access. The greatest challenge is not whether the technology is there, but how to make the business case work for those technologies to be scaled. Tech developments are geared towards following the money. Unless the market is made through government policy for scale at lower income levels, the gains to be had from tech developments will focus on the more affluent, lucrative areas of the market. Can the total cost of all one-off investments be met within 10 years? The focus of this session was on who should pay to drive universal internet access, and then how could those investments be met. It was quickly established that the regulatory environment played an enormous role here, and whilst most of the investment should be met by the private sector, public investment was necessary to drive demand in particular in order to incentivise the private sector to meet that demand. In the previous roundtable, it was concluded by participants that connectivity should be considered as a public interest good. However, in this session it was quickly established that whilst internet access drives a lot of positive externalities, it cannot be considered a public good in the economic sense, and most of the investment in connectivity needed to come from the private sector, as is the case in high income countries. The exact balance between public and private investment to reach universal coverage will nonetheless vary by context: the political, economic and regulatory environment will drive the type of discount rates that operators apply, and consequently the business case for making such an expansion. However, the majority of investment needed to reach universal 4G coverage will be upgrading 2G networks, which is a marginal investment for operators. If the demand is there, they will do this. Participants unanimously agreed that demand is one of the greatest barriers to investment. This is where public investment could be instrumental to stimulate broadband demand. Demand was considered predominantly a question of affordability. The Covid-19 pandemic has brought into sharp focus the usage gap in much of the developing world. Before the pandemic, much donor investment was focused on rural connectivity, and yet huge swathes of peri-urban populations such as Latin Americas’ favelas are kept off-line not through lack of coverage but because they could not afford or did not know how to use the internet. National pandemic containment strategies have driven an increase in remote learning and digital public service delivery, and consequently a number of pilots have emerged to address communities’ abilities to get online when internet coverage is already available. One exciting development discussed by a participant were pilots for guarantee mechanisms to support device purchases. Early findings have found that default rates even amongst the poorest populations are very low for mobile services, which suggests that it would not take a significant investment to stimulate demand and accrue a sizeable social impact. Throughout the session participants returned to the overriding challenge of creating the right enabling environment for investment to shore in. Multilateral Development Banks’ (MDBs) - such as the World Bank and IFC, as well as the regional banks’ – primary aim is not to provide the infrastructure investment itself, but rather to support countries build an enabling environment to stimulate private investment. Whilst this may sound like a simple shift in the policy and regulatory environment, political dynamics are often not aligned to these measures. Ministers are under political pressure to deliver now, and if MDBs are unable to provide cheap and rapid credit to execute (facilities which are almost always tied to financial reporting, and environmental and social requirements), ministers are incentivised to search elsewhere to secure that investment and demonstrate progress: either through domestic revenues or to vendors backed by sovereign funds. Thus, while administrations can illustrate progress in the short term, their countries often incur sizeable public debt in the process, whilst inheriting an infrastructure network that they may yet be ill-equipped to manage. One of the greatest challenges therefore is not one of investment but rather politics. For example, the evidence is clear that lowering taxes on devices, given the elasticity of the market, would not only stimulate demand, but lead to direct economic benefit that could be felt in five years’ time. However, the nature of political cycles means that such interventions are hard to execute. Even if the political leadership sets a vision to drive widescale broadband access, for many treasuries, telecom revenues are a primary source of income, tantamount to suspending inflows that would pay teacher or civil servant salaries. Cognisant of the political challenges of taking medium term transformational interventions, the World Bank has begun incentivising Ministries of Finance to take those harder, medium term decisions by providing immediate fiscal support to bridge the short-term cash flow challenges that these policies entail. MDB interventions like these which support governments to make the difficult political decisions now can shape the right policy and regulatory environment to usher in the private investment needed to achieve universal internet access by 2030. Which local constraints to internet access require local policy reform, not more money? This session was specifically focused on the policy and regulatory environment necessary to solve universal internet access. This focus group discussed human capacity – both within the policy sector, as well as across the population – as critical to the policy debate on improving internet access. Participants also felt that national policies were often too narrowly focused on the large Telcos and were missing the wider range of actors in the sector, and that the international community should be playing a larger role in guiding national policy environments. Participants agreed – independently from the other sessions – that once the right strategies, policies and regulations are in place, investment can and will follow to bring down the cost of internet services. These include competition and regulatory oversight, addressing implementation gaps, and revising fiscal policies that suppress internet use. In Kenya, where the VAT from personal devices has been cut, the rise in access has been immediate. Participants believed that human capacity in the national policy environment was shortcoming. A level of financial and technical assistance was essential for policy development to be grounded on evidenced-based research, good practices, and to ensure specific telecom reform was aligned with other sector growth initiatives such as agricultural development. The absence of telecoms lawyers in the public advocacy space were cited as a critical missing component, as they are “hoovered up” by the private sector and the regulator. It was felt there was not enough focus on policies to close the skills gap. In Africa, only a few countries have put in place strategies for digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to address the basic skills gap. Where strategies are in place at the continental level, countries have not contextualized them. And yet human capacity development is critical to drive internet access. Policymakers needed to think harder about different ways to build skills within the community. Engaging young people as teachers themselves rather than using traditional styles of classroom-based teaching could be an effective way to transfer skills and empower the next generation of technology experts. Participants felt that policies and regulations were often designed to cater only to monolithic national operators. Smaller actors, such as commercial internet service providers, cooperatives or community networks need to be accounted for too. Universal service access funds were not designed to subsidise incumbents, yet are often used this way instead of being applied to develop a broader ecosystem of actors. To have the desired effect, regulation needs to be more granular, more adaptive, more responsive, and allow municipalities to define their own connectivity solutions. The international community plays an important role in encouraging national governments to improve the policy environments for access, as they can help share best practice, create policy templates and normalise behaviour. For example, the Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa, can act as a guide for policy development at the national level. There are common challenges faced across countries that require consensus action to address. Lack of connectivity was increasingly a rural/ urban problem rather than a Global North / Global South issue. Greater transparency is necessary so that we know where the specific access issues lie. We cannot solve the problem unless we understand it. Often, we rely on industry reports without any means of validating them. Spectrum auctions are working well in some countries and not in others. There are strategies for addressing this that can translate across countries, for example in setting the reserve price, and countries can look to alternative models, such as the not-for-profit models adopted in Kenya and in the UK, to unlock their own backhaul infrastructure challenges. The challenge for international and even regional organisations is in contextualising solutions to the local environment. As one participant said, “policy and regulation is a long game. If you want to engage in it, you have to be prepared for a marathon, not a sprint.” Often international organisations do not have the resources to engage with a national or community level project for the time required to deliver results. Looking for ways to expand and scale the work of international and regional organisations at a country or community level is critical. One way could be to build the skills and knowledge of policymakers through creating platforms for peer exchange and learning, that exist beyond the time frame that international bodies can commit to. As highlighted in the other break out sessions, the right policy and regulatory environment is essential for facilitating private investment and technological development in closing the digital divide. The international community has a significant role to play in shaping national policy settings.	https://institute.global/policy/how-can-universal-internet-access-be-achieved-2030
What are the different types of technology? These types are categorized by their purpose and complexity. For example, electronic technology uses electric circuits to operate. This type of technology includes computer systems, washing machines, dryers, MP3 players, car radios, televisions, and more. Technology can also be broken down into various parts depending on its purpose. Listed below are some of the most popular types of technology and what they do. Read on for an in-depth look at these categories. Technological advances Technological advancements present a range of benefits for society, but they also pose serious risks, including malicious use and increased socioeconomic inequalities. The policy environment must support responsible use of these new technologies and foster the sharing of their benefits and risks. Technological advances have the potential to create jobs and stimulate economic growth, but they can also cause harm if they are misused. For this reason, policymakers must be prepared to address the growing challenges associated with the use of new technologies. Evolution of technology Several factors determine technological change, including social and physical contexts. Technological evolution is thus often referred to as the gradual change of a technology over time. For example, technological change has been compared to biological evolution in some ways, such as how a technology evolves through natural selection. The study of technological evolution has been studied by various researchers including Basalla, Mesoudi, Shennan, and others. Generally, they concluded that technological change is ‘analogous’ to biological evolution. Impact on society While the impact of technology on society is not a new phenomenon, the development of new technologies has profoundly changed the way people live and conduct business. From the ease of travel to the way we learn and work, technology has altered our way of life. Some of the most significant impacts of technology are seen in agriculture and transportation. As people become more reliant on new technologies, societal languages are changing. As such, it is important to recognize the impacts of technology on society and make changes accordingly. Future of technology Emerging technologies are changing the world at an unprecedented rate. They offer unprecedented opportunities for innovation, impact, and career growth. By examining the role of emerging technology, students will develop a framework for evaluating disruptive technology trends and adapting to them. In addition, they will explore how these emerging technologies can drive business and competitive advantages. Through foresight tools and projects, students will gain insights into how emerging technologies will impact the world and their organizations. Human element in technology The human element is still important in technology, despite the advances in artificial intelligence. While the human touch can help businesses reach out to their target audiences, it’s not enough to make technology work for people. Businesses must also consider the human element when designing new products and services. Without the human element, these products and services will not connect with customers. In other words, automation without the human touch will not be as effective as it can be.	https://www.gloriabornstein.com/types-of-technology-and-what-they-do/
The Veterans Health Administration is scheduled to hold interactive exhibits at its two-day Innovation Experience and one of those exhibits will focus on technological advancements in 3D printing, FedScoop reported Tuesday. Twenty-five medical centers under VHA adopt 3D printing and Ryan Vega, executive director of the VHA Innovation Ecosystem, said the agency will scale the technology at centers equipped with equipment, training and infrastructure. The iEx event, which is set to kick off on Oct. 22, will include exhibits on virtual reality, augmented reality and proteomics to provide personnel at VHA facilities an opportunity to witness such technologies and determine how they can adopt such platforms. “We can do the necessary [research and development] to get these technologies to the point where we can operationalize them,” Vega said.	https://www.executivegov.com/2019/10/vha-innovation-experience-to-include-exhibits-on-3d-printing-virtual-reality/
New energy-efficient luminaires allow luminaires' manufacturers to tap into opportunities both in the replacement market and fresh installations. The European Union (EU) directives aid the growth of this market, supplemented by EU initiatives, partnerships, and funded technical pilot projects. These benefit the companies in this space to strategica... 29 Oct 2013 \| Global CEO 360 Perspective on the Water and Wastewater Treatment Market in the Global Textile and Leather Industry High Demand for Advanced Wastewater Treatment Drives Development of the Global Market This research service offers a 360-degree perspective of the water and wastewater treatment equipment market in the global textile and leather industry. An analysis of global and industry-specific factors impacting this market is given. Key treatment technologies, with a focus on sustainable solutions, are highlighted. Revenue size and growth rates... 19 Nov 2013 \| Global Global Ballast Water Treatment Systems Market Progressive Events Towards IMO Ratification will Unify Market Structure and Augment Market Prospects This research service on the global ballast water treatment systems market highlights the market trends, drivers and restraints, competitive dynamics, addressable market size, and forecasts for this unorganised market until 2023. Having a base year of 2013, the study throws light on the IMO Convention scenario and prospective opportunities for equi... 28 Nov 2013 \| Europe European Lighting Control Systems Market Fast Growth Stimulated by Technology Convergence, Smart Buildings, and Energy Efficiency The European lighting control systems market is poised for a period of strong growth. Driven by energy efficiency needs, LED lighting penetration, and the on-going emergence of smart buildings, Frost & Sullivan expects the next 5 years to witness intensified competition. This will be accompanied by a period of technology convergence that will also ... 17 Dec 2013 \| Global World LED Lighting Markets (2013 Update) Government Initiatives and Declining Prices are Driving the High Growth The key challenges that the LED lighting market face are the prevalence of alternate technologies and high initial investment. Raising awareness amidst residential end users, financing projects, and leasing and maintenance of lighting solutions in the professional lighting market can tackle these challenges and provide untapped opportunities. End u... 24 Dec 2013 \| Global Global Waste to Energy Plant Market Market Fueled by Legislation and Energy Security This research service provides an analysis of the global waste to energy (WTE) plant market for the period 20092016, with a detailed breakdown of new plants, modernisation works, and also operation and maintenance services segments. The study looks at the WTE aspect of municipal solid waste (MSW) management and covers the incineration technology s... 18 Apr 2014 \| Europe European Construction and Demolition Recycling Services Market Legislation Drives Recycling Target Toward Multibillion Dollar Market by 2020 This research service analyses the European construction and demolition (C&D) recycling services market. It describes the present status of waste volume management. The C&D waste covered in this research includes construction, excavation, and demolition waste. Hazardous wastes are excluded from this study. This study does not cover final recycling ... 11 Jun 2014 \| Global Global Building Automation Market Energy Efficiency Initiatives and Technological Advancements Drive Market Adoption The building automation market is dependent on growth factors such as energy efficiency, supportive legislation and regulations for energy efficiency in buildings, as well as buildings' end-user comfort, advancements in digital technology, and growth in commercial construction. The growth is restrained by macroeconomic factors and a lack of legisla... 28 Aug 2014 \| Europe European HEMS and BEMS Market Technological Advancements and Compliance with EU Directives Drive Double-Digit Growth Driven by technological advancements, cost reductions, and stringent EU regulations for improving energy efficiency in buildings, the HEMS and BEMS markets are collectively expected to cross $2 billion in revenue by 2018. Growing demand for an integrated solution for communication between sub systems or machine-to-machine interaction has made the m... 29 Sep 2014 \| Global Innovations in Hazardous Waste Management Reducing Environmental Impact of Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste management has become increasingly important due to the increasing amount of waste generated worldwide, which adversely impacts the environment and human health. Decreasing land availability for landfills, the need to reduce worker exposure and potential liability, and increased awareness on environmental safety have driven the deve...	https://store.frost.com/search?dir=asc&fq%5Bindustry%5D=Environment&fq%5Bprice%5D=3900+TO+3999&order=published_date&p=2
Paltel Group is the leading company in the telecom industry of Palestine. It is at the forefront of services and state-of-the-art technology providers within the Palestinian market subject to international standards and specifications. The Group was established in 1995 as a public shareholding company to provide landline telecommunications (Paltel), cellular communications (Jawwal), internet services (Hadara) and Reach Company which is the first and biggest call center in Palestine for providing off-shore telecom services. Moreover, the Group adapted the most recent advancements and technological applications for building a promising digital technology future in Palestine. Paltel Group is considered to be the first institution in Palestine to provide high capacity employment in the private sector Nationwide. Committed to remain the first choice to our customers in providing telecom services through adherence of our values and principles; adoption of high management standards in practices and customer care; offering the best telecom services in Palestine and maintaining our position as a leading telecom group within the region. We always strive to overcome all obstacles and confront all challenges, particularly to obtain additional frequencies necessary to expand services and maintain quality. Jawwal aims to obtain 4G technology to provide up-to-date services, fight the illegal competition of Israeli Companies, and overcome the recurrent Israeli barriers and obstacles concerning the entry of equipment and devices to Palestine, especially to Gaza Strip. We strive to meet the growing needs of our dedicated customers especially as the telecom industry and more specifically as the Palestinian Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology continues to evolve. We look forward to enhancing our investments and delivering quality landline, cellular, and high-speed internet services, especially in unserved areas. We further aim to continuously scale up our services via added-value services.	https://www.jawwal.ps/index.php?url=posts/view/1988&lang=1
. The drive does this by generating warp fields to form a subspace bubble that envelops the starship, distorting the local spacetime continuum immediately around the ship and moving the starship at superluminal velocities. These velocities are referred to as warp factors. The original Star Trek series was wildly inconsistent in its portrayal of warp speed, with the concept basically used as a plot device to get from A to B at whatever speed an episode's writer wanted. Warp speeds of 10 or higher were treated as unsafe, at least until the Enterprise was refitted in Star Trek: The Motion Picture, when it gained the ability to safely travel up to warp 12 La vitesse de distorsion est une valeur asymptote, en théorie limitée à un facteur 10 : à une telle vitesse, le corps dans la distorsion occupe tous les points de l'univers simultanément, ce qui théoriquement est impossible.Néanmoins plusieurs violations ont lieu dans l'univers de Star Trek. Par ailleurs, il arrive souvent que les valeurs du tableau ne soient pas respectées Warp drive in Star Trek works by annihilating matter (in the form of deuterium, a kind of hydrogen gas) and antimatter in a fusion reaction mediated by dilithium crystals. This produces the. Star Trek Tech Breakdown: The Warp Drive. 9th September 2019 14th September 2019 GermanTrekkie CBS, German Trekkie, Paramount, Sponsored Content, Star Trek, Star Trek Tech, Treksphere, Treksphere.com, Warp Drive. The Warp drive is the most commonly known and used FTL propulsion system in Star Trek. How does it work and what other additional technologies exist let's find out. It worked by. Coaxial warp drive, also known as coaxial induction drive or simply coaxial drive, was a propulsion system that functioned by drawing in subatomic particles and reconfiguring their internal geometries. This allowed a starship the capability to fold the fabric of space, allowing it to travel instantaneously across extremely large distances. (VOY: Vis à Vis) By the late 24th century, the. Even if we prove warp drive is possible, to get our Star Trek fantasies to reality we still have to build it and make it survivable for human beings (or whatever gentically altered or. Warp drive is the most common method of faster-than-light travel and is used by the United Federation of Planets, Klingon Empire, Romulan Star Empire and Cardassian Union as well as most minor powers. Other methods of faster than light travel exist, such as Transwarp drive or the Iconian Gateways. Warp drive works by creating a warp bubble of normal space around a ship using by transfering. Warp drive is a technology allowing faster-than-light travel through space, creating warp fields and forming a subspace bubble surrounding a starship, which, in turn, forms a distortion in space-time and allows the starship's movement to exceed the speed of light. The rates of movement above the speed of light are known as warp factors. 1 Technology 1.1 Parts of the system 1.2 System types 2. In the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode Force of Nature, we find that warp drive damages space and that one area of space is more unstable than others.But not only are all galaxies rushing out from the center of the Universe, but the Milky Way rotates. In one year, when the Earth returns to where we are in orbit, Earth will still not occupy the same point in space because Sol will have. Le Warp Drive supraluminique de Star Trek fait jaser le Web. Actualit é Classé sous : Astronautique, accès à l'espace, Utilisation de l'espace. Lire la bio. Rémy Decourt Journaliste. Publié. In Star Trek: Voyager, they were so far away from the Federation and getting home was such a huge priority, After that, it was assumed that Starfleet was able to develop a more environmentally friendly warp drive, so the speed limit was evidently lifted. One can assume that if the fix was actually quite trivial, the other major powers would have had no qualms about enacting it. Out of. [Warp Drive & Transporters: How 'Star Trek' Technology Works (Infographic)] Wormholes and warp drives— approaches to FTL flight — are theoretically possible, but the theory has not yet. A Warp Drive utca az Amerikai Egyesült Államok Virginia államában, a Loudoun megyei Sterlingben. Az utca neve szójáték. Angol nyelven a drive főnév széles körben elterjedt jelentése utca (ebben a jelentésében elsősorban nem önállóan, hanem utcanevek részeként használják). Azonban a drive másik jelentése hajtómű, és a szó ebben a jelentésben szerepel a Star Trek. Coleopteric warp drive was a type of warp drive that employed a ring-like outboard structure that encircled a starship's hull to house the warp coils, rather than linear warp nacelles. (DTI novel: Forgotten History ) Among other races, Vulcans utilised coleopteric warp drive until at least late into the 22nd century. It was employed on their starship classes such as the Suurok-class and D'Kyr. The Warp Speed Calculator is designed to answer these questions. Simply input two of three variables (speed, distance, and time), and the form will calculate the third for you. It will even convert equivalent units, like years to days, light-years to parsecs, or warp factors to multiples of c. And you, too, can sound like a Treknology expert The colloquial term warp drive comes from science fiction, most famously Star Trek. The faster- than-light warp drive of the Federation works by colliding matter and antimatter and. Warp Drive de Star Trek est-il possible? Thoughtco Mar 16, 2020. L'un des principaux dispositifs de traçage dans presque tous les Star Trek L'épisode et le film sont la capacité des vaisseaux spatiaux à voyager à la vitesse de la lumière et au-delà. Cela se produit grâce à un système de propulsion appelé entraînement de chaîne. Cela semble de la science-fiction, et c'est le. Promo Body&Fit. -50% sur une sélection de produits. Livraison gratuite dès 45€ d'achats. 50% de remise sur notre sélection jusqu'à épuisement des stocks. Commandez maintenan Warp drive is one of the many futuristic ideas proposed in Star Trek, allowing for faster-than-light travel across the galaxy. Einstein's Theory of Relativity prevents anything from moving faster. Warp drive is a faster-than-light (FTL) propulsion system in the universe of many science fiction settings, most notably including Star Trek.A spacecraft equipped with a warp drive may travel at velocities greater than that of light by many orders of magnitude, whilst circumventing the relativistic problem of time dilation.Some of the other fictions in which warp drive technology is featured. NASA'S Latest Warp Drive Design Looks Very Familiar. Have you ever wondered what a real-life ship designed for faster-than-light travel might look like? Matthew Jefferies, legendary designer of Star Trek's Enterprise, took a pre-Enterprise stab at it in 1965, but NASA engineer/physicist Dr. Harold Sonny White recently joined forces with artist Mark Rademaker and longtime Star Trek graphic. The Phoenix-X was then launched in service of Starfleet in a supposed normal warp drive. (Star Trek: Phoenix-X) In 2450, the Star Triangle Advanced Guard obtained some Borg transwarp coils which were then duplicated and implemented on many STAG vessels. (Adventures of STAG) By the 28th century, transwarp conduits were commonplace throughout Federation and Alliance space; and most, if not, all. En el siglo 24 los motores warp de la Federación eran alimentados por la reacción entre materia (deuterium) y antimateria (antideuterium), mediada por un conjunto de cristales de dilithium, los cuales no reaccionan frente a la presencia de antimateria cuando son sometidos a campos electromagnéticos de alta frecuencia. Esta reacción produce un plasma altamente energético, llamado electro. While Star Trek brought us a great many technological advances -- and possibilities for what humanity can be as a civilization -- perhaps it was the invention of warp drive, which itself enabled. In Star Trek, a warp factor of 1 is light speed, and a warp factor of 9.9 is more than 2,000 times greater than light speed. But James O'Donoghue, a former NASA scientist who's now at JAXA. Star Trek Discovery's spore drive opens up a new possible mechanism for faster-than-light travel that may be even superior to warp drive. Alistair McMillan / c.c.