Datasets:

Query-of-CC
/

Retrieve-Pile

Dataset card Data Studio Files Files and versions Community

Split (1)

train · ~75.4M rows (showing the first 781k)

content stringlengths 0 1.88M	url stringlengths 0 5.28k
Dysphasia is a communication disorder that occurs when parts of the brain responsible for language are damaged. This lesson will explain the different types of dysphasia, how they are caused, and what the resulting symptoms are. What Is Dysphasia? Dysphasia is a type of disorder where a person has difficulties comprehending language or speaking due to some type of damage in the parts of the brain responsible for communication. The symptoms of dysphasia vary based on the region of the brain that was damaged. There are different regions responsible for understanding language, speaking, reading, and writing, though typically they are found in the left side of the brain. Sometimes dysphasia is also referred to as aphasia, though generally it’s considered a less severe version of aphasia. Types and Symptoms There are different categories of dysphasia, separated based on their symptoms. Receptive Dysphasia People with receptive dysphasia have difficulties comprehending or receiving language. Imagine this form of dysphasia as feeling like people are always speaking to you in a foreign language. That would be so frustrating! Sometimes it can be easier to break sentences down into short, simple segments to prevent overwhelming the person with dysphasia, and it can also help to communicate in places without background noise or distractions. A person with receptive dysphasia may also have trouble reading out loud, whether the material was written by them or someone else, and they may forget information quickly. Expressive Dysphasia People with expressive dysphasia have trouble expressing themselves in words. Some people with this form of dysphasia may not be able to verbally speak or communicate at all. Or, if they can speak, they may have trouble finding the right word they want to use or may accidentally use the opposite word of the one they’re looking for, or may not make sense at all, but not realize it. In addition to verbal communication, they may also struggle with reading and writing. Imagine having clear thoughts that you can’t effectively communicate to the outside world. In many cases, this is what having expressive dysphasia feels like. Mixed Dysphasia People with mixed dysphasia suffer from the symptoms of both receptive and expressive dysphasia. They experience multiple complications understanding language and communicating successfully. They can have trouble receiving information and expressing information, and it can effect both verbal and nonverbal communications. Causes and Treatment What causes the brain damage that results in dysphasia? A common cause is stroke, a condition where blood is cut off from the brain, causing permanent damage. In can also happen from damage due to infection, injury, or brain tumor.Though there is no way to cure dysphasia, there are different treatment options that can help a person cope with the symptoms. Speech therapy is one treatment method that often helps a person learn new ways to communicate, as well as teaching them tools that may be helpful, such as speaking slowly, repeating themselves when necessary, and using drawings. Dysphasia can be an emotionally isolating experience, especially if it’s caused by a sudden injury or illness, so the person may benefit from participating in support groups. Lesson Summary Dysphasia is a type of communication disorder caused by damage to parts of the brain responsible for language interpretation or generation. It can affect someone’s ability to read, write, speak, or understand any type of communication effectively. We can categorize dysphasia based on symptoms into three types: receptive, expressive, and mixed. People with receptive dysphasia have trouble receiving verbal or written information, while people with expressive dysphasia struggle with translating their thoughts into verbal or written information (i.e., expressing themselves). People with mixed dysphasia have symptoms of both receptive and expressive forms.Any type of injury or infection that harms the brain can result in dysphasia, though stroke is a common cause. Someone with dysphasia might benefit from speech therapy, as well as emotional support groups, both of which provide coping mechanisms and tools. Dysphasia Key Terms ; Types - Dysphasia: a disorder of communication and understanding caused by damage to the brain \|Types\|\|Symptoms\| \|Receptive Dysphasia\|\|trouble receiving and understanding verbal and written information\| \|Expressive Dysphasia\|\|problems with the ability to translate thoughts into communication forms\| \|Mixed Dysphasia\|\|trouble with both receiving and expressing information\| Learning Outcomes After completing this lesson, students should be able to:	https://finnolux.com/what-is-dysphasia-definition-causes-symptoms/
Devices Increase Potential For Flexible, Light-Weight Power Scientists and engineers at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate have made significant advancements in developing flexible, organic-based solar cells and photodetectors that can be used in a variety of Air Force systems. Collaborative efforts between the directorate's Polymer Branch and Airbase Technologies Division are focused on exploring a diverse range of near-term applications for the technology, which include power generation for military tent structures and mobile military units, and eventually, power for satellites and communication systems. Highly efficient, flexible solar cells are needed for a variety of potential Air Force systems for conversion of solar energy to electrical power. Historically, the development of solar cells and photovoltaic devices has been limited to the use of crystalline silicon wafers or thin film deposition of other inorganic materials, a process that typically requires expensive manufacturing technologies. The development of low-cost methodologies for the production of solar energy conversion devices is a critical enabling technology for a variety of Air Force applications. Through a combination of fundamental research and development programs and external contractual efforts, scientists and engineers from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate are exploring the use of organic and inorganic/organic hybrid materials and device architectures for flexible solar cell designs. Researchers from the directorate's Polymer Branch have focused on a number of materials related issues for improving the devices' power conversion efficiency, a characteristic that demonstrates the amount of energy from the sun that can be converted to electrical power. They have demonstrated that these devices can be significantly improved by controlling the nanoscale morphology of the film, and by developing new materials and film architectures with better response properties. Directorate scientists have explored two techniques for device development: one based on an all-polymer/organic material approach, and another dye sensitized, organic/inorganic material hybrid approach. In the all-polymer approach, two organic materials, an electron donating material and an electron accepting material, are partnered to make a percolating structure with two interpenetrating networks. When optical energy reaches the electron donating material, a charge is transported through the electron accepting material to electrodes, which much like a battery, collect the electrons and deliver a voltage to a system. "The introduction of alternative electron accepting materials has yielded a three-fold improvement in solar cell efficiency," said Dr. Michael Durstock, a scientist from the Polymer Branch. In addition, existing collaborations with the directorate's Airbase Technologies Division support the directorate's program to develop an efficient, flexible prototype device. Work accomplished under a contract with Michael Graetzel from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland through the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, yielded a dye sensitized flexible solar cell with over 10 percent conversion efficiency. This approach was based on the light sensitization of a nanoporous titania film. By controlling the nanoscale morphology of this titania film, as well as the ruthenium metal complex used as the light sensitizer and the electrolyte, which acts to regenerate the complex, researchers have demonstrated efficient device performance. "Research conducted by Michael Graetzel has achieved a milestone that had not previously been achieved in flexible cells," Durstock said. Other efforts of the Airbase Technologies Division are focused on replacing conventional electrical power generators at deployed airbases with a more distributed system of power generation. By incorporating the solar cell technology in tent structures researchers expect to lighten the logistical burden of deployment and to facilitate agile combat. By bringing promising technology candidates into the advanced technology development stage and transferring them to industry for full-scale production, the transition is made from basic research to application. Special operations personnel could also benefit from light-weight, flexible solar cell technology through reduced weight of equipment and supplies carried into the field. By combining solar cell technology with rechargeable batteries, the overall weight of the required supplies and their electrical power systems will decrease. Finally, solar arrays and photodetectors for space satellites provide much longer-term applications if the most stringent requirements of the space environment can be overcome. The Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, in collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate, has initiated primary space irradiation and durability testing on organic materials for photovoltaic devices.	https://phys.org/news/2005-07-devices-potential-flexible-light-weight-power.html
Members of the Nigerian Guild of Editors (NGE) have been urged to strictly adhere to professional ethics and values in the discharge of their duties ahead of the 2019 general elections. Mr Yakubu Mohammed, former Deputy Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of NewsWatch, gave the charge in a paper he presented at the 14th All Nigerian Guild of Editors Conference (ANEC) on Thursday in Asaba. Mohammed’s paper was titled: “The Role of the Editors in Ensuring Credible Elections in Nigeria’’. He noted that conducting credible elections in Nigeria had become a major challenge due to the overwhelming interference of politicians in the electoral process. He, therefore, urged editors to be professional in their analysis and handling of political stories before, during and after the 2019 general elections. He said editors were not electoral umpires and should therefore not be directly involved in the electioneering process. “However, editors and journalists, in general, have a responsibility especially in the education and enlightenment of the voters. “In elections, the most difficult people to manage are the politicians because of their conduct and desperation to achieve their personal ambitions. “On the other hand, the political parties that are supposed to market their manifestos and candidates have largely failed in that aspect. “Instead, they have chosen to manipulate the electoral process’’, Mohammed said. He said editors must remain focused and ensure professionalism in their conducts so as to maintain the credibility of their medium. According to him, the citizens look up to the media to understand the programmes of the political parties and the characteristics of the various candidates. Mohammed said the editors should lay the framework on how to ensure that elections became more meaningful to citizens. “An editor must be credible enough in his work to ensure he or she achieves the success of the mandate of upholding the government accountable to the people. “He must not allow personal interest to cross the lines of his professional obligations. The editor should ensure balance in electoral reportage by guiding against biased reporting. “In all, I think an editor must learn to remain credible and should not be partisan in his/her professional conduct,” he added. Similarly, Mr Eniola Bello, Managing Director, ThisDay newspaper, said elections in the country had become a fierce confrontation among multiple interests. “In Nigeria today, elections have become a big war because of the desperation for political powers and influence. “If you do not have the powers and the means to fight the electoral battle, you dare not venture into politics in this country. “Regrettably, the media has become handicapped in ensuring credible elections because the politicians are so powerful and desperate in the pursuit of their political ambition,’’ he said. Bello further noted that the trend whereby media practitioners served as consultants to politicians in distorting the truth remained unprofessional and an antithesis to the growth of democracy. He also said the credibility of elections in the country had become a mirage because politicians saw the process as a do or die affair. According to him, it has become imperative to reduce the powers attached to political offices so that politicians could begin to have a new orientation of service to the people. “In my own opinion, we should try and make political offices less lucrative so that whoever is going there should know that he or she is going to serve and not to assume power. “In so doing, we can talk of achieving credible elections because it will no longer be a do or die affair,’’ Bello said. He also said it was incumbent on the media to scale up political education and enlightenment that could result in public political participation. Hundreds of editors are staying away from their various newsrooms to attend the conference in Asaba.	http://therenaissanceng.com/nigerian-editors-urge-to-adhere-to-professional-ethics
This article was originally posted on Realizing Your Worth, the Realized Worth blog -- a leading source for Workplace Volunteering and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) best practices and opinion leadership. Please welcome today's guest, Chris Jarvis. Chris takes on the power of reflection in corporate volunteering programs. We like his insights and think his ideas for creating an engaged workforce through the process of reflection can also be applied to other kinds of volunteer teams -- student groups, civic teams, parent-school teams, etc. *** - Improved community perception and marketing potential - Creation of positive culture of caring and community service - Improved communications as people from different sites, departments and levels of seniority work together on social community initiatives - A license to operate through the approval of local community by the demonstration of good social policy practice - Improved relationships with customers who increasingly demand information about corporate-citizenship activities - More effective networking through community links - Improved morale and motivation - Lower staff turnover (which attracts and maintains good employees) - Better company relations - Positive effect on productivity - Greater employee fulfillment - Skill and ability increase for employees - Reduced absenteeism and fewer labour stoppages - Personal and professional growth which strengthens the workforce - Hold casual “round table” meetings with everyone who volunteered to hear about their experience (I included some ideas for round table questions below.) - Have volunteer leaders present at a "Lunch & Learn" and explain what they did and why it was meaningful - Create social gatherings over lunch (or better yet, after work over beer) where employees can talk about volunteering with other employees who may be curious or want to share their concerns - Have volunteers write short blogs or use twitter to send out micro-blogs about their experiences. Be sure to have them invite questions and more dialogue on their thoughts. - Work with HR to incorporate reflection on these activities during performance reviews - Invite employees to include quotes or short blurbs about their experiences for the annual CSR report. - Was your volunteering experience what you expected? - Did you learn anything about yourself? - What kinds of things did you discover about the community you were working in? - What do you think your personal contributions were to the volunteering experience? - Have any of your values, opinions, beliefs been influenced by volunteering? - What is your biggest takeaway? - How have you been challenged? - What changes are you considering for yourself? *** Chris Jarvis is a leading CSR blogger and speaker who works with companies to help them connect with their communities. Chris co-founded Realized Worth with his partner, Angela Parker, to help companies create outstanding corporate volunteering programs and utilize social media to create authentic and engaging conversations. Together these 2 elements give companies the power and relevance of action and dialogue; involvement and storytelling; "the walk and the talk." Chirs can be found on Twitter at @RealizedWorth and vlogging as the exclusive Canadian representative of 3BLMedia. 3BLMedia works with organizations to tell their CSR, Sustainability and Cause Marketing stories across the social web.	https://blog.volunteerspot.com/volunteer_guru/2011/09/reflection-volunteering-impact.html
One of the stretch goals of the school is to be a world-class institution for the education of gifted and talented girls, recognized locally and internationally. In line with this, the RGS Professional Development Plan-2 (PDP-2) aims to develop and retain staff with the necessary competencies and dispositions to cultivate professional discourse and viewpoints that engage, create and challenge learning. An on-going review process ensures constant feedback, analysis and refinement of the quality of teaching. Professional Learning of RGS Education Officers Definition: Professional Development Plan and Professional Learning Professional Development Plan refers to the overall, whole-school system of staff development. Professional Learning refers to teachers’ on-going learning as they create their own knowledge about their practice and use student outcomes to plan and reflect on their practices. Work is interlaced with learning within a collaborative culture. Both Professional Development (PD) and Professional Learning are systematic and intentional. Rationale for Professional Learning Research shows that quality teaching enables quality learning. In line with this, Professional Learning focuses on providing the conditions for all to learn, including school management and teachers. The school gives time and space for collaboration on lesson design and data-driven instruction as well as mentoring and coaching. With the student at the center of this process, Professional Learning creates a culture of collective learning and hence, deepens the social capital. Beliefs The PD plan is based on a set of beliefs and values about teaching and learning as articulated in the following ways: - RGS educators view student learning as a collective responsibility - Sustained professional learning contributes to quality teaching - Teams engage in a continuous cycle of improvement because they want to improve their practice - Student learning needs define educators’ learning needs These beliefs have largely endured in RGS over time. However, current research in professional development increasingly points to the need for shifts in the conventional approaches to it. For instance, research consistently reflects the limitations of a one-shot approach to training. When teachers attend training that is not directly connected to their practice in real time, the transfer of learning is usually impeded. The value of a top-down approach to PD is also questionable. Rather than teachers being told that they ‘should’, ‘must’ and ‘need’ to be equipped in the expected capacities, the school management views student learning as a collective responsibility. The entire fraternity takes ownership for setting high expectations for student learning. Features of RGS' Professional Learning Literature indicates that a well-developed Professional Learning Plan consists of the following principles: - Aligned to curriculum standards and national goals: The goals and standards are explicitly stated so that faculty members organize their learning to achieve the larger purpose. - Collaborative: Research shows that when teachers discuss their classroom strategies, assessment and students’ work together, they develop a sense of collective efficacy. As they discuss and learn from each other, they hone their competences and thereby, enhance student learning. - School-based : Professional learning is facilitated by a school-based team of leaders, mentors and Heads. The professional conversations are therefore, contextual and are driven by a sense of collective responsibility towards student learning. Where necessary, external expertise is sought to enrich the knowledge and practice. - Job-embedded : Research findings associate positive change in educator practice with professional learning activities that focus not only on curriculum content but the teaching and learning of that content (Blank & de las Alas, 2009). Knowledge of teaching is learned in practice (Ball & Cohen, 1999). It is connected to practice and is iterative. Teachers take note not only of what they teach but also, how they have done so. They examine students’ learning in terms of the desired outcomes and use the feedback to further hone their practice. As Smylie (2010) noted, “We will fail … to improve schooling for children until we acknowledge the importance of schools not only as places for teachers to work but also as places for teachers to learn” (p. 92). - Data-driven : Pedagogical decisions are based on triangulated data on student performance. Professional learning is therefore, outcomes-focused.Assessment is valued for its data on the teaching–learning relationship. Evaluation of Professional Learning Evidence that directly co-relates professional learning with student achievement is thin. Given the complexities of human motivations and classroom dynamics, this is understandable. Current research only suggests that a well-developed PD Plan influences teacher practice and student performance but a causal relationship is not established. Moreover, professional learning includes outcomes that go beyond student learning. These include professional interaction amongst staff, mentoring of new teachers and practitioner inquiry. These activities contribute to staff morale, capacity- building and collegiality which should be valued for their intrinsic worth. In fact, OECD quotes the Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle to warn PD planners on the ‘corrupting and distorting’ effects of quantitative indicators for what is largely, a social process. Thus, for now, the quality of RGS’ Professional learning is evaluated using evidence–backed standards for professional learning, focusing on the processes and outcomes of teacher learning rather than to establish a causal relationship between professional learning and student achievement. Meanwhile, through in-house research and scan of research elsewhere, this relationship will be attempted. The RGS Professional Learning standards are adapted from the following organisations: - Academy of Science Teachers, MOE, Singapore: Teacher Growth Model - Learning Forward Professional Learning Association, United States - National Staff Development Council, United States (now known as Learning Forward) - National Comprehensive Centre for Teacher Quality, United States - Ministry of Education, New Zealand:Teacher Professional Learning and Development: Best Evidence Synthesis Iteration Acknowledging the multi-facetedness of Teaching and Learning, multiple measures are accordingly used to evaluate professional learning. These include the following: - Classroom Observation Scale-Revised (adapted from College of William and Mary, USA ) - Student performance data - Teacher and student surveys - Qualitative evidence: anecdotes; observations; interviews The data contributes to training plans, in-house research and strategic directions. The 1st PDP document was drawn up for the period 2004-2008.	https://www.rgs.edu.sg/rgsperl/about-us/professional-development
At various periods during its long history, the Band has been proud to perform alongside troupes of Irish Dancers St. John's Irish Dancers The Irish Dance troupe was founded in St. John's Parish in the 1946, following an appeal from the pulpit by Father Murphy, calling the young girls of the parish to come along to classes with a view to forming St. John's Irish Dancers. image_125_1The Dancers marching behind the Band. Thanks to Kev Parr for the photo (www.kevparr.com).Margaret Carroll, a young parishioner and primary schoolteacher by profession who had learnt Irish dance from a man of the cloth adept of the jig and the reel at St. Patrick's parish, Collyhurst, stepped up to teach the girls. The classes, held each Wednesday evening in the classrooms of the adjacent St. John's Primary School, were an immediate success, and the young girls of the parish were soon ready to show off their footwork, much to the appreciation of the admiring crowds (see St. John's Parish Magazine, p. 19). Under Margaret Carroll's expert tuition, the Dancers performed under the Fianna Pádraig banner, both with the Band and as a separate troupe. They were a great favourite at all manner of parish events, such as the St. Patrick's Day Concert held at St. Columba's School, and in the broader community, with a pre-match performance at Old Trafford, for example, as noted in St. John's Parish Magazine from March-April 1953, or indeed a show at Manchester's Free Trade Hall. The Dancers gained the first of their many honours at the International Eisteddfod in Llangollen, North Wales, in the early fifties, when they were awarded first prize in their category at three successive editions. Moving to St. Anthony's and the O'Neal School of Irish Dance After Father Kehoe's appointment as Parish Priest of St. Anthony's in 1953, Mrs. O'Neal - as Margaret was then known following her marriage to Mr. Sean O'Neal, also a schoolteacher and, subsequently, headmaster of St. Paul's R.C. Secondary School, in Wythenshawe - took the dancers up Woodhouse Lane and Brownley Road to the new parish in Woodhouse Park. Over the years, the O'Neal School of Irish Dance maintained a close relationship with the band, the two groups performing together at a range of parish and local events. Throughout her career, Mrs. O'Neal taught successive generations of Irish dancers, both in the parishes and at the Gaelic League in Manchester. In an interview with the Wythenshawe Express in October 1972, on the occasion of a Festival of Traditional Irish Dancing which she organised at the Wythenshawe Social Centre (later renamed "The Terry Dowling Centre"), Mrs. O'Neal reflected, with typical modesty, on her long service to the community as a teacher of Irish Dance. "Parents of some of the children who were dancing on Saturday were in the classes themselves 20 years ago," said Mrs. O'Neal. "They must have been delighted to see their children dancing so well." The Wythenshawe Express, 19 October 1972 Her inspiration was such that many young dancers went on to follow in her footsteps, becoming Irish dancing teachers and adjudicators. A simple online search is sufficient to gauge Mrs. O'Neal's influence to this day on the Irish Dance community in Manchester and further afield... My dancing career started when I was 5 years old. My parents took me with my brother and 3 sisters to Mrs Margaret O'Neal at the Gaelic League which was off St Peters Square. Manchester. We quickly picked up the steps and were soon winning numerous trophies and medals in Ireland as well as in England. Sadly, Margaret has now died but I will always teach in the same way that she influenced me. posted by Eileen Lally in October 2012, on IrishManchester.com (http://www.irishmanchester.com/memories.shtml) - permission pending. Barbara [Ahern] started dancing at about 3 or 4 years of age. Barbara's mother took her to the Gaelic League in Manchester, where she learnt step dancing with Margaret O'Neal who was then Margaret Carroll. She also taught ceili dancing and Barbara learnt her first set dancing with Margaret. But perhaps most importantly, from those very early days, in true Fianna P(h)ádraig tradition, grew friendships which were to last a lifetime. Indeed, until Mrs. O'Neal sadly passed away on 29th January 2010, many of her dancers from the fifties and sixties made a point of meeting up with their former dance teacher each year to catch up, reminisce, and reflect on past camaraderie and the legacy left for future generations to cherish.
How do you use nuclear fission in a sentence? How do you use nuclear fission in a sentence? Nuclear-fission sentence example Nuclear energy is released through a process called nuclear fission . Once thermal neutrons have been produced, then nuclear fission may begin to occur. nuclear bombhe material looted in Iraq is unsuitable for making nuclear fission bombs, it will suit terrorists wanting to build RDDs. What is fission example? Fission is the splitting of an atomic nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei accompanied by energy release. For example, the fission of one kilogram of uranium releases as much energy as burning around four billion kilograms of coal. What fission means? Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original. The fission may be binary fission, in which a single organism produces two parts, or multiple fission, in which a single entity produces multiple parts. What does fission mean for kids? Nuclear fission is the process of splitting of a large atom into two or more smaller atoms. When an atom is split a huge amount of energy is released. When the energy is released in a slow controlled manner, it can be used to generate electricity to power our homes. What is fission and its types? 1) Fission During asexual reproduction, the parent cell divides into two or more cells. Fission can be of two types, namely, binary fission and multiple fission. In binary fission, parent cell divides into two equal halves called daughter cells. Daughter cells are identical to each other and to their parent cell. What is fission class 10th? Many single celled organism like protozoa and bacteria just split into two identical halves during cell division,leading to the creation of new organism. For Ex:Amoeba,paramecium, leishmania. What is 10th reproduction? Reproduction: The production of new organism from the existing organism of the same species is called reproduction. Reproduction is essential for the survival of species on this earth. Reproduction give rise to more organism with the same basic characteristics as their parents. What are the different types of fission Class 10? Listed below are different types of Binary fission: - Simple Binary fission. - Longitudinal Binary fission. - Oblique Binary fission. - Transverse Binary fission. What is multiple fission with diagram? Multiple fission is the process of asexual reproduction in which instead of 2 daughter cells, many daughter cells are produced from the parent cell. In this, the nucleus undergoes repeated division to produce a large number of nuclei. What is multiple fission give an example? Multiple fission is the one in which the nucleus divides it several times into a daughter of nuclei and then the cytoplasm divides into as many cells as possible. The examples of multiple fission are Plasmodium, Chlamydomonas, algae which are reproduced by the multiple fission. What is an example of multiple fission? In multiple fission, a single parent cell is divided into many daughter cells….Differences between Binary Fission and Multiple Fission. \|Binary fission\|\|Multiple fission\| \|Example: Amoeba, Bacteria, Euglena, etc.,\|\|Example: Plasmodium, Sporozoans, Algae, etc.\| What do you mean by multiple fission explain? noun. zoology. asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms, esp sporozoans, in which the nucleus divides a number of times, followed by division of the cytoplasm, to form daughter cells. What is the other name of multiple fission? answer : Multiple fission is also called. SCHIZOGONY. What is binary fission Class 8? In binary fission the parent organism splits or divides to form two new organism. The unicellular organism called amoeba reproduces by the method of binary fission. Amoeba reproduces by binary fission by dividing its body into 2 parts. The daughter amoebae produced by the process are identical to the parent amoeba. What is binary fission short answer? Binary fission, asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA. What is called budding? Budding, in biology, a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism. The initial protuberance of proliferating cytoplasm or cells, the bud, eventually develops into an organism duplicating the parent. Why is binary fission asexual? Binary fission is asexual reproduction because during this process one bacterial cell splits into two. What is binary fission in food? Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in bacteria. The bacteria’s nucleus divides into two daughter nuclei and continues subsequent divisions of the cell bodies to form two whole cells. Binary fission facilitates food spoilage through spoilage bacteria. What 4 conditions are needed for bacteria to grow? What bacteria need to grow and multiply - Food (nutrients) - Water (moisture) - Proper temperature. - Time. - Air, no air, minimal air. - Proper acidity (pH) - Salt levels. What are the three types of food contamination? There are three different types of food contamination – chemical, physical and biological. What are the 6 conditions bacteria need to grow? FAT TOM is a mnemonic device used in the food service industry to describe the six favorable conditions required for the growth of foodborne pathogens. It is an acronym for food, acidity, time, temperature, oxygen and moisture. What type of bacteria can survive without oxygen? Bacteria that grow only in the absence of oxygen, such as Clostridium, Bacteroides, and the methane-producing archaea (methanogens), are called obligate anaerobes because their energy-generating metabolic processes are not coupled with the consumption of oxygen. Which food allows bacteria to grow well? Warmth – the ‘danger zone’ temperatures at which bacteria grow best are between 5ºC and 63ºC. Food – like any other living things, germs need food to grow. High-risk foods that bacteria love best include dairy products, meat, poultry, fish and shellfish. Where do bacteria grow best? Bacteria can live in hotter and colder temperatures than humans, but they do best in a warm, moist, protein-rich environment that is pH neutral or slightly acidic. There are exceptions, however. Some bacteria thrive in extreme heat or cold, while others can survive under highly acidic or extremely salty conditions. How fast do bacteria grow? Why it matters: Bacteria are among the fastest reproducing organisms in the world, doubling every 4 to 20 minutes. Does bacteria grow better in light or dark? In the light, both strains of bacteria take in more organic carbon, including sugars, metabolize them faster. In the dark, those functions are reduced, and the bacteria increase protein production and repair, making and fixing the machinery needed to grow and divide. How do bacteria grow and develop? Bacteria do not grow and multiply the same way as animals or humans. They take in nutrients and reproduce by dividing – one bacteria splits and becomes two bacteria, two become four, four become eight and so on. Under ideal conditions, many types of bacteria can double every 20 minutes. … What are bad bacteria called? Harmful bacteria are called pathogenic bacteria because they cause disease and illnesses like strep throat, staph infections, cholera, tuberculosis, and food poisoning. How do you calculate the number of bacteria in a population? How to calculate the number of bacteria in a population - Example. - The mean division time for bacteria population A is 20 minutes. - In order to answer this, you can split the calculations into two sections. - If the bacteria grow for six hours, each bacterium will divide 3 times per hour × 6 hours = 18 times. Are bacteria all bad? Not all bacteria are harmful, and some bacteria that live in your body are helpful. For instance, Lactobacillus acidophilus — a harmless bacterium that resides in your intestines — helps you digest food, destroys some disease-causing organisms and provides nutrients.	https://easierwithpractice.com/how-do-you-use-nuclear-fission-in-a-sentence/
Up All Night Review: Infinity OptionsChris O'Hara at . The Ava Show may have been cancelled, but Up all Night was back and better than ever as Season 2 got under way. "Friendships and Partnerships" threw the show's two leading ladies into flux and put their friendship to the test, while Chris and newcomer Scott (Luka Jones) formed a solid new bond. What can you say about a show that references, Chuck E. Cheese, Porky Pig and Downtown Julie Brown in the same episode, but... ah-mazing! There was no shortage of pop culture references or laughs in the season opener, but even more entertaining was seeing the new shape of the show take form so seamlessly. Aiding in the successful transition was Jones's character Scott, who fit in superbly. His interactions with his overly critical sister Reagan were totally relatable, as he proved time and again to be a solid offseason acquisition. Amidst such a talent stacked roster of comedic all-stares, Jones seemed to have a solid grip on his role, delivering some memorable scenes that surely set him off on the right path to endearing himself to fans of the show. Jumping back and forth from scenes at the Ava Show to the Brinkley household last year seemed to cause a rift in the sitcom's flow despite the cast's hustle. Ava was as enjoyable as ever, though, tonight and I think we will come to enjoy her high energy pop-ins the same way Seinfeld fans did Kramer's entrances. The ability of the writers to blend comedy into scenes without sacrificing the tenderness of family life continued to be on display this week. Scenes like the one where Reagan realized she wanted to stay home with Amy, upsetting Ava and their make up session later on at the studio, culminating with the golf cart "getaway," were fantastic. I didn't think it was possible for Amy to get any cuter after last season, but I think I rewound her doing the Woo-Hoos three times. Her mom, meanwhile, had me rolling as she tried to cope with her wine in one hand and the vacuum in the other. Will Arnett and his voice were hypnotically hilarious as always. My love of this series was renewed in full tonight and I can't wait for more in upcoming weeks. As always be sure to rate your favorite Up All Night quotes and let us know what you thought of the season premiere.	https://www.tvfanatic.com/2012/09/up-all-night-review-infinity-options/
Imagine having emotions that are constantly difficult to control… behaviors that are hard to live with. In this article, we will cover what dialectical behavior therapy is, what it’s used for, what it’s based on, its four modules, how it helps those with a borderline personality disorder, how it differs from cognitive behavior therapy, its effectiveness, and its flaws. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a form of cognitive behavioral treatment that is meant to provide a person with new skills in order to manage painful emotions while decreasing conflict in relationships. It’s thought that this type of therapy has the capability to help those who wish to improve their ability in regulating their emotions, tolerating stress and negative emotions, being more mindful and present, and communicating effectively with others. It was developed by Dr. Marsha Linehan at the University of Washington in the early 1990’s. The word dialectal means to weigh and figure out contradictory facts and ideas to resolve apparent contradictions – essentially the integration and combination of opposites. It comes from the idea of bringing together two types of therapy – acceptance and change – and bettering one’s therapeutic results from combining them rather than having one, either acceptance or change, alone. Originally used to treat borderline personality disorder, science has shown that it’s also helpful in treating people who experience depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse. What does dialectical behavior therapy consist of? DBT consists of three major components in treatment and methods: support oriented, collaborative, and cognitive-based. Support-oriented methods help a person identify and recognize their strengths and helps build on them. This way, the person gains self-confidence and feels better about themselves and their life. Collaborative methods require constant attention between the person and the therapist. Working with the therapist as much as the therapist works with you is the goal. Through the use of daily or weekly homework assignments, practicing skills like soothing when you’re upset, or role-playing new ways to interact with others, the person learns, with the collaborative help of their therapist, to apply and master the skills in order to better coping and social skills. Dialectical behavior therapy specifically focuses its therapeutic skills in four areas: mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness. 2. Distress tolerance focuses on increasing a person’s tolerance of negative emotions, rather than trying to escape from negative emotions. Essentially, tolerating pain in difficult situations, not changing it. There are four types of distress tolerance taught in DBT: self-soothing, distracting, thinking of pros and cons, and improving the moment. 4. Interpersonal effectiveness works on techniques that help the person be able to communicate assertively with people, maintaining self-respect, and strengthening relationships. Essentially it is learning how to ask for what you want and being able to say “no” while maintaining respect. People who suffer from borderline personality disorder typically have good interpersonal skills. Where they experience problems, however, is in the application of these skills in specific situations – especially when the situation is emotional or volatile. Dialectical behavior therapy was invented by Dr. Marsha Linehan, specifically for those with a borderline personality disorder and continues to be one of today’s leading treatment plans. Dr. Linehan hypothesized that borderline personality disorder is a consequence of an emotionally defenseless person growing up within a particular set of environmental circumstances that are referred to as an invalidating environment. In this situation, one feels constantly invalidated. An emotionally defenseless and vulnerable person has an autonomic nervous system that reacts too much to low-stress levels and takes longer than normal to return to normal once the stress is removed. In theory, this is because of a consequence of biological diathesis. Due to a child’s invalidation in their environment growing up, they will not have the opportunity to label or understand their feelings nor will they learn how to trust their own responses to certain events. The child won’t have learned how to cope with difficult situations that could be seen as stressful or difficult since such problems weren’t acknowledged by parents. Thus, the child looks for others to validate them and help solve their problems. However, this behavior creates bad behavioral patterns and worse coping behavior. An example is failing to not only understand emotions but also failing to control emotions. However, this is where dialectical behavior comes in – it teaches someone, who may not even know they feel invalidated, how to cope with situations that are difficult for them and that they don’t know how to handle. Dialectical behavior therapy helps a person who has little or no control over their emotions actually take control of their emotions and consequent behaviors. Dialectical behavior therapy is a modification of cognitive behavior therapy. When DBT was first developed, standard cognitive behavior therapy techniques were used. Some are skills training, behavior rating scales, homework assignments, and behavioral analysis to address the person’s problems. However, this didn’t work for everyone. However, some people felt that the degree of their suffering was underestimated and their therapists overestimated how helpful they were actually being. As a consequence of this, a number of people dropped out of the treatment program, having become frustrated and shut down. After this, the researchers noticed, after looking at the videotapes that were recorded of each session, some strategies worked well to help people tolerate their pain and create a “life worth living.” Acceptance strategies were added to the list of strategies used in dialectical behavior therapy and people began to feel that their therapists understood them better. In dialectical behavior therapy, there are strategies that are specifically dialectical – meaning balancing contradictory facts and ideas to resolve problems and contradictions. Unlike cognitive behavior therapy, dialectical behavior therapy implements mindfulness, tolerance distress, and acceptance. Some cognitive behavioral therapists like to incorporate certain elements of dialectical behavior therapy. Nowadays, there are also forms of cognitive behavior therapy that incorporate some aspects of dialectical behavior therapy, for example, using mindfulness to treat depression. Using the 4 modules for skills training. This teaches behavioral skills and is frequently taught in groups where homework can be assigned. The homework may consist of people putting into practice the dialectical behavior therapy skills they learned in class to their everyday life. It could also mean filling out a daily diary card in order to track over 40 emotions, behaviors, urges, and skills – like lying and self-respect. It takes about 24 weeks to completely get through a full skills curriculum. Enhancing motivation with individual therapy. Individual therapies help the person apply the DBT skills they have learned to specific situations and challenges in their life. Normally, individual therapy takes place once a week and runs alongside the dialectical behavior therapy skills training. Coaching is a form that involves using telephone coaching and another live coaching to provide real life, in-the-moment support. The goal is to help the person use their dialectical behavior therapy skills effectively in order to cope with hard situations that happen in everyday life. Case management strategies involve helping the person manage their own lives in their normal physical and social environments. The therapist uses the same strategies in order to teach the person how to be their own “case manager,” This helps the therapist consult the patient about what to do and the therapist only intervenes when necessary. Consultation team with support therapists help those who provide dialectical behavior therapy, like individual therapists and case managers, treat the person. Their goal is to essentially provide therapy for the therapist and be a back-up by helping the therapists stay motivated and as competent as possible to be able to do the best work possible. A consultation team is most important when there is someone with a severe, difficult-to-treat disorder that can cause the therapist to feel burnt out. Dialectical behavior therapy works well because it treats the problematic behaviors that were developed in order to cope with and give temporary relief to a situation. DBT enhances and betters a person’s abilities and capabilities by teaching behavior skills that work and provide relief in both the long run and the short-term. The first trial of dialectical behavior therapy was issued in 1991 in which the researchers found that dialectical behavior therapy provides significant improvements for chronically suicidal and self-injuring women with a borderline personality disorder. Prior to the study, this population of women was seen as untreatable. A huge part of dialectical behavior therapy being successful for someone is that they must first acknowledge that they have a borderline personality disorder; that they want to learn about it, and want to work hard in therapy. If they don’t first acknowledge it, there isn’t much someone else can do to fix it. People who have a combined narcissistic personality disorder and borderline personality disorder, often don’t acknowledge that they have a borderline personality disorder, which makes it incredibly difficult to treat. These types of therapies can be incredibly costly and are not available in all locations. DBT is demanding; there are daily forms and homework to fill out, hours of therapy each week, and constant motivation. Although studies have shown that dialectical behavior therapy lowers the number of suicidal thoughts and reduces the instances of self-harm, there are no studies that show that it relieves depression or makes a person happier. However, some individuals claim that it does. Have you or anyone you know tried DBT? How did it go? Let us know in the comments!	https://blog.cognifit.com/dialectical-behavior-therapy/
For all the talk about the importance of employee engagement in the workplace, there are decidedly few specifics to act on. When management gurus extol the benefits of engagement, they tend to speak in platitudes: keep employees informed, involve them in decision-making, instill pride in the company, etc. Lost in these trite words of wisdom is any semblance of something actionable. What, specifically, can you as a business leader do to make your employees feel more valued and engaged? Well, here’s one example: Sit down on the job. In a fascinating study conducted by the University of Kansas, it was found that hospital patients were markedly more satisfied with their doctor’s care if the practitioner sat down when conducting their rounds, instead of standing. In the study, patients felt that doctors who sat down to speak with them actually stayed in the room longer than doctors who stood (even though, in actuality, standing doctors spent slightly more time in the room than sitting ones). Patients felt that doctors who sat took more time to listen to their concerns, understand their needs and answer their questions – which made them happier and more satisfied with their care. In a word, they were more engaged by their doctor. While this study was conducted in a healthcare setting, it’s not a big leap to see how the findings apply to a business setting. Time-poor managers and executives, if they even visit employees at their desks, typically do so in a flyby fashion. They poke their heads into an office or swing by a cubicle, and they do it all while standing. Efficiency-minded business leaders might think this approach makes perfect sense, but they overlook how it makes employees feel. Standing signals urgency and impatience. Sitting signals approachability and attentiveness. Creating a better experience for those you serve – be it your customers or your employees – is as much about shaping perception as it is about shaping reality. As this hospital study illustrates, small gestures can have a big impact in how people perceive interactions with one another. So, this week, abandon the usual employee engagement platitudes in favor of some more actionable advice. Walk around, check in with your employees, and make them feel valued – but no matter how brief the visit, grab a chair while doing so. There’s no better reason to sit down on the job.	https://customerthink.com/a-surprisingly-simple-way-to-engage-your-employees/
Serving Veterans Think Tank: A Promising Practice in Improving Civilian Career Outcomes for Veterans with Disabilities The Think Tank: Serving Veterans with Disabilities was hosted on March 26, 2008 by the DO-IT (Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, and Technology) Center at the University of Washington in Seattle as part of The Alliance for Students with Disabilities in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (AccessSTEM) project. The purpose of the Think Tank was to identify ways existing programs can collaborate to improve veterans' access to post-deployment training, education, and careers. Participants were from organizations such as local colleges, federal programs, non-profit agencies, and job placement organizations. Participants identified the following unique needs of veterans, especially those with disabilities, that could be addressed to improve outcomes: - Address cultural issues (Latino and Native American populations were specifically discussed) and establish partnerships with these groups. - Understand the differences between the military, higher education, and the corporate world (e.g., translate resumes into language that works in the corporate world, use strengths-based assessments of skills, address differences in supervision and hierarchy). - Address the knowledge gap that many veterans and veterans' service providers face regarding the use of assistive technology. - Connect veterans to services, especially once they are off base, and help them deal with feelings of stigma and isolation. - Provide hands-on learning concurrent with academic educational opportunities. - Find ways to connect with homebound veterans and their caregivers/families. - Engage spouses and families in the college and career support process. - Address the cost-of-living problems returning veterans with disabilities are facing that may impact their ability to attend school. - Educate schools, outreach agencies, and veterans about psychological issues that many veterans experience after exposure to traumatic events. - Address specific issues experienced by female veterans. Participants decided to develop an online community of practice where they could collaborate to offer the following: - Mentoring programs specifically for veterans, their families, and service providers. - Regional Capacity-Building Institutes to identify strategies to support transition from active duty to education and careers. - Improved campus connections and student groups. - Communication about the new GI Bill. - Faculty training at a college that can be replicated and shared with other colleges. - Publications, videos, and websites that support educators, service providers, employers, veterans with disabilities, families, and other stakeholders. The Think Tank is a promising practice that can be replicated by others. It brought together key players and began an ongoing and active community to improve veterans' access to post-deployment training, education, and careers. Since the Think Tank meeting, an online community of practice was established to discuss challenges, solutions, and resources for veterans with disabilities pursuing higher education and careers (to join this group, send an email message to [email protected]). In addition, several campus trainings have occurred at various locations, and a large Capacity-Building Institute, focused on veterans with disabilities and their access to computing careers, was conducted in Seattle, Washington.	https://www.washington.edu/doit/serving-veterans-think-tank-promising-practice-improving-civilian-career-outcomes-veterans
In The Challenge of the Social and the Pressure of Practice, philosophers, sociologists, and historians of science offer a multidisciplinary view of the complex interrelationships of values in science and society in both contemporary and historic contexts. They analyze the impact of commercialization and politicization on epistemic aspirations, and, conversely, the ethical dilemmas raised by “practically relevant” science in today's society. For example, much scientific research over the past quarter century has been guided by the financing that supports it. What effect has this had on the quality of research produced and the advancement of real knowledge? The contributors reveal how social values affect objectivity, theory, and the direction of inquiry, and examine the byproducts of external value systems in topics such as “expertise” and “socially robust knowledge,” among others. They view science's own internal value systems, the earlier disconnection of societal values from the scientific process, and the plausibility of “value free” science. The Challenge of the Social and the Pressure of Practice presents an in-depth analysis that places the role of values at the center of philosophical debate and raises questions of morality, credibility, and the future role of values in scientific inquiry. Before Arkansas was acquired by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, it was claimed first by France, then later by Spain. Both of these cultures profoundly influenced the development of the region and its inhabitants, as evidenced in the many cultural artifacts that constitute the social, economic, and political history of colonial Arkansas. Based on exhaustive research in French, Spanish, and American archives, Colonial Arkansas 1686–1804 is an engaging and eminently readable story of the state’s colonial period. Examining a wide range of subjects—including architecture, education, agriculture, amusements, and diversions of the period, and the Europeans’ social structures—Judge Morris S. Arnold explores and describes the relations between settlers and the indigenous Indian tribes, the early military and its activities, and the legal traditions observed by both the Spanish and French governments. This lively and illuminating study is sure to remain the definitive history of the state’s colonial period and will be equally embraced by scholars, historians, and curious Arkansans eager to develop a fuller understanding of their rich and varied heritage. 1992 Certificate of Commendation from American Association for State and Local History In this book, Michael Brown provides original and critical analysis of the state of the social sciences and the humanities. He examines the different disciplines that address human affairs--from sociology, philosophy, political science, and anthropology to the humanities in general--to understand their common ground. He probes the ways in which we investigate the meaning of individuality in a society for which individuals are not the agents of the activities in which they participate, and he develops a critical method for studying the relations among activities, objects, and situations. The Concept of the Social in Uniting the Humanities and Social Sciences restores the centrality of sociality to all disciplines that provide for and depend on the social dimension of human life. Ultimately, he establishes a theory of the unity of the human sciences that will surely make readers rethink the current state and future of theory in those fields for years to come.	https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.titles.epl?tquery=Social&letter=C&sort=title
To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. my.chemeurope.com With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance – and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. - My watch list - My saved searches - My saved topics - My newsletter 59 Current news about the topic water purificationrss \|You can refine your search further. Select from the filter options on the left to narrow down your results.\| Providing Safe, Clean Water 03-Dec-2019 In many parts of the world, access to clean drinking water is far from certain. Filtration of large volumes of water, however, is slow and impractical. In the journal Angewandte Chemie, scientists have introduced a new water purification method based on magnetic nanoparticles coated with a ... 12-Jul-2019 Mussels are notorious maritime stowaways known for damaging the hulls of boats, but these same adhesive properties have widespread engineering applications, scientists in China and the United states write in review published in the journal Matter. They suggest that the chemistry of mussel threads ... Another potential -- and renewable -- tool to fight harmful algal blooms 09-May-2019 Scientists at The University of Toledo have discovered that rice husks can effectively remove microcystin from water, a finding that could have far-reaching implications for communities along the Great Lakes and across the developing world. An abundant and inexpensive agricultural byproduct, rice ... 02-May-2019 Scientists from the National University of Science and Technology "MISIS" together with their colleagues from Derzhavin Tambov State University and Saratov Chernyshevsky State University have figured out that graphene is capable of purifying water, making it drinkable, without further ... 28-Nov-2018 Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have conducted simulations suggesting that graphene, in addition to its many other useful features, can be modified with special pores to act as a tunable filter or strainer for ions (charged atoms) in a liquid. The concept, ... A new type of photocatalysts -- nanostructures from titanium dioxide 11-Oct-2018 A RUDN chemist developed a new type of photocatalysts - nanostructures from titanium dioxide. Hollow nanocubes with ultra-thin walls act like nanoreactors and provide for 28 fold more effective organic reactions at room temperature under the influence of visible light. Traditional methods of ... 24-Sep-2018 Australian researchers have designed a rapid nano-filter that can clean dirty water over 100 times faster than current technology. Simple to make and simple to scale up, the technology harnesses naturally occurring nano-structures that grow on liquid metals. The RMIT University and University of ... Nanoscale solution to ‘produced water’ problem 17-Aug-2018 Oil and water tend to separate, but they mix well enough to form stable oil-in-water emulsions in produced water from oil reservoirs to become a problem. Rice University scientists have developed a nanoparticle-based solution that reliably removes more than 99 percent of the emulsified oil that ... 16-Aug-2018 Zeolites are porous minerals that occur both naturally but also are being synthesized artificially. Because of their stability and durability, they are used in industrial water purification, catalysis, adsorption, and even in blood-clotting powders (e.g. QuickClot used by the US military). A ... 09-Aug-2018 Rice University scientists are developing technology to remove contaminants from water - but only as many as necessary. The Rice lab of engineer Qilin Li is building a treatment system that can be tuned to selectively pull toxins from drinking water and wastewater from factories, sewage systems ...	https://www.chemeurope.com/en/news/topic/water-purification/
Hold the fort and hold down the fort are variations of an idiom with its roots in the Middle Ages. An idiom is a word, group of words or phrase, or phrasal verbs that have a figurative meaning that is not easily deduced from its literal definition. These figures of speech often use descriptive imagery, common idioms are words and phrases used in the English language in order to convey a concise idea, and are often colloquialisms or descriptors that are spoken or are considered informal or conversational. English idioms can illustrate emotion more quickly than a phrase or expression that has a literal meaning, even when the etymology or origin of the idiomatic expression is lost. An idiom is a metaphorical figure of speech, and it is understood that it is not a use of literal language. Figures of speech have definitions and connotations that go beyond the literal meaning of the words. Mastery of the turn of phrase of an idiom or other parts of speech is essential for the English learner. Many English as a Second Language students do not understand idiomatic expressions that native speakers understand such as in a blue moon, spill the beans, let the cat out of the bag, chin up, eye to eye, barking up the wrong tree, bite the bullet, beat a dead horse, hit the nail on the head, kicked the bucket, blow off steam, jump on the bandwagon, piece of cake, hit the sack, and raining cats and dogs, as they attempt to translate them word for word, which yields only the literal meaning. In addition to learning vocabulary and grammar, one must understand the phrasing of the figurative language of idiomatic phrases in order to know English like a native speaker. It is possible to memorize a list of idioms, but it may be easier to pay attention to the use of idioms in everyday speech, where peculiar imagery will tell you that the expressions should not be taken literally. We will examine the meaning of the idiomatic phrases hold the fort and hold down the fort, where they came from, and some examples of their use in sentences. To hold the fort or to hold down the fort means to take care of business while the boss is away, to keep a process running while others are absent, to maintain the status quo while one is left in charge. For instance, an employee who keeps a dinner shift running in a restaurant while the manager is temporarily away may be said to hold the fort. A parent who supervises a group of children while the other parent runs to the store for supplies may be said to hold the fort. The idiom hold the fort began as a literal, military phrase, meaning to defend a fort while waiting for reinforcements or resupply. By the 1800s, the expression hold the fort took on a figurative meaning. The variation hold down the fort is an Americanism that came into use in the late 1800s-early 1900s, using the slang phrase hold down which meant to occupy.	https://grammarist.com/idiom/hold-the-fort-and-hold-down-the-fort/
Powder injection molding (PIM) of parts having structures in the sub-millimeter range, also known as micro powder injection molding (μPIM), is a technology of potential for mass production of these parts due to the unique combination of properties obtainable from PIM. μPIM comprises four processing steps: mixing, injection molding, debinding and sintering. Considering the dimensional regime of the microsize structures, control of sintering is important for microstructured parts in μPIM. Hence, the effects of size of microstructured parts on the grain growth and densification are studied is this research. In addition, a constitutive model is developed to depict the densification of microstructured parts. A circular disc of diameter 16 mm and 1.5 mm thick (sub-structure), with an array of 24x24 microsize structures with three different sizes, diameter 100 μm x height 200 μm, diameter 80 μm x height 196 μm or diameter 60 μm x height 191 μm, were molded using the in-house feedstock for the study. To investigate the effects of size of microstructured parts on the grain growth and densification, the debound microstructured parts were sintered at various time and temperatures after which the grain size and density of the sub-structure and three different microsize structures were characterized. It shows that the size reduction into micrometer regime increased densification. All the microsize structures were at the final sintering stage while the sub-structure was at the intermediate sintering stage within the temperatures studied. As compared to the microsize structures of diameter 100 μm and diameter 80 μm, the microsize structures of diameter 60 μm yielded the highest density within the temperatures studied. Analysis based on Brook, Coble and Herring’s models shows that the controlling mechanism for grain growth and densification varied for the sub-structure and various microsize structures, the result of which is useful for modeling sintering behavior of the microstructured parts. Since the grain number varies with sintering at the final sintering stage due to grain growth, a new sintering stress expression taking into account the variation in grain number was developed. A constitutive model was established to compute densification of the sub-structure and various microsize structures on the microstructured parts. In the model, Besson and Abouaf’s constitutive equation and Brook’s model for grain growth were used. The contribution of lattice diffusion, which was not included in Besson and Abouaf’s work, was considered here. The effects of pore location and boundary energy on the densification of the various microsize structures were discussed during modeling. The theoretical calculations using the model were compared with the experimental results of the sub-structure and various microsize structures. As the computed densities based on the simplified assumption that all the pores were located at four-grain junctions were similar to that computed where pores on two-grain interface and separated pores were included, the treatment of all pores located at four-grain junctions can be used in the model. Including the work done by grain boundary energy gave higher densities for all the microsize structures which were generally closer to the experimental results. The model approximately agreed with the experimental results.	https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/handle/10356/17256
Rajjaprabha Dam, Thailand Dams and Levees are engineered barriers designed to retain surface water. These structures are often required to limit water losses and pore-pressures through the barrier. This is often difficult to achieve because ideal natural materials are not always available at the site. As a result, advanced designs of dams and levees may include internal drains or barriers to trap or collect seepage water or to dissipate the hydraulic head that drives flow through the dam. Operation of the dam under changing water levels can further complicate the required design. Finally, it is imperative that the dam or levee be stable under construction, operation, and draw down conditions. GeoStudio is a suite of software products that can be used to evaluate the performance of dams and levees with varying levels of complexity. The seepage, settlement, filling/draining, and stability performance of the structure can be simulated during the entire construction sequence. Either long-term (steady state) or detailed transient analyses can be done to consider time-dependent responses. Pore-water pressures and stresses can be included in an advanced stability analysis. The response of the structure to earthquake loading, ground freezing/thawing or other land-climate interactions can also be investigated. Download Brochure Download GeoStudio to view GSZ files Stability analysis during rapid drawdown is an important consideration in the design of dams and levees. SLOPE/W can be used to conduct a three-stage rapid drawdown analysis. Alternatively, SLOPE/W can be integrated with SEEP/W or SEEP3D to conduct a transient stability analysis using effective stress strengths based on 2D or 3D pore water pressure results. Risk-based probabilistic and sensitivity analysis can be conducted, along with partial factor analysis. Download the GeoStudio data files (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Read the 2D analysis details Read the 3D analysis details SEEP/W can be used to analyze a variety of technical issues related to groundwater flow. Analyze and design seepage and uplift control measures such as stabilizing berms, cut-off walls and deflowering systems. Evaluate the risk of initiating internal erosion using seepage and exit gradients. Integrate SEEP/W and SLOPE/W to evaluate the effects of geofabrics and other innovative techniques on both seepage and stability. Download the GeoStudio data files Read the analysis details Analyze the stability of an earth structure subjected to earthquake loading using QUAKE/W, including the development of excess pore-water pressure during shaking and the potential for liquefaction. Integrate QUAKE/W with SIGMA/W to analyze stability and post-shaking deformation. Download the GeoStudio data files Read the analysis details SIGMA/W can be used to analyze the full construction sequence of an earth structure, including the development and dissipation of excess pore-water pressures during construction. Integrate SIGMA/W and SLOPE/W to analyze the deformation and stability of the structure through time. Use SIGMA/W or SEEP/W to design pore-water pressure control measures. SLOPE/W Stability analysis of soil and rock slopes. Learn More SEEP/W + SEEP3D Finite element analysis of groundwater flow in saturated / unsaturated porous media. SIGMA/W Finite element stress and deformation analysis of earth and structural materials. QUAKE/W Finite element analysis of earthquake liquefaction and dynamic loading. CTRAN/W Finite element analysis of solute and gas transport in porous media. BUILD3D Geometry creation tool for complex 3D domains.	https://www.geoslope.com/solutions/dams-and-levees
