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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the testing of air pressurized telephone cables. More specifically, a flow controller is disclosed wherein trace gas under large pressure is introduced through a capillary at a substantially constant volume rate into buried air pressurized telephone cable to be tested for leaks.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Telephone cable is typically covered with a substantially air impermeable sheath--typically made from plastic--and buried in the ground. In order to prevent moisture from entering the cable, dry air systems are used to keep the cable dry. These systems force dry air into the cable in the interstitial volume between the conducting strands and the surrounding sheath. As a result of aging, abuse and continual modification, the sheath systems begin to leak. Because the cable resists air flow, excessive air leakage causes the air pressure in the cable to drop below the minimum level required for protection from moisture.
Current practice for the detection of leaks in air pressurized cable systems includes introducing a trace gas--such as helium--locally into the air pressurization system. Typically, a gas connection is made at a pressure panel appropriately manifolded for the introduction of trace gas. This panel is usually located at a central office or remote air manifold in a manhole. The trace gas is introduced from a gas cylinder through a pressure reduction valve at an operator selected pressure slightly exceeding that of the local air pressure within the sheaved cable. For example, if the local air pressure within the cable is in the range of 10 lbs., it is the usual practice to cause the introduction of trace gas (helium) at a pressure of about 12.5 lbs. Unfortunately, such pressure introduction techniques have not been without difficulty.
It will be remembered that where an air pressurized telephone cable has developed leaks, the local flow rates and local pressures are by definition unknown. The problems that such unknown fluid dynamics can cause can be set forth by considering two commonly encountered situations.
In some cases, in order to appropriately saturate a gas pressurized cable for test, a bottle of helium is connected across a pressure regulator through a manifold. Helium is introduced into the cable for tests. Typically, the gas bottle is discharged for a relatively long period of time (overnight) in order to saturate the system with trace gas so that a test for leaks may be conducted. However, where a large leak is present, the attached pressure regulator allows all of the trace gas to escape. It is not uncommon for technicians to arrive the next day, find the helium bottle exhausted and have to repeat the trace gas introduction procedure.
In other cases, a gas bottle discharging trace gas through a pressure reduction valve initially inputs trace gas into the system. However, as a result of the additional pressure drops caused by the introduction of flowing helium, back pressures in the system rise above the relatively low over pressure of trace gas introduction. These back pressures prevent the outflow of trace gas and are usually not discovered until substantial time has elapsed. Upon returning to the site of trace gas introduction, operating personnel find that the saturation procedure must be repeated and changed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An improvement in the test for air leaks of an air pressurized telephone cable is disclosed. The cable is of the type wherein a number of individually insulated conducting electrical strands are surrounded by a protective plastic tubing impermeable to water and maintained dry under air pressure. The cable is typically buried. The improvement comprises a capillary flow controller for the introduction of trace gas, such as helium into the cable. The trace gas is introduced into the system at a pressure exceeding twice and preferably 10 times the ambient dry air pressure within the cable. The capillary introduces the high pressure trace gas to the interior of the cable by leaking a relatively constant volume flow rate to a discharge chamber. The discharge chamber includes a pressure relief valve--to guard against cable sheath rupture in the case of local occlusion, a pressure gauge--to measure the pressure of the line at the point of helium introduction, and a discharge aperture--which is the point of introduction of the trace gas into the air pressurized cable. Trace gas enters into the system through the capillary at a constant rate which can from time to time be monitored with conventional flow rate equipment. The capillary is selected to provide a flow which is small compared to the total gas flowing through the cable leak (in the order of 10%). The rate of entry is maintained constant with respect to the largely unknown fluid dynamics of the air pressurized cable. This constant rate of entry occurs because the pressure drop across the capillary is large when compared to the variation in pressure caused by the introduction of an added flowing gas. Consequently, prediction of trace gas progress through a sheath telephone cable can be made with more certainty, both with respect to the time of arrival of the introduced trace gas at a suspect leak site and the percentage of trace gas saturation of the system. At the leak site, the trace gas migrates to the surface, is detected, and therefore indicates the optimum site for excavation and repair of the cable.
Other Objects, Features and Advantages
It is an object of this invention to disclose an improvement in the present process for testing buried air pressurized telephone cable for leaks. The process improved includes introducing helium, a trace gas, under pressure into an air pressurized cable system for a predetermined period of time. Thereafter, the intermixed air and helium are allowed to leak through the cable sidewalls. When the leak occurs, helium detectors are utilized to locate the site of the leak. Excavation and repair of the cable then occurs.
The improvement includes introducing the helium at a pressure that exceeds at least twice the pressure of the ambient pressurizing air in the cable and preferably is in the order of 10 times the pressure of the ambient pressurizing air in the cable. The helium is introduced through a capillary so that the helium pressure drop occurs across the capillary. The helium passing through the capillary is allowed to mix with the pressurizing gas without substantially altering pressure within the telephone cable. Introduction of trace gas at a substantially constant volume flow rate per unit time occurs.
An advantage of the disclosed process is that the constant volume introduction of trace gas can be conveniently controlled to be a small fraction (say 10) of the total gas flow in the air pressurized cable. This small fraction of gas flow does not disturb appreciably the unknown fluid dynamics of the leaking air pressurized telephone cable. Consequently, the air pressurization system remains substantially undisturbed during its test for leaks.
A further advantage of the disclosed process is that where a large leak is present and even local to the point of trace gas introduction, the helium bottle evacuates at a constant and predictable rate. Consequently, operating personnel can leave a discharging bottle of trace gas without danger of a conventional pressure regulator emptying the contents of the bottle.
A further advantage of the disclosed controller is that even if the local aack pressures of the system at the point of trace gas introduction change. the constant volume introduction of helium still occurs. Small and local changes in pressure are immediately overcome by a corresponding pressure rise at the capillary discharge. These local changes in pressure constitute a small fraction of the trace gas pressure drop through the manifold. Consequently, the changes in pressure do not appreciably interfere with the constant volume of trace gas flowing across the capillary.
A further object of this invention is to disclose a trace gas apparatus for tests. According to this aspect of the invention, a capillary protected by a filter discharges trace gas. The trace gas is introduced at relatively high pressure at the high pressure side of the filter and discharges into the high pressure side of the capillary. The trace gas equilibrates through the capillary into the discharge chamber at the low pressure side of the capillary tube. A connected pressure gauge at the discharge chamber and a pressure relief valve at the discharge chamber assure that trace gas discharge will not rupture the cable sheath. At the same time, trace gas is discharged in a constant rate of flow into the air pressurized cable.
An advantage of the capillary is that flow rate of the trace gas can be relatively accurately predicted through the capillary. This feature becomes more important when it is remembered that most flow meters are calibrated for air, and not the lighter trace gas, such as helium. Hence, the capillary and the pressure across the capillary can provide a more reliable indication of flow rate.
A further advantage of this capillary flow controller is that it can be adapted to already existent field equipment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects, features and advantages will become more apparent after referring to the following specification and attached drawings in which:
FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating a buried air pressurized telephone cable system illustrating the use of the invention disclosed herein:
FIG. 1B is a prior art illustrating a moisture sheath surrounding a plurality of connectors;
FIG. 2A is a detail of the flow controller constituting the improvement in the process and apparatus of this invention;
FIG. 2B is a detail construction of the capillary tube; and,
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the flow through various sizes and lengths of capillary tubes utilized with this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1A a buried table cable T is shown under a street S. The cable originates at a central telephone office O. Pressurized air from pump P fills the cable. The function of this pressurizing air can be understood with respect to FIG. 1B.
Specifically, the cable T includes an air sheath and moisture barrier sheath 14 surrounding a plurality of individual strand conductors 16, these conductors often numbering in the hundreds. Sheath 14 is typically a plastic material such as polyvinyl chloride. In order to maintain the conductors 16 dry as cable T is buried underground in street S, air pressure is introduced into the interstices within the sheath 14 and around and about the individual strand conductor 16.
Such an air pressurized system anticipates that some air will be lost. The lost air opposes inflowing and ambient hydraulic pressure of water and moisture under the street which might penetrate cable T through sheath 14 thereby potentially causing shorting of one of the conductors 16 to its neighboring conductors 16. Consequently, the telephone transmission of strand conductors 16 is protected. Additionally, the dry air flowing through the cable T within sheath 14 between strand conductors 16 serves a drying function, the individual strand conductors 16 are maintained in a dry state by moisture evaporation into and entrainment by the dry pressurized air.
Referring back to FIG. 1A, cable T is shown passing in the vicinity of a manhole M. A telephone repair truck 20 at the site of manhole M has connected a helium bottle B to a manifold 50 within manhole M. The manifold 50 here happens to include a so-called gas dryer station G for removing drying and recharging cable T with dry gases. A telephone repair person 30 is shown with a helium detector 32. The helium detector operates through a funnel shaped collector 34.
For purposes of illustration, telephone cable T has been illustrated with a leak L. As in the prior art systems, leak L will discharge both the ambient air and the introduced trace gas from bottle B. The trace gas will percolate to the surface of the street S where it will be collected at funnel 34 and analyzed at meter 32 identifying to the operator 30 the site of the leak L. Thereafter, excavation will occur and leak L will be repaired.
It will be understood that helium within bottle B is normally at pressures exceeding a 1,000 psi. In order to discharge helium, a pressure reducing valve 40 is connected to bottle B at outlet 42. Gas flows into a manifold 50 within manhole M.
The improvement in the disclosed invention constitutes the capillary flow controller C installed between the outlet of the pressure reduction valve 40 and the inlet at manifold 50 to the telephone cable T. This improved apparatus can best be observed at FIG. 2.
Referring to FIG. 2A, the capillary flow controller C is illustrated in detail. Typically, an air fitting 60 accepts helium from pressure reducing valve 40 on bottle B. Helium passes into tubing 62 and then through a capillary tube 70 into a discharge chamber 82.
The construction of the capillary tube 70 can best be seen with respect to FIG. 2B. Specifically, tube 62 terminates at end 63 to O ring 64. O ring 64 traps a cup shaped filter 65 within a cup shaped indentation 66. The function of cup indentation 66 is to keep the filter away from the capillary entrance to maintain flow through the cup shaped filter 65 into the capillary 70.
Cup shaped filter 65 is open adjacent O ring 64. Helium is therefore free to flow through both the end wall 67 as well as the sidewall 68 of cup shaped filter 65. Gases so flowing find their entrance into the capillary 70. Typically, pressure of the helium in tube 62 is maintained at least twice the pressure of the ambient air within the telephone cable T. Preferably, the pressure can be 10 times as high as air pressure within cable T.
Normally, such high trace gas pressure if directly introduced into a telephone cable sheath would cause the cable sidewalls to burst. Here, however, because of the pressure drop and constant flow rate through capillary 70, such bursting does not occur.
Returning to FIG. 2A, capillary 70 discharges into a discharge chamber 82. Discharge chamber 82 is preferably connected to a safety valve 83 to discharge pressures in excess of those that could rupture the cable sheath. At the same time, a pressure valve 84 may be attached to discharge chamber 82 to monitor the actual pressure at the discharge chamber.
Safety valve 83 has a specific purpose. On occasion, points of trace gas introduction are immediately occluded. If such an immediate occlusion occurs, pressure relief is provided at once by valve 83.
Discharge chamber 82 exhausts through an outlet 87 to the cable. As illustrated here, optionally a flow meter F is connected between the discharge 87 and the air connection to the cable at 50 in manifold M (see FIG. 1A).
The reader will understand that the disclosed capillary flow controller introduces trace gas into the system at a substantially constant flow rate. This flow rate remains relatively constant despite wide fluctuations in pressure within the telephone cable T.
In normal air pressurization systems, air passes into the system under pressure at roughly predictable flow rate, Using this roughly predictable flow rate. operating personnel estimate the time required to saturate air with trace gas within a section of the cable to be tested. When this predictable saturation of a section for test is realized, tests for leaks may proceed.
The reader may therefore understand the improvement of the present apparatus and process. Clearly if trace gas introduction disturbs the fluid dynamics of the cable to the extent that ambient flow rates are disturbed, saturation of the system with trace gas becomes less predictable.
Telephone cables are usually pressurized in the range of 10 lbs. Pressures can range interior of the cable in a usual range from a high range of 12 lbs. per square inch to an approximate low range of 4 lbs. per square inch.
Dependent upon the desired standard cubic feet per hour of trace gas to be introduced, both capillary length and diameter can be changed. Experimental testing of such a capillary flow has yielded the following results: ##TBL1##
The above data has been utilized to generate an empirical equation for the volume of flow V. The equation is: ##EQU1##
It has been determined that calculated flow utilizing the above derived equation corresponds closely with measured flow. Specifically, attention is directed to the plot of FIG. 3.
It can be seen by the foregoing that the invention herein disclosed can have capillaries substituted to fit the particular flow rates required for an appropriate trace gas test. Further, gas pressure drop across the same capillary can be grossly varied to produce corresponding gross changes in flow rate.
In practice, introducing a trace gas having a flow rate in the order of 10% the estimated flow rate of gas within a telephone cable T is preferred. Such a level of trace gas enables detection of leaks having serious effect on the pressurization of telephone cable. | |
Archaeologists have uncovered the earliest human footprints ever found in the Arabian peninsula.
They are believed to be around 120,000 years old and lie at the site of an ancient lake in the modern-day Nefud Desert.
This region was crucial in the migration of humans out of Africa and into the rest of the world, serving as the gateway between Africa and Eurasia.
It is thought humans appeared in Africa around 300,000 years ago and did not reach the Levant for more than 150,000 years.
Experts previously believed humans made this journey along coastal routes, but the researchers behind the latest finding believe this may not necessarily be true.
They theorise that instead of following the ocean, humans may have taken inland routes and followed lakes and rivers.
Alongside the human marks are 233 fossils and 369 animal tracks, including 44 elephant and 107 camel footprints, indicating the lake was a popular watering hole.
'The presence of large animals such as elephants and hippos, together with open grasslands and large water resources, may have made northern Arabia a particularly attractive place to humans moving between Africa and Eurasia,' says the study's senior author Michael Petraglia of the Max Planck Institute.
Today, the Arabian Peninsula is characterised by vast, arid deserts that would have been inhospitable to early people and the animals they hunted down.
But research over the last decade has shown this wasn't always the case and it would have been lush and humid in a period known as the last interglacial.
Professor Ian Candy from Royal Holloway, co-author of the study, says this period of time is 'an important moment in human prehistory'.
'Environmental changes during the last interglacial would have allowed humans and animals to disperse across otherwise desert regions, which normally act as major barriers during the less humid periods, such as today,' he adds.
'These findings suggest human movements beyond Africa during the last interglacial extended into Northern Arabia, highlighting the importance of this region for the study of human prehistory.'
The footprints were discovered in 2017 when erosion removed sediment which sat on top of the immortalised footprints, exposing them to view.
'Footprints are a unique form of fossil evidence in that they provide snapshots in time, typically representing a few hours or days, a resolution we tend not to get from other records,' the paper's first author Mathew Stewart, of the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Germany, told AFP.
The prints were dated using a technique called optical stimulated luminescence - blasting light at sand grains and measuring the amount of energy they emit.
Sand grains that are uncovered after a long time protected from sunlight act as a 'natural clock', the researchers say.
As soon as they are exposed again, measurements of the quartz reveals how long has elapsed since they were last visible.
Of the hundreds of prints discovered at the site, a total of seven were found to be from hominins.
Four of them, the researchers say with confidence, came from a small group of two or three people travelling together.
The researchers claim the footprints are from Homo sapiens and not another similar species, such as Neanderthals.
They came to this conclusion by estimating height, gait and mass of the individuals that created the imprints.
Neanderthals are also not known to have been in the region at this time.
The wide range of prints indicates this was a popular area and humans did not live by the lake as there are no stone tools.
As a result, the researchers believe the lake was used by humans to collect water, and probably to hunt animals who also flocked to its banks.
The research is due to be published in Science Advances.
This article has been adapted from its original source.
Via SyndiGate.info
© Associated Newspapers Ltd. | https://www.albawaba.com/editors-choice/archaeologists-uncover-earliest-human-footprints-ever-found-arabian-peninsula |
Conservation, Education, Inspiration
The National Botanic Garden of Wales is a charity dedicated to the research and conservation of biodiversity, to sustainability, lifelong learning and the enjoyment of the visitor.
We have the following goals to
- Be a centre for integrated plant conservation at a local, national and international level
- Be an internationally recognised centre for plant sciences research
- Develop and maintain the gardens and other collections to the highest curatorial presentational standards
- Provide exemplary formal and informal education and interpretation for all ages and abilities, promoting the understanding of the connection between people, plants, the environment and their role in a sustainable future.
- Be a successful leading visitor attraction within the UK, offering an outstanding experience and value for money to the visitor
- Develop and maintain the infrastructure and staffing to meet the needs of the institution
- Create a financially sustainable institution
- Become an iconic Welsh institution
To do this we will
- Be collaborative, internally and externally
- Be sustainable, both environmentally and financially.
- Communicate our relevance to all different audiences and stakeholders
- Work in an effective and integrated way
- Demonstrate best practice
- Be innovative
- Foster a culture of mutual respect amongst trustees, staff, volunteers, members, visitors and stakeholders. | https://botanicgarden.wales/about-the-garden/mission/ |
Vincent van Gogh, The Bedroom at Arles, October 1889. Oil on canvas, 22 11/16 x 29 1/8 in. Musée d’Orsay, Paris. © RMN-Grand Palais/Hervé Lewandowski/Art Resource, NY.
If all you got from it was the opportunity to stand in front of Vincent van Gogh’s heartbreakingly beautiful painting The Bedroom in Arles, the upcoming exhibition at The Phillips Collection would be well worth the visit. After all, this will be DC’s first van Gogh exhibition in fifteen years, and the first in the Phillips’ history.
There’s more, however. This exhibit is an exquisite study of the artist’s process.
In 1889, Vincent van Gogh set up his easel on a village road and hastily painted an oil sketch of the scene on an improvised canvas of stretched fabric. Later that year he would paint it again, on a proper canvas sent by his brother Theo.
Vincent van Gogh, The Large Plane Trees (Road Menders at Saint-Rémy), 1889. Oil on fabric, 28 7/8 x 36 1/8 in. The Cleveland Museum of Art. Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1947.
The former work, The Large Plane Trees, was acquired by The Cleveland Museum of Art in the 1940s, as was the latter work, The Road Menders, by The Phillips Collection founder Duncan Phillips. The two works are reunited for the first time in DC at Van Gogh Repetitions, opening at The Phillips Collection on October 12.
Vincent van Gogh, The Road Menders, 1889. Oil on canvas, 29 x 36 1/2 in. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC. Acquired 1949.
That seems a very straightforward introduction. But it’s an intense experience for the arts viewer to stand in front of these two works, to think of them and their journey across time, the improbability of their survival and reunion given van Gogh’s tortured end. Van Gogh, famously unappreciated during his life, is so beloved now that any exhibition of his work is bound to be popular. Here, co-organizers The Phillips Collection and The Cleveland Museum of Art seek to present a new view of van Gogh. It’s an investigation of his process through comparison of what he termed “repetitions.” Van Gogh’s practice of repeatedly painting the same subject, either by revisiting his own treatment of it or by copying the works of other artists, was a reliable technique by which he honed his craft. By focusing on the artist’s methods, rather than the man’s madness, the exhibit succeeds as a thoughtful study providing a new appreciation for his work.
Over thirty paintings and works on paper will be on view at The Phillips Collection through January 26, 2014. Given the meditative aspect of both the Phillips (one of my favorite places to just quietly wander) and the exhibit itself, entry for non-members will be by dated and timed reservation. With tickets at only $12, return visits over the four months are entirely feasible, and I think you’ll want to see such pieces as The Bedroom at Arles (on loan from the Musee d’Orsay) repeatedly. There’s much to ponder about van Gogh’s process, such as in the permutations of portraits of the Roulin family – postman Joseph, his wife Camille, their baby Marcelle – who seem to breathe again as you observe van Gogh’s attempts to capture their likenesses and personalities.
Vincent van Gogh, L’Arlésienne (Madame Joseph-Michel Ginoux),1888–89. Oil on canvas, 36 x 29 in. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Bequest of Sam A. Lewisohn, 1951.
There’s also an intimacy to this exhibit that rises unexpectedly. I experienced this first hand upon viewing the two perspectives of Madame Ginoux (“L’Arlesienne”), first in van Gogh’s copy of Gaugin’s sketch, and then in the further repetition of his own work. Familiar with the profile version of L’Arlesienne from many Metropolitan Museum of Art visits as a child, it was a revelation to see Madame straight-on in Rome’s National Gallery of Modern Art acquisition of van Gogh’s copy of a Gaugin sketch. To see the kindness in her eyes that van Gogh captured, completely different from the look Gaugin saw, was a happy surprise. She came vibrantly alive for me, as did a strong sense of van Gogh’s technique and artistry.
Vincent van Gogh, L’Arlesienne, 1890. Oil on canvas, 23 5/16 x 19 3/4in. Rome, National Gallery of Modern Art. By permission of Ministero dei Beni, delle Attività Culturalie del Turismo.
Van Gogh Repetitions will be on view at The Phillips Collection from October 12, 2013 through January 26, 2014. Admission (for non-members with a dated/timed ticket): $12. The Phillips Collection is located at 1600 21st Street NW, Washington DC 20009. Closest Metro stop: Dupont Circle (Red line). For more information visit the exhibition website. | http://www.welovedc.com/2013/10/11/we-love-arts-van-gogh-repetitions-at-the-phillips-collection/ |
The work of LCEC is characterized by different partnerships with the private and public sectors, both nationally and internationally. LCEC is successful in establishing partnerships and in aligning efforts towards the achievement of national objectives in energy efficiency and renewable energy.
The Ministry for Energy and Water is the central public organization in charge of the energy sector in Lebanon. LCEC is affiliated to the Ministry of Energy and Water in all major decisions, initiatives and projects related to energy efficiency and renewable energy.
LCEC is also the technical arm of the Central Bank of Lebanon (BDL) in the review and evaluation of all technical applications to low-interest energy loans submitted to BDL.
In addition, LCEC keeps productive relationships with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Industry, and the Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR). LCEC has excellent work partnerships with Electricité Du Liban (EDL), the Industrial Research Institute (IRI), the Lebanese Standards Institution Libnor, the Order of Engineers and Architects in Beirut, ESCWA, and UNIFIL. In addition to solar water heaters and solar PV companies, energy service companies (ESCOs), commercial facilities, embassies, financial institutions, universities, philanthropic organizations, and other non-governmental groups.
At the international level, LCEC is the national focal point of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the Energy Department at the League of Arab States (LAS), the Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP), and the Energy Charter.
Furthermore, LCEC is the national coordinator of many EU-funded projects and initiatives, namely TAEIX, MED-ENEC, CES-MED, SISSAF, SHAAMS, MED-SOLAR, EDILE, and SUDEP.
The cooperation between the Italian Ministry of Environment Land and Sea (IMELS) and the Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation (LCEC) dates back to January 2013 when the MEDiterranean DEvelopment of Support schemes for solar Initiatives and Renewable Energies (MED-DESIRE Project) was launched. MED-DESIRE was co-funded by the European Union through the ENPI CBC MED Programme 2007-2013. Based on the success of the cooperation between IMELS and LCEC, a technical cooperation agreement on sustainable development was signed in Rome in 2016. The objective of the agreement is to strengthen bilateral relations between Italy and Lebanon in the field of sustainable development and the fight against climate change.
LCEC represents the national committee of the World Energy Council (WEC). LCEC is a founding member and member of the Board of Trustees of the Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE).
Finally, the LCEC is developing partnerships with international entities like the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). | http://www.lcec.org.lb/en/LCEC/Partnerships |
Do you set daily or weekly writing goals, and consistently meet them? If you live and die by the idea that you have to write every day, you might be someone who writes slow and steady. Slow and steady writers will chunk out their work and try to reach a certain word or page count goal every day or every week. This type of novelist keeps a steady pace, pushing forward one step at a time.
Are You a Binge Writer?
Are you a binge writer? There are a lot of bad connotations associated with binging anything. Perhaps you binge watch shows or you binge eat when you're stressed. Did you know you could also binge write?
What is Your Writing Style?
Hello lovelies, and welcome back to the blog. Today I want to take some time to talk about how authors get their books written. Do you have a way that you like to write your books? What I mean by this is a process of getting the words down on the page? There are plenty …
What is a First Draft? | https://zoejanecarmina.com/category/draft-1/ |
Swamped with your writing assignments? Take the weight off your shoulder!
Submit your assignment instructions
part 1
Progress reports are due over the course of your internship, to be uploaded directly to the Practice Office through this google classroom platform.. Progress reports should highlight substantive internship activities and experiences. Progress reports should be approximately 2 pages single-spaced, using 12-point font and 1-inch margins. Use numbers and section headings within each progress report.
Final Progress Report should include:
1. Total (cumulative) number of hours completed at the time of submission.
2. Discussion of any major changes to internship scope of work and any problems.
3. Discuss your progress in developing the main competencies identified in your Practice
Learning Contract, and your overall satisfaction with the progress that you are making in
achieving your internship aims
4. Critical Reflection:
a. Discuss the various factors that contribute to and detract from your project, team,
division, and/or the agency’s effectiveness. Use questions relevant to your
internship from Hoff as a guide. Have a brief conversation with your preceptor or
another experienced staff person in the organization asking their opinion on what
organizational factors contribute or detract from project/team/division/or agency
effectiveness. Include both your observations and those of the staff member in your
reflection.
b. Have a conversation with your preceptor and/or another experienced staff member
about the qualifications and personal qualities that they would like to see in
employees. Based on this discussion, reflect on your progress in developing these
qualifications and qualities and outline a plan for addressing any gaps that you have identified.
c. Briefly discuss the organization’s progress towards advancing racial, gender, and/or class equity
part 2 fill out the form
To aid in planning portfolio products to be submitted, each student completes a worksheet that identifies the planned products and related foundational and concentration competencies. Students will meet individually with the course instructor to review the worksheet, and discuss any adjustments needed to identify quality products that demonstrate attainment of specific competencies. | https://www.smartessayguides.com/2022/08/22/part-1progress-reports-are-due-over-the-course-of-your-internship-to-be-upload/ |
This edition published in 2009 by Basic Books in New York.
Written in English
Previews available in: English
|Edition||Availability|
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The Crowded Universe
2009, Perseus Books Group
E-book in English
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The crowded universe: the search for living planets
2009, Basic Books
in English
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The crowded universe
First published in 2009
SubjectsExobiology, Extrasolar planets, Habitable planets, Nonfiction, Science
Work Description
We are nearing a turning point in our quest for life in the universe-we now have the capacity to detect Earth-like planets around other stars. But will we find any? In The Crowded Universe, renowned astronomer Alan Boss argues that based on what we already know about planetary systems, in the coming years we will find abundant Earths, including many that are indisputably alive. Life is not only possible elsewhere in the universe, Boss argues-it is common. Boss describes how our ideas about planetary formation have changed radically in the past decade and brings readers up to date on discoveries of bizarre inhabitants of various solar systems, including our own. America must stay in this new space race, Boss contends, or risk being left out of one of the most profoundly important discoveries of all time: the first confirmed finding of extraterrestrial life.
Classifications
|Library of Congress||QB820 .B676 2009|
|Dewey||523.2/4|
The crowded universe
the search for living planets
This edition published in 2009 by Basic Books in New York.
Table of Contents
|The struggle to find new worlds|
|Eccentric planets|
|Kiss my lips, Tootsie|
|The Mars gold rush|
|D. Instability: if I did it, here's how it happened|
|The battle of Prague|
|The comedy central approach|
|Transits gone wild|
|300 Solar systems and counting.|
Edition Notes
Includes index. | https://openlibrary.org/books/OL17103211M/The_crowded_universe |
Mount Laurel, NJ-- Parker McCay shareholder, John C. Gillespie, has been announced as the 2015 recipient of the Burlington County Bar Association’s Haines Award, the association’s highest honor. Mr. Gillespie was nominated by his peers for this prestigious award.
The Haines Award was created in honor of the late Judge Haines’ accomplishments as an attorney and judge and is presented to a bar member who best exemplifies the qualities of Judge Haines: personal integrity, devotion to the legal profession and legal scholarship, and dedication to the justice system and the people of Burlington County.
Mr. Gillespie is the Chair of Parker McCay’s Municipal and Government Department. He concentrates his practice in the areas of municipal law, governmental defense litigation, land use and tax appeals. Gillespie serves as Municipal Attorney in three municipalities in Burlington County, and has previously served as Township Attorney to four other municipalities in Burlington County. He is Associate Counsel to the New Jersey State League of Municipalities; Treasurer of the New Jersey Institute of Local Government Attorneys; Third Circuit Regional Vice President of the International Municipal Lawyers Association; and a member of the New Jersey Planning Officials He is also a member of the Board of Trustees for Samaritan Healthcare & Hospice.
Mr. Gillespie resides in Marlton. | http://www.parkermccay.com/newsroom-26 |
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This study aims to analyze how workers and business elite as networks in Egypt evolved within the century by comparing two ruptures in country’s last century which are revolutions in 1919 and 2011. Social network analysis argues that networks are the mobilizing structures of the societies and in this regard, workers are the prominent network in Egypt. Their role has been compared with business elite to state two poles of the society when it comes to revolutions. Major finding is that workers are the pillars of nationwide revolutions of Egypt while an Egyptian elite in business world struggles to emerge and gain power in economics and politics in the last century. Repertoires of actions of workers makes them a threat for authorities and strength of ties among actors and the coherency of the network is the main difference of them from other networks, particularly business elite. In the thesis, not only role of workers and business elite but also two revolutions from their emergence to the results will be compared.
Subject Keywords
Islam and politics
,
Islam and politics
,
Social networks analysis
,
Egypt
,
revolutions
URI
http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12623678/index.pdf
https://hdl.handle.net/11511/43905
Collections
Graduate School of Social Sciences, Thesis
METU IIS - Integrated Information Service
[email protected]
You can transmit your request, problems about OpenMETU. | https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/43905 |
Pynchon's encodings of cultural context are what the "Pynchon Industry" most often misses in its analysis of Pynchon's texts. The "theme" of communicative "entropy" receives a good deal of attention, but precisely how and why communication breaks down for Pynchon's characters is less successfuly scrutinized. Perhaps Randolph Driblette's lamentation in The Crying of Lot 49 that "everybody" is "so interested in texts" is a telling indicator of why this happens (Pynchon, 78). Pynchon is as much aware of the interpretive and discursive habits of the culture of literary criticism as he is of any. He knows that literary critics are accustomed to tracing only a single allusive vector, that between institutionally accepted "literary" materials. So he introduces distracting allusions to television and technology, to nonexistent texts like Driblette's Courier's Tragedy, and in the course of doing so he embeds a misdirection within a parody of the act of literary interpretation. Oedipa Mass goes on a wild goose chase to reconcile a series of editions of the play (a staple activity of literary critics). When she appeals to Driblette for a solution to her puzzle, he says:
With this deceptive softball of a passage, Pynchon leaves the literary critic with two obvious choices. Either Driblette speaks with the authority of the author, and Pynchon is asserting the epistemological privelege of the individual over a community (a community of scholars or a linguistic community), or his words are simply rhetorical drivel. It is such an irresistible choice that the passage above is one of the most quoted in any full-length book devoted to the author. Alec McHoul and David Wills, avowed advocates of a Derridean discursive agenda, provide a classic response:
McHoul and Wills are quick to seize upon the familiar beefs of post-structuralist interpretation, bristling at Driblette's talk of "truth" and at his quick dismissal of "traces". And Oedipa, of course, will not be so easily fooled. McHoul and Wills will eventually pick the second obvious choice. In their view, Driblette does not speak for Pynchon, or even for himself. Rather, this passage is a feint designed to lull idle readers into a comfortable conspiracy with other "logocentric" types. According to McHoul and Wills, The Crying of Lot 49 will thankfully prove Driblette's talk to be nonsense when it "provides explicit textual material for its own deconstruction" (M&H, 70). Unfortunately for this critique, Pynchon's contradictions are not strategically limited to speeches given by Driblette. In fact, it is one of his primary modus operandi. If one counts self-contradiction against Driblette, then one must, in fact, ignore most or all of what any of Pynchon's characters say. And if such contradictions are simply "explicit material" for "deconstruction", then to what end? To keep Derridean's working? Probably not.
An alternative proposition is that for Pynchon, contradiction is an important part of truth construction. That t-word is problematic for many critics, but plenty of people continue to find it useful, and there is nothing to suggest that Pynchon is afraid of it either. What Pynchon seems interested to explore, however, is the way "it" gets sanctioned and why. What's more, if one follows Driblette's words very closely, it becomes evident that he never asserts that the "truth" is of any import. He simply says that following him around will not let anyone "touch" it. (This notion of "palpability" is important for Pynchon.) In fact, his speech seems to imply that he is as exasperated by quests for the truth as he is by an obsession with "texts". Driblette is more invested in metaphors of spirit and flesh, or in the "reality" in his head, or the "Trystero possibility" (my italics). | http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA99/piazza/pynchon/new/reflect.html |
Fully-integrated regional and provincial healthcare systems should increase system efficiency and effectiveness. Development of these systems is typically spearheaded by acute care organizations. However, there are hidden barriers that that lie outside of these organizations that must be overcome if we are to realize the benefits of integration. IMAGINE Citizens Collaborating for Health (IMAGINE) is an Alberta-based, citizen-led non-profit organization focused on engaging with Albertans in their communities on important matters related to health and healthcare. IMAGINE's iKNOW Health (Knowledge, Navigation and Ownership) program is a co-designed effort of citizens with health organization leaders to understand and increase health literacy.
Aims Objectives Theory or Methods
IMAGINE’s initiatives are surfacing and engaging with critical barriers to health system integration including health literacy, inequitable service design, access, delivery, an inconstant, still weak person-centred care culture and rapidly transforming digital health landscapes. Many barriers limit integration. Integration cannot be achieved absent a citizenry with personal health, digital health, and health systems literacy.
IMAGINE’s iKNOW Health project aims to surface and address these literacy barriers. Guiding principles of the project include engaging with the public to build relationships, surface and use information in co-design activities, and support empowerment. These activities are undertaken in various in-person (pre-covid)/virtual environments.
Highlights or Results or Key Findings
IMAGINE’s projects related to building literacy/reducing barriers to integration include:
• Healthcare Basics for Albertans - a plain-language resource about
Alberta’s health system.
• The first ever Alberta health navigation survey offered in nine first languages – first languages are critical to building literacy.
• A youth-led research project - “What health information do youth need & how do they want to receive it?”
• Best practices for working with ethnocultural communities to improve health literacy via the Sound Mind/Sound Body partnership.
• Co-designing a community health ambassador model to create two-way dialogue between people and Alberta health system partners.
• Community conversations- to develop a Digital Health Literacy Map. People asked for help to understand why and how to navigate publicly available digital health tools in Alberta.
IMAGINE is working on other fronts to promote wide understanding and effective implementation of of health literacy concepts in Alberta communities.
Conclusions
Co-design of health literacy materials enables local people (ambassadors of trusted health information in their communities) to select, share and adapt information tailored to their own unique situations. Together with health system leaders we found some answers to the hidden barriers that obstruct peoples’ acquisition of deeper health literacy.
Implications for applicability/transferability sustainability and limitations
Integration will only be possible when people are health literate. Digital health literacy requires more than access to a full and complete electronic health - it will require that people can use digital information with system providers. Partnering with people is required to unleash the potential value of health integration. | https://www.ijic.org/articles/abstract/10.5334/ijic.ICIC21189/ |
An “event” in ProcessTemplates is a period of time, defined by a start and end time.
This event is the period of time during which the template (limits) can be applied to measurement value. Starting with ProcessTemplates 2.0, PI Batch is supported, but not required.
Events for Batch Industries
For traditional batch industries, events can be PI UnitBatches. If needed, the template settings can specify additional filters for the UnitBatch event, such as time offsets, SubBatchs, or range of measurement values.
Events for All Industries
ProcessTemplates users can define their own events using ExpressionEvents: a powerful, user-configurable, event processing engine.
With ProcessTemplate’s ExpressionEvents, events can be defined using
- PI Tag Expressions: define events using expressions involving your current PI tags. For example, an event can be defined as “RPM is greater than 0 and less than 250”
- Fixed time intervals: define events as fixed-length time periods (every hour, every day)
The ExpressionEvent returns the initial time period for analysis. The template settings can provide further filters to define a sub-period within the event. | https://www.exele.com/software-products/process-templates/events/ |
The invention relates to an intelligent ordering system based on a Zigbee technology and ARM11 and an implementing method thereof. The system comprises a plurality of handheld terminals, a control center, a counter cash register arranged on a counter, a kitchen cloud deck arranged in a kitchen, an indoor environment parameter acquisition system arranged in a dining place and a remote user side; the handheld terminals are used for consumers or servers to carry out ordering and adding operations; the handheld terminals transmit data to the control center by utilizing a Zigbee wireless network; the counter cash register is used for carrying out a check-out operation according to menu information; the kitchen cloud deck receives the menu information from the control center by a local area network; the indoor environment parameter acquisition system is used for acquiring dining environment data in real time; the remote user side is used for a customer to reserve a dining position and a menu in advance before arriving at the dining place, know the environment situation and carry out the check-out operation. According to the intelligent ordering system and the implementing method thereof, which are disclosed by the invention, service quality and working efficiency of catering organizations can be effectively improved, , and more benefits are created for the catering industry. | |
Many veterans have invisible wounds—the mental health issues—that make it difficult for them to go back to civilian life....
Welcome to On Your Mind Podcast
What’s on your mind? Are you or a loved one struggling with mental health challenges? Do you have a specific personal or professional interest in mental health? Perhaps you are looking to build mental and emotional resiliency. The On Your Mind podcast by Journey’s Dream brings together professionals in the field who are successfully supporting people through mental health challenges to a place of true and lasting well-being. Here you will find hope and inspiration. You will walk away with practical tools and pathways to innovative, effective solutions. Connect to a community who believes you can be well and will support you moving from a place of fear to a place of opportunity.
Every week, our host Timothy J. Hayes, Psy.D, will be joined by practitioners, thought leaders, and experts in the field of mental health who offer solutions, actual next steps, and tangible tools. In addition to professionals, the podcast will feature individuals sharing their own inspirational stories of transformation and recovery.
Episode Blogs
Helping The Broken Through Free Recovery Programs With Dan Hostetler
For many people suffering from rather peculiar disorders that many people don’t understand that much, such as dyslexia, schizophrenia,...
The Role Of Community In Veteran Transition With Jim Dolan And Justin Miller
It has often been said that we are very good at sending people to war, but not as good...
Equipping Leaders The Spiritual Skills To Elevate The World With Dr. David Gruder
Beyond the physical and mental aspects of pursuing your calling is the importance of spirituality. Too often, when people...
Dr. Nishi Bhopal On Integrative Psychiatry
Treating psychiatric disorders do not just stop with prescriptions. They extend far beyond that. What better way to treat...
Deepa Kannan, Functional Nutrition Specialist
Mental health issues have their way of creeping into the rest of our lives, affecting us not only mentally...
Dr. Antoine Chevalier, Functional Medicine Expert
Growing up in a family with parents who were undertakers, renowned brain injury researcher and naturopathic physician Dr. Antoine...
Blending Music And Recovery With Jam Alker
Drug addiction and mental health issues are things that society usually sees as hopeless cases, unfortunately. Musician and public...
Body Over Mind: Applying Integrative And Functional Medicine In Holistic Child Psychiatry With Dr. Phyllis J. Heffner
We hear a lot about “mind over body” but so much about “body over mind,” but that is exactly...
Mental Health And Wellness With Kerry Biskelonis
We are at our best when we act from a place of clarity. When we can quiet the noise,...
Functional Medicine: Treating The Root Cause Of Disease With Dr. Aarti Soorya
Many people have been through the wringer of moving from one doctor to another just to find a cure...
Planting The Seeds Of Wellness With Jen Rapanos
Fostering the emotional and mental well-being of youth, Well-Bean is a wellness center that offers child and adolescent psychotherapy, yoga and... | https://www.journeysdream.org/podcast/page/2/ |
"Bird by Bird" is among my favorite books on writing-a treasure trove of insight both practical and profound, timelessly revisitable and yielding deeper resonance each time. Lamott adds to the collected wisdom of great writers with equal parts candor and conviction, teaching us as much about writing as she does about creativity at large and, even beyond that, about being human and living a full life - because, after all, as Lamott notes in the beginning, writing is nothing more nor less than a sensemaking mechanism for life" - Maria Popova of BrainPickings.org Blog "One of the gifts of being a writer is that it gives you an excuse to do things, to go places and explore. Another is that writing motivates you to look closely at life, at life as it lurches by and tramps around." - Anne Lamott Learn the essence of Anne Lamott's world-renowned book through FastReads's 15-Minute Summary with Analysis & Key Takeaways. Quickly soak up the essence of Lamott's step-by-step guide...how to write and how to manage your life as a writer! Book Summary Overview: Anne Lamott sets out to make the reader a better writer by narrating her experiences as an author and her observations as a writing coach. She emphasizes that to improve their writing, budding writers must make a commitment to write more. The focus should not be on getting published, but on learning to write. Lamott asserts that writers can develop great stories by beginning with small details, observing their surroundings, exploring their memories, and following their intuition. She cautions writers of the futility of pursuing perfectionism and acknowledges that all writers make terrible first drafts. Lamott discusses the mechanics that can ease the writing process, including carrying index cards to record ideas, calling experts, and seeking feedback from writer groups. Lamott takes a conventional approach and uses personal narratives to convey lessons on writing. She paints elaborate pictures of her family, friends, and personal struggles. For Lamott, writing and life go hand in hand. In large, the book offers insight into the influence that the author's father had on her attitude to writing. Lamott recalls that when her brother was overwhelmed by a school project on birds, her father advised him to take it 'bird by bird,' meaning one small step at a time. This phrase encapsulates Lamott's philosophy on writing and life. Own your copy today! | http://myvocabbook.com/download/bird-by-bird-some-instructions-on-writing-and-life |
Dedicated to Lord Lingaraj (Tribhuwaneswar), the Lingaraj Temple is one of the active temples in Bhubaneswar, Odisha that is frequented by Hindu devotees in large numbers. Built in the 11th century, it is believed that this 11th century structure was built over a 7th century structure. You can get a view of the complete temple landscape from the viewing platform. Like the Konark temple, Lingaraj temple too has tall pagoda shaped towers, porch, and halls for dance and for prayers that you ought to see on your tour of the temples in Orissa. The other temples within the complex are worth a visit too.
History
Lingaraj means “The king of Lingam”, the symbol of Saivism. Shiva was worshipped as Kirtivasa and later as Harihara and is commonly referred as Tribhuvaneshwara (also called Bhubaneswar), the master of three worlds, namely, heaven, earth and netherworld). His consort is called Bhuvaneshvari.
The temple is more than 1100 years old, dating back in its present form to the last decade of the eleventh century, though there is evidence that part of the temple was built during the sixth century CE as the temple has been emphasized in some of the seventh century Sanskrit texts. Fergusson believes the temple might have been initiated by Lelat Indra Kesari who reigned from 615 to 657 CE. The Assembly hall (jagamohana), sanctum and temple tower wer built during the eleventh century, while the Hall of offering (bhoga-mandapa) was built during the twelfth century. The natamandira was built by the wife of Salini between 1099 and 1104 CE. By the time the Lingaraj temple was completely constructed, the Jagannath (form of Vishnu) cult had been growing in the region, which historians believe is evidenced by the co-existence of Vishnu and Shiva worship at the temple. The Ganga dynasty kings were ardent followers of Vaishnavism and built the Jagannath Temple at Puri in the 12th century.
The temple is believed to be built by the Somavanshi king Jajati Keshari, in 11th century CE. Jajati Keshari had shifted his capital from Jajpur to Bhubaneswar which was referred to as Ekamra Kshetra in the Brahma Purana, an ancient scripture. One of the Somavamsi queens donated a village to the temple and the Brahmins attached to the temple received generous grants. An inscription from the Saka year 1094 (1172 CE) indicates gifts of gold coins to the temple by Rajaraja II. Another inscription of Narasimha I from the 11th century indicates offer of beetel leaves as tambula to the presiding deity. Other stone inscriptions in the temple indicate royal grants from Chodaganga to village people. | http://www.fullodisha.com/lingaraj-temple/ |
Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Risk Preparedness. The training that took place from June 7 – 9, 2022 at the Pastoral Center, Bamenda and was organized by the CBC Health Services in collaboration with CBM within the context of the Disability Inclusive Humanitarian Action (DIHA) Project.
With the ongoing crisis in the North West Region, the DIHA project is fostering disability inclusion in humanitarian actions and religious leaders are playing a critical role in providing humanitarian relief in the communities. Given the widespread presence and critical roles that religious leaders play in providing humanitarian relief in the communities, the workshop was therefore organized to strengthen their capacities on inclusive humanitarian Aid and Disaster preparedness.
During the workshop, the religious leaders were told that the Disability Inclusive Humanitarian Project is out to promote inclusive access to humanitarian services by affected populations with special attention on the rights and needs of persons with disabilities. Among other things they were told that the project partners with stakeholders including them as they are key to ensuring that persons with disabilities benefit from the activities of all humanitarian activities in the communities.
The clergy also received knowledge on disability types and models, the rights of persons with disabilities as enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) and safeguarding in the crisis context.
Presenting on Humanitarian Principles and Inclusive Humanitarian Aid, the CBM Country Office Humanitarian Coordinator, Isaac Nyengue – Bahanak told participants that to ensure that persons with disabilities benefit from humanitarian aid, they should take measures such as including persons with disabilities in decision making meetings, collecting disability disaggregated data, ensuring access to venues, structures and information, assessing and meeting the specific needs of persons with disabilities, etc. The expert encouraged the religious leaders to respect humanitarian principles as they carry out their activities.
Luma Innocent Itoe, National Instructor and Disaster Manager with the Cameroon Red Cross, guiding participants on Disaster Risk Management, explained that a disaster is a calamitous event resulting in loss of life, great human suffering and distress, and large-scale material damage. He noted that disaster preparedness is very important within the context of the ongoing crisis and that community stakeholders are supposed to put in place operational measures to deal with disasters in order to save human lives, alleviate human suffering and reduce the effects/consequences.
On the sidelines of the workshop for religious leaders was that for some 71 Volunteers working with the DIHA Project who received the same knowledge with the same objective. The workshop, which held in the same venue was also aimed at refreshing the capacities of the Volunteers on inclusive humanitarian aid. They are expected to use the knowledge gained on disaster Risk preparedness to communicate and sensitize their communities on potential risk occurrence and assist in identifying mitigating strategies.
Welcoming participants to both workshops, the DIHA Project Manager and CBC Health Services Coordinator of Services for Persons with Disabilities, Jacques Chirac Awa thanked them for sacrificing time to attend the workshops. He urged them to take advantage of the facilitators at their disposal to gain knowledge that will be helpful to their communities.
At the end of the workshop, the participants agreed to go back and share knowledge gained with their colleagues and influential stakeholders, liaise with DIHA field staff and OPDs for the identification and inclusion of persons with disabilities and carry out advocacy at institutional levels for the inclusion of persons with disabilities.
In his closing remarks, the CBM Country Humanitarian Coordinator thanked the participants for the time they sacrificed to attend the training. He called on them to make the training meaningful by putting to practice in their communities, knowledge gained during the workshop. He told them to be the first psychologists in their communities. | https://cbchealthservices.org/religious-leaders-diha-project-volunteers-empowered-on-disability-inclusive-humanitarian-actions-disaster-risk-preparedness/ |
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There are many pieces of equipment, both mechanical and electronic, that are installed at stream-monitoring sites all around the world to measure, record, and transmit both water-quantity and water-quality information. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitors "real-time" streamflow and water-quality conditions for thousands of streams nationwide.
