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The League City Historical Society will host the traveling WWI 100th Anniversary Mobile Museum from October 24 through October 27, 2018, at the League City Historical Society's Barn Museum located at 210 North Kansas. The exhibit open from Noon to 8 p.m. will be free to the public but donations will be accepted. The traveling exhibit includes original artifacts depicting all facets of the war from trench warfare to a photographic and cinematic treatment of the war to Christmas time during the conflict. Visitors can either embark on a self-guided tour of the exhibit or join guided tours that will begin at thetop of each hour. For more information visit www.leaguecityhistory.org. | http://visitleaguecity.com/245/WWI-100th-Anniversary-Mobile-Museum |
,
October 24, 2011
(press release)
–
Mosaic Co. sold $750 million in senior notes to pay off debt and fund operations going forward now that the fertilizer maker is independent of its former parent company, Cargill Inc.
The agribusiness conglomerate spun off its ownership stake in Mosaic in January. Privately held Cargill owned 64 percent of Mosaic, and turned over its share in the company in a deal worth $24.3 billion.
Since then, Mosaic's stock has fallen about 22 percent. It traded above $76.29 in early January and traded around $59.70 on Monday.
Mosaic said the new senior notes it sold were broken into two groups.
The company sold $450 million in notes with a 3.75 interest rate, due in 2021. It sold $300 million in notes at a 4.875 interest rate, due in 2041.
Mosaic said it will earn about $735.1 million from the offering after expenses and underwriting fees. Mosaic plans to use about $505 million of the proceeds to pay down senior notes with 7.625 interest due in 2016 of its subsidiary, MOS Holdings Inc.
It will use the rest of the proceeds for general corporate purposes.
Shares of Mosaic rose 95 cents, or 1.6 percent, to $59.40 Monday.
© 2017 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. | https://www.industryintel.com/public:news/read/3121671696/Mosaic%20sells%20US$750M%20in%20senior%20notes%20to%20pay%20off%20debt |
It seems that my carefully orchestrated flower arrangement has been replaced by a plate of larger than life lemons! These giant yellow globes make me embarrassed when compared to the minuscule excuse we have on our trees. Just goes to show you what a bit of pruning and manure can do!
There is an old couple who live up on the hill and they are true-blue farmers. They used to live in this house many years ago when it still had a dirt floor. Now they live along the other coast with their chickens and rabbits. They are in their 80’s and have no car access to their house. You can just imagine what grocery shopping must be like for them!
My husband paid them a visit the other day because they are old friends of the family. Every time he visits, the wife sends him back with a bag full of stuff. A jar of homemade olives, those mammoth lemons and eggs still with the chicken caca on them. I really like the farm fresh eggs but the caca grosses me out.
The farmer that lives down below us is a different matter entirely. He’s a bit mad and miserable and he makes his wife walk down the hill to do all the shopping. I don’t think he has left this property for the last 20 years. They have no chickens and he is far too busy snooping around watching us or stealing our wood to bother to cut the grass or trim a hedge. | https://helpilivewithmyitalianmotherinlaw.com/2010/04/23/shitty-eggs/ |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an electronic device having a rotary switch and a display screen for displaying information.
Such an electronic device is known from EP 366 132 B1. The rotary switch of this electronic device has latched positions to which there are assigned function groups (menus) or individual functions which can be selected one after another by means of rotating the rotary switch, and can be activated by means of depressing the rotary switch. Depending on the direction of rotation in the clockwise sense or in the counterclockwise sense, the individual menus or functions can be selected serially by means of rotating the rotary switch. In particular, if the individual menus or functions are arranged in two dimensions, it is difficult in the case of this known rotary switch to reach a specific menu or a specific function which is, for example, arranged at a distance in an oblique direction from the starting position.
It is the object of the invention further to develop an electronic device of the type mentioned at the beginning to the effect that it permits operation which is as universal as possible and simple.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by virtue of the fact that the rotary switch is provided for the two-dimensional movement of at least one display element of the display screen, that a rotary movement of the rotary switch is provided for selecting the direction of movement of the display element, and that a first axial movement of the rotary switch is provided for moving the display element in the selected direction of movement.
An arbitrary element represented on the display screen is denoted as display element. The term display element covers, for example, a cursor, picture graphics and symbols as well as text elements.
The direction of movement of the display element can be selected continuously or in fixed angle steps by means of rotating the rotary switch. After selection of the direction of movement, the respective display element is then displaced in the selected direction of movement by actuating the rotary switch in the axial direction.
This electronic device has the advantage that the respective display element can be moved in two-dimensional fashion in an arbitrarily selectable direction on the display screen. In particular, the display element can also be moved away from the starting position in an oblique direction.
In addition to displacing individual display elements, it is also possible to displace the entire display of the display screen in the selected direction of movement. This is advantageous, for example, in representing a map of a navigation system, in order to give the user a simple and quick possibility of looking at neighboring or adjoining map areas.
2
The advantageous refinement of this invention in accordance with claim has the advantage that the user can detect the selected direction of movement on the screen. The display of the direction of movement on the screen can be adapted individually to the respective application and the requirements of the user by means of software which drives the screen.
3
The refinement of the electronic device in accordance with claim has the advantage that the direction menu can be adapted to the respectively displayed information, and thus provides the user for choice only with the directions which are sensible for the respectively displayed information. For example, the direction menu can be displayed only in a sub-area of the display screen, preferably in a corner of the display screen. It is possible, furthermore, for the direction menu to enclose the display screen in the shape of a border. The selectable direction fields of the direction menu can be provided for permanent display. It is also possible to display only the respectively selected direction field of the direction menu. As a result, the surface area of the display screen which is available for the information which is actually to be displayed is larger than in the case of the continuous display of the entire direction menu.
4
In accordance with the advantageous refinement of claim , a rotatable direction arrow is provided for graphic display of the direction of movement. The rotation of the direction arrow is performed in accordance with the rotation of the rotary switch. In this case, the rotation of the direction arrow can be performed both in fixed steps and continuously. Such a rotatable direction arrow can be realized very easily in graphic terms. In addition, it requires only a small space on the display screen. The rotatable direction arrow can be arranged at different points on the display screen in accordance with the respective application. The respective display element is moved in the direction indicated by the rotatable direction arrow by an axial movement of the rotary switch.
A further possibility consists in providing a direction arrow indicating the respective direction of movement on the rotary switch itself. This is a particularly simple possibility, which does not require a graphic display on the display screen. However, it is necessary for the user to look at the respective position of the direction arrow on the rotary switch in order to inform himself of the selected direction of movement of the display element. Consequently, with this embodiment the user must avert his gaze from the display screen.
5
In the advantageous refinement of the electronic device in accordance with claim , the display element may be constructed, for example, in the form of a blinking cursor. The display element, constructed in the form of a blinking cursor, then marks the respectively selected selection field. Each selection field is assigned a function group and/or a function. A function group is understood to be a menu which provides at least two functions and/or further sub-function groups for selection. Initially, the desired direction of movement of the cursor is set by means of rotating the rotary switch, and subsequently the cursor is moved into position on the desired selection field by means of the first axial movement of the rotary switch in the selected direction of movement. The activation of a function group selected in such a way and/or of a function selected in such a way is advantageously performed by means of a second axial movement of the rotary switch which differs from the first axial movement.
7
In accordance with claim , it is preferred for the first axial movement to be implemented by depressing the rotary switch, and for the second axial movement to be realized by pulling the rotary switch. These opposing first and second axial movements render it possible for the user to carry out the desired function intuitively in a way which is functionally reliable and not susceptible to faults.
However, it is also possible to provide as the first axial movement a short depression of the rotary switch which does not last longer than a prescribable threshold period. In the case of such a refinement, the display element or the cursor is then displaced with each short depression in the selected direction of movement, and in each case the subsequent selection field is selected and marked optically by means of the display element. It is then possible, for example, to provide as second axial movement for activating a function group and/or function assigned to the respective selection field a long depression of the rotary switch which lasts longer than a prescribed threshold period. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a continuous depression of the rotary switch as first axial movement, a corresponding movement of the display element taking place in the selected direction of movement as long as the rotary switch is depressed. The speed of the movement of the display element can be increased in this case within a fixed time reference. The activation of the selected selection field can then be performed in the case of this embodiment by means of a short depression of the rotary switch or by means of pulling the rotary switch, for example.
8
In accordance with claim , it is also alternatively possible to provide an activation field in the direction menu. Such an activation field can then be selected by means of rotating the rotary switch and be activated by means of an axial movement of the rotary switch. In this embodiment, there is no need for a second axial movement differing from the first axial movement. Both the movement of the display element in the selected direction of movement and the activation of a selected selection field can be implemented by means of one and the same axial movement, that is to say by means of depressing the rotary switch, for example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1
5
Some diagrammatically represented exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of the drawing in to , in which:
FIG. 1
shows the principle of the design of a rotary switch, in side view.
FIG. 2
FIG. 1
shows the principle of the design of the rotary switch in accordance with , in plan view.
FIG. 3
shows a display screen of an electronic device, it being possible to select the direction of movement of a cursor by means of a rotary movement of the rotary switch, and the selected direction of movement being displayed graphically as a direction arrow.
FIGS. 4
a
d
4
-show a sequence of different displays of a display screen, the display area of the display screen being provided for the purpose of representing a map and it being possible for the map to be displaced in a selectable direction of movement, and a direction menu enclosing the display screen in the shape of a border being provided for selecting the direction of movement.
FIG. 5
FIG. 4
a
shows a display screen in accordance with , the direction menu being arranged in the lower right-hand corner of the screen.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1
1
2
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1
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shows a rotary switch of a diagrammatically represented electronic device , in side view. The rotary switch is located in a middle position . Starting from this middle position , the rotary switch can be depressed in the direction of the arrow into a depressed position . In the opposite direction, the knob can be pulled, starting from the middle position in the direction of an arrow into a pulled position . The knob is biased in the direction of the middle position by means of springs (not represented), with the result that if it is released by the operator it springs back automatically into the middle position both from the depressed position and from the pulled position .
FIG. 2
FIG. 1
1
8
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1
1
10
shows the rotary switch in accordance with in plan view. The operator can rotate the rotary switch clockwise in the direction of the arrow and counterclockwise in the direction of the arrow . The rotary mechanism of the rotary switch is implemented by means of an incremental transmitter without a stop. The incremental transmitter subdivides a full revolution of the rotary switch into a prescribable number of steps .
FIG. 3
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shows a display screen having a display area and an operating area . The rotary switch is arranged in the operating area . The display area of the display screen has sixteen selection fields A to P. These display fields A to P are assigned individual function groups (menus) and/or functions. Provided as display element is a cursor by means of which one of the selection fields A to P can be selected. The cursor encloses the selected selection field P in the form of a frame, thus marking the selected selection field P optically. The optical marking of the selected selection field P can be reinforced by blinking of the cursor , for example.
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1
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The direction of movement of the cursor can be selected by means of rotating the rotary switch . Provided for the purpose of optical display of the selected direction of movement is a rotary direction arrow which is arranged in the bottom right-hand corner of the display area of the display screen .
15
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1
1
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FIG. 3
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
The selection of the direction of movement of the cursor , and the subsequent movement of the cursor in the selected direction of movement are to be explained below with the aid of an example. In , the cursor frames the selection field P and thus marks in an optical fashion that this selection field P has been selected. In order to displace or move the cursor , it is firstly necessary to select the desired direction of movement of the cursor . This is performed by means of rotating the rotary switch . The direction of movement selected by means of the rotary movement of the rotary switch is represented graphically by means of the direction arrow . In , a direction of movement which extends upwards to the left at an angle of approximately 45° has been selected for the cursor . In order to move the cursor in the selected direction of movement, a first axial movement of the rotary switch is provided. The first axial movement can, for example, be a short depression of the rotary switch which does not last longer than a prescribable threshold period. Starting from the position of the cursor represented in , said cursor is moved into position on the selection field K by means of a single short depression of the rotary switch , is moved into position on the selection field F by means of a further short depression of the rotary switch , and moved into position on the selection field A by means of a further depression. A short triple depression thus moves the cursor from the selection field P onto the selection field A into the position represented by dashes.
1
1
Provided for activating the respectively selected selection field, in this example for activating the selection field A, is a second axial movement of the rotary switch which differs from the first axial movement. It is possible, for example, to provide as second axial movement a long depression of the rotary switch which lasts longer than the prescribable threshold period. It is thereby possible for such a long depression to activate the selection field A, as a result of which the function group assigned to the selection field A and/or the function assigned to the selection field A are called up or activated.
1
1
1
15
15
15
1
As an alternative possibility, depressing the rotary switch can be provided as first axial movement, and pulling the rotary switch can be provided as second axial movement. It is also possible to provide continuous depression of the rotary switch as first axial movement, the speed of movement of the cursor being controlled in this case by a time-out, that is to say if the user keeps the rotary switch depressed for a specific time (for example 750 ms), the speed of the movement of the cursor is doubled. Further increases in the speed of movement of the cursor can take place at a later point in time, that is to say in the case of a longer-lasting depression of the rotary switch .
FIGS. 4
a
d
4
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to show an embodiment of the invention in which not only individual display elements, but the entire display area can be displaced in a selected direction of movement. In the selected exemplary embodiment, the display area of the display screen serves to display a map section of a map of a navigation system. In order to select the direction of movement of the map section , a direction menu is provided which encloses the display area of the display screen in the shape of a border. The border-shaped direction menu has direction fields which are respectively distributed in alternation with activation fields over the circumference of the display area . The direction fields mark the respectively selected direction of movement for the map section . The activation fields can be used to leave the application “display map section” and to call up a selection menu for further functions.
19
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1
4
FIGS. 4
a
d.
The various direction fields of the direction menu and the activation fields can respectively be selected one after another by means of rotating the rotary switch . This mode of operation will now be explained in more detail below with the aid of to
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c
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
FIGS. 4
The optically emphasized direction field “arrow right” has been selected in by rotating the rotary switch . The map section represented on the display area can be displaced to the right by means of depressing the rotary switch . As long as the rotary switch is depressed in the case of the selected direction field , the map section moves to the right. This is represented in , in which the map section has been displaced to the right by comparison with the map section represented in . The display field “arrow bottom right” has been selected in by rotating the rotary switch . With the direction field selected, the map section is moved to “bottom right” by means of depressing the rotary switch as long as the rotary switch is depressed. This is represented in . With the direction field selected, the map section represented in is displaced to “bottom right” by comparison with the map section represented in and by means of depressing the rotary switch .
17
1
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1
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1
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The speed of movement of the map section can be increased by a time-out, that is to say if the user keeps the rotary switch depressed for a prescribable minimum period, for example 750 ms, the speed of movement of the map section is doubled. Further increases in the speed of movement of the map section can occur in the case of longer-lasting depression of the rotary switch . Such a time-out function can be controlled and set by software. In order to leave the function “display map section”, one of the activation fields must be selected by means of rotating the rotary switch . By subsequently depressing the rotary switch when an activation field has been selected, the function “display map section” is then left and, for example, a main menu or similar is called up for the purpose of selecting different functions.
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1
In the case of the direction menu , software can be used to ensure that it is always only the currently selected direction field which is displayed, while the remaining direction fields remain hidden. As a result, the surface area available for the map section actually to be displayed is enlarged. Owing to the alternating arrangement of direction fields and activation fields , the user is able to leave the function “display map section” after each rotary step of the rotary switch and, for example, call up a main menu.
FIG. 5
FIG. 4
FIGS. 4
FIGS. 4
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1
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a
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shows the display screen in accordance with , on which a map section of a map of a navigation system is likewise represented. A direction menu is arranged in the lower right-hand corner of the display area for the purpose of selecting the direction of movement of the map section . The direction menu has discrete direction fields , marking the respective direction of movement, and a central activation field . The various direction fields and the activation field can be selected by means of rotating the rotary switch . One of the direction fields can be selected by means of rotating the rotary switch in order to displace the map section in a desired direction of movement. The map section is then displaced in the selected direction of movement by subsequently depressing the rotary switch . This is performed in accordance with the statements made in relation to to . The direction menu can be realized by software, for example in such a way that the activation field is respectively selected after each individual direction field upon rotation of the rotary switch . Alternatively, it is possible for the activation field to be respectively selected only after a complete revolution of the rotary switch . If the rotary switch is depressed with an activation field selected, the function “display map section” is left in accordance with the statements made in relation to to , and a main menu or similar is called up.
The invention demonstrates a possibility of using a rotary switch to move a cursor, other display elements of a screen, or the entire display area of the screen in directions which can be prescribed arbitrarily. Particularly suitable as fields of application for the invention are electronic devices in motor vehicles such as, for example, navigation systems, since a rotary switch can be operated relatively easily and in a functionally reliable fashion even during the journey. In addition, such a rotary switch can be implemented cost-effectively and in a space-saving fashion. | |
On 17 January 2023, my parents and I took a day trip to Yosemite National Park in California to see snow. We drove along Big Oak Flat Road, and visited Yosemite Valley. The photos are split into 2 blog posts. I hope you enjoy viewing my photos!
Parts: Cellphone Photos | Olympus Photos (Coming Soon)
These are the photos I took on my cellphone. The photos are from Big Oak Flat Road, State Route 120, and Lower Yosemite Fall trail.
The first thing to greet us are the snow covered trees on the sides of Big Oak Flat Road (State Route 120).
This is all the photos for today. I hope you have enjoyed viewing the photos! Please don't forget to share the blog post with your friends and family members! Also, if you want to get notifications when I post up more photos, "Like" us on Facebook or follow me on Twitter and Instagram. These links can also be found on the top of the right sidebar. | https://blog.naturetastic.com/2023/01/big-oak-flat-road-yosemite-falls.html |
“I am sure that to become good chefs, we have to be open-minded and the best way for achieving that is to travel. I would like to work in different countries in the world. Cooking and travelling will be my life” affirms Pauline Place, the finalist who will represent Hauts-de-France, European Region of Gastronomy awarded 2023 at the 6th European Young Chef Award.
Born in 2003 in Fourmies, Pauline is the oldest of three siblings. She has played basketball for fifteen years and is a great supporter of team work “because everything is possible when you are part of a determinate team” she claims.
A few years ago, Pauline spent a few days in a restaurant and since then, she knew exactly what she wanted to be: a chef. And to achieve her goal she is studying at Jessé de Forest high school in Avesnes sur Helpe.
Pauline already participated in a culinary trophy in Ireland, so she maintains that “participating in the European Young Chef Award is a new challenge that I want to embrace. Being a woman in the culinary world is also tough, but I love to put myself to test.”
At the European Young Chef Award 2022, Pauline will present an innovative reinterpretation of the Waterzoï of fish, squash and roots from the North, a traditional dish from Flanders and the North part of the Hauts-de-France region, which share an ancient history of common traditions and a particular folklore. The Waterzoï soup was originally made with small freshwater fish caught in the rivers and streams of Holland. Too small to be marketed, this fish was the protein base of the fishermen’s meals. Afterwards, vegetables were added such as squash, roots, tubers and aromatic herbs, that were part of the daily diet in Hauts-de-France. Usually served in brasseries and collective catering, this dish is also a traditional family meal.
About IGCAT’s European Young Chef Award
The European Young Chef Award is an annual competition organised by IGCAT that gathers young culinary talents from the awarded and candidate European Regions of Gastronomy. Selected each year through local contests, finalists to the European Young Chef Award compete by innovating traditional recipes from their regions using local ingredients.
The 6th edition of the European Young Chef Award is organised and promoted by the International Institute of Gastronomy, Culture, Art and Tourism (IGCAT) and hosted by the Trondheim-Trøndelag, European Region of Gastronomy awarded 2022. The competition will be held at Strinda High School in Trondheim on 11-12 November 2022, with the support of Trondheim Municipality, Trøndelag County Authority, and Innovation Norway.
About the World/European Regions of Gastronomy
Candidate and awarded World/European Regions of Gastronomy, guided by IGCAT, are working together to strengthen food security through the celebration of distinctive food cultures; create employment by stimulating creativity and gastronomic innovation; nourish children and adults through culinary and cultural education; driving environmental sustainability in tourism, hospitality and agricultural sectors; supporting balance and sustainable tourism practices; highlighting and supporting expertise from within rural and urban communities, creating connections and sharing good practices; and contributing to community health and well-being.
About IGCAT
IGCAT aims to empower local communities by raising awareness of the importance of protecting and promoting distinct regional food, culture, arts and natural assets as part of sustainable and balanced tourism and development strategies. This is essential to safeguarding our planet, health, wellness and local economies.
IGCAT is a non-profit institute established in 2012, working with regional stakeholder consortiums in the fields of gastronomy, culture, arts and tourism. It counts on the expertise of a worldwide network of experts and works in partnership with specialised intergovernmental organisations.
IGCAT founded the World/European Region of Gastronomy Award and is the official secretariat for the World/European Regions of Gastronomy Platforms. Furthermore, the Institute has developed the European Young Chef Award, the World Food Gift Challenge, the Top Websites for Foodie Travelers Award and the international Food Film Menu. | https://www.europeanyoungchefaward.org/pauline-place-to-bring-hauts-de-frances-gastronomy-to-the-eyca-2022/ |
ABSTRACT: The variation of water loss rate and color of spring bamboo shoots (5mm thickness, 200g) during drying was studied under different microwave power. The water loss rate increases with the increase of microwave power, and the water ratio change model is established by using Page equation with better fitting property.
The color change parameters are expressed in terms of brightness L, red degree a and yellow B. The value of red a and yellow B increased while the brightness L decreased, and the overall color of bamboo shoots deepened after microwave drying equipment. Variations in color parameters are modeled by zero-order and first-order reaction models in food. Changes in L and B are suitable for first-order reaction models, and changes in a are suitable for zero-order reaction models.
A dynamic model of water loss and color change is studied and established in order to provide the corresponding criteria for the processing and storage of agricultural products and to facilitate the realization of automation. Such studies are being carried out both at home and abroad. In order to apply microwave as a way of supplying heat energy to the drying process of spring bamboo shoots, this experiment mainly studied the changing rule and better technology of microwave blanching and color protection and microwave drying.
Spring bamboo shoots, purchased in Hangzhou Agricultural Market, with initial dry base moisture content of 99.5%; phosphate buffer (pH 6.86), catechol, citric acid, calcium chloride (all above are analytical pure); WB-750 microwave oven (working frequency 2460 MHz), with 10 microwave output power (75-750W); JA5003 electronic balance (Shanghai Tianping Instrument Factory), and so on. SC- 1 intelligent color difference meter (Wenzhou Instrument Co., Ltd.), stainless steel slicing knife.
_The shoot tip and old shoot head were removed by slicing. Each shoot body was first cut into 30 mm x 25 mm cross section, and then longitudinally cut into 3.5 mm or so shoots. Take each 200g.
2. Drying the bamboo shoots to protect the color and rinse and drain the surface moisture. It is evenly spread in the microwave drying oven with a loading capacity of 1.71 kg/m (200 g for one drying), and dried with 150W, 225W and 300W power respectively. During drying, weigh and measure the color quickly and safely until the safe dry base content (about 13%) is reached. The color parameters were measured with reference to the color measured after drying.
Dry-base moisture content in each period: Stop the machine regularly during the drying process, weigh quickly, and calculate the dry-base moisture content.
Water loss rate: the ratio of the difference between adjacent two times weighing (g) and time interval (min).
Color parameters: uniform color space parameter brightness L and chroma A and B. L varies from 0 to 100, 0 is black, 100 is white, A is red between red and green, 100 is red, and - 80 is green, B is yellow between blue and yellow, 100 is yellow and - 80 is blue.
Color parameter measurement: SC-1 intelligent color difference meter is used. The diameter of measuring mouth is 20 mm. The ceramics standard plate is calibrated by X=70.2, Y=74.2 and Z=80.0. In each test number, 4 representative bamboo shoots were selected with a size of 30 * 25 * 3.5 (mm). Dial the disc to the 8 reading, and measure 2 times for each piece of bamboo shoots, and automatically calculate the mean value of the color parameters. The drying results were compared with the sample parameters as a test index for drying color change.
Data processing and analysis software: data processing is done with origin 6, and SAS is used for regression analysis.
