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Mundaring Demographics (WA) Local Stats
Mundaring (6073) is a suburb of South Western, Heartlands, Western Australia. It is about 30 kms from WA's capital city of Perth. Mundaring is in the federal electorate of Pearce.
In the 2011 census the population of Mundaring was 3,011 and is comprised of approximately 51.7% females and 48.3% males.
The median/average age of the population of Mundaring is 46 years of age.
68.3% of people living in the suburb of Mundaring were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were 14.0% England, 2.4% New Zealand, 1.0% Scotland, 0.9% South Africa, 0.7% Germany, 0.6% Netherlands, 0.6% United States of America, 0.5% Italy, 0.5% Wales, 0.4% India, 0.4% Ireland, 0.3% China , 0.3% South Eastern Europe, nfd, 0.2% Zimbabwe.
90.9% of people living in Mundaring speak English only. The other top languages spoken are 5.6% Language spoken at home not stated, 0.8% Other, 0.5% Italian, 0.4% Dutch, 0.4% German, 0.4% Japanese, 0.3% Mandarin, 0.2% Spanish, 0.1% French.
The religious makeup of Mundaring is 27.7% No religion, 24.1% Anglican, 18.3% Catholic, 10.5% Religious affiliation not stated, 3.6% Uniting Church, 3.2% Christian, nfd, 1.9% Presbyterian and Reformed, 1.9% Baptist, 1.7% Brethren, 1.3% Buddhism.
54.3% of people are married, 26.2% have never married and 9.3% are divorced and 2.9% are separated. There are 182 widowed people living in Mundaring.
56.2% of the people living in Mundaring over the age of 15 and who identify as being in the labour force are employed full time, 34.1% are working on a part time basis. Mundaring has an unemployment rate of 3.6%.
The main occupations of people living in Mundaring are 18.6% Professionals, 17.0% Clerical & administrative workers, 16.7% Technicians & trades workers, 10.9% Managers, 10.2% Sales workers, 9.9% Community & personal service workers, 7.6% Machinery operators & drivers, 7.6% Labourers, 1.6% Occupation inadequately described/ Not stated.
The main industries people from Mundaring work in are 10.1% Retail trade, 10.0% Public administration and safety, 9.5% Health care and social assistance, 9.3% Manufacturing, 9.3% Construction, 8.9% Education and training, 6.9% Mining, 6.7% Professional, scientific and technical services, 5.6% Other services.
38.4% of homes are fully owned, and 38.0% are in the process of being purchased by home loan mortgage. 15.0% of homes are rented.
The median individual income is $573 per week and the median household income is $1319 per week.
The median rent in Mundaring is $250 per week and the median mortgage repayment is $1625 per month. | http://localstats.com.au/demographics/wa/south-western/heartlands/mundaring |
Theodore Demographics (ACT) Local Stats
Theodore (2905) is a suburb of Canberra, Tuggeranong, Australian Capital Territory. It is about 19 kms from ACT's capital city of Canberra. Theodore is in the federal electorate of Canberra.
In the 2011 census the population of Theodore was 4,020 and is comprised of approximately 50.0% females and 50.0% males.
The median/average age of the population of Theodore is 31 years of age.
81.3% of people living in the suburb of Theodore were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were 3.1% England, 1.1% New Zealand, 0.6% Scotland, 0.6% Laos, 0.6% India, 0.5% Sri Lanka, 0.5% Fiji, 0.5% Vietnam, 0.5% Malaysia, 0.5% Poland, 0.4% Samoa, 0.4% Netherlands, 0.4% Philippines, 0.3% Chile.
87.1% of people living in Theodore speak English only. The other top languages spoken are 2.8% Language spoken at home not stated, 1.6% Other, 0.8% Spanish, 0.8% Urdu, 0.6% Arabic, 0.6% Samoan, 0.5% Vietnamese, 0.5% Polish, 0.5% German.
The religious makeup of Theodore is 32.1% Catholic, 25.5% No religion, 16.4% Anglican, 6.1% Religious affiliation not stated, 2.8% Presbyterian and Reformed, 2.7% Christian, nfd, 2.6% Uniting Church, 1.6% Islam, 1.6% Buddhism, 1.3% Lutheran.
48.7% of people are married, 38.0% have never married and 8.8% are divorced and 2.9% are separated. There are 47 widowed people living in Theodore.
65.3% of the people living in Theodore over the age of 15 and who identify as being in the labour force are employed full time, 24.9% are working on a part time basis. Theodore has an unemployment rate of 2.8%.
The main occupations of people living in Theodore are 22.0% Clerical & administrative workers, 18.9% Professionals, 14.0% Managers, 13.8% Technicians & trades workers, 10.4% Community & personal service workers, 8.9% Sales workers, 5.8% Labourers, 4.8% Machinery operators & drivers, 1.4% Occupation inadequately described/ Not stated.
The main industries people from Theodore work in are 30.8% Public administration and safety, 9.5% Retail trade, 9.2% Health care and social assistance, 8.0% Construction, 6.3% Education and training, 6.2% Professional, scientific and technical services, 5.2% Accommodation and food services, 4.3% Other services, 3.7% Manufacturing.
21.5% of homes are fully owned, and 57.6% are in the process of being purchased by home loan mortgage. 19.6% of homes are rented.
The median individual income is $905 per week and the median household income is $1977 per week.
The median rent in Theodore is $370 per week and the median mortgage repayment is $2087 per month. | https://localstats.com.au/demographics/act/canberra/tuggeranong/theodore |
Real average hourly earnings for all employees was unchanged from May to June, seasonally adjusted, the result of a 0.4-percent increase in average hourly earnings being offset by a 0.5-percent increase in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
|Month||Real average|
hourly earnings
|Average|
hourly earnings
|Real average|
weekly earnings
|Average|
weekly earnings
|Avergage|
weekly hours
|CPI-U|
Jun 2012
|0.2||0.3||0.2||0.3||0.0||0.1|
Jul 2012
|0.2||0.2||0.2||0.2||0.0||0.0|
Aug 2012
|-0.6||0.0||-0.6||0.0||0.0||0.5|
Sep 2012
|-0.2||0.3||0.1||0.6||0.3||0.5|
Oct 2012
|-0.3||-0.1||-0.8||-0.7||-0.6||0.2|
Nov 2012
|0.6||0.4||0.9||0.7||0.3||-0.2|
Dec 2012
|0.4||0.3||0.6||0.6||0.3||0.0|
Jan 2013
|0.1||0.1||-0.2||-0.2||-0.3||0.0|
Feb 2013
|-0.6||0.2||-0.2||0.5||0.3||0.7|
Mar 2013
|0.3||0.0||0.5||0.3||0.3||-0.2|
Apr 2013
|0.6||0.3||0.3||0.0||-0.3||-0.4|
May 2013(p)
|-0.1||0.1||-0.1||0.1||0.0||0.1|
Jun 2013(p)
|0.0||0.4||-0.1||0.4||0.0||0.5|
Footnotes:
In June, real average weekly earnings fell 0.1 percent over the month as a result of unchanged real average hourly earnings and an unchanged average workweek.
From June 2012 to June 2013, real average hourly earnings rose 0.4 percent, seasonally adjusted. The increase in real average hourly earnings, combined with a 0.3-percent increase in the average workweek, resulted in a 0.7-percent increase in real average weekly earnings over this period.
These earnings data are from the Current Employment Statistics program. Earnings data for May and June are preliminary and subject to revision. To learn more, see “Real Earnings — June 2013” (HTML) (PDF), news release USDL‑13‑1343. The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers from the Consumer Price Indexes program is used to deflate the all employees data.
SUGGESTED CITATION
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Real earnings unchanged in June 2013 on the Internet at https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2013/ted_20130718.htm (visited January 17, 2018).
OF INTEREST
Recent editions of Spotlight on Statistics
-
Industry on Tap: Breweries
A look at employment, wages, and job safety in breweries and producer prices for beer.
-
Differences in Parents’ Time Use between the Summer and the School Year
A look at how parents of school-age children spend their time in the summer and the school year.
-
Hispanics in the United States: Celebrating National Hispanic Heritage Month
A look at employment, earnings, consumer spending, time use, and workplace injuries and illnesses for the Hispanic or Latino U.S. population.
-
Expenditures on Admissions to the Arts, Movies, Sporting Events, and Other Entertainment
A look at consumer spending and attendance at arts, sports, and entertainment events. | https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2013/ted_20130718.htm |
Distances are displayed to the nearest 0.1 mile and kilometer.
Latvian National Opera - 0.3 km / 0.2 mi
St John's Church - 0.3 km / 0.2 mi
Riga Central Market - 0.3 km / 0.2 mi
Menzendorff House - 0.4 km / 0.3 mi
St. Peter's Church - 0.5 km / 0.3 mi
Laima Clock - 0.5 km / 0.3 mi
Occupation Museum - 0.5 km / 0.3 mi
Great Guild Hall - 0.5 km / 0.3 mi
Small Guild Hall - 0.5 km / 0.3 mi
House of the Blackheads - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Town Hall - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Powder Tower - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Freedom Monument - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Latvian Rifleman Monument - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Bastion Hill - 0.7 km / 0.4 mi
The preferred airport for Forums Hotel is Riga (RIX-Riga Intl.) - 11.2 km / 6.9 mi
Property Policies
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card, debit card, or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Please note that cultural norms and guest policies may differ by country and by property. The policies listed are provided by the property.
For more details, please contact the property using the information on the booking confirmation. 24-hour airport shuttle service is available. Fees may apply. Contact the property in advance to get details. Please note, the elevator at this property reaches to the 5th floor only, not the 6th floor.
Important Information
Please note, there is important information about this property to know before you arrive.
- No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Fee for buffet breakfast: EUR 5 per person (approximately)
- Airport shuttle fee: EUR 22 per vehicle (one way)
- Late check-out fee: EUR 25 (subject to availability)
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 25.0 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change. | https://hotels.jetstar.com/properties/55735-forums-hotel |
Americans paid extra for nearly everything last month as the cost of living picked up more than expected, newly released US inflation data from the government shows.
Consumer prices advanced 0.5 percent in December 2010, capping six straight monthly gains. Many forecasters were pegging an inflation rate that hovered closer around 0.4 percent. Consumer prices were up 0.1 percent in November, but back then energy prices were in check as they had risen by the smallest amount in five months.
Most items the government tracks actually ticked only modesty higher in December 2010, but not energy. Prices at the pump soared. Gasoline jumped 8.5 percent in December 2010 versus a 0.7 percent increase during the previous month.
"The gasoline index rose sharply and accounted for about 80 percent of the all items seasonally adjusted increase," the US Labor Department reported Friday morning in its monthly Consumer Price Index (CPI) statement.
Food costs edged slightly higher, climbing 0.1 percent last month. That was lower than the previous monthly 0.2 percent gain.
Stripping out the more volatile food and energy items, the so-called core US inflation rate advanced 0.1 percent in December 2010, the same as in November.
"The index for all items less food and energy also rose in December. An increase in the shelter index accounted for about 60 percent of the rise, and the indexes for airline fares, medical care and apparel rose as well," noted the Labor Department’s report. "These increases more than offset declines in the indexes for communication, recreation, and household furnishings and operations."
The Federal Reserve noted on Wednesday that companies are having to pay more to produce goods and services, but that "competitive pressures" were limiting how those costs were getting passed down to the consumer level.
US Inflation climbed 1.5 percent year. That is higher than the 1.1 percent 12-month reading reported in November. US inflation was at 2.7 percent in 2009.
"It is disconcerting that inflation is starting to accelerate, and you have to wonder, with gas prices moving above $3 a gallon, whether the rate of inflation will continue to escalate," Bernard Baumohl, chief global economist with The Economic Outlook Group, said and was quoted on CNNMoney.com.
The core US inflation rate rose 0.8 percent on an annual basis, which was the same reading as in the previous month and still close to the 0.6 percent rise in October which was the lowest 12-month increase since record-keeping began in 1957. However, as 2010 is now closed, the 0.8 percent reading marks a new record low for a year. Core US inflation was up 1.8 percent in the prior year. The latest level continues to remain well below the Federal Reserve’s target range of 1-2 percent, as noted in the Fed’s monthly FOMC statement last month:
"Longer-term inflation expectations have remained stable, but measures of underlying inflation have continued to trend downward," said the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC).
"The Committee will maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 0 to 1/4 percent and continues to anticipate that economic conditions, including low rates of resource utilization, subdued inflation trends, and stable inflation expectations, are likely to warrant exceptionally low levels for the federal funds rate for an extended period," the FOMC added.
"The Committee will continue to monitor the economic outlook and financial developments and will employ its policy tools as necessary to support the economic recovery and to help ensure that inflation, over time, is at levels consistent with its mandate."
The FOMC’s next two-day meeting, with its economic policy statement and views on inflation to follow at the conclusion, is scheduled for January 25-26.
Consumer prices as reported by the US Labor Department follow:
December 2010 Consumer Prices – Gains (%)
|Jun||Jul||Aug||Sept||Oct||Nov||Dec||12
|
Month
|All items||-0.1||0.3||0.3||0.1||0.2||0.1||0.5||1.5|
|Food||.0||-0.1||0.2||0.3||0.1||0.2||0.1||1.5|
|Food at home||-0.1||-0.1||.0||0.3||.0||0.3||0.1||1.7|
|Food away from home||0.1||.0||0.3||0.3||0.1||0.1||0.1||1.3|
|Energy||-2.9||2.6||2.3||0.7||2.6||0.2||4.6||7.7|
|Energy commodities||-4.1||4||3.8||1.8||4.4||0.8||7.5||13.9|
|Gasoline (all types)||-4.5||4.6||3.9||1.6||4.6||0.7||8.5||13.8|
|Fuel oil||-3.2||-1.6||0.9||0.8||4.7||4.2||4.9||16.5|
|Energy services||-1.6||0.8||0.4||-0.8||0.2||-0.7||0.5||-0.1|
|Electricity||-2.2||0.5||0.2||-0.3||0.4||0.9||0.3||0.7|
|Utility (piped) gas service||0.6||1.7||1.1||-2.3||-0.4||-5.7||1.4||-2.8|
|All items less food, energy||0.2||0.1||.0||.0||.0||0.1||0.1||0.8|
|Comm. less food, energy||0.2||0.2||0.1||-0.2||-0.2||-0.1||.0||-0.4|
|New vehicles||0.1||0.1||0.3||0.1||-0.2||-0.4||.0||-0.2|
|Used cars and trucks||0.9||0.8||0.7||-0.7||-0.9||-0.5||-0.1||3.7|
|Apparel||0.8||0.6||-0.1||-0.6||-0.3||0.2||0.1||-1.1|
|Medical care||.0||-0.2||0.2||0.3||0.1||0.2||0.1||2.9|
|Services less energy||0.1||0.1||.0||0.1||0.1||0.2||0.1||1.3|
|Shelter||0.1||0.1||.0||.0||0.1||0.1||0.1||0.4|
|Transportation||.0||.0||0.1||0.3||0.3||0.5||0.2||2.8|
|Medical care||0.4||.0||0.2||0.8||0.2||0.1||0.3||3.4|
The Labor Department’s Consumer Price Index for January 2011 is scheduled for release on February 17, 2011, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). The CPI data is used as the core engine for the US Inflation Calculator. | https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation/us-inflation-jumps-as-consumer-prices-climb-in-december-2010/1000828/ |
Como Demographics (NSW) Local Stats
Como (2226) is a suburb of Sydney, Sutherland, New South Wales. It is about 20 kms from NSW's capital city of Sydney. Como is in the federal electorate of Cook.
In the 2011 census the population of Como was 3,789 and is comprised of approximately 50.1% females and 49.9% males.
The median/average age of the population of Como is 38 years of age.
83.6% of people living in the suburb of Como were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were 4.4% England, 1.3% New Zealand, 1.0% China , 0.6% United States of America, 0.5% Scotland, 0.5% Germany, 0.4% Ireland, 0.3% Croatia, 0.3% South Africa, 0.3% Canada, 0.3% Northern Ireland, 0.3% Greece, 0.2% India, 0.2% Philippines.
91.3% of people living in Como speak English only. The other top languages spoken are 1.8% Language spoken at home not stated, 1.1% Greek, 1.0% Mandarin, 0.5% Cantonese, 0.4% Other, 0.4% Macedonian, 0.4% Croatian, 0.4% German, 0.3% Italian.
The religious makeup of Como is 29.3% Catholic, 23.9% Anglican, 23.0% No religion, 5.5% Uniting Church, 4.9% Religious affiliation not stated, 2.5% Eastern Orthodox, 2.4% Presbyterian and Reformed, 2.0% Baptist, 1.3% Christian, nfd, 1.2% Other religious affiliation .
60.9% of people are married, 27.5% have never married and 5.2% are divorced and 2.1% are separated. There are 126 widowed people living in Como.
59.7% of the people living in Como over the age of 15 and who identify as being in the labour force are employed full time, 31.7% are working on a part time basis. Como has an unemployment rate of 3.4%.
The main occupations of people living in Como are 31.7% Professionals, 16.0% Clerical & administrative workers, 15.1% Managers, 12.4% Technicians & trades workers, 8.2% Sales workers, 8.2% Community & personal service workers, 4.2% Labourers, 3.1% Machinery operators & drivers, 1.1% Occupation inadequately described/ Not stated.
The main industries people from Como work in are 12.1% Education and training, 10.7% Professional, scientific and technical services, 9.4% Health care and social assistance, 8.6% Retail trade, 8.1% Public administration and safety, 7.7% Financial and insurance services, 7.6% Construction, 6.9% Manufacturing, 6.3% Transport, postal and warehousing.
40.6% of homes are fully owned, and 47.6% are in the process of being purchased by home loan mortgage. 9.5% of homes are rented.
The median individual income is $778 per week and the median household income is $2254 per week.
The median rent in Como is $450 per week and the median mortgage repayment is $2600 per month. | https://localstats.com.au/demographics/nsw/sydney/sutherland/como |
WASHINGTON – U.S. consumer spending (search) slowed in April, rising a slimmer-than-expected 0.6 percent, but shoppers got a little more for their money as inflation eased a bit, a government report showed on Friday.
The rise in personal spending followed an upwardly revised increase of 0.9 percent in March, the Commerce Department (search) said. Income rose 0.7 percent.
Analysts on Wall Street had expected a larger 0.8 percent advance in spending after an initially reported 0.6 percent March gain. The increase in income matched forecasts.
On an inflation-adjusted basis, spending rose just 0.2 percent in April after an upwardly revised 0.4 percent March increase.
The department's gauge for consumer inflation (search) — favored by policy-makers at the Federal Reserve (search) — rose a hefty 0.4 percent, but that was a bit less than in March, when it increased 0.5 percent.
Stripping out volatile food and energy costs, prices rose just 0.1 percent, the smallest increase since December and a slowdown from a 0.3 percent March advance.
The personal saving rate, the percentage of disposable income socked away by consumers, moved down to 0.4 percent, its lowest level since October 2001. | https://www.foxnews.com/story/consumer-spending-slows-in-april-incomes-up |
Jenkins’ decision to let the original storyteller live and breathe throughout If Beale Street Can Talk is a wise one.
Roger Ebert on James Ivory's "Howards End".
This was published on June 24th, 2001, and we are republishing it in honor of the film's 25th anniversary rerelease."Schindler's List" is described as a…
Chaz Ebert reveals her list of movies from 2018 to see before awards season 2019.
A wish list in honor of my birthday. #birthdaywishlist
A feature film by Scout Tafoya, celebrating five years of his video essay series, The Unloved.
A look back at Clint Eastwood's The 15:17 to Paris, as part of Scout Tafoya's video essay series on maligned masterpieces.
A Mexican correspondent writes on seeing Roma in Alfonso Cuaron's neighborhood.
The first episode of TNT's “I Am the Night” made its world premiere at AFI FEST on Friday afternoon at the Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood.
The staff choices for the best films of 2018.
An essay on grief, food, and loss in A Ghost Story and Certain Women, as excerpted from online magazine Bright Wall/Dark Room's December issue.
* This filmography is not intended to be a comprehensive list of this artist’s work. Instead it reflects the films this person has been involved with that have been reviewed on this site.
Rescuing "The Other Side of the Wind"; Why Elaine May is a National Treasure; In praise of "Bull"; A decade of Lady Gaga; Why Saying "Me Too" Isn't Enough.
Recent books by Alan Sepinwall and Brett Martin talk about the new “TV revolution,” but looking at the medium’s past is a reminder that revolutions are always cyclical.
Marie writes: Holy crap! THE KRAKEN IS REAL!" Humankind has been looking for the giant squid (Architeuthis) since we first started taking pictures underwater. But the elusive deep-sea predator could never be caught on film. Oceanographer and inventor Edith Widder shares the key insight - and the teamwork - that helped to capture the squid on camera for the first time, in the following clip taken from her recent TED talk." And to read more about the story, visit Researchers have captured the first-ever video footage of a live giant squid at i09.com
Marie writes: I have no words. Beyond the obvious, that is. And while I'm okay looking at photos, the video.... that was another story. I actually found myself turning away at times, the suspense too much to bear - despite knowing in advance that he's alive and well and there was nothing to worry about. The bottom of my stomach still fell out... | https://www.rogerebert.com/cast-and-crew/glenn-gordon-caron |
One of his most controversial films, THE SPARROW was written by Chahine in collaboration with avant-gardist Lofti el-Kholi. Set during the 1967 Six Day War between Israel and the United Arab Republic this story of familial and national divisions has become one of Chahine’s most popular films in festivals and retrospectives. A young policeman’s adoptive father occupies a high post in the force, while his biological father is reputed to have been a left-wing activist. Raouf begins to search for those who might have known his real father, while his half-brother, stationed on the Sinai front, prepares for battle.
The Sparrow (El ‘Osfour) was banned in May 1973, then received in December of the same year the country’s highest cultural award. More importantly, however, is that starting from The Sparrow (El ‘Osfour), Chahine departed from the conventional mainstream cinema of his time and developed his own individual style, hence emerging as a pioneer in this respect; instead of using a linear plot, he displayed a new liking for fragmented forms, discontinuous narratives, and random-seeming collages of disparate material such as flashbacks, actual events, associations and documentary sequences. The overall result of these shifts was the inception of a new phase in his films which was dedicated to experimentation and innovation. | https://worldscinema.org/2016/02/youssef-chahine-al-asfour-aka-the-sparrow-1972/ |
Copy and paste the following code to the R command line to create the bodymass variable. This might make no difference, but I'll mention just in case, the situation is complicated slightly by the fact that I probably will not want to plot the original data. Sign up using Email and Password.
Subscribe to R-bloggers to receive e-mails with the latest R posts. To plot the individual terms in a linear or generalised linear model ie, fit with lm or glm , use termplot. For example, it is common to have a multiple regression model with a single variable of interest and some control variables, and only present the first such plot.
David Marx David Marx 5,075 1 24 47. Linear fit equation The regression coefficients table shows the linear fit coefficients and confidence intervals for each predictor variable and the intercept. If you continue we assume that you consent to receive cookies on all websites from The Analysis Factor.
Next post: I would like to add a regression line that reflects the coefficient and intercept from the actual model instead of the simplified one. Using t he test To start the test: See our full R Tutorial Series and other blog posts regarding R programming.
The requirements of the test are: Runs of residuals above or below the zero line may indicate a non-linear relationship. | http://marioenik.com/in-pictures/how-to-plot-multiple-regression-lines.php |
Riding the Rails of Time: Disrupt Linear Time in Personal Essay
A personal essay generally has a timeline—the series of events as they unfold. You as the individual who lived those events are aware of what happened before and after. In this workshop, learn to use flashbacks to provide context, add poignancy by flashing forward to show what you did not know at the time but will someday understand, and hop across multiple timelines to show the connection between the personal and larger cultural narratives at play.
Registration dates: | https://hugohouse.org/product/riding-the-rails-of-time-disrupt-linear-time-in-personal-essay/ |
Many meetings, particularly in the context of team performance, visioning and business planning, benefit from a review of the past and/or a look to the future. Maybe in your meetings you have co-created some form of timeline, exploring and sharing together what happened from a specific point in time to present day on a large chart, or maybe you have developed a vision of the future and the steps needed to get there.
The timeline is a superb tool and, if you’ve not tried it, I recommend you visit the Timeline Tool (below) in my book ‘Meet with Impact’ where you can find an example, suggested process and many helpful tips to make it happen in your meetings.
Before choosing and designing a specific timeline tool, there may be a different way of looking at the mapping of a team journey, function or business whether it be in the past or the future, and that is to firstly focus on the type of story/narrative you wish to use. Here are four perspectives…
The Linear Story: Linear stories capture what happened in the order that it happened (“this, then this, then this…”). They are great for plotting the history of the team or business up to the present day and take into account the different and unique perspectives of the team. A linear story can be long or short, detailed or summarised, there’s no right or wrong answer. Additionally, using several “frames” or “lenses” to plot your story such as key people, significant events, products, business results and culture etc. can be very helpful to build a much fuller picture (you will notice that the timeline example above is split into Our Team, Our Function and Our Organisation).
The Non-Linear Story: Non-linear stories share a similar narrative to linear stories, in that the full history is covered, however the creation of the narrative is dynamic, rather like a movie thriller where one minute you are in present day and the next several years earlier. Non-linear stories are great for keeping your meeting participants engaged as the story develops. This requires careful facilitation to ensure the group follows the process effectively. You might choose to split your group into smaller sub-groups, with each focussing on a distinct part of the timeline, then coming together to view the wider narrative. Why not facilitate the whole by taking a non-linear approach?
The Quest Story: The quest story is all about the pursual of the big audacious goal, whatever that might be. Adventure stories such as Tintin encapsulate this approach. In this context the story is all about what happened, or needs to happen, in order to reach that ideal goal. Quest stories are also super for future planning and visioning by focussing the team on what needs to happen in order for the vision or big goal to be achieved. Rather like a set of explorers the team are the curators of their story and can tell it from their own perspective or from another’s, which leads us on to…
The Point of View Story: The Point of View (POV) story is seen and told through the eyes of someone different from the storyteller(s). For example, this could be through the eyes of a customer, a team in another part of the business, the boss, or any key stakeholder. The challenge (and opportunity) with this story is to place oneself in the shoes of the other person and tell that story from their perspective. The beauty of this approach is that it encouarages the team to think outside of their own narrative, which often leads to surprising insights.
In summary:
- Linear stories are great for telling and capturing stories of what has already happened.
- Non-linear stories are effective for telling and capturing the story, and doing it in a way that makes the process more engaging.
- Quest stories are powerful methods of explaining how the team either achieved a big goal or intends to reach a goal or vision of the future.
- Point of View stories are very useful for looking backwards or ahead, and encourage the team to see and tell the story through the eyes of another.
———
Content taken from ‘The Visual Meeting Coach’ LinkedIn newsletter by Tom Russell. To subscribe to Tom’s newsletters visit https://www.linkedin.com/in/thomasrussell/
About Tom …
Tom is a facilitator, graphic recorder and founder of Inky Thinking, a creative agency specialising in bespoke visual communication, enabling leaders and organisations to communicate effectively. Tom works with leaders and teams in global organisations to design and facilitate conferences, meetings and workshops. Inky Thinking are also a proud UK reseller of Neuland visual facilitation kit.
‘Meet with Impact – 40 visual tools for productive workshops and engaging meetings’ is published by Pearson Business. Available through the Inky Thinking shop (at a reduced price), Amazon, or your friendly local bookseller. | https://www.inkythinking.com/4-perspectives-on-visual-timeline-tools/ |
In this new play, Dale Olsen grows up as the adopted son of a sheltered Grass Valley family until, in 1951 he is drafted into the Army and embarks on a journey of self-discovery, while at home a mystery awaits. More…
"The Glen" follows Dale’s journey by way of present day action and flashbacks, from innocence to maturity, tracking his uncertain path as a private falsely accused of insubordination by an underhanded army major, through his affair with a possible spy in 1950s Berlin and back to his ultimate confrontation with his unforgiving mother and the secret she has hidden from him all his life. "The Glen" is dramatic and comic, an epic journey of memory, secrets, love, humor and self-discovery.
See it if Sequence of events work well with the "scattering" of times of the events Esp. good work by Matthew Dalton Lynch & Daniel Stompor. (ALSO)
Don't see it if Small theater(a plus too)ergo limited seating.One role needs more time to get the lines ( viewed very early) Lead had his stripe before ..
Also Stripe before the promotion........ Read more Read less
See it if you are interested in the tensions at play in the 1950's for orphans, gay men, the Korean conflict, financial struggles, well acted & staged
Don't see it if you are easily confused by many scenes in two acts that change time periods to tell the story. Editing and tightening would make this shine.
See it if you enjoy new work, time-jumping plots, family secrets, military experiences, gay coming of age tales, mother-son relationships,
Don't see it if expect full-scale production values, uncomfortable with gay story lines, non-linear plotting, frustrating military stories, naive hero
See it if Young man coming of age story.
Don't see it if Its 2 hr 20 minutes. Not fast paced.
Also At first I was little confusing for parts of the play is the past and ... Read more Read less
See it if You like family intrigues, this one is a whopper.
Don't see it if You’re looking for a quick fix of entertainment The Glen is a bit long.
See it if interested in coming of age story of a confused young man, his family & it's secrets, & time in army during Korean war years.
Don't see it if you don't like non linear story line, many short scenes sometimes confusing in time shifts. Slow moving.
Also Promising premise but needs tightening & editing.
See it if If you are in the mood for a show that is "fantastic" in the truest meaning of the word.
Don't see it if if you want a show where the writer demonstrates at least some familiarity with historical reality.
Also Only the protagonist's relationship with his adopted mother and his 2n... Read more Read less
See it if You want to see a play about a family and their son and his coming of age. You want to see some great acting performed in a small space.
Don't see it if You need an elaborate production. You are not interested in seeing a play about a family and their issues and the coming of age of the son.
See it if you'd like a story with not much story behind it. Gay man comes of age in small town and in army from 1920-50's.
Don't see it if you want a strong story. Play jumps between '20s and 50's. At first confusingly, it becomes distracting w/ too many short scenes.
See it if you enjoy coming of age stories you like intimate blackbox theater you like family stories and revelations of family secrets
Don't see it if you get confused by backstories and flashbacks
See it if You don't early drafts of a possibly interesting show. There is an interesting story to be told but it need much refinement and focus.
Don't see it if You want a fully developed play. The scenes occur in random order and the production values are near zero. Several actors were amateurish.
See it if You want to see individual actors playing multi rolls well
Don't see it if You’re impatient and don’t want to see a short story told in long version
See it if you enjoy a work in progress. THE GLEN needs a dramaturge to winnow down four acts and twenty-seven scenes. The story is worth it.
Don't see it if you expect a polished tale or if you prefer a director who is not the playwright.
See it if you would like to see a play that has potential. deals with gay issues in the military from way back. a bit long.
Don't see it if none of that interest you.
See it if Issues surrounding a man's quest for his background amid issues of sexual identity, family dysfunction and secrecy might pique your interest
Don't see it if If you have trouble following time sequences which go back and forth throughout. Can be confusing at times. But story is compelling
Also Very small venue with a simultaneously staged and loud play next door ... Read more Read less
See it if you want to feel the sadness of another.
Don't see it if you do not like to feel the pain of others.
See it if you want to see something early in development; if you don't mind a meandering script. The lead actor was legitimately good.
Don't see it if you're bothered by unnecessary time leaps, uneven writing & directing, or a play without a driving narrative.
See it if you enjoy epic complex dramas with shifting timelines and just enough intrigue.
Don't see it if you prefer big polished productions. This is a little show with a big cast that does a great job with a tough script.
Also If you're interested in this show for its gay theming, be aware that i... Read more Read less
See it if You like small cast, interesting character study piece dealing with adoption identity, sexual orientation, the military and family.
Don't see it if You want a straightforward storyline where actors don’t play multiple characters.
See it if You are interested in a naive boy discovering his sexuality for 2 1/2 hours with no surprises or drama
Don't see it if You want a fast paced linear plot with effective acting that builds to dramatic conclusion
See it if could have been done in one act - theme was self discovery but divided timelines were a bit too much
Don't see it if if you don't like small plays in a small space and where you can hear other shows going on around you during the performance
See it if you enjoy intelligently written drama.
Don't see it if you need an elaborate set to understand what is happening.
See it if you like shows about family relationships and coming of age stories.
Don't see it if you don’t like shows that are overly long with many scenes and a very slow plot development. .
See it if I loved this low-key show about a naive country boy trying prove himself in life. Great actors who made a show out of air!
Don't see it if Not into slow paced performances.
See it if You enjoy a look back at LGBT life in the 40s/50s.
Don't see it if You require a straight-line narrative. | https://www.show-score.com/off-broadway-shows/the-glen |
Located in downtown Chicago, this project uses James Joyce's Ulysses to interpret text and site simultaneously. It addresses the issue of literacy in prisons by hybridizing the Metropolitan Correctional Facility and the Harold Washington Public Library in the South Loop. The convergence of these two distinct programs is inspired by the novel’s narrative arc, the meeting of two diametric characters in Dublin in 1904.
Bridging the Correctional Facility and the library, the design combines an expansive floating plaza and new L station with a linear park and library annex for prisoners. Inmates and library-goers are exposed to each other through material transparency and visual connection, and in different ways, everyone is offered a new kind of intellectual "escape."
The architectural drawings are shaped by Joycean themes: simultaneous scales, multiple perspectives, grammatical subversion, and fragmented scenes. The forms and slippages in the book translate into spatial experiences, suggesting that architecture can be the product of fiction and that the modern urban condition can be constantly read and misread.
Site location and context: Chicago’s South Loop.
City and site analysis with collage/drawing hybrids.
Architecture expressed through multiple and fragmented perspectives, alluding to Joyce’s Cubist influences. | http://www.chicagodesignoffice.com/misreading-the-city-thesis |
When Jonathan Ames wrote You Were Never Really Here it seemed he intended it to be adapted for the big screen. The novella has an engaging story of a traumatized war veteran who earns a living tracking down missing girls, who willingly takes a job that escalates out of control. It is also a narrative that suits Lynne Ramsay’s cinematic style. The director’s films frequently involve children and the themes of grief, guilt and death, which all feature prominently in the novella. Unfortunately, however, Ramsay’s execution has resulted in a film that is overly fragmented and perplexing.
Ramsay’s use of vivid visuals worked well in We Need to Talk About Kevin. Vibrant flashback images shown of the atrocities committed by the title character are striking and memorable. The distinct image of Kevin (Ezra Miller) drawing an arrow and rapidly firing it from his bow I remember even to this day. The audience also sees the protagonist’s childhood and recent past in You Were Never Really Here. Recollections are made by Joe, played by Dante Pereira-Olson as a child, of the domestic violence he was subjected to. It provides background as to how adult Joe (Joaquin Phoenix) has become unfazed by brutality. There are also flashbacks displaying incidents that occurred whilst Joe was in the army and working for the FBI that add cause for his personality. Unfortunately, these appear a little too often which creates a confusing structure and it isn’t initially clear what these scenes are supposed to add.
Given what Phoenix’s character has suffered, his appearance in this film is justifiable though not entirely pleasant. His hair and beard are long and unkempt not to mention his overweight build which represents a man who does not take pride in himself and has somewhat low self-esteem. Even his yellow toenails seem to serve as an analogy of the filthy world Joe lives in. Phoenix’s performance is versatile, there is often humility displayed which strengthens his moments of violence and rage, but he also shows distress and the experience of regret well. However, at times it is not apparent to the audience why he acts the way he does particularly towards the ending of the film where his actions lose their captivating quality.