• Water Science School HOME • Surface Water topics •
Long-term monitoring of water resources requires knowledge, skills, and commitment developed over decades by the men and women of USGS. USGS streamgagers and hydrologists must develop and follow precise scientific procedures to assure the quality of water measurements and to properly interpret the meaning of water data. High-quality data is essential for the wise management and use of water resources. Technological advances have improved the amount and timing of data, and made stream monitoring more complex, but these have not reduced the need to physically measure the stream over the range of possible flows, particularly during floods, whenever they occur.
This picture shows one type of USGS gage structure which is attached to a stilling well (the vertical pipe), and the shelter contains measurement and data-transmission instruments. Equipment in the gage house continuously measure stream height (stage) every 15 minutes. Stilling wells are used at locations where they can built next to the stream, but other systems monitoring water pressure can be used in different situations.
The box on top of the pipe contains a measuring instrument (data logger) that has a pulley with a metal tape holding a float at one end. As the water in the stream rises and falls, the water in the vertical metal pipe also moves and the float on the wire goes up and down with the water level. As the wire moves, the pulley turns, which changes the stream-stage (gage height) reading. The stream-stage readings are recorded by the data logger. Many gages have a solar-powered GOES satellite system that transmits and uploads stream-stage and water-quality measurements directly to USGS databases to give virtually "real-time" readings of stream stage, streamflow (computed using the stream stage/streamflow relation), and water-quality measurements.
Streams in urban settings can be affected by the pressures of urban development, and thus, the potential for water-quality problems are high. Possible sources of problems are:
It is important to monitor water quality not only to establish baseline water-quality information, but also to allow for timely notification when water quality changes. USGS installs automated water-quality monitoring sites which might consist of a stilling well and instrument shelter. The stilling well contains probes and instruments submerged in the stream and the instrument shelter houses the data-transmission and automated stream-sampling and storage equipment.
Continuous water-quality monitoring equipment at USGS gage sites contains probes that continually measure temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH. They sometimes also contain tubes to collect water samples during storm events and store the samples in the refrigerated housing structure. It is important to sample the water during storm events, because it is during high water that some water-quality problems, such as high levels of bacteria, sediment, and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) occur.
Sources and more information
• Discharge measurements at gaging stations, USGS Techniques manual
• A Day in the Life of a USGS Water Scientist
• Effects of Urban Development on Floods
• USGS Real-Time Streamflow Data FAQs
Below are other science topics associated with monitoring water.
Below are publications associated with this project. | https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/how-us-geological-survey-monitors-water |
Study sheds new light on how sea urchins age
New York, May 26 (IANS) Researchers have shed new light on the ageing process in sea urchins -- remarkable organisms with the ability to quickly re-grow damaged organs and live to extraordinary old ages without showing any signs of poor health.
James A. Coffman from the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory and Andrea G. Bodnar from the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Studies found that regenerative capacity in three species of sea urchins they studied was not affected by age.
"We wanted to find out why the species with short and intermediate life expectancies aged and the long-lived species didn't," said Coffman.
"But what we found is that ageing is not inevitable: sea urchins don't appear to age even when they are short-lived. Because these findings were unexpected in light of the prevailing theories about the evolution of ageing, we may have to rethink theories on why ageing occurs," he explained.
The prevailing theory of the evolution of ageing holds that it is a side effect of genes that promote growth and development of organisms that have a low likelihood of continued survival in the wild once they have reproduced.
Many organisms with a low expectation of survival in the wild experience rapid decline once they have reached reproductive maturity.
But the findings, published in the journal Aging Cell, contradict the prevailing theory.
The researchers studied the red sea urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus, which has a life expectancy of more than 100 years; the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, with a life expectancy of more than 50 years; and the variegated sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, with a life expectancy of only four years.
The scientists found that although the variegated sea urchin, L. variegatus, has a much lower life expectancy in the wild than the other two species they studied, it displayed no evidence of a decline in regenerative capacity with age, which suggests that senescence (to grow old) may not be tied to a short life expectancy in the wild. | https://www.skylineuniversity.ac.ae/knowledge-update/from-different-corners/study-sheds-new-light-on-how-sea-urchins-age |
Oscars 2021: Chloé Zhao becomes first woman of colour to win Best Director
Chloe Zhao has won the Best Director Oscar at this year’s Academy Awards for Nomadland.
The Chinese-American filmmaker is the first woman of colour to have won the award, and only the second female winner in the ceremony’s history, after Kathryn Bigelow (who won for The Hurt Locker in 2009).
Nomadland is a road movie starring Frances McDormand as a woman struggling to stay afloat in the contemporary American west.
Accepting the award from last year’s winner Bong Joon Ho, who attended the ceremony virtually, Zhao said: “This is for anyone who has the faith and courage to hold onto the goodness in themselves and in each other. This is for you; you inspire me to keep going.”
Nomadland is Zhao’s third film, following 2017’s acclaimed The Rider and 2015’s Songs My Brothers Taught Me.
Her next film, Marvel franchise blockbuster Eternals, will be released in cinemas later this year.
The 93rd Academy Awards took place on 25 April, having been delayed for two months due to the ongoing pandemic.
The ceremony was held primarily in Los Angeles’s famed Union Station, with nominees from outside of the US attending the event via international hubs.
Among the other films competing for top awards were Emerald Fennell’s feminist revenge satire Promising Young Woman, and the August Wilson play adaptation Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom.
Going into the night, David Fincher’s Mank had the most nominations (10), including for Best Director, Best Actor for Gary Oldman and Best Supporting Actress for Amanda Seyfried. | https://uk.movies.yahoo.com/oscars-2021-chlo-zhao-becomes-012708656.html |
Social Organization. During the pre-Hispanic period, the social hierarchy was based on wealth and traditional authority. The former was displayed by the chiefs, whereas the latter was divided among chiefs, priests, elders, and shamans, who performed ceremonial rites and preserved the ancient knowledge. The father of each household was recognized as the head of the extended family. After the Spanish Conquest, new social institutions originating in the Iberian Peninsula were incorporated: the Catholic church, cofradías, and compadrazgo (ritual kinship). The cofradías served to create social prestige through the assumption of cargos within them. Elders continued their active participation in ceremonies; this is still evident in traditional ritual practices.
Political Organization. When the Spaniards arrived in Zoque territory, they found it organized into chiefdoms with subject peoples. There was no centralization of power, and each chiefdom exerted control over a specific area, based on kinship. The status of the chief was extended to his kin; thus social differentiation was created in the chiefdom.
After the Conquest, a system of religious cargos maintained the principles of age and prestige within a civil-religious hierarchy. After the second decade of the twentieth century, the establishment of the local village governments removed political power from the civil-religious hierarchies and recast Zoque political systems within institutions created by the national and state governments.
Social Control. Territorial dispersion of the Zoque makes it difficult to identify control mechanisms that represent the whole group; however, in the municipio of Tapalapa, Chiapas, a form of social control on the natural and supernatural level has been noted. People believe that a mythical tribunal of I'ps Tojk ("twelve houses" or "twelve places") punishes people who transgress social and moral norms. This tribunal is addressed in dreams by people who possess kojama (animal-companion spirits). Illness is an indication that the kojama of the victim may be held prisoner by the tribunal. Only treatment by a jama yoye (curer) can lead the victim to health. The jama yoye persuades the victim to abandon his incorrect social behavior and/or involves himself in symbolic combat between various implicated animal-companion spirits. Another mechanism of social control is ritual reciprocity, which communicates trust and good intentions, thus reducing tension between families within the community.
Conflict. Conflicts are generally generated out of scarcity, such as the need for land. Conflicts between neighbors over land can become serious. Confrontations involve nuclear or extended families and can be started by an illness interpreted as sorcery. Physical violence is generally avoided through the mediation of a curer, who super naturally protects the victim. The disappearance of curers and the decline of rituals that functioned as mechanisms to calm social tensions between families and neighbors has resulted in the use of legal mechanisms to resolve land disputes and other problems such as adultery, marital conflict, insult, physical aggression, theft, and murder. | https://www.everyculture.com/Middle-America-Caribbean/Zoque-Sociopolitical-Organization.html |
The Government set out its definition of British values in the 2011 Prevent Strategy, and these values were reiterated in 2014.
As a school we aim to value and celebrate every member of our school community regardless of race, gender, religion and culture.
As part of our British heritage, we aim to celebrate culture, traditions and customs, learning about and from other people and celebrating our exciting history.
Children learn about being part of Britain from different perspectives, looking at the physical and historical structures that have shaped our society as well as the social and political perspectives that continue to change and develop our country. We encourage the children to take part in school excursions to different parts of the country and explore what makes Britain great.
Democracy
There are many opportunities for the children, staff and parents to share their voices, views and opinions here at Rendlesham Primary School.
At the start of each year, children work together as a class to establish a set of class rules which are drawn up and signed by all members of the class.
The children have an active school council where they share the thoughts of their peers, accept responsibility for any changes that need to be implemented and make decisions for the whole school. The school council is elected in a class vote where candidates are encouraged to give a short speech as to why they would be suitable for the role of councillor. This is then followed by a secret ballot to determine the winner.
We also have an ECO- council who work to raise issues related to their school environment and strive to make us aware of the impact we have on the planet. They have their own action plan, raise money and lead assemblies to raise awareness. Again the council is elected after a democratic vote.
The Governing Body provides representation for parents and teachers alongside appointees of elected local authorities. Governors have considerable responsibilities and their decisions are significant in many aspects of school life.
For the parents, the Senior Leadership Team lead a Parent’s Forum monthly, enabling them to share their views and discuss any issues surrounding their children and the views of others. They have set up class social media pages where issues can be discussed and these are managed by groups of parents within each class.
The FORS (PTA) group plan and lead events in the school which include traditional Spring and Christmas fairs, discos and other events within the community. The committee is elected through a voting system and all parents are encouraged to become involved. The committee is re-elected/ reviewed annually.
Pupils are always listened to by adults and are taught to listen carefully, respecting the right of every individual to have their opinions and voices heard. We encourage pupils to take ownership of not only their school but also of their own learning and progress. This encourages a heightened sense of both personal and social responsibility and is demonstrated on a daily basis by our pupils. Children in key stages 1 and 2 can talk confidently about how to challenge themselves in their learning and can recognise when they need to move their learning forward.
The Rule of Law
The importance of laws, whether they are those that govern the class, the school or the country, is consistently reinforced and referred to.
From an early age, pupils are taught the rules of the school through our Rainbow Rules, classroom rules and our school values. Pupils are taught the value and reasons behind rules and laws, that they govern and protect us, the responsibilities that this involves, and the consequences when laws are broken. Through our whole school approach, we enable children to develop the language and strategies to solve conflict and to right wrongs. Visits from authorities such as the Police and Fire Service help to reinforce this message.
At Rendlesham, we offer a wide range of exciting opportunities for children to be leaders in many contexts, and they understand that the rules they have created are there to keep them safe and happy in all the learning they take part in. This extends to visits and learning outside of the school, acting as ambassadors while on school trips. This level of responsibility and understanding from our children means that teachers can organise engaging and exciting school trips, such as a residential in France and visits to historical sites in London.
Individual Liberty
Alongside rules and laws, we promote freedom of choice and the right to respectfully express views and beliefs. Within the supportive environment and an empowering education programme, we provide the boundaries and opportunities for our families to make choices safely; choices about their learning, choices of activities and choices around their participation in extra-curricular activities.
We encourage children to take responsibility for their behaviour as well as knowing their rights. We aim to ensure the protection of vulnerable pupils and implement a strong anti-bullying culture. We advise how to use the internet safely through e-safety sessions across the school and explore rights and individual responsibility through PSHE and citizenship lessons.
As a school we believe in the importance of forgiveness and trying to put things right if they go wrong.
Mutual Respect and Tolerance for those with different faiths and beliefs.
Mutual respect is at the heart of our school ethos. Our pupils know and understand that it is expected that respect is shown to everyone, whatever differences they may have, and to everything, whether it is a school resource or personal belonging. Children learn that their behaviour choices have an effect on their own rights and the rights of others. All members of the school community treat each other with respect.
We help pupils to acquire an understanding of, and respect for, their own and other cultures and ways of life. Within the curriculum, we explore different places of worship and discuss differences between family situations in the different faith communities.
Due to the fact that we do not serve an incredibly culturally diverse area, we endeavour to promote and celebrate different backgrounds and beliefs through our curriculum, assemblies and teaching.
Commitment to charity work:
The school encourages families and pupils to participate in and support charities nationally and locally, taking part in events for Children in Need, Comic Relief, cancer charities and local projects. This reinforces that there are large numbers of people both at home and overseas who are much less fortunate than ourselves who need our support.
Sadly, no school can guarantee that there will never be instances which are contrary to this value however, at Rendlesham such instances are extremely rare. Any instances are treated seriously in line with our Behaviour, Discipline and Bullying policy. | https://www.rendlesham.suffolk.sch.uk/british-values-and-culture/ |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a connecting structure of an electrical component to an electrical junction box for connecting the electrical component to a bus bar of the electrical junction box to form a circuit.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIGS. 1
FIGS. 1
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There is a proposed connecting structure of an electrical component to an electrical junction box as shown in to . The connecting structure has a plurality of long terminals projecting from an electrical component , and a flat-plate like bus bar provided in an electrical junction box to which the electrical component is connected. The electrical component used in this connecting structure comprises a relay or the like. As shown in , A and B, the plurality of long terminals are outwardly extended from the circuit provided inside.
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The electrical junction box has a case including a case having a connecting portion to which the electrical component is to be connected, and a bus bar accommodated in the case . A connecting portion formed in the case accommodates a plurality of junction terminals , and when the electrical component is connected to the connecting portion , the plurality of terminals are introduced into the connecting portion .
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The bus bar is formed by stamping a conductive metal plate into a predetermined shape. The bus bar is sandwiched between insulating plates and so that opposite sides of the bus bar insulated. A plurality of tabs project from predetermined positions of the bus bar in accordance with a circuit design, and each tab passes through the insulating plate . The tabs are disposed in the connecting portion of the electrical junction box , and are connected to one side of the junction terminals in its longitudinal direction.
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FIG. 3
In the case of the above-described connecting structure , as shown in , when the electrical component and the electrical junction box are connected to each other, the electrical component is connected to the connecting portion of the electrical junction box . At that time, in the electrical component as shown in , the plurality of terminals are introduced into the connecting portion (not shown), the plurality of terminals are respectively connected to the other ends of the plurality of junction terminals accommodated in the connecting portion in the longitudinal direction. As a result, in this connecting structure , the terminals of the electrical component and the bus bar of the electrical junction box are brought into conduction with each other through the junction terminals .
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However, according to the proposed connecting structure of the electrical component to the electrical junction box, when the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box , the terminals of the electrical component and the tabs of the bus bar of the electrical junction box are connected to each other through the junction terminals . Therefore, the number of parts of the connecting structure is increased, and the producing cost thereof is also increased.
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Further, in the connecting structure , since the junction terminals is accommodated in the connecting portion of the electrical junction box to which the electrical component is to be connected, the electrical junction box must be increased in size by the size of the connecting portion and the junction terminals , and the connecting structure is increased in size and weight as a whole.
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Further, when the bus bar is formed, the tabs are formed by stamping developed tabs together with the bus bar and then, the tabs are projected from the bus bar . Therefore, the bus bar is formed by stamping the metal plate such that the tabs are avoided.
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Thus, in the connecting structure , the yield of the bus bar is deteriorated, and the producing cost is increased.
Thereupon, it is an object of the present invention to provide a connecting structure of an electrical component to an electrical junction box, capable of reducing the producing cost and reducing both size and weight.
To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a connecting structure of an electrical component to an electrical junction box, comprising a plurality of long terminals provided on the electrical component, a flat plate-like bus bar which is provided in the electrical junction box to which the electrical component is to be connected, the bus bar being brought into conduction with the terminals in a state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box, a plurality of contact portions formed by bending tip ends of the plurality of terminals toward an outer periphery of the electrical component, the contact portions being formed on front ends of the terminals in a connecting direction of the electrical component to the electrical junction box, the contact portions being contacted with the bus bar in the state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box, and holding means for holding a contacted state between the plurality of contact portions and the bus bar.
According to this first aspect, when the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box, the contact portions of the plurality of terminals are brought into contact with the bus bar, and the contacted state between the contact portions and the bus bar is held by the holding means.
According to a second aspect of the invention, in the connecting structure of an electrical component to an electrical junction box of the first aspect, the holding means tightly connecting the contacted portions between the contact portions and the bus bar in the state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box.
With the second aspect, in the state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box, the contacted portions of the end surfaces of the contact portions of the plurality of terminals and the outer surface of the bus bar is tightly connected by the holding means. Therefore, the bus bar and the plurality of terminals can be secured reliably.
A third or fourth aspect of the invention, in the connecting structure of an electrical component to an electrical junction box of the first or second aspect, the plurality of contact portions are formed by bending the terminals in a direction intersecting a projecting direction of the electrical component toward the electrical junction box, end surfaces formed on front ends of the terminals in the projecting direction are brought into contact with the outer surface of the bus bar in the state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box.
With the third or fourth aspect, the contact portions of the terminals formed in the direction intersecting the projecting direction from the electrical component bring the end surfaces formed on the front ends of the terminals into contact with the outer surface of the bus bar in the state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is a sectional view showing a proposed connecting structure of an electrical component to an electrical junction box;
FIG. 2A
FIG. 1
FIG. 2B
FIG. 2A
FIG. 2A
is a front view of the electrical component shown in , and is a plan view of as viewed form an arrow a in ;
FIG. 3
FIG. 1
is a perspective view when junction terminals and electrical component are connected to each other shown in ;
FIG. 4
is a sectional view showing a connecting structure of an electrical component to an electrical junction box according to the present invention;
FIG. 5
FIG. 4
is a front view of the electrical component shown in ;
FIG. 6
FIG. 4
is a plan view of the electrical component shown in ; and
FIG. 7
is a plan view of another electrical component used for the connecting structure of the electrical component to the electrical junction box according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
An embodiment of a connecting structure of an electrical component to an electrical junction box of the present invention will be explained below.
FIG. 4
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As shown in , in a connecting structure of the electrical component to the electrical junction box, an electrical component is accommodated in an electrical junction box and connected to the electrical junction box . The connecting structure comprises a plurality of terminals provided on the electrical component and a bus bar provided in the electrical junction box , a plurality of contact portions respectively formed on the plurality of terminals and contacting with the bus bar , and holding means for keeping the contact state between the contact portions and the bus bar .
FIGS. 4 and 5
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As shown in , the electrical component includes a part body comprising a relay and formed with a circuit (not shown), and a plurality of terminals projecting from the part body .
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Each of the plurality of terminals comprises a long conductive metal plate. One end of the terminals in their longitudinal direction are connected to the circuit in the part body , and the other end, i.e., tip ends of the terminals outwardly project from the part body . Sizes in the longitudinal direction of portions of the plurality of terminals projecting from the part body are substantially the same, and a widthwise size of each the terminal is set in accordance with permissible current determined by specification of the electrical component . The other end of each terminal in its longitudinal direction is bent at a predetermined position projecting from the part body toward the outer peripheral side of the part body in the longitudinal direction. One side of the terminal from its bent portion is a terminal body , and the other side from the bent portion of the terminal is the contact portion .
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Each of the terminal bodies is formed into a rectangular plate-like shape, and projects in a connecting direction of the electrical component to the electrical junction box from the part body by a predetermined distance. The terminal body is provided at its front end in its projecting direction from the part body with the contact portions .
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The contact portion is formed into a rectangular plate-like shape, and is formed in a direction intersecting with the projecting direction from the terminal body , and the contact portions is a front end of the terminal in a connecting direction of the electrical component to the electrical junction box as a whole. One end of each of the contact portions is integrally formed on the front end of the terminal body in its projecting direction from the part body . As shown in , the other side, i.e., the tip end of the terminal is disposed outside the outer periphery of the part body . The end surface of the contact portion formed on the front end side in the projecting direction of the terminal body is in contact with the outer surface of the bus bar in a state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box .
FIG. 7
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As shown in , in the electrical component , the bending directions of the plurality of terminals are changed, and the positions of the other sides of the contact portions in their longitudinal direction are appropriately changed depending upon the circuit design.
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The electrical junction box formed in this manner to which the electrical component is connected comprises upper and lower cases coupled to each other to form a box-like shape, and a bus bar accommodated in the upper and lower cases. The upper and lower cases are coupled to each other to form the box-like shape having a space therein. In a state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box , the upper and lower cases accommodate the electrical component together with the bus bar .
FIG. 4
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As shown in , the bus bar is a flat plate-like shape, and is formed by stamping a conductive metal plate into a predetermined shape in accordance with the circuit design. The bus bar is superposed on a plate-like insulating plate , and an inner surface of the bus bar which is in contact with the insulating plate is tightly contacted with the insulating plate and electrically insulated. An outer surface of the bus bar formed on the opposite side from the inner surface is brought into contact with end surfaces of the plurality of contact portions of the electrical component when the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box .
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The above-described holding means is formed by welding. In a state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box , the holding means tightly connects the end surfaces of the plurality of contact portions of the electrical component and the outer surface of the bus bar of the electrical junction box with each other. In this case, the holding means is formed by resistance welding which welds the end surfaces of the plurality of contact portions and the outer surface of the bus bar using heat generated by electrical resistance, by ultrasonic welding which welds the end surfaces of the plurality of contact portions and the outer surface of the bus bar using heat generated by fine vibration caused by ultrasound, or by electron-beam welding which welds the end surfaces of the plurality of contact portions and the outer surface of the bus bar using heat generated by collision of electron beams.
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The holding means may be formed by laser welding using a core material for connecting the outer periphery of the contact portion and the outer surface of the bus bar . Although the holding means of the present embodiment is formed by welding, the holding means may be formed by soldering.
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The holding means of the present embodiment tightly connects the contact portion and the bus bar , but the holding means may be formed of an accommodating portion formed into substantially the same shape as that of the part body of the electrical component . In this case, in a state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box, the part body is accommodated in the accommodating portion, the part body and the end surface of the contact portion are pressed by the inner peripheral surface of the accommodating portion and the outer surface of the bus bar to sandwich the electrical component , thereby positioning and fixing the electrical component corresponding to the bus bar .
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FIG. 4
In the connecting structure of the electrical component to the electrical junction box constructed as described above, as shown in , when the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box , the contact portions of the plurality of terminals of the electrical component are first brought into contact with the bus bar of the electrical junction box . Then, the contact state between the contact portions of the plurality of terminals and the bus bar is held by the holding means . Thereafter, the electrical component is accommodated into the electrical junction box together with the bus bar .
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When the contact portions of the terminals of the electrical component and the bus bar in the electrical junction box are brought into contact with each other, the upper and lower cases of the electrical junction box are previously brought into a developed state having an opening on the side of the outer surface of the bus bar . In this state, the contact portions of the plurality of terminals of the electrical component are aligned with predetermined positions of the bus bar in accordance with the circuit design, and the electrical component is moved toward the electrical junction box .
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If the electrical component is moved toward the electrical junction box , the end surfaces of the plurality of contact portions of the electrical component are brought into contact with the outer surface of the bus bar , and the plurality of terminals of the electrical component are brought into conduction with the bus bar of the electrical junction box . At that time, sizes of the contact portions of the plurality of terminals are set into predetermined values, and the contact portions are electrically connected with the bus bar stably. The size of the contact portion is adjusted in accordance with the permissible current by changing the bending position of each of the plurality of terminals . The contact state of the plurality of terminals and the bus bar is held by the holding means .
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When the contact state of the contact portion of the plurality of terminals and the bus bar is held by the holding means , portions between the contacted plurality of contact portions and the bus bar are welded. At that time, the electrical component is pressed toward the bus bar to bring the end surface of the contact portion and the outer surface into contact with each other under pressure. In this state, the contacted portions between the end surfaces of the contact portions of the plurality of terminals and the outer surface of the bus bar are heated.
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As a result, the end surfaces of the contact portions of the plurality of terminals and the outer surface of the bus bar are welded, and the holding means are formed between the end surfaces of the plurality of contact portions of the plurality of terminals and the outer surface of the bus bar . Therefore, the plurality of contact portions and the bus bar are tightly connected to each other by the holding means .
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In a state in which the plurality of contact portions and the bus bar are tightly connected to each other by the holding means , the electrical component is fixed on the bus bar , and the contacted state between the plurality of contact portions and the outer surface of the bus bar is held. Thus, the electrical component and the bus bar constitute a circuit.
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The developed upper and lower cases are assembled, and a box-like body is formed by the upper and lower cases. In this state, the electrical component and the bus bar are surrounded by the upper and lower cases, the electrical component is accommodated in the electrical junction box together with the bus bar , and the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box .
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According to the connecting structure of the electrical component to the electrical junction box of this embodiment, the contact portions of the plurality of terminals are directly brought into contact and conduction with the bus bar , and the contacted state between the contact portions and the bus bar is held by the holding means . Therefore, according to this connecting structure , a junction terminal is not used for connecting the electrical component to the electrical junction box unlike the proposed art, the number of constituent parts of the electrical junction box is reduced, the entire producing cost can be reduced, and it is possible to manage the parts easily.
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According to the connecting structure of the present embodiment, since the junction terminal is not used for connecting the plurality of terminals of the electrical component and the bus bar of the electrical junction box , a portion for accommodating the junction terminal the junction terminal of the electrical junction box is omitted.
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Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the electrical component into the connecting direction to the electrical junction box by the sizes of the junction terminal and the portion for accommodating the junction terminal, and the amount of resin of the electrical junction box can be reduced correspondingly to lower the cost, and the entire weight can also be reduced.
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Further, according to this connecting structure , since the junction terminal is not used for connecting the plurality of terminals of the electrical component and the bus bar of the electrical junction box , the junction terminal can be omitted, and the yield of the bus bar can be enhanced without provided the bus bar with a tab unlike the proposed art. As a result, the electrical junction box can meet a complicated circuit, and the producing cost of the electrical junction box can be reduced.
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According to the connecting structure , since the junction terminal is not used for connecting the plurality of terminals of the electrical component and the bus bar of the electrical junction box , an apparatus for assembling the junction terminal into the electrical junction box can be omitted, and the producing equipment cost of the electrical junction box can be reduced.
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Further, since the bus bar is not formed with the tab unlike the proposed art, an operation for rising the tab after stamping the metal plate can be omitted, and the bus bar can be produced easily. Therefore, the producing cost of the connecting structure can be reduced.
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In the connecting structure of the present embodiment, the end surfaces of the contact portions of the plurality of terminals are brought into contact with the outer surface of the bus bar , and the contacted portions are tightly connected to each other by the holding means . Therefore, the bus bar and the plurality of terminals can be secured reliably. Thus, according to this connecting structure , the electrical component can be connected to the electrical junction box strongly, and the reliability of connection between the electrical component and the electrical junction box is enhanced.
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In the connecting structure of the present embodiment, the end surface of the contact portion formed by bending the terminal in the direction intersecting the connecting direction of the electrical component to the electrical junction box is brought into contact with the outer surface of the bus bar , and the terminal and the bus bar can be connected to each other with stable conductive state. Therefore, the size of the terminal body in the projecting direction can be reduced, and the plurality of terminals can be made small in the connecting direction of the electrical component to the electrical junction box .
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Therefore, in this connecting structure , the electrical component can be made small in the connecting direction of the electrical component to the electrical junction box , and the entire connecting structure can be reduced in size, and when the electrical component is mounted to a vehicle or the like, the space can be saved.
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According to the connecting structure , when the electrical junction box is assembled, the electrical component is previously accommodated in the electrical junction box , and the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box . Therefore, when the electrical junction box is handled in a state in which the electrical junction box is connected to the electrical component , it is possible to prevent inconvenience, e.g., prevent the electrical component from coming out from the electrical junction box , and the operability when the electrical junction box is mounted to a vehicle can be enhanced.
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In the connecting structure of the present embodiment, since the contact portion is formed by bending the terminal , it is possible to easily adjust the projecting length of the terminal from the part body . Therefore, when the plurality of terminals of the electrical component are connected to laminated bus bars respectively, the longitudinal size of the terminal connected to the lower layered bus bar can be increased so that the terminal can easily be connected to the lower layered bus bar , and it is possible to easily meet a complicated circuit.
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In the connecting structure , the layout flexibility of the plurality of terminals of the relay is enhanced, and it is possible to easily meet a complicated circuit.
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Although the electrical component is surrounded by the upper and lower cases together with the bus bar in the state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box in the above embodiment, any one of the upper and lower cases may be provided with an opening, and in a state in which the electrical component is connected to the electrical junction box , the electrical component may project from the opening of the upper or lower case.
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The electrical component comprises the relay in the above embodiment, but the present invention may be applied to a condenser or diode.
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Although only one bus bar is placed on the insulating plate , a plurality of bus bars may be laminated while interposing a plurality of insulating plates therebetween.
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Although the bus bar does not have the tab in the above embodiment, the bus bar may be formed with the tab. In this case, the tab of the bus bar is connected to a terminal such as a connector connected to the electrical junction box . | |
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance investigations on chlorocyclophosphazenes.
The present study deals with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations on hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (N3P3Cl6) and T and K form of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene (N4P4Cl8). Using 31P NMR we have recorded spectra of different magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequencies and static powder spectra. By means of the analysis of spinning sideband intensities the isotropic chemical shifts and the principal values of the chemical shift tensor could be determined. Because of the interactions between phosphorus and the neighbouring chlorine nuclei in the MAS spectra of N3P3Cl6 and N4P4Cl8 more lines were found to exist than was expected with regard to the isotropic chemical shift values according to the crystallographic phosphorus positions. To support this evidence solid-state spectra of the geminally disubstituted compound 2,2,4,4-tetrachloro-6,6-bisthiophenylcyclotriphosphazene [N3P3Cl4(SPh)2] were used. In addition, by means of the individual gauched localized orbitals (IGLO) method 31P NMR chemical shifts, principal values and the orientation of the principal axes of the shielding tensor were calculated for the chlorocyclophosphazenes.
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Brief Fact Summary. Petitioners were not allowed counsel at a lineup or at a preliminary hearing, and they were convicted of assault with intent to murder.
Synopsis of Rule of Law. Failing to provide counsel at a preliminary hearing is an unconstitutional denial of assistance of counsel.
The test to be applied is whether the denial of counsel at the preliminary hearing was harmless error under Chapman v. California.View Full Point of Law
Issue. Are a criminal defendant’s rights to counsel denied by their not being presented with the assistance of an attorney at a preliminary hearing?
Held. Yes. Vacate the convictions and remand the case for a determination of whether the denial of right to counsel here was either harmless or prejudicial error.
The preliminary hearing is a critical stage of the prosecution, therefore the furnishing of counsel is required constitutionally.
Also, the in-court identification of the defendants did not stem from a lineup procedure giving rise to a substantial likelihood of misidentification.
Concurrence. Justice Hugo Black stated that the right to counsel at the preliminary hearing was guaranteed by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments as opposed to any right to a “fair trial.”
Justice William Douglas, taking a strict constructionist view, expressed the opinion that the right to counsel at a preliminary hearing was guaranteed under the Sixth Amendment.
Justice Byron White pondered whether requiring appointment of counsel at preliminary hearings might invite elimination of such a procedure entirely.
Justice John Marshall Harlan concurred, but dissented in saying that the convictions should not be reversed unless the defendants were able to show that their not having counsel at the hearing had resulted in favorable testimony not being heard.
Dissent. Justice Warren Burger dissented in saying that the constitution did not require assistance of counsel at the preliminary hearing, but concurred in saying that the lineup procedure did not give rise to a substantial possibility of misidentification.
Discussion. This is a very important case in its clear requirement that assistance of counsel must be given to a criminal defendant at a preliminary hearing. This case, plus other cases such as United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218 (1967), and Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966) have created a body of opinions giving some clarity to the question of when the right to counsel attaches. | https://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/criminal-procedure/criminal-procedure-keyed-to-israel/screening-the-prosecutors-decision-to-charge/coleman-v-alabama/ |
the predictor is wrapped on a search algorithm which will find a subset which gives the highest predictor performance. Spectral Feature Selection for Data Mining introduces a novel feature selection technique that establishes a general platform for studying existing feature selection algorithms and developing new algorithms for emerging problems in real-world applications. Forward Selection: Forward selection is an iterative method in which we start with having no feature in the model. SelectKBest - scikit-learn 0. Lasso regression analysis is a shrinkage and variable selection method for linear regression models. 351,31,0 8,183,64,0,0,23. Feature engineering process can be divided into two steps: Feature Transformation; Feature Creation; Feature Transformation:. feature selection: This process selects the key subset of original data features in an attempt to reduce the dimensionality of the training problem. Information theory methods for feature selection Zuzana Reitermanov a Department of Computer Science Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Diplomov y a doktorandsk y semin a r I. In statistics, the test is applied to test the independence of two events, where two events A and B are defined to be independent if or, equivalently, and. ReliefF feature selection algorithms - 0. How To: Extract values from a field and write them to a text file using Python at ArcGIS 10. 95 to_drop =. Under Feature Selection, select Top Features table to produce a report containing only top variables as indicated by the Number of features edit box. To train the random forest classifier we are going to use the below random_forest_classifier function. The motivation behind feature selection algorithms is to automatically select. ugo_py_doc Home Basics Basics Python Cheat Sheets Python Cheat Sheets Table of contents. In section 2 we describe the feature selection problem, in section 3 we review SVMs and some of their generalization bounds and in section 4 we introduce the new SVM feature selection method. Feature Selection attempts to identify the best subset of variables (or features) out of the available variables (or features) to be used as input to a classification or prediction method. Feature selection • Motivation • Example • Classification of feature selection methods Univariate methods of feature selection Multivariate methods of feature selection Feature extraction Conclusions P. Inheritance is a powerful feature in object oriented programming. AN INTRODUCTION TO VARIABLE AND FEATURE SELECTION Meoni Marco – UNIPI – March 30th 2016 Isabelle Guyon Clopinet André Elisseeff Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics PhD course in Optimization for Machine Learning 2. Gradient descent with Python. So choose best features that's going to have good perfomance, and prioritize that. So it's natural to ask why you need other feature selection methods at all. After the feature engineering step we should have 20 features (+1 Signal feature). Feature Selection is one of thing that we should pay attention when building machine learning algorithm. Many methods for feature selection exist, some of which treat the process strictly as an artform, others as a science, while, in reality, some form of domain knowledge along with a disciplined approach are likely your best bet. It is also called 'Feature Selection'. Python codes are easier to maintain and more robust than R. 1) in coordinate descent algorithm. It refers to defining a new class with little or no modification to an existing class. Example 1 - Using LASSO For Variable Selection. ly/2Gfx8Qh In this machine learning tutorial we begin learning about automatic feature selection. Selecting features using the feature attribute table. | http://xsit.recycle-simulation.de/feature-selection-python.html |
As various international agencies have projected slowing of global economic growth due to rising commodity prices, supply chain bottlenecks and faster than the projected withdrawal of monetary accommodation, India’s economy is also expected to witness slowing growth, though still higher than the other emerging market economies, said a finance ministry report released on Monday.
“High-wire balancing act between maintaining growth momentum, restraining inflation, keeping the fiscal deficit within budget and ensuring a gradual evolution of the exchange rate in line with underlying external fundamentals of the economy is the challenge for policymaking this financial year,” according to the ministry’s Monthly Economic report for May 2022.
It added that successfully pulling it (balancing act) off will require prioritizing macroeconomic stability over near-term growth. The reward for such a political discipline will be the availability of adequate domestic and foreign capital to finance India’s investment needs and economic growth that fulfills the employment and quality of life aspirations of millions of Indians.
“The recent 50 basis point repo rate hike by the RBI taking the repo rate to 4.9 percent and counteractive policy action by the government in the form of excise duty cuts, rationalization of custom duties, enhanced subsidy to targeted sections, trade policy changes and the government’s continued commitment to enhance capex (capital expenditure) are expected to restrain inflation while underpinning economic growth in the ongoing fiscal year,” the report said.
In the medium term, the successful launch of the production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme, development of renewable sources of energy while diversifying import dependence on crude oil and strengthening of the financial sector are expected to drive economic growth.
“India faces near-term challenges in managing its fiscal deficit, sustaining economic growth, reining in inflation and containing the current account deficit while maintaining a fair value of the Indian currency. Many countries around the world, including and especially developed countries, face similar challenges. India is relatively better placed to weather these challenges because of its financial sector stability and its vaccination success in enabling the economy to open up,” the report said.
It added that its medium-term growth prospects remain bright as pent-up capacity expansion in the private sector is expected to drive capital formation and employment generation in the rest of this decade. Near-term challenges need to be managed carefully without sacrificing the hard-earned macroeconomic stability.
The report said The provisional estimates of GDP released on 31st May 2022 have reaffirmed Indian economy’s complete recovery over the pre-pandemic level, although contact intensive sectors are yet to recover. The recovery is driven by sustained growth in agriculture, higher investment and rise in exports.
High-frequency indicators (HFIs) for the April-May period signal a strong pick-up in economic activity in 2022-23, sustaining the momentum gathered in Q4 of 2021-22. Along with ensuring sustainable growth path, the government has been focused on keeping the fiscal deficit under balance. The fiscal deficit for 2021-22 stood at 6.7 percent of the GDP, lower than the revised estimates of 6.9 percent, it added.
India’s gross domestic product (GDP) grew 4.1 percent in the fourth quarter of the financial year 2021-22. For the full financial year 2021-22, the GDP saw a growth of 8.7 percent. The economic growth witnessed a contraction of 6.6 percent in the previous financial year 2020-21.
Read all the Latest News, Breaking News, watch Top Videos and Live TV here.
. | https://groverwy.com/economy-may-see-slowing-growth-but-still-better-than-other-emerging-economies-finmin/ |
It should be ridiculous to anyone with a brain in her head that we talk so incessantly about secularization, if by the term we mean a movement away from religion. And it should be ridiculous because we are anything but secular in this sense, hardly, that is, less religious. Though they go by different names, the gods we worship still thrive, still plunder and kill and steal, still ravage nations and wage wars, and show no signs of dying anytime soon. It might be surprising to hear this, especially since the philosopher with a hammer, Friedrich Nietzsche, proclaimed the death of god now more than a century ago. Nietzsche wasn’t wrong; we only read him incorrectly. Nietzsche was correct when he said that God is dead and we have killed him. It’s just that he was talking about a particular God, namely the God of the philosophers, perhaps best epitomized by Plato’s or in Aristotle’s Ultimate Form, or even Descartes’ or Berkeley’s god. It is the god whom Derrida was right to identify as the ‘transcendental signified,’ a sort of metaphysical telos, the origin of meaning and rationality, the ground of being and truth:
[S]tructure-or rather the structurality of structure-although it has always been involved, has always been neutralized or reduced, and this by a process of giving it a center or referring it to a point of presence, a fixed origin. The function of this center was not only to orient, balance, and organize the structure … but above all to make sure that the organizing principle of the structure would limit what we might call the freeplay of the structure … Successively, and in a regulated fashion, the center receives different forms or names. The history of metaphysics, like the history of the West, is the history of these metaphors and metonymies … It would be possible to show that all the names related to fundamentals, to principles, or to the I center have always designated the constant of a presence-eidos, arche, telos, energeia, ousia (essence, existence, substance, subject) aletheia [truth], transcendentality, consciousness, or conscience, God, man, and so forth.
And Nietzsche, as Derrida goes on to observe, is quite right to suggest that this God has been all but slaughtered. Christians, inasmuch as they believe in Christ as the gospels describe him rather than as the Greek fathers and church theologians (Origen, Philo, Anselm, Aquinas, Augustine, etc.) did, need little worry: Christ, who if anything is an immanent signifier (of the human condition) has little to do with this transcendental signified whom/which Nietzsche, rather like a coroner, pronounced dead. This god is dead, but there are others, quite aside from Yahweh, who not only live, but also continue to guide, regulate, and structure our lives, and whom we still very reverently worship. Among this pantheon of modern Gods, which includes, among others, Science, Power, Sex, and Lady Gaga, there is one who stands out prominently and is worshipped most pervasively, but who, at the same time, is also the subtlest, the hardest to discern, or as Flaubert said of the author, who is “present everywhere and visible nowhere.”
Karl Marx, ever the prophet, is one of the few who not only named and identified this god, Capital, but also devoted entire volumes–Capital, The Communist Manifesto, The German Ideology, The Grundrisse, etc.–to describing its nature. In Capital, for instance, Marx writes that
[I]n its blind, unrestrainable passion, its werewolf hunger for surplus labour, [C]apital oversteps not only the moral, but even the merely physical maximum bounds of the working day. It usurps time for growth, development, and the healthy maintenance of the body. It steals the time required for the consumption of fresh air and sunlight.
And he goes on to say that “Capital cares nothing for the length of life of labour power. All that concerns it is simply and solely the maximum of labour power that can be rendered fluent in a working day.” Notice that Marx, for good reasons, doesn’t say that capitalists do any of these things, but ‘Capital,’ which, for our purposes, I have capitalized (no pun intended)–because Capital is the Logos of the modern world, Capital is its unchallenged and all-powerful god. That is why what Marx and Engels say about the bourgeoisie, they might well have said about Capital–that it, like the God of Creation, “creates a world after its own image.”
And much like the Eidos, the transcendental signified, of which Derrida writes, Capital too is a god who has in the past assumed different names: Baal, Moloch, Mammon. I do not, moreover, mean this in any simply metaphorical sense. If I did, one would hardly be able to tell the difference between this metaphorical ‘religion’ and any other established religion. Capital, too, has its symbols, rituals, practices, people, institutions–all not only on par with the other established religions, but far and away beyond them. Rather as Christianity is the religion of Christ, capitalism is the religion of Capital, and it too has its scribes and pharisees, priests and acolytes; it too has its own, surprisingly complex theology.
The American theologian Harvey Cox, for instance, was able to put his theological expertise to good use when, in reading through the economics of the major business press, he was able to trace out a whole theology. When, Cox, a theologian, read through The Wall Street Journal and the business sections of Time and Newsweek, he was “surprised to discover that most of the concepts [he] ran across were quite familiar,” and that “there lies embedded in the business pages an entire theology, which is comparable in scope if not in profundity to that of Thomas Aquinas or Karl Barth. It needed only to be systematized for a whole new Summa to take shape.”
Some attempts at this systematic theology have indeed been undertaken. The great summas of economic theology, among them Milton Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom, Friedrich von Hayek’s Road to Serfdom, and Ayn Rand’s magisterial treatise, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal. These high priests of the capitalist religion make it their duty, rather as theologians have over the centuries, to spell out the moral demands of their supreme deities. In the Old Testament, Yahweh spelled these out to Moses in the Ten Commandments. In the new New Testament, the Commandments are known as the ‘Washington Consensus’: Thou shalt liberalize trade and finance, thou shalt allow markets to set prices, thou shalt end inflation, and thou shalt privatize. And it is this wisdom our high priests so graciously bestow upon us, that we might grow in our faith to the Lord our God, Capital.
But among the elders, seers, and high priests of economic theology, there is one Caiaphas who looms large over the group, nay, one Paul who presides over the life of the church, writes a good portion of its founding documents, His Holiness Adam Smith, all-seeing author of the Bible of Capital known rather more familiarly as The Wealth of Nations. But to be perhaps more fair to Saint Smith, one recognizes, as one does for Paul, his brilliance. It is rather his devotees who misunderstand and misuse him.
The notion of an Invisible Hand is a good example of precisely this kind of abuse, one which, more than Smith ever attempted to do, imbues Capital with the agency and attributes of God. There is a single mention of the Invisible Hand in The Wealth of Nations:
As every individual, therefore, endeavours as much as he can both to employ his capital in the support of domestic industry, and so to direct that industry that its produce may be of the greatest value; every individual necessarily labours to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can. He generally, indeed, neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention.
Smith here is making the rather limited claim that in the specific case of deciding whether to deploy his capital abroad or domestically, the capitalist will, “upon equal or nearly equal profits” prefer “the home-trade to the foreign trade of consumption” for a number of self-interested reasons. So in this specific case, Smith is indeed saying that the self-interest supports the public good (of the domestic market). Therefore, Paul Samuelson, one of the most influential economic theologians of the 20th century, paraphrased Smith as follows:
[E]very individual …neither intends to promote the general interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. he intends only his own security, his own gain; and he is in this, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. By pursuing his own interest, he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it.
Rather curiously leaving out anything that refers to foreign trade (which is what Smith, uncontroversially, was talking about), omitting, that is, any reference to what would make Smith’s claim limited and circumstantial, so that he can go on, as if his misrepresentation were not egregious enough, to summarize Smith as follows:
Smith proclaimed the principle of the ‘invisible hand’. It says that every individual, in selfishly pursuing only his or her personal good, is led, as if by an invisible hand, to achieve the best good for all. In this best of all possible worlds, any interference with free competition is certain to be injurious.
This version of Smith’s Invisible Hand theory, along with Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage, have been used to support the reigning orthodoxy of economic theology known as ‘Neoliberalism,’ (the liberalization of foreign trade and opening of markets to foreign investment)–which hardly makes sense because the (conveniently omitted) condition upon which Smith predicates his theory is a condition of “equal or nearly equal profits,” which is clearly not the case. It is clear to anyone who cares to think that profit margins are far higher in the numerous nations where the United States has overthrown the democratic government and installed a brutal dictator who then crushes unions, suppresses wages, and slaughters dissidents. But this divorce of theory from reality, in practice, is precisely how this the Capitalist religion functions, that is by faith–faith, as Saint Paul says, being the evidence of things unseen.
———-
1. Jacques Derrida, ‘Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences, in Jacques Derrida, Writing and Difference, trans. Alan Bass. London: Routledge, pp 278-294, accessed online: http://hydra.humanities.uci.edu/derrida/sign-play.html
2. Gustave Flaubert, Letter to Louise Colet, 09 December 1852
3. Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, excerpted in Marx and Engels: Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy, ed. Lewis S. Feuer, London: Fontana, 1971, p.188
4. Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, excerpted in Marx and Engels: Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy, ed. Lewis S. Feuer, London: Fontana, 1971, p.189
5. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, in Marx and Engels: Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy, ed. Lewis S. Feuer, London: Fontana, 1971, p.53
6. Harvey Cox, ‘The Market as God,’ The Atlantic, 01 March 1999
7. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, ed. Edwin Cannan, London: Methuen & Co., Ltd., 1904, 5th ed., Book IV, Ch. 2, Section 9, accessed online: http://www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smWN13.html
8. Paul Samuelson, William Nordhaus, Economics, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989, 13th ed, p.825. To be fair to Samuelson, though he does clearly misrepresent Smith, he does not himself subscribe to the infallibility of the Invisible Hand and is, in fact, rather critical of it. | https://harvardichthus.org/2013/10/what-gods-we-worship-capital-as-god/ |
Officials at for-profit colleges and universities are facing a chorus of public criticism after accusations of shady student recruiter practices and a U.S. Department of Education (ED) report that showed twice as many students at for-profit schools have defaulted on their college loans compared to students attending nonprofit and public colleges.
The growing criticism comes as new research suggests for-profit colleges are gaining market share among online learners as the recession drives more people back to school.
Students who took out loans to pay for education at commercial institutions such as the University of Phoenix and DeVry University had a 21-percent default rate within three years, according to the Dec. 14 ED report, which used data from students who began loan repayment in fiscal year 2007. For-profit schools’ default rate in fiscal 2006 was 18 percent.