The Page equation is used to simulate the different drying power loss models, and the equation is significant 0.0001. The brightness decreases with the increase of drying time. The red degree and yellow degree deepened with the increase of drying time, indicating that the color of bamboo shoots was deepened. The change of color parameter brightness L and yellowness B is suitable to be expressed by first-order reaction model, while the change of redness A is more suitable to be expressed by zero-order reaction model. | http://www.epier.com/news-1906-study-on-microwave-drying-kinetics-model-of-spring-bamboo-shoots.html |
The magnetic field lines are a visual and intuitive realization of the magnetic field. Electric field lines of an electric dipole are also displayed in Fig.(c). Their properties are:
- The magnetic field lines of a magnet (or a solenoid) form continuous closed loops. This is unlike the electric dipole where these field lines begin from a positive charge and end on the negative charge or escape to infinity.
- The tangent to the field line at a given point represents the direction of the net magnetic field B at that point.
- The larger the number of field lines crossing per unit area, the stronger is the magnitude of the magnetic field B. In Fig.(a), B is larger around region ii than in region i.
- The magnetic field lines do not intersect, for if they did, the direction of the magnetic field would not be unique at the point of intersection.
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Private In-Home and Online STAAR Tutoring in Webster, TX
Receive personally tailored STAAR lessons from exceptional tutors in a one-on-one setting. We help you connect with in-home and online tutoring that offers flexible scheduling and your choice of locations.
Recent Tutoring Session Reviews
"Student 1 and Student 2 both took a full practice test in preparation for this session. Student 1's test was a success: he scored a composite 30. I went over each section of the test with both students and noted many English tips and math problem-solving strategies. We also discussed the Reading and Science passages and noted where support for all the answers was found. We noted that in Reading, when there is not enough time to read a passage fully, proper skimming can give you a good sense of what the passage is about without having to worry about details -- particularly, since one will have to go back to the passage to look up the detail questions anyway. For homework, I assigned both students two full sections from another practice test in an ACT study guide."
"We focused on fundamentals this session (i.e. basic operations, rounding, estimation and number lines). I recommended that she pick up multiplication flash cards and practice. I also left her with some word problems to practice with."
"The student was only concerned about math, so we covered her timed exam and finished up another math section. My only advice left is to study the math notes that we already did. That would make things easier. Also, go with your first answer choice unless you absolutely know that it's wrong. But before that, make sure to give every answer choice a fair chance in all sections. Good luck this Saturday!"
"We began some reading multiple choice practice, mainly working on how to justify answers with the text. We spent the rest of the time going over various issues of grammar and mechanics. We reviewed sentence structure, usage of commas, semicolons and colons, modifiers, subject-verb agreement, and pronoun-antecedent agreement."
"The student and I reviewed ACT math primarily. She performed well in many of the exercises. I believe, with sufficient exposure, she will significantly improve her score as she becomes familiar with the conceptual topography of the math section. We will focus in other areas during our next session on Friday."
"Today, we started with a general overview of the ACT, with an emphasis on time management. We talked about ways to structure his time so that the student can be sure to not run out on each section. We did three mini-quizzes in English, and I left him with some homework in English for Saturday."
"Today, we went over the essay and intro the student had written the day before. Her writing was very good, with few mistakes. I showed her a few places that she could elevate her vocabulary. We then continued with more practice with reading/writing/math questions. I also went over general advice for the day of the test."
"The student is taking the SAT this weekend, and she is now prepared. In the past three weeks, she has taken three practice tests and improved in the writing and the reading sections. In addition, her essay writing has come a long way. She and I reviewed her incorrect answers in both sections and then went over some grammatical concepts in order to prepare her to improve her score to the highest it can be. She's learned to analyze passages and identify themes, as well as expand her already illustrious vocabulary. In terms of the essay, she has refined her skills and added clarity as well as specificity. Her stories are more personal and streamlined, and she is checking all the boxes on things like length, theme, and stance. She is well-prepared for the SAT this weekend."
"The student and I worked on the math and reading portion of the SAT, specifically, test taking tactics. She did extremely well when using the tactics learned during our first session. We will have one final session on Thursday."
"The student and I spent the session going through several sections of a practice test she had taken from the book she has. We went through the critical reading section. She continued to perform well on the critical reading sections- she had most of the questions she got wrong narrowed down to two answers. Between now and next session, she will do two 30-question practice tests for the critical reading and math sections to identify areas that we want to review in detail for our last two sessions."
"We had an intensive session regarding the essay. I also am advising that we begin ACT test prep soon."
"We covered percentages in math and did some reading comprehension practice. The student seemed to understand the math that we covered today well. We will go over some methods to improve his speed on this section." | http://www.varsitytutors.com/webster-tx-staar-tutoring |
Inflation has increased the cost of just about all products including energy, food, housing, clothing, vehicles, electronics, etc. Prices on the main materials used in connectors increased 6.0% Year-Over-Year (YOY) in 2Q22 and increased 30.1% sequentially. Four items make up 75% of the raw material cost to produce a connector: gold, copper, steel, and plastics.
The following chart shows the YOY change in the cost of these materials over the last three years and the first two quarters of 2022.
The following table shows the Year-Over-Year change in 2Q22 for each material. Gold increased 7.1% YOY. Steel and thermoplastics increased 15.2% and 2.2%, respectively. Copper/brass decreased 0.5% offsetting the other three materials to some extent. The overall weighted increase was 2.5% for all materials in the second quarter.
As can be seen in the next table, average material costs are up 4.6% Year-to-Date (YTD) and 2.0% on a weighted basis.
On a Quarter-Over-Quarter (QOQ) basis, material costs increased significantly, up 30.1%. The weighted total cost for connectors on a sequential basis increased 44.1% weighted by material usage in connectors. Copper/brass was the main driver of this increase.
It is important to understand that the change in raw material costs will differ based on individual usage of these materials in connector production.
Bishop Comments
Note, we expect connector prices will continue to increase in 2022 because of cost pressures in direct and indirect labor, overhead, and transportation. Copper prices are expected to stabilize unless there is a significant pick up in the housing market, which is highly unlikely given the sharp increase in interest rates. | https://bishopinc.com/raw-material-costs-increased-6-in-2q22/ |
Q:
What Dart library to use to implement a Pipe of Buffers?
I want to find a way to reproduce the behavior of this Node library buffer-pipe ( https://www.npmjs.com/package/buffer-pipe )
But I can't find a proper library in Dart. Any suggestions?
A:
I think the following should work. I have tried to mimic the buffer-pipe interface:
import 'dart:collection';
class BufferPipe<T> {
int _bytesRead = 0;
int _bytesWrote = 0;
final DoubleLinkedQueue<T> _buffer = DoubleLinkedQueue<T>();
List<T> read(int length) {
final list = <T>[];
for (var i = 0; i < length && _buffer.isNotEmpty; i++) {
list.add(_buffer.removeFirst());
_bytesRead++;
}
return list;
}
void write(Iterable<T> data) {
final oldLength = _buffer.length;
_buffer.addAll(data);
_bytesWrote += _buffer.length - oldLength;
}
bool get end => _buffer.isEmpty;
int get bytesRead => _bytesRead;
int get bytesWrote => _bytesWrote;
}
void main() {
final buffer = BufferPipe<int>();
print('Read count: ${buffer.bytesRead} Write count: ${buffer.bytesWrote}');
print('No more data? ${buffer.end}');
buffer.write([1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]);
print('Read count: ${buffer.bytesRead} Write count: ${buffer.bytesWrote}');
print('No more data? ${buffer.end}');
print(buffer.read(6));
}
Which returns:
Read count: 0 Write count: 0
No more data? true
Read count: 0 Write count: 9
No more data? false
[1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Read count: 6 Write count: 9
No more data? false
[8, 9, 10]
Read count: 9 Write count: 9
No more data? true
[]
Read count: 9 Write count: 9
No more data? true
The class is made generic so it can be used for whatever type of data you want.
| |
[tps_header][/tps_header]When visiting our daughter’s home in Hawaii, I noticed she had an over stuffed refrigerator. It was so full it was hard to get to anything stored in the back let alone see what was there. Super Mom to the rescue! That’s me. :^D While out shopping for things for my granddaughter’s birthday party at an “off-price” retail chain that carries clothing and items for the home, I did a search for something to get that fridge in order.[/tps_header]
Enough long drawer divider trays to fit the shelves in your refrigerator.
Before you head to the store, measure the width and depth (front to back) of your shelves to make sure you get enough containers for your fridge. The ones I found were 16 x 6 x 2.04 inches. As you can see in the photo to the right, they have little rubber pads on the bottom to keep them from sliding around in a drawer. Our daughter’s shelves were coated wire so they worked well. If you have glass shelves you might need to remove them for ease of sliding them in and out to access what’s in the back. | https://www.homespothq.com/organize-full-refrigerator/ |
Fruit In Keeping With RepentancePublished: June 30, 2020 (Originally published: July 18, 2016)
Could you explain the message given by John the Baptist to “bear fruit in keeping with repentance?” Is that more referring to salvation or proof of salvation? Would you explain the principle of repentance and the significance to the Christian life?
Saved But No Fruit?Published: June 30, 2020 (Originally published: April 24, 2012)
In the parable of the Sower (Matt. 13) I find most people think the third soil represents an unsaved person but I certainly prefer your interpretation (that he is saved), I’m just not sure about its accuracy. I stand firmly against Lordship salvation but often wonder how people can say they believe, and yet live in a way that doesn’t reflect it.
Psalm 33Published: July 1, 2020 (Originally published: October 5, 2010)
What Did Paul Mean In 1 Thes. 4:3-6?Published: July 1, 2020 (Originally published: April 26, 2009)
In 1 Thess. 4, it says let each man find a wife in a way that is holy and honorable. What does he mean let no one take advantage of him in this process? Is it referring to cheating him like Laban did Jacob? Is it adultery or fornication? Or could it be referring to everything?
The Doctrine Of Non-AccumulationPublished: July 1, 2020 (Originally published: May 7, 2009)
I am trying to locate some information concerning a book a work colleague gave me to read regarding earthly wealth and possessions. This book espouses a “doctrine of non-accumulation” concerning Christians owning earthly possessions.
As for myself, I have very little in this world. I do not own a home, nor do I have investments etc… but I am also not in any debt, and I tithe faithfully every week (cheerfully I might add). The one “worldly” thing I do own is a boat, and it is the only thing that I enjoy besides Christ and Church (call it my tinker-toy). I think my colleague believes that I shouldn’t own this “luxury” item either, and that I should sell it and give the proceeds away (which I believe to be his reasoning for giving me the book). | https://gracethrufaith.com/page/1115/?s |
Resp & Qualifications
PURPOSE: Population Health Analysts are responsible for defining, measuring, analyzing, and evaluating population health, while prioritizing, developing, and operationalizing innovative programs and interventions to address the opportunities discovered through their analysis.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTABILITIES:
Duties and Responsibilities
1. Define and measure the performance of the health plan in facilitating and coordinating high-quality care leading to ideal health outcomes
• Building trust-based relationships with CareFirst’s clinical and business leadership to develop a deep understanding of their population health-related needs and challenges
• Designing and leading initiatives to collect actionable performance data from disparate sources (providers, employers, members, etc.), including retrieval and abstraction of clinical data
• Identifying and utilizing rich public and proprietary data sources to generate new and meaningful metrics
• Developing reports, project management support systems, and strategies to optimize HEDIS/QRS/CAHPS/QHP/QCR data collection and measurement
2. Analyze and evaluate the performance of the health plan using available data against the market and best practices to identify opportunities
• Working with clinical and business leaders to collaboratively develop and implement analytic problem-solving approaches to strategic clinical challenges
• Utilizing a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis to conduct population health analyses
• Elucidating technical documentation and data requests; researching clinical definitions, quality metrics, and coding standards as necessary
• Analyzing the performance of HEDIS/QRS/CAHPS/QHP/QCR across and within products and populations compared with both internal and external benchmarks
3. Prioritize, develop, and operationalize these opportunities in collaboration with other functional areas of the organization into innovative programs and interventions (30%) • Exploring and investigating best practices and innovations from within and beyond the industry that are applicable to CareFirst strategic goals
• Drawing from research, measurement, analysis, and evaluation to design solutions intended to meet CareFirst strategic goals
• Creating and delivering data-driven storylines and presentations on identified opportunities and potential high-impact solutions that persuade and engage CareFirst leadership
• Working in cross disciplinary teams to translate findings and innovative program design into concrete, operationalized action that leads to improved population health outcomes
4. Act as the organization’s subject matter expert in quality measurement (10%) • Attaining a complete understanding of quality measurement standard specifications
• Developing an awareness and comprehension of quality measurement organizations and programs (ex. NCQA, NQF, CMS, OPM, Medical Societies, etc.)
• Understanding the driving forces behind quality measurement organization decisions and working towards predicting future quality measurement foci
• Synthesizing knowledge in such a way that it can be presented to and understood by those who have no current or hands-on experience with quality measurements
QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS:
Education/Experience:
• Bachelor’s degree in business administration, health policy, health services research, public health, economics, mathematics, computer science, or a related field. In lieu of a Bachelor's degree, must have 4 years of related experience.
In addition:
• 3+ years of professional experience in a business environment (public health, health insurance, management consulting fields preferred); evidence of progressing levels of responsibility.
• Demonstrated expertise in the creation of qualitative and quantitative data analyses and analytic presentations
• Experience designing, developing, and implementing innovative strategies to improve healthcare or other similarly complex, regulated systems
Abilities/Skills:
• Superb strategic, analytic, problem solving, and communication skills;
• Able to learn the technical aspects of collection and reporting of quality measures.
• Strong teamwork and interpersonal skills, an ability to present and discuss information in a way that establishes rapport, persuades others, and gains understanding;
• Comfortable with ambiguity and able to set your own direction;
• Strong project management and organizational skills;
• Must be able to effectively work in a fast-paced environment with frequently changing priorities, deadlines, and workloads that can be variable for long periods of time. Must be able to meet established deadlines and handle multiple project demands from internal and external partners. Must be able to effectively communicate and build strong relationships with every internal and external partner, including partners who may be demanding or otherwise challenging.
Equal Employment Opportunity
CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield is an Equal Opportunity (EEO) employer. It is the policy of the Company to provide equal employment opportunities to all qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, age, protected veteran or disabled status, or genetic information.
Hire Range Disclaimer
Actual salary will be based on relevant job experience and work history.
Where To Apply
Please visit our website to apply: www.carefirst.com/careers
Closing Date
Please apply before: 4.30.21
Federal Disc/Physical Demand
Note: The incumbent is required to immediately disclose any debarment, exclusion, or other event that makes him/her ineligible to perform work directly or indirectly on Federal health care programs.
PHYSICAL DEMANDS:
The associate is primarily seated while performing the duties of the position. Occasional walking or standing is required. The hands are regularly used to write, type, key and handle or feel small controls and objects. The associate must frequently talk and hear. Weights up to 25 pounds are occasionally lifted. | https://carefirstcareers.ttcportals.com/jobs/6530701-population-health-analyst |
PM2.5 refers to solid particles and liquid droplets with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in ambient air. It has a small particle size and is rich in a lot of toxic and harmful substances. It has a longer residence time in the atmosphere and a longer transportation distance than atmospheric particles, which is more harmful to human health and the atmospheric environment.
Human eyes cannot see PM2.5 particulate matter. To know its concentration in the air, we need to use sensors to achieve it. At present, the principles and methods of measuring the concentration of particulate matter PM2.5 mainly include the following:
1. Infrared method and turbidity method: infrared can only be measured by the turbidity method due to insufficient light intensity. The so-called turbidity method is to emit light on one side and receive it on the other side. The more turbid the air, the greater the energy lost by the light, which determines the current air turbidity. This method cannot accurately measure PM2.5, and even once the light-emitting and receiving parts are covered by electrostatically adsorbed dust, it will directly lead to inaccurate measurement. The sensor made by this method can only be measured qualitatively because the value will drift and cannot be measured quantitatively. What’s more, this method can’t distinguish the particle size of particles, so the performance of this sensor will not be good.
2. Gravimetric method: It is to extract a quantitative volume of air at a constant speed through a sampler with certain cutting characteristics so that PM2.5 and PM10 in the ambient air are trapped on the filter membrane of known quality, according to the filter membrane before and after sampling Calculate the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 based on the difference in quality and sampling volume. It should be noted that the volume of the denominator in the unit ug/m3 for measuring particulate matter should be the volume under standard conditions (0℃, 101.3kPa), and the volume under the measured temperature and pressure should be converted to the volume under standard conditions.
3. Micro-oscillating balance method: The TEOM micro-oscillating balance method uses an oscillating hollow cone-shaped tube in the mass sensor and installs a replaceable filter membrane on its oscillation end. The oscillation frequency depends on the characteristics of the cone-shaped tube and its mass. When the sampling airflow passes through the filter membrane, the particles in it are deposited on the filter membrane. The quality change of the filter membrane causes the change of the oscillation frequency. The mass of the particulate matter deposited on the filter membrane is calculated by the oscillation frequency change, and then according to the flow rate, the on-site environmental temperature and air pressure calculate the mass concentration of the particulate matter marker during the period.
4. Beta ray absorption method: The Beta ray instrument uses the principle of Beta ray attenuation, and consists of a PM10 sampling head, PM2.5 cutter, sample dynamic heating system, sampling pump, and instrument host. The ambient air is sucked into the sampling pipe by the sampling pump and discharged through the filter membrane. The particulate matter is deposited on the filter membrane. When the beta rays pass through the particulate matter-deposited filter membrane, the energy attenuation of the Beta rays can be calculated by measuring the attenuation The concentration of particulate matter. Since the output signal of the Beta ray detector can directly reflect the quality change of the particulate matter, the instrument analyzes the particle mass value of the Beta ray detector and combines the sample volume collected during the same period to finally obtain the particulate matter concentration during the sampling period. Equipped with a membrane dynamic measurement system, the instrument can accurately measure the particulate matter volatilized during this process, so that the final report data can be effectively compensated, which is close to the actual value.
5. Laser scattering measurement method: Laser scattering technology refers to the use of laser as a light source, outside the direction of the incident light, by detecting the intensity, frequency shift, and angle dependence of scattered light to obtain particle weight, size, distribution and aggregated structure, etc. The general term for information methods has a wide range of uses.
Renke RS-ZSYC3-8S-4G is a device that uses laser scattering measurement to monitor particulate matter PM2.5, PM10, and TSP. The air is sucked into the equipment from the air inlet by the power pump in the monitoring station, and the moisture in the air is first removed by the dehumidification equipment, and then the particulate matter flows into the air quality sensor with the aerodynamic force, through Renke’s unique dual-frequency data acquisition technology Perform sieving to obtain the number of particles of equivalent particle size per unit volume and use a scientific and unique algorithm to calculate the concentration of particles PM2.5, PM10 and TSP of equivalent particle size per unit volume in the air. And upload it to the environmental monitoring software cloud platform through GPRS/4G communication to realize 24-hour online monitoring. | https://www.renkeer.com/pm-sensor-measured/ |
Halloween theme recipe, Stuffed Bell Pepper with ground pork, shrimp and oyster sauce. The kids will have fun time making and eating this Jack-o’-lantern.
Mama always says, don’t play with your food. However, this time of the year, Halloween season, we actually will have fun with food. This year, we decided to make Jack-O’-Lantern Stuffed Bell Pepper with Oyster Sauce. This recipe is very simple to make with a few main ingredients, including bell peppers, ground pork, and minced shrimps. The kids were really excited when they looked at these cute little Jack-O’-Lantern Stuffed Peppers, bathing in the oyster sauce. They asked if they could have these Jacks immediately even though the peppers were still hot inside. That made us happy since they did not like any dish with bell pepper before, but this time was different. Every parents probably know that we need to be creative so that kids would eat vegetables. We considered this dish a success when our kids eat bell peppers 🙂 I would make the dish once again in the Halloween night for them.
Tools we used to create this recipe: X-ACTO 2 Knife With Safety Cap and glass baking pan.
Happy Halloween everyone!
Check out our youtube channel for more short cooking videos, https://www.youtube.com/NPFamilyRecipes.
[youtube https://youtu.be/9oATmUiY6bs?rel=0 frameborder=0 allowfullscreen]
Halloween Jack-o’-lantern – Stuffed Bell Pepper with Oyster Sauce
Ingredients
- 1 lb ground pork
- 1 lb shrimp (minced)
- 4 bell pepper (any color)
- 4 oz carrot
- 4 Chinese mushroom
- 4 green onion
- 1 1/2 tsp sugar
- 1/4 tsp salt
- 2 tsp fish sauce (or soy sauce)
- 2 tsp oyster sauce
- 1/2 tsp ground pepper
For the oyster sauce
- 1 cup oyster sauce
- 1/2 cup water
- 3 tsp sugar
- 1/4 tsp ground pepper
- 1 tsp vegetable oil
- 2 garlic glove (minced)
Instructions
- Preheat oven to 350°F (180°C)
Making the sauce
- In a small bowl, whisk together all the oyster sauce ingredients, except vegetable oil and minced garlic, until smooth.
- Heat vegetable oil in a saucepan over medium heat. Add minced garlic and sauté until fragrant. Pour in the sauce mixture. Cook for 3 minutes or until reach to your desired consistency. Pour the sauce into a clean bowl. Set aside.
Making jack-o'-lantern Stuffed peppers
- Dice carrot and Chinese mushroom into small cubes. Chop green onion finely.
- In a mixing bow, combine ground pork, minced shrimp, diced carrots, diced Chinese mushrooms, chopped green onions, and the remaining the jack-o'-lantern stuffed peppers ingredients, except bell peppers. Mix well and marinate for now.
- Using a sharp knife to cut jack-o'-lantern face with 2 circles for his eyes, 1 triangle for his nose, and pointy teeth smile. Then cut off the top in a zig-zag pattern. Remove the seeds inside the peppers.
- Fill each pepper with the filling. Replace the top.
- Place jack-o'-lantern Stuffed peppers into a baking pan. Bake for 1 hour or until tender. (You can also steam Jack-O'-Lantern Stuffed Peppers in a steamer.)
- Transfer jack-o'-lantern Stuffed pepper on a serving dish. Pour the sauce in the front to create a bloody looking scene. Enjoy and Good luck! | http://www.npfamilyrecipes.com/halloween-stuffed-bell-pepper/ |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light guide plate which has small loss of light and can increase illumination efficiency.
SOLUTION: The light guide plate is equipped with a transparent member 20 which has a top surface 20a and a reverse surface 20b and 1st and 2nd flanks 22a and 22c extending in (x) and (y) directions crossing each other to connect with each other; and a partial area of the transparent member 20 is a light projection area S1 in which light traveling in the transparent member 20 in the (x) direction is projected out from the top surface 20a or reverse surface 20b and another partial area of the transparent member 20 is a light guide area S2 in which light entering the transparent member 20 from a light incidence surface part 24 provided on the 1st flank 22a is reflected by the 2nd flank and then guided to the light projection area S1. In the light guide area S2, a hole 26 forming a mirror surface 26a extending in the (y) direction at an interval to the 2nd flank 22c in the (x) direction is provided.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO | |
- 0.2 What Is A Narrative Essay?
- 0.3 How To Choose The Best Narrative Essay Question
- 1 Narrative Is About Telling Stories
- 2 Outlining & Researching
- 3 Experiment Is The Key To Innovation
- 4 Mind The Conventional Essay Structure
- 4.1 Personal Narrative Essay Questions
- 4.2 Cultural Narrative Essay Questions For College
- 4.3 Tips For Securing Maximum Scores In Narrative Essay Questions
- 4.4 F.A.Q
- 4.4.1 How can I start a narrative essay with a question?
- 4.4.2 What are the necessary elements of a narrative essay?
- 4.4.3 What are some basic questions to answer in a narrative essay?
- 4.4.4 Is it necessary for a narrative essay to have a title?
- 4.4.5 What is the standard format of a narrative essay?
- 4.4.6 What are the different perspectives in narrative essay writing?
- 4.5 Final Thoughts
- 4.6 Free Features
Opening Remarks
Writing is a big part of school and college education, whether it is creative with no set guidelines and premises or something scientific and logical. Every class takes advantage of the ability of students and how they can put their thoughts and knowledge into action.
That’s why students must learn how to research and write essays and papers, even if they do not want to pursue a career in writing.
What Is A Narrative Essay?
