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Young people experience considerable levels of stress due to their academic commitments. Many of them feel pressure to excel at school due to peer competition and expectations from family members and teachers. During the examination period, this can get much worse.
According to a study by the American Psychological Association (APA), teenagers report experiencing as much stress as adults. Chronic stress can last for several years through high school and college, and lead to academic disengagement and more severe mental health problems.
Signs of developing stress and anxiety issues include excessive worry, headaches and stomachaches, poor sleep quality or insomnia, negativity and pessimism, reluctance to communicate, and a loss of interest in food or activities that you previously enjoyed.
If you are a student under the pressure of studying for examinations, it is time to give yourself a break. Here are some ways to help you cope with examination stress.
Eat Well
When you are busy studying, it can be tempting to reach for a chocolate bar or sugary energy drink to keep going. However, research shows that too much sugar can negatively impact your body’s natural stress management mechanisms. In addition, sugar crashes can make you feel tired and moody.
A balanced diet is crucial for your body and mind to function well during the taxing examination period. It is recommended that you eat a high-protein breakfast, five servings of fruits and vegetables to replenish your vitamin and minerals, and a good mixture of healthy fats and fiber each day.
If you are having trouble eating well, taking dietary supplements with advice from your doctor can help you to stay in top condition. Furthermore, quality treats such as CBD gummiescan be a better alternative to candy. They also come with the extra benefits of natural stress and anxiety relief.
Get Enough Sleep
Sleep can seem like a waste of time when you are trying to study hard. However, studying for long stretches of time without rest can be counter-productive. A sleep-deprived state reduces your productivity, impedes your ability to learn, and can even harm your memory.
Furthermore, lack of sleep can lead to increased levels of the stress hormone cortisol. When your body is full of cortisol, you can find it more difficult to relax or fall asleep. If prolonged, this cycle can lead to chronic sleep disorders and stress-related mental health issues.
Therefore, you should lock sleep into your daily schedule. Aim to get at least eight hours of sleep a night and try to sleep and wake up at the same time every day so your body can regulate its internal clock. When you feel tired during the day, take a power nap to recharge your body and mind.
Take Breaks and Breathe
When your body is tense and stressed, your mind will not perform at its full capacity. A good way to relieve tension and calm your mind is to take a break and practice a breathing exercise. It only takes a minute or two of conscious breathing to reduce anxiety and regain mental clarity.
Try this abdominal breathing technique: Inhale slowly and deeply through your nose, focusing on filling your abdomen with air. Hold your breath for a few seconds, then exhale slowly through your mouth. Repeat until relaxed. You can place a hand on your stomach to feel it rise and fall as you breathe.
Being hunched over at your desk all day is bad for your body. Remind yourself to take a stretching break every hour. Stretching can reduce muscle tension, lower blood pressure, and increase your mental alertness. There are guided stretching videos available online for people of all health levels.
Stay Active
Physical activity can help to reduce stress levels and improve your mental concentration. When you exercise during the day, you also reap the benefits at night with better sleep quality. Try to do some moderate exercise such as jogging or yoga three to five times a week for 30 minutes each time.
If you do not want to ‘exercise’ per se, aim to at least take a walk outside for 15 minutes a day. Walking is a low-impact cardio exercise that will bring oxygen to your brain and keep your body healthy. It gives you time to clear your head so that you can return to your studies with a stronger focus.
Research has shown that spending time outdoors in green spaces can reduce stress and anxiety, improve mood, and give your eyes time to rest. Exposure to sunlight will also allow your body to create important vitamin D and increase your serotonin levels to ward off depression.
The examination period is an exceptionally stressful time for students. The key to preparing well for your exams is to take good care of the study machine—you. By eating well, getting adequate sleep, taking breaks, and staying active, you can keep your body and mind in top condition and ace your examinations. | https://itsmeandyou.com/how-to-beat-examination-stress |
A German composer of the 18th century, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach was born the second son of Baroque composer J.S. Bach (1685-1750). Emanuel’s influential and legendary father was, among many things, a music educator, passing the passion for music on to his sons. A Classical music scholar has said: “There is a kind of perverse obstinacy in Emanuel Bach, which his father and older brother also had in large measure and which caused all of them great trouble. In Emanuel this trait shows itself in his determination to go his own compositional way” (Downs 357). J.S. Bach had a total of four children who later became composers: Johann Christoph (1732-1795), Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714-1788), Johann Christian (1735-1782), and Wilhelm Friedemann (1710-1784). Along with brother Johann Christian, Emanuel became a well-known figure for the Classical period in music. C.P.E. Bach was educated as a child at the Thomasschule in Leipzig, then went on to study law at the University at Frankfurt on the Oder.
Centered around two locations of employment, C.P.E. Bach’s musical career developed first in Berlin at the court of Frederick the Great (King of Prussia from 1740-1786). Bach remained there for 28 years, then left to become Director of Music at the five main churches in Hamburg. He was court harpsichordist and accompanist for King Frederick. While the king played the flute, Emanuel was expected to accompany him on the continuo, an instrument that provides a foundation for the other instruments or voices. Frederick the Great was strict with regard to Bach’s musical freedoms, and the composer became unhappy with many aspects of his job. However, his wife and family were Prussian and therefore subordinate to the king, who prevented them from leaving when Emanuel was not satisfied. “In order to further his career, Bach had to choose between forsaking his family or submitting to the king’s pleasure” (Downs 21). In 1767, the composer left Prussia and went to Hamburg, succeeding his godfather Georg Philipp Telemann (1681-1767) as a church music director. It was during these years (the 1760s and 1770s) that “Emanuel Bach demonstrated most fully the two sides of his musical character: the fantastic eccentric and the conformist” (Downs 138).
C.P.E. Bach’s musical style manifests itself in both adherence to past elements and originality in compositional approach. In early works, he emphasized elegance and simplicity. In later compositions, however, Bach was drawn to an extensively expressive and expansive nature. The composer was a leader in theempfindsamer Stil, the main “singing” style associated with Classical music. An elegant style, this was characterized by an emphasis on subtleties and on the expression of numerous sentiments within one movement of a composition. Bach also stated about this style of emotional feeling that “the human voice was the model for any kind of melodic writing, which should always stress simple beauty without excessive embellishment” (Pauly 25). This lightness and simplicity are also featured in C.P.E. Bach’s keyboard works, which are the most significant genre of all his compositions.
An advocate of the empfindsamer Stil, C.P.E. Bach found the Baroque characteristics of music “dry and despicable pieces of pedantry” (Kamien 208). Therefore, his style held a lot of surprise with impulsive changes in dynamics, melody, and harmony. Within this context, Bach made use of ornamentation, the decorating and embellishing of notes, often in improvisation. Also possessing great improvisational skills in performance, “he grew so animated and possessed, that he not only played but looked like one inspired. His eyes were fixed, his under lip fell, and drops of effervescence distilled from his countenance” (Pauly 25).
Emanuel Bach wrote a great amount of keyboard music, including many sets of keyboard sonatas. The first of these were published in 1742 and called the “Prussian” Sonatas, named for the dedication to Frederick the Great. Coined the “Württemberg” Sonatas, the second set was dedicated to the Duke of Württemberg. These were published in 1744 and began to show the increase of musical contrasts inherent in Bach’s later, more creative style. Each of these two sets includes six keyboard sonatas. C.P.E. Bach began to write larger sonatas during the 1760s with the musical repetitions written out, which was very costly to print. In the “Sonatas with Varied Repeats,” Bach combined the empfindsamer Stil and galant (the representative modern) styles. He also wrote “Six Easy Keyboard Sonatas” in 1766. A seventh set of keyboard sonatas was also composed for the King’s sister, who honored Bach with the title of Honorary Court Kapellmeister upon his departure from the court of Frederick the Great. In 1799, C.P.E. Bach published the first of six collections of keyboard sonatas for “Conoisseurs and Amateurs,” but the pieces diminished into a smaller size and he intertwined other types of pieces among the sonatas as the collections advanced. This decrease of output was primarily because the public began to lose interest in the composer’s old style of writing as the keyboard sonata became more virtuosic and expanded at the hands of other composers. Bach also wrote approximately 50 keyboard concertos before 1760 and added woodwind instruments to the string orchestra.
Emanuel Bach also successfully composed in numerous other musical genres: songs, oratorios, and instrumental music (chamber music, concertos, and symphonies) as well as some sonatas for flute and harpsichord. Since compositions for the keyboard were most important to Bach’s repertoire, his favorite instrument was the clavichord. A historical type of piano, this instrument is very soft and offers much color in dynamics. However, it was gradually replaced by the fortepiano, the predecessor to our modern piano. This instrument was somewhat like the harpsichord, but offered more dynamic variety and color shades worthy of the empfindsamer Stil elegance. Bach’s last few keyboard sonatas were written for the fortepiano.
In addition to his important keyboard literature, C.P.E. Bach is most remembered for his treatise, the “Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments,” written from 1753-1762. In this essay, the composer discusses ornamentation and the musical view of the Classical period’s conventions. The treatise has become “invaluable source material for historically accurate performance of eighteenth-century music, in all its aspects” (qtd. Downs 29). Quoted from the essay is Bach’s thoughts on individual performances, “One must play from the soul, not like a trained animal” (Pauly 25).
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach had a great influence on Classical composer Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), especially through his treatise and “Prussian” keyboard sonatas. Haydn revealed: “Whoever knows me well must realize that I owe a great deal to Emanuel Bach” (qtd. Pauly 75). Bach was the most important composer to develop the sensitive empfindsamer Stil, but “like his father before him, Emanuel died still attached to a style that had fallen from favor” (Downs 361). Nevertheless, C.P.E. Bach was passionate about an elegant, emotional style: “I believe music must, first and foremost, stir the heart” (qtd. Downs 30). | https://www.fasindy.org/2020/06/29/carl-philipp-emanuel-bach/ |
Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP) was established in 1975 under PCRWR with the mandate to conduct research in drainage and reclamation of waterlogged and salt affected soils, irrigation scheduling, efficient irrigation water management, groundwater monitoring and management, desertification control, saline agriculture, soil and water quality analysis. DRIP has successfully introduced and installed tile drainage technology on 1120 hectares on waterlogged and salt affected soils with active farmer’s participation. The following are the specific objectives:
Objectives
- Drainage and reclamation of water logged and saline lands
- Irrigation scheduling and crop water requirements
- Surface and ground water resources monitoring and management
- Desertification control, rainwater harvesting and saline agriculture
- Soil and water quality analysis
- Coordination and working relationship with NGOS’s/INGO’s/public and private departments in water sector
- Documentation and dissemination of research findings to farming community/end users
|Officials||Designation||Qualification|
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Hafiz Abdul Salam
|Director (Incharge)||B.E (Civil), M.E (Hydraulics & Irrigation)|
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Engr. Nazar Gul
|Deputy Director
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Email : [email protected]
|Management of Saline-Sodic and Waterlogged Soils; Irrigation Water Management; Water-Salt-Fertilizer Balance Studies Through Lysimetric Setup|
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Mr. Ghulam Mustafa
|Assistant Director||MSc. (Agriculture)|
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Engr. Mir Sobdar Khan
|Research Officer||B.E (Electronics)|
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Engr. Muhammad Farooque
|Assistant Director||B.E (Civil), PGD.(Environmental Engineering & Management)|
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Mr. Abdul Jabbar Pathan
|Assistant Director||BSc., M.A|
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Mr. Muhammad Moosa Jaagirani
|Assistant Director||B.A, DAE (Mechanical)|
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Mr. Abdul Ghaffar
|Scientific Officer||MSc.|
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Ms. Nasreen Pathan
|Assistant Scientific Officer||M.Sc (Chem)|
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Mr. Pervez Ahmed
|Assistant Scientific Officer||Assistant Scientific Officer|
1. Tile Drainage Technology
DRIP is pioneer organization for introducing Tile Drainage Technology in Pakistan. DRIP has installed tile drainage units on 1121 hectares in Sindh with farmer’s participation. Due to the demonstration and positive outcomes of the above-mentioned units, many progressive farmers approached the institute for the drainage of their lands on a cost-sharing basis.
2. Salt Affected Soils and Their Reclamation
DRIP undertook a program of research to solve the problems of soil salinity/sodicity in the Lower Indus Basin. In this context, several research studies are carried out on salt affected soils and their reclamation. The objectives of this research program were (i) to evolve cost-effective methods of reclamation of salt-affected soils, and (ii) use of saline groundwater for crop production. The following research studies have broadly been covered under three methods of reclamation including (i) reclamation by organic/inorganic, physical, and cultural practices (ii) biological reclamation of saline-sodic soil, (iii) Irrigation practices effect on soil salinity (iv) Management of reclaimed land.
3. Groundwater Investigations and GIS Mapping
To identify the fresh groundwater pockets in Sindh, Electrical Resistivity Survey (ERS) has been used. Through this method, resistivity values are calculated to determine the geological information of substrata, groundwater quality and aquifer thickness. The groundwater quality is divided into four water quality zones: freshwater (EC<1.5 dS/m), marginal quality water (EC 1.6-2.5 dS/m), saline water (EC 2.6-4.0 dS/m) and highly saline water (EC >4 dS/m). The DRIP office has equipment called Terra Meter used for groundwater investigation. This office is providing consultancy to different public and private organizations for identification and demarcation of groundwater quality.
4. Research and Demonstration (R&D) Farm
The research activities at R&D farm (22 acres) of DRIP are focused on crop water requirement and water conservation techniques to enhance the water productivity. The farm has attractive orchards of Mango, Guava, Lemon, and Jujube. This office has conducted research on wheat, cotton, sugarcane and banana on raised beds, bed & furrow, ridges and disseminated to the farmers for broader adaptation.
5. Lysimeteric Studies
The Lysimeter is an experimental setup in which soil water relationship are studied under controlled conditions. Lysimeter name derived from a Greek word ‘Lysi’ meaning ‘Water’. There are 12 conventional type lysimeters, each measuring 3m x 3m x 5m. The farmers are applying the water to the crops without knowing the actual crop water requirement. To overcome this problem, the water requirements of the major crops namely wheat, cotton, sugarcane, rice, rapeseed-mustard, chili, sesame and sunflower have been determined through Lysimeter. The results and findings have been published and disseminated to the end users/farmers through farmer’s days.
6. Agro Meteorological Station
An agro-meteorological station was established in March 1986 at DRIP. Meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, pan-evaporation, wind velocity, wind direction, sunshine hours, precipitation, wet and dry bulb temperatures etc. are recorded and compiled on regular basis. Potential or reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are calculated on daily and hourly basis using Modified Penman equation. The data is shared with different research organizations and university students in pursuing their research work for Master or PhD degrees.
Field Research Station
The DRIP has established the Field Research Station comprising 200 acres at Khario Nara, Mithi. The station is located at Chailhar road about 12 km away in North of District Mithi. The research activities are desertification control, rainwater harvesting, saline agriculture, rangeland management, pitcher irrigation system and conjunctive use of rain and ground water. Two rainwater harvesting ponds, tube well and fish farm have been developed at Field Station, Mithi.
Rainwater Harvesting Ponds
Two rain water harvesting ponds (150ft x 150ft x 20ft) each in size have been developed in the farm. The storage capacity of each pond is 12742 m3 with 3,366,080 US gallons. Both ponds are providing with silt trap channel, animal reservoir and, water depth measuring gauge.
Solar Tubewell
The tube well installed at 76 m depth with EC 9.0 dS/m under the PSDP project Combating Drought and Desertification in the Thar Desert. The same tube well is converted into solar under another PSDP project Exploration of Exploration of Groundwater Potential and Promotion of Interventions for Rainwater Harvesting and Biosaline Agriculture in Tharparkar Desert. The water obtained from the tube well is mainly used for saline agriculture and to supply water to the fish farm. This tube well also feed approximately 5000 livestock and 2000 population from surrounding 5 villages on daily basis.
Pitcher Irrigation System
The pitcher irrigation system is installed under the shed on an area of 30 x30 ft. Soil of the area is sandy in nature as well as very poor in organic matter and other fertility ingredients. Seasonal vegetables of different kinds are being grown on experimental basis and successful results are achieved.
Saline Agriculture
Under saline agriculture, the salt tolerant crops/trees are grown through saline water at Field Station, Mith. Different fruit plants like jujube, Guava, Falsa, Jaman, Cheekoo, and lemon, and date Palm are grown at the Station
Fish Farm
With the financial assistance of The Asia Foundation (TAF) a fish pond (60ft × 40ft x 7.5ft) is constructed under the project “Piloting Climate Smart Aquaculture in Tharparkar for Local Food Security” at Field Research Station, Mithi. The aim of the project is to promote food security options in Mithi, Tharparkar through aquaculture and effective use of land and water resources to the local community. About 40 fish fingerlings of different variety like Thaila, Silver carp are stocked into the Fish farm. The farm yard manure, fish feed and dry meal is applied in the pond to feed the fish fingerlings.
Soil and Water Quality Laboratory of DRIP
The Soil and Water Quality Laboratory has been equipped with the latest instruments/equipment and qualified trained staff to carry out analysis. The water quality laboratory is equipped with water testing facility of the following important parameters:
Physical Parameters: Colour, Odour, Taste, pH, Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids (TSS).
Chemical Parameters: Alkalinity, Ammonia, Bicarbonate, Calcium, Carbonate, COD, BOD, Chloride, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)/Conductivity, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Free Chlorine, Hardness, DO, Total Chlorine, Sulphate, Sodium, and Potassium.
Trace Elements: Arsenic, Copper, Fluoride, Iron, Lead, Manganese and Zinc.
Microbiological Parameters: Coliform and E.coli.
Soil Parameters: ECe, pH, CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4, Ca+Mg, Na, K, SAR, ESP, soil textural analysis (relative percentage of sand, silt and clay particles).
Sub-Regional Water Quality Laboratories
The Water Quality Laboratories of Karachi, Hyderabad, Badin and Shaheed Benazir Abad are also equipped with the state of the art facilities and are providing service to the public and private sectors, under the administrative control of DRIP.
Documentation and Dissemination
The drainage and reclamation technologies developed by DRIP have proved highly useful, to achieve a significant increase in the yield of crops and economic returns from the farms. Documentation and dissemination of research findings/results, in the form of brochures, booklets and documentaries to the farming community/end users, through farmer field days, expert field visits, seminars, workshops etc. is a regular activity of DRIP.
Library
The Institute has a modest but a specialized library holding of about 4000 books, journals and technical reports on agriculture, irrigation, drainage, land reclamation and related fields. Domestic as well as foreign journals create an added interest. Bibliographies on land and water development are also available. The services of this library are also available to out door researchers and students.
Advisory Services
The advisory services are provided to the concerned farmers/end users/beneficiaries/stake holders regarding crop water requirement, best water management practices, reclamation of water logged and saline soils, surface and ground water quality analysis. | http://pcrwr.gov.pk/tandojam/ |
Find the weight of water required to float the pontoon in the casting dock below when the gap all around is 0.1m. The total weight the pontoon is 500 tons (1ton=8896N). Is this consistent with Archimedes principle (upthrust=weight of displaced fluid)?
The pressure on the base to support the weight is $F_b = \rho \times g \times z \times$, Using vertical equilibrium, $4.448 MN = F_b$, therefore $z = 2.83m$. My confusion lies the next part. Here is a solution from my lecturer.
I am really confused at what I am looking at , especially finding the volume of water. Is the volume of water we are after the volume of water before the block has been placed? | https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/50262/finding-the-weight-of-water-required-to-float-object |
Fedes van Rijn is senior scientist in Impact Evaluation Value Chains and Food Systems at Wageningen Economic Research.
She has a strong track record in the evaluation of agricultural research and development, private sector support and sustainability standards in tropical value chains. Her specialization is in the development, implementation and analysis of quantitative and mixed methods impact evaluations. She has extensive experience in field research and stakeholder consultation in multicultural and multi-stakeholder settings.
As a senior scientist she supervises and develops high quality impact evaluation methodologies. Fedes collaborates with multinational, multidisciplinary teams that conduct research on issues like smallholder farmer livelihoods, living wage and working conditions, inclusive value chain development and private sector development.
Pioneering Real-time Impact Monitoring and Evaluation (PRIME): The Centre for the Promotion of Imports from Developing Countries (CBI), the Foundation Netherlands Senior Experts (PUM), Wageningen Economic Research, and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) develop a joint programme to pioneer impact evaluation methods of interventions that support small and medium enterprises in developing countries. The PRIME programme is designed to develop an approach that enables the impact of PUM and CBI to be tracked while at the same time giving both organisations more insight into their interventions and the opportunity to learn about how they can manage for greater impact.
Social Sustainability in the Banana Sector in the Dominican Republic. Value Chain Analysis for Development (VCA4D) is four year project in which experts evaluate the performance of internacional value chain according to a holistic and interdisciplinary methodology looking at the pillars of sustainability. The request came from EU Delegations and partners in conjunction with DEVCO. I am responsible for the a social analysis with the VCA4D project in Dominican Republic using literature review, interviews and focus group sessions to gain insight into social sustainability in terms of working conditions, food and nutrition security, gender equality, land and water rights, social capital and livelihoods. These analyses will provide evidence-based information to help them invest in value chains and inform policy dialogue.
Sustainability in the Cocoa Chain. I am currently involved in three projects that aim to increase the sustainability in the cocoa supply chain (economic, social and environmental sustainability). One projects identifies the impact of a company’s policy to make the supply chain more transparent. The second focuses on the contribution of voluntary certification to farm household well-being. The third project evaluates an extensive pilot implemented by a large trader to establish the most effective and efficient ways to have sustainable supply chains by 2020.
Enhancing export competiveness in the avocado sector in Kenya: the evaluation of NTF-III. The rigorous impact evaluation in Kenya will follow a matched difference in difference design in a sample of avocado farm-household that were supported (directly or indirectly) in quality improvement to meet the export requirements and a comparable group of non-supported farm-households. | https://www.vcard.wur.nl/Views/Profile/View.aspx?id=12696&ln=eng |
New Zealand is a great place to live and work. The country has many opportunities for people to find a job and make new friends. With its low immigration rates, the country is perfect for people looking to move. The Visa process is very simple and takes only a few minutes.
What are the requirements for a NEW ZEALAND VISA FOR SWISS CITIZENS The New Zealand visa requirements vary depending on the country of origin? For Swiss and Iceland citizens, a valid passport is needed to apply for a visa. For other applicants, such as those from Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, or South Africa, a supporting document such as a copy of your driver’s license or identity card is also required.
If you are applying for a visa for the first time in New Zealand, it is important to have familiarized yourself with the visa requirements in your destination country.
How do I get a New Zealand visa If you’re looking to travel to New Zealand, there are a few things you’ll need in addition to a passport and some money. One of the most common requirements is a NEW ZEALAND VISA FOR ICELAND CITIZENS To get one, you’ll need to prove that you meet certain criteria, including that you’re not a national of another country and your nationality isn’t based on your place of birth or residence. In order to apply for a visa, simply fill out an application form and provide proof of your identity and nationality. After submitting your application, you’ll likely be contacted by the New Zealand Embassy or consulate in your city or town. You’ll then have the opportunity to attend an embassy or consulate hearing where evidence will be given about your safety and eligibility for the visa. If all goes well, you’ll finally receive the Visa in the mail.
What are the benefits of a New Zealand visa When traveling to New Zealand, you may be interested in using a New Zealand visa as a way to get around the country’s high visa demand? A New Zealand visa can help you meet the requirements for travel to the country and can also give you some of the benefits that come with being a citizen of New Zealand.
One of the most important benefits of holding a New Zealand visa is that you can access many government services, including health care, education, and welfare programs. In addition, it can be helpful to have one if you want to work in New Zealand.
There are several types of New Zealand visas available, so it’s important to find one that will fit your needs. The most popular type is the visitor visa, which allows you to stay for three months and has no restrictions on what kind of activities you can do.
In conclusion, the New Zealand Visa for Swiss and Iceland Citizens is a great option for those looking to visit the country. With easy visa requirements and no visa required for stays up to three months, this visa can be a great choice for people looking to explore the beautiful country. | https://timesofpaper.com/new-zealand-visa-for-swiss-and-iceland-citizens/ |
What is Iceland famous for? What has Iceland done before any other nation in the world? What did Iceland do first in the world? Read on for a list of Iceland's firsts.
Iceland is known throughout the world for its beautiful and unspoilt nature, although recently, the country has gained further fame through its musical talents, its football team, its financial crisis and its erupting volcanoes. But what about Iceland's political and natural history?
Icelanders are notorious for priding themselves for being 'the best in the world' (most often per capita) when it comes to certain feats. They're also not afraid to tell people about all the great things this tiny, but glorious, nation in the North Atlantic has already achieved.
A series of popular beer commercials in Iceland features two locals boasting their nations' feats to disinterested foreigners.
Please be aware that many of these things are said in jest and Icelanders aren't all raging ego-maniacs, although they'd like to pretend they are. And granted, some of them might not be joking at all.
The thing is, Iceland is a very small nation, perhaps with a small mentality (as Christiano Ronaldo so famously put it after the Portugal-Iceland match at EURO 2016), and because of its small size, it tends to be forgotten or dismissed by other, bigger nations.
Icelanders may, therefore, come across as always trying to 'one-up' other nationalities in conversations—but all they desire is mutual recognition.
There are a few things that Iceland has done first in the world that we'd like other nations to know about and remember. Because we're pretty proud of these things, it tends to ruffle our feathers when no-one knows anything about them.
So, without further ado, here's a list of a few things Iceland did first!
Photo from Wikimedia, Creative Commons, by AwOiSoAk KaOsIoWa
When people talk about Christopher Columbus' discovery of America, Icelanders shake their head (or their fists) in despair. You see, Christopher Columbus 'discovered' the New World in 1492.
While no less than 500 years earlier, the Icelandic explorer Leifur Eiríksson (Leif the Lucky) sailed to the Americas and engaged in trade. Don't believe me? Look it up. Iceland discovered America centuries before Columbus did, and we have the documents to prove it.
Photo from Wikimedia, Creative Commons, by Nationaal Archief
Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, born 15th of April 1930, was elected Iceland's fourth president back in 1980. She served as head of state for 16 years until Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson took over in 1996. To this date, that also makes her the longest-serving, democratically elected female head of state worldwide.
The word elected is key here. There have been other, prior female presidents in the world, obviously (such as Eva Perón and Lidia Gueiler Tejada), but they were not democratically elected into their positions.
Vigdís is now a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador and is still loved by her nation.
Not long after Vigdís became president, Iceland founded its first all-female political party in 1983. Although it's hard to pinpoint the first female political party in the world (there were a great number of them fighting for women's rights to vote), a number of sources mention Kvennalistinn as being the first to run for seats in parliament.
When running for the first time, the party achieved 5,5% of the national votes, getting three women seats in the Icelandic parliament. Four years later, the party got 10,1% of the votes and six women into parliament.
In 1991, their popularity started to decline as the number of seats reduced to five women, then just three in the 1995 elections. The party then joined with two other political parties in 1998 to form Samfylkingin (Social Democratic Alliance), which is one of the leading political parties in Iceland today.
Photo from Wikimedia, Creative Commons, by Magnus Fröderberg
Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir became the first openly declared gay or lesbian prime minister in the world in 2009. She was prime minister for five years, until 2013, and was listed as one of the most powerful women in the world during that time.
In 2009, Iceland also had its first government with an equal number of men and women in parliament, yet again establishing itself on the front-lines of gender equality worldwide.
Jóhanna was succeeded by Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson, who has also received a bit of international fame recently, but for all the wrong reasons. We miss you Jóhanna!
The great geyser known as Geysir gave all other geysers their name. Geysir was the first-ever geyser to be described in a printed source, making it the first known geyser in the world (although, of course, plenty of others had been known by groups without written language).
This natural marvel has been active for around 10,000 years. Although it rarely erupts anymore, it has a neighbouring geyser that erupts every few minutes, called Strokkur.
Both Geysir and Strokkur make up an integral part of Iceland's most popular tourist route, the Golden Circle.
Photo from Wikimedia, Creative Commons, by Helgi Halldórsson
This title sentence could be rephrased in multiple ways.
Such as, Iceland is the first nation with less than 350 thousand people to win a medal in a group sport at the Olympics or to qualify for the European Championship in football. The second smallest nation to qualify for the European Championship is Slovenia, but they boast a population of just under 2 million people.
In 2008, Iceland won a silver medal in a group sport at the Olympics, and the members of the national male handball team became instant heroes in their home country.
Iceland's male football team recently competed in the European Championship for the first time, where they made it to the round of 8. Iceland's female football team has also competed at the European Championship three times.
You can argue that the Soviet Union and Mexico allowed abortions before Iceland, as the Soviet Union made abortions legal in 1920 (on women's request) and Mexico in 1931.
The Soviet Union's law, however, didn't last (well, neither did the Soviet Union), as they changed their minds and introduced a ban on abortions later on, and Mexico only made them legal in the case of rape.
Iceland made abortions legal on January 28th, 1935. Abortions were legal in the case of rape, incest or to protect the woman's health, thus paving the way for modern abortion legalisation.
Photo from Wikimedia, Creative Commons, by OddurBen
To this date, Iceland is both the first, and ONLY country to jail its bankers after the 2008 international banking crisis. Although the world likes to think we jailed all our bankers and ended corruption forever, that, unfortunately, isn't the whole story.
However, 27 bankers served jail time in Iceland after the crash, which at the very least serves as an inspiration against corruptive financial powers in the Western World.
Photo from Wikimedia, Creative Commons, by Blomsterhagans
In 1990-1991 Iceland was the first country to recognise the independence of the Baltic States formerly occupied by the USSR. Those countries are Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. (By the way, if you haven't heard anything about the singing revolution that happened in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia prior to them regaining their independence, I encourage you to look it up!)
As a recognition, the square in front of the Estonian Foreign Ministry in the country's capital Tallinn is named 'Iceland Square'―and on the grounds of the Lithuanian parliament, these words are inscribed in the stones: "To Iceland - They dared while others remained silent".
But, the Baltic states are not the only countries Iceland was the first to recognise. Around the same time, Iceland was also first to recognise the independence of some of the Caucasus countries: Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia. Iceland also recognised Montenegro's independence from its former union with Serbia, and the independence of Croatia, before all other countries.
Furthermore, Iceland was the first Western state to recognise Palestine in 2011.
Photo from Wikimedia, Creative Commons, by Hinrik
Last but not least, Iceland was the first nation to completely get rid of McDonald's after their arrival, as the international giant closed its last local restaurant back in 2009.
McDonald's has not returned to Iceland since―but one of McDonald's last burgers sold in Iceland can be seen on display (and a live video feed) in one of Reykjavík's hostels, the Bus Hostel.
The burger is still in pristine condition, forever reminding us why we should never, ever, eat this kind of 'food'.
Iceland still wants to have a future of firsts, such as being the first nation to close the gender gap, or have the first gay president, or be the smallest nation ever to win gold at the Olympics, or the World Cup―or even the first place in the Eurovision Song Contest (that last one is probably Iceland's biggest dream!).
Perhaps Icelanders do have a small and/or naïve mentality, but as long as they keep on fighting for equality, that's fine by us. | https://guidetoiceland.is/best-of-iceland/iceland-did-it-first-in-the-world |
Owner of J.B. Hart Music Co., Jan Hart, spends his Wednesday cleaning the store and preparing to reopen to the public on Friday. Hart has been offering curbside pick up and free deliver through the duration of the stay-at-home order.
A sign on the door of Benge’s shoe store, 514 Main St., announces their reopening on May 4, with a limited number of customers allowed to enter the store, and continued enforcement of social-distancing measures.
Mesa County waiver granted, but few distinctions from state efforts
Mesa County variance granted by state
Owner of J.B. Hart Music Co., Jan Hart, spends his Wednesday cleaning the store and preparing to reopen to the public on Friday. Hart has been offering curbside pick up and free deliver through the duration of the stay-at-home order.
A sign on the door of Benge’s shoe store, 514 Main St., announces their reopening on May 4, with a limited number of customers allowed to enter the store, and continued enforcement of social-distancing measures.
Mesa County’s plan for reopening the community received state approval Wednesday but, after some revisions, the county’s efforts differ only slightly from the state safer-at-home order, and when those changes will take effect remains unclear.
Some changes that the county touted last week, such as allowing limited in-person dining at restaurants, won’t take effect yet and there is currently no date when they will. The softening of other restrictions, such as allowing in-store retail shopping to begin on Friday, mirror the efforts the state already introduced.
Personal and retail service businesses can begin opening Friday, under Colorado’s safer-at-home plan, which began Monday.
Mesa County’s plan to reopen differs slightly from the state with looming changes to guidelines for places of worship, eventually allowing for limited in-person dining at restaurants and a roadmap for gyms to open. However, none of those changes have a determined start date. Specifics and more details of Mesa County’s plan will be incorporated into a public health order expected to be approved and signed in the next few days, said Mesa County Public Health spokeswoman Amanda Mayle said.
Mesa County Commissioner Rose Pugliese announced Mesa County’s waiver approval at Wednesday’s community briefing and thanked the governor and state officials for their decision.
“We’re really excited to have businesses starting back up, but are doing this in a reasonable and responsible way,” she said. “We are going to be a model for the state on how to do safer at home and balance reopening in a phased-in process with robust testing.”
Mesa County Public Health Director Jeff Kuhr said he was pleased to get approval from the state but admitted it will be a long road ahead.
“Our lives are going to continue to be different for a while,” Kuhr said.
Kuhr added that things such as in-restaurant dining would require more front-end work by the health department.
“We don’t have a start date because we want to work with the food retail industry to figure out how this can work best for our community. This is not a mandate, we’re just giving options to people that want to participate,” Kuhr explained.
Kuhr said he’s gotten feedback from restaurants on bringing back in-person dining, with some saying that the proposed limitations (30% of building capacity) make reopening not worth it. Health officials will continue to talk to business owners, but residents are asked to to stay the course.
The same undetermined rollout applies to the county’s hopes for getting gyms open. Under the county guidelines, gyms would face strict occupancy limits and restrictions to shared areas like locker rooms.
Finally, places of worship will soon be able to open to as many as 50 people. Kuhr said the county requested for 30% capacity limits because of the size of some local churches, but agreed to the 50-person limit.
According to health officials, there is not a date set of when the reopening will occur but they expect to have “more details very soon.”
Health officials are asking customers and clients to be more cognizant than ever about where they stand, when they schedule appointments and who they interact with.
“Our numbers are low and we wanted to find balance between community health and the economy,” Kuhr explained.
After the waiver was announced Wednesday, Mesa County entities began evaluating how the exemption would impact them, with some announcing plans for reopening.
BALL COURTS
The city of Grand Junction will be reopening courts for pickleball, handball, basketball and tennis.
Grand Junction Parks and Recreation Director Ken Sherbenou said the state safer-at-home policy allows for courts to open.
“Just drop-ins are allowed (at the pickleball courts), no team sports,” he added. “We’re emphasizing to pickleball groups to not organize through clubs.”
These openings are the only change in service from the Grand Junction Parks and Recreation Department.
PERSONAL SERVICES
Personal services, such as salons, tattoo parlors, barber shops, dog groomers and other non-critical business can open Friday.
Best practices suggested for these businesses include using an appointment system, with time between appointments other customers won’t be in the waiting rooms, trying to make accommodations for high-risk individuals and implementing and maintaining a one-way entry and exit aisles. Separated workstations are expected and if fixed stations exist, clients should be separated by leaving one station in between.
These businesses will be providing services by appointment only (no walk-ins or waiting lines). Communal gathering spaces, such as locker rooms or waiting rooms, are also strictly prohibited.
RETAIL SERVICES
Retail services can open with restrictions on Friday. Each business is encouraged to implement and continue curbside service, which started this past Monday, while phasing in in-store shopping.
Kuhr said retailers are to limit customers to 50% of the facility’s fire code.
GROUP GATHERINGS
The county’s plan follows state guidelines when it comes to group gatherings.
Group gatherings of no more than 10 people are allowed.
The county says that no festivals or large gatherings will be held until at least July 1, at which time the situation will be evaluated, and large private events, like weddings, are not allowed at this time. | |
Our offices are typically open Monday – Friday. Hours do vary by the office location. Typical hours for each location are listed by location in the Locations and Direction section. To schedule an appointment, call the office you wish to be seen at, at the numbers listed below.
Fairfield: (513) 858-6500
Green Township: (513) 661-3566
Kenwood: (513) 745-9787
Mason: (513) 770-4020
Montgomery: (513) 561-5655
Oculoplastics: (513) 770-5437
Retina: (513) 829-7800
We strive to provide you with the best possible patient experience. We know how hectic life can be and are committed to making our practice convenient and accessible. Appointment availability varies by the physician, but we generally try to schedule appointments within a two week timeframe. Our experienced staff will help identify your specific needs and find the earliest available and convenient appointment for you. Every effort will be made to honor your appointment time because we firmly believe in the value of your time.
Should you need to reschedule your appointment, we would ask for 24 hours notice.
Your Appointment
We strive to make your appointments as convenient and timely as possible. To help us do this, please bring the following to your appointment:
- Your valid insurance card(s) and a photo id;
- The name and address of your Primary Care physician.
- If you wear eyeglasses, bring them and your most recent prescription if available;
- Bring along a list of current medications including dosages and how often you take them (click here to access our Medication List Form ). If easier, bring your medications and instructions with you.
- Your appointment may involve the use of drops to dilate your eyes. Once dilated, your eyes will be very sensitive to light for several hours after your appointment. Because of this we recommend that someone drive you home from your visit. If this is not feasible, we offer complimentary disposable sunglasses.
- All co-payments are due at the time of service. We expect to collect this and any other balances when you check out.
Your completed information forms (click here to go to page with all of the forms). If you are unable to complete these before coming to your appointment, please leave sufficient time before your appointment (approximately 20 minutes) to complete these in the office.
Duration of Your Appointment
Appointments vary in their length depending upon the nature of the visit. A complete examination may take 60 to 90 minutes while a follow-up appointment may require less than 15 minutes.
Please be sure to contact us if you have any questions about your appointment. | https://www.apexeye.com/patient-information/appointment-information/ |
Home > MC1 > Chapter 5 > Lesson 5.2.3 > Problem 5-68
5-68.
Remember that the mean is the average, the median is the middle number, and the mode is the most repeated number. It helps to put the data in order from least to greatest!
Here, there are no changes to any of the measures of central tendency.
Using the information from part (a), do you notice any changes in the data?
Everything changes in part (b). The mean becomes 9.2 and the median is now 10. Did you find the new mode?
Do you see any patterns in parts (a) and (b)? Do you think adding data will always change the measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode)? | https://homework.cpm.org/category/CON_FOUND/textbook/mc1/chapter/5/lesson/5.2.3/problem/5-68 |
Western Australia has more than 60 years of experience in the space industry and is in a strong position to develop this industry further.
WA hosts space infrastructure for civil and defence applications, space-related facilities and institutions and university research programs. In particular, WA has industry capabilities in the maintenance and operation of ground-based space systems and autonomous and remote operations, often in remote and harsh environments.
With more than 70 international and Australian companies operating in space and space-related services, WA also has a diverse and highly skilled space workforce.
Space industry capability in Western AustraliaShow more
A recent report concluded that WA has the following advantages and opportunities:
- WA's southern hemisphere location and longitude are ideal for space situational awareness and facilities that contribute to global coverage of space assets, including tracking of launches.
- WA provides maximum access to Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) constellations.
- These geographic advantages have been reinforced by investments in communications, computational infrastructure and access to technical expertise.
- WA is creating significant opportunities for space situational awareness, optical communications, astronomy, space operations and defence space applications.
- There are substantial capabilities in remote operations of space systems and ground stations.
- There are established training programs that could be adapted to support growth in these areas.
- WA hosts capabilities in the development and use of space-derived applications. Opportunities for competitive advantage lie in agriculture, mining, offshore oil and gas, remote operations and robotics. The greatest potential for economic growth and jobs is likely to be found in these areas.
Read the full report prepared by ACIL Allen for a Space Industry Steering Group chaired by the Chief Scientist, Professor Peter Klinken AC:
MoU with the Australian Space AgencyShow more
In July 2019, Western Australia’s Minister for Science, the Hon Dave Kelly MLA and Federal Science Minister, the Hon Karen Andrews MP signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between WA and the Australian Space Agency (ASA) for the advancement and growth of the space industry sector.
The MoU focusses on advancing ASA’s goal to triple the Australian space sector to $12 billion and create another 20,000 jobs by 2030. $6 million from ASA’s Space Infrastructure Fund and $4.5 million from the Western Australian Government has been provided to support the establishment of the following:
- Australian Space Automation, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Control Complex which will provide a world-leading multi-user, multi-sector facility for space and on-Earth remote operations. This will allow businesses and researchers to develop, test and operate robotics, automation and AI in space for satellites, space stations and on the Moon or Mars.
- Australian Space Data Analysis Facility (ASDAF) at the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre in Kensington. The ASDAF will support analysis of satellite data for areas including mining, agriculture, emergency services and maritime surveillance. These facilities will build capability in data analysis for space missions and provide businesses access to space data to open new market opportunities and help to improve productivity and innovation across WA industries.
Read the media statement, MoU Media Statement – July 2019.
Australian Remote Operations for Space and Earth (AROSE)Show more
Launched in February 2020, the Western Australian headquartered, industry-led, not-for-profit consortium will position Perth as a global centre for remote operations in space. At the same time, it will enhance the productivity and safety of existing industries–such as resources, defence, health and agriculture–through advanced remote asset management.
The Western Australian Government has provided funding to assist in establishing AROSE. Foundation Partners include Curtin University, Fugro, Nova Systems, UWA and Woodside.
Further details on AROSE, including how to be involved, can be found at www.arose.org.au.
Read the media statement, AROSE Media Statement – February 2020
Space communications technologies, services and situational awarenessShow more
Western Australia has a long history in the area of space communications technologies and services. From 1961 to 1972, ground stations in WA played key roles in NASA’s Mercury, Gemini and Apollo missions to the Moon.
Australia is already part of the US surveillance network for space debris, with capability in WA to detect and track objects in space, including space debris, and predict and avoid potential collisions. Key infrastructure includes:
- European Space Agency New Norcia Deep Space Ground Station.
- Mingenew Space Precinct located with the Mid West Radio Quiet Zone. Operators in the precinct include the
- Swedish Space Corporation
- Geosciences Australia
- Capricorn Space.
- Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory, home to the
- Square Kilometre Array (SKA)
- Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
- Murchison Widefield Array
- EDGES (Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signature).
- US-Australian Space Surveillance Telescope.
- Learmonth Solar Observatory.
- Desert Fireball Network. | https://www.wa.gov.au/organisation/department-of-jobs-tourism-science-and-innovation/space |
Food security in the caribbean
Temperate places and higher latitudes are more likely to experience a dramatic change in insect populations.
Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Cuba.
Level of need Potential for our programs to spur growth Opportunities for partnership. Most agronomists believe that agricultural production will be mostly affected by the severity and pace of climate change, not so much by gradual trends in climate.
Within-season changes may not register as extreme climate events droughts, floods or storms but rather are aspects of climate variability that affect the growth of crops and the availability of pasture for livestock, with potentially significant implications for food security and nutrition.
Extreme heat is associated with increased mortality, lower labour capacity, lower crop yields and other consequences that undermine food security and nutrition. This system is also resource conserving, environmentally sound, socially inclusive, and a model to be followed by other countries.
Drought, in particular, causes more than 80 percent of the total damage and losses in agriculture, especially for the livestock and crop production subsectors.
In the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, "low confidence" means that a particular finding has about a 2 out of 10 chance of being correct, based on expert judgement. Projections by the IPCC suggest that with climate change, high seasonal temperatures will become widespread, with the likelihood of extreme temperatures increasing through the second half of the 21st century.
This is mainly due to projected social and economic changes, rather than climate change. In rural Zimbabwe, one- to two-year olds exposed to drought face significantly lower growth velocity compared to children of the same age living in areas with average rainfall. Yet almost all agricultural programmes tend to neglect the special needs of women farmers.
Climate variability and extremes have the strongest direct impact on food availability, given the sensitivity of agriculture to climate and the primary role of the sector as a source of food and livelihoods for the rural poor.
Even more striking is that countries with high exposure have more than doubled the number of undernourished people as those without high exposure. For example, for almost 36 percent of the countries that experienced a rise in undernourishment sincethis coincided with the occurrence of severe drought.
The Castro revolution changed the situation with the interruption of trade relations between the two countries. The food surpluses in North America and Europe result mainly from subsidies and other incentives that stimulate production even in the absence of demand.
As a result, the whole production process has been consigned to government oversight, from the distribution of the land, seeds and agricultural inputs to commercialization.
Climate-related disasters create and sustain poverty, contributing to increased food insecurity and malnutrition as well as current and future vulnerability to climate extremes. Studies had also not considered the development of specific practices or technologies to aid adaptation to climate change.
The island was found to have both an acceptable ecological footprint per capita, using an exemplary amount of energy and natural resources, and an acceptable Human Development Index rating.
But ecologically disadvantaged areas and land-poor rural masses have not benefited from advances in technology and will not until governments are willing and able to redistribute land and resources, and give them the necessary support and incentives.
Additionally, ordinary citizens used balconies, backyards, and roof terraces for cultivation and raising livestock. The island was found to have both an acceptable ecological footprint per capita, using an exemplary amount of energy and natural resources, and an acceptable Human Development Index rating.
Our selection is based on: The Cuban model is not perfect and the system still has ongoing problems, but it has met significant challanges in public and environmental health, even if unintended.
This association is further corroborated by a number of studies that show a strong link between drought and stunting in children.
According to statistical data, the per capita food production annual average growth was negative, by Prolonged or recurrent climate extremes lead to diminished coping capacity, loss of livelihoods, distress migration and destitution. Climate Resilience Addressing climate variability and extremes and their impact on food security and nutrition requires a focus on resilience.
Scaled-up actions across sectors are urgently needed to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes.By Debora Iozzi, Research Associates at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs. To download a PDF version of this article, click here.
With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the tightening of the U.S. embargo, the early s saw Cuba facing a severe food crisis and a collapse of more than 30 percent of the island’s GDP. Empowering people and communities to increase food security, adapt to climate change and combat malnutrition.
In the last 20 years, the number of people who suffer from hunger in Latin America and the Caribbean has fallen from million to 37 million.
With member countries, staff from more than countries, and offices in over locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries.
The United States has pledged continued engagement on security and energy initiatives with the region through the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative and the Caribbean Energy Security Initiative. Acting Secretary of State John J. Sullivan.
USAID is advancing global food security by helping to improve the most basic of human conditions: the need that families and individuals have for a reliable source of quality food and sufficient resources to purchase it. Feed the Future is the U.S.
Government’s global hunger and food security initiative addressing the root causes of hunger and poverty. Food Security & Nutrition around the World Hunger is on the rise.
For the third year in a row, there has been a rise in world hunger. The absolute number of undernourished people, i.e. those facing chronic food deprivation, has increased to nearly million infrom around million in
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He was the superstar of the High Renaissance as an artist. He was above all a sculptor. He painted but had little regard for painting. Accomplished in architecture. Wrote poetry. Yet it is the 5000 sq. ft. of fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel that is ‘regarded as one of the major artistic accomplishments of human civilization’.
On 1 November 1512, Michelangelo stunned and changed the course of western art with the first public viewing of the ceiling. He had kept his progress on the work a secret, no one knew what to expect so the impact must have been tremendous. This is a very brief primer including the artist and attitude, a schematic, a sonnet written by Michelangelo with a cartoon, my experience, the prophets and sibyls, a Khan Academy video, mixed in are the usual multitude of images.
A sculptor’s vision in the weighty rendering of human forms, architectural elements, and biblical scenes on a flat surface in which each element seems to truly have mass, to occupy and immerge from space. A vibrant coiling expanse dense with life, color, and a narrative realism, that had never been seen before. A monumental project that he did not want to do. He was foremost a master sculptor but had been commissioned, coerced, to paint by his patron Pope Julius II. In 1508, he began a 4-year intensely arduous labor of love to glorify God. Kept from his true passion of sculpting which he had described as a process to ‘liberate’ the human forms that ‘spoke’ to him from within slabs of marble. Devoted to an overwhelming project he suspected that he had been put up to fail. The result was an indescribably magnificent masterpiece for the ages.