Ramsay often focuses on actions rather than dialogue and though it has been compelling for central characters in various films, it isn’t here. With the rest of the cast having minimal screen time it is difficult to become absorbed in the film. Some actors seem underused including Ekaterina Samsonov, who plays the missing Nina, and Judith Roberts as Joe’s mother who has a sincere relationship with her son which I would have liked to have seen more of. Even Alessandro Nivola who carved out interesting supporting performances in The Neon Demon and Ginger & Rosa is reduced to a speechless bit part.
Nuance, apart from crude action, becomes emphasized in Jonny Greenwood‘s score. It is a stark contrast to the lavishly eloquent music in Phantom Thread, which wonderfully complements the aesthetics of that film. Greenwood’s sounds do match the nature of You Were Never Really Here with a soundtrack that is offbeat and conveys a feeling of bewilderment. Even though Greenwood’s score complements the film’s tone, it is hard to become engaged in these pieces of music.
There is some initial intrigue into how the plot develops but because pacing is slow and it isn’t clear what intentions Ramsay had when making this film, our interest in the film gradually subsides over the film’s runtime. Unlike the bigger picture that forms by the end of We Need to Talk About Kevin, You Were Never Really Here is much too incoherent and never fully resolves elements of its plot by the film’s close (which is also baffling and arouses more questions than it gives answers).
Though I commend Ramsay for her frequent experimentation in non-linear storytelling, her work in You Were Never Really Here isn’t her best. Her use of vivid imagery has proven to be effective in previous films but experimentation gives way to overindulgence within You Were Never Really Here, resulting in an unnecessarily convoluted narrative. Ultimately, this effort presents itself as more of a collage than as a film which isn’t surprising given that Ramsay initially studied photography. Despite moments of excellent shot compositions- in particular during a scene that occurs underwater- and certain bursts of artistry, You Were Never Really Here evades any sense of meaning beyond the surface level that may be ascribed to the film. | https://cineccentric.com/2018/03/24/you-were-never-really-here/ |
Composer's Note:
Transformation can be sudden or slow, drastic or subtle, proactive or reactive. In music, the listener is often in the role of voyeur, witness to the transformation of sonic materials defined by the beginning and ending of a performance. We can experience such a transformation over an uninterrupted period of time, like a film that shows a seedling sprout, grow, flower, wither, and die. We witness everything, even our constantly changing environment, in a linear progression through time.
But another possibility involves transformation “out of time” or out of the range of the voyeur’s perception. Our experience of the transformation is fragmented, akin to viewing a series of snapshots or film clips of a life from birth to death, perhaps even in a non- linear progression, leaving us to imagine the events in between. In Shape Shifting, the ensemble's individual and collective musical gestures are often subject to transformation, and how they react to changes in the sonic environment often influences the process of transformation itself. One approach to Shape Shifting is as a series of scenes--sped-up, slowed-down, or even stills--that document and provide us with different perspectives on the state of transformation, which we can ultimately only measure at the end of the process itself.
A Kyma system with 4x4 audio interface, four microphones, and stereo or multichannel playback are required, in addition to the Kyma Timeline (.ktl file)
4 variable instrument/performers, with live electronics. | https://composers.com/composers/scott-l-miller/jardins-mecaniques |
THE OWNER of a cat found with a broken pelvis is being urged to contact the vets who have been nursing her back to health.
Sally Cinnamon was rushed to Townsend Veterinary Practice, on the Birmingham Road, after she was found in Catshill on December 13 by a member of the public.
Staff have now set out on a mission to reunite the moggy with her owner.
After days of intensive care Sally began to show signs of improvement but when she started to find her feet again it became apparent she had also suffered nerve damage to her front leg.
Staff are now waiting to find out if she will regain function in her paralysed leg or whether it will need to be amputated.
Vet Jo said: “The movement in her paralysed leg is gradually improving whilst it may never quite be normal, we hope it will be at least functional.
“If you have information where Sally came from we would greatly appreciate it.
“Please do not worry that there is an outstanding vets bill, we have funded the cost of her treatment ourselves.”
Jo added if they cannot find her owner Sally was now well enough to be re-homed and encouraged anyone who felt they could help her continue on her road to recovery to contact them.
“We would like to take this opportunity to highlight the importance of microchipping your pet it is the only way we can reunite lost or injured animals with their owners,” she said.
“Sally is a lovely cat and was clearly loved by someone once.”
Sally’s owner or anyone with any information on her owner are urged to call 01527 831616 so they can be reunited with their pet. | http://bromsgrovestandard.co.uk/news/vet-hoping-to-reunite-cat-hit-by-a-car-in-catshill-with-her-owner-3509/ |
Highland sheriff’s officials are looking for the owner of an iPad and concert tickets that were recently stolen from a vehicle.
The stolen items were located after Alicia Taylor, 34, of San Bernardino, was taken into custody Thursday, Sept. 7, in connection with an attempted theft in the 2500 block of Argyle Street, according to a San Bernardino County sheriff’s news release.
Highland station deputies responded to a report of possible theft at 7 p.m. Thursday. Taylor was detained by the victim until officials arrived, the release states.
While searching through the items in Taylor’s possession, officials said they found an iPad mini and two concert tickets that Taylor said she took from a white vehicle parked in the 2500 block of Walker Street.
Authorities ask that anyone who thinks the items may be theirs or who may have information about the case to contact Deputy M. Kassis at 909-425-9793. Those who wish to remain anonymous can leave tips at 1-800-78CRIME (27436) or visit www.wetip.com. | https://www.pe.com/2017/09/08/missing-an-ipad-and-concert-tickets-then-highland-sheriffs-deputies-want-to-talk-to-you/ |
According to statistics from the Milwaukee Area Domestic Animal Control Commission, nearly three quarters of cats turned in or picked up last year were euthanized. Though some of those cats were likely sickly, some were likely not house-broken, trained or friendly.
These are not just lost pets. Many of these animals were the result of owners not spaying or neutering their pets. In other cases, owners may not want their pets anymore, so they leave them to fend for themselves outdoors.
This is enough to break the heart of any animal lover. If you're someone like Susan Libecki, it's powerful enough to make you take action. She committed herself to combat the overpopulation of animals and bring down euthanasia numbers.
Libecki co-owns the non-profit Second Hand Purrs, located just south of Bay View, with fellow cat lovers Sandra Gapinski and Jane Szulczewski. The shelter is a no-kill organization, and owners do everything they can to give these regal creatures a chance at survival, not to mention a loving home.
Prepping cats for adoption
The shelter houses about 20 to 24 cats and 10 to 40 kittens at a time. Libecki and her staff of volunteers keep a strict cleaning and sanitizing regimen, so cats can remain as happy and healthy as possible.
"I need a lot of people to help keep the place clean," she said. "Every cage that you see out there was stripped, sanitized, fresh food and water in the bowls, all the bedding was washed, the walls were scrubbed down … that's on a daily basis."
While the staff is cleaning, it likes to let the cats get out of their cages and move around. The shelter has a special nursery for kittens, so they can climb and play.
"The only cats that don't get out are the cats in quarantine," Libecki said. "It (quarantine) lasts two weeks and is mandatory for (new cats), regardless of where they come from.
"They go to the vet immediately and get a test for feline leukemia, one of the main killers for cats … Then they come back to us, we process them, fleabag them, check them for ear mites, get them de-wormed on a regular basis. If they are of age, and not already, they are spayed or neutered."
Cats also are immunized for rabies and distemper.
Finding good homes
Adopting a cat is simple, though the staff does have to make sure cats are getting good homes. The process starts with filling out an application.
Staff then checks the national abuse Web site and vet records to make sure the would-be owner has no history of endangering animals. Next, staff sets up an in-home delivery date following a short waiting period.
"If they fill out an application on Thursday, we might promise to call them back on Monday," Libecki said. "If they can't wait that long, then this is not the animal for them. Impulse buying creates so many animals … because you get it, take it home and realize 'I didn't know it would be like this.' "
Libecki and her volunteers prioritize acclimating the pets to their new environments.
"We do home deliveries only, where we go to everybody's house," she said. "Even if we have 15 adoptions in a week, I'm going to every single one of those houses. … If it's a special needs cat that is either diabetic or elderly or in need of special medication, it's easier for us to go and transition people."
Libecki said the screening process is necessary because the shelter will not permit an adoption if staff feels it is not in the best interest of the animal.
If, for any reason, a new owner cannot keep the cat, he or she may return it to Second Hand Purrs with no questions asked, and another cat can be selected if the owner is interested in giving it another try.
Spaying, neutering a priority
The shelter staff is working hard to spread that it exists and that it needs volunteers to help with the cats and educate the public on the importance of spaying and neutering.
"There should be spay and neuter laws," Libecki said. "I'm trying to work with vets to try and implement that."
Some people avoid spaying or neutering, saying it is not natural or noting they keep their cats indoors. But cats can often sneak out.
"People also don't realize that when she goes into heat, her chances for ovarian cancer skyrocket," Libecki said. "Isn't it much easier to just spay her than treat the cancer?"
Controlling the cat population would seem a good idea as Second Hand Purrs has a waiting list to accept cats that extends more than a year.
With so many animals to care for and so much work to be done, Second Hand Purrs is always looking for volunteers. The shelter's proximity to Bay View and St. Francis means it gets a lot of volunteers from those communities, though anyone in the South Shore is welcome to help.
Libecki tells people it's not always fun cleaning the shelter, which is what they need the most help with, but doing so is important for the cats' health and well-being. She tries to provide a balance and also gives volunteers time to work one-on-one with cats to prepare them for adoption.
"We have some great volunteers," she said. "If I could clone everyone I have now, we'd be great!"
Dan Cowan wants to stick his nose in your business. Contact him with tips for his Strictly Business column by e-mailing him at [email protected].
At a glance
WHAT: Second Hand Purrs
WHERE: 4300 S. Howell Ave.,
Milwaukee
WHEN: 6 to 9 p.m. Thursdays and
10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturdays
CONTACT: (414) 727-PURR or
ONLINE: secondhandpurrs.org
GET INVOLVED: Second Hand Purrs is always looking for volunteers and animal sponsors and accepts tax-deductible donations. | http://www.bayviewnow.com/news/cninews/38895014.html |
Talking about death is typically uncomfortable, which may be why putting together an estate plan is often avoided in Texas and elsewhere. However, because death cannot be avoided, estate planning is an essential to-do-list item. When creating an estate plan, it is important not only to include family members such as children as beneficiaries but also to explain what should happen to a favorite pet in the event of one’s passing away.
A pet owner can easily add language in an estate plan to arrange ongoing care after the owner dies. If this language does not exist, the court will simply view the pet as personal property. Therefore, it may end up going to unintended family members in the same way that other personal possessions, such as automobiles, would go to them.
In some cases, it may be beneficial to set up a pet trust, which provides for a pet’s ongoing care and custodial costs. Along with such a trust, it may be helpful to put together what is called a letter of final wishes. This letter can pinpoint who will care for the pet after the pet owner dies, as well as the pet’s veterinarian contact information and information about medications and diet.
Estate planning in Texas can seem like a laborious task. This is especially true for those with a large number of assets that have to be addressed. An attorney can offer assistance with drafting a detailed estate plan that fully considers the estate owner’s wishes when it comes to taking care of his or her family members, perhaps even including man’s best friend. | https://www.scslawyer.com/blog/2017/04/estate-planning-important-for-pets-too/ |
You might be wondering about that house or condo you’ve left in your will. Often, after a homeowner passes on, the real property is sold from the estate to pay off debts. But maybe you have a relative who would like to have and keep your home.
For the sake of exploring the question, say you still owe a $50,000 mortgage balance when you pass on. Of course, you could leave your beneficiary enough money to pay your loan off, if you are financially able to do so. Or you could pay it off early yourself.
But if you need to pass the home on with a mortgage, can your beneficiary just keep your house or condo, and pick up the monthly mortgage payments where you left off? At least the next owner would have a head start — inheriting your home equity, and just paying what’s left on the balance.
Let’s look at how this plan could play out.
Your Relative May Take Over Your Mortgage When You Pass On
Under a federal provision called the Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Regulation Act a lender cannot accelerate the due date of the mortgage when:
- A joint tenant (including a tenant by the entirety or co-owner of community property) survives you and, by law, receives the title to your co-owned house.
- You bequeath your home to a relative who is living in the home when you pass.
- You leave the house to your surviving spouse.
- You leave the house to the child of your divorced co-owner.
- You have placed the title into a living trust. (Tip: Be sure your mortgage company holds a copy of the trust instrument.)
In these cases, your beneficiary can receive the home with the mortgage intact. You can explain this in your will, and keep the mortgage information in an accessible spot with your real estate paperwork. Your beneficiary — the person who inherits the mortgaged home — should tell the mortgage company about the deed transfer, and should start paying where you left off. Your beneficiary should be prepared to contact your mortgage servicer promptly at the time of your passing, so your mortgage company knows it cannot accelerate repayment.
☛ Want to learn more about what happens to your home loan after you pass away? Here, we discuss more on what happens when your mortgage outlives you.
The Mortgage Is Paid by the Personal Representative Until the Title Is Passed to a New Owner
What if your title is vested as sole property, or co-owned as tenants in common (no survivorship rights)? Expect your house to go into probate. It will be sold out of probate (if required to pay your debts) or be distributed to your beneficiary by a deed from the probate court. Until the house is conveyed out of probate to a new owner, the estate’s personal representative will carry on paying the mortgage.
When your relative inherits your home, that person might opt to sell it from the estate and use the sale proceeds to buy a home they would prefer. Because inherited homes can receive preferential tax treatment, beneficiaries should consider consulting with their tax experts before selling.
If the person you name as inheriting your house does want to keep it, that person may be one of the eligible people (see the bulleted list above) to take over your mortgage without having to qualify as a new borrower. This is an important provision. As you might imagine, lenders have been especially unwilling to let new owners keep mortgages that had interest rates lower than the going rates.
In ordinary transactions, transferring a home with a mortgage to a new owner triggers a “due on sale” or acceleration clause in the loan agreement, so that the entire balance of the loan becomes due and the new owner has to start over by applying for a new loan. That means they must prove their ability to pay for a mortgage under the lender’s guidelines. Your beneficiary might be out of work or otherwise not in a position to deal with a new mortgage application process. Fortunately, federal law steps in to ensure that’s not necessary.
Your Beneficiary Will Not Be Forced to Meet the Ability-to-Repay Rule
What are the advantages for a beneficiary who takes over a mortgage without having to qualify as a new borrower? The surviving beneficiary is relieved of the task of demonstrating the “ability to repay” the loan.
Under federal law:
- The new homeowner automatically qualifies to keep the deceased homeowner’s mortgage loan.
- The new owner is entitled to request information about the mortgage, pay off the principal, or request a loan modification.
- The lender must work with the new owner to modify the loan as needed.
- Before taxes are due, the mortgage company must send the home’s new owner an IRS Form 1098. The new homeowner can deduct mortgage interest.
Once probate is taken care of, the beneficiary can remove the name of the deceased from the house title. When the mortgage is in the new owner’s name, it will be possible to refinance when desired.
The Person Receiving Your Home Will Be Treated as Your Successor in Interest
After the above protective law went into effect, some mortgage servicers still put hoops up for people who inherited mortgages to jump through. So, a newer federal provision directs mortgage companies to promptly contact heirs and consider them “successors in interest” to the loan.
The mortgage company must allow successors in interest enough time to put their names on the mortgage and request loan modifications. Otherwise, relatives could inherit homes yet have no support from the lender if the current monthly payments are overwhelming. People in such circumstances can be forced to sell their family homes, then satisfy the mortgage lender with the proceeds of the sale. The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection thought this was a harsh result, and produced regulations to avert it.
Owners themselves may prevent legal stress over inherited mortgages. Some owners protect their spouses or other joint owners by paying off the mortgage as soon as possible. Other owners might decide to shop for mortgage life insurance policies that pay off the loan when they pass away. It’s important to note that mortgage life insurance policies are worth less as you make payments over the years, and the mortgage balance gradually goes down.
In Some States, You Can Transfer Your Home—And Its Mortgage—With a Transfer-on-Death Deed
A transfer-on-death deed (also called a beneficiary deed) is allowed for passing on homes after death in some states. If you decide to transfer your home in this way, your beneficiary will get not only the title to your home, but also any loans tied to the home.
We recommend consulting with a lawyer who has dealt with estates and trusts if decide to pass your home along by using any type of special deed or trust. But even if you simply pass your home with a will, know that a relative will be able to receive your mortgaged house without being forced to qualify for a new mortgage.
Supporting References
12 U.S. Code § 1701j–3 – Preemption of Due-on-Sale Prohibitions
12 C.F.R. § 1024, 1026; 81 F.R. § 72,160 – 72,165. See also Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, 12 CFR Part 1026 Application of Regulation Z’s Ability-to-Repay Rule to Certain Situations Involving Successors-in-Interest. Available as PDF: https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201407_cfpb_bulletin_mortgage-lending-rules_successors.pdf
Photo credits: Andrea Piacquadio, via Pexels. | https://www.deeds.com/articles/after-youre-gone-does-your-mortgage-live-on/ |
A dog named Jake got lost on July 13 in Philadelphia. His owners, Vickie and Mark Remolde, began looking for him immediately. Meanwhile, a good Samaritan had found Jake running loose and taken him to the Animal Care and Control Team (ACCT) so that his owners could find him. It didn’t work out so well:
[Chris Ferraro] says he took the dog to ACCT and filed a report with the shelter and provided his contact information. That’s when he says another man in the lobby approached workers about taking care of the dog until the owners came forward.
ACCT staff gave Jake to Man in Lobby. When the Remoldes came to the pound looking for their lost pet, they didn’t find him. Because staff had given him to Man in Lobby. Who then disappeared.
“It was a complete and total joke,” Ferraro said. “As a dog owner myself, it gives me great concern that God forbid if I ever lost my dog, it’d just be given to some random person off the street.”
Vickie Remolde says she asked ACCT to send someone to the address provided by Man in Lobby but when they did, it was Some Other Guy who lived there so shrug.
ACCT issued this statement regarding Jake:
“The dog that we believe to be Jake was never relinquished into ACCT Philly’s care. An individual who found a dog that matched Jake’s description brought the dog to ACCT Philly on July 13th, but before filing a lost report, passed the dog to another person, and left. We do not know why the original finder chose to do this, and we do not condone this kind of interaction between members of the public, but do not have the authority to restrict it. The second individual, who now has the dog that matches Jake’s description, provided identification and completed a found animal report, which is in line with ACCT Philly policy and procedure.
When an owner that matched the description and circumstances of the dog on this report came forward, ACCT Philly reached out to the individual who filed the lost report in order to reunite the family. Attempts at contact over the phone and in person have proven unsuccessful, but we are continuing to do everything in our power to reunite Jake and his family.
48 hour stray holds begin when a dog is taken into our facility. We do not have ownership of animals that have not been formally relinquished into our care and are unable to seize or force them to be turned over.”
Basically: We know nothing of this, how you say, doog and even if we did, nothing is our fault and that good Samaritan sucks so hard, amirite?
That explanation went over like a rock tied to a bigger rock and the owners began investigating the circumstances of Jake’s disappearance themselves. They connected with Mr. Ferraro and got some additional details:
Ferraro said he was giving his information to a woman at the [ACCT] counter when another man walked in and asked if Jake was his dog.
When Ferraro said no, the other man asked if he could have Jake.
“No,” Ferraro replied. “He’s someone else’s dog.”
At this point, Ferraro said an ACCT kennel attendant came over and told the second man that if he wanted to have the dog, he could. Ferraro said he protested.
The attendant said the second man could have Jake as long as the owner had a chance to reclaim him.
The second man’s information was taken by ACCT and he was allowed to leave with Jake.
None of this was related to Mark less than 48 hours later, when he arrived at ACCT. [emphasis added]
Oh snap.
The Remoldes did not give up. They returned again and again to ACCT, demanding accountability and the return of their pet. When it was determined that Man in Lobby had given a phony address, they worried that Jake had been taken for nefarious purposes. They asked ACCT to show them video footage of Man in Lobby, hoping for an additional clue. ACCT refused. The owners got a lawyer.
Suddenly, magically even, Man in Lobby produced Jake and the Remoldes got him back. He’d lost a considerable amount of weight, had a red rash on his neck and his tail was burned “black, like charcoal.” No longer his playful self, Jake is now reportedly fearful. The owners spent $175 at the vet getting their pet fixed up.
ACCT waived its usual fees for Jake, the dog they tried to claim they didn’t really know, because they’re cool like that. But that public, soooo irresponsible:
[ACCT executive director Vincent] Medley said that if Ferraro was uncomfortable with the proceedings, which Ferraro protested, he should have asked for a supervisor.
I assume the good Sam was drunk at the time and wearing a slutty short skirt. You stay classy, ACCT.
Kinda makes you wonder why Man in Lobby types would feel comfortable hanging out at ACCT, scoping out dogs and why ACCT would pass them dogs so casually, then lie about it and hide evidence.
No mention of any criminal charges for anyone.
I also wonder how many other lost pets ACCT gave to Man in Lobby types. Pets whose owners couldn’t afford a lawyer or didn’t realize they needed one. Pets whose tails may have been burned and then whatever else happens when there is no owner going on TV and raising holy hell, fighting for the return of their pet.
No mention of any criminal charges for anyone? | https://yesbiscuit.com/2016/08/10/philly-acct-gives-lost-pet-away-tries-to-blame-finder/ |
Thousands of dogs go missing each year in the UK. For the owners, it's often an incredibly worrying time as they search desperately for their lost canine companion. Fortunately, many of these pups are reunited with their owner's thanks to the help of a member of the public.
But would you know what to do if you found a lost dog? Read on to find out.
Why do dogs get lost?
Dogs can get lost for many reasons. Despite most owners doing everything to keep their dog happy, healthy and safe, sometimes a dog can get confused, distracted or fearful and run off. Alternatively, it can just be that the dog has got bored and managed to find a way of escaping. While dog theft is responsible for some dogs going missing, there are several other reasons why a dog may run away and get lost, for example:
- Separation anxiety
- Fear
- Unfamiliar surroundings
- Bored
- Mating instinct
- Hunting instinct
What do I do with a dog I've found?
A lost dog will likely be feeling frightened, confused and overwhelmed by its surroundings. If the dog is a stray, it will likely be wary of humans and even scared.
Approach with caution
If you come across a dog on its own, be sure to approach it with caution. Be careful not to frighten it and that your body language puts it at ease. Using a soft, gentle voice, talk to it soothingly, so it realises you are not a threat. After all, you don't want it to run off, especially if it is near traffic. If the dog behaves aggressively don't approach it and get assistance.
Check if it is a stray
Not every dog found wandering around is a stray. Check if it has a collar with the owner's contact information and call them immediately to let them know that their dog is safe. If the dog isn't wearing a collar, have a quick look around to see if it's fallen off.
Contact the local council
While you might be tempted to keep the dog, it is against the law. Failure to report a found dog could lead to you being accused of theft. The dog may not be a stray and belong to someone. Therefore, you must contact your local authority immediately to report a found dog. They will arrange for a dog warden to come and collect the dog from you.
What does the law say if I've found a dog?
You cannot keep a stray dog by law. If you want to adopt the dog, you should pass on your interest and contact details to the dog warden. Remember, there could be a loving owner desperately searching for their beloved missing pup, and if the dog has a microchip, then reuniting them should be fairly quick and easy.
Why is it not advisable to look after the dog in my own home?
It is a legal requirement to report a found dog to your local council. If you don't, you could find yourself being accused of theft. By taking the dog into your own home, you could also delay it being reunited with its rightful owner as the description you give of the dog may not match the information provided by the owner.
Furthermore, the dog is likely to have a microchip that can only be scanned by a vet, dog warden or local authority kennel. You also don't know the background of the dog, its health, medical history, and behaviour. You could end up putting the safety of your other pets or younger members of the household at risk.
There's always a risk that by looking after the dog in your home, you could become emotionally attached to it making handing the dog back to its owner a traumatic experience.
What if I've found a dog with a microchip?
Even if the dog doesn't have a collar and tag with information about who it belongs to, there's a good chance it will be microchipped. Since 6 April 2016, all dogs must have been microchipped. Once the dog warden has collected the dog from you, they will use a scanner to see if it has a microchip. They will then contact the dog's owner and let them know that their dog has been picked up.
What do I do if I find a stray dog?
If you have found a dog, there are some simple steps to remember:
- Check to see if the dog has a collar and identification tag with the owner's details.
- Contact the owner immediately and arrange for the dog to be collected.
- If there's no contact information on the dog, then call your local council to report a found dog.
- Hand the dog over to the dog warden when they come to collect it.
Can you keep a dog you've found?
Even if you want to adopt the dog and believe that it's a stray and doesn't have an owner, you must still report a found dog to your local dog warden. The dog warden can give your details to the kennels that are looking after the dog, and if they don't find the dog's owner and feel that you are suitable to adopt, you can go through the normal adoption process to take ownership of the dog.
How long until a found dog is yours?
If no owners come forward to claim a dog after seven days, the local authority will then ask local animal charities to rehome the dog. If you have declared an interest in adopting the dog you found, then the animal charity taking on the dog's care will consider your suitability to adopt it.
Discovering that their beloved canine companion has gone missing is most dog owners' worst fear. But by knowing what to do if you find a dog on its own, a lost dog can be back safe and sound with its owner in next to no time. | https://wamiz.co.uk/dog/advice/36415/what-should-i-do-if-ive-found-a-dog |
Who is Responsible When a Cloud Security Data Breach Occurs?
The cloud makes access simple and enables forward-thinking approaches such as remote working. Yet this accessibility may leave the cloud vulnerable to data security breaches.
A study from early 2019 revealed that 72% of enterprises using cloud-based software were the targets of security threats. 40% of respondents admitted that at least one account connected with them had been compromised. These occurrences had taken place over the previous six months.
So when such cyber security breaches occur, who is responsible?
In this article, we’ll discuss data breach liability and explore data breach consequences. We’ll also explain how to prevent security breaches in cloud infrastructures.
Who does a cloud security data breach affect?
Generally, there are three parties involved in the use of the cloud:
- The cloud service provider
- The business utilising their service
- The customers of that business
In the event of a data breach, those involved may be broken down into:
- The data controller or owner
- The data holder
- The data subject
Usually, the data controller or owner is the business using the cloud, the holder is the cloud service and the subject is the customer.
Yet a breach may also result in the compromising of sensitive data relating to the organisation itself. This might include intellectual property or trade secrets. This would place the organisation in the role of data subject.
Often, the data owner is held liable for cloud security data breaches. However, depending on the circumstances and the evidence available, the data holder (the cloud service) may be considered responsible instead.
To avoid a breach, data owners should carefully vet cloud services before choosing to store data with them. They must also ensure that their own GDPR policies and procedures are watertight.
How might a cloud service data breach occur?
The term “data breach” refers to an unauthorized individual gaining access to sensitive personal information and data stored on the cloud. This may occur under many different circumstances, including:
- Negligence (such as leaving an account logged in in a public area – made more likely by ease of remote access via the cloud)
- The abuse of insecure APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) by hackers
- Indiscriminately sharing files, passwords and other security details (management cannot easily track the sharing information on a cloud-based platform)
- Human errors made by cloud engineers, reducing the security of files or exposing data
In the event of a breach, who may be held responsible?
The storage and sharing of data is regulated by the ICO (Information Commissioner’s Office). It must follow GDPR legislation (General Data Protection Regulation).
Under GDPR, the data owner or controller must follow data protection legislation. They should also undertake risk assessments. They must ensure that the location in which they store data is secure and has suitable privacy measures. They are often required to vet data holders and processors, checking that there is no chance of a breach.
Data owners are held responsible for data security. For this reason, they are usually considered liable for breaches. Of course, the data owner may be able to argue that they did everything required of them to ensure the security of the data. They may also be able to provide clear evidence of negligence on the side of another party.
There may be proof that the data holder had compromised its own security by implementing a faulty update. A third party may prove to be liable – for example, the engineer whose tinkering left data exposed.
If a data owner took all necessary steps to prevent a breach and a hacker was still able to access their data, they may not be considered liable. This is rare though. When it comes to cloud computing security breaches, most examples reveal that those storing data in the cloud are the most at-risk.
Usually, investigators rule the data owner to be at fault even if the data holder failed to provide adequate security.
How can I avoid cloud security breaches?
Most companies now have data security policies and procedures in place. The mistake many make is that these approaches do not extend to the cloud.
Many organisations vet the security of partners, suppliers, contractors and other third parties. It is vital to take this approach with cloud services as well, and hire IT security professionals to put extra measures in place.
Passwords must be strong and you should ensure that you change them regularly. Where possible, there should be many secure barriers between the user and sensitive data.
Many companies avoid using the cloud despite its obvious benefits. They do so through concern about the perceived risks involved. With proper security and a diligent, informed approach, though, these risks could be heavily reduced.
What are the consequences of a cloud security data breach?
If your company is found to be liable for a breach of personal data, you may face significant penalties.
These may extend to €10 million or 2% of your organisation’s annual turnover for minor breaches – whichever is higher. For major breaches, you may be expected to pay €20 million or 4% of your turnover.
For this reason, it’s important to seek proper legal representation as soon as you learn of a breach. Your advisers will help you to collect information and report the breach to the ICO within the 72 hours required by law.
They will also help you to build a strong defence and argue that the negligence was on the part of the data holder, not your company. They may also be able to commute your penalty to a lesser one by proving that you made every effort to prevent a breach.
The solicitors at DPP GDPR understand the management of cloud data security breaches. We’ll provide data breach legislation advice and help you to understand your responsibilities and protect your data. Contact us today on 0333 200 5859. | https://www.dpp-gdpr.com/news/cloud-security-data-breach/ |
Use the map below to find an overwintering site by zooming in to areas you are interested in visiting. You can click each site to get some basic information such as the site name, lat/long, the last time the site was monitored, how many monarchs were counted, etc.
If you would like additional information about a site, contact [email protected] and we can provide a site-specific report. Do you know about a site that’s not included on the map? Let us know–this is a living map and we try to update it annually with new reports. Also, please note that we have not included known a handful of sensitive overwintering locations on this map due to concerns by the landowner. Please contact [email protected] if you are interested in a site you cannot find on the map.
1) Open access: These sites are generally open to the public and do not need permission to visit. However, some of these sites (such as those located on State Park lands or in botanic gardens) require day-use fees or entrance fees. You are responsible for having the appropriate recreation pass or paying the day use fee to count this site.
2) Private – permission needed to access site: These sites are usually private homes or golf course sites and surveys must be coordinated with the owner or manager of the property. Xerces staff or your regional coordinator may be able to provide information and contacts necessary to facilitate this access. Do not trepass!
3) Unknown access – might be private: This category includes many historic sites that have not been monitored in recent years. These can be great sites for small groups to adopt and investigate! Often, the location of this site is not well defined and we do not know if the site still exists, hosts monarchs, and/or who the property owner is. For these types of sites, we need a special kind of volunteer. Monitoring these sites means taking on an additional challenge – you may need to survey a large area based on vague location descriptions and report back on your findings. Monitors for these sites will work closely with Xerces or your regional coordinator to document and monitor potential overwintering areas. | https://www.westernmonarchcount.org/find-an-overwintering-site-near-you/ |
The Snatch can be one of the most frustrating lifts. If you haven’t spent a ton of time hammering technique you may have found that you might not miss a single lift one day and miss everything the next. Consistency is key when it comes to the Olympic lifts. Here are a few exercises that can improve technique and consistency in the Snatch.
Overhead Squat
Helps if: you lack overhead strength, you’re uncomfortable under heavy weight.
Unrack the weight as you would a back squat and move the hands to the same width as you would use for the Snatch. Push press the weight up and make sure the elbows are locked and pointing to the sides. The wrists should be extended position (think about a waiter holding a tray). As you squat continue to “press up” on the bar to remain in a stable position. Return to a standing position.
Snatch Balance:
Helps if: you’re slow under the bar, have balance issues in the catch position, you’re uncomfortable under heavy weight.
Unrack the weight as you would a back squat and move the hands to the same width as you would use for the Snatch. Perform a dip and drive (as you would in a Jerk) while simultaneously pushing yourself under the weight as fast as possible. When pushing under the bar be sure to lock the elbows out and continue to press up against the bar. If the weight is light, ride the weight down into a full squat position. Return to a standing position.
Snatch High Pull
Helps if: you “loop” the bar around the body instead of keeping it close.
Set up in a Snatch position with the bar on the ground (or blocks). Perform a normal Snatch pull. When the body is in a fully extended position pull the elbows high and to the sides while keeping the bar close into the body. The bar should come to about chest height at the top of the pull. For this exercise to be effective it is imperative that the bar stays close to the body through the entire lift. Allowing the bar to travel outside the base of support can reinforce bad habits.
Toes Off Snatch
Helps if: you consistently jump forward as you catch, you don’t push through the heels during the pull.
For this exercise you need board anywhere up to an ~1″ in height and wide and long enough to safely Snatch on. Set up as you would a normal Snatch, but place your toes off the edge of the board (see Figure 1) and perform the lift. Because your toes are off the board it will force you to push through your heels and stay balanced in the appropriate positions. This exercise can help those that have the tendency to transition to the forefoot too early as well as those who push the hips and bar out in front of the feet during the pull (which will typically cause an athlete to jump forward). If you hop forward during this exercise, there’s no way you’re making the lift. You may actually find yourself moving the feet backwards as you land during this exercise.
Figure 1
Rearward displacement in the drop-under phase in the snatch is not detrimental to performance and actually seems to be a preferred technique in US national-level lifters. In addition to evidence that rearward displacement is exhibited in elite lifters and is coached globally, it seems this is the preferred technique in international competitions. This technique may be considered a viable variation of the snatch by coaches and athletes of all levels. (1)
It is important to note that you do not have to “jump backward” to be successful in the lift. The feet should ideally land a little wider than your pull stance or a little wider with a slight rearward displacement. This “jump backwards” should not happen actively, meaning jumping backwards on purpose or for the sake of jumping backwards will not help. Actively jumping backwards can have a negative impact on the lift. This rearward displacement should come naturally as a product of a proper pull.
These exercises aren’t a one-time fix or a solution to every technique flaw. With everything, perfect repetition over the course of many sessions is important. Also, these are not the end-all be-all to Snatch improvement, though I have found these, specifically, to be very effective in improving the common errors found in the Snatch lift. There are many other successful drills and lifts to improve technique – one being the Snatch itself. It has been said that if you want to be good at something do more of that something… If you want to get better at playing the piano, play more often. If you want to get better at Snatching, Snatch more often.
Reference: | https://www.athleticlab.com/4-exercises-improve-snatch-technique/ |
One reason for this is the next level in drawing a handgun: drawing to the target. The shooter learns to draw the gun and get it on target without fully facing the target directly WHILE moving. Unfortunately, most shooting ranges do not allow this sort of draw for safety and liability purposes. The reason to do this is to decrease the time from recognition to the shot. There are generally three stages of initiative: behind, equal and ahead. If the bad guy has the initiative, it means that a bullet will be coming in your direction in a very short time. By moving first, we're able to disrupt the bad guy's little plan for us. The movement disrupts the bad guy's aim (provides a defense against the attack) and forces the bad guy to reassess the situation. The bad guy's reaction to our action is called "Getting inside his OODA Loop". All this means is that we're acting while the bad guy is making a decision–we take advantage of that momentary pause to get out of the way and counterattack. If we're stuck with leaning forward as part of the draw, our movement options may be more limited. This doesn't mean leaning forward is bad; we just need to be flexible in our response.