Overall, American college students defaulted at a 12-percent rate, up from 9 percent the year before.
A day after ED released its report, Apollo Group Inc.—the University of Phoenix’s parent company—agreed to a $78.5 million settlement after a six-year court battle that started when former university employees filed a lawsuit claiming recruiters were paid based on the number of students they enrolled, a practice that violates federal law.
Apollo Group denied the former plaintiffs’ allegations, dismissing them as disgruntled former employees and claiming their schools’ recruiting practices were within federal guidelines. But the hefty settlement did little to quell public criticism.
Congressman Elijah E. Cummings, D-Md., urged lawmakers to launch hearings to investigate common practices in publicly-traded colleges and universities. A Congressional investigation, Cummings said, would "shine a light on the for-profit education industry and provide the American people with a clear picture of the true costs of education." | https://www.ecampusnews.com/2009/12/21/for-profit-colleges-face-mounting-scrutiny-2/ |
A Boy Finds Himself on a Beach, the Tide Turning from Low to High, from Boy to Man
Published on June 1st, 2017 at 02:57 am
By Chris King
A safe argument can be made that passionate writers do not tell their stories to impress
others. Good writers do not pore over their thoughts and struggles with the intention of selling
hard copies. The few who do find success on a best-selling list do not end up there because of
their selfish desire to collect royalties on every book thrust into the hands of a fiendish audience.
No. Best-sellers are best-sellers because they communicate themes, motifs, and perspectives that
an average person may not know how to articulate. A writer is simply a glorified historian — an
architect of culture — one who designs a perception-driven thought into the minds of those who
are willing to listen, not for fame and fortune, but for the diversification of understanding.
Effective writing stays with a reader for their lifetime, enabling them with the necessary
intellectual tools to reconsider their personal ideologies and form new webs of knowledge that
were once inaccessible. Literature as I just described usually takes decades to solidify its place
as classic. However, Haruki Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore achieved status of similar prestige
in under fifteen years. Many critics would agree that Murakami, already an acclaimed novelist,
strayed from his typical style to write Kafka on the Shore in 2002. He coincides two stories that
eventually intersect, creating a multi-layered and intellectually challenging struggle with what it
means to be imperfect. Murakami’s management of otherwise dominant perspectives sends
major literary subjects of criticism such as Feminism or Marxism to a backseat, not because he
deems them unimportant, but because he writes on a metaphysical level that transcends popular
human concepts. Murakami is less concerned about the gender binary, or the socio-economic
caste system and instead focuses his storytelling abilities on the paradoxically primal human
existence.
The first plot line Murakami introduces is that of the protagonist, a fifteen year old boy
self named Kafka Tamura. Instantly, Kafka’s name is suggestive of not only a Western
education, but a love of Western writing and culture. Kafka would later explain that he chose to
rename himself so due to the literary achievements of Franz Kafka, a German existentialist with
whom the boy identifies. Just as Murakami expertly blends Western culture with Japanese, he
effortlessly integrates Kafka’s reality with what could only be described as a Platonic world of
being where virtuous concepts such as maturity and justice were merely figments of an
unachievable reality, a theme that Murakami would later explicate through a musical analogy.
Kafka’s character is a real boy facing real struggle, but by adding an additional dimension of
being vs. becoming, Kafka transcends the physical realm and develops into a universally
relatable character with which every reader in any audience can share a connection. Imagine
Kafka’s virtues and vices are a Wikipedia page and every person who reads his article could
borrow fragments of himself to help establish their own identity.
Already, there are two layers to Murakami’s story that bleed into each other like blood
mixes with water. Kafka’s physical presence in the world is easy to understand. He eats, sleeps,
and exercises like any other person. His metaphysical existence is much harder to decipher,
however. To aide in understanding exactly what the other side of Kafka represents, Murakami
writes a second plot line, one that follows Nakata, a simple old man with a strange gift. Nakata’s
gift enables him to communicate with cats, as I could communicate with you. Many of the
scenes involving Nakata depict him speaking to a cat, for they make better company than
humans. It is his connection with cats and Kafka’s symbolic link with Nakata which sets up an
alliance between three aspects of every day life. Kafka is the physical presence in the world,
pragmatic and intentional in his way. Nakata is a symbolic representation of the world of being
where life is uncomplicated and refined. Cats, in Japanese culture, represent wealth, health, and
fortune. By linking all three facets of this specific arc together through different characters,
Murakami communicates the necessity for three very different, yet tightly connected, aspects of
life. Without one, the other fails, evident in Nakata’s behavior when Johnny Walker begins
slaughtering his cat friends before his eyes. As he sliced the bellies of Nakata’s cats, Nakata
pleads for an end, crying out, “I don’t feel like myself anymore,” (Murakami, 148) which
reinforces the shared interdependent relationship. By using an alcoholic allusion as the disruptor
of the relationship, Murakami also comments on the manmade vices that can prevent the
harmony of natural life.
To strengthen the network between the three facets of life, Murakami adds yet another
dimension of interconnectedness by seemingly mirroring Kafka’s significant actions with
Nakata’s. For example, Kafka wakes up bloodied in a bush, having lost all recollection of the
last eight or so hours. Just a couple chapters later, Nakata murders Johnny Walker, the killer of
cats — the killer of good fortune — and becomes soaked with blood, waking up in a similar
manner. It is later discovered that Kafka’s father has been murdered. Many literary critics agree
that Nakata is the physical presence of Kafka’s spiritual character. His actions coincide with
Kafka’s thoughts. Lai writes in her literary criticism explicating the creative alliance between
Kafka and Nakata, that Nakata searches for cats and murders Johnny walker “to make his
selfhood become whole again” (Lai).
A character key to Kafka’s development, Oshima, explains that people were once born
complete: male/male or male/female or female/female. One day God became bored and split
each identity up, and set them on a lifelong quest to reunite. Murakami puts this theory into
practice by setting Kafka, the physical being on a path to rediscover his other half — his spirit —
represented by the simple Nakata. On the other end of the spectrum, Nakata experiences the
same desire. Nakata constantly announces that he used to be bright, and a cat tells him that his
shadow is “faint” (Murakami, 83) insinuating that something from his identity is missing. While
Kafka misses Nakata, he is without a natural connection to the world and cannot communicate
with nature as peaceable humans do. Contrarily, while Nakata misses Kafka, he is without his
once youthful physical presence in the world. The two characters could not be more different.
One is youthful and wiser than his times, one is old and has the education of a fourth grader.
However, both are united spiritually by a constant curiosity and acceptance of the struggles
placed in front of them.
The end of the novel frames Kafka’s and Nakata’s journeys with an exposition given by
Kafka’s stronger alter ego, the Boy Named Crow. Referencing the physical and spiritual struggle
Kafka faced in his own bildungsroman, Crow tells an enlightened Kafka, “you are part of a brand
new world” (Murakami, 467). Although Nakata dies, it can argued that his shadow once again
found itself under Kafka’s youthful body. Their paths crossed and their realities blended, just as
Oshima foretold in his tale of the male/male, male/female, female/female reunion. As Kafka’s
soul coalesced with Nakata’s he discovered peace within himself. The inner turmoil boiling over
like a pot of salty hot ramen came to a simmer and Kafka was finally to sip it gently. He was no
longer fighting himself. He body, mind, and spirit became one human being and to that end,
completed Kafka Tamura’s shift into adulthood.
Murakami stated himself that Kafka on the Shore is full of riddles and is a novel that
cannot be fully appreciated unless read multiple times at different times in a life. Variable
perspectives will garner variable reactions; Murakami’s ability to write infinitely many meanings
into the same story is what makes Kafka on the Shore a prominent piece in the reevaluation of
one’s own life. He forces the reader to look past the materialism of the contemporary world, to
ignore the trivial issues that plague routine, to reconsider the sign presented by a seemingly
unorganized society. Kafka on the Shore is a vehicle for Murakami’s plea with his audience to
contemplate the philosophical concepts that transcend human existence in order to determine the
true meaning of human existence. He takes his readers to an extreme in order to better define
mortal limits. In doing so, he creates a spiritual bridge between reality and fantasy — a bridge
that may not always be visible, but is constantly being traveled.
| |
The purpose of this lab is to teach you how to use Maple commands for computing derivatives.
Maple has several commands for computing derivatives. The most common ones are the diff command for differentiating expressions and the D operator for differentiating expressions. These are the commands we will consider here.
Before introducing the commands for differentiation, we need to review the concepts of expression and function in Maple. An expression is a collection of mathematical symbols, for example and x2-y2 are both expressions. A function, on the other hand, is a rule for associating an output value with an input value.
The connection is that expressions are often used to define a function. That is, we could let , which defines a function f. The rule for this function is to substitute a value for x into the expression to obtain the output value. Not all expressions can be used to define functions, however, and not all functions are defined by expressions so these really are distinct mathematical objects.
Maple mimics this mathematical distinction between expression and function. You can define expressions in Maple and even label them for later use with commands like the one below.
This is an expression not a function, which means there is no rule associated with it. Thus evaluating the expression at a specific value of x requires the subs command, as in the following example.
The syntax for defining a function in Maple uses an arrow to make the idea of a function as a process explicit. For example, we can define a function f in Maple using the expression with the following command.
Evaluating our function at a specific value of x is now easy.
One final thing to note is that Maple will use f to denote the function we have defined, but will use f(x) to denote the expression used to define the function.
Students often want to define a function with a command like the following.
Since Maple doesn't complain, students often think that what they've done is correct. The output from the following commands, however, shows that the object we've defined doesn't behave like a function.
What is happening here is that we've defined something called a table in Maple. For the input x it gives the output x2+3, but it doesn't behave like a function and doesn't give the value we wanted for any other input.
These commands can be summarized as follows.
The D operator acts on a function to produce the derivative of that function.
The diff command acts on an expression and differentiates that expression with respect to a variable specified by the user.
When you use the D operator to compute the derivative of a function, the result is also a function, as shown below.
However, this is usually not necessary. See the examples below.
If you want to evaluate the derivative at a specific value of x or just get the expression for the derivative, you can use the following forms of the D operator.
This last form is the one to use for plotting, as shown below.
The D operator cannot be used on expressions, for example trying to use it to differentiate the expresssion we defined above results in an error.
If you recall that Maple uses f(x) to refer to the expresssion that is used to define f, then the following error shouldn't surprise you.
To differentiate expressions, you need to use the diff command. Here is an example.
The diff command can also be applied to functions as shown below.
Note, however, that the result of the diff command is an expression, not a function. This means that computing the value of the derivative at a specific value of x requires you to use the subs command.
In this subsection, we compute the tangent line at to our function f using first the D operator and then the diff command. This gives one example where the D operator is probably easier to use than the diff command.
Implementing this using the D operator is relatively simple, as shown below.
Using the diff command to compute the tangent line is a little harder, because the subs command must be used.
Find the tangent line to the graph of at x=5 and plot the function and the tangent line on the same graph.
Consider the following piecewise-defined function.
First, by plotting the graph or otherwise, determine the values of x for which this function is differentiable, and compute the derivative for the values it exists.
The Maple D and diff commands ``work'' with functions defined with the piecewise command, but they do not always give the same result and do not always give the correct result. Use both D and diff on the function p and explain if they are correct or not. | http://www.math.wpi.edu/Course_Materials/MA1021B99/derivative/node1.html |
Q:
Equation between bilinear mappings and total second derivative
Some text first (my question will be related to it):
Book
Let $A \in \mathbb R^n$.
Let $L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$ denote the space of linear maps from $\mathbb R^n$ to $\mathbb R^m$. (If we choose a basis in in $\mathbb R^n$ and $\mathbb R^m$, then $L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$ can be identified with the $m \times n$ matrices and hence with $\mathbb R^{mn}$. Now $Df:A \to L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$; that is, at each $x_0 \in A$ we get a linear map $Df(x_0)$. If we differentiate $Df$ at $x_0$ we get a linear map $L(\mathbb R^n, L(\mathbb R^n, R^m))$ by definition of the derivative. We write $D(Df(x_0)) = D^2f(x_0)$. We define the map $B_{x_0}:\mathbb R^n \times \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R^m$ by setting $B_{x_0}(x_1, x_2) = [D^2f(x_0)(x_1)](x_2)$
This makes sense because $D^2f(x_0):\mathbb R^n \to L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$ and so $D^2f(x_0)(x_1) \in L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$; therefore it can be applied to $x_2$. The reason we do this is that $B_{x_0}$ avoids the unnecessary use of the conceptually difficult space $L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m) \approx \mathbb R^{nm}$
fact
By definition, total derivative of a fucntion $f:\mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R^m$ is a linear map $L:\mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R^m$
Derivative of a linear mapping $L$ at $x_0$ is $DL(x_0) = L$:
$||L(x) - L(x_0) - DL(x_0)(x - x_0)|| \le \varepsilon ||x-x_0||$
$||L(x - x_0) - DL(x_0)(x - x_0)|| \le \varepsilon ||x - x_0||$
$||L - DL(x_0)|| \le \varepsilon$
I'll introduce some notation to make reasoning process clearer.
Let $Df|_{x_0}$ be total derivative of $f$ at $x_0$.
Let $L|_{x_0}(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$ be exact point in $L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$. $x_0$ stands here for the fact that we came to $L|_{x_0}(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$ from elsewhere by passing $x_0$ as an argument, or applying a transformation to $x_0$ in that 'elsewhere'(just to backtrace the point in $L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$
Now
$Df:\mathbb R^n \to L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$ (1)
$Df|_{x_0} = L|_{x_0}(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m)$ (2)
$D(Df) = D^2f: \mathbb R^n \to L(\mathbb R^n, L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m))$ (3)
$D(Df)|_{x_0} = D^2f|_{x_0}: L|_{x_0}(\mathbb R^n, L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m))$ (4)
Now we can obtain second derivative
I see why
$B_{x_0}(x_1, x_2) = [D^2f(x_0)(x_1)](x_2)$, but
What means $[D^2f(x_0)(x_1)]$ - differentiate at $x_0$ first, then at $x_1$? if so, then
1a) why would we need to calculate derivative at $x_0$ and then calculate derivative of this derivative at $x_1$ - what are the practical cases? Technically, this is possible to do, as linear map is a function as well, and we can take its derivative at any point, but
1b) $D^2$ can be calculated only at one point(namely $x_0$), if we use (3). But we can do $D|_{x_0}$, then $D(D|_{x_0})|_{x_1}$, or we can't? Is it a contradiction? if not, what i'm missing in (3) or in calculating $D$ at $x_0$ first, then taking derivative of $D|_{x_0}$ at $x_1$?
If we calculate D^2 using (3), it consumes $x_0$ and gives us $L|_{x_0}(\mathbb R^n, L(\mathbb R^n, \mathbb R^m))$, but if we do $D(D|_{x_0})|_{x_1}$, we get
$D(Df|_{x_0} = L|_{x_0})|_{x_1} = D(L|_{x_0}(x))|_{x_1} = L|_{x_0}$, even no matter which point we do derivation second time - it maybe any $x_i$, result would be the same: $L|_{x_0}$. But this doesn't seem right to me. I definitely messed up something. But what?
Do we first differentiate twice, then substitute exact value, or diff-subs-diff-subs?
A:
If $f:\Bbb R^n \to \Bbb R^m$, then $Df:\Bbb R^n \to L(\Bbb R^n,\Bbb R^m)$, and $D^2f: \Bbb R^n \to L(\Bbb R^n, L(\Bbb R^n,\Bbb R^m))$. In other words: for any $x \in \Bbb R^n$, $D^2 f(x)$ is a linear map from $\Bbb R^n \to L(\Bbb R^n, \Bbb R^m)$. So, for any $y \in \Bbb R^n$, $[D^2 f(x)](y) = D^2 f(x)(y)$ is an element of $L(\Bbb R^n, \Bbb R^m)$. So, for any $z \in \Bbb R^n$, $[[D^2 f(x)](y)](z) = D^2 f(x)(y)(z)$ is an element of $\Bbb R^m$.
So, to directly answer question 1: $D^2 f(x_0)$ is the derivative of $f$ at $x_0$. The output of this map is a linear map $\Bbb R^n$ to $L(\Bbb R^n, \Bbb R^m)$. $D^2f(x_0)(x_1)$ is the result of applying $D^2 f(x_0)$ to $x_1$. $D^2 f(x_0)(x_1)$ is a linear map from $\Bbb R^n$ to $\Bbb R^m$. There is only one point $x_0$ at which we compute a derivative.
An example would probably be helpful. Suppose that $f: \Bbb R^n \to \Bbb R$ (i.e. we take $m = 1$). The first derivative is a map $Df: \Bbb R^n \to L(\Bbb R^n,\Bbb R)$, which we can think of as the gradient of $f$. The second derivative is a map $D^2 f : \Bbb R^n \to L(\Bbb R^n, L(\Bbb R^n, \Bbb R))$, which we can think of as the Hessian.
Concretely, suppose that $n = 2$. The Hessian matrix is given by
$$
H(x) = \pmatrix{\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x_1^2}(x) &
\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x_1 \partial x_2}(x)\\
\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x_2 \partial x_1}(x) & \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x_2^2}(x)}
$$
where $x = (x_1,x_2) \in \Bbb R^2$. For any $y \in \Bbb R^2$, the map $D^2 f(x)(y)$ is the linear map whose matrix is $y^T H(x)$. That is, for any $z \in \Bbb R^2$, $[D^2 f (x)](y)(z)$ is equal to $y^T H(x) z$.
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Talking about death and dying can be confronting for adults, so knowing how to have that conversation with a child can be challenging. One common question is “what on earth do I say?”.
From a very young age children are introduced to the themes of loss in picture books, video games, and popular children’s movies. This can prompt children to come forward with questions about death, particularly their own mortality, from an early age.
As children grow and death touches their lives, be it a parent, grandparent, sibling (including those who die before birth, or family pet the questions can be complex.
Clinical Psychologist Dr Allana Canty from not-for-profit children’s psychology practice Child’s Play Qld, has focused her work on helping children and families grieve and adjust to life transitions.
She says that if adults can acknowledge themes of death and dying as a normal part of life, this can reduce emotional distress when an unexpected loss occurs.
“This may take the form of discussing the death of a character in a movie or book, acknowledging the aging process, or even exploring the garden for dead insects, chrysalises, or describing the natural lifecycles observed in plant life.
“Discussions about death are appropriate at all ages, and the level of detail that is appropriate can often be guided by the types of questions that a child asks.
It is a common misbelief that we shouldn’t talk about death or dying, that such conversations change a child’s innocence, and that children will not be able to cope with this information. Research suggests that children benefit from honest and open communication, and that such communication facilitates healthy grieving and acceptance of loss.
Dr Canty recommends adults use language that welcomes questions about death and dying such as ‘what else would you like to know?, ‘I like it when you ask me questions. If more questions come to mind, I will make sure that we talk them through’.
“It is a common misbelief that we shouldn’t talk about death or dying, that such conversations change a child’s innocence, and that children will not be able to cope with this information.
“Research suggests that children benefit from honest and open communication, and that such communication facilitates healthy grieving and acceptance of loss.
“When there is a known prognosis of death in the foreseeable future, it is recommended that families explain to the child what is occurring as soon as possible and keep them informed of changes in the loved one’s health.
“Children benefit from the opportunity to cherish the time that is available with the loved one, and benefit from activities that allow them to express their thoughts and feelings during the end of life phase of a loved one.
“It is helpful to prepare a child for what they will see. I recommend families describe factual information ahead of time, and help the child identify new ways they can express their love or engage with the loved one.
Fear – will I be the next to die?
Curiosity – why? What will happen to the body?
Magical thinking – loss can be reversed if I am good.
Self-centred responses – who will take me to swimming now?
Anger - I hate my dad for dying.
Dr Canty says parents should be ready to accommodate all types of emotional responses.
Families will face questions about whether children should attend funerals and how involved children should be in the proceedings.
Dr Canty says attending funerals and allowing a final goodbye can be very meaningful for children, and it is reasonable that they attend.
She also suggests ensuring having another carer ready to support your child during the funeral if you think you may need assistance during the ceremony or afterwards.
“Helping children understand what is to be expected can be important. Key points include explaining the agenda for the day, that they will likely see people sad or crying and that such reactions are normal, it is also okay for them to feel sad, cry or to feel that they may like a break.
“Having a bag of activities that the child can do when they need a break or if the adult needs to attend to other matters is a helpful preparation.
Whilst grief is painful, it is healthy and normal, and allowing space for grieving creates a good template for how to manage other strong emotions throughout their life such as a relationship breakup, losing a special item or a friend moving away.
Dr Canty says losing a pet can also be significant source of grief for a child and they can benefit from participating in a funeral to process their thoughts and feelings.
“It is normal for children to return to burial places of their loved animals and talk to their pet, share memories, and place gifts/cards for their deceased pet.
Parents may also face the question of ‘if’ or ‘when’ to introduce a new pet to the family.
“The swift arrival of a new pet facilitates avoidance of strong feelings, and suggests to the child that strong negative feelings are to be avoided.
“Whilst grief is painful, it is healthy and normal, and allowing space for grieving creates a good template for how to manage other strong emotions throughout their life such as a relationship breakup, losing a special item or a friend moving away.
Changes in eating (more or less), toileting (regression) or sleeping (difficulty getting to sleep, chronic day-time fatigue, frequent waking during the night, emotionally distressing dreams).
Refusal to discuss the loved one or avoidance of stimuli that remind him/her of the loved one.
The child describes intrusive thoughts and images about death or worries about their own or others death, and the frequency of these impacts on their social or emotional functioning.
Asks the same questions multiple times per day.
Dr Canty says that children will often demonstrate the above signs in the weeks following a loss. If such signs persist however, it may be helpful to consult a child and family psychologist. This can take the form of parenting support in knowing how to respond to your child’s presentation, individual support for your child or family counselling.
If a child is struggling with the death of a loved one, Dr Canty says parents can provide opportunities for the child to express their thoughts and feelings. This can include creative solutions such as finding songs that capture feelings, drawing a picture of the loved one, writing a card for the loved one, creating a memory box, or decorating a time-line of their loved one’s life.
Dr Canty explains that grief does not ‘resolve’. Rather, a child will integrate the loss into their life story, and the pain of that chapter may surface at different stages in their life.
Q: What does death/dying/dead mean?
A: Use factual information to explain that death is final, irreversible, inevitable and universal. For example, “death is when the organs in our body stop working. When our organs stop working, we are no longer able to see, smell, hear, move, or feel pain” and/or “death means that the body of the person/creature cannot come back to life and talk, breath, or play”.
It is not advised that families refer to the deceased as ‘asleep’, ‘on holiday’ or ‘gone to live on a farm’. This can create many confusing follow up questions such as “when is dad going to wake up? When will Rex come home? Can we go and visit Uncle Tim?”). Confusion can extend a child’s grief, and may position the adult in a tricky situation where they feel obliged to continue with convoluted stories.
Q: What happens after someone/something dies?
A: As there is considerable variation in religious and spiritual beliefs between, and even within, families, it is recommended that adults agree on what language they intend to use when explaining what happens after death. Families are encouraged to consider whether they would like to make references to Heaven, spirits, the soul, death as a final phase of existence, or an afterlife.
o increase the likelihood of a socially appropriate responses from your children, families may like to normalise differences in beliefs (e.g., ‘people can have different opinions about what occurs after death. There is no right or wrong belief and it is important to respect that your friends may not believe in heaven. You can have a different belief to your friends and that is okay’).
Q: What happens to the body after death?
A: Burial: “Lilly’s body will be put in a special box. This special box is put in the ground and covered with garden. A special stone will be put on top of the garden. This stone has writing on it which tells people who is buried there”.
Cremation: “Nathan’s body will be put in a special box. A machine heats up the box and turns it into dust which we will keep in a beautiful container/spread at Nathan’s favourite spot”. It may be important to remind the child that the body no longer feels temperature or pain.
Q: Will I die? Will I die next?
A: All living things on earth will die. Different animals and plants have different life spans. Some trees can live for 500 years but a butterfly can sometimes only live for 2-3 weeks. Most people live very long lives, and get to live for around 100 years. Your body is healthy and we hope that you will live for 100 years.
Children often worry if death is contagious. Explaining the cause of the person’s/pet’s death helps the child separate their own mortality from that of the deceased.
Q: What will happen to me if you die?
A: Children will ask egocentric questions such as “who will make my lunch” or “who will take me to school”. This is a normal way of children wanting to make their worlds predictable and stable. Creating a picture of all the adults that would be available to support the child can be very comforting and reduce anticipatory distress about the death of their primary carer. If death is not imminent, parents/carers may like to emphasise that they plan to have a long, healthy life ahead.
Talk about change, dying, aging and death as a normative experience of life.
Where possible, give your child notice of death and allow opportunities for them to create lasting memories with their loved one.
Help your child find new ways to interact, play or share their thoughts and feelings with the dying loved one.
Read books to the child about death and offer opportunities to express their thoughts and feelings.
Answer questions with factual detail and encourage more questions.
Allow time for grieving – there is no set time frame for grief, and children will grieve in varying ways for varying time periods. Grief is no longer considered to be ‘resolved’, however grief can resurface at many times throughout the child’s development and even into adulthood as they navigate rites of passage that may trigger feelings of loss.
Create certainty and routine as much as possible by predicting daily agendas, adhering to morning/afternoon routines, and maintaining consistency in parenting strategies.
Dismiss or shut down strong emotional expression. Rather, help the child understand their strong feelings (e.g. “Don’t get angry” vs. “I can see how upsetting this is for you”).
Exclude the child from rituals surrounding the death such as funerals or wakes.
Tell your child how to feel – sometimes they may not be sad, and that is okay.
Use language that provides a false understanding of what death means (e.g., going to sleep).
Deny opportunities for the child to engage in conversation with the deceased, or to celebrate the deceased life (e.g., it is healthy and normal to continue to celebrate mother’s day even if the child’s mother has passed). | https://www.firstfiveyears.org.au/child-development/how-to-talk-to-children-about-death |
Responsibilities:
- Collaborate, facilitate, lead and coach Scrum team that is responsible for developing multiple software products and automated tools for multiple lines of business in the US and UK as well as development teams with CyberCoders a subsidiary of Confidential, Inc. Responsible for planning, tracking of day-to-day development activities using Agile methodologies.
- Untiring advocate for Scrum - drove company transition from Waterfall to Agile
- Facilitate scrum ceremonies (backlog grooming, daily stand-up, sprint planning, sprint review, retrospectives, daily stand-up)
- Enact change and continuous improvement increasing the productivity of Scrum teams by over 50% and the quality of deliverables by 80%
- Empowered teams to self-organize and grow cross-functionality
- Improved team transparency
- Protected team from over-commitment, managed backlog, prioritized resolution of defects/bugs as evidenced by the on-time delivery over 40 successfully iterations/sprints
- Met goal of addressing and resolving priority issues within 24 hours
- Manage the lifecycle of code development, from ideation to sprints to deployment
- Coordinated and managed code releases and shared APIs with other IT groups
- Communicate with other management, engineers, product managers and support specialists on product issues
- Track and communicate team velocity and sprint/release progress
- Instructed and modeled core Agile principles of collaboration, prioritization, team accountability and visibility; ensured consistent application of scrum methodologies
- Worked with the engineering and back office PeopleSoft team to identify cross-team dependencies and manage inter-team tasks
- Facilitated Scrum for off-site developers
- Document Management System is a highly complex $1.3M enterprise wide system that utilizes Oracle Universal Content Management System (CMS), Oracle Fusion Middleware, and Weblogic server
Confidential
Business/Systems Analyst
Responsibilities:
- Approve application user requests for entire call center of 500+
- System Administrator for First Advantage ADR, Choicepoint MVR, Carco pre-insurance inspection system and Current Carrier product, handled giving/removing user access to the systems using each vendors application, worked on improving system functionality, liaison between business and vendors. Worked directly with account managers to enhance product. Lead system administrator for the company.
- Semi-annual audit of authorized users for all call center applications. Worked directly with internal audit and IT Network Security Teams. Validate user’s access and remove when necessary. Ensure that no unauthorized access to systems was in place. Follow Sox compliance stipulations.
- Familiar with Human Resources TeamTrack software to remove user access to all critical applications upon their termination from the company.
- Annual DMV Security Statement certification for entire call center. Project Lead to gather all signatures and file according to company regulations for record retention.
- Annual Code of Conduct certification. Project Lead to ensure entire call center went through required certification. Report results to company Directors and Officers.
- Handled Department of Motor Vehicle state audit requests for all states we conduct business in. (CA, GA, IL, IN, NV, OH, OR, PA, WA, NJ, CO, MN, MI, WI, AZ, TX, FL) worked directly with states compliance department Officers.
- Supported Customer Service and Sales call center staff.
- Various adhoc audit projects involving all areas of the business.
- Call center metric reporting for management. Various Excel reporting and data collection and organization.
- Supported all areas of the organization with relation to the ongoing job functions of the center.
- Implemented and maintaining Efficiency reporting using Avaya CMS supervisor and IEX Total View software
- Assisted with Sox Compliance related requirements
Confidential
Call Center Support Analyst - Strategy Center
Responsibilities:
- Developed departmental call center activity reports.
- Project Lead on all call center floor reconfigurations involving 500+ representatives. Worked with IT, Telecom and Admin Services to facilitate moves.
- Worked directly with Customer Service VP and Management team on developing call flow improvement management and design.
- Maintained Genesys Configuration Manager by updating skill changes and call routing requirements for all call center agents.
- Monitored call center activity using Genesys Call Center Pulse (CC Pulse) created templates and supported overall Genesys systems.
- Maintained Meridian Max database that housed all call center representatives profiles.
- Wrote up proposals to Management in regards to procedure changes and improvements.
- Project Lead on Live Chat contact center feature for call center.
- Involved in company emergency response team; CPR and AED certified.
- Facilitated quarterly Management meetings for VP. Data analyst for quarterly call center key metrics presentations. Presented key metrics to company Officers and Management.
- Familiar with basic call center terminology and design, IVR systems, CTI, reader boards, Workforce Management software. | https://www.hireitpeople.com/resume-database/66-business-analyst-resumes/262837-resume-820 |
Consider the radioactive decay formula A=Aoe^-kt where a is the amount of radium remaining at the time t. Ao is the amount present initially and k is decay constant. After How many years would 10 grams of radium decay so that only 8 grams remain? The half read more ..
The formula db=20logS-26 approximately describes the relationship between of a sound in micropascals S and its reading on the decibel scale DB. if a bird singing produces a sound reading of about 400 uPa, and a jumbo jet produces a reading of 100 Pa, use read more .. | https://web2.0calc.com/members/maltesewolfman/ |
IT Security Analyst - Infrastructure and Security Team
CONTEXT Information technology and security are playing an increasingly crucial role in the success of each student and in the proper functioning of an organization. Do you want to work on one of the largest IT networks in Canada? With more than 16,000 workstations, 450 servers, 75,000 users, the CSMB network includes 110 fiber-optic buildings, managed centrally with advanced technologies such as SCCM, Nagios, Active Directory, Microsoft 365 and VMWare. JOB CHALLENGES AND FUNCTIONS Analysis and recommendations • Understand the current security environment; • Help to educate users on good IT security practices; • Make recommendations on optimal IT security solutions for the entire organization. Maintenance, modification and implementation of technological solutions • Manages or participates in the implementation of security products or solutions having an impact on technological activities. • Ensures maintenance, development, updating, implement and configure applications, systems, programs or IT equipment under his control in accordance with service standards and methodologies. • Defines, formalizes, updates or improves the processes and procedures related to his sector and sees to their application. • Takes support changes, problems and improvements affecting IT security. • Make changes and improvements, correct problems affecting applications, systems, programs or IT equipment related to security. • S 'ensures the application of test benches, the performance of systems and the coordination of activities required for implementation. • Ensures the design and updating of the various documentation inherent in security. Technology planning and recommendations • As a technical specialist in computer security, advises users, supervises activities related to his sector of intervention and do t the link with the other sections of its service. • Ensures the implementation of maintenance programs and activities as well as the improvement and implementation of IT applications and equipment. • Develops and analysis of solutions allowing the evolution and improvement of IT security within the entire organization. Monitoring of activities and participation in projects • Coordinates the implementation and plans the project activities in his sector (project deadlines, priorities, etc.) • Supports and provides functional coaching to team staff. • May be called upon to represent his sector with other external units or organizations. Knowledge support and updating • Is a technical reference in its field, disseminates and transmits its knowledge. Keeps abreast of advances and trends related to its field of activities and products. THE CSMB AS AN EMPLOYER IS: • A stimulating and collaborative work environment; • On-the-job training with highly qualified consultants; • Being able to count on group insurance, salary insurance and a RREGOP pension plan; • 20 days of vacation after one year of continuous service in addition to 2 weeks of paid vacation leave for the holiday period; • To work with thoserecent technologies from Microsoft and Google; • Free parking for employees; • An office is located less than 500 meters from Côte-Vertu station; • A club social organization which offers unusual privileges and activities to its members.
REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS • Undergraduate terminal university degree in an appropriate field of specialization, notably in computer science and at least 5 years of relevant experience. DESIRED KNOWLEDGE • Knowledge of infrastructure architecture, especially in Microsoft technologies (SCCM, AD, Office automation, Skype for business) ), mobility technology, server and storage, cloud computing (ie office 365 and Google G Suite) and operations; • Knowledge of large virtualized environments (VmWare); • Ability to quickly understand the functions and capabilities of new technologies and establish a long-term vision erme of infrastructure architecture; And most importantly, being passionate about technologies! SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS • Pass the SEL / CEFRANC French test / TECFEE within 3 months of hiring • Successful completion of a written exam on computer security. REQUIRED SKILLS • Professional leadership and ability to influence; • Passion for technology; • Sense of planning and management of priorities; • Client approach; • Teamwork; • Analytical skills; • Effective written and verbal communication. | https://emploisti.com/en/offre/it-security-analyst-infrastructure-and-security-team/ |
birth rate.(BBC 2014).
Human population change is the
difference between the size of the population from the beginning to the end of
a certain time period. In other words, population change refers to change in the number of people during a
specific time period (Wikipedia 2014). There are both positive and negative
consequences of population changes. To positive consequences, could be counted
increase of innovation in growing regions. What is more if the population
growth, education and medicine develops so that society becomes healthier. There
are also lots of negative consequences such as political conflicts or air
pollution.
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Water has very important role
in our life’s and there is no organism in the world that does not need water that’s
why water scarcity is one of the negative consequences of population change. Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available fresh
water resources to meet water demand. (Wikipedia
2018). There are two types of water scarcity: economic and physical. Physical Water Scarcity: Where the demand for water is greater than the supply
of water. Physical water scarcity does not have to be an arid environment,
because there demand for water in arid environments (deserts) is not normally
low meaning that there is no shortage. Economic Water Scarcity: Where there is water available, but for some economic
reason it is not possible to fully utilize the source of water. This might
because extraction or transportation costs are too high, or because the water
is polluted and it is not possible to treat it. (Greenfieldgeography 2018)
Yemen is a Middle Eastern country that’s currently
experiencing political and national strife. When turmoil brews, resources are
often brought to a halt. Certain parts of this country are run by terrorist
groups, making it difficult for citizens to get the aid they desperately need.
One of these scarce resources is water, as Yemen’s geographical layout doesn’t
yield many natural sources. As a result, it uses aid and other sources for
support. However, the current state of the country prevents these resources
from reaching the hands that need it most. According to UPI, Yemen’s capital,
Sanaa, is expected to be the first major city in the world to experience full
water scarcity.
The country of Jordan is located in one of the driest
regions in the Middle East, meaning that water isn’t exactly easy to come by.
However, their neighbors are no better off – many countries that surround
Jordan also experience water scarcity. As a result, Jordan often turns to its
two natural resources: the Jordan River and the Dead Sea. However, it costs
money and time to convert salt water to fresh water, and Jordan doesn’t have a
lot of those resources, considering its economic and political state. The
country’s population is also continually growing and those two resources are evaporating
more and more, leaving Jordan with very few options(The university of Arizona 2016).
Reference list:
o Stephen, C.
(2017) Our changing planet: Changing population and places
o Dictionary.com.
(2018) Definition: population. Retrived
from: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/population
o BBC. (2014)
Geography: Population change and structure. Retrived from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/population/population_change_structure_rev2.shtml
o Wikipedia. (2018) Population change. Retrived from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_change
o Wikipedia. (2018) Water sparsity. Retrived from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_scarcity
o Greenfieldgeography. | https://lyceecharlesdegaulle.eu/population-although-there-are-regions-where-population/ |
“I am an artist working primarily with photography and encaustic beeswax. Through my camera, I collect the beautiful colors and textures of daily life. When I take photographs, even highly abstracted ones, they hold powerful memories of when, where, and why.
I am especially interested in the elasticity of light as it dances around shadow and reflection. Capturing light is sometimes ethereal and sometimes edgy. It is intriguing how the camera lens “sees” differently than the eye.
My method of developing photography involves transferring the ink from my prints onto cradled panels and saturating with encaustic. This creates soft imagery with a luminous glow and aromatic scent of beeswax.
The transfer process makes me feel connected to my artwork. My hands are on every print, smoothing and burnishing and revealing the final imagery. The rhythm becomes a moving meditation. Each transfer is unique, an absolute one of a kind. The transfer process literally transforms the original image into something new.
Layers of encaustic illuminate the imagery and lend visual depth and texture to the photographs. It is the perfect finishing touch. Beeswax has a very sensuous surface, yet it is also highly archival and durable.
In addition to encaustic, I am also a bookbinder. For years encaustic and bookbinding were separate entities in my life, the art and the craft, the experimental and the meditative, and I craved a convergence. My encaustic journals are designed to honor books as an art form.”
Erin studied art at Miami University, Ohio, and graduated with an M.A. in Art Education. She moved to the Blue Ridge Mountains and taught at Brevard Middle School earning National Board Certification in Visual Arts. In 2011, she moved into a new career stage, becoming a professional artist and instructor. She is a member of Southern Highland Craft Guild and her art is represented by 310 ART in Asheville, NC, where she also teaches classes. | https://310art.com/erin-keane/ |
When you’re working at warp speed, taking an hour or two to reflect on projects past can feel like a low priority. At UME, we’ve found that retrospectives are actually mission-critical. That gathering together with colleagues and clients to honestly reflect on the quality of our collaborative relationships and work product is exactly what we’re called to do as leaders and creatives committed to growth. This is especially true when working with remote teams, where creating intentional space for reflection can be critical in creating culture and cultivating generative team dynamics.
Why Retrospectives Matter
- They Build Trust & Strengthen Relationships. Holding feedback sessions builds trust by saying, “I'm listening. I’m open to your perspective. I want to improve — and I want us to improve.” Feedback can surface hidden issues and give us the chance to course-correct before it’s too late. Investing this kind of time and attention into the relationship strengthens (and sometimes saves) relationships.
- They Reveal Surprising Insights. Feedback gives us all an opportunity to learn from someone else’s experience and perspective. Holding space and seeking new information makes us wiser, and helps us to see the whole system (not just our limited POV).
- They Mature Teams. Retrospectives ask us to be self aware. To know and voice our concerns. To assess and organize feedback in a productive way. To know, name and address problems with curiosity and eventually ease so they don’t bubble up later. With practice, this self-reflection and communication happens more and more in real time — saving everyone time and energy.
- They Helps Us Grow & Improve. Armed with these insights, we know where to focus our energy and imagination in order to become more effective and efficient. And when we as a team know what each other is working on, we can better support each other on our journey and help each other stay accountable.
Tools For Holding Generative Retrospectives
Create an intentional space for it. It is important to create an intentional container around when feedback gets delivered. If it is coming from multiple directions at random times it can be overwhelming and not particularly productive. Set aside clear times to schedule a retrospective shortly after the end of a project and name the meeting accordingly so that everyone is on the same page.
Have a shared document that everyone has access to. This will ensure that all participants are in alignment and helps to make feedback accessible after the session.
Create Psychological Safety. Practice active listening and embrace vulnerability. It is always a two-way conversation and it requires that everyone in the room be willing to have uncomfortable conversations. Make this a space for exploring the potential of what could be.
Start by celebrating what is working well. So many times, we don’t make time to celebrate: we’re on to the next project or problem to solve. But there is also so much to be learned by our successes! Creating structures to pause and acknowledge growth, good work, and values in action is the glue that holds us together. Celebrating helps us all feel seen, appreciated and engaged.
Talk about areas of improvement. Radical honesty with a dose of empathy can be the most generous thing we can offer our teammates and the project as a whole. Engage a conversation. Ask questions to clarify or understand the reasoning for a specific decision or approach.
Keep a growth mindset. Remember: it’s not personal. Moments of tension or friction can bring creativity and innovation. Feedback can help us to see new possibilities. Ultimately, it is about helping us to take the work to the next level, together.
Accountability & Next Steps. Leave the meeting with clear next steps and ownership over what we’ll do differently in the future. Be ready to keep each other accountable and support each other in the process of growth beyond the session. | https://www.umedesign.co/the-lab/why-retrospectives-matter |
By the term ‘forests’ we mean the ecosystem itself as a resource with all the prevailing inputs and diversity available for forestry and related industry activities incorporating the economic, the environmental and the socio-cultural dimensions of the sustainable management of forests.
Geographically the framework addresses the Mediterranean countries with both its northern and southern bordering countries as well and the Near east.
Forests and other wooded lands are highly integrated into the Mediterranean and the Near East landscapes. Through millennia, the civilizations have been using multiple social, economic and environmental goods and services provided by these ecosystems. As a consequence, the present landscapes are the result of a long-term interaction between populations and forest ecosystems. These multiples goods and services provided by forest ecosystems contribute directly to food security of the rural population in the Mediterranean and the Near East region (from the SFoMF).
Forests hold important attributes that can eventually create conflicts among different people interests resulting in mixed, controversial and confusing messages.
Forests are affected by policies at national levels designed for various purposes. To foster coherence, it is essential to engage stakeholders at all levels in an open dialogue on forests.
People have a lack of understanding on sustainable forest management which might create a false perception on the perverse actions society could exert on the forests affecting the forests potential role of mitigating climate change.
There are numerous institutions and organizations in the forest sector. There is no common message, no common voice.
Challenges are significant to the forests in our region. Controversial approaches and perceptions have increased the gap between the reality and the decision makers. Attempts for the sector need to maintain and build upon broad support and trust. This will require clear, systematic and concerted communication on forests. We need to make messages on forests timely, effective, clear, and relevant; update them regularly; while using the broadest range of communication channels.
The Mediterranean and the Near East Region, with over 1 Billion people across three continents (Europe, Africa and Asia) and a rich cultural and natural heritage, is an ecological region with a specific climate, where environment and societies have evolved together for centuries.
Climate change is already a reality in this region where the forecasts of increasing climatic and weather extremes, are adding new threats and risks to cope with. These factors reinforce the already existing pressures, degradation phenomena and the vulnerability of Mediterranean ecosystems and populations. | http://med-forest-communicators.org/en/Pages/Forests |
Agent-based Semantic Web Service Composition closely examines the various aspects of SWS composition, and explores the concept that a Multi-Agent system can serve as an SWS composition system in which its agents can interact with one another to satisfy a high-level goal. In addition to surveying various proposed multi-agent-based SWS composition models, the book also highlights the cognitive parameter-based semantic web service selection models that can be used in multi-agent-based SWS composition, and outlines a new negotiation agreement-based SWS composition that can outperform existing techniques.
Agent-based Semantic Web Service Composition is intended for researchers and practitioners as a reference guide for optimizing SWS composition and implementing multi-agent systems. Instructors and other academics working in a related field will also find the book invaluable.
Achieving zero hunger and food security is a top priority in the United Nations Development Goals (UNDGs). In an era characterized by high population growth and increasing pressure on agricultural systems, efficiency in the use of natural resources has become central to sustainable agricultural practices. Fundamentally speaking, eco-efficiency is about maximizing agricultural outputs, in terms of quantity and quality, using less land, water, nutrients, energy, labor, or capital. The concept of eco-efficiency involves both the ecological and economic aspects of sustainable agriculture. It is therefore essential to understand the interaction of ecosystem constituents within the extensive agricultural landscape, as well as farmers' economic needs.
This book examines the latest eco-efficient practices used in agro-systems. Drawing upon research and examples from around the world, it offers an up-to-date overview, together with insights into directly applicable approaches for poly-cropping systems and landscape-scale management to improve the stability of agricultural production systems, helping achieve food security. The book will be of interest to educators, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders and policymakers alike. It can also be used as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate courses on agriculture, forestry, soil science, and the environmental sciences.
This book focuses on exploring the use of software fault prediction in building reliable and robust software systems. It is divided into the following chapters: Chapter 1 presents an introduction to the study and also introduces basic concepts of software fault prediction. Chapter 2 explains the generalized architecture of the software fault prediction process and discusses its various components. In turn, Chapter 3 provides detailed information on types of fault prediction models and discusses the latest literature on each model. Chapter 4 describes the software fault datasets and diverse issues concerning fault datasets when building fault prediction models. Chapter 5 presents a study evaluating different techniques on the basis of their performance for software fault prediction. Chapter 6 presents another study evaluating techniques for predicting the number of faults in the software modules. In closing, Chapter 7 provides a summary of the topics discussed.
The book will be of immense benefit to all readers who are interested in starting research in this area. In addition, it offers experienced researchers a valuable overview of the latest work in this area.
SystemC Kernel Extensions for Heterogeneous System Modeling is a result of an almost two year endeavour on our part to understand how SystemC can be made useful for system level modeling at higher levels of abstraction. Making it a truly heterogeneous modeling language and platform, for hardware/software co-design as well as complex embedded hardware designs has been our focus in the work reported in this book.
The book initially presents the basic concepts related to the Semantic Web, Semantic Web-based applications, Web applications, Ontology, and their qualitative aspects. It then presents the evaluation of the structural quality of modular ontologies and review on metrics for the evaluation of ontology behavior.Further, the book discusses the qualitative evaluation of Semantic Web applications deployed on the Cloud, helping readers understand, maintain, integrate, and reuse these applications. The book offers software engineers in general and ontology engineers in particular a single, valuable guide to help them find the best modularization on the basis of goodness of (re) use. It can also serve as an initial source of information for starting research in this domain.
This book offers comprehensive coverage of important grain cereals including their origin and distribution, crop gene pool, level of diversity, production constraints, traits of importance for genetic base widening, crop improvement methodologies, genome mapping, genomics for breeding, and future strategies. The chapters, contributed by eminent crop researchers from around the world, provide rare insights into the crop-specific constraints and prospects drawing from their substantial experience. As such, the book offers an essential source of information for grain cereals scientists, teachers, students, policy planners and developmental experts alike.Grain cereals, which comprise rice, wheat, maize, barley, oats, sorghum and millets, are members of the grass family. These crops are vital to human nutrition, thanks to their roles as staple food crops in different parts of the globe. Some of them are rich sources of carbohydrates, which provide energy, while others are important sources of minerals, vitamins and proteins, in addition to their medicinal properties. In most cereals, the existing variability among elite germplasm has been exploited to attain a desirable level of productivity. However, to make further breakthroughs in enhancing yield and improving stability in future crop cultivars, new sources of genes/alleles need to be identified in wild/weedy species and incorporated into the cultivated varieties. Though there have been many publications on various aspects of grain cereal improvement in the recent past, to date this essential information has remained scattered among different periodicals.