Khan Academy video
My Visit
Decades ago I lived in the countryside near Rome for only a year between high school and university. I still regret leaving Italy. While in high school I had been taking college classes at the local university for no credits so they were cheap and no pressure. I anxious to leave high school behind. I finished high school in December of my senior year. I was a brat wasting time refusing college for art school. But I’d made no effort to go to either one after high school. I’d long wanted to go to Italy, since I was 8, I had an older sister had gone to Rome in college and simply didn’t come back. My parents hated my time wasting and boyfriend so much that they sent me to Italy to my sister. We had no money but it was fantastic! We’d go to Rome, wander the streets into chapels or hop a city transport to places just to see and be. My sister gave me lectures as we walked, I wrote about what I’d seen and learned.
I was taken to Rome to the Vatican by an Italian boyfriend who spoke no English, I didn’t speak Italian. Fun! The Vatican is massive and my boyfriend was bored so I rushed us thru to the Sistine Chapel before we left. I was captivated, thrilled, and disappointed. The ceiling is very high and before the cleaning three colors were dim. Still it was magnificent. I laid on my back on the floor to stare at it for a while. I didn’t care about the crowd of people, they didn’t care about me. Do not lay on the floor of the Sistine Chapel. I was rushed by a policeman who being Italian was very excited. “Ma signorina! Che fai?! Non stare cosi…etc etc etc etc. And he helped me off the floor and continued to explain something to me. I was amused because excitable Italians are entertaining. Boyfriend was not amused. It was all so grand until he told me as we left…”L’odio musei” “I hate museums”. How could anyone walk out of the Vatican and say that?!
Images
Below: Detail views and bays… Images get are not in proper order in this section, I’m on an iPad and I’ve run out of steam! I’ll publish then finish.
The Artist
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Considered to be the greatest living artist during his lifetime, he has since been described as one of the greatest artists of all time. Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival and fellow Florentine Medici client, Leonardo da Vinci. ~wiki/EncBrit
The Labor
Michelangelo penned a sonnet to describe his tortured body painting the Sistine Chapel. The poem has a cartoon he drew of himself painting God.
My beard turns up to heaven; my nape falls in,
Fixed on my spine: my breast-bone visibly
Grows like a harp: a rich embroidery
Bedews my face from brush-drops thick and thin.
My loins into my paunch like levers grind:
My buttock like a crupper bears my weight;
My feet unguided wander to and fro;
In front my skin grows loose and long; behind,
By bending it becomes more taut and strait;
Crosswise I strain me like a Syrian bow:
Whence false and quaint, I know,
Must be the fruit of squinting brain and eye;
For ill can aim the gun that bends awry.
Come then, Giovanni, try
To succour my dead pictures and my fame;
Since foul I fare and painting is my shame. ~Michelangelo
Above: “God divides light from darkness” was painted in a single day. It is a self-portrait of the standing position with arms raised that Michelangelo maintained while painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
Below: schematic for the entire Sistine Chapel ceiling and more detail views.
Prophets and Sibyls
Michelangelo’s Prophets and Sibyls painted in the Sistine Chapel are commanding works of art in their own right. These figures, are the largest on the Vault of the Chapel.
Around the center of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel are twelve prophetic figures all representing the coming of Christ. Seven of these are Israeli Prophets, and the remaining five are the female Sibyls of the Classical World. The alternating male and female figures are seated on thrones and are depicted reading manuscripts, books or scrolls.
The pagan Sibyls have been included to symbolize that the Messiah was to come for all the people of the world and not just the Jews.
They are:- Jonah, Jeremiah, Persian Sibyl, Ezekiel, Erythraean Sibyl, Joel, Zechariah, Delphic Sibyl, Isaiah, Cumaean Sibyl, Daniel, Libyan Sibyl.
Source: text taken from ~http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Prophets.html
Below: images need labels
Daniel before and after cleaning: | http://toni-two.com/network-posts/2017/11/04/in-1512-sistine-chapel-ceiling-floors-the-public/ |
Question:
To transform atmospheric CO2 into organic molecules, plants can use the energy from
sun light.
atmospheric oxygen.
soil nutrients.
soil heat.
Response:
What is the source of carbon that is assimilated in photosynthesis?
Solar radiation
Atmospheric CO2
Soil water
Soil nutrients
Early spring is a tricky time for plants due to the combination of sunny but still quite cold days.
In some part of the stems, some photosynthesis may also occur.
The rate of respiration decreases with temperature.
Transpiration decreases as air becomes drier.
Leaf area increases with stand age, resulting in a decreasing rate of photosynthesis in the stand.
An increment in leaf area increases also the photosynthesis of a tree stand. However, the relationship is saturating.
In general, the more carbon dioxide that is available to the plant, the faster the rate of photosynthesis - if other factors are favourable.
The annual cycle of photosynthesis mainly follows
the changes in CO2 concentration.
the changes in air temperature.
the changes in light.
the changes in soil temperature.
Photosynthesis of a tree canopy is driven or influenced by
atmospheric CO2.
the total leaf area (LAI).
air humidity (VPD).
photosynthetically active solar radiation (PAR).
soil moisture (REW).
air temperature (T).
High soil moisture leads to decreased photosynthesis.
In boreal upland forests, low soil moisture decreases the rate of photosynthesis.
The effect of light on photosynthesis has a clear saturating pattern: more light results in more photosynthesis but eventually leaves cannot take full advantage of all the extra light.
When there is low soil moisture, plants close its stomata pores which then decreases photosynthesis.
Plants open its stomata to avoid losing too much water.
Plant closes its stomata to avoid losing too much water.
Plant respiration captures CO2.
Unlike photosynhesis, plant respiration captures atmospheric oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. | http://hiilipuu.fi/node/196/myresults/32552 |
Interview with Tribal fusion Belly dancer Rachel Briceby Salome
"Rachel first fell in love with Belly Dance after watching Hahbi'Ru at the Northern California Renassance Faire. She immediately began taking classes with Atesh, in Orange County. Soon after, Rachel discovered a video of Suhaila Salimpour's, and began to coach herself by watching Suhaila's video.
After performing for a few years, Rachel gave up dance altogether to pursue Massage Therapy and Yoga. Four years later, a move to Santa Cruz, CA, and an accidental discovery of the performing arts community led her back to Belly Dance.
With a renewed interest in dance, she decided to study full time, and relocate for the University program in Dance Ethnology at San Francisco State. The Bay area is home to Master Teachers Carolina Nericcio, Director of Fat Chance Belly Dance, and Suhaila Salimpour, which was also influential in Rachel's decision to relocate.
Currently, Rachel is finishing her Bachelor's Degree in Dance Ethnology at San Francisco State University, where she's studied Kathak (North Indian Classical Dance), Flamenco, Afro-Haitian, Dunham Technique, Modern Dance, and Choreography. She's also touring with members of the Indigo and the Belly Dance Superstars project, and teaching Yoga in San Francisco."
Salome: I would be shorting our readers if I didn't inquire after the BDSS tour, so I won't keep anyone in suspense. Is this your first touring experience and what blessings or difficulties have you encountered with the project and within the company?
Rachel: This is my first touring experience, yes. It was always a fantasy of mine to caravan around the US or Europe, but I'm just not left brained enough to get something like that going myself.
Right before I finished school (I have one class left to graduate, but am on the road too much to make that happen this year) I remember crying, terrified that I was going to have to go out into the world and try to make it happen as a dancer, and after two years of focussing on my dance education, I didn't feel prepared. How, as a Belly Dancer, could I put food on the table and continue to grow? I was a new teacher and my classes were small, and the only venues I felt I had available to me were restaurants with no changing rooms, that pay a fraction of what they paid in the 70's. I didn't want to dance for money (in fact I once swore to myself that if it ever became just a job I would quit), but had to take jobs I didn't want to do, (like house parties for people I didn't know, which was a little scary) just to pay my bills that were always behind.
So this is one of the blessings - the ability to support myself through what I love to do. What an incredible gift. Some more of them: the venues are abundant, global, sometimes gorgeous and historical (i.e. the Folies Bergere) ... we have a lighting designer, a sound designer, a manager, several publicists, agents, office staff, clothing designer and a little bus that's too small but clean, a chance to see the world, and a group of really cool dancers that are becoming like family.
One difficulty for me is that it is such a commercial venture, and we have to "sell" our show. I don't have control over a lot of the advertising, and I'm very particular about how the dance is portrayed. Some of the write-ups of our show are very "male": they focus on the skin and sensuality and miss the power, and that's difficult to take sometimes.
I think, however, my main struggle is that of growing as a dancer when there's no time to create. We're always performing, so that leaves very little time to go watch other dance forms, find new music, sneak into the underground for costuming ideas, practice yoga with new teachers, or make new dances. Since newness is one of the things I require to feel passionate about my dancing, I am afraid that I'm lacking direction sometimes. In fact, just the other night I had a dream that I was given amazing powers, and a guide to show me how to use them, but the guide was killed. I think this is indicative of my mental state.
Salome: I was surfing a discussion board yesterday and one topic going was "How tall is Rachel Brice?" How do you feel about this sudden, large scale notoriety?
Rachel: I'm not sure, I feel differently at different times. I know how it feels to be fascinated by a dancer, and to want to know as much about them as possible, as I feel that way about a few dancers myself (namely Suhaila Salimpour and Carolena Nericcio, my teachers), but I'm not used to people feeling that way about me. I guess in a way, I don't feel ready, as I'm still learning and have really just taken my favorite things about others and put them together, none of it is uniquely mine, people are just seeing it for the first time. With this much attention, I am afraid of disappointing people. Strange how that works...
Overall, I am excited that people like what I'm doing, of course! Without interest in Tribal or The Indigo, I'd be somewhere else, so of course I'm grateful, and also taken aback, and surprised by it all.
Salome: There is considerable contention between the camps, authentic versus fusion. What is your perspective on Tribal style belly dance and what harms or positives do you see it contributing?
Rachel: Tribal Style Belly Dance is so incredible on so many levels, the most important I think being community and self-acceptance. The movements themselves are based on body language that communicates strength and poise, and I think that's an amazing partner to femininity. I remember one man telling me after a show that he'd never seen sensuality paired with elegance before, and it transformed the way he saw women. Pretty cool.
I love the individuality of Fusion, but I think sometimes it strays from the original intent of Tribal Style. Overtly seductive movement with flirtatious expression seems to be creeping back in here and there, and the lack of that is one of the things that drew me to Tribal in the first place. With the thirst for new developments, I hope we always keep striving to go deeper rather than hotter.
I don't actually see the contention, even though it may be there. I have as much respect for Carolena Nericcio as any woman I've ever met, and love her dancing. My body is different, my life experience is different, my movement is different, but I love what FCBD is doing. Carolena also supports The Indigo taking "fusion" out into the world, even though it's an interpretation of what she created.
No matter how people feel about either style, I'd hope they'd acknowledge and support the women who had to deal with all the judgement about head wraps, electronic music, facial tattoos, and African jewelry, and paved the way for thousands of women to create in a different way. Viva la Tribal!
Salome: Yoga has been an avid interest of yours, how does it play a part in your dance instruction and performance?
Rachel: Yoga is as important to my dancing as drills or any other form of practice. Without flexibilty in the spine, upper back, side ribs, hips, etc. the movement wouldn't be as "snake-y". I'm constantly encouraging dancers to take more Yoga classes. One student told me her Yoga classes were helping her dancing more than her dance classes! I believe that 100 percent. It's hard to hold your chest high when you're stressed out and your upper back won't move.
Right now I'm trying to bring more of a devotional aspect to my dancing, so I'm practicing meditation more. I get stage fright so, so badly, that I have wine before performing. I'm looking forward to the day that I sit and breathe instead, and Yoga will get me there, if I keep practicing.
Salome: Looking ahead of BDSS, what are your aspirations?
Rachel: My dream is to perform and make dances for as long as it's comfortable for my body, then go back to school to get a Masters or PhD, and teach at the University level. Maybe a house... a dog...
Salome: There is something unique in your particular costuming style. Can you tell us about the elements and inspiration for your look?
Rachel: Of course, my main inspirations are FCBD, and Mardi Love (who I think is the best costumed dancer in the business... and one of the most gorgeous dancers I've ever seen), and I go to clubs and weird parties in San Francisco to find new inspiration. There's some incredibly talented costume designers in SF that I hope to be able to commission next year for BDSS shows, but in the meantime there's always Vogue and E Bay!! | http://nancj.com/star-interviews/belly-dancer-rachel.php |
I remember a concert at the Tanglewood Music Center that had both David Del Tredici’s “Happy Voices” (from Child Alice) and John Adams’s Harmonielehre on the same program! This was the summer of 1984, fresh after Paul Fromm made public his criticisms of the ’70s kind of thorny programming and caused swift changes in the directorship of the festival. The aggressive tonality of both these composers impressed me- a new decade was upon us, and the American professional composer was emerging as a powerful cultural force, like it used to be in the ’30s and ’40s. | https://newmusicusa.org/nmbx/memorable-outdoor-premieres-youve-heard-and-or-your-most-unusual-exposure-to-a-new-piece-of-music-michael-torke-composer/ |
Last week, the Under Armour All-America Camp was held at Philadelphia University and featured some the nation’s elite high school players from the classes of 2018, 2019, and 2020. The morning sessions focused on skill development, in which coaches reinforced different nuances of the game such as spacing, ball screens and shooting, and offensive sets. The afternoons and evenings consisted of full-court games.
Also participating in the camp were 21 college basketball players from some of the top D1 programs in the country. The college participants also partook in skill work during the morning sessions, and played 5-on-5 games in front NBA personnel.
Scores of college coaches, scouts, and media outlets were on hand to observe the talent. Here are a few of the high school players that stood out:
Devon Dotson, 6-2 PG, Team Charlotte/Providence Day School (NC), 2018
Dotson was without question the best player at the camp. Throughout the week, he played with tremendous poise and maturity. He routinely blew past defenders when attacking the basket, and also displayed incredible body control when finishing at the rim. When he wasn’t scoring, he masterfully found open teammates when the defense collapsed. He was an absolute terror on the defensive end, demonstrating good lateral quickness against opposing ball handlers. Dotson, who is hearing from schools in the ACC, Big Ten, SEC, and PAC 12, was easily the most college-ready guard at the camp.
Cashius McNeilly, 6-4 G, Canada Elite/Blacksburg HS (VA), 2020
After guiding the Canadian National Team to a silver medal in the FIBA Americas U16 Championship, McNeilly showed no signs of slowing down in Philly. Blessed with great size, McNeilly displayed the capability to facilitate or create shots for himself and his teammates. He also finished his strong drives to the hoop through contact. McNeilly has the athleticism and wingspan to be a disruptive force on the defensive end. He will need to spend some time in the weight room in order to prepare himself for high school ball in the States this season. When it’s all said and done, McNeilly will be coveted by some of the nation’s high major programs.
Scottie Lewis, 6-5 WG, Team Rio/ Ranney School (NJ), 2019
There may not be a more explosive two-way player in the 2019 class. Aside from his impressive aerial assaults on the rim, Lewis has always been known for his defensive prowess. While that continued, Lewis made a concerted effort to be more aggressive on offense. On opening night of the camp, he showed the ability to score on all three levels while finishing with 11 points and hitting the game winning three-pointer. Lewis has offers from a slew of schools in high major conferences.
Jaden Springer, 6-4 SG, BMAZE Elite/Rocky River High School (NC), 2020
They don’t make 14 year olds like they used to. No need to adjust your eyes or wipe your glass lenses, the previous sentence was correct. Jaden Springer is only 14 years old but doesn’t play like one. Aside from his stature, the freshman stud boasts remarkable athleticism that allows him to play above the rim. He scored the majority of his points in transition—converting several layups after absorbing contact. Jaden will be a major contributor for his team this season.
Anfernee Simons, 6-4 G, Team Breakdown/Edgewater (FL), 2018
Simons may be the most explosive scorer on the Under Armour circuit. He possesses an innate ability to find his shot in almost any situation on the court. Throughout the camp, he demonstrated the capability to manipulate his defender off of ball screens, and shoot consistently from long range. If he continues to improve his strength, Simons will be an impact player by the time he arrives at Louisville. The Cardinals are getting an absolute stud.
Moses Brown, 7-1 C, New Heights/Archbishop Molloy (NY), 2018
Regarded as the number one center in the 2018 class, Brown used his size and strength to score in the post. Brown also showed sensational agility in the open court by snagging rebounds and pushing the ball to start the break. On the defensive end, he has natural ability to change and block shots due to his formidable size. If Brown continues to hone his offensive package, his game will go to another stratosphere. It’s no coincidence that Brown has garnered the attention of every high major program in the country. | https://www.slamonline.com/college-hs/2017-ua-america-camp-top-performers/ |
Dancing On Ice: Caprice Bourret is mysteriously ABSENT from the show's spectacular Musicals special as Holly Willoughby reveals she's 'parted ways' with her professional partner Hamish Gaman
Dancing On Ice star Caprice Bourret was noticeably absent from Sunday's Musicals special, as host Holly Willoughby announced that she has 'parted ways' with her professional partner Hamish Gaman.
In a statement a spokesperson for the ITV show told MailOnline that they hope to see the American star 'back next week,' after insisting that Hamish remains 'very much part of our professional team.'
The announcement sparked a hysterical reaction from viewers who demanded to know the truth behind Caprice's absence, kicking off the show in dramatic fashion as the other ten couples took to the ice to perform to some of the world's most iconic musical hits.
What's happened? Dancing On Ice star Caprice Bourret was noticeably absent from Sunday's Musicals Special, as hosts Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby announced she has 'parted ways' with her professional partner Hamish Gaman
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At the start of the show, host Holly Willoughby also read out the same statement, and so far there has been no further information around Caprice's mysterious absence.
The revelation sparked a sea of speculation from viewers who rushed to Twitter to demand answers about Caprice's absence, with several sharing a theory that perhaps Caprice and Hamish have fallen out.
Drama: The American star (pictured performing on the show last week) was noticeably absent from the show, with a spokesperson for the show confirming that they hope to see her 'back next week'
Where is she? Caprice failed to appear in the show's opening number to the Funny Girl classic Don't Rain On My Parade, while Hamish (centre dressed in grey) did appear
What's going on? The revelation sparked a sea of speculation from viewers who rushed to Twitter to demand answers about Caprice's absence, with several sharing a theory that perhaps Caprice and Hamish have fallen out
Caprice and Hamish made their debut performance last week to Lewis Capaldi's Someone You Loved, and ended up in second place on the leaderboard with a respectable 25.5 points out of 40.
The Celebrity Big Brother star also previously said she is 'in it to win it,' telling HELLO! last month: 'I'm in it to win it. It'll be tough but I have that go-for-it attitude. Although I’ve pulled a tendon in my foot and my whole body is covered in hundreds of bruises, I have just accepted that I’m going to fall – and now I have the no-fear factor.
'I love it so much that not only do I want to win but I also want to carry on skating. I’m highly competitive, a trait my two boys seem to have inherited from me. I want to win for them...'
They were doing so well! Caprice and Hamish made their debut performance last week to Lewis Capaldi's Someone You Loved, and ended up in second place on the leaderboard with a respectable 25.5 points out of 40
But despite Caprice's absence, the show had to go on, and the 10 remaining couples took to the rink to perform to some of the greatest hits from musicals of the stage and screen.
As ever Holly cut a glamorous figure in a beautiful white gown with a sheer bustier covered with endless pearls, but added a cheeky pop of colour with a statement red lip.
First to take to the ice was Lisa George and Tom Naylor, performing to The Deadwood Stage from Calamity Jane, and it was onwards and upwards for the pair as they earned the joint highest score of the series so far with 28 points out of 40.
Christopher Dean was full of praise for the pair as he said: 'That was a cotton picking fine dance I have to say. Tonight you came out blazing, the fast steps the flow over the ice you just seemed very positive. That final lift, you just put it all together tonight.'
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Indian rock-cut architecture
Indian rock-cut architecture has more examples than any other form of rock-cut architecture in the world. Rock-cut architecture defines the practice of creating a structure by carving it out of solid natural rock. The craftsman removes rock not part of the structure until the architectural elements of the excavated interior constitute the only rock left. Indian rock-cut architecture, for the most part, is religious in nature. In India, caves have long been regarded as places of sanctity. Enlarged or entirely man-made caves hold the same sanctity as natural caves. The sanctuary in all Indian religious structures, even free standing ones, retain the same cave-like feeling of sacredness, being small and dark without natural light.
Contents
Curiously, Buddhist monks created their cave hermitages near trade routes that crossed northern India during the time of Christ. As wealthy traders became aware of the Buddhist caves, they became benefactors of expansion of the caves, the building of monolithic rock-cut temples, and of free-standing temples. Emperors and rulers also supported the devotional work and participated in the spiritual devotional services. Very likely, traders would use the hermitages for worship on their routes. As Buddhism weakened in the face of a renewed Hinduism during the eighth century C.E., the rock structure maintenance, expansion, and upgrading fell to the Hindus and Jains. Hindu holy men continued building structures out of rock, dedicating temples to Hindu gods like Shiva, until mysteriously they abandoned the temples around the twelfth century C.E. They abandoned the structures so completely that even local peoples lost knowledge of the awesome structures in their midst. Only in the nineteenth century, when British adventurers and explorers found them, did India rediscover the awesome architecture that comprises world treasures.
History
The western Deccan boasts the earliest cave temples, mostly Buddhist shrines and monasteries, dating between 100 B.C.E. and 170 C.E. Wooden structures, destroyed over time while stone endured, probably preceded as well as accompanied the caves. Throughout the history of rock-cut temples, the elements of wooden construction have been retained. Skilled craftsmen learned to mimic timber texture, grain, and structure. The earliest cave temples include the Bhaja Caves, the Karla Caves, the Bedse Caves, the Kanheri Caves and some of the Ajanta Caves. Relics found in those caves suggest an important connection between the religious and the commercial, as Buddhist missionaries often accompanied traders on the busy international trading routes through India. Some of the more sumptuous cave temples, commissioned by wealthy traders, included pillars, arches, and elaborate facades during the time maritime trade boomed between the Roman Empire and southeast Asia.
Although free standing structural temples had been built by the fifth century, the carving of rock-cut cave temples continued in parallel. Later, rock-cut cave architecture became more sophisticated, as in the Ellora Caves, culminating ultimately the monolithic Kailash Temple. After that, rock-cut architecture became almost totally structural in nature (although craftsmen continued carving cave temples until the twelfth century), made from rocks cut into bricks and built as free standing constructions. Kailash provides the last spectacular rock-cut excavated temple.
Early caves
Natural caves used by local inhabitants for a variety of purposes such as shrines and shelters constitute the earliest caves employed by humans. The early caves included overhanging rock decorated with rock-cut art and the use of natural caves during the Mesolithic period (6000 B.C.E.). Their use has continued in some areas into historic times. The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, a World Heritage Site, stand on the edge of the Deccan Plateau where deep erosion has left huge sandstone outcrops. The many caves and grottos found there contain primitive tools and decorative rock paintings that reflect the ancient tradition of human interaction with their landscape, an interaction that still continues.
Cave temples
When Buddhist missionaries arrived, they naturally gravitated to caves for use as cave temples and abodes, in accord with their religious ideas of asceticism and the monastic life. The Western Ghats topography with its flat-topped basalt hills, deep ravines, and sharp cliffs, suited well to their natural inclinations. Ajanta constitutes the earliest of the Kanheri Caves, excavated in the first and second centuries B.C.E. Buddhist monks continuously occupied them from 200 B.C.E. to 650 C.E. Buddhist practices encouraged compatibility with trade, monasteries becoming stopovers for inland traders. They provided lodging houses usually located near trade routes. As their mercantile and royal endowments grew, cave interiors became more elaborate with interior walls decorated with paintings and reliefs and intricate carvings. Craftsmen added facades to the exteriors as the interiors became designated for specific uses as monasteries (viharas) and worship halls (chaityas). Over the centuries, simple caves began to resemble three-dimensional buildings, needing formal design and requiring highly skilled artisans and craftsmen to complete. Those artisans had not forgotten their timber roots and imitated the nuances of a wooden structure and the wood grain in working with stone.
Early examples of rock cut architecture include the Buddhist and Jain cave basadi, temples, and monasteries, many with chandrashalas. The aesthetic nature of those religions inclined their followers to live in natural caves and grottoes in the hillsides, away from the cities, and those became enhanced and embellished over time. Although many temples, monasteries and stupas had been destroyed, by contrast cave temples have been extremely well preserved. Situated in out-of-the-way places, hidden from view, the caves have been less visible and therefore less vulnerable to vandalism. The durably of rock, over wood and masonry structures, has contributed to their preservation. Approximately 1200 cave temples still exist, most of them Buddhist. Monks called their residences Viharas and the cave shrines Chaityas. Buddhists used both Viharas and Caityas for congregational worship. The earliest rock-cut garbhagriha, similar to free-standing ones later, had an inner circular chamber with pillars to create a circumambulatory path (pradakshina) around the stupa and an outer rectangular hall for the congregation of the devotees.
The Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra, a World Heritage Site, constitute thirty rock-cut cave Buddhist temples carved into the sheer vertical side of a gorge near a waterfall-fed pool located in the hills of the Sahyadri mountains. Like all the locations of Buddhist caves, this one sits near main trade routes and spans six centuries beginning in the 2nd or 1st century B.C.E. A period of intense building activity at that site took place under the Vakataka king Harisena, between 460 and 478 C.E. A profuse variety of decorative sculpture, intricately carved columns and carved reliefs, including exquisitely carved cornices and pilaster, grace the structures. Skilled artisans crafted rock to imitate timbered wood (such as lintels) in construction and grain and intricate decorative carving.
The Badami Cave Temples at Badami, the early Chalukya capital, carved out in the 6th century, provide another example of cave temple architecture. Four cave temples, hewn from the sides of cliffs, include three Hindu and one Jain that contain carved architectural elements such as decorative pillars and brackets as well as finely carved sculpture and richly etched ceiling panels. Many small Buddhist cave shrines appear nearby.
Monolithic rock-cut temples
The Pallava architects started the carving of rock for the creation of a monolithic copies of structural temples. A feature of the rock-cut cave temple distribution until the time of the early Pallavas is that they did not move further south than Aragandanallur, with the solitary exception of Tiruchitrapalli on the south bank of the Kaveri River, the traditional southern boundary between north and south. Also, good granite exposures for rock-cut structures were generally not available south of the river.
Artisans and craftsmen carve a rock cut temple from a large rock, excavating and cutting it to imitate a wooden or masonry temple with wall decorations and works of art. Pancha Rathas provides an example of monolith Indian rock cut architecture dating from the late seventh century located at Mamallapuram, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ellora cave temple 16, the Kailash Temple, provides a singular example, excavated from the top down rather than by the usual practice of carving into the scarp of a hillside. Artisans crafted the Kailash Temple through a single, huge top-down excavation 100 feet deep down into the volcanic basaltic cliff rock. King Krishna I commissioned the temple in eighth century, requiring more than 100 years to complete. The Kailash Temple, known as cave 16 at Ellora Caves located at Maharastra on the Deccan Plateau, constitutes a huge monolithic temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. Thirty four caves have been built at the site, but the other thirty three caves, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain, had been carved into the side of the plateau rock. The Kailash Temple gives the effect of a free-standing temple surrounded by smaller cave shrines carved out of the same black rock. The Kailash Temple, carved with figures of gods and goddesses from the Hindu Puranas, along with mystical beings like the heavenly nymphs and musicians and figures of good fortune and fertility. Ellora Caves is also a World Heritage Site.
Free-standing temples
Rock-cut temples and free-standing temples built with cut stone had been developed at the same time. The building of free-standing structures began in fifth century, while rock cut temples continued under excavation until the twelfth century. The Shore Temple serves as an example of a free-standing structural temple, with its slender tower, built on the shore of the Bay of Bengal. Its finely carved granite rocks cut like bricks, dating from the 8th century, belongs with the Group of Monuments at the Mahabalipuram UNESCO World Heritage Site
Cave and temples examples
- Aihole has one Jaina and one Brahmanical temple.
- Badami Cave Temples
- Ellora Caves has twelve Buddhist, 17 Hindu and five Jain temples.
- Kanheri Caves
- Mahabalipuram
- Pancha Rathas
- Shore Temple—structural
- Undavalli caves
- Varaha Cave Temple at Mamallapuram
Notes
- ↑ History of Architecture, Early Civilizations. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, Glossary. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ Art and Archaeology, Prehistoric rock art. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ UNESCO, Rock shelters of Bhimbetka. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ UNESCO, Ajanta Caves. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, Classification of Indian Architecture through the Ages. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ University of California Los Angeles, Ajanta. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ Art and Archaeology, Badami (Western Chalukya). Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ K.V. Soundara Rajan, Rock-cut Temple Styles (Mumbai: Somaily Publications, 1998, ISBN 81 7039 218 7).
- ↑ Art and Archaeology, Monuments of India. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ www.lib.lfc.edu, Kailash Rock Cut Temple. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ UNESCO, Ellora. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ↑ Encyclopedia Britannica, Ellora Caves. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
References
- Dehejia, Vidya. Early Buddhist Rock Temples: A Chronological Study. London: Thames and Hudson, 1972. ISBN 0500690014.
- Educational Dimensions Group. Indian Architecture—the Cave, Rock-Cut, and Stupa Temples. Stamford, Conn: Educational Dimensions Group, 1976.
- Soundara Rajan, K.V. Rock-Cut Temple Styles: Early Pandyan Art and the Ellora Shrines. Mumbai: Somaiya Publications, 1998. ISBN 8170392187.
External links
All links retrieved March 1, 2018.
- Photos of rock-cut Bhaja cave.
- New York Times article 'Rock-cut temple of the many faced God', August 19, 1984.
- Ellora Caves UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Elephanta Caves UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- UNESCO World Heritage: Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka.
- Indian rock cut temples.
- Kailesh Rock Cut Temple.
- Kerala Temple Architecture.
- Pallava Art and Architecture.
- Cave architecture.
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My students, like some of the LT reviewers, were initially put off by the stream-of-consciousness narration that moves among characters major and minor. Obviously, this isn't a novel with a standard plot line or a lot of action. But Woolf's brilliance is in developing her characters through their internal monologues. Instead of being told how they think and feel, we experience it along with them following the same erratic process in which our own minds work. Added to this, she structures the plot not so much around events (after all, not much happens besides Clarissa preparing for and giving a party, and poor Septimus being driven to suicide) as around a series of carefully selected images, sounds, symbols, and motifs. The genius of Mrs. Dalloway is that it was a literary experiemnt in its day, one that exercises a student of literature's analytic skills; yet that takes nothing away from the experience of reading the novel, if one just gives in and gives up the usual expectations and flows along with Woolf. To me, it is a beautiful, timeless work. Its themes and its deep understanding of the human condition still resonate today.
Yes, it is an extended stream of consciousness - jumping in and out of the heads of various characters, some of which are connected by a fairly loose thread. For some this would be maddening, for me it was wonderful!
In case you are unfamiliar with its premise, the novel covers a single day on which Clarissa Dalloway is having a party. But the party is simply a structural device. What matters is what we learn of the leftovers of war, of the reflections of age, the follies of youth, of meanness of spirit and the pursuit of happiness.
i urge you to at least give it a go.
Welcome to a day in the life of Mrs. Dalloway (“I read the book today, oh boy.”) The introductionist states “With what pleasure we read the famous opening sentence…” If it starts with joy, it continues with tedium. Skipping the stylistic experiments, this just moves between different people, telling you a lot about them, but not making you care. Maybe there are beautifully lyrical passages – but they didn’t grab me. Maybe there is great use of short, repetitive sentences to drive home the point – but they just glared as unwieldy to me. Maybe this is a groundbreaking stylistic approach that broadens the mind and expands the….Nope – doesn’t work for me.
Look, it’s a nice enough story, and I could occasionally get engrossed in some of the tale. But overall, it is just too much minutia followed by “and-I-care-because-why” moments for the payoff of slight enjoyment to be worth it. (No pressure Mr. Joyce.)
One of the stars of Woolf's Mrs Dalloway is London itself, especially for me because I used to work in the Westminster district where Clarissa Dalloway set out to buy those flowers and I could so easily imagine the sights and sounds as she walked through St James' Park. The passage in the novel where Woolf flits inside the heads of her characters as they pass unknowingly by in the Park is a superb example of the stream of conscious technique. This is one of my all-time favourite sequences and it was a joy to read it again.
I have been reading H G Wells early novels and stories recently, written at the turn of the century and the difference in writing styles between them and Woolf's novel written in the 1920's is immense. Books that seem worlds apart.
Mrs Dalloway is a short novel it could almost be a novella and yet it can be a tricky read, because it is not always clear where or in whose head the story is taking place, however I think there is enough here to delight even the first time reader, not familiar with the modernist style (of which Woolf was one of the leading exponents). If ever a novel deserved five stars it is this one, I'm already looking forward to my next re-read.
If you are looking for a Summer book and have never read it before - this is the one that will leave you thinking about your own pace of life, loves lost and loves untested.
I've been meaning to read Virginia Woolf for quite a while now since I am particular to the classics. I didn't know what to expect when I picked up this
The book is told by an invisible narrator and as you read you get a glimpse into the thoughts of the characters within the story. It is a story about old regrets and old dreams. There are no chapter breaks and the book is a series of free flowing thoughts from one character to the next.
The writing is disjointed, and though it was a short book, it's not one that can be read quickly.
In Mrs Dalloway, we get a glimpse into a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, a middle-aged society woman, as she plans a party. The book takes place in June during post-World War I England.
As Clarissa prepares for her party that will take place that night, she has flashbacks and memories of her past. She remembers her love affair with a woman named Sally. Her ex-beau Peter Walsh stops in for a visit and tells Clarissa he is in love with a married woman. She finds herself sad at this confession and wonders what would have been if she had married Peter herself. Peter is actually still in love with Clarissa and has many regrets about losing her.
Another character in the story is Septimus Warren Smith, who is a severely depressed veteran and is contemplating suicide. Although Clarissa never meets him, he is a main character in the book and his depression is taking over his life. I did feel bad for Septimus and Woolf does an excellent job at getting the reader into his head, to really see what his illness makes him feel like. His thoughts are frightening and sad.
I found him the most touching character in the story, I felt bad for Septimus. I think sadly enough, Woolf may have written a manic depressive so well, since she suffered from mental illness and ultimately committed suicide herself.
The story all comes together in the end at Clarissa's party, where friends from her past and as well as her present are gathered at her home.
I have to mention, the final lines in this book are among my favorite of any book I've read.
Like I said, I really enjoyed Woolf's style of writing. I think Mrs Dalloway is a book to be read slowly and to be savored. I bought this book at a library sale for about 25cents. Don't you love when you find gems like that?
I adore good characterization, and Woolf's is lovely. She gives us a real feel for who each of these people is as she invites us to ride around inside their heads and view the world through their eyes. Over a very short period of time, we learn a great deal about each and every one of them. And we don't just see how they view themselves; Woolf also shows us how those around them perceive them. I'll tell you up front, I'm an absolute sucker for anything that invites me to consider its characters in this way. The contrast between each character's view of herself and the way others see her is one of the novel's strongest qualities.
The prose is equally good. Even though Woolf deals with the minutia of everyday life, I found the story strange and dreamlike. I think this is due, in large part, to the sudden shifts in POV. One moment, we're hard into Clarissa's perspective; the next, we're deep in Peter Walsh's mind. From him, we jump to someone else... and then to someone else again... and again... and again... Even though the story is grounded in reality, the storytelling makes it feel as though it isn't. It's nicely done.
It does, however, make the book a bit difficult to sink into, especially if you've put it down for a while. I had some troubles in that area, and occasionally found that I just couldn't go back to it. I'd read a few lines and decide I needed another break. It's for this reason, more than anything else, that I've decided to pass it along to someone else. I enjoyed it, and I think I'll likely want to read it again, but I doubt I'll return to it any time soon. And when I do, I'm sure there'll be an obliging library or book market ready and waiting to provide me with another copy.
(A slightly different version of this review originally appeared on my blog, Stella Matutina).
I read Night and Day several months ago, quite enjoyed it, and wanted to follow it with another of Woolf’s novels. I chose Mrs. Dalloway because it is the best known and most widely acclaimed. Juliet Stevenson, narrator of this Naxos Audiobook
Mrs. Dalloway is the story of a day in June 1923, as lived by Clarissa Dalloway and several other London citizens. The eponymous protagonist is a wealthy, middle-aged socialite who is planning an evening party. Running parallel to Clarissa’s story is the story of Septimus Warren Smith, a shell-shocked veteran of WWI; he is withdrawn, delusional, possibly on the brink of madness. The two stories intersect at the conclusion of the novel. Themes in Mrs. Dalloway include existentialism, madness, loneliness, and fear of death.
The entirely of the novel is written in stream of consciousness, which for me is both its strength and its atrophy. Woolf’s prose is beautiful, and I can appreciate her genius in fusing third person omniscient point of view with first person interior monologue; but I do not enjoy this style of writing. Fleeting transitions between characters make the prose difficult to follow, and there are no breaks in the writing, chapter or otherwise. The audiobook consisted of one track of over seven hours. In addition, the novel has no discernible plot; it explores its various themes through the musings and meanderings of characters’ thoughts. And, truthfully, I did not find any of the characters particularly likeable. Septimus Warren Smith promises to be at least relatable, but even he is somehow blank.
I much preferred Night and Day to this later novel; the characters were decidedly more likeable and relatable, and the plot of the novel had some structure. I can appreciate Mrs. Dalloway but will not reread. I also do not widely recommend the novel, but I do recommend it to those who read strictly to observe literary form and genre.
No, I didn't enjoy this novel,
The setting resonates too, in these strange social distancing days—not London, but the fact that the characters have just emerged, somewhat shell-shocked, from a World War and a pandemic. They've changed from their ordeal, and at the same time the world has changed out from under them. They are working hard to preserve their respective status quos, yet under the surface they’re stunned, appreciative but disoriented, slightly breathless. And there but for the grace of 100 years go we, I think.
I'm kind of surprised I haven't read it before this, but maybe that's reasonable in context:
When one was young, said Peter, one was too much excited to know people. Now that one was old, fifty-two to be precise (Sally was fifty-five, in body, she said, but her heart was like a girl's of twenty); now that one was mature then, said Peter, one could watch, one could understand, and one did not lose the power of feeling, he said.
Virginia Woolfs writing is
If for no other reason, I am impressed by the fact that Woolf captures the nature of human thought in such an accurate manner that, as a 21st century male college student, I am able to identify with the thoughts of her characters.
This is the first piece of writing by Woolf that I have read, and I will definitely remember the unique style Woolf uses to effectively make a day in which nothing really happens into one of the great pieces of literature of the 20th century.
The book overall does not manifest a structure. Virginia Woolf has told the story through the multiple point of views from the different characters. The book also explores the hidden thoughts, feelings, and actions and relies on which to tell the story. At the end the story is seamlessly woven together with the party being the meeting points of all her characters. The pleasure of reading this book stems from seeing how these characters have gone their own separate and unpredictable ways, headed off in their own directions, pinned by memory, and cross path again at the evening party. If you find reading The Hours somewhat confusing, Mrs. Dalloway is even more so, between the shifts of characters. For a tiny book Woolf has written prose that is packed with figurative language, poetic expressions, vivid details and provocative tones. The sensual affair between Clarissa and Sally is hinted at in a stifling manner. Michael Cunningham graciously makes that affair come into fruition by putting Clarissa and Sally in the same bedroom in The Hours. The book is simple in plot, but rich in language. That is, certain level of attentiveness is required for reading. I'm convinced that Michael Cunningham must have inherited Woolf's idiosyncratic language and long sentences! And I think this is what many fellow reviewers refer as the "stream-of-consciousness" approach. But don't let that the big term turn you off and miss this great novel. A crafted work.
The two central themes I found involved the web imagery that connect us all and that we really are unable to know anyone. When I read it in college I did a whole paper just on time in the novel and how the characters dealt with time/aging. There is so much in this novel. I'm sure if I read it again in 10 years I'll focus on something else. | https://www.librarycat.org/lib/FolioSeattle/item/132423854 |
Mealtime is an important part of a dog’s day, but what if your furry friend seems afraid of their food bowl? This can be a worrying and perplexing problem for pet owners. Don’t ignore it! There could be an underlying issue causing this fear or anxiety when eating.
In this article, we will look at some common reasons why dogs may fear their food bowls and offer useful advice to help pet owners manage the situation. With knowledge about the causes behind this behavior, as well as strategies which make mealtimes more comfortable for them, you can ensure that your pup gets the nutrition they need to stay healthy and happy.
Reasons Why Your Dogs Might Be Afraid of Their Food Bowls
Here are potential reasons why a dog may be afraid of their food bowl:
- Negative associations: If your dog has had a negative experience associated with their food bowl, such as a loud noise or someone taking their food away, they may develop a fear or anxiety related to the bowl.
- Medical issues: Sometimes, dogs may associate their food bowl with pain or discomfort if they are experiencing a medical issue, such as dental problems or digestive issues.
- Noise aversion: Some dogs may be afraid of their food bowl due to a noise aversion. If the sound of the bowl clanging on the floor or against other objects startles or scares your dog, they may become anxious or fearful during mealtime.
- Previous trauma or abuse: Dogs who have experienced past trauma or abuse may associate their food bowl with negative experiences, which can lead to fear and anxiety.
- Size or shape of the bowl: The size, shape, or even color of the bowl may also contribute to a dog’s fear or anxiety. Some dogs may be more comfortable with shallow, wide bowls, while others may prefer deeper, narrower ones.
- Feeding location: Some dogs may be afraid of their food bowl if it is placed in a location where they feel vulnerable or uncomfortable. For example, if the bowl is placed in a noisy, high-traffic area of the house, or near a perceived “threat” such as a loud appliance or another animal.
- Change in routine: Sometimes, dogs may develop fear or anxiety related to their food bowl if there has been a change in their feeding routine or environment. This could include moving to a new home, changing the type or brand of food, or adjusting the feeding schedule.
Identifying the Cause of the Fear
Identifying the cause of your dog’s fear of their food bowl is the first step in helping them overcome it. Here are some things you can do to determine what might be causing their anxiety:
- Observe their behavior: Watch your dog during mealtime and take note of any behaviors or signs of anxiety, such as shaking, pacing, or avoiding the bowl.
- Consider recent changes: Think about any recent changes in your dog’s environment or routine that could be contributing to their fear. Have you recently moved, changed their food, or adjusted their feeding schedule?
- Check for medical issues: If your dog is displaying unusual behavior, it’s always a good idea to rule out any underlying medical issues. Schedule a checkup with your vet to ensure your dog is healthy.
- Try different types of bowls: Experiment with different types of bowls to see if your dog reacts differently to different materials, shapes, or sizes.
- Test different locations: Try moving the bowl to different locations in your home to see if your dog is more comfortable eating in a quieter, less busy area.
- Assess feeding routine: Evaluate your feeding routine and make adjustments if necessary. For example, try breaking up meals into smaller, more frequent feedings to see if that helps.
How to Help Your Dog Overcome Their Fear of Food Bowls
Once you have identified the cause of your dog’s fear of their food bowl and implemented strategies to help them overcome it, it’s important to take steps to prevent future fear from developing. Here are some tips to help prevent future fear of the food bowl:
- Positive reinforcement: Use positive reinforcement techniques such as treats or praise to create a positive association with the food bowl. Reward your dog for approaching the bowl and eating from it.
- Consistency: Stick to a consistent feeding routine and location to help your dog feel more comfortable and secure during mealtime.
- Gradual changes: When making changes to your dog’s feeding routine, do so gradually to help them adjust without becoming fearful.
- Regular checkups: Schedule regular checkups with your vet to ensure your dog is healthy and free from any medical issues that could contribute to fear or anxiety.
- Make mealtime enjoyable: Try adding some fun and excitement to mealtime by using interactive feeding toys or puzzles. This can help make mealtime more enjoyable and less stressful for your pup.
- Use a calming aid: Consider using a calming aid such as pheromone sprays or supplements to help reduce anxiety during mealtime.
FAQs
It’s always a good idea to investigate any unusual behavior from your dog. While fear of the food bowl may not necessarily be a serious issue, it could be a sign of an underlying medical or behavioral problem.
Not necessarily. Fear and aggression are two different things. While a fearful dog may show signs of aggression if they feel threatened, a fear of the food bowl does not necessarily indicate aggression.
This could be a sign of separation anxiety or a negative association with you being present during mealtime. Try leaving the room while your dog eats to see if that helps. If the issue persists, consult with your veterinarian for further guidance.
Yes, with patience, understanding, and proper training, a dog’s fear of their food bowl can be overcome. It may take time and effort, but it’s important to work with your dog to help them feel comfortable and confident during mealtime.
Whether you’re a new dog owner or an experienced one, go check out DogLikesBest for their expert advice on dog care and behavior.
Conclusion
In conclusion, a fear of the food bowl can be a distressing experience for both dogs and their owners. However, with patience, understanding, and proper training, it’s possible to help your dog overcome this fear and create a positive association with mealtime.
Identifying the cause of the fear is the first step, and working with a veterinarian or animal behaviorist can provide additional guidance and support. Remember to always be patient with your furry friend and celebrate their progress, no matter how small. With time and effort, your dog can learn to love their food bowl and mealtime once again.
Ellis is a retired veterinary technician and full-time contributor at DogLovesBest. He likes writing about pet health care tips and reviews the products that are useful for fidos on a daily basis.
Ellis also guardians a Siberian husky, Nova, and a cat named Shilly. They all live happily with his wife Ammy, and both the dogs on a seaside apartment in Queens, NY. | https://www.doglovesbest.com/why-is-my-dog-afraid-of-his-food-bowl/ |
A word class that describes, identifies or quantifies a noun or a pronoun.
classifying adjectives (for example, ‘wooden’ (box), ‘passenger’ (vehicle).
A word class that may modify a verb (for example, ‘beautifully’ in ‘she sings beautifully’), an adjective (for example, ‘really’ in ‘he is really interesting’) or another adverb (for example, ‘very’ in ‘she walks very slowly’). In English many adverbs have an -ly ending.
A word or group of words that modifies or contributes additional, but non-essential, information about a sentence or a verb.
concession (for example, ‘although she was unwell’ in ‘she joined in although she was unwell’).
a subordinate clause (for example, ‘because he had an assignment to finish’ in ‘He didn’t go out because he had an assignment to finish’). In some schools of linguistics, such subordinate clauses are treated as dependent on, rather than embedded in, the main clause.
Relates to a sense of beauty or an appreciation of artistic expression. The selection of texts that are recognised as having aesthetic or artistic value is an important focus of the literature strand.
A recurrence of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of words in close succession (for example, ‘ripe, red raspberry’).
A brief hint or reference to a person, event, idea or work of art through a passing comment, where a composer expects a reader to have the knowledge to recognise the allusion and grasp its importance in the text (for example, ‘chocolate was her Achilles’ heel’).
A word opposite in meaning to another (for example, ‘empty’ is an antonym for ‘full’; ‘cold’ is an antonym for ‘hot’).
A punctuation mark used to indicate either possession or omission of letters and numbers.
apostrophe of possession indicates that a noun owns something (for example, ‘the student’s work’, ‘David’s phone’). Plural nouns that end with -s have an apostrophe added after the -s (for example, ‘the teachers’ staff room’).
apostrophe of contraction replaces omitted letters in a word (for example, ‘isn’t’, ‘don’t’, ‘he’s’).
When one noun group/phrase immediately follows another with the same reference, they are said to be in apposition (for example, ‘our neighbour, Mr Grasso ...’, ‘Canberra, the capital of Australia, ...’).
An act of discerning quality and value of literary texts.
Taking a text or a part of a text, like an image, character or technique, from one context and placing it in another. This may be a technique used to give new insights into the original text (for example, a film that appropriates the plot or characters of an earlier novel, or a version of a traditional text given an unconventional perspective as in fairy tales retold in a modern context).
An intended group of readers, listeners or viewers that a writer, designer, filmmaker or speaker is addressing.
A composer or originator of a work (for example, a novel, film, website, speech, essay, autobiography).
A form of a word that conveys the essential meaning. A base word is not derived from or made up of other words and has no prefixes or suffixes (for example, ‘action’, ‘activity’, ‘activate’, ‘react’ are all words built from the base word ‘act’).