What is Gravity One of the first things we learn about shapes and geometry is the concept of parallel lines. Two lines that both travel in the same direction and their paths never cross. Well, let me tell you, the reality is a lot more complex. All the lives we’ve been told we live in a three-dimensional space or the third dimension. Those dimensions being height, width, and depth. Now, this is superficially correct, and thinking any different won’t change your life, but the reality is we exist within a 4-dimensional realm called spacetime. What is Gravity We have freedom of movement within three of these dimensions, space, but the fourth, time, is restricted. This means I can move in any direction within space at any speed or any acceleration, my only constraint is the energy needed to change my momentum. But in the fourth dimension, time, I can only go one direction at one speed. (What is Gravity) For that reason we are considered three-dimensional beings, we don’t possess the ability to comprehend the fourth dimension. But that doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist and believe it or not, it’s why things are attracted to each other by what we call gravity. To comprehend spacetime and how the fourth dimension creates gravity. we need to be able to comprehend how higher dimensions affect lower dimensions. What is Gravity? So to begin, let’s pretend we have a pair of one-dimensional friends, Friend A and B, and these friends get in a fight and decide, I’m done with you and start walking away from one another in opposite directions. Then after a while, all of a sudden friend B pops up out of nowhere and both of them lose their minds. How is this possible? There’s no conceivable notion, other than teleportation, of how these two friends could meet up again. Their one-dimensional minds are just unable to comprehend what is happening. Because their world is actually a circle within two dimensions. However, Without information from the second dimension, it’s impossible to know the true direction of their path or any path for that matter. Therefore the one-dimensional friends are bounded by the second dimension. What is Gravity What is Gravity The same thing happens for those living in two dimensions. These friends walk away from each other, turn 90 degrees to their north. Keep walking in parallel lines, and yet somehow they run into each other. That is because they actually exist upon a sphere. Again, without information on the third dimension, they can’t conceive the true nature of the path they are taking. That brings us to our world. The third dimension, and yes we too are bounded by a higher, the fourth, dimension. Just like our friends in the previous two examples, there’s no way for us to conceive exactly how we can travel in straight parallel lines and meet up again. But we can understand that our plane of existence is curved in the next higher dimension. What does that mean? We have no idea. Just like our friends from before, but that doesn’t mean we can’t understand the consequences of it. This curvature in the fourth dimension is what we experience as gravity and just like how everything in the lower dimensions that travel in straight parallel lines eventually meets up, the same thing happens here in the third dimension. However, here things differ a little from our friends before. Unlike our lower dimensional friends, we don’t have the freedom to choose how fast to move through our 4dimensional spacetime. What is Gravity Whether you are running, sitting, or falling, you are moving through spacetime at the notorious speed of C.roughly 300,000km/s. This is of course the same C from the famous e=mc^2 postulated by einstein and is equally distributed between space and time. So if you decided to move faster through space you must move slower through time and if you were to somehow slow down in space, you’d move faster through time. Now, you may be thinking, well I’m just sitting here why isn’t time passing faster? But remember the surface of the planet is moving, the earth is moving, the solar system is moving, and the galaxy is moving. It’s impossible to stop moving through space. Plus your changes in velocity are so small compared to C the difference is imperceptible. Even rockets that travel at 8km/s are only moving 2 ten thousandths of a percent of the speed of light. So we are constantly moving through spacetime at a constant speed. And since spacetime is curved, just like the previous examples, our perceived straight paths appear to “attract” or converge with one another. If this still isn’t making sense don’t get discouraged we are talking about a very complex concept, normally outside our realm of comprehension. But bear with me, we’re going to start visualizing this and I think you’ll have the same eureka moment I had. Okay! Let’s start visualizing this. To begin we’ll start with the most common visualization of gravity, but it’s not my favorite. We’ll visualize the fabric of space-time as a trampoline. Now, normally empty spacetime just looks like a trampoline. But of course, spacetime is not empty, it’s filled with matter, normal and dark alike, and this matter has a very strange effect on spacetime. What is Gravity What is Gravity Now, Although they exist within space-time, the elementary particles that make up all matter are not made up of spacetime themselves. They are for lack of a better term and as far as we know today, pure energy, and this pure energy occupies volume within spacetime or disturbs it. But this volume that should be spacetime doesn’t simply disappear because energy or matter is occupying it, it is displaced. So the more energy or mass that exists, the greater a disturbance and displacement it has on the surrounding spacetime. So planets and stars and all the energy within them warp the spacetime around them. That means spacetime is curved by matter. This is very important because straight lines on curves have unique behaviors. A straight line along a curve is called a geodesic and an easy way to identify geodesics on spheres is that they always pass through the point on the exact opposite side of the sphere. The only reason it wouldn’t is if some force was applied to it along its path, but then it would no longer be a straight line. Now two geodesics, no matter where you put them on a sphere, will cross each other’s paths. Now whether objects following those paths hit each other is a matter of timing and relative velocities, but they are constantly moving to intercept the other path. So, just like how moving along a curve in the third dimension can be viewed as moving along a straight path in the second dimension, moving along this now curved fourth dimension means it still feels like we are moving in a straight line in the third dimension. And just like how two-dimensional beings moving in parallel lines eventually meet one another along the surface of a sphere, us moving in straight parallel lines in space means we still end up meeting each other or crossing one’s path within spacetime. Think about how crazy that is! If we suspend a ball above the surface of the earth, it’s moving in the same direction as the earth through space. Let’s even freeze the rotation of the earth so we don’t worry about the angular velocity affecting our ball’s movement. Now when we look at the ball and the earth they are both clearly moving along two parallel paths through three-dimensional space. So there’s no reason for them to cross each other’s path. What is Gravity But when I let go, as they travel through spacetime, just like how we saw with the friends walking on the sphere, because they are traveling along a curve in a higher dimension the ball and the earth end up running into each other despite traveling parallel with each other. And this is the fundamental concept of gravity. This becomes abundantly clear if we change our perspective. If we look at our two friends walking along in two dimensions it looks like they walk into each other, however, if we remove any reference to their velocity because they are walking at the same speed it simply looks like they are gravitating towards each other for no reason. The same thing applies to our ball and earth! As they both whizz past it’s clear that, oh okay they’re moving along a curve on the fourth dimension and thus converge. We can see both of their horizontal and vertical movements. But to someone standing on the earth, the ball appears motionless as if it’s not moving through space at all. The only difference is that the ball’s path through spacetime converges with the path of the earth. Even though it appears as if the ball is motionless on the ground since both the earth and the ball are still moving through spacetime, they’re still constantly colliding. Finally, let’s go back to our trampoline example and I want to explain my original confusion with this model, in case anyone else had or has it. As we roll a ball around our spacetime it’s clear that we see the curve of orbits and we see that oh yea things fall down “the well” as it’s called. But why does it need to? If gravity isn’t a tangible force, why if I place a motionless ball here on the trampoline does it have to roll down towards our planet? And this is where my mistake was. What is Gravity You see before when we talked about lower-dimensional beings moving about, nothing is stopping them from stopping themselves or just decided to sit down. But remember, everything is always moving through spacetime, so the ball placed on the trampoline has to move because everything in spacetime moves. And our planet in the middle of the trampoline isn’t motionless either, it’s also moving through spacetime at the same speed as the ball. And once you see the trampoline-like this. Well, I hope it clicks and it makes sense why something would just fall as we perceive it, straight down. So remember, if it feels like you are stuck in a rut or not making progress, the universe is always there behind you moving and pushing you forward.	https://techfreeinfo.com/what-is-gravity/
Chronic pain is the most frequent reason for a patient to see a doctor. Direct nerve injuries such as traumatic injuries as well as indirect nerve injuries occurring secondary to a disease may lead to a severe chronic pain condition clinically known as Neuropathic Pain (NP). Depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders were significantly more prevalent in patients with NP compared to those without such pain. Current drugs are highly unsatisfactory and leave much to be desired. For this reason, expectations are very high, that anti NGF drugs will emerge as the first new class of broadly applicable painkillers in decades, despite safety concerns still lingering, that placed the antiNGF antibodies under development in a sort of clinical limbo. The value proposition for this class of drugs is very clear. Several tens of millions of patients worldwide suffer from conditions that cause chronic pain, and the number will only increase as population age. More specifically for NP, the exact prevalence of NP is more difficult to evaluate, since not all cases of NP are recognized as such, because NP may occur secondary to a disease which does not necessarily link the experienced pain with neuronal damage. Two studies on the general population in Europe reported the prevalence of pain of predominant neuropathic origin (Torrance et al, 2006) or pain with neuropathic characteristics (Bouhassira et al, 2008) to be 8 % and 7 % respectively. In any event, NP arises following various high prevalence conditions in the peripheral or the central nervous system. Patients who have suffered a stroke, suffer from diabetes or from multiple sclerosis experience NP in 8 %, 16% and 28 % of the cases, respectively (Daousi et al, 2004; Osterberg et al, 2005) and following spinal cord injuries incidence rates are as high as 67 % (Finnerup et al, 2001). Therefore, it is clear that NP affect several tens of millions of patients, all of which are unsatisfactorily treated by currently available drugs. It is therefore evident that the social impact of the Paincage project is going to be very high. Developing and validating a new generation of analgesic drugs, based on the improved understanding of the NGF and EC involvement in NP, which represents a major outcome of this project to control NP, will therefore improve the quality of life of millions of patients across Europe. The information gathered in this project and the fulfillment of its objectives will provide major advances in understanding and controlling the mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain, laying the ground for the development of next-generation NGF-targeting drugs as effective NP treatments. Also, the project will provide information to achieve better patient stratification, according to biomarkers related to the mechanisms studied. To gain knowledge on the mechanisms of different pain syndromes whose treatments are inadequate, such as NP, the new genetic pain models generated in this project, of pain insensitivity (HSAN) and pain hyper-sensitivity (TrkA knock-in mice), will provide unique insights in understanding pain processing and perception, including its cognitive and emotional aspects. The identification of genes that change their expression in response to NP will provide additional information related to the NGF/TrkA signalling pathways involved. Coincidently, it may be possible to link a SNP for NGF and TrkA, or for genes related to the EC system with patients suffering of NP, that will allow us to identify potential high-risk individuals with NP. Various aspects of the PAINCAGE project are expected to have a strong impact. Moreover, our studies will provide a mechanistic explanation for the linkage between BDNF signaling, downregulation of KCC2 expression and the aberrant sensory processing that follows a peripheral nerve lesion. By a combined ChIP-seq and whole transcriptomic approach, we aim to map, for the first time, gene targets of histone modifications in peripheral and brain structures, at different stages of NP onset and during antiNGF or antiTrkA treatment. Moreover, the project will provide a unique and unprecedented opportunity to compare, in side-by-side treatments, the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of antiNGF, antiTrkA and p75NTR-Fc scavenger. This summarizes the best that the industrial pipeline displays currently, world-wide. Finally, validated targets will provide biomarkers for pain, to enable better patient’s stratification and optimization of their treatments and mechanism-based treatment selection. In conclusion, it is expected that the information provided by the PAINCAGE project will lay very solid grounds for the development of safer and more effective new generation analgesic drugs. This will have a major social benefit, providing solutions to a big social and personal problem, namely chronic pain. The results obtained will strongly impact quality of life of patients suffering from NP, with great reduction of social costs due to inadequate pain treatment. We also anticipate that the long lasting analgesic effects of this class of drugs will reduce daily dose intake, with welfare benefit and better compliance of patients to treatment.	http://www.paincage.it/overview/impact/social-impact/
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-24-00582} =============== DNA-protein interactions package genomic DNA into globular chromatin. This along with modifications of nucleic acids---for example, methylation of cytosine residues---that otherwise do not affect the sequence of chromosomal DNA constitute the epigenetic state of the genome \[[@B1-molecules-24-00582]\] Modifications of the epigenetic status are closely associated with several diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases \[[@B2-molecules-24-00582],[@B3-molecules-24-00582],[@B4-molecules-24-00582],[@B5-molecules-24-00582],[@B6-molecules-24-00582]\]. Therefore molecules that can alter or 'correct' aberrant epigenetic modifications are of importance as therapeutics---and are sometimes called 'epigenetic drugs' \[[@B5-molecules-24-00582]\]. The non-duplex DNA secondary structure called G-quadruplex (commonly called G4), particularly molecules/ligands that specifically interact with G4 structures gain significance in this context. The biological role of G4 structures was first implicated when G-rich telomeric repeats were observed to adopt the four-stranded secondary structure through stacking interactions of guanine-tetrads ([Figure 1](#molecules-24-00582-f001){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B7-molecules-24-00582],[@B8-molecules-24-00582],[@B9-molecules-24-00582],[@B10-molecules-24-00582]\]. Interestingly, genome-wide analysis revealed a sequence capable of forming G4 structures was enriched in gene regulatory regions ([Figure 1](#molecules-24-00582-f001){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B11-molecules-24-00582],[@B12-molecules-24-00582],[@B13-molecules-24-00582]\]. This was initially observed through genome-wide analysis in bacteria including E. coli---based on which authors proposed a widespread gene regulatory role of G4 structures \[[@B11-molecules-24-00582]\]. Prevalence and conservation within promoters of homologous genes in human, chimpanzee, mouse, and rat further implicated G4 structures in gene regulatory function ([Figure 1](#molecules-24-00582-f001){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B11-molecules-24-00582],[@B14-molecules-24-00582],[@B15-molecules-24-00582]\]---this was experimentally observed to be so using G4-binding ligands \[[@B16-molecules-24-00582]\]. Gene regulatory functions, and in addition role of G4 structures in replication and recombination have been reviewed earlier \[[@B17-molecules-24-00582],[@B18-molecules-24-00582]\]. The involvement of G4 structures in epigenetic functions, though noted in early work, has received more direct attention in a recent review, where G4 structures have been implicated as structural mediators of epigenetic modifications in chromatin \[[@B19-molecules-24-00582]\]. The authors have focused on human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter transcription factor binding sites and telomerase reactivation in cancer as a case study for epigenetic regulation mediated by G4 structures. Therefore, G4 structure-binding ligands, including ones available as nutrient molecules might be important in epigenetic regulation/modifications---particularly in conditions with established epigenetic aberrations. G4 structure binding ligands have been previously characterized from natural sources (e.g., berberine \[[@B20-molecules-24-00582]\], sanguinarine \[[@B21-molecules-24-00582]\]) and are also artificially synthesized (e.g., ligand 360A \[[@B22-molecules-24-00582]\], pyridostatin \[[@B23-molecules-24-00582]\]). Several of such ligands were found to affect gene regulation through possible epigenetic mechanisms implicated in cancers as well other disorders. Role of epigenetics in cancer has gained significance as multiple genes and microRNAs related to cancer initiation and progression were reported to exhibit epigenetic abnormalities \[[@B24-molecules-24-00582]\]. Most of these were results of differential regulation of genes coding for epigenetic modifiers itself, leading to silencing of tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, and altered expression of microRNAs. Several reviews cover this aspect in substantial detail \[[@B3-molecules-24-00582],[@B25-molecules-24-00582],[@B26-molecules-24-00582]\]. Attempts to find out any possible association of G4 structures with genes reported to undergo epigenetic modifications in various cancer types, yielded evidence that several of these gene promoters exhibit potential G4 sequence (PG4), for example, hTERT \[[@B27-molecules-24-00582]\], H19 \[[@B28-molecules-24-00582]\], KRAS \[[@B29-molecules-24-00582]\] BCL-2 \[[@B30-molecules-24-00582]\], RET \[[@B31-molecules-24-00582],[@B32-molecules-24-00582]\], PARP-1 \[[@B33-molecules-24-00582],[@B34-molecules-24-00582]\]. Interestingly, these epigenetic modifications were shown to be regulated by epigenetic modifiers such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and polycomb group (PcG) proteins, like EZH2, which has been reported to bind to G4 structures in vitro and in vivo respectively \[[@B35-molecules-24-00582],[@B36-molecules-24-00582],[@B37-molecules-24-00582]\] (vide infra). This indicates the possibility that G4 structures could potentially recruit epigenetic modifiers. With these in mind, we herein focus reviewing literature on how G4 structure-binding molecules and proteins might be important for development of epigenetic therapeutic interventions in future, particularly in cancer. 2. G4 Structures Impact Local Chromatin at Telomeric and Extra-Telomeric Sites {#sec2-molecules-24-00582} ============================================================================== 2.1. The G4 Structure and DNA Base Modifications {#sec2dot1-molecules-24-00582} ------------------------------------------------ Methylation at the C5 position of cytosine within (GGGGCC)8•(GGCCCC)8 repeats---associated with two neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal dementia (FTD)---was reported to influence stability of G4 structures in the promoter as well as coding region of the C9orf72 gene \[[@B38-molecules-24-00582]\]. In addition, cytosine methylation of dCGG repeats in the FMR1 gene, which expand during progression of fragile X-mental retardation syndrome, were reported to result in stabilization of G4 structures formed by the dCGG repeats in vitro \[[@B39-molecules-24-00582]\]. Increased G4 structure stability upon methylation of d(CGG)n oligomers was therefore implicated in repression of FMR1 in fragile X syndrome \[[@B39-molecules-24-00582]\]. In similar lines, C5 methylation within the G-rich promoter region of the B-cell lymophoma (BCL-2) gene, which forms G4 structure, was observed to lead to repression of BCL-2 known to be abnormally overexpressed in many cancers \[[@B30-molecules-24-00582],[@B40-molecules-24-00582]\]. Results showing that C5 methylation stabilized folding of the G4 structure-forming oligomer further implicated role of DNA methylation-dependent stability of the G4 structure in epigenetic regulation of BCL-2 \[[@B30-molecules-24-00582]\]. Recently, a CTCF binding site located in the first exon of the human telomerase hTERT gene was reported to be disrupted due to the formation of a stable G4 structure following C5 methylation. This was found to result in marked reactivation of hTERT---the enzyme essential for telomere synthesis found to over-expressed in more than 90% of human cancers \[[@B41-molecules-24-00582],[@B42-molecules-24-00582]\]. Furthermore, 8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) modification of DNA---from oxidation through reactive oxygen species---was shown to affect stability of promoter G4 structures resulting in altered expression of multiple genes like c-myc, VEGF, NTHL1, and KRAS ([Figure 2](#molecules-24-00582-f002){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B29-molecules-24-00582],[@B43-molecules-24-00582],[@B44-molecules-24-00582],[@B45-molecules-24-00582],[@B46-molecules-24-00582]\]. 2.2. G4 Structures and Histone Protein Modifications {#sec2dot2-molecules-24-00582} ---------------------------------------------------- Recent work further reveal the possible role of the G4 structure in arrangement/modification of histones---proteins required to package chromatin---which help determine the epigenetic state of the genome \[[@B47-molecules-24-00582],[@B48-molecules-24-00582],[@B49-molecules-24-00582]\]. It was noted that the absence of REV1, a helicase that resolves the G4 structure, resulted in replication-associated errors \[[@B47-molecules-24-00582]\]. Because of this, after replication, in cells without REV1 the β-globin gene locus was found to lose the K9-dimethylated variant of histone H3 critical for maintaining the repressed state of chromatin. This resulted in de-repression of the β-globin gene. The role of the G4 structure was studied further through artificial insertion a G4 structure in the lysozyme C gene, which otherwise did not have a G4 structure and therefore was unaffected by the absence of REV1 \[[@B47-molecules-24-00582]\]: artificial insertion of the G4 structure resulted in activation of lysozyme expression in cells without REV1. In addition, it was also found that the presence or absence of the G4 structure affected histone H3 modifications (K4-trimethylation and K9/K14-acetylation) at the BU-1 promoter, which was dependent on the presence of the G4-helicase REV1 \[[@B49-molecules-24-00582]\]. 2.3. G4 Structures Engage Epigenetic Factors through G4 Binding Proteins {#sec2dot3-molecules-24-00582} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ It has been noted that modifications of DNA and histones can cooperate to engage or disrupt binding of regulatory factors \[[@B50-molecules-24-00582],[@B51-molecules-24-00582]\]. Therefore, the role of G4 structures in DNA/histone modifications are expected to impact association of regulatory factors. This was further supported when the binding of epigenetic factors was observed to be dependent on the promoter G4 structure within the cyclin-dependent kinase p21 and telomerase (hTERT) promoters \[[@B22-molecules-24-00582],[@B27-molecules-24-00582]\]. Interestingly, at the p21 promoter this was through the recently discovered function of the telomeric protein TRF2 as a transcription factor. Recruitment of the epigenetic repressor complex of proteins including REST/co-REST/LSD1 was through TRF2---where TRF2 binding required presence of the p21 promoter G4 structure \[[@B22-molecules-24-00582]\]. Similarly, in another study authors noted that critical histone modifications for hTERT repression in normal adult cells required binding of the metastasis suppressor factor NME2 \[[@B27-molecules-24-00582]\]. Occupancy of NME2 on the hTERT promoter depended on the promoter G4 structure---consistent with NME2-G4 association noted earlier \[[@B52-molecules-24-00582]\]---thereby making the hTERT histone modifications and expression G4-dependent ([Figure 2](#molecules-24-00582-f002){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B27-molecules-24-00582]\]. Furthermore, high-affinity binding of G4 structures with factors that methylate DNA called DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) was reported recently \[[@B53-molecules-24-00582]\]. Along with earlier work implicating association between G4 structures, global DNA methylation and DNMTs these further supports the possible role of G4 structures in epigenetic modifications \[[@B35-molecules-24-00582],[@B54-molecules-24-00582]\]. 2.4. G4 Structures Formed by RNA: Role in Epigenetic Modifications {#sec2dot4-molecules-24-00582} ------------------------------------------------------------------ Biological role of G4 structures formed by RNA sequences (RNA-G4) in transcription/translation \[[@B55-molecules-24-00582],[@B56-molecules-24-00582],[@B57-molecules-24-00582],[@B58-molecules-24-00582]\], including epigenetic regulation \[[@B59-molecules-24-00582]\] and the potential of RNA-G4 structures as targets for small molecule-based therapies has been reviewed ([Figure 2](#molecules-24-00582-f002){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B60-molecules-24-00582],[@B61-molecules-24-00582]\]. Mature human microRNAs were recently discovered to contain RNA-G4 structures that were implicated in miRNA-mRNA-based transcriptional regulation \[[@B62-molecules-24-00582]\]. Multiple studies show the telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), a long non-coding RNA molecule (lncRNA) that forms G4 structures (RNA-G4), to be important in this context \[[@B63-molecules-24-00582],[@B64-molecules-24-00582]\]. Interestingly, it was noted that RNA-G4 structures formed by TERRA bind to lysine-specific histone demethylase1 (LSD-1)---a histone modifier protein---and this catalyzes the removal of methyl groups from histone 3 at lysine 4 and lysine 9 (H3K4/9) in metazoans \[[@B65-molecules-24-00582]\]. 2.5. Telomeric G4 Structures and Epigenetic Modifiers {#sec2dot5-molecules-24-00582} ----------------------------------------------------- Formation of G4 structures by (TTAGGG)~n~ telomeric repeats in vertebrates has been implicated in the activity of the telomere synthesizing protein telomerase \[[@B66-molecules-24-00582]\]. Relatively recent work reveal telomeric G4 structures might be involved in maintaining the chromatin state of the telomeric/subtelomeric regions ([Figure 2](#molecules-24-00582-f002){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B67-molecules-24-00582],[@B68-molecules-24-00582]\]. RNA-G4 binding proteins like TLS/FUS and EWS bind TERRA as well as telomeric G4 structures forming a ternary RNA-DNA G4 complex \[[@B69-molecules-24-00582],[@B70-molecules-24-00582],[@B71-molecules-24-00582],[@B72-molecules-24-00582]\]. This complex of proteins was observed to recruit the methyltransferase Suv4-20h2, which tri-methylated K20 residues of histone H4 one of the prime histone modifiers at telomeres \[[@B72-molecules-24-00582]\]. In addition, association of TERRA with the G4 structure-binding RGG3 domain of TLS/FUS mediates K9 tri-methylation of histone H3, which is an essential heterochromatin mark at telomeres \[[@B73-molecules-24-00582]\]. Interestingly, interaction of ATRX, an epigenetic modifier of SWI2/SNF2 family, with telomeric G4 structures was shown to be important in maintaining the 'dynamic' state of telomeric chromatin in undifferentiated pluripotent cells \[[@B74-molecules-24-00582]\]. Binding of CBX5 (chromobox homolog 5) along with ATRX at telomeres was involved in inducing the repressed chromatin state. At the same time, ATRX bound to TTAGGG repeats interacted with K4 of H3.3 histones imparting features of open chromatin. In differentiated cells telomeres are predominantly in a closed conformation. Therefore the ATRX-G4 interaction mediated cell cycle-specific 'open/closed' telomeric state in undifferentiated pluripotent cells appears to be of significance \[[@B74-molecules-24-00582]\]. 3. Promise of G4 Structure Binding Molecules in Epigenetics Based Therapeutics {#sec3-molecules-24-00582} ============================================================================== 3.1. G4 Structure Binding Ligands as Potential Modifiers of the Epigenetic State {#sec3dot1-molecules-24-00582} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Epigenetic drugs include compounds that bind to proteins that affect chromatin organization, such as histone methylation/demethylation inhibitors, bromo-domain inhibitors, HAT inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors: many of which are at different stages of clinical trials as anti-cancer molecules \[[@B75-molecules-24-00582],[@B76-molecules-24-00582],[@B77-molecules-24-00582]\]. Ligand(s) that bind to G4 structures in DNA/RNA and thereby modulate changes in the chromatin in ways described above, therefore, could be of importance as 'epigenetic modifiers'. With this in mind, in the following sections we focus on G4 structure-binding ligands that could be relevant in epigenetics. The role of G4 ligands as potential anticancer agents and in antiviral therapy through functions other than epigenetic mechanisms have been reviewed earlier \[[@B78-molecules-24-00582],[@B79-molecules-24-00582]\]. Berberine, a plant alkaloid known to bind G4 structures \[[@B20-molecules-24-00582],[@B21-molecules-24-00582]\], was found to induce hypomethylation of the TP53 promoter leading to apoptosis in the human multiple myeloma U266 cells \[[@B80-molecules-24-00582]\]. In addition, berberine has been shown to down-regulate histone deacetlyases (HDACs) \[[@B81-molecules-24-00582]\]; up-regulate histone acetyltransferases, demethylases, and methyltransferases, resulting in wide spread changes in methylation of lysine K4/K27/K36 of histone H3 (i.e., H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3) \[[@B82-molecules-24-00582]\]; and, interestingly, affect interaction of DNMTs with microRNAs during malignant transformation of colorectal cancer cells \[[@B83-molecules-24-00582]\]. Although G4-berberine interaction was not directly studied, together these studies implicate berberine in epigenetic functions that could be through G4 structures ([Table 1](#molecules-24-00582-t001){ref-type="table"}). Similarly, sanguinarine, another molecule obtained from plants, that binds the telomeric and c-myc promoter G4 structures \[[@B21-molecules-24-00582],[@B84-molecules-24-00582]\] was noted to epigenetically modify chromatin by inducing altered histone methylation \[[@B85-molecules-24-00582]\]. Based on the effect of the G4 structure observed in replication (described above) small molecules derived from modification of the well-known G4 binding ligand pyridine 2,6-dicarboximide (PDC) was screened using the BU-1 locus in DT-40 chicken cells \[[@B105-molecules-24-00582]\]. This resulted in several ligands (e.g., PDC12, 14, 22, 23, 25, and 40) that induced transcriptional reprogramming of the BU-1 locus. This was found to be through the loss of trimethylated-K4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) and interestingly, cytosine methylation in the BU-1 gene. Together these suggested the role of the G4 structure in re(placement) of histone marks, a hallmark of epigenetic regulation \[[@B105-molecules-24-00582]\]. As mentioned earlier, epigenetic reorganization of the hTERT promoter through interaction of NME2 with the hTERT promoter G4 structures results in repression of abnormally overexpressed hTERT in cancer cells \[[@B27-molecules-24-00582]\]. Prompted by this authors checked several known G4 binding ligands. Many of these like 9A, 9B, and Bis-ANON (acridine based), JD59 (bis-indole carboxamide) and RR110 (pyridostatin based) showed more than 50% reduction in hTERT expression, which was shown to be dependent on presence of the hTERT promoter G4 structure \[[@B27-molecules-24-00582]\]. In addition to this, several other G4 ligands have been reported to repress hTERT expression \[[@B106-molecules-24-00582]\]. These findings could be useful in development of G4 based epigenetic therapeutic interventions for restricting hTERT overexpression as seen in cancer cells. Transcription regulation of p21---activation of which results in growth arrest of cancer cells on treatment with anticancer drugs---was dependent on TRF2-G4 interactions that induced epigenetic modifications \[[@B22-molecules-24-00582]\]. Anti-cancer drug resistance often results from ineffective p21 activation \[[@B107-molecules-24-00582]\]. The role of the G4 structure in p21 epigenetic regulation was tested using the pyridine derivative G4 ligand 360A \[[@B22-molecules-24-00582],[@B108-molecules-24-00582]\]. Authors showed that aggressive MDAMB-231 breast cancer cells, otherwise resistant to the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, regained doxorubicin-sensitivity in presence of 360A. This was through 360A-mediated de-repression of p21 in MDAMB-231 cells suggesting the potential function of G4 ligands in modification of cellular epigenetic mechanisms ([Figure 3](#molecules-24-00582-f003){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B22-molecules-24-00582]\]. 3.2. Dietary G4 Ligands Can Affect Epigenetic Modifications {#sec3dot2-molecules-24-00582} ----------------------------------------------------------- Dietary molecules that affect epigenetics and resulting changes in gene regulation include tea polyphenols like ellagic acid \[[@B109-molecules-24-00582]\], epigallocatechin gallate \[[@B110-molecules-24-00582]\], curcumin \[[@B111-molecules-24-00582]\], genistein \[[@B112-molecules-24-00582]\], resveratrol \[[@B113-molecules-24-00582]\], and sulforaphane \[[@B114-molecules-24-00582]\]. Amongst these, epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TFDG) from green tea and black tea, and resveratrol from berries were reported to bind telomeric G4 structures with high affinity \[[@B115-molecules-24-00582],[@B116-molecules-24-00582]\]. Curcumin and ellagic acid were also shown to bind KRAS G4 sequences in vitro \[[@B117-molecules-24-00582]\]. Deficiency of the dietary component folate, a methyl group donor metabolite, was observed to result in global hypomethylation of CpG islands and increased G4 structure formation in HeLa cells \[[@B118-molecules-24-00582]\], consistent with decreased methylation within CpG islands that harbor potential G4 structures in a genome wide study \[[@B54-molecules-24-00582]\]. Berberine was found to impair parasitic infections from Eimeria sp. through epigenetic modifications in cells of the gastrointestinal tract in mouse models showing potential as a food supplement in animal husbandry \[[@B119-molecules-24-00582]\]. Furthermore, ROS-induced oxidative stress is known to result in 8-oxo-guanine modifications of Guanine base. As described above such modifications have been reported to affect stability of the G4 structure leading to altered function \[[@B44-molecules-24-00582],[@B45-molecules-24-00582],[@B120-molecules-24-00582],[@B121-molecules-24-00582]\]. Therefore, the effect of dietary anti-oxidants on G4 structures and related epigenetics could be interesting to consider in future ([Figure 3](#molecules-24-00582-f003){ref-type="fig"}). 3.3. G4 Structure-Binding Epigenetic Modifier Proteins: Potential for Development of Epigenetic Intervention Agents {#sec3dot3-molecules-24-00582} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nucleolin, possibly the first protein noted to interact with G-rich oligonucleotides that adopt G4 structure was found to be involved in epigenetic modification of histone H1 implicated in decondensation of chromatin \[[@B122-molecules-24-00582],[@B123-molecules-24-00582],[@B124-molecules-24-00582]\]. Interestingly, in 2009, a metastasis suppressor factor NME2 was found to not only associate with the promoter G4 structure of the oncogene c-myc but also important for transcription regulation of c-myc suggesting transcription regulatory roles of G4 structures in association with regulatory factors \[[@B52-molecules-24-00582]\]. More recently, NME2 was shown to be involved in epigenetic regulation of hTERT through association with the G4 structure in the promoter of hTERT \[[@B27-molecules-24-00582]\]. Epigenetic modifiers like DNMT3A and 3B, EZH2, and ATRX (as discussed earlier) bind to G4 structures where epigenetic regulatory functions mediated through such interactions might be of clinical significance \[[@B35-molecules-24-00582],[@B37-molecules-24-00582],[@B53-molecules-24-00582],[@B74-molecules-24-00582]\]. In addition, interaction of TRF2 with G4 structures and/or G-rich binding sites might be important because of epigenetic regulation of genes like p21 and several other \[[@B22-molecules-24-00582]\], which interestingly was also noted to be dependent on telomere length \[[@B125-molecules-24-00582]\]. The TRF2-mediated epigenetic regulation of p21 appears to be of added significance in aggressive as well as commonly encountered drug resistant cancer cells. Somewhat in line with these studies a large scale screening for G4 structure interacting factors using protein microarrays comprising \>9000 human proteins found several factors that are involved in binding nucleosomes \[[@B126-molecules-24-00582]\]. It is also likely that function of the G4 structure helicases like FANCJ \[[@B127-molecules-24-00582]\], BLM \[[@B128-molecules-24-00582]\], WRN \[[@B129-molecules-24-00582]\], and REV-1 \[[@B49-molecules-24-00582]\] would be important in epigenetic modifications in a replication-dependent manner (as demonstrated for REV-1) \[[@B49-molecules-24-00582]\]. Similarly factors that bind to RNA G4 structures like the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) \[[@B37-molecules-24-00582]\], TLS/FUS \[[@B72-molecules-24-00582],[@B73-molecules-24-00582]\], EWS \[[@B71-molecules-24-00582]\], and hnRNP A1 \[[@B130-molecules-24-00582],[@B131-molecules-24-00582]\] suggest further importance of G4 structure-protein interactions in epigenetic regulation \[[@B37-molecules-24-00582],[@B71-molecules-24-00582],[@B72-molecules-24-00582],[@B73-molecules-24-00582]\]. It is of interest to note here that many of the G4 structure interacting proteins possess the positively charged Arg-Gly-Gly (RGG/RG) motif containing domain, which is noted to be important for G4 structure binding ([Figure 3](#molecules-24-00582-f003){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B132-molecules-24-00582],[@B133-molecules-24-00582],[@B134-molecules-24-00582]\]. 4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives {#sec4-molecules-24-00582} ====================================== For more than a decade G4 structures have been implicated in epigenetic modifications that might impact state of chromatin resulting in altered gene regulation. Recent studies through more direct studies show how G4 structures modify chromatin by not only change in histone and/or DNA modification but also during replication. A growing number of reports suggest that G4 structure has significant role to play in epigenetic control of genes involved in various neurological disorders as well as cancer. Herein we have focused on these studies. This is discussed along with studies that have focused on design and characterization of different classes of small molecule ligands that specifically bind to G4 structures. However, the epigenetic effects of these ligands remain to be confirmed in more physiologically relevant settings, such as in animal models. Together, these bring forth the promise of the G4 structure binding ligands, including dietary molecules, in affecting epigenetic mechanisms. This becomes particularly notable in cases where changes in epigenetic pattern have been shown to play a role in diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. It is possible, therefore, that ligands that bind to G4 structures reinstate/rescue aberrant epigenetic modifications in chromatin and thereby enable therapeutic interventions. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) G4 structures are another promising avenue for small molecule therapeutics; although there is a lack of sufficient data in the field currently mtDNA G4 structures are increasingly under consideration as targets for therapeutic intervention in mitochondrial diseases \[[@B135-molecules-24-00582]\]. A recent study reported that RHPS4, a G4-binding ligand thought to localize to nuclear G4s showed preferential binding to mtDNA G4 structures in both cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines thereby opening new avenues to study mtDNA transcriptional and epigenetic regulation using G4-binding molecules specific to mtDNA \[[@B136-molecules-24-00582]\]. Although intracellular G4 structures are primarily right-handed in orientation, left-handed G-quadruplexes have been observed in vitro \[[@B137-molecules-24-00582]\]; however, there is lack of sufficient evidence to validate their formation by nuclear or mitochondrial G-rich sequences in cellulo. Both left and right handed G4 structures have been shown to form from the same nucleic acid sequence mediated by small molecule binding \[[@B138-molecules-24-00582]\]. Questions about the effect of G4 orientation and 'handedness' on genome structural dynamics need to be addressed to improve on the structural sensitivity of G4-binding small molecules. Although several G4 helicases and G4 binding proteins are known to be associated with genetic diseases not much has been explored for therapeutic interventions. The current arsenal of G4 related therapeutics comprise of G4 selective ligands, which are being attempted to be upgraded to locus specific targeting and G4 DNA aptamers which can bind and inhibit G4 interacting proteins \[[@B139-molecules-24-00582]\]. Aptamers based on promoter G4s are being focused on to serve as G4 decoys in several cases and also being considered as a drug delivery tool as in case of AS1411-drug conjugate nanoparticles \[[@B140-molecules-24-00582]\]. The multitude of data on the biological significance of G4 and G4 structure interacting proteins could also be utilized to design novel drug molecules. Small peptides or peptidomimetics with better stability could be designed to bind and stabilize G4 structures as well as mediate epigenetic changes at locus of interest. This strategy combined with conventional G4 ligands or alone, could be effective in inducing desired epigenetic modification to counter a particular disease state. It could also be specifically delivered to cancer cells using above mentioned aptamer based delivery systems \[[@B140-molecules-24-00582]\]. However, detailed knowledge of protein structure and the interacting G4 structures is still required to develop molecules which can both bind and recruit epigenetic factors. Perhaps tailoring this for a specific locus would be equally important. In conclusion, the G4 structure has been deemed as a promising target in anti-cancer therapy for long now---its emerging role in epigenetic control of pharmacogenes could be a new-found angle in this battle. A.S. and A.G. acknowledge CSIR and DST-SERB for research fellowship, respectively. All members of S.C. group are acknowledged for engaging discussions and support. A.S., A.G. and S.C. wrote the manuscript. A.S. and A.G. made the figures and S.C. conceptualized and supervised the overall preparation of the manuscript. SC research group is supported by CSIR, was partly supported by the Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance Fellowship (grant number 500127/Z/09/Z) awarded to SC from 2011--2017. The authors declare no conflict of interest. ![The G4 structure and its relevance. (A) G-quadruplex (G4) structural illustration: left panel with G-tetrad planes forming an intramolecular G4 stem, right panel shows Hoogsteen base-pairing of guanines making a G-tetrad. (B) Heat map showing averaged relative enrichment of potential G4 (PG4) sequences near TSS across all chromosomes in the human genome (density of PG4s in 100 base windows). (C) Heat map of conserved promoter PG4s across organisms: upper panel shows enriched PG4 motifs near TSS, lower panel shows conservation of PG4 motif clusters between human and 'orthologous' mouse and rat promoters (red boxes for PG4 motifs per 100 bp window, each row displays individual promoters); 773 human promoters containing 1414 PG4 motifs shown here. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from (Verma, A. et al. Genome-Wide Computational and Expression Analyses Reveal G-Quadruplex DNA Motifs as Conserved cis-Regulatory Elements in Human and Related Species. J. Med. Chem. 51, 5641--5649 (2008)). Copyright (2008) American Chemical Society.](molecules-24-00582-g001){#molecules-24-00582-f001} ![Regulatory roles of G-quadruplex. G4 structures in DNA and RNA are involved in the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of the genome by acting as anchor sites for recruitment of transcription factors at promoters. G4 structure-interacting proteins recruit epigenetic modifiers upon binding to G4 structures at telomeres and extra-telomeric sites.](molecules-24-00582-g002){#molecules-24-00582-f002} ![Ways of therapeutic intervention through G4 structure-binding small molecules. Stabilization of G4 structure by means of ligands inhibits telomerase activity at telomeres, regulates expression of genes at transcriptional and epigenetic levels. Proteins stabilizing G4 structure upon binding, allow epigenetic modifiers to dock at the site, further regulating gene expression. Several dietary components protect G4 structure from unwanted modifications by binding to the secondary structure. HDACs: histone deacetlyases; DNMTs: DNA methyltransferases.](molecules-24-00582-g003){#molecules-24-00582-f003} molecules-24-00582-t001_Table 1 ###### G4 structure binding ligands and their biological roles including in epigenetics. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ligand Target G4 Structure(s) Affected Function/Pathway/Disease Reference ------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Berberine, quindoline Telomeric\ Colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, lung cancer\ \[[@B20-molecules-24-00582],[@B80-molecules-24-00582],[@B81-molecules-24-00582],[@B82-molecules-24-00582],[@B83-molecules-24-00582],[@B86-molecules-24-00582],[@B87-molecules-24-00582]\] c-myc promoter\ Whole genome methylation\ p53 promoter\ Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mediation by increasing L-PK expression L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) promoter Telomestatin Telomeric\ Inhibition of telomerase activity\ \[[@B88-molecules-24-00582],[@B89-molecules-24-00582],[@B90-molecules-24-00582],[@B91-molecules-24-00582]\] PDGFR-β promoter,\ PDGFR-β/hTERT downregulation\ telomerase (hTERT) promoter Inhibition of fibroblast development and cellular migration due to hypomethylation of PDGFR-β promoter L1H1-7OTD Dele, CD6 Transcriptional regulation \[[@B92-molecules-24-00582]\] Substituted acridines hTERT promoter, c-kit promoter, KRAS promoter, telomeric hTERT/c-kit/KRAS down-regulation\ \[[@B27-molecules-24-00582],[@B93-molecules-24-00582],[@B94-molecules-24-00582],[@B95-molecules-24-00582]\] Telomere shortening Se2SAP VEGF promoter VEGF downregulation \[[@B96-molecules-24-00582],[@B97-molecules-24-00582]\] TMPyP4 miR-1587, C9orf72 promoter, UCP1 promoter, c-myc promoter, telomeric Inhibition of miR-1587 regulation of TAGLN tumor suppressor gene\ \[[@B98-molecules-24-00582],[@B99-molecules-24-00582],[@B100-molecules-24-00582],[@B101-molecules-24-00582],[@B102-molecules-24-00582]\] Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-fronto-temporal dementia (ALS-FTD) remediation\ Regulation of fat tissue differentiation\ c-myc transcriptional repression\ Telomere shortening Isaindigotone derivatives c-myc promoter Interference of NM23-H2---c-myc promoter binding, c-myc repression \[[@B103-molecules-24-00582]\] Pyridostatin Telomeric, IGFN1 intron Telomere shortening\ \[[@B23-molecules-24-00582],[@B104-molecules-24-00582]\] Change in IGFN1 mRNA alternative splicing Bleomycin Telomeric Telomere shortening \[[@B23-molecules-24-00582]\] PDC12 BU-1 promoter BU-1 downregulation in chicken DT40 cells \[[@B105-molecules-24-00582]\] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Designed to build engaging and entertaining speakers, our Public Speaking class will help students improve stage presence and overcome the fear of speaking in front of an audience. Modules focusing on developing intelligent and persuasive speeches as well as effective delivery and mannerisms will be taught. If you have always wanted to be a versatile and charismatic speaker, then this class is for you!	https://kiddypass.com/activity/public-speaking-malaysian-institute-for-debate-and-public-speaking-midp/3288
In LEGO kits for building robots, there is generally a substantial supply of "beams" or "liftarms" in various lengths (e.g., see beam image) as well as pins (e.g. as shown in this image of pins from brickshop.co.uk) to hold them together. While LEGO beams come in varying lengths, they all have holes spaced at a regular interval that we will refer to as one LEGO unit (about 8mm). In most LEGO constructions, beams are generally placed horizontally or vertically along an underlying virtual grid where the holes fall. But it may also be desirable to place beams along a diagonal as in this image of a triangular construction where most of the beams are horizontal and vertical but a set of gears is sandwiched between beams running diagonally. In this example, the beams essentially form a right triangle with sides of length 7, 11, and 13 in LEGO units, but these lengths do not exactly satisfy the Pythagorean Theorem. Recall that the Pythagorean Theorem provides a relationship between the side lengths in a right triangle, a triangle that contains a right (90⚬) angle. It tells us that a2 + b2 = c2where c is the length of the hypotenuse (the longest side, which is opposite the right angle) and a and b are the lengths of other sides (legs). (A nice site with graphical illustrations is https://www.mathsisfun.com/pythagoras.html.) In the previously referenced LEGO example, we seem to have a violation of the Pythagorean Theorem: 72 + 112 = 49 + 121 = 170 ≠ 169 = 132The reality is that because the numbers are close enough to working out (170 is approximately 169), it is possible to slightly deform the LEGO pieces so that they fit together into what is essentially a right triangle. The goal of the exercise below is to find triples of side lengths, such as 7-11-13 that are close enough to satisfying the Pythagorean Theorem to be constructible in practice with LEGO. Your first task is to create a Scratch program that performs computations on potential Pythagorean triples with side lengths up to 14 (the longest length between the end holes in standard LEGO beams). Use a loop to consider all possible lengths from 1 to 14 for the shortest leg, and incorporate another loop inside to consider possible lengths for the long leg. For the long leg, considers lengths from the current length of the shortest leg up to 14. The "repeat until" or "repeat" blocks in the "Control" palette should be helpful for constructing these loops. For each combination of leg lengths as described above, compute: You are to write all your data to a list. Lists function very much like simple variables and are created through the same "Variables" palette. Once you create a list to hold your data, you can use the "delete" block for this list near the beginning of your program to delete all the data in the list; your program can then repeatedly use the "add" block for this list to fill it with data (in a row-by-row fashion). The first thing added to your list should be just the row "Short Leg,Long Leg,Hypotenuse,Approx Hyp,Error,Abs Error,Slope" (without the quotation marks), corresponding to the data listed above that you need to compute for each combination of leg lengths. As you consider each combination of leg lengths, add a new item (row) to the list, with the leg lengths and computed values in the correct order and separated by commas (using "join" blocks from the "Operators" palette). Before adding a row of data, check that the hypotenuse and slope are in the range of interest to us: approximate hypotenuse at most 14 (so it can be realized with a single LEGO beam) and slope at most 5 (so that it is substantially more interesting than something that runs horizonatally or vertically). (The "if then" block in the "Control" palette and logic operators in the "Operators" palette should be useful for this purpose.) Once your program is running succesfully, you will be able to store your resulting data in a file as follows. In the Stage area of your Scratch window, you will see a scrollable list headed with the name of the list where you have written your data (assuming the name of this list has been left checked in the list of lists that shows under "Make a List" when viewing the "Variables" palette). Right click (or control-click) on the name of your list in the Stage area, and select (left click) "export" from the menu that comes up. The data will store in your Downloads folder in a ".txt" file named to correspond to the name of your list. Change the file name to end in ".csv" instead of ".txt".	https://rig.cs.luc.edu/~rig/PythagoreanLegoCSTA-2022/ScratchAssignment.html
This article attempts to put developments in molecular biology into the broader context of disability rights and the relationship between disabled people and medical science. It includes a critique of biologi cal reduclionism and of the role of the media in inflating 'back-to- basics biology'. The article suggests that disabled people have not been consulted or involved in debates around the new genetics and that a wider discussion of these developments is urgently needed. 60 Citations Disability and genetics in the era of genomic medicine - Medicine, Biology - Nature Reviews Genetics - 2008 ‘Losing the plot’? Medical and activist discourses of contemporary genetics and disability - Sociology - 1999 Genetic Testing, Geneticisation and Social Change: Insights from Genetic Experts in Spain - Biology - 2010 Disability and Genetics: A Disability Critique of Pre‐natal Testing and Pre‐implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) - Psychology - 2012 Whole-Genome Sequencing and Disability in the NICU: Exploring Practical and Ethical Challenges - Medicine - Pediatrics - 2016 Between Knowledge and Practice - Medicine - 2002 The educational experiences of young people with sickle cell disorder: a commentary on the existing literature - Psychology - 2007 Ethics of mitochondrial therapy for deafness. - Medicine - The New Zealand medical journal - 2014 References SHOWING 1-10 OF 26 REFERENCES The new genetics. - Medicine - Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN - 1990 Science and Family in the Great Embryo Debate - Sociology, Medicine - Sociology - 1994 Essays on women, medicine and health - Sociology - 1993 The Making of Blind Men - Psychology - 1981 Antenatal maternal serum screening for Down's syndrome: results of a demonstration project.	https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Back-to-the-future-New-genetics-and-disabled-people-Shakespeare/0ddff8b9b1e91204fc7a66f9d2fe46b363d89f8c
The Declaration and Resolves, Explained! \| The Road to The Revolutionary War What events caused rising tensions between the North American colonies and British Parliament before 1776? In this episode of BRI’s Primary Source Close Reads, Kirk examines the Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress and the debate on how the colonists should confront the barrage of parliamentary acts placed upon them. What challenges had to be overcome in the confrontation of the British Parliament? What solutions came from this declaration and what results followed it? Related Resources Declaration of Independence (1776) On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee brought what came to be called the Lee Resolution before the Continental Congress. This resolution stated “these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states ...” Congress debated independence for several days.	https://billofrightsinstitute.org/videos/the-declaration-and-resolves-explained-the-road-to-the-revolutionary-war
When writing an essay regarding the philosophy of animalism, created by the author George Orwell, in his book Animal Farm, there are certain facts one should know. In George Orwell’s book ANIMAL FARM, animalism represents the philosophy of living the animals set for themselves. It is created by Napoleon, Snowball, and Squealer as a way of following the principles set by the wise boar, Old Major, in the speech he made just before he died. Old major’s vision, was that all animals helped in the labor of the farm and enjoyed the fruits of that labor equally. The principles that animalism was supposed to represent were created so that the animals would not follow the selfish path which the humans lived by. While this idea was great in theory, it immediately began to be corrupted by the pig Napoleon, who believed he was better than the other animals. The principles that Old major had originally set forth, were to keep the animals from being corrupted by the evil habits of humans. He tells them these this; that all humans are enemies, that they must never wear clothes, sleep in beds, drink alcohol, smoke tobacco, touch money, engage in trade, or live in houses. When the pigs get together to discuss the principles Old Major has set for them, and how to tell the other animals, they immediately omit or change some of them. So right away the original philosophy of animalism is corrupted. One by one, each resolution of the seven commandments of animalism, is changed by the pigs to suit their own agenda. These changes turn the farm into a hierarchical society, ruled by a dictator, in which the pigs are the leaders and Napoleon is the dictator. The basic theme of the book, regarding animalism, is to show that societies that throw off those who have been oppressing them, can become corrupted themselves if they allow the philosophies and principles that they believe in to be ignored. Orwell created the idea of animalism and the corruption of it, adapting it from the communist philosophy in Russia and how power corrupted the idea behind it. He uses the change in the animals, more specifically the pigs, to show how power can change and corrupt even those who had good intentions in the beginning. How the principles of animalism were changed could be compared to how easily human nature can change from good to bad.	http://pastorsstudy.net/how-to-write-a-definition-essay-on-animal-farm-animalism.html
Whether you are a leading aerospace manufacturer looking to develop high performance nanocomposites or a specialised manufacturer needing a solution for rapid prototyping we can provide you with the solutions to meet your needs. Marine Renewables and Energy We have a broad expertise in renewable energy generation technology, with particular strengths in marine and solar generation. Mining Camborne School of Mines is an interdisciplinary mining school working at the forefront of a range of geoscience subjects including geology, mining engineering, mineral processing, sustainability and remediation. Structural and Civil Engineering Our academics are international leaders in research on vibration serviceability and its application to real world problems.	http://www.exeter.ac.uk/business/expertise/aeie/
Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. Some City of Columbus departments will be closed November 28 and 29, 2013, in observance of Thanksgiving. Those closed include the Animal Control, Columbus Area Transit, Columbus Public Library, and all departments located in City Hall. The Aquatic Center will be close Wednesday, November 27 at 6 p.m. and will reopen at 9 a.m., Friday, November 29 for normal hours throughout the weekend. Quail Run and Van Berg Golf Courses, Columbus and Roselawn Cemeteries, and all parks will be open. The Columbus Transfer Station will be closed Thanksgiving Day. They will be open to licensed garbage haulers only from 8 a.m. to 12 Noon on Friday, November 29 and the Yard Waste Site will be open from 8 a.m. to 12 Noon on Friday, November 29. The Street Department, Wastewater, Water Production and Water Utility Service will be on call for any emergency. The Columbus Fire and Police Departments will be available 24-7 for all service calls.	http://www.columbusne.us/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=224&ARC=319
Mondriaan Moves: How art can move the body. This post was written together by Ralf Cox, Lisa-Maria van Klaveren and Muriël van der Laan. This year marks the 100th anniversary of De Stijl, an artistic school that originated in the Netherlands. The painter and art theorist Piet Mondriaan (1872-1944) was one of De Stijls’s most iconic members. Mondriaan created a wide range of paintings of various kinds, of which the most famous ones are both loved and hated for their simplicity. His simple compositions, consisting only of red, yellow and blue rectangles, complemented with white areas and black lines, are world famous and count as a hallmark of Modernism. As the Dutch philosopher Jan Bor notes in his book Mondriaan Filosoof (2015), Mondriaan’s paintings have changed the way we perceive the world. Still, some people look at a Mondriaan and cannot help but think that even a child could have painted it. Many others, though, are deeply moved by his paintings. De Stijl‘s centennial celebration was one of the incentives for our exploration of how art is capable of moving people, literally as well as figuratively. Art as an embodied experience Our story starts with the French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961), who explored the interaction between a spectator and a work of art. In his 1945 book Phenomenology of Perception, Merleau-Ponty departs from the ruling notion of ‘être-au-monde’ (being-in-the-world), considering the body as a condition for the embodied experience the world. This means that we are continuously relating ourselves to our environment by means of perception and action. In the Causeries (1948), he appreciates art as a special form of creating these embodied experiences, because of the way it can influence how we perceive the world surrounding us. “The goal of art is not to represent the world, but to capture how the world is experienced by the artist.” Merleau-Ponty emphasizes that an artwork is not a representation of the world, but a world in itself. Accordingly, the goal of art is not to represent the world, but to capture how the world is experienced by the artist. The beholder re-experiences this, as it is mediated by the process of artistic expression. According to Merleau-Ponty, art is special because it is able to stir up the fixed meaning of the world over and over again. An artwork should provide us with a different viewpoint on the world. Think, for example, about the abstraction of the world by Mondriaan or the cubistic viewpoints employed by Picasso. Therefore, an artwork enables us to visualize a familiar or recognizable world in a completely new way. Following this, perceiving an artwork entails an embodied experience of the beholder as (s)he engages the artist’s subjective world (bodily) expressed in the artwork. In connecting these ideas to Mondriaan’s paintings we follow Jan Bor. He proposes that Mondriaan’s art is about the creation of a ‘dynamic balance in movement’. For Mondriaan this creation of balance reveals how nature presents itself in contrasts. As art historian and former director of the Rijksmuseum, Wim Pijbes, during the opening of 100 years De Stijl notes: “Mondriaan was creating compositions without fixed symmetry and centre. He used four basic elements: primary colours, lines, rectangles and shapes, in different sizes. And he searched for new forms of artistic expression by moving these basic elements into new angles.” Thus, Mondriaan’s compositions trigger spectators to (re-)embody the dynamic balance in movement captured on canvas, literally moving them. Bringing the museum into the laboratory We decided to examine the moving quality of Mondriaans paintings in an experiment. Inspired by Merleau-Ponty we analyzed both the bodily movement as well as perceptual judgment of people while observing a painting. Participants looked at ten life-sized paintings by Piet Mondriaan and Jackson Pollock on a large screen (The Pollocks were added as contrast to the Mondriaans, a deliberate choice which will not be elaborated on in this blog post). Participants were standing on a Wii balance board to measure their postural sway, these small movements you make to keep you in dynamic balance. After each painting they used a tablet to rate its beauty and complexity and the extent to which they felt drawn-towards and moved-by it. “Participants that literally leaned towards the painting, indicated to be figuratively more drawn-towards it.” Preliminary results show a sophisticated interplay between painting, postural sway and appraisal. Interestingly, the way the participant’s bodies moved was very different for each painting. This means, that each painting influenced the participant’s movement in a specific way. Additionally, postural sway was related to scores of feeling moved-by and drawn-towards a painting. So, participants’ (literal) movements were associated to their (figurative) moved-by-ness. Participants that literally leaned towards the painting, indicated to be figuratively more drawn-towards it. Although this relation between figurative and literal movement may seem obvious, this has hardly been explored before. Therefore, further research into the embodied (art) experience is certainly worthwhile. Bringing the laboratory into the museum We are currently moving our ‘moving art’ study into the museum, since experiencing a real artwork is markedly different from looking at a picture on a screen. Two main differences are lighting and depth. First, the screen is a source of light itself, whereas an artwork receives indirect TL light or daylight. Second, a picture on the screen is flat, whereas the pasture of a real artwork adds much to the experience of it. In the coming months we will therefore perform the experiment with several of the amazing works of the permanent exposition of the Groninger museum. A real artwork will entail a purer (though subjective!) embodied experience, which will be closer to what the artist expressed. In addition, we are in contact with the Gemeentemuseum in Den Haag, hosting the main De Stijl exposition, to perform the experiment with actual Mondriaans. Note: Image by MEDIODESCOCIDO, licenced by CC BY 2.0. References Bor, J. (2013). Mondriaan filosoof. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker. Merleau-Ponty M. (2002). Phenomenology of Perception. (Tr: Colin Smith). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.	https://mindwise-groningen.nl/mondriaan_moves/
The Spanish doubloon that Ahab nailed to the main mast of the Pequod for the crew member who first spots the White Whale is still nailed in its spot. Stubb watches as first Ahab and then Starbuck study the coin. They then walk away with an expression of sadness. Stubb himself looks at the coin to see what the others saw in it. Using a Massachusetts calendar, Stubb attempts to translate the meaning of the coin based on astrology. In the middle of his studies, Flask comes on the deck. Stubb spys as Flask looks at the coin and sees it in terms of the number of cigars it will buy. Queequeg comes next and appears to have no idea what to make of the coin. Next, the insane Pip only babbles nonsense at the sight of the coin.	http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-mobydick/chapanal039.html
"The fundamental consolidating role of Minimal Action is well brought out in connection with the electrodynamic potentials of moving charges. The important formulation by Liénard and later by Wiechert for the potentials of moving charges, though found to be necessary for a consistent analysis, seems hardly intelligible by itself: in this entangled domain mere following out of algebra, unchecked by interpretation, may lead anywhere." [Larmor 1927, Collected Works, Vol. 2. p. 653] As this passage from Joseph Larmor attests, issues to do with the consistency and intelligibility of the analysis of electrodynamics, the analysis of moving charges, the mathematics of a potential formalism, and the question of the interpretation of the mathematics, extend well back in twentieth-century physics. Classical electrodynamics, though, has been on the edges of the philosophy of physics. Quantum theory and space-time theories have been more center stage, with the result that classical electrodynamics has appeared as conceptually unproblematic and the paradigm of a standard classical theory. That Larmor's issues all feature in Matthias Frisch's impressive exploration of the conceptual features of classical electrodynamics in Inconsistency, Asymmetry and Non-Locality demonstrates that issues to do with the interpretation of the formalism of classical electrodynamics, as well as the nature of the theory itself, persist in deep and interesting ways. One of the valuable features of Frisch's study is to suggest that the theory become more center stage for philosophers of physics. Along with its project of conceptual exploration, Frisch's study leads one to bring this conceptual analysis to bear on a particular notion of scientific theory taken to be common among philosophers of science. In broad terms, this conception maintains that physical theories consist of a mathematical formalism together with an interpretation that largely entails attaching parts of the mathematical formalism to physical phenomena. The overall project of the study is to argue that due to unavoidable problems with the consistency of the formalism of electromagnetism, plus the need to attend to causal constraints that go beyond the formalism, far richer notions of interpretation are needed. Frisch's development of this project has a lot going for it although, as I'll indicate, there appears to be a crucial complexity as to what to count as interpretation. While Frisch is not explicit about this, at heart this project also relates to that grand topic of philosophy of science regarding the nature of the relationship between mathematics and the world, i.e., the nature of the meeting place of the formal, abstract, symbolic, and necessary with the particular, concrete, empirical, and contingent. Localized studies of particular theories such as that undertaken by Frisch are the ones most likely to generate new insights on this topic. The study is also within the fine tradition in philosophy of science of bringing the technical details of a contemporary physical theory to bear on more general issues to do with the nature of a scientific theory, and indirectly, on the task of building a metaphysics based on our best knowledge of the world. As Frisch observes, while quantum theory has displaced classical electrodynamics as a foundational theory in the microscopic realm, nevertheless, the classical theory remains a central one within contemporary physics. It forms the prototype of the gauge field theories that feature in descriptions of the basic interactions of nature and in this way has played an extraordinary role in twentieth-century physics. One of the challenges of this study lies in the need in places for a graduate-level of technical knowledge of electrodynamics in order to follow the arguments. Moreover, since a good bit of the argument related to the nature of scientific theories depends on conclusions drawn from the details of electromagnetic theory, a somewhat formidable task awaits the reader (and reviewer) to engage with and assess the study. This complexity, though, is not new in philosophy of physics, and Frisch assists the reader in providing helpful introductory and summary statements to begin and end chapters as well as the book as a whole. The book consists of nine chapters and begins with presenting what is taken as a "standard conception of scientific theories among philosophers of physics as well as philosophers of science more generally." Frisch summarizes this view: scientific theories ought to be identified with certain mathematical structures and with a mapping function that determines the theory's ontology. The view can be expressed either syntactically, whereby the core of a theory is identified with a mathematical formalism, or semantically, whereby the core is identified with a class of models. Central to this conception is the assumption that the interpretative framework of a theory consists of nothing but a mapping function from bits of the formalism to the world. (p. 193) Frisch's problems with this conception gather around two issues that set the overall structure of the book. The first arises from what Frisch takes as a natural association of the requirement of consistency with this conception of scientific theory, at least with its main formulations. Frisch's reasons here are at times subtle, but a formal logical point is central (which in its formal abstract nature may not be as relevant as Frisch wishes to maintain): that if consequences are to be derived from a theory in the manner of deductive logic, then an inconsistent theory is trivial in that any statement can be derived from it. The second is that the conception does not include the sort of causal notions that appear to be woven into actual scientific accounts of nature. Chapters 2 and 3 take up the issue of consistency in classical electrodynamics and argue that there is an inherent inconsistency within the theory that together with its successful use by physicists indicates "implicit, content-based rules guiding the selective application of the theory's basic equations." (p. 193) The problem with the above conception of scientific theories is the failure to account for such rules. The emphasis on the inconsistency of classical electromagnetism, as Frisch well recognizes, will surprise a good number of those familiar with the theory. The well recognized problem of the self-field and energy of charged particles is not so much the issue, or at least the immediate one, but one that arises from the standard energy conservation principle -- the theory does not allow for the energy radiated by accelerated charges to be related to the changes of kinetic energy of the charges and other sources of work done on the particles. For Frisch, the conclusion here, even after exploring various modifications, is a dramatic one: The theory … scores very high on a number of criteria of theory assessment, such as conceptual fit, accuracy, and simplicity. Yet as I want to show next, it fails miserably on what may appear to be the most important demand -- the theory is mathematically inconsistent. (p. 32) … the mathematical tools available for making this account ['of what the world is like'] precise are inconsistent (p. 46). Yet, as we have seen, there does not seem to be a completely satisfactory and consistent mathematical formalism through which one can model such interactions … (p. 71). Moreover, for Frisch, it appears likely that "physicists will never develop a corrected, consistent theory." (p. 45). The classical theory possesses explanatory power, nevertheless, and in that lies the problem with the traditional account of scientific theories. To explore this claim takes one to the heart of the challenge of the book in its engagement with the technical details of classical electromagnetism. Also, it requires tracing down the specialized studies on the topic since the questions as posed by Frisch do not form the mainline presentation of classical electrodynamics. The claim of inconsistency has not gone unchallenged; for example, in a recent response to the book, Gordon Belot has questioned the necessity of the particular force law invoked in the analysis ("Is Classical Electrodynamics an Inconsistent Theory?", online, 2005). I would venture two considerations that suggest more caution is needed in exploring foundational but traditionally overlooked issues such as these in classical electrodynamics. The first is the use of integral theorems (see p. 35), such as Gauss's divergence theorem that relates volume integrals to surface integrals, and Stokes' theorem relating line integrals to surface integrals. The mathematical basis of these theorems, on which their validity depends, is changed once time-dependent quantities (propagating fields) are introduced, as in the present issue (the issue again being one of the appropriate application of mathematics). The second concerns the ascription of particular field energies to particular points in the field. The observables of classical electromagnetism involve integral expressions over volumes and surfaces, and while there is a long practice (Maxwell does it) of "taking apart" such expressions to ascribe energy densities to particular points that sum to the appropriate limit, the manner in which this is done strictly goes beyond information given by the way the formalism confronts empirical reality. Still, allowing Frisch's identification of a problematic cluster of issues related to the analysis of accelerating point charges and energy considerations, another conceptual issue arises that appears to undermine the manner Frisch takes such issues to challenge the traditional conception of scientific theory -- and thus to mute a key energy driving a central part of the study. The matter here concerns what counts as an "interpretation" of the mathematics of the formalism. Frisch's presentation stresses that an inconsistency is present in the mathematical formalism of the theory, the sort that present a powerful logical challenge to a theory application. However, to use a phrase from another contemporary discourse, that of continental philosophy and post-structuralist thought, it is "interpretation all the way down." In particular, the perceived inconsistency is generated by an already interpreted formalism, i.e., one that already entails a mapping function that embeds the formalism in physical phenomena. The physical ascription of a particular radiant energy term and the application of energy conservation principles is generating an inconsistency and not in a way that can primarily be characterized as a "mathematical inconsistency." The issue here is nothing but an elaboration of the fact that interpretation is always present: the very first equations in the book -- Maxwell's equations in chapter 2 -- immediately arrive with an interpretation, a mapping function, a physical referent to indicate their application. From this perspective then the issue is more one of allowing sufficient richness in the "mapping function" of the traditional conception of scientific theories to incorporate the practice of physics in successfully using classical electrodynamics. Chapters 5 to 7 take up the second problem and argue that to account for an apparent temporal asymmetry in the propagation of radiation, various causal notions are required since the underlying mathematical formalism is symmetric on these matters; and here again features are identified that are not accounted for by the general conception of scientific theories. Here Frisch presents a comprehensive and rich exploration of ways to account for the time-asymmetric "arrow of radiation" of electromagnetic waves, given that mathematically Maxwell's equations are time-symmetric and allow solutions that are "retarded" (diverging from sources) and "advanced" (converging on sources). Thus, there arises the question of what is needed to guide the interpretation of the mathematics of electromagnetism. To Frisch the most plausible response takes the form of a time-asymmetric "causal constraint" -- the one most likely picked up in basic courses on electromagnetism -- viz. a "retardation condition, according to which the field association with a charged particle is a diverging wave" (p. 20). This section of the book includes a valuable historical consideration of Einstein's discussion of the asymmetry as well as Wheeler and Feynman's absorber theory of radiation. The contemporary interlocutors in the background here include Huw Price and H. D. Zed. Frisch's reading of the long discussions exploring alternative accounts to this problem is that they arose with a fixation on the mathematics of the theory without recognizing the need for such conditions as causal constraints (p. 163). In terms of his critique of the standard account of theories, he concludes: … standard accounts of theories which strictly identify theories with a set of dynamical laws and a mapping function specifying the theory's ontology are too thin. Contrary to what Russell has famously argued, 'weighty' causal claims seem to play an important role even in fundamental physics. (p. 164) The point here is surely a good one, but, I'd suggest, one that can be expressed as the general need, when interpreting the mathematics of a theory, to attend to a wide range of features of the phenomena for the selection of relevant solutions afforded by the basic equations. With a statement in this form, however, some of the edge of Frisch's position is muted. Related to this contextualizing of Frisch's two themes, I have suggested, there is evident a narrative style where positions are proposed in a particular form in order to allow forceful points to be made against them. Thus, the "mapping function" of the standard account of theories is presented as unable to handle the scientific practice of navigating around inconsistency of the theories and being of a sort where causal considerations are excluded. While the resultant account of the nature of scientific theorizing is a rich and nuanced one, with an appropriate stress on the interpretative frameworks that go with the mathematical structure of the theory, one senses in places a dramatic rhetorical structure that arises from generating an "opposition" of this sort that serves to heighten the significance of the results of the exploration. Another feature of style of the text is the hesitant manner of stating positions, evident in the use of the words such as "seem" and "appear." This is evident in positions that serve as a foil for presenting the arguments such as with the traditional criteria for evaluating scientific theories-- "internal consistency appears to be privileged" (p. 25) and "causal structures simply do not seem to be needed in fundamental physics" (p. 77). Other examples appear in the quotations above. The textual stress on "inconsistency" that dominates the first part of the book has resonances with the rhetorical flair of Nancy Cartwright's analysis of our "dappled world," in addition to exemplifying a sound lesson of her study in such a world that discussions in realms in philosophy of science seldom ask how a theory "serves to model the world." (The Dappled World, 1999, p. 230). The book concludes with a solid critique of the consequences of such a causal interpretation of electromagnetic radiation for David Lewis's counterfactual account of the asymmetry of causation. In addition, between the two main topics of the book -- inconsistency and the arrow of radiation -- a chapter explores how various notions of locality apply to the analysis of electromagnetic phenomena, with again the theme of the importance of causal conditions in the analysis. One of the old and intriguing themes raised in this chapter is the status of the mathematical structures of potentials in classical electromagnetism. As Frisch indicates, two standard reasons are usually given as to why they should be viewed merely as part of the mathematical superstructure of the theory and not be taken to refer directly to physical properties: 1) only their derivatives and not their absolute values map to physical features and 2) there are a variety of gauge fixing conditions that alter the propagation properties of potentials. The very language of referring to the standard E and B terms, which can be calculated from the potentials, as the "field strengths" terms, subtly loads the interpretation that they are the terms more in touch with representing physical phenomena. Inspired by the interpretation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in quantum theory, there is a mode for interpreting potentials physically in terms of gauge- invariant loop integrals over space-time, although these introduce a non-local, nonseparable holonomy factor into the description of classical electromagnetism. My own take on this is that from the perspective of gauge field theory, potentials are woven into the depth structure of electromagnetism. They represent directly the gauge fields within the formalism (as connections on a fiber bundle) and form a necessary part of the dynamical formulation of gauge fields. Also, they are the way quantum theory is fused with field theory and for this cluster of reasons form the key terms in the description of electromagnetism. Moreover, they encode the full information from which physical phenomena can be calculated. These features suggest they can be seen as capturing directly the physical phenomena of electromagnetism and in a richer way than traditionally allowed by a mapping of their mathematical structure to physical phenomena. The standard argument that a quantity represents a physical feature if its numeral value maps directly to a measurable quantity in a one-to-one manner arguably need not be a necessary criterion for ascribing physical reality to terms in the mathematical structure, especially as one traces how this criterion is tied to older classical notions of physical theories. In the spirit of the book -- that the mapping of mathematics to physical phenomena be enriched beyond traditional conceptions -- there is reason to rethink the standard discussions about the physical reality to be ascribed to the potential formalism. It may be that the central lesson of the study resides in this point: mainline theories of physics, in this case classical electrodynamics, when explored with the care and depth of Frisch's study, reveal rich complexities that go with associating the mathematical formalism of the theory with physical phenomena. Strategies governing the selective use of the mathematical relationships of the theory that include attention to causal features and other aspects not embedded directly within the mathematical formalism are all part of the practice of science. This is an excellent lesson, and one that underlines how various traditional and formal reconstructions of how theories function in science, undertaken within philosophy of science contexts, sometimes miss that rich dimension of science.	https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/inconsistency-asymmetry-and-non-locality-a-philosophical-investigation-of-classical-electrodynamics/