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Leaning forward is not needed, though being in the “ready” position can be an advantage. Relying upon a physical stance to achieve a proper grip could lead to a bad draw. What does one do when it’s not possible to lean forward for some reason? What if doing so will tell the bad guy something is about to happen? Another reason to avoid this technique is “Drawing by the numbers”. This is where there are distinct steps during the draw. This looks like: 1) clear garment and slight a pause, 2) lean forward and pause, 3) achieve grip and pause and so forth. Finally, most paddle holsters are adjustable for cant. I prefer my techniques to be as generic as possible; they should be flexible and efficient.
The shooter should learn, through repetition, what a proper grip feels like. It is not difficult to do. This should be part of weekly dry fire practice. My practice regimen includes ten draws that take at least ten seconds each. I then slowly increase speed until I am pushing my limits. Also, repeat each motion backwards to the holster very slowly (there is no need to practice quickly reholstering a gun) so you get a second repetition for each draw. If the shooter does not practice his or her draw, then there will be a tendency to incorrectly draw the handgun with speed.
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I would suggest that the best way to safely learn to draw quickly and from different positions would be to join and participate in International Defensive Pistol Association (IDPA) tournaments. Go to http://www.idpa.com. | https://www.thetruthaboutguns.com/paddle-holster-get-a-grip-heres-how/ |
Squats are great to develop lower body strength and mass, but at the same time it is one of the most difficult exercises to perform with proper form. For that reason, it is important to practice a lot with little to no weight before you gradually add weight to your squats.
How will you achieve proper squat form?
- Chest and shoulder position: Keep your shoulders back and your chest out when you’re squatting to achieve a proper spine alignment.
- Head position: Keep your neck straight during the whole exercise. If you don’t, the spinal column will not be aligned and this will put you in risk of injuries, especially if you’re lifting heavy. For this reason, it’s hard to check your own form, so you should have a trainer or a training partner check your form.
- Lower back position: Keep your lower back (lumbar spine) flat once you’re starting the squat and maintain a neutral position as you squat. Hyperextending your lower back or rounding your back will put a lot of pressure on your intervertebral discs, and this can lead to hernias.
- Foot position: Your feet should be firmly planted on the ground with your toes pointed slightly outwards. This will help you stabilize the movement. The wider your feet are, the more work you will do with your glutes and hamstrings. A wider stance will also give you a greater stability. If you have your feet closer you will work more with your quadriceps but you should avoid this position if you’re lifting very heavy weights, to not risk injuries.
- Proper respiration: If you are squatting with weights, take a deep breath and hold it in your chest and abdomen (both your stomach and your chest should be going out as you inhale since you want to inhale with your diaphragm). Contract your abdominal muscles to create abdominal pressure that protects your spine before you lift off the bar. Keep the air and the abdominal pressure as you’re going down and then, when you’re pushing up slowly breathe out. Keep your abdominal contracted to maintain the pressure and protect your spine. Once you’re standing straight, you take a new breath and start over. Maintain this breathing pattern during the whole exercise.
- Hip movement/flexibility: Engage your hips so that your butt will move backward as you’re going down during the squat. This way you will not put too much pressure on your knees and avoid serious injuries. Never lift your heels from the floor.
- Squat depth: This part is deeply connected to your flexibility. You should aim to go as deep as possible but, at the same time, make sure you don’t have pain in your knees or lower back and keep the right form at all times. If you go deeper than your flexibility allows, you risk losing form and exposing yourself to injuries.
- Return to the initial position: Complete the squat by completely extending your hip while still contracting your glutes before starting the next repetition.
As you can tell, there are a lot of details to check to maintain good form. That’s why you should always have a trainer or a training partner to help you with this exercise, especially when you’re not so used to it. If you on occasion train without a trainer or partner, it can be helpful to film your lifts and review them right after.
Most common mistakes you can do during your squat:
- Insufficient warm up: As I stated before warming up is very important and even more so when you are doing a complex exercise like squats. Rowing, bodyweight squats and some stretching can be a good warm up.
- Your knees go inward: Your knees should be in line with your feet to avoid injuries and also be able to go deeper in your squat. To avoid this turn your toes out a little until your knees stay in correct position during the whole exercise. This problem can also occur if you’re unevenly trained in your muscles. In this case, it would mean that your gluteus maximus muscles are more trained than your vastus medialis, sartorius and gracilis muscles which are the ones working to keep your knees in the right position and “pulling out” the knees.
- You lean forward too much with your body: You should put much of your weight on your heels while lowering into a squat. This will help you to keep your torso relatively straight through the exercise. This can change a little based on which kind of bar position you’re using in your exercise. If you’re doing the “low-bar” version of the exercise, the correct form will be leaning forward a bit more than the “high-bar” version. The bar will stay balanced over the mid-foot in each case and this requires that the back to change a little based on that.
- You go down too quickly: If you go down too quickly during the exercise, you will be exposed to injuries since it’s easier to lose form that way.
- You are not squatting deep enough: Your squats are much less effective when you’re not going deep enough, so it’s better to have a lighter weight and maintain proper form and depth for this exercise. You can fix this by having a wider stance of your feet: this will allow you to stay in balance and go deeper at the same time.
- You’re squatting too deep in relation to your flexibility: This is also a problem because, if you squat too deep in relation to your hip flexibility, your will not be able to maintain a neutral position of your lower back, which will put you at risk of injuries.
Do you squat? Which part of the exercise is the most difficult for you? Leave your comment below! | http://www.pisani.se/2016/05/12/how-to-squat-with-correct-form/ |
In my articles The Westside Barbell Conjugate Method: A Users Guide and The Westside Barbell Conjugate Method: A Guide to Accessory Work I outlined how to program and structure your individual training routine based on Westside’s Conjugate Method.
Now, after nearly 1 year of publication and each article receiving over 100,000 views, I’m back with a new resource; a resource which I believe will further simplify the process and allow you to achieve the best results possible.
Perhaps the most important, albeit misunderstood, aspect of Westside’s programming is the concept of variation. As Louie has made abundantly clear, in order to constantly progress one must continuously vary not only volume and intensity but the individual exercises and movements as well.
These exercise variations don’t need to be drastic; rather they should be subtle enough to resemble the classical lifts and maintain proper form and technique, but provide enough of a change to impose new demands.
While, at first, the idea of variation may seem confusing or overwhelming, it truthfully could not be a more simple and straightforward process. As with most things in life, once you get the hang of it, it will become second nature and you will wonder why it ever caused you any trouble in the first place.
To make the process of choosing an exercise variation as easy as possible I have created the series of tables provided below. These tables are specifically designed to provide you with a simple step-by-step method for picking and choosing new variations of the Squat, Bench Press, Deadlift, and Good Morning respectively.
Quite simply, all you need to do is follow the charts in chronological order and choose one option from each subsequent category; once you have reached the end of each chart you will have created your own specific variation of the Squat, Bench Press, Deadlift, and Good Morning. I didn’t calculate how many possible variations could be made from these tables alone, but rest assured there are hundreds of possibilities.
I’d note, the tables below are merely a starting point and are in no way, shape, or form an exhaustive list of possible variations. As you’ll soon find out, with a solid understanding of Westside’s system and a little imagination, you’ll learn to create your own variations with ease.
Finally, before I present the tables I want to briefly cover the guidelines associated with choosing exercise variations. If you feel comfortable with your knowledge of Westside’s system feel free to skip ahead to the variation tables. If not, I encourage you to read my previous articles (linked above) as well as the information I’ve provided below.
Goal: The goal of Max Effort training sessions is to improve maximal strength. Westside accomplishes this by working up to a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in a variation of Squat or Deadlift and the Bench Press.
Frequency: 2 days per week are devoted to Max Effort training sessions. One day for lower body (variations of the Squat or Deadlift) and one day for upper body (variations of the Bench Press).
How Often Should I Change Max Effort Variations? Generally speaking, a trainee could perform the same Max Effort variation for 1-3 weeks in a row. As a trainee becomes more advanced, however, they should reduce the time period and change variations every 1-2 weeks at most. Personally, I enjoy changing the variation every single week as it keeps things fresh and more enjoyable.
How Long Should I Wait Before Repeating a Variation? It’s really up to the individual. The less advanced you are the more often you can repeat a variation. Some trainees may benefit from repeating a variation every 4 weeks while others won’t repeat the same lift for 6 months a time. Regardless, when you eventually repeat a variation try to break your previous personal record (PR). However, don’t be stupid and try to break it by a massive amount. Remember, a 5lb PR is still a PR which means you’re making progress!
Frequency: 2 days per week are devoted to Dynamic Effort training sessions. One day for lower body (variations of the Squat and Deadlift) and one day for upper body (variations of the Bench Press).
How Often Should I Change Dynamic Effort Variations? Trainees should perform the same Dynamic Effort variation for 3 weeks in a row. After this “3-week wave” you must switch to a new variation for the following 3 weeks.
Do I Use the Same Variations for Dynamic Effort and Max Effort or Should I Change Them Completely? Generally speaking, you should perform different variations on Max Effort and Dynamic Effort training sessions. That being said, if one week of a Max Effort variation happens to be the same as your Dynamic Effort variation it’s not something to worry about.
Goal: As I outlined in the two articles linked at the top of this page, the goal of accessory work will change based on the day (Max Effort or Dynamic Effort), the individual, their strengths, weaknesses, equipment availability, preferences, etc. As such, when programming your accessory work you must take into account your specific needs and goals. For in-depth information read the articles I linked to above.
How Often Should I Change Accessory Work Variations? Every 1-3 weeks. Again, the more advanced you are the less time you should spend performing the same movement.
How Should I Choose Accessory Work Variations? In this article I’ve only provided specific charts for Max Effort/Dynamic Effort variations. However, you can use the exact same thought processes when choosing exercises for your accessory work variations.Remember, changes in movements don’t need to be drastic; rather they can be subtle tweaks to slightly change the demands of a given exercise. For example, using Fat Gripz, changing the width of your grip/stance, and switching between bilateral and unilateral movements are all simple and easy ways to effectively vary your accessory exercises.
Now we’re ready to get to the variation tables. If you’re ever uncertain as to what variation to perform I encourage you to return to these tables and use them as a resource.
Done: You’ve found your Squat variation! Now go have fun squatting ’til you puke….
Done: Now you’ve got a Bench Press variation. Go lift some heavy weight!
Done: There’s your new Deadlift variation! Chalk up and go rip the bar off the ground.
Done: That’s your Good Morning variation – Go do work!
I hope you have enjoyed and found this guide helpful. As always, if you have any questions, comments, or suggestions, leave them in the comments section below. | https://www.syattfitness.com/westside-barbell/the-westside-barbell-conjugate-method-a-guide-to-variation/ |
In April 2018, it was the first time I attend to the class of physical education in college. I have not taken PE class for a long time after I graduated from secondary school. I am curious and confuse about why we need to have PE class in college. However, I found that this class of physical education is an opportunity for me to do exercise. There are a lot of things that I have learned in this class such as the basketball and running skills.
It is hard for me to get much exercise every week before I attend to physical education class. Therefore, PE class is a good way to motivate me for doing exercise. In the first seven weeks of physical education, we need to run around the campus. In the beginning, I need to take for a long time to run the distance that asked by lecturer. I used the technique that lecturer taught us to running and improve with every practice. Running is a more easier exercise for me compare with the basketball.
Learning basketball is the most significant events for me in PE class because I never take part in any basketball event. I do not have any experience for playing basketball, so it is not an easy activity for me. We need to learn different ways of playing basketball every week. I have a deeper understanding about the basketball through these classes such as the proper way to shoot and handle the basketball. It gives me a sense of achievement when I finish each lessons of basketball. Successful in learning basketball makes me feel satisfied even I do not play well.
I appreciate to the lecturer who teach us in this semester. He shows patient with the students and encourage the students who are not doing well in sports. The lecturer will correct the students when we make some mistakes in activities. He also be gentle with the female students because he allows the female students to learn basketball in shade place.
Through the experience of PE class, I had a chance to try something that I never done. We insist to attend the PE class although the weather is very hot. Finally, I hope I can pass this subject to repay my efforts. | https://primetimeessay.com/physical-education-reflection/ |
folk and rock ballad music.
There is a lot of information and many exercises
contained in this book. Take your time to move
slowly and surely through the book. Be sure to read
and understand all information, and to master each
and every exercise. The information and exercises
have been designed to give you a rounded knowledge
of guitar chords and an introduction to proper
technique. Complete mastery of each page will pay
big dividends to your playing.
We will apply this knowledge and the technique to
only a few songs, which serve as examples for most
folk and rock ballads, For each song example there
are hundreds of thousands, which would be played
using the same techniques. | http://www.bandwagonmusic.com.au/pdftoflash/assets/seo/page30.html |
Your focus as a weightlifter should generally be on improving your technique and building strength. And to achieve that, you must work harder than ever in the gym.
A PR is a metric you can use to assess your strength and fitness. You may track your development using this number and effectively plan your workouts to get stronger.
What does PR in the gym actually mean? How do you determine your PR? And how can you make it better?
Continue reading to learn the answers to these and other questions.
Contents
- What Exactly Is PR?
- A PR Is Important, But Why?
- Various Forms of PR at the Gym
- One rep max PR
- How To Increase Your PR in the Gym?
- Exercise Q&A
What Exactly Is PR?
PR stands for “personal record” in the gym. This usually means lifting a heavier weight than you have in the past. The word PR, however, is also applicable in a number of other circumstances.
PR stands for “personal record” in the gym
Let’s discuss the reasons why your PR is important in the first place before I go into all the different forms of PRs.
A PR Is Important, But Why?
You can observe how your strength changes over time by tracking your PR for a given exercise. Additionally, this measurement aids in determining the effectiveness of your diet and exercise program.
Additionally, you can utilize your PR to calculate the amount you ought to lift at various rep ranges. For instance, for optimum muscular growth, perform sets with a weight between 70 and 80 percent of your PR (hypertrophy).
Various Forms of PR at the Gym
In the gym, there are many different approaches to break personal records. You can even achieve some personal records outside of the gym! So let’s examine the different PR types.
One rep max PR
First, your one-rep max, or 1RM for short, is the most typical kind of personal record in the gym. The biggest weight you can lift for one repetition of a particular exercise is known as your 1RM.
Increase the weight until you can no longer lift it as one method of determining your PR on an activity. But if you’re new to weightlifting, this could be risky.
Using a straightforward calculator is a different technique to figure out your one rep maximum. The calculator determines your projected 1RM by asking you how many reps you can perform with a specific weight.
PR with the most reps possible
As many reps as possible, or AMRAP for short, is another kind of PR. This personal record (PR) is the most repetitions you can complete with a specific weight without failing.
For instance, you might fail after ten bench press repetitions at 185 lbs. The next week, you perform twelve reps while using 185 pounds. For reps, that would be a new PR.
PR in CrossFit: CrossFit workouts consist of timed circuits of sequential resistance and endurance exercises. As a result, you can set personal records for both time and weight.
Exercise PR: Finally, you may set time personal records away from the gym. such as completing an aerobic exercise like cycling or running at your greatest pace.
How To Increase Your PR in the Gym?
You’ll eventually reach a plateau where setting new personal records becomes difficult. To reach new heights, you must fine-tune your diet and exercise regimen. Here are 4 actions you may take to strengthen yourself.
Complete Sets With Fewer Reps
When training for power and strength, the majority of exercises should be performed with higher weight for fewer reps. This implies the heaviest weight you can lift for 4-6 reps while maintaining excellent technique.
Additionally, break up your workouts so that you obtain proper training volume and have time for your body to relax and recover.
Increase Calorie Consumption
Another frequent reason for training plateaus is your diet. Most likely, you’re not eating enough if you’re not becoming stronger.
Generally speaking, to calculate how many calories you should consume to increase strength, multiply your body weight by 20. If you weigh 150 lbs., for instance, you need consume at least 3,000 calories daily (150 x 20 = 3,000).
Remember that this is only a very approximate estimate, and that the amount of calories you need to increase strength will vary depending on your activity level, metabolic rate, and body composition. To get your precise caloric requirements for muscular growth, go here.
Monitor Your Development
Even if you believe that your diet and training routine are perfect, recording particular figures might still be helpful. Writing things down helps you avoid guesswork and ensures your goals are being met.
Logging your workouts in a journal or fitness app is one way to keep track of your improvement. To track your development from week to week, record the weights and reps for each exercise.
Utilizing apps like MyFitnessPal makes it possible to track your nutrition. The app will calculate your daily calorie and macro breakdown when you enter the foods you eat.
Be Reliable
Consistency is the final ingredient in PR success. In real words, that implies you shouldn’t skip workouts and that you should follow your diet 90% of the time.
It will be simpler to set new personal records in the gym if you adhere to these few rules.
Exercise Q&A
A lot has been covered thus far. However, you may still have concerns about setting personal records at the gym.
In the gym, what does PB stand for?
Personal Best is abbreviated as “PB.” In the gym, it’s possible to hear it used interchangeably with PR. You’ve achieved your greatest weight, rep count, or time when you see either acronym.
Is a one-rep maximum required for a PR?
The danger of serious injuries like torn muscles or tendons increases with one rep maximums. Additionally, the risk rises with age, overtraining, and insufficient rest.
I am aware of this because while trying a one-rep max on the bench press, I completely tore my pectoral muscle. So I rarely “max out” anymore and switch to the one-rep max calculator!
What lifts should I try for a personal record on?
Typically, compound exercises like the squat, bench press, and deadlift are used to monitor your one-rep maximum PR. Although you might certainly reach your maximum during any exercise, a 1RM on the calf raise machine doesn’t say anything about your fitness level.
Nevertheless, it’s wise to keep track of your rep PR for the majority of your main workouts. Then, make an effort to up the reps or weight in each workout. The phrase “progressive overload” describes this idea.
How frequently should I try for a PR?
Maxing out too frequently on the fundamental powerlifting exercises is not a smart idea. The cause of this is that all-out efforts place a heavy strain on your neural system and can easily result in overtraining.
You should only attempt your 1RM PR on strong compound exercises once every month or less to avoid injury. Additionally, provide enough time for recovery between each try. | https://www.ballercircuit.com/what-is-pr-in-gym/ |
In keeping with talking about fundamentals of training, one thing I’d like to address is the issue of how to breathe while lifting weights since this is yet another place that people often get vastly contradictory advice (usually from folks looking at the same thing from a different direction) and get confused about what they should be doing.
How You Breathe is Less Important than That you Breathe
This subheading may seem a bit silly but it’s actually not. Back when I worked with a lot of beginners, I often found that they would become completely overwhelmed with all of the information I was giving them (that was on top of being generally overwhelmed by being in the gym in the first place).
We’d be talking about a lot of stuff and on any given weight training exercise they were having to worry about what muscles were being worked, how quickly to lift and lower the weight, overall form, etc. It’s a lot to take in for someone who is brand new to exercise.
I found that trying to get them to worry about a specific breathing pattern was often too much and many would end up simply holding their breath. Of course, over a higher rep set (I usually used 8-12 repetitions at that time), they’d end up gasping for air about halfway through.
For that reason, at least in the initial couple of workouts, I found that it was far more important that they breathe than how they breathe. And that’s what I would cue. Whether they were able to hit the optimal breathing pattern right off the bat simply didn’t matter (especially given that the weights being used were so light); I just wanted them to breathe and we’d worry about the details later (usually around the third workout).
Basic Breathing During Lifting
Ok, a few definitions are in order. Fundamentally, skeletal muscle can do three different things: it can shorten, stay the same length, and increase length.
In nerd terms, these are called concentric muscle actions (the muscle shortens under load), isometric muscle actions (the muscle doesn’t change length) and eccentric muscle actions (the muscle lengthens under load). You think of this as lifting, holding and lowering the weight.
If you’re wondering why I’m dealing with technical jargon (concentric, eccentric) instead of using simpler terms like up and down or forwards and backwards or towards and away, it’s because things aren’t always quite as simple as they look in the weight room.
In some movements, the concentric (muscle is shortening) occurs when the weight or handle is coming towards the lifter; in others it’s reversed. Thinking in terms of forwards and backwards often gets people into trouble.
In a bench press or shoulder press, for example, the concentric action happens as the lifter is pushing the weight away from them (towards the ceiling); in a cable row or pulldown, the concentric happens as the lifter is pulling the weight towards them.
In any case, I’m not going to spend much time worrying about isometric muscle actions in this piece, my focus will be only on the concentric (lifting) and eccentric (lowering) part of the movement.
Now, perhaps the simplest approach to breathing while lifting is to inhale during the eccentric contraction (when the muscle is lengthening) and exhale during the concentric (when the muscle is shortening). And there is certainly much logic to this piece of advice.
In general, people are a bit stronger when they exhale (this is part of why boxers and martial artists exhale when they throw a punch or kick) and since it’s harder to lift a weight than it is to lower it, it makes sense to synchronize the breathing with the difficulty of the movement. So you exhale when the weight is being raised and inhale when the weight is being lowered.
As well, and I’ll come back to this in a second, breathing in this fashion tends to cause less issues with blood pressure spiking, at least when compared to holding the breath. So from at least that one perspective (blood pressure), breathing fairly continuously throughout the set in the manner I’ve just described tends to be safer compared to what I’m going to describe shortly.
For this reason, many are quite adamant that this is how everyone should always breathe when lifting weights.
However…..
Of Partial Valsalva’s, Intra-Abdominal Pressure and Spinal Stability
While the breathing pattern I described above may be the safest from the standpoint of blood pressure during lifting, there are other issues to consider. One of the most critical is spinal stability.
During lifts that load the spine (e.g. squats, deadlifts, overhead press and many others), it’s critical that the spine be supported to prevent injury (and this is especially true as the weights get heavier and/or the repetitions get lower).
Now, there are a lot of different mechanisms including muscles, ligaments, etc. that act to support the spine during lifting; I’m not going to discuss them in detail here. But one of the key ones is something called Intra-abdominal pressure or IAP.
IAP is pretty much what it sounds like, an increase in pressure that occurs within the abdomen; for reasons I’m not going to get into here, this helps to mechanically stabilize the spine and prevent it from buckling under heavy loads.
And how do we increase IAP during lifting? The primary way is by performing a Valsalva or Partial Valsalva maneuver; this simply refers to exhaling against a closed glottis (windpipe). It’s sort of an active way of holding your breath.
More specifically, to increase IAP while lifting, the following should be done:
- The lifter should inhale into the belly (note: this is different than breathing superficially into the chest) filling the stomach with air.
- The lifter should then try to exhale but without letting any air escape because the windpipe is closed off.
Ok, this is turning out to be harder to describe than it is to teach or demonstrate in person.
This may make it easier: think about what happens when you’re sitting on the toilet and straining a bit, odds are you reflexively take a breath and then hold it while pushing down. Boom, that’s a partial Valsalva.
As noted, the major benefit of breathing in this fashion is spinal safety, the spine is mechanically buttressed from the front by the pressure created in the abdominal area. The drawback is that, at least acutely, this can cause blood pressure to spike. Obviously, for people with pre-existing issues with blood pressure, the advantages of breathing in this fashion may be more than outweighed by the potential negatives.
It’s also worth mentioning that many lifters wear a belt to help with the development of IAP. With a belt worn tight enough (and in my experience, many general trainees don’t wear their belts tight enough to do any good), the abs can be physically pushed into the belt; this helps to further develop IAP and stabilize the spine/core while under heavy load.
So how do we put that into practice in the weight room?
High Performance Breathing in the Weight Room
So let’s start from the top, a lifter is squatting with a reasonably heavy weight. They have taken the bar out of the rack and are standing, preparing to perform their first repetition of the set. They should begin by taking a breath into the belly (this is also a good time to get the chest and head up, if they aren’t already) and then perform a partial Valsalva as they descend. In general, the partial Valsalva would be held through the sticking point.
Once through the sticking point, opinions and practice vary somewhat.
I tend to cue exhaling just past the sticking point (making a bit of noise, as necessary since a sharp exhale tends to increase strength) as this often helps the lifter not only get through it but finish strongly to the top of the movement. The potential disadvantage is that if the lifter exhales too quickly, they may lose some of the spinal stability that the partial Valsalva provided.
Others advocate keeping the breath held until the repetition is completed and breathing at the top. The advantage of this is that the lifter maintains IAP all the way through the repetition. The disadvantage is that, if the reps are slow, the lifter may feel like they are running out of air.
Still others advocate letting the air escape more slowly through clenched teeth in a ‘sssss’ sounding kind of thing. This may provide an optimal balance between the two methods, the lifter gets the benefits of exhaling (which tends to make folks stronger) but without losing spinal stability by exhaling too much or too quickly.
Once at the top, regardless of what happened, the lifter should then inhale and perform another partial Valsalva prior to the next repetition. In this context, I tend to cue lifters who are somewhat new to lifting to treat each repetition of the set almost as an individual single. This is both a breathing and setup thing as many lifters start to rush (especially when it gets heavy).
So for a set of 5 repetitions, I want them to treat it as 5 perfect single repetitions with each repetition starting off with a proper inhale and tightening up prior to beginning the eccentric. This also gives me a chance to give a quick form cue as needed for each repetition since there is a brief break between each repetition.
As lifters become more advanced, many get comfortable with inhaling and performing the partial Valsalva as they are already beginning their descent and they don’t have to take as long between reps setting up. But this only comes after quite a bit of practice. Lifters must have automated the performance of the partial Valsalva first before trying this.
So What’s the Bottom Line?
So what’s the best way to breathe in the weight room? As usual, it depends.
For complete beginners (who should always be using light weights anyhow), it’s more important that they breathe than how they breathe. This is especially true during the first few workouts when there is so much other stuff that needs to be worried about.
For general lifting for health or fitness type purposes, I’d probably err on the side of the basic ‘exhale while lifting, inhale while lowering’. Admittedly there will be some loss of stability but usually basic fitness type lifting isn’t aimed at maximal performance and it would be rare for low repetitions or massively heavy weights to be used. As well, it’s not as common to see squats or deadlifts being used in those types of routines.
As well, individuals with any type of pre-existing cardiac or blood pressure issues would generally want to stick with the basic type of breathing. Breath holding would need to be avoided.
However, once trainees start pursuing more performance oriented goals and assuming that they don’t have any sort of pre-existing issue, mastering the use of the Partial Valsalva during lifting is crucial. Not only will it provide the most spinal safety, it will improve performance during the use of low reps and/or heavy weights in core movements like squat, bench press, deadlift, etc.
Similar Posts:
- Reducing Body Fat Percentage by Gaining Muscle – Q&A
- Warming Up for the Weight Room Part 2
- Body Composition Calculations
- Rapid Fat Loss Without Weight Training – Q&A
- What is Training Intensity? | https://bodyrecomposition.com/training/breathing-during-weight-training.html/ |
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous and autosomal recessive disorder with hypopigmentation in eye, hair and skin color. Six genes, TYR, OCA2, TYRP1 SLC45A2, OCA5 and SLC24A5, have been identified as causative genes for non-syndromic OCA1-6 respectively. For syndromic OCA, at least 13 genes, HPS1-9 for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, CHS1 for Chediak-Higashi syndrome, GS1-3 for Griscelli syndrome, have been characterized. An optimized strategy for the genotyping of more than 300 Chinese OCA patients was implemented. Over 70 previously unreported alleles in several OCA genes including TYR, OCA2, SLC45A2, SLC24A5 and HPS1 were identified. It was found that the mutational spectrum is population specific in Chinese (different from Caucasian and Japanese). The abnormal melanosomal localization of several commonly occurred alleles of TYR and SLC45A2 in Chinese OCA patients was characterized. The melanosomes in the skin melanocytes of these OCA patients was examined and found that more immatured melanosomes were present in an OCA6 patient. Furthermore, the SLC24A5 protein was reduced in steady-state levels in mouse HPS mutants with deficiencies in BLOC-1 and BLOC-2. The melanosomal localization in multiple HPS melanocytes was further investigated. Our results suggest that is required for melanosome maturation and is transported into mature melanosomes by HPS protein associated complexes (HPACs). The results of this study will be translational and significant for gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of OCA in China. | https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/genetic-diagnosis-of-oculocutaneous-albinism-and-functional-studies-of-associated-genes-3431.html |
Table_4_Transcriptome Reveals Multi Pigmentation Genes Affecting Dorsoventral Pattern in Avian Body.XLSX
Certain animals exhibit a special dorsoventral pattern with a lighter ventral side compared to the dorsal one and this phenomenon was preserved in the long-term evolution process. Birds also retain this trait. Recently, Inaba et al. (2019) found that ASIP (agouti signal protein) regulated interconversion between different melanocyte types leads to dorsal stripe pattern, which may partly explain the birds’ dorsoventral plumage color difference. In this study, we used the embryo samples of LBM (light brown mottling) ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) with white ventral and dark dorsal body parts to investigate the mechanism of dorsoventral color variation. Firstly, melanin deposition process of duck embryos was investigated. The result indicated that E13 and E16 were the active stages of melanin synthesis. Moreover, the melanin deposition on the dorsum of LBM ducks was higher than that on the ventral side throughout. Then, RNA-seq was conducted for the dorsal and ventral skin tissues from E7 (early), E13 (middle) and E19 (late) of LBM ducks. Expression pattern analysis showed that the mRNA expression of most melanin synthesis related genes were at the highest level at E13, which was consistent with the section analysis. A correlation was found between melanogenesis pathway and dorsoventral color difference by co-expression analysis. In the DEG (differentially expressed gene) analysis, we added the dorsal skin transcriptome of embryonic white and black duck of same subspecies (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) for horizontal comparison. The results showed that 8 melanogenesis related genes (TYR, TYRP1, MLANA, RAB38, OCA2, TSPAN10, MC1R, and MSLN) were the common DEGs (Differential expressed genes) in the comparisons of body parts and breeds suggesting that the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism of dorsoventral plumage color difference may be similar to that of albino and melanic duck, which were caused by the different expression of multiple genes in melanin synthesis pathway. In addition, the molecular regulation of melanin synthesis pathway in the dorsal and ventral side of LBM ducks was analyzed. In this pathway, ASIP, MC1R, TYR, and TYRP1 have differential mRNA expression. ASIP, as an upstream gene in this pathway, was likely to play a decisive role in determining the dorsoventral plumage pattern. | https://frontiersin.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_4_Transcriptome_Reveals_Multi_Pigmentation_Genes_Affecting_Dorsoventral_Pattern_in_Avian_Body_XLSX/13034102/1 |
Breslow thickness is recognised as one of the most important prognostic tumour features in melanoma. In a recent pooled international study, the interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4) intron 4 rs12203592*T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with increased Breslow thickness .
Objective
Investigate whether this observation could be extended to include the analysis of IRF4 rs12203592 in nodular melanoma (NM), which is associated with a greater Breslow thickness at diagnosis compared with superficial spreading melanomas.
Methods
Participants were recruited as part of the Brisbane Naevus Morphology Study. 432 melanoma case participants, with a personal history of one or more primary melanomas, were analysed along with 662 control individuals with no personal history of melanoma. All participants had genomic DNA extracted from 2ml of saliva collected using an Oragene-DNA selfcollection kit
Results
The IRF4 rs12203592*T allele had a frequency of 36.3% (n= 40) in the NM group compared to cutaneous melanoma group of 24.9% (n= 188), and 22.1% (n=293) in the control group (genotype P =0.015). The odds ratio for carrying the T allele in the NM group was 1.64 (95% confidence interval: 1.09–2.46) compared to the other melanoma patient group. We examined SNPs within an additional seven candidate genes associated with pigmentation, naevogenesis and melanoma (MITF, BNC2, MTAP, TYR, KITLG, HERC2/ OCA2 and PLA2G6) and found no significant association with NM.
Conclusions
Our findings report IRF4 as a potentially significant melanoma risk loci in NMs, which is consistent with Gibbs and colleagues findings indicating that the rs12203592* T SNP is associated with increased Breslow thickness in melanoma. | http://asdr-2019.p.asnevents.com.au/days/2019-05-16/abstract/61652 |
- Poster presentation
- Published:
Comprehensive analysis of the molecular bases of OCA in Indians
Genome Biology volume 11, Article number: P32 (2010)
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1842 Accesses
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Background
OCA is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by hypopigmentation and abnormalities related to ocular development. Mutations in genes regulating melanin-biosynthesis cause four classical types of OCA (OCA 1-4). The clinical spectrum of OCA often depends on the pigmentation threshold of a patient, highlighting the importance of ethnic- specific SNPs. We aimed to understand the molecular bases of OCA in India, where it is one of the four major causes of childhood blindness.
Materials and methods
Blood samples were collected from OCA patients and family members, mostly from eastern and southern India. Seven pigmentation related genes were screened for variations. Relevant non-synonymous changes in tyrosinase (TYR) were functionally validated. Eighteen SNPs from three OCA genes were genotyped in 552 normal individuals covering various ethnic groups of India.
Results
Our data suggest that defects in TYR cause albinism in 58% (36/62) of the cases (and unpublished data; see Figure 1). Functional assays with missense mutations proved that none of mutants are enzymatically active and are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum . Screening of the remaining cases (43%) revealed OCA2 to be the second common locus followed by SLC45A2 (Figure 1). Evaluation of SNPs in TYR, OCA2 and SLC45A2 in normal population suggested definitive bias for some of the SNPs towards specific populations.
Conclusions
Our investigation suggests that ~58% of OCA in India belong to OCA1 category. ER retention is the major cause of lack of TYR activity in OCA1 patients. Information on allelic distribution of SNPs is important for cosegregation analysis of candidate genes in affected families.
References
- 1.
Chaki M, Sengupta M, Mondal M, Bhattacharyya A, Mallick S, Bhadra R, Consortium Indian Genome Variation, Ray K: Molecular and functional studies on Tyrosinase among Indian Oculocutaneous Albinism type 1 (OCA1) patients. J Invest Dermatol. 2010.
- 2.
Sengupta M, Mondal M, Jaiswal P, Sinha S, Chaki M, Samanta S, Ray K: Comprehensive Analysis of the Molecular Basis of OCA in Indian Patients Lacking Mutation in Tyrosinase Gene. Br J Dermatol. 2010, -Epub ahead of print.
Acknowledgement
SNP analysis in Indian population groups was done as part of a larger study to capture genomic variation among Indians by the Indian Genome Variation Consortium.
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Ray, K., Sengupta, M., Chaki, M. et al. Comprehensive analysis of the molecular bases of OCA in Indians. Genome Biol 11, P32 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2010-11-s1-p32
Published: | https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2010-11-s1-p32 |
Memory is a strange thing- or maybe it’s only my memory that’s strange. Always was a little quirky. But here is what happened so this post didn’t turn out how it was supposed to.
While I was thinking about the letter V, this phrase kept popping up – Violets are blue. Violets are blue. Then I thought of ‘Roses are red, violets are blue.,’ and somehow I found myself singing, ‘Roses are red, dilly dilly, violets are blue ‘. But for the life of me I couldn’t think what came next to rhyme with blue. So mrs google saved the day, again.
So here is where the memory misshap came in. First of all the song is about lavender not roses and violets, secondly it’s blue and green, not red. Anyone remember? ‘lavender blue dilly dilly, lavender green, when I am king dilly dilly you shall be queen.’ It’s an English folksong.
So this dilly dally distracted me from what I planned to right about, namely eye colour, blue, brown and in between. Back in the ancient days of genetics – yup I’m feeling very out of date – I could simply explain eye colour in my family very simply using Mendelian genetics. This is how it used to go.
Both Bob and I had one parent with blue eyes and one brown eyed parent but both of us had brown eyes. We had 3 kids, two brown eyed and one blue. Since the gene for blue was thought to be recessive, the parents and the child with blue eyes would have to have got one blue eye gene from both of their parents. Brown is a dominant gene; you only needed one to get the brown eyes, so the brown-eyed folks on the family chart could either have two copies of the brown gene or one brown and one blue. But since one of our kids had blue eyes, that told us that both of us had one brown and one blue eye gene.