Bias occurs in text where a composer presents one perspective, favouring one side in an argument or discussion, often accompanied by a refusal to consider possible merits of alternative points of view.
A process of saying the individual sounds in a word then running them together to make the word. The sounds must be said quickly so the word is clear (for example, sounding out /b/-/i/-/g/ to make ‘big’).
Movements or positions of a body, which express a person's thoughts or feelings.
An angle at which a camera is pointed at a subject. Vertical angle can be low, level or high. Horizontal angle can be oblique (side on) or frontal.
A grammatical unit that refers to a happening or state (for example, ‘the netball team won’ [happening], ‘the cartoon is an animation’ [state]).
A clause usually contains a subject and a verb group/phrase (for example, ‘the team [subject] has played [verb group/phrase] a fantastic game’), which may be accompanied by an object or other complements (elements that are closely related to the verb – for example, ‘the match’ in ‘the team lost the match’) and/or adverbials (for example, ‘on a rainy night’ in ‘the team won on a rainy night’).
A clause can be either a ‘main’ clause (also known as an ‘independent’ clause) or ‘subordinate clause’ (also known as a ‘dependent’ clause), depending on its function.
A main clause does not depend on or function within the structure of another clause.
A subordinate clause depends on or functions within the structure of another clause. It may function directly within the structure of a larger clause, or indirectly by being contained within a noun group/phrase.
I took my umbrella [because it was raining].
[When I am studying Shakespeare], my time is limited.
The man [who came to dinner] is my brother.
various devices such as connectives, ellipses and word associations (sometimes called ‘lexical cohesion’). These associations include synonyms, antonyms (for example, ‘study / laze about’, ‘ugly/beautiful’), repetition (for example, ‘work, work, work – that’s all we do!’) and collocation (for example, ‘friend’ and ‘pal’ in, ‘My friend did me a big favour last week. She’s been a real pal.’).
Words that commonly occur in close association with one another (for example, ‘blonde’ goes with ‘hair’, ‘butter’ is ‘rancid’ not ‘rotten’, ‘salt and pepper’ not ‘pepper and salt’. Collocation can also refer to word sets that create cohesion by building associations between words (for example, beach, sun, waves, sand).
A punctuation mark used to separate a general statement from one or more statements that provide additional information, explanation or illustration. Statements that follow a colon do not have to be complete sentences.
[Because I am studying for an exam], my time is limited.
[Kim is an actor], [Pat is a teacher], [and Sam is an architect].
critically reflecting on content, structure, language and images used to construct meaning in a text.
Concepts about how English print works. They include information about where to start reading and how a print travels from left to right across a page. Concepts about print are essential for beginning reading.
A word that joins other words, phrases or clauses together in logical relationships such as addition, time, cause or comparison. There are two types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions.
clarifying – for example, ‘in fact’, ‘for example’.
All letters of the alphabet that are not vowels. The 21 consonants in the alphabet are b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.
A group of two or three consonants that are all pronounced individually (for example, /b/ and /l/ in the word ‘black’; /g/and /r/ in the word ‘green’).
Groups of two or more consonants that can occur at the beginning, middle, or end of a word (for example, /sp/ in the word ‘spot’; /nt/ in the word ‘bent’).
An environment in which a text is responded to or created. Context can include general social, historical and cultural conditions in which a text is responded to and created (context of culture) or specific features of its immediate environment (context of situation). The term is also used to refer to wording surrounding an unfamiliar word, which a reader or listener uses to understand its meaning.
An accepted language practice that has developed over time and is generally used and understood (for example, use of punctuation).
Develop and/or produce spoken, written or multimodal texts in print or digital forms.
A way that particular elements are selected and used in a process of text construction for particular purposes. These elements might be linguistic (words), visual (images), audio (sounds), gestural (body language), spatial (arrangement on the page, screen or 3D), and multimodal (a combination of more than one).
A form of a language distinguished by features of vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation particular to a region or social group.
An audio, visual or multimodal text produced through digital or electronic technology, which may be interactive and include animations and/or hyperlinks. Examples of digital texts include DVDs, websites, e-literature.
vowel/consonant digraphs have one vowel and one consonant (for example, ‘er’, ‘ow’).
An electronic publication of literature using multimedia capabilities of digital technologies to create interactive and possibly non-linear texts, through combining written text, movement, visual, audio and spatial elements. E-literature may include hypertext fiction, computer art installations, kinetic poetry and collaborative writing projects, allowing readers to contribute to a work. It also includes texts where print meanings are enhanced through digital images and/or sound, as well as literature that is reconstituted from print texts (for example, online versions of The Little Prince or Alice in Wonderland).
an omission of words that repeat what has gone before. The repetition is not necessary because the meaning is understood (for example, ‘The project will be innovative. To be involved will be exciting.’ – ‘in the project’ is ellipsed in the second sentence).
where a word such as ‘one’ is substituted for a noun group/phrase, as in ‘There are lots of apples in the bowl and you can take two big ones’ (substitution).
a cohesive resource that binds text together and is commonly used in dialogue for speed of response and economy of effort (for example, [do you] ‘Want a drink?’ / ‘Thanks, I would.’ [like a drink]).
a use of three dots. This form of punctuation (also known as points of ellipsis) can be used to indicate such things as surprise or suspense in a narrative text or to indicate that there is more to come in an on-screen menu.
Knowledge of the origins and development of a form and meanings of words and how meanings and forms have changed over time.
Positive or negative language that judges the worth of something. It includes language to express feelings and opinions, to make judgments about aspects of people such as their behaviour, and to assess quality of objects such as literary works. Evaluations can be made explicit (for example, through the use of adjectives as in: ‘she’s a lovely girl’, ‘he’s an awful man’, or ‘how wonderful!’), however, they can be left implicit (for example, ‘he dropped the ball when he was tackled’, or ‘Mary put her arm round the child while she wept’).
Word groups/phrases used in a way that differ from the expected or everyday usage. They are used in a non-literal way for particular effect (for example: simile – ‘white as a sheet’; metaphor – ‘all the world’s a stage’; personification – ‘the wind grabbed at my clothes’).
A way in which elements in a still or moving image are arranged to create a specific interpretation of a whole. Strong framing creates a sense of enclosure around elements while weak framing creates a sense of openness.
How one grammatical unit relates to another is its function. For example, in the clause ‘the meeting started late’, ‘the meeting’ is the subject. This describes its relation to ta verb (and a clause). However, in the clause ‘they started the meeting late’, the same words (‘the meeting’) stand in a different relation to the verb: they are functioning as its object.
A class is a set of grammatical units that are alike in a language system, such as noun, verb, adjective and corresponding groups/phrases: noun group/phrase, verb group/phrase, adjective group/phrase.’ For example, to say that ‘the meeting’ is a noun group/phrase is to say that it is the same kind of unit as ‘a book’, ‘that car’, ‘my uncle’.
How texts are grouped depending on their social purpose (for example, to recount, to describe, to persuade, to narrate). In literary theory, the term is often used to distinguish texts on the basis of their subject matter (for example, detective fiction, romance fiction , science fiction, fantasy fiction), or their form and structure (for example poetry, novels, short stories).
A description of a language as a system. In describing a language, attention is paid to both structure (form) and meaning (function) at the level of a word, a sentence and a text.
A letter or group of letters that spell a phoneme in a word (for example, /f/ in the word ‘fog’; /ph/ in the word ‘photo’).
A knowledge of how letters in printed English relate to the sounds of the language.
The terms group and phrase are used by different schools of linguistics to refer to units intermediate between a clause and a word. In the English curriculum, group/phrase is used to recognise these different usages. For example, the units enclosed in brackets in the following sentence are examples of a group/phrase: ‘(the carnival) (had made) (the two little girls with the red shirts) (very tired)’.
In the example, ‘the carnival’ and ‘the two little girls with the red shirts’ are called noun groups/phrases because they have a noun (‘carnival’ and ‘girls’) as their major element; similarly, ‘had made’ is a verb group/phrase and ‘very tired’ an adjective group/phrase.
A production of legible, correctly formed letters by hand or with the assistance of writing tools, for example, pencil grip or assistive technology.
The most common words used in written English text. They are sometimes called ‘irregular words’ or ‘sight words’. Many common or high-frequency words in English cannot be decoded using sound–letter correspondence because they do not use regular or common letter patterns. These words need to be learnt by sight (for example, ‘come’, ‘was’, ‘were’, ‘one’, ‘they’, ‘watch’, ‘many’).
A word identical in pronunciation with another but different in meaning (for example, ‘bear’ and ‘bare’, ‘air’ and ‘heir’).
A composite text resulting from a mixing of elements from different sources or genres (for example, ‘infotainment’). Email is an example of a hybrid text, combining the immediacy of talk and the expectation of a reply with the permanence of print.
A group of (more or less) fixed words having a meaning not deducible from individual words. Idioms are typically informal expressions used by particular social groups and need to be explained as one unit (for example, ‘I am over the moon’, ‘on thin ice’, ‘a fish out of water’, ‘fed up to the back teeth’).
A use of figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that they appeal to the senses of the reader or viewer.
Associations or connections between one text and other texts. Intertextual references can be more or less explicit and self-conscious. They can take the form of direct quotation, parody, allusion or structural borrowing.
Placement of two or more ideas, characters, actions, settings, phrases, or words side by side for a particular purpose (for example, to highlight contrast or for rhetorical effect).
Features of language that support meaning (for example, sentence structure, noun group/phrase, vocabulary, punctuation, figurative language). Choices in language features and text structures together define a type of text and shape its meaning. These choices vary according to the purpose of a text, its subject matter, audience and mode or medium of production.
An arrangement of identifiable repeated or corresponding elements in a text. These include patterns of repetition or similarity (for example, a repeated use of verbs at the beginning of each step in a recipe, or a repetition of a chorus after each verse in a song). The patterns may alternate (for example, a call and response pattern of some games, or a to-and-fro of a dialogue). Other patterns may contrast (for example, opposing viewpoints in a discussion, or contrasting patterns of imagery in a poem). Language patterns of a text contribute to the distinctive nature of its overall organisation and shape its meaning.
A spatial arrangement of print and graphics on a page or screen including size of font, positioning of illustrations, inclusion of captions, labels, headings, bullet points, borders and text boxes.
A use of word associations to create links in texts. Links can be made through the use of repetition of words, synonyms, antonyms and words that are related such as by class and subclass.
To use the sense of hearing as well as a range of active behaviours to comprehend information received through gesture, body language and other sensory systems.
Spoken, print, graphic or electronic communications with a public audience. They often involve numerous people in their construction and are usually shaped by a technology used in their production. Media texts studied in English can be found in newspapers, magazines and on television, film, radio, computer software and the internet.
A resource used in the production of texts, including tools and materials used (for example, digital text and a computer, writing and a pen or a typewriter).
Vocabulary used to discuss language conventions and use (for example, language used to talk about grammatical terms such as ‘sentence’, 'clause’, 'conjunction').
A use of the name of one thing or attribute of something to represent something larger or related (for example, using a word ‘Crown’ to represent a monarch of a country; referring to a place for an event, as in ‘Chernobyl’ when referring to changed attitudes to nuclear power, or a time for an event, as in ‘9/11’ when referring to changed global relations).
A verb that expresses a degree of probability attached by a speaker or writer to a statement (for example, ‘I might come home’); or a degree of obligation (for example, ‘You must give it to me’).
modal verbs (for example, ‘permit’, ‘oblige’).
Various processes of communication – listening, speaking, reading/viewing and writing/creating. Modes are also used to refer to the semiotic (meaning making) resources associated with these communicative processes, such as sound, print, image and gesture.
A long speech or discourse given by a single character in a story, movie, play or by a performer.
The smallest meaningful or grammatical unit in a language. Morphemes are not necessarily the same as words. The word ‘cat’ has one morpheme, while the word ‘cats’ has two morphemes: ‘cat’ for the animal and ‘s’ to indicate that there is more than one. Similarly, ‘like’ has one morpheme, while ‘dislike’ has two: ‘like’ to describe appreciation and ‘dis’ to indicate the opposite. Morphemes are very useful in helping students work out how to read and spell words.
A knowledge of morphemes, morphemic processes and different forms and combinations of morphemes (for example, the word ‘unfriendly’ is formed from the stem ‘friend’, the adjective-forming suffix ‘-ly’ and the negative prefix ‘un-’).
A combination of two or more communication modes (for example, print, image and spoken text, as in film or computer presentations).
A story of events or experiences, real or imagined. In literary theory, narrative includes a story (what is narrated) and a discourse (how it is narrated).
The ways in which a narrator may be related to a story. For example, a narrator might take a role of first or third person, having full knowledge or restricted in knowledge of events, reliable or unreliable in interpretation of what happens.
A newly created word or expression. This can occur in a number of ways, for example, an existing word used in a new way (deadly') and through abbreviations (for example, 'HIV').
A process for forming nouns from verbs (for example, ‘reaction’ from ‘react’ or ‘departure’ from ‘depart’) or adjectives (for example, ‘length’ from ‘long’, ‘eagerness’ from ‘eager’). Nominalisation is also a process for forming noun groups/phrases from clauses (for example, ‘their destruction of the city’ from ‘they destroyed the city’). Nominalisation is a way of making a text more compact and is often a feature of texts that contain abstract ideas and concepts.
Behaviours, other than words, that transmit meaning (for example, body language, inflexion, eye contact, posture).
a part of a prepositional phrase (for example, ‘they arrived (on time)’).
Most nouns can be marked for plural (for example, ‘dog’–‘dogs’, ‘woman’–‘women’), and for possessive (for example, ‘dog’–‘dog’s’, ‘woman’–‘woman's’.
There are three major grammatical types of nouns: common nouns, proper nouns and pronouns.
common nouns include words such as ‘hat’, ‘phone’, ‘pollution’ that do not name a particular person, place, thing, quality and so on. They can be concrete or abstract nouns.
proper nouns include words such as ‘Australia’, ‘Mary Smith’, ‘October’, which serve as the names of particular persons, places, days/months and festivals. They usually occur without a determiner, such as ‘the’.
subordinate clauses (for example, ‘the woman who wrote it’, ‘people living near the coast’).
A language that is fact-based, measurable and observable, verifiable and unbiased. It does not include a speaker or writer’s point of view, interpretation or judgement.
Separate phonemes in a syllable can normally be broken into two parts. An onset is the initial consonant (for example, in ‘cat’ the onset is /c/); or consonant blend (for example, in ‘shop’ the onset is /sh/). Word families can be constructed using common onsets such as /t/ in ‘top’, ‘town’.
A description of an inanimate object as though it were a person or living thing (for example, ‘the last chance he had, just walked out the door’).
The smallest unit of sound in a word (for example, the word ‘is’ has two phonemes: /i/ and /s/; the word ‘ship’ has three phonemes: /sh/, /i/, /p/).
Involves forming a different word by removing a phoneme (for example, take the /t/ away from the word ‘train’ to make a new word ‘rain’).
Involves students manipulating spoken words by substituting certain phonemes for others (for example, changing the /r/ in the word ‘rat’ to /b/ to make new word ‘bat’.) Phoneme substitution can occur with middle and final phonemes (for example, changing the /a/ in ‘cat’ to /o/ to make new word ‘cot’.
An ability to hear, identify and manipulate separate, individual phonemes in words.
The term used to refer to the ability to identify the relationships between letters and sounds when reading and spelling.
A broad concept that relates to the sounds of spoken language. It includes understandings about words, rhyme, syllables and onset and rime. NOTE: the term ‘sound’ relates to a sound we make when we say a letter or word, not to a letter in print. A letter may have more than one sound, such as the letter ‘a’ in ‘was’, ‘can’ or ‘father’, and a sound can be represented by more than one letter such as the sound /k/ in ‘cat’ and ‘walk’. The word ‘ship’ had three sounds /sh/, /i/, /p/, but has four letters ‘s’, ‘h’, ‘i’, ‘p’. Teachers should use the terms ‘sound’ and ‘letter’ accurately to help students clearly distinguish between the two items.
Information about the sounds of language and letter–sound relationships when comprehending a text (for example, single sounds, blends).
A group of words often beginning with a preposition but without a subject and verb combination (for example, ‘on the river’; ‘with brown eyes’).
Particular patterns and techniques of language used in poems to create particular effects.
Refers to the viewpoint of an author, audience or characters in a text. Narrative point of view refers to the ways a narrator may be related to a story. A narrator, for example, might take a role of first or third person, omniscient or restricted in knowledge of events, reliable or unreliable in interpretation of what happens.
A possessive shows ownership, generally marked by an apostrophe followed by the suffix 's’ (for example, `woman's’, `Anne's’). The main exception is that in plural nouns ending in `-(e)s’ the possessive is marked by the apostrophe alone. With proper nouns ending in `-s’, there is variation between the regular possessive form and one marked by the apostrophe alone: compare `James's’ and `James’. The regular form is always acceptable but a variant form without the second `s’ is sometimes found (for example, `James’s house’ or `James’ house). The irregular form is often found with names of religious, classical or literary persons (for example, `Moses' life’, `Sophocles' ideas’, `Dickens' novel).
A text that is easily navigated and read by beginning readers because they contain highly regular features such as familiar subject matter, a high degree of repetition, consistent placement of text and illustrations, simple sentences, familiar vocabulary and a small number of sight words.
An informed presumption about something that might happen. Predicting at the text level can include working out what a text might contain by looking at the cover, or working out what might happen next in a narrative. Predicting at the sentence level is identifying what word is likely to come next in a sentence.
A meaningful element (morpheme) added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning (for example, ‘un’ to ‘happy’ to make ‘unhappy’).
those that do not relate to space and time (for example, ‘of’, ‘besides’, ‘except’, ‘despite’, ’He ate all the beans except the purple ones').
Prepositions usually combine with a noun group/phrase to form a prepositional phrase (for example, ‘in the office’, ‘besides these two articles’).
modifier in adjective group/phrase structure (for example, ‘on golf’ in ‘keen on golf’).
A word that takes a place of a noun (for example, I, me, he, she, herself, you, it, that, they, few, many, who, whoever, someone, everybody, and many others).
reciprocal pronouns refer to two subjects acting in the same way toward each other. There must be two or more subjects involved and they must be doing the same thing (for example, each other, one another). Example of reciprocal pronoun use: David and Max like each other.
A clear reference from a pronoun to a noun (for example, ‘Mary lost her phone’).
Humorous use of a word to bring out more than one meaning; a play on words.
To process words, symbols or actions to derive and/or construct meaning. Reading includes interpreting, critically analysing and reflecting upon the meaning of a wide range of written and visual, print and non-print texts.
A word, a phrase or a full sentence or a poetical line repeated to emphasise its significance. Repetition is a rhetorical device.
The way English print travels from left to right and then returns to the left of a page for the next and each subsequent line.
Use of language that is intended to have an effect on an audience such as evoking an emotion or persuading an audience (for example, metaphors, repetition, rhetorical questions).
A question that is asked to provoke thought rather than require an answer.
Separate phonemes in a syllable can normally be broken into two parts. The rime is a vowel and any subsequent consonants (for example, in the word ‘cat’ the rime is /at/). Word families can be constructed using common rimes such as /at/ in ‘cat’, ‘pat’.
A strategy of emphasis, highlighting what is important in a text. In images, salience is created through strategies like placement of an item in the foreground, size and contrast in tone or colour. In writing, salience can occur through placing what is important at the beginning or at the end of a sentence or paragraph or through devices such as underlining or italics.
Exposing and criticising the shortcomings or behaviour of an individual or a society in a text, using techniques such as exaggeration, humour, ridicule and irony.
When reading, moving eyes quickly down a page, seeking specific words and phrases. Scanning is also used when a reader first finds a resource to determine whether it will answer their questions.
Recognising and separating out phonemes in a word. Students may say each sound as they tap it out. Stretching (for example, mmmaaannn) is an example of segmenting. When segmenting words, there is a pause between each phoneme (for example, /m/-/a/-/n/ is an example of segmenting).
information related to meanings used when reading. Semantic information includes a reader’s own prior knowledge and the meanings embedded in a text. Readers use semantic information to assist in decoding and to derive meanings from a text.
a punctuation convention used to join clauses that could stand alone as sentences. In this way, clauses that have a close relationship with one another may be linked together in a single sentence.
In writing, a sentence is marked by punctuation, but in speech the boundaries between sentences are not always so clear.
[Jill came home this morning] [but she didn't stay long].
[Because I am reading Shakespeare], my time is limited.
A letter that is in the written form of a word but is not pronounced in the spoken form (for example, ‘t’ in the word ‘listen’ or ‘k’ in the word ‘knew’).
Has a form of a single clause (for example, ‘David walked to the shops.’ or ‘Take a seat.’).
Resources used by poets to convey and reinforce the meaning or experience of poetry through the skillful use of sound (for example, alliteration, onomatopoeia, rhythm, rhyme).
Any sound, other than speech or music, used to create an effect in a text.
The relationship of spoken sounds of English to letters of the alphabet or to letter clusters.
Convey meaning and communicate with purpose. Some students participate in speaking activities using communication systems and assistive technologies to communicate wants and needs, and to comment about the world.
A slip of the tongue where the initial sounds of a pair of words are transposed (for example, well-boiled icicle for well-oiled bicycle).
The variety of spoken and written English language in Australia used in more formal settings such as for official or public purposes, and recorded in dictionaries, style guides and grammars. While it is always dynamic and evolving, it is recognised as the ‘common language’ of Australians.
When a person or thing is judged to be the same as all others of its type. Stereotypes are usually formulaic and oversimplified.
The ways in which aspects of texts (such as words, sentences, images) are arranged and how they affect meaning. Style can distinguish the work of individual authors (for example, Jennings’s stories, Lawson’s poems), as well as the work of a particular period (for example, Elizabethan drama, nineteenth-century novels). Examples of stylistic features are narrative viewpoint, structure of stanzas, juxtaposition.
A function in the structure of a clause usually filled by a noun group/phrase (for example, ‘The dog [subject] was barking’). The normal position of the subject is before the verb group/phrase, but in most kinds of interrogatives (questions) it follows the first auxiliary verb (for example, ‘Was the dog barking?’, ‘Why was the dog barking?’).
In main clauses the subject is an obligatory element, except in imperative (command) clauses (for example, ‘Be very tactful’) and in casual style (for example, ‘Want some?’).
Most personal pronouns have a different form when they are the subject of a main clause (for example, I caught the ball. She has the answer etc.), than when they are the object (for example, Max threw the ball to me; Max told me the answer) Similarly ‘Give it to Mary and me’ is correct, not ‘Give it to Mary and I.’).
In the present tense, and the past tense with the verb ‘be’, the verb agrees with the subject in person and number (for example, ‘Her son lives with her’ ‘Her sons live with her’).
Subject matter refers to the topic or theme under consideration.
Use of language which reflects the perspective, opinions, interpretations, points of view, emotions and judgment of the writer or speaker.
Subordinating conjunctions introduce certain kinds of subordinate clauses. They include conjunctions such as ‘after’, ‘when’, ‘because’, ‘if’ and ‘that’.
A meaningful element added to the end of a word to change its meaning (for example, to show its tense : ‘-ed’ in ‘passed’). Common suffixes are ‘-ing’; ‘-ed’; ‘-ness’; ‘-less’; ‘-able’).
The process of dividing words into syllables.
A unit of sound within a word (for example, ‘bat’ has one syllable; ‘bat-ting has two syllables).
A word having nearly the same meaning as another (for example, synonyms for ‘old’ would be ‘aged’, ‘venerable’, ‘antiquated’).
The ways in which sentences are formed from words, group/phrases and clauses. In some education settings, the terms ‘syntax’ and ‘grammar’ are used interchangeably.
references to future events, as in ‘The match starts tomorrow’ where the tense is present but the time future. Likewise in ‘I thought the match started tomorrow’ where the subordinate clause ‘the match started tomorrow’ has past tense but refers to future time.
A means for communication. Their forms and conventions have developed to help us communicate effectively with a variety of audiences for a range of purposes. Texts can be written, spoken or multimodal and in print or digital/online forms. Multimodal texts combine language with other systems for communication, such as print text, visual images, sounh1rack and spoken word as in film or computer presentation media.
Strategies readers use to decode a text. These involve drawing on contextual, semantic, grammatical and phonic knowledge in systematic ways to work out what a text says. They include predicting, recognising words and working out unknown words, monitoring the reading, identifying and correcting errors, reading on and rereading.
A way in which information is organised in different types of texts (for example, chapter headings, subheadings, tables of contents, indexes and glossaries, overviews, introductory and concluding paragraphs, sequencing, topic sentences, taxonomies, cause and effect). Choices in text structures and language features together define a text type and shape its meaning.
Refers to the main idea or message of a text.
Grammatical theme indicates importance both within a clause and across a text. In a clause the theme comes in first position and indicates what the sentence is about. Theme is important at different levels of text organisation. A topic sentence serves as a theme for the points raised in a paragraph. A pattern of themes contributes to the method of development for the text as a whole.
Classifications according to the particular purposes they are designed to achieve. These purposes influence the characteristic features the texts employ. In general, in the Australian Curriculum: English, texts can be classified as belonging to one of three types: imaginative, informative or persuasive, although it is acknowledged that these distinctions are neither static nor watertight and particular texts can belong to more than one category.
Imaginative texts – their primary purpose is to entertain through their imaginative use of literary elements. They are recognised for their form, style and artistic or aesthetic value. These texts include novels, traditional tales, poetry, stories, plays, fiction for young adults and children including picture books and multimodal texts such as film.
Informative texts – their primary purpose is to provide information. They include texts that are culturally important in society and are valued for their informative content, as a store of knowledge and for their value as part of everyday life. These texts include explanations and descriptions of natural phenomena, recounts of events, instructions and directions, rules and laws and news bulletins.
Persuasive texts – their primary purpose is to put forward a point of view and persuade a reader, viewer or listener. They form a significant part of modern communication in both print and digital environments. They include advertising, debates, arguments, discussions, polemics and influential essays and articles.
A word class that describes a kind of situation such as a happening (for example, ‘climbed’ in ‘she climbed the ladder’) or a state (for example, ‘is’ in ‘a koala is an Australian mammal’).
verbs are essential to clause structure: all clauses contain a verb, except in certain types of ellipsis (for example, ‘Sue lives in Sydney, her parents, in Melbourne’, where there is ellipsis of ‘live’ in the second clause).
present participle ‘being’ and past participle ‘been’.
modal verbs express a degree of probability (for example, ‘I might come home’) or a degree of obligation (for example ‘You must give it to me’, ‘You are not permitted to smoke in here’).
Consists of a main verb, alone or preceded by one or more auxiliary or modal verbs as modifiers.
Observe with purpose, understanding and critical awareness. Some students participate in viewing activities by listening to an adult or peer describing the visual features of text, diagrams, pictures and multimedia.
Visual components of a text include placement, salience, framing, representation of action or reaction, shot size, social distance and camera angle.
Choices that contribute to the meaning of an image or the visual components of a multimodal text and are selected from a range of visual features like placement, salience, framing, representation of action or reaction, shot size, social distance and camera angle.
A speaker selects and uses particular vocal qualities including volume, tone, pitch, pace and fluency to engage and impact upon their audience.
Voice, in a grammatical sense, applies to verbs. Voice expresses the relationship of the subject to the action. Voice can be active or passive. Active voice places the subject before the verb so the subject does the action (for example, Max drew the picture). Passive voice places the receiver of the action before the verb (for example, The picture was drawn by Max).
Voice, in a literary sense, is the distinct personality of a piece of writing. The writer's voice is the individual writing style of the composer, created through the way they use and combine various writing features including syntax, punctuation, vocabulary choices, character development and dialogue (for example, a scientific explanation may be written in ‘expert voice’).
Letters of the alphabet (a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y) that represents a speech sound created by the relatively free passage of breath through the larynx and oral cavity. Letters that are not vowels are consonants.
Two successive vowels that represent a single phoneme (for example, /ai/ in the word ‘rain’; /ea/in the word ‘beach’; /ee/ in the word ‘free’).
A single distinct element of speech or writing that communicates meaning.
A spontaneous connection and production of words in response to a given word.
A literary technique based on the meanings and ambiguities of words where the words are used primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Word play is often based on homophones, puns and idioms (for example, ‘A will is a dead giveaway.’ ‘Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.’).
Plan, compose, edit and publish texts in print or digital forms. Writing usually involves activities using pencils, pens, word processors; and/or using drawings, models, photos to represent text; and/or using a scribe to record responses or produce recorded responses. | https://k10outline.scsa.wa.edu.au/home/p-10-curriculum/curriculum-browser/english/overview/glossary |
Hyperconnected simulation ecosystem supporting probabilistic design and predictive manufacturing of next generation aircraft structures.
Duration: 01/05/2022 – 31/10/2025 | Total Funding: € 5,956,880.00 €
Challenges
The aviation industry estimates that CO2 global emissions to be tripled by 2050 compared to 2015. This leads to the need of adopting a new breed of aircraft, as tube-and-wing design powered by turbofan engines will not be sufficient to reach the EU 2050 goal to reduce CO2 air emissions. The intention is therefore to re-think aerostructure and start delivering feasible and reliable disruptive aircraft concepts by proposing extensive re-design and new manufacturing technologies.
CAELESTIS is aiming at developing a hyperconnected simulation ecosystem to support the probabilistic design and predictive manufacturing of next-generation aircraft structures. The project focuses on reducing CO2 emissions, cost, risk and time for future aircraft development.
Project Objectives
The project’s objectives are to:
Develop a digital thread across the value chain linking the design, simulation, production engineering and manufacturing of next-generation airframe and engine structures
Develop model-based product and manufacturing digital twins, supporting virtual prototyping of next-generation aerostructures by linking and managing design and manufacturing uncertainties
Develop advanced high-performance computing (HPC) data analytics that supports the design and manufacturing engineering
Develop smart manufacturing strategies to identify and reduce in real-time the impact of defects across the manufacturing chain
Foster the uptake of the CAELESTIS virtual prototyping ecosystem across the EU aeronautics industry to boost innovation for future aircraft with a Multi-Actor Approach
Role in the Project
The main technical contribution of eBOS in CAELESTIS is to conduct in-depth research and development work related to cybersecurity considerations analysis and recommendations, software interoperability with CAELESTIS digital thread, and their integration with the CAELESTIS Interoperable Simulation Ecosystem.
eBOS having been certified with ISO27001 will ensure that the project complies with proper cybersecurity, as well as defence mechanisms to safeguard the security of the data, IP and end-users in the digital ecosystem. The cybersecurity analysis will be applied to industrial design and manufacturing simulation applications with a focus on the specificities of cyber-physical systems.
Consortium
Funded by the European Union under Grant Agreement no. 101056886. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. | https://ebos.com.cy/caelestis-hyperconnected-simulation-ecosystem-supporting-probabilistic-design-and-predictive-manufacturing-of-next-generation-aircraft-structures/ |
About the Compensation Schemes
The Depositor Compensation Scheme and the Investor Compensation Scheme have been established to provide a means of protection for customers of failed credit institutions and investment firms. Both Schemes are overseen by a Management Committee appointed by the Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA). The Schemes are housed within the MFSA.
The Role
The Legal Officer will be reporting to the Chairperson and/or Secretary of the Compensation Schemes Management Committee or to any other person the Chairperson/Secretary may delegate for the purpose of assigning duties and responsibilities as applicable to the Grade from time to time. The selected candidate will provide efficient and professional legal services, working in close liaison with the Schemes’ Management Committee and s/he will be expected to participate fully in the various duties that are undertaken by the Management Committee including:
- Provide legal advice to the Depositor Compensation Scheme (DCS) and the Investor Compensation Scheme (ICS) and the Schemes’ Management Committee. S/he will cooperate with the other authorities to ensure the legal quality and consistency of related EU Directives as transposed,
- Liaise with the Competent Authority, Resolution Authority, Central Bank of Malta and other local and foreign authorities (including EBA) by providing input relating to draft technical standards and guidelines and recommendations,
- Monitor EU legislation in financial services compensation related areas,
- Monitor any developments within DCSs and ICSs in other countries which may be relevant to local schemes,
- Keeping abreast of developments in the BRRD and SRM,
- Regular reviews of the DCS and ICS regulations and Handbook,
- Inform banks and investment firms on requirements and review of contributions,
- Regular monitoring of potential liabilities, pledges and contracts,
- Prepare for the requirements regarding home/host co-operation in connection with crossborder branches,
- Preparing the Annual Reports, respond to queries and participate in surveys and questionnaires,
- Provide secretarial services to the Management Committee and taking minutes of meetings,
- Representing the Compensation Schemes during legal proceedings at any court or tribunal as may be necessary from time to time and drawing up of legal documents as may be necessary,
- Representing the Compensation Schemes in meetings, including meetings related with crisis management, that are held locally and/or overseas,
- Undertake ad-hoc assignments related to financial services compensation aspects, that may arise from time to time and to report to the Management Committee on the outcome of such assignments as may be appropriate and necessary.
About You
The selected candidate will possess qualifications including:
- A University of Malta Degree or equivalent qualification in Law (LL.D) or a comparable recognised qualification in Law at NQF level 6 or better duly certified by the Malta Qualifications Recognition Information Centre (MQRIC)*.
- Warrant to practice in the Courts of Malta.
- Proficiency in the use and handling of Microsoft office or equivalent applications would be considered an asset.
- Proven work experience within the financial services sector as well as familiarity with the relevant local legal and regulatory framework, would be considered an asset. The selected candidate will possess relevant soft skills including:
- ability to multi-task and to meet strict deadlines
- well-developed written and verbal communication skills
- ability to work within a team
- ability to listen actively and to work on one’s initiative
- a high degree of self confidence
- good level of negotiation skills
*Dear Candidate, kindly note that this role is not managed by Castille. MFSA, in this case, is responsible to manage the application process. In case of any difficulties, feel free to contact [email protected], and we will direct your query to the relevant contact at MFSA. | https://www.castilleresources.com/jobs/analyst-legal-within-compensation-schemes |
2 edition of Videoconferencing technology and use for improving business effectiveness. found in the catalog.
Videoconferencing technology and use for improving business effectiveness.
M. Hedges
Published
1998
by Oxford Brookes University in Oxford
.
Written in English
Edition Notes
Thesis (M.B.A.) - Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, 1998.
|Contributions||Oxford Brookes University. Business School.|
|ID Numbers|
|Open Library||OL21105903M|
Conferencing. The most suitable types of electronic conferencing for small businesses are Web conferencing and desktop videoconferencing. You can set up or join an electronic conference by using software and a small video camera on a desktop computer, laptop or tablet computer linked to the Internet; many computers have a built-in video camera. Would you consider it smart management? Explain your answer. Esence products provide the highest-quality videoconferencing available on the market to date. Only a handful of companies, such as Cisco, HP, and Polycom, supply these products. 3. What are the ways in which videoconferencing provides value to a business?
What is your organization’s definition of acceptable video call quality? Video calls used to be confined to high-end meeting rooms and boardrooms, and in those days they got away with relying on packet loss to identify issues.. The difference today is that video environments are much larger, and poor call quality has increased as video calls happen more frequently across regular networks. “information technology,” as applied to teaching and learning. Access for all and examples of effective and ineffective attributes of information technology applications were also proposed as issues in need of further discussion, as was the true costs of using information technology on a large-scale.
For example, some organizations use videoconferencing tools to give new employees a virtual tour of workspaces and to introduce them to co-workers even before they : Arlene S. Hirsch. Telehealth, as it pertains to behavioral health services, and specifically applied behavior analysis, is comprised of contemporary technology including telecommunication (i.e., videoconferencing and phone conversations), email, and short message service (i.e., text message), among others. Overall, services provided through technology, including.
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The Effectiveness and Feasibility of Videoconferencing Technology to Provide Evidence-Based Treatment to Rural Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault.
Videoconference sessions may even be recorded, with the consent of these experts, to provide training tools for future use and compliance regulations within the industry. As a whole, videoconferencing provides an arsenal of tangible results in terms of improving business communication.
Adopt Videoconferencing to Improve Business Communication and Productivity. If we talk about technology in the business world, we can’t ignore the importance of videoconference.
Nobody can deny this fact that videoconferencing is now an integral part of the business world because it is an extensively used communication tool or a platform. technology has evolved, time and distance barriers have dissolved, allowing for access to experts worldwide.
The reality of business today demands the use of virtual communication for at least some work, and many professionals will sit on a virtual team at some point (Dewar, ). Video conferencing is a great way of acquiring and sharing knowledge beyond hurdles.
While it will not be like being physically present, the interaction is adequate. You will be able to use multimedia facilities like online interactive whiteboards, and you can use online collaboration tools. Videoconferencing Technology in K Instruction: Best Practices and Trends [Dianna L.
Newman, Dianna L. Newman, John Falco, Stan Silverman, Patricia Barbanel] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Videoconferencing Technology in K Instruction: Best Practices and TrendsCited by: 9.
Advantages of video conferencing. No time constraint: Video conferencing can be conducted at any time of the day. Time differences between countries do not matter when people use this method of communication because they do not actually need to travel to attend meetings.
Direct relevance to the topic, i.e. those addressing technology use in schools, teacher use of technology, student use of technology. Literature published predominantly from 3.
Studies conducted within the United States. Studies addressing K schools. Size: KB. Definitely. Nothing can replace a face-to-face business meeting as a video conference, organized on the basis of high-quality equipment.
Less words, more action. Let us take a more detailed look and analyze all the benefits of videoconferencing in business and education. Yes. Perhaps today we’ll talk about it also. Set the course to the.
Videoconferencing, refers to the transmission of pictures and imagery (via video) and sounds (via audio) between two or more physically separate locations.
Once the sole province of the corporate boardroom, videoconferencing is used today in telemedicine, distance education, theatrical productions. productivity and effectiveness correlate to the medium in which the meeting is conducted. This information will help to ensure that companies use the form of communication that maximizes performance, productivity and overall effectiveness.
Businesses are utilizing dispersed teams even more today in the marketplace than ever before. Enhancing business opportunities. The primary goal of venturing into the business world is to dominate the market and expand your operations.
Video conferencing is one of the ways in which a business can build its competitive advantage since the technology provides meetings that are more efficient and allows for wider participation. Many business managers use technology to hold meetings via videoconferencing tools, employees use technology at work to complete tasks on time, technology is used to speed up the flow of information with in an organization and this helps in the process of decision making among employees and business managers.
Some businesses or organizations. Why Use Video Conferencing. Videoconferencing can speed up business processes and procedures in the same way that e-mail has revolutionised the way we share information. The most common reason for implementing video conferencing is to save travel costs.
However other benefits are often more Size: KB. Improving the Effectiveness of Virtual Teams: A Comparison of Video-Conferencing and Face-to-Face Communication in China April IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 52(1):1 - Videotelephony comprises the technologies for the reception and transmission of audio-video signals by users at different locations, for communication between people in real time.
A videophone is a telephone with a video display, capable of simultaneous video and audio for communication between people in real time. Videoconferencing implies the use of this technology for a group or. To make your video conferencing meetings more productive and rewarding for everyone, review the general video conferencing best practices and learn how to improve the experience whether you are an onsite participant or a remote participant.
Video conferencing best practices Follow these tips to ensure a more successful video conferencing meeting. Videoconferencing at many businesses today comes as affordable Web and videoconferencing software for Internet meetings.
Some businesses still use old-style videoconferencing, but the Web is taking over the videoconferencing world. The following companies offer products that make Web or videoconferencing simple to use: IVCi When you’re scheduled for a.
nism for improving clinical decision making. these are systems that are designed to gather patients’ views about how treatment is going, feedback that providers can use to improve treatment and, hopefully, improve outcomes.
Audience for This Book this book is largely for mental health practitioners who already use technology for. How to write videoconferencing technology RFPs, choose videoconferencing technology partners, and implement videoconferencing technology; Page 2: How to eliminate the dreaded, confusing, disorganized audio conference from your organization forever Page 3: Hardware codecs vs.
software codecs—what you need to know about these two kinds of systems and how to tell which is right for your. As the case with ADCs, the effectiveness of the technology depends on personnel use; also some technical issues, for example, non-readable torn or missed barcodes, malfunctioning scanners, or failing batteries hinder its appropriate use and delay drug administration (Yang et al., ).Author: Samar F.
Farid.As private sector organizations increasingly downsize, outsource, and insource, technology has played an ever greater part in the process. One of the issues that facility managers face is the integration of facilities management technology with other organizational systems, such as human resource.Office of Instructional Technology Videoconferencing.
Videoconferencing is a way to conduct a live event between two locations in real time. In Great Neck we use IP-based videoconferencing, which means that we transmit the audio and video for the videoconference over our network and through the Internet. | https://dysuryguvy.dirkbraeckmanvenice2017.com/videoconferencing-technology-and-use-for-improving-business-effectiveness-book-35892gb.php |
Allows enhancing or inhibiting broad brain regions using noninvasive brain stimulation.
High-density recording of electrical brain activity during MRI scans.
Recording of physiological responses such as respiration, heart rate, galvanic skin response.
Records human movements with high resolution in 3D (largest non-commercial system in Canada).
Precise localization of participants’ gaze and eye movements.
Measures and graphs articulatory movements.
Recording of electroencephalography (EEG) data reduced sound interference.
High-density recording of electrical brain activity.
Recording of electroencephalography (EEG) data without electric or acoustic interference.
Non-invasive brain stimulation in human participants.
Stimulates the brain with magnetic pulses.
Optical position system that allows real-time visualization of stimulation site.
Recording of electrical brain activity during TMS stimulation.
Examination of the ear canal and middle ear.
Measures tympanum and middle ear function.
Measures inner ear function through otoacoustic emissions (transient and distortion product emissions).
Centre members have access to two research-dedicated MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanners (1.5 and 3.0T) at the Montreal Neurological Institute.
For more info please check the brain imaging centre site.
Centre members have access to a PET (positron emission tomography) scanner at the Montreal Neurological Institute.
Centre members have access to an MEG (magnetoencephalography) system at the Montreal Neurological Institute. | http://crblm.ca/fr/ressources/infrastructure/experimental-systems/ |
Protective equipment should hence always be used when handling it. Reacting the ammonia produced in the thermal decomposition of coal with waste sulfuric acid allows the ammonia to be crystallized out as a salt (often brown because of iron contamination) and sold into the agro-chemicals industry. Because the hydration of sulfuric acid is thermodynamically favorable and the affinity of it for water is sufficiently strong, sulfuric acid is an excellent dehydrating agent. It is an alternative to electrolysis, and does not require hydrocarbons like current methods of steam reforming. It reacts with sodium chloride, and gives hydrogen chloride gas and sodium bisulfate: Benzene undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution with sulfuric acid to give the corresponding sulfonic acids:. United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "BASF Chemical Emergency Medical Guidelines – Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)", Consortium of Local Education Authorities for the Provision of Science Equipment -STUDENT SAFETY SHEETS 22 Sulfuric(VI) acid, "Ionization Constants of Inorganic Acids", sulfuric acid on sugar cubes chemistry experiment 8. In the first step, sulfur is burned to produce sulfur dioxide: or, alternatively, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas is incinerated to SO2 gas: The sulfur dioxide then oxidized to sulfur trioxide using oxygen with vanadium(V) oxide as catalyst. The reaction with copper(II) sulfate can also demonstrate the dehydration property of sulfuric acid. For example, the blue copper salt copper(II) sulfate, commonly used for electroplating and as a fungicide, is prepared by the reaction of copper(II) oxide with sulfuric acid: Sulfuric acid can also be used to displace weaker acids from their salts. Dilute sulfuric acid is a constituent of acid rain, which is formed by atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the presence of water – i.e., oxidation of sulfurous acid. Also, because the acid is denser than water, it sinks to the bottom. This is treated with 93% sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and phosphoric acid. When combined with nitric acid, sulfuric acid acts both as an acid and a dehydrating agent, forming the nitronium ion NO+2, which is important in nitration reactions involving electrophilic aromatic substitution. Pyrite (iron disulfide, FeS2) was heated in air to yield iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4, which was oxidized by further heating in air to form iron(III) sulfate, Fe2(SO4)3, which, when heated to 480 °C, decomposed to iron(III) oxide and sulfur trioxide, which could be passed through water to yield sulfuric acid in any concentration. Karpenko, Vladimir and Norris, John A. For the ion, see, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Reaction with water and dehydrating property, Hermann Müller "Sulfuric Acid and Sulfur Trioxide" in. However, the manufacture of some dyes and other chemical processes require a more concentrated product. Name: Selenic Acid. But note that all of the available energy in the hydrogen so produced is supplied by the heat used to make it. It is also used for making aluminium hydroxide, which is used at water treatment plants to filter out impurities, as well as to improve the taste of the water. Therefore, the reaction will become more violent as dilution proceeds, unless the mixture is given time to cool. In common with other corrosive acids and alkali, it readily decomposes proteins and lipids through amide and ester hydrolysis upon contact with living tissues, such as skin and flesh.
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“Happy New Year”, Readers! It is exciting to be starting a New Year with you, and continuing our conversation about the “Creative Spirit”. I wish each of you a New Year, filled with: love, joy, peace, and creativity.
I have written frequently in the past about the unique qualities in each of us as individuals. What works for one, does not always work for another. This is true of style, technique, and choice of subject matter. It is also true of our viewers. Each viewer is going to see our work a little differently. People do have preferences!
I am routinely asked why I do both realism and abstraction; which one I like better, and why I don’t choose to do one over the other. No, it is not to appeal to a larger audience. It is just that for me, one inspires the other.
After my last blog, a reader asked if I could write more about abstract art and how I get there, from my realistic landscape painting. I will be doing a, “Talk Art”, on that very subject on Saturday January 13th, at 1:00 pm, at the HUB on Canal Street, in New Smyrna Beach. If you are interested, please join us there.
Ice Flow Mixed Media
Ice Field Parkway Pastel
First: I feel that everyone should know something about drawing. I think realism is an important skill, and if you can bring a little something more to the scene than you can see in a photograph, you are achieving something important. Our goal as realistic artists should be to capture the essence of a subject, and show the viewer why it is important to us. Our reference is our road map to a specific place. I like to draw! I also find peace in the landscape and nature. So, when I see something that moves me, I like to record it realistically and hope I capture the feeling I had when I was there.
“The thing is to describe the object we have gotten to know, with depth of penetration achieved through feeling.” Andrew Wyeth
Second: Abstract art is exciting! You do not really know where you will wind up. You play with shapes, lines, colors, and textures, in order to evoke a feeling or relate a message; and there are so many ways to get there. As an abstract or nonobjective artist, we have left our road map behind, and are taking a lot of back roads. We are looking at the world in a new and different way. It is an adventure!
“I borrow some subject or other from life or from nature, and using it as a pretext, I arrange lines and colors so as to obtain symphonies, harmonies that do not represent a thing that is real” Paul Gauguin
When we paint realistically we edit the reference to make a strong composition. When we paint abstractly or non-objectively, we are dealing more with the “gut” feeling of a subject, whether it is a thing or a concept. The subject is not always recognizable, so the composition becomes a puzzle to solve. We must keep moving the pieces, changing the color and lines, or maybe add texture, to make a strong composition.
Nature and man’s interaction with it, is what motivates all my art. So, for me I can easily jump from one to the other. My love of drawing and trying to bring something unique to it to the story I tell about nature, helps me look more closely at what is there. In the line, shapes, textures, and colors, in those objects in nature, I see designs which I want to tell a more detailed story about. There is a circle of life that lies deep beneath the surface of the beautiful landscape, and that is what I want to capture when I work abstractly.
For me there is an emotional connection between my realism and my abstract work. And…as Maggie Price, a contemporary realistic pastel artist an author, used to say; “under every realistic painting, there should be a good abstract painting.” That would be your large and small underlying shapes. | https://www.perceptionsbycaland.com/post/from-realism-to-abstraction |
# Staggerford
Staggerford is Jon Hassler's first novel, published in 1977.