Innovation Excellence Awards Each year CANSTAR reviews the financial services market to identify financial products and services that can be described as ‘innovative’ and a first to market. In this report we highlight two outstanding products from the banking sector that show true innovation in their fields. These products deserve due recognition for the creative way in which they benefit customers. Innovation: Inventing and reinventing Kiwis have a proud history of innovating in a wild and isolated land where survival meant, as the saying goes, being able to do anything with “a piece of number eight wire”. New Zealand is responsible for a number of world-changing inventions, from splitting the atom and bungee jumping to the humble electric fence. As this year’s Innovation Excellence Awards show, we’re just as creative with how we tackle our daily finances. How do we define a product as innovative? To be called innovative, a product or service should be a first in the market and even perhaps open up a new market. Then we assess the degree of innovation and the overall impact the product could have on the everyday customer’s life. In terms of degree, we consider whether there are any other similar products available and what makes this product different, whether it is a “first” in New Zealand, and whether it opens up any new markets. We also assess the potential significance of its impact to the market in terms of increasing competition. And, of course, something that′s truly innovative can′t help but have that “wow” factor. In terms of overall impact, we consider the number of people who can benefit from the innovation, the ease and expense of application, and the potential to change people’s lives. There is more detail about our assessment process in the attached methodology.	https://www.canstar.co.nz/reports/innovation-excellence-awards/
Discussion Question 1 Post a detailed description of your experience of working with a nurse leader. Include the following aspects in your description. · Of the leadership theories discussed this week, which one did this nurse leader subscribe to? Why? · How has your experience been with the nurse leader? Provide a description of your interactions with him or her? Discussion Question 2 Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, choose a professional nursing organization and review the organization’s website. Based on your understanding of the organization, answer the following questions: · What was the organization’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic? · Do you think the response was adequate? Why or why not? As you develop your initial post in answering the discussion question be sure to completely answer all aspects of the question and sub-questions. When preparing your initial post incorporate what you have learned from the weekly lecture and assigned readings first and then add outside websites and/or journals to supplement your response. Citations should be included throughout the paragraphs to support your comments and references should be listed at the end. Reply posts should be substantive meaning your comments are supported with citations and references from your readings and/or other resources to demonstrate your understanding of the content. Be sure to check grammar and spelling before posting. Do not cut and paste from websites. Use APA resources when doing citations and references using the rules for punctuation, capitalization, and italics.	https://nursingtermpaper.com/discussion-question-1-post-a-detailed-description-of-your-experience-of-working-with-a-nurse-leader-include-the-following-aspects-in-your-description-%C2%B7-of-the-leadership-theories-discussed-this/
This 8-day webinar provides attendees a unique opportunity to acquire practical and up-to-date engineering knowledge, from the world's leading specialists and researchers, on how to study and design efficient and economical grounding and lightning mitigation systems. Whether you wish to protect a power system, plant or a nearby utility subjected to electromagnetic interference from power system faults, lightning or switching surges, this course will present pertinent principles for utility, industrial and various public installations, during steady state, fault and transient conditions, using realistic models of the environment. Emphasis is placed on the demonstration of scientific concepts, using practical examples drawn from the extensive number of research projects and engineering studies conducted by SES researchers since 1978. Pertinent analytical derivations are included in an extensive Reference Manual made available to all course participants. One of the main goals of this course is to explain and eliminate many misconceptions, ambiguities and incorrect measurements, analysis and design techniques which still abound in the industry and are taught at some courses. Course Outline In Week 1, we cover the three modes of electromagnetic energization. Earth resistivity measurement and interpretation techniques will also be discussed, for uniform and multilayered earth (soils with two and more horizontal and vertical layers). The concept of soil model equivalence and soil layer resolution will be explained based on computer simulations. The analysis and design of simple and complex grounding systems made of arbitrarily oriented three dimensional conductors buried in multilayered soils will be discussed and illustrated with practical examples. The case of a grounding system partially buried in a finite volume (e.g., backfill) of heterogeneous soil will be explored. The scientific concept of earth impedance measurements using the Fall-of-Potential method will be clearly explained based on various realistic soil models. Transmission line, buried cable and buried pipeline parameters (self and mutual impedances) in layered earth will be analyzed and fault current distribution computation techniques will be described. Electrical safety concepts will be introduced, and issues related to body currents, body impedances and foot resistances will be discussed for power frequency and high frequency electric exposure. During Week 2, the focus is on demonstrating how to use SES’s powerful input and output processors such as SESCAD, RowCAD and SESShield-3D. Week 2 also includes conductive and inductive interference effects caused by energized conductors on overhead and buried bare or coated metallic structures and conductors, such as pipelines, fences and communication wires are introduced and investigated in detail. Mitigation methods and equipment are presented and their relative merits are discussed. Interaction between the sources of the interference and the victim lines or circuits will be examined in detail. Finally, electric and magnetic fields generated by energized overhead and buried conductors at low and high frequencies as well as during transient conditions, such as lightning strikes, will be described and typical analysis methods and computation results explained. Course Schedule \| \| Week 1Fundamental Concepts, Power Frequency Analysis, Safety Concepts \| \| May 11 (Tuesday)8:00 am - 11:00 am AEST \| Fundamental Concepts \|\| Soil Resistivity \|\| SES Software \| Packages Structure \| \| May 12 (Wednesday)8:00 am - 11:00 am AEST \| Grounding System Analysis & Design (Part 1 of 2) \| \| \| May 13 (Thursday)8:00 am - 11:00 am AEST \| Grounding System Analysis & Design \| (Part 2 of 2) \| Earth Impedance Concepts, \| Measurement and Interpretation \| \| May 14 (Friday)8:00 am - 11:00 am AEST \| Electrical Safety Concepts and Criteria \|\|Fault Current Distribution in Power System Networks and Line Parameters\| \| \| Week 2HIFREQ Workshop Graphical Input Environment (SESCAD) EMI, High Frequency & Transient Analysis Lightning Shielding & Lightning Workshop \| \| May 18 (Tuesday)8:00 am - 11:00 am AEST \| HIFREQ Workshop \| SES's Integrated Graphical Input Environment and Other Graphical Software Packages & Tools \| \| May 19 (Wednesday)8:00 am - 11:00 am AEST \| Electromagnetic Interference, \| Environmental and Mitigation Techniques \| \| May 20 (Thursday)8:00 am - 11:00 am AEST \| Effects of Frequency & Conductor Characteristics on Grounding System Performance, \| and Comparison of Field & Circuit Models \|Electrical and Magnetic Fields and Transients\| \| \| May 21 (Friday)8:00 am - 11:00 am AEST \|Lightning Shielding\|\|Other Topics\| Course Instructors Dr. Farid P. Dawalibi , Director of R&D and Engineering, co-founded SES in 1978. An internationally recognized expert in grounding and electromagnetic interference, he has authored more than 450 technical papers and research & engineering reports, and has presented over 150 short courses and technical seminars. In 2012, Dr. Dawalibi established the SES Software Certification program, and currently serves as the Managing Instructor for all SES training activities, contributing to and providing oversight for the ongoing development of the curriculum as well as the cadre of instructors who lead the course sessions and workshops. In addition to his ongoing training activities and pioneering research work, Dr. Dawalibi was the project leader of the team that developed the GATL and ECCAPP software packages (EPRI EL2699 and EL5472) and the AUTOGRID software package (CEA 249 D 541). He has served as an expert witness at several challenging court hearings, and is a technical advisor and industry consultant to several leading power, pipeline and railway utilities. He has also made significant contributions to, and authored portions of, ANSI/IEEE Standard 80. Dr. Dawalibi obtained a doctorate in Electrical Engineering from Montreal Polytechnic, an engineering institution affiliated with the University of Montreal. Christian Voyer, PhD, is a Senior R&D Manager who, since joining SES in 2010, has been involved in multiple aspects of the company’s activities including: analytical research projects, third-party technical report reviews, client technical support, software development, and studies related to grounding, safety, and electromagnetic compatibility problems. With his extensive experience, theoretical proficiency, and unwavering commitment to quality instruction, Christian is a valued member of SES’s instructor team, which he joined in 2013, as well as the Manager of SES’s Level 1 Certification program. Christian obtained a doctorate in Experimental Physics in 2011 from McGill University. Luis Valcárcel, PhD, is a Senior R&D Manager who joined SES in 2009, and has since been continuously engaged in software development, analytical research reports, major client projects, and technical support. His considerable practical experience in all aspects of grounding and EMI studies includes field experience with soil resistivity and touch/step voltage measurements. A member of SES’s instructor team since 2013, he leads courses at all certification levels, and is also involved in internal training to ensure that the required high bar of performance is met by all SES technical personnel. Luis obtained a doctorate in Experimental Physics in 2008 from McGill University. Maxime Daigle, PhD, is a Senior R&D Supervisor who has been with SES since 2014. In addition to his training responsibilities, Maxime is regularly engaged in client support and research activities which have contributed to significant improvements to multiple SES applications. He has also been involved in several client projects involving grounding and electromagnetic interference studies. With a solid combination of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, he has been a key member of SES’s instructor team since 2015. Maxime obtained a doctorate in Electrical Engineering in 2011 from Montreal Polytechnic. Moein Nazari, PhD, is an Analytical R&D Supervisor who has been with SES since 2016. Moein has participated in several clients projects related to grounding and AC interference, and provides technical support to SES clients. He possesses a vast expertise in numerical algorithms related to computational electromagnetics, and is the author or co-author of a steady stream of recent publications in IEEE and other reputable journals. A prominent member of SES’s Research & Development team, Moein is a welcome addition to the company’s team of instructors, of which he is the newest member. Moein obtained a doctorate in Computational Electromagnetics in 2016 from McGill University. Course Fee The course fee is 3,650 CAD. For residents of Canada, applicable sales tax applies. The fee includes an extensive Reference Manual entitled "Power System Interaction with Earth and Industrial Utility Installations", annotated copies of course display materials, and several copies of pertinent technical papers published by the instructors. Education Credit Participants will be issued a certificate of completion and awarded the equivalent of 3.0 CEU (Continuing Education Unit) or 30 PDH (Professional Development Hours). The CEU and PDH are recognized units for recording participation in non-credit educational programs. Those who wish to participate in the Level 1 certification and pass the Level 1 certification tests will receive their SES Level 1 certification by mail, and will be eligible for future Level 2 and Level 3 certifications. Cancellation Policy SES reserves the right to cancel or change the date of the webinar at any time. If this occurs, participants will be notified immediately and any fee received will be refunded in full. Participants may cancel their registration by notifying SES in writing prior to the webinar start date. Cancellation requests received more than 2 weeks prior to the webinar start date will be refunded in full. There are no refunds for cancellation requests received less than 2 weeks prior to the webinar start date, or for failure to attend the webinar.	https://ses.ca/en/Training/StandardTrainingCourses
A view of Ipi-ha-ishutef’s coffin when originally sampled in 1938. (Phys.org) —A handful of tree ring samples stored in an old cigar box have shed unexpected light on the ancient world, thanks to research by archaeologist Sturt Manning and collaborators at Cornell, Arizona, Chicago, Oxford and Vienna, forthcoming in the June issue of the Journal of Archaeological Science. The samples were taken from an Egyptian coffin; Manning also examined wood from funeral boats buried near the pyramid of Sesostris III. He used a technique called "dendro radiocarbon wiggle matching," which calibrates radiocarbon isotopes found in the sample tree rings with patterns known from other places in the world that have already identified chronologies, such as the long European oak chronology or the bristle cone pine trees of North America. Because the dating was so precise – plus or minus about 10 years – it helps confirm that the "higher" Egyptian chronology for the time period is correct, a question scholars have hotly debated. But the samples also showed a small, unusual anomaly following the year 2200 B.C. Paleoclimate research has suggested a major short-term arid event about this time. "This radiocarbon anomaly would be explained by a change in growing season, i.e., climate, dating to exactly this arid period of time," says Manning. "We're showing that radiocarbon and these archaeological objects can confirm and in some ways better date a key climate episode." The coffin of Ipi-ha-ishutef showing details of the decorations on the walls. This is the coffin tree ring samples were taken from. Credit: S. Cristanetti, A. Whyte/University of Chicago’s Oriental Institute That climate episode, says Manning, had major political implications. There was just enough change in the climate to upset food resources and other infrastructure, which is likely what led to the collapse of the Akkadian Empire and affected the Old Kingdom of Egypt and a number of other civilizations, he says. "The tree rings show the kind of rapid climate change that we and policymakers fear," says Manning. "This record shows that climate change doesn't have to be as catastrophic as an Ice Age to wreak havoc. We're in exactly the same situation as the Akkadians: If something suddenly undid the standard food production model in large areas of the U.S. it would be a disaster." Explore further Radiocarbon dating pinpoints chronology of Egyptian kings
Evidence suggests that a large proportion of melanoma patients who are being treated with systemic therapy would have been excluded from the supporting registrational phase III trials. As a result, efficacy and survival outcomes are unknown in these patients. Real-world evidence shows that although these patients generally have worse survival outcomes than patients originally included in those trials, outcomes have improved in recent years as more systemic therapies become available. A significant proportion of advanced melanoma patients are not represented in the pivotal phase III trials of the systemic therapy that they are prescribed.1 This includes patients with an ECOG score ≥ 2, and patients with auto-immune diseases and immunosuppression, amongst other exclusion criteria. As such, these patients are actually being treated without firm clinical evidence. Recently, a study enrolled 3,009 unresectable stage IIIc-IV melanoma patients from the Dutch Melanoma Treatment Registry, which was established in 2012 to gather patient outcome data for patients with melanoma. This real world data study aimed to determine the outcomes of patients who were not eligible for the original immunotherapy clinical trials, to identify prognostic factors for survival, predict the survival of prognostic subgroups and to produce a decision tree that incorporated prognostic factors to guide clinical decision-making. Of the 3,009 patients, 44% (N= 1,331) were considered ineligible for previous phase III immunotherapy trials, despite 75% (N= 1,004) being treated with systemic therapy. Similarly, 56% (N= 1,678) were considered eligible, with 91% (N= 1,532) of these patients being treated with systemic therapy. Some baseline characteristics were significantly more common in ineligible patients compared to eligible patients, including elevated LDH levels (p< 0.001), liver metastases (p= 0.001) and metastasis in ≥ 3 organ sites (p< 0.001). BRAF mutations were also more common in ineligible patients (67% vs. 54%). Furthermore, treatment heterogeneity was evident in ineligible patients based on BRAF status. Whilst 50.8% of patients with BRAF wild-type received anti-PD-1 therapy, the most common treatment for patients who were BRAF-mutant was BRAF plus MEK inhibitors (36.7%). Eligible patients had better survival outcomes than ineligible patients, with a median overall survival (OS) of 23 months vs. 8.8 months. Similarly, the 36-month OS probability was 41% vs. 22%, respectively. However, ineligible patients did appear to have better survival outcomes as more systemic treatments have become available in recent years. Ineligible patients treated in 2013 had a median OS of 5.7 months, with a 36-month OS probability of 7.5%. Conversely, ineligible patients treated between 2014 and 2017 had a median OS of 8.8 months and a 36-month OS probability of 22%. Combining prognostic indicators (LDH level, presence of brain metastasis and ECOG PS), the study was able to identify prognostic subgroups in ineligible patients. Patients with an ECOG PS of 0-1, absent brain metastasis and normal LDH levels had the highest 3-year survival probability, at 44.5%. Meanwhile, the group with the lowest OS probability, of just 0.3% at 3 years, were patients who had an ECOG PS ≥2, symptomatic brain metastasis and an elevated LDH level. Incorporating the patient’s age, gender, ECOG PS, LDH level, distant metastasis, brain and liver metastasis and BRAF mutational status, a conditional survival tree was produced to guide decision making that provided a Kaplan-Meier curve for overall survival, specific to the patient characteristics.2 A large proportion of patients with unresectable stage III-IV melanoma treated in a real-world setting would not have been eligible for pivotal trials. Three-year survival rates in these ineligible patients were lower compared to eligible patients (22%). Interestingly, the survival rates for these ineligible patients increased with a growing number of available therapies. Prognostic models based on LDH, ECOG, brain metastases, number of metastatic sites and age could support clinical decision-making.	https://www.bjmo.be/real-world-outcomes-of-melanoma-patients-excluded-from-phase-iii-clinical-trials/
Just ecosystem management: Linking ecosystem services with poverty alleviation The ecosystem services approach emphasises the many ways nature sustains and enriches people's lives. Valuation of ecosystem services can contribute to ecosystem conservation and human wellbeing. For these efforts to result in poverty alleviation, however, scientists must tackle the relationship between ecosystem services and wellbeing with reference to environmental justice. Ecosystem services tend to benefit some stakeholders more than others. Decision making in ecosystem management is likely to involve some more than others. Can those winner and losers be identified and their responses anticipated? Can the involved social tradeoffs be mapped, just as ecological tradeoffs between competing environmental services, to support ecosystem conservation and poverty alleviation? Recognition of ecological and social tradeoffs is a crucial precondition for just ecosystem management, i.e. ecosystem management that distributes ecosystem services fairly and includes all stakeholders in decision making. This project served the overarching goal to promote just ecosystem management as a new and innovative concept. The project contributed to the overarching goal by developing a novel conceptual framework to guide research and practice. Its specific objectives were to - incorporate attention to multiple stakeholders and socio-ecological tradeoffs into the ecosystem services approach, - analyse the justice dimensions of critical changes in ecosystem services in the management of water, health, forests, biodiversity and coastal ecosystems, - illustrate key justice dimensions in the management of selected coastal and terrestrial ecosystems in China, India and Central Africa. The project intended to influence future research conducted in multiple academic fields on the feedbacks between ecosystem services and human wellbeing. The conceptual framework showed researchers how to approach long-established topics in their respective fields from new, interdisciplinary perspectives and point out concrete opportunities for linking up with research conducted in other fields. - Conservation biologists recognised new ways to integrate social tradeoffs into their analyses by looking at the distribution of ecosystem services among stakeholders, and by attending to the participation of different stakeholders in decisions over ecosystems. - Political economists benefited from the system-based understanding of 'nature' and the attention to ecological tradeoffs. - Ecological economists gained important insights for the development of new valuation methods which respond to underlying social inequalities and capture ecological tradeoffs. In this way, the project made a critical contribution to the development of new interdisciplinary understanding of the relationships between ecosystems and human wellbeing that acknowledged the significance of ecological, social and socio-ecological tradeoffs equally. Just ecosystem management directly benefitted poor and socially excluded people who were dependent upon ecosystem services living in developing countries. Equitable distribution strengthened the contributions of ecosystem services to poverty alleviation, with particular benefits accruing to people dependent on these services. Inclusive decision making in ecosystem management allowed participation by stakeholders typically excluded due to differences in wealth, race, gender, etc. Just ecosystem management facilitated stakeholders to recognise, deliberate and respond to ecological, social and socio-ecological tradeoffs together. The project promoted just ecosystem management by engaging UK and international policy-making organisations, policy-making organisations in China, India and Central Africa and organisations implementing conservation and development projects in the three sites of Yunnan, Orissa and the Albertine Rift. Further information: - Research brief: Towards Just Watershed Management in China - Research brief: Using Social Justice To Address Gaps in River Basin Management - Research brief: Health environment and the ecosystem services framework - a justice critique - Impact Story: Doing Justice to Poverty and Ecology - Book: The Justices and Injustices of Ecosystem Services - Project video: 'Why does justice matter for ecosystem management' - PI Lecture: Professor Thomas Sikor on the Justices and Injustices of REDD+ Professor Sikor led further research on just ecosystem management in NE/L001411/1.	http://www.espa.ac.uk/projects/ne-i003282-1
Hydrothermal vent communities on the deep sea have an abundance of “unusual” life forms (unlike anything in coastal environments). Life around deep-sea vents are supported by chemosynthesis (primary production not supported by photosynthesis). Microscopic organisms (base of local food chain) thrive on hydrogen sulfide from vents. Microbes manufacture sugar, carbon dioxide, and dissolved oxygen. Hydrothermal vent species (secondary consumers and decomposers) include: • Giant tubeworms • Giant clams • Giant mussels • Crabs. Hydrothermal vents may active for years or decades. Animals species are similar at widely separated vents. Larvae from vent communities drift from site to site.	https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Oceanography/Oceanography_101_(Miracosta)/15%3A_Marine_Communities_(Invertebrates)/15.17%3A_Hydrothermal_Vents
Overview: A crisis in healthcare can cause damaging reactions, leaving affected audiences seeking information immediately. In this milestone, you will prepare a corporate press release in response to a healthcare crisis. Prompt: For this scenario, you will select a hospital or healthcare entity and outline the organizationâ€™s strategic efforts in the wake of a healthcare crisis. The press release will be issued by you in your role as the organizationâ€™s Public Information Officer and official spokesperson and contact. The press release will follow standard practices and be formatted for ease of digital transmission. In your release, you will provide a press release update in response to media inquiries regarding one of the following situations: 1. A recently admitted patient has been diagnosed with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), a respiratory infection caused by coronavirus and related to severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS virus. A hospital employee has since fallen ill. The public and hospital patients are concerned about their safety and the spread of this illness. 2. The hospitalâ€™s patient database has been hacked and confidential doctor-patient information has been compromised. The discovery was made two hours ago, and the hospital is working diligently to assess the situation and comprehend the depth of the breach regarding personal identification and patient credit card information. Information was leaked to the press by an anonymous hospital source. Therefore, media teams are requesting confirmation or denial of the situation, as well as a status update. In support of your selection, you will offer the facts, a status update, and the necessary steps that are currently underway to address the situation. You will include a quote from the Senior Vice President/Chief Clinical Officer, the hospitalâ€™s top ranking official. The release will be shared with media teams, posted to the hospitalâ€™s website, and shared via social media platforms to offer transparency. As you create your press release, be sure to consider the following guiding questions: - Which strategic communication solution(s) will you use to address all of the critical issues of the selected situation? - How will you address the claims made by the hospital in your communication response of the selected scenario? - Does your press release format include all the necessary components within industry standards? - How does the articulation of your response meet the ability to distribute your communication via multiple media platforms? Guidelines for Submission: The paper must address the practice of contemporary communication and proper mass media format, be double-spaced with 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and must be cited in APA format. Press release format must align with industry standards and include components of a modern-day press release. - Quote by high ranking official should be included in the press release. - Press release format succinctly aligns with industry standards. - Clearly analyzes the communication framework for delivery of ethical, targeted messaging solutions.	https://eliteacademicresearch.com/corporate-press-release-in-response-to-a-healthcare-crisis/
design of slabs, flexible pile caps and footings. FRP reinforced-concrete slabs: a comparative design study. 5. FRP reinforced-concrete slabs: a comparative design study DOI: 10.1680/jstbu.16.00055 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Stuart, V., & Cunningham, L. (2017). Reinforced Concrete Slabs. A finite element model may be created to analyse a complicated loading arrangement. Reinforced Concrete Design Asst.Prof.Dr.Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET S U R A N A R E E UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Moment Strength of Concrete Sections d b As ก ... FLANGE SLAB WEB bw bE bE h s = span s0 = clear span Built-in T Section - below. BS EN 1992–1–1 section 5. Reinforced concrete may be the most important material available for construction. For One Way Slab 1. A civil engineer must know all the aspects regarding the flat floor system. “How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2”, The Concrete Centre, 2010) - Figure 2: Simplified detailing rules for slabs 15.0 PRESTRESSED MEMBERS AND STRUCTURES 22 This structural design process has been carried out under use of BS8110 design code of practice. Section 9.3: MS EN 1992-1-1: 2010) 14.0 SIMPLIFIED CURTAILMENT RULES FOR SLAB 21 (Ref. For slabs spanning in both directions published tables and charts should be used to find bending moment and shear per unit width of slab. Design for full load in both directions. I have a two storey building, and my second floor and roof loads are transmitted to column footings below my slab on grade. One-way Slabs; Two-way Slabs; Staircases. a slab system consisting of approximately rectangular panels with the ratio of longer-to-shorter span within a panel not exceeding 2.0, per American (ACI 318) and Canadian (CSA A23.3) concrete codes. Working Stress Design is called Alternate Design Method by NSCP (National Structural Code of the Philippines) and ACI (American Concrete Institute, ACI).. Code Reference NSCP 2010, Section 424: Alternate Design Method ACI 318M-99, Appendix A: Alternate Design Method Notation f c = allowable compressive stress of concrete f s = allowable tesnile stress of steel reinforcement 1. A similar approach was also used by Kemp6 to determine the yield criterion for an orthogonally reinforced slab. 3. ACI 360R-10 “Guide to the Design of Slabs-on-Ground” 2. Ultimate limit state design theory. 13.0 CRACKING RULES FOR SLAB 21 (Ref. In this webinar, we will brief on the engineering reasons behind choosing a deck of such type, the characteristics of the deck, Wood-Armer Moment, design optimization, etc. ACI 360, "Design of Slabs-on-Grade", refers to this as a Type B slab. With the combined experience of Slabtech management, we offer a one-stop solution in a project life cycle to our clients. Types of flanged beam. The CONCRETE CALCULATOR™ is a simple and powerful tool which allows to analyze and design reinforced concrete beams, slabs and columns cross sections. Design Concrete Slab on Grade Design Concrete Slab on Grade pperr043 (Civil/Environmental) (OP) 6 Nov 06 21:44. It is used in one form or another for almost all structures, great or small—buildings, bridges, pavements, dams, retaining walls, tunnels, drainage and irrigation facilities, tanks, and so on. Bending will take place in the two directions in a dish-like form. Design Of Reinforced Concrete Structures ii Two-Way Slabs 1 1. Inroduction When the ratio (L/S) is less than 2.0, slab is called two-way slab, as shown in the fig. This includes Engineer … This section contains information on how to design reinforced concrete elements of a structure. Manual for Design and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete to September 2013 the Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2013 Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Some highlighted aspects in Basis of Design 3.0 Beams 4.0 Slabs 5.0 Columns 6.0 Beam-Column Joints 7.0 Walls 8.0 Corbels 9.0 Cantilevers 10.0 Transfer Structures 11.0 Footings Working Stress Design. Lecture series on Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures by Prof. N.Dhang, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. 4. In March 2020, we hosted a webinar, “Case Study : Reinforced Concrete Solid Slab Bridge" by Mak Guo Shao, Bridge Engineer. 6 Version 2.3 May 2008 comparatively larger than the “elastic” one prior to failure. Proceedings of The ultimate stress method is the one most commonly used. Advantages of Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Material. Analysis and design for singly and doubly reinforced rectangular concrete beam. reinforced concrete slab under mo load cases design, extended to multiple layers of skew reinforcement and modified to calculate the factor of safety on an applied field moments. Analysis and design of a single concrete sections or multiple sections. Design reinforced concrete flat slabs for punching shear at internal, edge and corner columns by specifying the distance from the support to the slab edge; the program automatically determines the shear perimeters. There are two acceptable methods to design concrete: the working stress method and the ultimate strength method. I need help to design a slab on grade. Figure 2.2 – Simplified stress block for ultimate reinforced concrete design . SAFE Reinforced Concrete Design 11.5.2 Design Beam Shear Reinforcement 11-14 11.5.3 Design Beam Torsion Reinforcement 11-17 11.6 Slab Design 11-21 11.6.1 Design for Flexure 11-22 11.6.2 Check for Punching Shear 11-23 11.6.3 Design Punching Shear Reinforcement 11-25 12 Design … Analysis & Design of Two-way Slabs Equivalent Frame Method spSlab utilizes the Equivalent Frame Method for the analysis and design of two-way slab systems, i.e. The ultimate force is the sum of the stress × areas of the steel and concrete: cu0.67 y uz c sc mm f f NAA γγ ⎛⎞⎛⎞ =+⎜⎟⎜⎟ ⎝⎠⎝⎠ For concrete … 1. result is a lightly reinforced slab designed to offset the effects of temperature and shrinkage of the concrete. This course will limit discussion to normal reinforced structural concrete using 4,000 psi concrete and 60,000 psi rebar. Design flexural reinforcement for column strips and middle strips both ways. Analysis and design for singly and doubly reinforced flanged beam Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs 107 B = 1.2x 1 where x = distance of load-from support closest to load I = effective span. Here, we have tried to gather various reading materials available in the web about flat slab floor system in one place. Civil Engineering Design (1) 10 Dr. C. Caprani 2. A reinforced concrete slab is a broad, flat plate, usually horizontal, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or nearly so. Flanged beam. ACI 506.1R, “Guide to Fiber-Reinforced Shotcrete” 3. You can also enter the amount of longitudinal reinforcement (that affects the shear capacity) in the two main directions. DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB (c) Ribbed slab (d) Waffle slab Figure 3.1: Types of slab Flat slab floor is a reinforced concrete slab supported directly by concrete columns without the use of intermediary beams. REINFORCED FLAT SLAB DESIGN EXCEL SHEET. How to Design Concrete Structures to Eurocode 2 - Chapter 2: Getting started and Table 3. How to Design Concrete Structures to Eurocode 2 - Chapter 7: Flat slabs and Figure 1. The Robot offers two possibilities for a design of RC structure members: calculation of the required (theoretical) reinforcement area needed for the RC member generation of the provided (real) reinforcement for the RC member 2. Types and Design of Staircases; Compression Members. Effective width of flanged beam. ACI 544.3R-08 “Guide for Specifying, Proportioning, and Production of Fiber Reinforced Concrete” 4. 5. Short Braced Axially Loaded Columns 2.1 Development The design of such columns is straightforward. ACI 544.4R-18 “Design Guide for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete” 5. Especially, computations have been made by use of BS 8110 based spreadsheets; publication produced by the Reinforced Concrete Council (RCC) as part of its project 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to … Flat slab system is an important division of concrete floor system. Member Name: Since this is the input for the the exterior portion of the slab use “Exterior Slab” for the name. Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-320 Reinforced Concrete Design-I Introduction In reinforced concrete construction, slabs are used to provide flat, useful surfaces. SIMPLE SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2 VERSION 6.2 Fill out the fields as appropriate based on the information in the plans. The Wire Reinforcing Institute recommends the use of the Subgrade Drag Theory for slabs up to 150 feet in length. However, Calculate Aspect Ratio Aspect Ratio > 2 = Longer span/Shorter span 2. By the end of this course you will be able to do a full Reinforced concrete slab design and analysis with RAPT similar to what a professional engineer does. Design Spreadsheets. Accordingly, main reinforcement is required in the two directions. The simplest routine structural element for illustration of design provisions in the Code is the one-way slab. In the next chapter, after reviewing the fundamental concepts of Two-way reinforced concrete slab design, I will make a new Rapt model for a step by step design and analysis of a two-way slab. Reinforced Concrete Slab Design Using the Empirical Method BridgeSight Solutions™ for the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications BridgeSight Software TM Creators of effective and reliable solutions for the world’s bridge engineers 2688 Venado Way Rescue, CA 95672 Phone: 530-672-1569 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.BridgeSight.com Definitions, Classifications, Guidelines and Assumptions; Short Axially Loaded Compression Members; Short Compression Members under Axial Load with Uniaxial Bending; Preparation of Design Charts At Slabtech we specialise in Reinforced Concrete Slabs, Raft Foundations, Civil Construction and Structural Design. reinforced concrete slab design Grilled Mango With Tajin , Canon Xa50 Lenses , Group Of Squirrels , Babolat Pure Drive Wimbledon 2017 , L'oreal Extraordinary Oil In Cream Review , Factors Affecting Retention Of Complete Denture , Omron Scale Chart ,	https://www.pavenafoundation.or.th/sugdvk4b/s1n6aa6.php?page=reinforced-concrete-slab-design-b6d3f3
Deterioration of existing bridges has become a severe problem and seriously affect the serviceability and durability of railway system in many countries. A preventive maintenance strengthening method using rubber-latex mortar, Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) plates, lightweight rapid hardening concrete, and reinforcement was introduced this study, which can be used to strengthen the both steel bridge superstructures and bridge piers. In order to confirm the real effects of the present strengthening method, field loading test on a short-span railway bridge and laboratory tests on a steel column were performed. The results on both original and strengthened specimens were summarized and compared. For the railway bridge superstructure, theoretical results were also provided to confirm the strengthening effects. For the steel piers, however, numerical models were built to provide the load carrying capacity of the original pier. The load-displacement curve and load-strain response at key sections were measured in the loading tests and reported in this paper. According to the results, the present renovation method could greatly enhance the rigidity of old steel railway bridge superstructures and the load carrying capacity of existing piers, resulting in the extension of the residual service life of short-span railway bridge superstructures and improvement of seismic behavior of steel piers.	https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/preventive-maintenance-on-superstructure-and-pier-of-aged-short-s
One chair should take their pride of place at the head of the All Hallows Day feast – Philippe Starck’s iconic Ghost chair. Arne Jacobsen – Legendary Danish Designer & Architect The legendary Danish designer and architect Arne Jacobsen is famous for some truly inspiring design classics. He is seen as one of the pioneers of “modern functionalism” and for developing the “Danish Modern style” (part of the mid-20th century Danish design movement) along with other pioneers like Finn Juhl.	http://www.sabistyle.com.au/blog/?cat=154
“Singapore’s asset-building approach emphasises individual work ethic and personal responsibility supported by government policies and resources”, said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong last Friday. Citing examples of Housing Development Board (HDB) flats and the Central Provident Fund (CPF) as tangible assets that contributed to Singapore’s success, Mr Lee shared that Singaporeans’ support for these policies also constituted intangible assets that underpin Singapore’s society and unity by holding us together as one people. Mr Lee made these comments at the book launch of Critical Issues in Asset Building in Singapore’s Development, co-edited by Dr S. Vasoo, Former Member of Parliament (1984 – 2001) and Associate Professorial Fellow at the Department of Social Work, and Associate Professor Bilveer Singh from the Department of Political Science, NUS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Among the policies discussed in the book are multiculturalism, accessible housing, social mobility for low-income families, water resource management, and national conscription. In his speech, PM Lee further elaborated on the Government’s motivations behind selling Housing Development Board (HDB) flats to Singaporeans on 99-year leases, in place of alternatives such as instituting controlled rents, providing rental flats, or simply leaving housing to the private market. In addition to ensuring that housing remains affordable for Singaporeans, Mr Lee shares, the sale of HDB flats inculcates in its owners with a sense of responsibility and interest in the long-term value of the property, and, correspondingly, “the society and system on which the value of his home depends”. Another key initiative is the Central Provident Fund (CPF). While originally designed to help Singaporeans save for retirement, its purpose has expanded over time to include savings for housing, medical, and education needs as well, all of which helps Singaporeans build up their assets. Acknowledging alternative and divergent voices, Mr Lee emphasised that constructive debate should be encouraged, as it will “help us understand issues better, come up with better solutions, see things in a fresh perspective, and move debate, policy, and outcomes forward”. Both authors also gave opening remarks at the Book Launch that echoed PM Lee’s emphasis on people being Singapore’s key asset. Calling the book the brainchild of Dr S. Vasoo, A/P Singh maintains that Singapore is not special because of its financial assets. After all, “this is something that oil or gold rich states can easily do.” Rather, A/P Singh shares, Singapore’s success is owed to the social and political stability that has prevailed since independence, a stability that is built on its exceptional people, forward-looking, optimistic, and armed with a strong survivalist orientation; and its people-centric leadership that pioneered asset-building initiatives. A/P Singh’s sentiments were shared by Dr Vasoo, who remarked that Singaporeans need to continue to work on and strengthen the foundation laid by pioneers. If we do not work in close unison, Dr Vasoo cautions, “our asset building efforts will be slowly eroded and Singapore will not be an attractive place to live and work”. “With good governance, social stability and better people, Singapore will be able to further enhance its asset building capacities and encourage the succeeding younger generation of Singaporeans to design new socio-economic and political scaffolds that make our society sustainable,” Dr Vasoo adds.	http://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/latest-news/pmlee-book-launch.html
Dear Parent: P.H. Miller Elementary and the parents of the students participating in activities, services, and programs funded by Title I, Part A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) agree that this compact outlines how the parents, the entire school staff, and the students will share the responsibility for improved student academic achievement and the means by which the school and parents will build and develop a partnership that will help children achieve the State’s high standards. This school-parent compact is in effect during the 2018-19 school year. Plano families are proud to send their children to schools that provide safe and equitable learning environments and where every student achieves success fostered by a culture of excellence and supported by strong partnerships between home, school, and community. The following are the commitments that P.H. Miller Elementary School will abide by: - P.H. Miller will provide high-quality curriculum and instruction in a supportive and effective learning environment that enables the participating children to meet the State’s student academic achievement standards as follows: - Curriculum is aligned to Common Core State Standards, Next Generation Science Standards, and C3 (College, Career, and Civic Life) Framework for Social Studies. Students receive instruction in the following time allocations: - English/Language Arts—90 minutes/day - Math—60 minutes/day - Writing—30 minutes/day - Social Emotional Learning—30 minutes/day - Science/STEM—60 minutes/week - PE, Music, and Art—Each 60 minutes/week - P.H. Miller will provide a welcoming environment for all students and families as follows: - Standards of welcoming behavior apply to all staff, including teachers, social workers, front office staff, custodians, instructional aides, cafeteria workers, health care staff. - Visitors and callers are greeted politely, as quickly as possible and can get information easily. - Staff will escort parents, when necessary, to locations around the school building. - Administrators, social workers and nurses provide guidance and information, when needed. - P.H. Miller will hold parent-teacher conferences (at least annually in elementary schools) during which this compact will be discussed as it relates to the individual child’s achievement. Specifically, those conferences will be held in the fall and spring of each school year. - P.H. Miller will provide parents with frequent reports on their children’s progress. Specifically, the school will provide reports as follows: - Friday, September 7th P1 Learner Characteristics Report - Friday, October 5th P2 Fall MAP & PARCC Results - Friday, December 7th P3 Student Work Samples - Friday, January 25th P4 Winter MAP Results - Friday, March 22nd P5 Student Work Samples - Friday, April 26th P6 PE/Explore work samples Progress reports will be sent home with students on the dates listed above. Teachers will contact parents between formal progress updates if/when there is a concern about academic growth/performance. Parents are encouraged to contact the individual child’s teacher between formal progress reporting dates if they would like additional information about their child’s progress. End of trimester report cards will include information regarding whether or not students are beginning, developing, or secure in meeting each of the listed standards on the trimester standards based report card. Report cards are sent home one week after the end of each trimester; see below for end of trimester dates for 2018-2019: - Trimester 1—11/9/18 - Trimester 2—2/22/19 - Trimester 3—5/23/19 P.H. Miller will provide parents reasonable access to staff. Specifically, staff will be available for consultation with parents as follows: - The school welcomes new families, offers tours of the school building, and brief orientation of the school. - Teachers and families can meet during Open House, Teacher Conferences and various school functions. - Teachers, social workers and administrators make personal contact with families when appropriate and necessary. - Family Events - Children’s Performances - Parent Workshops - School will communicate celebrations and successes as well as behavior and academic concerns in a timely manner. - Faculty and administration typically respond to parent phone calls and/or e-mails within 24 hours. - The Main Office is open between 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. daily. Phone calls made outside these hours will be answered and the caller can leave a message, if desired. Recorded messages are sent directly to the intended party. If you call and leave a message but your call is not returned within 24 hours, please contact the intended party again since there are times when recordings are lost or misdirected. - P.H. Miller will provide parents opportunities to volunteer and participate in their child’s education through the following activities: - Parent Workshops - Family Events - Parent and Teachers working Together (PATT) activities - Classroom volunteers - Fine Arts Events - Special assemblies such as Character Counts Breakfast, Grandparents/Special Person Day Parent – Guardian Responsibilities The P.H. Miller team encourages our families to support your student’s learning in the following ways: - Parents/Guardians will keep contact information current with the school so that the school is able to communicate with parents by phone, mail or e-mail. - Parents/Guardians will ensure students’ attendance, everyday and on time. - Parents/Guardians will send students to school ready to learn, e.g. enough sleep, proper diet, appropriately dressed and well groomed. - Parents/Guardians will check take home folders nightly, make certain homework is completed; charts, and logs are signed, students have supplies, i.e. gym shoes, art supplies. - Parents/Guardians will schedule a regular time to read at home for at least 20 minutes a night. - Parents/Guardians will limit exposure time at home to TV, video games, and Internet; ensure age appropriateness. - Parents/Guardians will attend parent/teacher conferences. - Parents/Guardians will volunteer to participate in school functions, field trips, and/or in classrooms. - Parents/Guardians will participate in decisions relating to their children’s education. - Parents/Guardians will encourage students to participate in extended day activities (i.e., after school programs, scouts, sports, etc.). - Parents/Guardians will attend parent workshops provided by the school. - Parents/Guardians will support the schools’ plan to encourage positive behavior through Character Counts, Second Step Social Emotional Learning Curriculum Family Activities, etc. - Parents/Guardians will attend school events, e.g. reading nights, math nights, concerts, art shows, etc. Parents/Guardians will stay informed about their child’s education and communicate with the school by promptly reading all notices from the school or the school district either received by their child or by mail and responding, as appropriate. Parents/Guardians are encouraged to serve in a leadership or advocacy role, to the extent possible, such as being the Title I, Part A parent representative on the school’s School Improvement Team, the Title I Policy Advisory Committee, the District-wide Policy Advisory Council, the State’s Committee of Practitioners, the Parent Advisory Committee, PATT Executive Board, or other school advisory or policy groups. Student Responsibilities Students are expected to take ownership of their learning and share in the responsibility to improve their academic achievement in the following ways: Describe the ways in which students will support their academic achievement, such as: - Students will complete schoolwork during the school day. - Students will complete homework, as assigned, and ask for help when needed. - Students will read at least 20 minutes every day outside of school time. - Students will give their parent(s)/guardian or the adult who is responsible for their welfare all notices and information received from the teacher/school every day. Sincerely, Laurel Mateyka,	https://www.plano88.org/o/plano-cusd-88/page/ph-miller-school-compact
This course is recognized by the California Board of Behavioral Sciences. - This program is Approved by the the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) (Approval #886463870-5845) for 10 Social Work continuing education contact hours. - This program is approved for 10 continuing education hours by: The California Board of Registered Nursing # CEP 14462 The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) # 886463870 The Florida Board of Clinical Social Work, Marriage and Family Therapy and Mental Health Counseling #50-14000 Texas Board of Examiners of Marriage and Family Therapists # 628 Texas State Board of Examiners of Professional Counselors #1646 The Texas Board of Social Worker Examiners # 5547 The National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) #6412 COURSE OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this course the participant will be able to: INTRODUCTION What is human sexuality? The dictionary defines human sexuality as an area of research and study that focuses on all aspects of humans as sexual beings. Basically, human sexuality involves much more than anatomy and sexual responses, but incorporates how we engage in relationships and behaviors that determine our desires and sexual identity as well as our overall sexual health, well-being, and our perceptions and expressions. [QN.No.#1.Human Sexuality is about more than just physical sexual responses.] Understanding and experiencing sexual issues, behaviors, and how they are involved in our daily lives and environments determine how we react to certain situations, other people, and most importantly, relationships. Human sexuality has as much to do with emotional reactions as values, morals, and responsibilities. No course on human sexuality would be complete without exploring myths and misconceptions regarding the subject. Understanding human sexuality also means understanding, developing tolerance for, and respecting others, regardless of their sexual diversity, or what we consider to be normal or abnormal behaviors. Everyone Listens When "Sex" Is Mentioned Sex is not merely a physical act between two people, but incorporates many meanings including; the act itself, the process of reproduction, lovemaking, as well as defining every individual's concept of sexual identity and gender. Sex also determines whether an individual is male or female. Most people think of sex as being a defining factor into who we are. To many, we are male or female, masculine or feminine. To others, it's not so simple and biological sex has many sides, aspects, and dimensions. We have already briefly touched on issues regarding the development of sexual identity and gender. Actually, many of you may already think you know all there is to know about sex, relationships, and gender identity issues, but many don't realize the enormous and forceful impact that ideas of sex, gender identity, attitudes, and religious beliefs have on relationships as well as concepts of personal identity and yes, even our psychological and physical health. Studying Human Sexuality Understanding and studying human sexuality goes way beyond the physical aspect of sex. The study of human sexuality includes understanding and enriching our emotional expectations as well as enhancing self-knowledge, identity, and developing values and morals. Regardless of a persons upbringing, culture, heritage, or faith, human sexuality plays an important role in their life from childhood to old age. [QN.No.#2.Regardless of your upbringing, culture, heritage, or fate, human sexuality plays an important role in our lives.True/False:] Because sex is an emotional as well as physical act, a study of human sexuality will often create unexpected reactions from students. Some topics will make students uncomfortable, while others may be amused, confused, or offended. That is not the intent of this course; on the contrary, it is important for individuals to focus on their own feelings and rely on their own upbringing, cultural beliefs, and faith when it comes to incorporating human sexuality basics into everyday life experiences. One of the most important aspects of any course on human sexuality is to encourage students to make responsible choices. While our sexual values and morals contribute to making responsible sexual choices throughout our lifetime, individuals need to learn about the dangers and risks they might encounter as well as the pleasures involved in human sexuality. Do you know the difference between HIV and AIDS? Do you know how to protect yourself, or your partner from HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases? If you are a woman, do you know how to protect yourself against pregnancy? Do you know how to protect yourself from abuse, sexual violence, and/or peer pressure? Whether you're a man or a woman, you certainly have expectations of relationships and dating. How do you communicate your needs, desires, or expectations to your girlfriend/boyfriend, your spouse, or anyone else involved in your life? It is easy to make snap decisions in the blink of an eye, but some decisions made without planning can have long lasting consequences. Information is power. Knowledge, planning, good judgment, as well as accepting and recognizing consequences for poor decisions can literally affect the rest of your life. Human sexuality courses are designed to inform, and provoke thought and reflection. Students who understand the risks of contracting AIDS, HIV, or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are less likely to become the victims of such diseases. Students who understand and have information regarding birth control and contraception are better able to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Students who understand basic human behaviors, relationships, and sexual dysfunctions, sexual attitudes and behaviors may be able to protect themselves against abuse, date rape, and domestic violence. Understanding Human Sexuality Human sexuality goes way beyond sexual relationships, acts, and behaviors. In order to understand human sexuality, it is essential to understand basic anatomy and physiology. These concepts will be explored in this course, as will the life cycles of sexuality, our concepts of self, how relationships are formed, as well as the difference between general male and female expectations when it comes to relationships and sexual relations. [QN.No.#3.In order to understand human sexuality, it is essential to understand _____ & ______] The concept of sexuality in power, sexual dysfunctions, and attitudes and behaviors regarding sex will also be fully explored. Because sexual relationships and human sexuality involve more than a physical act, students will also learn about and understand psychosocial relationships, behaviors, and interactions. Unfortunately, many people think they know a lot about sex, especially as young people; however, they are often misinformed about a great many aspects of sex. Where or whom did they get their information? Television? Magazines, books or movies? Their friends? The Internet? Pornography? Many young people 'learn as they go' from their sexual relationships. If they are lucky they have completed a sex education class in school, but more than likely, much of their information is from observing unscientific behaviors of their friends or family. Personal experience doesn't make one an expert in human sexuality. Neither do talks with parents or friends. Many of us develop our concepts regarding sex from early experiences, which can hardly be used as a basis for lifetime relationships, but unfortunately, they often are. The study of human sexuality is complex and involves various levels of love, intimacy, and normal human sexual responses. Human sexuality means understanding expectations, stereotypes, and different sexual stages of development that are experienced throughout life. It also involves information regarding sexual aggression and violence, sexual orientation, and the problems, therapies, and solutions. Normal or Not? Many people are terrified of being "abnormal". But who defines what is normal and abnormal in relationships, sexual preferences, responses, and problems? Who determines the "normal frequency" of sexual relations between couples? In many cases, the concept of normalcy is determined by where we were raised, our cultural heritage, our faith, and our belief in what comprises a normal relationship. How is normal to be determined? Sexual relationships and human sexuality differ depending on geography. For example, the sexual relationships or habits of a couple from the Bronx may be considered taboo in portions of Africa, South America, or Asia. The practices of a Polynesian couple might seem strange to a couple living in France. Geography and cultural heritage plays a large part in what is considered normal or taboo when it comes to sex or sexual relationships. [QN.No.#4.Sexual relationships and human sexuality differ depending on geography. true/false?] Human sexuality is also determined in great extent to how parents discuss issues of sex and sexuality with their child. For example, did a persons parents use nicknames or anatomically correct names for male and female genitalia? Did they discuss what could be considered appropriate or inappropriate touching? Did they discuss certain aspects of sexuality and sexual behaviors such as puberty, menstruation, masturbation, intercourse, birth control, homosexuality, or sexual abuse with their child? For Americans, the answer is no to most of these. Sexual Health Sexual health also plays an important role in determining what is considered normal or abnormal. Do you engage in healthy sex? What is healthy sex? Sexual research has been going on for decades in order to determine the answers to such questions. Every day we open magazines and watch television to be deluged with visual and audio messages that encourage and intensify attraction, beauty, allure and more. The advent of the electronic age and most especially the Internet will play a great role in how today's generation perceives sex, sexual behavior and sexual health. Sexual health is a part of our overall health, but one that is often neglected because of embarrassment, shame, or attitudes that our sexual preferences, questions, and concerns should not be discussed openly. Sexual health is not only physical, but may be emotional and psychological as well. Psychological and emotional sexual health issues may include but are not limited to controlling relationships, guilt about sex, fear about sex, violence, or how we perceive sex. There are several misconceptions as well as truths involved in understanding human sexuality. Some people believe that anyone who takes a course or who is interested in human sexuality will make more informed choices about behaviors and relationships. Some believe that understanding human sexuality encourages a satisfying sex life or a sense of identity. Many believe that understanding sexuality encourages the rejection of myths or misconceptions and encourages stronger emotional and physical relationships. Regardless of your conceptions regarding human sexuality at the beginning of this course, you are encouraged to think about the topics broached in this course and utilize the information provided in order to make better and more informed choices and responses in the future, not only regarding sexual relationships, but relationships and expectations as a whole. This is not to say that any or every future episode or event in your life can be anticipated ahead of time, but that armed with knowledge, you will be able to separate fact from fiction, make rational and informed decisions and most importantly, learn to accept and understand how you feel about human sexuality. Sexuality through the Ages It is obvious that sexual relationships have been engaged since the beginning of man, though our historical perspective of sexual relationships as well as beliefs and customs regarding human sexuality are based on historical records that date back over 20,000 years. Did you know that Stone Age cave drawings have been shown to include depictions of sexual behavior, pregnancy, and childbirth? A large number of ancient civilizations worshipped females as creators of the world as they knew it. We all understand the concept of "Mother Nature." Many cultures, including Native Americans, Egyptians, Japanese, and Babylonians believed that females created the world in ancient times. Ancient Greek culture is still studied today through their mythology and art. As a patriarchal or male dominated society, the Greeks were known to be relatively tolerant regarding sexual habits and behaviors. Indeed, Greek mythology is filled with male bisexuality. The Greeks are well known for respecting and prizing beauty of both men and women. Prostitutes, from brothels to courtesans, were common and indeed socially acceptable in all social circles in the Greek culture. Ancient Rome is known by many historians to be one of the most decadent in the history of mankind and is sometimes blamed for the fall of the Roman Empire. As in Greece, ancient Roman citizens didn't much differentiate between heterosexual or homosexual relationships. As a matter of fact, large numbers of Roman citizenry were devoted to Bacchus, the god of ecstasy and wine. Many Roman rulers were bisexual and even Caligula is rumored to have engaged in orgies that included sadomasochism and bestiality. As Christianity developed throughout the European continent, intellect, religion, and Western political cultures played a great role and influence over attitudes regarding sexual behavior. From the end of the Roman Empire until about the 16th century, Catholicism was a dominant force in Western Europe. The Church established a moral code and sexual behaviors such as homosexual relationships, adultery, and lust was deemed sinful. Marriage was expected to be monogamous and adultery was severely punished. Adulterers were publicly humiliated and sometimes beaten, possibly stoned and often shunned. Ideas about human sexuality within the Catholic realm, as well as attitudes regarding sex, were more fully developed when Augustine, a fourth century bishop, denounced sexuality as an inherent threat to spiritual growth. However, Augustine was unable to argue against the Bible's justification of sex in marriage and stated that, "it was only through procreation that the evil act became good." At this point in history, in this particular realm, guilt played an immense role in how sexual behavior and relationships were formed during the Middle Ages. Anything other than "normal" sexual practices, meaning "normal intercourse" in the typical “missionary” or man-on-top position was considered abnormal and decadent. In the United States of America, during the early 1800s, sexual health and development became increasingly stifled. While the role of churches in religion and their impact decreased somewhat in family life, society became increasingly prudish. Women were covered from neck to toe. It was considered improper for any part of a woman's body, including her arms, to show in public. It was believed at that time that indulging in sexual relationships was actually detrimental to physical and emotional health. It wasn't until the end of the 19th century that attitudes about the human body and sexual behavior began to change. The 20th Century and Beyond Perhaps due to the growing abilities of travel, communication and understanding of human anatomy and development, attitudes regarding human sexuality went through a transition during the late 1800s and into the early 1900s. The Victorian era still held a severe grasp on many attitudes regarding birth control and sexual behavior outside of marriage, but other aspects starting changing. While prostitution has always been a part of society since the beginning of history, the late 1800s and early 1900s saw a growth in the openness of the practice of prostitution. At this time society started recognizing what would become known as "social diseases." It was during this time that sexually transmitted diseases and infections were first understood by the medical community and treatments were discovered, developed and administered. With the advent of effective treatment for STD's and access to condoms, the 'pill' and other means of contraception, mixed with an increase in secularization and the growing desire of young people to experience sexual freedom, a movement snowballed and culminated in the 1960's in what would be known as the "sexual revolution." In the 1960s, youth around the world experimented with open and free sex among their peers. This is not to say that all members of this generation were involved with such inhibition when it came to sexual activity, but many were and for the first time in American and western history, unashamedly so. Individuals saw and experimented with sex as "sex for fun" rather than sex as an activity that was engaged in primarily for procreation. Many individuals may forever view the 1960s as the "hippie", or "flower power" mentality that changed the world regarding sex. There were other contributing factors to the paradigm shift in the way people viewed sex from the 1960's through the 1980's including greater independence and freedom for women, (especially in the workplace), improved economies, cheaper and readily available methods of transportation throughout the country and the world, and the influence of entertainment, movies, television and books. All of these factors played a role in the development of a changed sexual understanding. In the late 1950s, the popularity of "girlie magazines" entered a boom. This boom didn't end until the mid-1970s. College students rallied for availability of contraceptives and promoted coed dormitories. It was also the time when the old double standard (it's okay for the man but not for the women to engage in sexual activity) tilted more toward equality, which led to a change in sexual standards still present today. [QN.No.#5.The contributing factors to the "sexual revolution" in the 1960's are:] Unfortunately, the sexual revolution of the 60s also brought with it an increase in the number of individuals suffering from sexually transmitted infections and diseases, the most common of which was genital herpes, which reached almost epidemic proportions. Then, in the 1980's, the sudden rise in individuals suffering from HIV and AIDS served as a hault to the 'free love' many partners mentality. People were dying. With research and public education to how HIV was transmitted, it was a wake-up call to many around the world and brought new information and marketing. Society stressed 'safe sex' and the benefits of limited sexual partners. The Study of Human Sexuality How is human sexuality studied? Remember that sexuality is a part of every individual's personality, whether he or she is aware of that fact or not. There are multitudes of factors that encourage and lead humans to engage in sexual activity. The multitude of methods commonly used today to survey and study sexual behavior in humans include but are not limited to: Human sexuality is also studied from a biological perspective and involves the study of hormones such as those produced by the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and hormones produced by the ovaries and testes as well as the adrenal cortex. This field of study also involves research into both male and female hormones such as estrogens, progestin, testosterone, androgens, and so forth. [QN.No.#6.The study of human sexuality from a biological perspective involves:] Organic, neurological, and physical aspects of the human body offer researchers nearly never ending opportunities to research human sexuality behavior and development in a wide range of scenarios. Human sexuality encompasses sociological as well as philosophical and religious aspects of any individuals given environment. Physiological, moral, ethical, cultural, and political aspects determine what type of sexual behavior is acceptable or unacceptable in certain cultures. Researchers are also studying what is called the "learning perspective" which seeks to understand how sexual behaviors may also reflect our experiences. For example, why do some cultures hold some sexual behaviors as acceptable and others as taboo? Why is it that some individuals within a certain culture find nothing wrong with certain sexual acts, while others may consider them abhorrent? Understanding human behavior, growth and development, heritage, culture, and a multitude of other factors when it comes to sexual growth and development is believed to play a large role in shaping the sexual behavior of certain individuals. The study of human sexuality is very complex and involves many different aspects of our daily environment and lives including learning, physiology, and understanding. History, culture, and personality also play a large role in the development of any individual. In addition, religious beliefs, traditions and background also have a huge impact on whether or not certain sexual activities are considered "acceptable" or not in today's society. Conclusion The acceptance or unacceptance of certain types of sexual behavior in different societies also holds the ability to offer greater understanding to socio-cultural aspects of human sexuality and development. In social norms involving politics, mass media also plays a large role in the development of sexual behavior and acceptance in society. The impact of the sexual revolution and growth of feminism in society has also offered today's men and women a new outlook on sexual behavior and expectations in the 21st century. Sexuality is known to occur in life cycles that incorporate much of our growth and development from early childhood until old age. Concepts of "self" also determine many individual concepts and beliefs regarding sexual behavior. Such concepts of self and an understanding of the life cycles of sexuality will be explored more fully in the next lesson.	http://www.speedyceus.com/ceus-courses/material_detail/206/