-by-2. La propulsione a curvatura (warp drive nell'originale inglese, talora tradotta nel doppiaggio italiano della serie classica con ipervelocità) è un tipo di propulsione che permette alle navi stellari dell'universo fantascientifico di Star Trek di viaggiare a velocità superluminali, cioè superiori alla velocità della luce.Studi di fisica in merito sono stati compiuti da R. Obousy e Eric W. Parcourez notre sélection de warp drive : vous y trouverez les meilleures pièces uniques ou personnalisées de nos boutiques His interest in warp drive was piqued by a Star Trek movie. I started looking at things from an engineering side, and wondering what it would take to make warp drive happen, he says. Googling the subject, he found the theoretical research. I was kind of ecstatic for awhile when I found those papers, Agnew says. Currently, there's a medium business-sized scientific community looking. Dodson, Brian. Warp Drive Looks More Promising Than Ever In Recent NASA Studies. gizmag. Gizmag.com, 03 Oct. 2012. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. Scharr, Julian. Warp Drive Feasible? Relativity Loophole Means 'Star Trek' Device Might Actually Work, Physicists Say. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 14 May 2013 Star Trek-style warp speed space travel that could allow us to travel between galaxies could be a reality in the next 100 years. This is according to Professor Geraint Lewis, from the University. Speaking of ships, it's time to break down the five best from both Star Trek, and Star Wars. These ships aren't just iconic in terms of visual spectacle - they're also formidable in their own unique ways. Whether it's laser or phaser, hyperdrive, or warp drive, every ship on the list is a winner. 10 Star Wars: Star Destroyer. The Star Destroyer was the symbol of the Galactic Empire's might. The Star Trek universe neglects relativistic effects. Time has the same rate for both fixed and moving objects. For the original Classic Star Trek series, the warp equation is generally accepted to be: V = C * W 3 in which, C -- the speed of light ~3 x 10 8 meters per second. W -- the warp factor V -- velocity through spac May 31, 2015 - Explore Mark Osborne's board Warp Drive on Pinterest. See more ideas about Warp drive, Space travel, Nasa In 1994, inspired by watching Star Trek, Miguel Alcubierre, a college physics student at the time, published the first solution to the field equations that allowed for warp drive. It was a totally theoretical project, which Alcubierre has since abandoned. He doesn't think it's feasible technologically, because it requires something like all of the energy in the universe, or at least star. Popularized by Star Trek, a warp drive distorts space around a ship while leaving the ship itself inside a bubble of normal space. The space in front of the ship is contracted, while the space behind it is expanded, and the ship rides the distortion wave at FTL speeds. Technically, it is not the ship that is moving, but rather space itself, which is how we avoid breaking any laws of. Oct 12, 2018 - Explore dralmweisheer's board Warp Drive, followed by 628 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about Warp drive, Space travel, Faster than light Star Trek on the other hand is (or at least was before JJ Abhrams) a cerebral, slow, nerdy, and mostly serious franchise where the believe-ability of the technology and science is an important part of the show. The warp drive is limited because it actually could exist under our current understanding of physics NASA Starts Work on Real Life Star Trek Warp Drive. Jesus Diaz. 9/17/12 1:00PM • Filed to: Space. Space Nasa Eagleworks warp Drive Top. 734. 11 Perhaps a Star Trek experience within our. The enhanced warp drive is a warp drive propulsion technology developed by only a few species in the galaxy which allowed a starship to reach and sustain extremely high warp factors and travel quickly between distant parts of space.. In principle, the isodynamic design of the enhanced drive allows the dilithium matrix to remain active and running hot all the time, provided that the deuterium. Le Warp Drive Coaxial est un système de propulsion hypothétique théorisé par les ingénieurs de Starfleet depuis de nombreuses années. C'est une procédure extrêmement violente capable de plier le tissu même de l'espace, ce qui permet à un vaisseau de se déplacer instantanément sur d'immenses distances. Inconnu de l'équipage de Voyager à l'époque, l'imposteur Steth pousse l'unité. In the Star Trek canon, progressive designs come closer and closer to a hypothetical barrier—the way real scientists continue to hew closer and closer to absolute zero. In real life, light speed. Welcome to Warp Drive Toys, a family oriented business. We specialize in science fiction toys, collectables and action figures across a variety of different franchises. We are an authorized Anovos, Efx, Qmx and Factory Entertainment retailer servicing clients world wide. We pride ourselves in fast order processing, shipping protection and customer service Définitions de Warp drive, synonymes, antonymes, dérivés de Warp drive, dictionnaire analogique de Warp drive (anglais) Publicité anglais rechercher: traductions wikipedia anagrammes mots-croisés Ebay . définition - Warp drive. voir la définition de Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Warp drive. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search. For other uses, see Warp drive. Néanmoins plusieurs violations ont lieu dans l'univers de Star Trek. Par ailleurs, il arrive souvent que les valeurs du tableau ne soient pas respectées. Par exemple dans l'épisode Les trente-septiens , Tom Paris indique que le Voyager peut aller à la vitesse maximum de distorsion 9,965, qui représente 6 milliards de kilomètres à la seconde, soit 20 000 fois la vitesse de la lumière Warp Drive. Le Warp drive (ou moteur de Shiroff) est le moyen de propulsion supraluminique le plus utilisé dans la Galaxie. Inspiré de la métrique d'Alcubierre et du moteur à distorsion de l'univers Star Trek, le moteur de Shiroff permet d'atteindre des vitesses supraluminiques via la manipulation de la structure de l'espace-temps.. Le fonctionnement du moteur est assuré par l. Is Warp Drive From Star Trek Possible? One of the key plot devices in nearly every Star Trek episode and movie is the ability of starships to travel at lightspeed and beyond. This happens thanks to a propulsion system known as warp drive. It sounds science-fictiony and it is. Warp drive doesn't actually exist, yet. However, in theory, some version of this propulsion system could be created. Warp drive is a technology that allows space travel at faster-than-light speeds.This is accomplished by generating warp fields to form a subspace bubble that envelops the starship, distorting the local spacetime continuum and moving the starship at velocities that exceed the speed of light. These velocities are referred to as warp factors.Warp drive is the most common form of interstellar. Source: Science Focus In the Universe of Star Trek, humanity ventures out into the Galaxy on 5 April 2063 with the first ever journey on a ship capable of faster-than-light travel.The newly-invented 'warp drive' not only lets humans explore the cosmos, but attracts the attention of Vulcans and brings about our first contact with an alien species A warp drive is a fictitious faster-than-light (FTL) spacecraft propulsion system in many science fiction works, most notably Star Trek.A spacecraft equipped with a warp drive may travel at speeds greater than that of light by many orders of magnitude. In contrast to some other fictitious FTL technologies such as a jump drive or hyperdrive, the warp drive does not permit instantaneous travel. A warp drive is a theoretical superluminal spacecraft propulsion system in many science fiction works, most notably Star Trek and I, Robot by Isaac Asimov. A spacecraft equipped with a warp drive may travel at speeds greater than that of light by many orders of magnitude. In contrast to some other fictitious FTL technologies such as a jump drive, the warp drive does not permit instantaneous. Star Trek's warp drive may not be restricted to the world of science fiction after all. A few months ago, physicist Harold White shocked the aeronautics world when he announced that he and his team at NASA had begun work on the development of a warp drive. His proposed design, an ingenious re-imagining of an Alcubierre Drive, may eventually result in an engine that can transport a spacecraft. space space travel speed of light star trek theoretical physics warp drive. Image: NBC . For most of us, travelling faster than the cosmic speed limitâ€the speed of lightâ€is a science. Alternative Warp Speed Scale. At the risk-hopefully not too great-of offending Star Trek enthusiasts and traditionalists, it seems that a simple update to the Warp speed definitions would allow for more realistic exploration of space without departing unduly from the original concept. The update would use a simple base-10 log scale The first footage is here from 'Star Trek: Discovery' season 3, which is set further in the future than the franchise has ever gone before Warp pohon (anglicky warp drive) je fiktivní technologie vesmírných lodí v univerzu Star Trek.Byl vyvinut pro cestování nadsvětelnou rychlostí a je tedy nejdůležitějším vynálezem každé vesmírné civilizace. Proto se vesmírné civilizace dělí na předwarpové a warpové. Warp pohon používá subprostorový transport (stejně jako transwarp pohon), kde je integrita lodi. There's a section in there about a NASA scientist named Jesco von Putkammer who advised Roddenberry on TMP. In that passage, JVP explained how warp drive was supposed to work using a cosmic surf board analogy. This analogy was used in the 1980 fanon publication Star Trek Maps, illustrated in part by Rick Sternbach. JVP made a little splash. Since Alcubierre published his paper The Warp Drive: Hyper-fast travel within general relativity in 1994, many physicists and science fiction writers have played with his theory —including Star Trek itself. [See also: Top 10 Star Trek Technologies] Alcubierre's warp drive theory was retroactively incorporated into the Star Trek mythos by the 1990s TV series Star Trek: The Next. The toruses are thicker and, unlike the famous warp nacelles on Star Trek's Enterprise, their design is the true function of hurling the craft between the stars. Also, the craft, which is divided. In the Star Trek universe, warp speed is accomplished through the use of a warp drive. The warp drive is powered by matter-antimatter reactions, which are regulated by a substance called dilithium. This reaction creates highly-energetic plasma known as electro-plasma, a type of matter with its own magnetic field, which reacts with the starship's warp coils. The warp coils are typically. How Star Trek's warp drives touch on one of physics' biggest mysteries. Field notes from space-time \| Star Trek's light speed engines may not be possible in our universe, but we are learning. Talk:Warp drive (Star Trek) Language; Watch; Edit; Active discussions. WikiProject Physics / Relativity (Rated Redirect-class) This redirect is within the scope of WikiProject Physics, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Physics on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. Redirect. Star Trek Discovery Season 1 introduced a new technology to the Star Trek universe called the spore drive. The spore drive was never mentioned before in Star Trek cannon, meaning that this technology will not exist, or at least not be common, in TOS or later. So spore drive technology, as amazing at it is, begins in Discovery, and ends in Discovery. The Spore Drive. Also known as the. star trek what is warp drive? does it mean that the higher the warp you will follow a straight line instead of the curvature of space causes by the gravitation pull of nearby suns/planets; that every object wants you to come closer . Répondre Enregistrer. 8 réponses. Pertinence. Chris Walrath. Il y a 10 années. Réponse préférée. I'm not the Trekker I once was but even I know that full. The field equations of Einstein's General Relativity theory say that faster-than-light (FTL) travel is possible, so a handful of researchers are working to see whether a Star Trek-style warp.	https://ordreavenir.com/warp-drive/1o-5994x2rm
The Intrepid Museum in New York City will present a free Virtual Astronomy Live program on Sunday, November 20 from 3:00pm to 5:00pm ET. In this event, participants will hear NASA scientists and engineers talk about new space expedition technology and how the innovations are making exploration of the Moon, Mars and beyond more attainable. NASA’s Technology Demonstration Missions (TDM) works to overcome scientific and engineering challenges and create the technological innovations needed to overcome them. After rigorous testing, these advancements are turned into cost-effective, revolutionary new technologies and utilized in NASA, government and commercial space missions. Trudy Kortes, Program Director of Technology Demonstrations for Space Technology Mission Directorate, and Tawnya Laughinghouse, Program Manager for Technology Demonstration Missions, will talk about these newly proven technologies and how they will enable future NASA missions to pursue bolder goals, make human missions safer and more rewarding, and enable new expansion of space industry in the government and commercial sectors. The event is hosted and co-produced by John “Das” Galloway, founder of the Kerbal Space Academy, and moderated by Elysia Segal, the Producer of Public Programs at the Intrepid Museum and a NASA Solar System Ambassador.	https://takingthekids.com/virtual-astronomy-live-at-nycs-intrepid-museum/
- What kind of advances in RFID tag design should I expect? - Are there any emerging computer hardware or software advancements that will help the deployment of RFID applications? - Is item-level tagging hype or reality? - What are the important catalysts for the widespread adoption of RFID? - What does subcutaneous tagging have to do with RFID adoption in the enterprise? The etymology of the word trend denotes both movement in a general direction as well as roundabout twists and turns. Early potters could not possibly have predicted the various turns the wheel would take during the 8,500 years after it was first invent-ed. Similarly, it is unlikely that Michael Faraday could have imagined any of today's RFID applications when he discovered electromagnetic induction. Keeping all these complexities in mind, we have identified the top emerging trends associated with RFID that are expected to drive its ubiquitous adoption. These trends fall into the following categories: Technological Advancements, Business Process Innovations, Evolving Standards and Legislation, and Consumer Application Innovations. In this chapter [From the Prentice Hall book RFID Field Guide: Deploying Radio Frequency Identification Systems], we use these categories as anchor to do the following: - Take stock of where RFID technology stands today - Discuss the recent innovations around RFID - Examine key factors that will influence its evolution Technological Advancements Technological advancements are the high-octane fuel that powers the continued acceptance and growth of new technologies. These advancements can provide the following advantages: - Make existing applications easier to use - Offer more functionality - Be cheaper to implement - Drive deployment costs down Technological advancements open the door for new applications that were not imaginable or possible before. In the following section, we explore some of the more significant technological advancements that are under development today. New and Improved Tags Innovation around the design and manufacture of RFID tags is an ongoing process. Some of the most promising new designs are covered in the following sections. Alternative Tag Designs Many factors affect the readable range and accuracy of tags including those that are physical and environmental. Some examples are detection near metal or liquid and extreme weather conditions such as low temperature or high humidity. Besides simply improving on existing technology to overcome these limitations, alternative physics are being employed that can sidestep or leapfrog these limitations. The majority of the work in the alternative physics area includes developments around chipless tags, introduced in Chapter 3, "Components of RFID Systems." Chipless tags promise to improve upon the physical limitations of radio frequency detection while potentially offering reduced costs due to the absence of integrated circuitry. Chipless tags can be more easily applied to metal and liquid or embedded in items like paper, thereby offering greater flexibility and functionality in connection with their use. One chipless tag technology showing promise in supply chain applications uses Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) technology. SAW technology involves the propagation of radio frequency acoustic waves on the surface of polished crystals. Other promising chipless technologies that have the potential to revolutionize RFID applications use nanotechnology, genomics, or even chemistry to achieve chipless tagging and unique identification of objects such as paper currency and product labels. CrossID, Inkode, Pharmaseq, RF SAW, and Tapemark are just a few developers and suppliers of chipless tag technologies and solutions.When it comes to major advancements in IC-based tag design, Smart Active Label (SAL) technologies are gaining momentum in the market. SAL offers enhanced range and accuracy attributes while being less vulnerable to liquid or metal. With packaging similar to passive tags that are used in flexible mediums, such as labels, SAL is essentially a semi-active tag with a power source in the form of a thin, flexible battery. Using SAL labels, tagging and detecting cans of soda and bottles containing liquid can become more practical and economical. Tag Packaging Tag packaging plays a significant role in the applicability and practicality of specific uses of RFID. Expect to see tag and antenna packaging designs that will continue to push the envelope of creativity and ingenuity, much as injectable and ingestible tags have done in the past. Chipless tags based on nanotechnology will certainly be at the forefront of such developments. Another entirely different approach to tag packaging that is very promising is related to printed electronics. This involves the process of "printing", antennae, transistors, or even integrated circuits using conductive ink and standard printing processes. The potential to inexpensively print a tag onto a box or the packaging of an item unlocks a new set of possibilities for the widespread application of RFID in everyday items. Already, a company called Precisia has designed a smart label RFID tag that uses conductive ink-instead of copper-for its antenna. Sensory Tags Tags whose packaging integrates them with sensors can monitor, record, and even react to all sorts of environmental conditions. Known as sensory tags, these tag types promote an entirely new set of applications. The major advancements here will be around the coupling or combining of RFID tag technology with sensor technology in very small form factors. Smart Dust is one such combination that offers the functionality of tiny environmental sensors known as MicroElectroMechanical Sensors (MEMS) with active RFID tag-like capabilities. Each such device is expected to be one cubic millimeter in sizei. The potential applications of this technology span a wide area, from monitoring battlefield activities in a military operation to tracking the facial movements of the disabled to control their wheelchairs. Architecture for the New Network RFID systems generate mountains of new data that need to be synchronized, filtered, analyzed, managed, and acted upon, often in real-time or near real-time. Each tag is essentially a single computing device, albeit a very simple one, that acts as one node in a network of, eventually, billions or even trillions of such devices. This new network is dramatically different and in many ways more complex than even the Internet, the most complex network ever known. This fact is due primarily to the number of nodes that could exist in the expanded model of a worldwide RFID network, which figures to be several orders of magnitude larger than the number of nodes on the Internet. This simply means that traditional computing architectures and infrastructures will not be adequate to handle the dramatically higher data volumes expected in such a network. Next, we discuss two different approaches under development that address these new requirements, from both the hardware and software viewpoints. \|Q: Where will all this RFID data come from?\| \|A: Consider the scenario where a major retail chain will be tagging all its goods in all its stores, at the single item level. The number of tagged items in this scenario can easily reach 10 billion or more. This means that the data identifying the 10 billion items amounts to 120 gigabytes (10 billion X 12 bytes per tag). If these items were read once every 5 minutes somewhere in the supply chain, they would generate nearly 15 terabytes of tracking data every day (120 gigabytes x 12 times per hour x 10 hours per day). That's 15 terabytes of additional data generated by one retail chain every day. Using this formula, 10 major retailers tagging and tracking every item will generate 150 terabytes of data. This is bigger than the estimated 136 terabytes of data from 17 million books in the U.S. Library of Congress (1) . Obviously, a great majority of this RFID data is duplicate and will likely be discarded. However, all this data needs to be processed, examined, and acted upon, even if such action means simply ignoring the data. We use item-level tagging (a more distant scenario) to demonstrate the eventual avalanche of RFID data. However, you can apply a similar formula to calculate the amount of data for a more immediate scenario: case- and pallet-level tagging. Although the volume of data in this case is an order of magnitude smaller, it still represents several orders of magnitude more data than a pre-RFID scenario.\| Page 1 of 3 IT Solutions Builder TOP IT RESOURCES TO MOVE YOUR BUSINESS FORWARD Which topic are you interested in? Mobile Security Networks/IoT Cloud Data Storage Applications Development IT Management Other What is your company size? What is your job title? What is your job function? Searching our resource database to find your matches...	https://www.developer.com/tech/article.php/3494591/Emerging-Trends-in-RFID.htm
The Transport Research Arena (TRA) has gathered experts from around the world in Lisbon to discuss the foremost challenges on the path to decarbonise transport by 2050, in line with the goals set by the European Green Deal of making Europe the first carbon neutral continent. Each day has focused on a specific issue, on the third day, infrastructure being in the spotlight. Building on the concerns expressed on Monday about transport infrastructure not being able to keep up with the technological advancements that can support the sector’s green transition, the experts revealed the most difficult obstacles that have to be overcome and put forward some solutions. First and foremost, in order to deploy new or adapt existing infrastructure, heavy investment is needed and this has to be shared between public and private funding. “Tesla has deployed its charging infrastructure, but it only works for Tesla”, João Caetano, President of the Portuguese Institute for Mobility and Transport, explained. “If all electric vehicle manufacturers deployed their private charging infrastructure in public spaces, we will not have any public space left to play football for example.” Moreover, public funding ensures that the burden of modernizing the infrastructure is not passed down to consumers. At the level of the European Commission there is a clear intensified cooperation between DG ENER and DG MOVE to make sure the issues [regarding the electrification of transport] are being tackled together, so they are then able to give clear guidelines to the public as well as private sector.Dirk Beckers, Director at CINEA – European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency Electrification is one of the tools used for decarbonising transport, be it switching diesel and coal locomotives with electric ones, the uptake of electric vehicles or the advancements made in electric airplanes. The process is fully dependent on the availability of reliable renewable energy sources, which is why close collaboration between the transport and energy sectors is crucial for a successful, sustainable and reliable transport electrification. “Energy and transportation are inherently linked (…) we cannot be in a silo on this issue”, said Alasdair Cain, Director of Research, Development and Technology Coordination at the US Department of Transportation (DoT), adding that the US Departments for Energy and Transport need to collaborate.	https://traveltomorrow.com/innovative-infrastructure-to-support-transports-green-transition/
throughout most regions of the world. \| Medicine is undergoing an explosive revolution, both in the treatment and eradication of disease and in the improvement of the human condition. In the past, for example, loss of a limb would have condemned a person to a life of diminished activity and, in some cases, social ostracism. Today, even in many under-developed countries, such a loss can be overcome with technology and modern medical science. Evidence is strong that, in the near future, even such personal catastrophies as a severed spinal cord may be either reparable or surmountable through computer- and servo-augmented mechanical systems. Spaceflight, still in its infancy, promises Mankind the ability to one day travel to the stars and colonize other planets. At the time President Kennedy issued his famous challenge to place a man on the Moon, the technology and expertise necessary to do so did not exist. The achievement of that goal is one of the greatest triumphs in exploration ever conceived — how it was accomplished is the story of Man’s struggle with and mastery of technology to expand his frontiers. Each major advance in technology brings with it a new set of challenges. Major issues confronting societies throughout the world today are the responsible and ethical application of technology, how to deal with the byproducts of a technological revolution driven by economics, and the need to bring technology-derived benefits to people at all social and economic levels. A less understood but more subtle problem is that of integrating the reality of scientific and technological advance with long-held social and religious doctrines. Authored by Kenneth L. Anderson. Original article published 3 June 2003, updated 27 August 2003. Follow links to the right to learn more about pros and cons of stem cell research, one of the most ethically sensitive topics in bioscience today. At the left margin, Related Links address topics of interest pertaining to other biotech topics as well as related technology and science subjects. View the Technology & Science SiteMap for a complete list of technology and science-related topics.	http://www.tenspider-tech.net/biotechnology-biotech/stem-cell-research.html
As technology continues to evolve, with the rise of autonomous vehicles, the blockchain industry, and artificial intelligence, Turkey, NATO and others continue to invest heavily in global technological advancements. The global technological developments allow for various responses to geo-political issues, but also have the potential to add more nuance to international issues. The response to the rise in new and emerging technologies relies on international coordination and cooperation. Domestic advancement in Turkey, for instance, involves international issues and stakeholders. Turkey, the United States and NATO have continued to develop and manufacture technological devices for space, communications and vehicles. In fact, NATO’s Deputy Secretary General Mircea Geoaña has emphasized the increasing significance of international cooperation on Artificial Intelligence (AI) “as the most pervasive emerging and disruptive technology, especially when combined with other technologies such as big data, autonomy or biotechnologies” (NATO, 2021). NATO uses the Science and Technology Organization (STO) to maintain modern technology advances for further development. The transatlantic collaboration amongst NATO Member-states allows for these advancements to reach their full potential in a world facing developing challenges. Start-up businesses also reap the benefits of Turkey’s technological advancements. Internet companies such as Trendyol and Hepsiburada are becoming major players in the Turkish internet market, and have attracted attention from Silicon Valley in the U.S. Along with this, Turkey is the 20th largest market for eCommerce in 2020, and has attracted the attention of several American companies. In 2020, the centre joined the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (C41R) Network. In taking a more global approach, the goal of the center is to research the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles, and blockchain technology. Each of these are issues of focus for the U.S. as well. It is clear that Turkey is contouring its policies and posturing itself to become a leading country in the field of digital revolution while the United States uses its continued advancements and investments to combat threats. Technological advancements made in Turkey highlight the role of trans-atlantic and global partnerships while international investments, with the United States for instance, enable a comprehensive understanding of the new and emerging challenges. Global cooperation is paramount in the sharing of new technological advancements when crises arise and the most efficient manner to respond to them. The universal elements of technology allow geo-politics and foriegn policy to thrive in efficiency; however, understanding the setbacks and stagnation in regions is equally important. Source:	https://www.turkheritage.org/en/issues/technology