Named for its setting in a quaint, mid-western small town, Staggerford is told mainly from the point of view of seasoned English teacher Miles Pruitt, a bachelor, age 35. Employing a third-person narration sometimes omniscient, sometimes limited, the novel chronicles the daily life, memories, and insights of the competent but ironic Miles, along with those of a handful of his colleagues, friends, and students, during a single, increasingly eventful week, starting on Friday October 30 and ending on Saturday November 7. Passing references to the American Indian Movement (265) place the action firmly in the mid-1970s. By turns poignant and humorous, the novel affectionately satirizes academia and the narrowness of American small-town life while sympathizing with the struggles and successes of a wide variety of "ordinary" people. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staggerford |
Our improvisation theatre classes are open to teenagers from 11 to 14 years old with or without acting experience. Classes are taught in french and require a good enough command of the french language.
Classes are built around improvisation games to get used to the basics of spontaneous acting, and then guided improvisations to create scenes together, sometimes funny, sometimes absurd, sometimes extravagant… and always unique.
During the year, students will learn to trust themselves and the group, express their creativity, develop their imagination, refine their listening skills, use their spontaneity and emotions to create authentic and colourful scenes, and develop their physical and vocal techniques for greater ease on stage.
Classes are run in a caring and stimulating environment where each student is respected and creativity is encouraged.
Improvisational theatre is a powerful tool that allows teenagers to gain confidence in public speaking and to manage the unexpected in everyday life and at school. | https://doucefrancelondon.com/improv-for-teens/ |
Don McBride sits in the low light of his musty Allston antiques store, surrounded by a pink dollhouse, a lamp adorned with two geisha-girl statuettes, an African tribal mask, three or four of the seven dwarves, a tacky bar set equipped with a glowing faux fireplace, a French dining-room set from the ’40s, and a dark-wood bureau that is, McBride says, “what we call in the trade ‘a real Beacon Hill piece.’ ”
This weekend, McBride’s Furniture on Brighton Avenue will have a liquidation sale, after which it may or may not stay open for another week or so. And then, with the simultaneous closing of What Once Was, the store next door that occupies McBride’s sublet space, Allston will be bereft of antique stores.
But that’s not all it will be missing.
McBride, 70, with his broad face, boxer’s nose, barrel chest, huge hands, and meat-and-potatoes Boston accent, is a throwback. In a way, it seems natural for him to spend his days surrounded by dusty relics. He’s been in the antiques business for more than 35 years, having run or co-run five stores in Allston and environs. But the antique business isn’t what it used to be. The Internet has adversely affected stores like McBride’s. And Allston itself has changed.
“People from the outskirts used to come into Allston just for [antiques],” he says. Not so much anymore. Retailers have given way to small restaurants. Bars. College kids. It doesn’t attract the same sort of foot traffic. So, with rumors that the Kells, the Irish pub/club/Asian restaurant next door, might soon expand, McBride is doing a favor for his landlord. “In order to expedite the sale, I have to, like, spearhead a movement . . . part of the purchase and sale deal is they wanna see that when it’s time to do it, it won’t be that much of a hassle.”
McBride loves antiques, the cluttered mess, stacked to the rafters, stuff on top of stuff. But that’s not why he got into this business. “My basic reason was surviving so I could just play,” says the long-time jazz drummer. “All of a sudden I couldn’t make a living playing. . . . I used to make a paycheck in the Combat Zone back in ’59.”
For a moment, he’s lost in reverie, back in a city that no longer exists. “The clubs that they had back then! On Essex Street, they had Izzy Ort’s, the Golden Nugget, then you’d go down further, there was the Essex Deli, take a left, there was the Palace, which was the Silver Dollar Bar.” He rattles off more vanished hot spots. Connolly’s. 123 Lounge. “These were great places, where you’d go and play and actually get paid to play there.”
Venues like those are scarce these days. But McBride — who’s shared the stage with names like Jimmy Rushing, Bobby Hackett, and Howard McGhee — has never been afraid to make do with what he has. So it’s long been a common occurrence to walk into one of his antique stores to the sound of loud, swinging jazz percolating up from the basement.
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See all articles by: | http://thephoenix.com/Boston/news/26984-end-of-an-era-in-allston/ |
Andrew Angelides of Functional Risk Solutions was recently recognized by client Exxon Mobil for his contribution in managing Occupational Health and Safety during the planning, construction and hand-over phases of the Perth Exxon Mobil office refurbishment.
Andrew's involvement in the project included overseeing and implementing the Exxon Mobil Loss Prevention System (LPS); facilitating the Exxon Mobil Operation Integrity Management System (OIMS); training the construction workforce under these systems; as well as assessing, monitoring and implementing practical mitigation control measures.
Congratulations Andrew in receiving this award and delivering a safe project.
Our new premises are located in close proximity to public transport and parking, and provides lift access to all floors. For your convenience our contact details and postal address remain the same and can be viewed by navigating to our 'contact us' page.
We look forward to continuing serving you from our new location into the future.
Wayfinding is often associated with the limited scope of signage design and the placement of signs to assist people with their navigation through a building or the larger site.
Signage is, of course, a crucial component in wayfinding.
Wayfinding should, however, also be viewed as a far broader concept incorporating a wider range of building elements and experiences within the built environment. Wayfinding is essentially about communication, and communication in the built environment does not necessarily need to be graphic; it can be architectural, tactile or audible, and in some instances olfactory.
People use a vast amount of cues to assist with orienting themselves to a space and to gain a sense of direction. Some examples include the form and shape of buildings and the finishes associated with each of them; the location of landmark features; internal finishes defining rooms and walkways within a building; the texture of walkways, floor finishes and standalone furniture; the noise associated with various spaces within a building; or smells associated with various spaces (e.g. coffee shop, cafeteria).
These provide a myriad of cues which, when coupled with a person’s prior experience of the building, assist in creating a more meaningful whole.
Attending to these cues more thoroughly and ensuring that they are provided in a consistent, uniform and strategic manner are key to developing a design which will be more usable to a broader range of people.
Landmark features such as statues and sculptures, or scented plants can provide a strong cue at points where several paths converge and decisions need to be made.
Architectural features such as canopies and alcoves can effectively highlight entry points to buildings. Locating these entry points so that they can be clearly seen from an associated car park, bus stop, taxi rank or pedestrian footpath assists people in gaining access to a building.
Likewise, ensuring connecting pathways and means of vertical transport are also clearly viewable from entrances provides a perceptible continuation in a person’s journey through a site.
Signage should complement the care taken in the design and should not constitute the main means of directing people as it relies on a limited set of skills (i.e. good visual acuity and perception, as well as strong literacy and language skills).
The obstacles in using signage alone for people with vision impairments and intellectual disabilities are obvious, but other large groups of people in the community also experience difficulty with this – a list that can include the elderly, people with a non-English speaking background and young children, among others.
The incorporation of pictograms and symbols as well as tactile and Braille features assist in making signage more accessible, and its location and the information communicated is just as important.
The height of signage and consistent placement are critical for tactile reading and in enabling people to anticipate where signage is to be provided and easily locate it when necessary. Using contrasting surfaces through both colour and texture further assist in locating signs. These principles should also extend to the elements on the sign itself.
“You are here” maps located at entries and crucial decision making points assist people with finding where they are located within the site or building and to subsequently problem solve an appropriate route to their destination. Directory boards listing spaces, functions and facilities on each floor proximal to the lifts and stairs provide vital information required to reach a destination.
Incorporating colour coding of spaces across all signage and incorporating it with finishes within the space itself provides a continuum of information which is more easily perceived by most people.
Also crucial in developing effective wayfinding solutions is the consideration of mobility and how people are able to travel safely through a site.
A whole host of strategies can be incorporated to assist with this, with many of these well documented across a number of Australian Standards.
Strategies may include locating and designing paths of travel which provide appropriate gradients and landings for people to rest at suitable distances; providing well designed handrails at all stairs and ramps; providing ramped walkways in lieu of stairs to allow for universal and safe access; providing contrasting finishes to define paths or incorporating suitable barriers and landscaping to achieve this; and providing contrasting graphics to glazed entry doors to assist detection. | https://www.functionalaccess.com.au/blog/archives/08-2013 |
This parfait glass is filled with freshly whipped cream, strawberry puree, and little bites of 3 Musketeers candy bars. For a special dessert or chocolate treat, give this recipe a try!
- Prep: 35 mins
-
35 mins
35 mins
Directions
Use a sharp knife to cut 3 Musketeers Bites in half (optional)
Hull and dice strawberries and place into a large bowl. Stir in sugar, then cover the bowl with plastic wrap and chill for 30 minutes.
Place strawberries and their juice in bowl of a food processor or blender and process until pureed. Taste for sweetness. If you want them sweeter, stir in 1 Tablespoon sugar, repeating if necessary, until desired sweetness is achieved. Makes approximately 1 1/4 cups of puree. Chill until ready to assemble the dessert.
Place whipping cream into a chilled stainless steel mixing bowl. Use a hand or stand mixer and whip cream until soft peaks form (about 1 minute). Sprinkle sugar into the bowl and continue mixing for 1-2 more minutes, until medium peaks have formed and mixture is light and fluffy.
Use a silicone spatula or spoon to gently fold 1/2 cup of puree into the whipped cream. Don't over mix or you won't see those nice specks of strawberry in the finished product!
To assemble the desserts, place 3 Tablespoons of puree into the bottom of each parfait glass. (This recipe will give you enough for 2 parfaits. Add a layer of whipped cream mixture, followed by a layer of the Bites candy. Repeat layers of whipped cream mixture and candy until the glass is full. Finish with a Tablespoon of puree on top.
If desired, garnish with graham cracker sticks and more candy Bites. | https://eatmorechocolate.com/recipe/strawberry-parfait/ |
The Chennakesava temple situated in Belur in Chikmagalur, Karnataka is home to the Hoysala temples from the 11th and 13th century. This temple was built by the Hoysalas during their 300 years rule in Karnataka and took over 102 years to get completed.
When you step inside the temple, you meet beautifully carved sculptures and monuments which show the best of Hoysala temple architecture. The name of the temple is derived from Chenna, which means beautiful and Kesava, which means Vishnu.
Chennakeshava Temple History
Victory over Cholas of Tamil Nadu
Historians say that this temple was built by King Vishnuvardhana and completed by his grandson after 102 years because of its massive structures and intricate architecture. This masterpiece was built to celebrate King Vishnuvardhana’s win over the Chola dynasty of Tamil Nadu in the battle of Talakad. The Hoysalas annexed Gangavadi from the Cholas in this battle.
The temple was anciently named, Vijayanarayana and later given the name Chennakesava because of its beauty. It is situated on the banks of the Yagachi river in Belur.
WATCH THE VIDEO :
Temple architecture
The main entrance of the temple consists of a Rajagopura which was built during the Hoysala Empire. Uniquely, all the temples of the Hoysala Empire have their Gods and Goddesses figurines facing east. Similarly, the Chennakesava God’s shrine also faces east of the temple. The shrine or the main temple is covered by two temples, one at the right named Kappe Channigraya temple and a small temple behind the Chennakesava temple called the Sowmyanaki temple. On the left of the shrine is the Ranganayaki temple. There are also two main pillars or sthambas named Garuda and Deepa sthambas which are situated at the left and right of the main temple respectively.
Gravity Pillar
Right at the centre of the temple stands a tall pillar which is carved from a single piece of rock and stands on its own. It is thus, called the gravity pillar.
Temple Doors
The beautiful temple has three entrances and all the three entrances have magnificent lady dwarpals carved on the walls that are exquisitely dressed with ornaments. As the Hoysala architecture has another history of its founder, there are structures of little boy Sala killing a beast. The story goes, one day; young boy Sala along with his master was visiting a temple in Angadi where a menacing beast approached them. The master in all anxiousness threw at him an iron rod and shouted “Poy sala” which means “strike Sala”. The brave boy killed the beast with the same iron rod. All the Hoysala regime temples have this figure built around them. This figure became a trademark for the Hoysala dynasty which existed from the 10th to 14th century AD and Sala became the king.
A total of 100 temples were built in this period and there are only three temples which are popular today namely the Kesava temple at Somnathapura (Lord Vishnu), Chennakesava at Belur and Hoysaleswara at Halebidu.
The outer wall:
The intricate carvings throughout the outer wall leaves the visitors spellbound. Virtually every inch of the shrine is intricately carved and each carving is a masterpiece of craftsmanship.
Lower Frieze :
The horizontal row of friezes depict carvings of elephants, lions, scrolls of small female figures adorned with ornaments intersected by larger vertical images. An interesting point to note her is no two friezes in the complete range are alike. As you move your eyes higher up on the walls, the carvings gets more dense and intricate. The wall also features several screens with holes for ventilation purpose and bear carvings of the court scenes of King Vishnuvardhana and Veer Bhalla II.
Madanikas:
There are a total of 40 pillars on the outer walls, each with a bracket figure of dancing girls also called Madanikas. Out of total 42 bracket figures on the corners, 38 freestanding bracket figures are outside the temple angled between the upper walls and the over-hanging eaves and the remaining 4 are inside the temple.
The madanikas are beautiful damsels in various moods representing feminine charm and grace. Each figure represents the grace of an ideal female form is capable of . These sculptures are finely proportioned and exceedingly ornamented.
Dieties:
Besides the madanikas, beautiful mythological depictions can also be seen on the outer wall.
There are also wall carvings of deities like Durga killing Mahisasur, Lord Surya on his Rath, Varaha, Brahma , Ganesha and other deities.There are dancing figurines of idols with bangles on their arms which are spectacular.
The main diety, Lord Vishnu has four hands and is flaunted by two lady deities on either side. The puja that goes on inside the temple once in the morning and evening is performed for 887 years.
The Main Sanctum :
The polished pillars and ceiling inside the The large navrang mandapam is one of its kind. The pillars differ in sizes and design patterns except for the 4 pillars at the centre crowned by bracket figures. One of the prominent ones is Queen Shantala Devi’s figure in dancing posture with a gem on her forehead.
The second one is Shilabalika with her pet parrot. The bangle on her right hand and can move up and down.
The third one is Gandharva Shilabalika wearing a number of bangles in her forearm
and the fourth one is Kesha Shrungara Shilabalika wringing her hair to squeeze the water after her bath.
The hall is separated from the entryway to the idol by an intricately carved gateway depicting detailed ornamental carvings of the 24 forms of lord vishnu and 2 dwarpals on either sides of the entrance. The beautifully ornamented 6 ft high idol of lord Vishnu has 4 hands, the upper 2 holding a discus and conch, while the lower 2 has a lotus and a mace. Idols of his consorts, Bhudevi and Sridevi can be seen on either sides.
Chennakeshva temple is the only functional Hoysala temple with pujas being performed both in the morning and evening. This tradition is being practiced for the last 887 years.
Besides the main shrine, there are other smaller shrines namely the Kappe Chanigaraya Temple, The Veernarayan temple, Saumyanayaki Temple and Andal Ammanavara Temple.
Regarded as one of the jewels of South Indian architecture. the temples have become rich repositories of ancient Hindu culture.
The sheer beauty of form, delicacy of workmanship and perfection of finish makes the Chennakeshva temple a must visit site on every tourist’s temple itinerary.
How To Reach:
By road- Belur is connected by buses to main cities like Mysore and Bangalore. It is well connected to tourist places like Hassan, Shrananabelagola and Madikeri.
By railway- The nearest railway station is Hassan with trains from Bangalore, Mangalore and Mysore.
By Air- The nearest airport is Mangalore.
Timings of the temple- 7.30am- 1pm and 2.30 pm to 7.30 pm.
Note: These temple complexes have been proposed to be listed under Unesco World heritage sites.
A Must Visit! | https://www.worldghoomo.com/chennakeshava-temple-belur/ |
Did you know there’s an over 250-year-old rajbari surrounded by stunning terracotta temples in a small village in Shantiniketan? Yes!
Surul, located a few kilometres away from Bolpur station, houses the Sarkar Rajbari built in the 1750s. The rajbari still remains in a terrific condition despite being almost three centuries old! It was built by this businessman named Srinivas Sarkar, who apparently made a lot of money by selling sails for ships that sailed from the Saheb Ghat port in Illambazar. It also boasts of several dilapidated but unique temples with a lot of intricate terracotta carvings.
The 19th century panch ratna Lakshmi Janardhan Temple has three arches with the central arch depicting a war scene between Ram and Ravan while the two remaining arches depict the former's coronation ceremony and the latter's meeting with his generals. The twin temples made in the rekha-deul style dedicated to Lord Shiva with terracotta panels are also worth a visit.
We would also recommend visiting a couple of other temples built by Srinivas Sarkar. One is a 19th century aatchala showing an eroded Lord Jagannath's rath in terracotta. The other is a rekha-deul style temple depicting Shiva playing the tanpura. There are figures of other gods and goddesses as well. Watch out for the terracotta carvings depicting Goddess Durga with her family and women in European dresses. | https://lbb.in/kolkata/surul-rajbari-bolpur-santiniketan |
Physical activity plays a crucial role in your health. Exercise helps balance the body's energy to keep weight within a healthy range, among other things. If you're starting a workout plan, calculating your total inches lost is a good way to compare your body composition before and after. It is easy to calculate how many inches you've lost by taking your measurements in the beginning, and at the end. Keep in mind that both diet and exercise contribute to the number of inches you will lose.
Video of the Day
Step 1
Take your measurements before you start your weight-loss regimen. Common sites of girth measurement include the chest, upper arm, waist, hip, thigh and neck.
Step 2
Record your starting measurements in a notebook, excel sheet, or weight-tracking program.
Step 3
Determine how frequently you plan to measure yourself. Although you only need your starting and ending measurements, tracking as you go helps keep you motivated and on track toward your goal. Take your measurements at least once a month, and record them as you go.
Step 4
Calculate your total inches lost by subtracting your ending measurements for each body part from your starting measurements. Then, add the total inches lost for each body part together to get your total inches lost. For example, if your waist measured 48 inches at the start and 42 inches at the end of your workout program, you lost 6 inches in your waist. | https://www.livestrong.com/article/520944-how-to-calculate-total-inches-lost-from-exercise/ |
How do I writea rhetorical essay? Well, it is an interesting question. I would say that I used to have some struggle with this particular essay type, but, thanks to some useful ideas my English teacher provided me with, now I can tell that I am perfectly capable of writing it in one day time. If you want to increase your writing skills in this area, please look at the information below. Hopefully, you will find it as useful as I did, and use it to become an even better student eventually.
So, in order to be able to write a rhetorical essay, we need to understand what rhetoric is. According to the general view, rhetoric is how a writer or a speaker persuades his or her audience using specific techniques. Unlike a standard essay that focuses on analyzing a subject or idea, rhetorical essay examines the choices the writer makes, the strategies he uses, and the effect they have on a reader or audience. Your task is to analyze the interaction between the speaker and the audience.
The big questions of your rhetorical essay are: what language choices did the writer or a speaker make? What language devices has he used? How did he communicate his ideas? In order to answer those questions, you will need to do an analysis of rhetorical devices, also known as literary devices or literary strategies. At first, let’s clarify what those devices are. So, rhetorical devices are the tools and tricks that writers use to persuade their audience to agree with their argument, for example, metaphors, hyperboles, similes and so on. You need to find them in the text, underline and explain their meaning. Why did the author use them? Every literary device in the text you are analyzing is there for a reason. Make sure you find it!
As you already know, the main thing that distinguishes the rhetorical analysis from all the others is that you need to analyze not what the author has written, but how he has written it. That is why you need to avoid writing about author’s opinion or the arguments he provided in his work. Remember that a summary of the text is not an analysis! Make sure you understand the difference.
You should consider a rhetorical essay to be an English test that your professor wants you to take. In the end, he needs to evaluate your ability to use and analyze the language, and you have to prove that you can write at college level. So do not be lazy, take time for your essay and impress you professor! | http://essayacademia.co.uk/how-do-you-write-rhetorical-essays/ |
The solar heat collection technique refers to equipment used for converting solar radiation light heat into heat energy through vacuum heat collection pipes or through the flat-plate heat collection technique. According to an efficient solar collector, the excellent heat-insulation and heat-preservation characteristics of vacuum glass pipes and a heat-collection efficiency method are combined, and heat-pipe heat-conducting media or anti-freezing liquid is used for heat transfer. The efficient solar collector is characterized in that the efficient solar collector comprises a support (2), a solar collector body (9), a temperature difference power generation assembly (1) and a water tank (7), a warning layer (13) is mounted between a bracket (10) of a solar collector body (9) and a bracket (10) of a heat collection pipe (11) to achieve the efficient heat collection process, the solar collector body (9) is covered with two layers of vacuum tempered glass panels (12), and a film-coated reflecting coating is arranged inside the solar collector body (9), so that heat loss of the hollow-square-shaped heat collection pipe (11) is effectively prevented, and efficient absorption and conversion of solar energy are achieved. By adoption of the efficient solar collector, the problems of deposition of scale impurities in the heat collection pipe and complex using in winter can be solved, and excellent heat collection and heat transfer characteristics of the solar collector can be achieved. | |
Childhood obesity is a real and pressing health problem in Australia. Children are spending more time doing sedentary activities such as watching television and playing computer games. These activities don’t involve much physical activity which contributes to the growing childhood obesity dilemma. According to the department of health and ageing- Australia (2007) about one in every five children is now overweight or obese, furthermore, 25% of obese six year olds will become obese adults (Rosenberg, 2005). This paper examines the importance of physical activity, the teacher’s role in addressing and preventing obesity and significant contributions that teachers can offer to help reverse child obesity. The target age group for this paper is 5-10 year olds.
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Children become overweight when the energy they take in or consume is greater than the energy they expel through physical activity (Catford & Caterson, 2003). Physical activity for this age group is important because physical fitness is a habit that we learn. Children learn early to choose between sitting indoors and watching television or going outside to play ball. According to Steinback (2001) physical activity builds skills and co-ordination. It can also give personal satisfaction when achieving something new or difficult and it can help children who then become adults meet new friends with similar interests e.g. riding your bicycle in the park or playing on the swings. Exercise also produces endorphins and helps sleep patterns (Salmon, 2005).
Adults teach fitness through example. It is possible to establish healthy lifestyle choices from an early age and lay the foundation for a child’s physical activity patterns. As discussed by Lumeng (2005) there are studies to indicate that if a child as young as three is overweight, they may be on the path to obesity in adulthood.
Due to changes in family dynamics and the social and economic aspects of life, there is added responsibility on educators to provide extra services such as health education; however, teachers can only be effective if they are willing, trained and prepared to undertake such a role. Emmel (2005) suggests that schools have come a long way in the last 5 years in regards to awareness due to added pressure from parents and the community. The teacher’s role in addressing and preventing obesity is important because there are many health related problems for overweight children, including, diabetes, high blood pressure, joint problems, breathing difficulties and even social issues such as bullying and feelings of isolation from not being able to participate in physical activities (Reilly, Methren, McDowell, Hacking, Alexander, Stewart & Kelnar, 2003).
Schools provide the ideal setting for the prevention of obesity due to the number of continual and concentrated access to a large number of individuals at a developmentally appropriate age (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). Schools can provide students with structured play and learning opportunities for promoting healthy lifestyle choices. Teachers spend a large amount of time with students especially in the early years. They are looked up to for guidance and support from the students, therefore, teachers help to shape students attitudes and beliefs. The role of the teacher in addressing childhood obesity is to encourage and provide opportunity for development.
The environment we live in which includes the school environment is the perfect playground for making choices. If our environment shapes our choices then children are perfect targets for food advertisements. Teachers can take advantage of this dominant resource to educate students on good health and physical activity. It is vital that these advertisements promote good food choices, however, there is still a long way to go before junk food advertisements are taken away (Ashton, 2004).
Snacks should be a regular part of a child’s diet. Since young children’s stomachs are still small, they eat small meals. Most children need more than three meals each day. Snacks should be nutritious, not “junk” food. Good snacks include fruit, cheese, juices, popcorn, crackers with peanut butter, fresh carrots or celery, flavoured yogurt, and bread and butter (Child & Youth health, 2010).
Three ways a teacher could assist young children in addressing or preventing obesity include;
Activities for children- involve all children regardless of body weight, so that no one child feels singled out. According to Lumeng (2005) it’s not about being on a diet or restricting food, it is a whole lifestyle change that includes eating healthy food combined with daily physical activity. It may take several attempts before children are comfortable with physical activity. Try organising one afternoon each week before school ends where each child takes a turn to choose their favourite physical activity and everyone has the opportunity to participate. Teachers can use this opportunity to encourage those who are not athletically gifted or have health care issues. They can also follow up on any students they feel need extra support.
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Assignments on good nutrition and physical activities – cut out pictures in magazines of healthy food and exercise. Encouraging children and leading by example is a powerful tool. Teachers can involve parents as well so that children learn which foods to eat or how much exercise to engage in. Display the cut outs on posters designed to encourage good food choices. If children look at them long enough they may start to identify these items and choose them over chocolate or chips (Emmel, 2005). Above all activities need to be fun and stimulating.
Implementing a quality schools meal program- this includes an overhaul of the schools canteen and what parents put in lunch boxes. Only making healthy food available during school hours will encourage students to make better choices. Adopting marketing techniques to promote healthy choices is a good way to get students excited about food. This can also extend to fundraising campaigns and vending machines on school grounds. Foods defined as having minimal nutritional value such as sugary lollies, salty chips and soft drinks should be eliminated from the menu (Rosenberg, 2005).
In conclusion, there is growing recognition of the need to establish positive attitudes to healthy lifestyle practices from an early age if obesity is to be reversed later on. Without a strong contribution from schools children can grow up to have body image and weight control issues. Children need to exercise to improve endurance, strength, flexibility and social skills focussing on self-improvement rather than on comparison to others. The teacher’s role is a preventive one which is designed to improve the lives of young people through physical activity and healthy eating to reduce the obesity pandemic of the students of today and in the future.
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Nearly three out of four people (74%) think that income differences in Britain are too large and seven in ten (69%) believe that parents’ income plays too big a part in determining children’s life chances, according to the first survey of attitudes to inequality and social mobility commissioned by the Sutton Trust.
The results from the Ipsos MORI survey of over 2,000 adults are consistent with academic research which has shown that background plays a bigger role in determining educational outcomes in Britain than in many other countries and that levels of social mobility are relatively low. Recent research from the Institute of Fiscal Studies meanwhile has suggested that income inequality is at its highest level since the 1960s (note 1).
The other findings of the survey paint a mixed picture of attitudes to inequality and mobility:
- 69% of respondents who answered the question believed that they had experienced static or downward mobility, with the household they are in today being relatively worse off—or no better off—than the household they grew up in as a child.
- Only 10% of those who answered the question and said they grew up in households in the bottom quartile of income reported being in the top quartile in adulthood (note 2).
- Despite this, just 31% of respondents thought that social mobility in Britain is too low, and one half thought it is “about right”.
- And, surprisingly, more than half (54%) agreed that people in Britain have equal opportunities to get ahead.
Dr Lee Elliot Major, Director of Research at the Sutton Trust, said: “Opportunities in this country remain heavily determined by parental background. A wide range of research places Britain at or near the bottom of the league table of mobility, particularly in terms of the link between children’s educational achievement and parental income.
These findings suggest unease among the public about life opportunities in modern Britain, but that perceptions of mobility and inequality are mixed. The public appear to recognise some of the inequalities in our society, but on the face of it half do not think that Britain is particularly socially immobile. If we are to promote real change, a first step is to recognise that we have a problem and create a consensus on the need for reform. | https://www.suttontrust.com/newsarchive/wage-gap-large-say-three-four-britons/ |
What is a Cell?
A cell is the smallest, basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental component of life. Cells are the structural, functional, and biological units of all living beings.
Each cell contains a fluid called the cytoplasm, which is enclosed by a membrane. In the cytoplasm, several biomolecules are present such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Cellular structures called cell organelles are also suspended in the cytoplasm.
The study of cells from their basic structure to every cell organelle’s functions is called Cell Biology. All organisms are made up of cells. They may be made up of a single cell called unicellular, or many cells called multicellular.
Mycoplasmas are the smallest known cells. A cell can replicate itself independently. Therefore, they are known as the building blocks of life. They provide structure to the body and convert the nutrients taken from the food into energy.
Cells are complex, and their components perform various functions in an organism. They are of different shapes and sizes.
Cells are the lowest level of organization in every life form. From organism to organism, the count of cells can vary. Humans have several cells compared to bacteria.
Cells contain several cell organelles that perform specialized functions to carry out life processes. Every organelle has a specific structure. The hereditary material of the organisms is also present in the cells.
Discovery of Cells
- Robert Hooke discovered the cell in 1665.
- Robert Hooke observed a piece of bottle cork under a compound microscope and noticed minuscule structures that reminded him of small rooms. Consequently, he named these “rooms” as cells. However, his compound microscope had limited magnification, and hence, he could not see any details in the structure. Owing to this limitation, Hooke concluded that these were non-living entities.
- After that, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed cells under another compound microscope with higher magnification. This time, he had noted that the cells exhibited some form of movement. Therefore Leeuwenhoek concluded that these microscopic entities were “alive.” Eventually, after a host of other observations, these entities were named animalcules.
- In 1883, Robert Brown, a Scottish botanist, provided the first insights into the cell structure. He was able to describe the nucleus present in the cells of orchids.
Characteristics of Cells
Following are the various essential characteristics of cells:
- Cells provide structure and support to the body of an organism.
- The cell interior is organized into different individual organelles surrounded by a separate membrane.
- The nucleus holds genetic information necessary for reproduction and cell growth.
- Every cell has one nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm.
- Mitochondria, a double membrane-bound organelle, are mainly responsible for the energy transactions vital for its survival.
- The endoplasmic reticulum plays a significant role in the cell’s internal organization by synthesizing selective molecules and processing, directing and sorting them to their appropriate locations.
Types of Cells
Cells are of two types, such as:
- Prokaryotic Cells: Prokaryotic cells were the first form of life on Earth, characterized by having vital biological processes, including cell signaling. They are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells and lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
The DNA of a prokaryotic cell consists of a single circular chromosome in direct contact with the cytoplasm. The nuclear region in the cytoplasm is called the nucleoid. Most prokaryotes are the smallest of all organisms ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 μm in diameter. A prokaryotic cell has three regions:
- Enclosing the cell is the cell envelope consisting of a plasma membrane covered by a cell wall that may be further covered by a third layer called a capsule for some bacteria. Though most prokaryotes have both a cell membrane and a cell wall, there are exceptions, such as bacteria and archaea, which only possess the cell membrane layer. The envelope gives rigidity to the cell and separates its interior from its environment, serving as a protective filter. The cell wall consists of peptidoglycan in bacteria and acts as an additional barrier against exterior forces.
- It also prevents the cell from expanding and bursting from osmotic pressure due to a hypotonic environment. Inside the cell is the cytoplasmic region that contains the DNA, ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions. The genetic material is freely found in the cytoplasm.
- Prokaryotes can carry extrachromosomal DNA elements called plasmids, which are usually circular.
- Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells are thought to be the most modern major cell type. All multicellular organisms are eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells seem to have “learned” to work together to create multicellular organisms.
Eukaryotic cells usually have more than one chromosome, which contains large amounts of genetic information. Within a multicellular organism’s body, different genes within these chromosomes may be switched “on” and “off,” allowing cells with different traits and performing different functions within the same organism.
The main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes as compared to prokaryotes is membrane-bound compartments in which specific activities occur.
Eukaryotic cells also have one or more internal membranes, which led scientists to conclude that eukaryotic cells likely evolved when prokaryote types began living in other cells’ symbiotic relationships. Organelles with interior membranes found in eukaryotic cells typically include:
- For animal cells: Mitochondria, which liberate the energy from sugar and turn it into ATP efficiently.
- Mitochondria even have their DNA, separate from the cells’ nuclear DNA, which supports the theory that they used to be independent bacteria.
- For plant cells: Chloroplasts, which perform photosynthesis, making ATP and sugar from sunlight and air.
- Chloroplasts also have their DNA, suggesting that they may have originated as photosynthetic bacteria.
- Nucleus: In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus contains the essential DNA blueprints and operating instructions.
- The nuclear envelope is thought to provide an extra layer of protection for the DNA against toxins or invaders, which might damage it.
- It is unknown whether the nucleus might also have been an endosymbiotic prokaryote at one time or whether its membrane evolved as an extra layer of protection for the cell’s DNA.
- Golgi apparatus: This internal membrane complex can be thought of as the endoplasmic reticulum. It receives proteins from the ER, packages and “labels” them by attaching sugars as needed, and then sends them to their final destinations.
- Endoplasmic reticulum: This complex internal membrane is a major site of protein creation for cells. The evolutionary origin of the endoplasmic reticulum is not known.
Many eukaryotic cells can create temporary internal membrane “sacs,” called “vacuoles,” to store waste or package important materials. Some cells have special vacuoles called “lysosomes”, which are full of corrosive substances and digestive enzymes.
Cells dump their “trash” into lysosomes, where the harsh environment breaks them down into simpler components that can be re-used!
Structure of Cell
The cell structure comprises individual components with specific functions essential to carry out life’s processes. These components are the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles.
- Cell Membrane
The cell membrane supports and protects the cell. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cells. It separates the cell from the external environment. The cell membrane is present in all the cells.
The cell membrane is the outer covering of a cell within which all other organelles, such as the cytoplasm and nucleus, are enclosed. It is also referred to as the plasma membrane.
By structure, it is a porous membrane (with pores) that permits selective substances in and out of the cell. Besides this, the cell membrane also protects the cellular component from damage and leakage.
It forms the wall-like structure between two cells as well as between the cell and its surroundings.
Plants are immobile, so their cell structures are well-adapted to protect them from external factors. The cell wall helps to reinforce this function.
- Cell Wall
The cell wall is the most prominent part of the plant’s cell structure. It is made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.
The cell wall is present exclusively in plant cells. It protects the plasma membrane and other cellular components. The cell wall is also the outermost layer of plant cells.
It is a rigid and stiff structure surrounding the cell membrane. It provides shape and support to the cells and protects them from mechanical shocks and injuries.
- Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a thick, clear, jelly-like substance present inside the cell membrane.
Most of the chemical reactions within a cell take place in this cytoplasm.
The cell organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes are suspended in this cytoplasm.
- Nucleus
The nucleus contains the hereditary material of the cell, the DNA.
It sends signals to the cells to grow, mature, divide and die.
The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope that separates the DNA from the rest of the cell.
The nucleus protects the DNA and is an integral component of a plant’s cell structure.
Functions of Cell
A cell performs these major functions essential for the growth and development of an organism.
- Energy Production
Cells require energy to carry out various chemical processes. This energy is produced by the cells through a process called photosynthesis in plants and respiration in animals.
- Provides Support and Structure
All the organisms are made up of cells. They form the structural basis of all the organisms. The cell wall and the cell membrane are the main components that function to provide support and structure to the organism.
- Facilitate Growth Mitosis
In the process of mitosis, the parent cell divides into the daughter cells. Thus, the cells multiply and facilitate the growth of an organism.
- Helps in Reproduction
A cell helps in reproduction through the processes called mitosis and meiosis.
- Mitosis is termed as the asexual reproduction where the parent cell divides to form daughter cells.
- Meiosis causes the daughter cells to be genetically different from the parent cells.
Therefore, we can understand why cells are known as the structural and functional unit of life. This is because they are responsible for providing structure to the organisms and performing several functions necessary to carry out life’s processes.
- Allows Transport of Substances
Various nutrients are imported by the cells to carry out various chemical processes going on inside the cells. The waste produced by the chemical processes is eliminated from the cells by active and passive transport.
Small molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethanol diffuse across the cell membrane along the concentration gradient. This is known as passive transport.
The larger molecules diffuse across the cell membrane through active transport, where the cells require a lot of energy to transport the substances.
Cell Theory
Cell Theory was proposed by the German scientists Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden, and Rudolf Virchow. The cell theory states that:
- A cell is the basic unit of life.
- All living species on Earth are composed of cells.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
A modern version of the cell theory was formulated, and it contains the following postulates:
- Energy flows within the cells.
- The chemical composition of all the cells is the same.
- Genetic information is passed on from one cell to the other.
Cell Organelles
Cells are composed of various cell organelles that perform certain specific functions to carry out life’s processes. The different cell organelles, along with their principal functions, are as follows:
- Nucleolus: The nucleolus is the site of ribosome synthesis. Also, it is involved in controlling cellular activities and cellular reproduction.
- Nuclear membrane: The nuclear membrane protects the nucleus by forming a boundary between the nucleus and other cell organelles.
- Chromosomes: Chromosomes play a crucial role in determining the sex of an individual. Each human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
- Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the transportation of substances throughout the cell. It plays a primary role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of lipids, steroids and proteins.
- Golgi Bodies: Golgi bodies are called the cell’s post office as it is involved in the transportation of materials within the cell.
- Ribosome: Ribosomes are the protein synthesizers of the cell.
- Mitochondria: The mitochondrion is called “the powerhouse of the cell” because it produces ATP (the cell’s energy currency).
- Lysosomes: Lysosomes protect the cell by engulfing the foreign bodies entering the cell and helps in cell renewal. Therefore, it is known as the cell’s suicide bags.
- Chloroplast: Chloroplasts are the primary organelles for photosynthesis. It contains the pigment chlorophyll.
- Vacuoles: Vacuoles store food, water, and other waste materials in the cell. | https://learnpythonjava.com/what-is-a-cell/ |
With the coming of .NET, it has become much easier to access the different collection of classes. This is unlike before when various programming languages all had different types of routines and classes that was provided for by the Microsoft Foundation classes. Something that needs to be noted here, is the fact that the .NET framework uses essentially two languages, VB.NET and C#.NET.
This made all the programming languages incompatible with each other. However, the .NET framework has changed all this. For instance, it is now possible to put down classes in one language, and later on convert the classes using a different language. This is because the .NET framework translates the source code into an intermediary language known as the MSIL (or Microsoft Intermediate Language). So no matter what language your source code might be in, it will always be converted into the intermediary language.
Even though the two basic languages of .NET both give off different results, C# has been recommended by many as the better option. The major differences between these programs are based on the kind of support they offer to programmers and not necessarily how they interact with the framework. In summary, this means that the clarity and the structure of the languages is of most importance.
C#.NET is most preferred by most programmers because it contains less wording than alternative programming languages when it comes to the source code. Whereas other languages use a variety of keywords such as If, End, Next and End Sub in getting rid of unique code blocks, C# uses delimiters, a similarity it shares with other C- languages.
Another great benefit that C# has is that it has inherited some features from C-languages. This means that for a programmer well conversant with C languages, it will be much easier for them to use C#. For instance, when increasing or decreasing the value of a variable, two plus signs or minus signs are put in front of the value that needs to be changed, just like in the C languages. Even though the alternative programming language is not case sensitive which gives it a couple of pointers over C#, most programmers still would rather use C# for its numerous advantages.
A significant factor that closes the deal for C#.NET over other languages is the fact that it does use pointers. Pointers can be described as variables that point to a unique memory location. Due to their wide usage in C languages, a huge number of programmers find it hard to operate without them. However, though very useful, pointers are notorious for corrupting computer memory. Alternative languages are restrictive since they don’t allow the use of pointers.
In summary, most programmers prefer C#.NET to other programming languages.
Our outsource software development experts successfully used C#.NET in such projects as: Web Solution For Business Management, Short Sale Online Marketplace, iPhone, WinPhone and Android Trivia Application, Talent Metric Recruiting and Workforce Management, Online Real Estate Marketplace, Analytics Baseline Performance Measurement System, File and Document Storage System, Software Solution For Real Estate Agents, Music Production Library, Latvian Government Archive System, Digital Library of Latvian National Library, Electronic Signature – Microsoft Latvia, Ronald McDonald House Charities Latvia Website, DSA Training System, Social Web Portal. | https://diatomenterprises.com/technologies/c-net/ |
How do I fix po303 code?
What does po303 mean?
What Does P0303 Mean? P0303 definition: Cylinder 3 misfire detected. Issue Severity: SEVERE – Stop driving immediately. Repair Urgency: Fix this code immediately (same-day if possible) to avoid ignition failure, catalytic converter damage, and dangerous conditions. via
What causes a misfire in cylinder 3 and 4?
A faulty worn spark plug. A failed coil pack or coil-on-plug coil. A bad spark plug wire on a vehicle that has plug wires. via
Can I drive with a cylinder 3 Misfire?
Driving with a misfiring cylinder is potentially dangerous. If you lose power while driving or a second or third cylinder goes out, this can cause you to get into a car accident, possibly injuring you and others around you. via
What causes a cylinder 2 misfire?
There are many factors that can cause a cylinder 2 misfire—the most common of which are the following: Fuel delivery issues (e.g., a faulty fuel injector or damaged injector circuit) Ignition system problems (e.g., a failed coil pack or worn spark plug) via
Can you drive with a cylinder misfire?
There are several reasons for engine misfires, including bad spark plugs and unbalanced fuel/air mixtures. It is not safe to drive with a misfire, and it can damage your engine as well. via
How do you fix a cylinder 4 misfire? (video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1p516V-Ofs
How do you fix a cylinder 3 and 4 misfire?
The best way to resolve misfires on your engine is to remove the ignition coil and the spark plugs on the affected cylinders. If the spark plugs appear to be in bad condition I would recommend replacing the spark plugs. via
Can bad gas cause a misfire code?
#2 – Problems with the Fuel
A tank of “bad gas” (incorrect octane or old gasoline) can cause a misfire. Weak or dirty fuel injectors can restrict the flow of fuel into the cylinder leading to the wrong air/fuel ratio. via
How do I know if my catalytic converter is plugged? (video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNXh1Lphzr4
Can clogged cats cause misfire?
When the catalytic converter gets clogged, it restricts the exhaust flow, which leads to less air getting into the engine. This leads to engine misfire, check engine light flashing, poor acceleration, engine problems, and check engine light coming on. via
Is a cylinder 2 misfire serious? (video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUmqz-4uiEw
Can bad o2 sensor cause misfire in cylinder?
If an oxygen sensor or mass airflow sensor is failing, it could give incorrect data to your engine's computer, causing the misfire. When a vacuum line is broken, it can cause a fuel-injected motor to misfire. via
Can misfire cause shaking?
In some cases, a misfire will cause your engine to run rough enough that you feel a noticeable shake. The check engine light will pop on, and it may even begin to flash. via
How much does it cost to fix a cylinder 4?
Depending on the exact cause, it could be anywhere from $20 to $700 or more to fix a cylinder 4 misfire. Below, we'll discuss all the possible causes of a cylinder 4 misfire. Then, we'll highlight the average price to resolve each of these problems. via
Can low coolant cause misfire?
Coolant Problems
Internal coolant leaks can foul a spark plug and cause a misfire. The problem could be a leaking intake manifold or a head gasket, and the fouled plug might be localized to one or two adjacent cylinders. via
Can wrong oil filter cause misfire?
When an oil filter is bad, it can reduce oil flow, which can cause an improper valve timing, which can result in a misfire. If oil flow is low for a long time, worn engine parts may result in a misfire. via
Will seafoam help misfire?
Cool. I was having multiple misfires in cylinder 2, almost all at idle, and a somewhat rough idle. Plugs are new and car passed a pressure test. via
Can gas water cause misfire?
Symptoms of Water in a Gas Tank
Water is a non-combustible liquid that, when drawn into the fuel system, can cause the engine to run rough and misfire. The problem will usually begin shortly after refueling. via
What's the difference between a coil and a coil pack?
The ignition coil is a device which is capable of generating a high voltage pulse which goes to the spark plug. Coil pack refers to the set of coils used in the engine which do not run a distributor. A computer controls the set of coils. Each coil will supply power to the individual spark plug or a set of spark plugs. via
What does a failed catalytic converter sound like? | https://brujasdeaskani.com/po303-toyota-camry/ |
Reading in early ages can be a challenge due to difficulties in recognizing new words and may result in lack of proper comprehension of the text. To address this problem, technology has been used in the form of electronic books and more recently Augmented Reality (AR) books. In this study, we measure reading comprehension of children reading an AR storybook and compare it with their counterparts reading the traditional print version of the same book. Reading comprehension was tested in this study by measuring children’s ability in retelling and recalling of the story. A quasi-experimental methodology was employed with post-test only design. The participants were 34 children aged 7 to 9 in Tehran (Iran) which were randomly assigned to either experimental or control group and read the print storybook with and without a tablet. Participants were asked to retell the story and answer comprehension questions right after reading the storybook. Children were observed during storytelling and interviewed. Mann-Whitney test was used for data analysis. The results showed a significant difference between the control and the experimental groups in terms of overall reading comprehension. Children who experienced augmented storybook were better in retelling and answering comprehension questions. However, this was not the case in all subcategories, as there was no significant difference between the groups in retelling theme and setting. Also, the experimental group scored higher in answering implicit questions. Overall, the presentation of related multimedia content with the print storybook will result in improvement in reading comprehension. Possible explanation and implications are discussed. | https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/comparing-reading-comprehension-between-children-reading-augmente |
The pandemic has truly hit harder and lasted longer than anyone expected. How can you use team development strategies to reduce pressure and encourage cooperation? Read on to see how to do this and what benefits it could bring your team.
If you are working in a medical environment, you are no doubt concerned about the emotional toll this is taking on your staff.
You may be trying to help some prevent burnout. Others may simply want to regain focus and continue to produce quality work.
Teams vs Work Groups
To be able to plan and build strong team dynamics, it is important to understand the difference between a team and a work group. Not all groups are teams, nor do they need to be. Teams are unified around a shared goal and purpose. The members have put their own agendas aside for the benefit of the outcome.
Work groups are just want they sound, they come together to solve a problem. This is usually a short-term assignment based on a specific goal.
In both teams and work groups they likely have different soft and technical skills. They may have different levels of education and experience. However, they collaborate to reach their goal. In a team, collaboration is critical to their success, whereas in a work group, they may use compromise and negotiation more often to reach agreement.
To bring your team together with healthy interaction and cooperation, you also want to recognize what each person brings to the table. While the leader has the expertise, it is important to learn as much as possible about individuals to see what qualities they have and how to leverage them.
When creating or improving a team dynamic, it is important to remember there are stages a team goes through in its development.
Initially, members may have a theoretical understanding of their personal role, but no idea about the personalities and skill sets that others possess. And in working together, it is natural to move in and out of conflict as team members may not understand why tasks are assigned in a certain way. There is more conflict when aspects of the team members roles are not clear and expectations are vague.
As communication clarifies the uncertainty, teams find their stride, so to speak and barriers are broken down. As communication improves and morale rises, the team is able to focus on achieving their goals vs on their interactions with each other. They unite their distinguishing features rather than focus on personal achievement.
5 Strategies to Promote Great Teamwork
There are a number of strategies that you can employ in order to unite a team to accomplish a common goal. In order to develop an atmosphere of teamwork and group action, the following strategies are extremely helpful:
1. Shared Specific Goals
The goal of too many workplaces, and even healthcare environments, is simply to get to the end of the workday. This happens when the focus is on fighting fires rather than providing quality and making a difference.
Team leaders who set clear and relevant goals for their team engage optimism as a tool to build morale and momentum. This has the end result of encouraging the team to work together to achieve a goal which will provide a sense of satisfaction for the members personally and also as a group.
Specific, measurable, and relevant goals help teams to focus on a single target and work together to achieve it.
2. Clear roles
Teamwork involves uniting individual skill sets to achieve a common goal. Removing any ambiguity regarding each member’s role means that they are able to focus on their job. They can then contribute their increased experience and skill level to the team.
Rather than dividing the team, this will unite their efforts further. As the team progresses, mutual respect develops, and confidence increases in the ability to work together and accomplish their objectives.
As barriers break down trust develops. The team begins to function at a higher level and accomplish more than the sum of its parts.
3. Effective Communication
Communication is the lifeblood of the team process. Unfortunately, it breaks down because people assume things are understood, or that it is not necessary to say certain things. Just because something has been said, does not mean it is understood. Clear, effective communication allows people to overcome obstacles and personal differences by finding common solutions rather than ignoring issues.
The team leader should instill the value of communication and the need to build good communication habits consistently.
4. Measurable Processes and Outcomes
As the team works together, you want to make sure a flow is set up to communicate progress, bottlenecks and issues that compromises quality and outcomes. You want a system that allows everyone to learn from mistakes and to revise as they move forward.
The improved performance that this will provide contributes to group progression and enhances the team spirit.
5. Leadership
Leadership is not about being the boss, it is about taking the team in the right direction by means of example and inspiration. This requires you to communicate purpose and help everyone recognize the shared goals. This is accomplished through strategic communication and your presence where the work takes place.