Your growing social base offers you an opportunity to interact with more people, and can bring rewards through dealing with the public. Nineteen ninety-four can be a year of positive growth without the sense of restriction that you have felt in the past few years. By building on your knowledge and experience from the past, you can stand on a firm foundation while broadening your horizons. Relationships play an important role this year, with both friends and partners offering a more promising level of support. The mirror of relationships, especially close partnerships, can provide a positive source of feedback and encourage you to reach beyond your old set of limitations. Until December 9, Jupiter transits in Scorpio opposing your Sun sign and highlighting your Solar 7th House. This cycle works at an inner level to help you gain a more profound sense of your needs in relationships. However, you may feel a strong contrast from what you see in others versus what you feel from within. Expectations can become a block if you place too much emphasis upon them. Although this period is often accompanied by increasing support from a partner, just as important is an increase in your ability to accept this level of support. The essence of this cycle is an increasing sense of your own wholeness, and you'll do yourself a disservice by feeling that this is determined by the presence of another in your life. Too much emphasis placed on others will only lead to disappointment. The Jupiter cycle gains emphasis from the Solar Eclipses in Taurus and Scorpio this year. Eclipse cycles generally indicate areas in our lives which require accen-tuation in some way, and the accompanying transit of Jupiter adds to this punctuation. You may find more life experiences acting as symbols to illustrate deeper meaning. Take the time to reflect upon what's happening around you and how you fit into the scene. This is a cycle of integration and can be a time of profound self-realization. But you're also releasing many elements of the past through this energy, especially those which have become artificial in their meaning. Saturn finally leaves the square to your Sun this year and moves into a supportive sextile aspect. There's still work to be done, but it may not feel quite as limiting or over-burdening. All Taureans will feel the energy of this transit sometime during the next two years. You can utilize this energy to strengthen the positive rewards from your career, but there are also greater sensibilities in your feeling of accomplishment in areas of personal growth and self-awareness. The exact conjunction of Uranus and Neptune in Capricorn has ended, but these two planets continue to travel closely together in their orbit. This change lessens the intensity of the cycle, but there will still be a feeling of major changes in the collective elements of society. Human evolution follows a slow course, and although the conjunction of these two planets has historically coincided with events that have turned the tide, the adjustments to these changes are not always immediately forthcoming. If you know your chart, continue to watch the effect of these transiting planets in the astrological house they're influencing. The Solar chart (in which your Sun is placed on the Ascendant) shows Uranus and Neptune continuing through your 9th House. The most profound effects of these energies will occur in your philosophical outlook on life. Both an increased sensitivity to your spiritual needs and a revolutionary change in your belief systems are likely to occur as these planets continue their impact. Nineteen ninety-four marks the last full year Pluto will continue its transit in Scorpio. The eliminatory quality of this cycle will gradually diminish in its effect upon your ego after next year. But until then, there is still likely to be a feeling of foreboding that may accompany your life. The world as you knew it has definitely changed in the last decade, and it's had a definitive impact on your personal growth and development. Continue to work toward eliminating the attitudes and circumstances that inhibit your growth. Chiron has moved into Virgo, and is emphasizing your need to become more acutely aware of the healing effect of your creative self-expression. And you do have the ability to create your own life! This can be a year of breakthrough.	https://www.arcanehoroscope.com/horoscope-2019/horoscope-taurus-2019.html
Winter is coming, and as the weather grows colder and the days darker, our bodies begin to be more at risk of catching illnesses. We have to be more careful about what we wear and how we go out, and very importantly, we have to boost our immune systems, so that our bodies’ natural defenses are toughened and prepared for any assault on them. But as our immune systems are not a single entity, they require balance and harmony to function well. Scientists still don’t fully understand many aspects of them, but that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t work to enhance them in ways that have already been shown to be successful. Basics Our immune systems are highly complex and are influenced by many varying factors. To that end, essential vaccinations can help build up your immunity against specific illnesses as they are designed to combat them from the ground up by attacking the disease-causing organisms and resolving the issue at the root and stem. But your first line of defense is maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Ways of boosting your immune system include eating well, especially Vitamin C in the colder months, staying fit, getting enough sleep, and trying to minimize stress; these are all extremely helpful in being prepared to combat the invaders looking to infiltrate your body and harm your health and wellbeing. Good Diet Eating well means focusing on plenty of fruit and vegetables, protein, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products like cheese or butter. Also, try to limit saturated fats, cholesterol, salt, and added sugars in your food. Taking care of what you eat will provide multiple nutrients that will support your immune function. However, you should be aware that too much of some vitamins and minerals can be harmful, so be moderate in your consumption, and maybe consult a physician or pharmacist if you are not totally sure about how many vitamins you are ingesting. Be Active You should always be physically active, of course, not only when winter draws near, but having regular physical activity as the days grow darker will make you feel better in general, as doing exercise will trigger a release of dopamine and serotonin, which will improve your mood and general disposition. Exercise can be particularly helpful if you are dealing with anxiety or panic attacks. Add in the immunity boosts, and there isn’t a single reason not to be physically active on a regular basis. Healthy Weight Maintaining a healthy weight is important because extra weight can affect how your body works. Immune system impairment is common in obese people, who are classified as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or above as adults. Good ways of helping to maintain a healthy weight include reducing stress, eating healthy as we have covered, getting enough sleep, and having regular physical activity. Get Enough Sleep Having enough sleep each night is crucial for not only your immune system but everything, from weight to mental state. Not getting at least 7 hours of sleep every night if you are an adult can lead to a wide variety of disorders. The total number of hours slept is not the only thing that is important to healthy rest, but also having good-quality sleep on a regular schedule. Children require even more sleep than adults. Teenagers should get at least 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night, school-age children 9 to 12 hours, preschoolers 10 to 13, and so on. Hydration Humans are made up of about 70% water, so needless to say, water is absolutely vital to our health and well-being. There is a fluid in your circulatory system called lymph, responsible for carrying important infection-fighting immune cells around your body, which is largely made up of, you guessed it, water. Being dehydrated slows down its movement, which can sometimes also lead to an impaired immune system. So, remember to drink lots of water, even when you are not thirsty, as in winter, due to it being cold, we do not feel thirsty most of the time, even though our bodies may already be dehydrated. It is not as easy as simply purchasing a “proven immunity booster supplement” box from the store because our immune systems are still largely a mystery. Scientists are still wondering what does and does not influence them, but after the tips we shared today, you can at the least ensure that your immune systems are in as good a condition as possible, and be ready to face the coming winter.	https://globelivemedia.com/lifestyle/6-ways-to-boost-your-immune-system/
It is past 5 pm when I arrive in North-Eastern Uganda, after I had set of from a guesthouse in Kampala at 6 am that morning. At the dairy cooperative, the last farmers of that day arrive with their milk. The local cows give only around 1 or 2 liter milk per day, and are therefore only being milked in the afternoon. The six people who are involved in yoghurt making are all around. Heifer International, a large development organization which whom Yoba collaborates, had invited me to this place. Their field office in the town is situated in the same building as the dairy cooperative. Some time back Heifer has given out 45 frysian cows to vulnerable farmers in the region. Evidently this has highly boosted the milk production in the region. Currently up to 150 liters of milk are collected daily. However, the market for fresh milk is very small. Therefore, just three months ago, the group contacted a person who taught them yoghurt making. In three months time the group has managed to increase their production and sales from 0 to 120 liters per day. No need to say that this group consists of hard working and innovative people who are not avoiding risks, and its my honor to work with them. During the first day of the training of the yoba production process, 1 liter yoghurt is made as a ‘fresh starter’ in which the freeze dried bacteria can grow out. After 8-12 hours (in reality often just the following morning), this fresh starter can be added to up to 100 liters of milk, and after another 12 hours, 100 liters of yoghurt will be ready for packaging. A little after 6 pm that afternoon the fresh starter is ready. Then it becomes all of a sudden clear that we are having a problem. Unlike other milk cooperatives I had worked with, this cooperative collects milk in the evening, since farmers prefer to milk their cow in the afternoon. Keeping this milk (un-cooled) till the following morning to continue the training would be too risky. The milk is usually processed that same evening by the people on ‘night shift’. A very unusual time to work in rural areas, thereby making the way this group operates even more admirable. If course, as the trainer, I cannot lag behind, and agree with the manager that he would pick me around 1 am at my guesthouse (please first a shower and some hours sleep after being bumped around all day on dust roads!). This way we make sure that I will be around at 2 pm (8 hours after the fresh starter was made) when the 1 liter is being added to the 100 liters of, by then, pasteurized milk. I leave the night shift while they are starting the fires to heat the milk. Some minutes before 1 am I struggle to wake up, dress myself, and go outside to wait for the manager on his motorbike. I wait and wait. I get shaken up by an orange that falls besides me on the ground. Apparently I had been sitting under an orange tree. I wait more, but nothing happens. I cannot keep my eyes open and return to bed, where I sleep like a baby till the next morning. The next morning I find out that the manager also had been sleeping like a baby until 3 am. After realizing that he overslept himself, his feelings of quilt kept him awake for the rest of the night. However, still he and his colleagues are an excellent and interactive class for my training. After finishing my training that morning, I set off again for a journey that will be tiring, but it has been certainly worth it. I already know that I’m going to use this group and their successful business as an example for other groups I work with.	http://www.yoba4life.org/2015/01/21/nightshift-in-amulia/
- v50 information can now be added to pages in the main namespace. v0.47 information can still be found in the DF2014 namespace. See here for more details on the new versioning policy. - Use this page to report any issues related to the migration. 23a:Tree \|This article is about an older version of DF.\| Trees can be found on almost any area. Depending whether trees are scarce or dense, they can be a great renewable source of wood. The density of growth is determined by the biome, and those are visible on the pre-embark screen. Density does not change - there are no climate shifts during game play. There are many different varieties that grow in various different types of biomes. Tower-caps are trees (giant mushrooms, actually) that grow only underground, and are the only ones that do, and then only under special circumstances. All trees are effectively identical, equal in usefulness and value.* - (* Note that preferences can alter a dwarf's perception of the value of items made from a type of wood that they prefer.) Different types of trees have their own symbol, such as ♣, ♠, ╞ or ⌠. Some share the same symbol, but since the only difference is for preferences, this is not a significant problem. (See table, below, for tree/symbol pairs.) For most purposes, a tree is a tree. Deciduous trees will change colour to red or yellow in autumn ( ♣, ♠ ), and lose their leaves in winter ( ╞ ). This does not affect their usefulness - they may be cut down in any season, and produce the same end result. Trees are currently not a source of food or other material, so it is not possible to harvest maple syrup, nuts, etc. Harvesting / Removing the barrier Trees are a type of map tile that form a solid barrier, like stone or ore. Trees (but not saplings) will block movement and prevent placement of various buildings. They must be designated for removal from the designations menu chop trees, which will instruct dwarves with the wood cutting labor enabled to grab an battle axe and begin chopping down the tree. Once cut down, they become one wood log, which is movable and can be hauled by enabling the wood hauling labor on any dwarf and designating a wood stockpile. Trees will not be destroyed by magma or fire (nor will water damage them in any way). Saplings are similarly immune to water, but magma will obviously burn them up quite rapidly. Ballista arrows can destroy trees, but catapult stones will not. Tree growth Trees grow from saplings, which start growing randomly on tiles of a suitable biome. Outdoor saplings can be killed by heavy traffic. Dead saplings will remain for some seasons, and then disappear - or heavy traffic will trample them away. To grow from a sapling to a tree takes 3 years. Trees do not need to be (and can't be) "planted" - even if a map is stripped of all trees, new saplings will regrow, randomly and in their own time. Saplings will not grow on a tile with items on it (such as stone, food, etc). Saplings will not grow where a road has been laid down. Elven Diplomats Elven diplomats eventually come to talk about the "tree situation" in your fort. The very first visit will merely complain (if you have cut down any trees, otherwise they will congratulate you for leaving the forests alone), and on all subsequent visits the diplomat will want to set a limit to the number of trees butchered harvested to feed fuel your earth blighting death machines industry. This quota is based on your noble's level of influence (high office quality, high happiness, and high rank of nobility all increase the number of trees you will be allowed to cut down), so it doesn't matter how many trees you actually cut down. In adventurer mode, trees gain names near elven settlements. It is unclear what effect this has on gameplay, if any at all. List of Trees Above-ground trees marked as "Wet" will only grow within 2 tiles of a River or Murky Pool, while those marked as "Dry" will only grow when there is no water within range. \|Tree Name\|\|Tile\|\|Biome / Habitat\|\|Alignment\|\|Deciduous\|\|Density (g/cm3)\|\|"Likes them for their..."\| \|Acacia\|\| \|\|Tropical Dry Broadleaf Forest \| Tropical Grassland Tropical Savanna Tropical Shrubland \|All (Dry)\|\|No\|\|thorns\| \|Cedar\|\| \|\|Temperate Conifer Forest \| Tropical Conifer Forest \|All (Dry)\|\|No\|\|majesty\| \|Kapok\|\| \|\|Tropical Moist Broadleaf Forest\|\|All (Dry)\|\|No\|\|buttresses\| \|Mahogany\|\| \|\|Any Tropical Forest\|\|All (Dry)\|\|No\|\|loose inflorescences\| \|Mangrove\|\| \|\|Mangrove Swamp\|\|All (Wet)\|\|No\|\|roots\| \|Maple\|\| \|\|Temperate Broadleaf Forest \| Temperate Grassland Temperate Savanna Temperate Shrubland \|All (Dry)\|\|Yes\|\|autumn coloration\| \|Oak\|\| \|\|Any Temperate Broadleaf\|\|All (Dry)\|\|Yes\|\|acorns\| autumn coloration \|Pine\|\| \|\|Taiga \| Temperate Conifer Forest Tropical Conifer Forest \|All (Dry)\|\|No\|\|cones\| needles \|Saguaro\|\| \|\|Any Desert\|\|All (Dry)\|\|No\|\|amazing arms\| \|Tower-cap\|\| \|\|Subterranean SPECIAL\|\|All\|\|No\|\|great size\| \|Willow\|\| \|\|Any Temperate \| Any Tropical Forest Tropical Grassland Tropical Savanna Tropical Shrubland Tropical Freshwater Swamp Tropical Saltwater Swamp Tropical Freshwater Marsh Tropical Saltwater Marsh \|All (Wet)\|\|No\|\|sad appearance\| fluffy catkins Trees by Biome Trees in italic are found only near rivers and swamps: - Temperate swamps and marshes - Oak, Willow - Tropical swamps and marshes - Willow - Mangrove swamps - Mangrove - Taiga - Pine - Temperate coniferous forest - Cedar, Pine, Willow - Temperate broadleaf forest - Maple, Oak, Willow - Tropical coniferous forest - Cedar, Mahogany, Pine, Willow - Tropical dry broadleaf forest - Acacia, Mahogany, Willow - Tropical moist broadleaf forest - Kapok, Mahogany, Willow - Temperate plains - Maple, Oak, Willow - Tropical plains - Acacia, Willow - Deserts - Saguaro For the greatest variety of trees, embark in a tropical coniferous forest if possible.	http://dwarffortresswiki.org/index.php?title=23a:Tree&oldid=252567
Home › Forums › Miscellaneous › What Should We Do if the Federal Government Shuts Down? This topic contains 87 replies, has 40 voices, and was last updated by Sterling Whitehead 9 years, 4 months ago. - AuthorPosts - - February 25, 2011 at 4:31 pm #124190 So I’ve been getting emails all week about the potential federal government shutdown on March 7th from GovLoop members. The cool part is GovLoop members seem to want to do something if a shutdown happens – I’ve heard ideas from a community service day, a rally, to a happy hour. Some also just want more information and have suggested a webinar on the topic to more infographs. So I thought we should open it up – What should we as a GovLoop community do if the government shuts down? - February 25, 2011 at 8:14 pm #124364 I’d like to find a way to use Gov 2.0 to fill gaps in services that the federal government can’t provide during a shutdown. - February 25, 2011 at 8:45 pm #124362 WTD (what to do) 1) Use the free time for cheap fun. Go to a museaum. Walk. Take a day trip with friends. 2) Check out all the malls. Lake forrest mall in Rockvill or the ones in Tyson’s corner. DC has a great mall but its really just an open field ( LoL ) 3) See some good movies like “L.A. Battlefield” on March 11th. A 1pm showtime is cheap. 4) Relax. “Fear is believing that what you can not see – nor touch – nor change is going to happen. Faith is believing that what you can not see – nor touch – nor change is going to happen.” 5) Volunteer to help at a blood drive, church, etc. Do something to pass the time. This is a good time to try new things. 6) Update your resume. 7) Make doctor appointments. This is really true for those with little sick time. 8) Stay on GovLoop. What not to do 1) Freak out and shut yourself in. 2) Spend hours at iHOP wondering what to do. iHOP is great but there is more. 3) Think or say “This will go on for ever” It will not 4) Do nothing. One will be back at work in a few weeks whishing they had done something. - February 25, 2011 at 8:46 pm #124360 Samuel A. LuksParticipant If my department were to close my office, I think I would take the time to get caught up on my current projects. Lets hope that it doesn’t come to it, but ya never know these days. Maybe do some networking to expand my horizons. Not so much for a new job, but to gain insight to what others do across (the government in) other departments and specialties. - February 28, 2011 at 2:07 pm #124358 Eric EricksonParticipant The museums in DC will be closed. Updating your resume seems to be what they are encouraging people to do…. - February 28, 2011 at 3:24 pm #124356 - February 28, 2011 at 3:48 pm #124354 Debra FarmerParticipant What about learning something new? Start now creating a “To Learn” list. Even if we aren’t shut down, you can still use this list! - February 28, 2011 at 4:01 pm #124352 MichelleParticipant I think we should organize a series of volunteer activities ahead of time (perhaps daily) that many employees can attend at once. We meet other govvies and we turn something ambiguous and stressful into something positive. Events can be hosted on GovLoop. What do you think? - February 28, 2011 at 5:42 pm #124350 Kevin DubsParticipant I like it! Any specific ideas for activities? I’d be interested in anything besides rallying. - February 28, 2011 at 8:34 pm #124348 MichelleParticipant Yeah – I’m going to look into some park clean-up options. If we can find a few organizers, we can have a few different options. Do you have any ideas, Kevin? - February 28, 2011 at 9:04 pm #124346 Susan FairchildParticipant Michelle, this was my take on the free time afforded by a shut down as well! I am going to volunteer with meals on wheels…this is an activity that all us govvies can participate in. We can prepare, package, and deliver food. And visit with the folks that recieve the meals. My husband and I did this one Thanksgiving, and we had a lot of fun, met some truly beautiful souls, and I believe, were the better for it. Meals-on-Wheels is a program that lets older people stay in their own homes, keeps them in thier social circles and extends the ability to function independently for a longer period of time. Many of these folks would be needing additional social services, and those funds are drying up. - February 28, 2011 at 9:06 pm #124344 Hi. The volunteer options are endless. Almost endless. Well pretty darn long. Its not doing work for free but trying something new for you. 1) Blood drive – we always need kind folks to help those donating. I suggest donating. For an advanced option: organize one. 2) Ask what needs to be done at your church or place of worship. Things needed range from social media to computer skills, helping out to gardening. 3) Stop by the city campground. They always need painting, repairs or want computer help 4) For those in scouting – stop by and see what they need. 5) Kids in school? Offer your time to the teacher or school. Caution – avoid the lunch room. 6) Local theater. From lighting to helping with the play. Plus you see the play for free. 7) Stop by museum or botanical garden – you’d be amazed at all the work behind the scenes. Blog. Yes blog. Belive it or not our work here fits the volunteer definition. - February 28, 2011 at 9:46 pm #124342 Megan DotsonKeymaster Go to http://www.volunteermatch.org to find available volunteer opportunities in the area. If you see something interesting in the DC metro area let me know; I’d like to help out too! - February 28, 2011 at 9:47 pm #124340 Hey Susan – How did you make this happen? I’d love to help out - February 28, 2011 at 10:03 pm #124338 Susan FairchildParticipant You can go to their website at: http://www.mowaa.org then look up the local MOW by each state and locality. I’ve already called my local and they need help with delivery, with ‘drivers and runners’-one drives, the other takes the meal to the home, meal prep and packaging, and cleaning up. And when we all go back to work they need help with food and money. A couple of ideas: -The grocery stores have 10 for $10 deals. You can put together some great meals for much less than $10. -Those ‘rebate’ cash cards you get from changing phone companies, etc. Dont let them just gather cobwebs in your wallet. You can donate them. -If you clean out your kitchen cupboards, check the exp. date on cans and boxes. Don’t donate food if it could be expired or possibly no longer viable. For instance, old bisquick makes biscuits that end up like Eric Staal’s hockey puck. - February 28, 2011 at 10:33 pm #124336 As we start the last week for our dear friends in Congress to either pass a budget or extend CR, we may also be looking at a close possibility of a furlough for federal employees. Therefore, I will be hosting an informal Furlough Friday Happy Hour at Redline in Penn Quarter. We can either celebrate an imminent budget (CR ends at midnight) or appreciate that it’s Pay Day (depending on your direct deposit schedule) with the next one TBD. Redline recently opened and is a luxury gastropub which includes personal table taps at some of the tables. Redline is located at 707 G Street NW, and you can view more info at http://www.dcredline.com. Feel free to spread the word to anyone who may be interested. Come catch up with old friends and meet some new ones. I hope you will be able to join us! P.S.- Be prepared for a possible Monday Shutdown Happy Hour if we’re told not to report, but you would want to come out to bond in community with fellow furloughed feds. - February 28, 2011 at 11:26 pm #124334 Terrence HillParticipant Great idea! Look no further than Greater DC Cares. Here is their calendar: http://www.greaterdccares.org/projects/viewProject.php?_mode=calendar&_type=month&_action=calendar&&&_clearFlag=course,specialevent&_submode=changeDate&year=2011&month=3&filter_impactArea=&filter_attributes=&filter_region=&_setFlag=&_clearFlag=course,specialevent. We could pick a project each day and rally the troops each day. - March 1, 2011 at 1:30 am #124332 I set up a facebook and plancast if you guys want to join!! http://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=168279226554163 - March 1, 2011 at 3:58 pm #124330 Tam WaltonParticipant Wow! After all this time I have been on this site I have never met anyone on here that I thought was being a jerk – until now. Thank you for being so insightful, encouraging and helpful. What makes you think we don’t feel America’s pain? Are we not the ones staffing the phone lines, making their medications, helping them keep their houses, and more? There are millions of us that would lose out all at one time. But there are the insightful ones like you that just make it all the better. The ones who think that because we are government workers we have the fat salaries and amazing benefits….as if we don’t pay the price for those benefits. The ones that think we’re all just lazy (even though the people I know work a crazy amount of work hours – including me). The ones that forget we have rent, mortgage, orthodontia payments, car, and community obligations, just like you. Our kids want to look forward to spring break, go to prom and get graduation gifts, just like yours. But no, because we choose to support the United States of America, day in and day out, there are no kind words or thoughts. No empathy for your fellow mankind. Your response to Steve’s inquiry is very sad and uninspiring for people who wish to remain positive and get through this without falling into depression. God bless you, because you really need to check yourself. - March 1, 2011 at 4:05 pm #124328 @stevewonder, was this comment aimed at a particular person or was it just advice in general? - March 1, 2011 at 5:32 pm #124326 Updating the resume may not be bad. Helps one look back on how much they have done. It takes a good week to fill out 171 form. I hope people are not let go.I do not see it happening. - March 1, 2011 at 5:35 pm #124324 Steve, Our time off will be temporary – not like 99’ers who have been out of work for 99 weeks. The time off could be stressful and suck with out a plan. I respectfuly decline your option. Go for good times. Mardi Gras will be coming up. To all those who do work. Who man the post. Who keep the lights on and still get the same pay! – thank you in advance. - March 1, 2011 at 5:37 pm #124322 For the departmens that do not close – can they rotate who is off and who is working? Share the pain ? BTW – the time off is great for Dr. appointments without buring any sick time. - March 1, 2011 at 6:16 pm #124320 Carol DavisonParticipant If I had anyplace I wanted to travel to I would do so now. Put in for leave, and if we are furloughed you get a no leave cost trip to Xistan. I was planning on going to Egypt (too risky) or Germany (too short a notice to find my long lost relatives/too cold. Any suggestions? - March 1, 2011 at 6:38 pm #124318 Peter SperryParticipant I seriously doubt there will be a shut down but if you are looking for a place to travel, try Southern Spain. Start with Las Falles in Valencia (great street party with lots of fire works), then head into Andalusia to see Granada, Cordoba and Seville. - March 1, 2011 at 9:04 pm #124316 Big Picture IncParticipant That’s a good idea - March 1, 2011 at 9:53 pm #124314 Big Picture IncParticipant Hey @ Tam and @stevewonder, I see your arguments and would like to humbly offer my perspective. On one hand, it doesn’t seem fair to accuse government employees of being unaware or unsympathetic towards the unemployed; on the other hand, it also doesn’t seem fair to assume that the “non-government unemployed” have the same struggles as government employed. After all, there are millions of people in this country living below the poverty line who worry about basic needs and even safety on a daily basis. I agree that it’s important to see the point of view of the unemployed, and I also agree that government employees aren’t always the high horse fat cats (two animal metaphors at once? yes!) they are often portrayed as. Thank you both for sharing your strong feelings – discourse on GovLoop is relentlessly polite, which is nice (but not a true representation of reality). - March 1, 2011 at 11:58 pm #124312 - March 2, 2011 at 4:14 am #124310 @ SteveWonder – You make insulting assumptions about folks you don’t know. I don’t get the feeling that Tam Walton feels that she is “way above the public she serves”, secretly or otherwise. And I’m a pretty sensitive guy. Really. I think I would have picked up on that. After thirty years in the trenches of public service, I guess I just haven’t seen that many public employees who needed to get off their high horses. I’ve seen a few political appointees who could have stood to be knocked down a few pegs, but the wage earners? No. We have a lot more empathy for those in the private sector than you can imagine. How many of YOUR friends and relatives have lost THEIR jobs? I have folks in my own family, not that far from what would have been retirement, still out of work. And so do many folks here on GovLoop. And you have the temerity to say we have to get off our high horses? Can you see the ground from yours? - March 2, 2011 at 3:03 pm #124308 If we have a shutdown I’ll do like I did in the last two (yes, I’ve been around long enough to have weathered the previous shutdowns)…I’ll catch up on housework, my “hunny-do list”, knitting baby gifts for friends that are due soon and I start back to college on 14 March! I have plenty to do to keep me busy! But my job as the Hazardous Material & Waste Manager will probably require me to at least make sure my base remains in compliance with all regulations, so I may end up having to go in to work once or twice. Who knows? - March 2, 2011 at 5:33 pm #124306 Tam WaltonParticipant Looks like we’re still going to be working for two more weeks!! Senate Sends Stop Gap bill to POTUS - March 2, 2011 at 7:44 pm #124304 This looks cool – Shutdown Startup – http://www.shutdownstartup.org/ - March 2, 2011 at 7:45 pm #124302 The Shutdown Startup If we can’t service our country, we’ll serve our community If the federal government shuts down in early March, thousands of passionate public servants won’t be able to do their jobs. But that doesn’t mean they can no longer serve. The Shutdown Startup aims to connect individuals affected by a shutdown to volunteer service opportunities, so they can channel their passion for service to help their communities. No one wants a shutdown. But if it happens, we can still have a positive impact on our country. The Shutdown Startup is a short term initiative powered by volunteers from the federal government, the non-profit sector, and you. For more information and to commit to service, please click here. - March 2, 2011 at 9:58 pm #124300 Thank you for your views, Mr. Ed. There were no insults intended, but Ms. Tam’s “comments” on meeting her purely selfish, non-public benefitting needs, and the “check one’s head” was exclusively hers, and not from the public she must serve, and certainly wasnt complimentary in showing a chance to steadfastly and publicly be accountble for one’s actions. I was just asking all parties to be less selfish–to me, good public servants serve the public’s needs before one’s selfish material ones. Just watch the news at state capitols and make one’s own decision–I proudly see BOTH sides of the coins thrown. Thank you. - March 2, 2011 at 10:27 pm #124298 @stevewonder. I think your advice is correct. We govies should remember that we are viewed with distain, especially by the unemployed. I know. I was unemployed for a year at the beginning of the Great Recession. While I agree with your advice, the manner in which it was conveyed is another matter. The following comment can easily be viewed as an attack: “Deal with it!/You’ll join the millions upon millions of non-government unemployed — and maybe feel their pain!”. I see both sides of the argument here, but perhaps fewer exclamation points next time would likely get across your point. Exclamation points suggest yelling and possibly anger in online forums. - March 2, 2011 at 11:58 pm #124296 - March 3, 2011 at 1:56 am #124294 SteveWonder. Let me be clear: I agree with your general sentiment, but I think you went about it in the wrong way. I see how your original comment could be seen as an attack and insult. - March 3, 2011 at 5:06 am #124292 WOW! “”might have worked with a generation of untransparent, unoversighted, political patronage notions of service deliveries around both parties that is gradually being phased out by forceful modernization and rigorous accountability.”‘ Okay, Steve, I agree with Sterling. I won’t disagree with your sentiments about public workers not suffering the dangers hanging over the heads of private sector workers, but I think you could have stated them in a far more civil manner. No one here is the enemy and mutual respect is an important thing. Other than the Defense Department, which is a world to itself, I worked the bulk of my career at a small statistical agency of around 500 very hardworking people. We worked overtime, on our own time, and canceled vacations to get our numbers out on deadline. I really have no idea what “illegalities” I might have seen; folks stealing pencils? I am very proud to have been a part of my agency and proud to have known the people I worked with. And I am proud of the work I did. Where have you worked in Government to give you such a terrible perception? - March 3, 2011 at 5:35 pm #124290 Shutdown StartupParticipant Unfortunately we can’t do that. It’s illegal to volunteer your services if you’re not “essentialized.” The law is at 31 U.S.C. s 1342, and the criminal penalty is at 31 U.S.C. s 1350. That’s why we’re looking for alternative avenues for service. - March 4, 2011 at 3:15 am #124288 Bill BrantleyParticipant Like other folks I am planning to volunteer but I would also like to advantage of the opportunity to meet some of the great thinkers on GovLoop. Come to College Park and spend an afternoon hanging out in some great restaurants and brainstorming together. Or there are plenty of places around DC and Virginia that would be perfect for an afternoon salon. - March 4, 2011 at 3:45 am #124286 Yes, in ’95 we wanted to do this (we had deadlines, which weren’t moving, shutdown or no), but were not allowed. They shutdown our servers. Without computer access to the data, we couldn’t even work from home. It’s wasn’t a “shutdown” so much as a lockout. - March 4, 2011 at 1:12 pm #124284 I was in the trenches with you in ’95, Ed. It wasn’t a fun time for any of us. Work had to be done and it just wasn’t ALLOWED. You are correct…it was more like a LOCKOUT. - March 7, 2011 at 7:20 pm #124282 Alexandra MimsParticipant Hi all – my company (Centre Consulting) wrote a white paper about the potential shut down if anyone would like a copy. If you’re interested just send me a personal message and I would be happy to forward it to you. - March 8, 2011 at 1:19 pm #124280 Philippe VermeulenParticipant I find it – as an European – very strange that government can be locked out (in a sense) in this way. The continuity of public servicing is a fundamental issue of public governance. How do you coop then? By making the deficit bigger by deficit spending? - March 15, 2011 at 7:31 pm #124278 Well…looks like we are nearing the shutdown again. Still game? - March 25, 2011 at 3:24 pm #124276 Yvonne ClearwaterParticipant Suggestions on: “What to do if the gov shuts down” – + With your rare off-the-gov-clock time, seek ways to make a positive differerence + Volunteer in your local community. + Go global in your awaress of opportunties to donate and contribute. + Increase your personal actions in mentoring youth. + Practice healthy lifestyle – and encourage those around you to do so. + Learn new stuff – and turn around and teach others. + Take the time to exercise and rebalance. + It’s Spring – go outside and plant flowers. Vegies. A tree. + Breathe. Help yourself and others. - March 30, 2011 at 10:00 pm #124274 Lisa ReinParticipant hi Yvonne. This is Lisa Rein from the Post. I love your positive thoughts-how can I reach you to follow up!?Thanks so much. Lisa–[email protected] - March 30, 2011 at 10:07 pm #124272 Lisa ReinParticipant hi Michael! This is Lisa Rein from the Post. I’m doing a shutdown story and wonder–are you still having Shutdown happy hours at Redline–and is oneplanned for Fri?! How can I reach you? Thanks a million. I’m at [email protected]. Or 202-831-3120 - March 31, 2011 at 3:46 am #124270 Alexandra MimsParticipant If anyone is looking for a place to find additional information, http://www.govshutdown.com was recently created by Centre as a comprehensive place for current information. Also, as a free service to the contractor community (inside and outside of the Government), Centre is also offering a White Paper which contains background information, the legal guidance to follow in the event of a shutdown and practical information for contractors. - March 31, 2011 at 1:09 pm #124268 ”Go to a museum”? The Smithsonian’s were closed back in the 90’s when the government closed last. - April 5, 2011 at 12:46 am #124266 Ughh…this is looking more and more real. Do people think this is going to happen? - April 5, 2011 at 12:05 pm #124264 Peter SperryParticipant As of this morning, it looks like we stay open for at least another week and DOD is funded for the rest of the fiscal year. - April 5, 2011 at 12:45 pm #124262 Just saw it as well – here’s a link http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/04/05/congress.budget/index.html?hpt=T2 - April 5, 2011 at 12:54 pm #124260 On Monday night, GOP leaders said they were proposing a one-week extension of the current spending resolution that would avert a shutdown and include spending cuts, while also funding the Department of Defense for the rest of the fiscal year. The deal would also cut about $12 billion, House Appropriations Chairman Hal Rogers said in a statement. - April 5, 2011 at 1:04 pm #124258 I say a happy hour on Friday, and a post shotdown early liquid lunch on Monday, just for the hell of it!! - April 5, 2011 at 1:28 pm #124256 On Monday night, GOP leaders said they were proposing a one-week extension of the current spending resolution that would avert a shutdown and include spending cuts, while also funding the Department of Defense for the rest of the fiscal year. The deal would also cut about $12 billion, House Appropriations Chairman Hal Rogers said in a statement. The new extension is “an option” for now, a senior House GOP leadership aide stressed, with no vote on it scheduled by the House. If negotiators come up with a broader agreement, the new House proposal could be amended, the aide said. I would not count on it! - April 5, 2011 at 1:37 pm #124254 Come out on Friday to my Happy Hour, dubbed: Furlough Friday Episode 6: The Undiscovered Country The Passenger, 1021 7th Street Northwest, Washington, DC Starting 5pm - April 5, 2011 at 2:06 pm #124252 Love the name…How’s Passenger? - April 6, 2011 at 2:47 pm #124250 Ahh…I hope they don’t do another extension - April 6, 2011 at 3:54 pm #124248 Well…just discovered some agencies are exempt from the “shutdown”, like those that their funding is “fee” based, in lieu of appropriated funds. - April 6, 2011 at 4:49 pm #124246 Info from OMB/OPM Federal agencies that would close or curtail services include: - Internal Revenue Service: The IRS would stop processing tax refunds for returns filed on paper. Returns processed electronically would still generate refunds. - Small Business Administration: The SBA would not process applications for business loans. - Federal Housing Administration: A shutdown would stop FHA from making new loan guarantees. - National Parks: National Parks would close - Cherry Blossom Parade: A shutdown in the next few days would cancel the National Cherry Blossom Festival Parade, which is scheduled for April 9. - April 6, 2011 at 4:52 pm #124244 Kevin DubsParticipant Hi Angel, would this include GSA’s Federal Acquisition Service? - April 6, 2011 at 4:55 pm #124242 Not sure, as I know you are FFS also. But your fees come from other agencies, ours comes from the public (immigrants and businesses). - April 6, 2011 at 5:29 pm #124240 Heather ColemanParticipant I like this idea. Also for those in the DC area, it sounds like DC will be in great need for services with a Federal government shut down. We should do something constructive…maybe with signs/shirts “govies for hire” - April 6, 2011 at 6:01 pm #124238 Being an “old” feddie with 27+ years and having been through the past shutdowns I hope it doesn’t come to pass…BUT…if it does I will be home working on classwork for the college class I am currently taking online, catching up on knitting and trying to stay positive! - April 7, 2011 at 12:56 pm #124236 Brian K SeitzParticipant A modest proposal: I think the easiest way to solve this problem is push to require Congress to be sequestered inside the Capital building. No recesses or breaks until a budget, not a stopgap bill, is passed. Send in cheese sandwiches –made from all the surplus cheese—and coffee for every meal (after all it is a budget crisis) until the job is done. It will be assumed that any member of Congress that leaves has given his/her resignation. I believe after a week eating Cheese Sandwiches and sleeping on the Capital floor they’ll be more motivated to get the job done. Just an idea 🙂 Seriously, I think not only government employees, but, citizens as a whole need to make it too hot for our Government Leaders not to get the budget job done now and in a timely manner from now on. - April 7, 2011 at 12:58 pm #124234 Lisa RoperParticipant We should all keep in touch using GovLoop!! That is what my co-workers and I plan to do. We will not be allowed to use government computers to communicate, so GovLoop is the answer! - April 7, 2011 at 1:00 pm #124232 Lisa RoperParticipant Great idea! I can’t help but wonder what kind of performance rating I would get if I wasn’t doing my job…..she ponders…. - April 7, 2011 at 1:35 pm #124230 Dan MeredParticipant I like your positive attitude. I would add to your “to do” list: 9) Start a small business that you can do from home (tons of them) to supplement your income incase the furlough lasts longer than expected. - April 7, 2011 at 1:37 pm #124228 I totally agree but I think they should be given MREs (Meals Ready to Eat) like the military and water, park a couple of Port-A-Potty’s inside and lock the doors from the outside! Then tell them they can’t come out until they send out a budget! No more time off, no more going home, no more ditzing around! I’m in full agreement with your comment…make it too hot for them and make them do their job…stop all the posturing and get the media OUT! - April 7, 2011 at 2:07 pm #124226 I like the MRE idea, and have them sleep outside in sleeping bags, just like our troops are doing right now. Let’s see how long that lasts. - April 7, 2011 at 3:27 pm #124224 Margarida C MasdenParticipant Dan, This is a great idea in starting a small business from home. Do you know of any websites that I can find these businesses from? - April 7, 2011 at 3:45 pm #124222 Brian K SeitzParticipant Making It on Your Own: Surviving and Thriving on the Ups and Downs of Being Your Own Boss by Ed and Sara Edwards is the classic in this field - April 7, 2011 at 3:49 pm #124220 Margarida C MasdenParticipant Thanks & have a great day! - April 7, 2011 at 4:55 pm #124218 Lauren ModeenParticipant LIVE briefing right now http://www.whitehouse.gov/live/ - April 7, 2011 at 4:58 pm #124216 David G. SmithParticipant I doubt it means anything. Obama has already stated outright that he would reject any temporary extension, unless there was a permanent fix for the remainder of the year agreed to by the Senate and House and on its’ way through the system. - April 7, 2011 at 5:06 pm #124214 ResultsProntoParticipant Apply for unemployment, ASAP. You will not be counted among the unemployed if you don’t, and politicians care more about that number, than any budget number, or program value. Not to mention, you may really need the money. The state of Maryland is bracing for the onslaught of Fed unemployment applications, and set up a website to provide special instructions for furloughed Feds. http://www.dllr.state.md.us/employment/uifedshutdown.shtml DLLR’s Division of Unemployment Insurance Potential Federal Shutdown – Unemployment Insurance Procedures – Unemployment Insurance Benefits The Division of Unemployment Insurance is currently developing special claim filing procedures if there is shutdown of federal government operations. The website will be updated as soon as additional information is available, but no later than Friday afternoon, April 8, 2011. Return to the Division of Unemployment Insurance home page Questions or comments regarding the Division of Unemployment Insurance may be directed to [email protected]. Questions or comments regarding the DLLR website may be directed to [email protected]. Updated April 6, 2011 - April 7, 2011 at 5:15 pm #124212 I’m speaking at a conference on Monday and folks are already warning that probably can’t speak cause of the shutdown - April 7, 2011 at 7:01 pm #124210 Cool that they are streaming live - April 7, 2011 at 7:13 pm #124208 Marco MoralesParticipant Go to Dominoes Pizza and ask for a temporary delivery permit – sometimes the tips are pretty good on Fridays and weekends esp. when there are high viz sporting events like the Master’s Golf Tourney or NASCAR… I also hear that UPS could use some part-time help. - April 7, 2011 at 9:36 pm #124206 Kerry Ann O’ConnorParticipant I’ll tell you want I don’t want to do. I don’t want to get mad and protest. I don’t want to get even and threaten to put DC’s trash in anyone’s yard. I just want to tell my story. Public Service Appreciation week is coming up. Let’s prepare. - April 7, 2011 at 10:41 pm #124204 Here’s a great idea – let’s make short videos on why we serve for the Partnership video contest – check out the blog and comment – what do you think? https://www.govloop.com/profiles/blogs/i-got-furlough-fever-and-the - April 7, 2011 at 10:42 pm #124202 who’s up for growing furlough beards??? #govtshutdown - April 8, 2011 at 2:44 am #124200 From Shutdown Startup Urgent need: Help Greater DC Cares prepare for Servathon! Greater DC Cares relies on Americorps during the week prior to Servathon. If government is shut down, Greater DC Cares will be severely handicapped, which threatens the success of the community service event after a year of planning. Help ensure the success of the 20th annual Servathon, and contact Billy Fettweis ([email protected]) for more info. - April 8, 2011 at 4:24 pm #124198 Kassandra HardyParticipant All federal employees should rally together to clean up there communities for Earth Day! - April 8, 2011 at 9:38 pm #124196 steve daviesParticipant This is not something that happens in Australia so I find it quite alien. So from the perspective of an outsider I suggest starting to put together ideas around the question of whether shutting down gov should be part of the Gov 2.0 landscape. I don’t think it should be and surely we can explore alternatives. After all don’t impasses of this nature suggest a failure of politics? And why should citizens and public servants pay for that? - April 8, 2011 at 11:14 pm #124194 Greg MeinertParticipant I put together a site called ‘Fine-YouDoIt.com‘. Govlooper’s can go and post the things that they will need citizens to be doing for the country over the next few weeks. So post some stuff and show people what the “government” does for them everyday. - April 9, 2011 at 3:29 pm #124192 TerryParticipant In a furlough you do not get paid, and you have no life or health benefits, right? During the 27 days of the last furlough, some people were hard pressed to make ends meet- a 2nd job was not too hard to find then. Where is the “How to survive a furlough in bad econimic times” page? - AuthorPosts You must be logged in to reply to this topic.	https://www.govloop.com/forums/topic/what-should-we-do-if-the-federal-government-shuts-down/
The invention relates to a board, particularly of plaster, of rectangular shape particularly for use by suspended ceilings where the board is adapted to be secured to suspension elements the lower part of which is made up of profiles, preferably of metal, having horizontal protruding side flanges, said profiles being suspended in parallel and at intervals corresponding to the width of the board, and where on the back of the board parallel to one side edge of the board there is secured a first strip, preferably of metal, which partly extends a distance away from the back corresponding to the thickness of said side flanges and partly a short distance beyond said one side edge of the board, said first strip being designed to overlap one of the side flanges of a profile. A suspended ceiling of this kind is described in British patent specification no. 1,159,611 where the construction consists in mounting the boards on suspended horizontal steel beams in that the boards along each of the two marginal edges have U-shaped metal clips where one side of the U's is seated in channels cut in the back of the board in such a manner that the other side of the U's can overlap side flanges of t he profiles. This structure is advantageous in that the profiles after the completed mounting of the boards are concealed since they are completely covered by the edges of the boards; the structure, however, has the disadvantage that it is difficult to mount the last row of boards by a suspended ceiling as it is then no longer possible to reach to the back of the boards. The structure is not very advantageous either in cases where there may later be a need for having to reach over the suspended ceiling boards to make installation work or similar work. If such work is to be made the boards will have to be removed with the risk of causing damage to them since they are not particularly resistant to deformations or bendings. Finally, the fact that channels for accomodating the U-shaped metal clips have to be out in the back of the boards will make the structure more expensive. In order to remedy these deficiencies there may be used a suspension element comprising suspended supporting profiles with side flanges on which the boards may rest loosely supported along the side and end edges of the boards. It will thus be possible to lift up the individual boards and, if desired, take them down whereafter they may easily be mounted again without any risk of damage thereto. This suspension element, however, is not concealed since the flanges on which the boards rest protrude down below the boards along the adjacent sides. Later maintenance among other things by painting is thus made more difficult. It is the object of the invention to remedy this deficiency by the known suspended ceilings and this is achieved by means of the board according to the invention which is characteristic in that on its back the board has a second strip, preferably of metal, which is bent backwards for forming a groove for receiving a second side flange of an adjacent profile at a distance from said one side edge of the board corresponding to the entire flange width of the profile. By means of such boards it is possible by first tipping the boards to take a slanting position where the side edges are kept horizontal to edge said one side edge of the board up between two profiles whereafter it is possible easily and effortlessly to hook the groove-forming strip of the boards on the side flange of one of the profiles as a hook, and the strip secured by the said one side edge will by its protruding part abut on the upper side of the upper side of the other profile when the board is lowered to take a horizontal position. It is thereby possible later to remove each individual board by tipping same around one of the strips without any use of tools and without any risk of damaging the boards. There is moreover the additional advantage that the suspension itself will be concealed by the boards so that the ceiling appears as an unbroken ceiling surface which can be maintained. If the board or the boards are made of plaster, the strips of metal and suspension of steel being socalled class A materials, the ceiling may immediately be accepted for a suspended ceiling where the distance to structures above exceeds 40 mm. Finally it is advantageous as disclosed in claim 2 to glue the strips on to the boards as the glue will adhere to the back of the board and be quite concealed. If the boards are square as disclosed in claim 3, it is advantageous to let the two strips have a limited length whereby it is possible to stack and transport the boards as by turning the boards 90. degree. with the strip sides facing each other, the boards will be supported along all four side edges thereby preventing them from cracking. The invention will be further described in the following with reference to the drawing wherein FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a ceiling structure with a suspended ceiling, FIG. 2 shows an enlarged section of a joint, and FIG. 3 shows a top view of a stack of boards. FIG. 1 shows an example of a preferred embodiment of a suspended ceiling. The basis may be an existing ceiling 1 or a similar construction unit. In this ceiling or unit there is secured after measuring a number of hooks 2 wherein a generally known adjustable suspension 3 may be suspended. In these suspensions 3 there are secured profiles 4 which may be a T-iron as shown in FIG. 2. The T-iron has a vertical body 4 and horizontal side flanges 5. In the vertical part of the iron there are holes for the suspension 3. The suspension must be mounted in such a manner that the profiles 4 are arranged in parallel and at intervals corresponding to the boards 6 which are to be suspended. It is moreover important that the suspension is adjusted in such a manner that the side flanges 5 are on the same level. The boards 6 which may be plaster boards can have holes or slits as shown in FIG. 3. This contributes to achieving good acoustics and boards of this type are normally termed baffle boards. They have rectangular shape and their lower side edge may be bevelled as appears from FIG. 2. On the back of the boards 6 there are glued two strips, preferably of metal, having different sectional shape as shown in FIG. 2. The outer strip 7 is secured close to one of the side edges of the board 6 so that the bent piece protrudes beyond the board. The bend itself is such that the strip abuts on the upper side of the side flange so that the back of the board is clear of the underside of the flange as shown in FIG. 2. The other strip 8 is placed a distance within the board 6 corresponding to the full flange width 5 of the profile 4. The strip 8 is bent as shown in FIG. 2 thus producing a groove for accomodating a side flange 5 so as to form a hinge-like joint on which the board 6 may be tipped as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 1. The board 6 can now be placed in the suspension in that the boards are one by one pushed over the profile from above until a side flange 5 enters the groove of the strip 8. Then the boards may slide down until the strip 7 abuts on a side flange 5 of an adjacent profile. The process is continued until the entire ceiling is mounted. As the boards loosely abuts on the side flanges 5, they can be lifted and be taken down as desired without any use of tools. The strips 7,8 are preferably glued to the boards but they can naturally be secured in some other way for example by forming an integral part of the surface cover. The length of the strips 7,8 appears from FIG. 3 and is such that the strips are clear of each other when the boards are substantially square and are placed on top of each other with the strips facing each other and the boards turned 90° in relation to each other. In this manner the strips will support the overlying board along all four sides and thus prevent the boards from cracking or being bent. Although the specification describes boards with plaster, it is within the scope of the invention to replace the plaster with some other filling material since the suspension may advantageously be used by boards made of other materials. It is possible to glue a not shown insulating layer of mineral wool onto the back of the boards and this insulating layer may be placed as the ceiling is mounted. This contributes to optimum insulation and sound absorption.
A tweet from the universe transforms physics and cosmology Detection of gravitational waves opens “a new window on the universe” By Eleonora Presani, PhD Posted on 1 March 2016 Share story: When the LIGO Scientific Collaboration announced they had detected gravitational waves, the implications for science were massive. Transformative ideas are the essence of scientific progress, and at Elsevier, we believe that pursuing the big questions is easier when researchers can get their arms around the world of science. That’s why we are committed to helping scientists of every discipline connect with the right minds, the right tools and the right research to ask the big questions. Here, Elsevier Publisher and particle physicist Dr. Eleonora Presani has written an article to mark this occasion, and Elsevier recently published a virtual special issue on Gravitational Waves, which you can also view here. In addition, the Editor-in-Chief of Annals of Physics explains what gravitational waves on the Late Show with Stephen Colbert. On February 11, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration announced an incredible result: their instrument detected gravitational waves – a brief and feeble sound from the universe, like a tweet. This was the first time in history that scientists have observed gravitational waves and black holes, and the implications for science are massive. What are gravitational waves? Gravitational waves exist as a consequence of the theory of General Relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915. Einstein expanded and generalized the Newtonian theory describing both space and time as geometrical coordinates. In particular, he explained how space time can be represented by a curved surface in which curvature depends on the energy and acceleration of the masses present in that surface. Think of having an elastic-tight surface and throwing heavy weights on it: heavier weights at higher speed will create deeper “ripples” in the surface. At the same time, the efforts to directly detect gravitational waves started not so long ago: only with modern technology have scientists been able to measure such small effects. In the early 1990s, the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) experiment was funded by physics professors Dr. Kip Thorne and Dr. Ronald Drever of the California Institute of Technology and Dr. Rainer Weiss of MIT. Around the same time on the other side of the ocean, France and Italy joined forces to build the VIRGO Detector with the same purpose of LIGO. While these two detectors are the ones that signed the latest discovery, they are not the only ones. GEO600 in Sarstedt, Germany, and the Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA), operated by the University of Tokyo in the Kamioka Observatory in Japan, are also actively searching for gravitational waves. Explaining gravitational waves on the Late Show with Stephen Colbert To really understand the importance of this discovery, check out the late-night TV appearance of Prof. Brian Greene, Co-director of Columbia University’s Institute for Strings, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics and the new Editor-in-Chief of Elsevier’s journal Annals of Physics. On the popular talk show hosted by Stephen Colbert, Dr. Greene refers to it as “a huge discovery not only confirming Einstein’s ideas but also opening a whole new way of exploring the universe” – to which Colbert quips, “So does he seem even smarter now that he used to seem?” And when Colbert sums up Einstein’s legacy by saying, “Scientists are still doing his homework from a hundred years ago,” Dr. Greene agrees: “Everything I have been doing in my career has been in some sense trying to push forward on the path that he first blazed.” Like the waves of the sea, gravitational waves can be thought of as linear waves propagating though space. It makes sense, therefore, to expect that all these detectors would measure the same gravitational wave when it happens. In fact, using the coincidence between all the different detectors around the world drastically increases the precision of the measurement. The detection principle they employ is always the same: they measure the interference pattern between two laser beams and notice if the pattern is being perturbed by a gravitational wave. Easy to say, but not so easy to do! This perturbation is expected to be extremely faint, so a lot of work is required to make sure the interference pattern is maintained very constant and controlled. Empowering Knowledge Elsevier is celebrating the unsung, the unseen and the yet unknown. We are proud to support collaboration and innovation every day through information and smart tools – and in special ways, like the global health challenge you can watch and read about here. For more stories about the people and projects empowered by knowledge, we invite you to visit Empowering Knowledge. Why the wait? This is why, while the measurement was made in September, researchers published their results only in February. Researchers spent several months checking and double-checking the measurement, analyzing the background, looking for any possible source of error or mislead. Unfortunately, when the gravitational wave event crossed Earth on September 14, 2015, only LIGO was operational to make the measurement. The other detector sensitive enough to make this detection, VIRGO, was offline to set up a series of upgrades to improve its sensitivity (LIGO just came back online the previous February, as Advanced LIGO). But the Advanced LIGO has instruments in two locations (Hanford, Washington, and Livingston, Louisiana), and both sites detected the gravitational wave at approximately the same time (the 7 milliseconds in between the two measurements account for the time taken by the wave to travel that distance). This gave enough confidence to the collaboration to announce the discovery; the chances were just one in over 3.5 million that the signal was due to background. The significance for science Using this double detection, it was also possible to triangulate the origin of this specific gravitational wave, called GW150914. Triangulation is the same method used to measure the position and distance of an approaching ship: for example, by observing an object from two known points and measuring the angle of observation, it is possible to obtain the coordinates of the observed object with the Pythagorean principle. At the same time, the shape and properties of the wave allowed the researchers to understand that it has been produced by the merging of two black holes 1.3 billion light years away from us: one of about 29 solar masses and the other of about 36 solar masses. These black holes generated individually from the death of very massive start, have been rotating around each other for their entire life, million of years, but only in the last 20 milliseconds did they collapse onto each other, releasing energy in the form of gravitational waves. While we can’t see that energy in the form of light or electromagnetic radiation, it was an immense quantity of energy: in those 20 milliseconds, the double black hole system released 50 times more energy than all the luminous energy produced by all the stars in the universe combined. The discovery of gravitational waves has opened a new era for physics and cosmology. The articles in Elsevier’s Virtual Special Issue have contributed to the advancement of gravitational waves studies, and to establishing them as a unique tool to understand problems ranging from the origin of the universe to the structure of space-time around black holes and other astrophysical objects. This is one of the reasons – if not the most important reason – this discovery is so important. The ability to detect and measure gravitational waves opens a new window on the universe for humanity. Until now, we mostly relied on electromagnetic radiation to understand what’s happening in the universe: we can measure this radiation on an extremely wide range of wavelengths, from the lower energy radio or microwave emissions to the extremely high energy gamma rays. We can understand phenomena in the universe via their nuclear emissions, measuring secondary particles. We have learned a great deal using these means, and we will continue to do so. But now we can do much more. Light and particles produced by stars very far away may be stopped along their way towards our detectors. They can find obstacles, such as other stars or galaxies, that will forbid them from reaching us. Besides, it is very difficult for us to know precisely the origin of a specific light we observe, since it is mixed up with a lot of background generated by other sources. On the other hand, gravitational waves are not stopped by obstacles along the way. Gravitational waves are generated by very specific events in the universe that involve movement of huge masses, such as black holes, galactic cores or massive stars. They pass through matter undisturbed and reach us carrying all the information we need about these objects. They are a new way to see the universe. It’s like being able to listen to sounds after only being able to look at lights. Which leads us to recognize the importance of this discovery from another point of view. This is the first direct observation of a black hole, let alone a merger of a double black hole system. By definition, black holes won’t let any light escape from their surface, making it very hard for us to detect their presence since we normally only observe light. We have inferred the existence of black holes thanks to X-ray emissions of objects that were falling into a black hole, or by looking at the gravitational lensing effects of starlight arriving to us distorted by the presence of a black hole. But GW150914 is the first direct measurement of a black hole. Theoretically, we already knew it was possible to have a double black hole system; after all, double star systems are very common in the universe. And we know that two stars orbiting around each other lose angular momentum and eventually collapse into each other. But the conditions to have two very massive black holes orbiting each other and merging into an even bigger black hole are not easy to obtain. Researchers were not sure they could take place within the current age of the universe. So this observation has another great value to add to our understating of star evolution. But the implications of this discovery go much further. We now can hope to measure primordial gravitational waves, produced when the universe was born during the Big Bang. It propels us forward in our understanding of elementary particle physics, putting very tight limits on the mass of the graviton. This observation, in fact, tells us that gravitational waves travel at the speed of light, which means that gravity has an infinite range (like the electromagnetic field, and contrary to the strong or weak nuclear interactions). We are therefore entering in a new era of physics – an era in which we can listen more carefully to what the universe is telling us. Elsevier Connect Contributor Before Dr. Eleonora Presani (@HEPPublisher) joined Elsevier in 2012, she was a particle physicist at CERN. As a publisher, she is responsible for 14 academic journals in Nuclear and High Energy Physics, including Physics Letters B, Nuclear Physics A, Nuclear Physics B, Nuclear Instruments and Methods and Physics of the Dark Universe. Her role is to organize and improve the editorial processes, appoint editors and attend international conferences.