The other basic type of transwarp drive is the one that opens subspace ahead of a vessel, creating wormhole-like channels through which even more than one vessel could travel at a time. In order to avoid confusion, it has to be annotated that a conventional wormhole (like the Barzan Wormhole and fundamentally the artificial Bajoran Wormhole too) is actually a space inversion and not chiefly a subspace phenomenon, although many of its side effects become apparent in subspace too. Some transwarp channels, namely the transwarp network of the Borg and the corridors used by the Vaadwaur, are even reported to be permanent. Other sub-types of transwarp channels, including the technology now familiar as "quantum slipstream", resemble an elongated bubble which moves the ship through subspace and which may be controlled during the flight to a certain extent. Borg transwarp and slipstream drive require only minor modifications to the very propulsion systems of the ship. This is why they have already been successfully tested on Voyager in the years 2374 and 2375. Rather than continuous shipboard transwarp drive, Borg transwarp and slipstream drive are candidates to become the future propulsion technology of Starfleet. R&D activities on these topics are currently extensively funded. Warp field physicists and engineers, however, warn of a premature enthusiasm. They estimate that another ten years of fundamental research will be necessary until the basics of these technologies are fully understood and may be produced in series and safely integrated into Federation starships. In the wake of the newly discovered technology, it has been suggested to modify the warp scale once again within the next decade, in order to take into account transwarp factors or, more precisely, layers of deeper subspace (Transwarp I, II etc.) that may be reached using transwarp drive. It remains to be seen whether this new scale will refer to the first transwarp level as "Transwarp I", or whether it will (again) include Warp 10, 11 etc. as a more familiar equivalent to "Transwarp I, II" etc.	http://canonfodder.ex-astris-scientia.org/index.php?Science_%26amp%3B_Technology:Musings_on_Transwarp
theology, with its metaphorical character, shapes our claims about reality. Her first move is to challenge the warfare model of the relationship between Christianity and Darwins theory fostered by Andrew Dickson White and John Draper. Wilberforces attack on evolution was actually based primarily on scientific grounds, not on concerns about biblical revelation. He accepted natural selection as a process that weeded out the unfit within a species, but he felt Darwin had not provided sufficient evidence for the evolution of new species. Wilberforces argument drew implicitly on Francis Bacons earlier distinction between the book of revelation and the book of nature. Though God was the author of both books, the distinction provided scientists freedom from forcing their results to conform to biblical texts. Darwin too drew on the two-books tradition and on a close reading of William Paley, who argued from nature to an intelligent designer. Paley went further than Bacon, though, by discussing natures purpose and by moving from purpose to a personal designer and thus to a personal God. He rejected randomness in nature as well as the extinction of species. The Bridgewater Treatises continued this argument, insisting on the fixity of nature and on divine sovereignty which maintains nature and natural laws. These are the actual positions that Darwins theory of natural selection would reject. Data gathered from his voyage on the Beagle triggered Darwins conversion from natural theology to his theory of natural selection as an account of the variety and mutability of species. Recent discoveries in geology enhanced his account, including the ancient age of the earth and the possibility of sequencing the fossil record. Also contributing was Darwins knowledge of animal breeding as well as Malthus work on population and resources, with its focus on the struggle for existence. Darwins theory of natural selection and its theme of the survival of the fittest broke with natural theology not only in the concept of God as special designer of each separate species, including their direct creation and their immutability, but also with the benevolence of God. Natural theologians, it seems, had been particularly blind to the abundance of suffering and death in nature. Clifford then analyzes the role of metaphor in science, drawing on the writings of Janet Soskice, Paul Ricoeur, and Sallie McFague. She focuses on two of Darwins key metaphors: the origin of species and natural selection. Darwins theory in effect shifted the meaning of origins by describing the emergence of new species while bracketing the question of the origin of life as such. He also transformed the meaning of species; rather than fixed and discrete, they came to be seen as fluid, possessing the capacity to evolve. Darwins metaphor, natural selection, combines meanings drawn from animal breeding by humans and from nature in the wild. It suggests that nature chooses and, though Darwin rejected vitalism, he has been read as deifying nature. Clifford also points out that Darwin considered his theory compatible with belief in God, though his personal position seems to shift from belief to agnosticism. According to Clifford, then, Darwin did not intend a warfare against Christianity, only against natural theology, and here only in the form of a highly rationalistic Christian theism coupled to a limited body of scientific data. He challenged Paleys watchmaker analogy that assumed a God of radical sovereignty and a passive and static world. What might we find to replace it? McFague proposes the metaphor of the universe as Gods body. Clifford modifies this by suggesting the metaphor of a mother giving birth. It brings together in dynamic tension the reproductive and evolutionary character of nature with the biblical doctrine of God as creator. It is panentheistic, rather than pantheistic, and is, according to Elizabeth Johnson, the paradigm without equal, drawing on a wealth of biblical texts for Gods relation to the world. Finally it is compatible with Darwins rejection of God as designer, the immutability of species, and it takes up his concern to acknowledge the extent of suffering in nature.	https://counterbalance.org/ctns-vo/cliff-body.html?client=ctns2
A phylogeny is the branch of biology that deals with phylogenies, also it is a visual representation of evolutionary history and enable to reconstruct a phylogeny is to be able to analyze the similarities in characteristics of different organisms. Cladistics is a classification of animals and plants according to the characteristics that these organisms have in common. The more characteristics they share, the better you can make the conclusion that they have a common ancestor. A monophyletic group is an organism(s) that comes from a common ancestor that is not shared with any other. Synapomorphy is a characteristic in an ancestral species and shared by their evolutionary successor. Misconceptions of Evolution Three planets from the sun, over 4 billion years old, with 11 eras of dated history, the Earth has gone through many changes. Life started about 3.8 billion years ago as tiny bacteria. Homo sapiens have been on Earth about 200,000 years ago. This is 0.004% of this planet’s history. Every species had to adapt, evolve, and change to survive the world. 1. Evolutionary processes: these affect the genetic diversity within and between populations. This process involves genes which appear in every human. Evolutionary processes make humans differ in terms of appearance. It is stated that the genetic variation present in the human species is the product of the four fundamental processes of evolution (Scupin and DeCorse, 2012). Animals deal with these stresses by adapting using the mechanisms of evolution: founder effect, bottleneck, nonrandom mating, mutation, and natural selection. The animal we’ll be focusing on is the Acinonyx Jubatus, also known as the cheetah. According to the phylogenetic tree, the cheetah came from a common, but distant ancestor as the trout while sharing a common and more closely related ancestor with the red fox. The evolutionary path that led to the cheetah is shown below: As Evolution is the process of change over time. It can be split in two questions, how did something living come from something that was not alive? And, how did things that were already living turn into other living things? Natural selection is when the “breeder: is the environment. This belief of natural selection came from Charles Darwin. Beside evolution, Tree of Life also metaphorically represents the general relationship between different species over time. While the concept of sharing a common ancestor is still debated even until today, so is evolution. So does evolution actually happen? Yes, it is even still and will always be happening. There are many evidences of evolution and one of it is homology. The theory of evolution by natural selection and the evidence presented by Darwin. The evolution of biological organisms describes the changes within different populations which creates variability in their phenotypes and genotypes. The fundamental basis of evolution, is that every living individual is related by a common ancestor (Strickberger,2000.). Charles Darwin, in 1859, published one of the most credible and compelling theories of evolution, in his book ‘the origin of species’ (Darwin and Beer, 2008), which best explains the theory of natural selection. Darwin’s theory of natural selection states that living individuals show two types of variation in their phenotypes; favourable and injurious and it is the inheritance of the favourable This branch of philosophy refers to three distinct topics- 1) the biological evolution of cognitive mechanisms in animals and humans; 2) a theory that knowledge itself evolves by natural selection; and 3) the study of the historical discovery of new abstract entities. While evolutionary epistemology refers to the theory that applies the concepts of biological evolution and stages of the development of an organism to the growth of human knowledge, it also argues that knowledge, especially scientific theories, evolve according to the principles of natural selection. However, the development of knowledge can be in the form of additions to and/or consistent modifications of the existing knowledge, the initiation and growth of knowledge, the degree of acceptance of old and new knowledge or its evolution over and throughout time in a particular environment. This leads us to the claim- “Evolution of knowledge is based on the adaptation and the ability to give birth to new knowledge.” To answer this claim and support the ever-evolving knowledge, it is important to consider 'falsification of theories' as one of the possible reasons of development and evolution of There are three ways in which we can study biological psychology. Using comparative method it shows us how human behaviour can be understood by studied different types of animals and comparing them. Using inheritance we can find the genetics of an animal and what it inherits from its parents. We use physiology to see how the nervous system and hormones work in the body, how changes happen and how that can affect the brain also with how the brain operates. Charles Darwin was a man who believed that all plants, animals and humans came from previous forms. According to the theory of evolution, humans are the descendents of animals and simply evolved from their more basic state. In the case of humans, it is believed they are the descendants of ancient primates. This ideology raises the question of what the true difference is between animals and modern humans. This debate on what makes a human being a human has raged for decades and will most likely continue for many more. Despite this, while humans share many characteristics with animals, they are also fundamentally different from them. Because, Jerry Coyne, covered this idea of evolutionary change earlier in the book, his focus is on the genetic drift and natural selection being the cause for evolution, during this chapter. Therefore, pileated woodpecker are an example of an animal with adaptations that are beneficial, like the reinforced skull, and a beak that is re-enforced by cartilage. Another, factor at work creating genetic variations are Something interesting about a different type of invertebrates, the Gastropods, is that there appear to be many Lazarus taxa. What this means is that these taxa seem to disappear from the fossil record right after the extinction event but then after a prolonged time period they seem to reappear (Jablonski et al., According to ... extinction occurs when the last member of a species dies and the species cease to exist. This comes as a result from extirpation which is when a species cease to exist in a certain part of the world but not globally. Extinction is a natural process. The earth has experienced five mass extinction episodes. The first event was the Ordovician which was 400 million years ago with an unknown cause. In The Descent of Man (1871) Darwin’s overall argument is that humankind descent from common, lower form of species. Since this evolution of the human species took place over a long period of time, Darwin investigates also the “history” of mankind. As a result these two topics as are related to each other whereas the pure biological evolution can hardly be studied isolated from the development of mankind and vise versa. Darwin’s application of the concept of “Natural Selection” for human evolution serves as a useful example to see the interconnection between evolution and history (Darwin, The Descent of Man, 1871, 200). In this part of the book, Darwin describes how body structures of early humans gradually changed and adapt in order to survive Introduction The theory of evolution has been discussed, evaluated, and researched many times since the theory was first brought to light. Darwin’s theory of evolution is said to be divided into two parts, common decent and natural selection (Bouzat, 2014). Many research papers agreeing with Darwin’s theory comment on the diversity of a species and how they have descended from one common ancestor. Natural selection is a process in which species that are better adapted to the environment tend to survive and reproduce (Dictonary.com). Natural selection is seen in the finches that Darwin studied on the Galapagos Islands.	https://www.ipl.org/essay/Examples-Of-Universal-Phylogenetic-Tree-PJBJLUZTU
In 1859, Charles Darwin’s seminal book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was published and presented the groundbreaking idea that all species on Earth are the result of a slow process of evolution and continue to evolve as part of the struggle now commonly known as the survival of the fittest. Darwin’s conclusions were the fruit of many years of careful observation, but proved controversial because they challenged the prevailing religious dogma and revolutionized our understanding of the world around us. In just 50 minutes, you will learn about Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace’s contributions to biology and understand the major impact their ideas had on scientific thought in the 19th century. This straightforward and informative book provides a thorough discussion of the ideas contained in On the Origin of Species and the observations they are based on. It also features biographies of Darwin and Wallace, a valuable introduction to the political, social and economic context and an evaluation of the impact of the theory of evolution, giving you all the essential information about the development of Darwinism. About Darwin’s theory of evolution The theory of evolution posits that the species are not immutable, as implied by creationism, but rather that they are the outcome of a slow process of evolution from a common ancestor. Darwin made the observations that laid the foundations of his theory of natural selection during his voyage on board the Beagle, and worked constantly to refine them over the next 20 years before publishing his revolutionary book. This clear and accessible 42-page book is structured as follows:	https://www.50minutes.com/title/darwins-theory-of-evolution/
New ReviewHuman traits trace back to simpler species—such as chickens, for example. Using the human genomes, scientists connect these traits to their ancestral origins. A video presentation highlights the structure of human DNA and makes a... Classroom Activities: Variations in the Clam Species Clamys Sweetus 9th - 12th New ReviewWhat better substitute for a real clam than M&M's ... or Reese's Pieces! Young scholars simulate an experiment with clams using popular candies. They consider the traits of each candy, such as shell hardness and color, and which... Lamarck vs. Darwin: Introduction to Change in Organisms 9th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable New ReviewHow are traits passed down from parents? Jean Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin envisioned conflicting theories. Learn about both scientists and their theories with an insightful presentation. Giraffes and dogs serve as examples of... Evolution – Diversity of Life 9th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable New ReviewScientists noticed animals with backbones share similar bone structure despite having different forms, such as fins, arms, and wings. Young scientists gain an appreciation for evolution by understanding the history of the theory. They... Exploring Evolution and Speciation - Lesson Plan 7 mins 6th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable The first video in a five-part series on Evolution and Speciation introduces four types of evolution and addresses common misconceptions. In addition, viewers learn about topics current understanding of science does not fully explain. What Are Adaptations? - Lesson Plan 5 mins 6th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable Texas short-horned lizards shoot blood out of their eyes to deter predators. The unique adaption allows them to thrive in a hostile environment. Pupils learn more about this and other adaptations of plants, animals, and humans in the... Darwin and Natural Selection: Crash Course History of Science #22 13 mins 9th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable Charles Darwin studied many species, but he also hindered their continued study by eating his specimens. Like many sailors, he enjoyed the taste of the Galapagos tortoise so much for many years that no ship made it all the way back to... Why Do You Love Your Family? 8 mins 6th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable Is that warm, fuzzy family feeling a product of evolution? Explore altruism through a video from an engaging science series. The narrator discusses parental instincts, evolutionary fitness, and an organism's drive to ensure it passes its... Activities from the Society for the History of Psychology Website 9th - 12th The Society for the History of Psychology provides a list of teaching activities designed to acquaint learners with the various fields of psychology and introduce them to prominent psychologists. Details for several of the activities are... Evolution by Natural Selection 3 mins 9th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable Bird is the word! Young biologists discover how the tiny finch changed the way scientists viewed evolution and changes in species using a fascinating video from Fuse School's Evolution playlist. The narrator describes Darwin's journey to... Evidence for Natural Selection 3 mins 9th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable What evidence is there for natural selection? Science sleuths examine the facts using an animated Fuse School video as part of the Evolution playlist. Content includes fossil records, physical similarities, and differences in species due... Charles Darwin's Observations 3 mins 9th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable How did Charles Darwin become one of the most recognized names in biology? Introduce young naturalists to the early history of Darwin using a brief Fuse School Evolution video. The narrator discusses Darwin's beginnings as a theology... The Evolutionary Epic: Crash Course Big History #5 15 mins 9th - Higher Ed CCSS: Adaptable In the timeline of history, Stegosaurus and Tyrannosaurus rex lived further apart from each other than Tyrannosaurus rex and humans. The fifth Crash Course-Big History video in a series of 16 introduces the concept of evolution. It... LS4A - Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity 6 mins 3rd - 12th Need help putting together an uncommonly good unit about common ancestry? Check out a video that covers NGSS standard LS4A, Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity. Topics include ways to convey similarities and differences between... Does the Theory of Evolution Really Matter? 10 mins 6th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable Without the theory of evolution, we wouldn't understand the origins of HIV. The video explains three mysteries solved using the theory of evolution. It opens with shrinking fish, then the origins of HIV, and finally why grasslands turn... History of Evolutionary Thought 2 mins 9th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace jointly created the theory of evolution by natural selection. The video explains the scientists that came before and after this pivotal moment. Many still debate why we often forget about Wallace... Where Do Our Facial Expressions Come From? 5 mins 9th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable From Boston to Bora Bora, humans have the same facial expressions to convey grief, surprise, and disgust. How did we all end up on the same page emotionally? Explore innate and learned expressions in the 133rd video in a 143-part series.... Breaking the Illusion of Skin Color 15 mins 9th - 12th CCSS: Adaptable "What Darwin could not appreciate...is that there is a fundamental relationship between the intensity of ultraviolet radiation and skin pigmentation, and that skin pigmentation itself was a product of evolution." Viewers are provided... The Origin of Life - Scientific Evidence 14 mins 9th - 12th Ever wish there was a guest lecturer to help you explain the origins of life? Invite Mr. Anderson into your room with this 14-minute video lecture that describes the origins of life, age of the earth, and how scientists know what they do... Evolution Primer #4: How Does Evolution Really Work? 7 mins 9th - 12th Find out how evolution really works. This video explains the concept of adaptation and natural selection to describe how evolutionary change occurs. We'll find out that natural selection is comprised of four key components; each... Survival of the Fittest - Variations in the Clam Species Clamys sweetus 9th - 12th It's not often that you come across a clever laboratory activity that is both imaginative and comprehensive! Using M&M's and Reese's peanut butter candies to represent two different clam species, young biologists test for "relative... Worksheet: Evidence of Darwin’s Evolutionary Theory at the Fossil Park 9th - 12th Take a close-up look at the evolution of hyenas in South Africa. Natural historians read about the five hyena species found in the fossil record and examine four statements that summarize the theory of evolution. As a culminating... Introduction to Evolution and Natural Selection 18 mins 10th - 12th The evidence for natural selection is presented as a random variation of a characteristic allowing a particular strain of organism to survive with a higher probability of successful reproduction. Population change over a short period of... A Brief History of Life: How Did Everything Begin? 7th - 11th Addressing the idea of intelligent design, as well as a number of creation myths, this presentation gives a measured and scientific perspective to the beginning of the world. It includes a graphic on the Big Bang Theory, evolution, and... Methods of Teaching Evolution To Middle School Children 9th - 12th Students study evolutionary thought. They examine how characteristics are inherited and that they are a source of variation. They illustrate the perpetuation, elimination, and variation made among members of a species. They determine...	https://lessonplanet.com/search?concept_ids%5B%5D=7025&keywords=&page=all
... Wrote “Origin of Species” ... Evolution - bernadetteyoung ... Tuesday, March 1, 2016 Wednesday, March 2, 2016 ... Ch 13 - Evolution ... BIOLOGY Ch 13 – The Theory of Evolution Mrs. Stolipher VOCABULARY Population, natural selection, adaptation, vestigial structure, homologous structure, artificial selection, reproductive isolation, evolution, Darwin, Lyell, Malthus, Wallace ... Evolution and Natural Selection ... and describe the evidence that exists that supports the theory of evolution. ... What was Darwin`s Evidence for Evolution? 1. Based on his ... ... BIOLOGY Packet 11: Evolution ... At the end of this unit, the students will be able to: ... File ... Chap 22: Decent with Modification Chap 22 How does Darwin’s concept of Decent with Modification fit into the idea of Evolution today? Why was Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’s idea of evolution considered wrong? Why is Darwin’s idea of evolution considered correct? What is natural selection? How does it apply ... B1.7 Evolution ... to their surroundings – his theory is that all living organisms have evolved from simpler life forms. This process has come about by natural selection Building up the evidence: • Animal and plant specimens • Breeding experiments with pigeons • Studied barnacles • Network of friends also interested ( ... EXAM ESSAYS 5/11/07 ... Could the fossil record disprove that evolution has occurred? If so how? Explain Lamarck’s theory of evolution, and tell what he was right about and what he was wrong about. ... DARWINISM Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution ... It is a theory of biological evolution stating that all species of organisms have developed from other species, primarily through natural selection. English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term Darwinism in April 1860. NEO-DARWINISM Neo-Darwinism is the "modern synthesis" of Darwinian evolu ... Loop game. ... Modern evidence that gives a better idea of evolutionary relationships ... AP Biology FRQ 18 ... AP Biology Free Response Question #18 ... Chapter 22: A Darwinian View of Life ... How did Darwin view the history of life? T/F: A drug creates resistance. From what did Darwin draw ideas from? What is the ability of bacteria and viruses to evolve rapidly and poses a challenge to human health? What is convergent evolution? Biogeography is influenced by what? What is ... Charles Darwin ... Alfred Russell Wallace, developed the theory of evolution through natural selection. It is this name that is most closely associated with the theory of evolution. Species ... Darwin`s Theory of Evolution and Evidence of ... 1. Describe the pattern Darwin observed among organisms of the Galapagos Islands. 2. Identify how Lamarck thought species evolve. 3. Describe how natural variation is used in artificial selection. 4. Explain how natural variation is related to species’ fitness. 5. State Darwin’s theory of evolution ... Jeopardy ... Who is Charles Darwin? ... Bio1100Ch22W ... Came to the conclusion that the Earth was _______ and constantly _______. ... Learning Task – Darwinian Evolution ... Period: _______________ ... Chapter 7.1 , 7.2, and 7.3 ... Evolution is the process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations, sometimes developing into new species. Scientists continue to develop theories to explain how evolution happens. Evidence that organisms evolve can be found by comparing living organisms to ... lesson Plans - Lemon Bay High School ... Reading/discussion Powerpoint/Outline: questions: Charles Darwin Extinction and Fossil & the Theory of Evolution Formation ... review points: evolution ... Selective Breeding ... Evolution - Science with Ms. Peralez ... In Darwin’s travels aboard the HMS Beagle, which began in 1831, Charles Darwin made three important observations: The world includes tremendous diversity of living things throughout a wide range of habitats Animal species, like those in the Galapagos Islands, that are related, can have different ... Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures Co ... • Structures with no current purpose that may have been useful to an ancestor • Ex: Whale pelvis, snake leg bones, human tailbone ... File ... How would the concept of Natural Selection be linked to that of survival of the fittest? Use examples to explain your answer ... 2/19/13 Evidence for Evolution ... By comparing fossils from older rock layers to fossils from newer rock layers, scientists can document that life on earth has changed. ... 1 2 3 4 5 ... 68 > Objections to evolution Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century. When Charles Darwin published his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, his theory of evolution, the idea that species arose through descent with modification from a single common ancestor in a process driven by natural selection, initially met opposition from scientists with different theories, but came to be overwhelmingly accepted by the scientific community. The observation of evolutionary processes occurring (as well as the modern evolutionary synthesis explaining that evidence) has been uncontroversial among mainstream biologists for nearly a century and remains so today.Since then, most criticisms and denials of evolution have come from religious sources, rather than from the scientific community. Although many religions have accepted the occurrence of evolution, such as those advocating theistic evolution, there are some religious beliefs which reject evolutionary explanations in favor of creationism, the belief that a deity supernaturally created the world largely in its current form. The resultant U.S.-centered creation–evolution controversy has been a focal point of recent conflict between religion and science.Modern creationism is characterized by movements such as creation science, neo-creationism, and intelligent design, which argue that the idea of life being directly designed by a god or intelligence is at least as scientific as evolutionary theory, and should therefore be taught in public education. Such arguments against evolution have become widespread and include objections to evolution's evidence, methodology, plausibility, morality, and scientific acceptance. The scientific community, however, does not recognize such objections as valid, citing detractors' misinterpretations of such things as the scientific method, evidence, and basic physical laws.	https://studyres.com/concepts/4339/objections-to-evolution