This book describes the emerging point-of-care (POC) technologies that are paving the way to the next generation healthcare monitoring and management. It provides the readers with comprehensive, up-to-date information about the emerging technologies, such as smartphone-based mobile healthcare technologies, smart devices, commercial personalized POC technologies, paper-based immunoassays (IAs), lab-on-a-chip (LOC)-based IAs, and multiplex IAs. The book also provides guided insights into the POC diabetes management software and smart applications, and the statistical determination of various bioanalytical parameters. Additionally, the authors discuss the future trends in POC technologies and personalized and integrated healthcare solutions for chronic diseases, such as diabetes, stress, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders. Each POC technology is described comprehensively and analyzed critically with its characteristic features, bioanalytical principles, applications, advantages, limitations, and future trends. This book would be a very useful resource and teaching aid for professionals working in the field of POC technologies, in vitro diagnostics (IVD), mobile healthcare, Big Data, smart technology, software, smart applications, biomedical engineering, biosensors, personalized healthcare, and other disciplines.
This book addresses software faults-a critical issue that not only reduces the quality of software, but also increases their development costs. Various models for predicting the fault-proneness of software systems have been proposed; however, most of them provide inadequate information, limiting their effectiveness. This book focuses on the prediction of number of faults in software modules, and provides readers with essential insights into the generalized architecture, different techniques, and state-of-the art literature. In addition, it covers various software fault datasets and issues that crop up when predicting number of faults.
A must-read for readers seeking a "one-stop" source of information on software fault prediction and recent research trends, the book will especially benefit those interested in pursuing research in this area. At the same time, it will provide experienced researchers with a valuable summary of the latest developments.
Maize is a globally important crop mainly utilized as feed, food and raw material for diverse industrial applications. Among cereals, it occupies third place after rice and wheat and is a staple food for a large segment of population worldwide particularly in the Asian as well as African countries. This monogram discusses various aspects of nutritional quality of maize such as quality protein maize which has been considered as most significant discovery in enhancing nutritional quality of cereals in terms of increasing the concentration of essential amino acids. The biochemistry of starch which is an important industrial product of maize has been discussed in detail. Further, the role of maize oil which is highly regarded for human consumption as it reduces the blood cholesterol concentration has also been elaborated. Naturally, maize is a rich source of carotenoids such as beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, cryptoxanthin which have highly diverse health benefits ranging from maintaining normal vision to lowering of oxidative stress. The need for biofortification of maize for provitamin A carotenoids and their role in alleviating vision impairments have also been discussed. The effect of various biotic and abiotic stresses particularly carbon dioxide and temperature on quality has been discussed thoroughly. Many value-added products as well as fermented foods that have been produced from maize which is consumed in different forms worldwide are also discussed. The aspects related to the maize application as fodder and as a source of malting have also been covered concisely. Overall, the book provides complete information about various quality aspects of maize. The various stakeholders such as maize researchers, extension specialists, students, teachers as well as farmers will be immensely benefitted from this monogram.
This book covers innovations in starter culture, production of health beneficial fermented food products, technological intervention in beer, wine and spirits production, marketing of alcoholic beverages, modernization of dairy plants for production of fermented dairy products, non-diary probiotics, development of automatic fermenters, and packaging technology. Furthermore, it includes genetic engineering for improved production and quality improvement of food and beverages, which allows forecasting of the quality of the final product. Specifically this includes applications of hybrid methods combining multivariate statistics and computational intelligence, the role of consumers in innovation of novel food and beverages, and IPRS in respect to food and beverages. Innovations in Technologies for Fermented Food and Beverage Industries is a resource for students, researchers, professionals in the industry, as well as governments in their efforts to adopt technologies of their interest.
This book presents select proceedings of the National Conference on Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials (ASCM 2019) held at the National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India. The book includes contributions from academics and practitioners on low-energy cement technologies, innovative materials and structural technologies towards cost-effective, environment friendly, durable, energy-efficient, and sustainable construction. The topics covered emphasize on cutting-edge, economically viable, and sustainable solutions with an aim to increase profitability, and decrease construction time and overall impact on the built environment. The book will be useful for researchers and practitioners interested in sustainable construction and allied fields.
This book of 'directions' focuses on cyber security research, education and training in India, and work in this domain within the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. IIT Kanpur's Computer Science and Engineering Department established an `Interdisciplinary Center for Cyber Security and Cyber Defense of Critical Infrastructures (C3I Center)' in 2016 with funding from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), and other funding agencies. The work at the center focuses on smart grid security, manufacturing and other industrial control system security; network, web and data security; cryptography, and penetration techniques. The founders are involved with various Indian government agencies including the Reserve Bank of India, National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Center, UIDAI, CCTNS under home ministry, Ministry of IT and Electronics, and Department of Science & Technology. The center also testifies to the parliamentary standing committee on cyber security, and has been working with the National Cyber Security Coordinator's office in India. Providing glimpses of the work done at IIT Kanpur, and including perspectives from other Indian institutes where work on cyber security is starting to take shape, the book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals, as well as educationists and policymakers.
This book discusses the various open issues of blockchain technology, such as the efficiency of blockchain in different domains of digital cryptocurrency, smart contracts, smart education system, smart cities, cloud identity and access, safeguard to cybersecurity and health care. For the first time in human history, people across the world can trust each other and transact over a large peer-to-peer networks without any central authority. This proves that, trust can be built not only by centralized institution but also by protocols and cryptographic mechanisms. The potential and collaboration between organizations and individuals within peer networks make it possible to potentially move to a global collaborative network without centralization. Blockchain is a complex social, economic and technological phenomenon. This questions what the established terminologies of the modern world like currency, trust, economics and exchange would mean. To make any sense, one needs to realize how much insightful and potential it is in the context and the way it is technically developed.
Due to rapid changes in accessing the documents through online transactions and transferring the currency online, many previously used methods are proving insufficient and not secure to solve the problem which arises in the safe and hassle-free transaction.
Nowadays, the world changes rapidly, and a transition flow is also seen in Business Process Management (BPM). The traditional Business Process Management holds good establishment last one to two decades, but, the internal workflow confined in a single organization. They do not manage the workflow process and information across organizations. If they do so, again fall in the same trap as the control transfers to the third party that is centralized server and it leads to tampering the data, and single point of failure. To address these issues, this book highlights a number of unique problems and effective solutions that reflects the state-of-the art in blockchain Technology. This book explores new experiments and yields promising solutions to the current challenges of blockchain technology.
This book is intended for the researchers, academicians, faculties, scientists, blockchain specialists, business management and software industry professionals who will find it beneficial for their research work and set new ideas in the field of blockchain. This book caters research work in many fields of blockchain engineering, and it provides an in-depth knowledge of the fields covered.
This book is a collection of selected papers presented at the First Congress on Intelligent Systems (CIS 2020), held in New Delhi, India, during September 5-6, 2020. It includes novel and innovative work from experts, practitioners, scientists, and decision-makers from academia and industry. It covers selected papers in the area of computer vision. This book covers new tools and technologies in some of the important areas of medical science like histopathological image analysis, cancer taxonomy, use of deep learning architecture in dental care, and many more. Furthermore, this book reviews and discusses the use of intelligent learning-based algorithms for increasing the productivity in agricultural domain.
Fertilizers have been used extensively around the globe since the Green Revolution, due to the high subsidies. However, extensive fertilizer use exacerbates soil degradation and causes yield stagnation, and as a result threatens food security and soil sustainability, especially in developing countries. This means that sustainable soil and environmental management are vital to provide food and nutritional security for present and future generations. This has led to the International Union of Soil Science (IUSS) declaring 2015-2024 the International Decade of Soils. This book focuses on the impact of sustainable management of soil and environment on improving the functioning of soil-ecosystems and agronomic productivity, and also discusses food security, nutrient cycling, recent advances in INM technologies, eco-friendly cultivation, agricultural practices to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as conservation agriculture and its effects, and strategies for soil sustainability. Offering a comprehensive overview of management in the context of the sustainability of soil and the agroecosystems that it supports, it demonstrates the options available and provides insights into restoring soil health and matching soil nutrient supply with crop demand to ensure nutritional security in an eco-friendly environment. | https://librairie.citebd.org/listeliv.php?base=all&form_recherche_avancee=ok&auteurs=Sandeep%20Kumar |
The purpose of this investigation is to improve the precision of early identification screening for reading failure and to determine the extent to which secondary prevention modifies its probability. The emotional and economic sequelae of reading failure in a highly literate society represent a public health concern. Despite the unprecedented national attention given to the problem of reading failure, a model that accurately identifies who will and who will not exhibit early reading failure does not exist. The number of potential marker variables are legion but have yet to be coordinated into a cohesive system that is theoretically robust and systematically tested. In addition, the duration of research-based reading intervention and its long term effects on at-risk children are rarely studied. Two research questions are designed to address the limitations of past research: (a) Is the precision of early identification screening improved by incorporating fluency and growth measures; and (b) Does the probability of reading failure defined by the early identification screen interact with instructional duration to modify the risk of reading failure both immediately and longitudinally? A novel aspect of the design is defining risk of reading failure continuously as probability level rather than dichotomously. The research plan incorporates a multiple cohort design in which three successive cohorts of first grade children are selected (N=250-300 across years). In Year 1, measures tested for the early identification screen include accuracy and fluency measures collected as point estimates (static measurement) and across time (growth measurement). We hypothesize that the lack of attention to fluency and growth has hampered past early identification efforts. Multiple regression and dominance analysis are used to assess impact on reading measured continuously and to reduce the variable set. Logistic regression is used to develop the best fitting algorithm to predict reading failure and produce probabilities. This algorithm is applied in Years 2 and 3 to identify children with higher probabilities of failure (N=180). These children are assigned to a no treatment control or to intervention that lasts 10 weeks or 16 weeks. Duration is varied to understand what is gained and lost by the intervention lengths typically used in reading intervention research. All three cohorts are followed through third grade with the diagnostic battery. [unreadable] [unreadable]
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The Institute for Comparative Modernities (Cornell University) and the Institute of African American Affairs (New York University) will hold the international conference “Global Black Consciousness” on May 11 and 12, 2014, in Dakar, Senegal. The conference is coordinated by Margo Natalie Crawford and Salah Hassan (Cornell University) and Manthia Diawara (NYU). The conference will coincide with the opening days of the Dakar Biennale (Dak’Art 2014), which opens on May 9, 2014. The two-day gathering will focus on the theme of “Global Black Consciousness,” with invited participants who will present new and unpublished work.
THEME/CONCEPT:
Now that we have such tremendous scholarship on particular identities shaped by the African diaspora (Afro-German, Black British, African American, Afro-Latina/o, Afro-Caribbean, and many more) and tremendous theories of the value and limits of Pan-Africanism, Afro-pessimism, and many other “isms,” how do we create a space for the critical and nuanced analysis of global black consciousness as both a citing of diasporic flows and a grounded site of decolonizing movement? This multi-event and multi-site conference aims to explore the confluence between theories of diaspora and theories of decolonization. Moreover, the crisscrossing of visual art, literature, film, and other cultural productions will be explored alongside the crosscurrent that shaped the transnational flow of black consciousness. The scholars participating in this conference will situate their work in the space of the crisscrossing that occurred as the Black freedom struggle became a layering of locations and dislocations and past, present, and future.
The 1960s and 70s will be the pivot point as we think about the precursors and legacies of the 1960s and 70s black freedom struggles. From May 9 to June 8, 2014, Dak’Art, la Biennale de l’Art Africain Contemporain, will be held in Dakar. The theme and the occasion allow to revisit major Black and Pan-African intellectual movements and festivals (such as the Dakar’s Festival of World Negro Arts of 1966, Algiers of 1969, and FESTAC 1977 in Lagos, Nigeria, among others) in addition to revisiting individual artistic and intellectual work tied to Africa and the African Diaspora.
As a keynote event, there will be a screening of Manthia Diawara’s film Edouard Glissant: One World in Relation (2010), on the Martiniquan philosopher and poet Edouard Glissant.
The conference’s papers will be published in a co-edited volume entitled Global Black Consciousness. | https://africandigitalart.com/2014/05/event-global-black-consciousness/ |
Leader of the Opposition People's National Party, Dr Peter Phillips says his life was never the same after he met “Sister Minnie” in the 1960s. Minion Cislyn Phillips, the mother of his children and lifelong friend, passed away on September 17, 2018. Both were 18 years old when they first met at The University of the West Indies, Mona.
Dr Phillips told members of the Rastafarian community, family members, Government officials, and well-wishers who gathered inside the University Chapel, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus recently to celebrate the life of his first wife, that their lives were intertwined.
“There were ups and downs, challenges and struggles, victories and setbacks, yet throughout it all we were to sustain a friendship and a family based on mutual respect and love that not even her passing will erase,” Dr Phillips told the gathering.
Dr Phillips and Minie, as she was affectionally known to many, were a part of the generation of the 1960s that was steadfast on “Mashing down Babylon”.
During the 1960s there were a number of uprising to include bulldozing of shacks in the West Kingston community known then as “Back O Wall” — a year after Jamaica gained independence, the anti-Chinese riot in 1965, the bulldozing of shacks at Foreshore Road (now Marcus Garvey Drive) in 1966, among which other issues led to the state of emergency in October 1966.
Sis Minnie, who was well aware of the suffering experienced by the over 4,000 squatters living in Back O Wall now Tivoli Gardens, fighting the colonial order, was influenced by a generation that was not pleased with what was happening in independent Jamaica.
She became a part of a movement to include UWI lecturer Walter Rodney, the latter becoming a part of off-campus discussion on African liberation and the relevance of black power to the Jamaican situation, although Sis Minnie was not formally a student at the institution.
Inevitably, she became a part of the Mona Campus-based Black Power Movement that emerged out of Rodney's teachings.
The presence of Sis Minnie, who was also known as (Wolete Tsion - translated as Daughter of Zion) did not go unnoticed, and her courage and determination in any confrontation linked her and Dr Phillips to a number of movements including the Progressive Force Islandwide.
When the Government banned Rodney from re-entering the island in October 1968, UWI students marched on the streets of Kingston protesting the ban.
According to Dr Phillips, Sis Minnie took her place in the front line. “She absorbed the tear gas and she fought,” he said.
Admitting that she was a leading agent of change, Dr Phillips, who himself was a part of the Black Power Movement and 12 Tribes of Israel, said she brought passion, activism and a determination to succeed that could not be reversed.
“She was an unquenchable life force that just would not be stopped. From this vantage point 50 years after, it is clear that perhaps the most striking feature of her personality was her refusal to accept the limitations on her vision or the confinement of her ambitions that the Jamaican society of the 1960s would have wanted to place on a young girl from Standpipe Lane.
“She was determined to be all that. She wanted to be not what society had decided that she should be and she was big and broad in her ambitions. She was wife, mother, Rasta- woman, Pan Africanist, master chef, restaurateur, jewellery, dance promoter, stage show promoter, archaeologist, naturalist, daughter, sister, athlete, and much else besides…society could not confine her. Truth is, Minnie could not and cannot be categorised. She was a one of a kind sort of person. She was an island girl thoroughly Jamaican who was in love with all things Jamaican, and one who would explore Jamaica from Reach Falls in Portland to Negril beach in Westmoreland. She loved the people, the food of the country, the rivers and the force of love in the hearts and souls of the Jamaican people,” Phillips emphatically stated.
But her passion did not stop there, according to the Minister of Culture, Gender, Entertainment and Sport Olivia “Babsy” Grange.
Minister Grange, while noting that Sister Minnie's work must be highlighted, described her as a cultural pioneer.
In the 1970s and 1980s when the Rastafarian culture started to be accepted due to the international growth of reggae music, Minnie's Ethiopian Herbal Food Restaurant was the first 'ital' restaurant in the country.
By this time Minnie's restuarant was a popular establishment for vegetarians, musicians, and visitors seeking a unique, Jamaican gastronomic experience.
Grange told the congregation that as an entrepreneur Sister Minnie had a focus on the links between Jamaica and Africa, especially Ghana, from where many Africans came to Jamaica as slaves.
“When the Jamaica National Heritage Trust's excavation was done at New Seville Great House, they unearthed the remains of some of these enslaved Africans. Sister Minnie insisted that some, if not all of the remains, should be returned for burial in Africa,” Grange informed.
The minister further explained that in 1998, as a member of the Seville African Ancestors Committee, Sis Minnie worked with the Government to organise and accompany to Ghana the remains of an enslaved African, Lady Crystal, who had been brought to Jamaica more than 360 years ago. In addition to that, the remains of Samuel Carson, which were discovered by a group in New York, were also repatriated.
The remains were handed over to the Ghanaian Government and buried during the country's first Emancipation Day celebration in July 1998 by Chief Nkyi, signifying the 'Great Homecoming' of all Africans in the Diaspora, including the Caribbean, the Americas, and beyond.
The minister stated that her prophetic efforts paved the way for Africans in the Diaspora to claim the “Right to return” allows Caribbean descendants of slavery to enter Ghana without a visa. As a result of ill-health, Sister Minnie was unable to attend Ghana's Emancipation Day celebration in July.
Manchester Member North Western of Parliament, Mikael Phillips, while reminiscing on some of the adventures he shared with his mother, said he met Michael Manley through her, and not his father.
“We lived a life that many dreamt of. We were able to experience things that others would not have experienced. Even in my daily routine as a Member of Parliament … persons wouldn't understand our background and the foundation that was laid by both my mother and my father,” he said, adding that there were days when his mother would take them to Nyahbinghi in Bull Bay, St Andrew, where they were allowed to express themselves whichever way they wanted to.
“She never once told us that we had to follow her footsteps.”
She was also remembered by her sons Robert Chin, David Phillips, and her granddaughter Destiny.
Sis Minnie, the fourth of five children, was born on October 10, 1949 to policeman Stanford Smith and Rita Samson.
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Rise in demand for the Inline-4 Cylinder Engine especially in the Asia-Pacific region has played a vital role drive the automotive balance shaft market. Further, the need for eco-friendly automobiles is on an increase, owing to the strict government emission policies. However, demand for electric vehicle has hampered the automotive balance shaft market growth to a greater extent. On the other hand, pressure over the manufacturers to integrate balance shafts in automobiles to provide engines with reduced vibration, noise, and vibration is projected to create greater opportunities for the automotive balance shaft market.
The automobile balance shaft market is segmented based on engine type, manufacturing process, vehicle type, and geography. The engine type covered in the market research report include Inline-3 Cylinder Engine, Inline-4 Cylinder Engine, Inline-5 Cylinder Engine, and V6 engine. The manufacturing processes discussed in the study are forged and cast processes. The types of vehicle are passenger cars, light commercial vehicle (LCV), and heavy commercial vehicle (HCV). The regions considered in the study are North America, Europe, Asia -Pacific and LAMEA.
Some of the key market players studied in the report include American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc., LACO, Mitec-jebsen Automotive Systems (Dalian) Co Ltd, Musashi Seimitsu Industry Co., Ltd., Ningbo Jingda Hardware Manufacture Co., Ltd., Otics Corporation, Sansera Engineering Pvt. Ltd, SHW AG, SKF Group AB, and TFO Corporation.
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KEY BENEFITS FOR STAKEHOLDERS
- This study includes the analytical depiction of the global automotive balance shaft market along with current trends and future estimations to determine the imminent investment pockets.
- The report presents information regarding key drivers, restraints, and opportunities.
- The current market is quantitatively analyzed from 2016 to 2023 to highlight the financial competency of the industry.
- Porter's Five Forces analysis illustrates the potency of the buyers and suppliers in the automotive balance shaft industry.
KEY MARKET SEGMENTS
By Manufacturing Process
- Forged
- Cast
By Engine Type
- Inline-3 Cylinder Engine
- Inline-4 Cylinder Engine
- Inline-5 Cylinder Engine
- V-6 Engine
By Vehicle Type
- Passenger Cars
- Light Commercial Vehicles
- Heavy Commercial Vehicles
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By Region
- North America
- U.S.
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- UK
- Germany
- France
- Rest of Europe
- Asia-Pacific
- China
- Japan
- India
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
- LAMEA
- Latin America
- Middle East
- Africa
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Table Of Contents
- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
- CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- CHAPTER 3 MARKET OVERVIEW
- CHAPTER 4 AUTOMOTIVE BALANCE SHAFT MARKET, BY MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- CHAPTER 5 AUTOMOTIVE BALANCE SHAFT MARKET, BY ENGINE TYPE
- CHAPTER 6 AUTOMOTIVE BALANCE SHAFT MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE
- CHAPTER 7 AUTOMOTIVE BALANCE SHAFT MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY
- CHAPTER 8 COMPANY PROFILES
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In process of stocking **Edition of 100** Recorded and assembled 2015-2020 by William Selman and mastered by Stephan Mathieu. William Selman’s latest release on his label Critique of Everyday Life co-managed by Chris Miller (aka Gunnar Haslam, Emile Zener) is a slow, sparse unfolding in three parts. Forming a kind of enigmatic triptych that evolves, breathes and retreats over the course of 45 minutes, these arrangements are capable of standing on their own, or working together as a brilliant summation of parts. Intensely cinematic but not overly lush, Saccades finds its power through a meticulous, purposeful construction. Selman, as he’s done with previous releases, is able to harness a delicate balance between controlled intention and surrender to process.
Part of why Saccades is compelling has to do with Selman’s ability to make room for negative space. Silence is an integral part of these arrangements, which lends to a storytelling sensibility. The term “saccades” actually refers to involuntary rapid eye fixations the eyes make while taking in an image. Selman says, “this constant motion and tracking, trying to make sense of a scene is a metaphor for my inability to focus on anything over the last year. I wanted to make music that structurally broke up itself into episodes that shifted from one similar idea to another, but not directly—instead they shift by fading in and out.” This concept translates well to the sonic result; ongoing tension between the active and passive principles—a moving forward, a stepping back, creating, destroying, yielding—creates hyper visceral tension and almost feels like an affront to our capitalistic, hyper-productive conditioning.
The opening arrangement— the title track—is suspenseful, mysterious, eerie, and wonderfully atmospheric. Sounds of light rain set against jewelled, metallic tones bring to mind the dystopian. It’s easy to envision a plot playing out; chords towards the end raise the stakes and introduce a new element to the story, potentially leading to climax. Then, footsteps. Whose? We don’t know. And though it may be intentionally disorienting, it still makes us want to turn the page. Each of these three pieces hover around the 14-minute mark, becoming mini universes within themselves. “Ghost Strata” is filled with field recordings and sonic elements that bring to mind a watery abyss. Selman’s exceptional sound design is apparent here: shakers appear in one ear and move around the head, satisfying the senses. Non-melodic, retro synth makes an appearance, entering the foreground. Then the negative space steps forward again, but it’s not completely silent.
Static arises alongside gong-like chiming; every small sound is made massive, for even the tiniest sounds in “Ghost Strata” bounce against the quiet, strengthening their potency. The third and final arrangement feels as if it’s starting in medias res; tension is continued straight away with discordant, metallic tones. However, this tension is dispelled more swiftly than in the previous two compositions; in fact, “Waking Tracing” is a departure from the other tracks, in that it draws more from the natural world. A single field recording acts as the foundation of the piece, upon which Selman overlaid other recordings and sounds to generate a sense of both direct and associative memories.
For example, a symphony of bird sounds guides us into the most organic moment of the release yet. But, Selman being the storyteller that he is, eclipses this levity by weaving it around low droning. Hyper natural textures are threaded into an off-kilter atmosphere. Its moments like this that incite contemplation of Nature vs. Machine, or the destruction of the natural as it interplays with the unnatural. Regardless, the piece keeps moving, albeit non-linearly, until something is transmuted. The sonic landscape becomes bright, as if the sun itself is filling the space. Footsteps re-enter for the first time since the title track, but this time they are less menacing. In both arrangements, the ear wants to follow them. Saccades ends how it began: wavering between two zones: one tense and disorienting, one meditative and purposeful.
But Selman doesn’t leave us hanging—the release completes itself intentionally, and makes for a deeply rewarding listen. | https://www.soundohm.com/product/saccades |
How to Write an Accounting Essay?
The most crucial component of writing an accounting essay or report is to ensure that the content is instructive and factually accurate, that opinions are supported by facts and statistics following the most recent financial reporting requirements, and that the article considers all points of view. A good accounting essay must also have a nice layout and presentation. Including an introduction to launch the essay is essential for two reasons: first, to address the topic, and second, to identify the audience.
Steps to write an accounting essay
Before embarking on any written exercise, the writer must have it clear in their mind who they are writing for, so consider your audience’s level of accountancy knowledge. In addition, the essay must provide an impartial conclusion to ensure that it has addressed the accounting topic given. Here are the steps for accounting assignment help and accounting homework help.
#1 – Identify the Transaction
The first stage in the accounting process is to identify the business transaction. The company entity must identify financial and monetary transactions. As a result, only monetary transactions are recorded. Furthermore, only company transactions need to be registered, and not the owner’s transactions are to be included in the business’s books of accounts.
#2 – Recording of the Transactions in the Journal
The second phase in the accounting process is to make a journal entry for each accounting transaction after identifying the transactions. The point at which transactions are recorded is determined by the entity’s accounting policy, i.e., accrual or cash basis of accounting.
Revenues and costs are recorded in the entity’s books at the time when they are generated and incurred, regardless of actual cash receipt and payment, under the accrual method of accounting. On the other hand, cash accounting records transactions only when actual cash is received/paid. Every transaction in a dual entry system impacts at least two accounts, i.e., one version is debited, and another account is credited. For example, if the purchases are made in cash, the purchases account is debited (the purchases account is credited), and the cash account is credited (cash decreases).
#3 – Posting in the Ledger
Individual accounts are reported in the general ledger when the transaction is recorded in the Journal. It allows the owner/accountant to know the amount of each account individually. For example, all debits and credits from a bank account are moved to the ledger account, allowing you to see the change in bank balance over time. Finally, we may use it to calculate the ending bank balance.
#4 – Unadjusted Trial Balance
The company’s trial balance is prepared to determine whether or not the debits match the credits. The primary goal of the trial balance is to discover any errors that occurred throughout the preceding phase. The trial balance shows all account balances at the period specified. Following the production of the trial balance, it is reviewed to ensure that the total of all credits equals the sum of all debts; if the capacity does not match, an error must be detected and fixed. Other explanations for the error may exist, but an accountant will first attempt to discover the mistake by preparing the trial balance. In addition, trial balance allows you to see the aggregate of all account balances.
#5 – Adjusting Journal Entries
When the accrual method of accounting is used, some entries must be made at the end of the fiscal year, such as entries for expenses that may have been incurred but are not yet recorded in the Journal and entries for income that may have been earned but not yet recorded in the books. For example, the interest on a fixed deposit is made each year, but it is accumulated in the fixed deposit amount. This interest income must be recorded in the books of accounts yearly because the interest is earned annual, regardless of the amount paid once the fixed deposit matures.
#6 – Adjusted Trial Balance
After all of the adjusting entries have been made, a trial balance must be generated before preparing the financial statements to ensure that all of the credits are equal to the debits following the adjustment entries.
#7 – Preparation of Financial Statements
After all of the preceding steps have been completed, the company’s financial statements are prepared to determine the company’s actual financial position, profitability position, and cash flow position. A profit and loss statement is made to know the profitability position, a balance sheet is prepared to understand the financial situation, and a cash flow statement is ready to learn the changes in cash flows from the three company operations (operating, investing, and financing activities).
#8 – Closing Entries
Finally, this phase brings the accounting cycle to a close. These transactions convert temporary account balances to permanent accounts. Temporary accounts are those with balances that finish in a single accounting year, such as sales, purchases, and costs. These balances are transferred to the income statement and then to the permanent account, i.e., the profit/loss account is transferred to the retained earnings account. It should be noted that only temporary accounts, not permanent ones, are closed (accounts that are balance sheet accounts such as fixed assets, debtors, inventory, etc.)
After closing entries are made, the trial balance is created again to ensure that the debit equals the credit. The accounting cycle begins again with the start of another fiscal year.
We hope these above steps will be beneficial for you to write an accounting essay. If you’re looking for accounting assignment help in Australia, you can take help from Assignment Panda, providing the best accounting assignment writing services in Australia. | https://assignmentpanda.com/how-to-write-an-accounting-essay/ |
Before you start this coursework you must have finished the SQL exercises on the Bus/ Depots / Drivers Database. Important note - check that you have not, in preceding modules, created tables with the same names as in this exercise. If any of these table names already exist in your area in Oracle then you should either delete them (using ‘drop table xyz cascade constraints’) or use different names for tables in the coursework database. There might also be problems if constraint primary key and foreign key names are the same so it is advisable to delete all tables created in preceding modules. After creating and loading tables check that all data is present.Employ Oracle SQL*PLUS to answer the following queries. It is recommended which you either use Notepad or similar (not Word) to initially create the queries.
The Children’s Library Database
This situation relates to a database that is to be set for a library that lends books to children:
A Children's Library keeps information on books held, borrowers who borrow these books and the loans of these books, which the borrowers make. In addition information is held regarding the authors and publishers of these books.
The information is to be held in a Relational database and implemented using Oracle. Two files are available on Oasis Plus for you to make the relations and to load the relations with sample data. The tables in the database are shown. The identifier attribute(s) are underlined, foreign keys are asterisked *.
Table AttributesBorrower borId, borName, borAddress, borMaxbooksBookTitle isbn, btName, datePublished, pubId*, ageLower ageUpper, valueBookCopy bcId, isbn*, dateAcquired, dateDestroyedLoan borId*, bcId*, dateOut, dateDue, dateBackPublisher pubId, pubName, pubAddressAuthor authorId, authorNameAuthorship authorId*, isbn*
Note that the BookCopy table contains information on the physical books kept in the library whereas the BookTitle table contains information on a specific publication of a book. For ex, there are two copies of 'Winnie the Pooh', with bcId of 101 and 102 with an ISBN (International Standard Book Number) of 10: 0786843411. The BookTitle table contain information regarding the recommended age range for each book (ageLower and ageUpper). A book might have a number of authors and this is indicated in the Authorship table.
The characteristic borMaxbooks points to the maximum number of books that a borrower can borrow at a time. Also, a book, which is still out on loan, will have a blank dateBack field in the loan table.
As copies of books become old, damaged and dirty the books are deleted from the library and destroyed. Destroyed book copies have a date to indicate this otherwise the date is null.
It is essential which you draw an Entity-Relationship diagram mapped to a relational database, showing the entities and relationships included. Suppose that features with the same name are based on the same domain. Do not hand in this diagram – it is not assessed.
Use join conditions to answer the queries in this problems 1 and 2
Q1. Find out borrowers (by name) who have ever borrowed a book written by the Phillip Pullman.
Q2. Find out borrowers (by name) who have currently on loan a book written by the Phillip Pullman
Q3. Give the ISBN and title of every book and the number of copies currently on the loan listing most popular first.
Q4 Display the names of borrowers who have never borrowed books published by the publisher Mammoth.
Q5. Give the titles of books that have the same value as ‘Northern Lights’. Do not comprise Northern Lights in your output.
Q6 List out all book titles and the total value of the book copies for a particular title that are currently on loan where total value is greater than or equal to £20.
Q7. List out the borrowers (by number and name, once only), who have currently on loan a book that has the same title as a book that Jenny Wren has borrowed. Do not comprise Jenny Wren in the output.
Q8. Provide the name of any borrower who has ever borrowed all the book copies in the library. It is possible that no-one has borrowed all the copies. (Hint: this is an ex of relational algebra divide).
Q9. Run the make View statement and the query below and show the results. Give the English meaning of the query (as in problems 1-7 above):Create view borrowedBooks
As Select l.borId, bc.isbn, bc.bcId From Loan l, bookCopy bc Where l.bcId = bc.bcId;Select b.borNameFrom Borrower bWhere not exists (select * from bookTitle bt, Publisher pwhere bt.pubId=p.pubIdand pubName='Puffin' and not exists (select * from borrowedBooks bb where bb.borId = b.borId and bb.isbn = bt.isbn));
Q10. Run the query below and demonstrate the results. Provide the English meaning of the query (as in problems 1-7 above):
Select distinct b.borNameFrom Borrower b, Loan l, Book_copy bc,Author a1, Author a2,Authorship ash1, Authorship ash2Where b.borId = l.borIdAnd l.bcId = bc.bcIdAnd bc.isbn = ash1.isbnAnd bc.isbn = ash2.isbnAnd ash1.authorId = a1.authorIdAnd ash2.authorId = a2.authorIdAnd a1.authorName = 'Janet Ahlberg' And a2.authorName = 'Allan Ahlberg';
Triggers and stored procedures
Don’t forget to type the command ‘set serveroutput on’ before implementing the code in this section. If you are forced out of the SQL*PLUS don’t forget to retype this command.
Before you start this coursework you must have completed the PL/SQL exercises on the Bus/Drivers/Depots Database.
1. prepare down a PL/SQL block which comprises a procedure getTotalLoans which accepts a ISBN and returns the title and number of copies currently on loan for that book. (See problem 3 of the SQL queries part of the coursework.) The main block must call the procedure with an ISBN of 4 and output the book title and number of copies.
2. prepare down a PL/SQL block, which displays for all book titles held in the library (not those destroyed). You should include the ISBN, the book title, publisher name and the number of copies of each held (whether on loan or not). Use a cursor to do this problem.
3. prepare down a stored function called getPublisher. This function takes up as input an ISBN for a book and returns the publisher name.Call the function from within an SQL statement to display the publisher for book title ‘The Twits’
4. Make a trigger ‘checkRecommendedAge’ to enforce the (harsh) constraint that children are only permitted to borrow books deemed suitable for their age. The trigger fires whenever there is a new loan and outputs an error message whenever an attempt is made to borrow a book where the borrower’s real age is not in the lower to upper age range for the book. Ignore the fact that some of the data already in the database may violate the constraint.
Show what happens when you try to insert following records into the Loan table using the following statements:
Insert into Loan values (001,144,'29-aug-2008','18-sep-2008','');Insert into Loan values (001,101,'29-aug-2008','18-sep-2008',''); Insert into Loan values (001,120,'29-aug-2008','18-sep-2008','');For testing purposes the following commands (which set the database back to its original state) might be useful: delete from Loan where borId=001 and bcId=144 and dateOut='29-aug-2008';delete from Loan where borId=001 and bcId=101 and dateOut='29-aug-2008';delete from Loan where borId=001 and bcId=120 and dateOut='29-aug-2008';Note well: read following page before handing in your coursework
- For SQL coding, indication of the problem a particular solution refers to, written as a comment e.g. /* problem 1 List the borrowers……*/
- For PLSQL coding the problem number is required only
- The SQL and PLSQL code in its entirety, formatted with indentations so it is easy to read (see code in text book). Please use a reasonable size of font.
- SQL*Plus Screen print to verify that you have executed the code
- The resulting table created from the SQL execution or results from your PLSQL execution. You should copy and paste the results from SQL*Plus. If the output is very long, hand in the first page only. Note that the correct solutions generate small tables. Do not print/hand in
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Peaceful Protests are scheduled in Orange County California on Saturday August 1 2020.
There has been Peaceful Protests in many Orange County Cities in the Summer of 2020.
Social Media is promoting Protests in Orange County as Peaceful Protests.
Southern California Marches near to Orange County are listed.
If you are not participating in the Protests, you may want to avoid the Protest Areas.
Protesters Locations*
These Protests are being promoted on Social Media.
Some Protests are organic and are not necessarily led by a collective group.
Dates and Times Subject to Change.
Saturday August 1 2020 at 3:00pm-7:00pm in Laguna Niguel
Crown Valley Parkway and Cabot Street by Costco Gas Station
Bring Water/Snacks/Masks/Sunscreen/Signs/Megaphones
Saturday August 1 2020 at 3:30pm in San Diego
La Mesa Police Department is located at 8085 University Avenue
Masks and Social Distancing
WARNING: PLANNED CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE/ADULTS ONLY
The City of La Mesa has issued a Temporary Area Restriction (TAR) prohibiting certain items around the La Mesa Civic Center area.
The order prohibits the following items around the La Mesa Civic Center: firearms; knives; pepper spray; axes; explosives; slingshots; bricks; rocks; baseball bats; shields; fireworks; Tasers; paintball guns; glass bottles; any other item generally considered an “implement of riot.”
WARNING: COUNTER PROTESTORS MAY BE ASSEMBLING AT THIS PROTEST (Per SOCIAL MEDIA POSTINGS)
Sunday August 2 2020 at 3:00pm-6:00pm in Lake Forest
Lake Forest Sports Park located at 28000 Rancho Parkway
Stand With Portland
Bring Water/Snacks/Masks/Sunscreen/Signs
*=Protest Locations Posted by instagram.com/ocprotests and OC Supports Black Lives Matter Facebook Page. Please check with these sites for the latest information
Protest Focus
Peaceful Protest to bring awareness and promote action to fight the injustices and police brutality inflicted upon Black Communities, most recently seen with Ahmaud Arbery and George Floyd.*
(It is unclear who has scheduled these protests. Information has been on Social Media without a source contact.)
Protestors Should Practice Best Health Practices
Physical Distancing of at Least 6 Feet
California Department of Public Health Mandates Face Coverings in Public Spaces when physical distancing of 6 Feet cannot be maintained.
Wash Hands Frequently
Protestors Should Be Prepared
Walk on Sidewalks and Stay off the Streets
Carpooling is Recommended
Demonstrators are encouraged to bring signs (no picket signs)/water/snacks/wear black or tie dye
Orange County Sheriff Don Barnes Supports Peaceful Protests via Twitter on (May 30 2020)
Sheriff Barnes stated, “1st Amendment Rights must always be protected. Orange County Law Enforcement is committed to protecting free speech activities and preventing actions that jeopardize the safety of life and property. Violence, destruction and criminal acts cannot stand. Thank You to those who are civilly making their voice heard in Orange County. I encourage future demonstrators to be civil and peaceful.”
ACLU Rights and Responsibilities of Protestors is Online
If you take part in a protest You may:
Distribute leaflets, flyers or other literature on your own property or on public sidewalks, parks and plazas
Picket or protest on public sidewalks, parks and plazas so long as sidewalks and building entrances are no blocked
Chant or sing protest songs on public sidewalks, parks and plazas
If you Take Part in A Protest You may not
Block access to sidewalks or buildings
March in the streets without a permit
Disrupt counter-protests
Engage in speech that is obscene, makes knowingly false statements of fact, or that is likely to incite an immediate disruptive or dangerous disturbance
*Note: By choosing to attend this event, you are acknowledging the risks involved, and you are committing to participate nonviolently and in accordance with the law, and to work to de-escalate confrontations with opposing persons or others. You agree (i) not to engage in any act of violence or violation of any applicable law and (ii) to obey the orders of authorized event marshals and law enforcement authorities.
Black Lives Matters Resources
Black Lives Matter Resources Are Online
Disclaimer: Recent protests in the United States have started peacefully and later resulted in property destruction and violence.
Times and Dates are subject to change.
Please contact the event organizer for the most up to date information. | https://southocbeaches.com/2020/08/01/southern-california-peaceful-protests-saturday-august-1-2020/ |
The research group “RECEPTION” (“Reception Studies”), which is led by Prof. Dr. Paloma Ortiz-de-Urbina, Associate Professor at the University of Alcalá, gathers researchers from various disciplines and countries who share an interest in the field of Reception Studies.
Through the breadth and depth of the group’s research activity, RECEPTION aims to answer the following questions: By which means do foreign cultural artifacts enter new cultural realms? How are such cultural artifacts received and interpreted? What are the repercussions of such foreign cultural currents in the receiving cultures? Which factors, individual or institutional, have an impact on the process of reception of foreign cultural artifacts? Which obstacles must be overcome in such process (historical, social, political, cultural)?
By way of combining classical reception studies with the concept of “Cultural Transfer” and the most recent research on Intercultural Studies, RECEPTION aims to examine how the encounters of different cultural realms leave their mark on specific cultures.
RECEPTION conducts research in cultural contact from a multidisciplinary perspective, since its members are specialists in different cultural fields, such as literary studies, musicology, music studies, philosophy and history.
Our main lines of research are:
- Cultural, literary and musical reception
- Literary and musical influences
- Mythcriticism and reception of myths
- Reception and censorship
- Reception through translation
- Theory of reception
- Analysis of impact
- Cultural transfer
- Stereotypes and imagology
- Cultural mediation | https://reception.group/ |
To calculate 96 Grams to the corresponding value in Ounces, multiply the quantity in Grams by 0.03527396194958 (conversion factor). In this case we should multiply 96 Grams by 0.03527396194958 to get the equivalent result in Ounces:
96 Grams x 0.03527396194958 = 3.3863003471597 Ounces
96 Grams is equivalent to 3.3863003471597 Ounces.
How to convert from Grams to Ounces
The conversion factor from Grams to Ounces is 0.03527396194958. To find out how many Grams in Ounces, multiply by the conversion factor or use the Mass converter above. Ninety-six Grams is equivalent to three point three eight six Ounces.
Definition of Gram
The gram (alternative spelling: gramme; SI unit symbol: g) is a metric system unit of mass. A gram is defined as one one-thousandth of the SI base unit, the kilogram, or 1×10−3 kg, which itself is now defined, not in terms of grams, but as being equal to the mass of a physical prototype of a specific alloy kept locked up and preserved by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.
Definition of Ounce
The ounce (abbreviation: oz) is a unit of mass with several definitions, the most popularly used being equal to approximately 28 grams. The size of an ounce varies between systems. Today, the most commonly used ounces are the international avoirdupois ounce (equal to 28.3495231 grams) and the international troy ounce (equal to 31.1034768 grams).
Using the Grams to Ounces converter you can get answers to questions like the following:
- How many Ounces are in 96 Grams?
- 96 Grams is equal to how many Ounces?
- How to convert 96 Grams to Ounces?
- How many is 96 Grams in Ounces?
- What is 96 Grams in Ounces?
- How much is 96 Grams in Ounces?
- How many oz are in 96 g?
- 96 g is equal to how many oz?
- How to convert 96 g to oz?
- How many is 96 g in oz?
- What is 96 g in oz?
- How much is 96 g in oz? | https://whatisconvert.com/96-grams-in-ounces |
Obesity can seriously compromise a persons physical and mental health. It is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health and is a known risk factor for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancersall of which are leading causes of preventable, premature death.
Rates of obesity have tripled since 1975, over 41% of adults and almost 20% of children in the U.S. are classed as obese. People are considered obese if they have an excess of body fat and a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 30.
BMI is a simple but rather controversial measurement, defined as a persons weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters (kg/m2).
Recently, researchers at Baylor College of Medicine suggested that obesity risk in humans may be determined by environmental and genetic factors during early development and argue that obesity should be considered a neurodevelopmental disease.
Study lead Dr. Robert A. Waterland, professor at Baylor College of Medicine, told Medical News Today:
genetic variation certainly contributes to individual differences in body weight, early environmental influences on the development of body weight regulatory mechanisms (developmental programming) may, in general, play a bigger role in determining individual propensity to obesity.
The work published in the journal Science Advances uses epigenetics to show that obesity is linked to nutrition during certain phases of development.
A number of things such as poor diet, lack of physical exercise, and a lack of good sleep, are known to increase the risk of obesity.
The type and amount of food eaten are also directly linked to obesity risk, consuming an excess of calories and burning very few will create a calorie surplus leading to weight gain. That said, the public health message to eat less and exercise more hasnt stemmed the tide of obesity.
Once seen as a result of a lack of will and self-restraint, the biological nature of obesity has been shown to be much more complex. Indeed, prenatal and early life studies have linked undernutrition to obesity in rats.
The effect of nutrition during early development in human studies has shown famine during the first trimester of pregnancy resulted in higher obesity rates, but famine during the last trimester and the first months of life was linked with lower levels of obesity.
It is widely accepted that body weight is also influenced by genetics. The CDC reports over 50 different genes that have been associated with obesity. Genes determine the signals that are transmitted by hormones to the brain, where they direct the body to eat or move.
Large-scale human genome studies have found changes in genes linked to BMI are expressed in the developing brain.
Epigenetics studies the way genes work, allowing scientists to study how behavior and environment can alter how genes work. Epigenetic changes dont change the sequence of the DNA, they change how the body reads the DNA sequence.
For this study, mice ages 2 to 4 months were monitored through pregnancy and their pups were studied through post-natal development.
Whole genome analysis and RNA sequencing were completed on neuron and glia cells and studied for epigenetic markers and gene expression. Specifically, the researchers used tissue from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus of the brain, the area that controls hunger and satiety.
The researchers noted the post-natal period in mice is critical for epigenetic changes linked to obesity and energy balance regulation, suggesting obesity could be a consequence of dysregulated epigenetic maturation, according to Dr. Harry MacKay, the studys first author.
Interestingly, when comparing the epigenetic data with data from human genome studies the investigators found a strong correlation between regions of the human genome linked to BMI and the areas of epigenetic changes in mice, leading to the suggestion that adult obesity may be determined in part by epigenetic development in the arcuate nucleus.
The authors propose this new understanding may create effective interventions to prevent obesity this work provides the argument that prenatal and early postnatal development can at least in part determine human obesity risk.
[E]vidence from the last several decades indicates that once an individual is obese, it is extremely difficult to achieve a normal body weight. And, when obese adults do succeed in losing substantial weight, it is extremely difficult to maintain the weight loss in the long term. It is our hope that an improved understanding of the developmental neuroepigenetic mechanisms underlying the establishment of body weight regulation will enable effective approaches to prevent obesity. Dr. Robert A. Waterland
When asked if the work could lead to new nutritional recommendations for pregnancy, Dr. Waterland commented that the current research, which was conducted in mice, does not provide a basis for making nutritional recommendations for humans. Although we dont yet have the data, it is a reasonable guess that the postnatal epigenetic maturation we cataloged in this mouse study occurs during late fetal development in humans.
such data would bolster existing recommendations that women try to achieve a healthy body weight prior to becoming pregnant, as maternal obesity during pregnancy not only raises the risk of pregnancy complications like preterm birth and gestational diabetes but also appears to promote lifelong positive energy balance in her developing child, he added.
The study is not without limitations.
The nature of the ever-changing cell population during early development makes interpreting the data complicated, it is possible that changes in the cell population between the time points may affect the results.
The authors plan to overcome this in future studies by using more time points and using computational modeling.
The next step for the research is to extend it into human studies.
an obvious next step is to determine when this BMI-associated epigenetic maturation occurs in humans. Because many neurodevelopmental processes occur earlier in humans than in mice, it is likely that this hypothalamic epigenetic maturation occurs during late fetal development in humans, said Dr. Waterland.
[A]n obvious next step would be to try to determine if maternal obesity during pregnancy somehow impairs these developmental changes, resulting in persistently impaired regulation of energy balance in her child. Dr. Robert A. Waterland
See the rest here: | https://www.dgw.tv/diets-that-work/does-obesity-have-more-to-do-with-the-brain-than-we-initially-thought-medical-news-today.php |
Established in 1967, Northampton and District Mind works to promote and support good mental health within the areas of Northampton, Daventry, Brackley, Towcester and surrounding areas.
Founded 1967
-
Mission statement
Global Objective:“To promote mental health; prevent ill-health; help those in distress; work to empower people in their own lives and their participation in the
community at large as valued citizens. ”
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Aims
Northampton And District Mind aims to:
- Recovery: To deliver high quality and appropriate services for people who experience mental ill health, promoting recovery, independence and integration at all times.
- Inclusion: To facilitate and support community integration and participation for people with mental health problems
- Awareness: To raise awareness of mental health; to challenge stigma associated with mental illness; and to promote and support positive mental health. | https://secure.thebiggive.org.uk/charity/view/9933/northampton-and-district-mind |
FIRST OFF — lawyers, those interested in law/legal theory (and those that are thinking of being so) please note: being trans may or may not have an impact on issues faced by trans people. I’ll be looking at when being trans may have an impact on legal scenarios.
Opening
This is the first of a four-part ‘series’ that shall focus on child family cases that involve people who identify as trans.