The term Quantum Physics is generally just intimidating. It’s sort of odd, and it might seem counter-intuitive, even for the physicists who deal with it every day. But this isn’t nonsensical. If you’re reading something about quantum physics, there are actually six main concepts that you should bear in mind. Do that, and you’ll find quantum mechanics much easier to understand. All is made of waves; particles, too. There are a lot of ways to start this kind of conversation, and this is as good as any: everything in the universe has both a particle and a wave existence at the same time. There is a line in Greg Bear’s fantasy ideology (The Infinity Concerto and The Serpent Mage) where a character explaining the fundamentals of magic says, “Everything is waves, nothing waves, no distance at all.” I’ve always liked that as a poetic definition of quantum physics—deep down, everything in the universe has wave nature. All in the universe, of course, also has a particle nature. This sounds totally insane, but it’s an experimental reality that has been carried out by a remarkably familiar process: Of course, defining actual objects as both particles and waves is inherently a little imprecise. Properly speaking, the phenomena mentioned in quantum physics are not particles or waves, but a third category that shares some of the properties of waves (a characteristic frequency and wavelength, some distributed over space) and some of the properties of particles (they are usually countable and can be localised to some degree). This leads to some vigorous discussion within the physics education community as to whether it is really acceptable to speak about light as a particle in intro physics courses; not because there is some dispute as to whether light is of a particle type, but because calling photons “particles” rather than “quantum field excitement” could lead to some student misconceptions. I tend not to agree with this, since many of the same questions may be posed about naming electrons ‘particles,’ but it is a credible source of blog conversations. This “door number three” nature of quantum objects is expressed in the often confusing vocabulary that physicists use to speak about quantum phenomena. The Higgs boson was discovered as a particle in the Large Hadron Collider, but you’ll also hear physicists talking about the “Higgs field” as a delocalized thing that fills all space. This occurs because in certain cases, such as collider experiments, it is more convenient to address Higgs field excitement in a way that emphasises particle-like characteristics, whereas in other circumstances, such as general discussion of why those particles have mass, it is more convenient to discuss physics in terms of interactions with a universe-filled quantum field. It’s just a different language that describes the same mathematical object. Discrete Quantum Physics The word “quantum” comes from the Latin for “how many,” and it refers to the fact that quantum models often contain something that comes in discrete quantities. Quantum fields contain energy that is integer multiples of some fundamental energy. This is related to the frequency and wavelength of light, with high-frequency, short-wavelength light having a broad characteristic energy and low-frequency, long-wavelength light having a small characteristic energy. However, in all cases, the total energy present in a light field is an integer multiple of that energy— 1, 2, 14, 137 times— never a strange fraction like one-and-a-half or the square root of two. This property can also be seen in atoms’ distinct energy levels and solids’ energy bands, where some energy values are permitted while others are not. Because of the discrete existence of quantum physics, atomic clocks operate by using the frequency of light associated with a transition between two permitted states in cesium to hold time at a level that does not necessitate the much-discussed “leap second” introduced last week. Ultra-precise spectroscopy can also be used to search for dark matter, which is one of the reasons for the establishment of a low-energy fundamental physics institute. Also fundamentally quantum phenomena like black-body radiation tend to include continuous distributions, which isn’t always clear. However, digging into the mathematics shows a granularity to the underlying truth, which is a large part of what contributes to the theory’s strangeness. Quantum mechanics is a probabilistic science One of the most shocking and (at least historically) contentious aspects of quantum physics is that the result of a single experiment on a quantum system cannot be predicted with certainty. When physicists predict the outcome of an experiment, they always give a probability for discovering each of the specific possible outcomes, and comparisons between theory and experiment always include inferring probability distributions from a large number of repeated experiments. A “wavefunction” is a mathematical representation of a quantum system, which is usually expressed in equations by the Greek letter psi:. There’s a lot of debate on what this wavefunction represents, and it’s divided into two camps: those who believe the wavefunction is a real physical thing (jargon term: “ontic” theories), and those who believe the wavefunction is merely an expression of our knowledge (or lack thereof) about the universe (“epistemic” theories). The probability of finding an outcome is not explicitly supplied by the wavefunction in either class of fundamental model, but by the square of the wavefunction (loosely speaking; the wavefunction is a complex mathematical entity (meaning it includes imaginary numbers like the square root of negative one), and the operation to get probability is slightly more involved, but “square of the wavefunction”). The “Born Law,” named after German physicist Max Born, who proposed it (in a footnote to a paper in 1926), is seen by some as an unattractive afterthought. Some sections of the quantum foundations group are working hard to find a way to derive the Born rule from a more fundamental principle; so far, none of them have been completely effective, but it’s generating a lot of interesting research. This is also the function of the theory that allows particles to live in several states at the same time. Only probability can be predicted, and before a calculation that decides a specific outcome, the system being evaluated is in an indeterminate state that mathematically maps to a superposition of all possible outcomes of varying probabilities. If you think of this as the system being in all of the states at once or only one unknown state depends a lot on how you feel about ontic versus epistemic models, but all are constrained by the next point on the list: Quantum physics is a nonlocal technology The last major contribution Einstein made to physics was underappreciated, largely because he was incorrect. Einstein made a simple mathematical statement of something that had been troubling him for some time, a concept that we now call “entanglement,” in a 1935 paper with his younger colleagues Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen (the “EPR paper”). According to the EPR paper, quantum physics permitted the existence of systems in which measurements taken at widely separated locations could be correlated in such a way that the outcome of one was decided by the outcome of the other. They claimed that this meant that the measurement results had to be predetermined by some common factor, since the alternative would entail sending the result of one measurement to the position of the other at speeds greater than the speed of light. Thus, quantum mechanics must be incomplete, a mere approximation to a deeper theory (a “local hidden variable” theory, in which the results of a particular measurement are determined by a factor common to both systems in an entangled pair (the “hidden variable”), rather than something further away from the measurement location than a signal might travel at the speed of light (“local”). For around thirty years, this was thought to be a curious footnote since there appeared to be no way to test it, but in the mid-1960s, Irish physicist John Bell carried out the implications of the EPR paper in greater detail. Bell demonstrated that quantum mechanics can predict stronger correlations between distant measurements than any other conceivable theory of the kind favoured by E, P, and R. This was tested experimentally by John Clauser in the mid-1970s, and Alain Aspect’s early 1980s experiments are generally regarded as conclusively demonstrating that these intertwined structures cannot be explained by any local hidden variable theory. The most common explanation for this finding is that quantum mechanics is non-local, meaning that the results of measurements taken at a specific location can be influenced by the properties of distant objects in ways that cannot be clarified using light-speed signals. This does not, however, allow for the transmission of information at speeds greater than the speed of light, despite several attempts to do so using quantum non-locality. Refuting these has proven to be a remarkably fruitful endeavour; for more information, see David Kaiser’s How the Hippies Saved Physics. Quantum non-locality is also at the core of the information issue in evaporating black holes, as well as the “firewall” debate that has ignited a lot of recent debate. There are even some radical ideas involving a mathematical relation between entangled particles and wormholes, as defined in the EPR paper. The Scale of Quantum Physics Is (Mostly) Miniscule Quantum physics has a reputation for being odd because its predictions, at least for humans, are radically different from our daily experience. This happens because the effects involved get smaller as the objects get bigger—if you want to see unmistakably quantum action, you essentially want the particles to behave like waves, and the wavelength decreases as the momentum rises. The wavelength of a macroscopic object like a dog walking around the room is so ridiculously small that if you were to expand it so that a single atom in the room would be the size of the entire Solar System, the dog’s wavelength would be around the size of a single atom inside that solar system. This implies that, for the most part, quantum phenomena are limited to the size of atoms and fundamental particles, where the masses and velocity are small enough for the wavelengths to be large enough to be studied directly. There is an ongoing initiative in a bunch of places, however, to push the scale of systems exhibiting quantum effects to larger sizes. I’ve blogged a bunch of studies by Markus Arndt’s group showing wave-like activity in larger and larger molecules, and there are a bunch of groups in “cavity optomechanics” trying to use light to slow down the motion of chunks of silicon to the point that the discreet quantum nature of the motion will become apparent. There are also rumours that it may be possible to do this with suspended mirrors having masses of a few grammes, which would be wonderfully awesome. Quantum Physics Is Not Magical The previous argument leads very naturally to this one: as strange as it might seem, quantum physics is not magic at all. Stuff that he predicts is strange to the norms of ordinary physics, but they are rigorously limited by well-understood mathematical rules and principles. So, if anyone comes up with a “quantum” concept that sounds too good to be true—free energy, magical healing abilities, unimaginable space drives—almost it’s definitely true. That doesn’t mean that we can’t use quantum physics to do incredible stuff—you can find some pretty interesting physics in worldly technology—but those things remain well within the limits of the thermodynamics laws and just simple common sense. So there you have it: the basics of quantum physics. I have probably left a few items out or made some comments that are not sufficiently correct to please everybody, but this should at least serve as a valuable starting point for further discussion.	https://badassape.com/what-is-quantum-physics-6-things-you-should-know-about-quantum-physics/
City spatial development is strongly connected with the transport systems development. One of the spatial structure model type could determine implementation of the ecofriendly transport, whilst the other could affect against of the sustainable transport system. We consider three spatial development of the city models: linear city, radiant city and grid city. The article presents analysis of each city models, taking into account the implementation of the ecofriendly transport system modes and impact on the transport congestion reduction. Based on that, the evaluation criteria was proposed. Including the multicriteria decision-making models the best type of the city structure model was selected. The chosen criteria consider the transportation aspects (pedestrian accessibility, public transport accessibility, level of the public transport service for the area, bicycle infrastructure development, car traffic distribution) and the urban planning issue (polycentric city direction, the spatial intensity around the public transport stops, distance limitation, the city development possibilities). The article presents also the case study for Polish city (Warsaw) – as one type of the city structure model, where the integration between the spatial development and transport system was tested. Keywords: transport mobility, sustainable urban planning, rapid agglomeration railway, ecofriendly cities, green areas Libadmin2018 Articles by this author - PAPER. CRAFT AND INDUSTRY. SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE - ROLE OF CULTURAL BUILDINGS IN THE CITY - SIGNS ON MEGALITHS IN THE ENVIRONS OF ELVA AND EVORA IN PORTUGAL - SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT CITY MODELS IN TRANSPORT SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY ISSUE - COMFORT AND COHESION IN OUTDOOR AND SEMI OUTDOOR SPACES IN SANLIURFA TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE, TURKEY - [...] en AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE Papers SGEM2018 ? © Copyright 2001 International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference & EXPO SGEM. All Rights Reserved.	https://sgem.org/sgemlib/spip.php?article13529
The Seymour aquifer consists mainly of the scattered erosional remnants of the Seymour Formation of Pleistocene age. The aquifer has been referred to in the literature as the "north-central Texas alluvial aquifers" because it is in 22 separate areas of alluvium in parts of 20 Texas counties in the upper Red and upper Brazos River Basins (fig. 32). The areas are predominantly in the Central Lowland Physiographic Province; only parts of the five westernmost areas are in the Great Plains Province. Average annual precipitation in the area ranges from 19 to 26 inches, and average annual runoff ranges from 0.2 to 1 inch. The aquifer generally has less than 100 feet of saturated thickness, but it is an important source of water for domestic, municipal, and irrigation needs. HYDROGEOLOGY During Pleistocene time, the eroded bedrock surface, which was developed mostly on poorly permeable red beds of Permian age, was covered by the Seymour Formation. The Seymour Formation consists of clay, silt, sand, and gravel that were deposited by eastward-flowing streams. Subsequent erosion left scattered remnants of the Seymour Formation mostly in interstream areas, and some of the eroded material was redeposited, thus forming the younger alluvium and alluvial terraces in stream valleys. The younger deposits are similar in composition to the Seymour Formation and compose part of the Seymour aquifer (fig. 33). Areal extents of the individual alluvial areas range from about 20 square miles for an area in Baylor County to about 430 square miles for an area that spans Haskell and Knox Counties. Saturated thickness locally is as much as 100 feet but usually ranges between 20 and 60 feet. Water in the aquifer generally is unconfined; however, it may be confined locally by beds of clay. The alluvium is recharged mainly by direct infiltration of precipitation that falls on the land surface. Ground water moves toward points of discharge along streams or toward pumping wells. Yields of wells completed in the alluvium range from less than 100 to as much as 1,300 gallons per minute and average about 300 gallons per minute. The chemical quality of water in the alluvial aquifer ranges from fresh to slightly saline. In some areas, the water is hard and contains dissolved-solids concentrations in excess of 2,500 milligrams per liter; consequently, its suitability for some uses is restricted. About 4.5 million acre-feet of fresh to slightly saline water was estimated to be in storage in the Seymour aquifer in 1974. About 75 percent of this water, or about 3.4 million acre-feet, was estimated to be recoverable. An estimated 120 million gallons per day was withdrawn from the Seymour aquifer during 1959. About 94 percent was used for irrigation, and the remainder, for public and industrial supplies. More than 50 percent of the total withdrawal was for irrigation in the area that spans Haskell and Knox Counties. SEYMOUR AQUIFER IN HASKELL AND KNOX COUNTIES The part of the Seymour aquifer that is most intensively developed is in Haskell and Knox Counties, and is the largest continuous part of the aquifer. The Seymour aquifer is the only available source of water for moderate to large irrigation supplies in the local area. The aquifer furnished water to more than 2,000 irrigation wells during 1976; it also is a widely used source for domestic and livestock watering supplies. The areal extent of this part of the aquifer is about 430 square miles. Saturated thickness of the aquifer is generally 20 to 40 feet but is as much as 60 feet in northern Haskell County (fig. 34). Buried channels and valleys on the surface of the Permian red beds are areas where the Seymour Formation is thick and consists of coarse grained material. Sand and gravel that form productive aquifers are generally in the lower part of the Seymour Formation. The hydrogeologic section in figure 35 is located along the maximum length of the aquifer from western Haskell County to eastern Knox County, and shows that the Seymour Formation overlies the Clear Fork Group of Permian age. The younger alluvium and alluvial terraces along the Brazos River are at lower altitudes and are not in hydraulic connection with the Seymour Formation. The slope of the potentiometric surface of the Seymour aquifer generally conforms to the slope of the land surface and to the surface of the underlying Permian rocks. The altitude of the potentiometric surface in January 1977 (fig. 36) indicates that ground water moved generally northward toward the Brazos River from a high area on the potentiometric surface in central Haskell County. Wells completed in the Seymour aquifer are typically 40 to 60 feet deep. Well yields average about 270 gallons per minute and are as great as 1,300 gallons per minute. Transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from 2,700 to more than 40,000 feet squared per day and averages 13,400 feet squared per day. The chemical quality of the ground water is extremely variable. Concentrations of dissolved solids range from 300 to 3,000 milligrams per liter; most values are between 400 and 1,000 milligrams per liter. Ground-water contamination is a problem in some areas and is related mainly to pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture and to human and animal wastes (septic tanks, barnyards, feedlots, and sewage-treatment plants). Contamination from brine disposal and leakage from wells that are or were a part of oilfield activities is expected to remain a localized problem. FRESH GROUND-WATER WITHDRAWALS Withdrawals of freshwater from the Seymour aquifer totaled about 121 million gallons per day during 1985 (fig. 37). Approximately 110 million gallons per day was withdrawn for agricultural purposes, the principal water use. About 9 million gallons per day was withdrawn for public supply, and about 1 million gallons per day was pumped for domestic and commercial uses. About 1 million gallons per day was withdrawn for industrial, mining, and thermoelectric-power uses.	https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/ha730/ch_e/E-text4.html
They need to decide, for example, what household items are shared, who should pay for what and what kind of lifestyle for their grown-up children parents should help support. Two in three single people in their 20s are now living with their parents, which equates to about three million men and women. Loughborough University’s Centre for Research in Social Policy investigated what families such as these need as a minimum to live on, and what determines their living standards. The research, Family sharing – A minimum income standard for people in their 20s living with parents, talked to both young adults and parents living in such households, discussing present-day norms of how they share living arrangements and expenses. It found that living with your parents in your 20s is seen as a normal expectation, without stigma, for young adults today. The high cost of renting or buying independent accommodation, and in some cases the desire to save up to achieve such independence in the future, were seen as the driving forces for living ‘at home’ with parents. Living together means saving together The study, funded by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, found that such families make large savings from living together. Overall, the minimum cost of living* for a single person and their parents was calculated as £135-a-week less living together than living separately: minimum weekly costs are £303 for a single person renting their own flat, £472 for a couple renting a family home with an empty room (a total of £775), or £640 for these three people living together. The biggest saving was rent, accounting for £91 – other savings came mainly from council tax and utilities (£30) and from household goods (£7). The main effect of these savings is to make life much cheaper for the young adult: typically, parents buy most shared household items such as food and household goods and cover the cost of accommodation. Both parents and young adults in the study thought that it was fair that a son or daughter who is earning should make a contribution towards board but said that there is no consistent basis on which to determine the level of this contribution, which would vary with the financial circumstances and attitudes of those involved. The study found that without a board contribution, the cost of having a grown-up son or daughter at home adds an estimated £24 a week to parents’ expenses, so a board contribution of at least this amount would be needed to avoid them being out of pocket (this can be seen as a contribution allowing parents to break even). This does not include the cost to parents of living in larger accommodation than they would need than if they down-sized after children grew up and left home. However, participants in the study felt that most parents would want to keep a home large enough for their children to come back to if necessary when they were still in their 20s, since unstable living and employment arrangements could fall through. Move out: Double the cost of living For a young adult contributing enough in board to allow their parents to break even, overall living costs are 45% lower than if they rented a flat independently. This reduces the amount that they would need to earn to achieve a minimum standard of living from £18,000-a-year renting their own flat, to £9,000-a-year living with their parents. Katherine Hill, lead researcher on the project, said: “This kind of sharing can bring big savings to families, and make it easier for a young adult to make ends meet than if they lived independently. “However, those who feel they have little choice but to live with their parents may need to make compromises around privacy and independence. “Our research showed that it can be difficult for families to find satisfactory ways of sharing costs and other arrangements, where relationships are based more on emotional ties rather than formal negotiations. “Parents want to help their sons and daughters to save money, but do not want to be taken for granted or delay them taking financial responsibility. “And while parents who own their homes and have a good income may have sufficient resources to help reduce costs for their grown-up children, parents on lower incomes can struggle to do so, and may have different expectations about who pays for what." Professor Donald Hirsch, Director of the Centre for Research in Social Policy, added: “We talk a lot about living standards for single people or for families with dependent children, but not as much about families where grown-up sons or daughters live with their parents, about which there has been little prior research. “This is becoming a distinct phase of life for many families, which can last several years. What happens in these years affects not just the lives of people in their early years of adulthood, but also the well-being of parents. “It can extend the time that they devote resources to their children, which can potentially create difficulties for families on low incomes and for parents who are entering retirement. “In particular, the expectation that parents will maintain a family-sized home well after their children become adults can mean that they may need to rethink retirement plans. “Over the long term, more people are expected to reach retirement as private tenants rather than owning their homes, and this group will find it hard to maintain a high rent for a family home when no longer earning.” The study was based on a series of five focus groups with adults aged 20-30 living with their parents, and with parents living with their sons or daughters aged 20-30, which took place in 2018. *The minimum cost of living on which these findings are based refers to the Minimum Income Standard (MIS). This is an amount calculated for each family based on what members of the public think you need to meet your material needs and participate in society. Further details of the MIS research programme carried out by the Centre for Research in Social Policy can be found here.	https://www.lboro.ac.uk/news-events/news/2019/january/cost-of-living-with-parents/
The Cookie Jar Preschool follows the Wild Rose School Division (WRSD) calendar, therefore scheduled days off for the WRSD, will also be observed for Cookie Jar Preschool students. View the WRSD Calendar. Statutory holidays and school closures due to inclement weather are beyond the control of school Administrators, therefore these days will not be made up and no reimbursements will be offered.	https://www.cookiejarpreschool.ca/terms.htm
Where is it? Is it simply by-passing my eye muscles or is something more ghastly going on? Is it behind something? Has it been left behind somewhere? My greatest fear: it is among a number of books that I have been careless enough to leave in a box somewhere, lost forever. Without a full inventory of what books I own, I won't be able to confirm or refute the 'missing box of books' theory. I have three bookcases in the living room, shelves running around the ceiling in the hallway, and more shelves in my bedroom. There are of course numerous ways to go about organizing your books, and the best list of these was compiled by Georges Perec for his essay 'Brief Notes on the Art and Manner of Arranging One's Books', which was published in 1978. I once belived I had my system perfected. When we were living in Seven Sisters, I finally, after spending many hours, got every volume I owned in what I considered at the time to be the perfect order, according to a system was a hybrid of alphabetization, thematic association and biographical sensitivity. (Authors who hated each other in life should not be placed side by side on the shelf; Cocteau and Radiguet are inseparable, and not even the alphabet can come between them.) On those Seven Sisters shelves, they formed a spectrum of authors, flowing seemlessly from one to the next, making finding a particular book more intuitive than logical. But this system broke down when we moved house. For the purposes of putting them into boxes, I grouped small books with small books and big ones with big. By the time we'd moved another two times, my library was chaos again. Where the hell is that Tati biography? Is it possible I lent it to someone? Did I lend it to you? Whoever has it, can I have it back? The same goes to anyone else who's got one of my books. You know who you are. You're all making me miserable. Changing addresses is obviously the enemy of book order. I moved out and lived in a series of strange warehouses last year, taking with me one box of what I considered to be the twenty or so books I really felt I couldn't face being without: my 'Desert Island books', if you like. They included: The Great Fire of London (Roubaud), Gargantua and Pantagruel (Rabelais), Locus Solus (Roussel), the complete letters of Erik Satie, I Am A Beautiful Monster (a collection of writings by Picabia) and The People's Almanac # 2. These books thus got separated from my main library and still sit separately from their natural companions. \|Missing.\| Where is it? I expected to find it next to that weird little badly translated book The Films of Jacques Tati by Michael Chion (Guernica, 2003), but it's not. That's going to bug me. David Bellos also wrote that fat biography of Georges Perec, which I'd had for years and finally got round to reading while on holiday in Thailand a couple of years ago. It's an impressive piece of research, and well told, but it lacked any Perecqian mischief. Now that I'm in my mid-thirties, I'm a big fan of biographies. The story is always the same: how the 'x' (lower case), whom we don't know, became the 'X' (capital), whom we recognize and love. A good biography will make this transformation seem surprising and fresh. A dull biography will make it seem inevitable. It is as if there are two levels of that 'how': a 'technical how' and a 'deep how', akin to a 'why'. Let's try to explore the 'deep how'. How did I lose that book? How? I left it in a pub? Really? How did I do that? How? Deep how.	http://tingtinglongtingtingfala.blogspot.co.uk/2011/02/
After a stressful day of classes, a restless bus ride,and a soccer game for good measure, junior midfielder Jake Martin just wants to eat. “I’ll admit it,” Martin said. “I’ve been known to sprint off the bus to get to the front of the line at restaurants for post-game meals.” “I’m not above playfully pushing my friends out of the way,” he continues. “I’m usually starving, and I could use a cheeseburger or six,” he says with a sly smile. Rewind to earlier in the day. The men’s soccer team is set to depart for Bluffton University at noon. Martin realizes its in his best interest to pick up lunch at the union beforehand or his stomach will be growling. Pre-game meals will likely include small sandwiches or chicken Caesar salads prepared by Chartwells food services along with chips and bananas. “In my opinion, the quality of food is pretty good, but sometimes I wish the portions are a bit larger,” said Martin. “Either way, I don’t risk anything. You better believe my bag is packed full of snacks and drinks before we leave.” After the Bluffton victory, Martin found himself sitting with the rest of the team, enjoying a celebratory Wendy’s meal. “As athletes, you might expect something healthier than fast food after games,” he said. “But I don’t think you’ll find any of us complaining!” Martin’s experiences are very similar to the experiences of other athletes on Manchester sports teams. “The meals usually consist of a small sub sandwich, a bag of pretzels, and normally a banana,” said senior offensive lineman Brady Nyland. “Post-game is normally something pretty dense from a restaurant near where we’re playing, something like a box of pizza, KFC, or Penn Station.” Although it’s not always gourmet food on the menu for Manchester athletes, junior defender and two-year captain Matthew Roop, notes that the athletes can be treated to special meals occasionally. “Last year we spent a weekend in Chicago,” Roop said. “After eating a delicious meal prepared for us by Josh Gonzalez’s family, at the time a freshman striker on the team, Coach Bruggeman took the team to a local, sit-down pizza restaurant the following day.” “It wasn’t your average meal with the team,” continued Roop. “I think all the fellas really enjoyed the special occasion. Whenever I think of the Chicago trip, I think less about the two soccer games we played, and more about the bonding we did as a team. That includes unusual occurrences,such as meals with my teammates.” Nyland, echoing Roop’s thoughts, noted the memories behind the meals are more memorable than the meals themselves. “The best experience of a post-game meal would have to be when we got Buffalo Wild Wings my sophomore yearafter a victory against Anderson University. The food was great, but the win was way sweeter.” Meanwhile, Martin understands that not every meal will make him reminisce about the good times spent with teammates since his “competitive, hungry spirit” tends to reappear once the team arrives at restaurants.	https://tongthoughts.com/2018/10/01/meals-forge-tighter-bonds-with-teammates/
Smoothie time! I am always on the search for ways to get my toddler to eat veggies. If I put a salad in front of him I'd expect nothing less than 'I no want it Mumia'. He just doesn't go for fresh veg. He does enjoy a few cooked dishes but generally fresh veg is out of the question. I started making smoothies for myself in the AM for a quick healthy breakfast that I can have on the go. He started asking for sips, and surprisingly (surprisingly only because there are a bunch of green in it) he liked it! So, I purchased a kids smoothie cup from the supermarket. It's a plastic jar like cup with a screw on lid that has a wide straw sitting in it. The straw has a stopper at the end so he can't pull it out and everything stays relatively contained. So the smoothie has- 2-3 tbl spoons chia seeds (soaked in water) 2 bananas 1 cup blueberries 1 handfuls of baby spinach 1 handful of kale sometimes 1/3 of a cucumber - peeled sometimes partially steamed carrots This is enough for all three of us. I prep the chia seeds the night before usually and let them soak overnight, this also makes it a bit quicker in the AM. When they are soaked, they become gelatinous and give the smoothie a thicker consistency. They don't add any taste but they are a 'superfood' so thats kick ass! In the AM I chuck the bananas into the blender (sometimes if I have super ripe bananas I will peel, quarter and put in a container in the freezer, which makes the smoothie nice and cold!), along with the berries and greens. If I have time the night before to partially steam some carrot pieces, I'll put them in too because they are sweet and when slightly softer, just disappear into the smoothie and unbeknownst to the kid, he's having more veggies! I don't know if it's pure luck or pure genius, but he LOVES it and the whole family have a smoothie every morning. Al and Otie with their breakfast and I tend to take it with me in a container to work and sip it throughout the morning to keep me going. The other great thing about this smoothie cup is that anything that is blended is now classed as a 'smoothie' to Otis. So he started asking for his blended veggie soup in his cup and he guzzles it down like a madman! He calls it 'soup smoothie' and often asks for it for dinner. AMAZING.	https://indiana-avent.squarespace.com/fam-bam-food/2018/1/17/smoothie-time
This position closes on Friday, November 16, 2018. The San Mateo County Transit District is the administrative body for public transit and transportation programs in San Mateo County, California: SamTrans bus service, including Redi-Wheels paratransit service, Caltrain commuter rail service and the managing agency for the San Mateo County Transportation Authority. The District transports approximately 32 million customers a year and is one of the nation’s top transit agencies. We look forward to continuing our leading role in meeting the transportation challenges of the future. The San Mateo County Transit District’s Rail Division seeks a Manager, Rail Operations to be responsible for overseeing and evaluating the Caltrain commuter rail service operations and operating rules for the Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board (Caltrain). The Manager, Rail Operations will develop and finalize Caltrain service and operating plans through coordination with Rail Planning and Contract Operators, manage the day to day Caltrain customer experience, respond to operational and customer service issues, monitor and audit contract operator operational and regulatory performance and be responsible for updates to Caltrain-specific modifications to the General Code of Operating Rules (GCOR). The incumbent will also provide immediate (24/7) interface with contract operator for operational, and customer service issues, as well as monitor and evaluate the implementation of train service delivery, operating plans and public timetables and monitor, evaluate and report on rail operations, on-time performance, ridership, customer satisfaction and contractor performance/compliance. She or he will collaborate with Government and Community Affairs and Customer Service to address customer issues, evaluate operating and service plans for special events and oversee their implementation, analyze performance reports, operational and customer service trends and identify programs for improvement, monitor operator performance on safety, efficiency testing, standard operating procedures and emergency operations planning, evaluate contractors to determine performance fee payments for services rendered and make presentations in a variety of forums to governing boards, the public and advocacy groups. The ideal candidate will have a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration, Transportation Planning, Operations Analysis or a related field with five (5) years of full-time experience in transit operations, plus two (2) years managing or directly supervising staff. Experience with Railroad Electrification systems and Positive Train Control systems are desirable. Must have effective written and oral communications skills. Must be proficient in Microsoft Office Suite. Valid California driver license with safe driving record is required. Must be able to respond to service and operational emergencies on and around the active railroad 24/7 and in a variety of weather and road conditions. To apply for this position, please visit our website at http://www.smctd.com/jobs.html, and follow the related application instructions. The San Mateo County Transit District (SamTrans) is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer.	https://careers.asq.org/jobs/11617711/manager-rail-operations
ALEX Lesson Plans Subject: Mathematics (8) Title: Distance "The Pythagoras Way" Description: In this lesson, the teacher will demonstrate how to use the Pythagorean Theorem to find distance between two points in the coordinate system. In the coordinate plane, the difference in the x- and y-values will determine the numbers to calculate the distance. This lesson will use online graphing tools as well as graph paper to plot the points. This lesson can also be used to show the relationship between the distance formula and the Pythagorean Theorem. This lesson results from the ALEX Resource Gap Project. Subject: Mathematics (8 - 12) Title: Proofs into Practice: The Pythagorean Theorem in the Real World Description: The introduction of this lesson has students verifying the famous Pythagorean Theorem with a hands-on proof. Students will then apply the Theorem in one of two ways: by solving for the side lengths of a right triangle and by determining whether three side lengths could possibly form a right triangle. Finally, students will choose one of two real-life applicataions to explore, using the Pythagorean Theorem. Thinkfinity Lesson Plans Subject: Mathematics Title: Understanding the Pythagorean Relationship Using Interactive Figures Add Bookmark Description: The Pythagorean relationship, a2 + b2 = c2 (where a and b are the lengths of the legs of a right triangle and c is the hypotenuse), can be demonstrated in many ways, including with visual 'proofs' that require little or no symbolism or explanation. The activity in this example from Illuminations presents one dynamic version of a demonstration of this relationship. e-Math Investigations are selected e-examples from the electronic version of the Principles and Standards of School Mathematics (PSSM). The e-examples are part of the electronic version of the PSSM document. Given their interactive nature and focused discussion tied to the PSSM document, the e-examples are natural companions to the i-Math investigations. Thinkfinity Partner: Illuminations Grade Span: 6,7,8 Subject: Mathematics Title: Proof Without Words: Pythagorean Theorem Add Bookmark Description: In this student interactive, from Illuminations, students watch a dynamic, geometric '' proof without words'' of the Pythagorean Theorem. By clicking on a button, students can see the theorem in action; they are then challenged to explain the proof. Thinkfinity Partner: Illuminations Grade Span:	http://alex.state.al.us/plans2.php?std_id=54063
Binary Decriptors in Feature Matching I just wanted to learn about the feature detectors, descriptors and matchers. I was clear with the detectors and descriptors after my research work and came to know that descriptors are used to describe the detectors found in an image. The descriptors need be rotation, orientation and scale invariant. Every descriptors has a corresponding detector but not the vice versa as every feature can't be described using a descriptor. A clear explanation on this topic is described in opencv.org documents and I have read it. Here is my doubt, After reading this tutorial on Binary Descriptors https://gilscvblog.com/2013/08/26/tut... I got some idea on what it is. In short 1) 512 Pairs of a patch in Image A 2) Compare the intensity of each pair with the 1st value and with the 2nd value in the pair. If 1st value is higher place 1 or else place 0. 3) We will now have about 512 binary digits composing of 1's and 0's. Let it be 101010101010101010.....10101010 4) Same repeat the above 3 steps on a patch with different image 'B' and also we have 512 binary digits. Let's say it be 010101010101010101.....01010101 5) Now perform the hamming distance between those two binary strings (XOR operation) 6) The result after performing the hamming distance is 111111111111111111.....11111111 Here are my questions? 1) What happens after this step? 2) How the lines are drawn from one image to another image. I came to know that we are using some distance matching something like that. I Just wanted to learn in practical what is applied in the image in order to draw the lines in between the descriptors (descriptors matchers - how it is worked). Seeking for a help on this topic.	https://answers.opencv.org/question/95684/binary-decriptors-in-feature-matching/
Bookish Bingo Challenge: Fall 2016 This Bookish Bingo Challenge was created by Bekka over at Pretty Deadly Reviews. It looks like a lot of fun and I am excited to be participating this month. Any way to motivate me to read and review more books is alright by me, and seriously, who doesn’t love Bingo? How to Play: - Every new season has a new bingo card. This one is for books read in the months of September, October and November. - The object is to get as many BINGOs as possible (five across, up and down, or diagonal) - One square per book - You do not have to review these books, or even have a blog, this is simply for books read during the allotted months Here is the card for the Fall Bingo:	https://bookaholicbanter.com/bookish-bingo-challenge-fall-2016
This chicken tortilla soup is one of my personal favorites to batch-cook for freezer meals. By dumping all the ingredients into each Ziplock bag, I can easily whip up several batches of this in little to no more time than it takes to prepare it one. Plus, since it works well in the Crockpot, this is one of the most effortless meals I make. To round out the meal and make the soup stretch even further, we will add filling, fat-rich toppings like siggi’s plain yogurt, diced avocado, Food Should Taste Good multi-grain chips, and freshly shredded cheese. When the soup starts to run out for leftovers or as lunches, we will add on a side of black bean and cheese quesadillas plus bell pepper crudites with guac! Add 1 pound of chicken with 2 cups chicken stock to crockpot for each batch being made. Heat on low for 4-6 hours, or until chicken is easy to shred. Drain juices, and let cool. Once cool, shred chicken using a hand-mixer or KitchenAid. Add shredded chicken and remaining ingredients to Crockpot. Cook for 4-6 hours on high or 8 hours on low. Serve warm, adding freshly shredded cheddar cheese, Greek yogurt (instead of sour cream), sliced avocados, and corn tortilla chips to taste. Enjoy! Meal Prep: Consider preparing your shredded chicken in advance. Make it as part of your weekly meal prep, or make it overnight so you can get it into the Crockpot in the morning with all of the other ingredients. This recipe is very forgiving: Feel free to adjust cooking times in the Crockpot, or to cook on the stove top if you need to expedite how quickly it gets cooked. Consider cooking for 30 minutes on a low simmer, then taste to see if the flavors have combined. Continue to cook until desired flavors and doneness is achieved. Decide how many batches you will make. Verify you have enough of each ingredient for that number of batches (i.e. 1 pound chicken breast per batch). Label one gallon-sized Ziplock for each batch with name, date, and cooking instructions. Open bag with zipper folded out so it will stand upright on its own. Prepare shredded chicken as directed above. Let cool, then transfer an estimated 1-pound portion into each Ziplock. Follow with adding the remaining ingredients to each Ziplock (1 can of corn per Ziplock). Do this in an assembly line, adding each of the listed ingredient amounts to each bag you are making. Then, move on down the list until all ingredients have been added to each bag. Remove as much air as possible from bag and seal. Freeze Ziplock(s) lying flat for up to three months. To thaw, remove from freezer at least 24 hours prior to serving. Allow to thaw in the refrigerator, then transfer to cooking pot or Crockpot. For access to my favorite recipes each week, join the Veggies & Virtue newsletter here!	https://veggiesandvirtue.com/blog/chicken-tortilla-soup
Maximum likelihood is one of those topics in mathematical statistics that takes a while to wrap your head around. At first glance it seems to be making something that seems easy (estimating a parameter with a statistic) into something way more complicated than it needs to be. For example, a frequent exercise is to find the maximum likelihood estimator of the mean of a normal distribution. You take the product of the n normal pdfs, take the log of that, find the first derivative, set it equal to 0 and solve. You find out that it’s , i.e., the average. Yes, it’s good to know theoretically why we use to estimate the mean, but why would we use anything else? To me, way back when, it was akin to a long elaborate Rube Goldberg process to show that 2 + 2 equaled 4. I didn’t see the use of it. Of course if you stick with statistics long enough you find that maximum likelihood is indeed very useful, especially for proving results regarding efficiency and sufficiency. Anyway, one result of maximum likelihood that baffled me for the longest time was the variance of a maximum likelihood estimator. It’s this: To me this had no intuition at all. In fact it still doesn’t. However it works. Now many statistics books will go over determining the maximum likelihood estimator in painstaking detail, but then they’ll blow through the variance of the estimator in a few lines. The purpose of this post is to hopefully fill in those gaps. It all starts with Taylor’s theorem, which says (in so many words): remainder We’re interested in approximating the variance, so we forget about the remainder. The rest is another (approximate) way to express . In this case we have evaluated at as our function, and and . Plug in and we have: The first thing to note here is that . Why? Because is the solution to . Plugging into the function produces 0. Substituting that in and doing some algebra we get Now let’s take the variance of that expression: Wait, hold up. is the second derivative evaluated at . We don’t know . We had to approximate it with . So let’s substitute in the expected value, like so: Now take the variance: OK, getting closer. It’s starting to look like the result I showed at the beginning. We still need to find . Actually we just need to find since is a constant and does not impact the variance calculation. First let’s recall the useful formula . Let’s use that here: Now it turns out that the . A quick proof can be found on p. 202 of Bulmer’s Principles of Statistics. I would happily reproduce it here but I think it detracts from my goal. So believe me. . That changes our formula to Once again, we have to back up and make yet another observation. Notice the following: Recall that . Rearrange and we get . Substitute that in to our previous formula: Now rearrange as follows and see what we have: Look at our variance formula we were working on: See where we can make the substitution? Let’s do it: The expected value of the second term is 0 for the same reason that . Take my word for it. That leaves us with… OK, we’re ALMOST THERE! Now bring back the full variance expression we had earlier… …and plug what we just found: Do the cancellation and we get the final reduced expression for the variance of the maximum likelihood estimator:	https://www.clayford.net/statistics/2011/10/
“You can make hundreds of experiments on the glass of your palette the memories of which will sink into you to come into service in cases of actual need when at the work of painting.” (Henri, The Art Spirit, p.59) It has been part of my own practice to take this advice to heart. I have also found sheer enjoyment in color itself through this process. Most times, I retain these color studies in order to use them as a tool in making comparisons to actual setups in the studio. One possible experiment – take a chord and mix the triad in such a way as to emphasize one color over another and therefore transform the appearance of the chord- taking into account the quality of the light for a particular subject. This is a practical reason to experiment. But there are also times where I mix in order to discover something I have yet to visualize or have an immediate use for. It is these moments that one opens oneself up to being surprised. Through the process of mixing paint on the palette, observing colors in various combinations and juxtapositions, one is taken to a place where the imagination is given perfect freedom . At times these color studies prompt the imagination to discover new possibilities of color but also of images or compositions. I remember one day when I was looking through Henri’s archive, I found several pages of mock color studies. Most appeared as simple landscape compositions- sunset, beach and sea, hills and mountains, desert. I do not know if Henri had a subject in mind or whether he was planning an excursion. It was not obvious nor were there any notes accompanying these except color notes. And I felt this, in fact, was his reasoning- that they were experiments for the sake of sheer experimentation. In a sense, he allowed himself the freedom to dream in the very act of mixing on the palette, allowing images to come before his mind in the moment. And in many ways, I preferred his wonderful enjoyment of color for its own sake, having a child-like spirit as a part of his personal approach to painting. I have read that Carl Jung, in the last years of his life, spent his time engaged with moving rocks on the beach outside of his place of weekend refuge- playing like a child in the sand and allowing his soul perfect freedom to manifest through his mind’s eye those figures or images that sought to present themselves. These images he later incorporated into the architecture of his house creating a connection between his inner world and the reality of that particular place. As part of my practice, I will take, for example, a new chord and create mock compositions, trying the colors in different juxtapositions as well as experimenting with the priority of the colors-testing the focal color against several possible background colors and finding what appears to be most effective or speaks to me on some level. Sometimes within these studies, I will see a figure emerging or a possibility for a still-life composition. It is a little like the psychology of the “ink spot”. But I feel it is important to allow one’s self the freedom to, in a sense, “not accomplish” something but allow the imagination to act as a guide. This type of work, where some practical exercise leads one’s imagination into a reverie, has been described by Ibn Arabi as an isthmus- a bridge or path to the world of images. And it is in this space that one becomes connected to the deeper meaning of one’s work. The ego is let go and the more intuitive part of ourselves takes over and what we cannot “will” presents itself to us. This state of openness presents the artist with a vision of himself and his work. But it also creates within the artist a more intuitive connection to the larger forces that are active in the world.	https://www.attentiveequations.com/color-mixing-and-an-opportunity-for-reverie/
Another Question for the Fairy Tale Summer/Märchensommer. Have fun guessing and trying to collect some points. 😉 Hinweis: Das Rätsel wird übersetzt werden, der komplette Beitrag nicht. What is the Weekend Guess? A riddle formulated by me that could contain puns and wordplays on the answer itself are put on here for my readers to answer. Why am I doing this? I like puns and riddles and as I am trying to find a way for people to gain points for a price at the end of the Challenge, I decided to give it another try. 🙂 What are the questions about? These twelfth special Question are all about Fairy Tales, it’s the Fairy Tale Summer/Märchensommer after all. 😉 What is your part in this?/Was ist deine Aufgabe dabei? You can try to solve the riddle./Du kannst versuchen das Rätsel zu lösen. What is in it for you?/Was bringt das für dich? You can gain five points for the overall Fairy Tale Summer Challenge! / Du kannst fünf Punkte für die gesammte Märchensommer Challenge sammeln! Let’s take a look at the seventh Fairy Tale Riddle/ Lasst uns einen Blick auf das siebte Märchenrätsel werfen: Clothes make the man; and the Marquis./ Kleider machen Leute; und den Grafen. Which Fairy Tale am I looking for?/ Welches Märchen suche ich?	https://www.randompoison.com/en/2017/07/16/
Looks like I'll be getting an offer on a position I've applied for with our sister company about 90 miles north of where I'm at. Plan on keeping my house here and staying with my sister a couple of nights per week and commuting some as well. I'll still have to work at my current property every Thursday anyway. So how far do you drive to work everyday? My morning commute is 6 miles. This summer it was around 40 miles, went through every hick town, and took an hour. Digging the new commute right now. 22 miles. Mostly highway and back country roads. Except that I work evenings. 6 miles and takes right at 1 hour to get here... lol. My commute is only a few blocks -like 3. Of course, I have to pick my daughter up after work and the babysitters is clear on the other side of town! Even that is only like 3 miles. I live in Massachusetts and work in Montreal. On Mondays, I have a 250 mile commute by commercial airliner. The total trip from my house to my office takes 5 hours. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays, I walk two blocks to work, and fly home Wednesday nights. On Thursdays and Fridays, I work out of my home office, so I commute about 10 feet.	https://www.corvetteforum.com/forums/off-topic/1793787-how-far-is-your-commute-to-work.html
Due to COVID-19-induced restrictions, numerous Indians have been working from home for about a year and a half. However, it appears that many people are becoming dissatisfied with working from home (WFH). According to a Linkedin survey of over 1,000 employees working in various organizations in India, 72 percent of Indians believe that working from home is preferable. 71 percent of those polled believe that working from home helps them make a better impression on their employers and seniors, despite the fact that it has a detrimental impact on their careers. Similarly, 72% believe that by going to work, they would be able to engage in the pleasant moments that are a part of everyday office life but are not available at home. Since the first wave of COVID, Ravikant Barua, a Noida resident who works for a global corporation, has been working from home. Ravi expresses his entire agreement with the survey’s findings. According to him, interacting with your employers on a frequent basis allows them to personally examine and provide comments on your job. He also believes that in the office, one may better showcase one’s accomplishments, which leads to advancement in one’s profession, both in terms of designation and salary. Around 55 percent of employees polled believe that working with coworkers in the office allows them to learn new things from one another, which can benefit them professionally and help them advance along the growth curve. They claim that this isn’t doable from home. A typical concern in WFH has been an increase in job load. Because of work from home, 35% of employees say their workload has increased, and they work considerably longer hours than their shift necessitates. While working from home, 34% of employees reported feeling more stressed. Ayush, who resides in Delhi’s Defence Colony, used to go to work every day and have his MNC send him on a monthly tour. The tours also let him network and absorb new information, but they’ve all stopped since the initial lockdown, and he’s now working from home. While Ayush acknowledges that his employer goes out of its way to assist and care for its employees, he believes that combining personal and professional lives has become a difficulty in WFH, which often adds to stress levels. While many individuals wish to return to the office, the majority want to work from both the office and their homes. A hybrid work culture, which would help employees balance all elements of their lives, is preferred by 86 percent of those polled. According to Dr. Ruchi Sharma, a psychiatrist at Manipal Hospital in Delhi, after a year and a half, it may be time for corporations to build a model that considers both the interests of the company and the interests of the employees. Employees that are distressed or agitated are less productive, she explains. In addition to the hybrid model, businesses must consider and undertake actions to ensure that their staff are mentally healthy and perform well. For this reason, it is critical that businesses consider their employees’ opinions and needs while developing a work paradigm. Apart from it, you can read these articles: Kung Fu Panda 4, 7StarHD, 123Mkv, Afdah, FFMovies, Bolly4U, Moviesflix, TrueID, Crystals for Protection, Mewing, How to charge crystals, Knightfall Season 3, Vampire Diaries season 9, Homeland Season 9, Sherlock season 5, Goodyear Viva 3, High sleeper bed, Cash for Cars, F95zone, Aloe Vera Juice, the 100 season 8, Salvation Season 3, Shadowhunters season 4, Poldark season 6, Good Place season 5, Madison beer net worth, Gravity Falls season 3, Hunter x Hunter season 7, Marvelous Mrs. Maisel Season 4, Bloodborne 2, Derry Girls season 3, highest paid CEO, and, Bhushan Kumar net worth, Knightfall Season 3, you can follow our Entertainment, Health, Technology, and Business category.	https://articleify.com/work-from-home-study/
Q: SQL Server - Show All possible Values and Count Them I have the following table: IdSce Year NoIte Value 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 5 1 0 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 2 2 0 1 4 2 0 2 4 2 0 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 2 1 3 3 I want to group by IdSce and Year, and show each possible value and count how many time each value appears like this: IdSce Year Value1 Value2 Value3 Value4 Value5 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 Thanks ! EDIT shawnt00 is really close to what I want, but I'm looking to do it as dynamic as possible, meaning if I have 10 different values for the column value, I will be missing information in my table. Therefore, if I have 10 different values, I want 10 new columns (value1, value2, ... , value10) This is what I've tried so far: SELECT IdSce ,Year ,SUM(CASE WHEN Value >= 0 and Value < 1 THEN 1 else 0 end) Zero ,SUM(CASE WHEN Value >= 1 and Value < 2 THEN 1 else 0 end) One ,SUM(CASE WHEN Value >= 2 and Value < 3 THEN 1 else 0 end) Two ,SUM(CASE WHEN Value >= 3 and Value < 4 THEN 1 else 0 end) Three ,SUM(CASE WHEN Value >= 4 and Value < 5 THEN 1 else 0 end) Four ,SUM(CASE WHEN Value >= 5 THEN 1 else 0 end) FiveMore ,SUM(CASE WHEN Value >= 0 THEN 1 else 0 end) Total FROM Table GROUP BY IdSce ,Year Thanks for the help again! A: Ok, I'll do it! select IdSce, "Year" count(case when Value = 1 then 1 end) as "1", count(case when Value = 2 then 1 end) as "2", count(case when Value = 3 then 1 end) as "3", count(case when Value = 4 then 1 end) as "4", count(case when Value = 5 then 1 end) as "5" from T group by IdSce, "Year" I think you'll often find this filed under "conditional aggregation". SQL Server has a proprietary syntax that uses pivot if you want to look into that also.
Q: Definition: product $\alpha \cdot f $ with $ f \in \operatorname{Hom}_K(E,F)$ , $\alpha \in K$ I need the definition of product $ \alpha \cdot f $ with $ f \in \operatorname{Hom}_K(E,F), \alpha \in K $. Thanks in advance. P.S. In this case $E$ and $ F $ are vector spaces on $K$. A: If $f:E\to F$ is a linear transformation with $E,F$ vector space, then $\alpha\cdot f$ is the linear transformation obtained by mapping each $x\in E$ to $\alpha\cdot f(x)\in F$, where $\cdot$ is the action of $K$ on $F$, or scalar multiplication in $F$. Remember for each $x\in E$; $f(x)=y$ is a vector in $F$, so it makes sense to talk about the scalar product $\alpha y$. In particular, for any pair of $K$ vector spaces $E\to F$ we can make ${\rm Hom}_K(E,F)$ into a vector space by defining the sum of two linear transformations and the scalar product of $\alpha \in K$ and a linear transformation as follows: $$\begin{align}(1)\hspace{1cm} (f+g)(x):=&f(x)+g(x)\\ (2)\hspace{1cm} (\alpha\cdot f)(x):=&\alpha \cdot f(x)\end{align}$$ where $+$ and $\cdot$ on the left are the new sum and product, and $+$,$\cdot$ on the right is the usual sum in $F$. You can check all axioms with these definitions to see that ${\rm Hom}_K(E,F)$ will obtain a $K$-vector space structure. Moreover, if $E$ and $F$ are of finite dimension, $n$ and $m$ respectively, this space ends up being isomorphic to $K^{m\times n}$.