So simple a scheme – but not anymore. We now know that multiple gens interact to produce eye colour, and also skin and hair colour. Like skin and hair, the colour of your iris, whether blue, green or brown, is determined by the amount of melanin. Brown eyes contain lots of melanin, blue eyes much less. Melanin is protective against damage from UV light, certain cancers and macular damage occur more frequently in blue eyed individuals.
Two genes, OCA2 and HERC2, located on chromosome 15 have long been known to be important as they control the production of melanosomes, the cells that make the melanin. By 2011, 16 genes for eye colour had been described, and only last month, researchers reported 50 newly identified genes for eye colour. And yet again it reinforces that the more you know, the more you know what you don’t know.
Regardless of how your eye colour came to be, you need to be vigilant about protecting your eyes from light injury. Shielding the eyes against UV light by wearing good sunglasses is vital. Although my eyes are dark brown, they are exposed to a lot of blue light from phone and computer screens.
I am scrupulous about taking my daily supplement that contains lutein and zeaxanthin, carotenoid antioxidants, that accumulate in the macula, protecting it from UV light damage. You can see how effective this is in this video. | https://www.askdrgill.com/2021/04/26/violets-are-blue/ |
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European journal of human genetics : EJHG 2005 Aug 13 (8): 913-20.
Jannot Anne-Sophie, Meziani Roubila, Bertrand Guylene, Gérard Benedicte, Descamps Vincent, Archimbaud Alain, Picard Catherine, Ollivaud Laurence, Basset-Seguin Nicole, Kerob Delphine, Lanternier Guy, Lebbe Celeste, Saiag P, Crickx Beatrice, Clerget-Darpoux Françoise, Grandchamp Bernard, Soufir Nadem, Melan-Cohor
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The Brazilian population was formed by extensive admixture of three different ancestral roots: Amerindians, Europeans and Africans. Our previous work has shown that at an individual level, ancestry, as estimated using molecular markers, was a poor predictor of color in Brazilians. We now investigate if SNPs known to be associated with human skin pigmentation can be used to predict color in Brazilians. For that, we studied the association of fifteen SNPs, previously known to be linked with skin color, in 243 unrelated Brazilian individuals self-identified as White, Browns or Blacks from Rio de Janeiro and 212 unrelated Brazilian individuals self-identified as White or Blacks from São Paulo. The significance of association of SNP genotypes with self-assessed color was evaluated using partial regression analysis. After controlling for ancestry estimates as covariates, only four SNPs remained significantly associated with skin pigmentation: rs1426654 and rs2555364 within SLC24A5, rs16891982 at SLC45A2 and rs1042602 at TYR. These loci are known to be involved in melanin synthesis or transport of melanosomes. We found that neither genotypes of these SNPs, nor their combination with biogeographical ancestry in principal component analysis, could predict self-assessed color in Brazilians at an individual level. However, significant correlations did emerge at group level, demonstrating that even though elements other than skin, eye and hair pigmentation do influence self-assessed color in Brazilians, the sociological act of self-classification is still substantially dependent of genotype at these four SNPs.
Copyright: © 2014 Durso et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was supported by grants from the following Brazilian agencies: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Brazilians form one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world, the result of five centuries of interethnic crosses of peoples from three continents: the European colonizers, the African slaves, and the autochthonous Amerindians. The relative proportion of these three ancestral roots in the makeup of the Brazilian population has changed considerably along time. After more than 100 years of heavy European immigration beginning in the second half of the 19th Century, all regions of Brazil now show a preponderance of European ancestry, with proportions ranging from 60.6% in the Northeast to 77.7% in the South .
In Brazil, color (in Portuguese, cor) is based on a complex phenotypic evaluation that takes into account not only skin pigmentation, but also hair pigmentation and type, eye melanization and facial features such as nose and lip shape , . Since 1991, the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), responsible for the official census of Brazil, has employed only five pre-established discontinuous color categories, exclusively based on self-assessment: White, Browns, Blacks, Yellows, and Indigenous. In 2010, the IBGE census computed a population of 191 million Brazilians, into the following color percentages: 47.6% White, 43.0% Brown, 7.6% Black, 0.6% Yellow, 1.0% Indigenous, and 0.1% with no declaration (http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=cd&o=4&i=P&c=3145). Justifying this strategy, it has been shown that even when there is total liberty for the declaration of “color or race” without a priori definition of categories, most Brazilians identify themselves spontaneously according to this relatively restricted group of color representations , .
Our previous studies , – have shown that biogeographical ancestry is a poor predictor of color in Brazil. Thus, we decided to ascertain whether SNPs that have been shown to be associated with skin, eye and hair pigmentation in other populations could perform better in the prediction of self-declared color in Brazilians. For this purpose, we analyzed 15 such SNPs in 455 unrelated Brazilian individuals self-declared as Whites, Browns or Blacks, from two large cities in the Southeast of Brazil. We here report our results in this study.
Our main target population was composed of 243 unrelated Brazilian individuals from the city of Rio de Janeiro, self-evaluated as Whites (n = 82), Browns (n = 80) or Blacks (n = 81), according to the census criteria of IBGE. As mentioned in the Introduction, our previous studies , –, have shown that geographical ancestry is not a good predictor of color in Brazil. Thus, we initially tested if the same observation was valid for this specific group.
To achieve that, as previously done , , , we genotyped all individuals at 40 autosomal short insertion-deletion polymorphisms (indels) dispersed in the human genome. We then used the genotypes and the Structure program to estimate, at an individual level, the European, African and Amerindian components of ancestry. All the individual estimates are shown in triangular plots for each separate self-assessed color group in Figure 1A.
Figure 1. (A) Triangular plots of the genomic proportions of African, European and Amerindian ancestry in three self-reported color groups of 243 Brazilian individuals from Rio de Janeiro samples, self-categorized as White, Brown and Black individuals.
Each point represents a separate individual and the ancestral proportions can be determined by dropping lines parallel to each of the three axes. The graphs were drawn using the Tri-Plot software. (B) Dot plot of the European ancestry proportion for each separate self-assessed color group.
To provide a clearer perspective, we also display in Figure 1B the dot plot of the European ancestry proportion for each separate self-assessed color group. Whites had a median proportion of European ancestry of 0.849 and an Inter-Quantile Range (IQR = 75th percentile – 25th percentile) of 0.336; Browns had a median of 0.803 and IQR of 0.353; Blacks had a median of 0.119 and IQR of 0.210. From inspection of these images it is evident that the color groups had very wide variance and that there was very significant overlap between them, making it impossible to confidently predict color from ancestry at an individual level, the distinction between Whites and Browns being especially difficult. On the other hand, if we assign to the White, Brown and Black categories numerical values 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0, respectively, we obtain a Spearman's rank correlation rho value of −0.557, which is significant (P<0.0001).
We next genotyped all 243 unrelated individuals from the city of Rio de Janeiro, for the 15 SNPs known to be associated with pigmentation of skin, eyes and/or hair (Table 1) using the Taqman SNP genotyping assays (Table S1 in File S1). Allele frequencies for all loci are shown in Table S2 in File S1.
Table 1. Numeric regression analysis between self-assessed color categories and SNP genotypes in population samples from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
To perform a statistical association analysis using numeric regression, we then converted, as above, the self-classified color (White, Brown, and Black) into the following numeric values: 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 respectively. In this fashion, we could use the Golden Helix SVS7 software to perform a numeric regression of phenotypes on genotypes, which had also been converted to numeric values under three models: co-dominant (additive), dominant and recessive models. The additive model presented the lowest P values (Table S3 in File S1) and was adopted for all further analyses. After application of the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, we observed that, as shown in Table 1, seven loci showed P values under the 5% significance level (rs1426654, rs16891982, rs2555364, rs1042602, rs6058017, rs1015362 and rs2733832, in decreasing order of significance). As shown previously, self-assessed color showed significant associations with the estimated proportions of European, African and Amerindian ancestries at group level.
To eliminate ancestry confounding we used the Golden Helix SVS7 software to perform a partial regression analysis using European, African and Amerindian ancestry estimates as covariates. After applying that ancestry control, only four SNPs remained with significant association: rs1426654 and rs2555364 within locus SLC24A5, rs16891982 at locus SLC45A2, and rs1042602 at locus TYR.
To ascertain whether these four loci could be confirmed as the most significant in a different Brazilian population, we evaluated 212 unrelated individuals from the city São Paulo, which, as Rio de Janeiro, is also located in Southeastern Brazil. However, this sample differed from the one from Rio de Janeiro in that it was made up only of individuals self-evaluated as Whites (n = 106) or Blacks (n = 106), thus missing individuals self-classified as Browns. Moreover, individuals from São Paulo were only tested for ten SNPs from the 15 SNPs originally tested in Rio de Janeiro, but included, of course, all seven found to be significantly associated with self-classified color on our full-model numeric regression.
To be able to perform numerical analysis we then converted the self-classified color (White and Black) into the numeric values 0.0 and 1.0 respectively, and used the Golden Helix SVS7 software to regress color phenotypes on genotypes, also converted to numeric values, under the co-dominant (additive) model. After application of the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, we observed that, as shown in Table 1, all loci showed significance, with P values lower than in the Rio de Janeiro group, presumably because we used only individuals on the polar color groups (Whites and Blacks), without the intermediate Browns.
Since the proportions of European, African and Amerindian ancestries also showed significant associations with color, we again proceeded to control for biogeographical ancestry confounding and obtain an estimate of the importance of self-identified color alone using a partial regression analysis using the ancestry estimates as covariates. After that, nine SNPs remained with significant association at the 0.05 level after the Bonferroni correction (Table 1). The first, second, third and fifth lowest significance (P) values in the in the São Paulo population sample were observed for SNPs rs1426654, rs16891982, rs2555234 and rs1042602, which had all previously been found to be significant in the Rio de Janeiro population (rs2555364-rs1426654 haplotypes on locus SLC24A5, rs16891982 on locus SLC45A2, and rs1042602 in locus TYR). The difference was that SNP rs642742 close to gene KITLG now was also significant, while it had not been significant with the Rio de Janeiro sample.
The SNPs rs2555364 and rs1426654 are on positions 48,419,386 and 48,426,484 on chromosome 15, only 7,098 base pairs apart. Hence, they are expected to be in linkage disequilibrium. Indeed, our analysis of the data using the web tool CUBEX confirmed that, showing D′ values of respectively 1.0, −1.0 and −0.88 for Whites, Browns and Blacks from the Rio de Janeiro sample and D′ values of respectively 1.0 and −0.94 for Whites and Blacks from the São Paulo sample. This meant that for best accurate results, we should use haplotypes at both SNPs, rather than treating their alleles independently. The haplotype frequencies are shown in Table S4 in File S1. We estimated the haplotype phase for each individual we using the PHASE program for Windows (http://stephenslab.uchicago.edu/software.html#phase).
We then used the rs2555364-rs1426654 haplotypes within locus SLC24A5, rs16891982 at locus SLC45A2, and rs1042602 at locus TYR and the Structure software to estimate clusters among the individuals from our target population of Rio de Janeiro (using K = 3). The program assigned to each individual a value, which represented the probability of belonging to each of the three self-classified color clusters. This value increased progressively as we increased in pigmentation, moving from the White group (mean = 0.22) to the Brown group (mean = 0.48) to the Black group (mean = 0.73), as can be seen in Figure 2. Since this probability value assigned by the Structure program was positively correlated with pigmentation, we have called it “Pigmentation Index (PI)”.
Figure 2. Graph of the individual value of the “Pigmentation Index” (PI) estimated using the Structure software, on the basis of the proportion of belonging to two clusters.
Each thin vertical line represents one individual (243 in total). Vertical black lines separate the individuals into three different self-categorized skin color, identified by the labels on the bottom. Ten Structure runs were performed with a burn-in of 100,000 iterations and run length of 2,000,000 iterations.
Figure 3 shows the dot plot of PI values for the three color groups of Rio de Janeiro. As observed before for the ancestry estimation, it is evident that that the color groups had wide variance and that there was very significant overlap between them, making it impossible to confidently predict color categories from SNP genotypes at an individual level. Browns showed much more intermediate levels of PI between Whites and Blacks than observed with ancestry.
Figure 3. Dot-plot of the “Pigmentation Index” (PI) within the three color categories.
The dot-plot was prepared with the MedCalc software .
From the previous results, emerges a picture in which neither biogeographical ancestry nor the pigmentation index (PI) calculated from the genotypes of rs1426654, rs16891982, rs2555364, rs1042602 were capable of predicting well the self-assessed color group of individuals from Rio de Janeiro, although the second appeared to resolve better the three groups. On the other hand, our results using partial regression demonstrated that the association of rs2555364-rs1426654 haplotypes, rs16891982 and rs1042602 with self-assessed color was, at least in part, independent of ancestry estimates. This statistical independence was made evident by the differences between the distribution of ancestry (Figure 1) and PI (Figure 3) among the different color groups. We then decided to ascertain if the joint consideration of ancestry and PI could provide a better prediction of self-assessed color.
We tested this hypothesis experimentally using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with three variables: Pigmentation Index (PI), African ancestry and Amerindian ancestry. The bi-plot of principal component 1 (PC1) vs. principal component 2 (PC2) is shown in Figure 4, with the three color groups shown in different colors and symbols. The first and second components explained 87% (56% and 31%, respectively) of the variance. However, once again, there was no discrete clustering of the three color groups.
Figure 4. Bi-plot of principal component 1 (PC1) vs. principal component 2 (PC2), with the three color groups shown in different colors and symbols.
Each point represents one individual, self-assessed as Whites (red triangles), Browns (blue dots) and Blacks (black asterisks). We ran the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using three variables: Pigmentation Index (PI), African ancestry and Amerindian ancestry. The PCA and the plot were done using R program, v. 3.0.0 .
On the basis of association studies present in the literature, we chose several genetic variants previously associated with differences in skin, eye and hair pigmentation among individuals from different parts of the world –. In this study, we have demonstrated that after correction for ancestry as a confounding covariate, haplotypes of rs2555364-rs1426654 within SLC24A5 and the SNPs rs16891982 in SLC45A2 and rs1042602 in TYR are significantly associated with skin color categories in a sample of the population of Rio de Janeiro, with confirmation with a second sample, from São Paulo, another large southeastern city in Brazil.
The regression results were consistent with those of Pneuman et al. (2012) who showed that a set of SNPs containing rs12913832, rs16891982, and rs1426654 was associated with skin color in various populations around the world. Similarly, the SNPs rs1426654 and rs16891982 are known to be related to hair, skin, and eye color of North Americans and individuals of South Asian descent . These findings collectively support the functional role of the loci SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 in human pigmentation . The SNP rs1042602 also has been described as associated with pigmentation in general: with eye and hair pigmentation in Europeans , , .
Earlier this year, Beleza et al reported a genome-wide association study of skin color with 879,359 SNPs in an admixed population from Cape Verde. They observed four major loci for skin pigmentation, three of which were exactly the ones that we found significant in our study: SLC24A5, SLC45A2 and TYR (the fourth one, APB2 had not been previously described as associated with pigmentation and thus was not included in the present study). They estimated that these three loci were responsible for 35% of the total variance in color.
SLC24A5 (solute carrier family 24 member 5) is a well-known human pigmentation locus, which is a human orthologue of the golden gene of zebra fish , . The cSNP rs1426654 involves an A to G transition on position 48,426.484 of chromosome 15, causing a Thr111Ala mutation, which apparently has an effect in melanosome biogenesis, possibly because of incomplete processing of a protein integral to early melanosome production . The G allele is much abundant in African and Asian populations (Cheng and Canfield, 2006). The non-transcribed SNP rs2555364, involving a C>G transversion, again has much higher frequencies of the G allele in African and Asian populations (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?rs=2555364). Because of the continental correlation between color and biogeographical ancestry, haplotypes of rs1426654, rs2555364 and a third SNP rs16960620 can be used as informative markers for the discrimination of individuals with European, Sub-Saharan African and East Asian ancestry .
The solute carrier family 45 member 2 (SLC45A2), encodes a polypeptide that appears to be a transporter mediating melanin synthesis in skin pigmentation , –. The rs16891982 SNP displays differing population frequency distributions and these variants have been shown to be significantly associated with dark hair, skin, and eye pigmentation in Caucasian, Asians, African Americans, and Australian Aborigines populations . Together with the SNP rs1426654 at SLC24A5, rs16891982 is known to explain a substantial proportion of skin pigmentation differences between Europeans and West Africans , .
Tyrosinase, encoded by the TYR gene in chromosome 11, is an essential enzyme for the synthesis of melanin , . Defects of TYR are known to be the cause of oculocutaneous albinism type 1A (http://omim.org/entry/203100). The SNP rs1042602, is a C to A transversion within the coding region of the tyrosinase gene, leading to a S192Y mutation, which is associated with eye, hair and skin pigmentation in several populations , , .
We tried to assess whether the genotypes of the four SNPs that were significantly associated with color in the sample from Rio de Janeiro, could be used to make phenotypic predictions about which self-assessed color groups an individual belonged to. For that, we used the rs2555364-rs1426654 haplotypes, the genotypes at rs16891982 and rs1042602 genotypes and the graphical output of Structure software to separate clusters among the individuals from our target population of Rio de Janeiro. The program assigned to each individual a value, which we called “Pigmentation Index (PI)” that show increasing values as we move sequentially from the White self-assessed color category to the Brown and Black ones (Figure 2). However, as the dot plot of PI values for the three color groups show (Figure 3) it is evident that the color groups had wide variance and that there was significant overlap between them, making it impossible to confidently predict self-assessed color group from SNP genotypes at an individual level.
Thus, neither biogeographical ancestry nor the pigmentation index (PI) calculated from the genotypes of rs1426654, rs16891982, rs2555364, rs1042602 were capable of predicting well the self-assessed choice of color group of individuals from Rio de Janeiro. Since such genotypes had been shown to be, at least in part, statistically independent of ancestry estimates, we tried to ascertain whether they together could generate a better prediction of self-assessed color, by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with three variables: Pigmentation index (PI), African ancestry and Amerindian ancestry (Figure 4). Again, by far, the largest variation was seen in the Brown category, especially along the first component.
In spite of the incomplete resolution of the three color categories, inspection of the PC1-PC2 biplot shows interesting features. From left to right in Figure 4 (moving progressively from a majority of Whites, to a majority of Browns, to a majority of Blacks) a spread is discernible, suggesting that variation along the second component becomes more relevant as we move rightwards. To try to understand the reason for this, we studied the non-parametric rank correlations (Spearman's rho) between the first and second component and the three variables used to calculate the principal components. Indeed, as shown in detail in Table S5, we find that PC1 is more highly correlated with Pigmentation Index (rho = 0.885) and African ancestry (rho = 0.835), while PC2 is more highly correlated with Amerindian ancestry (rho = 0.714). Hence, is appears from Figure 4 that variation in Amerindian ancestry increases, as the amount of pigmentation and African ancestry increase. This in understandable historically, since Amerindian admixture has been more common with African slaves in the Brazilian past, than with Europeans, as shown in our study of mitochondrial DNA inheritance in Black individuals .
The self-attribution of color is complex. It is influenced by the skin pigmentation, but also by other characteristics such as hair and eye pigmentation, facial features and family history, as well as extraneous factors that may range from sunlight exposure (Pena et al, 2011) to income level, social class and schooling , , .
Petrucelli (2007) notes that the Brown category has the additional complication of apparently designating a residual category in the racial classification system. Inside the Brown category, he distinguishes at least three categories: first, a group that has a phenotype that is perceived to be of African origin; secondly, a group that can be identified as predominantly of Amerindian descent and thirdly, a group that expresses an adhesion to a specific historical-geographical condition and does not actually constitutes a proper ethnic identification in the sense of physical appearance (Petrucelli, 2007). Thus, the Brown category poses an intrinsic classification problem. On the other hand, it is a quite important category, been chosen by 42% of Brazilians (http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=cd&o=4&i=P&c=3145).
Under the light of the above, it might be argued, prima facie, that the use of self-assessed color classification might not be the ideal parameter for a Brazilian study of the influence of genotype on pigmentation phenotype. Therefore, we should examine what would be the alternative approaches. One possibility would be the use of color classification by an external observer. However, this is equally subjective and different studies have shown that it does not lead to greatly different results when compared with self-classification , .
Another possibility might be the use of skin reflectance levels to measure the degree of pigmentation, as was used in the recent paper by Beleza et al . On the basis of the genetic variance at four major pigmentation loci, the authors could explain 35% of the skin pigmentation variance, which is not much higher that what we have observed I this study using self-assessed color in Brazilians, a much more complex admixed population with three different ancestral roots. We should also consider that reflectance spectroscopy has a problem of lack of social relevance. When interacting socially, people do not make reflectance measures, but evaluate color according to the whole physical appearance of the individual. All considered, we find that the use of self-assessed color is still the best option for a Brazilian study.
Forensic scientists have been discussing the possibility of using genotypes at “color loci” to predict the pigmentation phenotypic features of perpetrators of felonies using DNA left in crime scenes , . It would appear that independently of whether one uses skin reflectance or self-assessed color, this might not be a reliable forensic procedure in admixed populations, such as Cape Verde or Brazil.
In conclusion, in this study we could observe significant association of self-assessed color categories in Brazilians with genotypes at three genes SLC24A5, SLC45A2 and TYR, which also have been found to be associated with skin color in other populations. Moreover, we used partial regression analysis to eliminate the confounding biogeographical ancestry as a covariate. We believe that this is novel and effective way to achieve genomic control for association studies in Brazilians. We also observed that neither genotypes at SNPs in the SLC24A5, SLC45A2 and TYR loci, nor their combination with biogeographical ancestry in principal component analysis could predict self-assessed color in Brazilians at an individual level. However, significant correlations did emerge at group level, demonstrating that even though elements other than skin, eye and hair pigmentation influence self-assessed color in Brazilians, the sociological act of color self-classification is still substantially dependent of genotype at these four SNPs.
The Research Ethics Committee of the Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) approved in 2005 the protocol of this study, as part of a pharmacogenetic project, as well as the written informed consent form. In 2008 the same ethics Committee approved the enlargement of the study to its present format and carried forward the approval of the written informed consent form. The samples were anonymized after collection. Some of the DNA samples of the present study were analyzed in previous publication , , .
The use of the samples from the Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology of the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo in 1997 and 2004, respectively, received the approvals CAPPesq 173/1997 and CAPPesq 543/2004 including the written Informed Consent form. The samples also were anonymized after collection. The individuals of the present study are a subset of a larger sample described in two previous studies , .
We studied 455 unrelated Brazilians from two large cities (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) in the Southeast of Brazil as described in detail below. Color assignation was obtained by self-assessment in answer to the closed question “What is your color/race?” as done in the Brazilian census by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). All subjects of this study described themselves as White, Brown or Black (in Portuguese, respectively, “Branco”, “Pardo” and “Preto”). These three color categories encompass 99.1% of the Brazilian population. No subjects in the study were self-classified as Indian (“Indígena”), Yellow (“Amarelo”) or did not declare a color (“Sem declaração”).
The INCA sample was made up of 243 unrelated, healthy individuals, all collected from blood donors, personnel and research students at the Instituto Nacional do Cancer (INCA). The enrolled individuals, were randomly chosen from within each color category, were self-identified as Whites (n = 82), Browns (n = 80) or Blacks (n = 81).
The São Paulo sample was made up of 212 unrelated healthy volunteer blood donors of the city of São Paulo collected as previously described by Bydlowski et al . Besides self-classification, these individuals were also evaluated by phenotypic and genealogical criteria as follows: subjects were asked about their color group and those of their parents and grand-parents, according to their own definition, according to Census criteria. Phenotype analysis (facial characteristic and skin pigmentation in the axilla, a body region not exposed to the sun) was performed by the interviewer. In all cases there was concordance between the self-assessment and the phenotypic and genealogical criteria. Because of sample limitations, for this study we chose randomly only subjects who self-classified in one of two groups: Whites (n = 106) and Blacks (n = 106).
After analysis of human genetic variants associated with pigmentation of skin or eyes and tanning response, we selected for this study 15 SNPs, within nine different loci: rs1015362 (ASIP) , ; rs6058017 (ASIP) , ; rs12913832 (HERC2) , ; rs642742 (KITLG) ; rs1800401 (OCA2) , ; rs1800407 (OCA2) , ; rs12896399 (SLC24A4) , ; rs1426654 (SLC24A5) , ; rs2555364 (SLC24A5) , ; rs26722 (SLC45A2) , ; rs16891982 (SLC45A2) , ; rs1042602 (TYR) , ; rs1126809 (TYR) , ; rs1408799 (TYRP1) , and rs2733832 (TYRP1) , .
The chosen SNPs were genotyped using the real-time PCR TaqMan assay utilizing two differentially fluorescently labeled probes that permitted the detection of both alleles in a single reaction (Applied Biosystems INC, Foster City, CA, USA). The PCR primers and Taqman probes had been previously developed at Applied Biosystems and are listed in Supplementary Table S1 for each SNP studied. Assays were performed on an ABI 7900 HT Fast PCR Real Time System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), and the genotype assignments were conducted using the TaqMan™ Genotyper Software, in a 384-well format and using manufacturer's instructions.
The classification accuracy of each TaqMan assay was validated by cycle sequencing (forward and reverse) of PCR fragments containing the polymorphisms studied using the DYEnamicTM ET Dye Terminator Kit, (GE Healthcare) standard procedure and a MegaBACE™ 1000 sequencer (GE Healthcare). After the run in the MegaBACE sequencer, the electrofluorograms were visualized using Sequencher™ v 4.1.4 (Gene Codes Corporation, Ann Arbor, USA).
To estimate the relative proportion of Amerindian, European, and Sub-Saharan African ancestry for each sample from São Paulo we genotyped each sample using the following panel of 40-biallelic short insertion/deletion polymorphisms (indels): MID-1 (rs3917), MID-15 (rs4181), MID-17 (rs4183), MID-51 (rs16343), MID-89 (rs16381), MID-107 (rs16394), MID-131 (rs16415), MID-132 (rs16416), MID-150 (rs16430), MID-159 (rs16438), MID-170 (rs16448), MID-258 (rs16695), MID-278 (rs16715), MID-420 (rs140709), MID-444 (rs140733), MID-468 (rs140757), MID-470 (rs140759), MID-663 (rs1305047), MID-788 (rs1610874), MID-857 (rs1610942), MID-914 (rs1610997), MID-918 (rs1611001), MID-1002 (rs1611084), MID-1092 (rs2067180), MID-1100 (rs2067188), MID-1129 (rs2067217), MID-1291 (rs2067373), MID-1352 (rs2307548), MID-1428 (rs2307624), MID-1537 (rs2307733), MID-1549 (rs2307745), MID-1586 (rs2307782), MID-1642 (rs2307838), MID-1654 (rs2307850), MID-1759 (rs2307955), MID-1763 (rs2307959), MID-1847 (rs2308043), MID-1861 (rs2308057), MID-1943 (rs2308135) and MID-1952 (rs2308144). In this list, The MID number relates to the nomenclature of Weber et al. and the rs numbers relate to dbSNP (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/).
This set of 40 indels had been previously validated as useful in ancestry estimation through the study of the HGDP-CEPH Diversity Panel, which is composed of 1,064 individuals from 52 different worldwide populations distributed in seven geographical regions . The individual results have been deposited in the CEPH Genotype Database (http://www.cephb.fr/en/hgdp/main.php), from where they are available. The multiplex PCR assays and analysis of the indels were performed in an ABI 3130 Fluorescent Automatic Sequencer and analyzed using the Sequencher™ software (Gene Codes Corporation, Ann Arbor, USA).
To estimate the ancestry proportions from the indel genotyping results we used the Structure software . This software uses multilocal genotypes to infer the structure of each population and to allocate probabilistically the proportion of genomic ancestry of individuals in different populations. As parameters we assumed the admixture model, correlated allele frequencies and used 100,000 burn-in steps followed by 900,000 Markov Chain Monte Carlo iterations. We used for reference populations, 158 Europeans, 125 Sub-Saharan Africans and 107 Amerindians of the HGDP-CEPH Diversity Panel, which had been typed as part of our previous studies with the same set of 40 indels .
The relative proportions of Amerindian, European and Sub-Saharan African biogeographical ancestries of the samples from Rio de Janeiro had previously been estimated .
The regression analysis was performed to study the association of each polymorphism with self-classified skin color categories, the phenotype was numerically fixed as dependent variable, the genotypic data were fixed as independent variables and the ancestry values were fixed as covariates. Initially we made a numerical linear regression using Golden Helix SNP and Variation Suite software (SVS Version 7.2.2, (Golden Helix Inc., Bozeman, MT, USA). In addition, a partial regression model (from the same package) called Reduced x Full model was used with a type I error α of 5%, considering the Bonferroni correction. We introduced individual ancestry as a covariate in this last model in order to control spurious associations that may be the result of differences in the ancestral proportions (admixture). When the results (P values) of the two models were compared to determine which loci remain associated with the phenotype even after the correction for covariates (ancestry). For all SNPs numerical regression analyses were performed considering three genetic models: additive, dominant and recessive. The statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. P values were corrected by the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons tests.
File includes Tables S1–S4. Table S1: SNPs used in this study. Table S2: Estimative of allele frequencies and their standard errors for each SNP in each self-classified color category. Table S3: P values for association (after Bonferroni correction) using 15 SNPs related with pigmentation and self-assessed color in unrelated Brazilians from Rio de Janeiro under three models. Table S4: Locus SLC24A5: rs2555364-rs1426654 haplotype frequencies in the Rio de Janeiro population sample according to self-assessed color group.
We are grateful to Neusa Antunes Rodrigues, who provided expert technical assistance and Fabrício Rodrigues dos Santos, whose help in real-time PCR was instrumental in this project. This work was supported by grants from the following Brazilian agencies: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG).
Conceived and designed the experiments: DFD SDJP. Performed the experiments: DFD. Analyzed the data: DFD TRM SDJP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SPB MHH GSK SDJP. Wrote the paper: DFD SDJP.
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23. Cheng KC, Canfield VA (2006) The role of SLC24A5 in skin color. Exp Dermatol 15(10): 836–838.
24. Ginger RS, Askew SE, Ogborne RM, Wilson S, Ferdinando D, et al. (2008) SLC24A5 encodes a trans-Golgi network protein with potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchange activity that regulates human epidermal melanogenesis. J Biol Chem 283(9): 5486–5495.
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27. Inagaki K, Suzuki T, Ito S, Suzuki N, Adachi K, et al. (2006) Oculocutaneous albinism type 4: six novel mutations in the membrane-associated transporter protein gene and their phenotypes. Pigment Cell Res 19(5): 451–453.
28. Norton HL, Kittles RA, Parra E, McKeigue P, Mao X, et al. (2007) Genetic evidence for the convergent evolution of light skin in Europeans and East Asians. Mol Biol Evol 24(3): 710–722.
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31. Rosenberg NA (2004) Distruct: a program for the graphical display of population structure. Mol Ecol 4: 137–138.
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33. Bastos JL, Peres MA, Peres KG, Dumith SC, Gigante DP (2008) Socioeconomic differences between self- and interviewer- classifi cation of color/race. 42. Rev Saude Publica 42(2): 324–334.
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35. Tully G (2007) Genotype versus phenotype: human pigmentation. Forensic Sci Int Genet 1(2): 105–110.
36. Suarez-Kurtz G, Perini JA, Bastos-Rodrigues L, Pena SDJ, Scruchiner C (2007) Impact of population admixture on the distribution of the CYP3A5*3 polymorfism. Pharmacogenomics 8(10): 1299–1306.
37. Suarez-Kurtz G, Vargens D, Scruchiner CJ, Bastos-Rodrigues L, Pena SDJ (2007) Self-reported skin color, genomic, ancestry and the distribution of GST polymorphisms. Pharmacogenetic and Genomics 17(9): 765–772.
38. Bydlowski SP, De Moura-Neto RS, Soares RP, Silva R, Debes-Bravo AA, et al. (2003) Genetic data on 12 STRs: (F13A01, F13B, FESFPS, LPL, CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, vWA, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818) from four ethnic groups of São Paulo, Brazil. Forensic Sci Int 135(1): 67–71.
39. Nan H, Kraft P, Qureshi AA, Guo Q, Chen C, et al. (2009) Genome-Wide Association Study of Tanning Phenotype in a Population of European Ancestry. J Invest Dermatol 129(9): 2250–2257.
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41. Spichenok O, Budimlija ZM, Mitchell AA, Jenny A, Kovacevic L, et al. (2011) Prediction of eye and skin color in diverse populations using seven SNPs. Forensic Sci Int Genet 5(5): 472–478.
42. Beleza S, McEvoy AM dos SB, Alves I, Martinho C, Cameron E, et al. (2012) The timing of pigmentation lightening in Europeans. Molecular biology and evolution. Mol Biol Evol 30(1): 24–35.
43. Branicki W, Brudnik U, Wojas-Pelc A (2009) Interactions between HERC2, OCA2 and MC1R may influence human pigmentation phenotype. Ann Hum Genet 73(2): 160–170.
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48. Valenzuela RK, Ito S, Wakamatsu K (2011) Prediction Model Validation: Normal Human Pigmentation Variation. J Forensic Res 2: 1–12.
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51. R Core Team (2013) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria (Ed.). http://www.r-project.org. | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0083926 |
Spanish 3 builds on the skills students have developed in Spanish 1 and 2, and is a Pre-AP course. Semester 1 will begin with a review of Spanish 1 and 2 skills, including strategies for reading and comprehending Spanish texts. As the year progresses, students will continue to develop their vocabulary through the use of varied listening, speaking, reading and writing activities. Each of the ten units will incorporate at least one of the six AP Themes outlined by the College Board: Beauty and Aesthetics, Global Challenges, Families and Communities, Personal and Public Identities, Science and Technology, and Contemporary Life. Students will participate in discussions related to cultural topics and other course material, complete written and speaking activities, listen to authentic Spanish audio and video files, practice reading authentic and relevant materials and engage in collaborative projects. All vocabulary units and student projects directly correspond to the aforementioned themes. Throughout the course, students will gain insight into Spanish and Hispanic cultures and discuss relevant and engaging subject matters.
Grammatically, Semester 1 focuses on the preterite and imperfect tenses, ser v. estar, pronouns, commands, the present subjunctive, the pluperfect, and present participles. Semester 2 will focus on subjunctive v. indicative, the future, the future perfect, pero v. sino, the imperfect subjunctive, and the conditional. Students will actively compare and contrast these grammar concepts to related English grammar concepts. Throughout the year, students will additionally be presented with previously learned grammar concepts to ensure concept mastery.
Prerequisites
Spanish 1 & Spanish 2.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, students will be able to…
• …ask and respond to questions and exchange opinions regarding relevant subject matter.
• …identify the important elements of class reading and discuss, analyze and share reactions to authentic literary texts.
• …discuss personal feelings and ideas in order to suggest possible solutions to a problem or persuade someone to consider an alternate viewpoint.
• …use grammar previously learned in Spanish 1 and 2 accurately and use the Subjunctive Mood effectively.
• …identify patterns of social behavior, social norms, customs, holidays, and traditions in the Spanish and Hispanic culture and give presentations on relevant cultural topic.
• …identify important historical figures and summarize significant historical events that have impacted Spanish or Hispanic communities.
• …write simple paragraphs, letters, e-mails, journals, stories and short essays in the Spanish.
Additional Requirements
Please note: This course requires use of flash to access some course content, which will require regular access to a computer with a Windows/Mac operating system or Chromebook. This part of the course cannot be completed on a mobile device, and will require Flash to be
enabled
.