You are welcome to search the collection of free essays and research papers. Thousands of coursework topics are available. Buy unique, original custom papers from our essay writing service. 13 results found, view free essays on page: - Darwin's Theory Of Evolution 1,705 wordsWe act like animals, we eat like animals, and we are animals. The many theories of evolution such as Darwin's theory of evolution prove to us that we choose to believe that we are not animals when we really are. Evolution is the sequential process of change over periods of time, which shapes and establishes the formation of modern man. In referring to evolution, the word means various changes. Evolution refers to the fabrication and development of life on earth. 'Organic evolution'; is the conce... - Evolutionary Mechanisms Of Natural Selection 1,588 wordsCharles Darwin had two great themes in 'On the Origin of Species' which accounted for the similarities and adaptations characteristic of living organisms. To account for the adaptations of organisms and those innumerable features that equip them for survival and reproduction, Darwin (and Wallace) independently came up with the central theory of evolutionary process: natural selection. Natural selection gives insight in to why organisms are the way that they are. Adaptations are phenotypic varian... - Example Of Evolution Through Natural Selection 680 wordsChildren often play a game called telephone, where one child whispers a statement into another child's ear, and the statement is passed on to other children; at the end of the game the last child will repeat the statement that was told to him or her. The majority of the time, the statement said would be completely different than the original one. This is an example of evolution through natural selection; where somewhere along the life span of the statement, it was modified, and the modified stat... - Darwin's Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection 811 wordsDARWIN: AN EVOLUTIONARY HERO Born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, on February 12, 1809. After graduating from the elite school at Shrewsbury in 1825, Darwin went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine. In 1827 he dropped out of medical school and entered the University of Cambridge, in preparation for becoming a clergyman of the Church of England. There he met two figures: Adam Sedgwick, a geologist, and John Stevens Henslow, a naturalist. Henslow not only helped build Darwin's sel... - Most Controversial Of Darwin's Theory 1,919 wordsDarwinism: The Theory That Shook The World Other than Mendelson and his studies with genetics, Darwin has by far contributed the most to our modern science. From his theories on variation of species to his explanation of natural selection Charles Darwin has shocked the world by proving the world older than previously thought and creatures not immutable. In this present day these theories are as common belief as a simple mathematical equation such as two plus two equals four; but in the year eigh... - Gould Rebuts Wallace 1,157 wordsCreationism vs. Evolution: Through The Eyes of Jay Gould It has been over 100 years since English naturalist Charles Darwin first told the world his revolutionary concept about how livings things develop. Evolution through natural selection and adaptation was the basis of his argument as it remains to this day a debated subject by many. Across this nation, a'return' to 'traditional' values has also brought the return of age old debated topics. One issue that truly separates Americans is the issu... - Theory Of Evolution Through Natural Selection 2,023 wordsCharles Darwin Chad Galloway More than a century after his death, and four generations after the publication of his chief work, 'The Origin of Species', Charles Darwin may still be considered the most controversial scientist in the world. His name is synonymous with the debate that continues to swirl around the theory of evolution, a theory that deeply shook the Western view of humanity and its place in the world. We tend to speak simply of the theory of evolution, leaving off the explanatory ph... - Darwin's Theory Of Natural Selection 591 wordsWhile he was on the voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle, a man named Charles Darwin viewed the relationship of plants and animals all over the world. He observed organisms on islands off the coast of South America and those on the mainland. His observations showed that these organisms were related, but not identical. This led Darwin into believing that over time, organisms must adapt to suit their environment. He explained his theories thoroughly in his book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural... - Charles Darwin And Richard Owen Wars 3,366 wordsCharles Darwin and Richard Owen Wars occur everyday, whether it be pushing and shoving or shooting and bombing. During the 1800's, a different war of conflict took place. This so-called war between Charles Darwin and Richard Owen circled on the topic of evolution. As much as it would liked to have this essay based upon a physical war between these two opposing figures, it is not the case. This war involved the use of text written by Darwin and meanwhile having Owen misinterpreting it and trying ... - Darwin's Theory Of Natural Selection 440 wordsDarwin's theories and beliefs of his time caused a huge uproar among masses of people who knew of them. Even his scientist colleagues did not like the way some of his theories contradict beliefs in the Bible. One of the major theories that started it all was that of Natural Selection. According to Darwin's theory of Natural Selection man lives in a struggle to survive. There are many outside factors that affect the whole process, for instance the climate. In the selection process, Darwin says th... - Theories Of Creation And Evolution 918 wordsThe two theories that are constantly against each other are the theories of creation and evolution. The theory of creation is based on the Bible's telling of our existence. The theory of evolution is based on the process of natural selection on how we became human. In the following I will give an outline for each theory, provide three pieces of evidence from each theory, and make a closing argument as to which theory I support. The theory of creation is based on the events in the book of Genesis... - Natural Selection For Human 704 wordsIt is fairly an infraction for believing that we (the Homo Homo sapiens) are far beyond those creatures, residing on mother earth, our Gaia, and that our moral stance on anything and everything is just and fair. Most scholars may choose to side with this argument that states: "Animals have rights as do human beings", but I shall take a different approach to this dilemma, one much more critical and scientific. Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection clearly negates the "animal rights" argume... - Darwin's Theory Of Natural Selection And Evolution 2,264 wordsCharles Darwin in his book, On the Origin of Species, presents us with a theory of natural selection. This theory is his attempt at an explanation on how the world and its species came to be the way that we know them now. Darwin writes on how through a process of millions of years, through the effects of man and the effects of nature, species have had a trial and error experiment ongoing. It is through these trials that the natural world has developed beneficial anomalies that at times seem too ... 13 results found, view free essays on page:	https://essaypride.com/topic/natural-selection/
Boy, did Darwin’s Doubt by Stephen Meyer ever kick up a dust storm. Let’s just say that Big Science-Big Education-Big Media doesn’t like this read! Did you know that Charles Darwin had doubts about his theory of evolution? Darwin openly admitted in his On the Origin of Species in 1859 that there were important weaknesses in his theory. His most significant doubt was why many complex life-forms (somewhere between 50 and 80% of all animal phyla) suddenly show up in the geologic column, with no simpler transitional forms in earlier layers of rock. It’s a mystery known as the “Cambrian explosion.” And it’s not what we should expect in Darwin’s theory. “I can give no satisfactory answer … the case at present must remain inexplicable; and may be truly urged as a valid argument against the views here entertained.” (Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species) Did he say that the Cambrian explosion could be used as an argument against his entire theory? In the Origin of Species? Earlier simpler life forms are required for Darwin’s theory The twin pillars of Darwin’s theory are common ancestry and natural selection. - Common ancestry — All life-forms can be traced to a common ancestor. Darwin wrote, “All the organic beings which have ever lived on this earth have descended from some one primordial form.” - Natural selection — Darwin believed there is a natural change process that can act on random variations and mutations in life-forms. New traits would slowly develop in species … and even new body types and species would generate over enormous spans of time. Darwin hoped there would be fossil discoveries of pre-Cambrian life forms—simpler, developing forms leading up to the Cambrian surge of complex life-forms. There have been no satisfactory discoveries in over 150 years since Origin of Species was published. Even more, paleontologists have discovered further evidence that makes the issue even more acute—like unknown, exotic Cambrian species discovered in China. Again, with no pre-Cambrian ancestors And now, there’s a revolution in biology Cambridge University scientists Dr. James Watson and Dr. Francis Crick unlocked the double helix structure of DNA in 1953. They showed how DNA stored genetic information in sophisticated digital and chemical code. It was revolutionary. A new science was born … molecular biology. In addition to biology, new scientific evidence in other disciplines like physics, cosmology, and artificial intelligence research, have fueled the questioning. Today’s scientists know that a truly awesome amount of complex biological information is necessary to build an animal. The question is this: Can the level of information required to create whole new body forms and species develop from genetic variations and natural selection? Or does this information have to come from some other source? Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould said that neo-Darwinism “is effectively dead, despite its persistence as textbook orthodoxy.” This was in 1980. Critique in the scientific community has only grown with each year. By faith we understand that the worlds (Greek, ages) were framed by the word of God, so that the things which are seen were not made of things which are visible (Hebrews 11:3 NKJ). We can draw inferences from science. But they brings us to the point where we then understand by faith that God created all things. The New Testament, An Expanded Translation by Wuest has it as, “By means of faith we perceive that the material universe and the God-appointed ages of time were equipped and fitted by God’s word for the purpose for which they were intended …. The Greek word (aion) translated worlds or ages means the material universe in this verse. It also carries the meaning of periods of time administered by the Creator. It refers to time and space and everything within it. Also, see John 1:1-4 and Romans 1:19-22. A fun and fascinating conversation with Stephen Meyer, author of Darwin’s Doubt What is the source of the sophisticated biological information required for the many animal forms we see in the Cambrian explosion? Life-forms which included complex skeletons, eyes, and even 3-part brains … seemingly arriving out of nowhere. Eric Metaxas of Socrates In the City interviews Stephen Meyer. Metaxas is a superb interviewer. Entertaiatning too. Meyer received his PhD in Philosophy of Science from the University of Cambridge after working as an oil industry geophysicist. He wrote Darwin’s Doubt: The Explosive Origin of Animal Life and the Case for Intelligent Design. See what you think … Darwin’s doubt is alive and well … and growing If Darwin doubted in the mid-1800’s … then why shouldn’t we today? Especially since there’s more evidence and knowledge to give us reason to. It turns out that doubts have been growing among scientists for years. But you wouldn’t know this. Not in the textbooks, what science spokespersons say, and in the popular media. The sense in culture is that evolution is settled science. And it dare not be challenged! Challenging the Darwin-only paradigm There is a small but fast-growing number of scientists who are questioning the Darwin-only paradigm. Could it be that a better explanation for complex biological information is intelligence or mind … and not an undirected process like random mutation and natural selection? Whether it’s a book, a symphony, or computer code … the concept is that intelligence precedes complex information. There is paranoia and massive resistance about this in Big Education, Big Media, and television and films. For many, it’s as if the materialistic, Darwinian worldview is a dogma, a religion-of-sorts. It must be venerated at all costs. It’s scientism. Any other view to this orthodoxy is heresy. Seemingly, a worldview is being challenged. You may enjoy Need the Best Information? Reach Out to the Master of Molecules on JesusSmart. Is the science settled on this? Science is said to be “settled science” on some issues today … don’t even think of challenging certain positions. “That’s settled science, it’s no longer open to debate.” The science is not settled on this issue. There is growing critique of neo-Darwinism in the scientific community. The process of scientific discovery should remain open-ended. New hypotheses can be established and the scientific method applied. Then we can have honest peer review. This is how discovery advances. With some, there is cognitive bias with Darwinism … materialism/naturalism … a closed universe influenced only by randomness and natural selection. Is this science by eisegesis (reading into it what we presuppose and want it to say) and not exegesis (allowing the evidence to speak to us)? We all have to be honest, insatiably curious, and even-handed in how we think about science. Is intelligent design our best explanation for the fossil evidence and advancements in biology? You may enjoy this post about how ideas rule everything on TrueNorth Quest. Many believe that what we see in the universe and in living things is best explained by some sort of intelligent cause. Not by a process like natural selection of random variations. Want more on intelligent design? The Information Enigma is a 21-minute documentary which looks at how biological information challenges the Darwinian theory and suggests intelligent design. This post is surely an appetizer at most on this subject. Enjoy the interview. Watch the documentary. Continue to read. Research. Reflect. The science is advancing and there is a robust conversation in the scientific community on this issue. Do you feel there’s opportunity to doubt Darwin? What are your thoughts? What larger worldview issues are at play here?	https://jesussmart.com/darwins-doubt-intelligent-design/
Changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment will help it survive and have more offspring. Evolution by natural selection is one of the best substantiated theories in the history of science, supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific disciplines, including paleontology, geology, genetics and developmental biology. More simply put, the theory can be described as "descent with modification," said Briana Pobiner, an anthropologist and educator at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D. The theory is sometimes described as " survival of the fittest ," but that can be misleading, Pobiner said. He was the grandson of two prominent abolitionists: Erasmus Darwin on his father's side, and Josiah Wedgwood on his mother's side. Painting of seven-year-old Charles Darwin in Both families were largely Unitarianthough the Wedgwoods were adopting Anglicanism. Robert Darwin, himself quietly a freethinkerhad baby Charles baptised in November in the Anglican St Chad's Church, Shrewsburybut Charles and his siblings attended the Unitarian chapel with their mother. The eight-year-old Charles already had a taste for natural history and collecting when he joined the day school run by its preacher in That July, his mother died. From Septemberhe joined his older brother Erasmus attending the nearby Anglican Shrewsbury School as a boarder. Darwin found lectures dull and surgery distressing, so he neglected his studies. He learned taxidermy in around 40 daily hour-long sessions from John Edmonstonea freed black slave who had accompanied Charles Waterton in the South American rainforest. One day, Grant praised Lamarck 's evolutionary ideas. Darwin was astonished by Grant's audacity, but had recently read similar ideas in his grandfather Erasmus' journals. He learned the classification of plants, and assisted with work on the collections of the University Museumone of the largest museums in Europe at the time. As Darwin was unqualified for the Triposhe joined the ordinary degree course in January His cousin William Darwin Fox introduced him to the popular craze for beetle collecting; Darwin pursued this zealously, getting some of his finds published in James Francis Stephens ' Illustrations of British entomology. He became a close friend and follower of botany professor John Stevens Henslow and met other leading parson-naturalists who saw scientific work as religious natural theologybecoming known to these dons as "the man who walks with Henslow". When his own exams drew near, Darwin applied himself to his studies and was delighted by the language and logic of William Paley 's Evidences of Christianity In his final examination in January Darwin did well, coming tenth out of candidates for the ordinary degree. He studied Paley's Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity first published inwhich made an argument for divine design in natureexplaining adaptation as God acting through laws of nature. Inspired with "a burning zeal" to contribute, Darwin planned to visit Tenerife with some classmates after graduation to study natural history in the tropics. \|Evolution and Religion Research Package\|\|This link takes you to an external website. To return here, you must click the "back" button on your browser program.\| \|New Study Model of Evolution\|\|Darwin's general theory presumes the development of life from non-life and stresses a purely naturalistic undirected "descent with modification".\| \|Darwin and Wallace rewrite the theory of evolution Darwin and Wallace presented their accounts of evolution at the same meeting Darwin finally went public with his groundbreaking theory of evolution by natural selection, while making sure that Wallace received some credit.\| In preparation, he joined Adam Sedgwick 's geology course, then on 4 August travelled with him to spend a fortnight mapping strata in Wales. The ship was to leave in four weeks on an expedition to chart the coastline of South America. As FitzRoy had intended, Darwin spent most of that time on land investigating geology and making natural history collections, while HMS Beagle surveyed and charted coasts. Most of his zoology notes are about marine invertebrates, starting with plankton collected in a calm spell. FitzRoy had given him the first volume of Charles Lyell 's Principles of Geology, which set out uniformitarian concepts of land slowly rising or falling over immense periods, [II] and Darwin saw things Lyell's way, theorising and thinking of writing a book on geology. He identified the little-known Megatherium by a tooth and its association with bony armour, which had at first seemed to him to be like a giant version of the armour on local armadillos. The finds brought great interest when they reached England. He read Lyell's second volume and accepted its view of "centres of creation" of species, but his discoveries and theorising challenged Lyell's ideas of smooth continuity and of extinction of species.Charles Darwin and Evolution Charles Darwin was born in England in He enjoyed studying biology and geology, and in , he got the opportunity to serve as a naturalist on a trip around the. Darwin's Theory of Evolution - Natural Selection While Darwin's Theory of Evolution is a relatively young archetype, the evolutionary worldview itself is as old as antiquity. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Anaximander postulated the development of life from non-life and the evolutionary descent of . Charles Darwin was a naturalist who observed many aspects of nature and compiled his ideas into a theory called natural selection. More specifically, his theory is called the theory of evolution by natural selection because it . Darwin and Natural Selection. Most educated people in Europe and the Americas during the 19th century had their first full exposure to the concept of evolution through the writings of Charles grupobittia.comy, he did not invent the idea. That happened long before he was born. However, he carried out the necessary research to conclusively document that evolution . Oct 06, · Darwin, Then and Now - a chronicle of the rise and fall of the theory of evolution. The book focuses on who Darwin was, what motivated him, what he said, and what scientists have discovered since the publication of The Origin of Species in The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" in , is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.	https://pucavepimehiw.grupobittia.com/a-study-on-the-theory-of-evolution-by-charles-darwin-1455wj.html
This field armor is a combination of armor sourced from Austria and Germany, and was used in the mid-1500's. Made of etched & partially blackened steel and leather, this armor would have been utilized by a night in battle. The armor's most striking features are the three images etched into the chest of the armor. On the left, a knight can be seen praying to the center image of Jesus on the crucifix. This may suggest that the knight to whom this armor belonged was fighting with religious motivations or convictions. On the left there is an intricate coat of arms surrounded by images of knights' helmets. In this armor, we can see how the craftsman took care to ensure it was aesthetically nearly flawless. Given that it is field armor, this implies that its owner was quite wealthy, since intricately decorated armor generally suggests that the knight wearing it could afford to damage a custom-built and decorated piece of battle equipment. In addition to the beautiful engravings on the chest piece, one can see the attention paid to the details of the practical pieces of this set of armor. The plates protecting the underarms have points in the middle to force the sword to glance off of the knight, and the shoulders are layered to provide more maneuverability. Creator Photos taken by Elena Prieto. Source Armor made in Innsbruck, Austria and Nuremberg, Germany. Publisher Philadelphia Museum of Art Date 1540 Files Citation Photos taken by Elena Prieto., “Field Armor: Austria and Germany,” War & Conquest in Medieval Europe, accessed July 13, 2020, http://pennds.org/warandconquest/items/show/64.	http://pennds.org/warandconquest/items/show/64
The two main devices (symbols) in the Huntley blazon are the buck’s head and buglehorn. The two main tinctures (colors) are sable and argent. Sable, the deep black so often found in Heraldry is believed to named from an animal of the marten family know in the middle ages as a Sabellinœ and noted for its very black fur 1. In engravings, when colors cannot be shown it is represented as closely spaced horizontal and vertical lines, and appropriately is thus the darkest form of hatching, as this method is known 2. Although it may seem a sombre tone, and does indeed sometimes denote grief, it is more commonly said to represent Constancy 3. Argent is the heraldic metal Silver and is usually shown as very pure white. It is also known more poetically as pearl, moon (or luna) 4. In a sketch or drawing it is represented by plain, unmarked paper 5. The chief is an area across the top of the field 6. It appears in many different forms and can itself be charged with other charges and ordinaries, 7, being treated almost as if it were a completely separate area. In its simplest form it can be clearly identified. Early examples include the award by Henry III of England to the knight Robert de MORTEYN BRETON of Ermine, a chief gules.	https://coadb.com/surnames/huntley-arms.html
We are currently performing an upgrade to our software. This upgrade will bring MediaWiki from version 1.31 to 1.33. While the upgrade is being performed on your wiki it will be in read-only mode. For more information check here. Suit of Armor Suit of Armor is a rare neutral unit card that is summoned for 3 gold. Contents Appearance[edit \| edit source] A set of traditional knight armor equipped with a sword. Stats[edit \| edit source] Suit of Armor has 9 health, 0 attack, and 0 movement. Ability[edit \| edit source] Suit of Armor gains 8 attack on the next turn. Suit of Armor cannot gain movement.	https://cardsandcastles.gamepedia.com/Suit_of_Armor
The etchings of age, pain, and sorrow were upon his brow and cheeks. Besides being a painter in oil and fresco Rousseau was an etcher of some ability; many etchings by his hand from the works of the Caracci and from his own designs still exist; they are vigorous, though coarse in execution. See also Clayton, Churches of Sir C. Wren (1848-1849); Taylor, Towers and Steeples of Wren (London, 1881); Niven, City Churches (London, 1887), illustrated with fine etchings; A. He also executed some etchings. Wheatley, London past and present; Vestiges of Old London, etchings by J. Linton and a dozen etchings by H. The art museum, in Eden Park, contains paintings by celebrated European and American artists, statuary, engravings, etchings, metal work, wood carving, textile fabrics, pottery, and an excellent collection in American ethnology and archaeology. 30) he published The Seven Lamps of Architecture, with his own etchings, which greatly increased the reputation acquired by his Modern Painters. Koehler, A Chronological Catalogue of the Engravings, Dry Points and Etchings of A. He was a friend of Rembrandt, who painted his portrait and engraved four etchings to illustrate his Piedra gloriosa. In his beloved Italy his etchings are suffused with a classicism that nonetheless appeals to a contemporary aesthetic. accompany the exhibition of the etchings by David Hockney of six of the Grimm Fairy tales. Or changes in textures have been used by Albrecht DÃ¼rer to create illusory contours in his etchings such as Rhinoceros. The emboss prints will be released as a limited edition of 5 and the emboss etchings as a limited edition of 10. Jenny Devereux - Jenny Devereux has built up an international reputation for her hand printed, limited edition etchings. etchings by local artists on the walls, some of which were for sale. There will be sixteen unframed landscape etchings on display from 2nd November 2002 until 28th February 2003. I have a set of " planetary glyphs, " tokens inscribed with various planetary etchings. ingrained tendency to ignore etchings was revealed to me here to be a bit ridiculous, as is perhaps clear, rather rapidly. Evolution, Mackenzie's series of etchings, aquatints and stone lithography is his first significant foray into this medium. If it's hand-painted it may command a higher price, as will the addition of gold and/or silver etchings. Intricate glass etchings can also still be appreciated in the Mermaid Lounge. Wine Label - The name of the company is simple and they not only offer beautiful wine labels, but etchings as well. With etchings, this company uses a sandblaster to actual etch your chosen label into the bottle and then paint it in the colors of your choosing. By contrast, cell phone covers made of aircraft-quality aluminum and featuring intricate designs -- perhaps even with engravings or etchings -- can easily cost quite the pretty penny. For monograms and etchings, the easiest and surest way to find quick and accurate service is at a local mall. Pretty leaf etchings on the side of the FC Flora boot add a feminine quality to this leather beauty. Other celebrities with tattoos go the mystical route, choosing either religious symbols or foreign etchings. Two of Drew Barrymore's most famous etchings are her angel and butterfly. This could be a design of a bat out of a book of old clipart, etchings or lithographs. Although you can buy custom glass etchings from a variety of online retailers, it's even more fun to make them yourself. Whether you choose to buy stencils or make your own, custom glass etchings make great gifts. The word usage examples above have been gathered from various sources to reflect current and historial usage. They do not represent the opinions of YourDictionary.com.	https://sentence.yourdictionary.com/etchings