A narrative essay is an account of a personal experience or incident that changed the succeeding course of events for the writer and offers a moral lesson or insights for the readers. It is quite difficult from other forms of writing because it is full of subjectivity and relies heavily on emotions and sentiments.
It follows a standard structure with a clear opening where the writer sets the stage, the main body where all the elements are explained and played out, and then the conclusion that sums up the theme and lessons learned.
Another hallmark of a narrative essay is its ability to connect with readers. The primary purpose of writing a narrative essay is to entertain readers and tell them a story with deeper meanings and messages. This message is also called a theme or a central idea of the narrative.
How To Choose The Best Narrative Essay Question
In schools and colleges, students are often provided with multiple narrative essay questions. This practice allows them to pick the one they can write on better and easier. It also helps the class to have a variety and flavor in the narrative where peers can learn from each other by reading each other’s essays.
Where it offers ease and convenience, it also puzzles the students because they fail to recognize the best topic and often get stuck with the wrong one.
In this section, we will help students choose the best narrative essay question.
Narrative Is About Telling Stories
The literal meaning of a narrative is a story with a definitive set of characters living in a certain time and space. Before picking a question to work on, students should look at the topic with the potential of imparting a lesson.
For instance, if the instructor has offered two questions to choose from where one is about visiting a place and another is about losing a loved one, then students should choose the one that resembles closely their personal experiences.
Since many travels during vacations and fewer people lose loved ones on average, students should pick the travel option because they can add personal details from their own experiences.
Narrative Is About Telling Stories
Outlining & Researching
Ask any professional writer and he will tell you that most of the time, writing is not about the “act” of writing but collecting, researching, and outlining the stuff so that the act of writing can get easier.
This is completely applicable in choosing the right question for the narrative essay. Students can pick a topic and research it.
They can start with an outline and see where it leads them. If it turns out to be a dead end, there are always other options to choose from.
That’s why starting without planning and researching can cost precious time and other resources to students who also need to work on other assignments.
Outlining & Researching
Experiment Is The Key To Innovation
Whether it is about choosing a narrative essay question or writing on one, there is no limit to the permutations and combinations that students can employ. A common observation in the school-level narrative essay is that students do not experiment enough, leading to no innovation and predictable plots and characters.
Instead, they should invest their time in reading other literary giants and learn different techniques to see what works and what does not.
Their aim should be to create something novel and moving for the readers and instructors to secure maximum scores. For those who want to pursue writing as a career, it is necessary to understand the power of experiments and limitations.
Experiment Is The Key To Innovation
Mind The Conventional Essay Structure
Narrative essays are often based on personal experiences and incidents that are exclusive to the writer only. This leads to the thinking that there is no standard structure for a narrative essay and that the writer can write as he pleases.
That is not the case when students are writing a narrative essay. Experts have chalked out a conventional structure for a narrative with an introduction that has the hook and thesis statement. Then comes the main body with multiple elements of the essay in the play, including the theme, characters, setting, and conflict. In the end, the conclusion gives the conflict a resolution and provides necessary lessons to the readers.
While choosing the question, the structure of the essay should be kept in mind.
Mind The Conventional Essay Structure
Personal Narrative Essay Questions
When it comes to a narrative essay, the most preferred topics revolve around personal narratives. Here are some examples of personal narrative essay questions:
- An unforgettable mentor in college
- A frightful experience in the forest
- A funny situation that you devised and fell yourself into it
- The most memorable incident from your childhood
- Your first trip to a foreign country
- The worst episode of your college life
- The time you lost a friend forever
- The journey of learning a musical instrument
- An embarrassing accident in the mall
- The first time you participated in organized sports
- Attending a musical concert for the first time
- Helping people in need and getting satisfaction from it
- Discovering a secret about your family
- Connecting with a family member on a trip
- The most inspirational seminar in college
- The moment you feared for your life
- Getting lost in the wilderness and feeling good about it
- Cooking a meal for yourself for the first time
Cultural Narrative Essay Questions For College
Meeting people from new cultures and visiting far-off places from home can help people learn new things and appreciate the diversity in the world. That’s why essay questions concerning cultures and interaction gain a lot of traction.
Here are a few examples:
- Unique traditions in your friend’s family
- The most surprising tradition in the neighborhood
- Celebrating holidays in your culture
- What makes it important to connect with your culture and tribe
- Embarrassing yourself in a different country due to the lack of cultural appropriation
- When circumstances suppress culture and tradition
- The influence of media on culture and beyond
- Food and eating habits in your culture
- Cultures defining a person or the other way around
- Cultural identity and its importance
- Denying primitive cultural segregation
- Life and death in your culture
- Place of charity and compassion in your traditions
Tips For Securing Maximum Scores In Narrative Essay Questions
Even after learning and understanding the structure and underlying elements of the narrative essay, students can still find themselves stuck on the first pages. Often, they need a push or a take-off velocity where they can start producing content.
We have found that sharing professional tips and tricks with students can help them find the inspiration or confidence to go on.
So, here are some exceptional tips and hacks.
Preparation Before The Writing Phase
Writing the narrative essay is the most important part of the essay. Even proofreading and editing come after you have written anything at all.
But, simply blurting out random thoughts on your paper is not essay writing which means it needs some discipline.
This comes from preparing all the material that you need to write beforehand. This way, not only the quality of writing will be improved but students will have fewer to no bottlenecks in the process to deal with. Whether it is researching or reading works of literary figures, it should be done to make the process smooth.
Clarity And Cohesion Between Sentences & Paragraphs
As mentioned in the previous section, essay writing is not about churning out meaningless words and phrases on a paper. It is about working around a topic or a question and answering it in the best possible way.
Another thing that students lack in their essays is the bridging or cohesion between different segments of the essay. Since a sentence is made of different words and a paragraph is made of many sentences, it is necessary to bind the whole narrative together with a constant theme or a central idea. This is a surefire way to get maximum scores.
Writing In First-Person Point Of View
A narrative essay is about a person going through a significant point in space and time, facing and wrestling with opposition, and then coming out stronger and wiser. This sums up the theme or central idea of the essay as well.
No matter which question a writer chooses to write on, it is necessary to understand the perspective of the narrator. There are three major perspectives, first-person, second-person, and third-person.
In schools and colleges, students should stick to the first-person narrative because it is easy to handle and shows a sense of ownership.
Editing & Proofreading
No writing process at any level whatsoever is incomplete without due phases of editing and proofreading. First drafts are filled with errors and inconsistencies no matter how carefully and masterfully a writer goes through one.
Since the goal is to get started and reach a certain point, there is no escape from errors and mistakes.
That’s why editing and proofreading are the keys to finalizing a mediocre essay and turning it into gold. Students can employ online tools and software that can help them identify and address mistakes without breaking any sweat. Most of them are free!
F.A.Q
How can I start a narrative essay with a question?
Narrative essays should start with a hook to entice the readers into reading more. There are many ways to set the proverbial hook, one of them is asking a question. This way, the reader either answers that question and then would want to see whether he was right or wrong. Or, he wants to know more and continue to read on.
What are the necessary elements of a narrative essay?
The necessary elements of a narrative essay are as follows:
- Plot
- Theme
- Characters
- Setting
- Conflict
What are some basic questions to answer in a narrative essay?
The basic questions that a writer must answer in a narrative essay can be identified through elements. In addition to this, a thesis statement is an integral part of the narrative essay because it summarizes the theme in the introduction.
Is it necessary for a narrative essay to have a title?
A narrative essay or any essay is incomplete without a relevant title or topic because it lets the readers know what the essay is about before they can read it. A good title is inviting and does not reveal much while hinting at important aspects of the essay.
What is the standard format of a narrative essay?
The standard format of a narrative essay has the following steps:
- Introduction
- Rising Action
- Climax
- Resolution
- Conclusion
What are the different perspectives in narrative essay writing?
There are five major types of narrator’s perspectives in narrative essay writing:
- POV Narrative
- Historical Narrative
- Linear Narrative
- Non-Linear Narrative
- Quest Narrative
Final Thoughts
There is no denying that nailing the narrative essay question can be hard especially when writers are students in their early academic careers. This guide has shed ample light on different aspects of narrative questions and topics, from selection to preparation, and then writing and editing.
In addition to this, we have listed some important questions that students face in school and college. By familiarizing themselves with them at this stage, they can learn about different technical aspects. To get the best scores, it is necessary to learn and practice beforehand so that it will be easier when the time comes. | https://perfectessay.com/blog/narrative-essay-questions/ |
From http://www.math.niu.edu/~beachy/abstract_algebra/study_guide/11.html, it says
Theorem 1.1.4. Let I be a nonempty set of integers that is closed under addition and subtraction. Then I either consists of zero alone or else contains a smallest positive element, in which case I consists of all multiples of its smallest positive element.
What exactly does it say? Is this the well-ordering theorem? | https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/483151/question-about-theorem-involving-gcds |
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The disclosure relates to the communication technical field, and in particular to a method and system for providing information.
With the development of economy and society, the urban traffic becomes increasingly complex, and people travel more and more frequently, so various navigation methods come into being as the times require. At present, the common navigation mode is utilizing the Global Positioning System (GPS) to navigate; there is a city map stored in a special navigation terminal, and the special navigation terminal can receive the GPS information; with combination of the information and the map, the navigation information about two certain points on the map can be output; the navigation information is usually presented in a form of map, where a path composed of urban roads between the two points is marked.
Furthermore, with the development of mobile communication technology, the mobile communication terminal, commonly known as the mobile phone, can receive information, such as graphic and text, transmitted from the base station, and the base station can provide, combining with the GPS system, the navigation information for the mobile phone connected to the base station. With support of this function, the user of mobile phone can obtain the navigation information between the current location of the mobile phone and the destination by editing descriptive information of the destination, such as road name or building name, through the mobile phone.
In the traditional art, when the mobile phone or the special navigation terminal is used to navigate, the user needs to input the descriptive information of the destination, such as a certain building or road, overpass and road intersection. In the process of implementing the disclosure, the inventor finds out that if the user cannot provide the geographic descriptive information of the destination, then the navigation information cannot be obtained, for example, person A needs to meet with person B, but the A does not know the current location of the B, i.e. the street or building where the B is, and cannot contact with the B, then the A cannot reach the location of the B. In addition, if the user cannot accurately describe the destination, although some mobile phones or special navigation terminals can give multiple options based on the vague descriptions given by the user, wherein the options are accurate descriptions about the destination, however, under some conditions, the options cannot be given, or the given options are wrong and the user may choose the wrong option to navigate, which causes the wrong navigation.
According to the navigation mode in the traditional art, the user may not be able to obtain the navigation information or may obtain the wrong navigation information. Aiming at the problem, an effective solution has not been provided yet.
The disclosure mainly aims to provide a method and system for providing information, so as to solve the problem that the user may not be able to obtain the navigation information or may obtain the wrong navigation information in the traditional art; the disclosure further aims to provide the user with the related information of other surrounding users.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, the following technical solution is provided:
a method for providing information, comprising: obtaining a geographic location of a user; for each of the user, correspondingly storing a navigation identifier and the geographic location of the each of the user; and after receiving the navigation identifier, navigating the user who transmits the navigation identifier according to the geographic location to which the navigation identifier corresponds.
Furthermore, before obtaining the geographic location of the user, the method further comprises: providing the user with the navigation identifier.
Furthermore, providing the user with the navigation identifier comprises: regarding a character string input by the user as the navigation identifier, or regarding a randomly generated character string as the navigation identifier.
Furthermore, obtaining the geographic location of the user comprises: outputting a map, and regarding latitude and longitude coordinates of a location point which is chosen by the user on the map as the geographic location of the user; or obtaining the geographic location of the user comprises: regarding geographic descriptive information input by the user as the geographic location of the user; or obtaining the geographic location of the user comprises: regarding latitude and longitude coordinates input by the user as the geographic location of the user.
Furthermore, navigating the user who transmits the navigation identifier comprises: transmitting path descriptive information to the user who transmits the navigation identifier, wherein the path descriptive information is configured to describe a path from a location specified by the user who transmits the navigation identifier to the geographic location to which the navigation identifier corresponds; the form of the path descriptive information is voice, character, static or dynamic image, or combination of them; or navigating the user who transmits the navigation identifier comprises: providing the user who transmits the navigation identifier with the geographic location to which the navigation identifier corresponds; or navigating the user who transmits the navigation identifier comprises: obtaining path descriptive information between two geographic locations according to the geographic locations to which two received navigation identifiers correspond respectively, and providing the user who transmits the navigation identifier with the path descriptive information; the form of the path descriptive information is voice, character, static or dynamic image, or combination of them.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, the following technical solution is provided:
a method for providing information, comprising: obtaining a geographic location of a user and generating navigation information of the user according to the geographic location of the user, or receiving the navigation information of the user; for each of the user, correspondingly storing a navigation identifier and the navigation information of the each of the user; and after receiving the navigation identifier, providing the user who transmits the navigation identifier with the navigation information to which the navigation identifier corresponds.
Furthermore, before obtaining the geographic location of the user, the method further comprises: providing the user with the navigation identifier.
Furthermore, providing the user with the navigation identifier comprises: regarding a character string input by the user as the navigation identifier, or regarding a randomly generated character string as the navigation identifier.
Furthermore, obtaining the geographic location of the user comprises: outputting a map, and regarding latitude and longitude coordinates of a location point which is chosen by the user on the map as the geographic location of the user; or obtaining the geographic location of the user comprises: regarding the geographic descriptive information input by the user as the geographic location of the user; or obtaining the geographic location of the user comprises: regarding latitude and longitude coordinates input by the user as the geographic location of the user.
Furthermore, generating the navigation information of the user according to the geographic location of the user comprises: generating an orientation diagram of the user according to the geographic location of the user, wherein the orientation diagram of the user is configured to show a position of the geographic location of the user in the map; the navigation information includes the orientation diagram; or generating the navigation information of the user according to the geographic location of user comprises: generating information of riding route or information of driving route to reach the geographic location according to the geographic location of the user; wherein the navigation information includes the information of riding route or the information of driving route.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, the following technical solution is provided:
a method for providing information, comprising: obtaining a geographic location of a user; for each of the user, correspondingly storing a navigation identifier and the geographic location of the each of the user; and after receiving a surrounding query request, determining the user whose geographic location belongs to a geographic scope specified by the surrounding query request according to the geographic scope and the geographic location of the user who sends the surrounding query request, and then providing the user who sends the surrounding query request with the navigation identifier of the user determined.
Furthermore, before obtaining the geographic location of the user, the method further comprises: providing the user with the navigation identifier.
Furthermore, providing the user with the navigation identifier comprises: regarding a character string input by the user as the navigation identifier, or regarding a randomly generated character string as the navigation identifier.
Furthermore, obtaining the geographic location of the user comprises: outputting a map, and regarding latitude and longitude coordinates of a location point which is chosen by the user on the map as the geographic location of the user; or obtaining the geographic location of the user comprises: regarding geographic descriptive information input by the user as the geographic location of the user; or obtaining the geographic location of the user comprises: regarding latitude and longitude coordinates input by the user as the geographic location of the user.
Furthermore, before receiving the surrounding query request, further comprising: receiving user information transmitted by the user, and then storing the user information corresponding to the navigation identifier of the user; after determining the user whose geographic location belongs to the geographic scope, further comprising: providing the user who sends the surrounding query request with the user information of the user determined.
Furthermore, after providing the user who sends the surrounding query request with the navigation identifier of the user determined, the method further comprises: receiving the navigation identifier, and then providing the user who transmits the navigation identifier with the geographic location to which the navigation identifier corresponds.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, the following technical solution is provided:
a system for providing information, comprising: a geographic location obtaining module, configured to obtain a geographic location of a user; a storing module, configured to, for each of the user, correspondingly store a navigation identifier and the geographic location of the each of the user; a receiving module, configured to receive the navigation identifier; and a navigating module, configured to navigate the user who transmits the navigation identifier according to a stored map and the geographic location to which the navigation identifier received by the receiving module corresponds.
Furthermore, the system comprises a navigation identifier providing module, configured to provide the user with the navigation identifier.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, the following technical solution is provided:
a system for providing information, comprising: a geographic location obtaining module, configured to obtain a geographic location of a user; a navigation information generating module, configured to generate navigation information of the user according to the geographic location of the user; a storing module, configured to, for each of the user, correspondingly store a navigation identifier and the navigation information of the each of the user; a receiving module, configured to receive the navigation identifier; and a navigating module, configured to provide the user who transmits the navigation identifier with the navigation information to which the navigation identifier received by the receiving module corresponds.
Furthermore, the system further comprises a navigation identifier providing module, configured to provide the user with the navigation identifier.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, the following technical solution is provided:
a system for providing information, comprising: a geographic location obtaining module, configured to obtain a geographic location of a user; a storing module, configured to, for each of the user, correspondingly store a navigation identifier and the geographic location of the each of the user; a query receiving module, configured to receive a surrounding query request; a determining module, configured to determine the user whose geographic location belongs to a geographic scope specified by the surrounding query request according to the geographic scope and the geographic location of the user who sends the surrounding query request; and an outputting module, configured to provide the user who sends the surrounding query request with the navigation identifier of the user determined by the determining module.
Furthermore, the system further comprises a navigation identifier providing module, configured to provide the user with the navigation identifier.
Furthermore, the system further comprises a user information receiving module, configured to receive the user information transmitted by the user; the storing module is further configured to store the user information; the outputting module is further configured to provide the user who sends the surrounding query request with the user information of the user determined by the determining module.
Furthermore, the query receiving module is further configured to receive the navigation identifier; the determining module is further configured to determine the geographic location to which the navigation identifier received by the query receiving module corresponds; the outputting module is further configured to provide the user who transmits the navigation identifier with the geographic location determined by the determining module.
According to the technical solution of the disclosure, a geographic location database of the user is established by obtaining the geographic location of the user, and correspondingly storing the navigation identifier and the geographic location for each user; then, after receiving the navigation identifier, the geographic location of user can be determined according to the database, and further the navigation service is provided for the user. In this way, when the use goes to the target user to be found, the user can obtain the navigation service by only remembering the navigation identifier of the target user, thereby ensuring that the user obtains the right navigation information. The other beneficial effects of the disclosure can be obtained from descriptions in the specific embodiments.
The disclosure is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments in detail. Under the condition of not causing conflict, these technical solutions in the embodiment can be combined with each other.
FIG. 1
FIG. 1
FIG. 1
11
12
12
11
12
shows a diagram of an application scene according to the embodiment of the disclosure. The technical solutions in the embodiment of the disclosure enable the terminal equipment to obtain the navigation information from the navigation system. The terminal equipment and the navigation system are shown in , and the navigation system can serve multiple terminals. In , the multiple terminals can connect with the navigation server through the existing wireless communication systems, such as the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), or through various wireless communication systems in the future, or through the Internet or other computer networks. The navigation server is further equipped with a storing device and a computing device besides of the device for communication. The storing device can store the map data and other data. The computing device has a computing function, including the computation performed according to the map data, the other data and the information transmitted from the terminal. The terminal equipment can be the above-mentioned communication system or the computer system, and is usually operated by the user. Thus, in the descriptions in the embodiment of the disclosure, the terminal transmits information to the navigation server , which is described as that the user transmits information to the navigation server, that is, the user uses the terminal equipment to transmit information to the navigation server.
FIG. 2
shows a diagram of the main flow of a method for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 2
FIG. 1
12
12
2
As shown in , the information provided in the method is specifically information about navigation, that is, the user can be navigated by the method. The method for navigation can be completed by the navigation server in ; using the method enables a user to provide the navigation server with the navigation identifier of a target user by operating the terminal equipment, thereby obtaining the navigation information and then enabling the user to move according to the navigation information to find the target user. The navigation server in the embodiment can be single computer or multiple computers. The method shown in FIG. mainly comprises the following steps:
21
Step S: providing a user(s) with the navigation identifier;
22
Step S: obtaining a geographic location of the user(s);
23
Step S: for each of the user(s), correspondingly storing the navigation identifier and the geographic location of the each of the user(s); and
24
Step S: after receiving the navigation identifier, navigating the user(s) who transmits the navigation identifier according to the geographic location to which the navigation identifier corresponds.
21
24
The steps S-S above are further described below.
21
22
In Step S, specifically, the descriptive information in form of character string can be provided for the user, for prompting the user to input character string according to the descriptive information, and then the character string input by the user is regarded as the navigation identifier. For example, the user is prompted to input six digitals as the navigation identifier; the user can also be prompted to regard other character strings as the navigation identifier. The form of the character string can be diversified and the character string can include characters of countries around the world. The character string can also be randomly generated by the navigation server to serve as the navigation identifier. In the initialization phase, the user can be provided with a register interface, and is further provided with the navigation identifier after registering the username. The user can log on later with the username as well as the navigation identifier, and directly turning to Step S.
22
23
In Step S, the geographic location of the user can be obtained by various methods. For example, a map can be output, and the latitude and longitude coordinates of a location point, which is chosen by the user, on the map is regarded as the geographic location of the user. Specifically, a map is output to the user; the user can click, through a mouse, on the map which is displayed on a man-machine interface, and then according to the clicked location point, the latitude and longitude coordinates of the location point on the map can be obtained and displayed in the form of floating window, at the same time, the latitude and longitude coordinates are displayed in the text input box on the man-machine interface; the user can modify the latitude and longitude coordinates in the text input box and then clicks the ‘OK’ button, or directly clicks the ‘OK’ button without modification to submit the latitude and longitude coordinates. Alternatively, the user also can not choose the location point on the map, but directly input the latitude and longitude coordinates on the text input box. In addition, the user can input the geographic descriptive information, and then the navigation server regards the geographic descriptive information as the geographic location of the user. The form of the geographic descriptive information can be diversified. For example, in the city, the geographic descriptive information can be described with reference to a certain landmark building, or can be a certain road, a certain overpass and so on. The logged-on user can modify the geographic location, and then the navigation server obtains and stores the new geographic location of the user. With the increase of the number of users, the load on the navigation server is increased, so another navigation server can be used exclusively for obtaining the geographic location of the user and performing storing in Step S.
21
23
The steps S-S can be regard as a process of establishing the database; after completing this three steps one by one for multiple users, any user can reach the geographic locations of these users by getting the navigation service through the navigation server. The process of establishing the database can be continuous, thus, a broader scope of navigation services can be provided.
24
The navigation server may receive the navigation identifier at any time, which means there is user needing navigation to reach the geographic location of the user to which the navigation identifier belongs. The received navigation identifier can be included in a navigation request; other items that should be known by the navigation server can be attached in the navigation request and added according to the need in an implementing process. After receiving the navigation identifier, Step S is triggered.
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In Step S, the navigation server transmits the navigation information in the next navigation service according to the identifier of the terminal used by the user, since the navigation identifier transmitted by the user is received, wherein it is usually said that what is received is the request information including the navigation identifier, and the request information is used for requesting to obtain the navigation service, and usually also includes the identifier of the terminal used by the user, such as the username, or the mobile phone number which is adopted by the user to transmit the navigation identifier through a wireless communication network. In Step S, the user can be navigated in manner of directing the way. Directing the way means showing the user a path from the current location to the target location at one time, for example, the information of directing the way can be ‘going straight for 500 meters along Shengli Road and turning right to Wusi Road, and then going straight for 300 meters to reach Red Star Hotel’. Thus, in Step S, if the navigation is performed in manner of directing the way, the current location of the user is obtained, and then the path descriptive information is transmitted to the user, wherein the path descriptive information is used for describing the path from the current location of the user to the target geographic location. The target geographic location is the geographic location to which the navigation identifier received in Step S corresponds; because the navigation identifier and the geographic location of the user are correspondingly stored in Step S, the geographic location of the user can be determined according to the navigation identifier of the user. The current location of the user either can be obtained according to the attached information in the above-mentioned navigation request or can be obtained by, after receiving the navigation identifier transmitted by the user, requiring the user to transmit the current location, for example, the geographic descriptive information such as a certain road or a certain building, or certain latitude and longitude coordinates. It can be seen from the above that this mode does not require the terminal equipment used by the navigated user to have the GPS function. If the user uses the terminal with the GPS function, then in Step S, the target geographic location is directly transmitted to the user, wherein the target geographic location can be either the geographic descriptive information or the latitude and longitude coordinates.