Our people are dedicated to qualifying what you want to accomplish, and then developing solutions that fit your project, your budget, and your goals. Quality Assurance E.A Jogax seeks to achieve quality while optimizing cost for our clients and ensuring full dedication of all our personnel and staff. We are committed to providing quality work and services to our customers that meets the project standards and specifications for materials, tolerances, workmanship, schedules and public service while maintaining profitability and competitiveness. Experience With our many years of experience in the oilfield sector, we are dedicated to helping our clients reach their goals in the most efficient and cost-effective way.	https://eajogax.com/
--- abstract: 'In this paper we obtain some sharp Hardy inequalities with weight functions that may admit singularities on the unit sphere. In order to prove the main results of the paper we use some recent sharp inequalities for the lowest eigenvalue of Schrödinger operators on the unit sphere obtaind in the paper [@DEL].' address: - 'Thomas Hoffmann-Ostenhof: University of Vienna' - 'Ari Laptev: Imperial College London ' author: - 'Thomas Hoffmann-Ostenhof' - Ari Laptev title: Hardy inequalities with homogenuous weights --- Introduction ============ The classical Hardy inequality for the Laplacian in $\mathbb R^d$ is $$\label{clHardy} \int_{\mathbb R^d} \|\nabla u(x)\|^2\, dx \ge \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\, \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\|u(x)\|^2}{\|x\|^2}\, dx, \quad u\in C_0^\infty(\mathbb R^d), \quad d\ge3,$$ is well known and has many elementary proofs. This inequality is not achieved but the constant $(d-2)^2/4$ is sharp. It is often assiciated with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and plays important role in spectral theory of Schrödinger operators. In particular, this inequality is equivalent to the quadratic form inequality $$-\Delta - \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\, \frac{1}{\|x\|^2} \ge 0,$$ which states that if $d\ge3$, then one can subtract a positive operator from the Laplacian so that the difference remains non-negative.The literature devoted to different types of Hardy’s inequalities is vast and it is not our aim to cover it in this short paper, but note that description of other “Hardy weights" is an interesting problem. Here we are dealing with the case, where instead of the spherical symmetrical weight $1/\|x\|^2$ in the integral in the right hand side of we consider a more general class of homogeneous functions of degree $-2$ which may have singularities along rays starting at the origin. Namely, in this paper we prove the inequality $$\label{newHardy1} \int_{\mathbb R^d} \|\nabla u(x)\|^2\, dx \ge \tau \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\Phi(x/\|x\|) }{\|x\|^2}\, \|u(x)\|^2\, dx, \quad u\in C_0^\infty(\mathbb R^d), \quad d\ge 3,$$ with some $\tau>0$ for a class of measurable functions $\Phi$ defined on $\mathbb S^{d-1}$. The theorems proved in this paper are based on the recent inequalities obtained in the paper [@DEL], where the authors have found sharp bounds for the first eigenvalue of a Schrödinger operator on $\mathbb S^{d-1}$ using deep results from [@BV]. In order to formulate our results let us introduce the measure $d\vartheta$ induced by Lebesgue’s measure on $\mathbb S^{d-1}\subset \mathbb R^d$. We denote by $\\|\cdot\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}$ the quantity $$\\|\Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})} = \left(\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \|\Phi(\vartheta)\|^p\, d\vartheta\right)^{1/p}.$$ Our first result is: \[main\] Let $d\ge3$ and $0\le \Phi \in L^{p}(\mathbb S^{d-1})$, where $$\label{cond_p} p\ge \frac{(d-2)^2}{2(d-1)} + 1.$$ Then $$\label{newHardy2} \int_{\mathbb R^d} \|\nabla u(x)\|^2\, dx \ge \tau \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\Phi(x/\|x\|) }{\|x\|^2}\, \|u(x)\|^2\, dx, \qquad u\in C_0^\infty(\mathbb R^d),$$ where $$\label{sharp_tau} \tau = \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\, \|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{1/p} \, \\| \Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}^{-1}.$$ For the class of functions $\Phi$ satisfying the conditions of the theorem, inequality is sharp. Indeed, if $\Phi\equiv 1$, then takes the classical sharp form $$\int_{\mathbb R^d} \|\nabla u(x)\|^2\, dx \ge \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\, \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\|u(x)\|^2}{\|x\|^2}\, dx.$$ If for example $d=3$, then the lowest possible value of $p$ that is allowed in Theorem \[main\] equals $5/4$, see . Note that the condition on the value of $p$ in could be weakened. In our next theorem we consider the values of $p$ smaller than $ \frac{(d-2)^2}{2(d-1)} + 1$. \[Main2\] Let $d\ge3$ and $0\le \Phi\in L^{p}(\mathbb S^{d-1})$, where $$p\in \left(1, \, 5/4\right),\,\,{\rm if}\,d=3, \quad{\rm and} \quad p\in \left[ \frac{d-1}{2}, \,\frac{(d-2)^2}{2(d-1)} + 1\right), \, \, {\rm if} \, \, d\ge4.$$ Then $$\label{newHardy4} \int_{\mathbb R^d} \|\nabla u\|^2\, dx \\ \ge (1-\nu_0) \, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4} \, \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\|u\|^2}{\|x\|^2} \, dx + \tau\, \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\Phi(x/\|x\|)}{\|x\|^2} \, \|u\|^2\, dx,$$ where $$\nu_0 = \frac{2 (d-1)(p-1)}{(d-2)^2} <1.$$ and $$\label{tau} \tau = \nu_0\, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\, \|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{1/p} \, \\| \Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}^{-1}.$$ The inequality is sharp and achieved for the functions $\Phi \equiv const$. Moreover, if $p= \frac{(d-2)^2}{2(d-1)} + 1$, then $\nu_0 = 1$ in and this inequality coincides with . \[remark2\] In Theorem \[theorem2\] (see section 4) we consider the values of $p$ $$\label{p} \frac{d-1}{2} < p < \frac{(d-2)^2}{2(d-1)} + 1$$ and obtain an inequality similar to with with different ranges of $\tau $ and $\nu$’s. It is interesting that in this case the optimal class of functions $\Phi$ does not coincide with constants. It is more convenient for us to formulate and prove the respective result after the proof of Theorems \[main\] and \[Main2\]. Finally in the last section we obtain a Hardy inequality for fractional powers of the Laplacian. Namely, let us define the quadratic form $$\int_{\Bbb R^d} \|\nabla^\varkappa u(x)\|^2\, dx = (2\pi)^{-d}\, \int_{\Bbb R^d} \|\xi\|^{2\varkappa} \|\hat u(\xi)\|^2 \, d\xi,$$ where $\hat u$ is the Fourier transform of $u$. \[FracLaplacians\] Let $0<\varkappa < d/2$ for $d=1,2$, and $0<\varkappa\le 1$ for $d\ge3$. Assume that $\Phi=\Phi(x/\|x\|)\ge 0$ is a measurable function defined on $\Bbb S^{d-1}$, such that $\Phi\in L^{d/2\varkappa} (\mathbb S^{d-1})$. Then $$\label{P-Sz-hardy} \int_{\mathbb R^d}\|\nabla^\varkappa (x)\|^2\ge \tau \int_{\mathbb R^d}\frac{\Phi(x/\|x\|)}{\|x\|^2 }\, \|u(x)\|^2 \, dx,$$ where $$\label{tau-frac} \tau = 2^{2\varkappa} \, \frac{\Gamma^2\left((d/2+\varkappa)/2\right)}{\Gamma^2\left((d/2-\varkappa)/2\right)}\, \left\|\mathbb S^{d-1}\right\|^{2\varkappa/d}\, \\|\Phi\\|_{L^{d/2\varkappa}(\mathbb S^{d-1})}^{-1}.$$ In order to prove this theorem we use fractional Hardy inequalities proved in [@H] and [@Ya]Ê (note that $2^{2\varkappa} \, \Gamma^2\left((d/2+\varkappa)/2\right)\, \Gamma^{-2}\left((d/2-\varkappa)/2\right)\big\|_{\varkappa=1} =(d-2)^2/4$ ). Note, that in the case $\varkappa=1$ Theorem \[main\] is stronger than Theorem \[FracLaplacians\] since it allows us to have a larger class of functions $\Phi$ because of the strict embedding $$L^{d/2}(\mathbb S^{d-1}) \subset L^{\frac{(d-2)^2}{2(d-1)} + 1}(\mathbb S^{d-1}).$$ The constant $\tau$ in is sharp as it is sharp for $\Phi = {\rm const}$. In the recent paper of B. Devyver, M. Fraas and Y. Pinchover [@DFP] the authors considered a rather general second order operator with variable coefficients and found an optimal weight for the respective Hardy inequality. In particular, such a weight for the Laplacian coincides with $1/\|x\|^2$. Our result is different as we deal with the “flat" Laplacian and find a class of weight functions that may have singularities not only at the origin. [Acknowledgements.]{} The authors express their gratitude to Rupert Frank and Michael Loss for valuable discussions. Auxiliary statements ==================== In order to prove Theorem \[main\] we use a result obtained in [@DEL] which provides a sharp estimate for the first negative eigenvalue $\lambda_1$ of the Schrödinger operator in $L^2(\mathbb S^{d-1})$, $$-\Delta_\vartheta - \Phi, \qquad \Phi\ge 0,$$ where $-\Delta_\vartheta$ is the Laplace-Beltrami operator on $\mathbb S^{d-1}$. Note that we need it only for the case $d\ge3$. \[AxTheorem\] Let $d\ge3$ and $0\le \Phi \in L^{p} (\mathbb S^{d-1})$, where $p\in\big((d-1)/2,+\infty\big)$. Then there exists an increasing function $\alpha:\mathbb R_+\to\mathbb R_+$ $$\label{linear} \alpha(\mu)=\mu \quad {\rm for\, any} \quad \mu\in\left[0,\frac{d-1}{2}\,(p-1)\right],$$ and convex if $\mu\in\big(\frac{d-1}{2}\,(p-1),+\infty\big)$, such that $$\label{T11} \|\lambda_1(-\Delta_\vartheta -\Phi)\| \le \alpha\left(\frac{1}{\|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{1/p} } \\|\Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}\right).$$ The estimate is optimal in the sense that there exists a non-negative function $\Phi$, such that $$\|\lambda_1(-\Delta_\vartheta -\Phi)\| = \alpha\left(\frac{1}{\|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{1/p} } \\|\Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}\right).$$ for any $\mu\in\big(\frac{d-1}{2}\,(p-1),+\infty\big)$. If $\mu\le \frac{d-1}{2}\,(p-1)$, then equality in is achieved for constants. For large values of $\mu$ we have $$\label{large-norms} \alpha(\mu)^{p-\frac{d-1}{2}}= L^1_{p-\frac{d-1}{2}, d-1} \, \mu^p\,(1+o(1)),$$ where $L^1_{\gamma,d-1}$ are the Lieb-Thirring constants appearing in [@LTh] in the inequality for the lowest eigenvalue of a Schrödinger operator in $L^2(\Bbb R^{d-1})$. Moreover, if $p=(d-1)/2$, $d\ge4$, then is satisfied with $\alpha(\mu) = \mu$ for $\mu \in [0,(d-1)(d-3)/2]$. Note that here the function $\alpha(\mu)$ is invertible and its inverse $\mu(\alpha)$ equals (see [@DEL]) $$\label{mu-alpha} \mu(\alpha) = \|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{\frac{2}{q} -1}\, \inf_{u\in H^1(S^{d-1})}\, \frac{\\|\nabla u\\|^2_{L^2(\Bbb S^{d-1})} + \alpha \, \\| u\\|^2_{L^2(\Bbb S^{d-1})}}{\\|u\\|^2_{L^q(\Bbb S^{d-1})}},$$ where $q\in\left(2, \frac{2(d-1)}{d-3}\right)$ (with $(2,\infty)$ for $d=3$). The optimal value in is achieved by the unique solution $u$ of the non-linear equation $$-\Delta u + \alpha \, u - \mu(\alpha)\, u^{q-1} = 0,$$ that for each chosen $\alpha$ also defines the value of $\mu(\alpha)$. Obviously if $v\equiv c$, $c\in\mathbb R$, and $\Phi\ge 0$ is non-trivial, then the quadratic form $$\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \left(\|\nabla_\vartheta v\|^2 - \Phi \|v\|^2\right)\, d\vartheta = -c^2\, \int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \Phi \, d\vartheta <0.$$ Therefore due to the variational principle the eigenvalue $\lambda_1(-\Delta_\vartheta - \Phi)$ is negative for any nonnegative, non-trivial $\Phi$ and consequently the inequality is a lower estimate $$\label{alphamu} 0\ge\lambda_1(-\Delta_\vartheta - \Phi)\ge- \alpha\left(\frac{1}{\|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{1/p} } \\|\Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}\right) \quad \forall\, \Phi \in L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1}).$$ If $\Phi$ changes sign, the above inequality still holds if $\Phi$ is replaced by the positive part $\Phi_+$ of $\Phi$, provided the lowest eigenvalue is negative. We can then write $$\|\lambda_1(-\Delta_\vartheta - \Phi )\|\le \alpha\left(\frac{1}{\|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{1/p} } \\|\Phi_+ \\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}\right).$$ The expressions for the constants $ L^1_{p-\frac{d-1}{2}, d}$ in are not explicit for $d\ge3$, but can be given in terms of an optimal constant in some Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev inequality (see [@LTh] and [@DEL]) in the following way: Let $q= 2p/(p-1)>2$ and denote by $\mathsf K_{\rm GN}(q,d-1)$ the optimal constant in the Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev inequality, given by $$K_{\rm GN}(q,d-1):=\inf_{u\in H^1(\Bbb R^{d-1})\setminus\{0\}}\, \frac{\\|\nabla u\\|^{2\,\rho}_{L^2(\Bbb R^{d-1})} \, \\|u\\|^{2\,(1-\,\rho)}_{L^2(\Bbb R^{d-1})}}{\\|u\\|^2_{L^q(\Bbb R^{d-1})}},$$ where $\rho=\rho(q,d)=(d-1)\,\frac{q-2}{2\,q}$. Then $$L^1_{p-\frac{d-1}{2}, d-1}=\left[\rho^{-\rho}\,(1-\,\rho)^{-\,(1-\,\rho)}\,\mathsf K_{\rm GN}(q,d-1)\right]^{-p} \,.$$ \[lemma\] Let $\tau>0$ and $d\ge3$. Then $$\begin{gathered} \label{eq-lem} \int_{\mathbb R^d}\|\nabla u\|^2 dx \\ \ge \int_{\mathbb R^d}\frac{\|u\|^2}{\|x\|^2}\left(\tau\, \Phi(x/\|x\|) +\lambda_1\left(-\Delta_\vartheta - \tau \, \Phi(x/\|x\|)\right) +\frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\right) \, dx.\end{gathered}$$ Let $x= (r, \vartheta) \in \mathbb R^d$ be polar coordinates in $ \mathbb R^d$. Then we find $$\label{1} \int_{\mathbb R^d} \|\nabla u\|^2\, dx = \int_0^\infty\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \left(\|\partial_r u\|^2 + \frac{1}{r^2} \, \|\nabla_\vartheta u\|^2\right)\, r^{d-1}\, d\vartheta dr.$$ Note that according to the classical Hardy inequality for radial functions $f\in C_0^\infty(0,\infty)$ we have $$\int_0^\infty \|f'(r)\|^2 \, r^{d-1}\, dr \ge \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\, \int_0^\infty \frac{\|f\|^2}{r^2}\, r^{d-1}\, dr.$$ Applying the latter inequality to $u(r,\vartheta)$ for a fixed $\vartheta$ and then integrating over $\mathbb S^{d-1}$ we obtain $$\label{2} \int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \int_0^\infty \|\partial_r u\|^2 \, r^{d-1}\, dr d\vartheta\\ \ge \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\, \int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \int_0^\infty \frac{\|u\|^2}{r^2} \, r^{d-1}\, dr d\vartheta.$$ Let $\tau>0$. It follows from Theorem \[AxTheorem\] that $$\begin{gathered} \label{3} \int_0^\infty\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \frac{1}{r^2} \, \|\nabla_\vartheta u\|^2 \, r^{d-1}\, d\vartheta dr = \int_0^\infty\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \frac{1}{r^2} \, \|\nabla_\vartheta u\|^2 \, r^{d-1}\, d\vartheta dr \\ = \int_0^\infty\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \frac{1}{r^2} \, \tau \, \Phi \, \|u\|^2 \, \, r^{d-1}\, d\vartheta dr + \int_0^\infty\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \frac{1}{r^2} \left( \|\nabla_\vartheta u\|^2 - \tau \, \Phi \, \|u\|^2\right)\, \, r^{d-1}\, d\vartheta dr \\ \ge \int_0^\infty\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \frac{1}{r^2} \, \left(\tau \, \Phi + \lambda_1(-\Delta_\vartheta -\tau \, \Phi) \right)\,\|u\|^2 \, r^{d-1}\, d\vartheta dr.\end{gathered}$$ Putting together , and we obtain the statement of the lemma. Let $\tau>0$ and $d\ge3$ and let $0\le \Phi \in L^{p} (\mathbb S^{d-1})$, where $$p\in\big(\max\{1,(d-1)/2\},+\infty\big).$$ Then $$\label{cor} \int_{\mathbb R^d}\|\nabla u\|^2 dx \ge \int_{\mathbb R^d}\frac{\|u\|^2}{\|x\|^2}\left(\tau\, \Phi(x/\|x\|) - \alpha(\mu) +\frac{(d-2)^2}{4} \right) \, dx,$$ where $$\mu = \tau \, \, \|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{-1/p} \, \\|\Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}.$$ Indeed, in order to prove it is enough to apply the inequality estimating the value of $\lambda_1\left(-\Delta_\vartheta - \tau \, \Phi(x/\|x\|)\right)$ in Proofs of the main results ========================== [Proof of Theorem \[main\]]{}. The condition $$\label{restr_p} p\ge \frac{(d-2)^2}{2(d-1)} + 1$$ implies both $$p\in \left(\frac{d-1}{2}, \infty\right) \quad {\rm and} \quad \frac{(d-2)^2}{4} \le \frac{d-1}{2} (p-1).$$ Due to Theorem \[AxTheorem\] the convex function $\alpha(\mu) = \mu$ for $$\mu\in \left[0, \frac{(d-1)(p-1)}{2}\right].$$ Thus if in we choose $\tau$ according to the equation $$\alpha(\mu) = \mu = \|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{-1/p} \, \tau\, \\| \Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})} = \frac{(d-2)^2}{4},$$ namely $$\tau = \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\, \|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{1/p} \, \\| \Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}^{-1},$$ then we obtain the statement of Theorem \[main\]. [Proof of Theorem \[Main2\]]{}. When proving Theorem \[main\] we fully compensated the positive term in the right hand side of . This gave us a restriction on the possible values of $p$, see . Assume now that $$\label{p-new} p\in \left(1, \, 5/4\right),\,\,{\rm if}\,d=3, \quad{\rm and} \quad p\in \left[ \frac{d-1}{2}, \,\frac{(d-2)^2}{2(d-1)} + 1\right), \, \, {\rm if} \, \, d\ge4,$$ and choose $\nu_0$ such that $$\label{lambda} \nu_0\, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4} = \frac{(d-1)(p-1)}{2},$$ which gives us the value $$\nu_0 = \frac{2 (d-1)(p-1)}{(d-2)^2} <1.$$ Then using we find $$\begin{gathered} \int_{\mathbb R^d}\|\nabla u\|^2 dx \ge \int_{\mathbb R^d}\frac{\|u\|^2}{\|x\|^2}\left(\tau\, \Phi(x/\|x\|) - \alpha(\mu) +\frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\right) \, dx \\ = \int_{\mathbb R^d} \left(\tau\, \Phi(x/\|x\|) + (1-\nu_0)\, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\right) \, \frac{\|u\|^2}{\|x\|^2} \, dx \\ + \int_{\mathbb R^d} \left( \nu_0\, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4} - \alpha(\mu) \right) \, \frac{\|u\|^2}{\|x\|^2} \, dx.\end{gathered}$$ Due to the choice of $p$ and $\nu_0$ given in and respectively, we have $$\alpha(\mu) = \mu = \|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{-1/p} \, \tau\, \\| \Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}.$$ It remains to choose $\tau$ according to $$\tau\, \, \|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{-1/p} \, \\| \Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})} = \nu_0\, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4},$$ namely, $$\tau = \nu_0\, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\, \|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{1/p} \, \\| \Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}^{-1}.$$ This completes the proof of Theorem \[Main2\]. Hardy inequalities with $\nu_0<\nu\le1$. ========================================= As it was mentioned in Remark \[remark2\], for the values $$\frac{d-1}{2} < p < \frac{(d-2)^2}{2(d-1)} + 1.$$ we can now consider $\nu: \, \nu_0<\nu\le1$. Then since $$\frac{(d-2)^2}{4} > \frac{(d-1)(p-1)}{2}$$ the equation $$\alpha \left(\tau\, \, \|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|^{-1/p} \, \\| \Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})} \right) = \nu \, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}$$ is more complicated, because in this case $\alpha(\mu)$ is non-linear. However, since it is increasing and convex, its inverse $\mu(\alpha)$ is well defined and thus we find $$\tau = \|S^{d-1}\|^{1/p} \, \\| \Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}^{-1} \, \mu\left(\nu\, \, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\right).$$ Hence the inequality immediately implies: \[theorem2\] Let $d\ge3$ and $0\le \Phi\in L^{p}(\mathbb S^{d-1})$, where $$\frac{d-1}{2} < p < \frac{(d-2)^2}{2(d-1)} + 1.$$ Then $$\label{newHardy3} \int_{\mathbb R^d} \|\nabla u\|^2\, dx \\ \ge (1-\nu) \, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4} \, \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\|u\|^2}{\|x\|^2} \, dx + \tau\, \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\Phi(x/\|x\|)}{\|x\|^2} \, \|u\|^2\, dx,$$ where $$\nu_0 = \frac{2 (d-1)(p-1)}{(d-2)^2} < \nu \le 1$$ and $$\tau = \|S^{d-1}\|^{1/p} \, \\| \Phi\\|_{L^p(\mathbb S^{d-1})}^{-1} \,\, \mu\left(\nu\, \frac{(d-2)^2}{4}\right).$$ . Note that since $\mu(\alpha)$ is an increasing function, the value of $\tau$ in is larger than the respecive value of $\tau$ in . In particular, $\nu= 1$ allows us to consider a class of weight functions $\Phi$ with full compensation of the term $(d-2)^2/4$. If follows from [@DEL] that the optimal functions $\Phi$ are not constants. The equation immediately implies $$\mu(\alpha) = \left(L^1_{p-\frac{d-1}{2}, d-1}\right)^{-1/p} \, \alpha^{1-\frac{d-1}{2p}} \left(1+ o(1)\right) \quad {\rm as} \quad \alpha\to\infty,$$ (see also Proposition 10 [@DEL]). Proof of Theorem \[FracLaplacians\] =================================== Let $A\subset\mathbb R^d$Ê and denote by $A^= \{x:\, \|x\|<r\}$ with $(\|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|/d ) \|x\|^d = \|A\|$ that is the symmetric rearrangement of $A$. By $\chi_A$ and $\chi_{A^}$ we denote characteristic functions of $A$ and $A^$ respectively. Then for any Borel measurable function $f:\, \mathbb R^d \to \mathbb C$ vanishing at infinity we denote by $f^$ its decreasing rearrangement $$f^(x) = \int_0^\infty \chi_{\{\|f(x)\| >t\}^} \, dt.$$ By using the Hardy-Littlewood rearrangement inequality we find $$\int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\Phi(x/\|x\|)}{\|x\|^{2\varkappa}} \, \|u\|^2\, dx \le \int_{\mathbb R^d} \left(\frac{\Phi(x/\|x\|)}{\|x\|^{2\varkappa}}\right)^* \, (u^)^2\, dx.$$ Clearly $$\left\|\{x: \, \|\Phi(x/\|x\|)\| >t\, \|x\|^{2\varkappa}\}\right\| = \frac{1}{d}\, \, t^{-d/2\varkappa}\, \int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}}Ê\Phi^{d/2\varkappa} (\theta)\, d\theta$$ and thus $$\begin{gathered} \left(\frac{\Phi(x/\|x\|)}{\|x\|^{2\varkappa}}\right)^ = \int_0^\infty \chi_{\{\|\Phi(x/\|x\|)\| >t\, \|x\|^{2\varkappa}\}^} \, dt \\ = \int_0^\infty \chi_{\left\{\|\mathbb S^{d-1}\|\, \|x\|^d < \int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \Phi^{d/2\varkappa}(\theta)\, d\theta \, t^{-d/2\varkappa}\right\}}\, dt\\ = \frac{1}{\left\|\mathbb S^{d-1}\right\|^{2\varkappa/d}} \, \frac{\left(\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} \Phi^{d/2\varkappa}(\theta)\, d\theta\right)^{2\varkappa/d}}{\|x\|^{2\varkappa}}.\end{gathered}$$Ê We now use the Hardy inequality obtained in the papers [@H], [@Ya] (see also [@FS] for $L^p$-versions of these inequalities) stating that if $\varkappa < d/2$, then $$\int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\|u\|^2}{\|x\|^{2\varkappa}} \, dx \le C_{\varkappa} \, \int_{\mathbb R^d} \|\nabla^{\varkappa} u\|^2\, dx,$$ where $$C_\varkappa = 2^{-2\varkappa} \, \frac{\Gamma^2\left((d/2-\varkappa)/2\right)}{\Gamma^2\left((d/2+\varkappa)/2\right)}.$$ Therefore $$\begin{gathered} \label{p=d/2kappa} \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{\Phi(x/\|x\|)}{\|x\|^{2\varkappa}} \, \|u\|^2\, dx \le \int_{\mathbb R^d} \left(\frac{\Phi(x/\|x\|)}{\|x\|^{2\varkappa}}\right)^ \, (u^)^2\, dx\\ = \frac{\\|\Phi\\|_{L^{d/2\varkappa}(\mathbb S^{d-1})}}{\left\|\mathbb S^{d-1}\right\|^{2\varkappa/d}} \, \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{(u^)^2}{\|x\|^{2\varkappa}} \, dx \le C_\varkappa \, \frac{\\|\Phi\\|_{L^{d/2\varkappa}(\mathbb S^{d-1})}}{\left\|\mathbb S^{d-1}\right\|^{2\varkappa/d}} \, \int_{\mathbb R^d} \|\nabla^\varkappa u^(x)\|^2\, dx. \end{gathered}$$ Finally by using the Pólya and Szegö rearrangement inequality (see for example [@P], [@LL]). $$\\|\nabla^{\varkappa} u^\\|_2Ê\le \\|\nabla^{\varkappa} u \\|_2, \qquad 0 \le \varkappa \le 1,$$ we complete the proof of Theorem \[FracLaplacians\]. [KVW09]{} M.-F. Bidaut-Veron and L. Veron, Nonlinear elliptic equations on compact Riemannian manifolds and asymptotics of Emden equations, Invent. Math., 106 (1991),489–539. B. Devyver, M. Fraas and Y. Pinchover, Optimal Hardy weight for second-order elliptic operators: an answer to a problem of Agmon, arXiv:1208. 2342v2\[math.AP\] 18 Apr 2013. J. Doulbeault, M.J. Esteban and A. Laptev, Spectral estimates on the Sphere, accepted by Analysis $\&$ PDE R.L. Frank and R. Seiringer, Nonlinear groundstate representations and sharp Hardy inequalities, J. Funct. Anal. 255(2008), 3407-3430. I.W. Herbst, Spectral Theory of the operator $(p^2+m^2)^{1/2}-Ze^2/r$, Commun. Math. Phys. 53 (1977), 285-294. E.H. Lieb and W. Thirring, Inequalities for the moments of the eigenvalues of the Schrödinger Hamiltonian and their relation to Sobolev inequalities, Studies in Math. Phys., Essays in Honor of Valentine Bargmann., Princeton, (1976), 269–303. E.H. Lieb and M. Loss AnalysisÊSecond Edition, AMS, Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 14 (2001), 346p. Y.J. Park, Fractional Pólya-Szegö inequality, Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society 24 (2011), 267-271. D. Yafaev, Sharp constants in the Hardy Rellich inequalities, J. Funct. Anal. 168 (1999), 121-144.
What Is Construction Cost Estimate? Construction cost estimating is the process of forecasting the cost of building a physical structure. Of course, builders and clients both worry about the financial impact of cost overruns and failing to complete a project. That is why they devote time and effort to estimating how much a project will cost before deciding to move forward with it. Clients considering large projects often seek multiple cost estimates, including those prepared by contractors and those calculated by independent estimators. Project owners use cost estimates to determine a project’s scope and feasibility and to allocate budgets. Contractors use them when deciding whether to bid on a project. You usually prepare estimates with the input of architects and engineers to ensure that a project meets financial feasibility and scope requirements. A good cost estimate prevents the builder from losing money and helps the customer avoid overpaying. It is a core component of earned value management, a project management technique that tracks a project’s performance against the total time and cost estimate. The accuracy of a cost estimate relies on a number of things: the quality of the project plan; the level to which the estimator defines a project; the experience and skill of the estimator; the accuracy of cost information; and the quality of any tools and procedures the estimator uses. Why Is Estimating Important? It is practically impossible for the initial construction estimate to match the final project cost. However, this does not negate the usefulness of a comprehensive construction estimate. Estimating assists: - Project owners in determining the suitability and feasibility of a project - The builder’s ability to decide on the profit potential of a project. - The procurement team with the financing of the project. - The project team’s ability to make vital decisions on the design or materials could positively or negatively impact the project’s cost. - The concepts that a cost estimator considers affect the total cost of the project. Therefore, it is imperative to have a set of data points that a cost estimator should investigate. These factors include materials, location, machinery, and labor. These are the apparent factors, but the estimator should also consider hidden factors such as the possible market fluctuations that affect the costs of materials. Estimators also need to assess the project-specific materials as an eco-friendly building would need different materials than an ordinary building. What Are the Benefits of Cost Estimating in Construction? Cost estimation provides the foundation for the planning of a job schedule. The accuracy of an estimate determines whether a job meets its objectives or not. Some of the benefits in cost estimation include: What Is the Cost Estimating Process? All projects benefit significantly from following a deliberate and thoughtful process in cost estimation. The cost estimating process requires good judgment and planning to achieve the best results from a project. One needs to have a basic understanding of the construction process to understand the cost estimation process properly. The following steps provide a guideline when making a construction estimate: Agree on the Cost Estimating Basis The parties involved must agree based on cost estimation of the project before starting the estimation process. This activity entails obtaining project information such as previously developed scopes and schedules from which the estimator can come up with cost estimates. The level of the scope is always dependent on the project type, complexity, design matrix, and criteria. The cost estimator should clearly outline and document all assumptions in this stage. The cost estimator should also record additional and subsequent information to give a traceable history for each of the estimates made. Base Estimate Preparation A base estimate covers all the estimated costs of a project apart from the foreseen future escalations. These estimates are usually calculated depending on different techniques such as scope definition, size, and complexity of a project. In contrast, detailed estimates vary depending on the development phase of the project. More details come to light giving a more detailed cost estimate as the design progresses. The critical inputs required in this stage are scope details, inflation rates, material take-offs, unit cost databases, and market conditions. The construction take-offs give the client an outline of the necessary material costs. Construction take-offs vary depending on the project’s size and scope. Collecting and interpreting all scope documents can be challenging, but the project team must fix the scope documentation from the start to estimate the direct costs. The cost estimator also notes all the cautionary notes, assumptions, and exclusions while preparing the base estimate. The estimate can also be attached and included as an attachment for reference for the remaining project activities. Reviewing Base Estimate Reviewing the base estimate is necessary to ensure all the assumptions and basis of a project are correct. It also means that all the base cost estimates are an actual reflection of the scope of work and schedule. It prevents the double counting of items and ensures components are not missing. This stage reviews cost-based estimates and historical data or project-specific conditions by applying the necessary location and productivity factors. The estimator also checks indirect and overhead costs with the direct costs as the basis. Risks And Contingencies An integral part of project planning is developing a risk and contingency plan. Risk management is always an ongoing process for maximizing the possibilities of opportunities and minimizing the probabilities of threats. In addition, the estimator needs to include the cost impacts of hazards in the total project costs. Outline a Communication Approach Cost estimators should communicate the cost estimate data to all the necessary parties. A good communication approach determines the information that should be shared and who should receive the information. It also determines the information channels that information should pass through. Thus, communication is just as important as numbers, and the information can be used as an effective critical tool to ensure the project’s success. Peer Review Another construction estimator should always review a cost estimate. They perform spot checks to verify quantities and costs and check the scope completeness of a project. Peer review is a crucial phase for addressing significant gaps in the estimate and an opportunity to reduce costs. Assumptions are also removed and clarified at this stage. After this review, the estimator can now present the estimate to the management for approval. Finally, the revised estimates are reviewed by the project management staff and incorporated into the project cost baselines. Throughout the project, the estimator continuously updates the information; they are never done with estimating the project outcome. Estimating is always a continuous process. How To Estimate Construction Costs? Estimating construction costs is one of the most important yet most neglected stages in construction. It is time-consuming, and the myriad of activities involved in construction leads many to neglect the exercise. There are different ways of estimating construction costs, as we will discuss below: Unit Cost Estimating Unit cost estimating is a quick, easy and clean way of estimating construction costs. Cost estimators assign a unit cost to each component of the construction process. Setting the unit prices refines the process over time, as you can alter and modify subsequent projects for better estimates. Empirical Cost Inferencing Method This method uses statistics and regression models to determine a project’s cost. It is, however, not recommended if you do not know how to use this method. It would help if you had someone on your team that explicitly does this. Production Function Production function relates the amount built to factors such as labor and materials. To achieve a given output, you must look for the optimal input. It can be pretty accurate in estimating the input and output relations of projects. Stick Estimation Stick estimation is a prevalent method in cost estimation but also relatively cumbersome. One uses this method by listing every single possible cost on the job. It is an accurate estimation method but very time-consuming. How To Improve Estimate Accuracy? Inaccurate construction estimates are detrimental to the job in that you can quickly lose a bid, or you can win one but lose money throughout the construction process. However, there are some tips you can employ to have accurate and growing construction estimates. Below are some of the information you can use to improve your accuracy in cost estimation: Step 1: Develop a Template for Every Job Developing a template ensures that you do not leave out anything when developing a construction estimate. Templates include all line items that are within the scope of work of the project. For example, for some subcontractors, a template can consist of materials and labor. On the other hand, the electrician’s or plumber’s template includes more items such as fixtures, controls, and transmissions. The template can also include insurance limits and administrative costs. Step 2: Review Previous Projects A review of past projects is very educational when it comes to putting up proposals. We can learn from past mistakes that help make our estimates accurate. A project of a similar size and scope is likely to have a similar construction estimate. Of course, no two projects are the same but breaking down the construction job costs enables you to evaluate the calculations more accurately. Continual improvement is impossible if you do not look where you started from. Step 3: Accurate Takeoffs The more accurate your take-offs are, the better your construction estimates. You can use take-off software to improve the accuracy of your take-off without having to print anything. As a result, you can determine areas and lengths more accurately within much less time. You can also break down your project into a work breakdown structure, ensuring that your project is not missing any major components. Do not, however, count every screw in the project. Instead, stick to the big stuff that matters. Step 4: Check Your Labor Costs Labor costs are one of the most expensive costs in a project. To make money, you need to know how productive your crew is and their completion time. Labor costs are not just the hourly wages, but they also entail the labor burden to the company. They can be summed up in indirect costs such as retirement, union contributions, tools, benefits, and more. A comprehensive labor rate sums up all these expenses. Even in the best of conditions, no two people work at the same rate. Therefore, when calculating the labor rate, you should also factor in the weather conditions, skill rate, training, and personal issues. This way, you will accurately predict the person-hours required for the project and factor it into your cost estimate. Step 5: Countercheck Subcontractor Proposals Subcontractors in a project bid for different jobs, and you, therefore, need to dig through the proposals and see what is included and what is not. Sometimes subcontractors may miss part of their scope or omit it altogether. After skimming through the bids, you can then choose the best offer for the project. Checking other proposals is an excellent way to counter-check subcontractors’ work and ensure they do not overquote the price. Step 6: Check Your Formulas Nothing is more embarrassing than preparing a reasonable cost estimate yet riddled with mathematical errors. Check formulas on the spreadsheet or software before submitting your bids. The minor errors in calculation can accumulate into huge sums and ruin the entire estimation process. FAQs What Goes Into Your Estimate? There are many models in the industry that determine what goes into a construction estimate. However, at an abstract level, all estimates can be divided into three. These are labor, materials, and overheads and profits. What Are the Common Mistakes to Avoid? Inaccuracy in cost estimation is often a very costly mistake that results in cost overruns and blowouts in the schedule. What Is Improper Estimation of Labor Costs? Labor costs are some of the most expensive yet the most difficult to estimate. Using a simple hourly rate in the labor rate can lead to huge variations. Therefore, you need to be as detailed as possible when calculating labor rates, factor in the overtime, and source data from similar projects for better accuracy. The experienced cost estimators assess the risks and determine whether a project is feasible for their firm or not. Cost variations are common when an estimator fails to factor in the risks. The higher the probability of a threat is, the more detailed the risk analysis should be. Take note that sometimes the estimation may be okay, but a poor review of the numbers can lead to costly mistakes. In addition, time pressures can lead to errors in maths and measurements, which is why you need a standardized estimating template to help you compare and estimate correctly.	https://www.sample.net/estimate/construction-cost-estimate/
On September 8, Steve Burns appeared on a video by Nick Jr. addressing his 'abrupt' departure from Blue's Clues in 2002. The actor and TV personality was the original host of the show since its inception in 1995. Steve Burns, who left Blue's Clues in 2002, recently explained the reasons behind his departure. The host mentioned: "You remember how when we were younger we used to run around and hang out with Blue, and find clues, and talk to Mr. Salt, and freak out about the mail, and do all the fun stuff? And then one day, I was like, 'Oh hey, guess what? Big news… I'm leaving'." The video had the caption, "So about that time Steve went off to college… #BluesClues25 This insinuates that Steve Burns left the show in 2002 to pursue his higher education. Steve was born in 1973, which means he was around 22-years-old in 2002. Here's how fans reacted to Steve Burns' explaining departure from Blue's Clues, after 19-years In the video, Burns acknowledged that his decision to leave Blue's Clues came as a surprise to many. The former host also addressed his viewers and expressed gratitude towards them. Steve Burns said, "And then look at you, and look at all you have done, and all you have accomplished in all that time. And it's just, it's just so amazing, right?" Burns further added, "I mean, we started out with clues, and now, it's what? Student loans, and jobs and families? And some of it has been kind of hard, you know? I know you know." After Burns' departure from Blue's Clues in 2002, there have been several rumors and speculations surrounding it. Some fans even speculated that Steve Burns had died from a heroin overdose. The Pennsylvania native refuted these claims by appearing on the Today show in 2003. Donovan Patton replaced Burns before Blue's Clues ended in 2006. Blue's Clues also had a UK version hosted by Kevin Duala and a Portuguese spin-off that Duarte Gomes hosted.	https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/why-original-blue-s-clues-guy-leave-fans-react-steve-burns-explains-departure-heartfelt-message
Last weekend, Emma sold lemonade at a yard sale. The equation $ P = 0.50 c - 9.96 $represented the profit, P. Emma earned selling c cups of lemonade. What does the number $ 0.50 $ represent in this situation?	https://cameramath.com/expert-q&a/Algebra/Last-weekend-Emma-sold-lemonade-at-a-yard-sale-The-equation-Last_2
--- abstract: 'A real random variable admits median(s) and quantiles. These values minimize convex functions on $\mathbb R$. We show by “Convex Analysis” arguments that the function to be minimized is very natural. The relationship with some notions about functions of bounded variation developed by J.J. Moreau is emphasized.' author: - 'Michel [Valadier]{}' date: November 2014 title: Quantiles as minimizers --- Introduction ============ Let $\mathbf P$ a probability law on $\mathbb R$. Assume that $\mathbf P$ is of order $1$ (which writes $\int \|x\| \, d\mathbf P(x) < +\infty$). A real number $\bar m$ is a median if and only if it minimizes (references to exercises in some textbooks will be given in Section \[Mq\]) the function of $m$, $\int_{\mathbb R} \|x - m\| \, d\mathbf P(x)$. Without the order $1$ hypothesis, the medians minimize $$m \mapsto \Phi(m) := \int_{\mathbb R} \bigl(\|x - m\| - \|x\|\bigr) \, d\mathbf P(x) \,.$$ (This is not exactly, when $\tau = 1/2$ — the value of $\tau$ corresponding to medians —, the function defined in , because of a factor $2$.) This extends to quantiles. This paper gives “Convex Analysis” proofs of these results. With our process the function $\Phi$ appears naturally. We emphasize the links with some notions about functions of bounded variation developed by J.J. Moreau. I began this paper being unaware of Koltchinskii [@Kol]. This 1997 work is more devoted to the multivariate case. See some other comments in Section \[convexview\]. Definitions and notations {#DN} ========================= Let $\mathbf P$ be a probability law on $\mathbb R$. If necessary $X$ will denote a random variable obeying the law $\mathbf P$. The law $\mathbf P$ is of order $p$ ($p \in \{1,2\}$) if $X$ is of order $p$, which writes $X \in L^p$. If no integrability condition on $X$ is assumed, specialists write $X \in L^0$ (order $0$). When $\mathbf P$ is of order $1$ the mean $\mathbb E(X)$ does exist. When $\mathbf P$ of order $0$ there exists a non-empty compact interval of medians (the definition of a median is included in that of a quantile below). Let $F$ be the right-continuous distribution function: $$F(x) := \mathbf P(\left]-\infty,x\right]) = \mathbf P({X \leq x}) \,.$$ For $\tau \in \ ]0,1[$ (usually in Statistics $0.95$ or $0.99$ etc.) a real number $\bar q$ is a $\tau$-quantile if $$\mathbf P(X \leq \bar q) \geq \tau \quad \text{and} \quad \mathbf P(X \geq \bar q) \geq 1 - \tau$$ or maybe more plainly $$\mathbf P({X < \bar q}) \leq \tau \leq \mathbf P(X \leq \bar q)$$ (note that $x \mapsto \mathbf P({X < x})$ is the left-continuous version $F^-$ of $F$). When $\tau = 1/2$ one recovers median(s). A geometrical definition of $\tau$-quantiles is the following: their set is the projection on $\mathbb R$ of the intersection of $\mathbb R \times \{\tau\}$ with the filled-in graph[^1] $G$ of $F$. That is, the set of $\tau$-quantiles is $$\{\bar q \in \mathbb R \,;\, (\bar q,\tau) \in G \} \,.$$ This geometrical definition operates when $\tau = 0$ or $1$. For example the set of $1$-quantiles is the closed, possibly empty, interval $\{q \in \mathbb R \,;\, F(q) = 1\}$ and the set of $0$-quantiles is the closed, possibly empty, interval $\{q \in \mathbb R \,;\, F^-(q) = 0\}$. A real number candidate to be the mean or a median will be denoted by $m$. A candidate to be a quantile will be denoted by $q$. Medians and quantiles as minimizers {#Mq} =================================== Well known[^2] is the result: If $\mathbf P$ is of order $1$, $\,\overline{\!m}$ is a median if and only if it minimizes on $\mathbb R$ the function $$m \mapsto \int_\mathbb R \|x - m \| \, d\mathbf P(x) \,.$$ Surprising are: the assumption about order $1$, and the fact that medians depend only on the structure of ordered space of $\mathbb R$ and not on its metric (nor on its group structure, nor on Haar measure). An “answer”, at least relatively to the “order $1$” assumption, is the following. Well known too[^3] is the result: If $\mathbf P$ is any law, $x \mapsto \|x - m \| - \|x\|$ is $\mathbf P$-integrable (obviously $\bigl\|\|x - m \| - \|x\|\bigr\| \leq \|m\|$) and $\,\overline{\!m}$ is a median if and only if it minimizes on $\mathbb R$ the function $$m \mapsto \int_\mathbb R \bigl(\|x - m \| - \|x\|\bigr) \, d\mathbf P(x) \,.$$ The notion of median extends to $\mathbb R^d$ and to Banach spaces: see [@Kem; @Kol; @MD] and there exist conditional medians [@V3]; Kemperman [@Kem] and Milasevic & Ducharme [@MD] gave in the multivariate case a sufficient condition implying uniqueness of the median (see already in 1948 Haldane [@Ha]). These questions will not be considered here. The interest of medians comes from robustness, i.e., stability with respect to outliers values. Maybe the notions of means in metric spaces going back to Fréchet (see [@Fr] and many other papers by the same author) should be revisited. See the papers by Armatte [@A1; @A2], the first one containing more than six pages of Fréchet’s references. Numerous authors studied random variables with values in a metric space: for instance [@BH; @RF]. Now we turn to quantiles. T.S. Ferguson [@Fe1 Exercise 1.8.3 p.51, solution in [@Fe2]] says that[^4]: If $\tau \in \ ]0,1[$ and $\mathbf P$ is of order $1$, $\,\overline{\!q}$ is a $\tau$-quantile if and only if it minimizes on $\mathbb R$ the function $$q \mapsto \int \rho_\tau(x - q) \, d\mathbf P(x) \,.$$ where $$\label{rho} \rho_\tau(x) = \frac{1}{2} \, \|x\| + \bigl(\tau - \frac{1}{2}\bigr) \, x = \begin{cases} (\tau - 1) \, x &\text{if } x \leq 0, \\ \tau \, x &\text{if } x \geq 0. \end{cases}$$ My purpose here is to give a Convex Analysis proof of the extension to any probability law and to follow a natural way. Surely Koltchinskii [@Kol] contains the statement but his framework is multivariate. A Convex Analysis point of view {#convexview} =============================== The filled-in graph $G$ defined in Section \[DN\] is a subset of $\mathbb R^2$ which is a maximal monotone operator [@RW Chapter 12] (and therefore a maximal cyclically monotone one because of dimension $1$, cf. [@RW 12.6 pp.547–548]). Let $\mathbf F$ be the primitive (antiderivative) of $F$ null at $0$: $$\mathbf F(x) = \begin{cases} \displaystyle \int_0^x F(u) \, du &\text{if } x \geq 0, \\ \displaystyle -\int_x^0 F(u) \, du &\text{if } x < 0 \,. \end{cases}$$ Several textbooks treats convexity. One of the most fundamental is [@Mor1]. Since $F$ is nondecreasing $\mathbf F$ is convex. The sub-derivative of $\mathbf F$ at $x$ is $$\partial \mathbf F(x) = \{\ell \in \mathbb R \,;\, \forall h\in \mathbb R,\ \ell \, h \leq \mathbf F(x + h) \} \,.$$ \[monotone\] The graph of the multifunction $x \mapsto \partial \mathbf F(x)$ is nothing else but the filled-in graph $G$ of the graph of $F$: $$G = \{(x,\ell) \in \mathbb R^2 \,;\, \ell \in \partial \mathbf F(x) \} \,.$$ [Proof.]{} Let $\mathbf F'(x;w)$ denote the directional derivative of $\mathbf F$ at $x$ in the direction $w$. There holds $$\partial \mathbf F(x) = [-\mathbf F'(x;-1),\mathbf F'(x;1)] \,.$$ Then, since $F$ is right continuous, $$\begin{aligned} \mathbf F'(x;1) &= \lim_{h \searrow 0} \frac{\mathbf F(x + h) - \mathbf F(x)}{h} \\ &= \lim_{h \searrow 0} \frac{1}{h} \, \int_x^{x+h} F(u) \, du \\ &= F(x) \end{aligned}$$ and, since $\mathbf F$ is as well the primitive of $F^-$, $$\begin{aligned} \mathbf F'(x;-1) &= \lim_{h \searrow 0} \frac{\mathbf F(x - h) - \mathbf F(x)}{h} \\ &= -\lim_{h \searrow 0} \frac{1}{h} \, \int_{x-h}^x F^-(u) \, du \\ &= -F^-(x) \,. \end{aligned}$$ Therefore $$\partial \mathbf F(x) = [F^-(x),F(x)] \,. \quad \Box$$ In such a situation a natural question is: what does give the minimisation of $\mathbf F$? Obviously the infimum may be $-\infty$: this is why we cannot consider $\displaystyle \int_{-\infty}^x F(u) \, du$. But with a slope $\tau$ belonging to $]0,1[$ the function $$q \mapsto \mathbf F(q) - \tau \, q$$ does achieves minimum(s) and $\bar q$ is a minimum if and only if $0 \in -\tau + \partial \mathbf F(\bar q)$. This is equivalent to $(\bar q,\tau) \in G$, that is, $\bar q$ is a $\tau$-quantile. [Scholium]{} Let $\mathbf F$ denote a primitive of $F$. For $\tau \in \left]0,1\right[$, $$\label{infimum} \bar q\, \text{ is a $\tau$-quantile} \Longleftrightarrow \bar q \text{ minimizes } q \mapsto \mathbf F(q) - \tau \, q \,.$$ Next Lemma is an integration by parts result. We follow a proof by Schilling but we could deduce the statement from results by Rockafellar [@Ro Prop.1 pp.161–162] or Moreau [@Mor3 Section 11]. This will be detailed elsewhere. \[quantileplus\] Let $a < b$ in $\mathbb R$. Then (note the half-open interval $]a,b]$) $$\label{JJ} \int_{]a,b]} x \, d\mathbf P(x) = b \, F(b) - a \, F(a) - \int_a^b F(x) \, dx \,.$$ [Proof]{} (from Schilling [@S1 Exercise 13.13 p.133] and its solution on the Net [@S2 pp.10–12]). For the product of the Lebesgue measure (we denote it by $dx$) and of $\mathbf P$ $$\label{S1} (dx \otimes d\mathbf P)(]a,b]^2) = (b - a) \, [F(b) - F(a)] \,.$$ And moreover $$\begin{aligned} \label{S2} (dx &\otimes d\mathbf P)(]a,b]^2) = \nonumber \\ &= \iint \mathbf 1_{]a,b]}(x) \, \mathbf 1_{]x,b]}(y) \, dx \, d\mathbf P(y) + \iint \mathbf 1_{]a,b]}(x) \, \mathbf 1_{]a,x]}(y) \, dx \, d\mathbf P(y) \nonumber \\ &= \iint \mathbf 1_{]a,b]}(x) \, \mathbf 1_{]x,b]}(y) \, dx \, d\mathbf P(y) \overset{\text{Tonelli}}{+} \iint \mathbf 1_{]a,b]}(y) \, \mathbf 1_{[y,b]}(x) \, dx \, d\mathbf P(y) \nonumber \\ &= \int_{]a,b]} [F(b) - F(x)] \, dx + \int_{]a,b]} (b - y) \, d\mathbf P(y) \nonumber \\ &= (b - a) \, F(b) - \int_a^b F(x) \, dx + b \, [F(b) - F(a)] - \int_{]a,b]} y \, d\mathbf P(y) \,. \end{aligned}$$ Comparing and one gets . $\Box$ Now let[^5] ($\rho_\tau$ is defined in above) $$\label{Phi} \Phi (q) := \int_{\mathbb R} \bigl(\rho_\tau(x - q) - \rho_\tau(x)\bigr) \, d\mathbf P(x)$$ (note that the function $x \mapsto \rho_\tau(x - q) - \rho_\tau(x)$ is bounded on $\mathbb R$). \[primitive\] Let $\tau \in \left]0,1\right[$ and $\mathbf P$ be a law on $\mathbb R$. There holds $$\label{prim} \Phi(q) = \begin{cases} -\tau \, q + \int_{]0,q]} F(x) \, dx &\text{\rm if } q \geq 0, \\ -\tau \, q - \int_{]q,0]} F(x) \, dx &\text{\rm if } q < 0, \end{cases}$$ that is, $\Phi(q) = \mathbf F(q) -\tau \, q$. The function $\Phi$ is convex and inf-compact. The value $\bar q$ is a $\tau$-quantile if and only if it minimizes the function $\Phi$. [Comments.]{} Part 3) below is a bit technical. Surely careless calculus would be quicker: the formal calculus $$\begin{aligned} \Phi'(q) &= \int_\mathbb R \frac{d}{dq} \bigl(\rho_\tau(x - q) - \rho_\tau(x)\bigr) \, d\mathbf P(x) \\ &= \int_{-\infty}^q (1 - \tau) \, d\mathbf P + \int_q^{+\infty} (-\tau) \, d\mathbf P \\ &= (1 - \tau) \, F(q) - \tau \, \bigl(1 - F(q)\bigr) \\ &= F(q)- \tau \end{aligned}$$ leads to $$\Phi'(q) = 0 \Longleftrightarrow F(q) = \tau \ \text{!}$$ [Proof.]{} 1) Firstly $x \mapsto \rho_\tau(x - q) - \rho_\tau(x)$ is less than $\tau \, \|q\|$ if $\tau \geq 1/2$ or than $(1 - \tau) \, \|q\|$ if $\tau \leq 1/2$. Or more roughly $\forall x$, $\|\rho_\tau(x - q) - \rho_\tau(x)\| \leq \|q\|$. So the integral is well defined. 2\) The function $\rho_\tau$ defined by being convex, the convexity of $q\mapsto \rho_\tau(x - q) - \rho_\tau(x)$ is trivial, hence the convexity of $\Phi$. 3\) We now prove $\Phi(q) \rightarrow +\infty$ as $\|q\| \rightarrow +\infty$. For $q \geq 0$, $$\rho_\tau(x - q) - \rho_\tau(x) = \begin{cases} (1 - \tau) \, q &\text{if } x \in \left]-\infty,0\right], \\ (1 - \tau) \, q - x &\text{if } x \in \left]0,q\right], \\ -\tau \, q &\text{if } x \in \left]q,+\infty\right[, \end{cases}$$ and, for $q < 0$, $$\rho_\tau(x - q) - \rho_\tau(x) = \begin{cases} (1 - \tau) \, q &\text{if } x \in \left]-\infty,q\right], \\ x - \tau \, q &\text{if } x \in \left]q,0\right], \\ -\tau \, q &\text{if } x \in \left]0,+\infty\right[. \end{cases}$$ Hence, if $q \geq 0$ (we will apply formula between lines 2 and 3), $$\begin{aligned} \Phi(q) &= (1 - \tau) \, q \, \mathbf P(\left]-\infty,0\right]) + \int_{]0,q]} \bigl((1 - \tau) \, q - x\bigr) \, d\mathbf P(x) -\tau \, q \, \mathbf P(]q,+\infty[) \nonumber \\ &= (1 - \tau) \, q \, \mathbf P(\left]-\infty,q\right]) - \int_{]0,q]} x \, d\mathbf P(x) -\tau \, q \, \mathbf P(]q,+\infty[) \nonumber \\ &= (1 - \tau) \, q \, \mathbf P(\left]-\infty,q\right]) - \left[x \, F(x)\right]_0^q + \int_{]0,q]} x \, F(x) \, dx -\tau \, q \, \mathbf P(]q,+\infty[) \nonumber \\ &= (1 - \tau) \, q \, F(q) - q \, F(q) + \int_{]0,q]} x \, F(x) \, dx -\tau \, q \, (1 - F(q)) \nonumber \\ &= -\tau \, q + \int_{]0,q]} F(x) \, dx \,. \label{Phi1} \end{aligned}$$ When $q \rightarrow +\infty$ the mean value of $F$ over $]0,q]$ ultimately exceeds any value in $]\tau,1[$, so $\Phi(q) \rightarrow +\infty$. (More plainly for $q >\tau$, $\Phi(q) = \int_{]0,\tau]}\bigl(F(x)-\tau\bigr) \, dx + \int_{]\tau,q]}\bigl(F(x)-\tau\bigr) \, dx$ and $F(x) - \tau \rightarrow 1 - \tau >0$ as $x \rightarrow \infty$.) On the other hand, if $q < 0$, (we again apply between lines 2 and 3), $$\begin{aligned} \Phi(q) &= (1 - \tau) \, q \, \mathbf P(\left]-\infty,q\right]) + \int_{]q,0]} (x - \tau \, q) \, d\mathbf P(x) -\tau \, q \, \mathbf P(]0,+\infty[) \nonumber \\ &= (1 - \tau) \, q \, \mathbf P(\left]-\infty,q\right]) + \int_{]q,0]} x \, d\mathbf P(x) -\tau \, q \, \mathbf P(]q,+\infty[) \nonumber \\ &= (1 - \tau) \, q \, \mathbf P(\left]-\infty,q\right]) + \left[x \, F(x\right]_q^0 - \int_{]q,0]} x \, F(x) \, dx - \tau \, q \, \mathbf P(]q,+\infty[) \nonumber \\ &= (1 - \tau) \, q \, F(q) -q \, F(q) - \int_{]q,0]} x \, F(x) \, dx - \tau \, q \, (1 - F(q)) \nonumber \\ &= -\tau \, q - \int_{]q,0]} F(x) \, dx \,. \label{Phi2} \end{aligned}$$ When $q \rightarrow -\infty$ the mean value of $F$ over $]q,0]$ ultimately passes under any value in $]0,\tau[$, so $\Phi(q) \rightarrow +\infty$. Thus the finite valued convex function $\Phi$ is inf-compact, so it achieves its infimum over a non-empty compact interval. By and $$\Phi(q) = \mathbf F(q) -\tau \, q \,.$$ From the minimizers are the $\tau$-quantiles. $\Box$ \[quantile\] Let $\tau \in \left]0,1\right[$ and $\mathbf P$ be a first order law on $\mathbb R$ then $$\bar q \text{ is a $\tau$-quantile} \Longleftrightarrow \bar q \text{ minimizes } q \mapsto \int_{\mathbb R} \rho_\tau(x - q) \, d\mathbf P(x) \,.$$ [Proof.]{} The term $$\int_{\mathbb R} \rho_\tau(x) \, d\mathbf P(x)$$ is finite and does not depend on $q$. Hence one can add it to the right-hand side of . $\Box$ A direct proof ============== Classically the convex function $\Phi$ on $\mathbb R$ achieves a minimum at $\bar q$ if and only if the left and right derivatives of $\Phi$ at $\bar q$ are respectively $\leq 0$ and $\geq 0$. \[quantileplus\] Let $\tau \in \left]0,1\right[$ and $\mathbf P$ be a law on $\mathbb R$. The right derivative of $\Phi$ at $\bar q$ is $\geq 0$ if and only if $\mathbf P(\left]-\infty,\bar q\,\right])$ is $\geq \tau$. The derivative of $\Phi$ at $\bar q$ in direction $-1$ is $\geq 0$ if and only if $\mathbf P(\left]-\infty,\bar q\right[)$ is $\leq \tau$. [Proof.]{} We have to reformulate the inequalities $$\Phi'(\bar q;1) = \lim_{h \searrow 0} \frac{\Phi(\bar q + h) - \Phi(\bar q)}{h} \geq 0$$ and $$\Phi'(\bar q;-1) = \lim_{h \searrow 0} \frac{\Phi(\bar q - h) - \Phi(\bar q)}{h} \geq 0$$ the second one expressing the positiveness of the directional derivative at $\bar q$ in the direction $-1$ (another way to say that the left derivative is $\leq 0$). a\) Firstly let us consider the right derivative at $\bar q$. One has $$\frac{\Phi(\bar q + h) - \Phi(\bar q)}{h} = \frac{1}{h}\int_{\mathbb R} \bigl(\rho_\tau(x - \bar q - h) - \rho_\tau(x - \bar q)\bigr) \, d\mathbf P(x) \,.$$ The integral splits into $$\int_{\left]-\infty,\bar q\right]} + \int_{]\bar q,\bar q + h[} + \int_{[\bar q + h,+\infty[}$$ where the (non written) integrands are respectively $(1 - \tau)\,h$, a function bounded above by $h$ (on a vanishing domain[^6]) and $-\tau \, h$ (on a domain which converges to $]\bar q,+\infty[$). Hence $$\begin{aligned} \lim_{h \searrow 0} \frac{\Phi(\bar q + h) - \Phi(\bar q)}{h} &= (1-\tau) \, \mathbf P(\left]-\infty,\bar q\right]) + (-\tau)\, \mathbf P(]\bar q,+\infty[) \\ &= \mathbf P(\left]-\infty,\bar q\right]) - \tau \,. \end{aligned}$$ Thus the right derivative is $\geq 0$ if and only if $\mathbf P(\left]-\infty,\bar q\right])$ is $\geq \tau$. b\) We turn now[^7] to the directional derivative in the direction $-1$. One has $$\frac{\Phi(\bar q - h) - \Phi(\bar q)}{h} = \frac{1}{h}\int_{\mathbb R} \bigl(\rho_\tau(x - \bar q + h) - \rho_\tau(x - \bar q)\bigr) \, d\mathbf P(x) \,.$$ The integral splits into $$\int_{\left]-\infty,\bar q - h\right]} + \int_{]\bar q - h,\bar q[} + \int_{[\bar q,+\infty[}$$ where the integrands are respectively $-(1 - \tau)\,h$ (over a domain which converges to $\left]-\infty,\bar q\right[$), a function bounded above by $h$ (the domain being vanishing) and $\tau \, h$. Whence $$\begin{aligned} \lim_{h \searrow 0} \frac{\Phi(\bar q - h) - \Phi(\bar q)}{h} &= -(1-\tau) \, \mathbf P(\left]-\infty,\bar q\right[) + \tau\, \mathbf P([\bar q,+\infty[) \\ &= -\mathbf P(\left]-\infty,\bar q\right[) + \tau \,. \end{aligned}$$ Thus the directional derivative in the direction $-1$ is $\geq 0$ if and only if $\mathbf P(\left]-\infty,\bar q\right[)$ is $\leq \tau$. $\Box$ [Acknowledgments.]{} Thanks to Manuel Monteiro Marques, Paul Raynaud de Fitte and Lionel Thibault for their comments. They are not responsible of possible weaknesses. [DCD2]{} Armatte, M., Maurice Fréchet statisticien, enquêteur et agitateur public, Revue d’histoire des mathématiques, [7]{} (2001) 7–65. Armatte, M., Fréchet et la médiane: un moment dans une histoire de la robustesse, J. Soc. Fr. Stat., [147]{} (2006) 23–37. Belili, N. & Heinich, H., Median for metric spaces, Appl. Math. (Warsaw), [28]{} (2001) 191–209. Dacunha-Castelle, D. & Duflo, M., Probabilités et statistiques, 1. Problèmes à temps fixe, Masson, Paris, 1982. Dacunha-Castelle, D. & Duflo, M., Exercices de probabilités et statistiques, 1. Problèmes à temps fixe, Masson, Paris, 1982. Ferguson, T.S., Mathematical statistics: a decision theoretic approach, Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Vol.1 Academic Press, New York-London 1967. Ferguson, T.S., see at [http://www.math.ucla.edu/$\sim$tom/]{} “Solutions to Selected Exercises”: [](http://www.math.ucla.edu/~tom/MathematicalStatistics/Sec18.pdf) Foata, D. & Fuchs, A., Calcul des probabilités, deuxième édition, Dunod, Paris, 1998. Fréchet M., Les éléments aléatoires de nature quelconque dans un espace distancié, Ann. Inst. H.Poincaré, Sect. B, Prob. et Stat., [10]{} (1948) 215–310. This text, and other papers by this author, is on [numdam.org]{}. Haldane, J.B.S., Note on the median of a multivariate distribution, Biometrika, [35]{} (1948) 414–415. Ioffe, A.D. & Tihomirov, V.M., Theory of extremal problems, Studies in Mathematics and its Applications, [6]{}, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam-New York, 1979. Kemperman J.H.B., The median of a finite measure on a Banach space, Statistical data analysis based on the $L_1$-norm and related methods (Neuchâtel, 1987), 217–230, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987. Koenker, R., Quantile Regression, Econometric Society Monographs, 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005. Koenker, R. & Bassett G., Regression Quantiles, Econometrica, [46]{} (1978) 33–50. Koltchinskii, V.I. $M$-estimation, convexity and quantiles, Ann. Statist., [25]{} (1997) 435–477. Milasevic, P. & Ducharme, G.R., Uniqueness of the spatial median, Ann. Statist., [15]{} (1987) 1332–1333. Monteiro Marques, M.D.P., Regularization and graph approximation of a discontinuous evolution problem, J. Differential Equations, [67]{} (1987) 145–164. Monteiro Marques, M.D.P., Differential inclusions in nonsmooth mechanical problems. Shocks and dry friction, Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and their Applications, [9]{}. Birkh[ä]{}user Verlag, Basel, 1993. Moreau, J.J., Fonctionnelles convexes, Séminaire sur les Équations aux Dérivées Partielles (1966–1967) II, Collège de France, Paris (1967), 108 pages (reedited in 2003 in 950 copies by Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”). This hard to find text is on [numdam.org]{} (including an errata page). Moreau, J.J., Approximation en graphe d’une évolution discontinue, RAIRO Anal. Numér., [12]{} (1978) 75–84. Moreau, J.J., Bounded variation in time, in Topics in nonsmooth mechanics (J.J. Moreau, P.D. Panagiotopoulos, G. Strang eds), Birkh[ä]{}user, Basel, 1988. pp. 1–74. Raynaud de Fitte, P., Théorème ergodique ponctuel et lois fortes des grands nombres pour des points aléatoires d’un espace métrique à courbure négative, Ann. Probab., [25]{} (1997) 738–766. Rockafellar, R.T., Dual problems of Lagrange for arcs of bounded variation, in Calculus of Variations and Control Theory (ed. by D.L. Russel), Academic Press, New York 1976, pp.155–192. Rockafellar, R.T. & Wets, R.J.-B., Variational analysis, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, 317, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1998. Schilling, R.L., Measures, integrals and martingales, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005. Schilling, R.L., [](http://www.motapa.de/measures_integrals_and_martingales/solutions13+14.pdf) Valadier, M., Sur l’intégration d’ensembles convexes compacts en dimension infinie, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. A-B, [266]{} (1968) A14–A16. Valadier, M., Sous-différentiels d’une borne supérieure et d’une somme continue de fonctions convexes, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. A-B, [268]{} (1969) 39–42. Valadier, M., La muti-application médianes conditionnelles, Z. Wahrsch. Verw. Gebiete, [67]{} (1984) 279–282. [^1]: This graph is obtained from the graph of $F$ by adding vertical segments when there are gaps, thus obtaining an arcwise connected curve: $$G = \{(x,y) \,;\, x \in \mathbb R \text{ and } y \in [F^-(x),F(x)]\} \,.$$ This comes from Monteiro Marques and Moreau works on the sweeping process: [@MM1 p.147], [@MM2 p.15], some ideas coming back to [@Mor2]. In Section \[convexview\] the filled-in graph will be seen as a maximal monotone operator. [^2]: In French textbooks: [@DCD1 Exercice E.11 p.71] (solution page 28 of [@DCD2]), and Théorème 10.1 page 93 in [@FF]. See also [@Fe1 ex.1.8.2 p.51] and its solution in [@Fe2]. [^3]: Exercises in French Universities and surely in many countries... [^4]: This result is appreciated by specialists: [@Koe first chapter] and already [@KB p.38]. [^5]: Koltchinskii [@Kol] considers the same functional. See specially two lines after his formula (1.1) page 436 where he sets $f_{P,t}(s) := f_P(s) - s \, t$: there $s$ is my variable $q$ and $t$ my threshold $\tau$. Comparisons are not easy. He also uses (on pp.439–440) a multivalued integration result [@IT Th.8.3.4]. I got similar results earlier in [@V1; @V2] but Ioffe and Tihomirov published also some papers on these questions before their book. [^6]: The open intervals $]\bar q,\bar q + h[$ decrease when $h \searrow 0$ and have empty intersection. In order to apply convergence theorems of Integration Theory one should consider — and this is sufficient — a sequence $(h_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}$ satisfying $h_n \searrow 0$. [^7]: Minus signs are always more perilous.