This first post looks at the delicate scenario of a party submitting that a child’s trans identity should be an issue for the court to consider within family proceedings.
Introduction
As a matter of legal principle and good practice (and to avoid frustration from the Bench), a child being trans should not come in to a case’s dialogue unless:
- it is materially relevant to an issue in question; or
- it can be legally justified as a materially relevant issue in and of itself, i.e. the child’s trans identity is a contested ‘fact’.
(Hereafter, the ‘Issue’.)
I would suggest that these two Issues are inherently interlinked, but that Issue (ii) can only ever be justified within the context of Issue (i). It would and will always be deeply problematic and symptomatic of the historic ‘gender policing’ (to which the trans population, both in the UK and across Europe, have been subject to) should the court be used to decide on whether someone, in this case a child, is ‘actually transgender’ or not. This is not the courts (nor anyone’s) – save for the individual themselves – right.
It seems in considering these Issues within the context of child law, that unless it is submitted that a child being trans is as ‘a result of harm’, court time cannot be used to consider the child’s gender identity; let us not forget that which is paramount to the family court: the child’s welfare.
In those cases a child’s gender identity is considered, the Issue must be dealt with incredibly delicately. Not doing so would be extremely dangerous as it would have an intrinsic risk of violating the subject child’s Article 8 and Article 14 rights, but it is also exposing a child to a triggering scenario that may subject them to psychological harm.
To mitigate such a risk, any conversation (and hearing) on the Issue can only be had with the following principle at the heart of it: someone’s gender identity, at any age, must be respected. A child identifying as trans, whether it has been submitted this is as a result of harm or not, is identifying as trans and that must be respected throughout proceedings.
More often than not, if a child says they are trans, they will be trans. Asserting the counter argument is often premised on the idea that being trans is ‘not natural’ (i.e. must have been due to environmental reasons) or not desired for any child. This attitude should have no standing in modern day and our courts must make this clear within decisions going forward. The argument that a child being trans is a result of harm must have an incredibly high threshold to satisfy and one that I imagine (and hope) will require robust expert evidence if the Issue is to be permitted to be considered in future cases. This position is borne from the following principle, which all should keep in mind throughout these types of cases also: A child being trans is not evidence of harm in and of itself. The Issue in relation to a young person’s gender identity can only be premised on conduct that may be exposing a child to harm, which as we know is the basis of any Section 31 application or Section 37 investigation.
“My partner is making my child trans”: Initial considerations
Questions practitioners should be asking when approached with such an instruction by a client:
- How should practitioners approach it with the care it requires?
- How should the court look to deal with it if it is submitted?
The title of this subheading is a line that I hear on a regular basis and will no doubt form the basis of family applications going forward. Such assertions must be dealt with the utmost care and practitioners certainly should be ready to explore any such suggestion made by clients to ensure that no court time is wasted, but more importantly, to ensure that the dignity of the child is maintained and human rights respected. Considering this, courts making any determination/finding in relation to a child’s gender identity should be alive to the fact that there could be a claim for unlawful interference if not relevant and necessary. And a question around whether a decision of this nature can ever be justified as relevant and necessary needs to be asked.
Practitioners must not ignore the reality that trans children exist and that the subject child on their case could indeed be trans themselves. Within this context, a legal battle premised on this existence being questioned could trigger a future of distress and harm for that young person. Our family courts cannot be involved in such work if there are no concerns for the child’s welfare.
It would be prudent for us all to be woke to trans existence being subject to a degree of negative political/social dialogue currently (to put it mildly). As a result of this climate, assertions such as the above subtitle may be more frequent. Acknowledging this, we must all instil an even higher level of due diligence around our merit reviews than would perhaps ordinarily be the case when taking such instructions.
Those Rare Cases
Alas, as indicated above, there may be rare cases where a child identifying as trans is thought to be an Issue by the court.
An example is the case of Re J (A Minor) EWHC 2430 (Fam)where the child’s gender identity was a concern that was raised by the father and thereafter investigated as a result. The relevance and necessity in this case therefore was borne from the applicant rather than the court itself. Re J started off as a private application by the father that led to a Section 37 investigation being ordered. The case was eventually transferred to the High Court and in the end a final Care Order was made by Mr Justice Hayden to the effect that the child was placed with the father together with a contact order for the mother (which the local authority could review).
I am not here to comment on the decision of this case. Instead, I refer to it because the decision around residency and contact was ultimately made as a direct result of the court considering whether the child (who is explained in the judgment to have been presenting as a boy whilst in their father’s care and as a girl in their mother’s care) was being ‘forced to be transgender’ by the mother or not. The father sought to allege that the child was suffering harm within the mother’s care as a result of ‘being forced’, and on that basis asserted that the child should live with him. Therefore, the issue of whether the child was trans was deemed to be relevant and material to the outcome of the application because it was decisive of whether the father’s allegations of abuse were valid or not. The concern from the father in this case was ultimately that the child may have been seen to be reacting to a form of emotional harm and identifying as trans as a result, not whether the child was trans or not in itself.
Further case law is needed to clarify the nuance between the scenarios of ‘forcing a child to be trans’ as emotional abuse in itself, and a child identifying as trans can be a sign of other ‘emotional abuse’ happening in the home. Here, the argument seemed to be the former.
Should the Issue be tested before proceedings consider it in full?
Of course, family cases are supposed to be timetabled in acknowledgement of the disruption proceedings can cause to family life (e.g. public cases should be timetabled for their completion within 26 weeks). However, what is fast enough when dealing with a young person’s gender identity? Should we not have a faster mechanism in place that deals with an assertion that essentially questions the existence and nature of a child? Can we do more to clarify whether an alleged Issue holds merit at an earlier stage to mitigate potential emotional harm proceedings could have on a trans child?
Some food for thought as to how to approach the issue include creating a Practice Direction (PD) similar to that of Practice Direction 12J to ensure that cases dealing with a trans children are dealt with in a uniformed and gentle way. This PD could involve an approach similar to what we see in Ancillary Relief cases in which the parties are obliged to file a concise statement of issues 14 days before a first appointment hearing that would deal with the specific Issue. Parties would be expected to summarise their apparent cases around the Issue so the court can take a view as to whether there is enough factual evidence to warrant full proceedings with the child’s gender identity considered as part of that. We must also consider whether there should be the option of calling expert evidence to such appointments.
Whatever the answer (and I’m keen to hear your ideas and thoughts), it is vital that a child’s dignity is maintained throughout and that they are protected from the family court becoming a court of gender policing.
NEXT – Part 2: When is a parent being trans an issue?
When I use the term transgender/trans this also includes those that identify as non-binary, gender fluid, agender, gender queer etc… (non-exhaustive)); I write ‘trans’ with a fully inclusive intent.
I have phrased it this way considering the blog’s title and purpose.
See UNCRC Preamble: “Considering that the child should be fully prepared to live an individual life in society, and brought up in the spirit of the ideals proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, and in particular in the spirit of peace, dignity, tolerance, freedom, equality and solidarity” as well as Article 8(1) “States Parties undertake to respect the right of the child to preserve his or her identity, including nationality, name and family relations as recognized by law without unlawful interference.” (Non-exhaustive list of child rights that could be deemed relevant here.)
Something that we shall explore in the blog looking at expert evidence.
https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/family/practice_directions/pd_part_12a#para.
Family Procedure Rules, Rule 2.61B(7).
A separate blog post will address the issue of expert evidence. | https://transgender.law.blog/2019/03/25/when-should-a-childs-trans-identity-be-permitted-to-be-a-material-issue-in-a-family-case/ |
Filed 7/8/16 P. v. Nasleh CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for
publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E063132
v. (Super.Ct.No. FWV1402953)
MOHAMMED SAMII EL NASLEH, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. Mary E. Fuller,
Judge. Affirmed.
Jason L. Jones, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Eric A. Swenson, Lynne G.
McGinnis, Felicity Senoski and Kathryn A. Kirschbaum, Deputy Attorneys General, for
Plaintiff and Respondent.
1
A jury found defendant and appellant Mohammed Samii El Nasleh guilty of
assault by means of force likely to produce great bodily injury. (Pen. Code, § 245,
subd. (a)(4).)1, 2 The trial court granted defendant three years of supervised probation
with the condition that he serve 365 days in the county jail. Defendant raises two issues
on appeal. First, defendant contends his right of due process was violated by the
combination of an ambiguous jury instruction and an erroneous argument by the
prosecutor. Second, defendant asserts the prosecutor committed misconduct, but to the
extent that issue has been forfeited, defendant contends his trial counsel rendered
ineffective assistance. We affirm the judgment.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
A. PROSECUTION’S CASE
On July 27, 2014, the victim met her friends at a restaurant at approximately
11:00 a.m. One of the victim’s friends was dating one of Thomas Rojas’s friends. The
victim met Rojas for the first time at the restaurant. As the day progressed, the victim,
Rojas, and the group of friends went to a pool party. The party extended into the night.
The victim and Rojas were drinking alcohol. The victim had her brother drive her car
away from the party, to another location, so the victim would not drive while
intoxicated.
1 All subsequent statutory references will be to the Penal Code unless otherwise
indicated.
2 The jury found defendant not guilty of (1) assault with intent to rape (§ 220,
subd. (a)), and (2) robbery (§ 211).
2
The victim and Rojas wanted to continue spending time together. Rojas
telephoned his roommate, defendant, to pick them up. Defendant drove Rojas and the
victim to defendant’s and Rojas’s apartment in Ontario. Rojas and the victim continued
drinking alcohol at the apartment. When they finished the alcohol in the apartment,
defendant, who was more sober than Rojas and the victim, offered to drive to the store.
The victim and defendant went to a liquor store. The victim sat in the passenger
seat while defendant drove. Defendant entered the store and purchased a small bottle of
liquor, while the victim remained in the car. Defendant returned to the car and asked
the victim for money to repay him for the purchase. The victim had not agreed to pay
for the alcohol, so she refused to give defendant money.
Defendant drove to a bank. Defendant asked the victim for the PIN for her bank
card. The victim refused to give defendant her PIN. Defendant became aggressive,
calling the victim a “bitch.” The victim picked up her telephone to call for help, but the
telephone battery did not have power. Defendant went through the victim’s purse and
took $80 in cash. Defendant continued yelling at the victim.
Defendant drove to a parking lot where other people were not around. Defendant
struck the victim. Defendant parked the car. Defendant climbed on top of the victim.
Defendant sucked on the victim’s neck, touched her breast, and tried to pull her dress
up. The victim struggled to push defendant off of her, breaking a fingernail in the
struggle. Defendant struck the victim’s face, and the victim temporarily lost
consciousness. Defendant placed his hand on the victim’s neck, which caused the
3
victim to have difficulty breathing. The victim believed defendant was attempting to
engage in intercourse.
Eventually, defendant ceased the attack and drove back to the apartment. The
victim ran into the apartment, cried, told Rojas about the attack, and asked for help.
Rojas called a taxi for the victim. The victim left in the taxi.
The next morning, the victim told her sister-in-law about the attack. The
victim’s sister-in-law drove the victim to a police station so the victim could report the
crime. While at the police station, photographs were taken of the victim’s face, neck,
chest, arms, hands, and thighs. The photographs reflected the victim had a broken
fingernail; a bruise on her hand; a bruise around her right eye, where she was punched;
a bruise near her hairline; bruises on her left arm; a bruise above her breast; scratches
near her shoulder; and scratches toward the inside of her thigh. The victim said the
bruises, scratches, and broken fingernail were caused by defendant attacking her in the
car.
B. DEFENDANT’S CASE
Defendant testified at trial. The following is defendant’s version of the events.
Defendant picked up the victim and Rojas from the pool party. The victim was
intoxicated. On the drive to the apartment, the victim was “[s]loppy”; she rubbed
defendant’s shoulders, kissed his ears and neck, tried to grab the steering wheel, was
play fighting with Rojas, and was “rolling” around in the backseat.
Defendant parked his car at the apartment complex. While in the parked car,
Rojas lifted the victim’s dress to show defendant that the victim was not wearing
4
underwear. Defendant, the victim, and Rojas, went to the apartment. The victim and
Rojas continued play fighting in the apartment. Rojas slammed the victim down three
times, once on the ground and twice on the couch.
Rojas asked defendant to get alcohol for Rojas and the victim. Rojas told the
victim to go with defendant because the victim said she would purchase the alcohol.
The victim gave her bank card to defendant and told him her PIN. Defendant drove the
victim to the bank. The victim was asleep in the car. Defendant used the victim’s card
at the ATM, but the PIN was incorrect. Defendant woke the victim. The victim told
defendant to pay for the alcohol, and she would pay him back.
Defendant drove to a gas station. Defendant purchased “the cheapest vodka” and
a sports drink. Defendant paid cash for the beverages and left the store. Defendant
drove back to the bank. Defendant asked for the victim’s ATM card so she could repay
him for the alcohol. The victim said, “‘I don’t want to buy the alcohol.’” Defendant
said, “‘Please, can you pay me the money back? You said you would pay it back.’”
The victim “didn’t even care.” Defendant was angry and lost his temper; he called the
victim a “spoiled little brat” and a “bitch.”
Defendant drove the victim back to the apartment because defendant wanted
Rojas to “deal with [the victim].” Defendant entered the apartment before the victim.
Defendant threw the alcohol on the floor and ordered Rojas to “get her out of the
apartment.” Defendant went to his bedroom to watch television. Defendant did not
strike or touch the victim.
5
C. JURY INSTRUCTION
The trial court instructed the jury with CALCRIM No. 226. The instruction
provided, “You alone must judge the credibility or believability of the witnesses. In
deciding whether testimony is true and accurate, use your common sense and
experience. You must judge the testimony of each witness by the same standards,
setting aside any bias or prejudice you may have. You may believe all, part, or none of
any witness’s testimony. Consider the testimony of each witness and decide how much
of it you believe.
“In evaluating a witness’s testimony, you may consider anything that reasonably
tends to prove or disprove the truth or accuracy of that testimony. Among the factors
that you may consider are:
“How well could the witness see, hear, or otherwise perceive the things about
which the witness testified?
“How well was the witness able to remember and describe what happened?
“What was the witness’s behavior while testifying?
“Did the witness understand the questions and answer them directly?
“Was the witness’s testimony influenced by a factor such as bias or prejudice, a
personal relationship with someone involved in the case, or a personal interest in how
the case is decided?” (Italics added.) The instruction continued with additional factors
for the jury to consider.
6
D. PROSECUTOR’S ARGUMENT
During closing argument, the prosecutor made the following statements:
“Witness credibility. That’s going to be the most important jury instruction for you.
You have three witnesses—four witnesses. Three of which were actually present during
portions of July 27th/28th. You alone must judge the credibility of these witnesses.
“CALCRIM 226. It’s going to give you a list of criteria you can use. Who did
we have? We had [the victim], who had just met both of these men, right? She didn’t
know [Rojas]. She knew his friends. She had never met the defendant. Even [Rojas]
had to agree she had no reason, no motive to lie on either one of them. She gets nothing
out of it by him going to trial. Nothing. She’s just telling you exactly what happened to
her that day.
“Corporal Ritchey, the officer in this case, he’s the one who did the interviews.
He testified and told you exactly what he saw, exactly what they did and exactly what
they told him. He asked the questions.
“Thomas Rojas is a friend of the defendant. You can use that for possible bias.
His testimony was 12 years of friendship. They were roommates, living together. He
was there. He didn’t even call police when he sees this hysterical girl crying. Doesn’t
ask, should I call police? He hears she’s been robbed, punched by his best friend. They
send her on her way with a taxi. He doesn’t want to get involved that way.
“Then you have the defendant. Well, the defendant has a stake in the matter.
He’s one of the dogs in the fight.” The prosecutor argued, “[The victim] is certain in
regards to the sequence of events and the defendant’s statement just does not—makes
7
absolutely no sense.” The prosecutor made further arguments, and again said in
reference to defendant’s version of events, “It made no sense” and “It makes no sense.”
DISCUSSION
A. DUE PROCESS
1. CONTENTION
Defendant contends his right of due process was violated by the combination of
CALCRIM No. 226 and the prosecutor’s closing argument. Defendant asserts the
instruction and argument permitted the jury to question defendant’s credibility solely
because he had been charged with a crime, which violates the presumption of
innocence.3
2. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Because defendant contends his right of due process was violated, we apply the
de novo standard of review. (In re J.H. (2007) 158 Cal.App.4th 174, 183.)
3. THE INSTRUCTION ACCURATELY REFLECTS THE LAW
Evidence Code section 780 sets forth factors for a trier of fact to consider when
determining the credibility of a witness. One of the factors is, “The existence or
nonexistence of a bias, interest, or other motive.” (Evid. Code, § 780, subd. (f).) In
People v. Rincon-Pineda (1975) 14 Cal.3d 864, 883 through 884, our Supreme Court
3 The People contend defendant forfeited this issue for appeal by not objecting
in the trial court. Because defendant has asserted his right of due process was violated,
we address the merits of the issue. (People v. Smithey (1999) 20 Cal.4th 936, 976, fn. 7;
§ 1259 [appellate court can review any ruling or instructional error without an objection
having been raised if a substantial right of defendant has been affected].)
8
held a trial court must sua sponte, in every criminal case, instruct on the credibility of
witnesses but could omit sections of the jury instruction that were not relevant to the
particular case.
The witness credibility instruction at the time of Rincon-Pineda was CALJIC No.
2.20, which reflected the language of Evidence Code section 780, i.e., “The existence or
nonexistence of a bias, interest, or other motive.” (People v. Rincon-Pineda, supra, 14
Cal.3d at p. 883, fn. 7.) The Supreme Court held that particular language “should be
given in any case in which the victim of the alleged offense has testified for the
prosecution, regardless of whether specific evidence of any motive or disposition to
misstate facts on the part of the complaining witness has been adduced by the
defendant.” (Id. at p. 883.)
In People v. Diaz (2015) 60 Cal.4th 1176, 1188 through 1189, our Supreme
Court considered whether the trial court was still obliged to instruct the jury “to
consider a defendant’s extrajudicial statements with caution” when (1) the statute
relevant to that instruction had been repealed, and (2) courts are required to instruct on
witness credibility sua sponte in every criminal case.
In Diaz, the Supreme Court wrote, “Consistent with the instructions required by
Rincon-Pineda, current instructions advise the jury to consider, among other things,
how well a witness could ‘see, hear, or otherwise perceive the things about which the
witness testified,’ how well the witness was ‘able to remember and describe what
happened,’ and whether the witness’s testimony was influenced by ‘bias or prejudice, a
personal relationship with someone involved in the case, or a personal interest in how
9
the case is decided.’ (CALCRIM No. 226.) These general instructions, like the
cautionary instruction, ‘aid the jury in determining whether [the defendant’s
extrajudicial statement] was in fact made.’ [Citation.] . . . Because courts must now
instruct the jury on these general factors in every case, we conclude that the cautionary
instruction on defendant’s statements is no longer so necessary to the jury’s
understanding of the case as to require the court to give it sua sponte.” (People v. Diaz,
supra, 60 Cal.4th at p. 1191.)
Given our Supreme Court’s review of CALCRIM No. 226, there is strong
support for the conclusion that the jury instruction is an accurate statement of the law
set forth in Evidence Code section 780, subdivision (f). The statute allows a trier of fact
to consider “[t]he existence or nonexistence of a bias, interest, or other motive,” (Evid.
Code, § 780, subd (f)) and the instruction permits the jury to consider if the witness had
“a personal interest in how the case is decided.” (CALCRIM No. 226.)
“A personal interest in how the case is decided” can create a “motive.” The
Supreme Court has defined “motive” as “the reason a person chooses to commit a
crime.” (People v. Hillhouse (2002) 27 Cal.4th 469, 504.) The instruction for the jury
to consider a witness’s personal interest in the case, is informing the jury it can consider
whether the witness had a reason, i.e., motive, to be more or less truthful. Thus, the jury
instruction accurately reflects the law set forth in Evidence Code section 780,
subdivision (f).
10
4. PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE
Defendant contends the instruction combined with the prosecutor’s argument
permitted the jury to question defendant’s credibility solely because he had been
charged with a crime, which violates the presumption of innocence.
As set forth ante, the instruction provided, in relevant part, “In evaluating a
witness’s testimony, you may consider anything that reasonably tends to prove or
disprove the truth or accuracy of that testimony. Among the factors that you may
consider are . . . .” Contrary to defendant’s position, the instruction did not single out
defendant, it discusses witnesses in general. Additionally, the instruction did not
require the jury to consider the factor of personal interest. The instruction uses the
permissive word “may,” so the jury was free to reject that factor.
Our Supreme Court has explained, “‘CALJIC No. 2.21 does nothing more than
explain to a jury one of the tests they may use in resolving a credibility dispute.’
[Citation.] ‘The weaknesses in [the defendant’s] testimony should not be ignored or
given preferential treatment not granted to the testimony of any other witness. As it has
been aptly noted in other contexts, a defendant who elects to testify in his own behalf is
not entitled to a false aura of veracity.’” (People v. Beardslee (1991) 53 Cal.3d 68, 95.)
In sum, “the instruction is neutrally phrased and does not focus attention on a particular
witness.” (People v. Turner (1990) 50 Cal.3d 668, 699 [discussing CALJIC 2.21].)
This same analysis applies to CALCRIM No. 226. CALCRIM No. 226 is
neutrally phrased, in that it (1) discusses witnesses in general and does not single out
11
defendant; and (2) uses permissive wording, which allows the jury to reject the factors.
The instruction does not treat defendant differently than any other witness.
5. PROSECUTOR’S ARGUMENT
We now examine whether the prosecutor’s argument shifted the meaning of the
jury instruction in such a way as to deny defendant his right of due process. At the
outset, we note the trial court instructed the jury, “You must follow the law as I explain
it to you, even if you disagree with it. If you believe that the attorneys’ comments on
the law conflict with my instructions, you must follow my instructions.” (CALCRIM
No. 200.) We presume the jury followed this instruction, and therefore, the prosecutor’s
comments would not have caused a violation of defendant’s right of due process
because the jury would have applied the law as properly set forth in CALCRIM No.
226. Nevertheless, for the sake of thoroughness, we will address the merits of
defendant’s contention concerning the prosecutor’s argument.
The prosecutor argued that the victim “had no reason, no motive to lie on either
one of them. She gets nothing out of it by him going to trial. Nothing.” The prosecutor
also argued, “Then you have the defendant. Well, the defendant has a stake in the
matter. He’s one of the dogs in the fight.” Defendant contends this argument “urged
the jury to assume that [defendant] lacked credibility because he had been charged.”
As explained ante, the instruction is neutrally worded and does not single out a
particular witness. The prosecutor’s argument also did not single out a particular
witness. The prosecutor explained (1) why the victim did not have a personal interest in
the case; (2) why Corporal Ritchey did not have a personal interest in the case; (3) why
12
Rojas may have had a personal interest in the case; and (4) why defendant had a
personal interest in the case. The prosecutor did not single out defendant, but tried to
explain why the testimony favorable to the prosecution was credible, and why the
testimony unfavorable to the prosecution should be discredited. The prosecutor asserted
the jury should discredit defendant’s testimony because defendant had a motive to lie
and that defendant was lying, which was why defendant’s version of the events “makes
absolutely no sense.”
Defendant’s trial counsel used the same instruction (CALCRIM No. 226) to
argue the victim’s testimony was not credible. Defendant’s trial counsel argued,
“Witness credibility 226. Okay. [¶] It gives that list of things you’re supposed to
consider. You should consider it. You should consider it with all the witnesses.”
Defendant’s trial counsel then focused on the victim. He explained (1) the victim was
intoxicated and could not accurately recall the events; (2) the victim was combative and
hostile during cross-examination; (3) that a “real” victim would have a personal interest
in the outcome of the criminal case; and (4) the victim had made inconsistent
statements, especially in regard to the timing of the events.
The point of summarizing the arguments is that the instruction is useful to both
the prosecution and the defense. It is a neutrally worded instruction. The prosecutor
did not focus the instruction on defendant; rather, the prosecutor applied the instruction
to all the witnesses. Defense counsel also urged the jury to apply the instruction to all
the witnesses. Thus, the arguments did not alter the meaning of the instruction such that
the jury could have understood the instruction as only applying to defendant or as
13
applying in a peculiar way to defendant. Accordingly, we conclude defendant’s right of
due process was not violated.
Moreover, to the extent the jury chose to apply the instruction to defendant’s
testimony, we again note, “‘The weaknesses in [the defendant’s] testimony should not
be ignored or given preferential treatment not granted to the testimony of any other
witness. As it has been aptly noted in other contexts, a defendant who elects to testify
in his own behalf is not entitled to a false aura of veracity.” (People v. Beardslee,
supra, 53 Cal.3d at p. 95.)
B. PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT
1. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
During closing arguments, the prosecutor made the following statements:
First: “Your most important tool as jurors is common sense and logic. Your
common sense tells you that on July 28th, the defendant got so mad at this girl because
he didn’t get his way; that he took her to the ATM, that he tried to rob her, and when
she wouldn’t give him a simple thing like her PIN number, wouldn’t give him what he
was asking for, he called her a cunt, a bitch and he starts to hit her as he drives away.”
Second: “And he gets up here and tells you he just randomly takes her to the
ATM for $11. Something that took six minutes and to tr[y] to convince her to pay him
back. No. That’s not reasonable. The only reasonable person that came in here was
[the victim].”
Third: “The reasonable doubt standard: It’s a reasonable one, a fair one. It’s
just. It’s the People’s burden. That burden has been met in this courtroom beyond a
14
reasonable doubt. That’s the standard. You have to have an abiding conviction that the
charge is true. You have to think to yourself, he did it. You know that he did.
“It’s not beyond a shadow of a doubt or a hundred percent certainty, or
possibility how the defense was going on and on about doing years, things like that.
No. You just decide what is reasonable and whether or not you know that he did it.
And you know he did.”
Fourth: “She told you that that night she had been drinking, but she knew what
was going on. A lot of it had to do with the fact she was trying to push this out of her
memory. That’s reasonable. And that’s the standard.”
Fifth: “Now, one of you will become the foreperson in this case. As foreperson,
the burden of proof is very important. You might have someone who says, what if this
happened or is it possible this could have happened? You have to remind them this is
not a case about what-ifs. It’s what we saw and heard in this courtroom. You have a
certain amount of facts. You have the testimony. Then that’s it. There’s no imaginary
things. It’s just about what’s reasonable and what’s not reasonable. You make a
decision as jurors.”
2. ANALYSIS
a. Contention
Defendant contends the prosecutor committed misconduct by (1) reducing the
reasonable doubt standard of proof to a determination of whether the victim’s version of
events was more reasonable than defendant’s version of the events; and (2) elevating the
15
jury foreperson’s role and opinion above those of the other jurors, so as to infringe on
defendant’s right to each juror’s individual judgment.
b. Forfeiture
The People contend defendant forfeited the issue of prosecutorial misconduct by
failing to raise it in the trial court. “[A] claim of prosecutorial misconduct is not
preserved for appeal if defendant fails to object and seek an admonition if an objection
and jury admonition would have cured the injury.” (People v. Crew (2003) 31 Cal.4th
822, 839.)
Defendant did not object to the prosecutor’s statements about the reasonable
doubt standard or the jury foreperson’s role. If defendant had objected, the trial court
could have considered defendant’s position and chosen to admonish the jury, if
necessary. Assuming defendant is correct, and the prosecutor erred, an admonition
could have fixed the error because (1) the trial court could have reminded the jury and
the prosecutor of the definition of “reasonable doubt”; and (2) the trial court could have
explained the role of a jury foreperson. Therefore, both errors were curable by
admonition, if an objection had been raised. Thus, we conclude defendant forfeited the
prosecutorial misconduct issue for appeal.
c. Ineffective Assistance
i. Contention
Defendant asserts that if the prosecutorial misconduct issue was forfeited, then
his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to object.
16
ii. Law
“To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show that (1)
counsel’s representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness under
prevailing professional norms, and (2) counsel’s deficient performance was prejudicial,
i.e., there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s failings, the result would
have been more favorable to the defendant.” (People v. Scott (1997) 15 Cal.4th 1188,
1211.)
iii. Professional Norms
(a) Law
“‘In determining whether counsel’s performance was deficient, a court must in
general exercise deferential scrutiny . . .’ and must ‘view and assess the reasonableness
of counsel’s acts or omissions . . . under the circumstances as they stood at the time that
counsel acted or failed to act.’ [Citation.] Although deference is not abdication
[citation], courts should not second-guess reasonable, if difficult, tactical decisions in
the harsh light of hindsight.” (People v. Scott, supra, 15 Cal.4th at p. 1212.) The
“failure to object to evidence or argument seldom establishes counsel’s incompetence.”
(People v. Ghent (1987) 43 Cal.3d 739, 772; People v. Williams (1997) 16 Cal.4th 153,
215.)
(b) Reasonable Doubt Standard
We begin with the prosecutor’s comments on the reasonable doubt standard. The
prosecutor made a variety of comments about the reasonable doubt standard. In
addition to the comments listed ante, the prosecutor said: (1) “So that element has been
17
proven beyond a reasonable doubt”; (2) “So element two has also been proven beyond a
reasonable doubt”; (3) “Count 1, element four is proven beyond a reasonable doubt”; (4)
“So Count 1 has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt”; (5) “That’s been proven
beyond a reasonable doubt”; (6) “Element three was proven beyond a reasonable
doubt”; (7) “It has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt”; (8) “So in terms of all five
elements, those have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt”; (9) “In terms of element
one, it has been met beyond a reasonable doubt”; (10) “So element three was also
proven beyond a reasonable doubt”; (11) “Element four has been proven beyond a
reasonable doubt”; (12) “The standard of proof in this [case] is reasonable doubt. Proof
beyond a reasonable doubt is proof that leaves you with an abiding conviction that the
charge is true. The evidence need not eliminate all possible doubt because everything in
life is open to some possible or imaginary doubt”; and (13) “The reasonable doubt
standard: It’s a reasonable one, a fair one. It’s just. It’s the People’s burden. That
burden has been met in this courtroom beyond a reasonable doubt. That’s the standard.
You have to have an abiding conviction that the charge is true. You have to think to
yourself, he did it.”
Given the prosecutor’s numerous reminders to the jury that the standard of proof
is beyond a reasonable doubt, defendant’s trial counsel could have reasonably chosen
not to object to the prosecutor’s comments about plain reasonableness. Defendant’s
trial counsel could have logically deduced that objecting to the prosecutor’s
reasonableness comments would only draw closer attention to the prosecutor’s point
that defendant’s version of events was questionable in certain respects. (See People v.
18
Ghent, supra, 43 Cal.3d at p. 773 [“Counsel may well have tactically assumed that an
objection or request for admonition would simply draw closer attention to the
prosecutor’s isolated comments”].) Because the prosecutor provided repeated
reminders about the correct standard of proof, it was a rational tactical choice not to
object to the comments about reasonableness because the jury was unlikely to be
confused about the standard of proof, and the objection could have drawn more
attention to the problems with defendant’s testimony. Accordingly, we conclude trial
counsel’s performance did not fall below prevailing professional norms as to the
prosecutor’s reasonableness comments.
(c) Jury Foreperson
Next, we address defendant’s trial counsel’s lack of objection to the prosecutor’s
comments about the jury foreperson. Defendant contends the prosecutor asserted the
jury foreperson “has a special role as the gatekeeper of the burden of proof. The
foreperson should listen to the other jurors’ arguments and decide whether the argument
involved exploring doubts over the evidence.”
As set forth ante, the prosecutor said, “As foreperson, the burden of proof is very
important. You might have someone who says, what if this happened or is it possible
this could have happened? You have to remind them this is not a case about what-ifs.
It’s what we saw and heard in this courtroom. You have a certain amount of facts. You
have the testimony. Then that’s it. There’s no imaginary things. It’s just about what’s
reasonable and what’s not reasonable. You make a decision as jurors.”
19
The prosecutor said to the jury, “You make a decision as jurors.” Defendant’s
trial counsel could have reasonably determined the prosecutor cured any misstatement
about the foreperson by clarifying that decisions are made by the “jurors”—plural, not
singular. By explaining that jurors (plural) make decisions, defense counsel could
reasonably understand the prosecutor’s comments as reflecting all jurors are equally
involved in the decision-making process. Because defendant’s trial counsel could
reasonably conclude the prosecutor corrected any misstatement about the foreperson’s
role, it was within prevailing professional norms not to object. (See People v. Adams
(2014) 60 Cal.4th 541, 569 [the point of objecting and requesting an admonition is to
cure the harm].)
In sum, we conclude defendant’s trial counsel’s assistance fell within the
prevailing professional norms. Therefore, counsel was not ineffective.
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
MILLER
J.
We concur:
HOLLENHORST
Acting P. J.
SLOUGH
J.
20
| |
How would air resistance affect the travel time?
Air resistance would increase travel time.
Would acceleration be greater or less if the ramp were a bit less steep?
Acceleration would be less on a less-steep ramp.
How does the time of ascent compare with the time of descent?
The time of ascent equals the time of descent.
Suppose a monkey weighs 102 N and the vine supporting her pulls upward with a force of 140 N. Describe her motion.
The monkey accelerates upward while the force acts.
Rank the tension in the left rope, form greatest to least.
C (man closest to the left rope), B (man second closest to the left rope, A (man farthest away from the left rope.
Would acceleration be greater or less if the ramp were a bit less sleep?
Acceleration would be less on a less-steep ramp.
According to Aristotle, how fast do heavy objects fall compared to light objects?
Aristotle stated that heavy objects fall faster than light objects.
In contrast to Aristotle's way of explaining nature, Galileo relied on?
Experiment.
According to Galileo, inertia is a?
Property of all matter.
Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has the same?
Nothing. Doesn't have the same volume, mass, or weight.
A baseball weighs 1.5 N on Earth. Another type of ball weighs 1.5 N on the Moon. The ball with the greater mass is the?
Other type of ball.
An object that has twice as much mass as another object also has twice as much?
Inertia.
Marie is pushing horizontally on a table that slides across the floor at a constant velocity. If she pushed with the same amount of force, but directed that force downward a bit, how would the amount of friction of the table legs with the floor be affected?
Friction would increase.
With a somewhat downward push, the table would press _________ against the floor (as if it were heavier).
Harder
_________ friction acts on a sliding heavy table than on a lighter one.
More
When an object is in dynamic equilibrium, it __________
Is moving in a straight line at a constant speed.
A glance at the speedometer on your vehicle will tell you your?
Instantaneous speed.
The gain in speed each second for a freely falling object is about?
10 m/s
Ten seconds after starting from rest, a freely-falling baseball will have a speed of about?
100 m/s
Both ends of a piece of rope are pulled by two people in a tug-of-war. If each pulls with a 400 N force, the tension in the rope is?
400 N
The net force on any object moving at a constant velocity is?
Zero
A car traveling at 100 km/h strikes an unfortunate bug that splatters on the windshield. The force of impact is greater on the?
It's the same for both
A boxer can hit a heavy bag with a great force. Why can't he hit a sheet of tissue paper in midair with the same amount of force?
The low mass of the tissue paper limits the amount of force the paper can exert on the boxer, and the forces between the boxer and paper must be equal and opposite.
When a baseball player hits a ball with a force of 1000 N, the ball exerts a force on the bat of?
1000 N
We know the Earth pulls on the Moon. Does it follow that the Moon also pulls on the Earth?
Yes, both pulls make up an interaction; neither can exist without the other.
A friend says that Ally cannot push on the tree unless the tree pushes back on her, and another friend says that if Ally pushes quickly, the tree won't push as hard on her. Which friend do you agree with, and why?
The first friend. Whatever push she exerts on the tree, briefly or otherwise, the pushback by the tree will be equal and opposite. That's Newton's 3rd Law.
Action and reaction pairs of forces always act on?
Different bodies
Earth pulls on the Moon. Similarly the Moon pulls on the Earth, evidence that?
Earth and Moon pull on each other and Earth's and Moon's pulls comprise an action-reaction pair.
The force that directly propels a motor scooter along a highway is that provided by the?
Road
How does the work done compare with the increased potential energy of the load?
They are the same
Which of these forms of energy is NOT renewable?
Fossil fuel power
The main sources of energy on Earth are?
Solar and nuclear
What is the ultimate source of geothermal energy?
Radioactive decay of isotopes in the Earth
A pulley system can?
Multiply a force and change the direction of a force
A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum potential energy at?
The top
Compared to a recoiling rifle, the bullet that is fired has a greater?
Kinetic energy
Sets with similar terms
physics ****ing 100
47 terms
Hoai_Nguyen88
physical science test 1
108 terms
Allie_Jackson97
Physics Newtons? | https://quizlet.com/315654184/physics-exam-1-flash-cards/ |
FRANK DEFORD: Deford is an award-winning sports journalist and contributing editor for Newsweek magazine. He offers his commentaries on the sports world to National Public Radio (NPR) listeners every Wednesday during NPR's newsmagazine Morning Edition®. Covering a broad spectrum of issues including sport as culture, sport in society, and occasionally an inside-sports commentary, Deford frequently goes beyond merely recapping specific games or heralding great athletic plays. His witty and honest writing helps audiences relate sports to the larger world. Called the world's greatest sportswriter by GQ Magazine, Deford has been voted Sportswriter of the Year six times by his peers at the National Association of Sportscasters and Sportswriters. In addition, Deford has been twice named U.S. Magazine Writer of the Year by the Washington Journalism Review and earned an Emmy for his coverage of the 1988 Seoul Olympics. Deford has also been a sports commentator for NBC and CNN. He is the author of several movie and television scripts, and 10 books, including Everybody's All American and Alex,The Life of a Child, a memoir about his daughter, who died of cystic fibrosis. 901-754-9404.
Frank Deford provides a provocative look at the sports industry from multiple angles. By using personal anecdotes gathered from a lifetime of writing and reporting about sports and sports personalities, he gives audiences a behind-the-scenes look at the industry from his unique and varied perspective.
As someone who has been an author, magazine writer, and radio and television commentator, journalist Frank Deford explains changes in the full spectrum of the business - with emphasis on sports. | https://executivespeakers.com/Speaker/Frank_Deford/ |
Implementing Anti-Human Trafficking Legislation: A Guide to Accessing Information through Right to Information Laws
September 28 is celebrated globally as the International Day for Universal Access to Information (IDUAI) to recognise the universal nature of the right to information (RTI) which guarantees everyone the right to seek, receive and impart information.
The right to access information is enshrined in international and regional standards and conventions, and in national constitutions and laws. Thirty-five of the 56 Commonwealth countries have enacted Right to Information legislation including Ghana and Kenya.
Anti-trafficking advocates need information on human trafficking issues in order to design, develop and implement effective and relevant programming. To understand the numbers, and prevalence. Access to information also ensures that government responses to human trafficking and civil society support are meeting the needs of both victims and survivors. This is crucial, given that human trafficking is mostly a hidden crime.
However, most anti-trafficking advocates do not use Right to Information laws to access information from government agencies that work to combat human trafficking.
About the Guide
This new compendium details the kind of information, records and data that can be obtained through Right to Information legislation, from public institutions that tackle human trafficking in Ghana and Kenya.
The objective of this guide is to provide civil society actors working on the frontlines with an additional tool that they can use to enhance their advocacy efforts and programmes to tackle human trafficking.
This guide focuses on Ghana and Kenya. Yet, a similar analysis can be applied in other Commonwealth jurisdictions.
The resource also contains recommendations which are equally of relevance to other Commonwealth countries with access to information laws.
Key Recommendations
In order to ensure effective implementation of Right to Information laws and to ultimately promote transparency and accountability in efforts to address issues related to human trafficking. CHRI makes the following recommendations.
We urge Commonwealth States to:
- Promote and protect the public’s right to access information as guaranteed under right to information legislation.
- Ensure public awareness and education on the Right to Information Act/Access to Information Act.
- Ensure that information, data and records on human trafficking are collated, consolidated and made available proactively, in a timely manner, and in accessible formats.
- Ensure comprehensive training for all public officials on the right to information/access to information and their obligations under the relevant national laws.
- Promote a culture of openness and transparency within governance.
- Organise and maintain detailed record of the institutions, departments and/or agencies that tackle human trafficking, including a description of their roles and responsibilities, and kinds of information and records that are prepared by, or are in the custody or under the control of, each of these institutions.
- Prepare detailed guidelines aimed to facilitate the exercise of the right to access to information by civil society and victims and survivors of human trafficking and their families.
- Encourage collaboration and partnership with civil society organisations to enhance the sharing of information, records and data on human trafficking.
Civil society organisations also have a key role to play, to ensure that States comply with their obligations to respect and guarantee the right to information on human trafficking issues.
Taking this into account, we urge Civil Society Organisations to:
- Work with international, regional and national civil society networks and coalitions, such as the RTI Coalition Ghana and the Commonwealth 8.7 Network, to raise awareness about the importance and value of right to information in the efforts to combat human trafficking.
- Promote a culture of knowledge sharing and learning among CSOs, especially grassroot organisations.
- Use Right to information/Access to Information legislation to address information/data gaps in the efforts to tackle human trafficking.
- Make joint submissions and applications for information requests - a collective voice is stronger. | https://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/publication/guide-to-access-information-on-human-trafficking |
Under article 4.2, paragraph (e) of the Staff Regulations, the filling of vacancies in technical cooperation projects does not fall under Annex I of the Staff Regulations and is made by direct selection by the Director-General.
In order to support the best informed process in the filling of the above-mentioned vacancy by direct selection, the ILO invites interested candidates to submit their application online by the above date.
The following are eligible to apply:
- ILO Internal candidates in accordance with paragraphs 31 and 32 of Annex I of the Staff Regulations.
- External candidates*
*The recruitment process for National Officer positions is subject to specific local recruitment and eligibility criteria.
The ILO values diversity among its staff and welcomes applications from qualified female candidates. We also encourage applicants with disabilities. If you are unable to complete our online application form due to a disability, please send an email to [email protected].
Technical cooperation appointments are not expected to lead to a career in the ILO and they do not carry any expectation of renewal or conversion to any other type of appointment in the Organization. A one-year fixed-term contract will be given. Extensions of technical cooperation contracts are subject to various elements including the following: availability of funds, continuing need of the functions and satisfactory conduct and performance.
*Conditions of employment for external candidates: In conformity with existing ILO practice, the appointment of an external candidate will normally be made at the first step of this grade.
Introduction
The ILO Worker Rights in Rural Sectors with a focus on Women seeks to recruit a Private Sector Liaison and Partnership-Building Officer at the NO-A level.
Project outcomes include:
-
-
Increased awareness among employers, workers, and other local stakeholders in selected rural communities of the requirements and benefits of adhering to the labour standards in the agriculture, and fishing sectors.
-
Improved administration and capacity of government and other relevant stakeholders to monitor and remediate the labour standards in the rural sectors of agriculture, and fishing:
-
Improved enforcement by government to address wage inequality and workplace discrimination against women in workplaces in targeted rural areas, including in the agriculture, and fishing sectors.
-
The project falls under the technical responsibility of the ILO Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health (LABADMIN/OSH) Branch.
Reporting Lines
The Private Sector Liaison and Partnership-building Officer will be under the overall supervision of the Director of the ILO Country Office for Indonesia and the direct supervision of the Indonesia National project coordinator.
Description of Duties
1. Maintain external contacts with government, employers’, and workers’ organizations, including their gender focal points, United Nations (UN) agencies and other international organizations and donors to exchange information and partnerships, in Indonesia.
2. Strengthen partnerships (National and sub-national), including coalition building, to accelerate progress in achieving the project goals, including the promotion of compliance as well as private sector supply chain social compliance, and corporate social responsibility/responsible business conduct.
3. Strengthen efforts of stakeholders to coordinate and leverage resources and carry out promotional and advocacy campaigns. Support awareness raising and capacity building activities targeting the private sector as well as other project stakeholders.
4. Contribute and support the Project’s communication activities.
5. In collaboration with other project staff, develop or strengthen an operational strategy to improve stakeholders’ monitoring and remediation efforts.
.
6. Support and strengthen existing collaboration and coordination mechanisms and platforms. Propose new mechanisms where needed. Work in cooperation in the preparation of draft Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) or similar instruments, when required. Ensure that these are consistent with requirements and timelines for project implementation.
7. Prepare and deliver capacity building for stakeholders, private sector, tripartite constituents and project partners on International Labour Standards and relevant Guidelines, Due Diligence Guidance, etc.
8. Prepare briefings, policy briefs and other documentation.
9. Participate in meetings, consultations, and conferences with a view to identifying areas of common interest and promote collaboration and partnership. Organize and manage conferences, seminars, workshops, training sessions and meetings.
10. Identify and document good practices of partnerships in promotion of compliance, corporate social responsibility, or private sector supply chain social compliance.
11. Carry out other duties as may be assigned by the National Project Coordinator and the Director of Country Office for Indonesia.
Required qualifications
Education
Bachelor’s or master’s degree in Economics, Business Administration, Management, Social Sciences, International Development or a related field with demonstrated expertise. A specialization on standards compliance, corporate social responsibility/responsible business conduct or social compliance in supply chains, or closely related field, preferred.
Experience
- Minimum of three (3) years of professional experience in the area of corporate social responsibility or private sector supply chain social compliance program.
- Understanding of key labour issues, including OSH and provisions of RA11058.
- Minimum of five years of experience in a consultative/advisory position responsible for building partnerships of public and/or private organizations to achieve common goals, identify institutional problems and challenges, develop focused strategies, lay out actionable plans and recommendations, and define and identify roles and responsibilities
- Familiarity with ILO policies and procedures would be an advantage.
- Expertise and experience working on standards compliance, decent work and gender particularly OSH in a sector-specific setting such as agriculture, fisheries and mining would be an advantage.
Languages
Excellent written and spoken command of Indonesia and English is required.
Competencies
- Proven ability to maintain working relationships with all project stakeholders (government, civil society, workers, unions, and employers), including coalition building and partnership promotion.
- Proven success in negotiating, with an ability to build consensus and gain cooperation from others to obtain information, provide resources, and accomplish goals.
- Experience in effective public speaking and advocacy, with the significant ability to explain issues to diverse audiences, advocate for solutions, and build consensus around a proposed plan of action and a set of deliverables.
- Proven success in facilitating meetings among a wide range of stakeholders, with the significant ability to align different sets of interests, identify common goals, develop agreed-upon next steps and deliverables, define, and identify roles and responsibilities, and hold stakeholders accountable.
- Demonstrated experience in, and knowledge of, the promotion of compliance as well as private sector supply chain social compliance, and corporate social responsibility/responsible business conduct.
- Decision-making and problem-solving skills.
- Excellent drafting skills, negotiation skills and organizational and management skills.
optional section (if needed)
- Ability to work under time and political pressure and meet deadlines.
- Ability to work independently with a minimum of supervision.
- Proven ability to take ownership of all responsibilities, to act with integrity and transparency by maintaining social, ethical and organizational norms, and to meet all commitments within the prescribed time, cost and quality standards.
- Excellent leadership skills, ability to work effectively in a team and excellent interpersonal skills.
- Strong written and verbal communication skills, including the ability to write accurate reports and to build networks to obtain cooperation with partners.
- Ability to plan and support the development of individual’s skills and abilities for a more effective fulfilment of job/role responsibilities.
- Ability to maintain effectiveness when experiencing major changes in work tasks or environment, and to adjust effectively to work within new work structures, processes, requirements, or cultures.
- Ability to work in a multicultural environment and to demonstrate gender-sensitive and non-discriminatory behavior and attitudes.
Recruitment process
Please note that all candidates must complete an on-line application form. To apply, please visit the ILO Jobs website. The system provides instructions for online application procedures.