"Goodbye Papa" is a touching drama about a boy coping with the death of his father and the grief that comes with it. Young Benedict is very attached to his father's old set of medieval armor and it is the only thing that gives him any comfort. Trying to be a knight, he ends up getting into a fight at school with a long-time bully. His mother is forced to sell his suit of armor in an effort to help her son move on. Benedict must then go on a great adventure to get the armor back. Along the way, he learns what it is to be a true knight, with or without his armor.	http://streamingfestival.com/video/?a=i&i=1886
Can you match these medieval knights to the right TV shows? Canst thou fulfill the quest of this quiz? Medieval knights, or at least characters dressed in suits of armor, showed up surprisingly often in classic shows. There were funny knights, Old West knights and knights in space! Here are 10 knights you may recognize from sitcoms, sci-fi shows and more. Can you match each one to the right series? - Do you recognize this knight in shining armor? - What are these two knights from? - These knights duked it out in the living room! - This knight is on a quest in... - Which Looney Tunes character is in this suit of armor? - Which Western is this swordsman from? - This knight charged forth in... - Which show put on this medieval play? - This knight tried to free someone from jail in... - This knight was a little turned around in...	https://www.metv.com/quiz/can-you-match-these-medieval-knights-to-the-right-tv-shows
Knights: A Mother’s Welcome For some weird reason, it was not a quartermaster who came out to meet the newcomers, but a knight in paladin’s armor escorted by three order sergeants. The paladin’s armor was built to resemble woman’s features – obviously a mighty expensive and complex suit even by knightly armor standards. Each of them had an azure tabard with a golden cross on it. Just like the one Helen had. And finally Delgado realized. “Thank you for saving my daughter” coldly said lady Rosenko-Alvarez, countess of Long Lagoon of Albatross 7. “To tell the truth, milady,” Delgado replied bowing down, “it was she who saved us.” “Indeed?” the lady sounded surprised “I am pleased to hear it. Seems like the new fencing instructor was really worth it…” “I am glad to see you too milady”, interrupted Helen. “…but there’s much more to work on, most certainly” the countess continued coldly, “Take this scrap off her and bring it back into shape as quickly as possible. We’ll have to hold with what we have, and there’s too few of us.” Having said this to the order sergeants, the countess turned around and headed to the other side of the camp. As the commander of the ground operation, she obviously had her hands full. The soldiers stabilized Helen’s armor, opened the rear panel and helped the young knight to get out. Of course, the noble houses had access to the best rejuvenation technologies, but this time it was a real fourteen-year-old girl that emerged from a battered suit of armor. She smiled and let her hair down.	https://www.vergeofwar.com/knights-a-mothers-welcome/
Merlin's Armor is a full-body armor worn by Merlin. Description Merlin's Armor is a green suit of knight's armor, complete with a breastplate (the chest area), pauldrons (the shoulder areas), vambraces (the forearm areas), cuisses (the thigh areas), poleyns (the knee areas), greaves (the leg areas), and sabatons (the feet areas) with green trimmings, but white when in full power. Underneath the armor, there is gray inner layer. The vambraces have retractable blades, which Merlin used in his confrontation with Jim. Powers Limitations Appearances \|Appearances in the Trilogy\| \| \| Trollhunters Part Three 3Below Part One Trivia Gallery Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.	https://talesofarcadia.fandom.com/wiki/Merlin%27s_Armor
Politics and Religion in 17th Century Dutch Art Seventh graders examine different pieces of Dutch Art. They identify its social and political meanings by using cultural and historical information. They examine maps of the time period as well. 5 Views 5 Downloads Resource Details Start Your Free Trial Save time and discover engaging curriculum for your classroom. Reviewed and rated by trusted, credentialed teachers.Try It Free - Collections - Activities & Projects - Assessments - Graphics & Images - Handouts & References - Interactives - Lab Resources - Learning Games - Lesson Plans - Presentations - Primary Sources - Printables & Templates - Professional Documents - Study Guides - Units - Videos - Websites - Graphic Organizers - Worksheets - Writing Prompts - Constructed Response Items - Apps - AP Test Preps - Articles - Lesson Planet Articles - Audios - Courses - eBooks - Interactive Whiteboards - Rubrics - Syllabis - All Resource Types - Show All See similar resources: Lessons in Leadership, Roosevelt Style It's easy to criticize those in power until you're sitting at their desk, faced with the same decisions. A history lesson prompts secondary learners to research the Roosevelt presidencies through the lens of leadership and... 7th - 12th English Language Arts CCSS: Designed Folk Art: Bird of Paradise Quilt Top Learners examine a "Bird of Paradise Quilt Top" to discover what the themes and patterns tell about mid-nineteenth-century America. In this American Folk Art lesson, students discuss the possible creator of the quilt and the symbols... 7th - 9th Visual & Performing Arts The Art of Furniture: Decorations Inspired by Nature What inspires furniture designers? As learners of all ages view examples of woodworking used in French and American furniture, they discuss woodworkers' techniques and inspirations. They identify techniques such as veneering and... 2nd - 12th Visual & Performing Arts Lesson: The Significance of Symbols in Japan A fabulous Samurai suit of armor is the inspiratoin for a creative reseach project and presentation. Kids research the symbols found on the Samurai armor, describing the symbols meaning or significance in Japanses culture. 7th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts Immigration Debates in the Era of "Open Gates" Young social historians examine immigration debates of the early 20th century through primary sources, such as political cartoons. They analyze the material, discuss their findings, and complete a critical thinking worksheet. All... 7th - 9th Social Studies & History African Masks And Their Impact On Western Art Explore the influence of African-style masks on Western art. Learners create individual masks using construction paper. They discuss and explore the techniques used to create these types of masks. The resource includes links to...	https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/politics-and-religion-in-17th-century-dutch-art
This article is still being written. Please consult the other authors working on this project before editing. Almeda Zuria is a legendary hero of Nevira, their Maiden Knight who rose from obscurity to lead her beleaguered people against the aggression of Gilderdammen and the corrupt Equinex Orestes II. The last King of Nevira, Emilio V of the previous Trastámara Dynasty made her his heir after his sons perished in the war. The Armor of the Maiden KnightEdit In her lifetime, Almeda's armor was a suit of steel plate armor, the choice of most Neviran heavy cavalry warriors. Though it was the work of an expert artisan, it was strictly functional. Many years after her passing, it was re-designed to be a propaganda symbol. In a collaboration between the Neviran artist Simón Astorga and the Zilarescan industrialist and fabricator Norman Bliss, a baroque suit of steel armor was electroplated in chromium and detailed with silver and platinum filigree. In a somewhat controversial move, a wing in the heathen tradition was added to the backside: a frame of painted yew with silver-plated eagle feathers. Modern artistic renditions of Almeda portray her wearing this ostentatious armor.	https://tales-of-madness.fandom.com/wiki/Almeda_Zuria
- For the "batsuit" used for human flying, see wingsuit flying. \|Script error: No such module "String".\| \| Batman (DC Rebirth version).png\| Batman's suit in DC Rebirth (2016) Art by Jim Lee, Scott Williams, and Alex Sinclair \|Publication information\| \|Publisher\|\|DC Comics\| \|First appearance\|\| Detective Comics #27\| (May 1939) \|Created by\|\|Bill Finger and Bob Kane\| \|In story information\| \|Type\|\|Costume\| \|Element of stories featuring\|\| Batman\| Robin The Batsuit (or Bat-Suit) is the costume of the fictional superhero Batman, who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The suit has been depicted in various ways, and the stories themselves have described Batman as modifying the details of his costume from time to time. However, it usually consists of a grey body suit, the chest emblazoned with a stylized black bat, and blue-black accessories: a wide scalloped cape, gloves with a series of fin-like projections, boots, and a close-fitting cowl (covering the upper half of his face) with ear-like projections to suggest a bat's head; and a utility belt containing a variety of gadgets. Batman's costume is used to both conceal his identity and frighten criminals. Most versions of the Batsuit incorporate some form of body armor, powered exoskeleton, "wingsuit"-cape, built-in augmented reality computer, night-vision, gas filters, and other aids for protection or effectiveness in combat. Contents - 1 Origin and development - 2 Variants in publication - 3 The New 52 - 4 DC Rebirth - 5 Elseworlds - 6 Other media appearances - 6.1 Animation - 6.2 Live-action - 6.3 Video games - 7 References Origin and development[edit \| edit source] Origin[edit \| edit source] While brooding in his study over how to be a more effective crime fighter, Bruce Wayne saw a bat come through his window. Reflecting that "criminals are a superstitious, cowardly lot," Bruce adopts the persona of a bat in order to conceal his identity and strike fear into his adversaries. In the later elaborations on the origin, Bruce is terrified by bats as a child, and in the Silver Age story The First Batman (later retold in the 1980 miniseries The Untold Legend of the Batman) the inspiration for the batsuit comes in part from a bat costume worn to a costume ball by his father Dr. Thomas Wayne, M.D. Color scheme[edit \| edit source] Batman's cape, cowl, gloves, briefs, and boots are usually either black or dark blue with the body of the costume being grey. Originally the suit was conceived as being black and grey, but due to coloring schemes of early comic books, the black was highlighted with blue. Hence, over the years the black cape and cowl appeared as dark blue in the comic books. Thus artists' renditions depict the costume as both black and grey or blue and grey. The bat symbol on the chest has also alternated from a simple black bat, to a bat design on a yellow ellipse, lending a logo-like appearance more akin to Superman's "S"-in-shield logo. The yellow ellipse was introduced in 1964 as part of the "New Look" Batman stories. In Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, the yellow ellipse design was explained as being a heavily under-armored, intentional target, to draw enemy fire away from his unarmored head and body. A subsequent issue of Shadow of the Bat re-established the concept. The yellow ellipse was eventually removed in 2000 after a 36-year run and is replaced by a large black bat-emblem, which resembles the one from the Golden age comics. Other elements, such as the utility belt and the length of the cowl's ears, have been changed by various artistic teams. Basic suit[edit \| edit source] Bob Kane’s original sketch of the character was very different from the Batman we know today. Kane showed the very first drawing of a character he had first named the Bat, then Bat-Man, to Bill Finger who was the writer he hired to write the first Batman stories. Bill thought that the character looked too much like Superman, so he suggested major changes that would prove to be everlasting to the character’s legacy. Finger took a Webster's Dictionary off the shelf, looking for a drawing of a bat, and found one. He then said to Kane, "Notice the ears, why don't we duplicate the ears?" He then suggested that Kane would draw what looked like a cowl, to bring the nosepiece down and make him look mysterious and not show any eyes at all. Finger didn't like the bird-like wings, so he also suggested to Kane to re-design them and make a cape instead, and scallop the edges so it would flow out behind Batman when he ran so it would look like bat wings as well as adding a bat symbol on the character's chest as it's chest emblem. He also suggested that the color of his bodysuit should be gray instead of red and a pair of gloves were added, colored purple from the start but later changed to blue. Similar to many other superhero costumes, the Batsuit's basic foundation is a tight bodysuit. In early depictions, contrasting briefs were worn over a one-piece suit, similar to the garb of early 20th century circus performers and strongmen. Batman #1 (June 1940) revealed that there is a bulletproof vest sewn into the costume. Modern depictions of Batman's suit do not incorporate contrasting briefs, and the character's suit consists of pants without a color change. The Batsuit is also no longer portrayed as a one-piece suit, as the top and pants are separate pieces. The Post-Crisis version of the bodysuit is not constructed from simple fabric, but from fictional advanced materials that gives it resistance to tearing. In addition, the suit also contains various defense and protection mechanisms layered into the suit's fabric. The basic version of the Batsuit is insulated against electricity and is mildly fire resistant. Batman utilizes many different body armor designs, some of which are constructed into his Batsuits, and others which are separate. In its most basic version, the suit is bulletproof around the upper torso and back. Other versions are entirely bulletproof to small arms fire, and have advanced flexible armor plating. In the video game, Batman: Arkham Asylum Batman wears a basic batsuit throughout the game but can unlock a new "Armored" batsuit after completing the main story-line. The armored suit is much bulkier and features heavy plate armor on the torso and limbs and segmented armor on the joints and neck. Cape[edit \| edit source] As different artists have taken over the responsibility of drawing the costume, the details of the suit have changed considerably. The original incarnation of the cape was a wing-like structure that may have been inspired by drawings by Leonardo da Vinci. This eventually evolved into a more cape-like design of varying length with scalloped edges to resemble the wings of a bat. The material of the cape has varied with different writers, sometimes being depicted as bulletproof and fire resistant, and other times being made of simple fabric that tears easily and is continuously replaced. For example, in the Batman: The Animated Series episode "Robin's Reckoning", Batman fell through a floor heavily compromised by machine-gun fire and landed badly, hurting his leg. He ripped up his cape and used some pieces of broken wood to make an impromptu ankle splint. He is also commonly seen with the cape able to wrap around his entire body, usually whenever he is standing or sometimes, when walking. The cape may also incorporate Nomex fire-resistant/retardant material (as demonstrated in the film Batman Forever and the Knightfall novelization by Denny O'Neil) and a Kevlar weave to slow the impact of bullets. In The Dark Knight Strikes Again, the ends of the cape contained razor-sharp blades which Batman used to slice through several corrupt government officials. Batman's usage of the cape as a mode of transportation differed over the years. A hang-glider version of this concept was presented in Batman Returns, in which a harness folds out of the cape to make it a rigid wing-like structure, then folds back when the wearer rolls forward on the ground after landing. In the show Justice League Batman ejected from the Batplane with his cape acting as a parachute using a harness. In the 2005 film Batman Begins, the cape was also used as a sort of wingsuit; when an electric current was applied to the cape, the shape-memory fibers (much like Shape memory polymer) aligned into a semi-rigid form resembling a bat's wings, allowing Batman to glide over the streets and rooftops of Gotham. After Dick Grayson took over the identity of Batman, he and Damian Wayne, the new Robin and Bruce Wayne's biological son, developed a "para-cape" for their costumes which gives them an ability to glide. However, at the beginning, Grayson finds that the new cape has too much weight. The Batman Arkham series also gave Batman the same gliding ability as in Batman Begins. In the 2010 comic book mini-series Batman Beyond, Dick Grayson explains that there is also a tactical reason for adding a cape to the costume: misdirection. It "hides the body, makes it difficult to know where to strike" when Batman moves, with the result that villains attacking him at long range cannot determine whether they are shooting at Batman's body or just the cape. A flashback reveals that after armor-piercing rounds from the Joker's gun penetrated the cape, it saved Bruce but Dick, who was behind him, was critically wounded. It explains why Bruce eliminates the cape on the Batman Beyond incarnation of the Batsuit, as he'd rather be the one who got shot instead of others. Cowl[edit \| edit source] Mainly the cowl conceals Batman's features and contributes to his imposing appearance. There may be something added to the cowl that alters how people see Batman when looking at him directly. Batman's cowl has sometimes served other purposes. Occasionally, the cowl is depicted as having defense mechanisms such as electric shock or stun gas in order to prevent unauthorized removal (as shown in The Dark Knight, Batman: Hush, Superman/Batman and Justice League of America #24). In Batman Begins, Bruce Wayne mail orders the materials to build the cowl through a maze of untraceable shell companies. To avoid suspicion, Wayne orders very large quantities of 10,000, each part sent to different location, and under different aliases. However, because some meta-human criminals have the power to see through solid objects, Batman also lines the cowl with lead to protect his identity. That property is absent in The New Batman/Superman Adventures crossover "World's Finest", where Superman saw through Batman's cowl with ease. The cowl has also been depicted with shifting optical lenses that identify suspect's identities, as well as their weak points (through medical records), while simultaneously avoiding the possibility of eye identification. The cowl's lenses incorporate multiple vision modes like infrared vision (heat sensors), night vision, and ultraviolet vision, and a digital camera for obtaining evidences. Also, in The Dark Knight, Batman uses a sonar concept (via Cellphone) introduced by Lucius Fox. This technology is utilized by using echolocation to triangulate objects via cell phones. In Detective Comics #838 (January 2008), it is revealed that Batman also has an echolocation system in the cowl. In Batman: The Animated Series, Batman wears a special motorcycle helmet when riding his Batcycle that is molded with bat ears to accommodate his cowl's ears. In Batman: Arkham Asylum, Batman extensively uses a sophisticated "detective mode" vision enhancement built into the cowl that allows him to see enemies in darkness, including through walls, see their condition and state of alertness, and detect and identify hidden objects and analyze evidence. It also gives him the white eyes while it is activated. One of the cowl's ears carries a high-gain antenna for an internal communication device on the left side of the cowl, allowing Batman to stay in contact with his allies. This communication device is capable of scanning police radios and other communication frequencies. It also carries an inertial navigation unit to keep him in balance when facing foes such as the Scarecrow or Count Vertigo. The cowl's Kevlar panels provide a level of protection for his head against firearms. The front of the skull and the sides of the temples also have small armor inserts to increase the effectiveness of skull strikes and protect from concussive blows. Repeated encounters with the Mad Hatter also forced Batman to shield his cowl against the villain's mind control. Its basic design has remained unchanged; however, it has been frequently updated for Batman's needs. Batman: The Brave and the Bold shows that the cowl's ears are able to change lengths for various uses in. However, artist Karl Kerchl has drawn Batman's costume vault showing that he has a wide selection of cowls with ears of different lengths. Despite that, Dick Grayson's cowl supposedly has the same features as Bruce Wayne's, although Grayson often finds that wearing it interferes with his peripheral vision (although this is probably only inexperience with the cowl, as Grayson primarily wore a domino mask). In Batman: Cacophony, during Batman's hunt with the masked serial killer Onomatopoeia, he reinforced one of his cowls with a secondary armor beneath its kevlar headpiece with bloodpack lining in anticipation of being shot in the skull, to create an opportunity to fake his own death to get himself closer to the villain. This was based on assassin Deadshot's helmet designs. Gloves[edit \| edit source] Batman is often depicted as wearing dark-colored gloves which extend to cover most of his forearms. In the earliest Batman stories of Detective Comics, the costume featured a few curiosities before it evolved in to its more or less standard style. The first gloves were purple in color, ordinary looking, and lacked any sort of scalloped fins or other stylings, and only came to the wrists. The second Batman adventure depicted the character wearing no gloves at all. A few issues later the gloves became longer, and by 1940 the familiar fins were added. In early stories, these fins originally resembled miniature, scalloped bat wings, but eventually became three simple triangular fins. In some later incarnations, the scallops are attached to a separated bracer worn below the glove around the wrist. In Batman Begins these bracers are part of the costume Wayne wore during his League of Shadows training, painted black - this set are hard enough to slice Ra's al Ghul's sword into many pieces. The scallops typically serve a defensive purpose and are used to defend against bladed weapons, such as swords or knives. The gloves are sometimes depicted as being capable of launching the scallops as projectiles. Batman also has electrical shockers in the fingertips of his gloves, which are used to control the structure of his cape. Additionally, Batman hides a few pieces of his arsenal in his gloves, such as a lock pick and miniaturized batarangs. The knuckles of each glove have been depicted as containing a small amount of lead shot to increase the force of his blows. Similar knuckle reinforcement can be seen in the video game Batman: Arkham Asylum, where Batman actually sprays his knuckles with an explosive gel to drastically increase the force of a punch (shredding the glove and nearly breaking his arm in the process). In the 2004 series The Batman, Batman's gloves have sharp claws embedded in the fingertips. Boots[edit \| edit source] Template:Unreferenced section In Batman: Year One, it is depicted that Batman hid a few pieces of his arsenal in his leather boots, such as a blow gun (its length made it impossible to fit in Batman's belt compartment) with fast-acting anesthetic darts and an ultrasonic device built into his left heel. The basic design of the boots are modeled on tactical boots, but they are made from lightweight rubbers and are much more flexible to allow for full extension when kicking. The bottom is a flexible split sole design and is textured for a variety of surfaces. The boots also have steel toes, making them much more effective when on the offensive. Although Batman is already an elite swimmer, during the Batman: Hush storyline, it is revealed that he installed underwater propellers in the heels. In Batman Begins, a boot heel is revealed to contain an ultrasonic signaling device capable of calling live bats to it as a form of protection and cover for Batman during a getaway. This device was originally introduced in the Batman: Year One series. Armor[edit \| edit source] The Batsuit has been repeatedly updated in order to reflect advances in technology. Originally the costume contained no protective armor. However, the real world advent of various forms of personal protective materials like Kevlar and the realization that being shot while wearing such protection should still be avoided, has led to the costume being re-imagined with varying forms of bulletproof protection which employs the aforementioned use of the suit's chest symbol as a bull's-eye to lure shots at the armor's strongest point. Despite the armor, Batman almost always evades gunfire and is very rarely actually shot. In the 1989 film "Batman", the chest-plate is designed to look like a ripped upper body and one of the Joker's men shoots Batman nearly point-blank in the chest. The suit's body armor saved his life yet the force was still enough to briefly render him unconscious. Although the suit often included a neck brace and other preventative bracing, after recovering from his spinal cord injury resulting from Bane's attack, Batman reinforced the armor with a spinal brace and a material to dampen shocks and impact to protect him from such attacks. The Batsuit also has a magnetic signature harness, allowing Batman to attract his body to a gargantuan metal object such as an airplane. During The Resurrection of Ra's al Ghul, Batman acquired an ancient suit of armor from Talia al Ghul, The Suit of Sorrows. According to its legends, it can impart strength and speed of its wearer but also would completely corrupt anyone whose heart and soul is not pure. At first, the Dark Knight was dubious of the legend, but eventually experienced an aggressive behavior while wearing the armor during patrols. Batman later learns from a member of The Order Of The Pure, a splinter faction of The Order Of St. Dumas, that the armor once belonged to a knight named Geoffrey de Cantonna, who massacred hundreds of people in an alpine valley in 1190. The Suit of Sorrows becomes one of the trophy displays within the Batcave, to remind the Dark Knight that he must be ever vigilant not only in his crusade against crime, but also himself. The new Azrael takes up wearing the suit eventually. In all eight one-shots of Bruce Wayne: The Road Home, which sets after the events of Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne, show that Batman, acting as "The Insider", has developed an exosuit mimicking Amazo's capability of copying metahuman powers, includes Superman's heat vision, superspeed which is labelled with SF as in The Flash's Speed Force, Martian Manhunter's invisibility, emitting a Green Lantern's ring's energy, a lasso mirroring Wonder Woman's Lasso of Truth, and superstrength. There is a design flaw on this suit: it uses too much power to keep it functioning. Thus, Batman must only use it for a limited amount of time. Lucius Fox also supplies Bruce Wayne and his son Damian a pair of experimental jetsuit prototypes. They can provide artificially enhanced strength and endurance as well as short-range flight capability. The prototypes are considered too risky and expensive for operational military use, allowing the Waynes to utilize them for the family's Batman Inc. project. Utility belt and other equipment[edit \| edit source] Batman's utility belt is his most characteristic prop, much like Wonder Woman's Lasso of Truth, or Green Lantern's ring. The exact contents of this belt are not known because Batman usually changes it to suit his needs. His uncanny ability to carry unusually appropriate tools is legendary. Batman's enemies are especially interested in the utility belt as they believe it will give them an advantage over him, but the belt's compartments are locked and only Batman knows how to open them. There have been a few instances where the security has been bypassed: in the Justice League episode "Injustice for All", Lex Luthor managed to open the belt by subjecting it to intense electrical shocks and in an episode of The Batman "The Cat and the Bat" Catwoman stole Batman's utility belt and managed to open the capsules. The utility belt is depicted as having defense mechanisms such as electric shock, locks, marker paint, or stun gas in order to prevent tampering. The belt is almost always yellow in color, and the look of the belt is usually depicted as having either capsule-like cylinders or military style pouches to store his equipment in. Following 2016's DC Rebirth, Batman's utility belt is depicted as being a black and yellow flat, compartmentalized belt. The array of devices Batman carries have become more complex over time. The simple coiled rope and batarang scaling equipment became a rocket-powered (or compressed-air-powered) grapple gun. The suit has also carried on different occasions a re-breather device, flash and gas grenades, explosives and a detonator, lockpicks, a signaling device for the Batmobile, electronic surveillance equipment (including video camera and monitor), a forensic kit for gathering crime scene evidence, a medical kit, a small toolkit, a homing device, a cache of money and, in early incarnations, a pistol in a holster. On any occasion where Batman anticipates encountering Superman, he has also carried (in a lead case) a Kryptonite ring given to him by the Man of Steel as a weapon of last resort (in some instances, Batman has acquired – or manufactured – the kryptonite himself, such as Frank Miller's The Dark Knight graphic novels). One exception to this is seen in Kingdom Come, since in that novel, Superman has become impervious to kryptonite. In The Dark Knight Rises, at least one of the "pouches" has been replaced with a device previously seen being used by Bruce Wayne to avoid paparazzi attention that shuts off nearby electrical appliances. Variants in publication[edit \| edit source] Batman keeps variant costumes for dealing with extraordinary situations; for example, he has been shown in a SCUBA variant of his costume, a fireproof version for fighting his enemy Firefly, a thermal insulated version for fighting Mr. Freeze, as well as others. Many versions of the hero, including those shown in Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, Kingdom Come, Batman Beyond and Batman versus Predator, show him swapping his cloth costume for a suit of powered armor, either to cope with particularly physically powerful foes or to compensate for his own aging body. Jean-Paul Valley[edit \| edit source] In the Knightfall story arc (1993–1994), the character Jean-Paul Valley redesigned the Batsuit during his tenure as Batman. Rather than appearing as a new costume, Jean-Paul developed it over time. Valley created an armored suit that contained more gadgets, including a shuriken launcher, flamethrower and other, more lethal weapons. This version of the suit did away with the traditional cape and cowl. It featured armored and bladed wings and was highly bulletproof, capable of sustaining direct machine gun barrages as well as enduring the explosions from grenades and high intensity fire. The suit also featured an underwater rebreather. A circular ammo feeder affixed to the back of the suit provided Valley with continuous bat-shaped shuriken. It was then made to be more high tech, with the eyes appearing more as goggles, different color scheme, and more armor. After being caught in an explosion during his fight with the former Batman at the time, Bruce Wayne, the main color scheme turns into orange-and-yellow. While the suit bears immense power, it also slows its user's speed and limits movement capacity. In the end, the suit became Valley's vulnerable point, as Bruce realized that his replacement had become too reliant upon the suit's gadgetry. In their final confrontation, Bruce, in his traditional bat costume, tricked Valley into discarding the armor by leading him into a narrow tunnel that forced Valley to remove most of the armor to follow Bruce. Upon seeing Bruce revealed in his Batsuit under blinding daylight after being forced to remove his helmet – the last part of the armour Valley had kept – Valley's fragile mind collapsed, and he acknowledged Bruce as the true Batman. The gauntlets from this costume are now being used by Kate Spencer, the current Manhunter, who obtained them from an LAPD evidence room. They had been used by a small-time crook who unsuccessfully robbed the safe of a Gotham lawyer who keeps information on all his supervillain clients' loot. Troika[edit \| edit source] While no different in terms of gadgets, the Batsuit that Batman wears, first in the Troika storyline, is noticeably darker than his default costume. The costume is also much sturdier than his regular costume, as it is made of Kevlar for added protection. Batman designs it with his encounter with Bane in mind. The gauntlets and boots for this Batsuit are also one piece, connected seamlessly to the arms and legs. By Robin #14, Batman substitutes the original gloves and boots for ones of more protective quality, citing his encounter with the Russian Troika. Later in No Man's Land, Batman replaces the utility belt, which uses capsules, for a utility belt with the standard military style pouches. Dick Grayson[edit \| edit source] In Batman: Prodigal after Bruce steps down as Batman after his recovery from his attack from Bane and the defeat of Jean-Paul Valley, Dick takes over the role of Batman and wears an exact duplicate of Bruce's Batsuit Rejected concept art by Tony Daniel showcased an outfit that was visually similar to the costume of Earth-Two's Dick Grayson. Another concept sketch by Frank Quitely depicted a plated design that heavily resembled the Batsuit worn by Bruce Wayne in the film The Dark Knight. Batman, Inc.