The user can transmit two navigation identifiers to the network server through the terminal equipment to require for obtaining the path description between geographic locations to which the two navigation identifiers correspond respectively. Correspondingly, the navigation server obtains two geographic locations to which the two navigation identifiers correspond according to the two navigation identifiers, and then obtains the path descriptive information between the two geographic locations.
FIG. 2
It can be seen from the flow shown in that the database can be established in the way of providing the user with the navigation identifier and storing the geographic location of the user, and the user is provided with the navigation service based on the database. This way enables the user to obtain the navigation service by only remembering the navigation identifier of the target user when going to the target user to be found. In the embodiment, the navigation identifier can be freely specified by the user, thus, the user can adopt the form of navigation identifier which is easily remembered, or adopt own mobile phone number as the own navigation identifier, which enables the other user to obtain the navigation information conveniently according the navigation identifier.
24
When the user is navigated in Step S, the form of the path descriptive information can be voice, character, static or dynamic image, or combination of them; the transmitting mode can adopt various wired or wireless communication networks and computer networks which are existing or to be expected in future. In the implementing process, the navigation server can be connected with some information medium. For example, the user transmits the request information including the navigation identifier in the way of the short message of the mobile phone, wherein the short message is usually sent to the network equipment of the short message service provider, and then is sent to the navigation server by the network equipment; the network equipment plays a role of information medium. Thus, the navigation identifier received by the navigation server not only can be from the user directly, but also can be from the information medium. The user can also call the information service center (call center) to tell the staff the navigation identifier, now the user transmits the navigation identifier in the form of voice; the staff of the information service center transmits the navigation identifier to the navigation server by operating related equipment. Thereby, the equipment and staff of the information service center play a role of information medium. To sum up, the embodiment can have various flexible application ways in the implementing process.
In the implementing process, when obtaining the path descriptive information according to the geographic location, the navigation server can use other special equipment for computing path, and transmits the geographic location, such as the latitude and longitude coordinates to the equipment, so that the equipment computes and then feeds back the path to the navigation server. Of course, the navigation server can also compute the path according to the map stored by itself. In a word, various ways in the traditional art can be adopted to compute the path.
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
FIG. 3
Another method for providing information in the embodiment of the disclosure is described below. shows a diagram of the main flow of another method for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure. The navigation for user can be implemented according to the flow shown in . The flow shown in comprises the following steps:
31
Step S: providing a user(s) with the navigation identifier;
32
Step S: obtaining the geographic location of the user(s);
21
22
The two steps are similar to above-mentioned Step S and Step S;
33
Step S: generating the navigation information of the user(s) according to the geographic location of the user(s);
34
Step S: for each of the user(s), correspondingly storing the navigation identifier and the navigation information of the each of the user(s); and
35
Step S: after receiving the navigation identifier, provide the user(s) who transmits the navigation identifier with the navigation information to which the navigation identifier corresponds.
33
35
The steps S to S are further described below.
33
In Step S, specifically, the orientation diagram of the user is generated according to the geographic location of the user, wherein the orientation diagram of the user is used for showing the position of the geographic location of the user in the map. Being similar to the above-mentioned mode, the user chooses the location point on the map. When the orientation diagram of the user is generated, one part of the map can be intercepted according to the location point chosen by the user, wherein the part includes the location point, and then the part of the map is regarded as the orientation diagram of the user. If the geographic location is the latitude and longitude coordinates directly input by the user, then the orientation diagram is obtained according to the latitude and longitude coordinates. In this way, the navigation information is specifically the orientation diagram.
33
In Step S, the information of riding route or the information of driving route to reach the geographic location can be generated according to the geographic location of the user. The riding route is similar to the riding route provided in various current advertisements, and mainly means the manner of taking public transportation; the information of driving route is similar to the above-mentioned information of directing the way, but the information of driving route mainly describes the driving routes near the target geographic location, for example, if the target geographic location is the Red Star Hotel, then the information of driving route is ‘entering from west entry of Wusi Road and going ahead for 500 meters’ or other detailed description ways. In this way, the navigation information is specifically the above-mentioned information of riding route or information of driving route.
31
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In the implementing process, the steps S-S can be skipped, and the navigation information of the user is directly received; the navigation information can be the above-mentioned information of riding route or information of driving route, and is edited by the user freely and then transmitted to the navigation server; the navigation server stores the received navigation information as the navigation information of the user, corresponding to the navigation identifier of the user.
FIG. 3
It can be seen that, according to the flow shown in , the terminal equipment used by the user can obtain the navigation information when the terminal equipment does not have the GPS function.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
The method for providing information in the embodiment of the disclosure can be not only used for navigating and but also used for providing other information. An example is shown below. shows a diagram of the main flow of another method for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in , the method mainly comprises the following steps:
41
Step S: providing a user(s) with the navigation identifier;
42
Step S: obtaining the geographic location of the user(s);
43
Step S: for each of the user(s), correspondingly storing the navigation identifier and the geographic location of the each of the user(s);
21
23
This three steps are similar to above-mentioned steps S-S;
44
Step S: receiving the surrounding query request, wherein the surrounding query request is the request information transmitted to the navigation server by the user(s) when the user(s) needs to know information of other users around the geographic location of the user(s); the surrounding query request includes the navigation identifier of the user who transmits the request, and the navigation server can determine the geographic location of the user according to the navigation identifier; the user also needs to specify the geographic scope in the surrounding query request, for example, the description of geographic scope, such as a circular area with radius of 1 kilometre;
45
Step S: determining the user whose geographic location belongs to the geographic scope specified by the surrounding query request according to the geographic scope and the geographic location of the user who sends the surrounding query request; the user who belongs to the geographic scope can be determined according to the combination of the stored map and the stored geographic location of the user. It is not difficult to be seen that this way usually can determine multiple users, and these users are geographically within the scope specified by the user who sends the surrounding query request; and
46
Step S: providing the user who sends the surrounding query request with the navigation identifier of the user belonging to the geographic scope; in this way, after obtaining the navigation identifiers of other users in the scope needed by the user who sends the surrounding query request, the user who sends the surrounding query request can obtain further information in combination with the navigation identifier. The further information is described below.
44
In the navigation server, the information, such as the navigation identifier and geographic location of the user can be stored; in addition, a user information database can be established for the user, wherein the user information database appears as a personal homepage at the user side. The user can add various information related to the user itself in the personal homepage, and the information can mainly be personal information, such as personal resumes and hobbies; regarding the case that the user is an organization (unit or company), the introduction of the organization can be added. All the information is stored in the user information database and is called user information in the description below. Thus, before Step S, the navigation server can receive the user information transmitted by the user and stores the user information corresponding to the navigation identifier of the user. In addition, the navigation server can also provide a function of enabling the users to communicate with each other.
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In this way, after Step S, the navigation server can transmit the user information of the user who belongs to the geographic scope to the user who sends the surrounding query request. In addition, after Step S, if the user who sends the surrounding query request needs to know the further information of the user who belongs to the geographic scope, the navigation identifier of the user who belongs to the geographic scope can be transmitted to the navigation server, and then the navigation server provides the user who sends the surrounding query request with the user information of the user to which the navigation identifier corresponds, according to the received navigation identifier; in addition, the navigation server can also provide the user who sends the surrounding query request with the geographic location to which the navigation identifier corresponds.
FIG. 4
It can be seen from the flow shown in that the user can obtain the navigation identifier or the user information, the geographic location of the users nearby through the navigation server, because the navigation server stores the geographic location and user information of each user. In this way, the user can do related activities based on the obtained information, for example, if a certain user is a restaurant, then the user can send advertisements to the users nearby through the Internet.
The system for providing information in the embodiment of the disclosure is described below.
FIG. 5
FIG. 5
50
shows a structural diagram of a system for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in , the system for providing information mainly includes the following modules:
51
a navigation identifier providing module , which is configured to provide a user(s) with a navigation identifier;
52
a geographic location obtaining module , which is configured to obtain a geographic location of the user(s);
53
a storing module , which is configured to, for each of the user(s), correspondingly store the navigation identifier and the geographic location of the each of the user(s);
54
a receiving module , which is configured to receive the navigation identifier; and
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a navigating module , which is configured to navigate the user(s) who transmits the navigation identifier according to the geographic location to which the navigation identifier received by the receiving module corresponds and the stored map.
51
If the system for providing information is set up based on the user(s) who has the navigation identifiers, then the system for providing information may not include the navigation identifier providing module .
FIG. 6
FIG. 6
60
shows a structural diagram of another system for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in , the system for providing information mainly includes the following modules:
61
a navigation identifier providing module , which is configured to provide a user(s) with a navigation identifier;
62
a geographic location obtaining module , which is configured to obtain a geographic location of the user(s);
63
a navigation information generating module , which is configured to generate navigation information of the user(s) according to the geographic location of the user(s);
64
a storing module , which is configured to, for each of the user(s), correspondingly store the navigation identifier and the navigation information of the each of the user(s);
65
a receiving module , which is configured to receive the navigation identifier; and
66
65
a navigating module , which is configured to provide the user(s) who transmits the navigation identifier with the navigation information to which the navigation identifier received by the receiving module corresponds.
61
If the system for providing information is set up based on the user(s) who has the navigation identifiers, then the system for providing information may not include the navigation identifier providing module .
FIG. 7
FIG. 7
70
shows a structural diagram of another system for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in , the system for providing information mainly includes the following modules:
71
a navigation identifier providing module , which is configured to provide a user(s) with a navigation identifier;
72
a geographic location obtaining module , which is configured to obtain a geographic location of the user(s);
73
a storing module , which is configured to, for each of the user(s), correspondingly store the navigation identifier and the geographic location of the each of the user(s);
74
a query receiving module , which is configured to receive a surrounding query request;
75
a determining module , which is configured to determine the user(s) whose geographic location belongs to the geographic scope specified by the surrounding query request according to the geographic scope and the geographic location of the user(s) who sends the surrounding query request; and
76
75
an outputting module , which is configured to provide the user(s) who sends the surrounding query request with the navigation identifier of the user(s) determined by the determining module .
71
If the system for providing information is set up based on the user(s) who has the navigation identifiers, then the system for providing information may not include the navigation identifier providing module .
70
77
76
75
FIG. 7
The system for providing information shown in can also include a user information receiving module , which is configured to receive user information transmitted by the user(s); further, the storing module can also be configured to store the user information, the outputting module can also be configured to provide the user who sends the surrounding query request with the user information of the user determined by the determining module .
70
74
75
76
FIG. 7
In the system for providing information shown in , the query receiving module can also be configured to receive the navigation identifier; the determining module can also be configured to determine the geographic location to which the navigation identifier received by the query receiving module corresponds; the outputting module can also be configured to provide the user who transmits the navigation identifier with the geographic location determined by the determining module.
FIG. 8
FIG. 8
82
81
It can be seen from the embodiment of the disclosure above that the distribution of users to the map is realized by correspondingly storing the navigation identifier and the geographic location, and the following operations can be performed based on the map with users; this way can be seen from . shows a diagram of distributing users into the map according to the embodiment of the disclosure; in the diagram, each dot in the map represents a user. In people's daily action, there are many affairs which directly relate to the geographic location, such as looking for someone, looking for an organization, and publishing information, and thus in the embodiments of the disclosure, a kind of method for providing information is provided in the embodiments of the disclosure based on the way that the user and the geographic location correspond to each other; the method can be used for navigating and providing various information. In the method, the database can be established depending on the information input by the user, which is comparatively simple to realize. The application of the technical solution in the embodiment of the disclosure can bring about multiple practical beneficial effects. For example, adopting the navigating method provided by the embodiment, the user can conveniently obtain the navigation service just by carrying a mobile phone, thereby saving time, and saving fuel consumption of vehicle in many cases because of avoiding unnecessary long way. When the number of the users is huge, quite large quantity of fuel will be saved. In another example, adopting the method provided by the embodiment, the user can obtain the information of other users nearby; in many cases, the communications among people are based on the approach of the space, so the method according to the embodiment enables people to communicate with each other conveniently.
It can be seen from the technical solution in the embodiment of the disclosure that the scope of services of navigating or providing information is constantly expanded in the case that the number of users served by the navigation server is increased, so it can be reasonably predicted that if most individuals and organizations in an area register on the navigation server in the embodiment and adopt the navigation identifier to do activities, then the considerable social benefits can be produced, for example, saving large quantity of fuel and time, and facilitating communications among people.
Obviously, the skilled personnel in the field should understand that the above-mentioned modules or steps of the disclosure can be realized by a common computing device, and they can be integrated on a single computing device, or distributed on the network composed of multiple computing devices; optionally, they can be realized by the program code which is capable of being executed by the computing device; thereby, they can be stored in a storing device and executed by the computing device; or they are realized by making them into each integrated circuit module, respectively, or by making multiple modules or steps of them into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the disclosure, and not used for limiting the disclosure; for the skilled personnel in the field, the disclosure may have various modifications and variations. Without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure, any made modification, equivalent replacement and improvement are within the scope of the claims of the disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings described here are used for providing a further understanding of the disclosure, and constitute a part of the application; the schematic embodiment and specification of the disclosure are used for illustrating it and not intended to form improper limit to the disclosure. In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1
shows a diagram of an application scene according to the embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 2
shows a diagram of the main flow of a method for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3
shows a diagram of the main flow of another method for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 4
shows a diagram of the main flow of another method for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 5
shows a structural diagram of a system for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 6
shows a structural diagram of another system for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 7
shows a structural diagram of another system for providing information according to the embodiment of the disclosure; and
FIG. 8
shows a diagram of distributing users into the map according to the embodiment of the disclosure. | |
One of the newest additions to the University of Indianapolis is the Student Solution Center, which launched in November 2020. Located in Schwitzer Student Center Room 206 and available online, this center was formed as a way for students to easily become connected with the university offices to find answers to all their questions from financial aid inquiries to assistance with registration and getting rid of holds.
University President Robert Manuel said the students at UIndy have to engage with lots of different entities and organizations. Students are often sent to the right office, but have to do it themselves, he said. By being disconnected due to COVID-19, he said it made sense to have an educational navigator for students who had questions or needed opportunities to be made for them. The conversation for this started and Manuel gave the idea over to the Sunni Manges, assistant director of the Center for Advising and Student Achievement, or CASA.
“[The Student Solution Center] is a new approach using a way to access the existing really good services that are already available for folks that just need a concierge person to walk them through it,” Manuel said. “It’s a guide for a student to figure out how to really solve questions so that they’re not suffering in silence or figuring out how to navigate it themselves.”
Manges is in charge of the Student Solution Center and directing students to the answers they need. According to Manges, the center helps all students— freshmen to seniors — with any questions they have, ranging from financial aid to registration.
“The idea is that any question that a student brings to the center to Sunni [Manges] … gets stewarded to an answer,” Manuel said. “So, a student would come in and explain their question to Sunni, and Sunni would help them call the office or probably, maybe even do the work herself and let the student know so that the student doesn’t have to go to two or three or four different offices to figure out the solution.”
According to Manuel, Manges is connected to almost every administrative office on campus and she is uniquely positioned to know who, where and what needs to be connected. He said Manges has a pretty unique background that allows her to understand how to navigate and has the mentality to care about student success.
Manges said she is glad students feel comfortable coming to her for help.
“I’ve been around this university for a really long time, been an advisor to a lot of you [students],” Manges said. “So, hopefully, I’ve made a connection and a relationship there where people feel comfortable coming to me and know they can be real and get some real answers too. That’s what I strive for.”
Manges said the requests come to her from different ways and she tried to keep more strict data, but with issues being multifaceted, it became muddy really quickly. She said that over 50 forms filled out for the solution center online and has had others reach out through emailing her. Manges said the solution center has kept her very busy and that all requests — little and big — take some time.
“ … there’s been a lot of action from the student side, and the faculty and staff as well,” Manges said. “They’ve done a great job too at recognizing if there’s a student that isn’t coming to class, or if there’s something that’s been shared with them, they’ll reach out to me. … then, I’ve done the connection with the student just to see what the issues are and see what we can get solved.”Students can make an in-person or virtual appointment by emailing [email protected] or filling out a student solution form, which can be found online or in the UIndy App at any time. | https://reflector.uindy.edu/2021/02/24/uindy-student-solution-center/ |
In light of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak please see our latest notice on the measurements and precautions our center is taking.
Get the latest information for the Center of Health Protection: https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/index.html
Get the latest information from the Education Bureau: https://www.edb.gov.hk/index.html
Tape Rescue
Duration: 30 to 45 mins
Tips:
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The items can be taped on the floor or table, or a tray
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Different tapes has different stickiness
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The length of the tape can make a difference
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Ask children to help stick!
Materials:
Masking tape/painters tape/box tape/tape
Animal toys
Instructions: | https://www.thebabyhood.com/tape-rescue |
Lately, I have been a mood of scientific scepticism: I have the feeling that the worldwide academic system is more and more failing to produce useful research. Christophe Lalanne’s twitter feed lead me to an interesting article in a non-mainstream journal: A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias, by Shinichi Nakagawa.
Each study performed has a probability of being wrong. Thus performing many studies will lead to some wrong conclusions by chance. This is known in statistics as the multiple comparisons problem. When a working hypothesis is not verified empirically in a study, this null finding is seldom reported, leading to what is called publication bias: discoveries are further studied; negative results are usually ignored (Y. Benjamini). Because only discoveries, called detections in statistical terms, are reported, published results contain more false detections than the individual experiments and very little false negatives. Arguably, the original investigators have corrected using the understanding that they gained the experiments performed and account in a post-hoc analysis for the fact that some of their working hypothesis could not have been correct. Such a correction can work only in a field where there is a good mechanistic understanding, or models, such as physics, but in my opinion not in life and social sciences.
Let me quote some relevant extracts of the article, as you may never have access to it thanks to the way scientific publishing works:
Recently, Jennions and Moller (2003) carried out a meta-analysis on statistical power in the field of behavioral ecology and animal behavior, reviewing 10 leading journals including Behavioral Ecology. Their results showed dismayingly low average statistical power (note that a meta-analytic review of statistical power is different from post hoc power analysis as criticized in Hoenig and Heisey, 2001). The statistical power of a null hypothesis (Ho) significance test is the probability that the test will reject Ho when a research hypothesis (Ha) is true.
…
The meta-analysis on statistical power by Jennions and Moller (2003) revealed that, in the field of behavioral ecology and animal behavior, statistical power of less than 20% to detect a small effect and power of less than 50% to detect a medium effect existed. This means, for example, that the average behavioral scientist performing a statistical test has a greater probability of making a Type II error (or beta) (i.e., not rejecting Ho when Ho is false; note that statistical power is equals to 1 - beta) than if they had flipped a coin, when an experiment effect is of medium size.
…
Imagine that we conduct a study where we measure as many relevant variables as possible, 10 variables, for example. We find only two variables statistically significant. Then, what should we do? We could decide to write a paper highlighting these two variables (and not reporting the other eight at all) as if we had hypotheses about the two significant variables in the first place. Subsequently, our paper would be published. Alternatively, we could write a paper including all 10 variables. When the paper is reviewed, referees might tell us that there were no significant results if we had “appropriately” employed Bonferroni corrections, so that our study would not be advisable for publication. However, the latter paper is scientifically more important than the former paper. For example, if one wants to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate an overall effect in a specific area of study, the latter paper is five times more informative than the former paper. In the long term, statistical significance of particular tests may be of trivial importance (if not always), although, in the short term, it makes papers publishable. Bonferroni procedures may, in part, be preventing the accumulation of knowledge in the field of behavioral ecology and animal behavior, thus hindering the progress of the field as science. | http://gael-varoquaux.info/science/the-problems-of-low-statistical-power-and-publication-bias.html |
Students will certainly be aware that your body responds to changes in the environment (for example, through warm regulation), but may be confused about what reasons these responses and also how castle occur. They might not be conscious of the human being body’s two important communication systems, the worried system and the endocrine (hormone) system.
You are watching: Which system coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment?
Students may focus on nerves with particular attention to your feelings, however may not take into consideration them in relationship to how the body responds come the environment (internal and also external). They do realise the speed with i m sorry nerves run with respect to their feelings, for instance the rate with which joy can readjust to sadness or anger. College student are additionally often unaware or confused around the nervous system as a whole and also the connection that exists between the different parts of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord and nerves).
Research: Driver (1994)
The human being body responds to hormones in a sustained, widespread way. Students will have heard about hormones (especially in relationship to pimples and the contraceptive pill), however they are likely to be confused about how they function. Their everyday experiences may mean that part students are much more familiar with certain hormone functions (such as diabetics), 보다 others (such as joy as a an outcome of the actions of endorphins).
Students often hear around hormones in the media. For example, they may have actually heard that chickens space fed hormones and also that when human beings eat these chicken they are impacted in various ways, together as much faster maturation the children. However, student have small knowledge of how this might occur. They may likewise have heard about the usage of expansion hormone by athletes, though they are likely to be confused about its source or the details that its role.
Research: Driver (1994)
Scientific view
Humans have two types of communication systems. These are the nervous system and also the endocrine (hormone) system. These systems regulate body procedures through chemical and also electrical signals the pass between cells. The pathways for this interaction are different for each system.
Research: Evans, Ladiges, McKenzie, Batterham & Sanders (2007)
Responses triggered by hormones are normally slower and much more sustained 보다 the responses the the nervous device which space targeted and also short lived. Responses of the hormone system influence cells the are most likely to be widely dispersed throughout the body, such together the hormones involved in sex-related maturation, whereas the plot of nerves are likely to be more targeted.
Further details may it is in sourced from the college of Washington: Neuroscience for Kids.
Critical to teach ideasThe nervous and endocrine systems space two forms of communication system in the human body the integrate, coordinate and respond to sensory info which is got by the human body native its surroundings.In both the nervous and the endocrine mechanism signals space passed indigenous one cabinet to another by chemical communication.In the nervous system, nerve cell send messages electrochemically: this method that chemicals reason an electric impulse indigenous one cell to another. This solution is targeted and also short lived. In the endocrine system, glands secrete hormones into the blood that take trip to the target guts to impact a more widespread and also sustained response.
Teaching activities
Clarify and consolidate principles for/by communication to others
Students compare and also contrast the nervous and also endocrine systems with every other and other everyday communication systems the they are supplied to dealing with.
a) Students write a research report comparing and also contrasting wireless modern technology (computer systems) through the hormone and also nervous system. They must look specifically at the speed of solution and the details carried.
b) Students said the human communication systems (nervous and also hormone) to communication systems in society and the technology that is supplied (such together mobile phones and landline telephones) and also make comparisons in between them.
Promote enjoy on and also clarification of existing ideas
Teachers should enable students come experience and build their understanding by experimenting, researching and modelling.
Research: Lewis (1999)
b) Endocrine (hormonal) responses are much slower and also sustained for longer. To check out the endocrine system students can create a big display of the hormone system. Using a big piece of paper, castle should draw an synopsis of a student and also fix it come the wall. Students climate research information on various glands and also the function of the hormones they produce. They attract pictures the the glands, rod each photo to the human body outline and attach information around the hormone that is produced. This task could be expanded by researching information on problems created by as well low or too high levels of hormones.
See more: What Can I Substitute For Lemon Zest In A Recipe, Fret Not, Try These Substitutes
Research: Lewis (1999)
Further resources
Science associated interactive learning objects can be discovered on the FUSE Teacher sources page. | https://keolistravelservices.com/which-system-coordinates-the-body-s-response-to-changes-in-its-internal-and-external-environment/ |
An alert dog groomer uncovered what could be a case of animal neglect and cruelty in Shelby County. The pet owner originally called Local 24 News claiming the dog had been snatched by the groomer, but things took a turn when the Local I-Team started digging into the situation.
It all started Wednesday around 5:30 p.m. when Aussie Mobile Grooming rolled up to a Raleigh address for what was supposed to be a holiday grooming appointment for 5-year-old mix Kaycee.
Further inspection of the pup uncovered the dog’s fur was heavily matted. It’s something the owner, who we are not identifying because she hasn’t been charged, doesn’t deny.
But once Kaycee’s hair was cut, the groomer noticed blood near the animal’s eyes. Concerned, she rushed her to Animal Emergency Center on Summer Avenue.
Kaycee’s owner told the grooming service she would pay for the cut but not the vet bill, stating she didn’t have the money and that her pet’s bloody eye wasn’t her fault.