Effective team leaders understand their destination. They then work with their team members to facilitate the team member’s progress. They take both a top-down approach and a bottom-up approach at the same time.
By doing this you will prioritize the greater good of the team. This, in turn, creates a productive team which reflects well on the leader in the long run.
Team Development for Morale and Momentum
If you are working in the healthcare sector, you will know just how important it is to care for the morale and momentum of your staff.
Use the strategies that we have discussed today. You may find that they increase your impact as a manager or team leader in moving toward your objectives.
If you are interested in learning more about team morale and how to improve it, then we are here to help. We leverage our experience in the workplace to provide guidance that genuinely helps individuals and groups. Schedule a complimentary consultation and let’s talk about how to develop your team!
Did you enjoy this post? Pin it so others can discover it too. | https://worksmartthinkdifferent.com/team-development-strategies |
GROUP EXTENSION APPROACH 10. Agricultural Extension Programs. Published online:. Agricultural Extension. NOTE: The Purdue University campus and the Purdue Pesticide Programs will be closed from Decem to Janu. Download citation.
Agricultural extension programs improve yields and incomes for farmers. The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension takes the science of the University to the people of Arizona through events, publications, classes, programs and one-on-one teaching. Extension & Value chain Development Manual | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project (KCSAP) extension and value chain development manual was prepared through a highly consultative and participatory process spearheaded by Dr G. Agricultural Extension is an on-going process that Communicate useful information to the people and assist them to use the information or technology to improve the quality of their life, their families and communities. Christenson, Director, Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, The University of Arizona. It is through this funding that the Team managed to work together and contributed very positively towards preparation of this manual which will be used for training Extension Staff and Farmers on the use of SRI technology for rice production in Tanzania. What is a sustainable agriculture manual?
The African Organic Agriculture Training Manual consists of several modules with materials for trainers and corresponding handouts for farmers. Agricultural extension professionals provide much of the educational training to farmers about new and existing agricultural and environmental practices. Training manuals are for individuals who are seeking to be certified by a agricultural extension training manual state or tribal agency to sell, use, or supervise the use of pesticides within that agency&39;s jurisdiction. ) Certification tests are based wholly or in part on the material presented within the. Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, Republic of Malawi().
Department of Agriculture, James A. training needs of agricultural extension agents in KP, Pakistan. Agricultural Commodity Exchange viii. The final product was compiled through an intensive, participatory production workshop. This manual helps trainers to teach Value Chain Thinking principles and decision-making processes, and provides a structure for participants to develop an Action Plan which draws together their skills in production, postharvest activities and Value Chain Thinking. Virginia Tech Pesticide Programs (VTPP) provide pesticide safety information, training, and educational resources to pesticide applicators, Extension agents, and the public. Grain Quality and Standards iv. However, average yields of maize have remained as low 2.
Bradfield in 1966 and later revised in 1969. To stimulate students interest and understanding about the concept and practice of extension and the need for extension in agricultural development 2. Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service Louisiana State University, Knapp Hall Baton Rouge, LA 70803. The materials are an intermediate step towards a comprehensive collection of training materials to promote organic and other sustainable farming practices in Africa. This agricultural training module aims to impart an understanding of the agricultural sector as a. Click for a hub of Extension resources related to the current COVID-19 situation. Staff will not be available during this period of time.
Trade Contracts vii. The entrepreneurship training presented in this manual is aimed at building the capacity of smallholder farmers in CA and AF thereby enhancing CGIAR’s Systems priority 3(Reducing rural poverty through agricultural diversification and emerging opportunities for high-value commodities and products) Priority 4 (Reducing extreme poverty and hunger) MDG 7 (Environmental sustainability and MDG 3 (Reducing the gender disparity). The University of Arizona is an equal opportunity, affi rmative action institution. What is agricultural extension program? Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service University of Kentucky S225, Agricultural Science Center-N Lexington, KY 40546. These agricultural workers are expected to travel extensively across their countries while ensuring they maintain consistent and high-quality work with limited training. With this in mind, the manual was written to be brief but comprehensive.
The ATI is the extension and training arm of the Philippine Department of Agriculture, mandated to train agricultural extension workers and their beneficiaries and lead in the delivery of e-extension services for agriculture and fisheries. For the purpose of this training module, agricultural extension is defined to include all forms of non-formal education, mainly for rural people—farmers and agribusiness operators—aimed at improving farming methods and techniques, increasing production efficiency and income, and enhancing quality of life in a sustainable way. Individuals seeking commercial applicator certification should fill out and submit an exam application form.
Christensen, Pesticide Applicator Training,. Extension workers are action-orientated rather than academic. · The practice of agricultural extension: A training manual, by T J Bembridge, DBSA, Halfway House, 1989.
Th is training manual is prepared for the Gewog level Government staff and farmer’s groups and cooperatives. Odweso with invariable inputs from Dr C. The field of &39;extension&39; now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organized for rural people by educators from different disciplines, including agriculture, agricultural marketing, health, and business studies. whole, as w ell as the potential linkages that can be created between poor farmers and the tourism. Unity ID login required. and training materials on sustainable agriculture. AgriLife Extension delivers research-based educational programs and solutions for all Texans.
Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and J, in cooperation with the U. (Requirements vary, so check with the appropriate state or tribal agency.
The study was based on both primary and secondary data. The pesticide applicator training manuals are self-study guides. The extension system adopts series of extension methods such as Training, demonstration, exposure visit to transfer the technologies from lab to land. All exams must be arranged with the Maine Board of Pesticides Control (BPC). Management of on farm stored grain. This manual is agricultural extension training manual a practical guide for extension workers in agriculture.
The aim is to continuously add new materials and further improve their content. Generally, agricultural extension can be defined as the “delivery of information inputs to farmers. The objectives of the course is: 1. Learn more by browsing our featured solutions and programs. · The African Organic Agriculture Training Manual consists of several modules with materials for trainers and corresponding handouts for farmers. Th e department of Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives of Bhutan has developed a capacity building plan to implement the Cooperative (Amendment) Act of Bhutan, and upgrading of Agriculture Marketing Services Division. What is ATI in agriculture? They are represented by.
This manual aims to provide guidance to extension workers in matters related to the setting up and conduct of Training of Trainers courses, as well as Farmer Field Schools, on alternative technologies to replace the use of methyl bromide as a soil. based agricultural extension programs. Agricultural Extension Methodology: A Reference Manual for Extension Agents was compiled as one of the need based activities identified and agreed upon in the PDM of ASAP. In the absence of such published material and organized training programs on the subject, this.
It contains simple, easy-to-follow chapters on the commonly used extension methods, and an outline of how extension may be planned and evaluated. They provide an opportunity for group based learning, can stimulate group development and co-operation between farmer s, and are a cost-effective means of delivering extension messages. . Storage and Pest Control agricultural extension training manual iii. Agricultural extension provides the bridge between the research stations and the farmers, carrying and bringing back knowledge based upon local experience for further investigation. Areas of agricultural extension training manual Training This manual will seek to provide information on the following areas of training: i. Africa Agricultural Productivity Programme (EAAPP).
Good Worker Health and Hygiene Practices: Training Manual for Produce Handlers Intended for use by growers in designing a training for their employees who handle fresh produce. This book is a practical guide for extension workers in agriculture. Malawi climate smart agriculture training manual for frontline agricultural extension staff. What is organic agriculture training? Cooperative Extension agents can use the curriculum to train growers to minimize fresh produce safety risks. The manual provides an overview of selected problems and issues in sustainable agriculture in Eastern and Southern Africa, and the various attempts by individuals, communities. . In this new edition we have largely kept to the basic structure and broad content outline of Bradfield&39;s 1969 revision, except for a completely new first chapter.
Swanson and Claar, 1984. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. This Guide to Extension Training is a new edition of a text which was orig inally written by D. MATERIALS AND METHODS Agriculture Officers (AOs) of Agricultural Extension Department were the universe of the study. Educating farmers within the agricultural innovation system requires the extension professional to be well equipped to provide programming that meets the needs of the learner, facilitates behaviour change and ultimately leads to the adoption of innovations.
Manual production The manual is a product of more than a year of intensive consultations with experts from various institutions. Our mission is to minimize the human health and environmental impacts associated with improper handling and application of pesticides. agricultural extension processes and demand for services”. Allow yourself adequate time to read and understand the material before you take an exam. 0 INTRODUCTION Group extension events happen when extension staff work with several farmers at the same time and place.
Extension practitioners can be found throughout the world, usually working for government agencies. The overall administration and technical management was guided by a. 7 The Adoption Process(AKAP sequence) A Farmer awareness ; K Farmer knowledge. | http://lcgn.repinospb.ru/95282891 |
Physical health issues can be caused by stress.
Posted Jun 29, 2018
Some of the physical symptoms of stress are temporary and are related to over arousal. These include rapid heartbeat and heart palpitations, elevated blood pressure, cold or sweaty hands and feet, dry mouth, headaches, upset stomach, chest pain and shortness of breath. However, there are more chronic health issues that can be created by stress.
Musculosketal problems include symptoms such as back pain, jaw pain from clenched jaws and teeth grinding, and muscle tension that can lead to muscle, tendon and ligament problems. Headaches are a common response to stress and are often called ‘tension headaches’ because they are related to muscle tension. In more severe cases, this can lead to migraines. Other physical expressions of muscular tension include stiffness in the jaw and grinding teeth, which often happens as we sleep and can lead to irreversible tooth damage.
Most of us are familiar with that uncomfortable feeling in the pit of our stomach before a public performance or when we have a difficult or important conversation. This feeling can cause us to perform at a high level. But if that stress if chronic and we have that feeling for hours we may experience gastrointestinal symptoms that include heartburn, acid reflux, ulcers, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence or irritable bowel syndrome.
A common response to stress occurs in the respiratory system which causes us to breathe harder and faster. The latter can lead to hyperventilation which can lead to panic attacks in some people. Stress can also exacerbate asthma and trigger asthma attacks. This is why breathing exercises are so essential as a coping mechanism, because it gives our bodies the oxygen we need and calms us down.
A lot of the responses described above are related to changes that take place in the endocrine system, which regulates the release of stress hormones like cortisol, adrenaline and epinephrine. Adrenalin and epinephrine are directly related to the flight or fight response and gives our bodies the energy to flee. The release of cortisol and epinephrine causes the liver to produce more glucose which also gives us the energy to flee. If we don’t flee then our bodies absorb the extra sugar but in people who are at risk of Type 2 diabetes, the extra sugar may cause diabetes. Sweating is also a common response to stress, so much so that many commercials for anti-perspirants and deodorants feature someone experiencing stress who doesn’t show it because they are wearing some product or other.
The stress hormones of adrenaline, cortisol and noradrenaline also impact the function of the cardiovascular system by triggering rapid heart beat and stronger contractions of the heart. These hormones also cause the veins that service the heart to dilate which increases blood flow to the heart and elevates blood pressure. This is part of the fight or flight response.
The reproductive systems of both men and women can be impacted by stress. In men, too much cortisol can impact testosterone functioning and may cause impotence or erectile dysfunction. In women high levels of stress can cause painful or irregular menstrual cycles, either lengthening or shortening the cycle or stop menstruation altogether. Premenstrual symptoms can also worsen or be more difficult to cope with. If a woman is experiencing menopause and is susceptible to hot flashes, these may occur more frequently and be more intense or severe. As in men, women may also have a reduction in sexual desire in response to stress.
Stress impacts on the nervous system are connected to the preparation of the body to fight or flee and over time it is not necessarily the nervous system that feels the impact but what the constant stimulation of the nervous system can do to the body.
As articulated above the impacts of stress on health is significant, and if you are already dealing with physical or mental illnesses, stress can exacerbate your symptoms and make it more challenging to recover. So it is important to take steps to reduce the stress in your life, and build emotional resilience and coping strategies. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/culture-in-mind/201806/stress-and-the-body |
Sheeva Mostoufi, Ph.D. is a Licensed Psychologist in Maryland. She earned her doctorate in clinical psychology from the San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program. She completed her predoctoral internship and postdoctoral fellowship training at the Veteran Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System – Seattle division specializing in primary care mental health integration as a fellow. Her clinical training and research has focused primarily on the co-occurrence of various emotional and behavioral concerns with chronic health conditions. She currently works in a private practice setting specializing in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), trichotillomania, posttraumatic stress disorder, Tourette Syndrome, a range of anxiety disorders, depression, and other emotional difficulties, as well as coping with co-occurring health-related concerns such as fibromyalgia, insomnia, and chronic pain. She additionally has specialized training and experience in providing exposure therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and mindfulness-based interventions. Her immigrant background has fueled a strong passion in the promotion of multiculturally competent services that are easily accessible to all. She is very excited to serve and collaborate with the Society of Psychotherapy as the Diversity committee chair.
by Manijeh Badiee, Ph.D. and Sheeva Mostoufi, Ph.D.Apr 15, 2019
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Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. | https://societyforpsychotherapy.org/author/SheevaMostoufi/ |
precipitation is the primary factor that controls the hydrologic cycle. It takes different forms, such as rain, snow, hail, sleet, drizzle, dew, and fog. It supplies most of the fresh water on the Earth. Most precipitation starts from space as snow, as the upper space is cooler. If the temperature of the surface closer to the ground is below 32 degrees F (0 degrees C), then the precipitation falls on the ground in the form of snow. If the ground and closer surface temperature is above 32 degrees F (0 degrees C), the precipitation takes the form of rain. When the air at the ground is below freezing, the raindrops can freeze while heating the ground, and that is known as freezing rain. When a dust particle in the atmosphere attracts a moisture drop, hail is formed. Drizzle consists of very small raindrops, 1/1000 of a normal raindrop size. Sleet is a type of precipitation between rain and snow, but very distinct from hail. Dew is another form of precipitation that can be seen in the early morning on colder days. Water vapor in the atmosphere condenses on the surface of exposed objects at a greater rate than that at which it can evaporate, developing dew. Fog as such is not precipitation, but is considered one because of its low-altitude occurrence. This consists of a cloud in contact with the ground, and produces water droplets when intercepted with vegetation or other exposed objects. If the precipitation evaporates before reaching the ground, it is then known as virga.
The 1996 Hurricane Fran, shown in a weather sattelite image, caused about $5 billion in damages in North Carolina alone. Greater precipitation, including hurricanes, typhoons, ocean depressions, and floods, are being experienced globally. | https://www.climate-policy-watcher.org/global-climate-2/precipitation.html |
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An atomic number is the number given to an element indicating not only its position on the periodic table, but also the number of protons contained by one atom of the element. For example, Oxygen has the atomic number 8, indicating that it has 8 protons.
The atomic number can be obtained by simply looking at an elements entry on the periodic table, since it is the number above and to the left of the atomic symbol on a standard periodic table.
Its symbol is , and a proton's is . | https://chemistry.fandom.com/wiki/Atomic_number |
So let's start today's tutorial! It involves one of my favorite techniques - ink blending!
You could use any ink for this project, but I wanted the colors to show through each other and blend to create depth, so I chose Distress Ink in the colors Spun Sugar, Worn Lipstick, and Abandoned Coral!
This card relies heavily on masking - another favorite technique! My idea was to mask off parts of the card in rectangles and squares and build a whole background. I used some paper medical tape to mask off the first portion of my card in the shape of a square.
I started with Spun Sugar - my lightest color and filled in the large square and continued masking off different areas of my card and blending ink over the tape.
My second color was Worn Lipstick. You can see here that I tore my cardstock while I pulled off my tape. I got a little too rambunctious and peeled too quickly! You better believe I'm not scrapping this piece, though! I will find a way to cover it up!
I finished up my panel with a few areas of Abandoned Coral!
I stamped my sentiment from the Wishful Thoughts stamp set with black glitter embossing powder. Looking back, I wish I had used a plain black ink.
I positioned my image from the Ladybug Garden stamp set to cover up my torn cardstock. Originally I had planned to place my image more toward the center, but when things happen you just have to roll with it! I had my card ready to go...and at the last minute I decided to cut out my panel with a scallop rectangle from the Fancy Frames die set and pop it up on my card base! And that finishes my card! Thanks for joining me! | https://www.lynneahollendonner.com/2018/05/hello-i-have-clean-and-simple-card.html |
I am an experienced Psychotherapist and Clinical Supervisor, offering both short and long term therapy, as well as one-off consultations, depending on your needs and reasons for coming to therapy. I provide a confidential and non-judgemental environment within which you can begin to explore and make sense of what is troubling you.
You may be feeling overwhelmed or frustrated and angry about not being able to make sense of your actions or choices. Perhaps you are driven to repeat patterns that cause you distress and pain in relationships. You might not even be sure how to best describe the way you feel, or find it difficult to trust that someone else will understand you. Whatever the issue, talking freely about what is on your mind to a therapist whom you feel you can trust, can give you comfort, clarity, a deeper understanding of yourself, and a renewed sense of purpose.
Therapy is an individual process, so there are no one-size-fits-all answers or solutions. It is about you and me working together to explore what is below the surface, in order to get to the root of the problem. Over the course of your sessions, you will become increasingly aware of unconscious thoughts and feelings that might be driving unhelpful behaviours or adding to your distress. You will be able to make links between seemingly unrelated thoughts, feelings and experiences, resulting in a balanced, wholesome and meaningful way of experiencing your self and others.
- MSc in Psychodynamic Counselling and Psychotherapy, University of London
- Certificate in Clinical Supervision Skills, Approved by the British Psychological Society (BPS)
Over the years, I have also undertaken regular Continuous Professional Development Courses in different therapeutic approaches and contemporary ways of looking at anxiety, depression and trauma.
I believe in drawing on a combination of therapeutic approaches depending on my clients' individual needs and reasons for coming to therapy, and I work both on a short term and a long term basis to suit my clients' needs and circumstances.
I have worked for a number of Government Organisations, the NHS, and Charities, such as Mind, where I have gained experience in working with people from all walks of life presenting a wide range of issues. Before training as a therapist, I worked as a tutor for children with behavioural difficulties, as well as a senior manager in the music industry.
I am particularly interested and experienced in the following areas:
Depression and low self esteem
General anxiety and stress
Work related stress
Traumatic experiences, bereavement and other life crises
Addiction
Relationship issues - separation, divorce, affairs/infidelity
Sexual and/or body image difficulties
Loss of focus, direction or identity
Unexplained physical symptoms (psychosomatic symptoms)
My first language is English, but I also speak Greek to an advanced level and always welcome Greek speaking clients.
I am a member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and I adhere to their ethical framework of good practice.
MAKING CONTACT
It is only natural that you may like to know more about how I work and get a sense of whether we could work together, before booking an initial meeting. You may even have questions or concerns about therapy that you would like to address before deciding if therapy is for you.
When you first contact me we will have a brief telephone conversation about what brings you to therapy. If you decide to come and see me, the next step would be for us to meet for an initial consultation to talk about the issues that you are seeking help with in more detail, and look into how I could help you. The initial meeting is also an opportunity for you to ask any questions that you might have and get a sense of whether you feel we could work together.
Whether you would like more information about therapy or how I work, or would like to book an initial meeting, I would be happy to hear from you. | https://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/counsellors/george-stergiou |
The very first kinds of questions you would like to have the ability to answer with the above information is if you’re supplied a complete chemical equation. Under each particular notion, you will see links to in-depth tutorials that will allow you to learn and review the material. https://24writer.com/writing-contest Practice exercises are given with their answers so the patterns can be utilized in problem solving. If then Calculator Tips People often secure incorrect answers simply from a mistake in how they enter numbers in their calculator.
For the 2 sides to be balanced, we have to put slightly more mass on the left side till they are the identical mass. These are guys which are likely to react together. You know, fun things like making certain that you have the negative in the correct place and remembering when you’ve got to locate the frequent denominator of your fractions. Take a look at this page for many of your acid-base reaction requirements.
https://www.gcu.edu/college-of-education/education-research.php
On the flip side, if you take salt crystals and dissolve them in water, it’s very hard to tell you have more than 1 substance present just by lookingeven if you take advantage of a highly effective microscope. Orbiting this nucleus you’ll find the electron cloud. Generally, these bases are made with the addition of pure alkali metals like sodium into the conjugate acid. In the middle of an atom lies an assortment of protons and neutrons.
The Characteristics of Basic Chemistry Equations
This process is often referred to as burning. Frequently, these are not easy to balance. The main reason for this is to create the expression dimensionally accurate. Once you comprehend the idea, you’ll be surprised by how simple balancing will become for you. This is just the definition of weight.
The Foolproof Basic Chemistry Equations Strategy
To balance the chemical equation above, we have to use coefficients. This isn’t a textbook, but there’s a way the best persuasive speech to balance just about any chemical equation algebraically. Let’s look at a couple more example equations and techniques that could be employed to balance each one. Our very first step is to substitute that which we know in the equation. With many chemical equations you’ll be able to break them down by the kind of chemical equation. It’s used when the chemical equation isn’t simple to inspect.
The Nuiances of Basic Chemistry Equations
A practical application of chemistry is important to fully appreciating the training course. If you need assistance with the math component of chemistry, you have arrived at the correct location. Stoichiometry Stoichiometry is just the math behind chemistry. If you adore chemistry similar to me, you most likely want to learn as much about it as possible. It’s also referred to as The Chemistry of Life.
This leads to the chemical to be more acidic and have a reduce pH. This is important to understand because it makes it possible for us to predict how one substance may react with different substances. The hydroxide ion that’s produced as a consequence of the above mentioned reaction makes the solution slightly basic. Learn about such factors and the way to compute the speed at which a reaction can happen. As a consequence, the chemical equation that shows the chemical reaction should be balanced. This reaction isn’t balanced. It is a process in which the identity of at least one substance changes.
In some highly intricate chemical reactions, you might even have a set of equations for chemical reactions that have to be achieved in a specific purchase. These are crucial kind of reactions which occur in biological systems. Besides this, chemical equations want to get balanced even because chemicals don’t react till you have added the right mole rations. Often an important classification is based on whether the reaction involves oxidation-reduction.
Ok, I Think I Understand Basic Chemistry Equations, Now Tell Me About Basic Chemistry Equations!
Both reactants are elements and there is just 1 product formed. The LHS is composed of the reactants and the RHS is composed of the goods. We want to create use of some other coefficient before H2. It’s the coefficient put in the front of the reactants and products which balance the chemical elements of an equation, and you are going to learn how to balance chemical equations using coefficients in another lesson.
The end result should stay a pure number. I will attempt to contact you whenever possible. Most probably you will require the periodic table connection. Solve for the remainder of the variables.
- Expired? | http://www.dealtiles.com/2019/11/27/details-basic-chemistry-equations/ |
Image compression - Fourier transforms
We've seen how to apply coordinate transformations to change to a more suitable color space. In this section we'll get to know another family of linear transformations that are extremely useful, not only for compression of data, but in many fields of mathematics, physics and engineering. There's tons of material on the subject online (you could start for instance from here), so I will try to keep things short. In particular I'll focus exclusively on the discreet Fourier transform (DFT) and its relatives.
DFT
Given a vector f with N components we have seen that an invertible N x N matrix can be used to change to a different coordinate system.
In the new system the coordinates are given by
F = A*f
To get back one uses the inverse map
f = inv(A)*F
The transformation known as discrete Fourier transform has a matrix A with the k'th row and j'th column given by
A(k,j) = exp( -2i * π * (k-1) * (j-1) / N)
There are various other conventions on the market, but this is the one that is also used by MATLAB's built in functions. A typical vector to apply the transformation to could be for instance one row of one channel of an image. The components of the transformed vector F can be interpreted as frequencies. Often the frequency spectrum is concentrated around 0 and one can discard high frequencies in order to save storage space. This is demonstrated in the following example
% dft1.m dat = imread('test_image.tif'); f = double(dat(50,:,1)).'; % example data: 50th row of red channel N=length(dat); for k=1:N, for j=1:N, A(k,j) = exp(-2i*pi*(k-1)*(j-1)/N); end end F = A*f; subplot(3,1,1); plot(f,'k-'); xlabel('j'); ylabel('Intensity'); title('original data'); subplot(3,1,2); plot(real(F),'k-'); axis([0 800 -1e4 1e4]); hold on; plot(imag(F),'r-'); xlabel('k'); ylabel('F'); title('Fourier transformed data'); max(inv(A)*F - f) % indeed, it is the inverse... max(F - fft(f)) % indeed, the conventions equal MATLAB's F(100:700)=0; % Throw away high frequency information subplot(3,1,3); fnew = real(inv(A)*F); plot(fnew,'k-'); xlabel('j'); ylabel('Intensity'); title('reconstructed from 200 low frequency modes');
The output:
OK, the DFT and its inverse clearly work and agree with MATLAB's. Most of the frequency spectrum is contained between k=1..100 (values 700..800 are known due to symmetries, discussed in a sek). Throwing away the higher frequencies before performing the inverse transform, results in a good approximation to the original data. Typical artifacts are visible in constant areas and whenever high slopes or sharp edges occur. Some further remarks are in order
- The Fourier transoform is complex, so, for real input the data has apparently doubled.
However it looks symmetric. That's because for real vectors f the relation
conj(F(k)) = F(N-k+2)
holds (for components k=2...N/2). The k=1 component is real, so altogether there are only N independent components in the transformed vector.
- A matrix-vector multiplication takes ∝N^2 operations. A clever algorithm, called fast Fourier transform, or FFT, performs this particular matrix-vector multiplication in ∝N log(N) operations. MATLAB/octave provide the built-in functions fft and the inverse ifft.
- To perform a two dimensional Fourier transform, one can first transform all rows, and then all columns. The total number of operations is ∝ 2*N^3 or, using fast Fourier transform (fft2, ifft2) ∝ 2*N^2*log(N).
- The original data was an 8 bit integer per component. Now we have a 128 bit complex number per component. Can this be reduced?
- Is there a more subtle possibility of compression than simply cutting away the high frequencies?
The answer the last two points is "yes". A transformation related to the DFT will help us getting rid of the imaginary parts, and a possible compression that does not simply cut away high frequencies consists in dividing a given frequency by some constant and rounding to the next integer. Details will follow.
Discrete cosine transform
A transformation particularly suited for real inputs is the cosine transform. The transformed vector
F remains real. The transformation matrix is given by
A(k,j) = w(k) * cos( π * (k-1) * (j-1/2) / N)
with w(1) = sqrt(1/N) and w(2..N) = sqrt(2/N). In practice the matrix does not need to be constructed, but it is necessary to know the inverse
A-1(k,j)= w(j) * cos( π * (j-1) * (k-1/2) / N).
MATLAB provides two dimensional discrete cosine transforms with its image processing toolbox (dct2, idct2). The implementation uses FFT algorithms and a relation between DFTs and cosine transforms to carry out the transformation. For readers without the toolbox, and for pedagogical reasons, here a much slower, but simpler implementation:
% dct2.m % discrete cosine transform in 2d % (painfully slow) function F = dct2(f) [m,n] = size(f); F = zeros(m,n); % transform rows k=(2*[1:n]-1)*pi/n/2; w=[sqrt(0.5); ones(n-1,1)]*sqrt(2/n); for ml=1:m for nl=1:n F(ml,nl) = w(nl) * sum( f(ml,:) .* cos(k.*(nl-1)) ); end end % transform columns f=F; k=(2*[1:m]'-1)*pi/m/2; w=[sqrt(0.5); ones(m-1,1)]*sqrt(2/m); for nl=1:n for ml=1:m F(ml,nl) = w(ml) * sum( f(:,nl) .* cos(k.*(ml-1)) ); end end
The code for the inverse transform is almost identical: idct2.m. A quick test confirms that it really is the inverse (to machine precision):
>> dat = rand(5,7); >> max(max(idct2(dct2(dat))-dat)) ans = 3.3307e-16
Quantization
The cosine transform leaves us with an array of double precision numbers. When these are rounded to
the next integer in order to save some space, some information is lost. One can go further and divide the number
by some integer before rounding. This is called quantization. For instance, if the quantization number is 16 and the
data point 1234.56, we would have to store:
round(1234.56/16) = 77
To recover the original value we just multiply by the quantization number
77 * 16 = 1232
Obviously some detail is lost. The bigger the quantization number, the further from the original we can end up. It turns out that in typical images it is more difficult to spot the resulting artifacts for high frequencies than for low ones. A natural consequence is to use a quantization matrix Q, and round the cosine transformed image F according to
W = round(W./Q)
The entries in Q corresponding to small frequencies (upper left corner) would have to be smaller than the ones corresponding to large ones. The last problem: Q is as large as the original image, so the data has doubled. JPEG's solution is to divide the original image into blocks of size 8x8 and treat all of them separately. Each block is cosine transformed and subsequently quantized. Only one quantization matrix of size 8x8 is needed in the whole procedure. How the method works, and what the typical artifacts are is demonstrated in the following code:
% dct_demo.m dat = imread('test_image.tif'); [m,n] = size(dat(:,:,1)); m = floor(m/8)*8; % to make things easier: make dimensions multiples of 8 n = floor(n/8)*8; r = dat(1:m,1:n,1); g = dat(1:m,1:n,2); b = dat(1:m,1:n,3); Y = uint8( 0.299 *r + 0.587 *g + 0.114 *b); figure(); imagesc(Y); title('original'); colormap(gray); imwrite(Y,'original_bw.tif','TIFF','Compression','none'); % quantization matrix Q = [16 11 10 16 24 40 51 61; ... 12 12 14 19 26 58 60 55; ... 14 13 16 24 40 57 69 56; ... 14 17 22 29 51 87 80 62; ... 18 22 37 56 68 109 103 77; ... 24 35 55 64 81 104 113 92; ... 49 64 78 87 103 121 120 101; ... 72 92 95 98 112 100 103 99]; Ytransformed = zeros(m,n); % loop over 8x8 blocks for bx = 1:m/8 for by = 1:n/8 block = double(Y(bx*8-7:bx*8, by*8-7:by*8))-128; % get block, and shift it block = dct2(block); % discrete cosine transform block = round(block ./ Q); % quantization Ytransformed(bx*8-7:bx*8, by*8-7:by*8) = block; end end clear r g b Y Y = uint8(zeros(m,n)); % reconstruct Y channel for bx = 1:m/8 for by = 1:n/8 block = Ytransformed(bx*8-7:bx*8, by*8-7:by*8); % get block block = block.*Q; % dequantization block = idct2(block); % inverse discrete cosine transform block = uint8(block + 128); % shift Y(bx*8-7:bx*8, by*8-7:by*8) = block; end end figure(); imagesc(Y); title('reconstructed'); colormap(gray); imwrite(Y,'reconstructed_bw.tif','TIFF','Compression','none');
For simplicity the code works just on the luma channel of our test image where γ=1 was (wrongly) assumed.
The image is subdivided into blocks of 8 x 8 pixels. Each block is cosine-transformed and quantized.
The process is then inverted and the original image (original_bw.tif) as well as
the reconstructed one (reconstructed_bw.tif) are saved for later
comparison.
The quantization is the main cause of compression artifacts. If we compare crops from the original (upper) and the reconstructed (lower) image carefully, we quickly find artifacts that are typical for the JPEG compression.
So far we've seen what we have lost, but where is the gain? The original matrix (Y in the code) has the same size as
the transformed and quantized one (Ytransformed), so where is the compression?
- The compression is just about to happen! If we count the occurrences of different integers in Ytransformed, we see that 93.7% of the entries are zeros. Another 1.3% are ones and only the remaining few have higher values. A very popular lossless compression algorithm takes advantage of this imbalance. It is described in some detail in the following section on Huffman coding, which is also the last technical part of this JPEG compression tutorial. | http://shmo.de/mlab/fourier.html |
The Standard American Diet, with its excess added sugars, saturated fat, and processed foods, is generally not the most well-rounded eating pattern. Data suggests adults and children in the United States eat far fewer fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and dairy products than recommended, and exceed the recommended intake of solid fat and added sugar.1
While each of us has varying nutrient needs depending on gender, age, health status, activity, and a host of other factors, current data suggests despite these variables. Most Americans are not meeting their recommended nutrient intakes.
Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are broad food groups, each of which contains unique nutrients. For example, dairy products are known for their calcium and vitamin D content, whole grains are rich in B vitamins, and produce is a good source of vitamin C and other antioxidants.
Nutrient deficiencies are likely to develop when recommended servings of these foods are not met and are replaced with less nutritious options. A single nutrient deficiency may not seem like a big deal, but not getting enough of an individual nutrient can significantly impact the body and even lead to other nutrient deficiencies and diseases. | https://melissarifkinnutrition.com/blog/ |
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Our decisions — whether they concern which products to buy, which ballot measure to support or which candidate to vote for — are only as good as the information we use to inform them.
This past week, Jan. 27-31, was declared as National News Literacy Week by the News Literacy Project. The goal is to raise awareness of news literacy as a fundamental life skill and to promote the tools and information people need to become fully news-literate.
Lisa Cutter
As a former communications professional and current lawmaker who has championed and advocated the concept of media literacy in both roles, I applaud this effort.
I believe deeply in the power of communications to change the world. Over the past several years, I have been alarmed by the amount of false information that is spread online unchecked, and the enormous effect that it can have, particularly on elections and public discourse.
In a free society, there is much to disagree on, but let’s not disagree on information that is without merit. Fostering a society that is media literate will help promote more robust and productive civil discourse — which is one of the foundations of our democracy, after all. But we all have trouble knowing what and who to believe, and letting our own bias inform us.
Add to the picture the erosion of local media outlets and shrinking newsrooms across the country, coupled with the proliferation of social media and the ease with which someone can falsely, but convincingly, pass themselves off as an objective news outlet online, and the result is an all-time low in trust in media in America.
The hyperpolarized politics of our time have sent people on all sides of the political corners off into their corners, trusting only outlets they agree with and doubting objective reporting.
I do not equivocate in suggesting this to be full-blown public crisis. The fourth estate keeps governments and institutions honest. They ask difficult questions and uncover truths that the public deserves to know. The media is, without a doubt, the cornerstone of democracy.
The role of the media in shining light in the dark places, and holding those in power accountable, has been a foundational pillar of American democracy since the dawn of our Republic.
Before the colonies declared their independence from the monarchy, the British government attempted to prevent newspapers from publishing stories and opinion pieces unfavorable to them and their rule.
As a result, the founding fathers enshrined freedom of the press in the very first Amendment to the United States Constitution. James Madison and George Mason, in drafting the 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights, called freedom of the press “one of the great bulwarks of liberty.”
But we don’t have to go as far back as the 18th century to understand the importance of a free and robust press. The Watergate scandal, the Pentagon Papers and the Catholic priest sex abuse scandal are just a few of the high-profile examples of how dedicated journalists shined a light on consequential issues that can change, and even save, lives.
So what can we do to maintain a free, open and trusted press in our country? Well, to begin with — we can teach and focus on news media literacy.
News literacy is understanding the difference between fact and opinion, and knowing how to identify credible media sources and use critical thinking skills in evaluating information that is presented as news.
This is why last year I sponsored and passed a new law to create the media literacy advisory committee within the Colorado Department of Education, which recently delivered a report to the legislature with recommendations for implementing media literacy in elementary and secondary education.
Along with colleague Rep. Barbara McLachlan, I will sponsor the legislation this year to incorporate these recommendations into Colorado’s Academic Standards.
A recent academic study shows that 82% of middle school students could not distinguish the difference between real news stories and advertisements.
Colorado’s students are facing the largest and most complex information landscape in human history and it’s crucial that we provide educators with the tools necessary to help our youth better understand the world around them.
This is not about steering a student in a particular ideological direction, but rather giving them the tools to evaluate all information critically, then formulate their own opinions about the facts and information presented.
In the meantime, we can all take responsibility analyze our own role by striving to understand the role that confirmation bias, stereotyping and other cognitive biases play into how we interpret news, events and information.
We can consider the responsibility that we have as citizens in a democracy to act as a watchdog of truth, and we can develop and share strategies for verifying news and information.
When outlets like The Colorado Sun use media literacy tools like Civil’s Credibility Indicators, they make it even easier for citizens to perform our civic duty and protect the role of accurate media in our democracy. Information is power. For the sake of our democracy, let’s take back our power.
Rep. Lisa Cutter is a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 25th district in Jefferson County and is co-prime sponsor of HB19-1269.
This reporting is made possible by our members. You can directly support independent watchdog journalism in Colorado for as little as $5 a month. Start here: coloradosun.com/join | |
Russian-born Chicago-based cellist, composer and multilingual vocalist Ian Maksin, known for pushing boundaries of the cello well beyond its known scope and blending many genres together, is releasing a new album of all original instrumental music for cello. The album will include 9 tracks scored for multiple cellos, some with addition of percussion.
According to Ian Maksin himself: “SEMPRE (Italian for always or forever) - a new dimension of infinity. I heard the cello for the first time when I was five years old. I closed my eyes and instantly got transported into an entirely new dimension where there was neither time nor space. I became overwhelmed with emotion of happiness to the point I wanted to cry. It felt like the sound was coming from deep inside human soul rather than a wooden box. I could no longer imagine my life without the cello. It was then when began my musical journey which is going on already more than thirty years. At some point I began to realize that my own music became the same kind of magic and healing force for a great number of people regardless of their race, religion or age. It became clear to me that music is one of very few things given to us that can bring us together, comfort, and inspire us to become kinder. | https://www.oldtownschool.org/concerts/2019/11-23-2019-ian-maksin/ |
Part two of a very short “FF2 happy happy joy joy” series, of which part one is right here.
I’m sort of an intermediate customizer–I tend not to use a lot of special hotshot browser addons, etc., so I don’t usually mess with options too much. (OK, except for insisting that pages use my choice of font; I just get so tired of the dreary typefaces that dominate the web).
But with FF2, since the one-click feed subscribe (with Bloglines or your favorite reader–ah, and there’s the real-time spellcheck kicking in, not liking either “Bloglines” or “spellcheck”), I’d already customized the toolbars somewhat–moving the web-search box down to the bookmarks toolbar (along with Gmail, form-fill, search highlight toggle, spellcheck, Google info, and–until I deleted it–the now redundant “Sub with Bloglines”) so that the location bar was wider (I’d already moved PageRank to the navigation toolbar). With the search box more visible, I figured I’d use it more–and that meant customizing the dropdown list.
So here’s my list, after two minutes’ work:
The big four:
- Yahoo!
- Ask
- Live Search (formerly MSN Search)
–and I note that FF still calls Ask “AskJeeves,” which is quaint.
Then:
- Answers.com, which I have yet to try
- Wikipedia (of course I use Wikipedia)
- Worldcat.org
- IMDB
- Creative Commons
- Amazon.
The last two are part of the default list (as is Answers.com–but, curiously, not Ask or Live Search). It’s trivially easy to add a site, assuming the creators want it to be added.
I do try to rotate web searches among the big four. I’m hearing that Live Search (vastly improved over MSN Search) is getting “newer” content (but haven’t attempted to prove that). I like Ask for answering questions directly and for a number of other features. Yahoo! and Google are, of course, Yahoo! and Google, and pretty competitive.
Sure I use Wikipedia. Why wouldn’t I? Not as a definitive answer, but as a great starting point, taken with a couple bushels of salt depending on the topic.
One mild annoyance/curiosity: If I’ve used
Google as the search engine[apparently, any search engine in the dropdown, since it just happened with Worldcat.org], then go to Gmail, Gmail seems to assume that I want to search my mail archive with the
So what’s on your search dropdown? Do you send all your searches to one engine? Have you tried Yahoo! or Live Search lately? (Or Ask, but Sarah Houghton-Jan has already–and correctly–noted that you really should give it a try, and I assume you take her more seriously than you do me.)
Here’s a question: What’s the fifth-place open web search engine? | https://walt.lishost.org/2006/10/whats-on-your-firefox-search-dropdown/ |
Underwater noise can affect the hearing and behavior of marine mammals, as shown in previous research studies (Finneran, 2015). Very loud sounds, such as pile driving, air guns, and military sonars have been shown to inflict hearing loss in marine mammals. As a result, there are regulations in place in many countries limiting noise exposure that may cause a temporary threshold shift (TTS) in marine life, specifically, porpoises and seals. Unfortunately, the most recent guidelines are from 2015 and need updating.
Researchers in Denmark compiled data on TTS onset thresholds (the sound-exposure level required to induce 6 dB of TTS) from the literature. They note that a substantial number of studies of TTS in porpoises and seals have been conducted in recent years and, thus, a large body of empirical data has become available since 2015. The authors also note that there is “substantial interest” from regulatory bodies and other stakeholders regarding the estimated thresholds for TTS onset, as these form the basis of legislation and regulation of noise-generating activities in many countries.
The review of new experimental data for porpoises and seals showed significant discrepancies between newer data and the existing TTS onset thresholds for both mammals. However, the authors reported that the TTS onset thresholds that are currently being used are still conservative enough to protect the hearing of our marine friends from the noise of pile drivers, seismic air guns, and military low- and mid- frequency sonars. Finally, the authors report substantial uncertainties remain regarding the impact of low-frequency noise exposure for seals and high-frequency noise exposure for porpoises and strongly encourage new experiments.
References
Finneran JJ. (2015) Noise-induced hearing loss in marine mammals: a review of temporary threshold shift studies from 1996 to 2015. J Acoust Soc Am 138(3):1702–1726.
Tougaard J, Beedholm K, Madsen PT. (2022) Thresholds for noise-induced hearing loss in harbor porpoises and phocid seals. J Acoust Soc Am 151(6):4252–4263. | https://staging.audiology.org/whats-too-loud-for-our-marine-mammalian-friends/ |
Sometimes the best man is the one you least expect
Faith Holland left her hometown after being jilted at the altar. Now a little older and wiser, she’s ready to return to the Blue Heron Winery, her family’s vineyard, to confront the ghosts of her past, and maybe enjoy a glass of red. After all, there’s some great scenery there .
Like Levi Cooper, the local police chief—and best friend of her former fiancé. There’s a lot about Levi that Faith never noticed, and it’s not just those deep green eyes. The only catch is she’s having a hard time forgetting that he helped ruin her wedding all those years ago. If she can find a minute amidst all her family drama to stop and smell the rosé, she just might find a reason to stay at Blue Heron, and finish that walk down the aisle. (Goodreads)
In honor of the Romance Writers of America (RWA 2013) 33rd Annual Conference being held in Atlanta, Georgia next week (July 17-20), I decided to write a book review from one of my favorite Romance authors, Kristan Higgins. She has about twelve books published and I have devoured five. They are all different in story plots and characters (no series here-maybe a few reoccurring faces) but all guarantee to whisk you away to a part of America with beautiful landscapes, well-developed characters, quirky friends and families, a touch of heartache and a simmering, building romance.
“Maybe love isn’t just a bouquet of roses once in a while. Maybe it’s just sticking it out, when it’s hard, when you’re mad, when you’re tired.”
The Best Man is her most recent endeavor and probably my favorite to date. Well, Chief Levi Cooper might have had something to do with it. But anyway….Until There was You was my first Kristan Higgins book, and I enjoyed it so much that I wanted to see if her others would be as good. They are.
After reading some very heavy books that create emotional exhaustion, I turn to Higgins for a lighter read. That in no way means fluffy or “less of a book” to me. She is an excellent writer who can easily transport the reader to a small town (this one-the beautiful Finger Lakes) and make you feel as if you are part of the cast. The well-developed, zany sub-characters and dysfunctional, family dynamics are always a favorite of mine. I always look forward to the new people I will meet when I open one of her books.
Higgins also adds elements of drama realistically without going over the top. Just enough to have you rooting for the characters to “heal” and pull on your heart strings a bit. The humor and embarrassing scenes she creates give the characters a humility in a relatable way: the string of bad dates for Faith, the wardrobe malfunction (kill me now), the forever bickering grandparents, her sister’s crazy sexcapades, finding her Dad a new wife…just to name a few.
The Best Man is a perfect summer read. Or beach read. An “in-between darker stories” book. Perfect to curl up with on a rainy day with a cup of coffee or tea. Actually, great with a glass of wine and some snacks. When you need a good laugh and a simmering romance kind of book. Or when you are reminiscing about…oh, just pick it up already!
Learn more about Kristan Higgins here at: http://www.kristanhiggins.com/ or
here at her blog: http://kristanhiggins.com/blog/ which has the tagline:
“real life, true love & lots of laughs” <–that should have just been the review. | https://thedailydosage.com/2013/07/11/book-review-the-best-man-by-kristan-higgins/ |
OGDEN, Utah, March 11, 2019 (Gephardt Daily) — The Pulitzer Prize committee described one of its 2016 drama finalists, playwright Branden Jacobs-Jenkins’ “Gloria,” as “A play of wit and irony that deftly transports the audience from satire to thriller and back again.”
Utah audiences can take that emotional journey weekends now through March 24 courtesy of Ogden’s Good Company Theatre, which favors lesser-known powerful works for an audience that likes to leave the theater with things to think about.
The show opens with office-mates — editorial assistants at a struggling but prestigious New York magazine — gossiping and sniping about about anyone not present, and even setting each other up for entertaining failures.
All are ambitious, youngish adults, all frustrated by cubicle confinement and lack of advancement prospects. They are funny and mildly infuriating to watch, like people with whom most of us have worked.
But before the end of Act 1, an unexpected act of violence (expect simulated gunfire) will change everyone’s life.
Act 2 is about how people move on, or don’t, and who owns their shared experience.
The script, drawn from recent headlines and from Jacobs-Jenkins’ experience working for The New Yorker, gives every character moments to be smart and vulnerable, and to shine. It allows some to show their range by playing multiple roles.
Standouts in a very strong cast are Brandon Garside and Lara Vo, who have the most stage time and perhaps the most time to develop their characters.
Then again, Cassidy Wixon was amazing in her ability to create three distinct characters, and Jesse Nepivoda was totally relatable in both acts. And Sahna Foley created two fascinating characters, with Avery Franklin’s characters adding depth to the themes and a welcome break from all the intensity.
The show is deftly directed by Alicia Washington, who never disappoints. Set design by Allen Smith is versatile and captures the claustrophobic feel of a real office. The black box theater also adds to the intimate atmosphere, as does the audience’s unavoidable proximity to the action on stage.
It’s a powerful play, with adult language and difficult themes, along with the single scene of simulated violence. For more information about the play and theater or tickets, click here. | https://gephardtdaily.com/local/review-gloria-an-intense-powerful-tale-for-adults/ |
Global report praises Viet Nam’s progress on human developmentJul 3, 2013
Ha Noi – Viet Nam is among more than 40 developing countries identified to have done better than expected in human development terms in recent decades, says the 2013 Human Development Report (HDR) presented in Viet Nam today.
According to the global report of the UN Development Programme, Viet Nam’s human development progress has increased by 41 percent in the past two decades. In 2012, Viet Nam ranked 127th out of 187 countries – which is in the ‘medium’ category of human development.
Entitled “The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World”, this year’s HDR analyses more than 40 developing countries that have made striking human development gains in recent years. The Report attributes their achievements to strong national commitments to better public health and education services, innovative poverty eradication programs and strategic engagement with the world economy.
“The rise of the South is unprecedented in its speed and scale. Never in history have the living conditions and prospects of so many people changed so dramatically and so fast,” the report says.
By 2030, the Report projects, more than 80 percent of the world’s middle class will reside in the South. The Asia-Pacific region will be home to about two-thirds of the new global middle class, with billions of people becoming increasingly educated, socially engaged and internationally connected, though at significantly lower income levels than their counterparts in the middle class of the industrialized North.
The 2013 Human Development Report warns, however, that short-sighted austerity policies, persistent inequalities and unresponsive political systems could threaten global and national progress unless corrected.
“Economic growth alone does not automatically translate into human development progress,” the Report says. “Pro-poor policies and significant investments in people’s capabilities—through a focus on education, nutrition and health, and employment skills—can expand access to decent work and provide for sustained progress.”
“The South as a whole is driving global economic growth and societal change for the first time in centuries,” the Report says, providing a detailed overview of this change and its significance:
The high achievers in East Asia include not only China, but also Indonesia, Viet Nam, Malaysia, Thailand and Brunei.
By 2020, the combined economic output of the three leading developing countries alone—Brazil, China and India—will surpass the aggregate production of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States.
In 2011, 61 of the world’s biggest corporations on the Fortune 500 list were Chinese—up from 16 five years earlier.