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Details
Discipline:
World Language
Level:
Standard
Grade:
12, 13, 9, 10, 11
Program:
High School
When Offered:
F18, SP19, F19, SP20
Duration:
35 weeks
OTM Course:
No
Media Kit Shipped:
No
Media Kit Purchased:
No
Course Code:
MA NCES Code:
06103
Accredited: | https://my.vhslearning.org/PublicCourseDescription.aspx?c=566 |
There are many distinct sorts of study paper. In a fundamental research paper you present a hypothesis, collect pertinent facts from several pros and analyze those details to show that your theory is the right one.
Argumentative (Argumentative) Research Papers. These are papers which deal with a particular argument. They may analyze and compare various points of view in an issue, attempt to encourage a hypothesis, provide evidence, assert against a theory, or supply proof to support a point of perspective. These documents may not use specific statistics or statistics.
Comparison and Contrast Research Papers. The objective of this sort of paper is to contrast and compare data from several sources, especially when the data come from various people and places. A fantastic example https://www.paperwritings.com/ of a comparison and contrast paper could be contrasting and comparing the earnings of two families. Besides contrasting and comparing the information, the paper will also compare and contrast the income tax recordings of two families.
Most of the basic research papers will probably be quite short. However, as the student matures they’ll end up interested in more, more detailed documents. These will usually be based around a debate and provide some supporting evidence. The length of the papers is generally between 500 and 800 pages in length. The duration of these papers will depend upon the length of the subject and the kind of paper that the student is undertaking.
There are several different kinds of research subjects which can be researched using the above mentioned method. One such topic is a historic study of some component of human history. You may explore various types of food and drink, different types of animals, different historical periods etc. There are many different areas you could study utilizing the above methods that there is sure to be a subject that interests you.
It’s necessary to get as much info as possible about any subject that you want on exploring. You might choose to employ a mentor to take notes or use a study software application to document exactly what you study and update later.
Although it might take some time to do research with the aforementioned method, it is well worth the effort because it will help you in several diverse ways. For instance, if you’re searching for a particular bit of information you’ll be able to take advantage of this information to search for it.
If you want to know more about various distinct kinds of creatures then you are able to use this data in your future research. There is a plethora of information accessible for free online but you may not be aware of it if you do not do a lot of research.
When you get started on your project, you’ll shortly learn it can be quite rewarding and help you in various different ways. You will also discover that it is very simple to find the perfect type of information. | https://www.adaicbio.com/2021/11/22/how-to-research-papers/ |
The program provides candidates with the knowledge of the components of career development programs and provides them with opportunities to develop, implement and evaluate such programs in schools.
Factors to Consider
1. Primary course to address key elements in Standard 20:
All objectives of Coun 220, Seminar in Career Development Theory, address the factors to consider for Standard 20. The objectives of this course are listed below and the key content areas that address the factors to consider are underlined.
Coun 220:
One of its course objectives specifies that school counseling students will develop and evaluate a career development program or intervention targeted to address the needs of elementary and high school students. In order to meet this objective, candidates will incorporate the development and evaluation of a career development program in their final paper and presentation.
Objective 1: Compare and contrast major career development and decision-making theories and models.
Objective 2: Identify social, economic, and political trends that affect career development services in business, industry, education, agency, and private settings.
Objective 3: Relate career development counseling and cultural value systems to diverse populations and groups, e.g. re-entry students, racial, ethnic and gender minorities, disabled and gay/lesbian clients.
Objective 4: Develop an historical/philosophical perspective on the career counseling field.
Objective 5: Describe effective techniques for providing educational counseling to students and families about academic and career decisions, including the development of career development curriculum and academic planning.
Objective 6: Identify appropriate research and evaluation methods in career development.
Objective 7: Apply ethical and legal procedures when using career development counseling and theory.
Objective 8: Examine career counseling strategies and methods.
Objective 9: Identify the variety of computer-based and noncomputer based career resources.
Objective 10: Identify and become knowledgeable of the various assessment instruments and techniques used in the career counseling field.
Assignments: CareerA
2. Experience with career development and counseling
Coun 220 exposes candidates to the knowledge and experience of career development and career counseling by requiring the following activities:
Assignment:
- Quiz – 25 multiple choice questions on textbook chapters on career counseling
- Assessment Review and Role Play
Each student will have the opportunity to complete a career assessment (the Self-Directed Search) and counsel a client, using information from his/her summary code.
- Final Paper And Presentation
This assignment will require students to: (a) Research a career related issue (b) Develop a brief intervention for the targeted group they have chosen to research.
3. Organize and implement career & vocational development programs
Besides one-on-one career counseling, candidates are also engaged in activities that involve organizing and implementing career and vocational development programs:
Coun 220:
Assignment: Final Paper
i. Clearly state a current career issue of interest.
ii. Identify how this issue relate to the needs of elementary and high school students
iii. Locate and read current literature (at least 3 different sources and within the past 6 years) that relates to the chosen topic.
The paper will address:
- one recommendation made by the authors for each study
- a brief intervention that candidates would use in their practice to address the issue as it relates to your target group.
Summarize the objectives and content of this workshop in this part of your paper.
Coun 249: Objective 6: Apply the principles of career planning with individual students or groups of students in a career planning program in an approved school setting. | https://kremen.fresnostate.edu/about/cctc2014/counseling/counseling-standard20.html |
Nelson Mandela primary resource
This history primary resource introduces children to one of the world’s most famous human rights activists, Nelson Mandela. Discover how Nelson dedicated his life to the struggle against racism and discrimination. How did Nelson strive for equality? When and why was he arrested? What awards did Nelson Mandela receive? How is he remembered?
Pupils will learn about the key events of Nelson Mandela’s life, and how he helped change the lives of millions of South Africans, in our National Geographic Kids’ History primary resource sheet.
Download the resource at the bottom of this page, together with a stimulus sheet featuring ideas for study group tasks and classroom activities!
N.B. The following information for mapping the resource documents to the school curriculum is specifically tailored to the English National Curriculum and Scottish Curriculum for Excellence. We are currently working to bring specifically tailored curriculum resource links for our other territories; including South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. If you have any queries about our upcoming curriculum resource links, please email: [email protected]
This History primary resource assists with teaching the following History objectives from the National Curriculum:
- Gain historical perspective by placing their growing knowledge into different contexts, understanding the connections between local, regional, national and international history; between cultural, economic, military, political, religious and social history; and between short- and long-term timescales.
National Curriculum Key Stage 1 History objective:
- Pupils should be taught: the lives of significant individuals in the past who have contributed to national and international achievements. Some should be used to compare aspects of life in different periods [for example, Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria, Christopher Columbus and Neil Armstrong, William Caxton and Tim Berners-Lee, Pieter Bruegel the Elder and LS Lowry, Rosa Parks and Emily Davison, Mary Seacole and/or Florence Nightingale and Edith Cavell]
This History primary resource assists with teaching the following Social Studies Second level objective from the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence:
- I can discuss why people and events from a particular time in the past were important, placing them within a historical sequence
- I can compare and contrast a society in the past with my own and contribute to a discussion of the similarities and differences
This British values primary resource assists with promoting fundamental British values as part of SMSC (spiritual, moral, social and cultural development) in schools using the following OFSTED assessment criteria:
Through their provision of SMSC, schools should:
- Enable students to develop their self-knowledge, self-esteem and self-confidence;
- Enable students to distinguish right from wrong and to respect the civil and criminal law of England;
- Encourage students to accept responsibility for their behaviour, show initiative, and to understand how they can contribute positively to the lives of those living and working in the locality of the school and to society more widely;
- Further tolerance and harmony between different cultural traditions by enabling students to acquire an appreciation of and respect for their own and other cultures;
- Encourage respect for other people
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Thanks for registering, you’re now free to explore our site. | https://www.natgeokids.com/za/primary-resource/nelson-mandela-primary-resource/ |
Synopsis:
In this curriculum unit, third graders will be engaged in different activities that teach them about a few countries in Africa. The students will be able to compare and contrast themselves to African children. Throughout the unit, the students will compose a book of facts on Africa. The facts will come from the completion of the different activities throughout the unit. By the end of the unit, they will create a good or service that can be used in a country in Africa. The purpose of the unit is to incorporate African literature into the Language Arts class. The activities can be used throughout the school year or consecutively within a few weeks. | https://charlotteteachers.org/2016/02/exploring-africa-through-reading/ |
The development of contemporary coastal infrastructure is nowadays dictated by the need for economical and environmental sustainability, which can however be provided by the combination of breakwaters and Wave Energy Converters (WEC). The latter convert wave energy to electricity, whilst previous research has shown that they can also enhance the protective roll of coastal structures such as rubble mound breakwaters and vertical seawalls. Such WECs can in theory provide sufficient energy to partly cover the needs of small communities and although retrofitting solutions for vertical seawalls have been proposed no solution is yet available for rubble mound structures. A following this an overview of previous research efforts is reported here along with an ongoing experimental effort aiming on the development and optimisation of a retrofitting solution for rubble mound breakwaters. It is envisage that such a structure will convert wave energy to electricity and in the same time it will reduce run-up and overtopping. | https://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/innovative-seawalls-and-rubble-mound-breakwater-design-for-wave-e |
Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
The increasing energy demand, the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the shrinking reserves of fossil fuels have all enhanced the interest in sustainable and renewable energy sources, including wave energy. Many concepts for wave power conversion have been invented. In order to extract a considerable amount of wave power, single Wave Energy Converters (abbreviated as WECs) will have to be arranged in arrays or ‘farms’ using a particular geometrical layout, comprising large numbers of devices. As a result of the interaction between the WECs within a farm, the overall power absorption is affected. In general, the incident waves are partly reflected, transmitted and absorbed by a single WEC. Also, the wave height behind a large farm of WECs is reduced and this reduction may influence neighbouring farms, other users in the sea or even the coastline (wake effects of a WEC farm). The numerical wave propagation model MILDwave has been recently used to study wake effects and energy absorption of farms of WECs, though without taking into account wave regeneration by wind in the lee of the WEC-farm which can be significant in large distances downwave the WECs. In this paper, the implementation of wave growth due to wind in the hyperbolic mild-slope equations of the wave propagation model, MILDwave is described. Several formulations for the energy input from wind found in literature are considered and implemented. The performance of these formulations in MILDwave is investigated and validated. The modified model MILDwave is then applied for the investigation of the influence of the wind on the wakes in the lee of a farm of wave energy converters.
Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and
Association With Material Stature
Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early
dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal
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Wave energy has the potential to power significant portions of economies around the world. Standard International Electrotechnical Commission methods for determining wave energy quantifies the gross wave resource available in the ocean, yet a significant portion of this resource is not usable by specific wave energy converters (WECs). This can provide a misleading assessment of the spatiotemporal opportunities for wave energy in deployment locations. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new technique to assess potential wave power from a device point of view that is generally applicable across WEC sizes. To address this challenge, a novel net power assessment methodology is proposed, which implements Budal’s upper bound (which describes the power available to a WEC based on its stroke), the radiation power limit (which describes the maximum radiation-based amount of wave power a WEC can absorb), and total gross incident wave power as absorbable power upper bounds. Spatiotemporal opportunities for WECs were re-evaluated based on this new technique. Numerical simulations were conducted to quantify the net wave resource available for different sized WECs (1, 2, 5, 10) at five different ocean sites in the U.S. based on wave data. The simulation results show the predicted potential wave power through the net power assessment for a 5 m device is 0.8% of the International Electrotechnical Commission assessment results at PacWave, Oregon. For the monthly average power, the results show PacWave has the most energetic wave resource (up to 406 kW in January) and WETS, Hawaii, has the steadiest wave power available (maximum COV of 0.8) among the sites. Regarding the size of the devices, results show that larger devices (e.g., 10 m) have better performance in terms of both magnitude and steadiness of power available at WETS and Los Angeles, California. Finally, the wave power potential of different sized WECs at varying locations was compared at a 3-h resolution. The maximum instantaneous power available for a 1 and 10 m device at PacWave throughout the time period was 47.8 and 3.52 × 103 kW, respectively.
Publication Title
Energies
Recommended Citation
Dunkle, G.,
Zou, S.,
&
Robertson, B.
(2022).
Wave Resource Assessments: Spatiotemporal Impacts of WEC Size and Wave Spectra on Power Conversion.
Energies,
15(3). | https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/16538/ |
Ocean wave energy is one of the sustainable energy sources which continues to attract increasing research interests. Traditionally, the model-based controls of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) are derived from the linear hydrodynamics. Although showing promising performance, in practice, the actual electricity produced is significantly lower than predicted. On the other hand, it is extremely cumbersome to derive a model-based control from very complex dynamics. In this paper, a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) control is proposed which is model-free and therefore makes it possible to be designed from a global point of view. To validate the performance of the control, a point absorber WEC with a direct-drive power take-off (PTO) unit is simulated. The results show the proposed DRL control outperforms the model-based controls in terms of wave power production (improved from 24% up to 152%). Furthermore, the results show the DRL control achieves the best power quality in terms of the operation efficiency and power variation (improved from 23% up to 84%). Finally, the performance of different controls is further validated with real ocean conditions (at PacWave) and the DRL can consistently shows the best performance in terms of both power production and power quality.
Publication Title
Ocean Engineering
Recommended Citation
Zou, S.,
Zhou, X.,
Khan, I.,
Weaver, W.,
&
Rahman, S.
(2022).
Optimization of the electricity generation of a wave energy converter using deep reinforcement learning.
Ocean Engineering,
244. | https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/15574/ |
The EuropeWave project is inviting wave energy developers to apply for funding via its innovative pre-commercial procurement (PCP) programme. The five-year collaborative programme will see several wave energy projects selected for the first stage of ‘concept development’.
The request for tenders will be open until 1 October 2021. A free-of-charge webinar will be held on 13 July, to provide potential applicants with full details of the call requirements, eligibility conditions and evaluation criteria. An online brokerage tool is also available until 20 July, to facilitation consortia building.
The three-stage process will award R&D service contracts to companies or consortia who are involved in the development of wave energy converters (WECs) and their components. After each stage is completed, the best of the competing solutions will be selected from within the group to progress to the following phase.
Concepts will be assessed according to strict technical and economic performance metrics, and the best performers will be demonstrated in Basque and Scottish open waters at the end of the programme. The programme will focus on the design, development, and demonstration of cost-effective wave energy converter (WEC) systems for electrical power production that can survive in the harsh and unpredictable ocean environment.
EuropeWave is a partnership between Wave Energy Scotland (WES), the Basque Energy Agency (EVE) and Ocean Energy Europe. The project will provide almost €20 million to procure the most promising wave energy technologies from across Europe and beyond. Its PCP model provides a structured approach, fostering greater openness, collaboration and sharing of risk between the public sector and technology developers. | https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newswave-energy-tender-launched-by-europewave-8879424 |
The benefits of the Oceans and Seas have been exploited by societies for many centuries; the marine offshore and naval sectors have been the predominant users of the waters. It has been overlooked until recently, that significant amounts of energy can be harnessed by waves, providing an additional abundant resource for renewable energy generation. The increasing energy needs of current societies have led to the consideration of waves as an exploitable renewable resource. During the past decades, advancements have been made towards commercialising wave energy converters (WECs), though significant knowledge gap exists on the accurate estimation of the potential energy that can be harnessed. In order, to enhance our understanding of opportunities within wave energy highly resolved long-term resource assessment of potential sites are necessary, which will allow for not only a detailed energy estimation methodology but also information on extreme waves that are expected to affect the survivability and reliability of future wave energy converters. This research work aims to contribute the necessary knowledge to the estimation of wave energy resources from both highly energetic and milder sea environment, exhibiting the opportunities that lay within these environments. A numerical model SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore), based on spectral wave formulation has been utilised for wave hindcasting which was driven by high resolution temporal and spatially varying wind data. The capabilities of the model, allow a detailed representation of several coastal areas, which are not usually accurately resolved by larger ocean models. The outcome of this research provides long-term data and characterisation of the wave environment and its extremes for the Scottish region. Moreover, investigation on the applicability of wave energy in the Mediterranean Sea, an area which was often overlooked, showed that wave energy is more versatile than expected. The outcomes provide robust estimations of extreme wave values for coastal waters, alongside valuable information about the usage of numerical modelling and WECs to establish energy pattern production. Several key tuning factors and inputs such as boundary wind conditions and computational domain parameters are tested. This was done in a systematic way in order to establish a customized solution and detect parameters that may hinder the process and lead to erroneous results. The uncertainty of power production by WECs is reduced by the introduction of utilization rates based on the long-term data, which include annual and seasonal variability. This will assist to minimize assumptions for energy estimates and financial returns in business plans. Finally, the importance of continuous improvements in resource assessment is stressed in order to enhance our understanding of the wave environment. | https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/25506 |
The benefits of the Oceans and Seas have been exploited by societies for many centuries; the marine offshore and naval sectors have been the predominant users of the waters. It has been overlooked until recently, that significant amounts of energy can be harnessed by waves, providing an additional abundant resource for renewable energy generation. The increasing energy needs of current societies have led to the consideration of waves as an exploitable renewable resource. During the past decades, advancements have been made towards commercialising wave energy converters (WECs), though significant knowledge gap exists on the accurate estimation of the potential energy that can be harnessed. In order, to enhance our understanding of opportunities within wave energy highly resolved long-term resource assessment of potential sites are necessary, which will allow for not only a detailed energy estimation methodology but also information on extreme waves that are expected to affect the survivability and reliability of future wave energy converters. This research work aims to contribute the necessary knowledge to the estimation of wave energy resources from both highly energetic and milder sea environment, exhibiting the opportunities that lay within these environments. A numerical model SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore), based on spectral wave formulation has been utilised for wave hindcasting which was driven by high resolution temporal and spatially varying wind data. The capabilities of the model, allow a detailed representation of several coastal areas, which are not usually accurately resolved by larger ocean models. The outcome of this research provides long-term data and characterisation of the wave environment and its extremes for the Scottish region. Moreover, investigation on the applicability of wave energy in the Mediterranean Sea, an area which was often overlooked, showed that wave energy is more versatile than expected. The outcomes provide robust estimations of extreme wave values for coastal waters, alongside valuable information about the usage of numerical modelling and WECs to establish energy pattern production. Several key tuning factors and inputs such as boundary wind conditions and computational domain parameters are tested. This was done in a systematic way in order to establish a customized solution and detect parameters that may hinder the process and lead to erroneous results. The uncertainty of power production by WECs is reduced by the introduction of utilization rates based on the long-term data, which include annual and seasonal variability. This will assist to minimize assumptions for energy estimates and financial returns in business plans. Finally, the importance of continuous improvements in resource assessment is stressed in order to enhance our understanding of the wave environment. | https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726584 |
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Visit the Energy Systems Laboratory Homepage.
Guidelines in Wave Energy Conversion System Design
Date2014
MetadataShow full item record
Abstract
This paper presents an investigational study on wave energy converters (WECs). The types of WEC available from the market are studied first. The design considerations for implementing a WEC in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) are then evaluated. There are several different types of devices that can be used to model the system design. Each device type has different attributes that may be helpful or hurtful for the area and wave activity in the GOM. From the evaluation there is a recommendation of the optimal device design conditions, and three device types are recommended for further pursuit as design candidates. Six different WEC projects that are currently being developed and most are ready for commercial testing are examined. The examination evaluates the usefulness of the WECs for the GOM, and provides some factors of both physical and economic scaling. The result of this study reveals that while none of the devices can be installed as is in the GOM because of wave power or geometry requirements, there are some that have the potential to be modified and scaled down to fit the GOM climate.
Collections
Citation
Guiberteau, K. L.; Liu, Y.; Lee, J.; Kozman, T. (2014). Guidelines in Wave Energy Conversion System Design. Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu); Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu). Available electronically from http : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /152202. | https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/152202 |
Sysdig is the secure DevOps company, and we’re at the forefront of the container and Kubernetes revolution. We are passionate, technical problem-solvers, continually innovating and delivering powerful solutions to secure and operate cloud-native applications in production. Our consistent contributions to open source software projects reflect our commitment to the open cloud movement.
We value diversity and open dialog to spur ideas, working closely together to achieve goals. And we're a great place to work too — we were awarded the 2019 Bay Area Best Places to Work Award from San Francisco Business Times and the Silicon Valley Business Journal. We are looking for team members who share our commitment to customers and are willing to dig deeper, understand problems and deliver innovative solutions. Does this sound like the right place for you?
Your Opportunity
As the Sysdig Customer Advocacy and Social Media Specialist, you'll have a big opportunity in front of you. You will be responsible for managing the customer reference program, including case studies, reviews, and other public and private customer stories. You will also own the Sysdig social media channels — Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook — and you will be responsible for writing, planning, scheduling, responding, and measuring social content. Both programs have a huge impact on the company and come with great opportunities for growth.
Your Responsibilities
Customer Advocacy and Storytelling
- Own the customer storytelling program, seeing projects through from identifying customers to project completion, including case studies, webinars, videos, reviews, quote opportunities, press interviews, and analyst conversations. Includes writing stories and guiding video edits.
- Develop and nurture strong working relationships with customer-facing employees, fostering relationships that are mutually beneficial.
- Strategically plan each touchpoint with a customer, nurturing the relationship and making sure they feel well rewarded for their time.
- Drive growth of the third-party customer review program.
Social Media
- Manage the various Sysdig social accounts and calendars with excellent judgement, instincts and a sharp feel for the social media landscape.
- Create engaging posts while working on a tight timeline, in coordination with team members.
- Partner cross-functionally across teams to ensure program alignment, visibility, and digital asset creation.
- Take a data-driven approach to executing social media and reporting on activities, including insights which help shape and drive content moving forward.
Other Responsibilities
- Own the “call for papers” program at Sysdig, including tracking due dates, routing submissions for review, encouraging submissions, and tracking what is accepted.
- Manage association memberships.
- 10-15% travel (when safe to do so).
Your Background
- 4-7 years of marketing experience, including proven track record with customer advocacy programs and/or corporate social media.
- Strong interpersonal skills, including ability to influence people to take action.
- Ability to engage customers in a dialogue about their business and security needs.
- A strong work ethic and the tenacity to stick with long-term projects.
- Outstanding organization skills and a track record of executing with attention to detail in a fast-paced, fluid environment.
- Excellent oral and written communication skills.
- DevOps, Cloud, Kubernetes and/or SaaS security experience is a plus.
When you join Sysdig, you can expect:
- Competitive salary
- Top-notch health insurance coverage
Additionally, we offer a variety of benefits and perks, such as:
- 401k with company matching up to 3%
- Flexible vacation policy, unlimited PTO
- A monthly allowance that can be used for the following types of expenses (Employee wellness, House cleaning services, Home internet, Phone expenses, Office supplies, Office furniture)
Are you ready to join us?
We're excited to receive your application. | https://sysdig.com/jobs/customer-advocacy-and-social-media-specialist-remote-us-3034499/ |
Still deciding if a China Discovery is for you? Many of our travellers have experienced a lifetime changing trip and now more than happy to share their stories with you. Check out their memorable travel trip reviews and experiences in China.
Hello Lily,
Good morning from the UK. Yvonne and I were discussing this after we returned to Beijing. We both felt that your company was the best and most professional, and that we would be writing to let you know. I am very happy to do you a positive review, and I’m sure Yvonne will be too. I’ll do mine later today when I have time to think about it properly. I’m only just recovering from the worst jetlag I’ve ever had ( I think!) I know Yvonne has her grandchildren visiting her in Cyprus, so will be busy, but she’ll get onto this soon too.
Thank you!
Joan
Greetings
Dear RITA
So far so good.
Regards
LORETO
Hi Rita,
Apologize for the late reply. Once we got back, schools had started so we are all busy getting ready and adjusting to the new schedule.
We miss China! We really had an amazing time and can't wait to go back and explore different parts of China.
The one suggestion I have is about the meeting point. Maybe your company can set up a meeting point for each cities ahead of time. You can email it couple days before the customers leave for China. For example, meet the tour guide by gate 12 or meet the tour guide by the West gate, etc. So at least the customers will know what to expect.
Other than that, we think everything was wonderful! The food was great, the transportation was convenient, the guides were nice and knowledgeable.
I will pass on a good review to my friends when they need a tour company.
Hope everything is well with you and your family.
Best regards,
Felicia
Hello Johnson，
We are having a great time In Shangai and visiting Tongli and Suzhou was an highlight for us Mary our guide and the driver are so good and helpful we love them .Tomorrow is our last day in Shangai and we are very very happy with the all over experience plus the hotels were all excellent so thank you very much for a great stay in your country .
Cheers & Regards from Gerard & Maguy
Hello Wing,
Sorry for answering you so late.
Here after the answers to your email:
(1) How do you like our tour arrangements and are you willing to recommend our service to your friends? Yes, we really enjoy the tour and our tour guide
(2) Do you have some suggestions for us to improve our service? we really loved the service and program.
(3) If you come to China again, would you like to use our service again? yes for sure.
kind regards,
Anna
Hi Linda,
Yes we are on the cruise and everything is fine. Frank was very good and helped us all the way through to bag drop off, which was a slow process, there were so many people!
Thank you for a great tour, your guides and drivers are all very good, friendly and helpful.
In particular Summer was amazing and went above and beyond our expectations. She made our trip very special.
Thanks
Julie
Dear Wendy,
Thank you a lot for the extraordinary holiday you made possible.
Everything was good. Great organisation nothing wrongs.
The best well organized holiday we have spent since today by a travel agency and also by ourselves.
China was a surprise for us. So many things to visit and to do!
Interesting sites, good food and local people very kind.
In particular girls and women are very loveable and also very beautiful. Yours men are lucky! :)
We have also appreciate the great love and attention that Chinese people reserve to their babies.
So we are grateful for the great experience in China. We will suggest your travel agency to our friends.
Sincerely,
Daniela
Dear Wonder,
I want toI want to thank you for the perfect organization you've had.
All the guides (and drivers) were very good and very precise.
All contributed to making my trip to China really amazing.
If I had to go back to China, I would certainly write to you and if I had friends who want to visit China I will give them your contects.
Thanks a lot.
Sincerely
ELEONORA
Following are our most popular vacation packages which take you to visit featured destinations, experience authentic Chinese culture at lowest price. You can also contact our travel specialists to DIY a unique tour package for you. | https://www.chinadiscovery.com/review.html?start=568 |
Perth Mint addresses LBMA review
The Perth Mint has suspended relationships with all companies and aggregators dealing with Artisanal Small-scale Mining (ASM) while it co-operates with a review by the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA).
Chief Executive Officer Richard Hayes said the review process has commenced and is well underway.
“The Perth Mint welcomes the review and is co-operating fully with the LBMA. We are confident we are compliant with the responsible gold guidelines set out by the global gold industry’s governing bodies,” Mr Hayes said.
“Our very long-standing accreditation with the LBMA is not in question and we are pleased to have received written confirmation from the LBMA dated 12 June 2020 that “…to date, The Perth Mint has been fully compliant with the LBMA Responsible Sourcing Program.”
The incident review of the Mint’s responsible gold sourcing process and practices is standard procedure in response to any significant issue that is raised.
“We look forward to the outcome of the review and enhancing our practices wherever possible.”
“With the permission of the LBMA we intend for the results of the review to be published,” Mr Hayes continued.
Mr Hayes said The Perth Mint had communicated with its customers following recent media reports to ensure they had the relevant facts.
“I have made it clear that The Perth Mint does not endorse or condone child labour. We have not, and will not, engage with companies which exploit minors for commercial gain.
“In our commitment to boycott conflict gold, we are vigilant in our assessments of the companies from which we source gold and other metals for processing.
“We have turned away numerous refining opportunities where we are not satisfied the mining company meets our expected operating and ESG standards.”
While The Perth Mint’s governing statutory legislation, Gold Corporation Act 1987, prevents it from disclosing information in relation to individual clients, with the permission of Golden Valley Enterprise, it can confirm that all dealings have been with the corporate entity, which has passed the due diligence process and been granted the required permits and export licences by the PNG government.
Mr Hayes also said employees at The Perth Mint have always been, and continue to be, encouraged to report any concerns they may have via a range of whistle blower and independent reporting platforms, including to the relevant regulator.
“At no time have any such reports been received in relation to the issues the subject of recent media reporting. Nevertheless, the issues that have been raised are being treated seriously.”
ENDS
Related News
The Perth Mint is set to sparkle with curated festive offering
The Perth Mint is set to sparkle this festive season, with jewellery, luxury gold and diamond jewellery, limited edition coins and golden gifts as part of its curated Christmas collection.
Perth Mint returns strong profit, record product sales
The Perth Mint has signed off on a challenging 2021-22 with a strong $40.28 million pre-tax profit and significant momentum in the sale of precious metals and minted products that has continued into this financial year. | https://www.perthmint.com/news/media-announcements/corporate/perth-mint-addresses-lbma-review/ |
The role of social media in social work education is slowly expanding as social media infiltrates more of our daily lives. Social workers need to understand these new forms of communication, including the advantages and disadvantages of each platform. One of the best ways to become more familiar with these technologies is to use them for both professional and personal reasons. While clear guidelines and boundaries need to exist for interacting with patients and clients in cyberspace, the role of social media in social work education is only starting to be explored.
Social media provides social work educators a way to connect with colleagues from around the world. Through the use of Twitter or a specialized community on Google+, educators can share information and resources in real-time. In addition, they can collaborate on research projects, presentations and even publications. In the classroom, professors can use Twitter to engage students in real-time, Podcasts to reinforce the topics that are being discussed, and platforms like Storify or Pinterest to teach students how to use different resources to present a coherent story. These platforms also give students the ability to collaborate with classmates and to learn from each other.
To help social work educators and social workers become more familiar with these technologies, we have consolidated websites from around the Internet to create this resource. In addition, we have interviewed social work professors who are currently using social media in their classes in order to provide direct examples of how they use these technologies to further social work education.
If you have additional resources you think should be added, please let us know by using our contact us form.Interview Series on Social Media in Social Work Education: | https://www.onlinemswprograms.com/resources/social-issues/social-media-in-social-work-education/ |
AvaTrade Review 2019 and Technical Opinions
Since being established in Dublin, Ireland in 2006, AvaTrade have made continual progress to the point where they can now be considered a major player in the forex and CFD broker industry. This also means that for the benefit of our community of traders, we will undertake and extensive AvaTrade review to ensure the broker is operating to the highest possible standards.
As with all of our broker reviews, our 2018 AvaTrade review will go in-depth to cover every aspect of the platform, both positive and negative to generate the most comprehensive review possible whilst remaining entirely objective.
PART 1 – AvaTrade Legal Review – Company and Legal Information
In the present climate, it is understandable for many traders to worry about the possibility of a scam occurring. Whilst this is a genuine worry and these types of scams certainly do take place, it is important to note from the outset that AvaTrade appears to be a completely legitimate operation. As of the time of writing our review of AvaTrade, they have been in operation for more than a decade under a variety of strict global regulations.
Is AvaTrade a scam? Is AvaTrade reliable? AvaTrade review and legal opinions
For all intents and purposes, it would appear that AvaTrade is a completely transparent and trustworthy operation. During the course of research for this AvaTrade review, we have found that the broker holds license to operate in a variety of different regions. These include the EU, Japan, Australia, South Africa, and the British Virgin Islands.
In order to operate in such jurisdictions, it is highly necessary to conforms with regulators who impose stringent policies in many cases. This, along with their time of being in operation, and their increasing user base would bring about the conclusion that the company is both reliable and secure.
When I make a deposit to AvaTrade, where does my money go?
When making a deposit with AvaTrade, much like many other high-level brokers, your deposit will be placed in an account with a top-tier bank which is segregated from the AvaTrade Company. These institutions often conduct review of AvaTrade activities to make certain they are in compliance with all regulatory requirements.
Is AvaTrade regulated? AvaTrade Regulations – AvaTrade license opinions
A vital element of any extensive broker review, with this review of AvaTrade being no exception, is to clarify the regulatory bodies to which a broker is accountable. In this AvaTrade review, we can see that they are extremely well regulated on a global scale. These regulatory bodies are among the most secure and effective in the world.
In the EU, AvaTrade is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland, in Australia they are regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), The Financial Services Commission (FSC) in the British Virgin Islands, the Financial Services Board in South Africa, Israel Securities Authority (ISA), and the Financial Services Agency of Japan.
As we can see from a quick review of AvaTrade and their regulators, no corners have been cut to ensure the company are subjected to the most thorough of regulations throughout the world.
How to check the AvaTrade licenses
Checking the company registrations and licensing mentioned above is as simple as clicking on any of these links below dependent of the location which you would like to verify.
- Central Bank of Ireland
- Australian Securities and Investments Commission
- Financial Services Commission (BVI)
- Financial Services Board (South Africa)
- Financial Services Agency of Japan
It is relatively rare, even for major brokers, to be regulated with so many jurisdictions. This is another testament to the transparency we have discovered during the course of this AvaTrade review.
What type of broker is AvaTrade? AvaTrade technical opinions
AvaTrade is a market maker. They are well known in the sector as one of the top market maker style brokers in the industry. This can be advantageous to traders in various ways. One of the key ways is that currency price movements in the forex sector can often be less volatile through a market maker. AvaTrade user reviews often note this as a positive point although it depends on the users trading style and strategy predominantly.
How does AvaTrade profit?
An important point to note on this question in terms of this AvaTrade review is that they are a market maker. This essentially means they can decide their own market spread. This is exactly how AvaTrade make money. They offer slightly wider spreads. That said, these still remain very marginal and the AvaTrade spreads are among the most competitive in the industry.
Where is the legal office of AvaTrade?
Again in this review of AvaTrade, we can see they have multiple offices located worldwide. These have been clearly and transparently declared by the company and are located as follows:
Ireland (Head Office)
Five Lamps Place
Amiens Street,
Dublin 1 Ireland
Japan
Minatoku Akasaka
2-18-1
Tokyo
Australia
Level 13 2 park street
Sydney NSW 2000
South Africa
70 Grayston Drive, second floor
Sandton 2196
Johannesburg
British Virgin Islands
Euro American Trust Building
Tortola,
British Virgin Islands
The above locations are some of the main operating offices for AvaTrade and within the regulatory regions. AvaTrade also has office locations in Italy, France, Spain, Mongolia, China, Chile, and Nigeria.
This scope of presence should continue to inspire a sense of confidence throughout our AvaTrade review that the broker is one of the most respected in the forex world.
- Regulations: AVA Trade EU Ltd regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland (No.C53877); AVA Trade Ltd regulated by the V.I Financial Services Commission; Ava Capital Markets Australia Pty Ltd regulated by ASIC (No.406684); Ava Capital Markets Pty regulated by the South African Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA No.45984); Ava Trade Japan K.K. regulated by the FSA (No.1662) and the FFAJ (No.1574)
- Leverage: 1:30
- Minimum Deposit: AUD $ 100, USD $ 100, £ 100, or € 100
- Platforms: AvaTradeGo (mobile app), MT4, Mac Trading (specifically for Macs), Webtrader
- Headquarters: AVA Trade EU Ltd is headquartered in Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- US Customers: No
- Other instruments: CFDs on indices, stocks, cryptocurrencies, commodities, options, ETFs
PART 2 – AvaTrade Account Opening
In this segment of our AvaTrade review, we will go beneath the surface to analyze all the trade features of the broker. This includes an AvaTrade.com review of the services they provide and an in-depth look at the trading platforms they offer users. These are factors which may prove pivotal when it comes to making you final decision about which forex broker to choose.
AvaTrade demo: how to open a free virtual account
AvaTrade offers a free virtual account in a few easy steps. During the course of this AvaTrade review, we tested this feature and found that the virtual account could be open in as little as 10 minutes by following the on-screen instructions. This account can be used for up to 21 days.
AvaTrade Live: how to open a Live AvaTrade account
A live account is the next natural step up in trading with AvaTrade and can also be open in a few easy steps. You will need to submit the required identification documents as mandated by the regulators of AvaTrade before you begin to trade.