A checkup by the vet on staff revealed wounds had formed on the animal’s eyes and that the animal showed signs of malnutrition, weighing in just under 5 pounds.
The Local I-Team obtained the vet’s medical report which stated, “Groomer noted terrible living conditions and husbandry provided by the owner. There was sever facial matting that resulted in hair being stuck to the cornea.” The report went on to say, “there is severe, generalized muscle atrophy. Overall the patient is very week. Based on the clinical findings and history provided by the groomer, it is my recommendation that animal neglect/cruelty charges be investigated.”
Following the vet visit the groomer did not return the animal, claiming Kaycee’s owner verbally agreed to turn the dog over.
However, Kaycee’s owner disputes that.
“She has been our pet for 16 months. She’s always been thin,” said the owner in an email. “She eats 2-3 times each day every day, so there were never any concerns about her weight. Also, she wasn’t groomed which is why I solicited the services of a groomer.”
After we started asking questions about the animal, Memphis Animal Services got involved.
Our camera was rolling as Memphis Police, and MAS confiscated the animal from the groomer.
The groomer told the Local I-Team the office paid for the vet bill, and it is reviewing it’s reporting policies.
It’s now up to MAS to conduct its own investigation into allegations of animal cruelty and neglect. | https://www.localmemphis.com/news/local-news/mas-investigating-possible-case-of-animal-neglect-and-cruelty-in-raleigh/ |
RELATED APPLICATION
TECHNICAL FIELD
PRIOR ART
SUMMARY
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present application claims priority from Italian application No.: TO2012A000482 filed on Jun. 1, 2012.
Various embodiments relate to lighting modules.
Various embodiments provide lighting modules in which the distribution of the emitted light is modifiable.
There are known lighting modules comprising at least one light source, such as one or more LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) or other solid state lighting means mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB).
Typically, a lighting module further comprises optical means such as lenses or reflectors configured to determine the distribution of the light emitted by the light sources.
The distribution of the emitted light is therefore typically predetermined and is dependent on the specific optical means used.
Therefore, in order to change the distribution of the emitted light, either these optical means must be replaced with other optical means, or the position of the light source relative to the optical means must be modified.
Various embodiments provide solutions which enable the distribution of the light emitted by a lighting module to be varied without the need to change components of the lighting module. Various embodiments also relate to a corresponding integrated lighting device.
In various embodiments, use is made of a lighting module comprising a base structure and a plurality of light points which generate light radiation.
As a general rule, these light points are coupled to the base structure, which may, for example, be a printed circuit board. However, in order to allow modification of the radiation pattern of the lighting module, at least one light point has a radiation pattern with rotational asymmetry. Furthermore, the base structure allows the light point to be coupled with different orientations. Consequently, the same light point can have different orientations with respect to the base structure, and therefore, because of the asymmetry in the radiation pattern of the light point, the radiation pattern of the whole lighting module can be modified.
For example, in various embodiments, the light point includes a light source, such as an LED, coupled rigidly to a support. The light point further comprises optical means, such as a lens or a reflector, which have a radiation pattern with rotational asymmetry. The rotational asymmetry of the light point is therefore created by these optical means.
In various embodiments, the orientation of the light point can be set in a continuous manner; in other words, the light point can be rotatable with respect to the base structure. For example, in various embodiments, the support of the light point has a circular cross section, and the base structure comprises at least one cavity which has a shape substantially complementary to the shape of the support of the light point.
Finally, in order to allow the rotation of the light point, in various embodiments, the electrical connection between the light point and the base structure is provided by means of a slidable connection.
The whole of the light point, and not just the lens, can therefore be rotatable. Indeed, the inventors have observed that it is difficult to rotate the lenses and/or reflectors separately, because they typically have mechanical attachment systems (such as clips or pins) for securing them rigidly to the PCB or to the casing and for positioning them correctly with respect to the LED.
The following description illustrates various specific details intended to provide a clearer understanding of the embodiments. The embodiments may be produced without one or more of the specific details, or may use other methods, components, materials, etc. In other cases, known structures, materials or operations are not shown or described in detail, in order to avoid obscuring various aspects of the embodiments.
The reference to “an embodiment” in this description is intended to indicate that a particular configuration, structure or characteristic described in relation to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, phrases such as “in one embodiment”, which may be present in various parts of this description, do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific formations, structures or characteristics may be combined in a suitable way in one or more embodiments. The references used herein are provided purely for convenience and therefore do not define the scope of protection or the extent of the embodiments.
As mentioned above, the present description can be used to produce solutions in which the distribution of the emitted light is modifiable.
FIG. 1
20
24
shows a possible embodiment of a lighting module of this type, which comprises a plurality of light points .
20
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24
24
24
24
a
b
c
d.
For example, in the embodiment under consideration, the lighting module comprises a base structure and four light points , , and
24
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24
24
24
24
20
20
24
In various embodiments, one or more of these light points can be rotated or pivoted with respect to the base structure . In particular, in various embodiments, these rotatable light points have a radiation pattern with rotational asymmetry. The orientation of the radiation profile of a light point can therefore be modified by rotating the respective light point . However, a change in the radiation pattern of a light point also affects the radiation pattern of the whole lighting module ; in other words, the radiation pattern of the whole lighting module can be modified by controlling the orientation of the light points .
FIGS. 2A and 2B
24
24
246
242
show a possible embodiment of a light point . In the embodiment considered here, the light point comprises a light source , such as an LED, which is mounted on a support .
FIG. 2B
242
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For example, in one embodiment (see, in particular, ), the support is a printed circuit board which comprises electrical tracks for powering the light source . For example, this printed circuit board can be made of FR4 or could also have a metal core.
24
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246
In the embodiment considered here, the rotational asymmetry in the radiation pattern of the light point is created by optical means which are mounted in the path of the light emitted by the source .
248
In particular, according to the present description, these optical means have rotational asymmetry. For example, lenses or reflectors having different radiation patterns in two transverse directions can be used for this purpose.
246
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242
In particular, in the embodiment considered here, the light source and the optical means, in other words the lens , are coupled rigidly to the support .
FIG. 3
22
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226
shows a possible embodiment of the base structure . In the embodiment considered here, the base structure comprises a printed circuit board . For example, in one embodiment, this printed circuit board comprises electrical tracks for powering the light sources . For example, in the embodiment considered here, these electrical tracks are connected to two contacts which, in turn, can be used for connection to an electronic converter.
22
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The base structure also comprises means for supporting the light points . These support means enable a light point to be coupled to the base structure in different orientations. For example, in the embodiment considered here, the printed circuit board comprises, for each light point , a cavity which has a cross section substantially complementary to the cross section of the support of the light point . For example, in the embodiment considered here, the support is disk-shaped; in other words, it has a circular cross section, and therefore the cavities also have circular cross sections. These cavities are preferably equidistant from each other. In various embodiments, the printed circuit board is fastened to the casing of the lighting module or to another supporting structure. For example, the printed circuit board could be mounted on a heat sink. Additionally, the printed circuit board could be mounted together with a respective electronic converter within an integrated lighting system.
FIG. 4
24
228
242
24
228
As also shown in , the light points are inserted into these cavities . Consequently, in the embodiment considered here, the support of a light point can be rotated directly within the respective cavity .
242
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228
In general, however, supports and cavities of other shapes can also be used. For example, in one embodiment, the supports and the cavities have cross sections in the form of a regular polygon. In this case, the light point is not directly rotatable within the cavity , but the light point can be removed from the cavity and can be reinserted with a different orientation.
24
242
228
Furthermore, it is not necessary for all the light points to have the same shape. However, in order to make the system modular, it is preferable for all the supports and cavities to have the same shape.
24
22
Therefore, according to the present description, a light point can be coupled to the base structure with different orientations.
24
24
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24
In various embodiments, after the orientation of the light point has been set, the light point is fastened by suitable fastening means to the base structure ; in other words, these fastening means can be used to lock the movement, or the orientation, of a light point .
FIGS. 5A to 5C
242
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For example, show an embodiment in which the support is fastened to the printed circuit board by means of at least one screw .
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In particular, in the embodiment considered here, this screw interacts with a corresponding opening in the base structure , in other words in the printed circuit board , and presses a locking element against the support of the light point . For example, in the embodiment considered here, the locking element comprises a through hole for this purpose.
222
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As mentioned above, the printed circuit board can be mounted on a support structure, such as a cooling body. In this case, the screw or screws can be used to fasten the printed circuit board simultaneously to this support structure.
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In particular, in the embodiment considered here, the locking element has a dual function. On one hand, the locking element fastens the light point to the base structure and locks the movement of the light point . On the other hand, the locking element is configured to provide the electrical connection between the base structure and the light point , in other words between the tracks of the printed circuit board and the tracks of the support . For this purpose, the locking element comprises a metal element or is made at least partially of a metallic material. For example, in the embodiment considered here, the locking element is made in the form of a rectangular plastic parallelepiped and comprises within itself a metal link, such as a bent metal strip.
FIGS. 3B and 5C
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Additionally, as shown for example in , the electrical tracks are preferably brought to the edge of the support and enable the light point to be electrically connected in different orientations; in other words, the electrical tracks at least partially follow the edge of the support . For example, for a circular support , the electrical tracks can follow the whole edge of the support , or can follow a circumferential line within the support . Consequently, in the embodiment considered here, the tracks and the locking element form a sliding contact. For this purpose, at least a part of the tracks is exposed; in other words it is not covered by the solder mask or other insulating layers.
232
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As a general rule, the locking element may also comprise a plurality of metal elements , in order to provide a plurality of electrical contacts between the printed circuit board and the light point .
242
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a
b
a
b
However, in the embodiment considered here, the support is fastened to the base structure by means of two locking elements and , and each locking element forms only one electrical contact. In this case, the locking elements and are preferably arranged on opposite sides of the support . For example, this type of fastening may be advantageous in the case in which the light points are arranged in line and are electrically connected in series, this being a typical arrangement for what are known as linear LED modules.
24
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As mentioned above, each light point can comprise optical means , such as a lens or a reflector, which have rotational asymmetry. In this context, the rotational asymmetry relates to rotation about an axis which is perpendicular to the support . For example, this rotational asymmetry may be created by the shape of the lens and/or by the material used.
FIGS. 6A and 6C
248
In this context, show an optical lens which can be used for this purpose.
248
In the embodiment considered here, the lens has a structure in the shape of a peanut, in other words a shape substantially formed by the intersection of two spheres.
FIG. 6C
FIG. 6B
248
For example, shows the radiation pattern of the lens in two orthogonal planes. For example, as shown in , reference may be made to a first plane corresponding to the longitudinal direction (L=0°) and a second plane corresponding to the transverse direction (L=90°).
FIG. 6C
In particular, shows the radiation pattern for these two planes, which in both cases depend on the angle of view with reference to the respective plane.
FIG. 6C
In particular, shows that, in the embodiment considered here, the radiation patterns in these two orthogonal planes are different. Furthermore, whereas the radiation pattern in the longitudinal direction (L=0°) is substantially symmetrical, the radiation pattern in the transverse direction (L=90°) is asymmetrical.
248
248
the radiation patterns differ between the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, and/or
the radiation pattern in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction is asymmetrical with respect to the axis of the angle of view.
Therefore, the rotational asymmetry of the lens , or of the optical means in general, can have the following consequences:
FIGS. 7A to 7F
20
show some examples of configurations that can be obtained with the lighting module described above.
FIG. 7A
24
24
In particular, in the embodiment shown in , all the light points are in the initial position; in other words, the angle of rotation for all the light points is 0°.
FIGS. 7B
7
7
24
On the other hand, , C and D show embodiments in which the light points have an angle of rotation of 90°, 180° and 270° respectively.
20
20
FIG. 7C
FIG. 7A
FIGS. 7B and 7D
In particular, owing to the asymmetry of the radiation pattern in the transverse direction, the radiation pattern of the lighting module shown in will be different from the radiation pattern of the lighting module shown in , and the same is also true of the radiation patterns of the configurations shown in .
242
Furthermore, as mentioned above, the angle of rotation may be set in a continuous manner for circular supports .
FIG. 7E
24
For example, shows an embodiment in which all the light points have an angle of rotation of 135°.
24
24
Finally, it is also possible for each light point to have a different angle of rotation; in other words, the angle of rotation of each light point can be set independently.
FIG. 7F
24
24
24
24
a
c
b
d
For example, shows an embodiment in which the first and third light points and have an angle of rotation of 0° and the second and fourth light points and have an angle of rotation of 180°.
20
Consequently, the solutions described here have numerous advantages, especially the possibility of obtaining different radiation patterns with the same lighting module , without any need to change the optical devices, the light sources or their mounting.
24
242
24
20
24
20
20
24
24
248
Furthermore, solutions using a light point with a circular support allow the orientation of the light point to be changed in a continuous manner without the need to detach components of the lighting module . However, owing to the modular structure, it is also possible to use different light points in the same lighting module . For example, it would be a simple matter to produce a lighting module comprising light points which emit, red, green and blue light respectively, and/or each light point could have an optical device having a different radiation pattern.
24
Finally, the solutions described here can be used for any arrangement of light points . For example, the solutions described here can be used both in linear LED modules and in LED arrays.
Clearly, provided that the principle of the disclosed embodiments is retained, the details of construction and forms of embodiment can be varied, even to a significant degree, from what has been illustrated herein purely by way of non-limiting example, without thereby departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments, as defined in the attached claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various embodiments will now be described, purely by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, of which:
FIG. 1
shows a lighting module according to the disclosed embodiment,
FIGS. 2A to 2B
FIG. 1
3
4
5
5
6
6
, , , A to C and A to C show miscellaneous details of the lighting module of , and
FIGS. 7A to 7F
FIG. 1
show different configurations that can be obtained with the lighting module of . | |
The first part of the calf muscle which is named Gastrocnemius is made up of two heads, the medial and the lateral.
These can be very impressive when developed and are a visible oval shape.
The other part of the calf muscle, the Soleus, is not visible as it lies beneath the Gastrocnemius.
LOCATION OF THE CALF MUSCLES
The calf muscles are at the back of the lower leg starting from behind the knee and ending at the ankle. Try standing on your toes and you will know exactly which muscle they are as you will work them instantly.
FUNCTION OF THE CALF MUSCLES
The function of the calf muscle is to raise the heel.
ABOUT THE CALF MUSCLE
Big popping calves look awesome on any physique. Many Aesthetic Bodybuilders recommended hitting the calves super hard due to the nature of the muscle, having to walk and stand up for many hours each day. | http://www.aestheticworld.com/muscles/calf/ |
Q:
In my JDBC project, always if condition returns false
this is my service
I tried in various ways,but it always returns false when comparing strings inside a if condition, if(pwd==dbpw) is also return false, every time like this code.
public boolean authenticate(String email,String pwd){
boolean result=false;
String dbpw="";
DBConnect myDB=new DBConnect();
Connection con=myDB.getConnection();
try {
Statement mySt=con.createStatement();
//ResultSet myRes=mySt.executeQuery("select pwd from admin where email=\'"+email+"\'");
ResultSet myRes=mySt.executeQuery("select pwd from admin where email=\'[email protected]\'");
while(myRes.next()){
dbpw=myRes.getString("pwd");
}
if(pwd.equals(dbpw)){
result=true;
}else{
result=false;
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally{
return result;
}
}
I try with more inputs, but always output is false, But database retrieve correct value and,that problem occurs when comparing inside a if condition.
please help me.
A:
you can check your viraible contains the whitespace :
pwd=request.getParameter("pwd").toString().trim();
before return, you can print the value to your console:
System.out.println("pwd:" + pwd + ",dbpw:" + dbpw + ",isequal:" + pwd.equals(dbpw));
}
| |
Vain Lily Blackwood and her shy brother Silas wonder if their family will ever settle in one place long enough to lead a normal life. When a mysterious stranger arrives claiming to be their uncle, they discover their parents have been hiding a secret that turns their world upside down.
The two are kidnapped to Nightfall Gardens, the family’s ancestral home, a place shrouded in ancient mystery, where they meet their dying grandmother and learn of an age-old curse placed on Blackwood females.
Lily must take over as protector of the house and three haunted gardens that hold mythical beasts, fairy-tale nightmares and far worse. If she doesn’t, the evil trapped there will be unleashed and bring on a new dark age.
While she deals with malevolent ghosts inside the house, Silas is put to work in the gardens, where one wrong step means death.
Along the way, they search to unlock the secrets of the house and to stop the creatures in the gardens before time runs out and the world is destroyed.
| |
An intentional attitude is one of the 7-Part DESIGN for Empowerment.
First, strive to be self-aware and understand who you are at your core. Explore your strengths and weaknesses. Investigate your body, mind, heart and spirit.
You have an accumulation of experiences, practical, sensory and intuitive knowledge that conditions your thinking, emotions and behaviour. These conditional ways of being can manifest in ways that impact on your well-being.
It is essential to ask, “Who am I?” and have and open mind in the discovery process in order to fully know yourself and make changes for the better. Don’t let fear and being vulnerable stand in your path of reaching your potential. Be engaged in the full realm of your identity-matrix.
Expand your knowledge and truth for insightful understandings of the world around you. Become a philosopher of life asking questions. instil your imaginative skills to enhance the expanse of alternative solutions. We create new paths for our journeys.
When we illuminate the darkness we bring in the light by being discerning, honestly reflective, and clear-minded.
Consciousness is the energy which enables the creation of ideas, solutions. connections and growth.
Practice embodied and down-to-earth spirituality. Integrate spiritual practice with psychological growth and healing. Use both logic and intuition. Experience the feminine along with the masculine. Understand the principles of Tao and the yin-yang within and surrounding you.
Ground spirituality in daily life. Seek to unify all parts of your nature. Bring nature into your life as a dominant environment for exploration of your soul as well as other parts of your identity matrix.
Be prepared to work towards forgiving and letting go as you make meaningful connections.
Inherently, we seek the wholeness, balance, and and cohesive connections within and with the world. By respecting both your wild nature and eternal soul, you are permitting yourself to be both human and divine.
~ Be passionate and sincere in a wholehearted, empathetic and compassionate way. Be genuine, open, receptive, and humble.
~ Pay attention to your intentions and strive to aim towards joy, balance and harmony.
~ Nurture yourself and be attentive to all of your needs.
~ Become your own best friend. Practice self-compassion and self-acceptance with intrinsic trust and self-respect, unconditionally.
Consider the fact that you are unique. Gain deep knowledge of what this really is. Find your truths and treasure them. Embrace this and take the path less traveled as long as it is genuine reflection of your truths from your body, mind, heart, soul and spirit. Challenge the status quo and venture into non-conformity. Don’t try to be someone you’re not.
Practice radical authenticity as you take agency over your identity-narrative. Do what feels true and honest to you. Listen to your calling and defend your authenticity, passionately and with integrity.
The approach to a good life has risen out of the historical and philosophical debris – the idea of eudaimonia and well-being.
Aristotle was the originator of the concept of eudaimonia (from ‘daimon’ – true nature). He deemed happiness to be a vulgar idea, stressing that not all desires are worth pursuing as, even though some of them may yield pleasure, they would not produce wellness.
Aristotle thought that true happiness is found by leading a virtuous life and doing what is worth doing. He argued that realizing human potential is the ultimate human goal.
This idea was further developed in history by prominent thinkers, such as Stoics, who stressed the value of self-discipline, and John Locke, who argued that happiness is pursued through prudence. | https://artofbeingauthentic.com/design-to-empower/intentions |
Situated at the very top of Dalt Vila, within unique surroundings, you will find Kyupiddo.
Japanese fusion food made with the best produce from the Mediterranean Sea… and the result? Creative dishes which combine different textures and shapes to offer a unique presentation. A pleasure for the most experienced taste buds in a dreamy location perfect for an unforgettable evening.
But beyond the cuisine, Kyupiddo is also the perfect place to hold a wedding, opening or a special party. The incredible views and the beautiful surroundings make it one of the most magical places on the island for organising events that will leave no one disappointed.
It is without doubt an intimate place and an experience for your senses. | https://facefoodmag.com/en/restaurants/ibiza/kyupiddo |
Africa is an increasingly important business context, yet we still know very little about it. We review the challenges and opportunities that firms in Africa face and propose that these can serve as the basis for extending current theories and models of the firm. We do so by challenging some of the implicit assumptions and stereotypes on firms in Africa and proposing three avenues for extending theories. One is taking the extreme conditions of some Africa countries and using them as a laboratory for modifying current theories and models of the firm, as we illustrate in the case of institutional theory and the resource-based view. A second one is identifying new themes that arise from analyzing firms in Africa and their contexts of operation, and we discuss four themes: migrating multinationals and the meaning of home country, diaspora networks within and across countries, a recasting of cultural and institutional distance, and new hybrid organizational forms. A third one is developing new theories based on alternative paradigms of social relationships that have emerged in Africa that differ from those underpinning existing theories of the firm, such as kgotla and its view of community-based relationships or ubuntu and its humanizing view of relationships. | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3012965 |
WELLINGTON, New Zealand - Scotland players are said to be upset and "gutted" that their fans aren't allowed to play bagpipes in stadiums at the Rugby World Cup.
Scotland kicking coach Duncan Hodge says the ban on musical instruments in stadiums has been depriving the team of a traditional source of motivation.
The Scots next face Argentina in a crucial Pool B match at Wellington Regional Stadium on Sunday.
The World Cup organizers' catch-all prohibition on musical instruments has been deemed to include bagpipes, which have stirred Scottish hearts for centuries.
Matt Strachan wrote to New Zealand's prime minister when Strachan was told the bagpipes he had carried from Scotland to New Zealand for the World Cup could not be played at his team's games.
The Scotland government has supported Strachan's call for a relaxation of the ban and the lone piper's Facebook page has drawn thousands of supporters.
"I've played the pipes in most of the UK stadiums and also in France during the last World Cup and they have always been gratefully received," Strachan said. "Why then after many sporting years have the World Cup organizers decided against having them in stadiums?"
Hodge said Scottish players were disappointed they may not hear the skirl of the pipes as the face Argentina. The winner of the match may join England in advancing from Pool B to the tournament's quarterfinals.
"I think the Scots would be a bit gutted if they were (banned)," Hodge said. "The guys would rather have bagpipes than not, put it that way.
"When you arrive at the ground and are warming up, you quite like to hear the sound of bagpipes. The Argentineans I'd imagine would have all kinds of support, so it would be nice to cancel that out with a few bagpipes." | https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2011/09/21/bagpipe-ban-riles-scots-a_n_973267.html |
Definition - What does Bahiranga mean?
Bahiranga is a Sanskrit term meaning “external,” “outer” or “outside.” Bahiranga yoga, therefore, refers to external yoga or the outer path. It is typically associated with the first four limbs of the Eight Limbs of Yoga, or Ashtanga yoga – yama, niyama, asana and pranayama. Sometimes the fifth limb, pratyahara, is included as well.
Bahiranga trataka is a method of meditation that involves staring at an external object, such as a candle flame or black dot. Bahiranga cetana is the concept of external consciousness.
Bahiranga yoga practices complement and lead to Antaranga yoga, or the inner path, which typically is described as the final three or four limbs, culminating in samadhi, the state of enlightenment and ecstasy.
The five yamas, or personal virtues – ahimsa (non-violence), satya (truthfulness), asteya (not stealing), brahmacharya (self-discipline and self-denial) and aparigraha (non-possessiveness).
The five niyamas, or codes of behavior – shaucha (purity of mind and body), santosha (contentment), tapas (self-discipline), svadhyaya (self-study) and ishvara pranidhana (devotion to a higher source).
The asanas, or postures that Westerners most often associate with yoga practice. They strengthen and discipline the body and the mind.
Pranayama, or breathing exercises, rejuvenates the body and mind by sending the life force energy where needed.
Pratyahara is considered part of Bahiranga yoga by some yogis and part of Antaranga yoga by others. It is the transition between the external and inner practices. Pratyahara is the transcending or withdrawal of the senses. In this practice, the yogi observes the external world objectively to enhance his/her inner growth. | https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/5648/bahiranga |
The Conejo Valley Unified School District recognizes each child is unique and when differences are celebrated, a community of inclusivity, kindness, and respect results, which enhances the learning for all. CVUSD is committed to acknowledging historically marginalized individuals and/or communities by working together to break down barriers as well as ensuring the full and equal access to opportunities and resources.