[edit \| edit source] After Bruce Wayne returns from his journey through time, he designs another Batsuit which differentiates from Dick Grayson's (concept drawings by artist David Finch) and adds further upgrades. It is notably similar to the Troika outfit, but unlike that Batsuit, this suit includes a full set of electronics, including a heating and cooling system, secure broadband communications, and is capable of emitting an electromagnetic pulse, which disrupts electronic devices around him (such as rooftop security cameras). For combat efficiency, Batman added projectiles on the gauntlets to incapacitate opponents, and retractable knives on the boots' soles. The shield is no longer just a bat-themed insignia adorned on the chest area. It can be used as a wide-beam flashlight and intimidating opponents, therefore could be "powered down to black or gray so that it camouflages itself when necessary." The New 52[edit \| edit source] In the wake of the New 52, Batman wore another version of the Batsuit designed by artist Jim Lee. This Batsuit was made of hardened plates on titanium-dipped tri-weave fibers and was broken into multiple pieces of armor over a more flexible bodysuit for greater mobility. The gloves were made of a dense but malleable leather with ribbing on the palm side of the fingers, raised piping, and convex metal knuckles on the topside. Mesh detail appeared just beneath the palm and inside the three recessed louver-like shapes located on both topside. The blades on the sides of Batman's gauntlets were retractable and capable of firing outward projectiles. The utility belt was a convex metal ampules form, and its buckle was made of beveled metal platelets. The back of the belt had an intricate containment device and could be detached to be used as a tool. Batman also adapted a para-cape that aerodynamically supported himself for gliding. Justice Buster[edit \| edit source] When the Joker used a variation on his Joker toxin to turn the Justice League against Batman, Batman fought against them using a suit of armor described (by the Joker-like Superman) as the "Justice Buster" suit, created specifically for Batman to wage war against the most powerful beings on the planet. It allegedly cost more to create the suit than sixty percent of the world's nations put into their respective militaries, with a sizable portion of that budget going towards giving the suit the processing power necessary for it to outpace the Flash and anticipate where he would run so that it could immobilize him. Batman notes that even all that processing power is based on the assumption that the Flash would not be moving at optimum speed when attacking him. Its armory includes an artifact called the "Bind of Veils", which is an inverted version of the Lasso of Truth that took Batman two years to acquire on the supernatural black market; contact with it traps Wonder Woman in a dream causing her to think she has killed Batman. The armory also includes a foam-gun that sprayed powered magnesium carbonate to trap and drain Aquaman of all moisture, an electromagnetic nerve tree to stop Cyborg, a citrine neurotoxin for Green Lantern, plasma shields to deflect heat vision, dwarf red suns in the gauntlets to weaken Superman, and a small pellet of Kryptonite gum if Superman got past the suit. Despite the amount of time he put into creating the suit, Batman acknowledges that it would never be able to stop Superman if he was genuinely trying to kill the Dark Knight, only winning the fight with the Joker-like Superman through the use of the Kryptonite gum. James Gordon[edit \| edit source] When James Gordon is 'promoted' to become a GCPD-sponsored Batman after the disappearance of the original, he wore two variations of the Batsuit, designed by the Powers Corporation. When he was in the field, he commonly wore a large high-tech suit of armor that included shoulder-mounted weapons, a large handheld gun, various electromagnetic generators, full-spectrum visual capabilities, and large bat-like wings to act as a bomb shield and refine its 'flight' mode - although this was commonly used when falling from the GCPD 'Bat-Blimp' rather than full solo flight - composed of nano-carbons that could even change color if the user wanted. When inside buildings, he wore a simple all-black bodysuit with a yellow bat outline on his chest while carrying a gun on a basic utility belt, lacking the usual cape, although the suit possessed a personal cloaking device that could turn Gordon totally invisible and was made of a material that could withstand the temperature of an incinerator long enough for Gordon to break out (even if it had to be repaired after the fire damage). When Gordon was acting alone, the robot Batsuit could run a 'nimble auto program' that would allow Gordon's home base to set a target and allow the suit to calculate how to reach that target, using basic contextual materials to act on its own accord. The suit proved powerful as a combat asset, and Powers Corp had plans to create a whole series of suits to be put into action across the country, but after the original sustained serious damage in battle with new villain Mr Bloom, who proceeded to take over all the other suits via remote control just before the original Batman returned, Gordon stepped back and returned to his role as Commissioner as Powers Corp abandoned the Batman program due to public loss of confidence, feeling that only the true Dark Knight could be Batman. DC Rebirth[edit \| edit source] In the 2016 DC Comics relaunch, DC Rebirth, Batman's latest suit is similar to his New 52 suit. It is mostly grey and black with a purple lined cape, like most of his other suits. The gauntlets and boots are armored, and the utility belt is black with yellow lining. The bat symbol is still black but now outlined in gold or yellow, depending on the colorist. Elseworlds[edit \| edit source] In The Dark Knight Returns, which Batman initially goes into action wearing the standard Batsuit, he dons a suit of powered armour when facing Superman. Features of this suit include an ultrasonic gun- along with sonic dampners to prevent Batman being damaged by the same weapon- and the ability to plug directly into Gotham's power grid by connecting the suit to a lamp in Crime Alley. The suit itself is also powerful enough to do some damage to Superman in a fight, but this required Batman to confront Superman at night after he had been hit with various other weapons, such as missiles from the Batmobile and an arrow of synthetic kryptonite. Three years later (The Dark Knight Strikes Again), Batman has returned to his original suit with a completely black cape and cowl, the cape's edges being so sharp that he is able to use them to carve a 'Z' onto Lex Luthor's face. In Batman: In Darkest Knight, where Bruce Wayne is chosen as the Green Lantern instead of Hal Jordan, he mostly wears the standard Green Lantern uniform, but his attire includes a cape and cowl similar to what he would wear as Batman, although it lacks the "bat ears" of the traditional cowl. In Batman: Holy Terror, Bruce Wayne's costume is specifically stated as having originally been worn by his father when he portrayed a demon in a play. The general look is still the same as Batman's familiar attire, but the belt is almost triangular in design, the 'ears' on the cowl are wider without being a simple single point, and the bat-like symbol on the chest is more triangular, with a white patch at the top leading to a thin white line directly over the throat under the chin, possibly a reference to Bruce Wayne's civilian role as a priest. In Robin 3000, the Batman of this time period wears an outfit similar to the standard batsuit; the only clear difference is an artificial left eye, similar in design to Deadshot's familiar cybernetic substitute. In Batman/Houdini: The Devil's Workshop, most of Batman's attire is concealed under a long thick coat, although his cowl is the familiar style apart from notably thinner 'ears' than usual. In Batman: Gotham by Gaslight and its sequel, the Batman outfit is presented with buccaneer-style gloves and boots and a floor-length cape with an upturned collar, along with a simple cloth cowl. The utility belt is shown with two short daggers and various pouches. In Batman: Castle of the Bat, which features Bruce Wayne as a Frankenstein-esque doctor while the Bat-Man is his reanimated father, the Bat-Man's initial attire is intended to aid in his father's altered awareness of his new senses and mask some of the necessary scarring, the familiar cowl accompanied by a short cloak around the shoulders and upper arms. As the Bat-Man 'evolves' he discards the cowl and his head becomes distinctly bat-like. In Kingdom Come and its sequel The Kingdom, Bruce regularly wears a neck-brace due to his long career as Batman putting his body under serious strain, and wears an exoskeleton when in action as Batman. In the Vampire Batman trilogy, Batman wears the familiar Batsuit even after he becomes a vampire, although he wields silver batarangs in the first novel in the trilogy in his final confrontation with Dracula and uses cross-shaped throwing daggers, made of wood with silver in the interior, in the second novel, these weapons specifically designed to help him kill the other vampires. After his surrender to his vampire side and several months decaying in a coffin, Batman occasionally transforms into a twisted giant bat form when flying and hunting his enemies, but he retains the usual suit in his human form, albeit with his body now so decayed that his ribs are clearly visible and his arms seemingly reduced to bones rather than skin and muscle. In Elseworld's Finest- retelling the origins of Superman and Batman in the style of pulp fiction narratives- Bruce Wayne is a former playboy turned impoverished archaeologist. During a confrontation with Ra's al Ghul's men on a quest for the lost city of Argos, Wayne is badly injured by a poisoned sword, but is confronted by the spirit of the ancient warrior-wizard Kha. who offers Bruce life and himself redemption if Bruce will take on his mantle. Kha's armour consists of a black bodysuit with golden gauntlets and boots, as well as a golden necklace in the style of a bat and a golden helm that resembles a twisted bat. In League of Justice, depicting DC heroes in a fairy-tale realm, the 'Bat-Mancer' goes into action wearing armour underneath the head and wings of a giant bat. In Elseworld's Finest: Supergirl & Batgirl, where Barbara Gordon is Batgirl after her father was killed saving the Waynes and Bruce is essentially her Alfred rather than Batman, she initially wore the standard Batgirl costume from the comics. By the time of the storyline, she has adopted a darker costume, including metallic gauntlets on her forearms and wrists, shoulders, and exterior ankles, with the main suit consisting of nanites extending out from the belt to cover her body. In Batman: Dark Knight Dynasty, Bruce Wayne's distant ancestor Joshua of Wainwright initially acts as a member of the Knights Templar, but when faced with a raid on Vandal Savage's compound after the rest of his group have been slain by Savage's minions, he dons his old family armour, which includes a bat-like crest and a helmet in the style of the usual Bat-cowl, including small points and a visor that shields his eyes, although his equipment consists only of a sword and a short iron knife. In the present day, after Savage kills his parents on his wedding night, Bruce adopts the familiar Batman costume to hunt their killer, later adapting it into a spacesuit with its own air supply and the cowl now an actual helmet when he confronts Vandal on a space shuttle. In the twenty-fifth Century, Brenna Wayne devises three bat-themed costumes to track the source of the conspiracy against her family, with two being high-tech black-and-orange suits with such advanced weaponry as flamethrowers in the cape/wings, and the third a simpler black suit with gold trim. Other media appearances[edit \| edit source] Animation[edit \| edit source] Filmation and Hanna-Barbera[edit \| edit source] In the various superhero animated series produced by Filmation and Hanna-Barbera, including The Adventures of Batman (1968–1977), Super Friends (1973–1986) and The New Adventures of Batman (1977), Batman has been consistently depicted with the blue and gray Batsuit of the Silver Age comics from the 1950s and 1960s, with the chest emblem and utility belt from the "New Look" version. DC animated universe[edit \| edit source] Batman wears various Batsuits throughout the DC animated universe (DCAU): - Batman: The Animated Series The Batsuit in Batman: The Animated Series (1992–1995) features a chest emblem and utility belt similar to the "New Look" version, and the emblem's design itself typically resembles the yellow-ellipsed bat symbol that was used in comics from the early 1970s through the late 1990s (as well as most Batman merchandise to this day and in the 1989 theatrical movie poster), but the cape and cowl noticeably feature Bob Kane's original color scheme of black with blue highlights. Occasionally, the cape and cowl appear to be woven in one piece, and when he is not fighting the cape is usually seen covering Batman's entire body below his head (similar to how he is occasionally drawn in the comics). His utility belt uses capsules or cylinders that are both yellow (similar to his utility belt drawn in the comics). The costume lacks any armor qualities and is merely a gray bodysuit with no apparent special features that often becomes torn in serious fights. It is occasionally seen packed in Bruce Wayne's luggage or in his vehicles, and it is made clear that he has numerous spares. It is also shown that he hides lock picks and blades within his gloves in preparation of when his wrists being bound by handcuffs or ropes. The exact appearance of the suit was not always consistent in the series, such as the chest emblem's design or the length of the cape. This design was re-used in the feature films Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (1993) and Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero (1998). - The New Batman Adventures Batman's physical appearance was revamped in The New Batman Adventures (1997–1999) with his second major Batsuit's colors darker overall and the utility belt here uses pouches that is a very pale light brown. His gloves also have extended scallops and his chest emblem was changed into a complete bat without the yellow ellipse. There were fewer highlights on the cape and cowl that were now dark gray and the cape itself was redesigned to always reach over his shoulders, even when it is not covering his entire body below the head and the tights were also changed to a dark gray. Bruce Wayne's Batsuit resembles the batsuit used in Batman: Year One. This design was re-used in the crossovers with Superman: The Animated Series and Static Shock, as well as the feature film Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman (2003) and the flashback sequence in Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker (2000) and it also made a surprise appearance in the feature film Batman and Harley Quinn (2017). - Justice League and Justice League Unlimited Batman was again redesigned in Justice League (2001–2004) with his third major Batsuit as a mixture appearance of the previous two designs; the costume itself is basically the same one from The New Batman Adventures, but has the original color scheme from Batman: The Animated Series. Additionally, the artists added certain modifications to foreshadow the futuristic costume from Batman Beyond such as the lengthening of the "ears" on the cowl from and the addition of heels on the boots. This design is re-used in the Static Shock two-part episode "A League of Their Own", as well as it's follow-up, Justice League Unlimited (2004–2006). - Batman Beyond An extremely different variant of the Batsuit is featured in Batman Beyond (1999–2001) which does away with the traditional individual articles of clothing and appears to be a simple black bodysuit with a red chest emblem and the cowl also covers the entire face. However, this version is a form fitting "powered suit" similar to an artificial powered exoskeleton. This fourth major Batsuit was originally designed by Bruce Wayne himself to aid his aging body (as the series' storyline was set at the DCAU's chronological end), but Terry McGinnis becomes the suit's primary wearer once Wayne retires. This Batsuit is unlike any other one in the DCAU. It gave Terry increased strength and equipped with sophisticated built-in gadgets (similar to Jean Paul Valley's variant). Of its many features, the most frequently used are a set of retractable wings and jet boots which together allow for flight, an active camouflage system which renders him nearly invisible, and a two-way radio and video link system that allows Bruce to see and hear everything Terry does and give advice and communicate. The suit features microphone recorders in the fingertips permitting eavesdropping and recording conversations either from a distance or through a wall. His signature weapon the batarang is now stored in a magazine. An automatic launcher built in the wrists places one or multiple foldable circle shaped batarangs for instant throwing (the suit most likely has a ballistics computer for calculating trajectories for throwing as shown when Terry attempted to throw a batarang while not wearing the suit and missed). The suit is flexible enough to be folded and stored in a backpack. It offers mild ballistic protection, flame resistance, radiation resistant (albeit not for prolonged exposure), is durable enough to offer the wearer resistance to blunt force trauma or significant impact (allowing the wearer to withstand punches from beings with super strength). Its original utility belt was capsulized like the original design from Batman: The Animated Series. It is also revealed that the suit's technology was designed by prosthesis scientist Dr. Peter Corso. Repeated encounters with Inque led Bruce to add electroshock circuitry to protect Terry or to disable an opponent. This Batsuit design was re-used in the feature film Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker (2000) as well as the crossover The Zeta Project and even post-series crossovers Static Shock and Justice League Unlimited. In the Justice League Unlimited episode "Epilogue" (set during the Batman Beyond era), minor changes show Terry has more traditional pouches like the designs from The New Batman Adventures and Justice League. - Other DCAU costumes Flashbacks from the Batman: The Animated Series episodes "Robin's Reckoning" and "The Mechanic" as well as Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (1993) show Batman's earliest costume that (according to the reference book Batman Animated) was based on the Batsuit from Batman: Year One with elements from Bob Kane's original Batsuit (which was also similar to how his basic costume would be designed in all further subsequent DCAU appearances). Batman also has an alternate suit of black armor in The New Batman Adventures episode "Torch Song" capable to withstand extreme heat and flame (such as Firefly's attacks) and presumably bulletproof as well. During the alternate timeline created by Vandal Savage's disruptions of World War II in the Justice League episode "The Savage Time", Batman's Batsuit reflected the state of war he lived under: a helmet (with seemingly no eyes but likely has a visor), several rigid armor plates and incorporates firearms into his arsenal (unlike in the primary timeline). Another alternative-universe version of the Batsuit worn by the Justice Lords incarnation of Batman in the Justice League episode "A Better World" featured lighter gray colors on the cape, cowl and chest, and jet black on the rest of the bodysuit. The cape was also extended to cover the upper torso and shoulders entirely, with the Bat insignia embedded into the chest portion. The insignia itself was also changed to become more angular, and was colored a metallic silver, a version of the same logo appears on the Batman Beyond era Batsuit. The Justice Lord Batsuit also did not use separate colors for the "underwear" portion, had a silver-gray utility belt, and the gauntlets had no scallops. In the Batman Beyond episode "Disappearing Inque", Bruce Wayne had a prototype Batsuit that resemble the Bat-Armor from DC Comics's award-winning comic book epic Kingdom Come which he used to fight Inque. This Batsuit can increase Bruce's endurance and offer him some protection, but hindering his movements due to its colossal size and puts a strain on his weakened heart. The Batman[edit \| edit source] In The Batman (2004–2008), the Batsuit looks very similar to the costume from Batman: The Animated Series, but has shorter 'ears' on the cowl to make the Batman look more like a "boxer", claws on the fingertips of the gloves, a slightly redesigned yellow-ellipse bat emblem on his chest, a more high-tech computerized utility belt linking to the Batcave's computer system called the "Batwave"; The belt's buckle can be removed and used for several purposes, such as for a tracking device, for controlling the Batmobile, the Batbot, or as seen in "The Cat and the Bat" fly remote-controlled batarangs. It also has a longer cape that, just like the DCAU costumes, sometimes covers his entire body below the head. In the episode "Fleurs Du Mal", it is shown that the suit is linked to the Batwave, to monitor his physical and mental activities. Despite this regular default Batsuit, Batman uses some other variations of the Batsuit as well in the series to tackle certain situations and villains. - In the episode "Traction", the Batman is badly injured by the immensely powerful Bane, due to which he is forced to build a prototype exo-skeleton called the "Batbot" to battle the villain. The Batbot is controlled by Bruce Wayne while sitting inside its cockpit. It is shown to possess superhuman strength to match that of Bane, along with enhanced levels of agility and endurance. It has two turbo retro-thrusters for flight on its back as well. The Batbot is also shown to be controlled via the Batman's utility belt (for example, in "The Cat and the Bat" episode). - In the episode "The Big Chill", when Mr. Freeze defeats the Batman in their first encounter, the latter's butler Alfred coats the Batsuit with a special white weather-proof material, that can withstand sub-zero temperatures and can be used by the Batman to camouflage himself in snow. It covers the Batman's facial part as well, which is usually the only exposed part of his regular Batsuit. Additionally, this arctic Batsuit is shown to be armed with retractable ice skates in the boots and two flamethrowers attached on either side of the waist. Also, the blades on the Batman's gloves emit high electric sparks to melt any ice in his path. The arctic Batsuit reappears in the episode "Fire and Ice", and is depicted to sustain heavy amounts of damage but protects its wearer, when the villain Firefly maneuvers the Batman into a fuel tanker that is about to explode. The Batman survives, but injures himself and has the suit damaged. - In the episode "Swamped", when the Batman has to battle Killer Croc, he uses a special hydro Batsuit, that does not get wet or allow water to enter it. It is totally black in color, and the Batman somehow sheds or retracts his cape in his suit when he goes underwater to battle Killer Croc. - In the movie The Batman vs. Dracula (2005), Batman briefly extended the design of his utility belt to his shoulders and chest for carrying a vast number of vampire-fighting gadgetry such as garlic bombs, garlic-treated batarangs, and vials of vaccine made to counteract a vampiric virus spread from the vampire lord Count Vlad Dracula. The extension of the belt would also create a shape of a cross, which is commonly known to be able to ward off vampires as they have an aversion to all of the Christianity icons, including Christian crosses. - When arsonist Garfield Lynn's transformation from Firefly to a nuclear-powered Phosphorus in "White Heat", Batman designed a black NBC suit, built by Alfred, to protect himself. - On the episode "Artifacts", it is shown that, decades into the future, an elder Batman would adapt a simpler Batsuit resembling of Frank Miller's Batman: The Dark Knight Returns graphic novel. Batman: Gotham Knight[edit \| edit source] In Batman: Gotham Knight (2008), a DC Universe Animated Original Movie set between Batman Begins and The Dark Knight, details of the Batsuit are shown. The suit has many characteristics of the Batman Begins suit, but on the segment "Field Test", Batman upgrades the suit with an advanced motion scanner that has an electromagnetic gyro which produces a magnetic shield capable to deflect small-arms fire before he abandons it because of the danger to bystanders of its random deflections. On "In Darkness Dwells", it is shown that there's an infrared scope built within the cowl, along with a rebreather that can be folded within it. There's a wireless relay communicator in the cowl. Its signals are locked with quantum cryptology and bounced through a dozen different satellites (presumably the WayneComs). As per the animation styles the suit varies between versions of the Batman Begins costume and the Comic Book costumes, including the similarity to the outfits from The New Batman Adventures and Justice League. Batman: The Brave and the Bold[edit \| edit source] In Batman: The Brave and the Bold (2008–2011), Batman wears a slightly modified version of the blue and gray suit worn during the Silver Age comics from the 1960s and 1970s. The batsuit also resembles the "New Look" costume. According to the show's creators, this was deliberately done to invoke a less dark and violent depiction of Batman following the release of The Dark Knight. Though similar in appearance to the older costumes, this Batsuit is unique in and that it possesses a much larger amount of gadgetry than any other costume shown to date, and has many characteristics of the Batsuit in Batman Beyond. Thus far, this version has been shown to not only contain multiple Batarangs and other standard Bat-paraphernalia, but also a collapsible sword (hidden inside his utility belt with a sound similar to a lightsaber), wings, deep space gear, scuba equipment, and multiple rocket thrusters. Also, the emblem on Batman's chest can now transform into an emergency Batarang, becoming hard and rigid after being exposed to some sort of magnetic field emitted by the suit. Also the 'ears' on the mask can become long blades with the push of a button, sharp enough to pierce a robot's head. In the episode "Game Over for Owlman", Owlman steals one of Batman's costumes that looks identical to the original Detective Comics #27 design from 1939, and commits a series of crimes to frame the Caped Crusader. In a flashback sequence from the episode "The Color of Revenge", Batman is shown wearing a slightly different costume that has the chest emblem from the Golden Age comics from the 1930s and 1940s, in addition the episode's teaser has Batman sporting various Bat suits in different colors, as an homage to Detective Comics #241. In another flashback during "The Golden Age of Justice", a much younger Batman is shown wearing the original Bob Kane outfit during training sessions with the Justice Society. Young Justice[edit \| edit source] The Batsuit worn by Batman in Young Justice (2010–2013) is largely similar to the ones seen in The New Batman Adventures, Justice League, and Justice League Unlimited, as well as the comic books prior to Batman Incorporated. The only major visual difference stems from the detailing on the suit, which highlights the padding and armored plates, in contrast to the more minimalist take drawn by Bruce Timm and other artists. In the episode "Schooled", Bruce is shown utilizing an emergency Batsuit hidden in the Metropolis corporate offices of Waynetech. As a nod to the 60's Batman series, the suit is accessed via a switch concealed within a bust of William Shakespeare. Beware the Batman[edit \| edit source] Taking advantage of the computer generated imagery used to create the show, the Batsuit worn in Beware the Batman is more detailed than previous versions. Like the suits seen in most of the live-action films, the new Batsuit is entirely black and sports a raised bat-emblem on the chest without the yellow-ellipse, as well as a more helmet-like cowl, and it is very similar to the outfits from The New Batman Adventures, Justice League and Justice League Unlimited. The suit's utility belt was also redesigned for the show, and an actual model was built by Glen Murakami in order to make it as realistic and practical as possible. The LEGO Movie[edit \| edit source] In The LEGO Movie (2014), the Batsuit Batman wears resembles the one from Tim Burton's live action movies. The LEGO Batman Movie[edit \| edit source] In The LEGO Batman Movie (2017), Batman wears the same Batsuit from the previous movie but now has a new belt piece and has glowing eyes like they did in Dawn of Justice. Batman also owns hundreds of types of Batsuits such as the ones seen from his first appearance in the comics, the 1960s version, the armored version from Dawn of Justice, the 1943 serial and Batman Beyond. Other Batsuits are briefly seen such as Suba Bat, Glam Bat, Regge Man (which becomes the Robin costume), Nightwing, Com-Bat, St Batricks, etc. Batman: The Killing Joke[edit \| edit source] In Batman: The Killing Joke (2016), Batman's Batsuit resembles the one used in Batman: Year One and it's comic counterpart. Live-action[edit \| edit source] 1940s movie serials[edit \| edit source] The movie serials of the 1940s featured a black and gray version of the Batsuit and it resembles the one from the early Batman comics. 