AvaTrade Deposits and Withdrawals – All the options
AvaTrade offers a range of deposit options. .Many of these are instant and fee free. A review of AvaTrade withdrawal processes note that the same options are available for withdrawal with a processing time of up to 5 business days. The deposit and withdrawal options available are as follows:
- Credit/Debit Card (*Canada Excluded)
- Bank Wire Transfer
- Skrill
- Webmoney
- Neteller
In the case of withdrawals, due to anti-money laundering regulations, you may only withdraw using the same method you used to deposit.
AvaTrade minimum deposit
The minimum deposit to begin trading with your AvaTrade account is 100 EUR/GBP/USD/AUD depending upon your region and account type.
AvaTrade Bonus and Offers
An AvaTrade bonus review is not possible since, due to regulatory requirements, the company cannot offer any incentive or bonus is they are to stay compliant within the various regulatory bodies that monitor their operations.
PART 3 – AvaTrade Review- Accounts, Conditions, and Fees
AvaTrade Account Types
AvaTrade keeps things relatively simple when it comes to account types. The company allow for the standard trading account for the majority of users with a minimum deposit of 100 EUR/GBP/USD. Beyond retail users, the company offers a MAM account for professional traders who are managing multiple client accounts.
Benefits of the professional MAM account include compatibility with EA, order placement for an unlimited number of client accounts, and the ability to create multiple sub-trading groups. MAM accounts feature a minimum trade amount of 0.01 lots and are in many cases entitled to slightly improved spreads than those of the standard retail user operating from a regular account.
Commissions, Fees, Spread and Market Trading Hours on AvaTrade
As previously discussed in this review of AvaTrade, the broker make their money from the marginal spread which they charge to the trader and not from any fixed trading fee or commission. The current spread for retail users through AvaTrade is generally between 1-3 pips within major markets, and slightly less for professional high-volume traders. This is in-line with many other major broker offerings in the marketplace.
What can you do with AvaTrade? AvaTrade features opinions
Through conducting this AvaTrade review, it has become clear that the broker possesses a diverse range of features and options for traders beyond what is usually standard. Traders have the option of up to 8 different trading platforms including automated trading powered by Zulutrade.
Beyond this, the company offers a vast range of trading instruments across a number of markets. These include CFD, options and cryptocurrency trading as well as a range of both major and minor currency pairs for forex trading.
AvaTrade Leverage – What it the highest leverage AvaTrade offers?
The maximum leverage offered by AvaTrade is 30:1 on any markets. This is due to the recent introduction of new legislation which limits the amount of leverage a broker can offer. The company offers leverage of 30:1 on some major currency pairs, 20:1 on many minor currency pairings, down to a leverage of 2:1 on cryptocurrency trading.
AvaTrade Forex Trading
AvaTrade is primarily known as a forex broker and so, as expected, they offer an extensive range of currency pairs to choose from for prospective forex traders. These include all major pairs and a collection of minor currency pairs together with some exotic. In total, they offer trading in more than 50 different currency pairs. This should be enough to ensure AvaTrade user reviews remain as positive as they have been to date.
AvaTrade Cryptocurrencies
In line with current market trends, AvaTrade does offer trading in a range of cryptocurrency markets. AvaTrade Bitcoin reviews have always been very positive since they offer such competitive swap rates and a leverage of up to 2:1 on Bitcoin, Bitcoin Gold, and Bitcoin Cash markets.
From a full review of AvaTrades cryptocurrency offering, we can see that they also offer trading on other major cryptocurrencies, namely, Ripple, Litecoin, and Ethereum.
AvaTrade CFD
Throughout this AvaTrade review, we have noted that the company offer extensive trading in a range of CFD markets. These CFDs are within the bonds, stocks, indices, commodities and ETF markets.
CFDs are tradable through the regular trading platforms offered by the company or users can also opt to avail of the automated trade services and follow expert traders and signals in partnership with ZuluTrade.
AvaTrade Islamic Account
Yes. We have noted during this AvaTrade review that the broker does offer an Islamic account which is interest free for its Muslim traders in accordance with Sharia law.
PART 4 – AvaTrade Trading Platforms Review
AvaTrade Trading Platform Review
Metatrader 4 is the main trading platform offered by AvaTrade. This is one of the most highly respected and used platforms in the industry and has been for over a decade. As well as being available in its standard form, AvaTrade also uses MT4 to power much of its mobile and web-based trading.
The broker also offers its AvaTrade Go platform for mobile trading on both Android and iOS powered devices. A deeper look at the AvaTrade Go reviews from users would indicate that they are largely pleased with the performance of the app. The AvaOptions platform is also available for options trading through the broker. Here is a more in-depth look at the available platforms:
Desktop Trading Platforms
For desktop trading, AvaTrade have a couple of options available. One is Metatrader 4, the other being the AvaOptions proprietary platform. With MT4 you get a very intuitive and powerful platform with all the features that traders have come to know and love over the years, these include hundreds of indicators for professional analytics, the ability to create your own custom indicators and implement your own APIs, as well as the usual top-quality visuals and chart placements which have made MT4 such an instinctive platform for traders to use over the years.
The AvaTrade MT4 platform also features automated trading through the EA feature, and more than 30 unique advanced charting tools which can also store historical charting data for future reference. MT4 is also offered through AvaTrade for both powerful web and mobile trading.
Moving on to the proprietary AvaTrade platform, this offers a range of forex options across more than 30 markets. The platform features options with a wide range of expiration times in a layout which is not visually astounding but highly-functional. Within this platform users can track the various markets of their choosing, having access to all of the option expiry dates, historical data, graphs, and analytical tools they require for trading.
Web Trading Platforms
For web trading, AvaTrade again employs the use of Metatrader 4. This is a highly efficient platform which is clearly and concisely laid out in much the same productive manner as the desktop version. Through this account you still have access to the full range of charting and analytical tools and follow the same fast ordering process.
The interface is rudimentary and doesn’t visually stimulate the user, but the functions are efficient and relatively easy to understand for new users. Given that every display from charting to markets, and beyond is customizable in its positioning, you also have the opportunity to set the screen up in very much your own desired manner.
With this trading platform, ordering is usually done through a few clicks where you can choose your execution type in the order dialog box, although one-click trading can also be enabled to expedite the process for more experienced users.
Mobile Trading Platforms
AvaTradeGO is the main platform which the broker uses to facilitate mobile trading. This platform excels in being both visually appealing and user friendly. The app is highly intuitive and features the ability to engage in touch trading from the home screen as well as to easily view your open positions and chart all of the major markets with a variety of easy to use indicators and professional tools. The app itself is very user friendly and engages a unique market trends feature which allows users to easily follow social trends from the community whilst on the go. The platform is available in a total of 14 languages and features a total of more than 250 trading instruments.
AvaTrade’s Copy Trading Features
AvaTrade enables copy trading through its partnerships with two of the worlds most respected copy trading platforms. Those are Zulutrade and Duplitrade. These partnerships allow AvaTrade to offer users the very best in terms of copy trading from expert traders and the most up to date and insightful signals service on the market. AvaTrade signals reviews are carried out regularly by the broker to ensure the service is as high quality as can be offered to traders within the community.
Can I use Metatrader with AvaTrade?
Yes. Earlier in this AvaTrade review, we discussed how the brokers trading platform are largely powered by the popular and top quality Metatrader 4, one of the most respected trading platforms in the industry.
AvaTrade tutorial: Where to find the best AvaTrade Guides
Ultimately, this AvaTrade review will serve as the foundation for your learning journey with the broker, however, as you progress, the AvaTrade website has a range of educational information which we have discussed in the previous section. If you can combine that information with some of our helpful guides to trading, you will be well on the path to success with AvaTrade or other major forex trading brokers.
PART 5 – Support, Research, and Educational Material
AvaTrade Customer Support
AvaTrade customer service reviews from other traders have been largely positive and this is due to the comprehensive nature of customer service which the company provides to its growing community of users.
The AvaTrade customer support team offers localized and multilingual support on a 24/5 basis by telephone and users can also contact them be email, social media channels, or through the websites all-encompassing live chat feature.
The localization of the customer support network to include offices and staff member from AvaTrade around the globe is particularly helpful. This ensures that traders are not needlessly increasing their costs to access customer support outside their local regions.
Research
From a research standpoint, the broker does a lot to facilitate the best opportunities for its traders. This means they typically engage in weekly market analysis which is then published within the brokers SharpTrader section. This analysis takes the form of both technical and fundamental analysis of major markets. Up to date news is also provided on everything of note which is happening within the financial sector.
Beyond this, the broker engages the use of Autochartist which is integrated with its MT4 platforms. This is award-winning software which charts the markets continuously in an automated fashion. This provides technical analysis to traders within the market on a regular basis when an opportunity arises. This key pattern recognition and TA saves a great deal of time and resources on behalf of new and experienced traders alike.
AvaTrade Trading Educational Support
AvaTrade offers a premium quality level of educational support for new traders and the opportunity for even seasoned traders to continue learning through their dedicated Sharp Trading website. This forms the basis of the educational support offered by the company which includes video guides, e-books, seminars, economic indicators and more. These economic tool and learning guides can be of vital importance, especially when you first begin to engage in forex and CFD trading.
Some of our extensive trading guides make for an excellent accompaniment to the AvaTrade educational model to help further your knowledge and understanding in a range of other areas.
PART 6 – Final thoughts and opinions on AvaTrade
Now that we have completed our extensive 2018 AvaTrade review, we will offer a summary of the brokers offering and our own unbiased opinions based on what the broker has to offer in comparison with other major brokers in the sector. Being one of the major brokers in the industry and servicing over 200,000 customers worldwide already lends positively toward core values and service offered by the company.
This full review of AvaTrade have shown that the broker lives up to its reputation as one of the most comprehensive and user-friendly in the industry.
AvaTrade review, AvaTrade opinions and final comments
AvaTrade user reviews have been largely positive from the community of users. This in itself is an achievement as many brokers will often suffer from bad reviews, this can be particularly true in the leveraged trading sectors where the possibility for losses can often arise.
One thing that can be confirmed for certain from this AvaTrade review is that they are a completely legitimate operation with a global HQ in the heart of Europe which is regulated by among the most stringent of global bodies to ensure the highest ethical standards. These have been met by AvaTrade.
Finally, the service provided to traders is of top quality. This extends from the range of markets offered to the number of platforms both on desktop and mobile. All of this is woven together by the company core value of positive customer service which is evident throughout.
AvaTrade Reviews – AvaTrade Pros and Cons
As with every platform or major broker which we review, there are both positives and negatives depending on your own viewpoints, skill levels, and how you execute your trades. The AvaTrade review is no different, with a number of key areas standing out as both very positive and some minor areas which may be in need of improvement. Here is our take on what those points are.
AvaTrade Reviews – PRO
- AvaTrade is highly regulated and complaint with the regulations of numerous bodies around the world. Some of these are among strictest regulatory agencies. This can only represent a positive outcome for the security of traders.
- Multilingual support which is also localized in countries around the world. This makes it vastly easier for customers to gain access to the helpful trading support they need and also at the lowest cost possible to them.
- The company offers a multitude of trading platforms and methods to choose from. This level of flexibility is something which traders in the modern day market both need and expect from brokers. AvaTrade delivers on mobile, web-based, downloadable, and automated trades. The same is true for iOS, Adroid, Mac, or Windows operating systems.
- Partnerships and integration with the likes of RoboX and Zulutrade to enhance automated and copy trading capabilities is a great positive for traders which can ultimately end up in increased earning potential.
AvaTrade Reviews – CONS
- From our AvaTrade.com review, we have noted that the website itself is not laid out in the most user friendly fashion. Information can be difficult to find and it sometimes has a cluttered feeling.
- The FAQ section of the website is difficult to find accurate answers from in an expedient manner. This costs the trader some time in searching and is quite surprising given the otherwise top-quality customer service which AvaTrade provide. | https://investingoal.com/avatrade-review/ |
What is the earliest novel that makes use of second-person narration through the entire book, excluding choose-your-own-adventure books?
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A master's thesis about the second-person viewpoint in fiction. Might contain useful information, at least some examples of such novels even if not the earliest.– Rand al'Thor ♦Apr 18 at 18:15
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In your original question you asked about "second-person narratives" but now you ask about novels. So you are not interested in short stories this time?– Tsundoku ♦Apr 18 at 20:38
A good place to start is Monika Fludernik’s annotated bibliography of second-person fiction (up to 1994):
The bibliography has four different sections:
A. a list of those second-person texts that meet my requirements. […] The second-person pronoun refers to a fictional protagonist;
B. a list of texts noted in the literature as being second-person texts but that do not correspond to my definition. […]
C. a very short list of a few films with second-person voice-over […]
D. a list of criticism on the second person and address in general, on second-person narrative, and on second-person uses in poetry.
Monika Fludernik (1994). ‘Second-Person Narrative: A Bibliography’. Style 28:4, pp. 525–548.
The earliest novel listed by Fludernik in section A is Balthasar de Bonnecorse’s La Montre (1666). I can’t find a copy online, but it was translated into English by Aphra Behn:
Do not rise yet; you may find thoughts agreeable enough, when you awake, to entertain you longer in bed. And ’tis in that hour you ought to recollect all the dreams you had in the night. If you had dreamed anything to my advantage, confirm yourself in that thought; but if to my disadvantage, renounce it, and disown the injurious dream. It is in this hour also that I give you leave to reflect on all that I have ever said and done, that has been most obliging to you, and that gives you the most tender sentiments.
Aphra Behn (1686). The Lover’s Watch. In The Novels of Mrs Aphra Behn, pp. 203–270. London: Routledge.
(This novel has alternating sections of second-person narration and verse. In form it does not much resemble the modern novel, but in the seventeenth century the novel was a new literary form and its constraints and conventions were still being developed.)
Fludernik’s bibliography shows that second-person narration was rare until the mid-20th century. Another early example of a novel is:
You are William Barton Sidney. Your entire existence, from childhood through sexual awakening into prosperous middle age, is recounted in these pages. Your life is respectable, normal, prosaic. Yet nobody suspects that you are aware of multiple personalities within your body, and that your head is full of voices.
Rex Stout (1929). How Like a God. New York: Vanguard.
(This novel has alternating sections of second- and third-person narration.)
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Even more relevant is Fludernik's introduction to the preceding issue of Style available at jstor.org/stable/42946253 where she talks in greater depth about many of the most significant entries in the bibliography. It's interesting to note, for example, that Walter Scott speculated on the use of second-person and referred to a different 17th century exemplar of the form. Apr 20 at 2:50
The oldest example of second-person narration I could find is The Haunted Mind by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It was first published in 1835 and later included in volume 2 of Twice-Told Tales (1842). Unfortunately, this is a short story.
The oldest example of novel using second-person narration may be Le Serviteur, an autobiographical novel by Henri Bachelin, first published in 1918. See Le Serviteur on Wikisource.
A perhaps more famous example is Italo Calvino's If on a winter's night a traveler, a postmodern novel published in 1979.
Related: The oldest German example I have been able to find is Ilse Aichinger's short story "Spiegelgeschichte", which was written in 1949. In addition using a second-person perspective, the narrator also tells the story of her life an reverse chronological order. Aichinger was awarded the Literature Prize of the Group 47 for this story in 1952. However, since the question is about a novel, this is only indirectly relevant.
Note: Balthazar de Bonnecorse's Le Montre, first published in 1666, is not a novel as we know it but some sort of narrative interspersed with poems. | https://literature.stackexchange.com/questions/18375/earliest-second-person-novel |
Like such important contemporary French novelists as Claude Simon, Nathalie Sarraute, and Marguerite Yourcenar, Butor has explored the complex links between narrative techniques and the artistic representation of people’s efforts to discover meaning for the different realities perceived at various times. Unlike most novels, A Change of Heart is written neither from an overtly subjective first-person perspective nor from the objective point of view of an omniscient narrator. The reader’s reactions to this experimental second-person narrative are exceedingly complex. Although forced to view reality as Leon describes it, the reader frequently disagrees with his interpretation of past and present events, realizing that Leon’s vanity causes him to interpret unjustly the innocent actions and comments of Henriette and Cecile. Although not able to identify with Leon’s sentimental problems, the artistry of Butor enables the reader to experience the thought process which leads Leon to “modify” his original decision to separate from Henriette.
Butor wrote A Change of Heart near the beginning of his lengthy literary career, yet this early novel effectively illustrates a theme common to many of his writings. In his works of fiction and in his numerous essays on literary and philosophical topics, Butor has continued to explore techniques for communicating the meaning of perceived reality both to oneself and to others. | https://www.enotes.com/topics/change-heart/critical-essays |
How do you avoid using you?
Four ways to break the “you” habit include the following:
- Use nouns instead.
- Use indefinite pronouns (everyone, someone, anything) instead.
- Cut the “you” out altogether.
- Avoid giving commands (where “you” is the implied subject)
What can I say instead of we?
What is another word for we?
|everybody||everyone|
|all of us||every person|
|each and every one||each one|
|each person||every last one|
|one and all||all and sundry|
Can you say I in a thesis?
A related issue for research students writing a thesis is whether to use “I” or “we”, especially when the material has previously appeared in a co-authored paper. In general, I prefer students to use “I” when they mean the author, as it is their thesis. Write in the most natural way. It is ok if that means using “I”.
Is it bad to write in second person?
One of the main rules of writing formal, academic papers is to avoid using second person. Second person refers to the pronoun you. Formal papers should not address the reader directly. However, it can be difficult to write without second person because the word you is such a major part of our speech.
How do you avoid writing in second person?
Generally, it is best to avoid second person pronouns in scholarly writing because they remove the distance between the reader and the writer. Instead, try to use first or third person pronouns to enhance clarity. Most Walden programs and APA (2020) allow the appropriate use of first person.
What is an example of 2nd person point of view?
Second person point of view is when the writer uses “you” as the main character in a narrative. Example using the first line of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man: 1st person: “I am an invisible man.” 2nd person: “You are an invisible man.”
Is there a fourth person point of view?
The fourth person point of view is a term used for indefinite or generic referents. A common example in the English language is the word one as in “one would think that’s how it works.” This example sentence is referring to a generic someone.
How do you write without using you?
Replace instances of “you” in your essay either by using “individual” or “one” to refer to a single hypothetical person and using “people” to refer to a large group to whom something you’re saying applies. Replace instances of “your” in your essay by using the possessive forms of “individual,” “one,” and “people.”
What are the 4 types of point of view?
The Four Types of Point of View
- First person point of view. First person is when “I” am telling the story.
- Second person point of view.
- Third person point of view, limited.
- Third person point of view, omniscient.
What words are used in second person?
You, your, and yours – these are the three second-person pronouns. Second-person pronouns are the words writers use when they are addressing one or more readers directly. They are also used when we speak directly to people.
What is 4th person?
Noun. fourth person (uncountable) (grammar) A variety of the third person sometimes used for indefinite referents, such as one, as in one shouldn’t do that. (linguistics) grammatical person in some languages distinct from first, second, and third persons, semantically translated by one of them in English.
What is the 3 person point of view?
In third-person point of view, the author is narrating a story about the characters, referring to them by name, or using the third-person pronouns “he,” “she,” and “they.” The other points of view in writing are first person and second person.
Why you shouldn’t use contractions?
Using contractions in formal writing – such as scholarly works, résumés, essays, or publications – is often frowned upon because some people believe that contractions weaken a statement or make the writing seem too casual for the situation.
What is first person omniscient?
A rare form of the first person is the first person omniscient, in which the narrator is a character in the story, but also knows the thoughts and feelings of all the other characters. Typically, however, the narrator restricts the events relayed in the narrative to those that could reasonably be known.
Why is there no second person point of view?
The second-person point of view is rarely used in fiction because it can be very difficult to do well. Many writers have found that it can be hard to develop a set of characters and a story in which the second person is appropriate. That’s why it’s not very common for novels to use the second-person point of view.
Is we second person point of view?
Here are some common points of view: A paper using first-person point of view uses pronouns such as “I,” “me,” “we,” and “us.” A paper using second-person point of view uses the pronoun “you.” A paper using third-person point of view uses pronouns such as “he,” “she,” “it,” “they,” “him,” “her,” “his,” and “them.”
What does writing in second person mean?
The second-person point of view belongs to the person (or people) being addressed. This is the “you” perspective. Once again, the biggest indicator of the second person is the use of second-person pronouns: you, your, yours, yourself, yourselves. You can wait in here and make yourself at home.
What is a good claim?
A claim must be arguable but stated as a fact. It must be debatable with inquiry and evidence; it is not a personal opinion or feeling. A claim defines your writing’s goals, direction, and scope. A good claim is specific and asserts a focused argument.
What is the purpose of an argumentative?
Primarily, argument has two purposes: argument is used to change people’s points of view or persuade them to accept new points of view; and argument is used to persuade people to a particular action or new behavior.
How do you write a claim for an argumentative essay?
Start with a hook or attention getting sentence. Briefly summarize the texts • State your claim. Make sure you are restating the prompt. Include a topic sentence that restates your claim and your reason.
Is a claim one sentence?
Correction: Don‟t confuse a claim, an argument for a thesis statement or a topic sentence. Your claim may fit into one sentence or it may require more space to fully outline, develop, and express. Depending on the length of your essay and the complexity of your argument, your claim should fit the project at hand.
Can you talk about yourself in an argumentative essay?
Ultimately, if you feel that using first person has a purpose or will have a strategic effect on your audience, then it is probably fine to use first-person pronouns. Just be sure not to overuse this language, at the risk of sounding narcissistic, self-centered, or unaware of others’ opinions on a topic. | https://www.hotels-in-budapest-hungary.com/how-do-you-avoid-using-you/ |
I think in my previous work, too, the choice of narrative voice, or voices, is related to my pluralistic sense of self. This was true even before I knew much about Buddhism. I’ve never been able to write from a single point of view, or even stick to a single grammatical person. All my novels contain multiple narrators, some of whom speak directly, using the first-person pronoun “I,” and others less directly, using third- and sometimes even second-person pronouns. The use of these pronominal shifts and multiple POVs destabilizes the sense of there being a singular “author” running the show, in charge of the fictional world, and I like that ambiguity. In the past, I’ve tried to write in an omniscient voice, but the characters refuse to cooperate. | http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2014/09/21/the-buddhist-as-novelist/ |
How shall we, the designers, address the user when speaking to them this way? Is the user the “other”, an external, second person with respect to the site or the company, or to the site’s designers? Shall I address the user conversationally as “you”?, or should we try to keep the user distant and only use the third person?
graphpaper.com - You vs. I
Good point. Using the word “you” in documentation can risk implying, if only subconsciously, that the reader of the documentation — usually a developer, designer, etc — is the same person who will actually use the system.Still, I think I have a workaround. If the whole point is to foster empathy for the end-user of a product, explicitly demanding that the developer think of themselves as a user.
First-person narrativ - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
First-person narrations may be told like third-person ones, with a person experiencing the story without being aware that they are actually conveying their experiences to an audience; on the other hand, the narrator may be conscious of telling the story to a given audience, perhaps at a given place and time, for a given reason. In extreme cases, the first-person narration may be told as a story within a story, with the narrator appearing as a character in the story. First-person narration is used somewhat frequently.
Second-person narrative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The second-person narrative is a narrative mode in which the protagonist or another main character is referred to by employment of second-person personal pronouns and other kinds of addressing forms, for example the English second-person pronoun "you".
graphpaper.com - User vs. You
When describing how to use something to a friend, you (there I did it) will usually say things like “You press the button on the top, then you slide your finger across the slider at the bottom” or “You enter your name and password in the upper left corner”. This is how we already talk about user experiences and indeed about almost anything descriptive, and it is an immensely empathetic manner of speaking. It is the linguistic manifestation of pure empathy: Me imagining what it’s like to be you, and describing my own knowledge through your eyes and actions, using (in literary terms) the second person perspective.
Your vs. My - Social Patterns
There are two schools of thought on this, which can be called “Your” or “My.” The names of some popular sites hint at this dilemma: MyYahoo, MySpace, YouTube.Labeling stuff with “My” imitates the point of view of the user. It is as if the user has printed out labels and stuck them to various objects: My Lunch, My Desk, My Red Stapler. Except the user hasn’t done this, you (the site) did it for them.
Labeling stuff with “Your” instead reinforced the conversational dialogue. It is how another human being might address you when talking about your stuff. Even with MySpace, people say things like “I saw what you put on your MySpace.”
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What is a story written in second person?
Definition & Examples of Second-Person Point of View Second-person point of view is a form of writing that addresses the onlooker or reader directly. For instance, the text would read, “You went to school that morning.” Learn more about this uncommon type of storytelling and get examples of it.
Why do writers write in second person?
1. Second person pulls the reader into the action. Especially if you write in the present tense, second person allows the reader to experience the story as if it’s their own. Using the pronoun “you” and describing action as it happens supplies a personal sense of urgency, propelling the story—and the reader—forward.
Which writing situation would it be appropriate to use second person point of view?
Explanation: Second person is about the writer/readers own experience (example: choose your own adventure) it is an article about the writers own experience, therefore it would be appropriate to use second person.
Is it OK to use they in an essay?
In many essays and papers, it is considered incorrect to assume one gender or another for a subject. The word “they” could refer to either gender, thus avoiding any sexist stereotyping. However, “they” is also grammatically incorrect.
What pronouns are used in academic writing?
In academic or college writing, most formal essays and research reports use third person pronouns and do not use “I” or “you.” An essay is the writer’s analysis about a topic.
What point of view is used in a persuasive essay?
The third person point of view is the most formal of the three and should be used in most formal academic writing situations, such as persuasive and expository essays. Remember that third person point of view focuses on the subject of the essay, not the writer or the reader.
Do and don’ts of persuasive writing?
- The Don’ts of Persuasive Writing. Don’t be negative. State your thesis in the first paragraph.
- The Do’s of Persuasive Writing. Do use the editorial “we” rather than the first person “I.” This makes the reader fell that you are all on the same side.
- Persuasive Essay Building Blocks. Introduction.
Can you use second person in a persuasive essay?
Persuasive Strategies Four basic strategies to use when writing a persuasive essay: 1. Don’t use any first- or second-person pronouns(I, you, we, my, your, our, etc.) By only using the third-person singular or plural (he, she, it, they, etc.), the essay appears impersonal and therefore rational. | https://www.thelittleaussiebakery.com/what-is-a-story-written-in-second-person/ |
In “The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allan Poe, the author uses verbal irony to create suspense in order to engage their readers. Poe provides many hints as to what is going to happen to Fortunato throughout the story. This is done for the sake of keeping the reader’s imagination running while also leaving them on their toes anticipating what is going to happen next. For this to be created Poe uses verbal irony. For example, when Fortunato declares, ‘“... the cough’s a mere nothing; it will not kill [him].
“The Jewelry” is a short story written by Guy De Maupassant where M. Lantin marries a woman that loves jewelry and bought a new piece of jewelry everyday. He loved her dearly but could not stand the obsession she had for her fake jewelry collection. M. Lantins wife became really sick and died of pneumonia. He was then left by himself and became very poor. He had nothing left and needed to make money somehow.
When reading a fiction, not only the plot, but also the narrator and the point of view are important to readers in order to understand the story. Stories can be told in a various angle of vision or in one perspective, depending on which person point of view. “A story is said to be from a character’s point of view, or a character is said to be a focal or focalizing character” (Norton, 174). Readers sometimes feel they are overhearing the narrator’s thoughts because they follow along the narrator’s thoughts, actions, and feelings. Both Sonny’s Blues and the Yellow paper use first person narration.
This example supports my thesis because Della had to sacrifice her hair for Jim. Identically, at the end of the tale, Jim walked to the house and looked at Della with a strange glare. Once he saw that Della sold her hair to purchase her gift for him, a golden chain for his watch, hesitantly, he gave his present to Della and confessed that he had sold his watch to buy combs for Della. This interaction adds on to my thesis, showing that they had to sacrifice what was the utmost precious belongings they held, in order to buy each other gifts. Although they could mourn over a loss of their favored items, their love still propels them, acknowledging that they did it for each
The sudden introduction towards these unusual actions grabs the reader’s attention, making them focus on these compulsions. These actions and thoughts drive the reader to continue reading the piece to find an understanding or conclusion towards her mysterious actions. The author segues the introduction into the body of the story by continuing the situation the
It causes a change in the comprehension by the viewer. The audience is able to have a virtual look inside the plot of the story and truly grasp the full effect of the situation. They begin to pursue the story more and more as they read. An author that loves to utilize this technique is the American poet, Edgar Allen Poe; in his works. It is very apparent in his writings to create tension, suspense, or a dramatic change of atmosphere.
Steinbeck probably wanted to name the story Something That Happened for many reasons. However I think he wanted to name it that because the title Something That Happens makes the story more mysterious and interesting to the readers. I think this because the title gives reader a vague explanation about the book. Another reason could be that he wanted people to know this could happen in real life. I think this could be a reason seeing as people in the past may have not understanded what was going on and he wanted to at least try to understand things that could
Differences in narration can greatly affect how a reader experiences literature. For the most part, there are two types of narration in stories: first person and third person. A second-person point of view exists but is very rare. Authors that use a second-person point of view make the reader one of the characters, thus including the reader in the story. There is also
My artifact is about a book I read called Fahrenheit 451 and We had to pick a theme or character to talk about and analyze their changes throughout the book. What I learned through the essay is that you need to revise your work all the time to catch your mistake and you have to be patient to find these mistakes. The main idea in my essay was to show Montag change of talking about books throughout many event that captured Montag to change his feeling towards books. It shows that people can change throughout time when they have motivation and help with them. We were assigned this artifact because the way how the book progress and the message in the book stating that we are paying attention more to media then books.
By following up on this dream I found happiness and another one! Eventually me and Scout are gonna hunt down that weird old man my momma told be ‘bout and we is going to buy the cutest little child we can find! Then I’ma get my dream job. I am going to be the first happy clown! | https://www.ipl.org/essay/Irony-In-O-Henrys-The-Gift-Of-F3Z24LNFC4D6 |
There are notable works written in second-person narrative, but the majority of fiction is written in first- or third-person. And while readers can identify strongly with the second-person form, most find it jarring and forever associated with cheesy choose-your-own-adventure books. Yes, this is just a convention, and obviously long-time IF readers think nothing of being told how they feel, act, and react, but it seems the average reader doesn't want to make the jump. I suspect that as long as interactive works are written in the second-person, most new readers will be turned off.
One problem with the protagonist of a story being "you" is that either the writer characterizes "you" with interesting details which likely clash with your real reactions and specifics, or the writer omits them for you to fill in, creating a bland "cipher" protagonist. With good first- and third-person fiction, the protagonist is unique and compelling, perhaps wildly different from the reader, but someone they can identify or sympathize with.
Why isn't more interactive fiction written in the first- or third-person? I'm interested to hear what people think on this, and what notable non-second-person interactive texts are out there.
<blockquote>Strangely, the use of the term ‘person’ in language studies does not correspond to its use in visual studies. Most games studies discussions use ‘person’ in the visual style, corresponding to the viewpoint of the player. The first person camera is the most immediate, providing a view from the eyes of the avatar with little more than a hand of the avatar-self encroaching on the image. The third person camera is more mediated and distancing, as when the separate self of Lara Croft or Master Chief46 is displayed on screen and followed through the game world by a cinematic crane shot. The function of this mediacy is complex, but one effect is that greater immediacy imparts greater immersion.
In language simulations such as IF, gamebooks, or RPGs, this process works differently. Rather than the process of simulation occurring as if from the player’s viewpoint, the simulation is addressed to the player from the simulator (“You are in a maze of twisty little passages”) creating complimentary thoughts in the mind of the player (“I’m in a maze!”). Second person narration (“You are”) evokes first person participation (“I am!”).
When a person describes their experience playing Call of Duty (first person) or Tomb Raider (third), it's the same as a playthrough of IF. They usually say, "I jumped, then shot the soldier in the head." Maybe for Half-Life, where the character and narrative is more fleshed out, they might say something like, "There's this part where Gordon has to choose..." or even "this part where you have to..."
With books and movies, it's pretty much always, "I loved the part where Mr. Darcy proposed," or "Holden Caulfield can't communicate with anyone but his sister" – talking about someone else. And yet, readers identify/sympathize strongly with these characters, probably more so than characters who are supposed to be the reader (though, IF has a much smaller audience and shorter history, and may produce landmark characters yet).
Would new readers be more interested in and willing to try interactive works with first- and third-person protagonists, intriguing and relatable individuals who don't have to be told through the lens of "you"?
Have you played <em>Walker and Silhouette?</em>. It plays in first-person voice with two characters, and overall answers your question quite well.
Yes, I was going to list that one as a starter. I was hoping readers could list more. I read of an IF game where you could freely switch the narrative between first-, second-, and third-person, but can't remember enough about it to find the title.
I think that's one of Eric Eve's games, Shelter from the Storm.
So we've got Walker & Silhouette, and Shelter from the Storm. Any others?
Matt at getmewriting.com recently mentioned Lost Pig, which had slipped my mind: a story told from the view of Grunk, so it should be first-person, but since Grunk's grammar isn't so great, he uses third-person. | http://horacetorys.weebly.com/interactive-text/second-best |
Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is perhaps the most famous, and certainly the most controversial, scientific theory ever developed. First published in 1859 in a book titled, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, the theory proposed that human beings - and all living creatures for that matter - had arrived at their current state through a process called natural selection, which is the result of millions of years of adaptation. Darwin found his ideas solidified when on a trip to the Galapagos Islands where evolution had run rampant, and he later put those thoughts into words that almost anyone could understand.
Believe it or not, declaring that living things had been crafted by a natural process instead of being personally created by the Christian god caused a bit of a stir in the Western World. The suggestion that human beings may have descended from apes wasn’t meant as a personal slight at anyone, but people sure took it that way. Even the idea that the Earth was millions of years old was, and unfortunately still is, a highly controversial notion. Scholars, religious figures, and cartoonists alike all lined up to lampoon Charles Darwin and his wild ideas. Fortunately for him, his theory would be “naturally selected” as time went on, and has become the most probable and elegant way of explaining life on Earth as we know it.
The Book Immediately Sold Out Of Its First 1,250 Copies
The first print run of On the Origin of Species included only 1,250 copies - and they sold out almost immediately. Darwin knew that he had a hit on his hands, so he quickly set out to make some corrections to the work in preparation for the second edition. Even though the first edition came out in November of 1859, he was able to get the revisions done lightning fast in time for the second printing in January of 1860. Demand was still high, and a third edition would not be far behind.
While Writing The Book, Darwin Formed A Team Of Three Allies Who Agreed To Support Its Publication
Charles Darwin knew that the publication of On the Origin of Species was likely to cause a bit of a firestorm. So, in order to get out ahead of the controversy, he began sharing his findings with select individuals in hopes of courting allies and supporters. More than 20 years elapsed between his voyage to the Galapagos and the publication of his book, so he had plenty of time. Darwin gained three close allies who would go on to support him to varying degrees in the coming years - Charles Lyell, a geologist; Joseph Dalton Hooker, a botanist; and Thomas Huxley, a naturalist who would become Darwin’s most virulent supporter.
A Prominent Christian Novelist Praised Darwin Immediately, But The First Actual Review Took Umbrage With “Men From Monkeys”
One of the first people to read On the Origin of Species was Charles Kingsley, a prominent Christian novelist. Despite his religious beliefs, Kingsley sent Darwin a letter praising his theory, saying that “if you be right, I must give up much that I have believed.”
Other early reviewers weren’t so kind. The first official review was published anonymously by John Leifchild, who took incredible offense to the idea that humans had evolved from apes. Fittingly, this first criticism thrown at Darwin is the same one that opponents of evolution still throw around to this day.