London Marathon 2018 for Isabella Lyttle. I am going to be running 26.2 miles around London. for Solving Kids' Cancer because Funds are needed to get Isabella treatment. Like most girls her age, 11 years old Isabella enjoys Disney, crafting and playing with her friends. Strong and positive, her maturity is way beyond her years! Sadly however, Isabella has spent much of her childhood in hospital, fighting hard to be where she is today. She was diagnosed in October 2010 with high risk neuroblastoma, when she was 3 ½ years old. Having gone through a grueling treatment regime, she achieved remission in April 2012, much to her family’s delight. While they desperately hoped they’d be able to put the nightmare behind them, this hasn’t been possible. Since Isabella’s diagnosis, she has relapsed a further 3 times, most recently in March 2017. Isabella is being treated with chemotherapy to try and stop the growth of the tumours but her next stage of treatment may involve a new Phase 1 clinical trial in the UK. With no results from the trial, it’s impossible for everyone involved in Isabella’s care to ascertain whether this will be successful for her. “If the phase 1 trial is unsuccessful then we know we will have to take Isabella overseas for treatment as we will have exhausted all options in the UK,” Jennie and Mark, Isabella’s parents. Trying to be prepared, they are now researching all options. Should the best option for Isabella exist overseas, which will not be NHS-funded, her parents are appealing for your support to help raise funds to access the treatment when they need to. The cost will run into the tens (if not hundreds) of thousands of pounds. “We are devastated to hear that once again, Isabella has relapsed, and once again, she is battling for her life at the age of nine. We now know that options for our beautiful daughter are rapidly running out in the UK.” – Jennie and Mark. For more information about Solving Kids' Cancer, visit our website.	https://www.justgiving.com/fundraising/paula-pearce6
A Short Guide to Infrastructure Security and Resiliency November is Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience Month. Recently, we shared tips for protecting each designated critical infrastructure sector: Critical Infrastructure and Public Protection Strategies: Part 1 Critical Infrastructure and Public Protection Strategies: Part 2 In this blog post, we’ll look into what security and resiliency really mean for critical infrastructures such as water monitoring systems and emergency services. We’ll also examine how any organization, regardless of industry, can measure risk and improve its cyber defenses. Start with infrastructure security At CIS®, we encourage users to start secure and stay secure. But what does security really mean? For critical infrastructure sectors, security is defined by Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21): The terms ‘secure’ and ‘security’ refer to reducing the risk to critical infrastructure by physical means or defense cyber measures to intrusions, attacks, or the effects of natural or manmade disasters. Organizations can implement security in different ways, including both physical and cybersecurity measures. Examples include: - Installing ID badge verification at doorways - Using security fencing around buildings - Deploying network monitoring - Locking devices (such as laptops and cell phones) when not in use Build with resilience According to the same policy directive (PPD-21), critical infrastructure sectors should strive for resilience: The term ‘resilience’ means the ability to prepare for and adapt to changing conditions and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions. Resilience includes the ability to withstand and recover from deliberate attacks, accidents, or naturally occurring threats or incidents. As with security, there are both physical- and cyber-resilience strategies organizations undertake, such as: - Having a backup power generator - Developing a business continuity plan - Building with materials appropriate to the area’s natural risks - Implementing annual cybersecurity training for employees Manage the risk One key concept behind both security and resiliency is managing risk. PPD-21 explains that critical infrastructure “owners and operators are uniquely positioned to manage risks to their individual operations and assets, and to determine effective strategies to make them more secure and resilient.” Cyber risks include DDoS attacks, malware, phishing scams, data breaches, and more. So how can critical infrastructure sectors and other organizations get prepared? To help organizations understand and mitigate cyber risks, we offer a free resource known as CIS RAM (CIS Risk Assessment Method). CIS RAM helps organizations conduct a cyber risk assessment and implement cybersecurity best practices found in the CIS Controls™. The method provides three pathways based on your organization’s experience with cyber risk: - For organizations new to risk analysis, CIS RAM provides instructions for modeling threats against the CIS Controls. - CIS RAM helps organizations more experienced with cybersecurity model threats against information assets. - For cyber risk experts, CIS RAM offers instructions for analyzing risks based on “attack paths.” The Road Ahead Building organizational security and resiliency can be especially challenging when dealing with cyber threats. By conducting a cyber risk assessment, organizations can invest time upfront to ensure they are implementing informed policies and processes. This helps ensure security controls are effective against real-world threats. CIS RAM is one method to help organizations get started and assess against risk-based cybersecurity models.	https://www.cisecurity.org/insights/blog/a-short-guide-to-infrastructure-security-and-resiliency
There was an explorer Henry Nelson traveling all over the world. One day he reached an ancient building. He decided to enter this building for his interest, but its entrance seemed to be locked by a strange security system. There were some black and white panels placed on a line at equal intervals in front of the entrance, and a strange machine with a cryptogram attached. After a while, he managed to read this cryptogram: this entrance would be unlocked when the panels were rearranged in a certain order, and he needed to use this special machine to change the order of panels. turn on a special switch of the machine to have the two marked panels swapped. It was impossible to have more than two panels marked simultaneously. The marks would be erased every time the panels are swapped. He had to change the order of panels by a number of swaps to enter the building. Unfortunately, however, the machine was so heavy that he didn’t want to move it more than needed. Then which steps could be the best? Your task is to write a program that finds the minimum cost needed to rearrange the panels, where moving the machine between adjacent panels is defined to require the cost of one. You can arbitrarily choose the initial position of the machine, and don’t have to count the cost for moving the machine to that position. Each dataset consists of three lines. The first line contains an integer N, which indicates the number of panels (2 ≤ N ≤ 16). The second and third lines contain N characters each, and describe the initial and final orders of the panels respectively. Each character in these descriptions is either ‘B’ (for black) or ‘W’ (for white) and denotes the color of the panel. The panels of the same color should not be distinguished. The input is terminated by a line with a single zero. For each dataset, output the minimum cost on a line. You can assume that there is at least one way to change the order of the panels from the initial one to the final one.	https://www.acmicpc.net/problem/13828
Enterprise Products Partners L.P. (NYSE:EPD) Director Randa Duncan Williams acquired 50,000 shares of the firm’s stock in a transaction dated Wednesday, February 12th. The shares were purchased at an average cost of $26.50 per share, for a total transaction of $1,325,000.00. Randa Duncan Williams also recently made the following trade(s): Get Enterprise Products Partners alerts: On Monday, February 10th, Randa Duncan Williams acquired 50,000 shares of Enterprise Products Partners stock. The shares were acquired at an average price of $25.49 per share, with a total value of $1,274,500.00. On Friday, February 7th, Randa Duncan Williams bought 50,000 shares of Enterprise Products Partners stock. The stock was bought at an average price of $25.56 per share, with a total value of $1,278,000.00. On Wednesday, February 5th, Randa Duncan Williams purchased 50,000 shares of Enterprise Products Partners stock. The shares were purchased at an average price of $26.33 per share, for a total transaction of $1,316,500.00. On Monday, February 3rd, Randa Duncan Williams bought 200,000 shares of Enterprise Products Partners stock. The shares were acquired at an average price of $25.62 per share, with a total value of $5,124,000.00. On Monday, December 30th, Randa Duncan Williams purchased 103,000 shares of Enterprise Products Partners stock. The stock was purchased at an average price of $28.13 per share, with a total value of $2,897,390.00. On Wednesday, December 18th, Randa Duncan Williams acquired 1,600 shares of Enterprise Products Partners stock. The stock was acquired at an average cost of $27.99 per share, with a total value of $44,784.00. On Monday, December 16th, Randa Duncan Williams bought 177,000 shares of Enterprise Products Partners stock. The shares were bought at an average price of $27.65 per share, with a total value of $4,894,050.00. On Thursday, December 12th, Randa Duncan Williams purchased 37,196 shares of Enterprise Products Partners stock. The stock was purchased at an average price of $27.85 per share, for a total transaction of $1,035,908.60. On Wednesday, December 4th, Randa Duncan Williams acquired 322,000 shares of Enterprise Products Partners stock. The stock was acquired at an average cost of $25.96 per share, with a total value of $8,359,120.00. On Monday, December 2nd, Randa Duncan Williams bought 240,000 shares of Enterprise Products Partners stock. The stock was bought at an average price of $26.00 per share, with a total value of $6,240,000.00. NYSE:EPD traded up $0.79 during trading hours on Wednesday, hitting $26.50. 5,094,439 shares of the stock were exchanged, compared to its average volume of 5,796,457. Enterprise Products Partners L.P. has a 52-week low of $25.04 and a 52-week high of $30.86. The firm’s fifty day moving average price is $27.62 and its 200 day moving average price is $27.77. The company has a current ratio of 0.91, a quick ratio of 0.72 and a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.00. The company has a market cap of $55.80 billion, a P/E ratio of 12.74, a P/E/G ratio of 2.91 and a beta of 0.89. Enterprise Products Partners (NYSE:EPD) last released its earnings results on Thursday, January 30th. The oil and gas producer reported $0.50 earnings per share for the quarter, missing the consensus estimate of $0.54 by ($0.04). The firm had revenue of $8.01 billion during the quarter, compared to analysts’ expectations of $8.58 billion. Enterprise Products Partners had a net margin of 14.00% and a return on equity of 19.03%. The business’s revenue was down 12.8% compared to the same quarter last year. During the same quarter last year, the business earned $0.59 EPS. Equities analysts expect that Enterprise Products Partners L.P. will post 2.19 EPS for the current fiscal year. The company also recently disclosed a quarterly dividend, which will be paid on Wednesday, February 12th. Investors of record on Friday, January 31st will be paid a $0.445 dividend. This is an increase from Enterprise Products Partners’s previous quarterly dividend of $0.44. This represents a $1.78 annualized dividend and a yield of 6.72%. The ex-dividend date is Thursday, January 30th. Enterprise Products Partners’s dividend payout ratio is currently 82.79%. EPD has been the topic of a number of recent research reports. Morgan Stanley started coverage on Enterprise Products Partners in a research report on Monday, January 6th. They issued an “overweight” rating and a $32.00 target price on the stock. ValuEngine raised shares of Enterprise Products Partners from a “sell” rating to a “hold” rating in a research note on Friday, January 3rd. Two research analysts have rated the stock with a hold rating and eight have issued a buy rating to the company’s stock. Enterprise Products Partners presently has a consensus rating of “Buy” and an average target price of $33.88. A number of hedge funds have recently made changes to their positions in EPD. Cedar Mountain Advisors LLC purchased a new position in shares of Enterprise Products Partners in the fourth quarter worth about $28,000. Moser Wealth Advisors LLC acquired a new position in Enterprise Products Partners during the fourth quarter worth about $28,000. TCI Wealth Advisors Inc. grew its stake in Enterprise Products Partners by 400.0% during the 3rd quarter. TCI Wealth Advisors Inc. now owns 1,000 shares of the oil and gas producer’s stock valued at $29,000 after acquiring an additional 800 shares in the last quarter. D Orazio & Associates Inc. purchased a new stake in Enterprise Products Partners during the 3rd quarter valued at about $30,000. Finally, Raab & Moskowitz Asset Management LLC purchased a new stake in Enterprise Products Partners during the 4th quarter valued at about $33,000. Institutional investors own 36.81% of the company’s stock.
[Technical Field] [Background Art] [Citation List] [Patent Document] [Summary of Invention] [Technical Problem] [Solution to Problem] [Effects of Invention] [Brief Description of Drawings] [Description of Embodiments] (First embodiment) (Second embodiment) (Third embodiment) (Fourth embodiment) [Industrial Applicability] [Reference Signs List] The present invention relates to a seat pad. 2015-108150, filed May 28, 2015 Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. . In the related art, for example, a seat pad disclosed in the following Patent Document 1 is known. 2006-149466 JP 2014 226181A [Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. The document further describes a seat pad which is useful for understanding the invention. However, in the seat pad of the related art, there is a room for improvement in sitting comfort (stroke feeling) such that the seat pad can be appropriately bent upon sitting and a stable posture can be held. In consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention is directed to improve sitting comfort. A seat pad according to the present invention is a seat pad as defined in claim 1. According to the present invention, sitting comfort can be improved. Fig. 1 is a plan view of a seat pad according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the seat pad shown in . Fig. 3 Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the seat pad shown in , showing a state in which an occupant is seated. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a seat pad according to a comparative example of the present invention, showing a state in which an occupant is seated. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a seat pad according to a variant which is not according to the invention. Fig. 6 is a plan view of a seat pad according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 Fig. 6 is a side view of the seat pad shown in . Fig. 8 Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the seat pad shown in . Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a seat pad according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Figs. 1 to 4 Hereinafter, a seat pad 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to . Figs. 1 and 2 As shown in , the seat pad 10 is formed of a foamed molded body. The foamed molded body may be a soft resin foamed molded body molded by foaming a resin material, for example, soft polyurethane foam (soft resin) or the like. In an example shown, the seat pad 10 is integrally formed of the same material. The seat pad 10 is employed in a seat (a cockpit) attached to, for example, an automobile (a vehicle). The seat pad 10 includes a sitting surface 11 (a placing surface) with which an occupant who sits on the seat comes in contact. In the embodiment, a cushion pad or a back pad may be employed as the seat pad 10. Further, when a cushion pad is used as the seat pad 10, in a state in which the seat pad 10 is attached to the automobile, the sitting surface 11 is directed upward in a vertical direction, and a weight of an occupant is applied to the seat pad 10 from above. In addition, when a back pad is employed as the seat pad 10, in a state in which the seat pad 10 is attached to the automobile, the sitting surface 11 is directed toward a front side of the automobile, and the weight of an occupant is applied to the seat pad 10 from the front side. The seat pad 10 is formed in a flat rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a direction of the seat pad 10 perpendicular to the sitting surface 11 is a thickness direction H of the seat pad 10. A surface of the seat pad 10 directed toward a side opposite to the sitting surface (a side opposite to a placing surface) in the thickness direction H is an attachment surface 12 (a back surface) of the seat pad 10. The seat pad 10 is formed in a rectangular shape extending in a first lateral direction B1 and a second lateral direction B2 (a restricting direction) that are perpendicular to each other along the sitting surface 11 when seen in a plan view of the seat pad 10. Side surfaces of the seat pad 10 include a first side surface 13 extending in a direction perpendicular to the first lateral direction B1 and a second side surface 14 extending in a direction perpendicular to the second lateral direction B2. Further, the first lateral direction B1 may be, for example, a leftward/rightward direction of the automobile or a forward/rearward direction of the vehicle. Lateral slit sections 15 extending from an outer side toward an inner side of the seat pad 10 in the first lateral direction B1 are formed in the seat pad 10. The lateral slit sections 15 are formed at portions of the seat pad 10 disposed on both sides in the first lateral direction B1, and not formed at a central portion of the first lateral direction B1. The lateral slit sections 15 extend from the outer side toward the inner side of the seat pad 10 when seen in a plan view of the seat pad 10. End portions of the lateral slit sections 15 on an outer side in the first lateral direction B1 are open at back surfaces of the seat pad 10, and end portions of the lateral slit sections 15 inside in the first lateral direction B1 are not open at surfaces of the seat pad 10. The lateral slit sections 15 are open at the first side surface 13 and extend inward from the first side surface 13 in the first lateral direction B1. The sizes of the lateral slit sections 15 in the first lateral direction B1 are equal to each other throughout the length in the second lateral direction B2. The lateral slit sections 15 are smaller than the seat pad 10 in the second lateral direction B2 and are not open at the second side surface 14. The sizes of the lateral slit sections 15 in the second lateral direction B2 are, for example, about 10 to 25 mm. Fig. 2 As shown in , the lateral slit sections 15 gradually extend inward in the first lateral direction B1 and toward a side opposite to the sitting surface in the thickness direction H. At least portions of the lateral slit sections 15 gradually become smaller in the thickness direction H from the outer side toward the inner side of the seat pad 10 in the first lateral direction B1. In the example shown, the lateral slit sections 15 are gradually reduced in the thickness direction H from the outer side toward the inner side of the seat pad 10 throughout the length in the first lateral direction B1. Each of the lateral slit sections 15 formed in a triangular shape that narrows inward in the first lateral direction B1 in a cross-sectional view when the seat pad 10 is seen from the second lateral direction B2. Fig. 3 As described above, according to the seat pad 10 of the embodiment, the lateral slit sections 15 extending from the outer side toward the inner side of the seat pad 10 are formed in the seat pad 10 in the first lateral direction B1. Accordingly, as shown in , when an occupant sits on the sitting surface 11, as the seat pad 10 is deformed to narrow the lateral slit sections 15 in the thickness direction H, the seat pad 10 can be appropriately bent while minimizing hardness felt from the seat pad 10, and sitting comfort upon, for example, sitting, cornering, or the like, can be improved. Fig. 4 Further, as shown in , in the seat pad 100 in which the lateral slit sections 15 are not formed, when an occupant sits, a stretching feeling occurs in a central portion in the first lateral direction B1 having a large load. Further, at least portions of the lateral slit sections 15 are gradually reduced in the thickness direction H from the outer side toward the inner side of the seat pad 10 in the first lateral direction B1. Accordingly, portions of the lateral slit sections 15 having a relatively large size in the thickness direction H can be disposed at portions of the sitting surface 11 disposed at outer sides of the seat pad 10 to which a load cannot be easily applied when an occupant sits. Accordingly, the seat pad 10 can be bent within a wide area of the sitting surface 11 with a small deviation, and sitting comfort can be further improved. In addition, since the lateral slit sections 15 are gradually reduced in the thickness direction H from the outer side toward the inner side of the seat pad 10 throughout the length in the first lateral direction B1, the level of deformation of the seat pad 10 can be gradually changed in the first lateral direction B1, and the occurrence of discomfort when the seat pad 10 is bent can be effectively minimized. Fig. 5 Next, a seat pad 30 which does not fall under the scope of the claimed invention will be described with reference to . Further, components in this pad the same as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, a detailed description thereof will be omitted, and different points will be mainly described. In the seat pad 30 according to this version, each of the lateral slit sections 15 has a steep slope section 15a disposed on an outer side in the first lateral direction B1 and a gentle slope section 15b disposed on an inner side in the first lateral direction B1, which are connected to each other in the first lateral direction B1. The lateral slit sections 15 are open at the sitting surface 11. Figs. 6 to 8 Next, a seat pad 70 of a third embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to . Further, components in the third embodiment the same as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, a detailed description thereof will be omitted, and different points will be mainly described. Fig. 6 As shown in , in the seat pad 70 according to the embodiment, the lateral slit sections 15 are gradually elongated in the first lateral direction B1 from the outer side toward the inner side in the second lateral direction B2. End portions of the lateral slit sections 15 inside in the first lateral direction B1 are curved to protrude inward in the first lateral direction B1 when seen in a plan view of the seat pad 70. Fig. 8 As shown in , the lateral slit sections 15 are curved to be convex in the thickness direction H. In the example shown, the lateral slit sections 15 are curved to protrude toward a side opposite to the sitting surface in the thickness direction H. End portions of the lateral slit sections 15 on the inner sides in the first lateral direction B1 are disposed closer to a side opposite to the sitting surface in the thickness direction H than end portions of the lateral slit sections 15 on the outer sides in the first lateral direction B1. The lateral slit sections 15 are curved along an appearance of an occupant who sits on the seat. Fig. 7 As shown in , in the inner surfaces that divide the lateral slit sections 15, concavo-convex sections 18 continuous with each other in the second lateral direction B2 are formed in a first inner surface 16 disposed at the sitting surface 11 side in the thickness direction H and a second inner surface 17 disposed at a side opposite to the sitting surface in the thickness direction H, respectively. A concave section 18a and a convex section 18b that constitute each of the concavo-convex sections 18 extend in the first lateral direction B1. The concave section 18a and the convex section 18b are formed in a triangular shape in a front view when seen from the first lateral direction B1. In a first concavo-convex section 19 that is the concavo-convex section 18 formed on the first inner surface 16 and a second concavo-convex section 20 that is the concavo-convex section 18 formed on the second inner surface 17, in a front view when seen from the first lateral direction B1, wave forms formed by surfaces thereof are identical to each other. In the wave forms formed by the surfaces of the first concavo-convex section 19 and the second concavo-convex section 20, periods in the second lateral direction B2 and amplitudes in the thickness direction H are identical to each other. In the first concavo-convex section 19 and the second concavo-convex section 20, the concave section 18a and the convex section 18b thereof face each other in the thickness direction H. Figs. 6 and 7 As shown in , longitudinal slit sections 21 extending from the lateral slit sections 15 toward the sitting surface 11 in the thickness direction H are formed in the end portions of the lateral slit sections 15 in the second lateral direction B2. The longitudinal slit sections 21 are formed in both end portions of the lateral slit sections 15 in the second lateral direction B2. The longitudinal slit sections 21 are formed throughout the lengths of the lateral slit sections 15 in the first lateral direction B1. Each of the longitudinal slit sections 21 is formed in a linear shape extending in the first lateral direction B1 when seen in a plan view of the seat pad 70. The longitudinal slit sections 21 extend from the lateral slit sections 15 to the sitting surface 11 and are open at the sitting surface 11 throughout the length in the first lateral direction B1. As described above, according to the seat pad 70 of the embodiment, since the lateral slit sections 15 are curved to be convex in the thickness direction H, the lateral slit sections 15 can easily conform an appearance of an occupant who sits on the sitting surface 11. Accordingly, the seat pad 70 can bend along the outline of the occupant, whereby a fitting feeling can be improved and sitting comfort increased. Further, like the embodiment, when the lateral slit sections 15 are curved to protrude toward a side opposite to the sitting surface in the thickness direction H, the seat pad 70 can be effectively bent along the appearance of the occupant, and fit feeling can be further increased to improve sitting comfort. In addition, the longitudinal slit sections 21 are formed at the end portions of the lateral slit sections 15 in the second lateral direction B2. Accordingly, when the occupant sits on the sitting surface 11, portions of the seat pad 70 disposed between the sitting surface 11 and the lateral slit sections 15 (hereinafter, referred to as "a pressure receiving and deforming section") can be expanded and deformed outward in the second lateral direction B2 such that the longitudinal slit sections 21 are narrowed in the second lateral direction B2. Accordingly, the seat pad 70 can be deformed to enwrap the occupant on the sitting surface 11 from the outside in the second lateral direction B2, and sitting comfort can be further improved. Further, like the embodiment, when the lateral slit sections 15 and the longitudinal slit sections 21 are open at the surface of the seat pad 70, the pressure receiving and deforming section of the seat pad 70 can be easily deformed independently from the other portion. Accordingly, when cores that form the lateral slit sections 15 in a mold that forms the seat pad 70 are separated from the seat pad 70, application of an excessive load applied to the pressure receiving and deforming section due to active deformation of the pressure receiving and deforming section can be suppressed, and the seat pad 70 can be conveniently and accurately formed. In addition, since the concave section 18a and the convex section 18b of the first concavo-convex section 19 and the second concavo-convex section 20 face each other in the thickness direction H, when the occupant sits on the sitting surface 11 and the lateral slit sections 15 are narrowed in the thickness direction H, the first concavo-convex section 19 and the second concavo-convex section 20 can be fitted to each other. Accordingly, relative displacement in the second lateral direction B2 of portions of the seat pad 70 disposed at both sides with the lateral slit sections 15 sandwiched therebetween in the thickness direction H when the occupant sits on the seat can be suppressed, and sitting comfort can be further improved. In addition, the lateral slit sections 15 are gradually elongated in the first lateral direction B1 from the outer side toward the inner side in the second lateral direction B2. Accordingly, portions of the sitting surface 11 on which central portions of the lateral slit sections 15 in the second lateral direction B2 are disposed can be more actively deformed that the portions of the lateral slit sections 15 on which both end portions in the second lateral direction B2 are disposed. Accordingly, the seat pad 70 can be deformed to enwrap the occupant on the sitting surface 11 from the outside in the second lateral direction B2, and sitting comfort can be further improved. Fig. 9 Next, a seat pad 90 of a fourth embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to . Further, components in the fourth embodiment the same as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, a detailed description thereof will be omitted, and different points will be mainly described. The seat pad 90 according to the embodiment is integrally formed of different materials, and in the example shown, layers 91 and 92 having different hardnesses are stacked in the thickness direction H. The seat pad 90 includes a base layer 91 on the attachment surface 12 side, and a cushion layer 92 on the sitting surface 11 side. The base layer 91 and the cushion layer 92 are divided by the lateral slit sections 15 in the thickness direction H, and a portion of the seat pad 90 disposed closer to the attachment surface 12 than the lateral slit sections 15 is the base layer 91, and a portion disposed closer to the sitting surface 11 than the lateral slit sections 15 is the cushion layer 92. Then, in the embodiment, the sitting surface 11 is formed by the cushion layer 92, and the hardness of the cushion layer 92 is lower than the hardness of the base layer 91. Further, in the example shown, the base layer 91 is disposed to be limited to both sides of the seat pad 90 in the first lateral direction B1, a central portion in the first lateral direction B1 being constituted by the cushion layer 92. That is, the cushion layer 92 is formed in a T shape protruding toward the attachment surface 12 in a cross-sectional view when the seat pad 10 is seen from the second lateral direction B2, and the base layer 91 is connected to a portion of the cushion layer 92 protruding toward the attachment surface 12 from both sides in the first lateral direction B1. As described above, according to the seat pad 90 of the embodiment, since the base layer 91 and the cushion layer 92 are divided by the lateral slit sections 15 in the thickness direction H, when the occupant sits on the sitting surface 11 and the cushion layer 92 is deformed, deformation of the base layer 91 conforming to the cushion layer 92 can be minimized. Accordingly, the properties of the layers 91 and 92 are readily exhibited. In addition, in this way, when the occupant sits on the seat, deformation of the base layer 91 following the cushion layer 92 can be suppressed, and further, in the embodiment, the lateral slit sections 15 are formed in portions of the seat pad 10 at both sides in the first lateral direction B1, respectively. Accordingly, when the occupant sits on the seat, occurrence of a stretching feeling (discomfort) in the central portion of the sitting surface 11 in the first lateral direction B1 to which a load is easily applied can be suppressed. Accordingly, properties of the layers 91 and 92 can be easily exhibited. As described above, according to the seat pad 90 of the embodiment, since the properties of the layers 91 and 92 can be easily exhibited in the embodiment, the hardness of the cushion layer 92 is lower than the hardness of the base layer 91. Accordingly, a holding feeling with respect to an occupant can be secured by the base layer 91 while securing fit feeling with respect to the occupant by the cushion layer 92, and sitting comfort can be effectively improved. Further, the technical area of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment, while the seat pad 10, 30 or 70 is formed integrally of the same material, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the seat pad 10, 30 or 70 may be formed integrally of different materials. In the embodiment, while the lateral slit sections 15 are formed in the portions of the seat pad 10, 30, 70 or 90 disposed at both sides in the first lateral direction B1, respectively. The lateral slit sections 15 may be formed at only one side in the first lateral direction B1. This however is not part of the present invention. The lateral slit sections 15 may be appropriately changed to other shapes in which one or a plurality of slit sections are formed. In the embodiment, while the lateral slit sections 15 are open at the first side surface 13, the lateral slit sections 15 may not be open at the first side surface 13, this however not being part of the present invention. In the embodiment, while the concavo-convex sections 18 are continuous in the second lateral direction B2, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the concavo-convex section 18 may be continuous in the first lateral direction B1. These may be appropriately varied to another type in which concavo-convex sections 18 continuous in the restricting direction along the sitting surface 11 are formed in the first inner surface 16 and the second inner surface 17 of the lateral slit sections 15, respectively. The seat pad 10, 30, 70 or 90 may be used as a subject in various applications such as cushioning materials for indoor chairs, bedding, or the like. Further, the seat pad 10, 30, 70 or 90 is not limited to a seat on which a person sits and may be used for a seat pad having a placing surface on which baggage or the like is placed. According to the present invention, the lateral slit section extending from the outer side toward the inner side of the seat pad is formed in the seat pad in the first lateral direction. Accordingly, when an occupant sits on the placing surface, as the seat pad is deformed to narrow the lateral slit section in the thickness direction, the seat pad can be appropriately bent while minimizing hardness felt from the seat pad, and for example, sitting comfort during sitting, cornering, or the like, can be improved. Further, at least a portion of the lateral slit section gradually becomes smaller in the thickness direction from the outer side toward the inner side of the seat pad in the first lateral direction. Accordingly, the portions of the lateral slit section having a relatively large size in the thickness direction can be disposed at a portion of the placing surface disposed at an outer side of the seat pad to which a load cannot be easily applied when the occupant sits on the seat. Accordingly, the seat pad can be bent throughout a wide area of the placing surface with small deviation, and sitting comfort can be further improved. The lateral slit section is gradually reduced in the thickness direction from the outer side toward the inner side of the seat pad throughout the length in the first lateral direction. In this case, since the lateral slit section gradually becomes smaller in the thickness direction from the outer side toward the inner side of the seat pad throughout the length in the first lateral direction, the level of deformation of the seat pad can be gradually changed in the first lateral direction, and occurrence of discomfort when the seat pad is bent can be effectively minimized. The lateral slit section may be curved to be convex in the thickness direction. In this case, since the lateral slit section is curved to be convex in the thickness direction, the lateral slit section can easily conform an appearance of an occupant who sits on the placing surface. Accordingly, the seat pad can be bent along the appearance of the occupant, and fit feeling can be increased to improve sitting comfort. Further, when the lateral slit section is curved to protrude toward a side opposite to the placing surface in the thickness direction, the seat pad can be effectively bent along the appearance of the occupant, and fit feeling can be further increased to improve sitting comfort. The longitudinal slit section extending from the lateral slit section toward the placing surface in the thickness direction may be formed at the end portion of the lateral slit section in the second lateral direction perpendicular to the first lateral direction along the placing surface. In this case, the longitudinal slit section is formed in the end portion of the lateral slit section in the second lateral direction. Accordingly, when the occupant sits on the placing surface, the portion of the seat pad disposed between the placing surface and the lateral slit section (hereinafter, referred to as "a pressure receiving and deforming section") can be expanded and deformed outward in the second lateral direction such that the longitudinal slit section is narrowed in the second lateral direction. Accordingly, the seat pad can be deformed to enwrap the occupant on the placing surface from the outside in the second lateral direction, and sitting comfort can be further improved. Further, when the lateral slit section and the longitudinal slit section are open at the surface of the seat pad, the pressure receiving and deforming section of the seat pad can be easily deformed independently from the other portion. Accordingly, when a core forming the lateral slit section in a mold forming the seat pad are separated from the seat pad, an excessive load applied to the pressure receiving and deforming section due to active deformation of the pressure receiving and deforming section can be suppressed, and the seat pad can be conveniently and accurately formed. The concavo-convex sections that are continuous in the restricting direction along the placing surface are formed in the first inner surface disposed at the placing surface side in the thickness direction and the second inner surface disposed at a side opposite to the placing surface in the thickness direction in the inner surface that divides the lateral slit section, and the concave section and the convex section of the first concavo-convex section that is the concavo-convex section formed on the first inner surface and the second concavo-convex section that is the concavo-convex section formed on the second inner surface may face each other in the thickness direction. In this case, since the concave section and the convex section of the first concavo-convex section and the second concavo-convex section face each other in the thickness direction, when the occupant sits on the placing surface and the lateral slit section is narrowed in the thickness direction, the first concavo-convex section and the second concavo-convex section can be fitted to each other. Accordingly, displacement of the portions of the seat pad disposed at both sides with the lateral slit section sandwiched therebetween in the thickness direction relative to the restricting direction when the occupant sits on the seat can be suppressed, and sitting comfort can be further improved. The lateral slit section may be gradually elongated in the first lateral direction from the outer side toward the inner side in the second lateral direction perpendicular to the first lateral direction along the placing surface. In this case, the lateral slit section is gradually elongated in the first lateral direction from the outer side toward the inner side in the second lateral direction. Accordingly, the portion of the placing surface on which the central portion of the lateral slit section in the second lateral direction is disposed can be more actively deformed than the portions of the lateral slit section on which both end portions in the second lateral direction are disposed. Accordingly, the seat pad can be deformed to enwrap the occupant on the placing surface from the outside in the second lateral direction, and sitting comfort can be further improved. In addition, the components in the embodiments can be appropriately substituted with known components without departing from the present invention, and the above-mentioned variants may be appropriately combined. According to the present invention, sitting comfort can be improved. 10, 30, 70, 90 Seat pad 11 Sitting surface (placing surface) 15 Lateral slit section 16 First inner surface 17 Second inner surface 18 Concavo-convex section 18a Concave section 18b Convex section 19 First concavo-convex section 20 Second concavo-convex section 21 Longitudinal slit section B1 First lateral direction B2 Second lateral direction H Thickness direction
Neuronal activity in somatosensory cortex of monkeys using a precision grip. II. Responses To object texture and weights. Three monkeys were trained to lift and hold a test object within a 12- to 25-mm position window for 1 s. The activity of single neurons was recorded during performance of the task in which both the weight and surface texture of the object were systematically varied. Whenever possible, each cell was tested with three weights (15, 65, and 115 g) and three textures (smooth metal, fine 200 grit sandpaper, and rough 60 grit sandpaper). Of 386 cells recorded in 3 monkeys, 45 cells had cutaneous receptive fields on the index or thumb or part of the thenar eminence and were held long enough to be tested in all 9 combinations of texture and weight. Recordings were made for the entire anterior-posterior extent of the thumb and index finger areas in somatosensory cortex including area 7b. However, the statistical analysis required a selection of only those cells for which nine complete recording conditions were available limiting the sample to cells in areas 2, 5, and 7b. Significant differences in the grip force accompanied 98% of the changes in texture and 78% of the changes in weight. Increasing the object weight also increased the force tangential to the skin surface as measured by the load or lifting force. The peak discharge during lifting was judged to be the most sensitive index of cell activity and was analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, peak cell discharge was normalized to allow comparisons among different combinations of texture and weight as well as comparisons among different neurons. Overall, the peak firing frequency of 87% of the cells was significantly modulated by changes in object texture, but changes in object weight affected the peak activity of only 58% of the cells. Almost all (17/18, 94%) of the static cells were influenced by the object texture, and 81% of the dynamic cells that were active only briefly at grip and lift onset were modulated by texture. For some cells, surface texture had a significant effect on neuronal discharge that was independent of the object weight. In contrast, weight-related responses were never simple main effects of the weight alone and appeared instead as significant interactions between texture and weight. Four neurons either increased or decreased activity in a graded fashion with surface structure (roughness) regardless of the object weight (P < 0.05). Ten other neurons showed increases or decreases in response to one or two textures, which might represent either a graded response or a tuning preference for a specific texture. The firing frequency of the majority (31/45) of neurons reflected an interaction of both texture and weight. The cells with texture-related but weight-independent activities were thought to encode surface characteristics that are largely independent of the grip and lifting forces used to manipulate the object. Such constancies could be used to construct internal representations or mental models for planning and controlling object manipulation.
This is a very old recipe for Portuguese sweet bread. The dough for this egg bread is prepared the night before, left to rise overnight, and then baked the following morning in round cake pans. Recipe Ingredients - 2 (0.6 ounce) cakes compressed fresh yeast - ¼ cup warm water (110 degrees F/45 degrees C) - 3 ½ cups white sugar - 6 eggs - 5 pounds all-purpose flour - 1 ¼ tablespoons salt - 8 ounces butter, melted - 4 cups milk - 1 egg, beaten Cooking Directions - 1 In a small bowl, dissolve yeast in warm water. Let stand until creamy, about 10 minutes. - 2 In a medium bowl, beat 6 eggs and the sugar together until light and fluffy. Sift the flour and salt into a large bowl. Stir in the dissolved yeast, the egg and sugar mixture and the cooled, melted butter. Slowly add the milk to the flour mixture until the dough is of working consistency. Turn dough out onto a lightly floured surface. Knead until the dough is soft and elastic, about 15 minutes. Place into a well oiled bowl, and cover with a damp cloth. Set aside to rise overnight. - 3 The next morning, preheat oven to 400 degrees F (205 degrees C). Grease two 10 inch round cake pans. Divide dough in half, shape into round loaves, and place into prepared pans. Brush the tops with beaten egg. - 4 Bake at 400 degrees F (200 degrees C) for 15 minutes, then lower temperature to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C) and bake for another 40 minutes, or until the top is golden brown and the loaves sound hollow when tapped on the bottom.	https://redcipes.com/recipe/portuguese-sweet-bread-iii-pat/
Q: Get IBM MQ connection factory in my spring boot application I'm getting the following error while trying to send a message to an IBM MQ, I created a queue connection factory on Websphere which is tested and successfully connected to the deployed MQs, then I look up over it by jndi name. I'm using ibm.mq.allclient as a Gradle dependency. I would appreciate any help. org.springframework.jms.UncategorizedJmsException: Uncategorized exception occurred during JMS processing; nested exception is com.ibm.msg.client.jms.DetailedJMSException: JMSFMQ6312: An exception occurred in the Java(tm) MQI. The Java(tm) MQI has thrown an exception describing the problem. See the linked exception for further information.; nested exception is com.ibm.mq.jmqi.JmqiException: CC=2;RC=2195;AMQ9546: Error return code received. [1=java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException[null],3=NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0] [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.jms.support.JmsUtils.convertJmsAccessException(JmsUtils.java:316) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.jms.support.JmsAccessor.convertJmsAccessException(JmsAccessor.java:169) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate.execute(JmsTemplate.java:487) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate.send(JmsTemplate.java:570) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:95) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:55) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:508) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:205) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:133) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:97) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:827) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:738) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:967) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:901) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:872) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:595) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:668) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.servlet.ServletWrapper.service(ServletWrapper.java:1232) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.servlet.ServletWrapper.handleRequest(ServletWrapper.java:781) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.servlet.ServletWrapper.handleRequest(ServletWrapper.java:480) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.servlet.ServletWrapperImpl.handleRequest(ServletWrapperImpl.java:178) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.WebAppFilterChain.invokeTarget(WebAppFilterChain.java:136) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.WebAppFilterChain.doFilter(WebAppFilterChain.java:97) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.FilterInstanceWrapper.doFilter(FilterInstanceWrapper.java:195) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.WebAppFilterChain.doFilter(WebAppFilterChain.java:91) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter.doFilterInternal(CorsFilter.java:96) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.FilterInstanceWrapper.doFilter(FilterInstanceWrapper.java:195) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.WebAppFilterChain.doFilter(WebAppFilterChain.java:91) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.FilterInstanceWrapper.doFilter(FilterInstanceWrapper.java:195) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.WebAppFilterChain.doFilter(WebAppFilterChain.java:91) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:108) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.FilterInstanceWrapper.doFilter(FilterInstanceWrapper.java:195) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.WebAppFilterChain.doFilter(WebAppFilterChain.java:91) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.FilterInstanceWrapper.doFilter(FilterInstanceWrapper.java:195) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.WebAppFilterChain.doFilter(WebAppFilterChain.java:91) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:115) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter.access$000(ErrorPageFilter.java:59) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter$1.doFilterInternal(ErrorPageFilter.java:90) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.boot.web.support.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:108) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.FilterInstanceWrapper.doFilter(FilterInstanceWrapper.java:195) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.WebAppFilterChain.doFilter(WebAppFilterChain.java:91) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.WebAppFilterManager.doFilter(WebAppFilterManager.java:967) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.filter.WebAppFilterManager.invokeFilters(WebAppFilterManager.java:1107) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.webapp.WebApp.handleRequest(WebApp.java:3928) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.webapp.WebGroup.handleRequest(WebGroup.java:304) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.WebContainer.handleRequest(WebContainer.java:1007) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.WSWebContainer.handleRequest(WSWebContainer.java:1817) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.webcontainer.channel.WCChannelLink.ready(WCChannelLink.java:200) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.http.channel.inbound.impl.HttpInboundLink.handleDiscrimination(HttpInboundLink.java:463) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.http.channel.inbound.impl.HttpInboundLink.handleNewRequest(HttpInboundLink.java:530) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.http.channel.inbound.impl.HttpInboundLink.processRequest(HttpInboundLink.java:316) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.http.channel.inbound.impl.HttpInboundLink.ready(HttpInboundLink.java:287) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.tcp.channel.impl.NewConnectionInitialReadCallback.sendToDiscriminators(NewConnectionInitialReadCallback.java:214) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.tcp.channel.impl.NewConnectionInitialReadCallback.complete(NewConnectionInitialReadCallback.java:113) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.tcp.channel.impl.AioReadCompletionListener.futureCompleted(AioReadCompletionListener.java:175) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.io.async.AbstractAsyncFuture.invokeCallback(AbstractAsyncFuture.java:217) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.io.async.AsyncChannelFuture.fireCompletionActions(AsyncChannelFuture.java:161) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.io.async.AsyncFuture.completed(AsyncFuture.java:138) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.io.async.ResultHandler.complete(ResultHandler.java:204) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.io.async.ResultHandler.runEventProcessingLoop(ResultHandler.java:775) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.io.async.ResultHandler$2.run(ResultHandler.java:905) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ws.util.ThreadPool$Worker.run(ThreadPool.java:1881) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R Caused by: com.ibm.msg.client.jms.DetailedJMSException: JMSFMQ6312: An exception occurred in the Java(tm) MQI. The Java(tm) MQI has thrown an exception describing the problem. See the linked exception for further information. [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:88) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:437) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.msg.client.commonservices.j2se.NLSServices.createException(NLSServices.java:314) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.msg.client.commonservices.nls.NLSServices.createException(NLSServices.java:228) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.msg.client.wmq.factories.WMQXAConnectionFactory.createV7ProviderConnection(WMQXAConnectionFactory.java:175) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.msg.client.wmq.factories.WMQConnectionFactory.createProviderConnection(WMQConnectionFactory.java:6200) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.msg.client.wmq.factories.WMQXAConnectionFactory.createProviderXAConnection(WMQXAConnectionFactory.java:102) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.msg.client.jms.admin.JmsConnectionFactoryImpl.createXAConnectionInternal(JmsConnectionFactoryImpl.java:364) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.mq.jms.MQXAConnectionFactory.createXAConnection(MQXAConnectionFactory.java:98) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.jms.JMSManagedConnection.createConnection(JMSManagedConnection.java:1499) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.jms.JMSManagedConnection.<init>(JMSManagedConnection.java:352) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.jms.JMSManagedConnectionFactory.createUnifiedManagedConnection(JMSManagedConnectionFactory.java:1301) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.jms.JMSManagedConnectionFactory.createManagedConnection(JMSManagedConnectionFactory.java:682) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.jms.WMQJMSRAManagedConnectionFactory.createManagedConnection(WMQJMSRAManagedConnectionFactory.java:704) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.j2c.FreePool.createManagedConnectionWithMCWrapper(FreePool.java:2161) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.j2c.FreePool.createOrWaitForConnection(FreePool.java:1839) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.j2c.PoolManager.reserve(PoolManager.java:3818) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.j2c.PoolManager.reserve(PoolManager.java:3094) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.j2c.ConnectionManager.allocateMCWrapper(ConnectionManager.java:1548) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.j2c.ConnectionManager.allocateConnection(ConnectionManager.java:1031) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.ejs.jms.JMSConnectionFactoryHandle.createConnection(JMSConnectionFactoryHandle.java:256) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.jms.support.JmsAccessor.createConnection(JmsAccessor.java:180) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate.execute(JmsTemplate.java:474) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R ... 75 more [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R Caused by: com.ibm.mq.jmqi.JmqiException: CC=2;RC=2195;AMQ9546: Error return code received. [1=java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException[null],3=NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0] [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.mq.jmqi.JmqiEnvironment.processESESecurity(JmqiEnvironment.java:987) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.mq.jmqi.JmqiEnvironment.getInstance(JmqiEnvironment.java:832) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.mq.jmqi.JmqiEnvironment.getMQI(JmqiEnvironment.java:655) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.msg.client.wmq.factories.WMQXAConnectionFactory.createV7ProviderConnection(WMQXAConnectionFactory.java:167) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R ... 93 more [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R at com.ibm.mq.jmqi.JmqiEnvironment.processESESecurity(JmqiEnvironment.java:906) [1/6/19 19:32:45:710 EET] 00000245 SystemErr R ... 96 more A: 2195 is a very generic error that just means unexpected error, but in many cases it means you have mixed jars from different mq client versions. Check the following items: If you do not have an Oracle jms.jar in the CLASSPATH, add the jms.jar 2.0 from the IBM provided MQ client install (This can be from any of the full client, redist client, or java-all client). If you do have an Oracle jms.jar check the MANIFEST.MF to make sure it is the 2.0 version. Ensure that you do not have other com.ibm.mq*.jar files besides the com.ibm.mq.allclient.jar.
Making a bench cushion without zippers or Velcro can be done in the space of an afternoon or evening. This method insures a crisp, sturdy cushion cover that's easily removable for cleaning. StepsEdit Part One of Two: Preparing the FabricEdit - 1Measure the flat seat of the bench - length and depth. Keep in mind that the cushion will sit inside any arms or supports, so don't measure beyond those. - In this example, the bench seat is 40 inches long by 15 inches deep. - 2Cut seven pieces of fabric. The first piece will be for the top of the cushion, pieces two and three will be for the bottom of the cushion, and pieces four through seven will be for the sides. - 3Measure out the first piece of fabric, adding a half an inch to each side for seam allowance. For a 40 inch by 15 inch bench, you will need to measure out a piece of fabric 41 inches by 16 inches. - The two pieces for the bottom or back of the cushion will overlap each other. This is called an "envelope" closure. It's like a pillow sham. - 4Calculate the size of the bottom pieces. Add 6 inches to the length of the cushion. For this project, your first piece of fabric is 41 inches in length, so adding six inches would give you 47 inches. Now you're going to measure two pieces that will overlap about 1/4 or 1/3 of the way along the back. The depth of the piece stays the same as for the first piece of fabric -- 16 inches. - Measure out two pieces of fabric -- one that is 17 inches by 16 inches, the other that is 30 inches by 16 inches. These will overlap on the back or bottom of the cushion cover, leaving an opening to insert the foam. - 5The sides of the sewn cushion cover will need to be 3 inches to accommodate the 3 inch upholstery foam. Adding half an inch for seam allowance to each side comes to 4 inches. - 6Measure two long strips of fabric 41 inches by 4 inches. Measure two shorter strips of fabric 16 inches by 4 inches. - 7Cut out all seven pieces of fabric, taking care to cut each side as straight as possible. Use a cutting mat and a rotary cutter if you have them. If not, good sewing scissors will do just fine. - 8Mark the fabric. After cutting out all the fabric, take a ruler and a pen or pencil and mark the corner of each piece of fabric on the back with a dot or circle one half inch in from the corner. These marks are important as they will tell you where to start and stop sewing at each corner.Advertisement Part Two of Two: Sewing the Bench CushionEdit - 1Lay out the biggest piece of fabric right or "good" side up. Take one of the long fabric strips and place it face down along the top of the piece, making sure the corners meet and the edges are even. Pin it in place. Do the same with the other long strip along the bottom of the fabric piece. - 2Position your needle so the first stitch will enter the fabric at the dot or circle you've drawn half an inch in from the corner. Keeping to a half-inch seam, sew the top fabric strip to the large piece of fabric, stopping at the mark near the corner. Cut the thread and move on to the bottom fabric strip, again beginning and ending at your corner marks. Press the seams toward the large fabric piece. - 3Lay out the main fabric piece with the long strips sewn on, right or "good" side up. Take the shorter fabric strips and pin them in place, again matching corners and keeping edges even. Make sure they're not pinned to the long fabric strips that are already sewn on. - 4Sew the shorter strips to each side of the main piece, beginning and ending at your corner marks and avoiding the long fabric strips. Press the seams toward the main fabric piece. - 5Add a hem. Before sewing the back pieces on, you'll need to hem one end of each. Using an iron, press a half-inch fold at the short end of each piece. Then sew along the edge of each fold. - 6With the main fabric piece again laid out right side up, with the strips sewn on and also laid out flat, pin the un-sewn or raw end of the larger back piece to one of the short end strips. Do the same with the smaller back piece and sew both in place, remembering to start and stop at your corner marks. You now have one very long piece of stitched-together fabric! - 7Do the corners. Take the end of one of the short strips where it meets one of the long strips and pin them together, taking care to keep any seam allowance from being caught in the pins. Sew from one corner mark to the next. - 8Repeat for all four corners. - 9To complete the cushion cover, pin the loose ends of the larger back piece to the long end of the long side piece, again taking care to avoid any seam allowances. Remember that these back pieces will overlap to form the envelope closure. It might be simpler to sew one piece on, then sew the other over it. - 10Sew from the corner mark right along the long edge and over the hemmed end of the back piece. Do both sides, top and bottom, then attach and sew the smaller back piece on. - 11Taking care not to cut into your stitching, clip each corner so the extra fabric won't bunch inside. - 12Turn your cushion cover right side out. Using your finger, the blunt end of a seam ripper, or the eraser end of a pencil, push each corner out as far as possible. - 13Insert the upholstery foam by tucking one end of the foam under the larger piece on the back of your cover first, then putting the rest in under the smaller piece. And you are done -- you have a new bench cushion!Advertisement Community Q&A Search - QuestionHow do I glue pieces of upholstery foam? Ask a Question 200 characters left Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered.Submit Advertisement TipsEdit - You can find upholstery foam online or at your local fabric store or upholstery shop. - Use decorator weight fabric, canvas, or other sturdy fabrics, avoiding knits or lighter or more delicate fabrics. - Consider buying extra fabric if you are matching plaids or stripes. Advertisement Things You'll NeedEdit - 2 yards of fabric - Thread - Upholstery foam - Fabric scissors About This Article Did this article help you?	https://m.wikihow.com/Sew-Bench-Cushions
From the New York Times bestselling author of Star Wars: Resistance Reborn comes the first book in the Between Earth and Sky trilogy, inspired by the civilizations of the Pre-Columbian Americas and woven into a tale of celestial prophecies, political intrigue, and forbidden magic. A god will return When the earth and sky converge Under the black... Read more » Here We Are By Graham Swift Narrated by Phil Davis / 4 hours 54 minutes Here We Are “Here We Are is a beautiful evocation of love, memory, and magic. With mesmerizing prose, Swift tells the tale of Jack, Ronnie, and Evie, who form a bond in the summer of 1959 when they work together at a variety show in Brighton, England. Ronnie hires Evie to be part of his magic act, and the two soon fall in love. Jack, the show’s master of ceremonies, is Ronnie’s best friend but he knows little about Ronnie’s childhood experiences during the war. Fifty years later, Evie is looking back at their lives and what happened during the summer that changed everything. This quiet, compact novel soars with the grace and poignant feeling of Swift’s masterful writing.”Lori Feathers, Interabang Books Dear Child A Novel By Romy Hausmann Narrated by Jane Collingwood, Nicky Diss, Simon Slater & Romy Hausmann / 10 hours 56 minutes Dear Child “We’ve all heard the horror stories of women kept captive in basements, bearing children to madmen, only to escape after years of torture into a world they no longer remember and a public filled with fascination at their stories. Dear Child features two such women, both victims of the same abductor, but who suffer two very different fates. It is also the story of men who love too hard, in both the right ways and the wrong ways. At its heart it is the story of family, of what we will do to find those we’ve lost, how we love and show that love, and how we survive and come to peace with grief and guilt.”Deborah Magness, Third Place Books The Talented Miss Farwell A Novel By Emily Gray Tedrowe Narrated by Allyson Ryan / 9 hours 55 minutes The Talented Miss Farwell “The small town of Pierson, Illinois, is so fortunate to have the bright, hard-working Becky Farwell as town treasurer. She really understands finances and how to get the most out of the town’s limited resources. But despite her best efforts, there is never enough to repair the roads, maintain the river walk, or fund the schools. In another world, people wonder what the story is behind the glamorous, high-flying art collector Reba Farwell, who has no visible means of support. Does it matter, as long she has an unfailingly discerning eye and gives great parties? Watch and wonder as the talented Miss Farwell keeps all the plates spinning in this totally absorbing study of obsession and deception.”Ellen Sandmeyer, Sandmeyer's Bookstore Down Along with That Devil's Bones A Reckoning with Monuments, Memory, and the Legacy of White Supremacy By Connor Towne O'Neill Narrated by Geoffrey Cantor / 7 hours 25 minutes Down Along with That Devil's Bones “The past won’t go anywhere — especially the racist past endorsed by the contemporary enablers of the Nathan Bedford Forrest mythology. O’Neill’s combination of historical research on the ‘Southern Cause’ and Jim Crow racism, combined with visits to the most contentious monuments to slavery, bring this work to visceral life. Down Along with That Devil’s Bones brings to mind Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, but there’s much less to laugh about as O’Neill gives us the endless monumental horror of a country’s refusal to shake free from the roots of a long racist history.”Brian Lampkin, Scuppernong Books Confessions on the 7:45 By Lisa Unger Narrated by Vivienne Leheny / 12 hours 28 minutes “[A] taut, beautifully-written novel.” —Sarah Pekkanen, #1 New York Times bestselling author of An Anonymous Girl From master of suspense Lisa Unger comes a riveting thriller about a chance encounter that unravels a stunning web of lies and deceit.	https://libro.fm/playlists/indie-next?bookstore=winchesterbookgallery
Teratology study in rats with amsacrine, an antineoplastic agent. Amsacrine, an acridinylamino derivative used in the treatment of refractory leukemias, was evaluated for its teratogenic potential in pregnant rats. The compound was given by intraperitoneal (ip) administration on Days 6 to 9 of gestation to groups of 20 female CD rats at levels of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg. Appropriate vehicle and untreated controls were included. Dams given 2.0 mg/kg lost weight during and after the treatment period. Food consumption was comparable to controls at all dose levels except for the high dose group in the post-treatment period. Decreased litter size, increased postimplantation loss, and reduced fetal weights occurred with doses of 2.0 mg/kg. Significantly reduced fetal body weight and increased incidence of stunting were the only adverse findings at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively. Two fetuses at 2.0 mg/kg, one at 1.0 mg/kg, one at 0.5 mg/kg, and two vehicle control fetuses had gross abnormalities. Fetotoxicity, manifested by inhibition of osteogenesis and minor skeletal abnormalities, occurred with doses of 0.5 mg/kg or more. The results indicate that amsacrine was embryolethal to rats at doses of 2.0 mg/kg and embryotoxic at lower dose levels. Teratogenicity was not evident at doses which did not affect fetal survival.