1960s TV series[edit \| edit source] The live-action Batman television series of the 1960s, starring Adam West, featured a blue-purple and gray version of the Batsuit with a shorter cape and ears. There were also light blue eyebrows painted on the cowl, along with a light blue-line on the nosepiece. 1989-1997 film series[edit \| edit source] - Batman (1989 film) Tim Burton's Batman films feature a black Batsuit with the yellow-ellipsed bat emblem, yellow utility belt, and heavy armor placed on the chest, forearms and boots, with the chest armor molded to look like a well developed upper body incorporating the bat emblem. This becomes the basic template on which all subsequent live-action Batsuits are based. On several occasions in the live-action films, Bruce Wayne's appearance in this Batsuit template has been likened to that of "A giant bat," especially when his cape is spread wide in front of terrified criminals. In Batman (1989), the basic design of the suit, by Bob Ringwood, is essentially the Neal Adams version of the costume, which was still in vogue in the comics during the 1980s. This movie suit was notable for its introduction of the grapple gun (which was later adopted by the comics), for the black eye makeup worn under the mask (which has been used in every live-action Batman film since), and for the construction of the cowl (which made it impossible for Michael Keaton to turn his head while wearing it). The costume was constructed of heavy materials (foam rubber in real life, special body armour in the context of the film), instead of the lighter spandex material seen in the comics. While Bruce Wayne is often depicted as a muscular man in the comics, Michael Keaton was not of the same physical build and the armor was designed to make Batman appear that way. - Batman Returns In Batman Returns (1992), Bruce is seen choosing his Batsuit and accessories out of many spares from a large walk-in closet carved into a wall of the Batcave. The suit used in this film differs slightly from the previous version, being that it was made out of a thinner, slightly more flexible foam rubber material and featured a more angular shape in the musculature of the armor. The overall design of the suit was meant to resemble the design of automobiles. It also features a chest emblem more similar to the iconic DC Comics bat symbol seen in the comics and in the previous film's movie poster than the previous film's costume. At one point in the film, Batman's cape is shown to be able to change, through use of a fold-out spring-loaded framework, into a glider that allows him to glide through the sky. Christopher Nolan would use a similar approach with the cape in his Batman films. - Batman Forever Joel Schumacher's Batman films are known for their addition of rubber nipples to the Batman and Robin costumes (on the DVD commentary, Schumacher claimed they were inspired by statues of the Greek gods), though they are noticeably absent from the secondary suits Batman wears during the climaxes of both films. In Batman Forever (1995), the Batsuit is somewhat similar to the previous two films' costumes, except for the focus on a more anatomical design overall and a black utility belt instead of a yellow one. The "ears" on the cowl are also longer. One notable feature of the costume is a button on the utility belt which causes a fireproof coating to excrete from and cover the cape, allowing Batman to wrap it around himself as a shield from extreme fires, and a more 3-D bat emblem on his chest, but resembles the chest symbol from Batman Returns. Also like in Batman Returns, Bruce has numerous spares which he keeps in a large dome-like structure in the Batcave of this film. Dr. Chase Meridian, the film's love interest for Batman, mentions the appeal of Batman's suit as she runs her fingers across the chest section. After all of the regular Batsuits are destroyed by the Riddler, Bruce wears a prototype "Sonar Suit", which is an iridescent silvery-black and more armor-like. This new Batsuit utilizes lenses that slide automatically over the cowl's eyeholes to display a sonar-generated image of Batman's surroundings to him, allowing him to see with more accuracy in extreme darkness or glare. The use of this suit in the climax of the film, allows Batman to smash the Riddler's Box-device and save both Robin and Dr Meridian, which otherwise would have been impossible with the standard Batsuit. The Batsuits in this film were created from a less dense mixture of foam rubber, which resulted in much lighter suits and allowed more flexibility for Val Kilmer and the various stunt doubles, while increasing durability. More than 100 Batman and Robin costumes were created to allow for the range of stunts, from underwater scenes to scenes involving fire and extreme fighting. The "sonar" Batsuit was subsequently used by Christopher Nolan when auditioning actors for the lead role in Batman Begins, and was worn by Christian Bale and Cillian Murphy among others. - Batman & Robin In Batman & Robin (1997), Batman produces a bat-credit card from his utility belt which has an expiration date of "Forever". This film also added pop-out ice skates to the costume's boots. The basic Batsuit of this film is also noticeably more blue than black in color tone, including the ellipse around the bat symbol instead of the yellow ellipsed bat symbol from the last three films. A second, more elaborately detailed costume (a silvery Arctic version) is worn by "Batman" during the film's climax against Mr. Freeze, which is identical to the prototype "Sonar Suit" from Batman Forever, but with silver accents. As in Batman Forever, the basic Batsuit of this film also features nipples and an enlarged codpiece. The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005-2012)[edit \| edit source] - Batman Begins The Batsuit in the reboot Batman Begins (2005) is given the most complete description ever seen in a Batman film and the comic books. Derived from the Research and Development Program within Wayne Enterprises' Applied Sciences Division, the suit is described by Lucius Fox as a Nomex survival suit originally intended for advanced military use but was considered to be too expensive for the United States Army and military in general. Based on an advanced infantry armor system constructed from Nomex, the first layer of protection is an undersuit with built-in temperature regulators designed to keep the wearer at a comfortable temperature in almost any condition. The second layer of protection consists of armor built over the chest, calves, thighs, arms and back. This armor features a kevlar bi-weave that can stop slashing weapons and can also deflect any bullet short of a straight shot impact, and reinforced joints that supposedly allow maximum flexibility and mobility, which Batman finds still hinders his movements due to its weight. The armor is then coated with a black latex material for camouflage and to dampen Bruce's heat signature, making him difficult to detect with night-vision equipment. Made of a graphite material, the cowl acts as a protective helmet. The cowl's Kevlar lining is supposed to be bulletproof. A manufacturing defect in the graphite used in the production of the first shipment of the cowl's components made its outer shell incapable of withstanding blunt trauma (a flaw Alfred demonstrates to Bruce using a baseball bat). The second shipment (not shown) was supposed to fix this problem. An advanced eavesdropping device is concealed within the cowl's right ear and enables Batman to listen in on conversations from a distance. The utility belt is a modified climbing harness in bronze with the chest and shoulder straps removed for ease of movement. It features magnetized impact-resistant pouches and canisters attached to the belt at ergonomic points for ease of reach. It carries a magnetic gas-powered grapple gun, an encrypted cell phone, bat-shaped shuriken, a medical kit, smoke bombs, mini explosives, periscope, remote control for the Tumbler, mini-cam, money and other unspecified equipment. Batman's cape is made of "memory cloth" also developed by Fox. It is essentially flexible in its normal state, but becomes semi-rigid in a fixed form (Batman's wings) when an electric current is passed through it from the microcircuits in the palms of his gloves. Bruce also adds metal gauntlets with scallops on the forearms, an innovation derived from his experience as a pupil of Ra's al Ghul's League of Shadows. Mainly used to block against knives or other stabbing weapons, Bruce managed to surprise Ra's by breaking the blade of his ninjatō in multiple places with the gauntlets. The left boot heel contains a high frequency sonic "sounder" which can summon bats (first seen in Batman: Year One). Prior to the latest upgrade to the Batsuit in the next film, Batman still uses the original less flexible Nomex based suit. Interrupting a drug transaction between Scarecrow and Chechen, he uses a pneumatic mangler that allows him to bend a gun barrel and tear through the sheet metal of a van while chasing after Scarecrow. - The Dark Knight Batman's Batsuit is changed in The Dark Knight (2008) due to Bruce Wayne's growing frustration over his overall lack of mobility (leading to an incident where he gets mauled by dogs while breaking up a drug deal). In this new design, the bodysuit is made of hardened kevlar plates on titanium-dipped tri-weave fibers and is broken into multiple pieces of armor over a more flexible bodysuit for greater mobility. But as a trade-off, the flexible armor leaves Batman more vulnerable to injury from knives and gunfire in favor of increased flexibility and lighter weight. While the cowl of the Batsuit in previous film incarnations has been attached to the shoulder and neck, the Batsuit's cowl is now a separate component inspired by the design of motorcycle helmets, allowing the wearer to freely swivel and move his neck without moving the rest of his upper torso (by Bruce's personal request to Fox as 'it would make backing out of the driveway easier') as was characteristic in all the previous cinematic versions of the Batsuit. Also, a strong electric current runs through it that prevents anyone except Batman from removing it, to further protect his identity. In this Batsuit, the iconic blades on the sides of Batman's gauntlets are now retractable and are capable of firing outwards as projectiles. The bat emblem is smaller than the previous one and it bears a greater resemblance to the Batman logo that has been associated with the rebooted film franchise. The suit again has an external 'memory cloth' cape, but, now has the ability to fold into a backpack shape as demonstrated during the BASE jump in Hong Kong. It is unclear in the film if once deployed, as a glider, it can return to this backpack shape automatically. According to costume designer Linda Hemming this backpack idea was developed, at the request of Christopher Nolan, as a fall back if the cape were to get caught up in the rear wheel of the Batpod in motion. However, the concept was not used in the Batpod sequences after the film crew realized they had failed to account for the motion of the Batpod blowing the cape behind the rider, keeping it free from the rear wheel. One notable modification was made to the utility belt; an air-powered charge-firing rifle, which allows Batman to fire timed explosive charges from considerable distances and can be folded into two halves into a box-like shape to fit into his utility belt's compartment. The Batsuit also has "sonar-vision", where signals emitted by mobile phones are converted into images in a similar way to echolocation, in which bats use sound to see. In order to view the images, lenses fold down from Batman's cowl to cover his eyes. Aesthetically this gives Batman, for the first time on film, the 'white eyed' appearance he is always depicted within the comic books and various animated films/TV series. - The Dark Knight Rises This exact same costume is re-used in The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Batman initially also makes use of a motorized brace to support his damaged knee after injuries he sustained in The Dark Knight. During Batman's first fight with Bane, the costume is initially damaged when Bane severely beats Batman and tears off part of the cowl after cracking the graphite. The rest of the costume is disposed of by Bane's henchmen after carrying off Bruce's badly injured body, as he is shown wearing ordinary rags when imprisoned in the Pit. After he escapes from the prison, Batman is able to acquire an identical Batsuit from the underground bunker (the same one he used as an interim batcave while Wayne Manor was under re-construction in the previous film). DC Extended Universe[edit \| edit source] - Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Michael Wilkinson desiged the costumes for Batman in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016). Director Zack Snyder tweeted a photo of the first Batsuit for the film on May 13, 2014. It is influenced by the Batsuit seen in The Dark Knight Returns, and is noted by Bruce and Alfred to include additional armor to compensate for Bruce's greater age, as well as a device in the cowl to alter Bruce's voice when in the suit. The Batsuit is made of a Kevlar-titanium weave, is highly durable, making it resistant to knives and low-caliber firearms, the cowl and neck area of the suit consists of fabric-coated titanium alloy plating, protecting his neck and head from blade injuries and small caliber firearms (a man using a knife could only cause sparks to fly when trying to stab Batman in the back of the neck). Not even bullets can pierce the suit at point-blank range, but some areas are somewhat vulnerable as a thug is successfully able to stab Batman with a knife in the upper arm. A second Batsuit was unveiled at ComicCon 2014, and unlike the first which is made of cloth, it is armored and features illuminated white eyes. In the film, Batman's armor is a powered exoskeleton built by him and Alfred Pennyworth to counter Superman's strength as well as to protect Batman from Superman's attacks. It is also armed with a riot gun to fire kryptonite gas grenades and a kryptonite spear, both of which are necessary to weaken Superman to the point where Batman can fight him directly. The armor is damaged in the fight with Superman, prompting Batman to return to his usual costume when he departs to save Martha Kent from her abductors. - Suicide Squad In Suicide Squad (2016), Bruce wore the Batsuit again twice in the film where he captured Deadshot and Harley Quinn. - Justice League In the upcoming film Justice League (2017), Batman will upgrade his suit as the Tactical Batsuit and there will be a new version of his armored suit. Video games[edit \| edit source] Batman: Arkham[edit \| edit source] In Batman: Arkham Asylum and its subsequent sequel Arkham City the Batsuit appears more akin to that of the cloth versions often seen in the comics. But underneath the aesthetic layer was a series of armor to protect against ballistic damage. Throughout the course of the games the suit takes on more and more progressive damage. The mask contains a "Detective Mode" visor to allow Batman to investigate crime scenes, see through walls, track enemies, collect data, navigate and locate signals. The gauntlets contain not only Batman's signature spiked blades but also a hardened mini computer and remote for his vehicles. His cape is similar to the one in the Nolanverse films which permits him to glide across vast distances. His utility belt contains an array of gadgets, some of which he builds or receives over the course of the games. - Utility Belt Arsenal - Grapple Gun - for ascension of buildings at high speeds, to boost gliding ability, disarming criminals from a distance and opening up heavy doors. - Line Launcher - Fires a parallel line in opposite directions to accelerate over distant obstacles or tightrope walk across silently. - Batarang - for disabling thugs, opening doors or destroying things with sonic versions that disable with high frequency sound, a remote controlled version that can navigate around and through obstacles. - Freeze Grenades - disables thugs by freezing them in place or creating floating ice for Batman to safely navigate bodies of water - Disruptor - Disables mines and various firearms. - Cryptographic Sequencer - Computer and communicator allowing Batman to hack into various systems and open various electronically locked doors. - Explosive gel - Allows Batman to spray stable explosive and demolish obstacles and walls and destroy hazardous materials. - Smoke pellets - create a cloud of smoke when thrown to mask Batman's presence to sneak up on armed opponents. In the prequel Arkham Origins the Batsuit takes on a more heavily protected armor look, more akin to the Nolan version in The Dark Knight. The ears are shorter and the cowl looks less like a mask and more like a combat helmet. After the death of the assassin the Electrocutioner, Batman obtains the killer's taser gloves from his body, using them for the rest of the game. Because of the added armor, the suit appears less damaged, only scratched, even as the game progresses. In the DLC content "Cold, Cold Heart", when facing Mister Freeze, Batman adopts a prototype Extreme Environment suit to cope with the cold conditions created by Freeze's equipment. The suit is equipped with Thermal Gloves to melt large quantities of ice, and allows him to throw thermal batarangs that are heated to destroy icicles and other objects. The suit protects Batman from cold and cryovapor, and its honeycomb structure avoids any significant increase in weight despite its new bulk. In the final sequel Arkham Knight the Batsuit takes on its most advanced and detailed look ever seen. The suit consists of two parts. One is a skintight bodysuit with hard points and the outer layer consisting of armor plating more akin to that of an armored knight of Medieval Europe. The armor panels are motorized to contract to the form of the wearer. The pieces are highly articulated as seen in the trailer where Bruce is suiting up, the chest armor has high tensile wire to hold the pieces to expand and contract as he breathes and moves giving the suit a far less bulky appearance than other previous versions. The Batsuit can also compress around wounds caused by anything capable of getting past the Batsuit's armor. It is the most armored suit in the series and may be inspired by the "Armored Batman" skin for Batman: Arkham Asylum. The Arkham Knight wears a highly military inspired Batsuit and an Arkham symbol on his chest. His mask is a helmet that not only conceals his identity but features a heads-up display to keep track of his manned and unmanned forces throughout Gotham City. The mask also shows a map of Gotham City, seen on numerous occasions when he fights Batman. The ears on the mask serve two purposes, one to transmit commands to his troops and drones and second as psychological intimidation and mockery to the Batman. The Arkham Knight knows the influence of symbols and has adopted the Arkham Institution logo as his own in place of the bat emblem. He wears a red urban warfare style camouflage and a low slung utility belt akin to that of paratroopers. Beneath the cowl is another mask, known as a Tactical Visor in both the character showcase and referred to as such by GCPD officer Aaron Cash in red, with no eyes or mouth. This visor is later broken but repaired when The Knight is redeemed and featured as the mask of the main character in the Red Hood DLC pack. References[edit \| edit source] - ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VROpJDhwJfE - ↑ "World: Americas Batman creator dies at 83". BBC News. 1998-11-06. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/208992.stm. Retrieved 2010-09-17. - ↑ Batman Annual #15 (1991) - ↑ Batman & Robin #1 - ↑ Batman Beyond #4 (September 2010) - ↑ "He's a tall guy. You can't see his eyes. And it's weird-- That cloak screws your mind up, like he's standing in a patch of darkness..." - from "Original Sins" by Neil Gaiman, first printed in Secret Origins Special #1: "Featuring Gotham City's Vilest Villains!" - ↑ Batman: Hush comic book storyline - ↑ Superman/Batman: Public Enemies comic book storyline - ↑ Superman/Batman #9 - ↑ Batman: Hush comic book storyline - ↑ Detective Comics #840 - ↑ Batman: Detective Comics #741 - ↑ Batman #647 - ↑ Adventures of Superman #643 - ↑ Robin #14 - ↑ Batman vol. 1 #650 (April 2006). - ↑ Blackest Night: Batman #2 vol. 1 (November 2009) - ↑ Detective Comics #842 - ↑ 19.0 19.1 Batman: The Return one-shot (Jan. 2011) - ↑ Miller, Frank. Batman #406. "Batman: Year One", DC Comics, 1987; and Batman vs. Predator #3 (1992) - ↑ "DC Universe: The Source » Blog Archive » BATMAN REDRAWN part 3 — THE DESIGNS". Dcu.blog.dccomics.com. 2010-04-09. Archived from the original on 8 October 2010. http://dcu.blog.dccomics.com/2010/04/09/batman-redrawn-part-3-%e2%80%94-the-designs/. Retrieved 2010-09-17. - ↑ Batman & Robin: Batman Must Die Reprinted collection of Batman & Robin #13-16 page 165. - ↑ Red Robin #17 (Jan. 2011) - ↑ Batman & Robin: Batman Must Die Reprinted collection of Batman & Robin #13-16 page 166. - ↑ Justice League vol. 2, #2 (Dec. 2011) - ↑ Batman vol. 2, #35 - ↑ Batman vol. 2, #36 - ↑ 7/19/12 5:36pm. "Bruce Wayne goes back to his detective roots, in Beware the Batman". Io9.com. http://io9.com/5927233/bruce-wayne-goes-back-to-his-detective-roots-in-beware-the-batman. Retrieved 2015-10-13. - ↑ Batman-News. "''Batman (1989 film)''". Batmannews.de. Archived from the original on 29 October 2010. http://www.batmannews.de/gotham_city_central/batcave/suit_batman_89.html. Retrieved 2010-09-17. - ↑ Batman-News. "''Batman Returns''". Batmannews.de. Archived from the original on 29 October 2010. http://www.batmannews.de/gotham_city_central/batcave/suit_batman_br.html. Retrieved 2010-09-17. - ↑ Batman-News. "''Batman Forever''". Batmannews.de. Archived from the original on 29 October 2010. http://www.batmannews.de/gotham_city_central/batcave/suit_batman_bf.html. Retrieved 2010-09-17. - ↑ Robertson, Adi (2013-09-23). "Watch Christian Bale audition for 'Batman Begins' in Val Kilmer's Batsuit". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/23/4762940/watch-christian-bale-audition-for-batman-begins-in-val-kilmer-batsuit. Retrieved 2015-10-13. - ↑ Batman-News. "''Batman & Robin". Batmannews.de. Archived from the original on 29 October 2010. http://www.batmannews.de/gotham_city_central/batcave/suit_batman_b_r.html. Retrieved 2010-09-17. - ↑ Batman-News. "''Batman Begins''". Batmannews.de. Archived from the original on 29 October 2010. http://www.batmannews.de/gotham_city_central/batcave/suit_batman_bb.html. Retrieved 2010-09-17. - ↑ 35.0 35.1 Jensen, Jeff (2007-06-18). "Entertainment Weekly #940". Ew.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2010. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20042739,00.html. Retrieved 2010-09-17. - ↑ Emily Zemler (March 12, 2014). "Inside the Evolution of Superman's Look". Esquire. http://www.esquire.com/blogs/culture/michael-wilkinson-superman-look. Retrieved June 21, 2014. - ↑ "ZackSnyder on Twitter". Twitter.com. https://twitter.com/ZackSnyder/status/466249462348644352/photo/1. Retrieved 2015-10-13. - ↑ Ben Child (May 22, 2014). "Batman's new costume returns to classic colours, says Kevin Smith \| Film". theguardian.com. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/21/batman-vs-superman-costume-batsuit-kevin-smith. Retrieved May 22, 2014. - ↑ "Comic-Con: We Just Saw Ben Affleck As Batman". Vulture. http://www.vulture.com/2014/07/comic-con-we-just-saw-ben-affleck-as-batman.html. Retrieved 2015-10-13. - ↑ Collura, Scott. (July 26, 2014). "SDCC 2014: Wonder Woman Costume, Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice Teaser Revealed" IGN - ↑ Bumbray, Chris (June 21, 2016). "Set Visit: Everything You Need to Know About Zack Snyder's Justice League". Joblo. http://www.joblo.com/movie-news/set-visit-everything-you-need-to-know-about-zack-snyders-justice-league-228. - ↑ [https://twitter.com/ZackSnyder/status/776125466113630208 Homestretch. Last day filming Batman in the new Tactical Batsuit.	https://ultimatepopculture.fandom.com/wiki/Batsuit
Black Knight Medieval Sword When people from around the world think of knights in shining armor, they often envision similar pictures – a mounted warrior in bright shining armor carrying a sword or lance, often with a colorful shield emblazoned with medieval symbols. The symbols on a knight’s shield were his heraldry, a complex set of designs (also called armory or armorial bearings) that detailed his origins and allegiance. Knights would wear the healdric devices of their lords and so represent them – in battle, in the tournament, and abroad in war or crusade. The wearing of heraldry on one’s shield is strongly associated with a knight’s honor and chivalric virtue. By contrast, a Black Knight is someone who does not display heraldry. For reasons of his or her own, the Black Knight adopts a set of unmarked arms (by literary tradition, typically blacked armor, tunic, and shield at least) and refuses to disclose their identity. In many pieces of classical and modern fiction the Black Knight is therefore a villainous character, unwilling to stand behind their actions but defiantly standing in the path of the hero. While some historical figures (notably Scottish knight James Stewart) took the title of “The Black Knight,” the trope itself may have originated with Arthurian legend. In Sir Thomas Malory’s unparalleled 15th-century classic, Le Morte d’Arthur, the character of the Black Knight appears and faces Sir Gareth. Gareth, nephew of King Arthur and Knight of the Round Table, has the story of his journey to become a knight detailed in Le Morte d’Arthur – during which time he defeats the Black Knight as well as several other villainous knights on his journey. Sir Gareth remains a major character in the story until his death at the hands of Sir Lancelot during Lancelot’s brief rebellion against King Arthur, though the story of Gareth overcoming his foes (including the Black Knight) remains a major feature of the book. Several other Black Knights appear in different versions of Arthurian legend, and we would be remiss if we did not include the most famous version here. In 1975 comedy film Monty Python and the Holy Grail, King Arthur (played by Graham Chapman) faces a fearsome Black Knight (played by John Cleese) guarding a “bridge” (played by a short wooden plank). The ensuing swordfight is famous even among those who do not typically enjoy the British comedy troupe’s humor, as King Arthur cuts off the Black Knight’s limbs one by one while the Black Knight comically refuses to acknowledge the severity of his wounds. The scene must be seen to be appreciated, so we have linked it here will all respect to the filmmakers and encourage everyone reading to purchase or rent a copy of the film. Structurally, the Black Knight Sword is built to our usual standards of strength and resilience. The sword’s blade is responsive, well balanced, tough yet flexible. The sword’s light weight and balance make this medieval sword a potent thrusting weapon. The dual tempered 5160 steel blade is solid and extends though the grip with a full tang. Classically styled with the typically close quarter blades of the 14th and 15th C, the Black Knight is similar to many swords that would have been carried by mounted noble-born warriors. What sets it apart beyond the stylistic guard is the richly decorated pommel, which crowns an equally embellished leather wrapped handle. Inspiring an essence of strength and heroism, the Black Knight sword is a must even for the most discriminating collector.	https://www.darksword-armory.com/medieval-weapon/medieval-swords/the-black-knight-medieval-sword-1312/