The Book Made It To America Within A Year, And Darwin’s Brother Helped Spread It Farther
On the Origin of Species became so notable that word of it soon spread overseas. People in the United States of America were soon demanding the book, and copies finally arrived there by early 1860. One of the individuals who helped to spread the word of Darwin was his brother, Erasmus. The awesomely-named sibling was also formerly a close friend of Harriet Martineau, an extremely influential British writer known as “the first female sociologist.” Martineau was enamored with the book, and she too spread praise for it far and wide, stating that it took her breath away. | https://www.ranker.com/list/aftermath-of-theory-of-evolution/stephanroget?ref=list_item_rl&rlf=GRID |
Dueling book covers…may the best design win!
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The Foundations of the Origin of Species
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The book that changed the way we view ourselves. Contains the complete text of the 1859 First Edition of "Origin of Species," and the complete texts of the unpublished Essay of 1842, in which Darwin first wrote out his theory of evolution, and the Essay of 1844, which was presented to the Linnean Society and introduced Darwin's theory to the world.
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If you're writing a The Foundations of the Origin of Species essay and need some advice, post your Charles Darwin essay question on our Facebook page where fellow bookworms are always glad to help! | http://www.readprint.com/work-2934/The-Foundations-of-the-Origin-of-Species-Charles-Darwin |
Flowers, bloom, a son married . . . and a suspended monkey in Cambridge at Darwin's honorary LLD ceremony. Volume 25 of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin is now available. Read more about Darwin's life in 1877 here.
This free, exciting training and consultation event takes place on Tuesday 12th December at Cambridge University Library, 9.00-4.30.
The workshop aims to support KS3 science teachers in delivering informed, dynamic Darwin-based sessions.
The website has been updated with an interactive timeline (try it!) and enhanced secondary school resources for ages 11-14. What's more, the full texts of the letters for 1872 are now online for the first time, and a selection of Darwin's correspondence with women has been published in print.
The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child, Darwin persevered with his scientific work, single-mindedly committed to the completion of his barnacle research. His four-volume study was finally published after eight years of work. Darwin's professional circle was enlarged both by new friendships with noted scientists such as the physiologist Thomas Henry Huxley, and the American botanist Asa Gray, but also by contact with a network of animal breeders, nurserymen, and pigeon-fanciers.
What did Darwin really believe about God? the Christian revelation? the implications of his theory of evolution for religious faith? These questions were asked again and again in the years following the publication of Origin of species (1859). They are still asked today by scholars, scientists, students, and religious believers.
From a quiet rural existence at Down in Kent, filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on the transmutation of species, Darwin was jolted into action in 1858 by the arrival of an unexpected letter (no longer extant) from Alfred Russel Wallace outlining a remarkably similar mechanism for species change. This letter led to the first announcement of Darwin’s and Wallace’s respective theories of organic change at the Linnean Society of London in July 1858 and prompted the composition and publication, in November 1859, of Darwin’s major treatise On the origin of species by means of natural selection.
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Read and search the full texts of more than 8,500 of Charles Darwin’s letters, and find information on 6,500 more. Discover complete transcripts of all known letters Darwin wrote and received up to the year 1872.
Discover our new and improved schools resources for 11-14 year olds. | http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/ |
Applying his controversial theory of evolution to the origins of the human species, Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man was the culmination of his life's work. This Penguin Classics edition is edited with an introduction by James Moore and Adrian Desmond.
In The Origin of Species , Charles Darwin refused to discuss human evolution, believing the subject too 'surrounded with prejudices'. He had been reworking his notes since the 1830s, but only with trepidation did he finally publish The Descent of Man in 1871. The book notoriously put apes in our family tree and made the races one family, diversified by 'sexual selection' - Darwin's provocative theory that female choice among competing males leads to diverging racial characteristics. Named by Sigmund Freud as 'one of the ten most significant books' ever written, Darwin's Descent of Man continues to shape the way we think about what it is that makes us uniquely human.
In their introduction, James Moore and Adrian Desmond, acclaimed biographers of Charles Darwin, call for a radical re-assessment of the book, arguing that its core ideas on race were fired by Darwin's hatred of slavery. The text is the second and definitive edition and this volume also contains suggestions for further reading, a chronology and biographical sketches of prominent individuals mentioned.
Charles Darwin (1809-82), a Victorian scientist and naturalist, has become one of the most famous figures of science to date. The advent of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859 challenged and contradicted all contemporary biological and religious beliefs.
If you enjoyed The Descent of Man , you might like Darwin's On the Origin of Species, also available in Penguin Classics.
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On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin’s book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.
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Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review. | https://superanda.com/bookstore/on-the-origin-of-species/ |
The following link entitled “Scientific Racism: The Eugenics of Social Darwinism” is a documentary of the monstrous actions of the philosophy of Darwinism.
On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Its full title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. For the sixth edition of 1872, the short title was changed to The Origin of Species. Darwin’s book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution.
To learn more about the races philosophy of Darwinism, click on the link entitled “Eugenics According to Darwin“. | https://slaveofjesuschrist.me/2012/10/27/darwins-scientific-racism-its-fruit/ |
1554; At the tender age of 16, the ‘nine days queen’, Lady Jane Grey and her husband Lord Guildford Dudley were beheaded; he on Tower Hill, she on Tower Green, after being implicated in the Wyatt's rebellion.
The rebellion arose out of concern over Queen Mary I's determination to marry Philip II of Spain, which was an unpopular policy with the English.
1733; Englishman James Oglethorpe founded Georgia, the 13th colony of the Thirteen Colonies, and its first city at Savannah.
The 12th of February is known as Georgia Day for its historic importance to the state.
Bet the locals weren't happy about the immigrants.
1809; Charles Darwin, English naturalist and author of The Origin of Species, was born, in Shrewsbury.
He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.
He published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species.
By the 1870s the scientific community and much of the general public accepted evolution as a fact.
The bible belt of America is a trump stronghold; some are members of the flat earth society/club.
It is not just Greece and the rest of the relatively divided developed world that have haves and have-nots. | http://cardsandquirks.co.uk/12219.html |
On the Origin of Species Crowned Most Influential Banned Book
The general public have voted Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species (1859) the most influential banned book, as part of Academic Book Week (4-9 March 2019).
Considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology, On the Origin of Species introduced the idea of ‘natural selection’ and speciation. On the Origin of Species was also chosen as the most influential academic book of all time during the inaugural Academic Book Week in 2015.
The book was first banned in 1859 by the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, where Darwin had been a student. In 1925, Tennessee banned the teaching of the theory of evolution in schools; the law remained in force until 1967. The book was also banned in Yugoslavia in 1935 and in Greece in 1937.
The full shortlist, selected by academic booksellers across the UK and Ireland, and in association with Index on Censorship is below. | https://acbookweek.com/bannedbooks/ |
1620s, "an opening of what was rolled up," from Latin evolutionem (nominative evolutio) "unrolling (of a book)," noun of action from past participle stem of evolvere "to unroll" (see evolve).
Used in medicine, mathematics, and general writing in various senses including "growth to maturity and development of an individual living thing" (1660s). Modern use in biology, of species, first attested 1832 in works of Scottish geologist Charles Lyell. Charles Darwin used the word in print once only, in the closing paragraph of "The Origin of Species" (1859), and preferred descent with modification, in part because evolution already had been used in the discarded 18c. homunculus theory of embryological development (first proposed under this name by Bonnet, 1762) and in part because it carried a sense of "progress" not present in Darwin's idea. But Victorian belief in progress prevailed (and the advantages of brevity), and Herbert Spencer and other biologists after Darwin popularized evolution. | https://www.etymonline.com/word/evolution |
Ecuadorian birds and The Ten Pound Note
Celebrating Charles Darwin's 200th Birthday.
12.02.2009 - 12.02.2009 6 °C
200 years ago, on the 12th of February, 1809, Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. A few decades later, he was wandering about on some islands off the coast of Ecudaor and noted that the birds and turtles differed from island to island, though seemed to share similar traits to creatures from the mainland.
(Note: creatures in pictures below from neither Ecuador, England or the Galapagos Islands, but seeing as I've never been there, I don't have any pictures of them. These are, however, creatures, and as such seem fitting).
In 1859, Darwin published his seminal work On The Origin Of Species. While others had suggested that species evolved, Darwin's work was the first one that grabbed the imagination of the non-scientific community. The book was controversial because it contradicted the religious concept that the world's species were static, created by God in perfect form at the start of time.
Today, the concepts that underlay Darwin's book still underpin the theory of natural selection, the most widely accepted theory of the development of species.
Today, Darwin can be found on the ten-pound note, along with a bird, one of "the flora and fauna that he may have come across on his travels" (lest you forget why he was famous).
In the event you feel like getting down "with a celebration of science and reason" in honour of Darwin, you can find events on the Darwin Day page. Nothing is going on in Sheffield (even though it's only a couple hours from Darwin's birthplace), so I guess I'll just have to celebrate by myself.
Happy birthday, Chuck. | https://gregwtravels.travellerspoint.com/232/ |
How to use absolute dating lee dong wook eugene dating
In a way this field, called geochronology, is some of the purest detective work earth scientists do.There are two basic approaches: relative age dating, and absolute age dating. There are two main methods determining a fossils age, relative dating and absolute dating.Relative dating is used to determine a fossils approximate age by comparing it to similar rocks and fossils of known ages.The narrower a range of time that an animal lived, the better it is as an index of a specific time.No bones about it, fossils are important age markers.
So carbon 14 is used to date materials that aren’t that old geologically, say in the tens of thousands of years, while potassium-argon dating can be used to determine the ages of much older materials, in the millions and billions year range.
Here is an easy-to understand analogy for your students: relative age dating is like saying that your grandfather is older than you.
Absolute age dating is like saying you are 15 years old and your grandfather is 77 years old.
Like the other kind of dating, geologic dating isn’t always simple.
Activity: Further discussion: Good overview as relates to the Grand Canyon: age dating: Use with this cross section of the Grand Canyon from the USGS’s teaching page: Canyon Have students reconstruct a simple geologic history — which are the oldest rocks shown? Are there any that you can’t tell using the Rule of Superposition?
Pretty obvious that the dike came after the rocks it cuts through, right? | http://svet-vokrug.ru/how-to-use-absolute-dating-7544.html |
The principle of superposition of rock strata
This not only makes the other dating methods look more consistent than they actually are, but it also renders the very existence of the geologic column untestable. In practice, some combination of the two approaches is typically employed. After the establishment of Steno's three laws, the need became apparent to quantify the timing of geologic phenomena and the age of the Earth. Canon of Kings Lists of kings Limmu.
During the alpha decay steps, the zircon crystal experiences radiation damage, associated with each alpha decay. In using these dating methods, evolutionists assume that there was no global flood as told in the Bible or Qur'an. Therefore, at their outset these methods are used by investigators who seek to prove their interpretation of the data. Biostratigraphy does not directly provide an absolute age determination of a rock, but merely places it within an interval of time at which that fossil assemblage is known to have coexisted. Concepts Deep time Geological history of Earth Geological time units.
Ice cores are obtained by drilling core samples of ice in glaciated regions, such as near the poles. This implies that a series of rock layers that are steeply dipping must have originally been deposited horizontally. In retrospect, this seems blatantly obvious, famous dating site but at the time the systematic stratigraphic documentation of fossil occurrence was not always carried out.
Amino Acid Geochronology Lab method
The result is that the geologic column is the ultimate filter for other dating methods. He posited that as the river flooded multiple times this would result in a series of horizontal deposits which would eventually turn into sedimentary rock. Radiometric dating has provided not only a means of numerically quantifying geologic time but also a tool for determining the age of various rocks that predate the appearance of life-forms.
Amino Acid Geochronology Laboratory method
Perhaps the Neptunist approach had some validity? Visible light and dark rings can be found in such cores that are then analyzed to determine the age of the ice. This, along with the increased recognition of the utility of fossils in interpreting rock successions, made it possible to begin addressing the question of the meaning of time in Earth history.
In the midth century, Nicolas Steno observed that when a river flooded, it deposited horizontal layers of sediment and buried the flora and fauna living adjacent to the river. This worldview is the basis for an entire system of theories. In so doing, they commit the logical fallacies of proof by assertion and circular reasoning. The most reliable of the complex network of diagenetic reactions is amino acid racemization, which involves the interconversion of L-amino acids to their D-isomeric configurations.
Surface collections from recently exposed sections, such as road cuts and river bluffs, are suitable. Also, it was becoming increasingly difficult to accept certain assertions of Werner that some rock types e. It was not until naturalists such as James Hutton and Charles Lyell recognized that many field observations contradicted the concept of catastrophism. In Johann Gottlob Lehmann of Germany reported on the succession of rocks in the southern part of his country and the Alps, measuring and describing their compositional and spatial variation.
Geochronology - CreationWiki the encyclopedia of creation science
Type of radiometric dating. Moreover, his view that organisms respond to the conditions of their environment had important implications for the uniformitarian approach to interpreting Earth history. Radiometric dating utilizes the decay rates of certain radioactive atoms to date rocks or artifacts. Any dating method depends on a fixed standard, or else it produces arbitrary dates.
- Geochronology is the scientific study of the age of the Earth and the temporal sequence of events related to the formation of the planet and the history of life on Earth.
- Chemostratigraphy relies on stable isotope trends that change through geologic time and can be correlated between sedimentary deposits.
- Such a path is constructed for a large continental block.
Tephra is also often used as a dating tool in archaeology, since the dates of some eruptions are well-established. Both disciplines work together hand in hand, however, to the point where they share the same system of naming rock layers and the time spans utilized to classify layers within a stratum. Lithologic facies, biological facies, and even environmental facies can be used to describe sequences of rocks of the same or different age having a particularly unique character. Principles Advances in the field of amino acid geochemistry were recently reviewed Goodfriend et al.
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He attributed this lateral variation to lateral changes in the depositional environments responsible for producing the strata in question. Acting on the suggestion of Rutherford, mary harris it was Betram Boltwood who first measured the lead to uranium ratio and got results ranging from to million years. Shells that might comprise a mixed-age population are treated individually. By combining multiple geochronological and biostratigraphic indicators the precision of the recovered age can be improved.
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Absolute geochronology can be accomplished through radioactive isotopes, whereas relative geochronology is provided by tools such as palaeomagnetism and stable isotope ratios. Geological time age chron eon epoch era period Geochronology Geological history of Earth. Geochronology, biostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy are all closely related disciplines and are commonly applied towards the same problems. These three principles are known as Steno's three laws and for the foundation of relative dating in sedimentary successions. Relative dating was developed to place a series of geologic event in sequential.
Translate Page preparation Pages in translation Groups Translate. The second method is used for the folded areas where tectonic rotations are possible. Social Media Visit us on Twitter Facebook. Later this scheme was refined to further divide the Pliocene into an Early and a Late Pliocene. In other languages Add links.
Fluorine absorption Nitrogen dating Obsidian hydration Seriation Stratigraphy. Subannual formation is supported by observations that several such layers of snow and ice can result from the storms within a single winter season. No accommodation was made for past conditions that do not have modern counterparts. These types of minerals often produce lower precision ages than igneous and metamorphic minerals traditionally used for age dating, but are more common in the geologic record. Namespaces Page Discussion.
As a consequence, different environments produce different sedimentary products and may harbour different organisms. Relative dating uses a combination of fossil studies and structural interpretation to draw conclusions about the geological history of an area. Incremental dating techniques allow the construction of year-by-year annual chronologies, which can be fixed i.
Absolute dating
- Uniformitarian geologists consider this form of dating strong evidence that the Earth is billions of years old.
- Chinese Japanese Korean Vietnamese.
- Thus arose an increasingly vocal challenge to the Neptunist theory.
This sequential ordering of individual sediment layers is referred to as the Law of Superposition. These assumptions are based on the axioms or worldview the scientist is operating within. Chemostratigraphy is useful at all scales from cuttings to outcrop samples and can be applied to relatively small sample sizes.
Past history deep time Present Future Futures studies Far future in religion Far future in science fiction and popular culture Timeline of the far future Eternity Eternity of the world. Uniformitarian geologists prefer to believe, and claim, that each of their methods uses such a fixed standard. As such, they were considered unlikely to recur on what was thought to be an unchanging world. Dendrochronology is a technique of dating past climatic changes through a study of tree ring growth.
Geochronology
This technique has posed a different problem for creationists, as this dating method does not make use directly of accelerated decay. The principles and procedures used to derive paleotemperature from amino acid data are well documented in the literature e. As now used, the facies concept has come to encompass other types of variation that may be encountered as one moves laterally e.
Another correlation that can be made between sedimentary sequences are the changes in the sediment magnetization direction which are left in place after deposition. He discusses this theory briefly here. According to theory, the sample starts out with daughter isotopes present at constant ratios in relation to one another, but with the parent isotope, the ratio is arbitrary. Magnetostratigraphy is similar to paleomagnatism, except it relies on the orientation of minerals on a much smaller scale. | http://tax-bear.ru/geochronology-relative-dating.html |
Geochronology is the field of science concerned with determining the ages of geologic materials from granite and mudstone to fossils and meteorites. In this book we attempt to outline the basic principles used for the quantification of geological time focusing on the radio-isotopic dating techniques. We are attempting to be inclusive about the methodologies and applications however there is a focus on the mainstream chronometers and the application of these to the quantification of geologic time. | https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Radioisotope_Geochronology |
Methods of absolute dating of rocks. Absolute dating - wikipedia
Relative ages of different bones at the same site thus can be established by measuring their fluorine contents.
General considerations
These methods were relied on especially prior to the introduction of scientific methods of dating. The Late Bronze Age to early Iron Age is represented best by schematic images of chariots with a pair of four-spoked wheels, pulled by two horses.
Description of different dating methods: Zujar 3 Comments In historical geology, the primary methods of absolute dating involve using the radioactive decay of elements trapped in rocks or minerals, including isotope systems from very young radiocarbon dating with C to systems such as uranium-lead dating that allow acquisition of absolute ages for some of the oldest rocks on earth.
Karamar 1 Comments Science in Christian Perspective. The advantage methods of absolute dating of rocks the method is that it works well in case of the sites which areyears old.
A palimpsest of animals from different ages at Shuwaymis: Carbon is radioactive and is used often for dating: C 14 has a half life of 5. There are two methods used to determine the buenos modells en la escuela yahoo dating of a rock orfossil.
Clues to relative dating include: These methods can provide chronological sequence of even geographically isolated events or culture. Also in this area, and in association with warriors, are female figures that have been interpreted as goddesses of fertility and war.
Radiation levels do not remain constant over time. What is the best method for determining the absolute ages of rocks? This evaluation of the rocks and fossils in the relative dating is known as the biostratigraphy.
Horse at Jabala I, showing features of the Arabian breed. In this case, based on a slightly lighter patina, the diminutive rider and ibex appear to have been added later.
Dating methods in Archaeology. Are they accurate? | Ancient Origins
Thus the age of the skeletal materials that are found in archaeological sites can be estimated by determining the amount of change, racemisation that has occurred. Fluorine, Uranium, and Nitrogen analysis: However, inscriptions similar to those found near Tayma Tamanite have been found in Iraq and are dated by archaeological context to the 7th century BCE Winnett and Reed Relative dating is used commonly when looking so be very cautious when relatively dating rocks What is the difference between absolute age and.
However, all is not lost, and it is possible to establish a temporal sequence that can be quite edifying.
Much critical biostratigraphic data necessary for the proper characterization of faunal assemblages was simply not collected. Therefore, the artistic representations do not guarantee that the subjects depicted were actually present in that region. Fire places and kiln thus provide best samples for dating.
Distinctive domestic cattle with lyre-shaped horns and color patterns on their bodies appeared in the early part of the Arid Phase, after the aurochs, their ancestor, vanished. The tools found in the site are classified on the basis of their form or shape and accordingly different categories or types are made.
The Application of Advanced Imaging Technology to Saudi Arabian Rock Art
Radioactive decay is used to determine the absolute age of rocks bycomparing the ratio of parent isotopes to daughter isotopes. Both of the latter materials have allowed dating of Early and Middle Pleistocene sites which are not datable using other methods.
The nucleus of an unstable isotope will release energy in its process to become more stable. It is the time required for half of the element's atoms to decay or the rate of decay of radiocative elements.
Relative dating methods tell only if one sample is older or younger than another sample; absolute dating methods provide a date in years. This method was later on applied by the great anthropologist, Kroeber in determining the relative age of some sites in south western United States, Mexico and Peru.
Thus, measuring the ratio of D to L in a sample enables one to estimate how long ago the specimen died. Half-life is also an important term in this process.
Difference Between Absolute And Relative Dating Of Rocks. Radiometric Dating Methods
The earth at that time was considerably colder and the ice caps were much larger than they currently are. Formation of varves depends on climatic variation. The method is based on the fact that artefacts change in predictable ways through time.
Smaller species of animals like rodents, birds, some molluscs and snails are found very sensitive to changes in climate than the larger mammals. Charcoal is best material specially if derived from short live plants. This parallelism is formed due to trade relations, particularly wehen trade followed in both directions.
Difference Between Absolute And Relative Dating Of Rocks
The greater the similarity, the closer the ages. The convenient property of this phenomenon is that a certain parent isotope will ALWAYS decay to a certain daughter isotope. However, these methods have never been able to provide a date in terms of years, nor it can calculate the total time span involved in each cultural period. | http://practicax.net/methods-of-absolute-dating-of-rocks.php |
A new project in Germany aims to help develop a fuel filling station able to supply electric, methane and hydrogen-powered vehicles.
Researchers at the Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg (ZSW) aim to develop a ‘fuel pump’ that can cater to a variety of alternatively-fuelled, low carbon transport technologies in the most efficient and cost-effective way possible.
The charger being developed would power electric cars’ batteries with renewable electricity sourced from wind farms and solar panels.
A large stationary battery will store surplus electricity when supply is greater than demand and dispense it when demand is greater than supply.
If the battery is full and the clean power isn’t being used, it will be converted into hydrogen.
Additionally, when the hydrogen storage tank is full and demand from fuel cell cars is low, carbon dioxide will then be added to the hydrogen to convert it into methane.
The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy is funding the five-year project with around €1.3 million (£1.15m). | http://www.erpecnewslive.com/article/1659/new-fuel-pump-aims-for-holy-trinity-of-clean-transport |
Sun and wind are two resources that Texas has no shortage of, so it’s no surprise that the state has long been a renewable energy giant. Yet Texas is often more of a sleeping giant. At times there isn’t enough sun or wind to produce sufficient energy to meet the needs of customers and at other times there’s too much and producers have to pay grid operators to take the excess off their hands.
The solution to these challenges has been to store excess energy using batteries, releasing it when needed. But, batteries are costly and therefore can’t be used to power an entire city or state.
That might be changing as the cost of making large batteries has begun to decrease. And lenders are eager to to get into the big battery business, says Bloomberg energy reporter Joe Ryan.
“The key is that once banks start stepping forward and saying that we have faith in these projects and we will lend money to people to develop them, then the industry can take off,” Ryan says, That’s what happened with solar and wind.
What you’ll hear in this segment:
– How long it will take to develop large-scale energy-storage projects
– What else batteries can do besides storing energy
– Why it has taken so long to develop battery technology
Written by Molly Smith. | https://www.texasstandard.org/stories/renewable-energy-could-get-a-boost-from-cheaper-batteries/ |
July 20, 2017
Xiao-Qing Yang (left) and Enyuan Hu (center) of Brookhaven's Chemistry Department, pictured with beamline physicist Eli Stavitski (right) at the ISS beamline at NSLS-II.
Scientists have designed a new type of cathode that could make the mass production of sodium batteries more feasible. Batteries based on plentiful and low-cost sodium are of great interest to both scientists and industry as they could facilitate a more cost-efficient production process for grid-scale energy storage systems, consumer electronics and electric vehicles. The discovery was a collaborative effort between researchers at the Institute of Chemistry (IOC) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Lithium batteries are commonly found in consumer electronics such as smartphones and laptop computers, but in recent years, the electric vehicle industry also began using lithium batteries, significantly increasing the demand on existing lithium resources.
“Just last year, the price of lithium carbonate tripled, because the Chinese electric vehicle market started booming,” said Xiao-Qing Yang, a physicist at the Chemistry Division of Brookhaven Lab and the lead Brookhaven researcher on this study.
In addition, the development of new electrical grids that incorporate renewable energy sources like wind and solar is also driving the need for new battery chemistries. Because these energy sources are not always available, grid-scale energy storage systems are needed to store the excess energy produced when the sun is shining and the wind is blowing.
Scientists have been searching for new battery chemistries using materials that are more readily available than lithium. Sodium is one of the most desirable options for researchers because it exists nearly everywhere and is far less toxic to humans than lithium.
But sodium poses major challenges when incorporated into a traditional battery design. For example, a typical battery’s cathode is made up of metal and oxygen ions arranged in layers. When exposed to air, the metals in a sodium battery’s cathode can be oxidized, decreasing the performance of the battery or even rendering it completely inactive.
The researchers at IOC of CAS and Jiangxi Normal University sought to resolve this issue by substituting different types of metals in the cathode and increasing the space between these metals. Then, using the Inner-Shell Spectroscopy (ISS) beamline at Brookhaven’s National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)—a DOE Office of Science User Facility—Brookhaven’s researchers compared the structures of battery materials with unsubstituted materials to these new battery materials with substitute metals.
“We use the beamline to determine how metals in the cathode material change oxidation states and how it correlates with the efficiency and lifetime of the battery’s structure,” says Eli Stavitski, a physicist at the ISS beamline.”
The ISS beamline was the first operational x-ray spectroscopy beamline at NSLS-II. Here, researchers shine an ultra-bright x-ray beam through materials to observe how light is absorbed or reemitted. These observations allow researchers to study the structure of different materials, including their chemical and electronic states.
The ISS beamline, which is specifically designed for high-speed experiments, allowed the researchers to measure real-time changes in the battery during the charge-discharge processes. Based on their observations made at the beamline, Brookhaven’s team discovered that oxidation was suppressed in the sodium batteries with substituted metals, indicating the newly designed sodium batteries were stable when exposed to air. This is a major step forward in enabling future mass production of sodium batteries.
The researchers say this study is the first of many that will use the ISS beamline at NSLS-II to advance the study of batteries.
This study was supported by several Chinese research organizations, including the National Key R&D Program of China. The work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the Vehicle Technology Office under Advanced Battery Material Research (BMR). DOE’s Office of Science (BES) also supports operations at NSLS-II.
Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit science.energy.gov. | https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=212342 |
“High above the sand and sagebrush of southeastern California, a transmission line runs along Interstate 10, connecting solar farms in the Sonoran Desert to Los Angeles. From daybreak to nightfall, that line crackles with electricity as photovoltaic panels soak up the sun. It goes quiet just as millions of people turn on their lights.
When the sun sets, that line goes empty,” said Steve Lowe, president of Eagle Crest Energy Co. “We want to do something about it.”
Eagle Crest is partnering with NextEra Energy, Inc., the U.S.’s biggest clean energy developer, to build a 1.3 gigawatt, pumped-hydro facility near a sun-baked crossroads named Desert Center. The $2 billion project, already approved by federal regulators, could stockpile enough electricity to power nearly 1 million homes.
It will utilize two pits left over from a defunct iron-ore mine dug into the side of a mountain. During the day—when solar power floods the grid—pumps will move water to the upper pit, ready for release at night. Lowe estimates it will take six years to build.”
Read more: Bloomberg | May 24, 2017
Beyond Batteries: Other Ways to Capture and Store Energy
“Eagle Crest Energy Co. plans to build a $2 billion pumped-hydropower facility at an abandoned iron mine east of Palm Springs, Calif. The plant would have a capacity of 1,300 megawatts, enough to power nearly one million homes, and would be able to generate power for about 10 hours at a time. The plant could soak up excess power overnight, when demand is slack, and during the day, when California’s solar farms are churning out electricity, and then return the juice in the evening, after the sun sets and power use rises in cities and towns. Several similar projects are awaiting government permits.”
Read more: Wall Street Journal | May 21, 2017
Pumped Up: Renewables Growth Revives Old Energy-Storage Method
“Newer technologies for energy storage—including batteries, flywheels, compressed air and ice—are under development, but the proven, old-school solution of storing water as a proxy for power is attracting renewed respect from utilities and environmentalists aiming to fight climate change. It helps solve a big problem as power companies invest in renewable energy, which doesn’t always produce electricity when it is most needed.
California, for example, set a record for solar-power production in early July. But peak demand for electricity comes in the early evening, long after solar production has peaked. Pumped storage gives producers a way to bank energy for future use.”
Read More: Wall Street Journal | July 22, 2016
How Do We Get to 100% Renewable Energy? Could be Storage, Storage, Storage
“2. Storage is becoming part of the power plant
New energy storage deployments demonstrate just how quickly we can overcome the limit that the sunset creates for solar. The trajectory of energy storage substituting for conventional generation can be traced from actual practices. Beyond the early or largest examples of non-battery energy storage recently illustrated in the New York Times, going forward, there is widespread and dramatic potential for the use of battery storage by businesses and hybrid power plants.
Battery storage added at a power plant, both conventional and renewables, can take on duties that were met by old generators. First seen in remote locations, battery storage paired with generation began in isolated grids in places like Hawaii and Chile where ancillary services from very small generator fleets were unavailable or constraining the grid operations. This helped establish the technical and commercial foundation for expansion to larger grids in the United States.
Recent energy storage deployments now demonstrate a turning point. Present state-of-the-art technology adoption includes manufacturer General Electric (GE) adding energy storage to improve the performance of its line of peaking plants.
With short duration storage now understood as providing ancillary and essential services, GE is delivering hybrid plants with storage and a gas turbine integrated in a system with a single set of controls. The GE hybrid system uses the storage to provide the reliability capabilities of the gas generator with instantaneous response, regardless of whether the unit is started and burning fuel when response is needed.”
Old Coal Mines Get Revived in an Attempt to Promote Clean Energy
“For that reason, developers have begun to look in other places to try and find an alternative solution, and that’s when they thought about pumped water storage technology. Whether this technology will work in the old mines remains to be seen, but developers from the UK to Germany, to the US are all willing to give it a go. | https://www.californiarenewablesolutions.org/resources/ |
As a front line manager of 10-15 associates, the Team Supervisor will provide coaching, guidance, and mentorship to drive achievement of individual and team performance goals.
The Team Supervisor is responsible for providing timely and efficient service to our Sellers by optimizing the productivity of team that results in a perfect Seller Interaction.
Other responsibilities include interviewing, training, performance management and employee engagement. The successful candidate will have a commitment to achieving excellence in the Associates and Seller experience, and therefore a strong record of customer focus, a passion for employee development and a keen interest in process improvement are key requirements for this role.
Summary of Responsibilities*Manages performance and behavior of 12-15 Seller Support Associates through effective 1 : 1 meetings, coaching, and mentorship.
set goals implementing action plans to resolve performance barriers as needed.*Reviews and analyzes performance metrics to identify areas of opportunity that will drive performance improvement.
in-time adjustments to ensure staffing requirements are met to achieve service levels goals. Manages schedules, monitors adherence, time-
off planning, and attendance in partnership with Workforce Management.*Participates in daily Kaizen events to identify and implement process improvement change initiatives.
BASIC QUALIFICATIONS Solution focused, with passion for people leadership and a drive to nurture a culture of innovation reinforcing the value of the Amazon leadership principles.
Excels at providing coaching and mentoring to others with a goal of achieving success. Advocate for Associate engagement, fostering teamwork and collaboration towards achieving team goals.
The ideal candidate will have a demonstrated ability to lead by example, motivate others to excellence and insist on the highest standards around performance, behaviors, and Seller interactions. | https://neuvoo.es/view/?id=9ba6bcc3fda7 |
Senior Manager - Member Experience/Call Center Team
- Expired: December 04, 2020. Applications are no longer accepted.
This individual will have the responsibility for leading across Member Experience/Call Center teams to ensure a seamless customer journey through setting relevant policy, procedures, quality standards, customer service standards, and ensuring their delivery to all existing subscription and potential customers. Partner with MX leadership and People team to ensure that defined promises are properly designed, implemented and monitored and that each is evaluated for its effectiveness.
Ensure that Firstleaf's core messages are integrated consistently across all MX deliverables. Create the best possible conditions for converting enquiries into subscriptions, through the consistent implementation of effective telemarketing practice and outstanding customer care.
Provide the Member Experience Team with supportive and focused leadership to enable them to reach their individual and ensure the work of the team is carried out professionally, effectively and to high standards.
- Oversee call center operations (inbound and outbound phones, tickets and chat)
- Manage activities of 3rd party call center ensuring high quality and efficient support services
- Ensure training and readiness for new product and service launches
- Oversee and manage tools to deliver support at scale, up to and including ticketing, phones, campaigns, help desk and customer feedback tools
- Providing guidance to direct reports, typically comprising first-line managers, supervisors and leads
- Oversee and liaise between specialty job functions within MX and 3rd party vendors to maintain business continuity •
- Devise, create and track weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual operating metrics and reports
- Ability to quickly pull and discern data to make department adjustments day to day
- Liaise across functions with peers in other groups to ensure collaboration for shared goals
- Ensure clarity around priorities and goals for the entire functional area
- Communicate financial and goal results and key performance indicators to direct reports
- Partner with Sr. Director MX to create and then facilitate goal-level creation for the broader function and ensure the goal cascade to all MX team
- Identify, lead, coach and develop 3+ leaders and over 40+ support agents combined between onshore and offshore to deliver against targets and progress against personal development goals
- Contribute regularly to leadership team discussions about MX projects and initiatives
- Act as a role-model within the company, providing timely appreciative and constructive feedback to peers and other key stakeholders
- Take ownership for personal development and work with MX senior leadership and Head of People to develop and implement a focused and straightforward Personal Development Plan
- Attend trainings and complete online trainings to stay up to date with the specifications of new products and service offerings
Requirements
- 5+ years experience building and managing a large customer support operation
- 5+ years managing high performance teams
- Experience with support tools including ticketing and knowledge management
- Proven track record of having exceptional analytical, strategic, and problem-solving skills
- Incredible perseverance and drive, manifested in a strong work ethic and a willingness to roll up your sleeves and do whatever needs to be done
- The ability to thrive in an extremely fast-paced, essential and ever-changing environment, make quick judgments and defend decisions, and to radiate positivity even while under pressure
- Proven track record of employee development
- Ability to collaborate and communicate effectively
- Strong motivational skills that are visible to the team(s) and business
- ZenDesk, Five9, Playvox experience is a plus
Benefits
Working with the world's best wine company isn't enough?
Seriously though, we offer remote work, and a location agnostic philosophy added to a very flexible work schedule. Unlimited vacation time. Further, we offer a truly competitive compensation package with bonus and stock options grants, plus choices with medical, dental and vision.coverage. Flexible Spending Accounts. Life insurance, 401(k), Employee Assistance Program, Discounted pet insurance. And to top it off: a wine credit and discount with Firstleaf. | https://www.ziprecruiter.com/c/Penrose-Hill/Job/Senior-Manager-Member-Experience-Call-Center-Team/-in-New-York,NY?jid=87ab8cde8d535b08&lvk=vuZt_ZIAw1kYQr-FxPhkWg.--LpbFe2twJ&tsid=152015010 |
The Rapid Implementation Team is the newest segment of the growing Walgreens Boots Alliance Procurement Team. The roles within this team will focus primarily on the execution of game changing procurement initiatives aimed at driving optimal value through the organization. Leaders in this role will look beyond traditional procurement practices, helping the organization challenge the status quo to identify breakthrough programs, significantly impacting the value brought to the organization by the Procurement Team. These roles will be responsible for executing and implementing innovative procurement strategies across the organization for indirect goods and services with consistent exposure to the organization's senior leadership.