The Human Development Report analysis showed that while these countries differed greatly in their histories, political systems and economic profiles, they share common factors. Most had assertive governments that sought to take strategic advantage of the opportunities offered by global trade, while reducing poverty and inequality through pioneering home-grown social programs.
China illustrates this most vividly. Since market-oriented reforms in the late 1970s, China has experienced vast changes, emerging as a dominant market economy in a new global system in which it increasingly sets the pace. The scale of these changes required a long-term vision to build the necessary institutions and capacities. The state reformed, and opened markets, gradually. It built on a strong foundation of educational investment laid down in preceding decades.
Indonesia, another of the region’s successes, has also tried to find a new balance between the state and the market, moving from import-substituting industrialization with a major thrust in agriculture and rural development to a more open, trade-focused strategy. Malaysia, Thailand and Viet Nam, from different perspectives, also tried to balance state control with trade and investment. The Republic of Korea, one of the first economies in the region to transition to developed status, combined state and private sector in its industrialization while supporting education, infrastructure and health efforts.
But East Asian countries face many of the same challenges of developing countries in other regions—ageing populations, environmental risks, political pressures and inequality—and countries will need to stay smart to maintain their momentum, the Report cautions.
Speaking at the report launch in Viet Nam, UN Resident Coordinator Pratibha Mehta highlighted the need to invest in people. “Without investing in people, returns from global markets – or foreign direct investment – will remain limited, she said. “Investing in human potential is vital for Viet Nam to enhance its competitiveness and to fully benefit from global economic integration.”
Mehta mentioned regional and geographic disparities as obstacles for Viet Nam progressing to higher levels of human development. She noted the four key areas suggested by the Report to ensure continued progress in human development, including enhancing equity; enabling greater participation of citizens; confronting environmental pressures; and managing demographic change.
UNDP and MOFA jointly organized a workshop in Ha Noi today to discuss the key findings of the report and its implications from Viet Nam. Panelists are President of MOFA’s Diplomatic Academy Dang Duy Quy, former Vice President of Viet Nam Chamber of Commerce and Industry Pham Chi Lan, Vice President of Central Institute for Economic Management Vo Tri Thanh, UNDP Deputy Country Director Bakhodir Burkhanov and UNDP Economic Advisor Michaela Prokop.
More information?
ABOUT THIS REPORT: The Human Development Report is an editorially independent publication of the United Nations Development Programme. For free downloads of the 2013 Human Development Report in ten languages, plus additional reference materials on its indices and specific regional implications, please visit: http://hdr.undp.org
You can also download the presentation of the Global Human Development Report and the presentation of the Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. | http://www.vn.undp.org/content/vietnam/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2013/07/03/global-report-praises-viet-nam-s-progress-on-human-development/ |
In the business arena, it is essential to always be able to keep in contact with your customers, colleagues, and associate at all times. The VCF is a descriptor for the Virtual Contact File. These files are commonly referred to as vCard, which is the standard file format used to store vCard, which is the standard file format used to store contact information data for individuals and businesses.
These common files commonly include the email address, contact name, phone number, address, and other information of the person who created the file. It also allows for the support of images and also other media items.
User Query
“We have a consumer with a corrupt OE address book and purchased a tool to repair the address book. So far as good. Now we have 13000 VCF files. Is there any method to quickly and easily import VCF Contacts to Outlook Express instead of selecting a single file at a time ?”
Manual Method To Import VCF Contacts To Outlook Express:
Every user has an option to open multiple instances of a single WAB file, and this ability can be helpful for users having a Windows user profile only. There are no shared contacts among the profile because each profile has its own WAB file. This section is divided into 2 steps to follow steps to complete the process accurately.
Copy Contacts From VCF To Outlook Express
To move the address book follow the steps given below:
- Close Outlook Express and Address book
- Copy the current WAB to its new location
- Open Regedit
- At start run type in>regedit press enter
- Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER-→Software-→Microsoft-→WAB-→WAB4-→Wab File Name
- Right-click on the default value in the right-hand pane
- Click Modify and type the path to the new location and file name as.WAB
How To Move The Store Folder To Import VCF Contacts To Outlook Express?
- Create a new folder in Windows Explorer, where you want Outlook Express to store the files.
- Open Outlook Express and click the Tools-→Options-→Maintenance-→Store folder.
- Click Change and browse to the new folder then click OK.
- Close the dialogue box and close Outlook Express. When you reopen Outlook Express then it will automatically move the store to the new location.
Related: Batch Import VCF to Gmail
Automated Method To Import VCF Contacts To Outlook Express:
To import the vCard files, there is no direct manual method. So, users can overcome this issue by using a third-party tool such as SysTools vCard Importer. By using this software one can import contacts from VCF to Outlook Express perfectly. The vCard file consists of a text line containing the data field with attributes items and values. Most of the files containing only one contact are stored in VCF file format. Many numbers of applications support the ability to read and write VCF files with more than one contact.
Depending on the software this read and write feature becomes limited. Consider an example of Outlook, It will read and write only one contact from the VCF file but it does not check the number of available contacts. But in the case of Lotus Notes, It will read multiple contacts from a single vCard file but here, in this case, the length of the data is limited. To know more about this third-party tool read the following mentioned features:
One by One Instruction of Working of the Software
- Get the Software Into your device and hit the Add file option.
- Now, you can see your selected files on the interface.
- After that, select the VCF files by hitting the Export option on your top left.
- Select the options as per your requirement.
- Click the Export button to end this process.
Conclusion
Import VCF contacts to Outlook Express is not a tedious process. There are some manual as well as automated solutions available to perform this task. But the manual methods have some limitations such as it does not provide the correct answer always and also it is time-consuming. So to avoid these issues one can use the above mentioned professional technique. | https://www.datarecovery.institute/import-vcf-contacts-to-outlook-express/ |
ACES encourages a systematic disciplined approach to energy risk management. This approach has two main components: the Energy Risk Management Cycle and Integrated Portfolio Management.
The Energy Risk Management Cycle is an iterative 6-step process that provides a foundation for identifying, understanding, and effectively managing energy risks.
Before risks can be effectively managed, they must be identified and measured using either statistical tools or a qualitative approach.
After priority risks are identified, Energy Risk Management policies are developed to formalize risk objectives, risk tolerance, a decision making process, and identify authority for individuals or committees to carry out transactions.
ACES develops policies for establishing the boundaries for managing risk and execution strategies for implementation and compliance purposes.
Risk Management Policies need to be supported by controls and procedures to ensure an appropriate level of oversight.
With a clear understanding of the risks being taken, Energy Risk Management policies in place, a hedging strategy developed, and controls and procedures in place, the hedging strategy can be executed.
Existing risks should be continuously monitored and reported up through the risk management governance structure. As new risks emerge, they should be reported through a systematic process to determine if policies or strategies need to be altered.
Integrated Portfolio Management takes this cycle as a starting point and adds several components to create an approach to managing energy risks, which is complete and consistent across the entire organization.
All commodities, products, and resources (both physical and financial) need to be included in the Energy Risk Management Process.
The time horizon for managing risk needs to be sufficiently long to capture all significant risks and opportunities.
Development of risk management strategies should be coordinated across all components of the power supply portfolio and should reflect a structure based on transparency, open exchange, and information sharing.
Sophisticated analytical tools are needed to simultaneously evaluate several major risk factors in a probabilistic fashion, allowing “what if” scenarios to be quickly analyzed in the development of risk management strategies.
Software tools need to be complemented with well-defined business processes to create a seamless approach to integrated portfolio management.
Clear, accurate, and timely risk and performance reporting are critical for tracking risk and risk management performance. | https://www.acespower.com/services/risk-management/ |
Minister of Finance Dinh Tien Dung talked to DTiNews about the ministry's policy to cut state-owned car budget and what civil servants think about the move.
Minister of Finance Dinh Tien Dung
The Ministry of Finance was the first agency to reduce its fleet of cars. What are you going to do next to revise policy and further limit budget spending?
We are classifying and re-arranging the current cars. The first solution is to continue providing VND5m-10m (USD223-447) subsidies to officials. The state won't buy new cars.
The second is to assign the cars to the whole unit instead of individual official or small agencies. For example provincial people's committees, councils and offices will share cars with each other. Or we can consider the situations and terrains to find another solution. Mountainous areas need different kind of cars than the delta regions.
How do your deputy ministers feel after they were given subsidies?
They are fine and follow the regulation. Some have even said that they felt even more comfortable because they won’t be in the public eye so much. Of course there are also some rotten apples that spoil the whole barrel and annoy the public.
When more officials are given subsidies, the number of idle drivers and cars will increase. How are you going to deal with this?
We have contracts with the drivers and regulations for everything. But I think we need to do it carefully as it relates to a lot of people and their jobs.
Leaders in many other countries rarely use state cars. The leaders in Germany and Singapore use their own cars to go to work. Will Vietnam follow them?
We'll do it step by step. Right now, we'll revise and complete the Decision 32 on purchasing and using state cars to reduce the fleet. Public supervision will help create pressure to perfect the policies.
When will the revision process complete? | http://www.ivypro.info/2016/10/ministry-officials-claim-to-be-happy.html |
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Learn select exercises from the STOTT PILATES® Essential Matwork repertoire incorporating the Arc Barrel for support, challenge and variety in this interactive workshop, developed by the Merrithew™ team. Discover how the Barrel can be incorporated into any Matwork routine for variety and challenge. Learn to support the spine in flexion, lateral flexion or extension, to target core and peripheral muscle groups, and to adapt exercises to specific body types. | https://www.merrithew.com/instructor-training/cont-ed/stott-pilates/matwork-matwork-with-small-equipment/stott-pilates-arc-barrel-workshop |
A neuropsychological assessment provides a “road map” for intervention by systematically probing abilities and behaviors that correspond to specific aspects of intellectual, cognitive, and social-emotional functioning systems. Processing information, paying attention, and concentrating on school work, and remembering what they have studied are some reasons why students fail to function as efficiently as they could in school and in daily life. A neuropsychological assessment provides a detailed and accurate evaluation of a student's intellectual, cognitive, academic, social-emotional, behavioral, regulation, and adaptive functioning levels. This broad ranged view of a student is of great importance when a team (including the parents) is trying to understand why a child is struggling so much and to get them the help that they need.
A neuropsychological assessment can be referred in by the student's parents, pediatrician, teacher, or any remediation oriented professional, i.e., neurologist, psychiatrist, speech-language pathologist, educational therapist, psychologist. An educational advocate or attorney may refer a student in order to obtain an independent educational evaluation to determine a student's real strengths and weaknesses and to identify appropriate educational accommodations and intervention.
Regardless of who refers, the neuropsychological assessment will identify a student's strengths and weaknesses across broad ranges of functioning, identify the appropriate diagnosis, and determine evidence-based interventions and accommodations. The assessment is critical as it outlines the parameters for intervention so that the specialist(s) can specifically target the problematic areas and use a student's strengths for overall intervention planning purposes.
Finally, a neuropsychological assessment may be required for high-stakes examinations such as the SAT/ACT/GMAT/LSAT/MCAT. The testing procedure is seen as necessary in order to determine current functioning, with specific diagnosis, and appropriate accommodations based on the diagnosis and disability.
In summary, a neuropsychological assessment is an integral and necessary component for directing and monitoring intervention efforts. It is crucial for providing direction for medical/educational team management as well as for overall parental educational purposes.
How does it differ from a neurological evaluation?
The neurological evaluation generally involves an examination of the basic motor and sensory functions (strength, reflexes, sensitivity to touch, and coordination) and of basic thinking skills including functional communication (speech and language), orientation to person, place, time and circumstances, simple memory functions, and an ability to follow basic commands. A detailed review of a student's medical history is obtained with additional testing ordered as necessary given the initial neurological consultation.
The most sensitive indicators of head injury, learning disabilities, etc., are often weaknesses in subtle and complex cognitive and behavioral functions. It is these functions among others that are assessed in the neuropsychological evaluation. The neuropsychological evaluation will assess a child's intellectual, language functions, attentional and concentrational skills, motor skills, sensory perceptual skills, auditory perception skills, verbal learning and memory skills, visual learning and memory skills, visual perceptual skills, executive functions, achievement, pragmatic skills, and social-emotional levels. Unlike the neurological evaluation, the neuropsychological assessment measures these areas in depth using standardized objective systematic tests. The performance of the child is then analyzed using both normative and individual comparison standards for measuring the relative strengths and weaknesses of neuropsychological systems.
How does it differ from psychological/psychoeducational testing?
The psychological assessment focuses on intellectual and social-emotional issues in light of a student's history. The school assessment administered by a school psychologist within a district is typically conducted in order to identify those children who would benefit from a special education program and/or specific accommodations within a classroom. This type of assessment does not diagnose disorders but helps the educational team within a school district understand why a child may be struggling and/or failing in school. The psychoeducational assessment will focus on achievement and selective social-emotional variables, with some districts also administering an intellectual measure. The school psychologist typically will not identify cognitive disorders, learning/behavioral disorders, or neurobehavioral disorders in the context of a comprehensive assessment.
Each assessment is tailored to the student since the reasons for the assessment will vary. The neuropsychologist will also have hypotheses that will need to be answered when assessing the child. A specific “core” of tests will be administered, with other measures added to the assessment depending on the compromises indicated during the assessment process. Generally, the testing process itself takes two sessions with the second session scheduled after the first day of testing. Assessment times will vary depending on the student's age and challenges. The neuropsychologist will “work” with the child to ensure that the referral question(s) are answered thoroughly. A packet of rating scales is given to the parent(s) in order to gather data on their observations of their child within the home environment. Rating scales are given to one or more teachers to gather information on the student's behavior within the classroom settings. The teacher rating scales are also important in assessing a younger student's behavior in unstructured contexts, i.e., recess.
What happens before the assessment?
An intake with the parents is done by the office manager, Scott Mellor. He will obtain a "thumbnail sketch" of what is concerning you about your child. He will then explain the testing process to you. Any questions concerning insurance, etc., can be answered by Mr. Mellor. At that point, an appointment can be scheduled for the assessment. He will send you a packet by email, fax, or letter confirming the appointment. This confirmation package will have directions to the office, the consent form, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) form, and the office policies form for you to read, sign, and return to us.
The neuropsychologist will interview the parents and any significant others that the parents would like concerning the presenting situation and for relevant background information purposes. Records can be mailed, faxed, or emailed to the office before the final analysis is completed. The parents will also be given their packets and the teacher packets at the time of the parent interview. The second session will be scheduled after the completion of the first session when the approximate needed remaining time will be known. After the assessment is complete, and all of the required documentation has arrived, Dr. Schiltz will review the records, score, interpret the data, dictate the report, and provide feedback to professionals given parental request. A feedback session will be scheduled with the parents within approximately 14 working days in order to discuss the test results. Parents are encouraged to call Dr. Schiltz if there are any questions after their feedback session and after they review the report. The neuropsychological report will be given to the parents and any professional that they request. No report will be sent out from the office without the consent from the parents. A feedback session with older children is encouraged as it will provide closure for the child. The child feedback session is brief and gives an opportunity for the neuropsychologist to discuss a child's strengths with them and to answer any questions about the testing process. The timing of the child feedback session is deferred to the parent(s). | https://goldenstateneuropsychology.com/pediatric-assessments/ |
The culture of Saint Joseph’s College is inherently community-oriented and civic-minded. As a Sisters of Mercy Institution, we share the Sisters’ commitment to social justice and advocacy. Additionally, the Mission of the College states that we will “advocate for justice and peace in recognition of each person's responsibility for the welfare of both humankind and the environment.” A closer examination of the culture of engagement at Saint Joseph’s College reveals that sustainability in its broadest sense now permeates every aspect of our work. As the College’s own strategic plan Sustaining the Promise says, “We are an intentional community—one where everyone is committed to the practice and pursuit of the Core Values that are central to our identity as Catholic and Mercy—faith, excellence, integrity, community, respect, compassion, and justice—in everything we do from our educational programs to the ways we work and live together… Our continuing focus on these common concerns has led us to embrace the theme of “wellness and sustainability” as a major organizing principle.” Taking Action, Saint Joseph’s College’s Civic Action Plan, deliberately infuses sustainability initiatives into our culture of civic and community engagement, and identifies three priority goals that will strengthen and focus these efforts across campus while enhancing the public purpose of Saint Joseph’s College:
- Goal 1
We will academically integrate the theme of “wellness and sustainability” with our commitment to civic engagement through the Implementation of Sustainability Education. Additionally, we will create a Sustainability Certificate Program, which will explore the connections between social, environmental, and economic systems, and equip students with the knowledge to apply sustainable, integrated problem-solving approaches in their communities.
- Goal 2
We will coordinate the efforts of faculty, staff, and students under the common goal of a sustainable future that includes a healthy environment, economic prosperity, and social justice, through both the Development of a Civic Sustainability Lab and the Creation of a Chief Sustainability Officer Position. The Civic Sustainability Lab will promote, enhance, and reward high-impact practices such as community-based learning and research, critical thinking and reflection, and experiential learning. The Chief Sustainability Officer will work across the organizational structure of the College to support a robust sustainability management system that strives to continuously improve alignment with the College's Strategic Plan, Climate Action Plan, and Civic Action Plan.
- Goal 3
We will communicate that we are an intentional community dedicated to improving health and vitality in the region through the Development of a Community Culture Collective and the Creation of the Institute for Local Food Systems Innovation. The Community Culture Collective will be a place-based interdisciplinary collaboration of campus and community members supporting civic engagement and environmental sustainability through creative programs and media. The Institute for Local Food Systems Innovation will serve as a supporting organization for the development of Maine’s food and beverage industry by providing critically needed workforce training, facilities for scale-up of home operations, business development, and collaboration of other supporting organizations. Institutionalizing Our Commitment to Excellence One of Sustaining the Promise’s seven strategic initiatives is “Institutionalizing Our Commitment to Excellence,” which calls us to develop sustainable systems for measuring and assessing our efforts in order to improve our practice in a variety of areas. Taking Action will serve as a vehicle for this effort while further emphasizing our “Commitment to Excellence.” The formal 3-year review of Taking Action will include a set of recommendations to continue the process of institutionalizing—and thereby making sustainable—the College’s commitment to civic and community engagement and enhancing the public purpose of Saint Joseph’s College. | https://compact.org/resources/saint-josephs-college-civic-action-plan |
Summary: A new study published in brain reveals that just one night of sleep disruption causes an increase in amyloid beta in the brains of healthy, middle aged people. A full week of sleep disturbances leads to a build up of Tau, another protein associated with Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases. The study sheds light on why poor sleep has previously been associated with the development of Alzheimer’s and other dementias.
Source: WUSTL.
Poor sleep leads to increase in Alzheimer’s proteins associated with cognitive decline.
A good night’s sleep refreshes body and mind, but a poor night’s sleep can do just the opposite. A study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Radboud University Medical Centre in the Netherlands, and Stanford University has shown that disrupting just one night of sleep in healthy, middle-aged adults causes an increase in amyloid beta, a brain protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease. And a week of tossing and turning leads to an increase in another brain protein, tau, which has been linked to brain damage in Alzheimer’s and other neurological diseases.
“We showed that poor sleep is associated with higher levels of two Alzheimer’s-associated proteins,” said David M. Holtzman, MD, the Andrew B. and Gretchen P. Jones Professor, head of the Department of Neurology and the study’s senior author. “We think that perhaps chronic poor sleep during middle age may increase the risk of Alzheimer’s later in life.”
These findings, published July 10 in the journal Brain, may help explain why poor sleep has been associated with the development of dementias such as Alzheimer’s.
More than 5 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease, which is characterized by gradual memory loss and cognitive decline. The brains of people with Alzheimer’s are dotted with plaques of amyloid beta protein and tangles of tau protein, which together cause brain tissue to atrophy and die. There are no therapies that have been proven to prevent, slow or reverse the course of the disease.
Previous studies by Holtzman, co-first author Yo-El Ju, MD, an assistant professor of neurology, and others have shown that poor sleep increases the risk of cognitive problems. People with sleep apnea, for example, a condition in which people repeatedly stop breathing at night, are at risk for developing mild cognitive impairment an average of 10 years earlier than people without the sleep disorder. Mild cognitive impairment is an early warning sign for Alzheimer’s disease.
But it wasn’t clear how poor sleep damages the brain. To find out, the researchers — Holtzman; Ju; co-first author and graduate student Sharon Ooms of Radboud; Jurgen Claassen, MD, PhD, of Radboud; Emmanuel Mignot, MD, PhD, of Stanford; and colleagues — studied 17 healthy adults ages 35 to 65 with no sleep problems or cognitive impairments. Each participant wore an activity monitor on the wrist for up to two weeks that measured how much time they spent sleeping each night.
After five or more successive nights of wearing the monitor, each participant came to the School of Medicine to spend a night in a specially designed sleep room. The room is dark, soundproof, climate-controlled and just big enough for one; a perfect place for sleeping, even as the participants wore headphones over the ears and electrodes on the scalp to monitor brain waves.
Half the participants were randomly assigned to have their sleep disrupted during the night they spent in the sleep room. Every time their brain signals settled into the slow-wave pattern characteristic of deep, dreamless sleep, the researchers sent a series of beeps through the headphones, gradually getting louder, until the participants’ slow-wave patterns dissipated and they entered shallower sleep.
The next morning, the participants who had been beeped out of slow-wave sleep reported feeling tired and unrefreshed, even though they had slept just as long as usual and rarely recalled being awakened during the night. Each underwent a spinal tap so the researchers could measure the levels of amyloid beta and tau in the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
A month or more later, the process was repeated, except that those who had their sleep disrupted the first time were allowed to sleep through the night undisturbed, and those who had slept uninterrupted the first time were disturbed by beeps when they began to enter slow-wave sleep.
The researchers compared each participant’s amyloid beta and tau levels after the disrupted night to the levels after the uninterrupted night, and found a 10 percent increase in amyloid beta levels after a single night of interrupted sleep, but no corresponding increase in tau levels. However, participants whose activity monitors showed they had slept poorly at home for the week before the spinal tap showed a spike in levels of tau.
“We were not surprised to find that tau levels didn’t budge after just one night of disrupted sleep while amyloid levels did, because amyloid levels normally change more quickly than tau levels,” Ju said. “But we could see, when the participants had several bad nights in a row at home, that their tau levels had risen.”
Slow-wave sleep is the deep sleep that people need to wake up feeling rested. Sleep apnea disrupts slow-wave sleep, so people with the disorder often wake up feeling unrefreshed, even after a full eight hours of shut-eye.
Slow-wave sleep is also the time when neurons rest and the brain clears away the molecular byproducts of mental activity that accumulate during the day, when the brain is busily thinking and working.
Ju thinks it is unlikely that a single night or even a week of poor sleep, miserable though it may be, has much effect on overall risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Amyloid beta and tau levels probably go back down the next time the person has a good night’s sleep, she said.
“The main concern is people who have chronic sleep problems,” Ju said. “I think that may lead to chronically elevated amyloid levels, which animal studies have shown lead to increased risk of amyloid plaques and Alzheimer’s.”
Ju emphasized that her study was not designed to determine whether sleeping more or sleeping better reduce risk of Alzheimer’s but, she said, neither can hurt.
“Many, many Americans are chronically sleep-deprived, and it negatively affects their health in many ways,” Ju said. “At this point, we can’t say whether improving sleep will reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer’s. All we can really say is that bad sleep increases levels of some proteins that are associated with Alzheimer’s disease. But a good night’s sleep is something you want to be striving for anyway.”
Funding: Funding provided by National Institutes of Health, J.P.B Foundation, Alzheimer Nederland, Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.
Source: Judy Martin Finch – WUSTL
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is credited to Yo-El Ju.
Original Research: Full open access research for “Slow wave sleep disruption increases cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β levels” by Yo-El S. Ju, Sharon J. Ooms, Courtney Sutphen, Shannon L. Macauley, Margaret A. Zangrilli, Gina Jerome, Anne M. Fagan, Emmanuel Mignot, John M. Zempel, Jurgen A.H.R. Claassen, and David M. Holtzman in Brain. Published online July 10 2017 doi:10.1093/brain/awx148
[cbtabs][cbtab title=”MLA”]WUSTL “Explaining the Link Between Sleep and Alzheimer’s.” NeuroscienceNews. NeuroscienceNews, 10 July 2017.
<https://neurosciencenews.com/sleep-alzheimers-7058/>.[/cbtab][cbtab title=”APA”]WUSTL (2017, July 10). Explaining the Link Between Sleep and Alzheimer’s. NeuroscienceNew. Retrieved July 10, 2017 from https://neurosciencenews.com/sleep-alzheimers-7058/[/cbtab][cbtab title=”Chicago”]WUSTL “Explaining the Link Between Sleep and Alzheimer’s.” https://neurosciencenews.com/sleep-alzheimers-7058/ (accessed July 10, 2017).[/cbtab][/cbtabs]
Abstract
Slow wave sleep disruption increases cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β levels
Sleep deprivation increases amyloid-β, suggesting that chronically disrupted sleep may promote amyloid plaques and other downstream Alzheimer’s disease pathologies including tauopathy or inflammation. To date, studies have not examined which aspect of sleep modulates amyloid-β or other Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers. Seventeen healthy adults (age 35–65 years) without sleep disorders underwent 5–14 days of actigraphy, followed by slow wave activity disruption during polysomnogram, and cerebrospinal fluid collection the following morning for measurement of amyloid-β, tau, total protein, YKL-40, and hypocretin. Data were compared to an identical protocol, with a sham condition during polysomnogram. Specific disruption of slow wave activity correlated with an increase in amyloid-β40 (r = 0.610, P = 0.009). This effect was specific for slow wave activity, and not for sleep duration or efficiency. This effect was also specific to amyloid-β, and not total protein, tau, YKL-40, or hypocretin. Additionally, worse home sleep quality, as measured by sleep efficiency by actigraphy in the six nights preceding lumbar punctures, was associated with higher tau (r = 0.543, P = 0.045). Slow wave activity disruption increases amyloid-β levels acutely, and poorer sleep quality over several days increases tau. These effects are specific to neuronally-derived proteins, which suggests they are likely driven by changes in neuronal activity during disrupted sleep. | https://neurosciencenews.com/sleep-alzheimers-7058/ |
The environmental and health consequences of climate change, which disproportionately affect low-income countries and poor people in high-income countries, profoundly affect human rights and social justice. … In addition, low-income countries have far less capability to adapt to climate change than high-income countries.
“Climate justice” is a term, and more than that a movement, that acknowledges climate change can have differing social, economic, public health, and other adverse impacts on underprivileged populations.
Issues that impact the environment have impacts on the people who live there as well. And when some people have access to resources that help them relieve those impacts while others don’t, that becomes a social justice issue.
Fighting Climate Change Isn’t Just an Environmental Issue — it’s a Social Justice Issue Too. … The plea for environmental justice deals with ensuring basic human rights. This includes access to clean water, clean air, power, and shelter.
Social justice aims to give individuals and groups fair treatment and an impartial share of social, environmental and economic benefits. … Environmental benefits include attractive and extensive greenspace, clean air and water, and investment in pollution abatement and landscape improvements.
Environmental justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
Climate change is a threat to everyone’s physical health, mental health, air, water, food and shelter, but some groups—socially and economically disadvantaged ones—face the greatest risks. This is because of where they live, their health, income, language barriers, and limited access to resources.
Environmental Justice revels the power inequalities associated with class and race. environment; it is also an issue of justice and human rights. communities are less responsible for climate change yet bear disproportionate risk.
Why climate change is an environmental justice issue?
Climate change is an environmental justice issue because certain groups of people in the United States are disproportionately affected by climate change and are less able than others to adapt to or recover from climate change impacts.
What is an example of climate justice?
Essentially, climate justice means trying to ensure that people and the planet are treated fairly in the ways in which we: a) try to reduce further climate changes, for example by cutting down the amount of fossil fuels we burn to produce energy (known as mitigation); and b) adapt to the changes we have brought about …
9 Biggest Social Justice Issues of 2020
- Voting rights. Exercising the right to vote is one of the social justice issues prioritized by the National Association of Social Workers. …
- Climate justice. …
- Healthcare. …
- Refugee crisis. …
- Racial Injustice. …
- Income Gap. …
- Gun Violence. …
- Hunger and food insecurity.
Why is climate a justice?
Climate justice helps us to put into context the significant impacts of climate change that we are already experiencing today. We can better recognise that impacts of climate change are experienced much differently by a middle-income family in a developed country than they are by a poor migrant in the developing world.
Environmental problems are largely the result of human behavior and human decision making. … Environmental inequality and environmental racism are significant issues. Within the United States and around the world, environmental problems are more often found where poor people and people of color reside.
Environmental justice is the social justice expression of environmental ethics. … As a result, this movement devotes itself to the unfair distribution of environmental risks and resources, and promotes efforts to prevent pollution from impacting low income communities.
What are two environmental issues that lead to environmental injustice?
Pollution, climate change, and more have stripped from these communities the right to their most basic needs: clean water, food, air, and safe housing. Here’s a look at how these issues spurred the environmental justice movement—and how much work still needs to be done. | https://aslebiennialconference.com/ecologic/how-is-social-justice-linked-to-climate.html |
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Last Updated: June, 2018
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Manufacturing companies in the 21st century are facing increasingly fierce international competition. Traditional methods to strengthen management through the implementation of MRPII/ERP are just a kind of black box operation, which can no longer meet today's complex and changeable competition needs. Therefore, how to make this black box operation transparent, find out any problems that affect product quality and cost, improve the real-time and flexibility of the plan, and at the same time improve the operating efficiency of the production line has become a concern of every enterprise. And MES is a very effective solution produced by the changes in production patterns over the past ten years. As one of the core industries in the 21st century, the SMT industry has yet to realize the popularization of MES. This is an opportunity. If MES can be widely used in the SMT industry, it will inevitably achieve a leap in production efficiency. At the same time, it will also be of great help to the improvement of quality and the saving of materials. The key of MES is to emphasize the optimization of the entire production process. It needs to collect a large amount of real-time data during the production process and deal with real-time events in time. At the same time, it maintains two-way communication capabilities with the planning layer and the control layer, receiving corresponding data from the upper and lower layers and feeding back processing results and production instructions.
1 SMT workshop data collection technology
The data collection of the SMT workshop is the basis for the establishment of the electronic circuit surface mount MES system. Through the collection of the SMT workshop data, the visualization of manufacturing data, data monitoring and plan tracking can be realized. At the same time, it is also a prerequisite for realizing abnormal alarm and production, quality information report query and other functions. The SMT workshop data collection technology emphasizes the integration with the equipment control system, and the second is to realize the real-time collection of production data. This requires technical research on data acquisition methods, parameter determination, software and hardware implementation, signal processing methods and other issues.
1.1 Basic functions that need to be implemented
The high-efficiency collection module that can provide data to the MES system. Its main purpose is to quickly, stably and effectively collect and centralize the real-time status of each device while saving costs and resources as much as possible. Features:
1) The existing main equipment of the enterprise is formed into an industrial monitoring network to realize the centralized monitoring of decentralized equipment; 2) The production parameters of each equipment are collected through a certain communication protocol or sensor, and the production process is monitored in real time; 3) When the production parameters are abnormal , Real-time alarm, and real-time feedback of alarm information to production managers and field engineers; 4) The data acquisition system is stable and highly reliable, and does not affect the normal operation of the original equipment.
1.2 Available collection methods
In the SMT workshop, due to the diversity of equipment, the data collection methods that can be used are: 1) Obtain signals from the equipment control system; 2) Obtain discrete analog signals through sensors; 3) Collect switch signals.
1.3 Key equipment and main parameters that need to be collected
The collection and sorting of manufacturing data of key equipment in SMT workshop is the basis for production planning, product history maintenance and other production management. The key equipment for data collection production and testing mainly includes: 1) solder paste printer; 2) glue dispenser; 3) placement machine; 4) reflow oven; 5) flying probe, X-Ray testing machine, optical AOI and other testing equipment.
2 Realization of automatic data collection
As far as the current key equipment is concerned, their operating systems include windows and Unix, and older equipment also have DOS systems; communication interfaces also include RS232 and RJ45, and even non-standard computer interfaces; data storage formats are also one-of-a-kind , There is no uniformity and coordination at all, and corresponding data collection methods can only be implemented for different types of equipment.
2.1 Obtain the required data directly from the equipment system
1) Interface communication method collection
In interface communication, the widespread use of GEM equipment is a big improvement. The SECS II (Semiconductor Equipment Communication Standard)/GEM (Equipment Communication Model) protocol is an industry specification drafted by the Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International Association (SEMI). Its appearance was originally aimed at semiconductor production equipment, so that control systems and equipment from different suppliers unified communication protocols, and equipment with GEM compatible interfaces can be easily integrated into the enterprise's MES strategy. At present, most of the equipment of most equipment suppliers on the market has a compatible interface that meets the SECS II/GEM protocol through a variety of expansion methods.
2) Obtain data files directly
Some other equipment, some have integrated the data collection function in its control software, can export the data content we need; and some are like flying probe, X-Ray test machine, optical detector, etc. For the testing equipment, the result of its operation is the data file, which needs to be manually reviewed. We can all network with the control computer of these devices, and use common protocols such as TCP/IP to transfer files to realize data collection.
2.2 Install sensors to obtain data
For situations where the first method cannot be achieved, we may use additional specific sensors to achieve the purpose of monitoring. The most common equipment that requires additional sensors is the reflow oven. Although many reflow ovens also provide GEM compatible interfaces, or can record their own temperature sensor data in real time, these temperature data only reflect the approximate temperature of each temperature zone, and the actual temperature of the PCB board in the reflow oven is still different. Differences, so the collected data cannot be used as a reference for production control. Therefore, the furnace temperature tester is produced as needed. The traditional furnace temperature tester installs the sensor on the PCB board, passes through the reflow oven along with the PCB board, and records the furnace temperature curve, so that a fairly accurate furnace temperature curve can be obtained, which truly reflects the real-time PCB heating process Temperature, but its method is too complicated and not convenient for real-time data collection in mass production. For example, KIC’s new product KIC 24/7 in the United States adopts a new method. The thermal sensors are installed on the PCB conveyor belt and distributed evenly. The 30 thermocouples installed in the furnace continuously monitor the temperature changes in the process. This change will be continuously displayed on the computer screen of the tester in the form of a process temperature curve, and the data will be recorded on the hard disk at the same time.
2.3 Collect the digital signal
The acquisition of digital signals is relatively simple. It only needs to record the on and off of some key lines to determine that the entire MES network is working well, including the normal operation of the equipment and the unblocked transmission lines.
3 Conclusion
Data collection is the key to the realization of MES. Effective and reasonable methods should be adopted according to the on-site environment of the specific workshop to conduct real-time data collection. However, the difficulty of data collection is the direct reason that restricts the development of MES in the SMT industry and causes the production efficiency to fail. Therefore, it is an urgent need to encourage all SMT equipment suppliers to unite and unify interfaces and data specifications. When data collection is as easy as searching for objects, MES can achieve real big development in the space of SMT, and the SMT industry is bound to usher in a new spring. | https://www.ipcb.com/news/8584.html |
06 Feb How to Create a Comfortable Outdoor Space
The exterior design of your home should be about comfort and relaxation. At the end of a long day; or the beginning of a relaxed one; you want a space where you can reach a state of meditation by inhaling fresh air and spending time with loved ones.
Before starting to decorate your space, there are a few things you must plan. Here are a few questions you need to ask yourself:
What elements to use to make the outdoor area feel like an extension of your home?
Think of this as another empty room in your home that you want to design.
To get the ‘home-is-where-the-heart-is’ feeling, while sitting on your patio, think about a few key elements that will transform it into a personal and welcoming space.
According to award winning artist and designer, Pablo Solomon, there are 5 key-elements to consider for good landscaping: Balance, proportion, colour, textures, and shape. When you take these elements into consideration, it gives you a clear idea of your design and you will most likely end up with many new ideas.
Think of interesting lighting – your outdoor lighting deserves to be just as sassy as indoor. What colour schemes and textures are you going to use for furniture and decor? Think of all the embellishments that normally decorate your inside spaces. Use the same theme that already features in your home by extending it to the outside.
What elements to consider when starting out with your space?
Firstly, it is very important to know exactly what you want to do with your outdoor space. Would you like to have a peaceful little reading corner, or would you prefer an area where you can entertain your friends? Maybe somewhere to sit outside to have dinner during summer times?
The rule is to not just start. After creating a realistic budget, start considering the size of your space, the activities you envision having there, the weather conditions throughout the year and the desired focal point of this area.
Ideal flooring to use
When deciding about your preferred flooring, think practically, but also pick flooring that will intertwine with the rest of your decor and design.
Natural stone tiles are one of the most popular options for exterior flooring and the possibilities are endless – think slasto, terracotta, marble, sandstone, or granite. Honestly, the list goes on.
Bricks, concrete, and wood decking are also amongst the “popular kids”. Although you now know all the basic options, try not to turn a blind eye to ideas such as artificial grass, outdoor carpets and rubber floor rolls. Keep in mind that all the above, have their limitations and benefits that have to be considered when making a final decision on a crucial element such as flooring.
How to zone your space
Fashioning your outdoor area into the most comfortable and stylish space, can get tricky when it’s a petite little spot. You definitely don’t want it to be so cluttered that you can’t move. That’s why it is important to combine different seating options, like ottomans, single benches, stools or hanging chairs.
Don’t underestimate the power of vertical garden options and pot plants to incorporate nature into your terrace. Big, bold plants are absolutely making a statement in 2019. Pick different colour pots to play around with. You can also use similar looking pots with a variety of different plants in each one.
When you have a large space to work with, try to divide it into sections to avoid ending up with a big square with too much useless space in the middle.
By incorporating similar colours, textures, and lighting elements throughout the decoration process, all the elements reach a certain flow and continuity.
Tips on adding a fire source
There is nothing that warms the atmosphere quite like a fire gleaming nearby. If you are working with quite a strict budget, a wood fire pit is the best option for you. Why’s that? There are no gas installation involved or the maintenance thereof.
Ask an expert to build one, make it a DIY project, or order one online! Make sure to pick the right size and style for your home.
If you are going for a more aesthetic look and you aren’t too phased about the warmth and the crackling sound of a traditional fire, a gas fire pit is probably the best option for you. This option is more costly, as gas and installation costs need to be considered.
A lot of gas-lit fires are best displayed in shapes such as rectangles and squares. Displaying gas-lit fires in rectangular shapes helps a lot when you don’t want the fire to be the centre of your gathering, but rather a decor element added for ambiance. However, if you do want to make this a focal point, it will look incredible. With all the different options of fire pits on the market to consider, the practicality and your personal choice will be the final deciding factor.
Creating a focal point
A focal point is something that immediately draws the viewer’s attention to an object or space, without them even realising. This can be a piece of art, a statue, an accentuated wall, a statement piece of furniture, or whatever you want it to be.
When creating a focal point, it is very important to know that you should only have one piece that is going to steal the show. As soon as you start incorporating a focal piece here and a focal piece there, it defeats the whole purpose of that one beautiful object that will catch your eye.
An accentuated wall, with a painting against it, a fire pit nearby and a green velvet couch next to a massive pot plant, might get a tad too cluttered. Instead, choose your element of preference, such as nature, art or a quirky print on a piece of furniture and stick to that. The secret to a focal point lies in the elegant simplicity surrounding it. Make it stand out. If you have a big canvas you want to hang on the wall, keep the colour of the wall light and clean, or add some artificial lighting to make it stand out.
How to strategically shield the view
Let’s face it… Your home is supposed to be your safe place where you can do what you feel like. Home is the place where you don’t want to feel like being watched (this applies to both the inside and outside). Here are a few options you can consider when you want to create some privacy.
A fence or wall around the house is the most obvious way to create privacy . There are many materials and styles to choose from, but it is very important to make a spot-on pick, so that it blends in with the rest of your house’s design.
Just a friendly tip for the trend lovers – horizontal fences give any material used a modern, sleek look. Shelves are also a great idea if you want to incorporate nature, but don’t have enough time to take care of a proper garden. These shelves that are built into the horizontal slats, can be decorated with plants and flowers of your choice.
You want your fence to tone in with the rest of your house’s design and not scream for attention. Therefore, a dark coloured fence like black or a deep shade of charcoal, can be surprisingly complimenting to your landscape.
A pergola is a go-to option if you don’t want to hide away from the world, but you do feel like you want your own little corner with some shade for the hot days. The fantastic thing about pergolas are that you can grow training plants against them.
After growing your plants for a while, they will start to look like joyful children smiling at you daily. Happy plants make happy people! It will create an elegant and romantic feel, and also add the privacy you’ve been longing for.
Different seating options
We have been babbling about all the elements of outdoor spaces. But now is the time to get to the actual importance of sitting – the seating options. This is a crucial element to letting your space look welcoming to all who enters it.
Arm chairs and sofas are easy to move around and place them where you want to whenever you want to. The practical choice will be to have a fairly basic looking and -coloured chair. This way you can’t get too tired of them, because the pillows and upholstery can be changed regularly.
You also get beautiful, authentic looking chairs and sofas at vintage shops for the fraction of the price you’d pay for it in the shops. With this option you can paint and change pre-owned goods in the way you’d like.
Please don’t forget about hanging chairs! They look elegant, take up little space and get all humans as excited as a child at a theme park for the first time. There’s just that something about them.
The corner of your outside space is also a clever place for built-in seating. With a corner you actually save a lot of space. Put a nice coffee table with this built-in corner sofas, and you basically have a tiny living room.
Using stools is acceptable when you have high tables or a bar in your space. Be careful of how you use them, as they tend to easily look uncomfortable or impersonal.
Remember, the main thing doesn’t have to be the actual look of the chair, couch or sofa, but rather what you decide to create it with. (Floral prints are very 2019, by the way). Think mushroom coloured couches with beautiful floral printed throws, blankets or pillows.
Tips to create the perfect entertainment space
So you have your amazing outdoor space now, and all you need is some of your closest friends and family to come join in your joy! Making this extra special for yourself and your guests, will make this a memorable experience.
You can chop and change some of your furniture arrangements to create a more spacious area for everyone to move around.
Add things like an extra table to put drinks and ice buckets on. Fairy lights add elements of fantasy, festivity and always spices up the mood in a jiffy. Whip out packs of cards, or board games and put them down in a little corner, so your guests know you thought about their entertainment for the night.
Need we say snacks? Always important to offer your guests some appetizers. Put out a platter or three, depending on the number of guests of course. There is no need to go overboard though. The togetherness is the real deal of entertaining.
Just as you thought we were done discussing your little party, there’s one more extremely important element that you should never forget. Music. Music immediately relaxes people and create a groovy vibe. A portable speaker is definitely a must-have in your life. Make a playlist for the night, and see how everything just falls into place after you pressed play. | https://designinabox.co.za/create-comfortable-outdoor-spaces/ |
You can create balanced, healthy meals for you and your family, even when you are short on time. By making small changes, you can build healthy habits to last a lifetime.
MyPlate: Your Five Food Groups
Check out the MyPlate section to learn about all the foods that make up a balanced plate.
Nutrition Facts Label
Use the nutrition facts label to learn more detailed information about the foods you eat.
Beverages
Learn more about the best drink choices to meet your health goals and which drinks you should choose less often. | https://eat-move-save.extension.illinois.edu/eat/balance-your-plate |
Mayan art was composed of a complex symbolic
language with deeply important social functions.
Mainly commissioned by kings and other elite
figures, works of Mayan art fulfilled both political
and social purposes. Because the art functioned
as a type of language, to be understood by the
entire population, a certain consistency in
subject matter and its portrayal was necessary.
Whether on a cylinder vessel or a great mural,
Maya art essentially depicts ritual. The
impressive Maya ceremonies, recorded for
posterity in their art, were crucial events in the
lives of the kings, and consequently important to
society as a whole. In Maya believe, an actual
ritual ceremony is directly connected with the art
which represents it; both conceived of as a power
process that transformed spiritual beings into
corporeal beings on the human level, and
allowed people and objects to become the sacred
beings they represented.
The Maya considered jade the most precious of
all stone substances. Prized for its durability and
color, jade symbolized life-giving water and
vegetation, and represented lightening and rain.
Its symbolic beauty imbued every figure and
ornament with supernatural power and
importance. | http://www.barakatgallery.com/store/Index.cfm/FuseAction/ItemDetails/UserID/0/ItemID/19697/CFID/136312900/CFTOKEN/87313101.htm |
An old cliché: “What gets measured gets done.” attributed to Peter Drucker (some say it goes back to Lord Kelvin or even Rheticus in the 1500′s! more here ), and it seems that the original phrase was actually “If you can measure it, you can manage it.” Regardless of the origin or the wording, the message is clear: measuring something gives you the information you need in order to make understand where you are relative to where you want to be.
In a corporate context, employees have “goals” that they are expected to achieve. Measuring performance (getting the actual data of what has been accomplished) is often confused with managing performance. Similar but very different. “Measurement” is objective (or at least should be, if the goals are clearly and simply defined), whereas “Management” is rarely objective. In fact, it is extremely subjective and requires a strong understanding of the individual in question and what can be done to help achieve her goals.
The annual performance management has come under quite some flak – Employees repudiate the annual performance review, HR isn’t exactly pleased with it either. There has been quite some press about removing the entire process, but it hasn’t really gone away, has it?
With most things today being available real-time, what good would a once-a-year feedback provide to an employee? At worst, it is merely a record of what was done and at best is a candid recap of the past year, with key learnings. The employees are often morose for not having known shortcomings earlier – when it could have been fixed, as opposed to learning of them when they have no way of correcting things.
So let’s nail it – we need a system, a system which can measure performance continuously, allow simple tracking and conversation through the year, as opposed to a one-time event.
SAP SuccessFactors Continuous Performance Management (CPM) focuses on structured and frequent performance reviews promoting engagement and employee participation in all levels, by simplifying measurement and letting everyone focus on managing performance to meet objectives. Let’s see how:
Let’s take a closer look at SAP SuccessFactors Continuous Performance Management (CPM)
An employee is a click away from a few powerful tools:
- Activities
- Achievements
- Annual Summary
- Coaching
POWER TOOL #1 : ACTIVITIES
Activities are tasks that employees are working on. Tasks are ground level and are directly linked to their goals. The status (high, medium, cancelled, completed) of the activity maybe set based on task priority and upon completion.
Now managers get a complete view of their team’s activities and can provide regular, effective guidance to employees. It also enables employees to keep track of their performance-related activities providing visibility to their managers about their work, priorities and progress. Activities can also be aligned to the goal plan (if applicable).
Additionally activities can be tracked and integrated with Goals and Development and also create Structure- a list of all activities, achievements, tasks which could be helpful during a one-on-one discussion.
POWER #2: ACHIEVEMENTS
Employees’ productivity tends to reduce when their work goes unrecognized. The Opt-in feature – CPM addresses this. Employees can take ownership of their activities and tasks. They can instantly capture their big moments and achievements on the go. Managers can also provide feedback, ensuring employees are aligned to goals.
POWER TOOL #3: ANNUAL SUMMARY
As the name says, it provides a summary of the employee’s activities and tasks performed throughout the year. It helps in having high-quality conversations during one-on-one meetings or performance reviews with managers. Performance reviews or formal assessments need not be vague anymore. Managers can now stay abreast of their employees’ activities and provide more actionable feedback and guidance.
POWER TOOL #4: COACHING
An effective way of giving feedback to employees, provide coaching and mentoring. Right from baby boomers to millennials, everyone responds positively to feedback. Recognition motivates employees and inspires them to achieve goals. They look forward to proper guidance to know areas where they outstand and those which require improvement. SAP SuccessFactors CPM is one of the most efficient ways to keep your employees happy, engaged and making them realize the value they add to the organization.
Let’s look at the Impact of CPM for the stakeholders
- Employees
- Take more ownership for their performance
- Document their activities and achievements
- Receive feedback and coaching
- Aligned to business goals and enhance their performance
- Managers
- Have a complete insight on their team’s activities
- It helps them provide better and effective guidance to their team
- HR
- Track the frequency of meetings of one-on-ones
- Provide guidance to maximize the team’s potential
CPM lets your organization be agile and have an invigorating work environment that evolves with you. Any organization’s greatest asset is its employees, managing its employees and developing them to their potential is a tough task.