Fraud warning
The ILO does not charge any fee at any stage of the recruitment process whether at the application, interview, processing or training stage. Messages originating from a non ILO e-mail account - @ilo.org - should be disregarded. In addition, the ILO does not require or need to know any information relating to the bank account details of applicants. | https://jobs.ilo.org/job/Jakarta-Private-Sector-Liaison-&-Partnership-Building-Officer-%28NOA%29Improving-Workers'-Rights/836872601/ |
162 Cal.App.2d 607 (1958)
SAMUEL W. GARDINER, Respondent,
v.
FLOYD GAITHER et al., Defendants; GRAN-WOOD COMPANY (a Partnership) et al., Appellants.
Civ. No. 17754.
California Court of Appeals. First Dist., Div. One.
Aug. 6, 1958.
Julius H. Selinger, in pro. per., for Appellants.
Samuel W. Gardiner, in pro. per., for Respondent.
PETERS, P. J.
In an action for declaratory relief and for a money judgment brought by the assignee of several creditors against numerous defendants, the trial court determined that the three partners of Gran-Wood Company were personally liable for certain goods and services furnished by plaintiff's assignors. From the judgment so holding the three partners appeal.
The record discloses that in November of 1951 there existed a partnership known as the Gran-Wood Company, engaged in the purchase, development and sale of vacant and improved real estate. This company had three partners, H. B. Granlee, John F. Woodson and Julius H. Selinger. At that time there also existed another partnership known as Gaither and Boe, engaged in the contracting business. This partnership had two partners--Floyd Gaither and Carl S. Boe--both licensed contractors.
On November 12, 1951, Gran-Wood entered into a contract with Gaither and Boe. One of the basic questions involved on this appeal is whether such contract created a partnership, or whether Gaither and Boe simply became independent contractors under it. The trial court came to the conclusion that it created a partnership.
Under the terms of this contract Gran-Wood employed Gaither and Boe for the construction of all homes and other structures to be erected upon lands to be acquired by Gran-Wood. Gaither and Boe agreed not to engage in any other contracting work for any other person. In the event that other construction jobs were offered to Gaither and Boe they had to be first submitted to Gran-Wood for approval as to price, time and location, and, if approved, were then to be subject to all the terms of this contract. Gaither and Boe agreed that they would make a firm bid on all construction jobs, and that such bid would be actual cost plus 5 per cent. If the job was completed at a cost less than the firm bid, the cost to Gran-Wood was to be reduced accordingly, and, if the cost exceeded the firm bid, Gran-Wood was to pay Gaither and Boe the amount of such excess up to 5 per cent of the firm *611 bid. The prevailing customs and usages of the contracting business and related trades as to modes of financing and payments on the installment plan were to be applicable to all transactions under the contract. Title to all lands involved, before, during, and after construction, and until the property was sold, was to remain in Gran-Wood or its nominees. Gran-Wood undertook to use its best efforts, skill and judgment in the selection of land to be developed, and agreed that land acquired by it under the agreement should be carried on its books at its actual cost of acquisition and development. Profits of the venture were to be divided as follows:
"(a) Of the first $40,000.00 of net profits made per annum by Gran- Wood Company, Gaither & Boe shall be credited with 50% thereof."
"(b) If and when net profits of Gran-Wood Company shall exceed $40,000.00 and shall be between $40,000.00 and $50,000.00, Gaither & Boe shall be credited on the books of Gran-Wood Company with $20,000 per annum plus 10 per cent of any excess over $40,000."
"(c) If and when the aggregate net profits of Gran-Wood Company shall amount to $50,000.00 or more per annum, Gaither & Boe shall, in lieu of formulas (a) and (b) of this paragraph, be credited on the books of Gran- Wood Company with 40% of such net profits."
It was also provided that in addition to sharing in the profits arising out of the construction of dwellings, Gaither and Boe were to share, according to a fixed formula, in the net profits derived from the resale of any land acquired by Gran-Wood and sold by it as undeveloped property.
Granlee and Woodson, two of the partners in Gran-Wood, who were realtors, were to have the exclusive rights to sell for a 3 per cent commission the various properties involved at prices fixed by Gran-Wood and approved by Gaither and Boe.
It was expressly provided that resale prices and selection of vacant or improved property, the terms of sale and financing of such property, and the determination as to the type, cost and suitability of each structure were to be determined by mutual consent. This was to be equally true of all other matters of policy directly affecting the character of the development involved. The contract also provided for a settlement of accounts between the parties as each unit was sold and when the profits therefor became ascertainable with due regard being given to the expiration of lien periods on each project. *612
The contract contained this provision: "Neither of the contracting parties herein shall be liable to any third person, firm, or corporation for the debt, default or undertaking, contract or tort of the other contracting party, but shall be answerable only for its own acts or omissions."
The contract was to remain in effect for three years, unless either party gave written notice of termination to the other, which each was empowered to do.
In January of 1952, under this contract, Gaither and Boe commenced construction of five houses, on which the firm bid was $13,000 each. About March of 1952 the partners in Gran-Wood learned that the construction was defective in that the foundations and retaining walls were not adequate. Construction was stopped until remedial measures could be taken. The city of San Rafael condemned the structures as unsafe. Following this, and within the time provided by law, a number of subcontractors and materialmen filed mechanics' liens against the property, claiming that both Gaither and Boe and Gran-Wood were personally liable for the amounts involved. Gran-Wood denied any such liability.
Several of the lien claimants assigned their claims to Samuel W. Gardiner, an attorney, and the plaintiff in this action. There then ensued some correspondence between Gardiner and Selinger, also an attorney, and a partner in Gran-Wood. This correspondence ultimately resulted in what the participants called a "deal." The second major disagreement of the parties is whether this "deal" constituted a novation or was a mere executory accord. The trial court held that it was not a novation.
Under the terms of this "deal," as disclosed by the correspondence, Gran- Wood, while disclaiming any personal liability for the debts here involved, offered, and Gardiner on behalf of his clients accepted, a proposition under which Gran-Wood agreed to proceed with salvage operations and completion of three of the five buildings involved, and to demolish the two that could not be salvaged. The mechanics' lien claimants agreed to waive their claim of personal liability against Gran-Wood and its partners and to withdraw or release their liens on the five structures. When the three buildings were completed and sold, there was to be a pro rata distribution among the creditors involved.
Pursuant to this agreement, Gran-Wood resumed operations with a new contractor. One of the three buildings was partially completed and sold in an unfinished state. The foundation *613 work was never completed on any of the other buildings because Gran-Wood discovered that the cost would be in an amount that Gran-Wood was unwilling to pay.
Subsequently, Floyd Gaither and Carl Boe were adjudicated to be bankrupts. These two persons, while defendants in the present action in the court below, are not parties to this appeal, since they have not appealed from the judgment.
The trial court found that the lien claims of plaintiff's assignors had become valueless prior to the filing of the present action because the property was of less value than the deeds of trust of Hunter Investment Company, which deeds of trust were prior in right to the lien claims.
The trial court also found that the appellants did not perform the proposals agreed upon in the second contract, and further found that this second agreement was intended as a means of paying the existing claims, and that the proposals contained therein were intended to be prospective in nature and operative at a future time because the parties did not intend that appellants were to be instantly discharged from liability. All the waivers, releases and discharges contained in the agreement were found to have been intended by the parties to be contingent upon actual performance by the appellants of their obligations under the agreement. The court thereupon concluded that the first contract was a partnership contract between Gaither, Boe, Granlee, Woodson and Selinger; that respondent's assignors supplied goods and services under that contract to the partnership, and that the acts of Gaither and Boe were performed as partners and under the partnership agreement. The correspondence between Gardiner and Selinger and the resulting agreement did not constitute a novation. Gardiner was held entitled to a judgment on behalf of his clients and against Granlee, Woodson and Selinger upon a quantum meruit in the sum of $5,205.70. Those three persons appeal.
Appellants challenge the conclusion of law that the first contract created a partnership, claiming that there is no evidence and no findings to the effect that this contract created a partnership. The record shows that the parties submitted to the trial court certain issues prior to the main trial. This was a pretrial proceeding before the pretrial procedure as we now know it was authorized by the rules. But even before pretrial counsel could, of course, stipulate to the trial of certain issues to be tried separately from the other issues. That was the legal effect of what was here done. *614
After these separate issues had been submitted to the trial court, and before the main trial, the court entered a minute order which stated that "two questions were submitted to the Court for its pre-trial decision," and then stated the first question and its answer as follows:
"1. Whether the agreement attached as Exhibit A to the complaint in the above entitled cause constituted a partnership agreement under which H. B. Granlee, John F. Woodson and Julius H. Selinger became copartners with Floyd Gaither and Carl S. Boe or whether said Gaither and Boe became independent contractors under said agreement and whether the members of Gran-Wood Company under said agreement became liable to the creditors of Gaither and Boe."
"This Court has for all practical purposes settled said question in the matter of Hunter Investment Company v. Gran-Wood, tried in the above entitled Court commencing on January 24, 1956, in which action the identical agreement was before this Court."
"In lieu of a written opinion herein the Court makes reference to the comments of the Court upon the decision in said action contained in the notes of the shorthand reporter."
The minute order then recites that the second question submitted to it was whether the second contract was a novation or executory accord, and answered that question as follows:
"The Court is of the opinion that said correspondence termed by counsel herein as a 'deal' amounts to no more than an accord without satisfaction and without extinction of the obligations theretofore existing and did not approximate the dignity of a Novation."
"The Court inclines to the view that the original obligations remain in force."
No extrinsic evidence was offered at the pretrial hearing on these issues, the two contracts being submitted to the court for its interpretation as a matter of law. The court's pretrial determination amounted to a holding that the contracts were not ambiguous or uncertain, and that their interpretation was a matter of law. [1] Whether a contract is ambiguous or uncertain is a question of law, and if it is held not to be ambiguous or uncertain the interpretation of the contract becomes a question of law. This is elementary. (See discussion and collection of cases, 12 Cal.Jur.2d p. 324, 119.)
[2] So far as the first contract is concerned, the court determined that it created a partnership between the contracting parties. Certainly the agreement is not ambiguous or *615 uncertain on this point. The terms of the agreement demonstrate without ambiguity that this is what the parties intended. The provisions for sharing profits, and giving each party an equal voice on all major policy matters can have no other meaning.
The case of Constans v. Ross, 106 Cal.App.2d 381 [235 P.2d 113], is directly in point, and very similar as to its facts to the instant one. There, two realtors and a contractor entered into a contract whereby the realtors were to secure suitable building locations and the contractor was to erect residences thereon. The realtors were to make arrangements for financing, and provide the plans and specifications. A formula for the division of profits was set forth in the agreement. Materialmen sued both the realtors and the contractor, and secured a judgment against them. This was affirmed. [3] The court held that under the terms of the agreement the realtors were partners of the contractor, and, as such, liable for the debts contracted by the partnership, and stated (p. 386): "The question of the existence of a partnership depends primarily upon the intention of the parties ascertained from the terms of the agreement and from the surrounding circumstances. [Citations.] [4] Ordinarily the existence of a partnership is evidenced by the right of the respective parties to participate in the profits and losses and in the management of the business. [Citations.] [5] In ascertaining the intention of the parties, where they have entered into a written agreement, such intention should be determined chiefly from the terms of the writing. [Citation.] [6] While the question of whether a partnership exists is to be determined from the nature of the relation agreed upon rather than the name which the parties have given to it, some weight must be given to the language of the parties themselves. [Citations.] [7] It is the intention as evidenced by the terms of the agreement, and not the subjective or undisclosed intention of the parties, that controls."
The court then referred to the pertinent provisions of the contract, and summarized the evidence as to the conduct of the parties in carrying out its terms, and then pointed out that the apportionment of duties between the partners was not indicative of a nonpartnership intent and that the fact profits and losses were not equally shared did not compel a conclusion that no partnership existed, and then concluded (p. 389): "Considering the terms of the agreement here involved and the conduct and activities of the parties thereto in carrying *616 on the business, the conclusion is impelled that a partnership existed. The agreement discloses an association for the purpose of carrying on a business and dividing the profits. And the agreement for division of profits implies an agreement also to bear the losses."
[8] Appellants correctly point out that in the Constans case the contract was not interpreted solely from its terms but oral evidence of the surrounding circumstances were presented to and considered by the trial court, and then urge that in the instant case "our complaint is that no evidence was permitted to be offered." (App. Rep. Br. p. 8.)
The record does not show that appellants, either at the pretrial hearing or at the main trial made any offer of any such evidence. But at the oral argument, and in a brief filed after oral argument, appellants, while conceding that no such offer at any time was made, argue that at the pretrial hearing the court ruled without such evidence that the contract created a partnership, that this was in effect a summary judgment on the issues decided, and made the offer of any such evidence at the trial futile.
These arguments are fallacious. The contending parties, prior to the main trial, submitted two issues to the court. These issues were presented by simply submitting the documents involved. If appellants desired to submit any extrinsic evidence that was the time to have done so. This they did not do. This so-called pretrial hearing was nothing more than the submission, by agreement, to the trial court of certain issues to be separately decided. Assuming that appellants have extrinsic evidence relevant to the issue, and the nature of such evidence has not been divulged, the time to have offered it was when the issue of interpretation was before the court.
In the second place, the minute order made after the pretrial hearing was only interlocutory and was not a final order. If at the time of the main trial appellants desired to offer extrinsic evidence on the issue, they could have asked the judge to change his ruling that such question was one of law, and could and should have made an offer to produce such evidence. This, appellants did not do. It is too late to object now.
A third reason why no error could possibly have occurred in reference to this matter, is that the trial court properly held that the first contract, without ambiguity and as a matter of law, created a partnership. Extrinsic evidence was not admissible, therefore, to interpret it. The terms of the contract in this respect are clear and unequivocal. *617
[9] Appellants place some reliance on the provision that neither contracting party was to be liable for the debt, default, undertaking, contract or tort of the other. Whatever effect such provision may have had as between the partners themselves, it can have no effect on the partners' liability to third persons. [10] As stated in San Joaquin L. & P. Corp. v. Costaloupes, 96 Cal.App. 322, 334 [274 P. 84]: "The courts will not countenance contrivances for giving persons the whole of the advantage of a partnership, without subjecting them to the liabilities, and an agreement which attempts to carry out a joint venture for the mutual profit of the adventurers and evade their responsibility for losses may be enforced and construed as creating a partnership."
[11] The next argument of appellants is that all of respondent's assignors extended credit exclusively to the contractors, Gaither and Boe, at a time when they did not know of Gran-Wood's relationship to the transaction, and therefore even if Gaither and Boe, as partners, were agents of Gran- Wood, the agents alone are liable. An attempt is made to bring this case within the rule of Rigney v. De La Salle Institute, 10 Cal.App.2d 492 [52 P.2d 579]. There the plaintiffs, as here, were materialmen and subcontractors who had furnished the contractor with labor and material used in the construction of certain buildings for the defendant. The appellate court reversed a judgment for the plaintiffs, pointing out that the evidence demonstrated that the plaintiffs had extended the credits solely and exclusively to the contractor, who was defendant's agent. After completion of the building the plaintiffs executed and delivered final lien waivers to the contractor, thus accepting his exclusive credit for the payment of the debts, and releasing the property from all liability. The court quite properly held that under such a state of facts it would be improper to hold the owner personally responsible, stating (p. 499): "The authorities amply bear out the conclusion that where exclusive credit is extended to the agent, regardless of any agreement by the parties, the rule of liability of an undisclosed principal is inapplicable, and the parties stand in the same relation as if the principal had at all times been disclosed. [Citations.]" (See also Hayward's v. Nelson, 143 Cal.App.2d 807 [299 P.2d 1013].)
The rule of these cases is not here applicable for the simple reason that there is no showing in the record to show that respondent's assignors extended the credits exclusively to Gaither & Boe. If appellants desired to raise that defense *618 to escape the normal rules of agency, they should have produced, or offered to produce, evidence on the issue. This they did not do.
Certainly, in the absence of any such evidence, the mere fact that respondent's assignors did not know of the Gran-Wood, Gaither and Boe, contract when they furnished labor and materials does not preclude them from now holding the partners of Gran-Wood. If this were the law then all the rules relating to the liability of an undisclosed principal would be meaningless. [12] As this court stated in Luce v. Sutton, 115 Cal.App.2d 428, 433 [252 P.2d 352]: " 'It is a settled rule of the law of agency that a principal is responsible to third persons for the ordinary contracts and obligations of his agent with third persons made in the course of the business of the agency and within the scope of the agents' powers as such, although made in the name of the agent and not purporting to be other than his own personal obligation or contract.' (Geary St. Park & Ocean R. Co. v. Rolph, 189 Cal. 59, 64 [207 P. 539].) [13] 'A creditor may sue an undisclosed principal when found although he may not have known of the existence of such principal at the time the debt was incurred.' (Hulsman v. Ireland, 205 Cal. 345, 352 [270 P. 948].)"
In Wahyou v. Kiernan, 145 Cal.App.2d 443, 445 [302 P.2d 638], the court announced the same elementary rule, and then stated: "Again, here ... there was no intervening circumstance such as was present in Rigney v. De La Salle Institute, 10 Cal.App.2d 492 [52 P.2d 579], ... which would warrant a conclusion by this court that credit had been extended exclusively to Hemley, and it is only by such a circumstance that the defendant can escape liability under the general rule previously set forth."
[14] If this is the rule as to undisclosed principals, and it clearly is, it certainly applies to an undisclosed partner. If a case is necessary to support such an obvious rule it is to be found in Schwaegler Co. v. Marchesotti, 88 Cal.App.2d 738 [199 P.2d 331], where the court laid down the rule by quoting from Bissell v. King, 91 Cal.App. 420 [267 P. 356], as follows (p. 743):
" '... Thus in cases of secret partnership and dormant partners, a creditor is entitled to recover from all the partners when discovered, though the debt was not originally charged to all [citation], and even though one partner holds himself out as the sole owner, the ostensible partner is the agent of the *619 dormant one, and the latter is bound by his representations.'"
"And in section 500 of the text of Rowley on Partnership, last cited, it is said:"
" '... As a rule, he [the dormant or undisclosed partner] is liable to the firm creditors to the same extent as if he were known to the creditor at the time the credit was obtained, under the doctrine that an undisclosed principal is liable for the acts of his agent. ... If the dormant partner be completely so, and not known as such to the firm creditor, he will be liable to the firm creditor for indebtedness incurred by the firm to the creditor during the dormant partner's connection with the firm, ....' " (See generally Lindner v. Friednash, 160 Cal.App.2d 511 [325 P.2d 612].)
Thus, the trial court was correct in concluding that the contract created a partnership between Gran-Wood and Gaither and Boe, and in holding that this rendered appellants liable for the goods and services furnished to Gaither and Boe and used in the construction of the partnership buildings. We do not find it necessary to determine whether the trial court was correct in simply concluding that a partnership existed, and in not making a finding to that effect, because this court, if such finding were necessary, could and would make it under the power conferred by section 956a of the Code of Civil Procedure. If we were to exercise such power such finding would, for reasons already stated, be in precise accord with the conclusion of law of the trial court.
[15a] The second main attack of appellants is on the findings to the effect that the second agreement did not constitute a novation. Appellants urge that appellants' assignors, at best, had a doubtful right to enforce personal liability against Gran-Wood, and that the substitute agreement constituted a compromise of that right. They urge, therefore, that the second agreement was a novation under the rule announced in Bennett v. Bennett, 219 Cal. 153 [25 P.2d 426]. That case held that a compromise of a disputed and doubtful claim is enforceable as a novation. Appellants rely on language of Gardiner contained in one of the letters constituting the contract to the effect that "We now understand that we have a definite deal as between ourselves, and that it is only contingent upon obtaining that approval from Hunter," which was admittedly later obtained, and claim such language demonstrates that the second agreement replaced the first.
In the instant case, the second agreement was not performed. *620 Had it been, it would have constituted an accord and satisfaction, and respondent could claim no rights under the first contract. In such event it would have become a substitute for that contract. Appellants would have us believe that the respondent's assignors intended to give up all existing rights against Gran-Wood in return for the mere promise of Gran-Wood to perform the second contract. The right against Gran-Wood being asserted by respondent's assignors was not a highly doubtful right, as appellants assert, but was a clear and obvious right. The mere fact that appellants refused to recognize it did not make it a doubtful right. To contend that respondent's assignors intended to surrender, completely, that right in return for the mere promise of Gran-Wood to perform the second agreement is contrary to ordinary business practice.
Interestingly enough, such contention is also contrary to the position taken by appellants in their answer to the complaint in which they denied that the second agreement "was or is a substituted agreement or a compromise agreement," alleging that there was no previous agreement at all for which the second could be a substitute or compromise.
Under the law the second agreement was clearly an executory accord and not a novation. A novation is defined in section 1530 of the Civil Code as the "substitution of a new obligation for an existing one." Section 1531 provides how it is made. It requires that the substitution be with the intent to extinguish the old obligation. An accord, on the other hand, is "an agreement to accept, in extinction of an obligation, something different from or less than that to which the person agreeing to accept is entitled." (Civ. Code, 1521.) The next sections provide that an accord does not extinguish the obligation until it is executed. Acceptance of such performance by the creditor is the satisfaction of the accord.
[16] Under these sections, which codify general law on the subject, a novation extinguishes one obligation by accepting for it another, that is, the creditor agrees to accept the second promise for his existing claim. But this is not true of an accord. Here it is not the new promise that is accepted in lieu of the existing claim, but the performance of that new promise. In 1 California Jurisprudence 2d, page 276, section 34, the applicable principles supported by many authorities are stated as follows:
"Acceptance by the creditor of the consideration of an accord extinguishes the obligation, and constitutes the satisfaction. *621 However, the obligation is not extinguished until the accord is fully executed, even though the parties to the accord are bound to execute it. In other words, an accord may be binding on the parties, but it does not discharge the obligation it is made to satisfy until it is executed. ..."
"It is an elementary principle that an accord without satisfaction is not a bar, nor does it constitute a defense. In other words, if a second contract is but an accord, then the original obligation remains in force until the new one is performed." (See also discussion and cases cited 1 Am.Jur., p. 216, 3.)
[15b, 17] In the instant case there is no evidence that respondent, on behalf of his clients, agreed to accept Gran-Wood's promise to complete three of the five structures as satisfaction of the pre-existing debts. Certainly, the presumption is against any such conclusion. The most reasonable and sensible interpretation of the correspondence is that the creditors were willing to accept performance of the agreement to finish three of the five houses in satisfaction of their existing claims, but extinguishment of those claims was conditional upon performance of the second promise. The correspondence in question between Gardiner and Selinger was a practical attempt at a practical solution by which creditors would get back some or all of their money, and Gran-Wood would be relieved of personal liability by salvaging the three buildings, which Gran-Wood obviously thought could be profitably done. But Gran-Wood found it to be unprofitable, and did not perform. Obviously, the whole agreement was prospective. What respondent's assignors wanted was performance of the second agreement. This they did not get. Thus, the original obligation was not extinguished and may be enforced. (See United States Gypsum Co. v. Snyder-Ashe Co., 139 Cal.App. 731 [34 P.2d 767].)
[18] It is next urged that because respondent and his assignors were not parties to the contract between Gran-Wood and Gaither and Boe they cannot secure a construction of that contract in a declaratory relief action, because not persons "interested" in such contract. The point is without merit. The respondent's assignors were creditors of Gaither and Boe, and also creditors of Gran-Wood, if the contract between these two created a partnership. Certainly respondent's assignors had an interest, an important interest, in having it declared that the contract in question created a partnership. It seems clear that a person who has rights flowing from a contract has an "interest" in that contract, and should, in the *622 discretion of the trial court, [fn. *] be able to maintain an action to secure a declaration of the character and extent of those rights when an actual controversy exists. (Wollenberg v. Tonningsen, 8 Cal.App.2d 722 [48 P.2d 738].)
The judgment appealed from is affirmed.
Bray, J., and Wood (Fred B.), J., concurred.
NOTES
[fn. *] *. The entertainment of an action for declaratory relief is within the discretionary power of the trial court. Its decision will not be disturbed unless a clear abuse of discretion is shown. ( 1061, Code Civ. Proc; Schessler v. Keck, 125 Cal.App.2d 827 [271 P.2d 588]; Wieber v. Worton, 105 Cal.App.2d 626 [234 P.2d 114]; California Physicians' Service v. Garrison, 28 Cal.2d 790 [172 P.2d 4, 167 A.L.R. 306].)
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EValuation of Events aNd Temporal Information (EVENTI)
The purpose of EVENTI is to promote research in Temporal Processing for Italian. This evaluation exercise will provide the chance to test a newly developed language resource, the Ita-TimeBank (Caselli et al., 2011a) while making it available to the NLP community as one of the largest manually annotated data sets for Temporal Processing.
Main Task
Following the experience of the previous TempEval Evaluation Exercises, the EVENTI task will consist of 4 subtasks:
- Task A: determine the extent and the normalization of temporal expressions (i.e. timex) in a text according to the TimeML TIMEX3 tag. Empty TIMEX3 tags, as specified in the TimeML Annotation Guidelines, will be taken into account as well.
- Task B: determine the extent of the events in a text according to the TimeML EVENT tag definition adapted to Italian. In addition, determine the values of the feature CLASS.
- Task C: determine temporal relations from raw text. This task involves performing Task A and Task B and subsequently identifying pairs of elements (event\event and event\timex pairs in the same sentence) which stand in a temporal relation (TLINK) and classifying temporal relations among them. As in TempEval-3, all temporal relation values are used.
- Task D: determine the temporal relations given two gold items. In particular, given the pair of elements (event\event or event\timex pairs) that have a temporal link, classify the temporal relation between them with the same values as in task C.
Pilot Task: Temporal Processing of Historical Texts
Participants will be asked to run their systems on a corpus of about 5,000 tokens following the same sub-task defined for the main task.
No training data will be provided, while the test set will consist of newspaper articles published in “Il Trentino” by Alcide De Gasperi in 1914.
Participants will be required to process the texts with the same system used for the main task. The results obtained will be used to analyze how well systems built for contemporary languages perform on historical texts. In addition, participants can use any freely available training data for building a new system or for adapting an already existing one.
Participants in both tasks may use any additional resources (lexica, Wikipedia, knowledge basis, etc.) a description is included in the final report.
Detailed guidelines, task materials and data sets for development, training and testing will be made available on the Task Website.
Dataset: Training, test and gold data are available. | http://www.evalita.it/2014/tasks/eventi |
Simulations, like fluid dynamics, are very computationally intensive problems. Since the Lattice Boltzmann method uses a discrete grid of cells for simulating the flow, there are no dependencies between the single cells during the computation for one time step. Therefore, the computing can easily be done in parallel. During the last years, multi-CPU computers have been developed. That caused many algorithms to be re-implemented for multithreaded applications. In consequence, results for the computational fluid dynamics could be provided much faster. While the multi-CPU approach has already been implemented, there is now another possibility to achieve fast results: the Open Computing Language (OpenCL) has been released, that allows to use the data-parallel calculating capacity of GPUs, which were mainly limited for rendering graphics so far, for computationally intensive problems equally. In addition to this, OpenCL allows to use multiple devices for computation, which means that a higher level of parallelism is reached. In this thesis, the possibilities of OpenCL to solve the fluid dynamics calculation should be examined. Therefore, it is important to find out whether the code has to be changed for performance reasons if it is run on different hardware components or OpenCL platforms (like those currently provided by NVIDIA, AMD or IBM) or not, and whether the implementation of the Lattice Boltzmann method in OpenCL brings any further advantages for fast computing in general. The result is that OpenCL is capable of much indeed; high calculation speed can be achieved with it to some extent. Furthermore, a programming strategy for efficient OpenCL programs could be developed during the implementation, testing and measuring: short kernel functions, that promise little synchronization delay and that can quickly be translated by the OpenCL just-in-time compiler, joined by many work-items that simultaneously execute the kernel code, produce efficient OpenCL programs that are able to use the device’s compute units to capacity. | https://hgpu.org/?p=8378 |
About Prague and Czech Republic
Czech Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Germany to the north-west and west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the north-east. Prague is the capital and largest city, with 1.3 million residents. The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia and Moravia, and Czech Silesia.
The Czech landscape is exceedingly varied. Bohemia, to the west, consists of a basin drained by the Elbe and the Vltava (or Moldau) rivers, surrounded by mostly low mountains, such as the Krkonoše range of the Sudetes. The highest point in the country, Sněžka at 1,602 m (5,256 ft), is located here. Moravia, the eastern part of the country, is also quite hilly. It is drained mainly by the Morava River, but it also contains the source of the Oder River.
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It is the fourteenth-largest city in the European Union. It is also the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava River, the city is home to about 1.24 million people, while its larger urban zone is estimated to have a population of nearly 2 million. The city has a temperate climate, with warm summers and chilly winters.
Prague has been a political, cultural, and economic centre of central Europe with waxing and waning fortunes during its 1,100-year existence. Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic and Renaissance eras, Prague was not only the capital of the Czech state, but also the seat of two Holy Roman Emperors and thus also the capital of the Holy Roman Empire. It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire and after World War I became the capital of Czechoslovakia. The city played major roles in the Protestant Reformation, the Thirty Years' War, and in 20th-century history, during both World Wars and the post-war Communist era.
Prague is home to a number of famous cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe. Main attractions include the Prague Castle, the Charles Bridge, Old Town Square, the Jewish Quarter, the Lennon Wall and Petřín hill. Since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic, which used to be joined with Slovakia until the two separated into distinct sovereign states in 1993.
The city boasts more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas, and other historical exhibits. A modern public transportation system connects the city. Also, it is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University. Prague is classified as an Alpha- global city according to GaWC studies, comparable to Vienna, Seoul and Washington, D.C. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination, and the city receives more than 4.4 million international visitors annually, as of 2011. In 2011, Prague was the sixth-most-visited city in Europe. Prague ranked fifth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2014. | http://jointmeeting2015.espu.org/meeting-information/about-prague-and-czech-republic.html |
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The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) is given to enlistees to assess their mental capabilities and to determine what kind of military jobs and training they will receive by the U.S. Armed Services. There are two ASVAB math subtests: Arithmetic Reasoning and Mathematics Knowledge. The Arithmetic Reasoning test presents real-life problems to solve and also tests reading comprehension. The Mathematics Knowledge test measures the ability to solve general math questions.
To score well on the ASVAB math test, it's important to find a quiet place to study and establish a regular study schedule that gives you sufficient time to prepare. Next, find the study guides and online practice tests that focus on the math portions of the ASVAB. Remember to reward yourself for completing study guide sections and meeting your study schedule. Be sure to let friends and family know when you'll be studying to minimize interruptions and distractions.
Rather than focusing on getting the right answer every time when taking practice tests, notice what types of questions come up most often, which skills are being tested, and how the questions are phrased. Allow plenty of time to focus on those areas where you are weak, which can be determined by taking the practice tests and assessing your scores. Games that require fast, logical thinking can also be a good technique. Learn to skip over the questions on which you are most puzzled, coming back to them as time permits.
When taking the ASVAB math test, read each question and possible answer carefully, eliminating the obviously wrong answers first. Keep in mind that your score is based on correct answers. Wrong answers do not lower your score, so try to answer as many questions as possible. On math word problems, learn how to disregard the irrelevant details and words, focusing on the essential information needed to solve the question. On challenging equations, try plugging the possible answers in to find the right one.
There are a number of specific math skills that will help you score well on the ASVAB math tests. Focus on memorizing the sequence of operations needed to solve specific problems. When solving multi-step problems, solve the expressions in parentheses first, then deal with the exponents. Steps that involve multiplication or division are done next, followed by addition and subtraction. An easy mnemonic device to remember this is, "Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally," where the first letter of each word stands for the operations in order: Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction.
There are several other hints that will help you to prepare for the ASVAB math test. Memorizing the most common math formulas is an essential tool. You should know how to calculate the area, perimeter, and diagonal of squares and rectangles. Other formulas to memorize include those that establish the diameter, circumference, area, and volume of various objects and geometric shapes.
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I was in JROTC in high school and took the ASVAB, but for the life of me, I don't remember the math part that clearly. I remember one portion of the test was all addition and subtraction facts, but that, apparently, was to test one's filing skills.
Mostly, I recall the ASVAB was an interesting way to fill a day and to get out of class, but the results that said I would be excellent in filing and clerical work weren't sufficient to induce me to join the military.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK! | https://www.wisegeek.com/how-do-i-score-well-on-asvab-math.htm |
Going to therapy is a lot like getting a teeth cleaning: it’s really not that big of a deal, and you should probably make an appointment every six months whether you think you need it or not. Combine that with regular, daily maintenance and you can mostly avoid major breakdowns or root canals. I have never missed a teeth cleaning, I show up every six months, no matter what, and haven’t had a cavity in over 20 years. I cannot say the same for regularly taking charge of my mental and emotional health, however. It can feel very uncomfortable to allow a trained, medical professional to root around in your subconscious and memory, asking difficult questions, poking a little here, scraping away a little there. The truth is, we all could probably benefit from a little cleaning and polishing, and a regular maintenance plan to keep the icky build-up at bay. By doing the little things every day we catch any issues while they are still small instead of waiting for something to fester, rot, or decay before addressing the problem. And no, I’m no longer talking about teeth.
Okay, so we agree that regular check-ups are important. Where do you begin? How do you start the process of better communication and learning how to be assertive instead of a doormat? Better question, how do you come to truly understand how being assertive is a positive and healthy thing, despite a culture that often tells you otherwise?
In her new book, The Assertiveness Guide for Women: How to Communicate Your Needs, Set Healthy Boundaries & Transform Your Relationships, Julie de Azevedo Hanks spells out some basics of emotional self-care and improvement without getting all textbooky or preachy about it. Hanks talks specifically about how and why we behave certain ways in our primary relationships, and she goes chapter-by-chapter through identifying, correcting, and maximizing Self-Reflection, Self-Awareness, Self-Soothing, Self-Expression, and Self-Expansion in order to become assertive and confident in our behaviors and thinking. Her book covers a lot of ground, but with numerous case studies and personal examples it doesn’t feel overwhelming. She has some easy-to-remember metaphors and illustrations for the reader to start practicing better communication and more mindful practices, whether that is with friends, or family, our children, or parents, or a significant other.
After a tumultuous childhood and a truly horrific (and thankfully brief) marriage and divorce, I spent most of my early twenties with weekly visits to Dr. Nancy, my kind and firm therapist. I had weekly homework and reading assignments and we spent hours and hours trying to piece my life back together. I wanted desperately to feel whole again, and I went into therapy with arms and heart wide open, ready to accept all of it if the trade-off was feeling like myself again. I learned about being clear and direct in my communication style; I learned about listening and responding with empathy and compassion; I learned how “I feel” statements instead of “you are” statements; I learned about how to realign my thinking to better reflect who I am: a daughter of God and a force to be reckoned with. Honestly, I think our “blank slate” personalities know as much, it’s through ten million tiny (or not so tiny) negative interactions throughout our lives that we start to doubt, and fear, and self-censor, and quiet the inner voices that tell us we’re awesome. (Have you talked to a three-year-old lately about how great they think they are? My queendom for a little bit of that unselfconscious confidence!)
Much of Hanks’ book details some of the basics self-awareness and self-care practices I learned to recognize while I was therapy. Her conversational style and anecdotes from her own family make it feel like you are curled up in cozy armchairs with a friend, fingers wrapped around mugs of (herbal) tea, listening to her tell you something she’s learned that really helped her out. Hanks details three overarching communication styles: the passive Doormat (gets walked over), the aggressive Sword (will run you through without thinking twice), and the healthily assertive Lantern (brings clarity and illumination to the situation at hand). In the last 15-ish years, my communication style has changed drastically. I was a Doormat for a long time, until I refused to be stomped on any more. And then I was ferociously Sword-like, unwilling to bend for anyone. By learning more about myself and about healthy ways to communicate, I finally figured out how to be a Lantern. (Although, I’ll be honest, when I get feisty/frustrated/defensive that trusty Sword is still right there, waiting for me.) “The Assertiveness Guide for Women” is a really great guide for anyone wanting to learn how take control of their lives in a positive way, improve their relationships, and all the while learning to be healthy and assertive, instead of persist in less-healthy habits. | http://aspiringmormonwomen.org/2016/11/28/book-review-the-assertiveness-guide-for-women/ |
About non-users of technologies
Most of the research about people in HCI and interaction design focuses on technology usage. This is all good and there are lot of things to get from such studies. However, it's also important to take this issue the other way around: non-usage of technologies is relevant as well. Researchers in STS (Science Technology Society) and HCI tackle this issue as shown in the book by Pinch and Oudshoorn which introductory chapter is entitled "how users and non-users matter". Earlier work in computer sciences and HCI have also considered non-usage to understand limits and acceptance problem, to a point where anxious engineers and tech researchers looked at "non-users" in terms of "potential users" A recent article by Christine Satchell and Paul Dourish also deal with this topic (at the upcoming OZChi conference in November). More specifically, they are interested in "aspects of not using computers, what not using them might mean", and what researchers/designers might learn by examining non-use as seriously as they examine use.
The article sets off to go beyond the narrow and reductionist vision of the "user". It clearly acknowledge the notion of "user" as "a discursive formation rather than a natural fact" and "examine use and non-use as aspects of a single broader continuum". Which approach is somewhat different from earlier work. The main point of the authors consists in highlighting that "interaction reaches beyond 'use'". What this means is simply that the experience of technology per se may be shaped and influenced by elements that are outside or beyond specific circumstances of 'use'". This is an highly interesting point that is very difficult to address, especially with certain peeps who think that the UX is solely shaped by the technology itself (not to mention the good folk who told me once that what "users" are looking for is "simple enough algorithm").
The meat of this paper also lies in the description of six forms of non-use:
- Lagging adoption: non-users are often defined "with respect to some expected pattern of technology adoption and diffusion" [the 4 Pasta and Vinegar readers may have recognized here the notion of s-curves]. The problem is that this view tells nothing about "who do not use technology, but rather about people who do not use technology yet.". As if technological usage was inevitable and "non-use" a temporary condition.
- Active resistance: "not simply a failure to adopt – i.e., an absence of action – but rather, a positive effort to resist a technology". This can take various forms such as infrastructure resistance (home-schooling, people who live "off the grid").
- Disenchantment: "this often manifests itself as a focus on the inherently inauthentic nature of technology and technologically-mediated interaction, with a nostalgic invocation of the way things were", which may be an appeal to a "way we never were",
- Disenfranchisement: "may take many different forms. Interest in universal accessibility has largely focused on physical and cognitive impairments as sources of technological disenfranchisement, but it may also have its origins in economic, social, infrastructural, geographical, and other sources."
- Displacement: some kind of repurposed usage of the artifact that make it difficult to understand who is really the user.
- Disinterest: "when the topics that we want to investigate are those that turn out not to be of significant relevance to a broader population"
And the conclusion gives insightful arguments about how this may influence design:
"From the perspective of system developers, a utilitarian morality governs technology use. The good user is one who adopts the systems we design and uses them as we envisioned (Redmiles et al., 2005). Similarly, the bad or problematic user is the one who does not embrace the system or device. (...) what we have tried to show here is that non-use is not an absence or a gap; it is not negative space. Non-use is, often, active, meaningful, motivated, considered, structured, specific, nuanced, directed, and productive."
Why do I blog this? Non-usage of technologies is a topic that has always attracted me, and it's perhaps related to my interest in product failures. The typology proposed here as well as the discussion of "non-users" is of great important IMO to understand technologies. | http://www.nicolasnova.net/pasta-and-vinegar/2009/09/10/about-non-use-of-technologies |
Lily Ray is the SEO Director at Path Interactive, an award-winning, New York-based digital agency. She’s spent a decade helping tech companies and startups maximise their SEO capabilities. In 2017, Lily was nominated by Search Engine Land for Female Search Marketer of the Year. Her insights are highly regarded and she continues to be a leading voice in the SEO community through her speaking engagements and contributions to major digital marketing publications. | https://www.globallyspeakingradio.com/guests/lily-ray/ |
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the United States, affecting 5.7 million Americans, yet no treatments exist. Early-onset AD is most commonly caused by familial mutations of presenilins, the catalytic subunit of the protease g-secretase. Mutated ?-secretase cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and releases toxic b-amyloid peptides associated with synapse loss. However, ?-secretase may also contribute to synaptic dysfunction in AD through mechanisms beyond APP processing. While ?-secretase contributes to AD pathology, its broader physiological roles in maintaining the proper functioning of human synapses is poorly understood. Evidence from non-neuronal cells and murine models suggest that ?-secretase may process over 90 transmembrane proteins, including synaptic signaling, scaffolding, and adhesion proteins. A knowledge gap exists on how ?-secretase maintains the proper functioning of healthy synapses in human neurons, which can further inform pathoetiologies of AD. The overall objective of this proposal is to examine in human neurons how ?-secretase regulates biochemical, morphological, and functional features of synapses, with and without chronic activity modulation. Preliminary work in human neurons validates that ?-secretase is required for b-amyloid production and cleavage of full-length APP and Neurexin (Nrxn) proteins. Early results show that ?-secretase is necessary for regulating key presynaptic and postsynaptic protein levels, as well as the number of synapses.
Aim 1 will characterize the role of ?-secretase in regulating neuronal protein composition, synapse formation, and synaptic transmission to better understand its functions at human synapses. We hypothesize that ?- secretase is needed for maintaining synaptic integrity, through the processing of presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins.
Aim 2 will determine how ?-secretase modulates synapses in response to chronic increases or decreases of neural activity. As other proteases have activity-dependent regulation, we hypothesize that ?- secretase regulates synaptic protein composition and synaptic transmission following chronic modulation. Understanding the role of ?-secretase at healthy synapses will provide insight into the physiological synaptic processes regulated by this protease, which will advance our understanding of the normal aging brain and AD pathology. The proposed project will establish the neuronal roles of ?-secretase in a human neuron-specific manner. Further, it will reveal the function of ?-secretase in modulating synaptic activity. Greater insight into proteolytic activity in human neurons will elucidate candidate pathways and potential therapeutic targets for AD.
There are 5.7 million Americans suffering from Alzheimer?s Disease (AD), and an estimated 14 million individuals will be afflicted by 2050 (Alz.org). Early-onset AD is most often caused by mutations in subunits of ?-secretase; however, the connection between ?-secretase activity, synaptic impairments, and neurodegeneration is unclear. This project will study the mechanisms by which ?-secretase regulates neuronal physiology and synaptic transmission, using the novel technique of human induced neural cells. | https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/F30-AG064819-02 |
Carved Natural Jade Round Shape Chinese Fortune Pendant n482S
This beautiful round shape jade pendant is carved from natural untreated jade, the motif of this pendant is Chinese word surrounder with ancient money.
Jade is believed to have a protective function ( against the bad fortune ) in the Chinese culture. It is a nice meaningful gift for friends or loved ones. | https://www.goldenlotusantique.com/collections/statue/products/carved-natural-jade-dragon-flying-on-luyi-ocean-wave-pendant-n482s |
By Aidan Payne. Kitchen Design. Published at Saturday, February 17th, 2018 - 22:58:06 PM.
VERTICAL SPACE. You should also consider what size and shape the room will be from a vertical standpoint as well. If it is possible to increase the height of the room by raising, eliminating or altering an existing low ceiling or soffit, you should seriously consider taking advantage of this option. The additional height will provide more cabinet storage from the increased height of wall cabinets and the room will become more voluminous which is always more visually impressive and comfortable. From a construction standpoint, the load-bearing issues will apply to increasing the room height just as it applies to moving or eliminating walls. Of course, in dealing with all of these design and construction issues and decisions that need to be made, you will not be alone. Your designer will be the pivotal person who will help you evaluate the choices you have available. He or she will produce drawings in order to visually demonstrate these options and will offer advice on which options are best and why.
REMAINING ISSUES. The planning process will continue until every aspect of the total kitchen design is selected and specified. However, once you have established your footprint and vertical space, how you want to utilize your kitchen, how and where you want to eat, and your design motif, you are more than half way there. The planning process continues, on a smaller scale, as you are making more decisions about all of the items and issues that make up a total kitchen design. Examples: Do you often make spaghetti and pasta, which requires filling a large pot with about four to six quarts of water? If so, you should have a pot-filler over the cook top or range top. Since there are only two of you and it takes a long time to fill up the dishwasher before you can wash the dishes, you should consider a two drawer dishwasher which enables you to wash one drawer at a time, thereby saving energy and providing you with clean dishes more often. Do you prefer an air switch in the countertop for the disposal or do you want the switch to be on the backsplash? Do you want a garbage disposal in the prep sink as well as the main sink? Do you want soft close on your cabinet drawers? Do you like the idea of pendant lighting above the island? Do you want a filtered water system? The questions go on and on!
CONCLUSION. I trust that by reading this article, you now have an appreciation of how important careful planning is to the successful design of your kitchen. The more thought and quality time you devote to it, the better prepared you will be when you begin with your designer and the process will become easier and more efficient, which everyone involved will greatly appreciate. Once you have made most of these macro-decisions that I have mentioned, you will be ready to tackle the micro-decisions that are coming next. As you can see by the examples I have mentioned and the listing of categories above, you have a lot more planning to do, but remember you are now over half way there. Be strong and resolute and I am sure that you will get through the entire process virtually unscathed. And, if you are thoughtful, organized and work in the spirit of mutual cooperation, you will probably have some fun too! Remember that not all of this is on your shoulders. Your professional designer will be by your side for the whole trip.
Modular designs for your kitchen aim at keeping the kitchen clutter free. Therefore, it incorporates an efficient cooking range, which has multiple burners. This also explains why shutters and pull out drawers are incorporated into the design. The shutters and pull out units are very convenient. Individuals use them to place their including crockery. The adjustable shelves are designed with handles to enable individuals open and close them in a jiffy. In addition, they are easy to maintain, as they are made from durable materials. At times, the modular kitchen designs add a sophisticated edge to the kitchen decor. Glass shutters are used to adorn the beauty of kitchen cabinets (pull out units), which are ideally placed at corners. On the same hand, most counter tops are made from granite to invigorate their sturdiness, durability and stylish outlook. On the other hand, most modular kitchens have laminate and wooden floors, though it is not rare to come across ceramic tile floors.
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SANF 21 no 50
The nexus between energy and gender is critical in advancing the uptake of renewable energy in Africa and the rest of the global community.
In this regard, it is important for policymakers and energy experts to mainstream gender in all renewable energy initiatives, as well as share experiences.
This is in light of the fact that most renewable energy initiatives tend to overlook gender issues and assume that all energy challenges and solutions impact men and women in a similar way.
For example, women face numerous challenges in accessing renewable energy products and technologies because of availability and the prohibitive start-up cost of installing such equipment.
As a result, they lose appreciation of renewable energy technologies, thus affecting the levels and rate at which countries embrace and increase uptake of renewables.
Furthermore, lack of access of renewable energy products and technologies force many women to walk long distances to collect firewood, which is usually heavy, compromising their health and wellbeing.
It is against this background that the Southern African Research and Documentation Centre (SARDC) is organizing a virtual conference where stakeholders can share experiences of gender and renewable energy innovations.
The two-day conference scheduled for 10-11 November aims to provide an opportunity for stakeholders in the renewable energy sector to discuss success stories, innovations, experiences, challenges, lessons learned and how to carry them forward.
The sharing of such information is critical because when gender is mainstreamed in energy development, the increased uptake of renewable energy initiatives and technologies have the capacity to address and improve the lives of women.
According to the draft agenda, the keynote address to the “Virtual Conference on Sharing Experiences of Gender and Renewable Energy Innovations” will be delivered by the Deputy Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy of South Africa, Dr Nobuhle Nkabane.