Armor Related articles for the medieval enthusiast. This section contains articles about suits of armor including armor related terms and names of the different pieces required to protect a medieval knight; blogs about armor products and D.I.Y. (Do it Yourself) articles to assist with armor repairs. Posted: July 06, 2016 The transition from chainmaille armour to plate armour seems to have taken place in the 13th century. Learn each of the parts a medieval suit of armour. Posted: May 03, 2018 It's been a tough day of battle and now its time to mend your armor. This DIY article will show you step by step approach to repair a hole in butted European 4 in 1 chain maille armor. 2-840 Dulaney DriveLondon, Ontario, Canada, N6C 5A4 1-888-473-5457 519-686-8763 Create a Free Reliks account to collect Reliks Rewards as well as to save your settings for future visits. (An account is not required to place an order) This feature is not available on this page.	https://www.reliks.com/library/armor/
Late Medieval and Renaissance Armour HD Quality is a parameter where we make no compromises. Fitment All measurement of the armor part is Adult Sizes. Size of Wooden base is 65 x 60 x 17 cm. Antique medieval knight suit of templar armor combat full body steel armour this item is in the category collectables\blade accs, armours & shields\armour & shields.	https://leiren-young.ca/antique-medieval-knight-suit-of-templar-armor-combat-full-body-steel-armour.html
About 50 years old, this spectacular suit of hand wrought steel armor with lavish hand engraving is a replica after a suit in the Royal Armory in Madrid, Spain. Signed by "Made in Spain" in Toledo, there is a pine pedestal. There is a little corrosion to the armor, which is embossed with intricate heraldic designs. The original suit dates from the era of Charles V and Philip II in the 1500's. Leather straps connect the various pieces. There is a wood frame to support the armor. Size is 30" wide, 18" deep and 70" tall, not including the pedestal, which is 18" square and 6" high. Please view 20 photos at full screen size for best detail. Related items in photos are sold separately. Shipping rate based on ground floor delivery from a trusted, feedback-rated service provider. Typical turnaround time is 14 business days, up to 30 for some areas. We are here to answer any questions, including shipping information and additional measurements. Please call us at (920) 733-7115 or use this form. Copyright ©1998-2022 Harp Gallery Antique Furniture. All rights reserved.	https://www.harpgallery.com/shop/item33514.html
"So, you had an empty suit of armor?" said Vasilisa, brightly. "Several. Fought so badly I wondered why they bothered," said Corridon. "Happens some times," said Ivan. "There was one, where we had that suit of armor, and when we opened the visor, a cat looked out." The red knight cleared his throat. "There are dog-headed men. Perhaps there are cat-headed ones, as well." "No, the cat jumped out. And -- there are no hags that can turn to cats in our lands. But still we caged it, and it did not turn back to human form over night. We let it loose to catch mice and catch it off guard -- and it stayed a cat for seven years before dying of old age -- it had not been too young when it jumped out."	https://marycatelli.livejournal.com/897886.html
Most of us are familiar with the idea of Jesus as the Good Shepherd, but what about Jesus as a knight in shining armor, ready to do battle with a Black Knight called Satan or a fire-breathing dragon called Hell? In the literature of the Middle Ages, Christ was represented as such a knight, ready to save the day. Evidence of this can be found in Latin and Middle English sermons, religious lyrics, dramas, and hymns from the 13th to the 15th centuries. In one hymn, Christ’s crown of thorns actually transforms into a battle helmet! Though the idea of the Christ Knight may seem strange, there is a biblical precedent. Ephesians 6:13-16 describes the armor of God’s soldier: Wherefore take unto you the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness; and your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace; Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked. And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God… The Christ Knight could be represented in two different ways. He could be the courtly lover wooing his beloved lady and sacrificing his life for her in battle (a story about Christ’s love of the human soul), or he could be the fearless warrior who duels with the forces of evil, is crucified, and rises from the grave to free the souls imprisoned in Hell. One of the earliest examples of the Christ Knight as courtly lover comes from an English manuscript of 1215. An anonymous author wrote the manuscript, Ancrene Riwle, whose purpose was to instruct three young ladies on religious and intellectual matters. In it, he tells a story about a lady in a castle of clay, surrounded by enemies. She is cold and unresponsive to the brave knight trying to woo her, yet he rides out to joust for her and dies on the battlefield, his body his shield, stretched out on the Cross. Christ as a warrior was also a popular motif. In a poem by William Herebert, written in 1333, Jesus is a young lord and valiant champion, not afraid of a good fight. In the Christian epic poem, Piers Plowman, Christ wears his “humana natura” as a helmet and armor to save all of mankind. Though he’s crucified on earth, he rises after death to storm the gates of Hell, described as a castle. The devils in Hell are unprepared for the attack, because Christ had come “disguised” as a simple human being rather than a great king. This disguise is payback to Satan for wearing the disguise of a snake to tempt Adam and Eve. “Jousting” with Satan in the “armor” of human flesh, Christ frees the souls of the good people (such as Moses and Adam) who lived on earth before his birth. Clearly, the Christ Knight was a powerful Medieval symbol.	https://sites.nd.edu/manuscript-studies/tag/apocrypha/
Do you like this video? Play Sound Iron Knight is a member of Justice 9. History A version of Bruce Wayne inspired after the deaths of his parents by the sight of a suit of armor to become the heroic Iron Knight, who would later join Justice 9. Notes - Iron Knight is an homage to Knight Watchman of Big Bang Comics, who was a pastiche of Batman. Iron Knight is also confirmed by creator Grant Morrison as the Batman-analogue seen in Batman #256, making him additionally his universe's version of Bruce Wayne. Related - 2 Appearances of Bruce Wayne (Earth 36) - 2 Images featuring Bruce Wayne (Earth 36) - Quotations by or about Bruce Wayne (Earth 36) - Character Gallery: Bruce Wayne (Earth 36) Footnotes \|Justice League member\| This character is or was a member of the Justice League of America, or the Justice League in any of its various incarnations, sworn by a duty to act as guardians of America and the world by using their skills and/or superpowers to protect Earth from both interstellar and domestic threats.	https://dc.fandom.com/wiki/Bruce_Wayne_(Earth_36)
Word for the day: xylography—the art of making engravings on wood especially for printing. In other words, a woodcut. The master of woodcuts was Albrecht Dürer (1472-1528), a German painter and printmaker during the Renaissance. Here are some examples I saw at a special exhibit at the Phoenix Art Museum last year: The Adoration of the Magi Detail of The Adoration of the Magi The Annunciation Detail of The Annunciation The complexity in Dürer’s work is amazing, especially when you consider that he carved away everything except what you see–thin lines, dashes, intricate folds and feathers… You can see his initials (the stylized A surrounding the D) in the details.	https://arhtisticlicense.com/2018/04/page/2/
Warning! This comic has a recent publication date, thus the article below may contain spoilers! Read beyond this point at your own risk! \| \| Part of the "Age of Khonshu" story arc Avengers Vol 8 #37 Previous Issue Next Issue - You failed, Khonshu, because we're the people who hold gods accountable. You are hereby under arrest. In the name of the Earth and its Avengers. Appearing in "The Age of Khonshu - Conclusion: Phoenix: Moonsong" Featured Characters: - Avengers Supporting Characters: - Starbrand (Brandy Selby) - Okoye (Voice) Antagonists: - Khonshu - Moon Knight (Marc Spector) (Possessed by Phoenix Force) - Mummies - Cult of Khonshu - Moon Priests (Real name first revealed) - Werewolf Guard (First appearance) Other Characters: Races and Species: - Humans - Human-Vampire Hybrids - Human-Kree Hybrids - Ennead - Abstract Entities - Demons (Mentioned) - Werewolves - Asgardians - Mutants - Mummies Locations: - Earth - Hell (Invoked) Items: - Moon Knight's Suit - Panther Habit - Mjolnir - Iron Man Armor Model 29 - Captain Marvel's Suit - Star Brand - Ghost Rider's Chain - Blade's Sword - She-Hulk's Vibranium Containment Suit - Captain America's Uniform and Shield - Eye of Agamotto - Adamantium (on Wolverine's claws) Vehicles: - Hell Charger - An ambulance Synopsis for "The Age of Khonshu - Conclusion: Phoenix: Moonsong" - Synopsis not yet written. Solicit Synopsis THE AGE OF KHONSHU COMES TO ITS THUNDEROUS CONCLUSION! The ragtag Avengers take the fight to the power mad Khonshu, deep in the heart of New Thebes City. But which side will Moon Knight choose? And is Earth doomed either way? See Also Footnotes \|Like this? Let us know!\| Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.	https://marvel.fandom.com/wiki/Avengers_Vol_8_37
This painting features the famous medieval legend of Saint George, who saved a princess about to be sacrificed to the dragon threatening her father’s kingdom. This teaching packet includes an essay, discussion questions, activity ideas, and a glossary. Saint George Killing the Dragon is the central panel of a now-disassembled altarpiece devoted to the popular saint; the four smaller panels that originally surrounded it are in the Louvre in Paris. The panel was painted by Bernat Martorell, one of the greatest Catalan painters of the first half of the 15th century. Catalonia, originally an independent kingdom and now the northeastern region of Spain, claimed Saint George as its patron saint. The scene depicted here is borrowed from The Golden Legend, a widely read collection of stories about the lives of saints written in the 13th century. This particular legend centers on the city of Silene and tells of the rescue of the princess and her people from a horrible dragon. According to the legend, sheep and townspeople had been offered as victims to feed the dragon. The town decided by lottery who would be sacrificed. Finally, when only a few people remained—suggested by the scattered bones—the daughter of the king drew the deadly lot. The panel shows the saint defending the princess from the dragon, while the king and his remaining subjects watch from a distant castle. Even though Saint George lived in the third century, Martorell clothed his subjects in contemporary dress and included symbolic and pictorial detail that would easily be understood by the illiterate medieval viewer. Saint George is fully garbed in dark iron armor, realistically depicted with buckles and rivets. A white (the color of purity) fabric coat- armor or surcoat is tied to the armor, bearing the saint’s coat of arms—a red cross, the symbol of the governing body of Catalonia and formerly the sign of someone who had gone on a crusade to the Holy Land. The knight stands in his gilded stirrups, his lance poised above the dragon. He also wears the gilded spurs of a knight. Behind him, the princess is jeweled and draped in ermine fur and red (the color of sacrifice), standing next to a grazing white ram (a symbolic of sacrifice). The castle background is shown in meticulous detail. The spectators are in varied and in colorful dress, some with turbans, suggesting the foreign locale, others in contemporary clothing. It is probably spring or summer, as indicated by the vibrant green gardens near the castle. Everything in the countryside is noted with care: the variety of plants in the garden, lizards basking in the sun among the rocks, even a fly that can be seen perched on a bone at the bottom of the panel. The figure of Saint George is central to the composition. His lance, right arm, and right foot form a strong diagonal, generating a thrust of action toward the dragon and foreshadowing the gruesome ending for this destructive beast. A striking attention to detail is combined with rich color and textural effects, adding drama and excitement to the scene. Stucco (a resilient finish or outside walls composed of cement, sand, and lime that is applied wet) builds up the surface of the canvas to emphasize the halo, crown, horse gear, sword, dagger and lance. These raised elements are then gilded or painted. The entire surface of the dragon is modeled in relief; the paint (probably mixed with a sandy material) is thickly applied so that the animal’s frightening features—scales, claws, eyes—extend above the surface of the canvas and virtually come alive. The paint, in rich tones of green, red, and yellow, is literally modeled like clay. Viewed within a church setting, the painting’s gold would shimmer in the flickering candlelight. The story was meant to excite the imagination and interest of viewers while providing an important church lesson on the triumph of good (Saint George) over evil (the dragon). Armor differs in its component parts depending on the period and culture in which it was made, and the function it was intended to serve. The armor worn by Saint George was used for war—a masterful combination of protection, maneuverability, and artistic design, which kept the load borne by its wearer to the absolute minimum. Please use the key below as you analyze the components of armor on this diagram. A armet: a close-fitting helmet introduced in the 15th century, with a visor (shown raised) to protect the eye region, and deep cheekpieces that locked together at the chin, reinforced with an armor plate called a “buffe” B pauldron with gardbrace: defense for the shoulder and upper-most part of the arm, with an attached reinforcing plate on the front C cowter: the armor for the elbow D gauntlets: glove-like armor for the hands E, F saddle with stirrups: the cushioned seat used by a rider on horseback, with metal stirrups used to assist mounting and provide a more secure platform while riding. War saddles often have armor plates at the front and rear. G sabaton: armor for the foot, here made of overlapping narrow plates riveted together H spurs: prod s, usually of metal, worn on the rid er’s heels, used to direct the horse into a desired response I greave: close-fitting tube that protected the lower leg and ankle J cuisses with poleyns: thigh and knee armor, respectively K tassets: defenses attached to the bottom edge of the torso armor, to protect the front of the hips and upper thighs L dagger: a hand-held weapon with a relatively short pointed blade M fauld or skirt: a hoop-like defense of metal bands that protect the hip and lower back regions N breastplate: plate armor for the torso to just below the waist. In this illustration, the breastplate is covered by a fabric cover called a coat-armor, held by laces. O lance rest: a shock-absorbing bracket for the lance, fastened to the right side of the breastplate, below the armpit P vambrace: armored tubes for the upper and lower arm, linked together by the cowter Q lance: a long spear used by warriors on horseback, consisting of a wooden shaft with a metal head - Martorell’s painting shows a scene from a story. Write down a list of characters from a story you are familiar with. Draw a scene from the story using some or all of the characters on your list. - Draw what you think happened just before the scene in Martorell’s painting, then draw what might have happened afterward. - Create a drawing of what you imagine to be inside the dragon’s lair or inside one of the rooms in the castle. - Martorell combined parts of different animals to create the dragon in his painting. Create your own dragon made up of parts of different animals. - Choose six students to play: Saint George, the Princess, the King and Queen, the Ram, and the Dragon. The rest of the students are the townspeople. Have each student act out this character. They could respond to questions such as: Saint George: Why are you here? Princess: What would you say to your parents, the King and Queen, before you leave the castle? What would you say to thank Saint George? King and Queen: What advice would you give to your daughter? Ram: What sounds do you make? Dragon: What would you say to Saint George? Saint George: How would you reply? Townspeople: How would you react when the dragon is finally killed? - April 23 is Saint George’s Day, honoring this heroic knight and patron saint of armorers, archers, knights, and soldiers in general. This festival is still celebrated in parts of Spain, Portugal, England, and central Europe. Have the class plan a spring Saint George’s Day festival. Discuss with your students the focus of the celebration (a hero’s welcome). What activities would you include in the celebration? - Discuss how Saint George personifies good and the dragon evil. Note Saint George’s command over the situation and how he becomes the princess’s hero. What are some of the symbols of Saint George’s role: the cross or coat of arms; his halo; his size and position in the composition. Would this representation of Saint George fit our image of a hero today? Why or why not? What qualities does the hero personify? How is the hero representative of today’s world? - If all knights wore armor, how could they be recognized as friends or enemies? Discuss horse coverings, plumes, tunics over armor, and banners. A knight’s coat of arms became his identification. It indicated pictorially his family lineage and therefore indicated what side he was on. The coat of arms was often embroidered on a cloth tunic, or surcoat, or painted on his wooden shield. Students can design their own symbols for a coat of arms and a shield using emblems, border designs, plumes, helmets, crossed swords, etc. Students can look at contemporary design elements such as sports equipment and compare the techniques of distinguishing oneself in a public competition. A knight was meant to be brave, honest and fair —what pictures could you use to symbolize these ideas? Bernat Martorell. Saint George Killing the Dragon, 1434/35 Produced by the Department of Museum Education The Art Institute of Chicago Ronne Hartfield, oman’s Board Endowed Executive Director Robert W. Eskridge, associate director, Student and Teacher Programs Margaret F. Farr, assistant director, Teacher Programs Technical review by Walter J. Karcheski Jr., consulting curator of arms and armor for the Harding Collection at the Art Institute Contributions by Mary Erbach, David Parker, and Jeanne Poole This teacher packet is available through the Crown Family Educator Resource Center (formerly the Elizabeth Stone Robson Teacher Resource Center).	https://www.artic.edu/collection/resources/educator-resources/32-educator-resource-packet-saint-george-killing-the-dragon-by-bernat-martorell
Military combatants are frequently exposed to physical exertion, sleep deprivation, deficient diets, and stress, which can all reduce the immune system's ability to ward off infections. Making matters worse, combatants frequently inhabit overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions, which allow bacteria to thrive. As a result of these circumstances, the military lifestyle is associated with increased exposure and susceptibility to infectious diseases. This explains why epidemics are extremely common during times of war, especially in pre-twentieth century conflicts. Though military infectious diseases have been the topic of much research, bioarchaeological contributions have been limited, as most infectious diseases do not cause direct skeletal changes. For example, diarrhoea, dysentery, gonorrhea, and tonsillitis do not cause skeletal changes, but all are known to have been common among historical combatants. Though direct skeletal changes are not produced, the pathogenic bacteria causing these ailments can trigger reactive arthropathies (arthritic conditions caused by microbial infections), which includes the Spondyloarthropathies. Spondyloarthropathies cause skeletal changes and can be observed in archaeological remains. As such, the present research has chosen to explore the potential consequences of military infectious disease by answering the following question: were reactive arthropathies an occupational hazard to past military combatants? This question is answered through two methods. First, historical research methods were employed to investigate the primary research question and to provide a detailed medical history of the emblematic example of reactive arthropathy, Reactive Arthritis. Secondly, a palaeoepidemiological study was designed and implemented to understand the prevalence of reactive pathology in military skeletal assemblages; this is a novel bioarchaeological means of understanding the potential impact of military infectious diseases.	https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.790840
Welcome to the latest edition of European Neurological Review. This issue features a number of topical articles that have been chosen for their assessment of current practices and research that directly affect neurologists and other practitioners involved in the care of patients with neurological illness. The number of people with dementia is steadily increasing and there is an urgent need to plan for the future to ensure that the right care and support is available. In an editorial, Jean Georges discusses the findings and implications of a new Alzheimer Europe report, ‘European Dementia Monitor 2017: comparing and benchmarking national dementia strategies and policies’. We also feature an expert interview with Clive Ballard on the subject of psychotic episodes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a common occurrence that is associated with more rapid cognitive and functional deterioration. The importance of B cells is increasingly being recognised in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Nikolaos Grigoriadis reviews the novel approach of targeting of both T and B cells in MS, with a focus on the recently developed therapy, alemtuzumab. Also on the subject of MS, in an expert interview, Gavin Giovannoni discusses cladribine, the first oral short-course treatment to provide efficacy across key measures of disease activity in adult patients with highly active relapsing MS, which is now available in Europe. Following the recent 18th Congress of the International Headache Society in Vancouver, Canada in September 2017, Rothrock and Reuter present two expert perspectives on the use of preventative therapies for migraine. In addition, Cortelli et al. provide an overview of the use of triptans in the treatment of acute migraine. Psychotic symptoms occur in almost half of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and, in addition to the disruption they cause to the lives of patients and their caregivers, have consistently been shown to be associated with poor outcomes. Current guidelines include recommendations for managing symptoms of psychosis in patients with PD. In two original research articles, Keziah Cook et al. describe the prevalence patterns of PD psychosis and also the patterns of care and treatment for the condition across the European Union (EU). Finally, Jacques De Reuck presents an original study describing the imaging of cerebrovascular lesions in Pick complex diseases with 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging. The Pick complex diseases have the common feature of a low incidence of real cerebrovascular lesions, a useful diagnostic finding. European Neurological Review would like to thank all expert authors who contributed to this edition. Special thanks go to our Editorial Board for their continuing support and guidance. We are also grateful to all our media partners and organisations for their ongoing support. We trust that you will find this edition of European Neurological Review useful and interesting.	https://touchneurology.com/epilepsy/journal-articles/foreword-european-neurological-review-201712259/
Introduction and Chapter 1 uploaded with the kind permission of the publisher, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2011. ISBN: 97883837955 Avaiable from Amazon here http://www.amazon.co.uk/Lighting-Controls-Their-Associated-Problems/dp/3838379551/ref=sr_1_12?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1326446752&sr=1-12 Abstract This research arose out of a project began as a post occupancy evaluation of lighting controls installed in a range of buildings. Actual controlled lighting consumption was to be compared against past billing or simulated energy consumption. However, when the research began it was found that the controls had been removed from two out of three buildings. This raised a much bigger research question as to why were the controls disconnected and what were the factors governing success or failure of these systems? A whole new methodology from that first envisaged had to be established. To find out what people know, or think, it is necessary to ask them. A framework was created to determine if there was correlation between past findings and the reasons for failure in the case studies. The research that followed posed many difficult challenges including the use of qualitative data in an engineering environment. Some of the findings included comparatively high maintenance costs, misinterpretations of commissioning processes, incomplete analysis prior to installation and the requirement for post occupancy evaluation in current engineering practices. Recommended Citation Doyle, B., Kelly, K.: Lighting Controls and Their Associated Problems: an Investigation Into Why Lighting Controls Fail in Buildings. Lambert Academic Publishing, 2011.	https://arrow.tudublin.ie/engschelebk/6/
A. S. Ecker, P. Berens, R. J. Cotton, M. Subramaniyan, G. H. Denfield, C. R. Cadwell, S. M. Smirnakis, M. Bethge, and A. S. Tolias (2014): State dependence of noise correlations in macaque primary visual cortex. Neuron 82(1). For the documentation and instructions please consult the readme file in the code repository. The documentation is still work in progress. The code in this repository by A. Ecker is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Note that the dataset associated with the paper is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. This means you are free to use the data to reproduce and validate our results. However, if you want to use our data in your own research and publish a new analysis, we kindly ask you to get in touch with us before doing so. We imposed the no derivatives because we would like to know about results by other people before they are published to avoid misunderstandings and/or misinterpretations of the data. We are committed to sharing code and data related to our research and welcome anyone to reproduce our results and/or re-analyze it with their own methods.	https://toliaslab.org/resources/ecker-et-al-2014/
PhD trainee Shiying Liu has secured the AFAR 2021 Diana Jacobs Kaman Scholarship for Research in the Biology of Aging. The scholarship gives students the opportunity to focus in the field of aging research, as well as increase their understanding of the challenges involved in improving the quality of life for older people. Shiying Liu is working to identify genetic determinants of neurodegenerative diseases commonly associated with aging. The proposed research will examine and identify novel genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease, the most common cause of dementia and the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. No effective treatments or cures currently exist for this devasting age-related disease. Ms. Liu and colleagues will search genome sequences for rare genetic changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease and related phenotypes. This will leverage a new protein structure-based method developed by William S. Bush, PhD’s lab that employs a novel functional annotation technique and incorporates the spatial information of the protein structure to identify rare functional genetic variants. Findings from the proposed study will lead to a better understanding of Alzheimer’s disease and a potentially more nuanced understanding of the general mechanisms of aging important for the development of prevention, intervention, and treatment opportunities for a variety of neurodegenerative diseases common among the elderly. Read more about the AFAR scholarship here. Read more about Shiying Liu’s research interests and track record here.	https://case.edu/medicine/pqhs/news-events/phd-trainee-shiying-liu-secures-afar-2021-scholarship

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