With SAP SuccessFactors CPM, you can manage your asset effectively; take advantage of the processes and technology which in turn helps your organization grow. Bringing a culture of continuous feedback and performance assessment and keeping it interactive makes employees more engaged plus inspired.
If you are looking at having Performance Management enabled on your SF instance or to know how Continuous Performance Management can maximize performance at your organization, please contact [email protected]. | https://www.neeyamo.com/measuring-performance-vs-managing-performance-continuous-performance-management-can-make-difference-organization/ |
Our Mental Health Network are helping to raise awareness and to end the stigma of mental health by encouraging staff to wear green ribbons throughout the week and holding a series of events on wellbeing. The green ribbon campaign is part of ‘This is Me in the City’ initiative that we supported last year with colleagues sharing their own mental health stories in a short film. 70,000 people across the City and beyond are expected to be wearing their ribbons.
Chris Salmon, Executive Sponsor of our Mental Health Network said:
“We are proud to be wearing our green ribbons during mental health week, to help raise awareness and tackle the stigma around mental health. Our offices on Threadneedle Street were lit green to kick off the week and we hope that by showing our support for this important issue, colleagues in the Bank, and across the City, will feel able to speak up and seek help when experiencing a mental health problem.”
The Bank offers a range of services to promote mental wellbeing, including in-house staff counsellors. In addition the Mental Health Network, one of our employee-led diversity and inclusion networks, works with Human Resources and the staff counsellors to raise awareness and improve understanding around mental health conditions, and highlights the support available to staff. | https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/news/2017/may/the-bank-goes-green-for-mental-health-awareness-week |
Relationship between knowledge of and attitudes towards AIDS.
Psychol Rep
, 71
(3 Pt 2)
pp. 1149-1150.
10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3f.1149.
Abstract
202 subjects completed a questionnaire concerning their knowledge of and attitudes towards AIDS. The knowledge questionnaire had three sections, general knowledge, knowledge of spread and symptoms. Intercorrelations of the sections of the attitudinal measure were factor analysed, and five interpretable factors identified. As in two previously reported studies the correlations among the three knowledge and five attitudinal factors were low and nonsignificant. Implications for health education and attitude change are considered. | http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1422920/ |
Prevalences of welfare-related lesions at post-mortem meat-inspection in Danish sows.
We investigated the prevalences and intercorrelations of all daily meat-inspection recordings at four Danish sow abattoirs in the year 2000 from 23,794 sows coming from 207 sow or farrow-to-finisher herds. The meat-inspection data were obtained from databases at the Danish Bacon and Meat Council (DBMC). Prevalences generally were low--but large herd-to-herd variations were seen. Despite low prevalences, many slaughtered sows had recordings which raise welfare concerns. Intercorrelations between the meat-inspection recordings were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis describing underlying latent factors related to health and welfare problems within herds.
| |
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Result 1:
Result 2:
Result 3:
This application claims priority on U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/861,326, entitled “Real-time Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) System for the Identification of Suspicious Individuals in public areas”, filed on Jun. 14, 2019, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety and for all purposes.
The present invention relates to a real-time aerial suspicious analysis (ASANA) system and method to identify suspicious individuals or events related to suspicious individuals in public areas. More particularly, the invention relates to the identification of individuals involved in carrying objects of interest or weapons engaging in suspicious activities/criminal activities such as riots, theft etc. using the ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning Network.
In recent years, the rate of criminal activities and abnormal events by individuals and terrorist groups has been on the rise. The economic and social life has suffered due to these events and the safety and security of the public has become a major priority. The law enforcement agencies have been motivated to use video safety and security systems to monitor and curb these threats. Many automated video safety and security systems have been developed in the past to monitor abandoned objects (bags), theft, fire or smoke, violent activities, etc.
There are some safety and security systems available to monitor and curb these threats which are known, for examples U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/894,214 discloses a method for detection of objects in the images. The method includes extracting a plurality of image frames received from one or more imaging devices, selecting at least one image frame from the plurality of image frames and then the selected image frame is analysed to determine the presence of one or more objects. The objects are analyzed using the intensity of pixels in the selected image frame to determine if any of the objects is an anomaly. After that, a notification is created upon determining the anomaly is present in the selected image frame, where the notification can indicate that the imaged object is suspicious.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/492,010 discloses a video security system and method for monitoring active environments that can detect and track objects that produce a security-relevant breach of a virtual perimeter. This system detects suspicious activities such as loitering and parking, and provides fast and accurate alerts.
Chinese patent application CN109002783A discloses a human detection and gesture recognition method in the rescue environment; the method is based on the real-time analysis of images acquired by the camera at rescue environment.
Chinese patent application CN108564022A discloses a multi-person posture detection method based on a positioning classification regression network. The method includes positioning, classification, regression and iterative estimation. The detection method is based on multi-character gesture classification and regression positioning network which first locates hypothetic posture categories in the candidate set of boxes (represented as an anchor point posture) to obtain posture suggestions. A classifier is used to score each posture suggestion by calculating anchor posture specific regression, and thereafter the posture estimation is obtained by performing integration on adjacent posture hypotheses.
Chinese patent application CN107564062A discloses a pose abnormality detecting system method. The method includes acquiring an initial image from which the system obtains the initial reference frame, and then obtains the initial position and orientation of the camera. The method computes a difference value between the detected camera pose frame and the initial position and orientation of the original reference frame and determining whether the difference value is greater than a predetermined threshold value, and if the difference value is greater than the preset threshold, the detected posture abnormality alarm is set off. It determines whether the detected camera pose changes abnormality has occurred. The camera pose estimation refers to estimating both the camera position and orientation.
Li et al. discloses a video surveillance system to identify the abandoned objects with the use of Gaussian mixture models and Support Vector Machine. This system is robust to illumination changes and performs with an accuracy of 84.44%. This system has proven vital for the detection of abandon bags in busy public areas, which may contain bombs.
Chuang et al. discloses forward-backward ratio histogram and a finite state machine to recognize robberies. This system has proven to be very useful around automatic teller machines (ATMs) and has detected 96% cases of the theft.
Seebamrungsat et al. discloses a fire detection system based on HSV and YCbCr color models as it allowed it to distinguish bright images more efficiently than other RGB models. The system has been shown to detect fire with an accuracy of more than 90.0%.
Goya et al. discloses a Public Safety System (PSS) for identifying criminal actions such as purse snatching, child kidnapping, and fighting using distance, velocity, and area to determine the human behaviour. This system can identify the criminal actions with an accuracy of around 85%.
These systems have been very successful in detecting and reporting various criminal activities. Despite their impressive performance (more than 90% accuracy), the area these systems can monitor is limited due to the restricted field of view of the cameras. The law enforcement agencies have been motivated to use aerial surveillance systems to surveil large areas. Governments have recently deployed drones in war zones to monitor hostiles, to spy on foreign drug cartels, conducting border control operations as well as finding criminal activity in urban and rural areas.
Surya et al. discloses an autonomous drone surveillance system capable of detecting individuals engaged in violent activities in public areas. This is a system that used the deformable parts model to estimate human poses which are then used to identify suspicious individuals.
This is an extremely challenging task as the images or videos recorded by the drone can suffer from illumination changes, shadows, poor resolution, and blurring. Also, the humans can appear at different locations, orientations, and scales. Despite the above-explained complications, the system can detect violent activities with an accuracy of around 76% which is far less as compared to the greater than 90% performance of the ground surveillance systems.
The prior art is not yet able to accurately identify the abnormal behaviour of such individuals and identification of individuals involved in carrying objects of interest or weapons engaging in suspicious activities/criminal activities such as riots, theft etc., in the crowd at public areas.
Therefore, there is a need for an improved real-time aerial suspicious analysis (ASANA) system and method to identify suspicious individuals by recognising poses of an individual in public areas. In which individual poses are detected from the captured aerial video sequence and identify violent individuals. The technology can effectively prevent violent attacks, stampede, and other emergencies; and provide timely warnings for real-time monitoring of anomalies so that timely appropriate action can be taken to curb these activities.
The present invention provides a real-time aerial suspicious analysis (ASANA) system that can detect one or more individuals engaged in suspicious activities from aerial images.
In one aspect, the aerial suspicious analysis (ASANA) system is computed on the processing device and is configured to perform following steps: (i) detecting individuals using a YOLO (you only look once) detector, (ii) Individual pose estimation using a ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) network, and (iii) classification of the estimated pose. The processing device is build with the form of a cloud service, local server, custom silicon, gate array processor, general computing CPU or GPU.
In one aspect of the present invention provides a real-time aerial suspicious analysis (ASANA) system for identifying suspicious individuals in public areas or in a controlled environment, the system includes at least one drone configured for capturing/recording one or more aerial images; at least one computing system for performing analysis on the aerial images for extracting features from the captured/recorded image; a YOLO detector for detecting the individuals; a ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network for pose estimation of the detected individuals, where the ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network identifies fourteen key-points of a human body to form a skeleton structure of the detected individuals; and a three dimensional (3D) ResNet for classification to determine whether anomalies/suspicious individuals exist in the estimated pose. The ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network is trained with an Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) Dataset to perform analysis of the identified key-points, where the Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) Dataset is composed of thousands of images and thousands of individuals engaged in one or more suspicious or violent activities.
In one more aspect of the present invention provides monitoring such as but limited to criminal activities, abnormal events or incidents by the individuals.
In one more aspect of the present invention, the drone is further configured to monitor a coverage area to detect incidents occurring within and/or approximate to the coverage area and respond to these incidents.
In one more aspect of the present invention, the drone is configured to perform constant capturing/recording, and/or can be activated to capture/record based on a specific schedule and/or event.
The aerial suspicious analysis (ASANA) system uses the YOLO detector first to detect the individuals, the ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) network for individual pose estimation, and then the orientations of the limbs of the estimated pose are used to identify suspicious individuals using the 3D ResNet (residual neural network). Preferably, 3D ResNet identifies the posture as one of the violent poses from the dataset and flags the individuals engaged as violent or suspicious.
In one aspect, the system first uses the YOLO detector to detect individuals after which the proposed ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) network is used to estimate the pose of the individuals. The estimated poses are used by the 3D ResNet (residual neural network) to identify suspicious individuals.
In another aspect of the present invention, the 3D ResNet classifies the individuals as either neutral or assigns a most likely suspicious or violent activity label using the estimated poses.
The aerial suspicious analysis (ASANA) system of the present invention is to identify suspicious individuals/humans in public areas using one or more drones. For the safety and security, the drone is configured with a processing device for onboard processing or a cloud server is used to perform computations in real-time, in which a YOLO detector is used to detect individuals from the images recorded by the drone and then a ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network performs the individual pose estimation.
In another aspect of the present invention, the aerial suspicious analysis (ASANA) system is preconfigured with an Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) Dataset. The AVI dataset contains images with individuals recorded at different variations of scale, position, illumination, blurriness, etc. The complete datasets consist of thousands of individuals engaged in one or more of the violent activities such as but not limited to Punching, Stabbing, Shooting, Kicking, Strangling Pushing, Shoving, Grabbing, Slapping, Physically assaulting, Hitting etc.
Further, each individual in the aerial image frame is annotated with several key-points which are utilized by the proposed ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) network as labels for learning pose estimation. The system further includes a regression network (RN) that also uses structural priors to expedite the training as well as reduce the dependence on the annotated datasets. The system further includes 3D ResNet (residual neural network) that classifies the individuals as either neutral or assigns the most likely suspicious or violent activity label using the vector of orientations obtained for the estimated human pose.
In another aspect, 14 key-points are annotated on the human body as Facial Region (P1—Head, P2—Neck); Arms Region (P3—Right shoulder, P4—Right Elbow, P5—Right Wrist, P6—Left Shoulder, P7—Left Elbow, P8—Left Wrist) and Legs Region (P9—Right Hip, P10—Right Knee, P11—Right Ankle, P12—Left Hip, P13—Left Knee, P14—Left Ankle).
In another aspect of the present invention provides a method for identifying suspicious or violent individuals in public areas or in a controlled environment in real time, the method includes capturing/recording one or more aerial images using one or more drones; detecting individuals using a YOLO detector by performing analysis on the aerial images for extracting features from the captured/recorded image; pose estimation of the individuals using a ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network to determine whether anomalies exist in the captured/recorded images; identifying fourteen key-points of a human body to form a skeleton structure of the detected individuals; and classifying of the estimated pose using a three dimensional (3D) ResNet, wherein the ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network is trained with an Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) Dataset to perform analysis of the identified key-points, where the Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) Dataset is composed of thousands of images and thousands of individuals engaged in one or more suspicious or violent activities and the 3D ResNet determines whether anomalies/suspicious individuals exist in the estimated pose.
One advantage of the present invention is used in detecting individuals engaged in violent/suspicious activities in public areas or large gatherings.
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiment set forth herein. Rather, the embodiment is provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
For understanding of the person skilled in the art, the term “suspicious or violent individuals/humans” as used herein refers to the person engaged in one or more of the violent activities such as but not limited to Punching, Stabbing, Shooting, Kicking, Strangling Pushing, Shoving, Grabbing, Slapping, Physically assaulting, Hitting etc.
As described herein with several embodiments, the present provides a real-time Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) to identify suspicious or violent individuals/humans in public areas. In some embodiments, the present invention provides the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system for monitoring criminal activities and abnormal events or incidents by the individuals.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system with one or more drones that is configured to monitor a coverage area to detect incidents occurring within and/or approximate to the coverage area and respond to these incidents.
FIG. 1
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In an exemplary preferred embodiment, as shown in , the present invention provides an Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system to identify suspicious or violent individuals/humans in public areas. As shown in , the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system includes a drone configured with a processing unit , a computing server (cloud server) , a ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network (SHDL) , YOLO detector , a 3D ResNet , a regression network (RN) , an aerial Violent Individual (AVI) Dataset and database .
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In one embodiment, the cloud server performs computing functions in real-time, whereas the cloud server is configured with the YOLO detector to detect individuals from the images recorded by the drone and the individual pose is estimated using the ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network . The Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system is preconfigured with Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) Dataset . The AVI dataset contains images with individuals recorded at different variations of scale, position, illumination, blurriness, etc. This AVI dataset is used by the ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) network to learn pose estimation. The AVI dataset is composed of thousands of images, where each image contains at least two individuals. The complete datasets consist of thousands of individuals engaged in one or more of the suspicious or violent activities such as but not limited to Punching, Stabbing, Shooting, Kicking, Strangling Pushing, Shoving, Grabbing, Slapping, Physically assaulting, Hitting etc. Further, each individual in the aerial image frame is annotated with at least 14 key-points which are utilized by the proposed SHDL network as labels for learning pose estimation. The Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system further includes the regression network (RN) also uses structural priors to expedite the training as well as reduce the dependency on the annotated datasets. The Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system further includes a 3D ResNet that classifies the individuals as either neutral or assigns the most likely suspicious or violent activity label trained using the vector of orientations computed using the estimated human poses.
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In another embodiment of the present invention, the Drone is used for recording the images. The Drone used in the present invention is such as but not limited to a Parrot AR Drone that consists of two cameras, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) including a 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope and 3-axis magnetometer, and ultrasound and pressure-based altitude sensors. Other features include at least 1 GHz ARM Cortex-A8 as the CPU and run a Linux operating system. In some embodiments, the front-facing camera has a resolution of 1280×720 at 30 fps with a diagonal field of view of 92° while the downward facing camera is of the lower resolution of 320×240 at 60 fps with a diagonal field of view of 64°. The frames per second (fps) can vary depending upon the hardware configuration of the system. The front facing camera is used to record the images due to its higher resolution. The downward facing camera estimates the parameters determining the state of the drone such as roll, pitch, yaw, and altitude using the sensors onboard to measure the horizontal velocity. The horizontal velocity calculation is based on an optical flow-based feature. All the sensor measurements are updated at the 200 Hz rate. The images recorded by drone are transferred to a processing system to achieve real-time identification. The selection is provided to facilitate an understanding for the person skilled in the art and is not in any way limiting.
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In some implementations, the limbs of the skeleton are given as input to a 3D ResNet which classifies the individuals as either neutral or assigns the most likely violent activity label. As used herein, the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system is used to identify the individuals engaged in violent activities from the aerial images.
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In another embodiment, the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system uses a pose estimation method and activity classification method to identify the individuals. The Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system uses the ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network for human pose estimation. The SHDL network for pose estimation is composed of a hand-crafted ScatterNet front-end and a supervised learning based back-end formed of the modified coarse-to-fine deep regression network (RN) . The SHDL network is constructed by replacing the first convolutional, relu and pooling layers of the coarse-to fine deep regression network (RN) with the hand-crafted parametric log ScatterNet. This accelerates the learning of the regression network (RN) as the Scatter-Net front-end extracts invariant (translation, rotation, and scale) edge features which can be directly used to learn more complex patterns from the start of learning. The invariant edge features can be beneficial for identification as the humans can appear with these variations in the aerial images.
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Further in some embodiments, various other neural networks, deep learning systems, etc., can be used for the identification of violent activities and violent individuals. The computing system/processing system can identify the persons of interest in real-time. In some implementations, the computing server can be configured to access database(s) to obtain any requisite information that may be required for its analysis.
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In another embodiment, the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system performs the computation and memory demanding SHDL network processes along with the activity classification technique on the processing system while keeping short-term navigation onboard. This allows the system to identify the individuals of interest in real-time.
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In a preferred embodiment, the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system captures images of the individuals and identifies the violent individual in the plurality of the images captured.
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Further in some embodiments, the SHDL network is trained with the Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) Dataset . The AVI dataset contains images with humans recorded at different variations of scale, position, illumination, blurriness, etc. This AVI dataset is used by the SHDL network to learn pose estimation. The AVI dataset is composed of thousands of images, where each image contains at least two individuals. The complete datasets consist of thousands of individuals engaged in one or more of the suspicious or violent activities such as but not limited to Punching, Stabbing, Shooting, Kicking, Strangling Pushing, Shoving, Grabbing, Slapping, Physically assaulting, Hitting etc.
FIG. 2
Further in another embodiment, each individual in the aerial image frame is annotated with several (in this example 14) key-points which are utilized by the proposed network as labels for learning pose estimation as shown in . In an exemplary embodiment, 14 key-points are utilized by the proposed invention without limiting the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 2
In another embodiment as shown in the , the proposed invention provides 14 key-points annotated on the human body. In some embodiment, the Facial Region includes P1—Head and P2—Neck; the Arms Region includes P3—Right shoulder, P4—Right Elbow, P5—Right Wrist, P6—Left Shoulder, P7—Left Elbow and P8—Left Wrist; and the Legs Region includes P9—Right Hip, P10—Right Knee, P11—Right Ankle, P12—Left Hip, P13—Left Knee, and P14—Left Ankle.
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In another embodiment, the proposed Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) Dataset includes images with the above-detailed variations as these can significantly alter the appearance of the individuals and affect the performance of the surveillance system. In another embodiment, the SHDL network , when trained on the AVI dataset with these variations, can learn to recognize human poses despite these variations.
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In another embodiment of the present invention, the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system first uses the YOLO Network to detect individuals from the images recorded by the Drone , then the ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network is used to estimate the pose of each detected individual and finally, the estimated poses are used by the 3D ResNet to identify the violent individuals.
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In one exemplary embodiment, the ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network identifies the several (in this example 14 key-points) key-points on the body of the identified individuals that are connected to form a skeleton structure as shown in . Further, the 3D ResNet is trained on the estimated skeletons for at least five suspicious or violent activities (Punching, Stabbing, Shooting, Kicking, and Strangling) and one neutral activity to perform multi-class classification. In another embodiment, the system further uses one or more violent activities but not limited to violent activities such as Punching, Stabbing, Shooting, Kicking, Strangling Pushing, Shoving, Grabbing, Slapping, Physically assaulting, Hitting etc.
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In another embodiment, the 3d ResNet classifies the individuals as either neutral or assigns the most likely suspicious or violent activity label.
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In another embodiment, the system is configured with a processing system to achieve the identification of the individuals in real-time.
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As discussed herein, the system makes use of the YOLO detector to detect individuals quickly from the images recorded by the drone . The YOLO detector uses a single neural network that is applied on the complete image. This network divides the image into regions and predicts bounding boxes and probabilities for each region. These bounding boxes are weighted by predicted probabilities to detect humans.
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In another embodiment, the YOLO detector is pre-trained on the various categories detection dataset and can detect individuals recorded by the Drone with an accuracy of 97.2%.
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In another embodiment, the ScatterNet accelerates the learning of the SHDL network by extracting invariant edge-based features which allow the SHDL network to learn complex features from the start of the learning. In some embodiments, the regression network (RN) also uses structural priors to expedite the training as well as reduce the dependence on the annotated datasets.
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In another embodiment, the ScatterNet at front-end and regression network (RN) at back-end parts of the proposed SHDL network are described herein in detail. The ScatterNet (front-end) is the parametric log based DTCWT ScatterNet which is an improved numerous versions of the hand-crafted multi-layer Scattering Networks. The parametric log Scatter-Net extracts relatively symmetric translation invariant representations using the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) and parametric log transformation layer. The ScatterNet features are denser over scale as they are extracted from multi-resolution images at 1.5 times and twice the size of the input image.
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The image regions detected by the YOLO detector are resized to 120×80 and normalized by subtracting the image regions mean and dividing by its standard deviation.
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In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in , the pose estimation performance of the SHDL network is evaluated by comparing the coordinates of the detected (in this example 14 key-points) key-points with their ground truth (GT) values on the annotated dataset. The key-points are deemed correctly located if it is within a set distance of d pixels from a marked key-point in the ground truth (GT) via the accuracy vs. distance graphs, for different regions of the body. The key-points detection analysis for the arms, legs, and facial, regions is presented below.
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The arm region constitutes six points namely: wrist key-points (P5 and P8), shoulder key-points (P3 and P6), and elbow key-points (P4 and P7), as shown in . indicates that the SHDL network can detect the wrist region key-points with an accuracy of around 60%, for a pixel distance of d=5. The detection accuracy is much higher for the elbow and shoulder region at roughly 85% and 95% respectively, for the same pixel distance (d=5). Legs Region: The leg region constitutes six key-points, namely: hip key-points (P9, P12), knee key-points (P10, P13), and ankle key-points (P11, P14), as shown in . indicates that the SHDL network detects hip key points with almost 100% for a pixel distance of d=5. The detection accuracy is between 85% and 90% for the knee key-points while the detection rate falls to around 85% for the ankle key-points. The facial region constitutes two points, one the head (P1) and the other on the neck (P2), as shown in . The algorithm detects the neck key-point (P2) more accurately as compared the head key-point (P1) with an accuracy of around 95% as opposed to roughly 77% accuracy, for a pixel distance of d=5, as shown in
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The human pose estimation performance of the SHDL network on the Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) dataset is presented in Table 1. As observed from the Table, the SHDL network estimates the human pose based on the (in this example 14 key-points) key-points at d=5 pixel distance from the ground-truth, with 87.6% accuracy.
TABLE 1
Comparison of the human pose estimation performance of
SHDL network 108 with Coordinate network (CN), Coordinate
extended network (CNE) and Spatial network based on the
detection of the (14) key-points. The evaluation is presented
on the AVI dataset 116 for maximum 5 pixels allowed distance
(d=5) from the annotated ground truth.
Deep Learning Networks
Dataset
SHDL
CN
CNE
Spatial Net
AVI
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79.6
80.1
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Further, the human pose estimation performance of the SHDL network is also compared with several state-of-the-art pose estimation methods; the proposed SHDL network outperforms them by a decent margin.
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In another exemplary embodiment, the detected key-points are connected to form a skeleton structure as shown in . The estimated pose is given as input to the 3D ResNet for pose classification. The classification accuracy on the AVI dataset of each violent activity is presented for 4224 (40%) human poses as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Table presents the classification accuracy (%) for the violent
activities on Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) dataset 116.
Violent Activities
Dataset
Punching
Kicking
Strangling
Shooting
Stabbing
DSS
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The classification accuracy for varying number of human subjects engaged in a violent activity per image is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
The table presents the classification accuracies (%) with the increase
in individuals engaged in the violent activities in the aerial
images taken the Aerial Violent Individual (AVI) dataset 116.
No. of Violent Individuals (Per Image)
Dataset
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In some cases the accuracy of the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system decreases with the increase in the number of humans in the aerial image. This can be due to the inability of the YOLO detector to locate all the humans or the incapability of the SHDL network to estimate the pose of the humans accurately. The incorrect pose can result in a wrong orientations vector which can lead the 3D ResNet to classify the activities incorrectly.
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The results presented in the above tables are encouraging as the system is more likely to encounter multiple people in an image frame. The classification performance is also compared with the state-of-the-art techniques which were developed to recognize the person of interest from aerial images as shown in Table. 4. The proposed Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system is able to outperform the method by more than 10% on the AVI dataset .
TABLE 4
The table shows the comparison of the suspicious or
violent individual identification performance of the
proposed system 100 against the prior art technique.
Comparison
Dataset
ASANA
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AVI
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FIG. 4
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As shown in , in another embodiment, the present invention provides an exemplary method for identifying suspicious or violent individuals/humans in public areas and monitoring criminal activities and abnormal events or incidents by the individuals using the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system . According to some implementations of the present invention, the method is described herein with various steps. At step , is capturing/recording one or more image(s), video(s), (e.g., a human, a location, etc.) by the Drone camera. The drone can perform constant capturing/recording, and/or can be activated to capture/record based on a specific schedule and/or event then the image(s) are transferred to the computing system . At step , is performing analysis of captured/recorded image (s) for the purposes of extracting features from the captured/recorded image and, detecting the individuals using YOLO detector . At step , the detected individuals in the images can be further analyzed to pose estimation of the individuals using ScatterNet Hybrid Deep Learning (SHDL) Network to determine whether anomalies exist in the captured/recorded images. At step , is performing 14 key points identification method from skeleton structure, at step is performing the analysis of the identified key points and then finally identifies the violent activities and violent individuals at step .
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As described above in details, the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system is computed on the processing system and is configured to perform following steps: (i) detecting individuals using the YOLO detector , (ii) Individual pose estimation using the SHDL network , and (iii) classification of the estimated pose using 3D ResNet . In another embodiment, the proposed system is able to detect the violent individuals at 5 fps per second to 16 fps for a maximum of ten and a minimum of two people, respectively, in the aerial image frame. The frames per second (fps) can vary depending upon the hardware/software configuration of the system. Further, in some embodiments, the processing varies depending on the number of individuals within the image frame.
The implementations of the described technology, in which the system is connected with a network server and a computer system capable of executing a computer program to execute the functions. Further, data and program files may be input to the system, which reads the files and executes the programs therein. Some of the elements of a general purpose computer system are a processor having an input/output (I/O) section, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and a memory.
The described technology is optionally implemented in software devices loaded in memory, stored in a database, and/or communicated via a wired or wireless network link, thereby transforming the computer system into a special purpose machine for implementing the described operations.
The embodiments of the invention described herein are implemented as logical steps in one or more computer systems. The implementation is a matter of choice, dependent on the performance requirements of the computer system implementing the invention. Accordingly, the logical operations making up the embodiments of the invention described herein are referred to variously as operations, steps, objects, or modules. Furthermore, it should be understood that logical operations may be performed in any order, unless explicitly claimed otherwise or a specific order is inherently necessitated by the claim language.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the invention. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The object of the invention may be understood in more details and more particularly description of the invention briefly summarized above by reference to certain embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings, which drawings form a part of this specification. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective equivalent embodiments.
FIG. 1
illustrates an exemplary Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2
illustrates the several key-points annotated on the human body in accordance with the present invention;
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FIG. 3
illustrates a pose estimation performance via the detection of key-points in accordance with the present invention;
b
FIG. 3
illustrates another pose estimation performance via the detection of key-points in accordance with the present invention;
c
FIG. 3
illustrates another pose estimation performance via the detection of key-points in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 4
is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method of identifying violent individuals using the Aerial Suspicious Analysis (ASANA) in accordance with the present invention. | |
The work is based entirely on the bells of the Basilica in Quebec City as recorded by the World Soundscape Project at Simon Fraser University during a cross-country tour in 1973. The three bells are heard at their original pitch, as well as an octave lower and a twelfth higher, but all of these versions are stretched in time, often to twenty or more times their original duration. The extended versions allow the listener to hear out the inner harmonics inside the bells, and in moving inside the sound it seems as if we are entering the large volume of the church itself.
The piece is an elaboration of a section of the composer's work Dominion (1991), for chamber ensemble and two digital soundtracks, which is based on soundmarks from all across Canada.
Basilica is available on the Cambridge Street Records CD Song of Songs.
Sound Example available
* Note: an 8-channel version of this work is available, created with the DM-8 computer-controlled diffusion system.
Technical note: The work was realized using the composer's PODX system which uses the DMX-1000 Digital Signal Processor controlled by a PDP Micro-11 computer. The principal signal processing technique involves time stretching of the sampled environmental sound with software for real-time granular synthesis developed by the composer in the School for the Contemporary Arts at Simon Fraser University. Sound densities around 250 events/second were recorded on 8-track tape and mixed down in the Sonic Research Studio at SFU. | http://www.sfu.ca/~truax/basilica.html |
Tuesday, April 10, 2019, the first ever direct image of a black hole and its vicinity was published. There was something special about it depending on one's programming - from science, to astrology, biblical prophecy, or simply on a soul level. If you're a fan of Einstein's theory of general relativity - this discovery shows Einstein was right again.
Researchers used eight radio observatories to collect data capturing the silhouette of a black hole, revealing its shape based on a glowing ring - event horizon - around Sagittarius A* - the location of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.
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The discovery took me on a personal journey. The location of the black hole in Sagittarius A* goes to my story Sarah and Alexander. Next connection - the notorious 11:11 code and the holographic universe.
From the summer into the fall of 2011 I blogged about seeing myself sitting on the event horizon of a black hole looking like a little girl on a tire swing watching endless images come through and never understanding the message. Then in November 2011 - or 11.11 - Professor Brian Greene was part of a PBS NOVA special "The Fabric of the Cosmos What is Space?" And there it was ... reality as a Simulation or Hologram. The concept burst forth into mainstream consciousness moving from fringe science attracting the great minds in science. That reality is a dream or illusion is not a new concept but now they were bringing science and math into the equation.
Video: The stunning black hole photo: What you're seeing CNN - April 10, 2019
At the end of the story everything FADES TO BLACK.
Monday April 8, 2019 - two days before the black hole image was released
Florence was the first name of my deceased mother and also a client both of whom were here on this day. Florence the client, age 37, wanted to know about my UFO experience with my mother as she had read about it on Crystalinks. My mother stopped by to remind me that this is the timeline of our experience in the Nevada desert in 1954. Mom had signed me out of school at the end of March after which we traveled by car to Nevada the experience happening April 4, 1954. My mother loved navy blue. That could explain why I wore this outfit today without realizing it. Navy is also the end-time color before the Simulation of Reality Fades to Black. Interestingly my clients's palm print had the head of a gray alien on it.
My mom delivered her message today then was gone leaving me to wonder if there was something about my experience in Nevada that would follow through at this time. Later in the day the Fibonacci sequence - or code for our experience here - kept popping up. Then I noticed the clock on the wall behind me in the photo read 1:01 - similar to Fibonacci - beginning and ending with - 011. I don't like to play synchronicity games anymore but for some reason I thought this was a message linked to closure which also connects with the 11.11 code.
Over the past few weeks, my 12:12 html file popped up on my desk top many times though I didn't open it or even think about it. It was as if I was supposed to read it, so today I opened the link in my browser. It's all about me and Z and the Great Pyramid Experiment. It also took me to ... Ellie and the Blue Photos
Gyres
Many people visit Sedona, AZ for a spiritual journey usually about healing and energy to figure out who they are and why they are here, etc. My granddaughter Joie, 16, and her friends had a very cool experience there last weekend.
Gyres take us to - the movement of consciousness in and out of the simulation of reality, a black hole going off to a vanishing point, and the Gyres and Geometry of William Butler Yates head of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. I blogged about Yates in June 2011 just before I saw myself seated on the Event Horizon of a Black Hole at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.
Gyres also take us to - As is Above So is Below, The Emerald Tablets of Thoth, The Hourglass in the Illusion of Time, Sacred Geometry, 11.11, or string lights. | https://www.crystalinks.com/BlackHoleFirstImage |
After an extended economic depression, the rise of totalitarian states, and a cataclysmic world war that physically devastated Europe and much of East Asia, by 1945 people around the world were “eager for a fresh start.” They wanted art and literature that expressed the values of democracy, liberty, and a common humanity. Most of all, they craved works that embodied and expressed freedom—whatever that might mean. And although the vast majority of the players he profiles in his new book, The Free World: Art and Thought in the Cold War, are American, Louis Menand is clear that “the artistic and intellectual culture that emerged in the United States after the Second World War was not an American product.” Rather, he insists, “it was the product of the Free World.”
What differentiated this postwar period from its grave predecessor, and from its perhaps shallower successor, was its commitment to a serious engagement with art and culture. “Ideas mattered,” New Yorker book critic and Harvard English professor Menand explains. “Painting mattered. Movies mattered. Poetry mattered.” The question Menand seeks to answer in his encyclopedic yet always engaging book is why—and what did freedom have to do with it?
“If you asked me when I was growing up what the most important good in life was,” Menand writes in the introduction, “I would have said ‘freedom.’ Now I can see that freedom was the slogan of the times. The word was used to justify everything. As I got older, I started to wonder just what freedom is, or what it can realistically mean. I wrote this book to help myself, and maybe you, figure that out.” A general preoccupation with freedom defined cultural and political discourse in the Cold War era. Its organizing principle was the “freedom” of the West versus the “totalitarianism” or the “coerciveness” of the communist world.
Freedom was so important that, in order to be heard, marginalized populations otherwise shut out of the dominant cultural conversation adopted the rhetoric. The civil rights movement defined itself as a “freedom struggle” (and some of its activists called themselves “Freedom Riders”), and the late 1960s and early 1970s brought the “women’s liberation” and “gay liberation” movements. If you wanted to be heard, you had to be arguing for “freedom” or “liberation.”
After the Cold War, this totemization of freedom has only continued, and curdled. Today, the most reactionary political forces—from gun-rights absolutists to Christian dominionists to white supremacists—threateningly demand or piously exalt “freedom” and “liberty.” Emitted from the mouths of aspiring fascists, these words have lost all meaning. “Freedom” is now a floating signifier, tied to nothing beyond “this is something I value.”
What does it mean to be “free”? Is it acting without constraints? Being fully empowered to choose one’s actions? Is it freedom from: the absence of poverty, fear, hunger, and oppression? Or can one achieve true freedom, as some religious mystics say, only within the most rigid and prescriptive of structures?
In the “land of the free” (a phrase first popularized in an 1814 poem), the term always carried amorphous cultural power. In the Progressive Era, conservative and corporate interests conscripted it to argue against regulation and the income tax. Franklin Roosevelt audaciously reclaimed it in 1941: his “Four Freedoms” included the freedoms of speech and religion, and the freedoms from want and fear. (His predecessor, Herbert Hoover, then tried to one-up him by proposing “free enterprise” as a fifth freedom ensuring the survival of the other four.)
Freedom then became the central rhetorical trope of the Cold War, with one side defining itself (with some justification) as “the Free World.” Here, the “freedoms” were of: limited democracy, capitalist economics, the rule of law, and guarantees of individual rights, all observed to varying degrees in different nations, and, within those nations, differently among different populations. The Soviets and their Eastern Bloc satellites gamely countered by trumpeting their freedoms from hunger, unemployment, class conflict, and racism. Crushing the Hungarian uprising of 1956 and erecting the Berlin Wall, however, were poor optics for communism’s claim to be a beacon of freedom, so the movement pivoted to “peace” as its shibboleth.
The US’s cynical embrace of an increasingly nebulous, but never questioned, notion of “freedom” persisted well after the nation prevailed in the Cold War. Dismissing the bloody chaos he unleashed in Iraq in 2003, the late defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld offhandedly said that “freedom’s untidy, and free people are free to make mistakes and commit crimes and do bad things.” Could Camus have imagined conservative Republicans as existentialists?
A general preoccupation with freedom defined cultural and political discourse in the Cold War era.
In the Cold War, freedom was as important to art as it was to politics. In The Free World, Menand sketches out the constellation of artists and movements and works that characterized Western, and especially American, art of the time. And he tries to figure out how this wildly diverse array responded to, and was driven by, ideas about freedom that had become so urgent.
Menand is such a skilled narrator—New Yorker writing may be formulaic, but it’s brilliant for storytelling—that his indelible capsule portraits of the artists themselves drive the book, instead of (as in a monograph) the argument, or even the idea of “freedom.” Even with artists and writers I know well, Menand always offers an unfamiliar detail, a telling anecdote that was new to me. But it’s not just personality profiles: he’s done his macro research as well, and deploys intellectual history, economic indicators, and sociological studies with a light but effective hand. I’d like to be able to write this well.
For all of its foregrounding of freedom, the real through line of this book—ever-present but really never explicitly foregrounded—is the transition from late-modernist seriousness to postmodern deadpan. The push toward aesthetic freedom drove the early artistic movements of the period, from abstract expressionism to the Beats. While some critics dismissed them as amateurish and simplistic (“my kid could paint that” or “that’s not writing, that’s typing”), Menand shows that these artists in fact shared a monastic devotion to technique and craft. But as youth culture and consumerism became an irresistible force, “seriousness” and depth gave way to playfulness and archness. Menand isn’t the first to note the irony of the humorless Susan Sontag serving as the herald of this new era (in “Notes on Camp” and “Against Interpretation”).
With such a massive body of material, the question of structure is crucial. How does one organize it—chronologically? Thematically? Geographically? Most importantly, to what degree should the book be driven by an argument?
Surprisingly, given how effectively Menand uses his New Yorker reviews to forward mini-arguments stemming from the topics of the books under review, The Free World really doesn’t have a central claim—except, perhaps, that all of these artists and thinkers and movements were inspired by and pursuing different ideas of freedom.
Rather, each chapter is a standalone piece focusing on a movement, an idea, a set of artists. Most, perhaps unavoidably, are on the white men and their movements that dominate our understanding of the period. Still, in the latter half of the book, he examines the structural racism, sexism, and colonialism that often thwarted women and artists of color from attaining prominence.
But the set pieces are masterful. While they tend to center on familiar figures and movements—the Beats, Pollock and the abstract expressionists, Warhol and pop art, the Beatles, Sontag—they avoid feeling like encyclopedia entries. And they do so because each one of them goes in a surprising direction or offers a little serendipitous nugget.
For instance, David Riesman wrote The Lonely Crowd while he was reading Hannah Arendt’s Origins of Totalitarianism in manuscript (she was sending him chapters in progress for his comments)—and then gave her book a lukewarm review in Commentary. James Baldwin’s English teacher at DeWitt Clinton High School was Abel Meeropol, who wrote the lyrics to Billie Holiday’s “Strange Fruit” (and adopted the Rosenbergs’ sons after their execution). Menand uncannily, almost offhandedly, recovers the social and personal networks that enabled or shaped some of the most important artistic and critical works of the time.
the real through line of this book—ever-present but really never explicitly foregrounded—is the transition from late-modernist seriousness to postmodern deadpan.
Similarly, as in his earlier, Pulitzer Prize–winning The Metaphysical Club (2001), Menand perceptively excavates the forgotten intellectual and philosophical roots of so many events and movements, and reveals new depths to well-known works. He describes how the American philosopher James Burnham influenced George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, and draws a through line from French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss’s Tristes Tropiques to the middlebrow blockbuster photography exhibition The Family of Man. Isaiah Berlin’s ideas about liberty, Menand shows, led directly to the paperback revolution and, in turn, to the crumbling of obscenity laws.
Menand is also, to borrow a phrase from the disgraced literary theorist Paul de Man (another of the book’s characters), an “arche de-bunker,” using both archival and published sources to correct widely held misconceptions. While Walter Lippman is generally credited as the originator of the term “Cold War,” Menand reminds us that Orwell used it first. Abstract expressionism was never as hegemonic as we now assume it was. The 1960s counterculture was not led by baby boomers: Abbie Hoffman was born in 1936, Tom Hayden in 1939, and Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture) in 1941. Cy Twombly, contrary to a famous piece of gossip, didn’t have to hide his work from his Black Mountain College teacher Bauhausian Josef Albers; in fact, the two never crossed paths. Andy Warhol didn’t aim his provocations at the “high-low art police” like Clement Greenberg and Hilton Kramer, but at Rauschenberg, Johns, and Claes Oldenburg: he “looked at the cards on the table of the New York avant-garde, and he raised the ante.” (Menand still didn’t persuade me that Warhol did anything beyond what Duchamp had already done, but that’s a tall order.)
Perhaps it’s only because I know so little about dance and avant-garde music, but I found the chapter on “The Emancipation of Dissonance” to be the book’s true standout. Menand not only elucidates the conceptual rhymes between the work of composer John Cage, dancer and choreographer Merce Cunningham, and painters Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns, but he also vividly reconstructs the sole work on which they all collaborated: Theatre Piece No. 1, performed just once, at Black Mountain College in 1952. Rebutting a common characterization of these men’s work, Menand argues that “[Johns’s] White Paintings, Theatre Piece No. 1, and [Cage’s] 4’33” … are not Dada or anti-art, and they do not embrace a philosophy of ‘anything goes.’” Instead, he contends: “They are completely committed to a traditional view of art as a transformative experience, and they are highly disciplined. They rule out much more than they permit.”
Freedom for Whom?
Like the other weighty, general-reader-aimed histories of this period—Odd Arne Westad’s 2017 The Cold War, Tony Judt’s 2005 Postwar, or, my favorite, David Kynaston’s three-volume Austerity Britain (2007), Family Britain (2009), and Modernity Britain (2014)—Menand’s The Free World is much of a muchness. “Landmark,” “sweeping,” “encyclopedic”: all of the adjectives that one would expect to find on the back jacket of a book like this do, in fact, aptly describe it.
Even if Menand never fully offers an answer to “What is freedom?,” the book is a rich and layered portrait of the period’s art and ideas, with chapters memorable in themselves that, in the aggregate, offer a remarkably intellectually sophisticated study that, nonetheless, wears its erudition quite lightly. It also might even make someone very much like myself yearn just a bit for the seriousness of the era Menand describes, for its coherence of purpose and concern, in comparison to the chaotic and often solipsistic fragmentation of today.
But then I remind myself that this unity was largely because only a limited number of largely homogenous voices could make themselves heard back then (as Menand rightly points out), as compared to today’s cacophony. Crudely put, a bunch of white guys were arguing about the “future of man,” with no awareness of the fact that “man” meant … that same bunch of white guys. It might be less coherent, and it is often profoundly stupid, but I think I prefer the salmagundi of today.
This article was commissioned by Joanne Randa Nucho. | https://www.publicbooks.org/freedoms-stakes/ |
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Assistant Professor of Physical Education
Posting Date: August 6, 2018
Posting End Date: Open Until Filled
Position: Assistant Professor of Physical Education
Location: School of Education- Physical Education
Status: Full Time (Tenure-Track)
Special Qualifications
In keeping with the President’s commitment to Tuskegee University seeking "Excellence in Every Way," the ideal Assistant Professor will possess the willingness to use their expertise to assist in the university’s efforts to be a sustainable academic organization committed to excellence.
Essential Job Duties and Responsibilities
Teach undergraduate professional preparation courses as well as various activity courses required in the University’s Physical Education service program; Primary teaching responsibilities will include teaching in some of the following areas: Professional Preparation: (Kinesiology, Tests and Measurements, Organization and Administration, History, Philosophy and Principles of Physical Education, Motor Learning, Adaptive Physical Education, Curriculum and Methods of Teaching in Physical Education K-12). Physical Activity Courses: Golf, Aquatics, Archery, Track & Field, Gymnastics, Soccer, Softball, Basketball, Tennis, Badminton, Volleyball and Aquatics.
Advise students in degree programs
Serve on departmental and university-wide committees
Perform all other duties as assigned
Qualifications
Must have Doctorate in Physical Education
Successful teaching experience at the College/University level
Teaching experience within a multicultural environment are desired
Applicants must show evidence of computer literacy, continued professional development activities and community service
Salary
Commensurate with education, training and experience
**The statements contained in this job announcement reflect general details as necessary to describe the principal functions of this job, the level of knowledge and skill typically required and the scope of responsibility. It should not be considered an all-inclusive listing of work requirements. **
APPLICATIONS will be accepted in the Office of Human Resources. Each applicant, including all current/existing employees, must complete and submit a Tuskegee University employment application, resume/CV, (3) letters of reference (with detailed contact information) and copies of unofficial transcripts (official transcript(s) will be required upon hire). Applicants must meet the minimum qualifications and submit a completed application packet in order to be considered for the position. The University reserves the right not to fill the position in the event of budgetary or operational constraints.
Office of Human Resources
Attn: Employment/Recruitment
1200 West Montgomery Road
101 Kresge Center
Tuskegee University
Tuskegee, Alabama 36088
Email Address: [email protected] Fax: 334-724-4319
Equal Employment Opportunity Employer-Male/Female/Veteran/Disabled
Federal law requires identity and employment eligibility verification on Form I-9 within three (3) business days of employment. Must be able to pass a drug screen and background check.
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and Application Development and Integration At Lower Costs Without Compromising Quality.
Boston, MA (PRWEB) May 26, 2010 -- The desire of Start-ups and SMBs to lower the cost of product and
application development and integration took a significant step toward reality as Centricity Systems, a
independent consulting firm specializing in business process and efficient use of information technology, and
BayTech Services, a software development and integration company, announced a strategic partnership based on
a shared vision to raise the quality and success of product implementations and integrations while lowering the
cost to deliver.
The partnership underscores the critical need by Start-ups and Small/Medium Businesses trying to develop new
products or implement innovative solutions that drive operational efficiency while managing the high cost of
development that commonly prevents projects from starting and can severely impact ongoing operating costs and
margins.
Centricity Systems' consulting practice focuses on helping companies identify and solve complex business
processes and implement Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) CRM, ERP, and NetSuite® solutions to achieve ongoing
operational efficiency and scalability. BayTech Services provides project management, software integration and
development, with experienced U.S.-based project managers and a seasoned off-shore development team.
Together, the two companies will offer full lifecycle product development and integration services that include,
process analysis, design, project management, integration, development, testing, training, documentation, and
support. | https://www.edocr.com/v/ndy4bl9k/globaldocuments/centricity-systems-and-baytech-services-form-strat |
I have never been a major fan of the Sherlock Holmes novels and stories penned by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and other writers. Once, I tried to get interested in them by reading one or two novels. But they had simply failed to spark my interest.
I have shown a little more enthusiasm toward the various movies and television adaptations of Doyle’s novels and characters. Mind you, I never became a faithful viewer of the television series that starred Jeremy Brett as Holmes. But I have do have my private list of Sherlock Holmes movies that I consider as personal favorites. Including this latest film directed by Guy Ritchie.
The movie opened with Holmes; his good friend, Dr. John Watson; and Scotland Yard’s Inspector Lestrade rescuing a young woman from becoming the latest victim of an occult worshipper named Lord Henry Blackwood. Actually, Holmes and Watson rescued the young woman. Lestrade and his entourage of uniformed officers arrived in time to arrest the culprit. In the aftermath of the case, Holmes becomes bored and indulges in a series of bizarre experiments and bare knuckle fighting to relive his boredom. He is also upset over Watson’s recent engagement to a young governess named Mary Morstan. Before Lord Blackwood is executed, he informs Holmes that he will rise from the dead more powerful than ever, leaving Holmes and the police unable to stop him.
The story continues when a former ”nemesis” of Holmes named Irene Adler engages the detective to find a missing man named Reardon. Holmes discovers that Irene has been hired by a mysterious man to recruit him, but fails to follow up on his suspicions. When Reardon turns out to be linked to Lord Blackwood, who has ”risen from the grave” as promised, Holmes and Watson find themselves involved in another case.