Other keynote addresses will be done by the SADC Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (SACREEE), the East African Centre of Excellence for Renewable Energy and Efficiency (EACREEE), as well as Austrian Development Agency (ADA).
SACREEE is responsible for spearheading the promotion of renewable energy development in southern Africa, while EACREEE focusses on east Africa.
ADA is an important partner in east and southern Africa as it funds and supports numerous energy and renewable energy projects in the region.
The SARDC – organizers of this conference — is a regional knowledge resource centre that focuses on policy issues in southern Africa and undertakes research that informs development.
In addition to these keynote addresses, a number of presentations will be made by partners and various organizations on some of the work they are doing on gender and renewable energy innovations.
Various topics will form the main discussions and these include the renewable energy value chain — both the demand side and supply side — as well as infrastructure and financing and energy planning and management.
These important discussions will be accessible to participants in three SADC official languages of English, French and Portuguese and participants are welcomed to join the conference using the link below.
https://zoom.us/j/97600160836?pwd=dnZUKzJ1dHhIZmVWbVduVGNoQ0Jxdz09
Southern African News Features offers a reliable source of regional information and analysis on the Southern African Development Community, and is provided as a service to the SADC region.
This article may be reproduced with credit to the author and publisher. | https://www.sardc.net/en/southern-african-news-features/towards-gender-and-renewable-energy-innovations/ |
Paul Gauguin’s “Agony in the Garden” was painted in 1889 at a pivotal point in his career, while living among the peasants in Le Pouldu, Brittany. The piece is displayed upon the works of other European painters and is painted in oil on canvas, measuring 28 by 36 inches. Paul Gauguin’s pieces can be refereed to the paintings of Post Impressionist’s. Not satisfied with the spontaneous painting of the Impressionist’s, Post Impressionist’s returned to careful compositions, the deliberate arranging of colors as well as forms. Unquestionably one of Gauguin’s masterpieces, Agony in the Garden, shows his close tie with Christianity, a belief many thought was inexistent in his life, and his superb use of color demonstrates his bold artistic innovations, which served to heighten symbolic and emotional impact in many of his paintings.
What is interesting in itself is the direct use of the title “Agony in the Garden”, with numerous precedents in the history of art; the theme of agony in the garden typically represents Christ after the Last Supper and immediately before his betrayal by Judas Iscariot and his arrest by the Roman soldiers in the Garden of Gethsemane. (1) “Agony” (from the Greek agon, or conflict) refers to the struggle within Christ as he grapples with the divine and the human sides of his nature. (1) Here we find Gauguin’s further use of symbolism as the work itself depicts his own self-portrait in the form of the figure Christ. This seems to personalize the grief and suffering of the Son of God to his own self. Like Christ, who was betrayed by his disciples, Gauguin felt his efforts as an artist were unappreciated by the world.
He even wrote ” That’s my portrait I’ve done there…but it also goes to represent the crushing of an ideal, a sadness as divine as human, Jesus abandoned by everybody, his disciples are leaving him, a scenario as sad as his own soul. (2) Gauguin always sought out faraway places, uncontaminated by civilization, this grew in part with his ideas of society and in his constant approach to rid himself of the influences of normal civilizations, abandoning in his own way his own reality that was suffocating him. By comparing himself to Christ Gauguin presents himself as a tragic hero, a martyr to his own art. The figure itself exaggerates its every form of symbolic reason.
Gauguin painted Agony in the Garden soon after his return visit from seeing his friend Vincent van Gogh. Looking at this painting one can observe the influence of Vincent van Gogh’s colors. For example in this composition he used strikingly bold orange in his hair, mustache, and beard, which resembles the colors of Vincent’s persona. That same orange is tactfully and strategically used through out the whole composition. The usage of the same orange through the path, that Judas leads the soldier to arrest Christ, takes us to the background that gives us the perspective and depth to the piece. In the background the orange is placed against the horizon line of blues and greens, which takes us to the illuminating light at the center of the background. This light takes our eyes to the main figure of Christ looming in the large left hand side of the foreground. Color began to inspire many artists in this point of the century.
This was also the very beginning Gauguin’s usage of orange, which he continued to use through out his life in many of his paintings. One can notice his skillful mastery of the paint palette. The usage of the blue and orange found throughout the painting compliment each other in a very harmonious way. Gauguin himself said that his use of complementary colors was ” analogous to Oriental chants sung in a shrill voice.” (3) The drama of the Christ figure is surrounded by the deep darkness of the blacks and browns. There is also a usage of silvery white in the mysterious object that the Christ figure holds in his hands. Is it a letter or is it a piece of clothe?
One will never know. That same silvery white color can be seen underneath the trees in the very background, capturing the movement of the shrubbery and the moonlight that shimmers across the scene. By using the dominant blue-green shades they seem to impart a melancholy, somber feeling that relates within the subjects suffering betrayal of his disciples. Since blue is also a color that is rarely produced in the natural world, it has been commonly associated with spirituality, wisdom, and the afterlife. Painters and designers have long known that blue can be used to create an increased sense of depth. (4)
In this painting we can also see Gauguin’s use of strongly marked outlines and verticals, exemplifying the characteristic techniques of the period, through his life just before his departure for Tahiti. In this dramatic painting the artist focused on the Christ figure in a landscape, by using the vertical brush strokes. The placement of the trees take us to the focal point of Christ’s head, while the diagonal lines give us a dynamic sense of movement. The artist uses the approach of vertical line which emphasis contours and edges of other objects.
Inspired by Japanese prints, he uses bold compositional techniques, a full somewhat off centre composition, which is split in half by the vertical tree that was placed in the middle of the canvas. If one were to cut this painting in half you could have two independent paintings, yet they were masterfully brought together to form a very close, involved, and tight composition. In some of Gauguin’s later work, he abandoned perspective, but in this piece the perspective is greatly diminished; forms are flattened and defined by outlines. The composition is asymmetrical but the figures harmoniously relate to one another. Through his perspective, in which Gauguin captured Judas and the soldier walking towards Christ, he truly captures the betrayal that was made upon this larger than life figure of Christ.
Gauguin’s objective was to go beyond the sensory limits of Impressionism with the avowed intention of seeking (suggestion rather than description), shifting attention from the physical world to that of the mind. (5) My attraction to this particular piece was the artists’ choice in colors that depict an immense feeling, felt throughout the entire composition. The way Paul Gauguin chose the colors of Christ’s face depicts his sorrow, sadness, and acceptances. The black color he used on Judas and the soldier’s clothing gives you a feeling of the tragedy, darkness, and depiction of the moment. Although this was a tragic moment for Christ, Gauguin was able to still capture the serenity and tranquility of the nightly landscape. Gauguin’s knowledge of color and symbolic usage created a beautiful masterpiece for all to experience on many levels. Whether you connect with the piece religiously, spiritually, or just for mere pleasure, it is a beautiful painting capturing a painful betrayal in life.
Works Cited:
(1) Hall, James. Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols. New York: Harper and Row, 1974. pg.11
(2) Huret, Jules. Paul Gauguin devant ses tableaux . De Paris, 1891. pg.256
(3) Barnet, Sylvan. A Short Guide to Writing about Art 7th edition. NY Longman
Publishers, 2003. pg.35
(4) Laff, Janice. “The meaning of blue.” E-mail to Jeanette Gonzalez. Fall 2005.
(5) Zuffi, Stefano. Dictionary of Painters From A to Z. New York: Barnes And Noble , 2004. | https://blablawriting.net/paul-gauguin-agony-in-the-garden-essay |
Florida: After several reschedules, Artemis I was launched from the Kennedy Space Centre in Florida by NASA on Wednesday.
The Artemis I is the first integrated test of NASA’s deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the ground systems at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
The first in a series of increasingly complex missions, Artemis I is an uncrewed flight test that will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration and demonstrate our commitment and capability to return humans to the Moon and extend beyond.
The Mission Duration in accurate time is 25 days, 11 hours, 36 minutes destined to the distant retrograde orbit around the Moon.
It will cover approximately 1.3 million miles (2.1 million kilometres) during the mission.
During this flight, Orion will launch atop the most powerful rocket in the world and fly farther than any spacecraft built for humans has ever flown. Over the course of the mission, it will travel 280,000 miles (450,000 kilometres) from Earth and 40,000 miles (64,000 kilometres) beyond the far side of the Moon.
Orion will stay in space longer than any human spacecraft has without docking to a space station and return home faster and hotter than ever before.
This first Artemis mission will demonstrate the performance of both Orion and the SLS rocket and test our capabilities to orbit the Moon and return to Earth. The flight will pave the way for future missions to the lunar vicinity, including landing the first woman and first person of colour on the surface of the Moon.
With Artemis I, NASA sets the stage for human exploration into deep space, where astronauts will build and begin testing the systems near the Moon needed for lunar surface missions and exploration to other destinations farther from Earth, including Mars. With Artemis, NASA will collaborate with industry and international partners to establish long-term exploration for the first time.
Launch
SLS and Orion will blast off from Launch Pad 39B at NASA’s modernized spaceport at Kennedy. Propelled by a pair of five-segment boosters and four RS-25 engines, the rocket will reach the period of greatest atmospheric force within 90 seconds. The solid rocket boosters will burn through their propellant and separate after approximately two minutes, and the core stage and RS-25s will deplete propellant after approximately eight minutes. After jettisoning the boosters, service module panels, and launch abort system, the core stage engines will shut down and the core stage will separate from the spacecraft, leaving Orion attached to the interim cryogenic propulsion stage (ICPS) that will propel it toward the Moon.
In Space
Orion will separate from the ICPS approximately two hours after launch. The ICPS will then deploy ten small satellites, known as CubeSats, along the way to study the Moon or head father out to deep space destinations. As Orion continues on its path from Earth orbit to the Moon, it will be propelled by a service module provided by ESA (European Space Agency) that will course-correct as needed along the way. The service module supplies the spacecraft’s main propulsion system and power.
The outbound trip to the Moon will take several days, during which time engineers will evaluate the spacecraft’s systems. Orion will fly about 60 miles (97 kilometres) above the surface of the Moon at its closest approach, and then use the Moon’s gravitational force to propel Orion into a distant retrograde orbit, travelling about 40,000 miles (64,000 kilometres) past the Moon. This distance is 30,000 miles (48,000 kilometres) farther than the previous record set during Apollo 13 and the farthest in space any spacecraft built for humans has flown.
For its return trip to Earth, Orion will get another gravity assist from the Moon as it does a second close flyby, firing engines at precisely the right time to harness the Moon’s gravity and accelerate back toward Earth, setting itself on a trajectory to re-enter our planet’s atmosphere.
Landing
The mission will end with a test of Orion’s capability to return safely to Earth. Orion will enter Earth’s atmosphere travelling at about 25,000 mph (40,000 kph). Earth’s atmosphere will slow the spacecraft down to a speed of about 300 mph (480 kph), producing temperatures of approximately 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2,800 degrees Celsius) and testing the heat shield’s performance.
Once the spacecraft has passed this extreme heating phase of flight, the forward bay cover that protects its parachutes will be jettisoned. Orion’s two drogue parachutes deploy first, at 25,000 feet (7,600 meters), and within a minute slow Orion to about 100 mph (160 kph) before being released. They are followed by three pilot parachutes that pull out the three main parachutes which will slow Orion’s descent to less than 20 mph (32 kph). The spacecraft will make a precise landing within the eyesight of the recovery ship off the coast of San Diego.
Recovery Operations
The Landing and Recovery Team, led by NASA’s Exploration Ground Systems program at Kennedy, will be responsible for safely recovering the capsule after splashdown. The interagency landing and recovery team consist of personnel and assets from the U.S. Department of Defense, including Navy amphibious specialists and Air Force weather specialists, and engineers and technicians from Kennedy, Johnson Space Center in Houston, and Lockheed Martin Space Operations.
Before splashdown, the team will head out to sea on a Navy ship. At the direction of the NASA Recovery Director, Navy divers and other team members in several inflatable boats will be cleared to approach Orion. Divers will then attach a cable to the spacecraft and pull it by winch into a specially designed cradle inside the ship’s well deck. The vessel will transport the spacecraft and other hardware to a pier at U.S. Naval Base San Diego for transport to Kennedy.
Open water personnel will also work to recover Orion’s forward bay cover and three main parachutes. If teams are able to recover the jettisoned cover and parachutes, engineers will inspect the hardware and gather additional performance data. | https://nenow.in/world/after-50-years-of-apollo-nasas-artemis-i-heads-to-the-moon.html |
What are oranges? About the ingredient oranges. Including 702 recipes with oranges, nutrition data, and where to find it.
Oranges are usually found in the produce section or aisle of the grocery store or supermarket.
Oranges are a member of the Fruits and Fruit Juices USDA nutritional food group.
|measure||grams|
|1 cup sections, without membranes||185|
|1 fruit (2-5/8" dia)||141|
|1 fruit (2-11/16" diam)||151|
|In Chinese:||桔子|
|British (UK) term:||Oranges|
|en français:||oranges|
|en español:||naranjas|
There are 709 recipes that contain this ingredient.
|Usda nutrition data||about 8 years ago|
Created: Last updated:
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Not a member?
Join now for FREE! | https://recipeland.com/ingredients/oranges-8145 |
Welcome to WallStreetJournalCrossword.com
WSJ has one of the best crosswords we've got our hands to and definitely our daily go to puzzle.
We're two big fans of this puzzle and having solved Wall Street's crosswords for almost a decade now we consider ourselves very knowledgeable on this one so we decided to create a blog where we post the solutions to every clue, every day.
On this page you will find the solution to Geographical direction suffix crossword clue. This clue was last seen on LA Times, December 9 2019 Crossword.
In case the clue doesn’t fit or there’s something wrong please contact us!
SOLUTION: ERN
Done with Geographical direction suffix? Go back and see the other crossword clues for LA Times December 9 2019. | https://www.wallstreetjournalcrossword.com/geographical-direction-suffix/ |
Our client, one of HK’s largest Blue-Chip Enterprises, is currently looking for a seasoned and experienced Program Manager who will lead the planning, delivery, and implementation of a large scale, multi-million-dollar Data Warehouse, Data Lake and new BI and analytics capabilities.
The ideal candidate would be someone with proven experience in large-scale program/project delivery within a large enterprise and has demonstrable experience of implementing data warehouses/data lakes from conception to final delivery.
Responsibilities:
- Oversee the overall IT development and implementation for system integration with IT dependent systems according to the project scope and timeline
- Be responsible for building use cases and strong business plan for senior stakeholder budget sign-off
- Play a key role in the identification and selection of appropriate vendors
- Ensure that the projects are broken down into clear milestones (requirements gathering, system development schedule, deployment, testing)
- Plan, organize and control projects in order to deliver required quality business solutions within agreed timescales and budget
- Create and manage IT project plan, costs, and resources
- Oversee the SDLC, ensuring all major milestones are managed and adhered to
- Manage project stakeholders effectively through appropriate matrix management
- Put together reporting packs for C-Level stakeholders
- Keep track of deadlines, deliverables, resources, and timelines
- Identify, manage, and track project dependencies
- Ensure all project commitments are met and reports on progress in accordance with IT PMO requirements
- Manages project risks and issues throughout the project
- Ensures appropriate change management processes are implemented
Required Skills for the Role: | https://www.mainstayasia.com/job/program-manager-large-scale-data-transformation/ |
The Matrix, the first episode, was a fun movie. But a description for reality? Please.
And yet, some of our most prominent scientific and tech thinkers seriously propose we are living in a computer program. From the BBC story:
The idea that we live in a simulation has some high-profile advocates.
In June 2016, technology entrepreneur Elon Musk assertedthat the odds are “a billion to one” against us living in “base reality”.
Similarly, Google’s machine-intelligence guru Ray Kurzweil has suggested that “maybe our whole universe is a science experiment of some junior high-school student in another universe”.
Far be it from me to question such rich and influential thinkers, but really? Where’s the evidence?
The idea isn’t just promoted by technologists:
Cosmologist Alan Guth of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US has suggested that our entire Universe might be real yet still a kind of lab experiment. The idea is that our Universe was created by some super-intelligence, much as biologists breed colonies of micro-organisms.
Why think such a thing, the article asks. Well, because…we create sophisticated computer programs, so why not believe we are merely part of one?
Who is to say that before long we will not be able to create computational agents – virtual beings – that show signs of consciousness? Advances in understanding and mapping the brain, as well as the vast computational resources promised by quantum computing, make this more likely by the day…
Is it not likely, then, that some other intelligence elsewhere in the Universe has already reached that point?
Such “virtual beings” would not actually be “beings.” Nor would they actually “think.” We are and do. Accepting this premise would force us to deny the flesh and blood reality of the actual world, to deny all evidence in pursuit of a futuristic fantasy.
But why embrace such a premise seriously? An interesting answer (my emphasis):
Some scientists argue that there are already good reasons to think we are inside a simulation. One is the fact that our Universe looks designed.
The constants of nature, such as the strengths of the fundamental forces, have values that look fine-tuned to make life possible. Even small alterations would mean that atoms were no longer stable, or that stars could not form. Why this is so is one of the deepest mysteries in cosmology.
Oh, oh. When my wonderful colleagues at the Discovery Institute explore the hypothesis that the universe and life are better explained by an intelligent cause than random, purposeless forces, they are screamed at, attacked, and derided ridiculously as somehow “anti-science.”
Unlike previous arguments for intelligent design, Signature in the Cell presents a radical and comprehensive new case, revealing the evidence not merely of individual features of biological complexity but rather of a fundamental constituent of the universe: information.
Ridiculous, right? Back to the BBC story (my emphasis):
“The Universe can be regarded as a giant quantum computer,” says Seth Lloyd of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “If one looks at the ‘guts’ of the Universe – the structure of matter at its smallest scale – then those guts consist of nothing more than [quantum] bits undergoing local, digital operations.”
This gets to the nub of the matter. If reality is just information, then we are no more or less “real” if we are in a simulation or not. In either case, information is all we can be.
Oh.
So, why is the heterodox scientific hypothesis of ID scorned, but this untestable conjecture is treated with all due respect?
I think it is because embracing the Matrix Scenario and the idea of infinite universes allows their propounders to remain materialists in good standing. It is fascinating how important that belief is in some circles.
In any event, what a hoot. But I do think my DI pals are owed a big, fat apology. | |
Browsing SUNY at Fredonia by Subject "Science - Study and teaching (Middle school)."
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
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Middle School Science Teachers' understanding of students' misconceptions of photosynthesis and respiration.Do middle school science teachers accurately identify common misconceptions that students have about photosynthesis and respiration and what do teachers do to address them? Six middle school science teachers from western NY schools were interviewed in order to discover if they knew what misconceptions their students had regarding photosynthesis and respiration and what they did to address these misconceptions. None of the teachers demonstrated a true understanding of what a misconception is. The science certified teachers knew some of their students’ misconceptions in photosynthesis and respiration, but most of the non-science certified teachers did not realize their students had misconceptions in these topics. In addition, the majority of teachers did not have specific instructional strategies to address their students' misconceptions. This study has implications for the preparation of both certified science teachers and elementary teachers responsible for teaching science. | https://soar.suny.edu/handle/20.500.12648/16/browse?type=subject&value=Science+-+Study+and+teaching+%28Middle+school%29. |
This piece of work aims to explore cross-cultural awareness and communication skills as crucial qualities for international manager in nowadays global hospitality and tourism industry. Managers are facing challenging times in managing very diverse workforce in hospitality and tourism industry. This was resulted due to the increasing globalization which aroused continuing growth of world’s market, advancement in telecommunication, increased management availability and flexibility, technological know-how in different parts of the world and many other which encouraged people as a labor to move around the globe.
This essay also objects to provide an extended overview on major importance of cross-cultural and intercultural awareness, knowledge and training strategies as part of IHRM strategy that are foundations of successful long-run current and future international hospitality managers. On the other hand, this essay will also briefly introduce reader to the cost of failure of expatriates to the organization and expatriates personal life. First of all, we should define what International Human Resource (IHRM) is. Literature providea variety of definitions.
Bhattacharyya (2010, p. 241) defines IHRM as “the process of sourcing, allocating, and effectively utilizing human resources in multinational organization”. Author also states that main purpose of IHRM is “to enable companies, very often multinational corporations (MNC’s), to be successful globally”. Stahl & Bjorkman (2006, p. 1) when defining IHRM also includes its importance to MNC’s “definition of IHRM covers a wide range of human resource issues facing MNC’s in different parts of their organizations”.
A slightly different overview brings Torrington (1994:6) where he suggests that ‘In many ways IHRM is simply HRM on a larger scale; the strategic considerations are more complex and the operational units more carried, needing coordination across more barriers’. HRM is defined by Various (2010, p. 115) as “Human Resource management in the recruitment, selection, development, utilization, competsation and motivation of human resource of the organization”. Sims (2007, p. 79) in his work provides main differences between IHRM and domestic HRM.
He states that IHRM “(1) encompasses more functions, (2) has more heterogeneous functions, (3) involves constantly changing perspectives, (4) requires more involvement in employee’s personal lives, (5) is influenced more by external sources, and finally, (6) involves a greater level of risk than typical domestic HRM”. Stolt (2010:3) also suggests that IHRM is far more complex than domestic HRM ‘due to the interaction with different variables like government and regulatory bodies’.
According to the report of World Travel & Tourism Council, 2003 the international travel, tourism and hospitality industries are the world’s largest industries. It is also a foremost employer generating jobs and careers for over 194 million employees worldwide and produced more than $4,5 trillion in 2003 (Graen, 2004). Even though companies and businesses in the industry are relatively small in terms of the amount of employees and usually are independent, there are some major dominating global operators that do influence industry itself by means of brand image, name and service improvements as well as novelty.
The achievements and long-term successful operations of these global businesses very much depend on creating and improving multiple, broadly replicated services around the globe to attract investments and market share (Edgell, 2006; Yu, 1999). Yu (1999) has proposed that hospitality and tourism industries are international by its nature. For that reason, “today’s hospitality managers must be skilled at managing a multi-cultural workforce, responsive to the diversity of their customers and respectful of the local cultures in which their operate” (Pizam, 2005 p. 80).
The globalization of hospitality and tourism enterprises resulted increased interaction with diverse cultural backgrounds customers, employees and investors (Pizam, 2005). In other words, it imitated in personal and professional lives. It is important being aware of essentiality of understanding that everyone is a part of cosmopolitan environment where different traditions, philosophies must be shared and learned by all individuals.
A lot of authors suggest that successful management of complex and diverse workforce results to many advantages like improved performance and success in international markets, including greater capability to fulfill the needs of multi-cultural customers also, it boosts success of decision-making, creativity, organizational flexibility and in some cases even minimizes amount of employee turnover and absenteeism. Moreover, enhances ability to attract foreign high-performance employees or a complex of both local and foreign which depends on the availability of local talent and n business needs.
Finally, third-country nationals can bring not only international outlook into organization but also multilingualism and broad experience (Pizam, 2006; Buhalis, 2003; Yu, 1999; Sparrow, 2009). Therefore, we can say that intercultural knowledge and awareness is understood as being sensitive and attentive that a person shows about diversity of cultures and people representing them and acting in the right way along with it.
In order to develop intercultural knowledge and awareness as well as communication skillfulness there are a few factors that need to be considered and taken into the account. Pizam (2005), Brotherton (2003) and Perkins & Shortland (2006) particularly pay attention to developing abilities to deal with general and specific cultures and state that it is a crucial part of success of international operations in global arena. General cultural knowledge is all about training and considering main cultural knowledge and skills that can be transferable around many other cultures.
While Brotherton (2003) states that applicants that are selected for a managerial position where intercultural interaction is essential part, in order to void cultural shock, should embrace culture-general characteristics and obstacles confronting them in instant training and development program like inform trainees of legislations (e. g. , human rights, labor laws), language training, data (e. g. , demographics), traditions (national days off, national events), history, climate and geography, food and diet norms, cuisine, sex roles, housing, schooling etc.
Intercultural experience and knowledge of applicants should be taken into account as important selection criterion. This paragraph will particularly focus on implications and obstacles confronting western hotel companies and managers entering Russian hospitality industry. These obstacles will include: cultural and legal issues which therefore must be embraced in managerial training and development program and will come with an western management implications where neeeded.
According to Jackson (2002) Russia is placed reasonably high degree for utilitarian involvement (as alongside to loyal involvement), which points out a perceived instrumental relations with one’s organization. Furthermore, Russia is on high degree of their conservatism dimension (as alongside to egalitarian commitment), pointing out possibly a high degree of vertical collectivism, where people have a greater preference to work with others or in groups.
May, Borman Young and Ledgerwood (1998) suggest a great amount of critical matters or difficulties of Russian human resource management that they recommend Western enterprises to pay particular attention when entering Russian business market. First of all, underestimation of the difficulty of a free market, with a tendency to rely on imported solutions. While western managers should persuade development a mix of HRM engaging both free market practices as well as Russian culture.
Second issues raised by Prokhorov (2003) is Russian employees being less committed to the organizations which may result due to the lack of personal responsibility and liability at their workplaces. This is a big cultural challenge for western managers that is needed to overcome. Therefore, Yu (1999) in her work suggests western managers when dealing with eastern post-Soviet workforce mentality to include reward systems, promotions, enhancing employee importance in organization as an important part of a whole entity, which everyone builds and manages.
Prokhorov (2003) mentions about difficult and confusing legal issues which are ‘hardly understood by western management practices’. These include ignorance of health and safety where western companies could take initiative and approach these issues in a holistic way with a company’s prosperity and competitiveness. Moreover, Jackson (2002) states that confusion regarding compensation and benefits systems with a lack of information and benchmarking makes foreign management systems struggle in terms of their day to day operations.
D’Annunzio-Green (2002) in her research on the practice of expatriate managers in Russia says that the efforts by expatriate managers to create and continue keeping up with high service standards were often let down by the dissimilar perceptions of service of the Russian staff. Majority of the employees, mainly those over 30, still tend to behave in a way which was developed dur ing the prior communist-era old-fashioned Soviet system.
Under this structure Russians would never raise any dissatisfaction or criticism about service, no matter how bad it was. As a result, the shortness of a customer orientated service is still noticeable in a great amount of employees. Therefore the author also states that western management style and ways of operating cannot at all times be applied and transferred into the eastern management tourism and hospitality industry, due to conflicting cultural and organizational operational environments.
Researches in hospitality and tourism industries based on managers study of the required skills for the successful international hospitality career points out that it is essential to have variety of communication skills when dealing with people in different cultural environment, as well as above all: self-confidence, cultural sensitivity, industry experience, being flexible and adaptable, tolerant (Bhattacharyya, 2010; Jackson, 2002; Sims, 2007).
Main priority is given to confidence and capability to work in complex, diverse environment with sometimes restricted resources , having knowledge of international protocol, understanding peripeteias of global operations and effectively handle the stress are more considered while technical and functional qualities are at the lowest part of the scale. All these studies have one and the same fact connecting them that being able to adjust in a multi-cultural or cross-cultural environment and having skills to live and manage relations in it with investors, employees, suppliers, society on general etc. s much harder then gaining functional or technical skills in global business arena.
There is variety of confirmation and proofs on expatriate unsuccessful performance. In Bhattacharyya, 2010; Jackson, 2002; Sims, 2007 works adaptability, flexibility, communication skills in cross-cultural environment as well as motivation were mostly advantageous in terms of good expatriate qualities. Pizam (2005) and Sparrow (2009) recognized an obvious connection between sensitive inter-cultural sensitivity and low degree of cultural shock.
One of the most important factors of success of international enterprises is understanding of importance of training. The realization of cross-cultural training will grant a high degree of support to international employees and their families, which will result to increased the efficiency and accomplishment of the assignments to their employers. Training is a very powerful way of granting the success and enhanced development of assignments.
Usually, human resource management plays an important role in overall strategic planning of any business strategy. So therefore cross-cultural training should be also part of a business strategy and treated strategically too. It has a great amount of importance to employees as well as for increasing effectiveness of cross-cultural ability within the international companies. In nowadays increasing globalization it essential to pay particular attention to expatriates cultural awareness and knowledge of diversity that surrounds them.
In order to keep hold of a leading or strong position in a very competitive environment, investment in your own employees can cost success or failure. Businesses should critically consider the advantages of cross-cultural training and huge direct as well as indirect costs of expatriate failure. All in all, the success of the future of international enterprises is in hands of cross-cultural knowledge and awareness. | https://studyhippo.com/essay-training-strategy-for-four-seasons/ |
Yesterday I blogged my Psychotherapy Informed Consent and today I am blogging my Clinical Supervision Contract- for the Online Therapy Institute’s archives, of course. Many of you know I am no longer practicing psychotherapy but this is the contract I use when conducting clinical supervision/consultation. While I am not practicing psychotherapy, I do still offer clinical supervision and I facilitate clinical supervision courses and the Certified Cyber Therapist course.
Clinical Supervision Contract
XXX.XXX.XXXX (voice) XXX.XXX.XXXX (cell) 732.XXX-XXXX (home)
Emergency Contact: If imminent danger of client to self or other, call 911 first! Then contact me at my cell or home number.
INFORMATION AND CONSENT FOR SUPERVISION
This document is designed to inform you about my education background, theoretical orientation and experience as a counseling supervisor, as well as to ensure you understand our professional relationship. Although providing this document is part of an ethical obligation to my profession, more importantly, this document is part of my commitment to you to keep you fully informed of every part of your supervision experience. Please know that our relationship is a collaborative one and I welcome any questions, comments or suggestions at any time.
BACKGROUND
Education: Doctor of Theology in Multifaith Spiritual Direction (D.Th) from SCA University of Theology and Spirituality, Master of Education (M.Ed) in Rehabilitation Counseling from the University of Georgia and a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Mental Health and Human Services from Georgia State University.
License/Certifications: I am a a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the State of New York and a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of New Jersey. I am an Approved Clinical Supervisor, and a Board Certified Telemental Health Provider. I am also credentialed as a coach and hold certificates in several other healing arts modalities.
Experience: I have worked in mental health day-habilitation and job coaching facilities; I have been a therapeutic foster parent; I have provided clinical supervision and oversight for agencies providing services to adults with developmental disabilities; I have co-facilitated groups of survivors of sexual abuse and domestic violence. I have worked with homeless and addicted in formal and informal settings. I have facilitated groups for juveniles in the court system, and have provided numerous forensic evaluations to the courts on behalf of child and family services and private litigation. I obtained many hours of supervision toward my own licensure through my training and affiliation with Prevent Child Abuse Georgia (formerly Georgia Council on Child Abuse). I have held the position of Ethics Chair on two state chapter organizations of the American Counseling Association. I have maintained a face-to-face and online private practice and also contracted with a large EAP conducting online (email) solution focused counseling.
SPECIALTIES AND THEORETICAL ORIENTATION
I have training in family violence with specific skills related to adult survivors of sexual abuse. I have specialized training in the treatment of PTSD and dissociative disorders as well as specialized training in the provision of a variety of evaluations such as child custody, substance abuse and domestic violence. In addition, I have training and experience in developmental disability agency settings with both administrative and clinical management skills. My most specialized skills are related to the provision of online therapy as well as other topics related to the use of technology in mental health, including internet and cybersex addictions and cyberculture. I also specialize in Therapist as Coach ethics as well as integrating alternative healing modalities and spirituality into mental health practice.
My theoretical orientation is primarily based on psychodynamic theory but I utilize solution-focused and other eclectic counseling techniques as well. I pull from other orientations as beneficial and necessary.
SUPERVISORY RELATIONSHIP
The client-therapist relationship as well as the supervisee-supervisor relationship is of critical importance to facilitate growth. Therefore it is very important to me to provide a safe atmosphere for you to ask questions and view therapeutic “mistakes” as invaluable learning experiences.
If you have a particular theoretical orientation that I do not have training or expertise in, I will likely answer questions and facilitate the process from my theoretical orientation and offer referrals to other professionals who may be more able to assist you in developing additional skills apart from my expertise.
Part of my style of supervision involves teaching (didactic model) but part of the process is often experiential. I utilize supervision based models and methods that combine psychodynamic (patient-centered classical) and developmental models.
I provide face-to-face supervision in individual and group settings. I also utilize phone, video, email and synchronous chat as an adjunct to face-to-face as well as a primary supervisory process. All communications are secured on my end via landline phone or encrypted measures. I ask that you do the same to maintain proper levels of security and confidentiality.
I will not participate in any form of sexual contact with you and I will not engage in social interactions which would compromise the supervisor-supervisee relationship.
It is not my intention to delve into any personal issues that may be influencing your professional development. I ask that you let me know immediately if you feel I am crossing any personal boundaries. However, you may wish to consider individual therapy to address any personal issues that are affecting your ability to be objective with your clients. One’s own therapeutic process, I believe, is essential to fully understand the perspective of the client. If at any point you need a referral to a counselor for personal reasons, I will provide you with that information.
As part of my supervisory responsibilities, I will sign off on all your hours and fill out the necessary recommendation forms from state or credentialing bodies, provided those bodies have agreed upon our supervisory plan.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
- Promote the development of the supervisee’s professional competence
- Promote the welfare of clients seen by the supervisee
- Fulfill the requirements toward state licensure if applicable
CONTEXT AND CONTENT/PROCESS
- Individual supervision to meet face-to-face for a total of up to 50 hours per calendar year
- Case consultation and didactic training will be utilized
- Feedback will be provided at each session
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Supervisor
- Encourage ongoing professional education
- Challenge Supervisee to validate approach and techniquest used
- Offer alternative approaches for the supervisee
- Intervene where client welfare is at risk
- Ensure ethical guidelines and professional standards are maintained
- Obtain consultation when necessary
- Appropriately document each session
- Obtain and maintain appropriate liability/malpractice insurance
Supervisee
- Uphold ethical guidelines and professional standards including requirements set forth by the state licensing board
- Discuss client cases with the aid of written case notes or video/audio tapes
- Validate approach and techniques use
- Be open to change and consideration of alternative methods of practice
- Consult supervisor or designated contact person in case of emergency
- Maintain a commitment to counselor education and the counseling profession
- Obtain and maintain appropriate liability/malpractice insurance
Fees will be negotiated based on hourly rate. Fees are posted on my website. Your signature below indicates that you have read this supervision agreement. By signing this consent you also agree to abide by the ethical codes of your credentialing body or state board. | https://www.onlinetherapyinstitute.com/2015/10/23/archives-clinical-supervision-contract/ |
This series of four blog posts provides an update on committee activity relating to the potential impacts of Brexit on environmental and agricultural policy across the UK legislatures. It also explores areas that will have impact on these policy areas including international trade, immigration and any potential changes to devolution settlements.
This series sign-posts to committee inquiries held during the summer and autumn and will cover 1) The National Assembly for Wales, 2) The Scottish Parliament, 3) The House of Commons and 4) The House of Lords (with recognition that Northern Ireland Assembly Committees remain dissolved).
This final post covers the House of Lords and follows the previous article exploring the House of Commons.
UK Parliament- House of Lords
1. The EU Energy and Environment Sub-Committee
Brexit: energy security inquiry
The Brexit: energy security inquiry aims to highlight the issues the UK Government will need to consider when developing a new energy relationship with the EU. On 6 and 13 September the sub-committee held oral evidence sessions in which it explored:
- the reliance of the UK on interconnectors with the EU for secure gas and electricity supplies, and whether these are at risk post-Brexit;
- whether the UK can leave the EU and retain access to the Internal Energy Market;
- how much influence the UK will have over EU energy policy from outside the EU;
- the effect of Brexit on interconnectors between the UK and the island of Ireland; and
- after the UK withdraws from Euratom, could nuclear power plant investments by EU and non-EU countries continue and how would withdrawing impact ownership and management of nuclear waste.
On 25 October the Sub-Committee questioned Richard Harrington, the Minister for Energy and Industry, on the impact of Brexit on energy security. He stated:
As far as security of supply is concerned, I do not believe it will affect it because we have a very well-functioning, competitive and resilient energy system now…
The capacity market, new nuclear, offshore wind and so on have helped a lot to [achieve diversity of supply]. I believe that government intervention generally—I promise I do not make a political point here—with contracts for difference and the capacity market options, for example, has made sure that we are not too dependent on any particular source of supply.
He also told the Sub-Committee that the UK benefits from electricity interconnections with other European countries which ‘is something that we think can deliver benefits in terms of both cost but also security in being part of the larger market.’
The Sub-Committee is now writing its report on the inquiry.
Brexit: farm animal welfare inquiry
The inquiry, which has now concluded, looked at the risks posed by Brexit on animal welfare standards in the UK. On 25 July the Sub-Committee published its report on Brexit: farm animal welfare. Key findings are that:
- the UK currently has some of the highest farm animal welfare standards in the world and there is cross-sector support for maintaining those high standards after Brexit; and
- the greatest threat to farm animal welfare standards post-Brexit would come from UK farmers competing against cheap, imported food from countries that produce to lower standards than the UK. Therefore, the Government’s wish for the UK to become a global leader in free trade is not necessarily compatible with its desire to maintain high animal welfare standards.
Other Committee activity
On 1 November the Sub-Committee questioned Michael Gove, Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. During the meeting he called for the creation of a UK environmental commission to replicate the functions of the European Commission after Brexit. He also said that as the UK leaves the EU, there is a concern that it could trigger ‘a race to the bottom’. However he rejected this would happen with the UK, stating the intent of the EU (Withdrawal) Bill (‘the Withdrawal Bill’) was to ensure that European law was transposed into UK law. However, he admitted that transposing just the law left a ‘governance gap’.
There was further discussion on the Commission-like body in the Environmental Audit Committee (of the House of Commons) session later that day during which Michael Gove could not confirm if such a body would be in place on exit day or that it would be able to impose fines on government. There was discussion as to whether there would be separate protection bodies for the devolved administrations.
2. European Union Committee
Brexit: devolution inquiry
On 19 July the Committee published its inquiry report on Brexit and devolution. The report addresses specific constitutional issues arising from Brexit for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, both individually and collectively. The main conclusions identified in the Committee’s report are the need for:
- collective cross-working amongst the governments of the UK (the report also recognises the need for the UK Government to make operation of the Joint Ministerial Committee (EU Negotiations) (JMC(EN)) more effective); and
- the existing statutory balance of competences between the UK Parliament and the devolved legislatures to, as far as possible, be unchanged.
- The report warns that any attempt to use Brexit to make a power-grab, either to ‘re-reserve’ powers previously devolved, or to claim more devolved powers will risk instability.
Brexit: deal or no deal inquiry
The inquiry, launched on 26 September, is examining the scenarios under which the negotiations might conclude with ‘no deal’ and what the implications (good and bad) would be. It is also looking at transitional arrangements, whether one is necessary and what the key components would be. It is exploring how the UK-EU relationship could be conducted during the transition period and how long the transition period should last.
3. House of Lords Library
The House of Lords Library has a Brexit round-up of the key reports, analysis and debates on Brexit from the Lords.
The Library publishes briefings on Brexit related matters. | https://seneddresearch.blog/2017/11/17/brexit-and-the-environment-a-look-at-how-the-uk-legislatures-committees-are-preparing-part-4-uk-parliament-the-house-of-lords/ |
Some say it’s a sign of hunger or an upset stomach, but regardless of what causes it, we are all familiar with the odd sounds our stomachs can make, anything from a low rumble to a full on growl.
These sounds are perfectly natural though and are just a sign that our bodies are working correctly; but why does our tummy make the noise at all?
The simple sounds of our stomach have quite and elaborate name; these gurgling and rumbling noises are referred to as borborymi. This onomatopoeic word was first coined by the ancient Greeks and quite simply translates as rumbling.
Those rumbling noises we hear come from our digestive system, which stretches from the mouth to the anus can come from the stomach or the small intestine.
The noises are created as food, and other content, move down through the digestive system. Much of the digestive system is like a muscular tube and to pass food along the muscles must move in a certain way.
First a small area of muscles contract, like squeezing a ring around the tube, and this pushes the food and other content a little further along. Then those muscles relax and the muscles in front of them contract and so on, pushing food, liquids and gases down along the system with each contraction.
This muscular movement is called peristalsis. The noises are created by the process of peristalsis.
Although we associate the sounds with an empty stomach they can actually occur at any time. They do however tend to sound louder when our stomach and intestines are empty and there is no content to absorb and muffle the noise. We are therefore more aware of these rumbling, growling and gurgling sounds when they are at their loudest.
So if these sounds are connected with peristalsis why do we also hear them when there is no food in our stomachs?
That is down to something called the Migrating Motor Complex, (MMC), a specific type of electrical pulse that triggers peristalsis in the digestive system.
This is thought to serve a house-keeping function, clearing out any leftover food particles, mucus, bacteria or other debris from the stomach and small intestine.
The MMC response is triggered every 90 to 120 minutes, until the next meal is eaten. It does tend to quieten down a bit while we sleep and then ramps up the activity again when we waken, which is why we often have gurgling tummies in the morning, and why we associate the sound with hunger.
The MMC cycle is broken once we eat food, so that is one of the ways to stop those gurgling noises.
Although some might find the rumbling noises of our stomach and small intestine a little embarrassing, they are a sign of a healthy system. People with a sluggish digestive system and an ineffective MMC might not make as much noise from their stomachs but they can suffer with health issues such as indigestion, abdominal pain and feelings of nausea.
So next time your tummy rumbles, you can take it as a good sign. | https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30931004.html |
NOVEMBER 12, 2021, 2:32 PM
U.S. President Joseph Biden is preparing to fulfill a campaign promise by convening a virtual group of over 100 world leaders in early December for the first-ever “Summit for Democracy.” Nearly a year into his administration, however, the president’s team has already learned that keeping promises can be harder than making them. And from Beijing’s testing of nuclear-capable hypersonic missiles to the rapid fall of Kabul, the last few months have made clear the challenges facing the world’s democracies.
The administration’s commitment to the summit signals a desire for greater democratic unity, as well as the United States’ unique responsibility to rally likeminded nations. Next month’s event cannot be the high-water mark in that campaign—it should be the start of an ambitious effort to demonstrate that democracy works in the 21st century.
The Biden administration has been circumspect about the details. A tentative list of invited countries came out only recently. The agenda—defend against authoritarianism, fight corruption, and promote human rights—is laudable but abstract. A follow-up summit is planned for next year, aimed at reviewing the intervening progress and emphasizing that the December gathering is no one-off. But exactly what the summit aims to achieve remains unclear, as does its longer-run future.
The process used to decide which countries will participate is also unknown. Freedom House labels as free only 83 out of the 210 countries and territories it analyzes, fewer than the number (108) invited to the summit. Of the 63 countries Freedom House labels as partly free, several were included in the summit roster, but many were not. It’s not clear what factors went into that decision, but the dilemmas inherent in it highlight the inevitable tradeoff between inclusion and cohesion. @beijingwalker@siegecrossbow@[email protected] | |
Costumes, Textiles & Jewellery of India explores the beautiful and sophisticated language of traditional Indian Costume, in this detailed study of the complex role played by clothing and ornamentation in Indian society. It focuses on the state of Rajasthan, one of India's most celebrated and historically rich regions. Compiled over more than fifteen years of research, this fascinating volume explores how Indian costume reflects the wearer's marital status, occupation, seasonal changes and religious commitment, serving as an essential symbol of their identity and ancestry. Sumptuously illustrated with dozens of full-color photographs, this is an essential book for all those interested in Indian style as well as those reflecting on the cultural, social, historic and technical aspects of textiles, costumes and ornamentation. | https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nckSAQAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s |
The growing popularity of farmers’ markets, coupled with an increased number of producerelated foodborne outbreaks, highlights the need to ensure proper food handler practices by small produce vendors at these markets to protect farmers, patrons and local economies. The absence of proper food safety practices may increase contamination or microbial growth opportunities in the farmers’ market sector. The purpose of this study was to identify risky food safety practices by produce vendors at Southwest Virginia farmers’ markets, using an observational data collection method. Five farmers’ markets were observed for risky food handling practices via a secret shopper method. Vendors and market managers at three of the observed markets received food safety training delivered through cooperative extension. The vendors and market managers in the remaining two markets did not receive any training. Regardless of training, numerous risky food safety behaviors were observed, including temperature abuse, crosscontamination opportunities, and poor personal hygiene and sanitation. There were no differences in the prevalence of risky food safety practices between trained and non-trained vendors and market managers. The results of this study highlight the need for effective and relevant food safety training and/or interventions with small produce vendors, which can result in vendors using safe food handling practices.
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This link will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center where you can submit a request to reuse IAFP’s content found in our publications. Please note that no part of any publications may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without prior permission from IAFP. | https://www.foodprotection.org/publications/food-protection-trends/archive/2016-05-identification-of-risky-food-safety-practices-at-southwest-virginia-farmers-markets/ |
I am a health psychologist and Senior Research Associate based within the Behavioural Science Group at the University of Cambridge. My primary research interest is in investigating how new technologies, particularly mobile phones, can support smoking-related behaviour change. I currently hold an SSA fellowship that enables me, with colleagues and collaborators, to investigate the potential of mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions to address important gaps in NHS smoking cessation support. This work mainly focuses on impact and implementation evaluations of a tailored text message cessation support system for pregnant smokers (MiQuit), an effectiveness evaluation of a tailored text message cessation support system for use alongside routine NHS smoking cessation support (iQuit in Practice), the feasibility and acceptability of a context aware smartphone sensing app for smoking cessation (Q Sense) and the development of a mobile phone based Nicotine Replacement Therapy adherence support system for pregnant smokers.
Context aware smartphone apps for behaviour change have become a reality due to a rapidly growing smartphone market and the presence of sensors on smartphones as standard. In the field of smoking behaviour, such apps have the potential to address a major gap in treatment: addressing cues from an individual smoker’s environment which bring about cravings to smoke. Such instances are estimated to account for almost half of all smoking lapses. This talk will describe a novel smoking cessation sensing app (Q Sense). Q Sense builds on two theory-guided tailored SMS text message support systems for smoking cessation (MiQuit and iQuit) and combines their existing tailored message libraries with a smartphone sensing system. A core feature of the app is the delivery of real time behavioural support triggered by a smoker’s proximity to a pre-identified high risk location for a cue-induced craving episode, using location sensors in their smartphone and geofencing. The findings from a mixed methods feasibility study (funded by the Medical Research Council and supported by the SSA) will be drawn on to provide insight into smokers’ usage (quantitative) and experiences (qualitative) of the Q Sense app. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of user-initiated data recording, accuracy of the app’s identification of high risk situations (geofences), experiences of geofence triggered support delivery and views on technological and data privacy issues. | https://staging.addiction-ssa.org/knowledge-hub/academic-fellowship-q-sense-a-context-aware-smartphone-sensing-app-for-smoking-cessation/ |
Building Enclosure Commissioning
Today’s buildings take a high level of competence in design of the systems, an integrity and pride in workmanship by contractors, and the coordination of a countless number of trades people, equipment manufacturers, and disciplines. We know that to ensure that systems are performing as intended; all of these aspects should be reviewed by a team of commissioning professionals with a strong background and experience in building design and construction.
We methodically work to provide a method of risk reduction for our client’s capital investments through peer review and collaboration. Our team follows the construction process from pre-design through construction, and final acceptance. This process ensures that building systems meet the design intent, and that the building owner is provided with a facility that meets the initial requirements as outlined in the owner’s project requirements documents, all the while facilitating effective communication between professionals, owners, and contractors.
By incorporating our BECx services at the design stage provides the best way to integrate the process into the construction phase. By providing commissioning and testing specs to the contractor at bid stage, they have access to the BECx requirements and can incorporate the necessary protocols into their construction schedule and budget.