Universal Design for Learning in CVUSD
-
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an instructional mindset that acknowledges the variability of all learners and seeks to remove barriers to learning by providing multiple means of engagement, representation, action and expression. UDL strengthens the universal instruction provided for all students by intentionally designing a learning environment to be more accessible and inclusive for diverse student learners.
UDL was introduced to all CVUSD teachers during a full day of professional learning in August 2019. This kickoff event featured a keynote address by renowned author and practitioner Dr. Katie Novak. This training was followed up in November 2019 when all teachers worked collaboratively to determine barriers to student learning and then apply the UDL Guidelines as grade-level or content area departments. Continued training has been provided since the launch of UDL in CVUSD through additional teacher collaboration, district-led training for administrators, principal-led training for school sites, and through continual "UDL Learning Walks", in which teams of educators observe their colleagues' classrooms to identify and discuss the applications of UDL.
Multi Tiered System of Supports (MTSS)
-
According to the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) is a “comprehensive continuum of evidence-based, systemic practices to support a rapid response to students’ needs, with regular observation to facilitate data-based instructional decision making.” In CVUSD, the MTSS process embraces inclusion and diversity while providing the supports that students need. MTSS is a collaborative problem-solving process used to identify concerns, develop interventions, and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in a multi-tiered system of service delivery.
Co-Teaching in CVUSD
-
Co-teaching is an inclusive instructional strategy in which two teachers, a general education teacher and a special education teacher, partner to create a cohesive curriculum in which they co-plan, co-teach, and co-assess to provide access to the subject for ALL students. Co-teaching provides students with and without disabilities the opportunity to interact with and learn from both teachers and all students while gaining access to the curriculum in a more universally designed manner.
CVUSD offers various co-teaching classes in English, Social Studies, Science, and Math for grades 6 through 12. Students with IEPs may access their Specialized Academic Instruction services in a co-taught class based on the IEP team decisions. If your student's IEP does not indicate that a co-taught class is a required component of the least restrictive environment, and rather, a CP course that is not co-taught is named, you can request a co-taught class with the school counselor (this does not guarantee placement and is based on each student's required course and the overall master schedule at the school site).
Community Based Instruction
-
Community-based instruction (CBI) is a strategy or instructional method that promotes the teaching and use of academic and functional skills in the student’s community environment. CBI is designed to teach and promote student independence as much as possible in as many community environments as possible and to provide students with practice for independent or supported living, employment, and recreational activities. CVUSD students in specialized programs access CBI in settings that are relevant to the student, facilitate independence, and are age appropriate. Through CBI, students work on IEP goals in real-world situations, develop social and behavioral skills, are provided opportunities for inclusive interactions within the community, gain familiarity with the community, develop work skills, develop independent life skills, and develop communication skills. CBI is an instrumental component of CVUSD’s high school LEAP specialized programs as well as at Conejo Oaks Academy. Students participate in community trips concurrently with classroom instruction. Students engage and practice some skills in the classroom first while later practicing the skills in the community setting. | https://www.conejousd.org/Page/1675 |
The main aim of this proposed project is to develop a system to fulfil the requirements of guests in the hotel. This system should allow the customer to reserve the rooms in a hotel throughout the world. This is a computerized system. By using this system, the customer can check the availability of rooms in hotel and can make the room booking. Also, he can know information about the hotel. We can use this system to store the room booking information.
This System will provide the highest level of individual guest services through the comprehensive features. The main features of this system are:
- It stores the up-to date information of room reservations in hotel.
- It provides a brief description about the services offered by the hotel such as the food services, cab services, bed, laundry…etc.
- It manages the operations of hotel and processes the modules.
- It stores the history of guests and customers.
- It provides the hotel information ( i.e. location of the hotel, the total number of rooms in the hotel, the route map of the city showing the route to the hotel) to the customers.
When a customer arrives to the hotel, the hotel receptionist will access the room reservation information very easily and quickly. Then he will do the check-in process. By using this system, the receptionist can check the available rooms in hotel.
Software Requirements:
Operating System Server: Windows XP or later
Front End: Microsoft Visual Studio .Net-2008
Back End: Microsoft SQL Server-2005
User Interface: Asp.Net with Ajax
Client: Microsoft Internet Explorer
Hardware Requirements: | https://studentprojectguide.com/net-application-projects/correction-required-cyber-hotelier/ |
American Airlines Flight AA3678 connects Indianapolis, United States to Gainesville, United States, taking off from Indianapolis International Airport IND and landing at Gainesville Regional Airport GNV.The flight distance is 1174 km / 729 miles and the average flight speed is 257 km/h / 160 mph. In the last 30 days, the average delay of the flight was 0 minutes and the flight was on-time 100% of the times. The average flight time is 4 hours and 34 minutes.
This American Airlines flight can also be referenced as AAL3678, AA 3678, AAL 3678.
The latest flight took off on Monday, Oct 23rd, 2017 with the flight arrival status being Landed on 11:02.
See our Flight Tracker above for more details. | https://www.airportia.com/flights/aa3678/indianapolis/gainesville/ |
I’ve discussed before how the misdiagnosis of viral infections, typically respiratory illnesses, leads to massive improper use of antibiotics. It’s a problem in the UK too. From ScripNews (subscription only):
Antibiotics are prescribed to treat up to 80% of cases of sore throat, otitis media, upper respiratory tract infections and sinusitis in England and Wales, even though official guidance advises against this, a study published in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy has revealed.
The study was undertaken on behalf of the specialist advisory committee on antimicrobial resistance (SACAR), which was established in 2001 to advise on problems regarding antimicrobial resistance. Data were gathered using the general practice research database of consultations and prescriptions with researchers examining all consultations between 1998 and 2001.
Although the prescribing of antibiotics to treat respiratory tract infections fell in the 1990s, doctors continued to prescribe them to treat apparently virus-induced conditions, says the study. This practice contributes to the increasing resistance of disease-causing bacteria to drugs. According to the study, GPs often consider whether the patient has been prescribed antibiotics in the past for the same condition to determine whether or not to prescribe an antibiotic.
[the noise you’re hearing is the Mad Biologist banging his head against the table]
But it gets better (italics mine):
Another study undertaken on behalf of SACAR and sponsored by the department of health (and published in the same journal) revealed that patient awareness of the problems of prescribing antibiotics for viral infections was not associated with a lower likelihood of being prescribed an antibiotic. This study–in which 7,120 patients took part–also showed that good understanding of how to take antibiotics did not necessarily correspond to correct compliance. For example, patients who knew that the full course of antibiotics should always be completed said that they would keep left over antibiotics for subsequent use.
And now my head does this:
Sigh. | https://mikethemadbiologist.com/2007/08/18/did_i_mention_something_about_1/ |
Firstly, were you taught self-confidence growing up?
Many of us were not, and it is important to be patient with ourselves when that is the case. Confidence is a skill, so it takes times and effort to improve it.
Self confidence is a term used to describe how we view our abilities.
Those with self-confidence have trust in their own abilities, have a general sense of control in their life, and believe that, within reason, they will be able to do what they wish, plan and expect.
It is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive, yet realistic, views of themselves and their situations.
They have realistic expectations; when expectations are not met they continue to remain positive and to accept themselves.
Confident people can take necessary risks.
If you are self-confident, you can accept yourself and understand that you have both strengths and weaknesses.
Those with confident do not base it only on the opinions of others.
Self-confidence levels are not set in stone.
If you are confident you know what your skills and abilities are and believe you can succeed in what you have to do. If you lack confidence, you are not sure if you can complete the task successfully.
Self-efficacy: When we demonstrate skills, accomplish tasks, fulfill responsibilities, and achieve our goals, we build experiences that increase our sense of self-efficacy. This is because when you accomplish something, you will be confident that you can again.
What are some sources of self-confidence?
Look on the "can do" side of things rather than the "can't do"
ASK "Is this really important in the grand scheme of things?"
Act as if you have somewhere very important to go, you are on a confident mission and nothing is going to stop you!
You should be proud of the things you achieve, make sure the people around you know about it!
If something is bothering you ask yourself "In 10 or 20 years time - will what I am worrying about right now really matter?"
Self Confidence is how we feel about our specific abilities. It is our belief that we think our strengths and abilities are good enough to successfully complete a task or goal. We will re-calculate or re-assess our confidence for every situation. With high self-confidence, as discussed above, we feel assured that we can accomplish tasks, we are not affected negatively by failure or rejection, and we believe we can succeed when we push our boundaries and take risks.
Self-Esteem is how we feel about ourselves in light of other human beings. We consider their options and we measure ourselves according to the expectations of society as we understand them. It is often based comparisons with others, ourselves and other's expectations of ourselves. Self-Esteem is often thought of as how much we like ourselves as a person. With high self-esteem, we believe that we are doing well relative to our peers and feel as though we are respected and appreciated by others in our life.
Self-Worth is our sense of satisfaction with our lives, self and existence. It is a measure of whether or not we are happy with our accomplishments, and satisfied with what we are currently doing with our lives, and what our present path implies for our future. It is reflective of whether or not we feel good about our life and whether we feel like our lives are meaningful. With high self-worth we will value, respect and love ourselves and our efforts. | https://www.reachability.org/9024295878asset2018/2018/6/13/confidence-building |
Review of the environmental and socio-economic barriers and benefits to organic agriculture in Scotland
Report of the research carried out by Harper Adams University, on behalf of the Scottish Government, into the environmental and socio-economic barriers and benefits to organic agriculture in Scotland.
2. Rapid Evidence Assessment of the benefits and impacts of organic agriculture in Scotland
2.1. Introduction to the Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA)
A rapid evidence assessment of academic and grey literature was carried out to address the following questions:
Primary question:
‘What is the available evidence for the environmental and socio-economic benefits and impacts of organic agriculture versus conventional farming systems in Scotland?’
The question was broken down into a population, intervention, comparator and outcome (PICO) framework to support this process (Table 1).
Table 1: Question elements of the Rapid Evidence Assessment
|Population||Environment, Social-economy, Economy, Consumers, Farmers|
|Intervention||Organic agriculture|
|Comparator||Conventional agriculture/alternative non-organic agriculture|
|Outcome||Changes in the: environment (e.g. climate change, soil, water, soil erosion); social-economy (e.g. employment, rural development), and economy (e.g. rural economy). Public (consumer, farmer & grower) attitudes, behaviours and drivers towards organics, and solutions to increase demand and production|
Secondary questions:
1. What factors determine public attitudes and behaviours towards organic produce and influence consumer demand?
2. What factors have led to a decline in organic certified land in Scotland?
2.2 Scope of the REA
All retrieved studies were assessed for relevance using inclusion/exclusion criteria developed in collaboration with funders and subject experts as follows:
Relevant subjects: Studies that investigate the evidence for the environmental (e.g. biodiversity, soil health, climate change etc) and socio-economic (e.g. rural economy) benefits and impacts of organic agriculture compared to conventional farming systems in Scotland. Subjects for the secondary questions include factors affecting public attitudes and behaviours towards organic produce and the decline in organic certified land in Scotland.
Relevant types of study: Primary research and grey literature reports..
Geographical limits (primary question): The primary question focused on temperate countries with similar farming systems to the UK: Northern European countries (e.g. Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine); northern states of the USA, Canada and New Zealand.
Geographical limits (secondary question 1): The first secondary question focussed on Northern European countries as listed above.
Geographical limits (secondary question 2): The second secondary question focussed on Scotland only.
Farming types: cereal crops (wheat, oats, barley, oilseed rape, maize), potatoes, root vegetables, fresh produce, soft fruits, pasture and livestock systems
Language: Studies published in the English language
Date of Publication: No date restrictions
2.3 Method for the REA
The REA was conducted following Defra/Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) guidelines for the production of Quick Scoping Reviews and Rapid Evidence Assessments (Collins et al, 2015).
2.3.1. Scoping search
An initial scoping search was performed to validate the methodology. Keywords were tested for specificity and sensitivity using the online database ISI Web of Knowledge (Table 2). A wildcard (*) was used to pick up multiple word endings. For example, water* picks up water and waters. Keywords were also made more restrictive by the addition of a qualifier, or multiple qualifiers. A full list of the searches performed during initial scoping and the number of hits achieved is located in Appendices
Appendix 1.
2.3.2. Searches
Following discussion with the Scottish Government and the Review Team, the final search string used was:
(“Organic farm*” OR “Organic agricultur*”) AND (Environment* OR Water* OR Soil* OR Biodiversity OR “Climate change” OR "rural econom*" OR Consumer* OR Farm*)
Online literature databases, the first 50 hits of search engines, and websites of relevant organisations (Table 2) were searched with keywords to identify relevant literature. Other specific/specialised databases were searched where identified or recommended by experts within the field. Database and repository searches were conducted in the English language.
The results of each search term on each database were imported into a separate EndNote X7 library file. All the database libraries were incorporated into one library, recording the number of references captured. Using the automatic function in the EndNote X7 software duplicates were removed. A record of each search was made to enable a re-run of the search if needed. The following data was recorded: date the search was conducted; database name; search term; number of hits; and notes.
Table 2: Sources used for searching within the Rapid Evidence Assessment
2.3.3. Study inclusion
The collated evidence was screened for relevant articles by applying inclusion criteria developed at the inception meeting. We used Eppi Reviewer software for the screening stage. Examples of study inclusion criteria include relevant subjects, geographic area and date of publication.
A selection of articles were screened by two reviewers first at title and abstract and then at full text. Where there was uncertainty about inclusion of an article, both reviewers examined the text and a consensus agreement was made. The number of articles included and excluded at each stage was recorded. The resulting references were used to formulate a searchable systematic map database.
2.3.4. Systematic map database
A searchable systematic map database was created to describe the volume, nature and characteristics of the research/evidence relating to this REA. The map database helped identify knowledge gaps. Articles were coded and categorised using a combination of generic (full reference, location of study) and topic specific (e.g. organic, conventional, water, soil) keywords. The content of the systematic map database was discussed with topic experts and coding included: Full reference; publication date; location of study; type of evidence; population studied; intervention studied; comparator used; outcome measured; combined robustness and relevancy scores.
Where there was more than one article found for a study, each article was recorded and cross-referenced in the systematic map database. The database is searchable by topic and can be arranged according to topic areas, publication date, country of study etc. Subject experts reviewed the completed map to ensure all relevant categories were defined. Simple numerical accounts of the frequencies in each category were obtained from the map. Pivot tables were generated from the map to allow the reviewer to investigate trends in the evidence.
2.4. Results of the REA
A total of 10,217 articles were collated after removing duplicates. Initial screening of titles and abstracts was used to remove articles that were clearly not in scope. Common reasons for exclusion included studies with non-relevant geographical locations (nearly 500 studies were from India, China, Africa, and South America) or crop types (Rice, olive, coffee and grape for example), studies which focused on management methods (type of pest management, weed control, or fertilizer methods), and studies which focused purely on crop yields.
This initial exclusion reduced the number of relevant articles to 774, which were categorised into three groups: consumer/ farmer attitudes and behaviour, economics and environment. The articles within these groups were subject to a more detailed screening of the abstracts and a total of 323 studies were included in the final database. Table 3 shows the breakdown of these studies. Environmental studies were by far the most favoured theme (194 of 323 studies), with a particular focus upon habitat diversity and species richness (n=137). There were relatively low numbers of study outcomes directly related to humans. i.e. human health (n=17), labour (n=14), attitude (n=28) and behaviour (n=26). The number of studies with outcomes related to climate change (n=22) was also relatively low. A full database containing all the included studies is available as an additional excel file (Additional File 1).
Table 3: Total number of studies found within each of three categories in the Rapid Evidence Assessment
|Theme||Number of studies|
|Environment||194|
|Economic||117|
|Consumer/ Farmer attitudes and behaviour||44|
N.B studies covering more than one theme were categorised in multiple groups
Since 2014, the number of studies relevant to the inclusion criteria, has been lower than the relevant number of studies in 2005 (Figure 1).
Of the 323 studies included, 266 studies categorised ‘conventional’ farming as a comparative system to organic farming. This categorisation by authors was over twenty times more common than any other comparator (Figure 2).
Figure 1: The number of studies per year (2005-2018*) in the systematic map database.
N.B. Studies were recorded until July 2018.
Figure 2: The number of studies for each comparator system to organic farming.
Habitat/species richness was the most frequent outcome (137 studies), reflecting the greater environmental focus across the studies (Figure 3). Inputs, economics, disease levels and chemical and biological variation were also common outcomes of the studies.
Figure 3: The number of studies related to the outcome categorisations.
N.B. Outcome was reported on frequency of appearance within the study papers and therefore an outcome with a greater number of studies does not necessarily reflect greater importance.
2.4.1. Consumer/farmer attitudes and behaviour
A total of 44 studies passed the inclusion criteria under the main theme of consumer/farmer attitudes and behaviour, sharing themes with environment and economic categories.
Author objectives and study designs were highly variable, but some of the author conclusions included the following*:
- Organic certification logos are perceived positively by the public, whome are willing to pay a premium for Soil Association and Organic Farmers and Growers certified produce.
- UK consumers are motivated to buy organic through health and environmental concerns.
- Organic is associated with local trade.
- Consumers are frequently unable to distinguish between details of certification schemes.
- Organic farmers are more likely to perceive their farm as part of the natural environment, however both conventional and organic farmers are recognised as having a positive attitude towards on-farm biodiversity and animal health.
- Inspection cost is a key factor in uptake of organic certification on small farms.
- Young organic farmers are most likely to diversify on-farm activities.
- Farmers converting to organic are more likely motivated by financial reasons rather than ideological and lifestyle choices.
- Some “essentially organic” low-input farms have developed a positive attitude towards environmentally-conscious farming, however lack understanding to successfully implement complete organic management strategies.
2.4.2. Economics
A total of 117 studies passed the inclusion criteria under the main theme of economics. Studies initially included under the theme of disease and pests were later integrated under this category. Shared themes included environment and consumer/farmer attitudes and behaviour.
Some of the study authors reported*:
- Mixed conclusions on the profitability of organic vs conventional management.
- Conventional management yields were significantly higher than organic.
- Accounting for increased machinery and input costs generally provides organic farmers with a greater net return.
- The organic premium was an important factor in profitability, organic farms not always satisfactorily compensated.
- Larger organic farms more often have greater financial success and stability than smaller organic farms.
- Organic farms require greater labour, which could support additional local jobs and positively impact the economy of rural communities.
- Organic management provides added value to the land through improved environmental performance and ecosystem services.
- Direct payments important to the financial viability of organic farms.
- Organic farms are variable in their success i.e. breeding cattle yields consistently greater economic results than field crops.
- Mixed evidence of farm management type determining disease incidence.
- Mastitis was consistently higher in conventional dairy systems.
2.4.3. Environment
A total of 117 studies passed the inclusion criteria under the main theme of environment. Shared themes included economics and consumer/farmer attitudes and behaviour.
Some of the conclusions from authors included the following points*:
- Organic management most frequently supported greater biodiversity relative to conventional management i.e. pollinators, natural enemies, farmland birds, arable weeds, and soil bacterial and fungal populations.
- Non-marketable ecosystem services were supported and increased under organic management i.e. flood management and reduced soil erosion, eutrophication and acidification potential.
- Organic management possessed the greatest potential for environmental benefits in homogenous landscapes, an effect generally diminished with increasing landscape complexity.
- Recommendations that Agri-Environment Schemes should be more adaptive and integrate more regional-scale schemes.
- Soil health characteristics are largely benefited by organic management i.e. enhanced carbon sequestration, aggregate stability, infiltration, earthworm diversity and activity. Compaction and run-off were negatively affected.
- No-till practices were frequently observed to support comparable, and in some cases superior, enhancements to soil health characteristics.
- Organic management’s effect for soil organic carbon content was mixed.
- Parameters of climate change i.e. global warming potential, greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity, had conflicting outcomes in studies comparing organic and conventional management.
- Long-term organic farming has the potential to deplete soil phosphorous.
- Heavy metal contamination was greater under conventional management.
- On-farm non-cultivated habitats are equally important on organic and conventional farms for harbouring improved on-farm biodiversity.
- Caution required in direct comparisons between organic and conventional management due to broad variability in commitment to environmental practices within each management category.
* NOTE: No quality appraisal of any studies took place as part of this rapid evidence assessment. This means that we do not necessarily support any of the findings reported by individual authors. | https://www.gov.scot/publications/review-environmental-socio-economic-barriers-benefits-organic-agriculture-scotland/pages/2/ |
Evaluations in everyday experiences are often not only dictated by set standards but also influenced by opinion and prior knowledge. The ability to craft and control language is essential to writing effectively.
By the final scene, I noticed that most of my fellow moviegoers were snoozing in their seats and were barely paying attention to what was happening on screen.
However, formal papers, such as those written for college or graduate courses, tend to contain an argumentative structure in which objective language is used to make claims with evidence leading to a particular conclusion.
A journal might be like a conversation with a close friend where there is the freedom to use slang or other casual forms of speech.
Tone means the attitude conveyed in the writing and may encompass formality, objectivity, intimacy, and similar aspects. Three elements shape the content of each paragraph: Purpose Identifies the reason s why a writer creates a document.
Given that readers of academic papers expect a more formal level of interaction with a topic than do readers of popular writing, they expect a certain level of technical prose.
Point of view can be tricky, so this is a good question. Simplified: Narratives demonstrate something about the world from which they emerge, despite being classified as fiction. | https://deduqicevaho.whatshanesaid.com/how-does-tone-impact-academic-writing90298566ao.html |
---
abstract: 'The existence of a possible connection between spin and statistics is explored within the framework of Galilean covariant field theory. To this end fields of arbitrary spin are constructed and admissible interaction terms introduced. By explicitly solving such a model in the two particle sector it is shown that no spin and statistics connection can be established.'
author:
- 'C. R. Hagen[@Hagen]'
title: Spin and Statistics in Galilean Covariant Field Theory
---
=.5in
[**I. Introduction**]{}
The possibility of a connection between spin and statistics was first explored by Pauli [@Pauli] who considered the problem within the framework of relativistic quantum field theory. He showed that integer spin fields must satisfy Bose-Einstein statistics and that half-integral fields must satisfy Fermi-Dirac statistics provided that no other (i.e., parastatistics) possibilities are considered. Crucial to his proof are the requirements that the energy be positive and that observables commute for space-like separations. Since both of these concepts have no counterparts in the nonrelativistic theory [@concept], it has reasonably been concluded that there is no spin and statistics connection for the nonrelativistic case. This has been confirmed by the analysis of Messiah and Greenberg [@MG] who showed that in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics both symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions are allowable for any spin.
However, this conclusion has been challenged by Peshkin [@P1] who claims to have established the need for symmetric wave functions in the spin zero case. This in turn has been rebutted by Allen and Mondragon [@AM] and counter-rebutted by Peshkin [@P2]. More recently Shaji and Sudarshan [@SS] have claimed to establish the usual spin and statistics connection in the nonrelativistic theory provided that the underlying Lagrangian has a certain symmetry property.
The present paper is motivated by this continuing debate which seemingly indicates a certain reluctance to be limited by formal analyses such as those of ref. [@MG]. It is based on two simple observations. i) The most restrictive group of space-time transformations which can be viewed as a limit of special relativity is that of the Galilei group. This leads one to the conclusion that if a connection between spin and statistics is to exist anywhere outside the realm of relativistic quantum field theory, it is to be found in the corresponding Galilean limit. ii) If nontrivial counterexamples to the usual spin and statistics connection can be found, it immediately becomes clear that no claim to a general connection can be tenable.
In the following section the spin one-half Galilean wave equation is reviewed together with its extension to the arbitrary spin case by means of the multispinor formalism. This is used in section [**III**]{} to construct possible interaction terms. The resulting system is solved in the two particle sector to obtain a bound state solution as well as the two particle scattering phase shift. It is found that the solution is consistent independent of the type of statistics satisfied by the particle (or field).
[**II. Arbitrary Spin Galilean Fields**]{}
In principle the wave equation for a particle of arbitrary spin can be found by using the spin one-half equation as the basic ingredient in a multispinor approach. In particular if one takes a rank $2s$ multispinor which is symmetric in all its indices one can expect to obtain an equation for a particle of spin $s$. This approach is totally successful and has in fact been used by Hurley and the author [@HH] to derive the $g$-factor of an arbitrary spin particle.