One can see that ”SHERLOCK HOLMES” is not an adaptation of any of Conan Doyle’s novels or stories; or any other Holmes work of fiction. The movie’s screenplay; written by Michael Robert Johnson, Anthony Peckham, and Simon Kinberg; is an original story. Yet, the three writers managed to incorporate certain small aspects from Conan Doyle’s original works into the script that have rarely been seen in previous Sherlock Holmes adaptations. They include:
*Holmes’ untidy habits
*Holmes’ photograph of Irene Adler
*Watson’s military background
*Lestrade’s comment about Holmes’ potential as a master criminal
*Holmes’ ability to speak French
*Watson’s gambling habit
Before my first viewing of the movie, an acquaintance had warned me that some critics found the plot to be convoluted. After seeing ”SHERLOCK HOLMES” twice, I can honestly say that aside from the opening sequence, I found nothing confusing about the plot. Johnson, Peckham and Kinberg created a complex and clever tale about Holmes’ investigation into the murderous, yet alleged supernatural activities of one Lord Henry Blackwood. The story’s mystery was never a ”whodunit”, but a ”how did he do it”. How did Lord Blackwood rise from the grave? How did he kill three men by supernatural means? And what was his goal? In Holmes’ final confrontation with Blackwood, the screenwriters did a first-rate job in allowing the detective to reveal Blackwood’s methods and goals.
”SHERLOCK HOLMES” also captured the feel and nuance of late Victorian London beautifully, thanks to Ritchie and his crew. One can thank the combination work of Philippe Rousselot’s photography, and the visual effects team supervised by Jonathan Fawkner. I also have to commend designer Jenny Beavan for the costumes she had designed for most of the cast, and Jane Law for the colorful costumes she designed for the two leading female roles. They seemed straight out of the late Victorian period. I could not write this review without mentioning Hans Zimmer’s score for the film. Quite frankly, I adored it. I found it to be very original and unique. I also loved how he used the Dubliners’ song, ”The Rocky Road to Dublin” for two scenes and the movie’s final credits.
Ritchie also had the good luck to work with a top notch cast led by Robert Downey Jr. and Jude Law. As far as I know, Downey Jr. is the fourth American actor to portray Sherlock Holmes. Most of them have been pretty good – with the exception of Matt Frewer – but I must say that Downey Jr.’s performance not only rose above them, but also a good number of British and Commonwealth actors, as well. Aside from two or three moments, the actor’s English accent seemed spot on to me. Even better, Downey Jr. did a brilliant job in capturing the nuances and complexities of Holmes’ character – both virtues and flaws. And he managed to do all of this without turning the character into a cliché or portraying a second-rate version of the performances of other actors who have portrayed Holmes. Most importantly, Downey Jr. managed to create a sizzling chemistry with the man who became his Dr. Watson – namely Jude Law.
It has been a while since I have seen Jude Law on the movie screen. At first glance, one would be hard pressed to imagine him in the role of Dr. John Watson, Holmes’ colleague. Then I saw a drawing and read a description of the literary Watson and realized that his casting in this particular role may not be a complete disaster. When I saw his performance on the screen, I immediately knew that he was the right man for the role. Law perfectly captured Watson’s firm and dependable nature that kept Holmes on solid ground. He also did an excellent job of portraying Watson’s intelligence and bravery as a man of action. I am also thankful that Law did not follow Nigel Bruce’s example of portraying Watson as Holmes’ bumbling, yet well meaning sidekick. Thank goodness for little miracles.
While reading some articles about the movie, I have come across many negative comments about Rachel McAdams’ performance as the mysterious adventuress, Irene Adler. Even worse, many have expressed disbelief that McAdams’ Irene was a woman who had bested Holmes twice, claiming that she had been fooled by her employer. I found this last complaint rather irrelevant, considering that Holmes ended up being fooled, as well. Personally, these are two assessments of McAdams’ performance that I found difficult to believe or accept. In fact, I ended up enjoying her portrayal of Irene very much. I thought she gave an excellent and subtle performance as the intelligent and sly Irene, who enjoyed matching wits with Holmes. Some fans also complained about McAdams’ accent. Why, I do not know. It seemed clear to me via the actress’ accent that she was portraying an intelligent and educated 19th century woman from the American Northeast. Her Canadian accent helped her on that score. When I had first laid eyes upon Mark Strong in 2007’s ”STARDUST”, I had no idea that I would become such a major fan of his. Three movies later, I definitely have. Strong was exceptional as always as the mysterious Lord Henry Blackwood, a nefarious aristocrat with a thirst for power who claims to have great supernatural abilities. Although I would not consider Blackwood to be Strong’s most interesting role, I must admit that the actor’s interpretation of the character as one of the better screen villains I have seen in the past five years.
The movie also featured first-rate performances from supporting actors Eddie Marsan and Kelly Reilly. Marsan portrayed the long-suffering Scotland Yard police officer, Inspector Lestrade. I first noticed Marsan in 2006’s ”MIAMI VICE” and genuinely thought he was American born. When I saw him in ”THE ILLUSIONIST” portraying a Central European, I began to wonder about his real nationality. It took me a while to realize that he was English. If Lon Chaney was ”the Man of a Thousand Faces”, then Marsan must be ”the Man of a Thousand Accents”. In ”SHERLOCK HOLMES”, he used his own accent. However, he also gave a first-rate performance as the intelligent, but long-suffering Lestrade, who constantly endures Holmes’ mild ridicule in order to get a case solved. I have to be frank. When I first saw Kelly Reilly in 2005’s ”PRIDE AND PREJUDICE”, I had not been impressed by her portrayal of Caroline Bingley. I am still not impressed. But after seeing her as Watson’s fiancée, Mary Morstan, my opinion of her as an actress has risen. Either Reilly’s skills as an actress had improved over the past four years, or she simply found herself a better role. I liked that Reilly’s Mary was not some missish Victorian woman prone to hysterics over her fiance’s relationship with Holmes. Instead Reilly portrayed Mary as a woman who understood the two men’s relationship and Holmes’ dependence upon Watson’s presence. Even if she was not that enamored of the detective.
I do have some problems with ”SHERLOCK HOLMES”. One, there were times when I could barely understand some of the dialogue. Especially when it came out of Robert Downey Jr.’s mouth. When it came to using a British accent, he had a tendency to mumble rather heavily. Honestly? I could have used some close captions for some of his scenes. Although I found the movie’s panoramic views of London and visual effects impressive, I was not particularly fond of the gray-blue tint of Rousselot’s photography. According to the movie’s official site, ”SHERLOCK HOLMES” is supposed to be set during 1891. Yet, Jane Law’s costumes for McAdams and Reilly seemed straight out of the late 1880s. Their bustles seemed too big for the early 1890s. My biggest gripe centered around the movie’s opening sequence. The screenplay never really explained why Blackwood had murdered four women and tried to kill a fifth. If it had, would someone please enlighten me?
What can I say about ”SHERLOCK HOLMES”? Sure, I have a few quibbles about the film. But I still love it. Guy Ritchie not only did a superb job of recapturing late Victorian London, but also the spirit of Arthur Conan Doyle’s literary hero, Sherlock Holmes. And he did so with a superb cast led by Robert Downey Jr. and Jude Law, a first-rate script written by Michael Robert Johnson, Anthony Peckham, and Simon Kinberg; and a group of craftsmen that managed to bring the world of Victorian London and Sherlock Holmes back to life.
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Sarah,
I absolutely love these ideas! I am finding with the current E-Learning that I am implementing that many activities are online and using technology. Although this is helpful, I want to encourage my students to engage in activities away from electronics. These suggestions are so helpful, especially for students who work better offline. Providing teachable moments at home, like the ones you suggested, is a great way to get all family members involved! Thanks for the helpful suggestions!
Supporting Students Offline
Many teachers have had to make the difficult transition from in-person to online teaching in a short period of time with little training and few resources, while other teachers have not been given the option to continue teaching via an online platform. Many teachers in the latter case are understandably worried because their students have no structured guidance for how to maintain the momentum they had at school while they’re home.
If you are a teacher who doesn’t currently have the opportunity to teach online, there are still ways you can support your students’ academic and social-emotional growth. Here are some ideas to start your thinking:
- Provide at-home journal writing prompts. These can be practical, such as “Find something in your home that needs to be fixed or improved. Write about what steps you can take to fix it.” Or, have students focus on something less tangible, such as “Write about how you used self-control this week at home. Include details: What was happening? How did you collect yourself? How did your use of self-control help the situation?”
- Encourage students to write letters to classmates, you, or staff members. Discuss developmentally appropriate characteristics such as length, vocabulary, and grammar.
- Model and practice social distancing for students at a meal pick-up location! Bring a sign to greet your students from an appropriate distance; consider adding a joke to get them to laugh from afar.
- Combine academic and social-emotional challenges for families! This could be an “Engineering at Home” task, such as building a fort or designing protection to keep an ice cube frozen, or a task like “Chemists in the Kitchen” where you encourage families to employ math (fractions in recipes), cooperation (working together), literacy (reading the recipe), and responsibility (use of kitchen tools and remembering to set a timer) to create a family snack together. Consider sharing one of your own favorite recipes or encouraging families to use a recipe that has been handed down for generations.
- Nothing will make a student feel more special and connected than to receive a phone call from their teacher. Checking in to see how students (and parents!) are doing and will help ease your mind and reassure your students. Consider setting up a plan to connect with each student in your class on a rotating basis at a frequency that feels doable for you, and keep calls short. Have some open-ended questions in mind to ask, for example:
- Without telling me what the food was, can you describe something yummy you have eaten this week?
- Moving our bodies is so important! What is a fun way you’ve found to move your body or to get exercise?
- What is your favorite part of your home?
- Consider providing social-emotional challenges for a week:
- Monday – Write about a time today that you took turns with someone you live with.
- Tuesday – Think about how a character in a book you’re reading was helpful to others.
- Wednesday – Ask your caregiver how you can help with lunch today. You may be able to get everything that is needed (utensils and plates), clean up, or even help prepare the food.
- Thursday – Say “Thank you” to someone at least five times today.
- Friday – If you start to get frustrated, take three deep breaths before you say or do anything.
- Encourage families to find teachable moments. There are many skills that students of all ages can learn that parents are doing on a regular basis:
- How to put air in a bicycle tire
- How to stamp and address an envelope
- How to read a map
- How to read an analog clock
- Where to find (and how to use) a fire extinguisher
- How to load the dishwasher (or handwash dishes)
Taking the time to teach children these skills now can have a powerful impact on them later.
During challenging times, teachers naturally want to be caregivers to their students. Being away from your students is a challenge that is made exponentially more difficult when you are not able to see them regularly—but o there are still many ways that you can connect with your students and encourage them to continue to find joy in the act of learning.
Written by Sarah Fillion, Director of Consulting & Certification at Center for Responsive SchoolsTags: Encouragement, Virtual Learning, Working with Families
10 Replies to “Supporting Students Offline”
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Sarah, | https://www.responsiveclassroom.org/supporting-students-offline/comment-page-2/ |
By Ebba Albrecht. Bedroom. Published at Sunday, June 04th, 2017 22:17:32 PM. A right mattress is the base to a good´s night nap. You could upgrade a mattress further and a good layer below the sheets to give a bed a fluffy, inviting look in‐conjunction with feel. Add a plume bed or recollection froth mattress pad under your sheets. Either option shall...
By Fredda Ziegler. Bedroom. Published at Monday, June 05th, 2017 19:29:49 PM. Sometimes choosing a theme for a space could be the best inspiration for getting it to feel precisely how you would like it. For bedrooms, one great topic is going and a nation vibe that shall build you forget the bustle of existence exterior the bedroom door. Keep the walls...
By Fredda Ziegler. Bedroom. Published at Tuesday, June 06th, 2017 00:32:50 AM. If you?re feeling adventurous, add some depth to a wall by connecting wall molding in square or rectangular shapes before depiction. The wall molding adds a distinctive dimensional product to your bedroom. For difference, choose a divergent paint color for the molding....
We go now from a generous color palette to a monochromatic décor. This bedroom features various shades of the same color: yellow. The designer played with textures and patterns to create a dynamic décor. Everything here seems to match perfectly and the color shades complement each other beautifully....
Look at these photos and you can pick whatever details you want for obtaining a nice-looking and elegant bedroom colored in red and black. Of course it is not necessary for you to exaggerate and paint even the walls in red or black, but you should try to purchase the...
The bed is usually the most important furniture piece in the bedroom. There are, of course exceptions and the bed may not even be part of the bedroom at all. If it is, however, its design has a big impact on the room’s overall design. A black bed always looks...
Black furniture can be very stylish and elegant. It look great in modern and contemporary interior decors and, since black is a neutral color, you would think that it can be combined with basically any other color. Theoretically this is true but choosing the colors to complement your black furniture...
When decorating a space, whether it’s an apartment or something else, one of the first things you need to take care of is the flooring. Usually, wood is chosen because it makes the space feel warmer and more inviting and because it also has an elegant look. However, wood can...
This bedroom has a décor based on strong contrasts. The ceiling is white and so are the floors. The bed has a black frame with black curtains that feature a white trim. The same combination can be seen throughout the room, in the case of the windows, wall decorations, furniture...
Obviously Baroque in style, this bedroom is indeed grand and over-the-top. An ornate headboard is further enhanced with lavish draping, flanked by wall panels that include generous embellishments of several kinds. Gilded and ornamented nightstands have shorter legs and a more bombe shape, which is of the Baroque era....
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Technological change TC or technological development , is the overall process of invention , innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. In short, technological change is based on both better and more technology. In its earlier days, technological change was illustrated with the ' Linear Model of Innovation ', which has now been largely discarded to be replaced with a model of technological change that involves innovation at all stages of research, development, diffusion, and use.
Beaver Bronfman ; ext. In other words, we will be studying the social history of technology, a vast subject area, both in time, and in conceptual approaches. To geve us a path through this area, we will use a few "texts" to provide focus, continuity, and a point of departure for looking at the subject in different ways. For example, at a very basic level, one can approach the history of technology either as a study in the humanities, illuminating human nature, or as one in the social sciences, yielding causal relations and predictive power. In fact, we will want to try the social sciences viewpoint in considering technology assessment, but, at the same time, our focus on the "unexpected" consequences of technology will involve us in a study of human nature. In recent years historians of technology have stressed ideology, complexity, and system as important factors in the development of technology and in the characterization of its nature. They have also broadened their concerns to provide context from the point of view of the environment, of "consumers," and of women.
It has long been recognized that the last millennium B. It was also the period of the gradual but steady spread of ironworking into central Europe and beyond into western and northern Europe, as well as of the gradual and steady improvement of ironworking technology. Scholars have long sought to link the social and technological developments. Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF. Skip to main content.
MOBI totally free file format on xatucas. You'll be able to read through Medieval Technology And Social Change Galaxy Books your data files everywhere in which There's a link to the online world. Each read through Medieval Technology And Social Change Galaxy Bookser is designed to suit your demands, and there are various to select from. There are various web-sites that offer free PDF data files along with compensated ones. Seeking to determine what PDF e-book read through Medieval Technology And Social Change Galaxy Bookser to have might be tricky, and as soon as you do decide on just one, determining how to work it may be a complete other struggle. There are various available, although not all take PDF data files and ebooks. Lots of organizations which might be planning their unique version of an e-book read through Medieval Technology And Social Change Galaxy Bookser, and as they are all striving to deal with copyright issues, and PDF data files are now acquiring their unique read through Medieval Technology And Social Change Galaxy Booksers to get considered on.
Don't have an account? This chapter examines the importance of the physical and environmental factors that affect an individuals's actions by applying these to the comparative study of classical society versus the medieval West. It examines why classical society, with its indisputable intellectual superiority, achieved so little by way of technological innovation compared to the crude and illiterate peasants of medieval Europe. The chapter suggests that the slowness of technological progress of classical society should not be equated to, or even associated with, economic backwardness or poverty since there is very little information about living standards in classical times, and there is no evidence that they were lower than in the Middle Ages or in the early modern period in Europe either. Oxford Scholarship Online requires a subscription or purchase to access the full text of books within the service.
Skip to search form Skip to main content You are currently offline. Some features of the site may not work correctly. DOI: Strayer and L. Strayer , L.
- Позволь мне объяснить. - Голос его, однако, мягче не. - Во-первых, у нас есть фильтр, именуемый Сквозь строй, - он не пропустит ни один вирус. Во-вторых, если вырубилось электричество, то это проблема электрооборудования, а не компьютерных программ: вирусы не отключают питание, они охотятся за программами и информацией. Если там и произошло что-то неприятное, то дело не в вирусах.
- Взгляни-ка на. Прочитав написанное, Сьюзан поняла ход мысли коммандера. На бумажке был электронный адрес Северной Дакоты. NDAKOTAARA. ANON. ORG Ее внимание сразу же привлекли буквы ARA - сокращенное название Анонимной рассылки Америки, хорошо известного анонимного сервера. Такие серверы весьма популярны среди пользователей Интернета, желающих скрыть свои личные данные.
Нет, больше. В этот момент кровать громко заскрипела: клиент Росио попытался переменить позу. Беккер повернулся к нему и заговорил на беглом немецком: - Noch etwas. Что-нибудь .
Medieval technology is the technology used in medieval Europe under Christian rule. | https://honeycreekpres.org/and-pdf/960-medieval-technology-and-social-change-pdf-97-289.php |
Elton John was forced to call off his first New Zealand gig on Sunday night after suffering pneumonia and losing his voice.
The musical legend sobbed as he walked off stage midway through the concert after being tended to by paramedics at Mount Smart Stadium in Auckland.
‘I’m sorry, so very sorry,’ the distraught 72-year-old told the crowd. ‘My voice is shot.’
The Tiny Dancer singer covered his face and cried as the audience cheered in support, before being helped off stage by several assistants.
Elton – who had jetted to LA for the Oscars earlier in the week – mentioned he’d been diagnosed with ‘walking pneumonia’ at the start of the show.
Walking pneumonia is an infection in the respiratory tract. It is less severe than pneumonia and in some cases, feels similar to the common cold.
Concert-goers said the veteran singer sat in his chair before paramedics came onstage and did a medical check, with a stretcher waiting on the side.
He was reportedly then well enough to keep going for five minutes, before telling fans: ‘I don’t know how much longer I can sing.
‘I just don’t have anything left. I will try but I just can’t promise anything.’
He was helped off the stage, before returning to perform Funeral For A Friend.
Soon afterwards, the emotional singer said, ‘I’ve completely lost my voice – I’m so sorry,’ before being escorted off.
Elton said he was ‘deeply upset’ and ‘disappointed’ in a post on Instagram after the performance.
‘I want to thank everyone who attended tonight’s gig in Auckland. I was diagnosed with walking pneumonia earlier today, but I was determined to give you the best show humanly possible.’
He went on: ‘I played and sang my heart out, until my voice could sing no more. I’m disappointed, deeply upset and sorry. I gave it all I had. Thank-you so much for your extraordinary support and all the love you showed me during tonight’s performance. I am eternally grateful. Love, Elton xx’
Concert-goer Lesley Warwick, from Auckland, said Elton ‘gave it everything he had’ before bowing out.
‘I was so sad for Sir Elton – the show was fantastic and he gave it everything he had,’ she told PA.
‘Before his first song he forewarned the audience that he had been diagnosed with walking pneumonia earlier in the day but he was going to give it his best shot to get through the show.
‘Kiwis are a very understanding and compassionate lot – he was given a standing ovation as he left the stage. Don’t Go Breaking My Heart played and the audience sang the lyrics as he left.’
The I’m Still Standing singer has two more gigs in Auckland, on 18 and 20 February.
It is unclear if he’ll be well enough to perform at them.
Metro.co.uk has contacted Elton’s reps for comment.
Elton is performing in New Zealand as part of his 300-date Farewell Yellow Brick Road tour, which will be his last before he retires.
He previously explained that he’s taking a step back to enjoy the final chapter of his life with his husband David Furnish and their two children, Elijah, six, and Zachary, eight.
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a celebrity story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk entertainment team by emailing us [email protected], calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you. | https://metro.co.uk/2020/02/16/elton-john-sobs-walks-offstage-midway-new-zealand-gig-battling-pneumonia-12247842/ |
COVID-19: Sanitisers not a substitute to handwashing – GHS warns
The Leader of Risk Communication for COVID-19 Response, at the Ghana Health Service (GHS) Dr. Dacosta Aboagye, has cautioned that the use of alcohol-based hand sanitisers is not a substitute for handwashing.
He has, therefore, urged the public to practice frequent handwashing with soap under running water to help contain the spread of the Delta variant.
The Delta variant of COVID-19, which was first detected in India has been called a variant of concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) because of its high transmissibility.
Where the Delta variant is identified, it quickly and efficiently spreads between people. As of 10 August, the Delta variant has been reported in 142 countries.
Although the delta variant is said to be highly contagious, about twice as contagious as previous variants, the same precautions, such as avoiding crowded spaces, keeping your distance from others, and mask-wearing, still work against it.
Dr Aboagye said even though the GHS would normally encourage people to use alcohol-based hand sanitisers, washing hands with soap under running water is the preferred protocol.
He told the Ghana News Agency (GNA) that the Service had observed a significant drop in handwashing especially at public places and cautioned the public not to be wary of practicing the safety protocols, saying, ‘we must fight the COVID-19 safety protocols adherence fatigue to be able to fight the virus”.
Dr. Aboagye said the COVID-19 Delta variant was fast spreading in local communities, hence, enhanced adherence to the protocols together with the vaccination would ensure that all persons are safe.
Ghana first detected the Delta variant from passengers who arrived at the Kotoka International Airport in June of 2021. A community infection was detected in the same month after which about? 136 Achimota senior high school students? Tested positive for the Delta variant.
Presently, a total of 126,313 COVID-19 cases, with 1,142 deaths have been recorded in the country, presently, the active cases are 3,867.
The WHO says even with the emergence of the new Mu COVID-19 variant, the Delta strain remains the top concern globally, appearing to “outcompete” other variants.
Dr Aboagye said with fatigue growing amid the third wave, it was a perfect time to renew public communication, build on the swell of supportive messages from politicians, celebrities, and other people to correct misinformation that has crept into social media space.
The Health Promotion Director said handwashing has served Ghana well as no single case of Cholera has been recorded in the country since 2020, similarly, diarrhoea cases have reduced by 30 per cent within the same period.
Mrs Eunice Teah Dzagli, a Health Promotion Officer at the Greater Accra Regional Health Directorate said although hand sanitisers protect people, there is the need for people to wash their hands to rid of dirts and the chemicals in sanitisers.
“Handwashing at frequent intervals is better than using a sanitiser because sanitisers protect us for just an hour and its frequent use puts so much pressure on the kidney,” she said.
Although there is no readily available data in Ghana on the number of persons washing their hands frequently and the number of people using hand sanitisers, as parts of the infection prevention measures, health experts have said that handwashing was one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of viruses and germs.
The World Health Organization (WHO) says the COVID-19 outbreak has overly emphasized the importance of handwashing with soap to reduce the spread of the virus.
It said hands are the main pathways of germ transmission during health care and hand hygiene is the most important measure to avoid the transmission of harmful germs and prevent healthcare-associated infections.
But checks by the Ghana News Agency at public places such as Makola -the central business district in Accra, lorry stations, banks, and some shops have revealed that handwashing among the public was relatively low.
The GNA observed that at instances where handwashing stations were available, the facilities were incomplete, some veronica buckets had no water, where there was water, there was no soap or tissue, and at some places, you will find just an empty veronica bucket.
Madam Victoria Annor, a shop owner at Makola who spoke to the GNA said she did not boarder to provide a functional handwashing station in front of her shop because most of her clients preferred to use their own hand sanitisers.
Handwashing also known as hand hygiene is the act of cleaning hands with soap under running water to remove dirt, viruses, bacteria, microorganisms, grease, or other harmful and unwanted substances stuck to the hands.
Drying of the washed hands is part of the process as wet and moist hands could be easily contaminated.
To practice proper handwashing, first, wet your hands with water and apply enough soap to create a good lather, rub your palms together, rub the back of your hands, scrub between your fingers, clean the back of your fingers, clean your thumbs, rub your palm with your fingertips, wash each wrist with the opposite hand and dry your hand with a clean tissue.
Ghana as of September 27th as reported on the Ghana Health Service COVID-19 page has recorded 126 new cases, 3,154 active cases, 123,036 recoveries/discharge, and 1,152 deaths. | |
Background: Pain-related cancer creates significant physical and psychosocial burdens for patients. In Jordan there is limited information about patients’ with cancer complaints of pain and their coping strategies for this kind of pain. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess cancer-related pain, identify coping strategies used by a sample of Jordanian patients with cancer experiencing pain, and, to determine the associations between pain, anxiety and depression as well as the association between pain, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlation design utilizing interview and structured questionnaire with a sample of 100 patients with cancer at the pain clinic of a specialized cancer center in Jordan. The Pain Rating Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Cognitive Coping Strategies Inventory were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive, Chi square and multivariate analyses to detect variable associations. Results: Eighty-three patients reported pain of ≥ 5. 82 patients reported anxiety ≥ 8 and depression ≥ 8 on HADS. There was significant association between pain, anxiety and depression (p < .05). Of the different coping strategies employed there was significant association between pain and anxiety and depression and catastrophizing as coping strategies (p < 0.05). Conclusion: While many psychological factors influence patients’ perception of pain and their resultant behavior this study suggests it would be effective to introduce adaptive coping strategies before patients’ pain reached critical levels to reduce levels of anxiety and depression. Implications: Pain management should include assessment of pain and psychosocial factors often associated with pain. | https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/albalqa/vol21/iss1/16/ |
Mental Health Home > Mellaril
The following are some general considerations for when and how to take Mellaril:
- The medication comes in tablet form. It is usually taken by mouth two or four times a day.
- You can take it with or without food. If the medicine bothers your stomach, try taking it with food.
- Mellaril should be taken at the same times each day to maintain even levels of the drug in your blood.
- For the medication to work properly, it must be taken as prescribed. It will not work if you stop taking it.
The dosage that your healthcare provider recommends will vary depending on a number of factors, including:
- The severity of your schizophrenia
- Other medical conditions you may have
- Other medications you may be currently taking.
As always, do not adjust your dose unless your healthcare provider specifically instructs you to do so.
(Click Mellaril Dosage for more information.)
As with any medicine, there are possible side effects with Mellaril. However, not everyone who takes the medication will have problems. In fact, most people tolerate it well. When side effects do occur, in most cases they are minor and either require no treatment or can easily be treated by you or your healthcare provider. Serious side effects are less common.
Common side effects of Mellaril include, but are not limited to:
- Drowsiness
- Unusual body movements, shakiness, or twitches
- Dry mouth (see Mellaril and Dry Mouth)
- Blurred vision
- Constipation
- Nausea. | http://mental-health.emedtv.com/m/mellaril/mellaril-p2.html |
Will travel 20 miles
$40 per hour.
4.91 104 ratings
I've taken and excelled in a number of university-level computer science and programming courses. I regularly code in Java, visual basic, and C/C++. I specialize in Java and can guide your understanding of an array (pun intended) of many computer-related topics. I have a thorough understanding of object-oriented programming, inheritance, exception handling, over-riding, over-loading, data structures, data types, software design, recursion, reflection, algorithm and software development, etc. I have experience tutoring computer-science majors trying to learn Java as another language as well a [more]
Will travel 40 miles
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I went to school for IT security. I have worked as a programmer for over 10 years. I have worked with C, Php, SQL, Html(5), CSS and many other technologies. I have certifications in Web Development, A+ and Database design. Recently, I was certified in Databases, Web Design and Development, and I have my A+ Certification. Throughout my career, I have worked in Hospitality, IT, and Sales, One thing that all those jobs have in common is that I have been in some sort of training role. I have a great mix of real world experience and training as a teacher that can benefit you with whatever subject i [more]
Will travel 13 miles
$35 per hour.
4.95 19 ratings
My undergraduate degree is a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science. I have 15+ years of experience in designing, programming, and debugging software written primarily in C and C++ for the Microsoft Windows environment. As a Senior Software Architect I trained software engineers and interns in the design, programming, debugging, and testing of computer systems for both private contracts and commercial products. For specific programming languages, I am available to tutor in C/C++, Java, Pascal, Basic, and Visual Basic. [more]
Will travel 10 miles
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4.5 2 ratings
I have tutored several languages in computer programming for four years, including C, C++, C#, Java, and Python. I spent two and a half years as a professional writer of computer science courses for Shmoop University. Since then, I have been working as a game developer in Unity. I have loved computers since I was a child, and learned many programming languages through the years. While earning my degree in computer science, I spent a lot of time tutoring C, C++, Java, and C#. I have written professional tutorials for educational websites covering Python, Java, and Scratch programming, includin [more]
Will travel 40 miles
$30 per hour.
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I graduated from Murray State University in May 2017 with my B.S. in Mathematics. I tutored math in college and enjoyed it a lot. It's very satisfying to help others understand something I'm passionate about. I can tutor any level of math through undergraduate mathematics. I also commissioned as a Lieutenant in the Army Reserves. I spend my free time learning Japanese and Korean, programming, and cubing (Rubiks cube). I am currently a contractor on Fort Knox doing software development. I te... [more]
Will travel 20 miles
$50 per hour. | https://www.tutorbowl.com/find/computer-programming/tutors/near/lexington-ky |
Rep. McCarthy, chair of the Healthy Families and Communities Subcommittee, delivers her opening statement at a hearing to examine best practices to prevent child abuse and neglect, as well as how to strengthen and improve services for families in crisis.
Good morning. I would like to welcome our witnesses to this hearing. Today, we are dealing with a very difficult and upsetting subject--abuse and neglect--and we know sometimes, unfortunately, it results in fatalities. We will hear from witnesses on how to improve response for and prevent violence and abuse in families in crisis. Abuse, neglect, and fatalities are of significant social concerns in our Nation.
The official number of children killed from abuse or neglect nationwide in 2007 is 1,760. In 2001, the total was 1,300. Three-quarters of the fatalities are children under four.
As a nurse for over 30 years, I have seen firsthand the risks and illnesses that can result due to abuse and neglect. We know that children who experience abuse or neglect and children that witness abuse have their sense of security, trust, and safety shaken to the core. Studies have shown that young children are more likely to be reported as victims. In fact, of all cases, the maltreatment rate for infants was 21 percent. For children ages one to three it was 13 percent.
The majority of child victims experience neglect. In fact, more than 60 percent of the children who come to the attention of child welfare authorities are victims of neglect. They are victims of acts of omission in terms of their care, in terms of their well-being. Sometimes these instances of neglect happen due to the simple fact the parents need assistance. These parents are not monsters. Rather, they need to be connected with available services or perhaps they need help with basic parental know-how.
We know from studies that the impact of chronic, long-term neglect is devastating to the development of children. Victims of abuse and neglect are more likely to have developmental delays and impaired language and cognitive skills. They are more likely to be arrested for delinquency and violent criminal behavior as adults. We also know they have poor health outcomes as adults.
Over 35 years ago, Congress enacted the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, or CAPTA, with a very simple purpose: Creating a single Federal focus to deal with the front-end issues associated with abuse and neglect. I like to think of CAPTA prevention programs as the first line of defense in the child welfare system.
The CAPTA formula and competitive grants focus on the prevention of child abuse and ensuring continued well-being and safety of children. The CAPTA programs consists of two major grant programs, as well as targeted research, data collection, and technical assistance to the States. These grant programs provide funding for improvements to child protection services, promising prevention efforts, and community-based efforts to prevent abuse and neglect.
CAPTA provides grants to States for technical assistance and requires States to have laws related to reporting child abuse investigations and procedures and resources for working with affected families. In order to receive funds, States must meet a minimal definition of child abuse and neglect.
While CAPTA has brought much-needed attention and change to the issues of child maltreatment, this number still remains too high. The rates of physical abuse have decreased in recent years, but the rates of neglect have remained conservatively consistent, and we know that difficult financial times can certainly aggravate violence in victims, with fewer personal resources becoming increasingly vulnerable.
For example, since the economic crisis began, it has been reported that three out of four domestic violence shelters have reported an increase in women seeking assistance from abuse. That means we have more work to do, which is why I am holding this hearing today.
I want to thank you all for being here, and I look forward to the testimony that we will hear.
Speech from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg53040/html/CHRG-111hhrg53040.htm. | https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/2017/03/09/preventing-child-abuse-and-improving-responses-to-families-in-crisis-nov-5-2009/ |
Henningsen: Why The Base Won't Shake
If there’s anything angering liberals more than Donald Trump, it’s his loyal base of unquestioning supporters. “How can people be so blind?” they ask. They aren’t. They may see more clearly than those denouncing them. Attacks on the president and efforts to persuade his supporters of their mistakes not only fall on deaf ears but actually reinforce the depth of his support.
It’s human nature to resist being told we’re wrong; to defend our rightness, and demonize those who say otherwise. The more we’re told how misguided we are, the stronger our hold on our current beliefs.
But there’s more to it than that. The president’s base consists of people who believe the fix is in; that those who obey the rules have been played for saps by an arrogant and uncaring governing elite. When bankers who almost destroyed the economy escaped punishment – even profited – as ordinary families lost homes, jobs, and savings, it’s no surprise many people decided the promise of American democracy had been perverted.
Long repressed, their anger finally, frighteningly emerged. If American government comes to a halt because of this administration’s policies, they say, "so what? Trump promised disruption and that’s what we’re getting. Deal with it." The more he’s criticized, the more they like him.
This isn’t new. In 18th century America, Shays’s Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion threatened mass rejection of elites, as did the Populist Revolt of farmers and workers in the 1890’s. The grievances of those long-ago Americans have a strikingly contemporary ring, with their rage against excessive taxation, against rigged policies favoring the rich, against government that does things to people rather than for them.
And while those feared revolutions didn’t happen, each played a major role in the long-term re-organization of political life, first in the form of Jeffersonian democracy and, later, the Progressive Era. Whether the playout of today’s divisiveness will be similar is anyone’s guess. What’s certain is that the discontented must be listened to, not lectured to; their grievances must be acknowledged and addressed, not derided and dismissed.
Donald Trump won’t be around forever, but those who see him as an answer to their despair will – unless we take them seriously.
So go ahead. Lecture everyone on how wrong Mr. Trump is. It might make you feel better. But it won’t do much else. | https://www.vpr.org/programs/2017-07-27/henningsen-why-the-base-wont-shake |
There are over 150 spellings of those 44 sounds!
Students who have not been taught phonics, or have found phonics difficult when part of a mixed strategy approach, usually rely on memorising whole words or guessing strategies. These strategies fail as more complex texts are introduced. However, following intensive multi-sensory synthetic phonics instruction, these students are able to read and spell effectively as they master the code.
As mature readers, we employ a number of strategies to encode (read) and decode (spell). But no matter which strategy we use, without an understanding of the alphabetic code our literacy is held back.
Systematic Synthetic phonics teaching aims to give learners the tools they need to progress in a fun and fast paced style.
and moves them a long way into improved reading by enabling them to recognise words by their common spelling patterns. It also greatly facilitates their independent writing by providing the basic rules for most regularly-spelt words.
Year eleven is an extremely challenging time for our students as the reality of exams approaches. Here at Bishop Rawstorne we want our young people to realise their full potential, and aim to provide them with not only the best education but also the best tools to accomplish their goals.
Study skills is a bespoke six week course designed around the individual needs of the students.
The first lesson builds memory skills such as mind-mapping, mnemonics, imagery and colour. Thus, equipping students with an effective revision strategy.
The second lesson focuses on planning and organisational skills. This includes sources of help and support, along with time management techniques and resources.
The next four lessons are dictated by the needs of the students. As there are less than ten students in each group, support can now be tailored directly to meet the needs of the learners. Giving extra academic support in specific subjects or organisational support to ensure our students are as prepared as they can be for their future.
With the many changes to the curriculum, English remains a challenging subject but importantly, a key one in terms of a stepping stone to further education and many career paths. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on literacy skills including: reading, writing and spelling.
With this in mind, the Year 11 literacy classes are taken for half an hour a week by the Curriculum Leader in English, who is also a marker for the exam board. Students will be taught key literacy skills as well as examination techniques and tips to give them the best possible advantage when they come to sit their GCSE English in the summer.
At the beginning of each academic year we identify a cohort from each year group we feel would benefit from being taught extra-numeracy. These sessions are independent from their normal lessons, and are structured to focus on improving the students' key mathematical skills. The students develop their understanding of basic concepts, and they are introduced to increasingly complex problems as their confidence and aptitude improves. We know from analysing the progress of our extra-numeracy students that this extra provision is successful in helping them to achieve their targets in Mathematics.
Throughout Y7-9 some students benefit from a mentor lead paired reading scheme which takes place once a week during tutor time. Students make their way to the library where they are met by an older student who acts as their reading tutor/mentor. Confidence and friendships are built by encouraging students to engage in reading in this way. The older student mentors help the younger students to select suitable books or to focus on the book they are already reading. Time is spent discussing storylines and characters as well as helping to improve fluency in reading aloud. Students then read on during the week so that they are able to return to their mentor the next week and continue their discussions.
As students move through the paired reading scheme they have opportunities to access a range of different reading materials. In Y10 students read independently in a small reading group of their peers. They look at news stories and discuss current affairs. They organise their reading session themselves with one student taking responsibility for guiding the group discussion each week.
Across Years 10 and 11 students are monitored closely in curriculum areas and any areas that underperformance is occurring students are picked up.
Mr Duckworth identifies students that are underperforming across the year, and a range of interventions are put in place. These range from daily 121 meetings to the development of study skills, parental interviews and intervention evenings.
As well performance some students are identified as they are perhaps struggling with the demands of the courses they are taking and they find that keeping up with an increased workload in Upper School can also be a challenge. These students are often assigned a mentor who will meet with them weekly to discuss progress and any concerns that may arise. Currently in Y11 we have 40 mentored students. | https://bishopr.co.uk/curriculum/intervention |
The tall white building at the top of Avenida Del Mar has a golden sign that says Historic City Hall. Most people probably assume this to be true, but in fact, this building was never San Clemente’s City Hall building.
The actual “historic” city hall was most likely up the street a few blocks at El Camino Real and Avenida Miramar. Today, that building houses an independent press agency called Zuma Press, and there is very little information available about the building’s history.
The Historic City Hall building at the top of Avenida Del Mar is also called the Easley Building, named after the man who built it in 1929. The building did serve as the city clerk’s office, and over the years has housed a Bank of America, business offices, a music store and a San Clemente history museum. Today, the office spaces are rented out to various businesses by the current owner.
Oscar Easley was one of the original residents of San Clemente. He was the concrete contractor for many of the original buildings and sidewalks in town. He served on the first city council and he was the commissioner of streets and sidewalks for the city.
Easley poured the concrete foundation for Ole Hanson’s house, the Casa Romantica. His company also laid out the original paved street along El Camino Real. Two years after paving El Camino Real, Easley acquired the property across the street from Ole Hanson’s administrative offices (104-118 N. El Camino Real) to build his office building.
The two-story Easley Building is 9,845 square feet and contains 22 offices. The architect that Easley hired was one of the most well-known at the time, Virgil Westbrook. He incorporated many Moorish designs into the Easley Building.
Many of the buildings in town were designed by Westbrook, including the Bartlett Building across the street (100 S. El CaminoReal) and the Hotel San Clemente (now the Hotel San Clemente Apartments) just down the street at 114 Avenida Del Mar. He also designed the Ole Hanson Beach Club in North Beach.
Photos courtesy of Michelle Marie Photography
Westbrook’s designs were inspirational and magical. He knew how to incorporate the fine and fluid details of Spanish Revival Architecture into _his projects, and his proportions were perfect. San Clemente’s founder, Ole Hanson, was a big fan of Westbrook’s work, and hired him to design many of the community buildings in town. In fact, Westbrook probably designed more buildings in San Clemente than any other architect.
The Easley Building was built by the Strang Brothers, the contractors who built many of the commercial buildings, as well as homes in early San Clemente.
Oscar Easley’s legacy as the concrete contractor in town can still be seen on some of the historical sidewalks around town, which say “O.F. Easley Contractor.” One piece of stamped sidewalk that came from Max Berg Plaza Park has been preserved by the San Clemente Historical Society. Max Berg Plaza Park at 1100 Calle Puente was one of the first places constructed in 1926 when the city was founded.
At some point, the Easley Building was renamed Historic City Hall, possibly by a property owner trying to capitalize on the building’s historic significance. It may never have officially been San Clemente’s city hall, but the Easley Building remains a picturesque reminder of the architects and builders who constructed our beautiful Spanish Village by the Sea in the 192Gs.
Christine Lampert of Lampert Dias Architects is a member of the American Institute of Architects and is certified with the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards. She has lived in San Clemente for more than 45 years, and also resides part time in Hong Kong. | https://lampertdiasarchitects.com/blog/historic-city-hall-the-oscar-easley-building/ |
What should be done with unsettling ‘incidental findings’ in gene screens?
“Incidental findings” is the innocent sounding term for inadvertent but frequently unsettling discoveries made while looking for something else. They happen, for example, when genome sequencing for specific conditions reveals additional genetic variation. This variation is often of unknown significance for health and other kinds of well-being. So, how should it be handled?
Incidental findings that reveal a high risk for cancer or some other serious circumstance can be life saving. But mostly incidental findings are painful and sometimes confusing. At this still-early stage of genetic knowledge, it’s often impossible to know just what effect a particular genetic variant will have, or if it will have any effect at all.
Two years ago, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) held forth on the question of what to do about incidental findings. The group recommended that every time a lab conducts DNA sequencing that a doc has ordered, the lab should also test for several dozen specific genes associated with other disorders. The recommendations included BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants that are well known to increase the risk for breast and ovarian cancer, but they also covered less common gene variants, for example those that raise risk for rarer tumors such as those characteristic of Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
The ACMG argued that labs should not only do these analyses, they should report the incidental findings to anyone who ordered the tests, usually a physician. It would be up to the doc to decide whether to share this news with the patient. But ACMG also argued for disclosure to a patient when the variant is clearly linked to a disease, especially when steps can be taken to reduce the risk. The recommendations were controversial in part because they advocated disclosure even when the patient is a child or doesn’t want the information.
In December 2013, an official government body with the impressive title of the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues issued its own recommendations about how to handle incidental findings. Its new report covered a variety of medical testing, including imaging studies, but put a major emphasis on genetic tests. The Commission’s recommendations differ substantially from ACMG’s. They also apply more broadly, covering not just clinical testing but also research projects and direct-to-consumer genetic testing by private companies.
The Commission’s central message is embodied in the report’s title: “Anticipate and Communicate.” Medical professionals who order such tests should expect the unexpected. Patients should be told before testing that variation unrelated to the condition being tested for might be found. Patients should decide in advance whether or not they want to be told about any such discoveries.
One of the most common incidental findings in genetics has nothing to do with disease. It’s that a patient’s “father” is not her or his biological father at all. Back in the last century when I was a grad student in a genetics clinic, it was said that about 10 percent of purported fathers were not. What the Commission report calls “misattributed paternity” today is estimated to range from just one percent to as much as 20 percent of genetics patients, but I see that one in 10 remains the rule of thumb. That’s quite a significant proportion of the folks undergoing genetic tests.
The implication is that they’re against it. It’s not correct, though, to say there’s never a medical benefit. I recall two such cases from my clinic days. In each case, the father was suffering from a heritable condition and his children were at potential risk. Genetic testing, however, revealed that the patients had not fathered their apparent children, although neither they nor the children knew that.
Sticky. The docs handled the cases with superb nonchalance, however. They happily told the families not to worry, that the tests had revealed the children were not at risk. They simply skipped explaining the reason why.
I don’t know whether docs could get away with that tactful omission today; it’s an issue for the bioethicists (and maybe for policy makers and lawyers.) Today there would also be a greater risk that the families would press for details—or might even be so well informed about genetics, or such sophisticated Googlers, that they would realize the explanation was fishy.
With the possible exception of misattributed paternity, the government report mostly did not get down into the weeds of recommending disclosure of specific gene variations as the ACMG report did. It was grounded in long-established principles of bioethics such as justice, fairness and intellectual freedom and responsibility. The Commission’s recommendations were for the most part bland and unexceptional, not likely to excite controversy the way its predecessor did.
Although the report stayed away from specifics, it urged professional groups to develop lists of likely incidental findings from particular tests and also guidelines for handling them. As a practical matter, that’s likely to mean that for an unknown period of time both medical professionals and direct-to-consumer gene sequencers will be making up policies on incidental findings as they go along.
Maybe that ad hoc approach won’t turn out so badly. Figuring out how to handle incidental genetic findings as they occur in the real world seems sensible and even forward thinking. Misattributed paternity aside, it’s not even clear how often incidental findings will actually be found. Some of the experts think accidental discoveries of significance are a certainty, especially if the test involves whole exomes or genomes. Hence, the sense of urgency in figuring out how to handle them.
Eventually, I suppose, we will find out just who is right.
Tabitha M. Powledge is a long-time science journalist. She writes On Science Blogs for the PLOS Blogs Network. New posts on Fridays. | https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2015/03/24/what-should-be-done-with-unsettling-incidental-findings-in-gene-screens/ |
Of all her work, Girl Under a Tree, 1931, was a personal favourite of the Montreal-born artist Prudence Heward (1896-1947); it was the only one of her own paintings she hung in her bedroom. It is also a work that tells us what was and was not acceptable in the Canadian art world of the early 1930s.
Celebrated for her sculptural forms, defiant figures, and expressionistic colours, Heward is renowned for her provocative representations of female subjects. She was affiliated with the Beaver Hall Group, the Canadian Group of Painters, and the Contemporary Arts Society, but also exhibited with the Group of Seven. Despite Heward’s commitment to painting people, an art critic for the Montreal Gazette wrote in 1932 that Heward was known as “an adopted daughter of the Group of Seven” because she had exhibited with the landscape painters on three occasions. After her death in 1947, the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, organized a memorial exhibition of her work, which toured across the country.
Like many of Heward’s other paintings, the sitter for Girl Under a Tree is unknown to us. The female subject is integrated into the landscape, a type of depiction that fellow Montreal painter Edwin Holgate (1892–1977) became well known for in works such as The Bathers, 1937.
But whereas the female bodies in Holgate’s paintings often echo the landscape itself, the woman in Heward’s painting seems out of place because she is not lying next to a body of water as though she has been swimming, and the light in the painting indicates that she is not naked for the purposes of sunbathing. Artist-critic John Lyman (1886–1967) noted this dissonance when he wrote in his journal: “Bouguereau [1825–1905] nude against Cézanne background.” In other words, the way that Heward painted the woman’s body is very different from the style she used to paint the background landscape.
Nevertheless, according to Group of Seven painter A.Y. Jackson (1882–1974), artist Arthur Lismer (1885–1969) thought that Girl Under a Tree was “the best nude ever painted in Canada.” The largely positive reception of Heward’s painting offers an insight into Canadian morality and the limits of what the country accepted as art in the early 1930s.
When the painting was included in the December 1931 Group of Seven exhibition, it inspired commentary, even some controversy, but not scandal. Four years later, when Lilias Torrance Newton (1896–1980) exhibited Nude in the Studio, 1933, at the Art Gallery of Toronto (now the Art Gallery of Ontario), it was taken down because of concerns that the subject was a “real” naked woman rather than an allegorical or mythic nude, such as depicted in The Birth of Venus, 1482–85, by Sandro Botticelli (1445–1510).
It appears that in the late 1920s and early 1930s in Canada, the female nude in a landscape (as in Heward’s painting) was permissable, while a naked woman in a studio (as in Newton’s work) was not. This is likely because a nude in a landscape struck contemporary viewers as justified, or at least understandable, whereas a naked model in a studio struck them as gratuitous and unnecessary.
Despite Heward’s renown during her lifetime, following the 1948 National Gallery of Canada exhibition of her art, her name was largely left out of art history textbooks for the next two decades. Heward was one of the first Canadian women artists to be rediscovered in the 1970s and 1980s, when feminist art historians began organizing exhibitions and writing about women artists who had been well known and respected during their lifetimes but who had not yet received adequate scholarly attention.
In 1975 art historians Dorothy Farr and Natalie Luckyj curated From Women’s Eyes: Women Painters in Canada at the Agnes Etherington Art Centre in Kingston, Ontario, and in 1986 Luckyj spearheaded Expressions of Will: The Art of Prudence Heward, also at the Agnes Etherington Art Centre. Thanks largely to these feminist exhibitions and accompanying catalogues, Heward is now recognized as an important modernist artist of the early twentieth century, and her paintings continue to garner attention from art historians concerned not only with Canadian art but also with issues of class, gender, and race. | https://aci-iac.ca/the-essay/nude-awakening-by-julia-skelly |
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