During the design process, we work to ensure that the envelope design details are complete, well-coordinated, and will perform as intended. During construction, we will witness the early construction details of the air and water barriers completed in the mock up and observe testing of the air and water barriers as installed by utilizing air leakage and water intrusion tests. Finally, we will verify that the systems are installed as designed, and that the quality of workmanship is at the level intended. Once the installation is complete, we will observe final whole building air tightness testing and additional testing for water intrusion of the building enclosure systems. | https://www.turnerbuildingscience.com/index.php/commissioning/building-enclosure-commissioning |
Forget about work-life balance – and find your work-life harmony
With more of us working from home for the foreseeable future, many people are struggling with maintaining what has been known as striking the right "work-life balance". Some experts advise that you should strive to set firm boundaries when working from home in terms of the time of day, office-like dress code, location and work setting in the home, and established work routine. Then, after working, closing the door and disconnecting. You could almost think of this as a binary approach; there is work, and then there is life, and they are separate things.
This approach to work-life balance may work well for some, especially those who are attracted to the idea of carrying over and emulating the ways of the traditional office when working from home. It seems there are some universal truths – in general people seem to want to be as productive as possible, meet and exceed the expectations of their job – but also stay sane and serve their family and personal needs in the process. New variations on the theme, like work-life synergy and work-life harmony, have been coined to reflect nuances on how people see work in the context of their life and family.
If you subscribe to the idea that work is something that gets done, as opposed to a time of day or place you go to, then a lot of new flexibility becomes accessible to work-at-home employees. Sure, there are requirements of scheduled meetings, and some have set shifts that are 100% "on" during set times of the day. Beyond that, however, many professionals and knowledge workers can look at how and when they most comfortable, creative, productive and able to thrive in meeting their job requirements. After all, it is about achieving the outcomes and getting things done. For many that are accustomed to home-based working, working whenever and however produces the required results might well be the best approach.
If you follow the topic of work-life balance on various social networks, blog comment feeds and related articles, you will notice some hotly debated points that come up, in particular in the areas of work-life balance vs. work-life harmony and integration.
So, after reviewing some of the passionate and lively online debates, I have paraphrased a few of the more thought-provoking positions, and have offered my own take on the issues.
1. Myth or reality: You should have a specific location, with a door, set up as your home office work location, and faithfully use that in a structured way in order to work effectively from home.
In my opinion, this is not really that important unless there are reasons to isolate yourself within your home environment to avoid chaos from intervening. In fact, during the course of the day, the type of work, the mood you are in – you may well feel more productive and comfortable working where, when, how (and in whatever clothes you feel like) at the time.
2. Myth or reality: You should not let work creep into your “life” – balance and separate them.
This strikes me as a myth, in that (hopefully) your work life and personal life are not so polarized as to be opposing forces in your life, in a win-lose kind of struggle for your time and energy.
Taking a step back, for example, the Buddhist principle of Righteous Living would say that we do for work is an integral part of our life (no matter what that work may be) and work should be in harmony with who we are and what we have to offer.
On the other hand, the ‘balance trumps integration’ argument holds some weight in certain cultures, in that they seek to keep their work and personal family life as separate as possible, even to the extent of legislating the boundaries in public policy. And in some jobs, the blending of time, location and focus that intertwines your work activities with the rest of your life is simply not possible or desirable given the type of work involved.
3. Myth or reality: Work-life harmony and integration can only exist if you really like your job.
Well, there may be some truth to this point, in that a fair number of contributors who clearly didn’t like their job wanted to keep it at a healthy mental distance – forgetting it when they leave work and partitioning their mind, time and space to escape the workplace. It’s unfortunate but true.
But, this does beg the question, would more flexible and/or "anywhere" working allow those workers to see their jobs with more favor and as a more compatible part of their holistic life? Perhaps new management approaches and business culture could enable more flexible working, taking advantage of virtual teams and the new collaboration tools that make them successful.
4. Myth or reality: When your work and personal lives start blending and the borders get blurred, you become an "always-on" 7/24 slave to your job.
I was a bit surprised how many professionals strongly believe that without strict and defined boundaries between work and personal life, we will become enslaved as our work invades, encroaches, pollutes and otherwise unreasonably disrupts our overall quality of life.
In my opinion, this is a myth. One of the key values of work-life integration is flexibility – the ability to work where, when and how you are most productive, using the most effective tools to collaborate and communicate with your teammates, stakeholders, and customers.
Needless to say, "anywhere working" can be abused and mismanaged, but work-life harmony and integration does not have to imply that an employee loses control of their life – in fact, the newly found flexibility enhances control and quality of life. | https://unify.com/en/blog/forget-about-work-life-balance-and-find-your-work-life-harmony |
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Reporting copyright infringement
You can contact our team for any copyright infringing material or activity via email at [email protected] and we will take appropriate action.
This document was last updated on July 3, 2022. | https://howtoassistant.com/copyright/ |
In line with its patient-first approach, Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India (OPPI), which represents the research-based pharmaceutical companies, reiterates the support and commitment of its members towards working with the Government of India in addressing the COVID-19 situation by ensuring the following:
Supply continuity of medicines: OPPI and its member companies reassure availability of adequate supplies of medicines for those in need of them. OPPI confirms that currently its member companies have adequate inventory in India and efforts are being made to step up further production. The members are committed to working on measures to ensure that there are no shortages and that there is continuity in the pharmaceutical supply chain through a focused engagement with all critical stakeholders across the supply chain.
Response to public health challenge driven by scientific research: As a science-driven industry that aims to address some of the world’s biggest healthcare challenges, the research-based pharmaceutical industry has a role to play in developing new and improved medicines and vaccines to help respond to this epidemic. From the outset of the epidemic, global research-based pharmaceutical companies have reviewed their drug and vaccine portfolios to see if there is any research that could be of help. This analysis involved scientists assessing the companies’ libraries for potentially useful assets that could help with the development of new or repurposed treatments or vaccines to fight against the novel coronavirus. Relevant assets include diagnostics and biomarkers, approved therapies or compounds in development which could be repurposed for use in treating patients with the coronavirus. In addition, these companies are undertaking to identify any ACE inhibitors, protease inhibitors or immunotherapies that could be relevant in the context of novel coronavirus.
Health and safety of employees: In line with the advisories issued by the Government and Ministry of Health & Family Welfare on COVID-19, OPPI members are tracking the updates and implementing them on a regular basis. In view of addressing the safety, well-being and good health of employees, partners and other stakeholders, members are committed to following the general precautionary measures that include the universal or standard precautions of general hygiene; maintaining a social distancing of 2 meters or more and avoiding mass gatherings. Members have postponed internal and external meetings, events and gatherings and travel, until further notice.
OPPI members remain committed and supportive towards working with the Government, medical institutions and other stakeholders, in delivering quality patient care during these challenging times. | https://www.expresspharma.in/amp/oppi-committed-to-address-covid-19-situation-in-india/ |
We custom-design project scopes to address urban equity and urbanization 'questions' - using research, data analytics and design. Our three focus areas are listed below, but each project involves a unique blend of these services.
STRATEGIC URBAN PLANNING
We highlight a set of governing design principles for urban renewal and redevelopment projects - based on a review of strategic city planning documents, site analyses, stakeholder interviews, and community discussions. These design principles are based on the specific cultural and societal makeup of a neighborhood and its vision for growth. We also ensure they align with the city's overall economic development goals.
SUSTAINABILITY CONSULTING
We guide and coordinate project teams to reach their site-specific equity and environmental goals through sustainability rating system consulting services. We can also custom-design sustainability goals and objectives based on the most applicable elements of these rating systems.
URBANIZATION RESEARCH & IMPLEMENTATION
We conduct thorough reviews of literature (academic articles, corporate publications, government publications) to address urbanization challenges. We produce reports that summarize the main themes in the literature and take this forward to list best-practice recommendations to infuse into your project. We then guide your team to implement these recommendations. | https://www.urbanequitylab.com/services |
The purpose of this policy is to manage the use of banners to provide effective communications, promotions, and acknowledgements of the variety of programs and events that take place on campus; to make the campus more welcoming and accessible; to provide color and visual interest while preserving the visual beauty and function of all outdoor spaces; and to advance the campus identity objectives and the institution's image.
Banners are intended to communicate a campus-wide message and highlight those events that convey the "seasons" of the academic year, including, but not limited to:
- Welcome back/start of fall classes
- Fall open houses
- Homecoming
- Start of spring classes
- Spring open houses
- Charter Day
- Commencement
- Special events
Policy
The following are principles governing the prioritization of banners and signage on campus.
- University-wide, event specific, time sensitive banners are given display priority.
- For multiple events, banners may be displayed on alternating light poles; no more than one banner promoting one event may be displayed on the exteriors of buildings.
- Banner content and design is expected to comply with all applicable University policies and the University's Visual Identity Guide.
- All banners must be professionally produced and sized correctly to fit securely on the brackets provided on light poles (no flags, bedsheets, etc.)
- Banners not related to specific campus events or activities are limited to a 7 day display.
- Banners specific to campus events are limited to a 14 consecutive days display.
- Banners serving as public service announcements and unrelated to a specific campus event or program will be considered on a case-by-case basis and, if allowed, limited to a 7 day display.
Administration
All requests for banners should be submitted through the Campus Banner Request form located on the Communications and Public Relations home page. The Office of Communications and Public Relations is responsible for the design and production of banners. The cost for production and other expenses will be the responsibility of the department, organization, or office requesting banner placement. Banner requests should be submitted to the Office of Communications and Public Relations two months prior to the requested first day of display.
Gallaudet's Facilities Department will be responsible for hanging banners and signs. Banners must be delivered to the Facilities Department at least five days prior to the requested display date. Banners and signs will be removed following the event date and held for prompt pickup by the host organization.
Exceptions
Any exceptions to this policy, and for requests that are not specific to campus events or activities, will be considered by the Exception Review Committee, consisting of several senior administrators. Exceptions will be submitted to the President's Cabinet for discussion and to the President for final approval. | https://www.gallaudet.edu/administration-and-finance/administration-and-operations-manual/123-banner-policy |
In this spirited thriller, five men from a retired American ops team reunite to try to cash in on some valuable enemy contraband, only to find a deadly bullseye on their backs.
The novel is based on true events involving a secret specialty team (later known as the Green Berets) used by the U.S. government for covert, assassination and extraction operations. It opens in 1951 as the men drop into a remote compound in France to rescue a captured officer from an area ruled by an enemy group dealing in contraband drugs and guns.
While making the risky yet successful rescue, the men observe the enemies stashing what appears to be silver ingots into an underground vault. They vow to one day go back to find it. The story then fast forwards nearly 20 years to their plans to reunite.
As the men plot the return trip to France from homes at various locations around the globe, they are surprised by repeated attempts on their lives by an unknown group of people. They dodge bullets and explosions and use their best skills to avoid being killed as they struggle to figure out who is after the covert team members and why.
The novel hits the ground running with a strong interplay of events involving well-drawn characters with distinct personalities. Written in a straightforward style with plain language, the absorbing plot unfolds smoothly. It reads fluidly as a well-constructed, captivating novel, not only spinning a strong tale, but offering an intriguing glimpse into the real lives of covert soldiers who require clever and extreme survival skills to combat the most persistent of enemies.
Unfortunately, copyediting issues (such as incorrect use of quotation marks) remain in need of attention.
Nonetheless, this is a gripping story that should appeal to a wide audience.
Also available in hardcover and ebook. | https://www.blueinkreview.com/book-reviews/the-silver-affair/ |
If communities are going to engage in the planning process around intensification, a broader discussion needs to continue around what intensification means and how to keep citizens involved so we have a meaningful say in future developments.
By Greg Tedesco
Published July 24, 2015
As Hamilton continues to grow and change over time, residents remain catalysts for identifying the key issues that our communities face. Demonstrating a desire to gather together to continue to grow the dialogue around neighbourhood change, the Hamilton Neighbourhoods Discussion on Intensification was born.
In previous years, the Beasley, Central and North End Neighbours Association held joint meetings at LIUNA Station to discuss important local issues. This year, the conversation expanded and featured representation from 12 neighbourhood associations.
Neighbourhoods and their community associations recognized that development issues were at the forefront of community discussion, with a focus on the issue of intensification.
The purpose of the dialogue was to identify the challenges and opportunities associated with intensification and look at how residents can engage and participate in the development process in the future.
The June 16, 2015 event featured a panel discussion moderated by Raise the Hammer's Ryan McGreal, and featured professional planner Dana Anderson, McMaster University Professor Jim Dunn, Steve Kulakowsky of Core Urban Inc., and Hamilton's General Manager of Planning and Economic Development, Jason Thorne.
Thanks to Joey Coleman and The Public Record, we have a video recording of the event:
"Intensification occurs when an existing building, site or area within the existing urban area is developed or redeveloped at a density higher than what currently exists" (City of Hamilton)
Development, growth and change naturally create tensions, but they also create opportunities to support meaningful community engagement and discussion.
Intensification is an issue at the forefront of Hamilton's growth and development. By acknowledging this, communities can develop strategies to engage with the City and developers through the entire planning process.
Neighbourhoods and stakeholders have begun to engage in a conversation around what 'good intensification' can look like and how best to participate in the process to promote smart, sustainable, equitable and inclusive community growth and development.
The Growth Plan for the greater Golden Horseshoe provides cities with policies to promote intensification.
The Plan has a number of goals, including: accommodating growth through intensification to build sustainable, livable densities; optimizing new and existing infrastructure; focusing new development to create complete communities and revitalize downtowns; planning public transit as the first priority for moving people; and ensuring appropriate land is available to accommodate future employment growth and economic development.
The province's target for urban growth and intensification is to have a minimum of 40 percent of all new annual residential development be in a defined, built up area. In supporting communities to plan for intensification, the province has also set density targets for municipalities in order to "...help ensure that urban growth centres develop as attractive and vibrant places, with an array of cultural facilities, public institutions, and regional services".
As intensification moves ahead, communities need to look at the planning process and see how they can achieve meaningful and effective participation in the process. In looking at how this can be possible, neighbourhoods can start (and continue) to look at the following issues that were raised in the panel discussion:
Broadening this discussion can provide communities with an opportunity to have a more direct influence on neighbourhood development. Jim Dunn acknowledged that there are challenges faced in the discussion around intensification. However, he emphasized opportunities that also exist, including the ability for communities to dictate what their neighbourhoods will look like in the future.
He elaborated that development through intensification must take into account the existing identity of a neighbourhood, including who lives in an area now and who will live there in the future, and also includes both residential and commercial development.
'Good intensification' is best achieved through an open, community guided process where residents feel as though they can participate and have their voices heard. From a practical standpoint, Steve Kulakowsky discussed the importance of having buildings that interact with the street and community, while utilizing scale that doesn't overwhelm a community.
Smaller projects move the process forward and contribute to overall neighbourhood design and development.
Once a building application is submitted, the City of Hamilton has just 120 days to go through the entire follow-up process. Jason Thorne's advice to both developers and neighbourhoods: do your research, communicate clearly and get involved early.
Be aware of completed or in progress neighbourhood secondary plans, which guide planned land use and density (also be aware of provincial regulations around land use planning).
Aspects of secondary plans can be changed through applications from developers; however developers are required to have public meetings, provide notifications to residents and offer an opportunity for consultation. There should be multiple points for residents to have their voices heard in the process, and it is important that communities be engaged beyond initial planning stages.
The City of Hamilton's Planning and Economic Development department has outlined the process of property development on their website with citywide policies and guidelines.
While there is a lot of information to sort through, Thorne emphasized his desire to see his department continue to work alongside communities to make the information more accessible and readily available. In doing so, communities and developers can be better prepared to engage throughout the entire development process.
When community engagement is only reactive instead of being proactive, it can create tensions and difficulty in achieving meaningful engagement. Dana Anderson spoke about the need for residents to be involved early in the planning process, which also relies on developers and planning teams to create accessible spaces for engagement to occur.
From a planner perspective, can developers over-engage with the community? Anderson gave an emphatic "no". Residents and stakeholders are the experts on what the community needs, and there must be varying opportunities for collaboration throughout the development process.
Developers and the City of Hamilton also have a major role to play in the engagement process. The different stages of the development process can be confusing and difficult to understand at times, which is why developers and the City must continue to be encouraged to make the process more accessible.
Providing the community with the tools to be informed and understand details of potential development is critical in achieving meaningful engagement.
Intensification is going to happen, and once we acknowledge this we can focus on developing strategies to bring issues around health, equity and inclusion to the forefront of the discussion. Intensification can contribute to already stated goals of neighbourhoods, such as emphasizing health and wellness through adaptation of built environment.
Research has shown that greater density can have a positive impact on physical activity and public health, which Dunn cited as critical planning issues moving forward.
Dana Anderson also discussed how intensification can leverage the creation of new amenities that communities are missing. In potentially planning multiple years ahead of development, communities can engage with the municipality and developers to identify areas to provide or enhance the community through development.
One area that Dunn focused on was the potential to utilize intensification as a tool to build age friendly communities, which are amenity rich and can counteract the issue of social isolation. When designing our neighbourhoods, we need to push the envelope to develop 'complete communities' and find ways that the built environment can promote health, equity and inclusion for residents.
Raising the idea of the "8 - 80 city", Dunn emphasized the need to build neighbourhoods for all residents.
As neighbourhoods continue to change and grow, the issue of affordability also continues to be raised. Inclusionary zoning is one possible tool the City could utilize in the future.
However, there must a broader conversation in neighbourhoods around affordable housing. This may include strategies to promote affordable rental and affordable home ownership options, as well as looking at creative local solutions such as the Hamilton Community Land Trust.
If communities are going to engage in the planning process around intensification, a broader discussion needs to continue around what intensification means to residents, policy makers, and developers, and how to keep citizens involved so that we have a meaningful say in future developments.
By kevlahan (registered) | Posted July 24, 2015 at 10:09:54
As I mentioned in a comment to the previous article, Vancouver's South Shore of False Creek (developed in the 1970s) might be a good example to follow. It was developed with 50% condos (owned) and 50% rent subsidized, as a dozen coop buildings (mostly mid-rise). 40 years later, residents still love it.
By kevlahan (registered) | Posted July 24, 2015 at 10:30:57
A couple of other good urban design rules of thumb:
Buildings as tall as the street is wide (in mid-density areas).
Total width of sidewalks equals total width of street for vehicles. This was used in Paris and ensures sidewalks are wide enough to be comfortable for pedestrians on wide streets, and that there is enough space for trees and benches. (In Hamilton sidewalks are a standard 1.5m - 1.8m on most streets regardless of width or traffic: even on Main Street near Queen or Bay Street near Central School! any additional road allowance is given over to vehicles.)
Comment edited by kevlahan on 2015-07-24 10:41:57
By mdrejhon (registered) - website | Posted July 24, 2015 at 10:53:33 in reply to Comment 113052
And we see Hamilton wanting to protect for 6 lanes for Main. Even as a car driver, I can see we don't need that.
By Ainslie Wood (anonymous) | Posted July 25, 2015 at 21:42:29
Ainslie Wood is suffering intensification without public input. We need an active AWCA and Mac needs to be part of the solution.
By kevlahan (registered) | Posted July 27, 2015 at 09:29:43 in reply to Comment 113079
Do you mean actual intensification (as in many new larger buildings being built), or conversions of single family houses to multiple (often illegal) student rentals? I wasn't aware of much real intensification in Ainslie Wood, but the issue of conversions in Westdale and Ainslie Wood has been active and contentious for decades.
McMaster has a liaison group that meets regularly with residents and neighbourhood associations. McHattie was also very involved in trying to mediate between residents, students and the university including facilitating the construction of a new student residence near the Main W Fortinos.
However, in my opinion, one of the difficulties is that AWWCA is not a true neighbourhood association: it restricts regular membership to "resident property owners".
This perpetuates an us versus them situation, with resident property owners on one side and everyone else (students, renters, rental property owners, business owners) on the other. It might be easier to influence the local politicians if the politicians felt the neighbourhood association truly represented all residents (including students and other renters).
Another point is that students need to live somewhere.
It would seem most appropriate to densify along major corridors and shopping areas (e.g. build apartment buildings along Main West or add extra stories to the commercial buildings in Westdale, say up to six stories rather than the mostly 1-2 storey buildings), but even this leads to opposition.
A beginning would be for everyone to recognize that students have a right to live in the neighbourhood, and then try to work out the best solution to accommodate them. I would imagine that neither students nor resident property owners like illegal substandard divided houses.
Comment edited by kevlahan on 2015-07-27 09:34:52
By Ainslie Wood (anonymous) | Posted July 28, 2015 at 07:17:35 in reply to Comment 113093
Kevlahan: I meant the kind of intensification common in Ainslie Wood: when up to 12 students are packed into a home built for a single family. Should also point out that the new Ainslie Wood Community Association (ainsliewood.ca) does not restrict membership to property owners like the long-established and elitist AWWCARHO. The AWCA is open to all AW residents to join or become directors and is especially interested in outreach to low-income apartment dwellers.
By DowntownInHamilton (registered) | Posted July 26, 2015 at 22:00:47 in reply to Comment 113079
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There are no upcoming events right now.
Why not post one? | https://www.raisethehammer.org/article/2658/neighbours_working_together:_a_dialogue_on_intensification |
The Clinical Research Associate is a specialized research professional working within the clinical research infrastructure. The Clinical Research Associate works directly with the Corporate Director Clinical Research supporting the oversight of Shriners Hospitals for Children (SHC) clinical research activities in accordance with the protocol, SHC’s policies and procedures, SHC’s hospital regulations, the Code of Federal Regulation, and Good Clinical Practice guidelines, when applicable. The person in this position also works with investigators and research staff at SHC sites educating, supporting, and facilitating appropriate and ethical clinical research activities. This ideal candidate’s primary responsibility is to help ensure proper study conduct and the timely generation and collection of quality data.
POSITION RESPONSIBILITIES:
Overall, works with the Corporate Director Clinical Research monitoring clinical research activities throughout Shriners Hospitals for Children to ensure research is being appropriately conducted, recorded and reported. This includes but is not limited to communicating with all SHC sites, conducting on-going education, developing policies and procedures, and the monitoring and auditing of clinical research activities.
This position primarily works with the Clinical Research Program Manager and the SHC sites in implementing and maintaining the system wide use of the clinical research management system (OnCore), used to oversee and monitor clinical research activities. These activities would include but are not limited to process development, training, education, and access control.
Additionally, this position would work with the Clinical Research Program Manager in managing the daily operations of OnCore including but not limited to quality assurance testing, data entry, forms development, and data monitoring completeness, correctness and consistency.
The qualified candidate will have experience in the following areas:
Experience working with large datasets, producing data queries, code mapping, and documentation required
Experience with collecting,
analyzing, and publishing research data preferred
Minimum Education Required/Preferred:
Knowledge, Skills, and Competencies:
Maintains
contemporary knowledge of clinical research regulatory requirements. | https://shrinershospitalsforchildren.jobs.net/job/clinical-research-associate/J2S4LM75X53QZ4GCBFV/ |
# Self-efficacy
In psychology, self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals. The concept was originally proposed by the psychologist Albert Bandura.
Self-efficacy affects every area of human endeavor. By determining the beliefs a person holds regarding their power to affect situations, self-efficacy strongly influences both the power a person actually has to face challenges competently and the choices a person is most likely to make. These effects are particularly apparent, and compelling, with regard to investment behaviors such as in health, education, and agriculture.
A strong sense of self-efficacy promotes human accomplishment and personal well-being. A person with high self-efficacy views challenges as things that are supposed to be mastered rather than threats to avoid. These people are able to recover from failure faster and are more likely to attribute failure to a lack of effort. They approach threatening situations with the belief that they can control them. These things have been linked to lower levels of stress and a lower vulnerability to depression.
In contrast, people with a low sense of self-efficacy view difficult tasks as personal threats and shy away from them. Difficult tasks lead them to look at the skills they lack rather than the ones they have. It is easy for them to lose faith in their own abilities after a failure. Low self-efficacy can be linked to higher levels of stress and depression.
## Theoretical approaches
### Social cognitive theory
Psychologist Albert Bandura has defined self-efficacy as one's belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. One's sense of self-efficacy can play a major role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges. The theory of self-efficacy lies at the center of Bandura's social cognitive theory, which emphasizes the role of observational learning and social experience in the development of personality. The main concept in social cognitive theory is that an individual's actions and reactions, including social behaviors and cognitive processes, in almost every situation are influenced by the actions that individual has observed in others. Because self-efficacy is developed from external experiences and self-perception and is influential in determining the outcome of many events, it is an important aspect of social cognitive theory. Self-efficacy represents the personal perception of external social factors. According to Bandura's theory, people with high self-efficacy—that is, those who believe they can perform well—are more likely to view difficult tasks as something to be mastered rather than something to be avoided.
### Social learning theory
Social learning theory describes the acquisition of skills that are developed exclusively or primarily within a social group. Social learning depends on how individuals either succeed or fail at dynamic interactions within groups, and promotes the development of individual emotional and practical skills as well as accurate perception of self and acceptance of others. According to this theory, people learn from one another through observation, imitation, and modeling. Self-efficacy reflects an individual's understanding of what skills he/she can offer in a group setting.
### Self-concept theory
Self-concept theory seeks to explain how people perceive and interpret their own existence from clues they receive from external sources, focusing on how these impressions are organized and how they are active throughout life. Successes and failures are closely related to the ways in which people have learned to view themselves and their relationships with others. This theory describes self-concept as learned (i.e., not present at birth); organized (in the way it is applied to the self); and dynamic (i.e., ever-changing, and not fixed at a certain age).
### Attribution theory
Attribution theory focuses on how people attribute events and how those beliefs interact with self-perception. Attribution theory defines three major elements of cause:
Locus is the location of the perceived cause. If the locus is internal (dispositional), feelings of self-esteem and self-efficacy will be enhanced by success and diminished by failure. Stability describes whether the cause is perceived as static or dynamic over time. It is closely related to expectations and goals, in that when people attribute their failures to stable factors such as the difficulty of a task, they will expect to fail in that task in the future. Controllability describes whether a person feels actively in control of the cause. Failing at a task one thinks one cannot control can lead to feelings of humiliation, shame, and/or anger.
## Sources of self-efficacy
### Mastery experiences
According to Bandura, the most effective way to build self-efficacy is to engage in mastery experiences. These mastery experiences can be defined as a personal experience of success. Achieving difficult goals in the face of adversity helps build confidence and strengthen perseverance.
### Vicarious experiences of social models
Another source of self-efficacy is through vicarious experiences of social models. Seeing someone, who you view as similar to yourself, succeed at something difficult can motivate you to believe that you have the skills necessary to achieve a similar goal. However, the inverse of the previous statement is true as well. Seeing someone fail at a task can lead to doubt in personal skills and abilities. "The greater the assumed similarity, the more persuasive are the models' successes and failures."
### Belief in success
A third source of self-efficacy is found through strengthening the belief that one has the ability to succeed. Those who are positively persuaded that they have the ability to complete a given task show a greater and more sustained effort to complete a task. It also lowers the effect of self-doubt in a person. However, it is important to remember that those who are doing the encouraging, put the person in a situation where success is more often. If they are put in a situation prematurely with no hope of any success, it can undermine self-efficacy.
## How it affects human function
### Choices regarding behavior
People generally avoid tasks where self-efficacy is low, but undertake tasks where self-efficacy is high. When self-efficacy is significantly beyond actual ability, it leads to an overestimation of the ability to complete tasks. On the other hand, when self-efficacy is significantly lower than actual ability, it discourages growth and skill development. Research shows that the optimum level of self-efficacy is slightly above ability; in this situation, people are most encouraged to tackle challenging tasks and gain experience. Self-efficacy is made of dimensions like magnitude, strength, and generality to explain how one believes they will perform on a specific task.
### Motivation
High self-efficacy can affect motivation in both positive and negative ways. In general, people with high self-efficacy are more likely to make efforts to complete a task, and to persist longer in those efforts, than those with low self-efficacy. The stronger the self-efficacy or mastery expectations, the more active the efforts.
A negative effect of low self-efficacy is that it can lead to a state of learned helplessness. Learned helplessness was studied by Martin Seligman in an experiment in which shocks were applied to animals. Through the experiment, it was discovered that the animals placed in a cage where they could escape shocks by moving to a different part of the cage did not attempt to move if they had formerly been placed in a cage in which escape from the shocks was not possible. Low self-efficacy can lead to this state in which it is believed that no amount of effort will make a difference in the success of the task at hand.
### Work performance
Self-efficacy theory has been embraced by management scholars and practitioners because of its applicability in the workplace. Overall, self-efficacy is positively and strongly related to work-related performance as measured by the weighted average correlation across 114 selected studies. The strength of the relationship, though, is moderated by both task complexity and environmental context. For more complex tasks, the relationships between self-efficacy and work performance is weaker than for easier work-related tasks. In actual work environments, which are characterized by performance constraints, ambiguous demands, deficient performance feedback, and other complicating factors, the relationship appears weaker than in controlled laboratory settings. The implications of this research is that managers should provide accurate descriptions of tasks and provide clear and concise instructions. Moreover, they should provide the necessary supporting elements, including training employees in developing their self-efficacy in addition to task-related skills, for employees to be successful. It has also been suggested that managers should factor in self-efficacy when trying to decide candidates for developmental or training programs. It has been found that those who are high in self-efficacy learn more which leads to higher job performance.
Social cognitive theory explains that employees use five basic capabilities to self influence themselves in order to initiate, regulate and sustain their behavior: symbolizing, forethought, observational, self-regulatory and self reflective.
### Thought patterns and responses
Self-efficacy has several effects on thought patterns and responses:
Low self-efficacy can lead people to believe tasks to be harder than they actually are, while high self-efficacy can lead people to believe tasks to be easier than they are. This often results in poor task planning, as well as increased stress. People become erratic and unpredictable when engaging in a task in which they have low self-efficacy. People with high self-efficacy tend to take a wider view of a task in order to determine the best plan. Obstacles often stimulate people with high self-efficacy to greater efforts, where someone with low self-efficacy will tend toward discouragement and giving up. A person with high self-efficacy will attribute failure to external factors, where a person with low self-efficacy will blame low ability. For example, someone with high self-efficacy in regards to mathematics may attribute a poor test grade to a harder-than-usual test, illness, lack of effort, or insufficient preparation. A person with a low self-efficacy will attribute the result to poor mathematical ability.
### Health behaviors
A number of studies on the adoption of health practices have measured self-efficacy to assess its potential to initiate behavior change. With increased self-efficacy, individuals have greater confidence in their ability and thus are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors. Greater engagement in healthy behaviors, result in positive patient health outcomes such as improved quality of life. Choices affecting health (such as smoking, physical exercise, dieting, condom use, dental hygiene, seat belt use, and breast self-examination) are dependent on self-efficacy. Self-efficacy beliefs are cognitions that determine whether health behavior change will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and failures. Self-efficacy influences how high people set their health goals (e.g., "I intend to reduce my smoking", or "I intend to quit smoking altogether").
### Relationship to locus of control
Bandura showed that difference in self-efficacy correlates to fundamentally different world views. People with high self-efficacy generally believe that they are in control of their own lives, that their own actions and decisions shape their lives, while people with low self-efficacy may see their lives as outside their control. For example, a student with high self-efficacy who does poorly on an exam will likely attribute the failure to the fact that they did not study enough. However, a student with low self-efficacy who does poorly on an exam is likely to believe the cause of that failure was due to the test being too difficult or challenging, which the student does not control.
### Factors affecting self-efficacy
Bandura identifies four factors affecting self-efficacy.
Experience, or "enactive attainment" – The experience of mastery is the most important factor determining a person's self-efficacy. Success raises self-efficacy, while failure lowers it. According to psychologist Erik Erikson: "Children cannot be fooled by empty praise and condescending encouragement. They may have to accept artificial bolstering of their self-esteem in lieu of something better, but what I call their accruing ego identity gains real strength only from wholehearted and consistent recognition of real accomplishment, that is, achievement that has meaning in their culture." Modeling, or "vicarious experience" – Modeling is experienced as, "If they can do it, I can do it as well". When we see someone succeeding, our own self-efficacy increases; where we see people failing, our self-efficacy decreases. This process is most effectual when we see ourselves as similar to the model. Although not as influential as direct experience, modeling is particularly useful for people who are particularly unsure of themselves. Social persuasion – Social persuasion generally manifests as direct encouragement or discouragement from another person. Discouragement is generally more effective at decreasing a person's self-efficacy than encouragement is at increasing it. Physiological factors – In stressful situations, people commonly exhibit signs of distress: shakes, aches and pains, fatigue, fear, nausea, etc. Perceptions of these responses in oneself can markedly alter self-efficacy. Getting "butterflies in the stomach" before public speaking will be interpreted by someone with low self-efficacy as a sign of inability, thus decreasing self-efficacy further, where high self-efficacy would lead to interpreting such physiological signs as normal and unrelated to ability. It is one's belief in the implications of physiological response that alters self-efficacy, rather than the physiological response itself.
## Genetic and environmental determinants
In a Norwegian twin study, the heritability of self-efficacy in adolescents was estimated at 75 percent. The remaining variance, 25 percent, was due to environmental influences not shared between family members. The shared family environment did not contribute to individual differences in self-efficacy. The twins reared-together design may overestimate the effect of genetic influences and underestimate shared environmental influences because variables measured on the family level are modeled to be equal for both twins and thus cannot be separated into genetic and environmental components. Employing an alternative design, namely that of adoptive siblings, Buchanan et al. found significant shared environmental effects.
## Theoretical models of behavior
A theoretical model of the effect of self-efficacy on transgressive behavior was developed and verified in research with school children.
### Prosociality and moral disengagement
Prosocial behavior (such as helping others, sharing, and being kind and cooperative) and moral disengagement (manifesting in behaviors such as making excuses for bad behavior, avoiding responsibility for consequences, and blaming the victim) are negatively correlated. Academic, social, and self-regulatory self-efficacy encourages prosocial behavior, and thus helps prevent moral disengagement.
### Over-efficaciousness in learning
In low-performing students, self-efficacy is not a self-fulfilling prophecy. Over-efficaciousness or 'illusional' efficacy discourages the critical examination of one's practices, therefore inhibiting professional learning. One study, which included 101 lower-division Portuguese students at U.T. Austin, examined the foreign students' beliefs about learning, goal attainment, and motivation to continue with language study. It was concluded that over-efficaciousness negatively affected student motivation, so that students who believed they were "good at languages" had less motivation to study.
### Health behavior change
Social-cognitive models of health behavior change cast self-efficacy as predictor, mediator, or moderator. As a predictor, self-efficacy is supposed to facilitate the forming of behavioral intentions, the development of action plans, and the initiation of action. As mediator, self-efficacy can help prevent relapse to unhealthy behavior. As a moderator, self-efficacy can support the translation of intentions into action. See Health action process approach.
## Possible applications
### Academic contexts
Parents' sense of academic efficacy for their child is linked to their children's scholastic achievement. If the parents have higher perceived academic capabilities and aspirations for their child, the child itself will share those same beliefs. This promotes academic self-efficacy for the child, and in turn, leads to scholastic achievement. It also leads to prosocial behavior, and reduces vulnerability to feelings of futility and depression. There is a relationship between low self-efficacy and depression.
In a study, the majority of a group of students questioned felt they had a difficulty with listening in class situations. Instructors then helped strengthen their listening skills by making them aware about how the use of different strategies could produce better outcomes. This way, their levels of self-efficacy were improved as they continued to figure out what strategies worked for them.
### STEM
Self-efficacy has proven especially useful for helping undergraduate students to gain insights into their career development in STEM fields. Researchers have reported that mathematics self-efficacy is more predictive of mathematics interest, choice of math-related courses, and math majors than past achievements in math or outcome expectations.
Self-efficacy theory has been applied to the career area to examine why women are underrepresented in male-dominated STEM fields such as mathematics, engineering, and science. It was found that gender differences in self-efficacy expectancies importantly influence the career-related behaviors and career choices of young women.
Technical self-efficacy was found to be a crucial factor for teaching computer programming to school students, as students with higher levels of technological self-efficacy achieve higher learning outcomes. The effect of technical self-efficacy was found to be even stronger than the effect of gender.
### Writing
Writing studies research indicates a strong relationship linking perceived self-efficacy to motivation and performance outcomes. Students’ academic accomplishments are inextricably connected to their self-thought of efficacy and constructed motivation within their contexts. The resilient efforts that highly self-efficacious individuals exert usually enable them to face the challenge and produce high-performance achievements. Besides, individuals place more value on the academic activities which they used to achieve success Recent writing research accentuated this connection between writers’ self-efficacy, motivation and efforts offered, and achieving success in writing. In another way, writers with a high level of confidence in their writing capabilities and processes are more willing to work persistently for satisfying and effective writing. In contrast, those who have less sense of efficacy are unable to resist any failure and tend to avoid what they believe it as a painful experience_ writing. There is a causal relationship between self-efficacy beliefs that the writers hold and the accomplishments that they can achieve in their writing. Accordingly, scholars emphasized that writing self-efficacy beliefs are instrumental for making predictions of crafting outcomes.
Empirically speaking, there is a study on introductory Composition courses that proved that poor writing is strongly sponsored by the writers’ self-doubts of making effective writing rather than their actual writing capabilities. Self-referent thought is a powerful mediator that links one’s knowledge and actions. Therefore, even when individuals have the required skills and knowledge, their self-referent may continue in hindering their optimal performance. A 1997 study looked at how self-efficacy could influence the writing ability of 5th graders in the United States. Researchers found that there was a direct correlation between students' self-efficacy and their own writing apprehension, essay performance, and perceived usefulness of writing. As the researchers suggest, this study is important because it showed how important it is for teachers to teach skills and also to build confidence in their students. A more recent study was done that seemed to replicate the findings of the previous study quite nicely. This study found that students' beliefs about their own writing did have an impact on their self-efficacy, apprehension, and performance. This is also evident in a different study on collegiate students that reported the change of knowledge seeking as an outcome of their self-efficacy promotion. Thus, students' self-efficacy is predictive of students' production of effective writing. Therefore, increasing their writing positive beliefs resulted in better performance in their writing. Nurturing the participants’ perceived self-efficacy elevated the goals that they used to set up in the writing courses, and this, in turn, promoted their quality of writing and placed more sense of self-satisfaction. Self-regulatory writing is another key determinant associated with writing efficacy and has great influence on writing development. Self-regulation encapsulates the writing dynamism of complexities, time structure, strategies, and whether deficiencies or capabilities. Through self-regulatory efficacy, writers strive toward more self-efficaciousness that effectively impacts their writing attainments
#### Motivation
One of the factors most commonly associated with self-efficacy in writing studies is motivation. Motivation is often divided into two categories: extrinsic and intrinsic. McLeod suggests that intrinsic motivators tend to be more effective than extrinsic motivators because students then perceive the given task as inherently valuable. Additionally, McCarthy, Meier, and Rinderer explain that writers who are intrinsically motivated tend to be more self-directed, take active control of their writing, and see themselves as more capable of setting and accomplishing goals. Furthermore, writing studies research indicates that self-efficacy influences student choices, effort, persistence, perseverance, thought patterns, and emotional reactions when completing a writing assignment. Students with a high self-efficacy are more likely to attempt and persist in unfamiliar writing tasks.
#### Performance outcomes
Self-efficacy has often been linked to students' writing performance outcomes. More so than any other element within the cognitive-affective domain, self-efficacy beliefs have proven to be predictive of performance outcomes in writing. In order to assess the relationship between self-efficacy and writing capabilities, several studies have constructed scales to measure students' self-efficacy beliefs. The results of these scales are then compared to student writing samples. The studies included other variables, such as writing anxiety, grade goals, depth of processing, and expected outcomes. However, self-efficacy was the only variable that was a statistically significant predictor of writing performance.
#### Public speaking
A strong negative relationship has been suggested between levels of speech anxiety and self-efficacy.
#### Healthcare
As the focus of healthcare continues to transition from the medical model to health promotion and preventive healthcare, the role of self-efficacy as a potent influence on health behavior and self-care has come under review. According to Luszczynska and Schwarzer, self-efficacy plays a role in influencing the adoption, initiation, and maintenance of healthy behaviors, as well as curbing unhealthy practices.
Healthcare providers can integrate self-efficacy interventions into patient education. One method is to provide examples of other people acting on a health promotion behavior and then work with the patient to encourage their belief in their own ability to change. Furthermore, when nurses followed-up by telephone after hospital discharge, individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were found to have increased self-efficacy in managing breathing difficulties. In this study, the nurses helped reinforce education and reassured patients regarding their self-care management techniques while in their home environment.
#### Other contexts
At the National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology in Taiwan, researchers investigated the correlations between general Internet self-efficacy (GISE), Web-specific self-efficacy (WSE), and e-service usage. Researchers concluded that GISE directly affects the WSE of a consumer, which in turn shows a strong correlation with e-service usage. These findings are significant for future consumer targeting and marketing.
Furthermore, self-efficacy has been included as one of the four factors of core self-evaluation, one's fundamental appraisal of oneself, along with locus of control, neuroticism, and self-esteem. Core self-evaluation has shown to predict job satisfaction and job performance.
Researchers have also examined self-efficacy in the context of the work–life interface. Chan et al. (2016) developed and validated a measure "self-efficacy to regulate work and life" and defined it as "the belief one has in one's own ability to achieve a balance between work and non-work responsibilities, and to persist and cope with challenges posed by work and non-work demands" (p. 1758). Specifically, Chan et al. (2016) found that "self-efficacy to regulate work and life" helped to explain the relationship between work–family enrichment, work–life balance, and job satisfaction and family satisfaction. Chan et al. (2017) also found that "self-efficacy to regulate work and life" assists individuals to achieve work–life balance and work engagement despite the presence of family and work demands.
## Subclassifications
While self-efficacy is sometimes measured as a whole, as with the General Self-Efficacy Scale, it is also measured in particular functional situations.
### Social self-efficacy
Social self-efficacy has been variably defined and measured. According to Smith and Betz, social self-efficacy is "an individual's confidence in her/his ability to engage in the social interactional tasks necessary to initiate and maintain interpersonal relationships." They measured social self-efficacy using an instrument of their own devise called the Scale of Perceived Social Self-Efficacy, which measured six domains: (1) making friends, (2) pursuing romantic relationships, (3) social assertiveness, (4) performance in public situations, (5) groups or parties, and (6) giving or receiving help. More recently, it has been suggested that social self-efficacy can also be operationalised in terms of cognitive (confidence in knowing what to do in social situations) and behavioral (confidence in performing in social situations) social self-efficacy.
Matsushima and Shiomi measured self-efficacy by focusing on self-confidence about social skill in personal relationship, trust in friends, and trust by friends.
Researchers suggest that social self-efficacy is strongly correlated with shyness and social anxiety.
### Academic self-efficacy
Academic self-efficacy refers to the belief that one can successfully engage in and complete course-specific academic tasks, such as accomplishing course aims, satisfactorily completing assignments, achieving a passing grade, and meeting the requirements to continue to pursue one's major course of study. Various empirical inquiries have been aimed at measuring academic self-efficacy.
### Eating self-efficacy
Eating self-efficacy refers to an individual's perceived belief that they can resist the impulse to eat.
### Other
Other areas of self-efficacy that have been identified for study include teacher self-efficacy and technological self-efficacy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-efficacy |
Support Academy Improvement to ensure that our academies deliver improving outcomes for our students – improving the quality of education, personal development, behaviour & attitudes and leadership and management.
Extend partnership working within the Trust to better meet the needs of students
- Develop wider partnership plans with other schools and businesses to identify and manage areas of joint working to meet shared development needs
- Develop and deploy key staff with skill and capacity to offer school improvement within the Trust
- Develop coaching for leadership improvement between academies
Support and deliver QA systems which provide accurate information on performance
- Academy performance reviews to assess the current position of Teaching & Learning and performance against student progress and outcomes
- Supporting our academies to produce robust self-evaluation to ensure that judgements of school performance are accurate
Recruitment, Training and Professional Development
Support our academies with provision for recruitment, training and CPD to ensure the development and maintenance of an expert workforce
Train and deploy Leaders for improvement to offer school improvement support from amongst our best staff
Provide a suite of leadership programmes in conjunction with external strategic partners to build capacity, support succession planning and address system shortfalls
Increase participation rates of academy staff on CPD programmes leading to accreditation
Support programmes for sharing good practice across teaching and support staff to further develop service provision
Financial management, business efficiencies and effectiveness
Ensure our business management structures, systems and ways of working enable trust resources to be primarily directed to supporting the learner
Offer a framework of financial planning, treasury management and systems to enable the proper management of the financial resources within the organisation
- Increase/maintain student numbers to maximise funding
- Develop collaborative working to ensure affordability
- Ensure capital development plans are in place for each academy so the financial requirements for Estates and IT maintenance and development can be met.
- Ensure staffing structures are affordable, sustainable and fit for purpose. | http://www.uetrust.org/strategy/strategic-aims/ |
There is an app on this watch that allows us to record acceleration over time. The time is in milliseconds. What is the unit for the acceleration?
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• #2
This app? https://banglejs.com/apps/#accellog
In the data,
1g = 8192(which is the accuracy of the actual accelerometer chip)
Actually it probably makes sense for me to modify the downloader app to rescale everything into
g?
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• #3
If it's going to rescale anyway, maybe use
m/s²?
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• #4
What is g?
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• #5
gis the constant for standard acceleration due to gravity:
9.8 m/s².
This pops up a lot in accelerometers, because a sensor at rest measures
1gin the vertical direction.
-
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• #7
We could definitely make the 'interface' file report the magnitude values as well. I guess maybe some kind of drop-down for selecting units?
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• #8
So, the unit is in g?
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• #9
Right now the value is 1 / 8192 g
So if you get a value of 8192, that means 1g, or 9.8 m/s2
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• #10
ohhhh. Thanks!
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• #11
Im working on a new function. I'll let you all know when it is done! | https://forum.espruino.com/conversations/365345/ |
Development of Frameworks for Robust Regional Climate Modeling
We propose a hierarchical approach to test the veracity of the global high resolution, global variable resolution, and nested regional climate model for regional climate modeling. We hypothesize that systematic evaluation of different modeling approaches, in the context of interactions across spatial/temporal scales and between the atmosphere, land, and ocean systems, will lead to better understanding of the relative merits of different dynamical approaches and improve the frameworks for robust simulations of regional climate. Our evaluation hierarchy has four stages: 1) idealized, no physics test cases, 2) idealized, full physics test cases, 3) real world, atmosphere-only and ocean-only simulations, and 4) real world, coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations for both current and future climate. We will use the regional hydrologic cycle as our scientific thrust for developing and evaluating frameworks for robust regional climate modeling. Since the regional hydrologic cycle can manifest differently in different climate regimes, we will use North and South America as our geographic focus to highlight several distinctive features.
Significance
Predicting the regional hydrologic cycle at time scales from seasons to centuries is one of the most practical yet challenging goals of climate modeling. Water supports the ecosystems as well as a wide range of human activities such as energy, agriculture, and transportation. Climate models have projected increasingly uneven distributions of water both spatially and temporally and more frequent extremes, motivating the need for more research to improve regional predictions of the hydrologic cycle to address climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation.
A myriad of processes are responsible for the formation of clouds and precipitation, which provide the dominant forcing for the surface water budgets. To date, limitations in model simulations of clouds constitute a major uncertainty in climate predictions for the future. Thus, besides meeting societal needs, improving model skill in simulating the regional hydrologic cycle is an important benchmark for global and regional climate models. Because hydrologic cycle processes are inherently multi-scale, it has been postulated that increasing model resolution to more explicitly represent finer scale processes is a key to improving simulations of the hydrologic cycle. | https://ccsi.ornl.gov/content/development-frameworks |
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