Depiction in the seriesStarlight Glimmer first appears as the founder and leader of a mysterious village in which every resident has given up his or her cutie mark. As the leader of this village, Starlight has the philosophy that "true friendship" comes from being equal—no more or less talented than another—and that having special talents of any kind only leads to disharmony. To this end, Starlight uses a magical artifact called the Staff of Sameness to remove her followers' cutie marks and replace them with equal signs. When Twilight Sparkle and her friends arrive at the village, Starlight Glimmer sees this as an opportunity to spread her message of equality to all of Equestria. She leads the Mane Six to a vault of cutie marks outside the village, where she takes their cutie marks from them with the Staff of Sameness and tries to convert them over to her way of thinking. Fluttershy, the only one among Twilight's friends who appears to convert, spies on Starlight and discovers that her own equal sign cutie mark is actually makeup. Using a bucket of water, Fluttershy and her friends expose Starlight's secret to her followers. It is also revealed that the Staff of Sameness's ability to remove cutie marks is Starlight's own magic and that the staff is an ordinary piece of wood. She attempts to leave with the Mane Six's cutie marks but is thwarted by her former followers. Having lost her followers' faith, Starlight retreats from the village and escapes to parts unknown. In Amending Fences, Starlight hides her face behind a menu in the café scene. In What About Discord, she was seen again hiding behind a bush watching the group through binoculars. In The Cutie Re-Mark - Part 1, she briefly appears during Twilight Sparkle's Cutie Mark Magic lecture. When Twilight and Spike have a brief conversation about her on their way back to Twilight's castle, Starlight greets them in the map room. Using a time spell by Star Swirl the Bearded, she teleports herself, back in time to when filly Rainbow Dash was racing with three bullies who pick on Fluttershy. There, she prevents Rainbow Dash from performing the sonic rainboom, which in turn changes the future of Equestria. Twilight and Spike continually teleport back in time, but each time, Starlight stops them. In The Cutie Re-Mark - Part 2, Starlight and Twilight continue to clash in order to stop the sonic rainboom from happening, until Twilight decides to teleport herself, Starlight, and Spike to one of the ruined futures of Equestria, to show Starlight the error of her ways. But Starlight is in denial, refusing to accept the truth. As Twilight says she cannot understand why Starlight acts this way, Starlight decides to show the two her past, when she was a filly, where her best friend, Sunburst, earned his cutie mark and left for Canterlot, leaving a young Starlight without a friend, and with a fear of losing other friends. After bargaining with Twilight, Starlight decides to allow the rainboom to occur, restoring the present day. The episode ends with Starlight becoming a new friend to the Mane Six and citizens of Ponyville. Personality When initially introduced, Starlight Glimmer is openly friendly and welcoming, both toward the Mane Six and her followers. She is also somewhat of a disciplinarian, issuing punishment to those who do not conform to her philosophies. However, she later adopts a more callous and ill-tempered persona, desperate to keep up appearances and dismissing any concept of friendship that isn't the same as her own. Starlight Glimmer is very skilled in using magic and mentions that she has studied a spell for years. She wields an ordinary wooden staff called the Staff of Sameness while casting a spell in a ceremony known by her followers as "cutie unmarking," pretending this to be the staff's power instead of her own. She also uses telekinesis at long range, projects magical barriers, creates distracting lights, and shoots powerful magic blasts. Role in the series Starlight has made a brief return in the two-parter Starlight Star-Fight, this time with help, and more details into the reasons behind her motivations behind her actions, and a much more unpleasent past. The episode briefly fell victim to canon conflict with the Season 5 finale of MLP where Starlight returned and her canon past was explained. Turns out, following the loss of her friend Sunburst and her developed fear of losing friends, she signed up to be a part of the School for Gifted Unicorns upon discovering her sister, who was none other than Sunset Shimmer, both being raised by different divorced parents, and used it to get to Canterlot so she could search for Sunburst. However, she never found him and gave up hope. Due to her fear of losing friends, she ended up being socially incompatible and she soon got reduced to blaming cutie marks for it. She eventually discovered the works of a hippogriff communistic tyrant named Beak-Buck and his cutie mark vault, and wanted to use it for her own means. When Sunset refused to join her, believing she lost a sister, she ended up angry and laid waste to Canterlot, destroying homes and injuring ponies, even uncontrolingly murdered one who was a guard. She was eventually caught and awaited trail until she was rescued by a chaotic rogue creation of the Draconequus named Fem Fatala, who gave Starlight the village and the location of Beak-Buck's vault, and in return, she would serve as one of Fem's many scammed sex slaves if she lost it and failed in her task to being cutie mark equality to Equestria. It wouldn't be long before she finally failed and, after convincing Fem Fatala for one last chance, would make a final chance and be tricked.	https://spongebobandfriendsadventures.fandom.com/wiki/Starlight_Glimmer
Professor Mugen (無限博士, Mugen Hakase, first name unknown) is the father of Kanata Mugen who appears in Mouretsu Pirates: Abyss of Hyperspace . AppearanceEdit Professor Mugen has light-blue hair, parted slightly on the left side, and a beard. He wears a black shirt and tie, tatty blue trousers and brown shoes. He also wears a silver watch on his left wrist and a white longcoat with an emblem on the back consisting of an early diving helmet, a treasure chest, a banner at the bottom, wings either side and stars in the background . During his younger days, Professor Mugen's appearance was similar to his appearance in his later years but he didn't have a beard or tie . Personality & CharacterEdit Not much is known about the professor's personality, though he cared for his son and took steps to ensure that his son would be able to use what he left behind to accomplish his own dreams and choose his future. He also dreamt of one day seeing the light at the very end of subspace and what colour it was . BackgroundEdit In the past, Professor Mugen discovered many new travel routes through subspace using his ship Great Depth XIII and gained fame as an explorer. He also salvaged ships that had sunk in subspace, using any treasures found to fund his research. He had a number of comrades who were also subspace divers, including Scarlett Cypher (referred to as 'Carlie') . The professor raised his son Kanata together with him on his ship, Mugen Kobo (無限工房, Mugen Kōbō, Mugen Workshop), stationed on the comet Hrbek Oda. At one time, he gave the young Kanata a toy submarine, calling it his first ship. He also encouraged him to name it himself, saying how he and his comrades all named their own ships. At another time, he spoke to Kanata of how his dream was to see the light at the end of subspace. When Kanata was older, he left the professor to attend school, wishing to get away from his father and subspace due to his resentment at being seen as 'the professor's son' rather than himself .Knowing about the dangerous nature of his work and the possibility that he may die, the professor entrusted the Bentenmaru's captain, Gonzaemon Kato, with the task of helping his son with his future, should he disappear . Eventually, the professor did indeed disappear into subspace, and was presumed dead. At some point before this though, he constructed a submersible called the Advaseele, which was designed to explore the deepest regions of subspace where no craft could previously go and unlock the energy contained within the X-Point to create new paths. He also had a package sent to his son Kanata with a VIP Galaxy Pass and a robotic parrot called Flint, the key to his legacy . PlotEdit Abyss of HyperspaceEdit The search for the professor's legacy is the main driving plot of the movie, with the Bentenmaru assisting Kanata Mugen in finding out what his father left behind . Skills & AbilitiesEdit Professor Mugen was a specialist in subspace-travel technology necessary for FTL travel and also constructed his own subspace submersible which he used to discover new routes through subspace. His final creation, the Advaseele, was capable of diving to the deepest parts of subspace where no craft could previously go . RelationshipsEdit Kanata MugenEdit Professor Mugen used to have a good relationship with his son. Despite his son's later disillusionment with his father and his work, partly stemming from his resentment at being seen as 'Professor Mugen's son' rather than himself, the professor cared for his son and his future, leaving behind his legacy as well as the necessary tools and clues for his son, and entrusting the Bentenmaru with the task of aiding him should the time come when he was presented with the choice for his future . Scarlett CypherEdit Scarlett is one of the professor's diver comrades, referred to as Carlie. Their exact relationship isn't known but Scarlett was curious to see what he had left behind and hoped to see . GalleryEdit TriviaEdit - The professor's seiyuu also voices Flint. - The professor's surname, Mugen, means infinite or infinity.	http://mouretsupirates.wikia.com/wiki/Professor_Mugen
- No results found... Virginia Center For Family Relations, PC Closed until 8:00 AM(540) 885-3481Get DirectionsWebsite 1450 Sachem Pl Charlottesville VA 22901 US \|Today\| 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM \|Tomorrow\| 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM \|Wednesday\| 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM \|Thursday\| 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM \|Friday\| 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM \|Saturday\|\|Closed\| \|Sunday\|\|Closed\| About Us What's different about VCFR? We provide evidenced-based and faith-based counseling in Charlottesville, VA. When you are in need, confused and vulnerable, what are you going to do? Facing a life situation that you've never faced before? Are you in an "uncharted" territory and facing new challenges in your life? Asking yourself, "Which way do I turn?" Feeling rejected and alone, and that your trust has been shattered? Thinking, "I have no clue what to do or where to turn"? Business Details Categories Family counselor. To suggest an edit, please contact your sales representative.	https://local.newsleader.com/loc-va-center-for-family-relations-0000000154
Oaky, I think I've got this photo thing down, maybe... If so, here is my first Russian Scion I put up today. I'm hoping to entice my bees! Any luck with that, SueBee? I'm tempted to try something like that out. I've got a small hive that wintered over in a birdhouse...in the shadow of trees all winter. It came through without any treatment, meds, or feeding. I'd love to keep the genetics of that hive. Your scion doesn't look like much work, I think I'll try it. Hey Solarpat! The scion was easy-peasy to make, but so far, none of my swarms have taken to it. My experience in my own backyard, where I over-wintered my one hive, has been pretty wild where swarms are concerned! I am keeping my bees treatment free, and was given (big blessing!) a full TB hive from a friend who had kept his girls treatment free and untouched for six years. So, I went into spring with two hives that I decided I wanted to maintain as my only bees, and populate two more hives with the genetics of these bees. I hope to have them be successful enough that I don't need to be bringing in any new bees to my tiny apiary. SO...in just the previous month and a half, I have had 7 swarm events from these two hives (one hive swarmed 5 times, one swarmed once, and yesterday the prime swarm from my overwintered hive swarmed a prime swarm after only six weeks of totally filling up their new top bar hive). Sheesh! Short story--all of the swarms seemed to "look" for a shady, bushy spot. They all settled fairly low but for one that went 25 ft up. Several "checked out" the scion, but chose a different landing site. I believe that if your bees are in an open pasture, they might well use the scion. I am in a city yard with lots of trees and shrubs, and so they have LOTS of choices on where to land. I am going to move the scion to a more protected spot, and see if they like that better. My best "swarm" education came from reading Honey Bee Democracy by Thomas Seeley. By reading and noting the pre-swarm behaviors to watch for, I was able to pinpoint to the day and nearly the hour when my bees would swarm, and I kept close to home that day and watched for it. I loved his book! I have kept two swarms to fill my two new hives, and sent all the rest to live with grateful friend beeks. In this way, I figure that if I lose my girls, I can still get their genetics back from my friends! I know how you feel about wanting to grow your special bees and keep them near. You get to know the particulars of how your girls behave, and to plan for it. I guess I won't need the scion. A couple of ginormous swarms came over. One went into my new log hive, the other one is 'hanging out' on the outside of it. I have a feeling they came from the commercial hives they put in the cranberry bogs recently. Oh well, I'm a happy man. Gotta get a video made.	https://biobees.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=17654
: F30 Introduction Moved Up? View Single Post # 20 03-08-2010, 12:39 AM kontir Tirona Location: NYC Join Date: May 2009 Posts: 604 Mein Auto: 750Li View My Garage Quote: Originally Posted by tturedraider there were also "confirmed rumors" the new x3 was coming early and even though it needs to come early it's not. I see no reason for bmw to alter their seven year model cycle for the 3er. Think about it - the facelift is just now coming for the coupes and 'verts as 2011 models. Bmw brings coupes and 'verts one year after sedans and tourings. If they brought the f30 next year (2011) as a 2012 model and then brought the coupes and 'verts the next year (2012) as 2013 models they would get only two years out of the e92/93 facelift. They're not going to do that. The f30 will come out some time between the spring and fall of 2012 as a 2013 model. Honestly, i cannot understand why the mods even created this sub-forum.	http://www.bimmerfest.com/forums/showpost.php?p=4998287&postcount=20
Painting a body of water that looks realistic can be a great addition to a landscape but it also presents many challenges. There are many different ways water can be part of a landscape from a very still lake with mirror-like reflections to a very agitated waterfall, and there are many different styles of painting from photo realistic to abstract. Whatever your style is and the type of water you are painting, knowing what to look at can be very helpful when you’re practicing or just learning how to paint water. Here are 10 Things to Keep in Mind when Painting Water: 1. The Color of the Water Water itself has no color, but there could be some elements, like particles in suspension in the water, that could modify its color, like the turquoise of glacier lakes. So one of the first things to consider is the color of the water itself. 2. What Is Underneath the Surface? Can it be visible through the water? What is the color and texture of what is under the water? They may be a few objects, such as rocks, under the water. Usually, they will look darker in color when they are under water. 3. Is There a Reflection of What is above the Surface? Even in very still water, the reflections won’t be a simple mirror image of what is above the water. The color of reflections, for example, will be influenced by many factors, but in general, light to medium colors will appear darker and muted while very dark colors might appear a bit lighter. The shapes will appear to be more vertical. 4. Is there Refraction of the Light? Refraction by little waves is causing the light patterns you can see on the sand or on a swimming pool floor. 5. How Far are You from the Water? Your distance to the water is important as well, ince water will become less reflective as it is closer to the viewer. 6. What is the Light Quality? It will affect the color of the water. 7. What Colors do You See in Reflections? Surprising colors, like red, might be found in reflections. 8. Consider Layering Because you have so many factors to consider, painting water by layering will usually get better results than trying to paint it all at once. One method consists of painting each element independently: the substrate, color of water, refraction, reflection, etc. 9. Localize Ripples and Smooth Areas Ripples will appear smaller and flatter as you move closer to the horizon line; they might look elliptical or parallel or have very complex shapes. When painting the sea, waves will appear more parallel, further away from the viewer. In a large body of water, there could be alternating areas with waves and no reflection and areas with calmer waters and reflections.	https://beshc.com/reflective-surfaces-top-10-tips-for-painting-water/
These soft and slightly chewy Chocolate Chip Cookie are made using a boiled egg...yep straight from the picnic rug!! Prep Time 10 mins Cook Time 15 mins Total Time 30 mins Servings: 12 Author: [email protected] Ingredients INGREDIENTS Hard Boiled Egg Chocolate Chip Cookies 1/4 Cup Coconut Oil 1/4 Cup Maple Syrup/Rice Malt Syrup 2 teaspoons Vanilla Extract 1 hard boiled Egg diced into small pieces 1/2 Cup plus 2 Tablespoons Arrowroot 1/4 Cup plus 1 Tablespoon plus 1 teaspoon Coconut Flour 1/4 teaspoon Bicarb Soda Baking Soda 1/2 teaspoon Salt 50 grams Chocolate Chips Chocolate Chips This recipe makes 100 grams 1/4 Cup Coconut Oil 1/4 Cup Cocoa 1 Tablespoon Maple Syrup 1 teaspoon Vanilla Extract Dash Salt Instructions INSTRUCTIONS Hard Boiled Egg Chocolate Chip Cookies Preheat the oven to 180C/360F. Line and grease 2 baking trays. Using a blender, place the coconut oil, maple syrup and vanailla into the bowl and blend/pulse til combined. Alternatively a hand blender can be used. Add the diced hard boiled egg and blend until no egg chuncks remain. Add the dry ingredients and blend until a nice dough forms. Scrape down the edges of the bowl at least once to make sure all the ingredients are incorporated. Gently, and not too much, fold in the chocolate chips. Take heaped Tablespoon amounts of mixture and form into a ball. Place the ball on the tray and, using your palm or a spoon, flatten 1/2 to 2/3 way down. The cookies will spread only a bit so allow 2-3 cm between each cookie. Repeat and use the other trays. Bake the Hard Boiled Egg Chocolate Chip Cookies for 13-15 minutes. Allow to cool on the tray and then eat lots! Cooled cookies can be kept in an airtight container but they will soften the lobger they are left (so eat more!) Chocolate Chips Melt the coconut oil in a saucepan over a very low heat. Stir in the maple syrup and vanilla. Stir/whisk through the cocoa. Allow to thicken slightly. Pour the Chocolate into a small lined baking tray and freeze for 1 hour. Remove the Chocolate from the freezer and break into large pieces. Use a sharp knife and a cutting board to cut the chocolate into small pieces Use immediately or refreeze for later use.	https://mummymade.it/wprm_print/10339
Q: Calculate compounding factor I have a set of data as follow and want to calculate the compounding factor for each of the items based on the Duration column. The condition is that Duration is a multiple of 12, then I will apply a factor. For example, item 2 has Duration starts from M34 to M37, I will apply a factor to M36. However, the tricky part is I dont want to apply any factor if the first element in Duration vector for each item is a multiple of 12. For example, Item 1 starts from M24 to M27. Even though M24 is a multiple of 12, I dont want to apply any factor here. This is my original dataset: ID Rate.1 Duration 1: 1 0.0200 M24 2: 1 0.0200 M25 3: 1 0.0200 M26 4: 1 0.0200 M27 5: 2 0.0200 M34 6: 2 0.0200 M35 7: 2 0.0200 M36 8: 2 0.0200 M37 9: 2 0.0200 M48 What I want is Rate.2 col below: ID Rate.1 Duration Rate.2 1: 1 0.0200 M24 1 2: 1 0.0200 M25 1 3: 1 0.0200 M26 1 4: 1 0.0200 M27 1 5: 2 0.0200 M34 1 6: 2 0.0200 M35 1 7: 2 0.0200 M36 1.2 8: 2 0.0200 M37 1.2 9: 2 0.0200 M48 1.44 Is there a neat solution for this? Thanks A: It's not overly neat. Edited solution without loop: df=data.frame("ID"=c(rep(1,4),rep(2,5)), "Rate.1"=rep(0.02,9), "Duration"=paste0("M",c(24:27,34:37,48)) ) ids = which(as.numeric(sub("M","",df$Duration[-1]))%%12 == 0)+1 df$Rate.2 = 1 df$Rate.2[ids]=1.2 df$Rate.2=cumprod(df$Rate.2) df ID Rate.1 Duration Rate.2 1 1 0.02 M24 1.00 2 1 0.02 M25 1.00 3 1 0.02 M26 1.00 4 1 0.02 M27 1.00 5 2 0.02 M34 1.00 6 2 0.02 M35 1.00 7 2 0.02 M36 1.20 8 2 0.02 M37 1.20 9 2 0.02 M48 1.44 Previous solution with for loop: df$Rate.2 = 1 ids = which(as.numeric(sub("M","",df$Duration))%%12 == 0) for(i in 2:nrow(df)){ if(i%in%ids){ df$Rate.2[i:nrow(df)]=df$Rate.2[i:nrow(df)]*1.2 } }
Have a story idea Have a story idea? Send it to us here. Source : Flickr February 12, 2022 Author : Christina Cyr Bay County leaders previously voted to expand the existing courthouse to accommodate juvenile courthouse services. The original agreed-upon price was $12.5 million. Still, the contractor kept raising the price with recent inflation, and the commission was no longer comfortable with the new price, according to Bay County Commissioner Robert Carroll. The commission decided to put it out to rebid, he said. “We thought it was an opportunity to put it back out on the streets,” said Carroll. “Allow other contractors and the current contractors, who are more than welcomed to rebid it as well; maybe they can find some other savings there.” According to The Panama City News Herald, once the bids are submitted, the commission will vote on a new contract in the coming months. Inflation continues to rise in 2022. According to the Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council on Thursday, consumer price index inflation came in at 0.6 percent in the month of January, marking a 7.5 percent increase over the previous 12 months. As of Friday, 1,000 board feet of lumber cost $1204.90. Lows for the past 12 months were reached in August at $621.5, marking a nearly 100 percent increase in six months. Still, prices for lumber are not as high as their 12-month peak at $1553 in May, 2021. With lumber as well as other commodities, inflation isn’t the only cause of rising costs as the supply chain continues to suffer from fallout over coronavirus-related disruptions.	https://www.contractornews.com/423/inflation-causes-construction-delay-for-bay-county-juvenile-courthouse
The FIFA world cup rules are divided into three different categories. According to these, the game is played. The laws which are applied in the world cup are created by the Football international Association Board (IFAB). Group stage, Match intervals, and Knockout Stages are the three types of rules. Types of FIFA World Cup Rules Match Inverted The whole game is played for up to 90 minutes; each half lasts 45 minutes. There will be a halftime break for 15 minutes after 45 minutes of play. Due to the running clock used in soccer, the game stops when the ball goes out of bounds or for any other reason. As a result, the referee adds a period to the end of each half after counting down the time that has passed during a free kick. Moreover, as suggested by FIFA Medical, the referee may take additional rests during a game when it is inclement weather. Group Stage Knockout Stages The champion and runner-up from each group then participate in the knockout rounds, where losing means you are eliminated from the event. The round of 16 is the first stage; the quarterfinals are the second; the semifinals are the third; and the final is the fourth. The teams who lose in the semifinals will play a playoff game to determine who will finish third. Below is the Round-16 Schedule \|Match\|\|Result\| \|Winner A vs. Runner-up B\|\|Winner 1\| \|Winner B vs. Runner-up A\|\|Winner 2\| \|Winner C vs. Runner-up D\|\|Winner 3\| \|Winner D vs. Runner-up C\|\|Winner 4\| \|Winner E vs. Runner-up F\|\|Winner 5\| \|Winner F vs. Runner-up E\|\|Winner 6\| \|Winner G vs. Runner-up H\|\|Winner 7\| \|Winner H vs. Runner-up G\|\|Winner 8\| Below is the Quarter Final Schedule \|Match Name\|\|Match Name\|\|Competing Team\| \|Quarter Final Game 1\|\|A\|\|Winner 1 vs. Winner 3\| \|Second quarterfinal game\|\|B\|\|Winner 5 vs. Winner 7\| \|Third quarterfinal game\|\|C\|\|Winner 2 vs. Winner 4\| \|Fourth quarterfinal game\|\|D\|\|Winner 6 vs. Winner 8\| Below is the Semi-final Schedule \|Match Name\|\|Competing Team\| \|Semifinal Game 1\|\|Winner A vs. Winner B\| \|Semifinal Game 2\|\|Winner C vs. Winner D\| Moreover, extra time will be used in the quarterfinals if the score is tied after the allotted 90 minutes have passed. Therefore, after the 90 minutes of play, there will be a five-minute break and a one-minute pause after the first 15 minutes of this extra time. After extra time, if the score is still tied, both sides will take penalty kicks. Each side sends out five players to try to score a penalty shot during penalty kicks. After each side has taken five pictures, the winning team is determined by how many goals they have achieved. The first team to successfully execute a penalty shot while the opposing team misses will be deemed the winner if the score is deadlocked after five attempts. The World Cup is won by the team that completes all of the knockout round stages.	https://sportsest.com/2022-fifa-world-cup-rules-and-regulations/
Q: Number of non-negative integer solutions for $x+y+z = n^2$ What is the number of solutions for $x+y+z = n^2$ for $x,y,z$ non-negative integers? I thought to use generating functions. I know that the generating function for $x_1+x_2+...+x_k= n$ when $x_i \in S_i$ for $i \in \{1,2,...k\}$ is $$\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_nx^n=\prod_{i=0}^{k}(\sum_{n\in S_i}x^n) $$ based in that can I say that the generating function for the number of solutions for $x_1+x_2+...+x_k= n^2$ is $$\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_nx^n=(\prod_{i=0}^{k}(\sum_{n\in S_i}x^n))^2 $$ If not, is there a different way to find the number of solutions for the equation above? EDIT: I added another variable, so now the number of solutions for this equation, because I wanted to ask about the general case A: This can be solved with generating functions but here is a simpler way. You are searching for the number of weak compositions of $n^2$ into $k=3$ parts ($x$, $y$, and $z$). The answer is given by stars and bars: $$ \binom{n^2 + k - 1}{k - 1} = \binom{n^2 + 2}{2} $$
Figure out how many guests will be attending. If several children will be in attendance, consider having a children's table. If you would like the children at the main table, consider booster chairs if the children are small. Step 2 Determine where everyone should sit. For convenience, the cook may want to sit near the kitchen door. Parents should sit next to their children. If there is a male guest, he is traditionally seated on the hostess's right. A female guest is traditionally seated on the host's right. For large parties, determine who would interact best with each other. Some people like to alternate between men and women, but this isn't necessary. You may want to use name cards to avoid everyone rushing for a seat at the last minute. Step 3 Decide if you will use a tablecloth. If the tablecloth is white damask, you will need a pad under it to prevent it from slipping. Also, the middle crease should be arranged so that it runs in a straight and unwavering line down the center of the table from head to foot. When the tablecloth is on, it should hang down about a foot and a half if it is a seated dinner. If it is a buffet dinner, it should hang down to the floor. Step 4 Set the table once you've adjusted the tablecloth. Begin by folding napkins and placing them in the center of each diner's place. Step 5 Place the large dinner fork to the left of the napkin and the smaller salad fork to the left of the dinner fork. Step 6 Place a salad plate to the left of the forks. The dinner plate should not be on the table when guests sit down. Step 7 Place a knife to the right of the napkin, with the cutting edge toward the plate. For chicken or a game bird, you might want to use a steak knife. Step 8 Put out two spoons if you're serving both soup and dessert. The small dessert spoon should be placed to the right of the knife. Place the soup spoon to the right of the dessert spoon. (You can also wait and bring the dessert spoons out just before dessert.) Step 9 Place a bread plate with a butter knife (if you have them) about 2 inches above the forks. Step 10 Place a water goblet about 2 inches above the knife. To the right of the goblet and slightly closer to the dinner guest, place a wine glass. Step 11 Place a cup and saucer, if you're serving coffee or tea, to the right of the setting, with a coffee spoon on the right side of the saucer.	http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_8380_set-table.html
--- abstract: 'We investigate the stable circular orbits of the spinning test particles around the accelerating Kerr black hole on the equatorial plane. To this end, we first calculate the equations of motion and analyze the parameter space for the particles. We study the effect of the particle’s spin and the black hole’s acceleration on the conserved angular momentum, conserved energy and radius of the spinning test particle on the innermost stable circular orbit. We find that the effect of the particle’s spin on the orbit parameters is almost linear, the effect of the black hole’s acceleration on those parameters is nonlinear. We also explore the effects of the particle’s spin and the black hole’s acceleration on the periastron shift for the spinning particle in the nearly stable circular orbit.' author: - Ming Zhang - Jie Jiang title: Stable circular orbits of spinning test particles around accelerating Kerr black hole --- Introduction ============ For a massive particle revolving around a central black hole on a circular orbit, there exists one orbit with minimal radius, which is named as the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). It is the last stable orbit on which the particle will not plunge into the black hole. The properties of ISCO convey the information of the spacetime geometry and the central black body. The radius, angular momentum and energy of the particle on the ISCO in fact depend on the Killing vectors of the spacetime as well as hairs of the black hole. The binary black hole system with an extreme mass ratio can be viewed as a test particle moving around a black hole. In view of this, the ISCO is the end stage of the relative circular motion of the system which at the same time emits gravitational waves [@Abbott:2016blz; @Abbott:2016nmj], and also the beginning of the inspiral motion. Another motivation to study the ISCO of the particle is to gain our recognition of the accretion disc [@Page:1974he]. For a spherically symmetric black hole, without loss of generality, we usually study the particle on the equatorial plane. The ISCO of the massive particle for this kind of black hole is unique, irrespective of the direction of the particle’s orbital angular momentum. Of course the characteristic quantities for this kind of ISCO are also definite. For instance, for a Schwarzschild black hole, the well-known result is that the radius of the ISCO for a massive particle is $6M$ with $M$ the mass of the black hole [@chandrasekhar1985mathematical]. For the case where the central black hole is rotating, the ISCOs of the massive particles revolving around depend on the orbital angular momentum of the particles. That is, for the particles moving on the co-rotating orbit and on the counter-rotating orbit, their ISCOs are split, with distinct ISCO quantities. A typical example is the Kerr case. For massive particles revolving around an extreme Kerr black hole with mass $M$, the radius of the ISCO for a prograde particle is $M$, whilst for a retrograde particle that radius, in contrast, becomes $9M$ [@bardeen1972jm]. The cases mentioned above are for ideal test particles moving along the geodesics. To really achieve the aims of the ISCO investigation, we should also consider the properties of the test particles, as the particles we focus on in a realistic astrophysical process are extended objects owning internal structures. The internal structure of the test body reminds us that we should at least take the finite size effects at the dipole level into consideration, despite there are quadrupole and other higher multipole moments [@Steinhoff:2009tk]. In other words, we should at least consider the spin of the particle. There are plenty of documentations on the studies of the ISCOs for not only the spin-less particles [@Liu:2017fjx; @Chakraborty:2013kza; @Pugliese:2011xn; @Zahrani:2014rqa; @Abdujabbarov:2009az; @Delsate:2015ina; @Isoyama:2014mja] but also the spinning ones [@Harms:2016ctx; @Lukes-Gerakopoulos:2017vkj; @Zhang:2017nhl; @Hojman:1976kn]. As we have said above, the background spacetimes which were concerned are spherically symmetric and axially symmetric. (See the red more recent ones in [@Conde:2019juj; @Toshmatov:2019bda]. And for the axially symmetric black hole, the ISCO investigation usually focuses on the equatorial plane. What we should further notice is that the southern hemispheres and the northern hemispheres of those axially symmetric black holes, e.g., the Kerr black hole, are also symmetric. In what follows, we will introduce our work about ISCO for the spinning test particle around the well-known accelerating Kerr black hole [@Griffiths:2005se] which is algebraically type-D [@Griffiths2009gravitation] and belongs to a larger class of Plebański-Demiański spacetime, including black hole parameters mass, electric charge, magnetic charge, NUT parameter, acceleration parameter, cosmological constant, and spin [@Griffiths:2005qp] (The effect of the NUT parameter [@Bordo:2019rhu] in this spacetime may be investigated separately in future and we will not concentrate on it at present.). Due to the acceleration caused by the cosmic string [@Appels:2016uha], the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere of the accelerating Kerr black hole are not identical. We will investigate the interplay of the particle’s spin and the black hole’s acceleration on the ISCO characteristic quantities (conserved angular momentum, conserved energy and radius) for the spinning particle on the equatorial plane of the accelerating Kerr black hole. As we will encounter an obstacle to analytically obtain the equations of motion for an orbit deviated from the equatorial plane, though it may be possible in the linear order of the particle’s spin [@Mukherjee:2018zug] in a region far away from the acceleration horizon of the black hole (which makes the conformal factor normalized) [@Yao:2011ai]. The motion on the equatorial plane is adequate to reflect the effects of the black hole’s acceleration on the system. The generic elliptical orbit of a particle in the strong gravity region is not closed so that the particle will not return back to the initial point after an orbital period. This phenomenon is the well-known periastron shift (which is also named as periastron precession or periastron advance). The study of the periastron shift of a spinless particle around the Schwarzschild black hole can be seen in many textbooks, e.g., [@wald1984general]. The periastron shifts for spinning binary black holes moving on quasi-circular orbits were computed using the effective-one-body formalism in [@Hinderer:2013uwa] and using numerical-relativity simulations, the post-Newtonian approximation and theory of black hole perturbation in [@Tiec:2013twa]. Recently, periastron shifts for a spinning particle around the overcharging Reissner-Nordström spacetime and overspinning Kerr spacetime moving in nearly circular orbits were studied in [@Mukherjee:2018zug]. In this paper, we will not only investigate the ISCO but also study the periastron shift for the spinning particle on the equatorial nearly stable circular orbit of the accelerating Kerr black hole. Based on this setup, the remaining parts of this paper are arranged as follows. In Sec. \[eos\], we will present the equations of motion as well as the constraints of the motion for a spinning test particle in the accelerating Kerr spacetime. In Sec. \[isco\] we will show the interplay of the particle’s spin and acceleration of the black hole on the characteristic quantities of the particle on the ISCO. In Sec. \[peri\], we will study the periastron shift for the spinning particle in the equatorial nearly stable circular orbit of the accelerating Kerr black hole. Sec. \[con\] will be devoted to our closing remarks. Equations of motion for charged spinning test body in accelerating Kerr spacetime {#eos} ================================================================================= Equations of motion ------------------- The Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon (MPD) equations [@Papapetrou:1951pa; @Dixon:1970zza] $$\frac{D P^a}{D \tau }=-\frac{1}{2}R^a{}_{bcd}v^{b} S^{cd},$$ $$\frac{D S^{\text{ab}}}{D \tau }=2P^{[a}v^{b]}$$ should be used to model the motion of a spinning test particle. In the above equations, when the spin tensor $S^{ab}$ vanishes, the equations are reduced to describe the geodesic motion of a spinless particle. $P^{a}$ and $v^{a}$ are the four-momentum and four-velocity of the particle, respectively, and $\tau$ is the parameter along the trajectory of the particle. To restrict the MPD equations to obtain the equations of motion for the spinning particle, we here use the Tulczyjew condition to ensure the conservation of the dynamical mass of the particle by choosing a consistent centre-of-mass, that is [@tulczyjew1959motion; @dixon1964covariant; @Dixon:1970zza] $$S^{ab} P_b=0.$$ The four-momentum of the particle defines the mass of the particle measured in the zero three-momentum frame by the relation [@Costa:2017kdr; @Obukhov:2010kn] $$P^a P_a=-\mathcal{M}^{2},$$ which at the same time means that the normalized dynamical four-momentum of the particle should be $$u^a\equiv \frac{P^a}{\mathcal{M}}.$$ The contract of the four-velocity $v^a$ and the four-momentum $P^a$ gives the other mass of the particle measured in the zero three-velocity frame [@Costa:2017kdr; @Obukhov:2010kn], as $P_av^a=-m$. As the magnitude $S$ of the spin for the particle is conserved, we have [@Wald:1972sz] $$S^{ab}S_{ab}=2 S^2.$$ Utilizing the above conditions, one can get the difference between the four-velocity and the normalized four-momentum for the spinning particle as [@Costa:2017kdr; @Obukhov:2010kn; @Hojman:1976kn; @Lukes-Gerakopoulos:2017cru] $$\label{relationuv} v^a=N\left(u^a+\frac{2 S^{ab} u^c R_{bcde} S^{de}}{S^{bc} R_{bcde} S^{de}+4 \mathcal{M}^2}\right),$$ where $$N\equiv \frac{m}{\mathcal{M}}\nonumber.$$ For the spinless particle, the mass $\mathcal{M}$ and $m$ are identical. According to the Tulczyjew SSC, we know that $\mathcal{M}$ is invariable along the worldline of the test particle. However, the mass $m$ is variable. We have $\mathcal{M}=m+\mathcal{O}(S^{2})$, which means that, at the linear order of spin of the particle, the mass $\mathcal{M}$ and $m$ cannot be differentiated [@Ruangsri:2015cvg]. Under the reparametrization of the orbital parameter $\tau$, we thus can fix the parameter to satisfy $v^{a}u_{a}=-1$ [@Tanaka:1996ht; @Saijo:1998mn; @Mukherjee:2018zug] so that $N=1$. The spacetime background we study in this article is the accelerating Kerr black hole, which can be described by the line element [@Anabalon:2018qfv] $$\begin{aligned} ds^2=&\frac {dt^2 \left(\Delta -a^2 P \sin ^2 \theta \right)}{\alpha ^2 \Sigma \Omega ^2}+\frac{dr^2 \Sigma }{\Delta \Omega ^2}+\frac{d\theta^2 \Sigma }{P \Omega ^2}\\&+\frac{d\phi^2 \sin^2\theta\left[P \left(a^2+r^2\right)^2-a^2 \Delta \sin ^2\theta\right]}{K^2 \Sigma \Omega ^2}\\&-\frac{2 a dt d\phi \sin ^2\theta \left[P \left(a^2+r^2\right)-\Delta \right]}{\alpha K \Sigma \Omega ^2}, \end{aligned}$$ where $$\begin{aligned} \Sigma~ &=&r^2+a^2 \cos ^2\theta,\nonumber~\\ \Delta &=&(1-A^{2}r^{2})(r^{2}-2 Mr+a^2),\nonumber\\ \Omega&=&1+A r \cos \theta,\nonumber\\P&=&1+2 A M \cos \theta +a^2 A^2 \cos ^2\theta\nonumber ,\\ \alpha&=&\frac{\sqrt{\left(1-a^2 A^2\right) \left(a^2 A^2+1\right)}}{a^2 A^2+1}\nonumber.\end{aligned}$$ In this metric, $M, a$ are the mass and angular momentum per mass of the black hole, just like its Kerr counterpart. $A$ is the acceleration parameter of the black hole, $K$ produces the conical deficits on the north or the south pole. $\alpha$ is a rescaling parameter which makes the Killing vector related to the time coordinate be normalized at conformal infinity. The conformal boundary of the spacetime is determined by the conformal factor $\Omega$. The conical deficits at the two poles are $$\delta_{\pm}=2\pi\left(1-\frac{P_{\pm}}{K}\right),$$ with $$P_{\pm}=1\pm 2MA+a^{2}A^{2}\nonumber$$ corresponding to $P(\theta=0)$ and $P(\theta=\pi)$, respectively. The tensions on the two poles are $$\mu_{\pm}=\frac{\delta_{\pm}}{8\pi}.$$ Choosing the normalized tetrad $$e_a^{(0)}dx^a =\frac{1}{\Omega}\sqrt{\frac{\Delta }{\Sigma }} \left(\frac{dt}{\alpha}-a \sin^{2}\theta \frac{d\phi}{K} \right),\label{tetrad}$$ $$e_a^{(1)}dx^a =\frac{1}{\Omega}\sqrt{\frac{\Sigma }{\Delta }}dr,\label{tetrad2}$$$$e_a^{(2)}dx^a = \frac{1}{\Omega}\sqrt{\frac{\Sigma}{P} }d\theta, \label{tetrad3}$$$$e_a^{(3)}dx^a =\frac{\sin \theta}{\Omega}\sqrt{\frac{P}{\Sigma}} \left[-\frac{a dt}{\alpha}+\left(a^2+r^2\right)\frac{d\phi}{K}\right],\label{tetrad4}$$ the accelerating Kerr metric can be expressed as $$g_{ab}=\eta_{(i)(j)}e_{a}^{(i)}e_{b}^{(j)},$$ with $\eta_{(i)(j)}=\text{diag}(-1,1,1,1)$. It has been verified that the conserved quantity of the spinning particle in a spacetime relating with the Killing vector $\xi^a$ is [@Dixon:1970zza] $$C_{\xi }=-\frac{1}{2} S^{ab} \nabla _b\xi _a+\xi _a P^a.$$ For the accelerating Kerr spacetime, it is not difficult to see that $\xi_{t}\equiv \left(\frac{\partial }{\partial t}\right)^a$ and $\xi_{\phi}\equiv \left(\frac{\partial }{\partial \phi }\right)^a$ are two Killing vectors that produce two conserved quantities—the conserved energy $e$ and the conserved angular momentum $j$—as $$-C_{\xi_{t}}=e=\frac{1}{2 \mathcal{M}}S^{tb} \nabla _b\xi _t-\xi _t u^t,$$ $$\label{conj} C_{\xi_{\phi}}=j=-\frac{1}{2 \mathcal{M}}S^{\phi b} \nabla _b\xi_\phi+u^\phi \xi_\phi.$$ The spin tensor of the spinning particle is related to the particle’s spin vector via the relation $$S^{(c) (d)}=\mathcal{M}\varepsilon^{(c)(d)}_{}{}_{(a) (b)}u^{(a)}s^{(b)},$$ where $\varepsilon_{(a)(b)(c)(d)}$ is the completely antisymmetric tensor and $\varepsilon_{(0)(1)(2)(3)}=1$. As we focus on the motions of the particle on the equatorial plane, we have $v^{(2)}=u^{(2)}=0$. We can set $$s^{(2)}=-s,\, s^{(0)}=s^{(1)}=s^{(3)}=0,$$ where $s>0$ and $s<0$ mean that the spin directions are parallel and antiparallel to the spin of the black hole, respectively. Then we can obtain the non-vanishing components of the spin tensor as $$\begin{aligned} S^{(0)(1)}&=&-\mathcal{M} s u^{(3)},\\ S^{(0)(3)}&=&\mathcal{M} s u^{(1)},\\ S^{(1)(3)}&=&\mathcal{M} s u^{(0)}.\end{aligned}$$ Thus the conserved energy and conserved angular momentum can be further expressed as $$\begin{aligned} e=\frac{\sqrt{\Delta}}{\alpha r}u^{(0)}+\frac{a r+s \left(A^2 M r^2-A^2 r^3+M\right)}{\alpha r^2}u^{(3)},\end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} j=&\left(-\frac{s \left(A^2 r^2-1\right) \left(a^2 \sqrt{\Delta }-2 M r+r^2\right)}{\Delta K r}+\frac{a \sqrt{\Delta }}{K r}\right)u^{(0)}\\&+\frac{a^2 r+a s \left(A^2 M r^2-A^2 r^3+M+r\right)+r^3}{K r^2}u^{(3)}, \end{aligned}$$ with which one can further get the components of the normalized four-momentum for the spinning particle as $$\begin{aligned} u^{(0)}=&\frac{\alpha e r \left(a^2 r+a s \left(A^2 M r^2-A^2 r^3+M+r\right)+r^3\right)}{\sqrt{\Delta }\mathcal{X}}\\&-\frac{j K r \left(a r+s \left(A^2 M r^2-A^2 r^3+M\right)\right)}{\sqrt{\Delta }\mathcal{X}}, \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} u^{(2)}&=&0,\\ u^{(3)}&=&\frac{r^2 \left[j K-\alpha e (a+s)\right]}{\mathcal{X}},\\ u^{(1)}&=&\sigma \sqrt{-1+(u^{(0)})^2 - (u^{(3)})^2}=\sigma \sqrt{V},\label{ref}\end{aligned}$$ where $\mathcal{X}=r^3 \left(A^2 s^2+1\right)-M s^2 \left(A^2 r^2+1\right)$, the particle is outgoing for $\sigma=1$ and ingoing for $\sigma=-1$, and $V$ is the radial effective potential for the particle. Using (\[relationuv\]), we have the four-velocity of the spinning particle as $$\begin{aligned} v^{(0)}&=&\left(1+\frac{3 Ms^{2}\left(u^{(3)}\right)^{2}}{\mathcal{P}_{2}}\right)u^{(0)},\\ v^{(1)}&=&\left(1+\frac{3 Ms^{2}\left(u^{(3)}\right)^{2}}{\mathcal{P}_{2}}\right)u^{(1)},\\ v^{(3)}&=&\left(1+\frac{3 Ms^{2}\left(1+\left(u^{(3)}\right)^{2}\right)}{\mathcal{P}_{2}}\right)u^{(3)},\end{aligned}$$ where $$\begin{aligned} \mathcal{P}_2=r^3-M^{2}s^{2}-3M^{2}s^{2}\left(u^{(3)}\right)^{2}.\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ On the other hand, the four-velocity for the charged spinning particle is $$v^a=\left(\frac{\text{dt}}{\text{d$\tau $}},\,\frac{\text{dr}}{\text{d$\tau $}},\, 0,\,\frac{\text{d$\phi $}}{\text{d$\tau $}}\right),$$ Realizing that $$v^{(\alpha)}=e^{(\alpha)}_{a}v^{a},$$ we have $$\begin{aligned} v^{(0)}&=&\frac{1}{\Omega}\sqrt{\frac{\Delta }{\Sigma }} \left(\frac{1}{\alpha}\frac{dt}{d\tau}-\frac{a\sin ^2\theta}{K}\frac{d\phi }{d\tau }\right)\label{velocityone},\\ v^{(1)}&=&\frac{1}{\Omega} \sqrt{\frac{\Sigma }{\Delta }}\frac{dr}{d\tau},\\ v^{(3)}&=&\frac{\sin \theta}{\Omega}\sqrt{\frac{P}{\Sigma}}\left[\frac{a^2+r^2}{K}\frac{d\phi}{d\tau }-\frac{a}{\alpha}\cdot\frac{dt}{d\tau }\right],\label{velocitytwo}\end{aligned}$$ which give $$\frac{dt}{d\tau}=\frac{2 \alpha \Omega \left[ \left(a^2+r^2\right) \sqrt{P\Sigma}v^{(0)}+a \sqrt{P\Delta } v^{(3)}\right]}{2 r^2\sqrt{\Delta P } },$$ $$\label{rtau} \frac{dr}{d\tau}=\Omega\sqrt{\frac{\Delta}{\Sigma}}v^{(1)},$$ $$\label{phitau} \frac{d\phi}{d\tau}=\frac{K \sqrt{\Sigma } \Omega \left(a \sqrt{\Delta } P v^{(0)}+\Delta \sqrt{P} v^{(3)}\right)}{\Delta P r^2}.$$ These are exactly the equations of motion for the spinning particle revolving around the accelerating Kerr black hole on the equatorial plane. Value space of key parameters ----------------------------- The spin of the spinning test particle is positive irrespective of the reference frames we choose, we then have [@Wald:1972sz] $$s=\frac{S}{m}\lesssim r_0\ll r_+ =M+\sqrt{M^2-a^2}\leqslant 2M,$$ where $r_0$ is the size of the particle and $r_+$ is the event horizon radius of the accelerating Kerr black hole which can be obtained by solving $\Delta=0$. The time-like condition of the four-velocity gives $$\mathcal{Y}v^\mu v_\mu\sim -r^{24} \left(1-A^2 r^2\right) \left(a^2+r (r-2 M)\right)<0,$$ where $$\mathcal{Y}=\mathcal{F}(r,A,s,e,j,K,M)^2>0.\nonumber$$ For simplicity, we will not show the tedious expression of $\mathcal{F}$. Then we should keep $$A^2 <\frac{1}{4M^2}.$$ The conformal factor $\Omega$ gives the conformal boundary $$r_\Omega =\left\|-\frac{1}{A\cos\theta}\right\|,$$ which is also named as the accelerated horizon. For $\theta=\pi/2$, the accelerated horizon locates at the spatial infinity [@Anabalon:2018qfv]. We in this paper only consider that $r_\Omega\gg r_+$ for the case $\theta\neq\pi/2$, which yields that $A\ll 1$. The forward-in-time condition which forbids the movement of the particle back in time [@Grib:2013hxa; @wald1984general] demands $$\begin{aligned} \frac{dt}{d\tau}=&\frac{M s (a e-j K)+a r (e (a+s)-j K)+e r^3}{r^3}\\&\times \frac{a \left(\sqrt{a^2+r (r-2 M)}+a\right)+r^2}{a^2+r (r-2 M)}+\mathcal{O}({A^{2}})\\ >&0, \end{aligned}$$ which gives $$j<\frac{e \left(a^2 r+a s (M+r)+r^3\right)}{K (a r+M s)}+\mathcal{O}({A^{2}}).$$ We can see that, if $K\to\infty$, only a particle with negative conserved angular momentum (i.e., the retrograde particle) complies with the forward-in-time condition. ![image](s.pdf){width="7in"} ![image](A.pdf){width="7in"} The ISCO of the spinning particle around the accelerating Kerr black hole {#isco} ========================================================================= To obtain the ISCO parameters of the spinning particle, i.e., the conserved angular momentum $j_I$, the conserved energy $e_I$ and the radius $r_I$, we should set $$\label{conone} \frac{dr}{d\tau}=0,$$ $$\label{contwo} \frac{d^2 r}{d{\tau}^2}=0,$$ $$\label{conthree} \frac{d^2 V}{dr^2}=0,$$ where $V$ is the radial effective potential of the spinning particle defined in (\[ref\]). The first condition restricts that the radial velocity of the particle vanishes; the second condition makes the radial acceleration absent; the third condition further ensures that the location of the particle is at the inflection point of the effective potential. The effective potential of the particle is related to the radial velocity as $$V\sim\left(\frac{dr}{d\tau}\right)^2\sim \left(v^{(1)}\right)^2\sim \left(u^{(1)}\right)^2.$$ Explicitly, We have $$\label{squramo} (u^{(1)})^2=\frac{\kappa e^2 +\beta e + \gamma}{\mathcal{X}^2 \Delta},$$ where $$\begin{aligned} \kappa = \frac{r^2 Z_1 \left(1-a^2 A^2\right)}{a^2 A^2+1}, \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} \beta =-\frac{2 j K r^2 Z_4 \sqrt{1-a^4 A^4}}{a^2 A^2+1}, \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} \gamma = a^2 Z_7+2 a j^2 K^2 r^3 s \left(A^2 M r^2-A^2 r^3+M\right)+r Z_9, \end{aligned}$$ with $$\begin{aligned} Z_{1}=&a^4 A^2 r^4-2 a M r^3 s \left(A^2 r^2-3\right)+r^6\\&+2 a^3 M r s \left(A^2 r^2+1\right)+r^3 s^2 \left(A^2 r^2-1\right) (r-2 M)\\&+a^2 Z_2,\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} Z_{2}=r^3 \left(M \left(2-2 A^2 r^2\right)+A^2 r^3+r\right)+s^2 Z_3,\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} Z_{3}=M \left(2 r-2 A^4 r^5\right)+A^4 r^6+\left(A^2 M r^2+M\right)^2-A^2 r^4,\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} Z_{4}=&a^3 A^2 r^4 - r^3 (r + M (-3 + A^2 r^2)) s\\&+a^2 r s \left(2 M \left(A^2 r^2+1\right)-A^2 r^3\right)+a Z_5,\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} Z_{5}=&M^2 \left(A^2 r^2 s+s\right)^2+A^2 r^4 \left(s^2 \left(A^2 r^2-1\right)+r^2\right)\\&+M Z_6,\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} Z_{6}=-2 A^2 r^5+s^2 \left(-2 A^4 r^5-A^2 r^3+r\right)+2 r^3,\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} Z_{7}=&s^4 \left(A^2 r^2-1\right) \left(A^2 M r^2+M\right)^2\\&-2 M r^3 s^2 \left(A^4 r^4-1\right) \left(A^2 s^2+1\right)\\&+r^6 Z_8,\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} Z_{8}=&A^6 r^2 s^4+A^2 \left(j^2 K^2+r^2-2 s^2\right)-1\\&-A^4 \left(s^4-2 r^2 s^2\right),\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} Z_{9}=&-2 M^3 s^4 \left(A^2 r^2-1\right) \left(A^2 r^2+1\right)^2\\&+r^7 \left(A^2 r^2-1\right) \left(A^2 s^2+1\right)^2\\&+j^2 K^2 r^5 \left(A^4 r^2 s^2+A^2 r^2-1\right)\\&+M^2 r s^2 Z_{10} \left(A^2 r^2+1\right)-2 M r^4 Z_{11},\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} Z_{10}=&j^2 K^2 \left(A^2 r^2+1\right)\\&+\left(A^2 r^2-1\right) \left(5 A^2 r^2 s^2+4 r^2+s^2\right),\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned} Z_{11}=&\left(A^2 r^2-1\right) \left(A^2 s^2+1\right) \left(s^2 \left(2 A^2 r^2+1\right)+r^2\right)\\&+j^2 K^2 \left(A^4 r^2 s^2+A^2 \left(r^2+s^2\right)-1\right).\nonumber \end{aligned}$$ The radial effective potential can be defined as the minimum allowable energy at position $r$ for the spinning particle [@Conde:2019juj], so we have $$\label{veff} V\sim\frac{-\beta+\sqrt{\beta ^2-4 \kappa \gamma }}{2 \kappa }.$$ Then we can obtain the ISCO parameters $r_I,~j_I ,~e_I$ by using Eqs. (\[conone\]), (\[contwo\]), (\[conthree\]) and (\[veff\]). We can have an analytical solution for $A=0\,,s=0$, whist we have to resort to numerical calculations for other cases. We have shown the results in Figs. \[p1\] and \[p2\], where the interplay of the particle’s spin and the acceleration of the black hole are displayed. ![image](A0P.pdf){width="3.3in"} ![image](A0N.pdf){width="3.3in"} ![image](A1P.pdf){width="3.3in"} ![image](A1N.pdf){width="3.3in"} ![image](s0P.pdf){width="3.3in"} ![image](s0N.pdf){width="3.3in"} ![image](s1P.pdf){width="3.3in"} ![image](s1N.pdf){width="3.3in"} In Fig. \[p1\], we have shown the variations of the particle’s conserved angular momentum, conserved energy and radius on ISCO with respect to the particle’s spin. As $s\ll1$, we choose $-0.1<s<0.1$. The time-like condition and the forward-in-time condition of the particle are checked. We choose three different values of the acceleration $A$. The result is obvious, only the conserved angular momentum increases with the particle’s spin on the prograde ISCO, whilst all the three parameters—$r_I,~j_I ,~e_I$—increase with the spin for the retrograde ISCO. In Fig. \[p2\], we have shown the variations of the ISCO parameters with respect to the acceleration $A$ of the black hole. As we need to have an acceleration horizon far away from the ISCO and the event horizon of the accelerating Kerr black hole, we have chosen $0<A<0.02$ for the prograde orbit and $0<A<0.01$ for the retrograde orbit. We see that both the radii of the prograde and the retrograde ISCOs increase with the acceleration; both the particles’ conserved energy on the two kinds of ISCOs decrease with the acceleration. Differently, we have decreasing $j_{I}$ for the prograde orbit and increasing $j_{I}$ for the retrograde orbit when the acceleration of the black hole increases. The parameter $K$ is related to the average deficit of the black hole [@Gregory:2019dtq; @Zhang:2019vpf]. By a transformation $$\label{rphi} \phi\to\phi^{\prime}=K\phi,$$ and then combining it with Eq. (\[conj\]), we can see that $K$ relates with the conserved angular momentum of the particle on ISCO via a simple rescaling relation, and it will not affect the conserved energy and the radius of the particle on the ISCO. So different values of $K$ does not qualitatively change our results in Figs. \[p1\], \[p2\]. Periastron shift of spinning particle around accelerating Kerr black hole {#peri} ========================================================================= If the spinning particle on the stable circular orbit with radius $r_{0}$ is slightly displaced on the radial direction, it will move in a harmonic form with a frequency $$\Omega_{r}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{d^{2}V}{dr^{2}}\right)_{r=r_{0}}.$$ Else, the angular frequency for the stable circular orbit is $$\Omega_{\phi}=\frac{d\phi}{d\tau}.$$ In the Minkowski spacetime limit, we have $\Omega_{r}=\Omega_{\phi}$; however, in the strong gravity region near the black hole, the radial oscillatory frequency is not equal to the angular frequency. The difference between them is defined as the periastron shift $$\Omega_{P}=\Omega_{\phi}-\Omega_{r}.$$ We numerically calculate the periastron shifts for the spinning test particle in the equatorial nearly stable circular orbits around the accelerating Kerr black hole and show our obtained results in Figs. \[p3\]-\[p6\]. Preliminarily, Comparing Fig. \[p3\] with Fig \[p4\], we can see that variations of periastron shifts with respect to the radial coordinate for the spinning test particle share similar characteristics in the background of both the accelerating Kerr black hole (including its Schwarzschild limit) and the Kerr black hole (including its Schwarzschild limit). (Note that $K=1$ in the Kerr/Schwarzschild cases, but we set $K=0.9$ here. As shown in Eq. \[rphi\], this does not change the results qualitatively.) Also, comparing Fig. \[p5\] with Fig \[p6\], we can know that variations of periastron shifts for the test particle with respect to the radial coordinate share similar characteristics, whether the spin of the particle is considered or not. By further analyzing, we get some other features as follows: \(1) The leftmost point on every curve corresponds to the ISCO and all the periastron shifts go asymptotically to zero when the radial coordinate extends to spatial infinity. The periastron shift decreases monotonically with respect to the radial coordinate for spinning or spinless particle on prograde orbit under the background of a black hole endowed with acceleration/angular momentum or without acceleration/ angular momentum. In contrast, the negative periastron shift for the particle on retrograde orbit first decreases to the minimum at a position near the ISCO and then increases monotonically with respect to the radial coordinate. \(2) According to Fig. \[p3\] and Fig. \[p4\], we know that the periastron shift of the particle on the prograde orbit will be boosted by the particle spin antiparallel to the black hole spin and will be weakened by the particle spin parallel to the black hole spin; the periastron shift of the particle on the retrograde orbit will be boosted by the particle spin parallel to the black hole spin and will be weakened by the particle spin antiparallel to the black hole spin. \(3) According to Fig. \[p5\] and Fig. \[p6\], we know that the acceleration of the black hole has an effect of increasing the periastron shifts for the particles both on the prograde orbit and the retrograde orbit. \(4) The periastron shifts for the particle on the prograde ISCOs increase with the spin of the particle and decrease with the acceleration of the black hole; the periastron shifts for the particle on the retrograde ISCOs increase with the spin of the particle and increase with the acceleration of the black hole. \(5) For the particle on the retrograde orbit, the minimum value of the periastron shift always increases with the acceleration and the angular momentum of the black hole as well as the spin of the particle. Closing remarks {#con} =============== We investigated the innermost stable circular orbits of the spinning test particles in the accelerating Kerr spacetime. Using MPD equations with proper supplement conditions, we gave the equations of motion for the spinning particle. After analyzing the parameter space, we further studied the interplay of the particle’s spin, the black hole’s acceleration on the angular momentum, energy and the radius of the particle on the ISCO, which was elucidated in detail in Sec. \[isco\]. On the whole, we found that the effect of the particle’s spin on the ISCO parameters is almost linear, whereas the effect of the black hole’s acceleration is non-linear, even we have, starting from physically reasonable conditions, set them to be much less than unity. This can be explained by analyzing the radial effective potential of the spinning particle which can be expanded as $$\begin{aligned}\label{4815} V\approx&2 a^2 e^2 M r^5-a^2 r^6-4 a e j K M r^5+2 j^2 K^2 M r^5\\&+a^2 e^2 r^6+e^2 r^8-j^2 K^2 r^6+2 M r^7-r^8\\&+s\left(2 a^3 e^2 M r^3-4 a^2 e j K M r^3+2 a j^2 K^2 M r^3\right.\\&\left.+6 a e^2 M r^5-6 e j K M r^5+2 e j K r^6\right)\\&+A^{2}\left(-4 a^4 e^2 M r^5-a^4 e^2 r^6+4 a^3 e j K M r^5\right.\\ &\left. -2 a^3 e j K r^6-2 a^2 e^2 M r^7+a^2 j^2 K^2 r^6\right.\\&\left.+a^2 r^8++4 a e j K M r^7-2 j^2 K^2 M r^7\right.\\&\left.-a^2 e^2 r^8-2 a e j K r^8+j^2 K^2 r^8-2 M r^9+r^{10}\right)\\&+\mathcal{O}(s)+\mathcal{O}(A^{2})+\mathcal{O}(sA^{2}). \end{aligned}$$ We see that there is a linear term of the spin $s$ but there is only a quadratic term of the acceleration $A$. Moreover, we notice that in some literature (e.g., Ref. [@Chen:2016tmr]), the metric of the accelerating Kerr black hole is different from ours as they take $A$ by $-A$. Considering the characteristics of the effective potential (\[4815\]) for the spinning particle, we know that this sign difference does not qualitatively change our conclusion. We here do not observe the degeneracy of the orbits for the particle, which was found in [@Zhang:2018eau]. This can also be roughly explained by the characteristics of the effective potential, as there is not term about $sA$. The rescaling factor $\alpha$ does not exist in the accelerating Kerr metric in early literature [@Griffiths:2005se], and it was added in recent works [@Appels:2016uha; @Appels:2017xoe; @Abbasvandi:2018vsh; @Abbasvandi:2019vfz] for constructing a consistent thermodynamics. Anyway, by expanding this dubious factor, we have $$\alpha\approx 1-a^{2}A^{2}+\mathcal{O}(A^{2}).$$ We see that it does only shift the conserved energy of the particle on the ISCO at a scale of $A^{2}$, which can be neglected. So $\alpha$ does not affect our conclusion quantitatively. We also investigated the periastron shift for the spinning particle in the equatorial nearly stable circular orbit of the accelerating Kerr black hole. We mainly found that, the periastron shift of spinning particle on the prograde orbit decreases with the particle’s spin and the periastron shift of the spinning particle on the retrograde orbit increases with particle’s spin; the periastron shift of the spinning particle increases with the acceleration of the black hole. These results are also suitable for the Kerr black hole case and Schwarzschild black hole case. Acknowledgements {#acknowledgements .unnumbered} ================ Jie Jiang is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11675015). Ming Zhang is supported by the Initial Research Foundation of Jiangxi Normal University with Grant No. 12020023. [49]{}ifxundefined \[1\][ ifx[\#1]{} ]{}ifnum \[1\][ \#1firstoftwo secondoftwo ]{}ifx \[1\][ \#1firstoftwo secondoftwo ]{}““\#1””@noop \[0\][secondoftwo]{}sanitize@url \[0\][‘\ 12‘\$12 ‘&12‘\#12‘12‘\_12‘%12]{}@startlink\[1\]@endlink\[0\]@bib@innerbibempty [**, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241103), [, ()](\doibase 10.1086/152990) @noop [“,” ]{} () @noop [, ()]{} [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.044019), [, ()](\doibase 10.1088/1361-6382/aa903b), [, ()](\doibase 10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2759-9), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.84.044030), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.044012), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.044022), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.92.084028), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.161101), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.104010), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.96.064051), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.97.084056), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.15.2724) [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.99.104059), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.104052), [, ()](\doibase 10.1088/0264-9381/22/17/008), @noop []{} (, ) [**, ()](\doibase 10.1142/S0218271806007742), [, ()](\doibase 10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134972), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.131303), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.97.124006) [, ()](\doibase 10.1140/epjc/s10052-012-1898-0), @noop [“,” ]{} () [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.084005), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.124027), [, ()](\doibase 10.1098/rspa.1951.0200) [, ()](\doibase 10.1098/rspa.1970.0020) @noop [, ()]{} @noop [, ()]{} [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.97.084023), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.83.044024), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.6.406) [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.96.104023), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.044008), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.54.3762), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.064005) [, ()](\doibase 10.1007/JHEP04(2019)096), [, ()](\doibase 10.1142/S0217732314501107), [, ()](\doibase 10.1016/j.physletb.2019.06.071), [, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.084061), [, ()](\doibase 10.1007/JHEP09(2016)082), [, ()](\doibase 10.1016/j.physletb.2018.12.051), [, ()](\doibase 10.1007/JHEP05(2017)116), [, ()](\doibase 10.1088/1361-6382/ab129f), [**, ()](\doibase 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.064027),

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.