Job Responsibilities
Directs and executes strategic sourcing strategies, best practices, and initiatives that support aggressive improvements in supplier quality, total cost effectiveness, enhanced service levels, improved coordination, delivery, pricing, lead-times, payment, risk compliance and other areas as identified.
Executes category sourcing strategies including development and execution of RFI's and RFP's, documents bid events through correspondence to suppliers; develops selection criteria and drives the selection of suppliers in collaboration with a cross-functional teams; conducts supplier negotiations and ongoing supplier management.
Actively seeks ways to streamline business processes; researches and provides information on industry category trends and best practices. Provides procurement input to maximize procurement leverage, optimizes project design and minimizes project durations and cost.
Develops negotiation strategies, gains alignment from stakeholders, leads cross-functional, category-based negotiation teams, and implements appropriate supplier risk analysis. Directly negotiates with suppliers that require a detailed strategic plan and have a direct correlation with Walgreens operational needs and goals.
Uses current spend information/data and business knowledge to identify sourcing projects for individual subcategories, and develops an overall cost reduction plan. Demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of business requirements and category ownership by creating and defending category strategies and decisions with sound analytics. Delegates analytic tasks to key support functions; and synthesizes results.
Develops supplier score card to measure supplier performance against agreed upon key performance indicators; tracks compliance and supports formal management reporting to director and other members of senior management. Benchmark, track, and analyze annual performance metrics and sourcing trends against budget on a monthly basis to demonstrate continuous improvement and progress against strategic objectives. Implement supplier management programs with key suppliers including metrics, performance goals, and improvement initiatives.
Monitors supplier performance to ensure that delivery dates and technical and contractual requirements are met. Participates in strategic meetings with suppliers and business leaders to ensure execution of defined strategies. Manages day-to-day on-going category supplier relations and seeks out growth or revision opportunities within supply base. Acts as the internal point of contact for supplier management and complaint resolution; conducts regular supplier meetings and implements improvement strategies with suppliers. Creates, nurtures, and enhances supplier relationships.
Aggressively manages category performance by adhering to internal Savings goals and reviewing financial models for commodity type items. Ensures spend portfolio for reoccurring managed spend is balanced through coordinated sourcing waves and leveraged with Capital project sourcing activities.
Drives consolidation of spend and seeks out synergies across Business Units where applicable, by forming and leading cross-functional strategic sourcing teams to develop and implement category/commodity strategies and to drive cost from individual spend sub-categories. Champions weekly category review meetings with cross-functional teams to manage category performance.
May cultivate team morale, motivation, and loyalty through continuous training and mentorship, setting obtainable performance goals, proving clear communication and constructive feedback.
Walgreens, one of the nation's largest drugstore chains, is included in the Retail Pharmacy USA Division of Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc., the first global pharmacy-led, health and wellbeing enterprise. More than 10 million customers interact with Walgreens each day in communities across America, using the most convenient, multichannel access to consumer goods and services and trusted, cost-effective pharmacy, health and wellness services and advice. Walgreens operates 8,175 drugstores with a presence in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Walgreens omnichannel business includes Walgreens.com. Approximately 400 Walgreens stores offer Healthcare Clinic or other provider retail clinic services.
As the neighborhood drugstore and retailer, our goal is to make health and happiness simpler, easier and within reach. And we remain a trusted wellness provider offering convenient access to important health services, such as immunizations and an array of pharmacy services that can help patients improve their health. To our team members, Walgreens represents a unique opportunity to excel in their careers in a welcoming and inclusive environment. We offer the chance to work in a truly supportive environment, and be a part of a progressive organization dedicated to the well-being of our customers, team members and the communities we all call home.
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Space and Airborne Systems (SAS) has an exciting opportunity for an e3 business operating system leader in our Van Nuys, CA operations. e3 provides a common language, processes, and metrics across the enterprise and includes regular reviews and performance metrics to drive continuous improvement. Every employee in every function and in every aspect of the organization uses e3 every day of the year as part of their job.
The SAS e3 Team strives for operational excellence across all business and functional areas and processes by deploying Lean tools and Six Sigma principles. The e3 team plays an active role in driving accelerated operating and financial performance through continuous process improvement and execution of breakthrough strategies. The selected candidate will work closely with each of the Sectors/Functional organizations to develop and manage the execution of strategic initiatives. This position requires sound leadership, operations and productivity improvement knowledge, keen core finance and business acumen, and excellent communications and interpersonal skills.
Essential Functions:
- Lead Manufacturing, Test, Quality, Supply Chain, Program Management and/or functional organizations / teams through L3Harris e3 strategy, lean continuous improvement projects and kaizen events to achieve maximum effectiveness, efficiency and productivity.
- Responsible for achieving assigned financial and key performance indicators/metrics.
- Responsible for development and execution of assigned lean roadmap activities.
- Grow the next generation of belt/lean trained employees through training, mentoring, and targeted learning/knowledge transfer opportunities.
- Experienced in application of lean/six sigma tools, principals, and problem-solving methodologies.
- Strong analytical and problem-solving skills.
- Exceptional interpersonal/written communication skills; effectively interact with all levels of management.
- Ability to work and/or lead multiple projects with limited direction.
- Implement lean initiatives to identify and eliminate waste out of processes, reduce cycle times, and drive cost savings.
Qualifications:
- Bachelor’s Degree and minimum 9 years of prior relevant experience. Graduate Degree and a minimum of 7 years of prior related experience.
- Experienced in Lean Manufacturing; Lean Six Sigma Green Belt and/or Black Belt certified.
Preferred Additional Skills:
- Proven leadership skills with collaborative management style that will facilitate interaction with executives, colleagues and corporate partners.
- Proficient-proven individual contributor with ability to lead through influence.
- Effective presentation and meeting skills is preferred.
- Proven track record lean/continuous improvement projects success.
- Strong project management, analytical skills, financial and business acumen is preferred.
- Self-starter, action oriented, “can do” attitude, resourceful, and team focused. | https://www.isixsigma.com/job/lead-continuous-improvement/ |
While institutions have been investing in efforts to close achievement gaps, they remain. With a growing emphasis on data analytics focusing on socio-cultural groupings, some institutions make choices that benefit students while others may simply reinforce past behavior and potentially increase achievement gaps. Emerging neuroscience points to malleable intrapersonal competencies that align with desired career readiness skills that currently aren’t utilized in data analytics.
This session describes one university’s intention to cultivate intrapersonal competencies through first-year, first-time student (FTIC) enrollment in a seminar class. The research team utilized random forest, cluster analysis, and inferential analysis of intrapersonal competency pre-and post-seminar assessments to determine which socio-cultural groupings and which intrapersonal competencies were predicting end-of-term grade point average (EOT GPA). In addition, the research team sought to illustrate for whom achievement gaps - as defined by EOT GPA - were being closed, while also discovering where the institution maybe creating harm in students’ intrapersonal competency development.
Findings revealed two distinct clusters with significantly different EOT GPA. Significant differences between the EOT GPA clusters were explained more by intrapersonal competencies scores, rather than significant differences in ethnicity, except for those who identified as Asian whose psychological well-being scores significantly decreased over the course of the semester. Such findings suggest that intrapersonal competency measures may be useful for colleges and universities to identify how to support specific socio-cultural groupings to ensure success for all students. | https://papers.iafor.org/submission62782/ |
Intern in our group
Our group becomes more and more international. For three months we will host Ms. Hanna Braun from Germany. Hanna is a Ph.D. student at Ulm University, where she works in the group of Prof. Timo Jacob. She also collaborates with prof. Radim Beránek as part of the Solar-driven chemistry project.
Group photo
Thanks to the progressive vaccination against SARS-Cov19, we managed to get together at the roof of our Faculty to take a group photo.
New publication
Our new paper submitted to The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters has been selected by the Editors to be announced on the cover page. The paper entitled “Combined Spectroscopic Methods of Determination of Density of Electronic States: Comparative Analysis of Diffuse Reflectance Spectroelectrochemistry and Reversed Double-Beam Photoacoustic Spectroscopy” (M. Kobielusz, B Nitta, A., Ohtani, W Macyk; J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2021, 12, 3019–3025) show how complementary information on the density of electronic states of photocatalysts can be gathered using diffuse reflectance spectroelectrochemistry (SE-DRS) and reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy (RDB-PAS). The comparative analysis shows that both methods provide valuable information which can be used in understanding and predicting the photo(electro)catalytic activity of semiconductors.
An interview with Paweł Mikrut
An interview with Paweł Mikrut, in which he talks about his PRELUDIUM project, has been published on the Rzecz o website.
The most read article
“How To Correctly Determine the Band Gap Energy of Modified Semiconductor Photocatalysts Based on UV–Vis Spectra” is the most read article in the Journal Physical chemistry Letter in the previous 12 months.
Kasidid got married!
Congratulations!
Award
Paweł Mikrut was nominated for the international “Scientist of the Future” Award in the category of “Exact and Technical Sciences for an Innovative Future”.
Scholarship positions – Sonata project
We offer 2 positions for students to work in Sonata (NCN) project: “Studies on the interaction of semiconductors with metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and its influence on photoinduced processes”. For more details please see the attached file.
Professor Macyk among the most influential people of science…
Professor Macyk was on the TOP 2% list of the best scientists in the world. The ranking – developed by Stanford University in cooperation with the Elsevier publishing house and SciTech Strategies – evaluates the entire scientific output of individual researchers according to a bibliometric index, which takes into account criteria such as the Hirsch index, number of citations (including self-citations), Impact Factor, place and role on list of authors (first, last place). | http://fotokataliza.pl/author/marcin/ |
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Factors influencing pricing in the accommodation sector in South Africa (University of Pretoria, 2011)Price is a significant factor of competitiveness. Price is a complex issue and is determined by a variety of demand and supply factors. These factors also differ from industry to industry. The purpose of this article is ...
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Family-related antecedents of early adolescent immigrants' psychological and sociocultural school adjustment in Germany (Sage, 2014)Immigrant students in many European countries have lower educational attainments than their mainstream classmates. The present study investigated family-related conditions for early adolescents’ acculturation orientations ...
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‘Festivalscape’ factors influencing visitors’ loyalty to an agri-festival in South Africa (AOSIS, 2015)Orientation: The NAMPO Harvest Day is the largest festival of its kind in the southern hemisphere. To sustain the festival’s success, it is important to assess which ‘festivalscape’ factors influence visitors’ ...
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Financial literacy needs of South African third-year university students (Clute Institute, 2013)It is evident from the literature that financial education and financial training fail in South Africa, which results in tertiary institutions sending their students into the world with a lack of preparedness for the ...
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Finding the key to success: a visitors' perspective at a national arts festival (AOSIS, 2012)Abstract: Finding the key to success: a visitors’ perspective at a national arts festival Purpose and/or objectives: The purpose of this article was to segment festival visitors at the Klein Karoo National Arts Festival ...
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First time versus repeat triathlon participants at Ironman South Africa (AFAHPER-SD, 2014)Triathlon organisers and marketers must attempt to achieve a balance between first-time and repeat participants, but should be aware of the attributes that differentiate these participants. This study was carried out to ...
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First-time versus repeat visitors : the Volksblad Arts Festival (Sun Media Bloemfontein (SUNMeDIA), 2010)
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First-time versus repeat visitors at the Kruger National Park (AOSIS, 2014)Purpose: The aim of this research is to segment visitors at the Kruger National Park based on the frequency of visitation in order to distinguish between first-time and repeat park visitors. Problem investigated: The ...
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Fiscal policy and revenue management in resource-rich African countries: A comparative study of Norway and Nigeria (Taylor & Francis, 2014)This study assesses ways in which oil-rich countries can escape the ‘resource curse’ through the implementation of effective fiscal and revenue management policies. A comparative study of the policies of Norway and Nigeria ...
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Flagging potential fraudulent investment activity (Emerald, 2016)Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the use of the bias ratio as a possible early indicator of financial fraud - specifically in the reporting of hedge fund returns. In the wake of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, ...
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Flexicurity gemeten: een vragenlijst over flexibiliteit en zekerheid voor organisatie en werknemer (Boom Lemma Uitgewers, 2011)Flexicurity, the balance between security and flexibility, is an important theme in Human Resource Management in Europe for employers as well as employees (Freese, Paauwe & Schalk, 2009). A questionnaire was developed to ...
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For the like of the game: assessing the role of social media engagement in football consumer outcomes (AJHTL, 2016)The rise of social media use has altered the marketing context globally. In this regard, sport consumerism in particular has been influenced by the need of fans to communicate in real time and through remote means accessed ...
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Forecasting the South African business cycle using Fourier Analysis (Clute Institute, 2016)A Fourier transform analysis is proposed to determine the duration of the South African business cycle, measured using log changes in nominal gross domestic product (GDP). The most prominent cycle (two smaller, but ...
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Forecasting tourist arrivals in South Africa (2010)The aim of this paper is to model and forecast tourism to South Africa from the country's main intercontinental tourism markets. These include Great Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, the United States of America and France. | http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/1867/browse?rpp=20&order=ASC&sort_by=1&etal=-1&type=title&starts_with=F |
For college graduates in the class of 2019, 73% of potential employers have screened job candidates by GPA, according to the Job Outlook 2019 survey. Moreover, most industries had a GPA cutoff, and students needed at least a B average before their résumé was considered.
Is GPA a good indicator of job success?
We continue to push students towards high grades in order to prove their potential, but an NYU study says that a high GPA is not only not an indicator of success, it’s actually inversely correlated with one of the most important 21st Century Skills: Innovation.
Does GPA matter for work?
While some employers ask for your GPA, most will not solely rely on it when making hiring decisions. If you feel uncomfortable, you do not need to include it unless it is specifically requested. You can emphasize other academic achievements you received to showcase your talents as a student.
What GPA do most employers look for?
If your GPA isn’t exceptional, you can likely omit it from your resume. To make an impact on a hiring manager, a GPA should be at least 3.5 or higher. You graduated more than three years ago.
Does GPA determine your future?
Your grades can help you plan for your future. In fact, you can use your GPA a lot like your GPS to determine where you are and where you are going. The more you know about your strengths and opportunities for improvement, the better you’ll know where you need to apply yourself more.
What GPA did Bill Gates have?
But once upon a time, he was a pasty high school student who struggled to focus, got bullied, and ended up with a 2.2 GPA. Unhappy with this 2.2 GPA, Bill Gates spent an entire summer studying to up his GPA to an impressive 4.0.
Can you get a job with a low GPA?
If you have a low GPA, you’ll also need to alter your job search accordingly. A resume with a low GPA will likely never make it out of the slush pile, so your better bet is to find jobs through networking rather than online resume submission.
Can I get a job with a 3.0 GPA?
Show Off Your Major GPA – Your overall GPA may be less than a 3.0, but if the GPA in your major is above a 3.0, this can be a great selling point to employers, especially if you are looking for a job in your field. Be sure to highlight this on your resume if applicable.
Can I get a job with a 3.5 GPA?
GPAs in Resumes
In general, GPAs should not be included in a resume if: The GPA is less than 3.5. The applicant is more than three years out of college. The applicant has earned a higher degree that is more relevant for the position.
Do grades predict income?
While good grades do offer an upward lift for recent graduates entering the job market, there is inconclusive evidence to connect college GPA to long-term earnings. However, there is a strong link between income and which school a student attends.
Do grades really matter?
Good grades can lead to more scholarships
Better grades, higher test scores, and involvement in a variety of activities can help a student get more money for college. Grades can also be a factor for consideration into an honor society in college.
Do grades determine intelligence?
Your grades do not define your intellectual abilities. While good grades do look impressive on paper and can yield numerous benefits, they do not accurately represent one’s intellectual abilities.
Do grades determine success?
While achieving good grades is a common desire for college students, recent research has shown making good grades is not the only factor determining one’s success after college. According to a research study conducted in 2016, personality predicts success more accurately than almost all other factors.
Do you have to be smart to get good grades?
Don’t despair. Grades don’t mean you’re not smart enough, or that you’ll never get the grades you want. Getting high marks is about working smarter, not harder. Do that, and you’ll find that getting better grades is easier than you thought.
Why Good grades are not important?
Grades create an environment that restricts innovation and creativity. They have lost their original purpose, imply failure, and undermine personal relationships. | https://antennamediatorino.eu/en/is-gpa-a-good-predictor-of-workplace-success/ |
This study was aimed at predicting individual differences in text reading fluency. The basic proposal included two factors, i.e., the ability to decode letter strings (measured by discrete pseudo-word reading) and integration of the various sub-components involved in reading (measured by Rapid Automatized Naming, RAN). Subsequently, a third factor was added to the model, i.e., naming of discrete digits. In order to use homogeneous measures, all contributing variables considered the entire processing of the item, including pronunciation time. The model, which was based on commonality analysis, was applied to data from a group of 43 typically developing readers (11-to 13-year-olds) and a group of 25 chronologically matched dyslexic children. In typically developing readers, both orthographic decoding and integration of reading sub-components contributed significantly to the overall prediction of text reading fluency. The model prediction was higher (from ca. 37 to 52% of the explained variance) when we included the naming of discrete digits variable, which had a suppressive effect on pseudo-word reading. In the dyslexic readers, the variance explained by the two-factor model was high (69%) and did not change when the third factor was added. The lack of a suppression effect was likely due to the prominent individual differences in poor orthographic decoding of the dyslexic children. Analyses on data from both groups of children were replicated by using patches of colors as stimuli (both in the RAN task and in the discrete naming task) obtaining similar results. We conclude that it is possible to predict much of the variance in text-reading fluency using basic processes, such as orthographic decoding and integration of reading sub-components, even without taking into consideration higher-order linguistic factors such as lexical, semantic and contextual abilities. The approach validity of using proximal vs. distal causes to predict reading fluency is discussed. | https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/modeling-individual-differences-in-text-reading-fluency-a-differe |
Three reasons behind record SSC pass rate says Education Minister Dipu Moni
This year’s exams were limited to three elective subjects and an abbreviated syllabus while the question papers offered many options to students, which likely contributed to better results this year, she said at a press briefing on Thursday.
Approximately 2.2 million students from 29,060 institutions sat for their exams this year.
Of the examinees, 183,340 or 8.18 percent scored a grade point average, or GPA, of 5.0.
The latest pass rate is a 10.71 percentage point jump from the previous rate in 2020, according to data from the education authorities.
Of the examinees, 135,898 received a GPA of 5.0, 47,442 more than last year.
The pass rate for the SSC and equivalent exams was 82.87 percent last year.
The total number of students who took the exams exceeded last year’s by 200,000, which is partially responsible for the rise in the number of GPA 5.0 recipients, the minister said.
‘Additional’ stress amid the coronavirus pandemic has been a major factor behind the failure of 6.42 percent of students, said Dipu Moni.
“It’s great that the pass rate has increased. At the same time, our examinees faced different types of stress. They confronted different problems, including family issues,” she said.
“They had additional stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of them were traumatised after losing loved ones. We must consider those issues.”
Many students have different types of disabilities or other problems, the minister said. Some students may fall sick or suffer a nervous breakdown and cannot attain good results in the exams despite studying hard, she explained.
HOW SUBJECT MAPPING WAS DONE
The government decided the SSC and equivalent tests would have reduced syllabi of three elective subjects in consideration of the setbacks caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Students were also graded based on their performance in JSC and JDC exams, which is called ‘subject mapping.’
The examinees sat for tests on three elective subjects, while they were graded for the remaining compulsory subjects through subject mapping from their JSC and JDC exams performance, the minister said.
“They had to take the exams on elective subjects. Then for the compulsory subjects, like Bengali or English, we considered their score in JSC and JDC.”
For the fourth subject, (apart from the three elective subjects) the compulsory subject related to it was considered and the result was determined through subject mapping, she said.
“For example, the students who had higher math as their fourth subject did not have higher math in JSC and JDC. In that case, we determined the score considering their performances in general math in JSC and JDC.”
For those who had biology as their fourth subject, the authorities considered the science subject to determine the score. This was how subject mapping was done, the minister said. | https://exposetimes.com/three-reasons-behind-record-ssc-pass-rate-says-education-minister-dipu-moni/ |
We have developed some softwares for bioinformatics analysis. You may need to register for the use of some of them.
An integrated platform providing high quality gene interactions data in human mitochondrion and useful tools to analysis interaction network.
A comprehensive microRNA target repository of bidirectional interspecies regulation between viruses and human.
Cepa utilizes pathawy topology information to find significant pathways. It highlights improtant genes in the pathway from different aspect that realtes to biological functions.
SiGPAT is a useful tool based on gene set analysis for microarray data. It can find significant expression pattern of gene sets by pri-defined biological knowledge and can help users to determine whether genes are singular up regulated or down regulated or with both up and down regulation under certain biological circumstances.
MiRmat is a software designed to predict mature microRNA from pri-microRNA. This tool can be divided into two parts, one is for predicting Drosha processing site, which is based on energy distribution pattern along primary microRNA's secondary structure; the other is for predicting Dicer processing site, which is based on precursor microRNA's structure feature.
MACO is a Position Frequency Matrix(PFM) comparing application that implements a gap-allowed alignment algorithm. You may compare your PFM with those collected in our dataset.
Flexible Motif Search (FMS) is a transcription factor binding site prediction tool. It reads position frequency matrices(PFMs)/consensus sequences and DNA sequences in FASTA/Genbank as the input. FMS searhes the input motifs along the DNA sequences and outputs plot, position of matching sites and clusters of these sites. Motifs which are related to the input motifs can also be retrieved from the MACO interface.
PMSearch (Poly Matrix Search) is a tool that utilizes Position Weight Matrices to search for putative Transcription Factor Binding Sites. PMSearch takes Position Frequency Matrices (PFMs) and DNA sequences to initiate a prediction task. The user may upload motifs/matrices (Position Frequency Matrices, PFM or Position Weight Matrices, PWM))or retrieve PFMs from our local dataset as input. We currently have 507 PFMs downloaded from Transfac Public Database 7.0 and JASPAR. Besides PFMs, the user may add multiple sequences in FASTA or Genbank format. PMSearch outputs a plot, a table of location, score and motif of each high scoring site and clusters of these sites. PFMs which are relative to each input PFM could be retrieved respectively to assist promoter analysis.
This program is designed to predict the miRNA precursor with a new secondary structure prediction algorithm that is special for the stem-loop structure for the miRNA precursor. We do not limit the miRNA precursor to pri-miRNA or pre-miRNA as the cutting site of Drosha is not clear enough and the length limitation of pri-miRNA is also under research.
© 2013. M3 Laboratory, School of Life Science, Nanjing University. | http://mcube.nju.edu.cn/jwang/software.html |
This chapter presents guidelines relevant to finite-element-model construction and analysis methods for predicting the motion and deformation of optics. A key idea to be conveyed is that an analyst's choice of how to model optical components is dependent on several factors. The most obvious factor, of course, is that the mechanical behavior of the hardware will require that certain modeling features and methods be used in order to accurately predict a system's true behavior. However, consideration of this factor alone would lead to the construction of finite element models that capture the mechanical detail of every fillet and stress riser in the system. This approach is certainly not practical when schedule and cost constraints are prohibitive of such an effort. Fortunately, predicting most optomechanical performance metrics do not require models capable of such extensive mechanical representation. Often, only first-order mechanical behavior is needed to provide sufficient accuracy in the prediction of optical performance. Another important factor in the choice of a modeling method is how the analysis results will be used. For example, if the goal of an analysis is to compare several design concepts in the early phases of a feasibility study, then simple models that may not accurately predict the absolute behavior may nevertheless be effective in providing relative performance predictions among the various design concepts. By presenting an array of modeling methods, each with their own limitations and strengths, it is hoped that the reader becomes better able to make the best modeling decisions to meet the technical, schedule, and cost requirements of any optomechanical displacement analysis task.
Optomechanical Displacement Analysis Methods
Shibboleth users login
to see if you have access. | https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/ebooks/PM/Integrated-Optomechanical-Analysis-Second-Edition/Chapter5/Optomechanical-Displacement-Analysis-Methods/10.1117/3.974624.ch5 |
The World Ocean Council (WOC) is beginning work with industry to develop meaningful, practical targets that can link the realities of responsible ocean business operations to the broad, aspirational Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The 4th WOC Sustainable Ocean Summit (SOS), Rotterdam, 30 Nov-2 Dec 2016 - with its theme of “Ocean 2030: Sustainable Development Goals and the Ocean Business Community” - will focus on the shared future for both a healthy ocean and healthy ocean businesses.
Adopted by the U.N. in 2015, the SDGs provide 17 ambitious goals to guide global development from 2016 to 2030. One of the goals - the “Ocean SDG” - aims to “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”.
The World Ocean Council (WOC) was the only ocean business organisation consistently engaged in the SDG process and produced a report for WOC Members analysing the SDG’s business implications and opportunities. Ocean industries received an insider briefing on the SDGs at the 2015 WOC Sustainable Ocean Summit (SOS).
The WOC is beginning a process to foster and facilitate industry determining what the SDGs mean for the ocean business community, especially the Ocean SDG and its broad, cross-cutting aims, e.g. reduce pollution, avoid ecosystem impacts, increase marine protected areas.
How can ocean industries provide leadership and collaboration to ensure the SDGs for the ocean are practical, implementable and measurable, support responsible economic activity, and advance development that can be sustained? How can governments, industry and other ocean stakeholders best collaborate on ocean sustainable development?
The WOC SDG report reviews the SDGs applicable to the ocean business community, identifies key aspects of the relevant SDGs and notes which ocean industry sectors will be most affected by them. The report evaluates and outlines the opportunities and potential courses of action for ocean industries regarding:
·Ensuring access to sea-space and marine resources
·Participating in multi-stakeholder dialogues
·Ensuring a sound business environment
·Supporting long-term business viability
·Improving risk management
·Addressing risks of engagement and non-engagement
At the 4th WOC Sustainable Ocean Summit (SOS), Rotterdam, 30 Nov-2 Dec 2016, the ocean business community will gather to continue its leadership, collaboration and commitment to sustaining the interconnected environment, people and economy of the ocean – but now with the added focus and framework of the SDGs. | https://www.eco-business.com/press-releases/world-ocean-day-sustainable-development-goals-for-the-ocean-business/ |
Brussels, 10 May 2004
Seas and oceans are a vital resource for Europe and the world, particularly in terms of fishing and extracting minerals. But our oceans are now under intense pressure from over-exploitation and more than ever need to be managed in a sustainable way. To help ensure the protection and sustainable use of marine resources, 500 leading scientists, policy makers and other stakeholders will meet today, and for three days, at the EUROCEAN2004 conference in Galway (Ireland). The Commission will present latest EU research on marine science, with 130 projects focusing on issues such as marine and ecosystem biodiversity, marine genomics, and ocean drilling.
"In the last two decades, the European Commission has funded more than 300 research projects on marine science, covering issues such as marine bio-diversity, conservation, fisheries, marine security and forecasting, deep-sea resources and coastal management" says European Research Commissioner Philippe Busquin. "The results of these efforts confirm Europe's leading position in this field of research. But excellence in science needs to be turned into applicable and best practice solutions. The conference, EUROCEAN 2004, is the best forum to discuss these research conclusions to help design future policies and strategies to help safeguard our marine environment."
EUROCEAN, top marine science conference
The first EUROCEAN conference took place in Brussels, Belgium (1994), followed by Sorrento, Italy (1996), Lisbon, Portugal (1998) and Hamburg, Germany (2000). EUROCEAN 2004, being held in Galway 10-13 May 2004, should pave the way for the future of the European (marine) Research Area.
EUROCEAN2004 is jointly organised by the European Commission and the Irish Presidency of the European Union. EU-funded marine research project participants will showcase their research and development (R&D) results at the conference. More than 130 research projects will be presented. Some 500 participants are expected to attend the conference. Three key projects being presented at the conference include Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (MARBEF), Marine Genomics and the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD).
MARBEF
MARBEF is a "network of excellence" that aims to create a group of marine scientists and virtual European institute with long-term research programmes and links with industry and the public at large.
This involves the co-ordination of research, training and exchanges in areas such as marine ecology and biogeochemistry, fisheries biology, taxonomy and socio-economic sciences. This will help the EU fulfil its international obligations and uphold EU environmental legislation in this field.
The network will also work with industries specialising on the sustainable use and exploitation of marine biodiversity such as tourism, fisheries and aquaculture, as well as with new industries that focus on marine genetics and chemical products.
Marine genomics
"Marine Genomics" is a network of excellence that studies different genomic approaches to marine life to look into the functioning of marine ecosystems and the biology of marine organisms. It will gather experts in genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics from several centres of excellence in genomics across Europe, with marine biologists who can make use of "high-throughput genomics data".
Scientists will look into the evolution development and diversity of microbial, algal, fish and shellfish patterns. Research results will be useful in forecasting global changes in marine populations, the conservation of biodiversity and fisheries management, the improvement of aquacultured species and "gene mining" for health and biotechnology. The network will jointly create a common Bioinformatics Centre.
ECORD
Deep ocean drilling provides a wealth of information on marine ecosystems to support sustainable marine resource management. ECORD gathers 15 European research funding organisations participating in the international Integrated Ocean Drilling Programme (IODP). ECORD is supported by a EU-funded "European Research Area Network" (ERA-Net) co-ordinated by the "Institut de Physique du Globe - INSU-CNRS", in Paris. Member organisations will share information and best practice through ECORD to present high-quality research initiatives at the international level. By pooling their national funding of shore-based research, the national programmes involved will also encourage European laboratories to develop specific areas of geo-science expertise.
Six main themes
EUROCEAN2004 will feature six parallel thematic sessions, each of them will last half a day and will be organized around presentations from high-level speakers:
- The role of ecosystem and biodiversity research in conservation of natural reserves and marine resources
Forecasting and disseminating research in support of the security of the maritime environment
The EU 6th Research Framework Programme (FP6 2002-2006), the European Research Area-(ERA) and the European Marine Research Area
Natural and human impact on coastal ecosystems
Exploration of the European ocean margin and deep-sea resources and ecosystem
The contribution of the young generations to the future of the European Marine Research Area
Annex
The European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD-net)
Co-ordinator of ECORD-net, Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers CNRS, France [email protected] ;
Director of ECORD Managing Agency, IPGP CNRS, France
PARTNERS
France: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (CNRS / INSU)
Germany: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
Iceland: The Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNÍS)ientific Research (NWO)
Norway: Research Council of Norway (NFR)
Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Sc
Portugal: Office for International Relations in Science and Higher Education (GRICES)
Sweden: Swedish Research Council (VR)
Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
United Kingdom: National Environment Research Council (NERC)
Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (MARBEF)
Co-ordinator: Heip, Carlo Netherlands Institute of Ecology Centre for Estuarine and Marine Ecology (General Coordinator, email:
[email protected] ) [Table and further information]
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In Our Community – Honpa Hongwanji Inducts 2020 Living Treasures
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Celebrate Buddha’s Birthday on April 2
The public is invited to celebrate Buddha’s birthday at the Hawai‘i Buddhist Council’s annual Hanamatsuri (Buddha Day) service. University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa emeritus professor of religion Dr. George Tanabe will be the guest speaker at the service, which will be held Sunday, April 2, at Jodo Mission of Hawaii (1429 Makiki St.). Hanamatsuri celebrates....
Wahiawa Pineapple Festival 2017
WHO/WHAT: The Wahiawa Pineapple Festival, sponsored by the Wahiawa Historical Society, features cultural and educational booths, food booths, the 2017 festival T-shirt, a country store, vendors, handcrafters, entertainment and keiki activities. WHEN/WHERE: Saturday, May 6,...
“Oriental Faddah and Son” by Lee A. Tonouchi
WHO/WHAT: Windward Community College presents “Oriental Faddah and Son,” a semi-autobiographical chronicle of the relationship between a father and his son, delving into the nuances of an Okinawan family. This play was written by...
Herald Salutes
Reyna Kaneko has been named president of the Japan-America Society of Hawai‘i. She succeeds Lenny Yajima, who resigned to pursue other opportunities. Kaneko comes to JASH after having spent more than a decade with the Girls Scouts of Hawai‘i, where she was its chief operating officer since 2014. Kaneko also focused on the leadership, development....
Community Focus – HJCC Inauguration & Generational Award Celebration
“Celebrating the Past, Honoring the Future” was the theme of the Honolulu Japanese Chamber of Commerce’s 14th annual Inauguration and Generational Award Celebration, which was held July 18 in the Coral Ballroom on the Hilton Hawaiian Village. Large banners at the event declared the chamber’s mission: “Foster friendships, Connect B2B (business to business) and Mälama....
Community Focus – Peace Commemorated with Handbell and Shamisen Concert
Chaminade University’s Mystical Rose Oratory was the setting for the Christmas Concert for PEACE and Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day Commemoration on Dec. 7. The program by Tinkerbell, a handbells performing group from Japan, and Tsugaru Shamisen music, also from Japan, was organized by the BDK – Rev. (Yoshiaki) Fujitani Interfaith Program at Chaminade University and....
JCCH Shichi Go San Keiki Kimono Dressing
WHO/WHAT: “Shichi Go San.” literally translated as “seven, five, three,” dates back to the Meiji Era (1868-1912), when parents brought their children dressed in kimono — girls, ages 3 and 7, and boys, ages...
Community Focus – Omotesenke Domonkai Holds Hatsugama Tea Ceremony
The Omotesenke Domonkai held a Hatsugama tea ceremony in the Seiköan Tea House at the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaiʻi on Feb. 15. The ceremony commemorated the 65th anniversary of the establishment of the Hawaiʻi branch.
Mother’s Day Ceramics + Glass Sale 2018
WHO/WHAT: The University of Hawai‘i at Manoa’s annual Mother’s Day Ceramic + Glass Sale features great gifts for your mom, grandmother, aunt or grad! Proceeds support UH art students and the Department of Art. WHEN/WHERE:... | https://www.thehawaiiherald.com/category/spotlight/?filter_by=random_posts |
The Godwin-Ternbach Museum is located in Klapper Hall at Queens College. Founded in 1981 the museum holds the only comprehensive collection of art and artifacts in the borough, housing nearly 6,000 works that date from ancient to modern times, which represent global cultures from Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe and North America.
The museum organizes cultural exhibitions and programs of contemporary and historical significance for the diverse audiences of Queens and the metropolitan region—students, faculty and public alike.
The Queens College Art Center strives to serve as a resource for CUNY-generated initiatives, both in and outside of the classroom, to offer emerging artists a space to experiment and grow, and to foster interdisciplinary partnerships founded in the arts—all with a spirit of openness and inclusivity. The Art Center presents 3-5 free and public exhibitions per year, in partnership with the Kupferberg Center.
The Queens College Art Center is a successor of the Klapper Library Art Center that was based in the Queens College Art Library’s gallery founded in 1960. With more than 200 exhibitions to date, it has shown masters like Alice Neel, Joseph Cornell, Elizabeth Catlett, and Henry Chalfant and introduced scores of artists from around the globe along with emerging artists who later went on to major careers.
The Queens College Fashion and Textiles Collection contains over 2,000 dress and textile items, from 19th century day dresses to couture evening wear from the 21st century. The archive features works by designers including Adolfo, Bill Blass, Chanel, Oscar de la Renta, Perry Ellis, Galanos, Givenchy, Halston, Hattie Carnegie, Yves Saint Laurent, Valentino, Balmain, and Ungaro. It holds accessories including shoes, hats, bags, parasols, bonnets and fans, and a variety of undergarments including 19th century corsets, drawers, and cage crinolines. Additionally, it contains a group of Bedouin robes, Japanese kimono, Chinese and Korean ceremonial robes, and men’s military uniforms.
The Fashion and Textiles Collection is a vital teaching and learning tool for the students on the college campus, offering a unique hands-on experience working with a historic fashion archive as they relate to collections management to research, curating, and exhibition practices. | https://qc-cuny.libguides.com/c.php?g=1243505&p=9205098 |
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