To carry out the indicated program one begins with the spin one-half Galilean wave equation. This has been derived by Lévy-Leblond [@L1] some years ago and a brief review of his result is essential as a preliminary to its application to the multispinor approach. In units in which $\hbar=1$ the relevant wave equation for a particle of mass $m$ is derived from the Lagrangian $${\cal L}= \psi^\dagger G\psi$$ where $$G=(1/2)(1+\rho_3)\left[ i{\partial \over \partial t}-U_0 \right] +
i\rho_1\mbox{\boldmath $\sigma$} \cdot \mbox{\boldmath $\nabla$} +
m(1-\rho_3)$$ where two commuting sets of Pauli matrices $\rho_i$ and $\sigma_i$ have been used to span the $4\times 4$ dimensional spinor space. The quantity $U_0$ which appears in conjunction with the time derivative term is the so-called internal energy term.
Under the Galilean transformation $$\begin{aligned}
{\bf x^\prime} & = & R{\bf x} +{\bf v} +{\bf a} \nonumber \\
t^\prime & = & t+b
%\eqno(2)\end{aligned}$$ the wave function $\psi$ transforms as $$\psi^\prime ({\bf
x^\prime}, t^\prime)= \exp [if ({\bf x},t)] \Delta^{{1\over
2}}({\bf v},R) \psi ({\bf x},t)$$ where $$f({\bf x},t) = {1\over
2} mv^2 t+m{\bf v}\cdot R{\bf x}$$ and $$\Delta^{{1\over 2}}({\bf
v},R) = \left(
\begin{array}{lr}
1 & 0 \\ -{1\over 2} \mbox{\boldmath $\sigma$} \cdot {\bf v} &
1
\end{array}
\right) D^{{1\over 2}} (R) .$$ Note that $D^{{1\over 2}}(R)$ is the usual two-dimensional (i.e., spin one-half) representation of rotations which acts in the space of the $\sigma$ matrices. It is clear from the form of $\Delta^{{1\over 2}}({\bf v},R)$ that the upper components of $\psi$ do not mix with the lower components under a Galilean transformation, an important consequence of which is the fact that the matrix $$\Gamma={1\over 2}(1+\rho_3)$$ is invariant under all Galilean transformations.
Upon writing $\psi$ in terms of the two-component spinors $\phi$ and $\chi$ $$\psi= \left(
\begin{array}{c}
\phi \\ \chi
\end{array}
\right)$$ one can write the Lagrangian equation $G\psi=0$ as $$E\phi+\mbox{\boldmath $\sigma$} \cdot {\bf p}\chi=U_0\phi$$ $$\mbox{\boldmath $\sigma$} \cdot {\bf p}\phi+2m\chi=0$$ where $E=i{\partial \over \partial t}$ and ${\bf p} = -i\mbox{\boldmath
$\nabla$}$. These equations are combined to yield the free Schrödinger equation $$\left( E- { {\bf p}^2\over 2m} \phi
\right) = U_0\phi .$$
One now proceeds to construct the spin $s$ wave function as a completely symmetrized $2s$-rank spinor $\psi_{a_1...a_{2s}}$ where each $a_i$ ranges from 1 to 4. In the absence of additional restrictions such an object has ${1\over 6}(2s+3)(2s+2)(2s+1)$ components. Using the fact that $\Gamma$ is an invariant matrix one readily sees that an appropriate multispinor extension of the spin one-half Lagrangian is given by $${\cal L} = {1\over 2s}\psi^{\dagger}_{a_1...a_{2s}} \left[
\sum_{i=1}^{2s}
\Gamma_{a_1a^\prime_1}...\Gamma_{a_{i-1}a^\prime_{i-1}} G_{a_i
a^\prime_i}
\Gamma_{a_{i+1}a^\prime_{i+1}}...\Gamma_{a_{2s}a^\prime_{2s}}
\right] \psi_{a^\prime_1 ...a^\prime_{2s}}.$$ The resulting wave equation is $$\sum_{i=1}^{2s}\Gamma_{a_1a^\prime_1}...\Gamma_{a_{i-1}a^\prime_{i-1}}
G_{a_ia^\prime_i}\Gamma_{a_{i+1}a^\prime_{i+1}}...
\Gamma_{a_{2s}a^\prime_{2s}} \psi_{a^\prime_1...a^\prime_{2s}}=0.$$ In the case of special relativity it is not possible to remove the summation in Eq.(3) to obtain standard Bargmann-Wigner equations. However, in Galilean relativity it can be shown [@CRH] that the summation can be eliminated to obtain $$\Gamma_{a_1a^\prime_1}...\Gamma_{a_{i-1}a^\prime_{i-1}}G_{a_ia^\prime_i}
\Gamma_{a_{i+1}a^\prime_{i+1}}
...\Gamma_{a_{2s}a^\prime_{2s}}\psi_{a^\prime_1...a^\prime_{2s}}=0.
%\eqno(4)$$ Thus a Bargmann-Wigner set of equations has been obtained.
Because the matrix $\Gamma$ projects out only upper components, the presence of $(2s-1)$ $\Gamma$ matrices in (4) means that those components of $\psi$ in which more than one index is a 3 or 4 drop out of the equations of motion. One thus defines the $2s+1$ components $$\psi_{a_1...a_{2s}}= \phi_{a_1...a_{2s}}$$ for $a_i=1,2$ and the $4s$ components $$\psi_{a_1...a_{2s-1}r} =
\chi_{a_1...a_{2s-1}}^{r-2}$$ for $a_i = 1,2; r = 3,4$ to obtain $$(E-U_0)\phi_{a_1...a_{2s}}+{1\over 2s} \left[ \sum_{i=1}^{2s}
\mbox{\boldmath $\sigma$}_{a_ir} \cdot{\bf p} \right]
\chi_{a_1...a_{i-1}a_{i+1}...a_{2s}}^r =0$$ and $$\mbox{\boldmath $\sigma$}_{ra_{2s}}\cdot{\bf p}\phi_{a_1...a_{2s}}
+2m\chi_{a_1...a_{2s-1}}^r = 0.$$ Upon solving (6) for $\chi_{a_1...a_{2s-1}}^r$ and inserting the result into (5) one obtains the free Schrödinger equation for the independent components $\phi_{a_1...a_{2s}}$ $$(E-U_0-{{\bf
p}^2\over 2m}) \\ \phi_{a_1...a_{2s}}=0.$$
[**III. Interacting Arbitrary Spin Fields**]{}
As is well known Galilean field theory is characterized by the existence of a central extension of the algebra of the Galilei group. It is designated as the mass operator and (in the context of the preceding section) is given by [@QFT] $$M=\int d^3x
\phi^\dagger_{a_1...a_{2s}} \phi_{a_1...a_{2s}}.$$ The operator $M$ has the property that it commutes with all the operators of the Galilei group and implies the so-called Bargmann superselection rule. The latter has the consequence that a given Galilean field theory factors into sectors labelled by the eigenvalue of $M$. Thus the vacuum state is the state which is the null eigenvalue of $M$ and satisfies $$\phi_{a_1...a_{2s}}|0\rangle =0.$$ This has the consequence that the usual two-point function is no longer a time ordered function but has the degenerate form $$G_{a_1...a_{2s};
a^\prime_1...a^\prime_{2s}} ( {\bf x} - {\bf
x^\prime},t-t^\prime ) = -i \theta (t-t^\prime) \langle
0|\phi_{a_1...a_{2s}}({\bf x},t)
\phi^\dagger_{a^\prime_1...a^\prime_{2s}} ({\bf
x^\prime},t^\prime) | 0 \rangle.$$ This clearly implies that the two-point function is insensitive to the statistics of the field in question. Alternatively stated, the one-particle state (like the vacuum) cannot be used to test the consistency of a particular type of statistics. Accordingly, attention is now focused on the two particle sector of the spin $s$ theory formulated in section [**II**]{}.
The goal here is to determine whether the choice of statistics for the $\phi$ particle is constrained in any way by the value of the spin. While this issue could be pursued in the free field limit, it is clearly of greater interest to examine it for the case of a nontrivial interaction. One possible Galilean invariant interaction is given by the Lagrangian [@L2]
$${\mathcal{L}}^\prime={\lambda\over 2}{\bf J^\dagger}\cdot{\bf J}
%\eqno(7)$$
where $${\bf J}=\int d \mbox{\boldmath $\xi$} \phi_{a_1...a_{2s}}
\left( {\bf x}+{1\over 2}\mbox{\boldmath $\xi$},t \right)
\mbox{\boldmath $\nabla$} f^* (|\mbox{\boldmath $\xi$}|)
\Sigma^2_{a_1...a_{2s}; a^\prime_1...a^\prime_{2s}}
\phi_{a^\prime_1...a^\prime_{2s}} \left( {\bf x}-{1\over 2}
\mbox{\boldmath $\xi$},t \right)$$ where $$\Sigma^2_{a_1...a_{2s};a^\prime_1...a^\prime_{2s}}
=\sigma^2_{a_1a^\prime_1}...\sigma^2_{a_{2s}a^\prime_{2s}}$$ and $\sigma^2$ is the usual Pauli matrix. Such an interaction is Galilean invariant for all $f(\mbox{\boldmath $\xi$})$ which depend only on the scalar $|\mbox{\boldmath $\xi$}|$. It is important to note that one seeks here to impose the “wrong" statistics relation $$\phi_{a_1...a_{2s}} ({\bf x},t)
\phi_{a^\prime_1...a^\prime_{2s}} ({\bf x}^\prime,t) + (-1)^{2s}
\phi_{a^\prime_1...a^\prime_{2s}} ({\bf x}^\prime,t)
\phi_{a_1...a_{2s}} ({\bf x},t)=0.$$ Had one chosen to apply the usual statistics relation a scalar-scalar coupling (i.e., no derivative of $f(\mbox{\boldmath $\xi$}))$ rather than the vector-vector coupling (7) would be the simplest interaction choice. This is readily seen to be a consequence of the transpose relation $$(\Sigma^2)^T=(-1)^{2s}\Sigma^2 .$$
Since the internal energy is irrelevant for purposes of this discussion, it can be discarded, thereby leading to the Hamiltonian $$H={-1\over 2m}\int d{\bf x} \phi^{\dagger}_{a_1...a_{2s}}
\nabla^2\phi_{a_1...a_{2s}} -{\lambda\over 2}\int d{\bf x} {\bf
J^\dagger}\cdot{\bf J}.
%\eqno(8)$$ Thus the equation to be solved is $$H|N\rangle=E_N|N\rangle
%\eqno(9)$$ where $E_N$ is the energy of the $N$-particle state. Note that the $N$-particle state also satisfies the eigenvalue equation $$M|N
\rangle = Nm|N \rangle .$$ For the cases $N=0$ and $N=1$ Eq. (8) is trivially solved since the interaction term is inoperative. Thus subsequent attention is devoted entirely to the case $N=2$.
One looks for a solution of the form $$|2\rangle=\int\int d{\bf x}d{\bf x^\prime}
\phi^{\dagger}_{a_1...a_{2s}} ({\bf x})
\Sigma^2_{a_1...a_{2s};a^\prime_1...a^\prime_{2s}}\phi^{\dagger}_{a^\prime_1...
a^\prime_{2s}}({\bf x^\prime})\exp[i{\bf P}\cdot({\bf x}+{\bf
x^\prime})] \psi({\bf x-x^\prime})|0\rangle
%\eqno(10)$$ corresponding to a center-of-mass momentum ${\bf P}$. This leads to an equation of the form $$\left[ E-{{\bf P}^2\over 4m}+{1\over m}\nabla^2 \right]\psi(x)
=
-\lambda2^{2s}\nabla_jf({\bf x}) \int d{\bf
x^\prime}\nabla^\prime_j f^*{\bf x} \psi({\bf x^\prime}).
%\eqno(11)$$ This is a well known example of an integral equation with a separable kernel which by standard techniques leads to the eigenvalue condition $$1=-\lambda{2^{2s}\over 3}\int {d {\bf
p}\over (2\pi)^3} \;\; { {\bf p}^2|f(p)|^2 \over \Omega - {{\bf
p}^2/m} }$$ where $$\Omega\equiv E-{{\bf P}^2\over 4m}$$ is the renormalized internal energy of an assumed bound state solution. Such a $\Omega<0$ solution will exist when the condition $$m\lambda{2^{2s}\over 3}\int {d{\bf p}\over (2\pi)^3}|f(p)|^2>1$$ is satisfied. Although the local limit $f(p)\to 1$ is not allowable in a finite theory, this has no bearing on the overall consistency of the theory since any rotationally invariant $f(p)$ is in fact consistent with Galilean invariance with “wrong" statistics.
Scattering solutions can also be obtained for Eq.(11). In this case one infers for a particle of incoming momentum ${\bf k}$ and internal energy $U= {{\bf k}^2\over m}$ a solution of the form $$\psi({\bf p})=(2\pi)^3 {1\over 2} [\delta ( {\bf p}-{\bf
k})-\delta ({\bf p}+{\bf k})] -\lambda 2^{2s} { p_jf(p) e^{i{\bf
p}\cdot{\bf x}} \over U -{\bf p}^2/m } \int {d {\bf q}\over
(2\pi)^3} q_jf^*(q)\psi(q)$$ which leads to the explicit result for $\psi({\bf x})$ $$\begin{aligned}
\psi ({\bf x}) & = &
{1\over 2}(e^ {i{\bf k} \cdot{\bf x}} - e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf x}}
) -\lambda 2^{2s}
\int {d{\bf p}\over (2\pi)^3}
e^{i{\bf p}\cdot {\bf x}} \; { {\bf p}_0\cdot{\bf p} f(p)f^*(p_0)
\over U - {{\bf p}^2/m}} \\ & & \left[ 1+\lambda{2^{2s}\over 3}
\int {d{\bf q}\over (2\pi)^3} \; { {\bf q}^2 |f(q)|^2 \over
U-{{\bf q}^2/m}} \right]^{-1}.\end{aligned}$$
Upon performing the integration over ${\bf p}$ this is found to yield $$\psi({\bf x}) ={1\over 2} \left( e^{i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf x}}
- e^{-i{\bf k}\cdot{\bf x}} \right) +m\lambda 2^{2s} \left( {\bf
k}\cdot{1\over i}{\bf \nabla}\right) {e^{ikr}\over r} \left[
1+\lambda{2^{2s}\over 3}\int {d{\bf q}\over (2\pi)^3} \; {{\bf
q}^2|f(q)|^2 \over U-{{\bf q}^2/m}}\right]^{-1},$$ thereby displaying the fact that there is scattering only of the $P$ wave.
This allows identification of the $P$ wave phase shift $\delta_1$ as $$e^{i\delta_1}\sin\delta_1=m\lambda{2^{2s}\over 3}k^3 \left[
1+\lambda{2^{2s}\over 3} \int {d{\bf q}\over (2\pi)^3} \; {{\bf
q}^2|f(q)|^2\over U-{{\bf q}^2/m}} \right]^{-1}.$$ This in turn allows one to establish exact equivalence to the effective range formula appropriate to P wave scattering $$k^3\cot\delta_1=-{1\over a}+{1\over 2}r_ok^2$$ where the scattering length (or scattering volume) is given by $$-{1\over
a}= {4\pi \zeta \Omega\over m} -{1\over 2}(-m \Omega)^{3\over 2}$$ where $$\zeta \equiv \int {d{\bf q}\over (2\pi)^3} \; { {\bf
q}^2|f(q)|^2 \over (\Omega - q^2/m)^2} \; .$$ Similarly one finds for $r_0$ $$r_0 = {-8\pi\zeta\over m^2} -3(-m \Omega)^{1\over
2}.$$ In sum the Galilean spin $s$ theory is totally consistent despite its having been quantized with “wrong" statistics. It has two divergences in the local limit $f(p)=1$, the linearly divergent $\zeta$ and the cubically divergent internal energy $\Omega$. Although it is not feasible to extend the solution to the general sectors of the model, it seems clear that no complications are likely to arise in such cases. Were such to occur, they would lead to the conclusion that the statistics of particle pairs are unavoidably linked to the presence of other particles. Such possibilities are not to be found in the arguments normally raised against theories with “wrong" statistics, however.
[**IV. Conclusion**]{}
The question as to whether “wrong" statistics field theories can be excluded on the basis of very general arguments has been examined here within the framework of a Galilean multispinor formalism. It has in fact been demonstrated that there is no particular difficulty in constructing such theories. While the imposition of conventional statistics is somewhat more natural in the sense that they allow scalar-scalar interactions to be accommodated, it has been demonstrated here that vector-vector interactions pose no special difficulty.
As a final remark it should be noted that the usual symmetric multispinor method applies only to nonzero spin–namely, one cannot construct zero spin from a symmetric multispinor. In that special case it is, however, sufficient to observe that an antisymmetric spinor suffices to derive the spinless counterpart of Eq.(8). The details of such an approach are to be found in \[8\].
This work is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-91ER40685.
[20]{} Electronic address: [email protected] W. Pauli, Phys. Rev. [**58**]{}, 716 (1940).
It may be useful to remark here that the nonrelativistic theory requires only that the energy spectrum be bounded from below, not that it necessarily be positive.
A. M. L. Messiah and O. W. Greenberg, Phys. Rev. B [**136**]{}, 248 (1964).
M. Peshkin, Phys. Rev. A[**67**]{}, 042101 (2003).
R. E. Allen and A. R. Mondragon, Phys. Rev. A [**68**]{}, 046101, (2003).
M. Peshkin, Phys. Rev. A [**68**]{}, 046102, (2003).
A. Shaji and E. C. G. Sudarshan, arxiv: quant-ph/0306033 v2 2003.
C. R. Hagen and W. J. Hurley, Phys. Rev. Lett. [**24**]{}, 1381 (1970).
J. M. Lévy-Leblond, Commun. Math. Phys. [**6**]{}, 286 (1967).
C. R. Hagen, Commun. Math. Phys. [**21**]{}, 219 (1971).
It should be remarked here that although the considerations of section [**II**]{} apply equally to quantum field theory and ordinary quantum mechanics, henceforth it is to be understood that one is dealing exclusively with the case of a quantum field theory.
This is a straightforward extension to arbitrary spin of a special case of the Galilean invariant four field interaction given in J. M. Lévy-Leblond, Commun. Math. Phys. [**4**]{},157 (1967).
| |
+ * substantial portions of the Software.
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ * Wrapper for the MMA8452 I2C driven accelerometer.
+ * Create an accelerometer object connected to the specified I2C pins.
+ * Puts the MMA8452 in active mode.
+ * @return 0 on success, 1 on failure.
+ * Puts the MMA8452 in standby.
+ * @return 0 on success, 1 on failure.
+ * Read the MMA8452 status register.
+ * @param dst pointer to store the register value.
+ * @ return 0 on success, 1 on failure.
+ * Read the raw x, y, an z registers of the MMA8452 in one operation.
+ * All three registers are read sequentially and stored in the provided buffer.
+ * The stored values are signed 2's complement left-aligned 12 or 8 bit integers.
+ * BIT_DEPTH_8 and 6 bytes for BIT_DEPTH_12. It is upto the caller to ensure this.
+ * Read the x, y, and z signed counts of the MMA8452 axes.
+ * 8 bit resolution.
+ * This function queries the MMA8452 and returns the signed counts for each axes.
+ * Read the x, y, and z accelerations measured in G.
+ * be 8 or 12, and by setDynamicRange, which can be +-2G, +-4G, or +-8G.
+ * @param x A pointer to the double to store the x acceleration in.
+ * @param y A pointer to the double to store the y acceleration in.
+ * @param z A pointer to the double to store the z acceleration in.
+ /// Returns 1 if data has been internally sampled (is available) for all axes since last read, 0 otherwise.
+ /// Returns 1 if data has been internally sampled (is available) for the x-axis since last read, 0 otherwise.
+ /// Returns 1 if data has been internally sampled (is available) for the y-axis since last read, 0 otherwise.
+ /// Returns 1 if data has been internally sampled (is available) for the z-axis since last read, 0 otherwise.
+ * Reads a single byte from the specified MMA8452 register.
+ * @param addr The internal register address.
+ * @param dst The destination buffer address.
+ * @return 1 on success, 0 on failure.
+ * Reads n bytes from the specified MMA8452 register.
+ * @param nbytes The number of bytes to read.
+ * Write to the specified MMA8452 register.
+ * Write a data buffer to the specified MMA8452 register.
+ * device is put in standby before the operation, and activated at the end.
+ /// Reads the specified register, applies the mask with logical AND, and writes the result back.
+ /// Reads the specified register, applies the mask with logical OR, and writes the result back.
+ /// Reads the specified register, applies the mask with logical XOR, and writes the result back.
+ /// Converts the 12-bit two's complement number in buf to a signed integer. Returns the integer.
+ /// Converts the 8-bit two's complement number in buf to a signed integer. Returns the integer.
+ /// Converts a count to a gravity using the supplied countsPerG. Returns the gravity.
+ /// Reads the register at addr, applies the mask with logical AND, and returns the result.
+ /// Get the counts per G for the current settings of bit depth and dynamic range.
+void part1() // What's up mbed!
+ MMA8452 acc(p28, p27, 40000); //instantiate an acc object! | https://os.mbed.com/users/jmcmath/code/Lab02/rev/ |
Example #1 In male mice, it has been shown that the bones are critical to the maturity of the gonads. The bones release a hormone osteocalcin, which helps the gonads produce more testosterone. The reverse is also true. Without healthy gonads mice showed weaker skeletons. The need for a strong skeleton in animal defense is critical.
Example #2 Calcium is critical in the sending and receiving of electrical signals, pumping of the heart, and releasing hormones. The storage of calcium is found in bones. The inability to store calcium leads to many complications.
Which of the following correctly describes an interaction that occurs between two body systems of a rabbit that helps the rabbit outrun a pursuing coyote? • The skeletal system releases additional calcium, and the circulatory system retains more sodium in the blood to provide muscles with ions for contraction. b. The digestive system increases the rate of digestion, and the excretory system ceases to provide tissues with more nutrients. c. The respiratory system increases the breathing rate, and the circulatory system increases blood pressure to provide tissues with more oxygen. d. The endocrine system releases hormones that prepare the immune system to deal with possible injuries.
What two human systems work together to provide body cells with a constant supply of oxygen while removing carbon dioxide waste products? A Nervous and endocrine B Muscular and skeletal C Respiratory and circulatory D Excretory and integumentary
Coracias garrulus is a blue bird with an orange-brown back. The offspring of this bird have an effective defense mechanism. The young birds vomit and cover themselves in a foul-smelling orange liquid when they sense a threat by predators. Which two systems alert the young bird to the danger and help produce the vomit it uses as a defense? A Nervous and digestive systems B Integumentary and muscular systems C Immune and respiratory systems D Excretory and reproductive systems
Health-care workers are exposed to many different types of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms. Which body systems work together to protect the body from pathogens? A Muscular and cardiovascular B Digestive and excretory C Circulatory and immune D Endocrine and reproductive
Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic Cellulose
Plant Body Systems Roots- absorb water and nutrients Shoots (Vascular)- transport water and nutrients Reproductive- create new organisms (meiosis)
Transport in Plants: Vascular Tissue Xylem- Transports water from roots to leaves Phloem- Transports glucose from leaf to root
Plant Responses- TROPISMS Phototropism- plant leans toward light Hydrotropism- plant responds to water
Plant Responses- TROPISMS Thigmotropism- plant responds to touch (Gravi) Geotropism- roots down, shoots up
Plant hormones serve as chemical messengers between cells and tissues. Auxin is a plant hormone that causes the cells on the shady side of a plant shoot to elongate. The response enabled by auxin is known as — • geotropism • transpiration • phototropism • photosynthesis
What is the most likely benefit of this mechanism for the plant? A Protection from a loss of minerals to the environment B Protection from poor light availability C Protection from herbivores by becoming less attractive D Protection from overwatering
The outermost layer of plant stems in dicotyledons consists of epidermal cells and guard cells that surround openings called stomata. The epidermal cells are usually covered with a waterproof layer that provides protection from injury and water loss. The stomata allow gas exchange. The epidermal cells and stomata have functions similar to those of which two human body systems? • Skeletal and respiratory • Circulatory and skeletal • Integumentary and respiratory • Circulatory and integumentary
Leaves are part of a plant’s shoot system. The xylem tissue in leaves transports — A the bacteria needed for nitrogen fixation in root nodules B the wax required to coat the surface of actively growing tissue C the water and minerals that are absorbed by the roots D the oxygen that regulates the rate of carbohydrate production
Natural Selection: Organisms survive due to a favorable adaptation
The Linnaean taxonomic system classifies organisms into divisions called taxa. If two organisms belong to the same taxonomic group, they are related. Similarity at which of these levels indicates the closest relationship? 1 Kingdom 2 Class 3 Order 4 Genus
Bactrian camels, dromedaries, llamas, and alpacas are all members of the same taxonomic family, Camelidae. Members of this family all have two toes, no hooves, true canine teeth, and a split upper lip. The family Camelidae originated in North America. The physical features of animals in this family and the family’s geographical origin provide evidence that all these animals — 1 live in the same type of ecosystem 2 have slowly evolved to become herbivores 3 have a common ancestor 4 exchanged DNA at some point in the past
Fur • claws or nails • Lungs • jaws
STAAR Reminders • Take your time • Use your strategies • Watch out for NOT questions • 83% Goal • Double check your bubbles • Do your very best • You can do it!!!
Thanks for attending today’s review. -Clean up your area. -Check for all your belongings. -Get a stamp as you exit. -Make good choices. | https://www.slideserve.com/jud/chemical-signals-in-animals-endocrine-system-and-hormonal-control-c |
The invention provides a partition-board deposit layer fish tank employing a flow-splitting circulation overflow switching method and device, and belongs to the field of water treatment. The partition-board deposit layer fish tank capable of flow-splitting circulation overflow switching employs the flow-splitting circulation overflow switching method and device. The device comprises a circulatingwater fish tank, flow-splitting circulation and overflow switching, and can switch an overflow and change different circulating flow directions in the tank under the normal viewing of the fish tank, and more comprehensively disturb a water body in the fish tank to bring impurities in the water body for filtration and accordingly improve the water treatment quality. According to the fish tank, a water inlet of the device capable of flow-splitting circulation and overflow switching is disposed in a porous partition board sediment layer in the tank, and the sediment layer is provided with a flushing system to enable granules or other impurities which cannot overflow with a circulating flow to be gathered in the sediment layer through pores, and therefore, the cleanliness of a micro landscapesurface layer on the partition board is better kept. The sediment-layer flushing system can be used to flush discharged sewage on the sediment layer and then is shut off, clean water is discharged from the upper part of the tank, thereby greatly saving water waste by avoiding water changing of the entire tank. | |
In our urban landscapes we try to create our own version of utopia, a little piece of nature that we mold to our liking. We make decisions that please our eye, protect our privacy, and cool our patios. We wish for low maintenance yet strive for the decadence of an English garden. Sometimes the planning goes solely into what we want and not into the needs of the plants.
One thing we know about plants is that the more stress a plant is under the more pest and disease problems they develop. Pest organisms can detect plants under stress and tend to inhabit them first. Plants that are healthy can literally grow faster than the spread of their pests and diseases. If plants are located in an environment they don’t like or can not easily adapt to, they simply can not grow fast enough to stay ahead of their enemies.
I have a theory about plant health. The theory is that if you look back to what Mother Nature has provided for plants and try to replicate that, you will have great success in creating an ecosystem that plants will quickly adapt to. In nature, no one goes out into the forest and rakes up all the leaves or cleans up around each plant. What happens over time is nature creates its own surface mulch covering the forest floor. This forest litter forms a compost mulch made up of particles of many different sizes and different stages of decomposition. Coarser particles on the surface with the more decomposed or composted particles down underneath. Branches, leaves, strands of grass and even animal waste all form together to create a wonderful living environment for micro-organisms. Fungus and many other living creatures make this mulch a living organism on its own. Many of these organisms are beneficial to plant health. Plants over time have evolved to depend on this natural mulch. They have developed relationships with many of the fungus and bacteria families that grow in this debris. They live together with plants roots to make them more effective at finding nutrients and water. These organisms grow over the plant’s root surfaces helping to protect the roots from root rot diseases and other detrimental pests.
This complex ecosystem that occurs in nature can easily be replicated when landscaping. After planting your areas, cover the surface of the exposed soil with about two inches of a well composted organic matter. This mulch should be composed of particles of varying sizes. In the Okanagan there are several great sources for this type of material. Our local municipality has a great composting program through the local landfill site and similar products are sold in bags or in bulk at the local garden centres. Try to avoid products that are too fresh. Newly chewed up wood wastes are invitations for diseases to come into your landscape and suppress your plants healthy growth. A medium to large sized bark mulch may also be used as long as it has been properly aged. It is important to have a variety of fine, medium and course particles. A perfect combination would have 60% coarse, 20% medium and 20% small chunks. Mulches serve more of a purpose than just supplying life supporting organisms to the plants; they also act as a moisture retentive blanket over the ground helping to maintain water during hot dry weather. Mulches also reduce frost penetration down into the root zone during cold weather. Mulches suppress weed growth by covering weed seeds that require light to germinate. The mulches also make it easier to pull weeds when the time comes. Mulches absorb heat rather than reflecting it up to the plants the way that rock would, reducing heat stress. A nice organic mulch improves the soil over time without tilling. I almost forgot about all the nutrients that are released as a by-product of the breaking down of organic matter. These mulches may require touching up from time to time for a tidy look and to keep the mulch layer uniform.
In conclusion the next time you’re thinking about landscaping think about plant health. Look to Mother Nature for tips and remember; healthy plants planted in the right conditions require considerably less maintenance. | https://www.kelownagardens.com/a-lesson-in-plant-health/ |
MALVERN, PA and WASHINGTON, DC (May 3, 2018) — HMP, a leading health care education and events company, and the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), a not-for-profit organization dedicated to improving health care quality, today announced the launch of the Health Care Quality Congress.
The new Congress will take place October 5-7 in Dallas, Texas. Designed to bring together thought leaders from across the health care landscape, the Congress will spotlight best practices and innovative approaches to quality improvement, including how to collect and leverage HEDIS (Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set) measures to evaluate and improve population health outcomes. In addition to presentations from those driving improvements, subject matter experts from NCQA will explore in depth the annual HEDIS measures update, as well as clarify new or challenging health plan standards.
The Congress is ideal for health plan and health management professionals, government agencies, ACO/CINs, physician practices, consultants, and others involved in reporting, analysis, interpretation and measurement of NCQA’s Health Plan Accreditation Standards and HEDIS® measures. HEDIS is used by more than 90 percent of health plans in the U.S. to measure and improve quality of care and services. HEDIS data also help employers and consumers reliably compare the performance of health plans in order to select the best plan for their needs.
“We are pleased to collaborate once again with NCQA,” said Randy Robbin, president, NACCME, the medical education subsidiary of HMP. “The new Health Care Quality Congress is designed to be interactive and address the unique needs of health plan and other population health professionals. Led by expert faculty directly involved with NCQA HEDIS measure development and accreditation standards, the program will present updates to the measures, address significant clarifications, offer complex case examples, and include discussion of areas of interest as identified by attendees that directly intersect with health plan accreditation.”
The new meeting represents the second educational offering developed by the two organizations. The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) Congress, launched in 2015, is an annual gathering for primary care practices and other professionals involved in NCQA’s PCMH Recognition program, the most widely adopted PCMH evaluation program in the country. The three-day program focuses on best practices that improve the patient experience, enhance care quality and coordination, and reduce health care costs.
“The expanded partnership with HMP will give NCQA the ability to deliver even greater value to those working hard to improve the health of their patients and members,” said Lisa Slattery, vice president, accreditation and recognition operations, NCQA. “This new Congress will provide the often-requested live interaction with our NCQA experts, clarifying the most current information on HEDIS measures and NCQA Accreditation standards. In addition, there will be ample opportunities for meaningful peer-to-peer sharing of best practices, challenges, and collaborations. As we have witnessed with PCMH Congress, HMP’s strengths in educational program development, marketing, and meeting management will ensure an excellent educational experience for our attendees as they continuously work to raise the bar on health care quality.”
Registration for the Health Care Quality Congress is now open. To learn more, visit healthcarequalitycongress.com.
About HMP
HMP is the force behind Healthcare Made Practical—and is a multichannel leader in healthcare events and education, with a mission to improve patient care. The company produces accredited medical education events and clinically relevant, evidence-based content for the global healthcare community across a range of therapeutic areas. Its brands include Consultant360, the year-round, award-winning platform relied upon by primary care providers and other specialists; Psych Congress, the largest independent mental health meeting in the U.S.; EMS World Expo, North America’s largest EMT and paramedic event; and the Symposium on Advanced Wound Care (SAWC), the largest wound care meeting in the world. For more information, visit hmpglobal.com.
About NCQA
NCQA is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to improving health care quality. NCQA accredits and certifies a wide range of health care organizations. It also recognizes clinicians and practices in key areas of performance. NCQA’s Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS®) is the most widely used performance measurement tool in health care. NCQA’s website (ncqa.org) contains information to help consumers, employers and others make informed health care choices. NCQA can be found online at ncqa.org, on Twitter @ncqa, on Facebook at facebook.com/NCQA.org, and on LinkedIn at linkedin.com/company/ncqa. | https://hmpglobal.com/news/hmp-and-ncqa-launch-health-care-quality-congress |
Therapy across disciplines tailored to the strengths and challenges of each child
Fraser Pediatric Therapy provides evaluation, consultation and direct services to children needing help with motor, sensory, developmental and functional skills, eating difficulties and speech and hearing issues.
We tailor our services to each child’s unique profile. Our highly skilled, licensed, pediatric therapists collaborate with parents, caregivers, teachers and mental health professionals. Many staff members specialize in working with children with autism and other distinct therapies.
Referrals are accepted for children in a variety of age groups, starting at birth. Treatment is recommended based on individual needs of each child. | https://www.fraser.org/services/pediatric-therapy |
Surveillance and control of infectious diseases at local, national and international levels.
New emerging and re-emerging threats, the weight of public opinion and new technology for surveillance and treatment are likely to impact on how, and if, effective surveillance can be performed in the future. If surveillance fails to address the needs of practitioners and policy-makers, it is likely that there will be loss of confidence. Current surveillance systems are reasonably effective at detecting significant events that are localised in time and space. It is more difficult to detect diffuse and progressive events with a slow increase over time or sporadic and widespread events without obvious links to time, place or person. Detection of these events relies on good data collection, comparative background data and sophisticated analytical tools. To improve surveillance systems, we need methods with the appropriate sensitivity and specificity for the outputs desired. Targeted surveillance should enable better ascertainment of those cases which must be considered and those which can be dismissed. New methods, such as mathematical modelling and geographical information systems, support conventional surveillance in moving events into the known and predictable category. It is important to integrate surveillance across local, regional and international levels and to base surveillance on local public health structures. The purpose and value of data aggregation at each level and the amount of detail needed at each level must be carefully evaluated. The key to all these improvements is developing the workforce. Surveillance needs individuals with a broad range of skills: clinical, epidemiological, anthropological, and mathematical; in particular, people who can think laterally. These individuals must be encouraged through effective training courses, good mentorship, networking and clear career structures.
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Melissa is a PhD candidate within Deakin University’s Food & Mood Centre. She holds a Bachelor of Nursing (Pre-registration), Graduate Diploma in Psychology and Bachelor of Psychological Science (Honours). Melissa has a particular interest in the link between gut microbiota, diet and health outcomes.
Melissa is the study coordinator and associate investigator of the following project:
Dietary Interventions for Weight Loss in Adults with Obesity: A Randomised, Controlled Trial
(The MicroFit Study).
This research will compare changes to gut microbiota composition and functional potential following very-low energy diets (VLEDs). It will also assess whether gut microbiota alterations are associated with metabolic and mental health outcomes.
The MicroFit Study will contribute to the body of evidence showing gut microbiota change as a consequence of weight loss in individuals with obesity. It will also help to determine if the effect of weight loss on changes to gut microbiota should be attributed to energy-restricted diets per se or to the specific formulation of these diets.
Research areas and skills: Dietary weight loss interventions; obesity; gut microbiota; metabolic and psychological health. | https://foodandmoodcentre.com.au/team/melissa-lane/ |
While the challenges facing our state and nation during the COVID-19 crisis are significant, they do not relieve South Carolina of its legal obligations. In the education context, those obligations are clear: As the United States Supreme Court wrote in Brown v. Board of Education, “[I]t is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms.”
While the rapid movement towards remote learning during this crisis reflects a good faith effort to educate students, in practice, it also represents a significant failure to deliver such an education on equal terms. Unfortunately, the burden of this failure has fallen unequally on students who traditionally have struggled to secure an equal, quality education, including students from low income families, students of color, students with disabilities, and students who lack permanent housing. Further, the government’s failure to implement robust privacy protections around remote learning threatens to exclude even more students from participating. To be clear, this current state of affairs – in which remote learning is fully accessible to some students, partially accessible to others, and inaccessible to many – is not only unacceptable, it is unlawful.
Last week we sent a letter to Governor McMaster urging him to swiftly remedy the inequitable and unsafe manner in which remote learning is being provided to public school students during the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. Specifically, the government is not meeting its obligation to:
- Ensure that all students have equal access to the various technologies that make effective remote learning possible, and
- Ensure that adequate and uniform privacy protections are in place to protect students when they are engaged in remote learning.
Corrective measures must be taken now to mitigate the inequalities that are plaguing remote learning and the dearth of privacy protections for students trying to learn from home. Every day these issues go unaddressed, countless students are denied their educational rights and, as a result, fall further and further behind.
Addressing the unlawful disparities that presently exist in remote learning will require employing every method at South Carolina’s disposal. Unquestionably, this will necessitate a direct, significant, and immediate investment of the government’s time and resources, and likely may also involve seeking assistance from the federal government and private industry.
Let’s start with inequitable access to technology.
Computers and technology offer an approach to help our students overcome the closure of their schools, but remote learning is not a sufficient remedy unless all students have access to the tools they need to participate fully and equally. Such equal access does not presently exist and efforts to provide it have been insufficient.
The technological tools all students must receive for remote learning to be legally compliant include:
- Computers/tablets, with built in or external webcams and microphones;
- Internet access that is fast enough for learning via remote video meetings;
- Hardware and related capabilities that are needed for high-speed internet access;
- Printers, including ink;
- Free access to remote learning and communications platforms/applications; and
- Assistive technology, including hardware (such as screen readers) and software and websites that comply with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 Levels AA accessibility standards, so students with disabilities can fully participate in remote learning; and
- For all of the above, providing plain language (English written at a 4th grade reading level or below) and native language (content in the parent/guardian’s native language) materials so families understand and are able to use the remote learning technology tools provided by schools and their education partners.
For students with disabilities, access to technology is not just a mechanism for enabling remote learning, but a critical tool in continuing to fulfill obligations to provide a Free and Appropriate Education (FAPE), and continuing the work of special education plans. Technology like videoconferencing must be used to provide services and supports, including one-on-one support and curricular modifications, speech and language therapy, mental health services, and sign language interpreters. And it can and should be used to conduct remote reconvenings of IEP and 504 teams to modify plans and identify how goals can be revised given the constraints of COVID-19 and school closures.
Help may be available beyond the state’s own resources. For example, the United States Department of Education (USDOE) is making nearly $3 billion available in grants to help states “address student needs arising from the COVID-19 related disruption of the current academic year” through its “Governor’s Emergency Education Relief Fund.” Likewise, the USDOE has created a $13.2 billion “Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund” to provide “local educational agencies… with emergency relief funds to address the impact that COVID-19 has had, and continues to have, on elementary and secondary schools across the Nation.” Grant funds like these should be vigorously pursued and used to help close the “digital divide” technology gaps that have produced systemic inequalities in remote learning.
With respect to private industry, South Carolina should immediately call on computer hardware/software/ISP/EdTech companies to help provide the above-listed technologies to schools, for free or on loan, so they can be distributed to students in need. In the case of services, like internet access, those can and should be provided directly to students for free until the COVID-19 crisis subsides. Appropriate government agencies could coordinate the distribution of physical technology to ensure the students who need the devices receive them, and to safeguard against certain schools/districts being inadvertently overloaded with free technology while others go without.
We strongly urge South Carolina to tap into every available resource, including federal funding and the private sector, to address the existing technological inequities in remote learning. However, we must underscore that the state itself has legal responsibility for ensuring equity in education during remote learning
Privacy is also at risk.
Many of the technologies needed for remote learning, including hardware, software, internet services, and educational learning platforms, are capable of collecting massive amounts of private, personal information on students and/or spying on students using surveillance technologies. Students must not be required to surrender their privacy or consent to being spied upon as a condition of receiving a remote education during the COVID-19 crisis.
It is important to note that for some students and their families, privacy is not just a preference; it is a necessity. For example, undocumented and first-generation immigrant students may feel the need to forego the use of educational technologies and services if they believe the tech’s information gathering or surveillance capabilities will place them and their families at risk. All students must feel safe to learn remotely, and that simply cannot happen if the tools used for remote learning are allowed to collect information simply so those who provide them can use the data to generate future income or for other non-instructional purposes.
To that end, in addition to ensuring all students have full and equitable access to remote learning, the state and school districts must ensure every remote learning tool used by students fully protects their privacy and that of their families. Specifically, South Carolina should mandate that all contracts and agreements governing products and services used for remote learning, whether they are provided to the government or directly to students and their families, include the following enforceable requirements:
- One: All computer hardware/software/ISP/EdTech companies who provide or sell any of the above-listed remote learning technologies should be prohibited from collecting, using, and retaining any private, personal information about a student or their family members unless doing so is directly necessary for their platforms’ remote learning functionality. Moreover, these companies should be required to expunge all the personal information they gather during this health crisis when it resolves, unless a student’s parent or legal guardian specifically opts-in to it being retained (via a clear, post-crisis request, and not as part of a broad user agreement they sign now under pressure).
- Two: All computer hardware/software/ISP/EdTech companies who provide or sell any of above-listed remote learning technologies should be required to remove or permanently disable any surveillance functions that accompany their products/services, including communications and social media monitoring, search term and browsing history monitoring, keyword alerts, surreptitious access capabilities including video and audio surveillance, facial recognition and other biometric identifying capabilities, and web filtering functions. Students and their families need these technologies to learn at home, not to enable companies and school districts to spy on them.
- Three: To ensure the computer hardware/software/ISP/EdTech companies abide by these mandates, each should be required to consent to government auditing of their compliance with the above privacy conditions.
While these privacy protections should be applicable to student information whether we are in the midst of a public health crisis or not, at a minimum, they should be made mandatory while the use of remote learning tools is, for all practical purposes, compulsory.
The existence of a public health crisis, no matter how daunting, does not suspend students’ legal and constitutional rights. South Carolina must act now – quickly, decisively, and with every resource at the government’s disposal – to ensure our students and their families receive the equal educational and privacy rights to which they are entitled. | https://www.aclusc.org/en/news/south-carolina-must-ensure-equal-educational-and-privacy-rights-during-covid-19-and-beyond |
The bacterium Salmonella enterica can infect marine mammals and has been increasingly implicated in seafood-borne disease outbreaks in humans. Despite the risk this zoonotic agent poses to animals and people, little is known regarding the environmental factors that affect its persistence in the sea. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of two constituents on the survival of Salmonella in the marine environment: transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and suspended particles. A decay experiment was conducted by spiking Salmonella into bottles containing seawater, seawater with alginic acid as a source of TEP, filtered seawater or filtered seawater with alginic acid. Survival of Salmonella was monitored using culture followed by enrichment assays to evaluate if the bacteria entered a viable but non-cultivable (VBNC) state. Salmonella cell counts dropped significantly faster (P ≤ 0.05) in the unfiltered seawater samples with and without TEP. The slowest decay occurred in filtered seawater containing alginic acid, with VBNC Salmonella persisting for 17 months. These findings suggest that TEP may favor Salmonella survival while suspended particles facilitate its decay. Insight on the survival of allochthonous, zoonotic pathogens in seawater can guide monitoring, management and policy decisions relevant to wildlife and human public health. | https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effects-of-transparent-exopolymer-particles-and-suspended-particl-2 |
This module takes a long view at a theme in the making of modern political thought in Europe between 1500 and 1800: conflict and consensus in social and political thought. Between the Italian Wars (1494) and the French Revolution (1789), European thinkers grappled with the crisis of traditional frameworks for governing political life. In response, they invented new ideas, institutions and cultures designed to safeguard political stability and to promote individual liberty and the common good. At the core of their political thought was the relationship between conflict and consensus within political societies.
In this module, over eleven weeks we look at nine different manifestations of this relationship in some of the most important thinkers in the evolution of Western political thought, stretching from Niccolò Machiavelli to Edmund Burke. By locating their political thought in its historical context, we also interrogate some of the key intellectual and political developments of early modern Europe. This module also introduces, alongside conflict and consensus, other key concepts in political thought, such as the state, republicanism, despotism and liberalism.
Students will come away with an enhanced understanding of the evolution of political thought in early modern Europe and a new perspective on early modern European history, as well as a grasp of the concepts and language central to understanding political thought. They will also develop skills in close-reading of complex texts, engagement with intellectual-historical sources, and the ability to discuss and present complicated ideas in a group scenario.
This module will combine non-synchronous lectures (1x1hour per week) and present-in-person seminars (1x2hours per week). The lectures will focus on historical context while the seminars will focus on discussing close-readings of key texts.
Topics typically include:
Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince (1532)
Jean Bodin and the French Wars of Religion
Thomas Hobbes and the modern state
John Locke and religious toleration
Montesquieu and the balanced constitution
Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract (1762)
Edmund Burke and the French Revolution
1. To understand the concepts of political conflict and political consensus, and their centrality in modern political thought and contemporary political theory
2. To understand large-scale developments in Europe’s political and intellectual history in the early modern period
3. To identify key themes in the thought of specific early modern thinkers through a close reading of select passages of canonical texts
4. To recognise how political thinkers emerged from and spoke to specific historical contexts, and how they can also be located within longer-term political and intellectual trajectories.
1. The ability to engage in textual analysis, including evaluating texts according to their historical and cultural contexts, while also situating those texts in a broader intellectual narrative.
2. To develop independent research capabilities
3. To communicate ideas and learning effectively, both in oral and written contexts
4. To analyse and evaluate the available evidence critically, and produce an argument based on that analysis.
5. To critically assess modern scholarship, and engage with the disciplines of intellectual history and the history of political thought.
|Category||Activity||Number||Length||Student Hours||Comment|
|Guided Independent Study||Assessment preparation and completion||65||1:00||65:00||Divided between the three assessment components as determined by student|
|Structured Guided Learning||Lecture materials||9||1:00||9:00||non-synchronous lectures|
|Structured Guided Learning||Structured research and reading activities||11||1:00||11:00||Preparation for weekly lecture, based on circulated readings|
|Structured Guided Learning||Structured research and reading activities||11||3:00||33:00||Close reading of text in preparation for weekly seminar|
|Scheduled Learning And Teaching Activities||Small group teaching||11||2:00||22:00||Seminar linked to lecture and based on discussion of pre-circulated reading material|
|Guided Independent Study||Independent study||58||1:00||58:00||N/A|
|Scheduled Learning And Teaching Activities||Module talk||2||1:00||2:00||Introduction/welcome and conclusion/review to the module, in week 1 and 11|
|Total||200:00|
This module is primarily based on reading published historical texts in context. This is reflected in the division of teaching components into lectures and seminars: the weekly 1 hour lectures, delivered non-synchronously, will give the students an overview of the historical context of the text looked at each week; the synchronous seminar, delivered in person on campus, will then primarily look at a specific historical text, of which students will be expected to have read key passages, as directed by the instructor. Student engagement in both lectures and seminars will be further facilitated by the distribution of key secondary readings, either articles or extracts from books, and they will also be encouraged to pursue independent study on the themes and thinkers.
Seminars will ideally be student-led, and it is anticipated that this will be increasingly the case in the second half of the module. The instructor will stimulate and guide discussion, and ensure key learning objectives are met each week.
In the event that seminars are required to be delivered remotely, the seminar will be conducted through live discussions online, supported by a pre-recorded mini-lecture covering core themes, which students will watch in advance. As it is anticipated that this level 3 module will have only a small group of students, this model of remote delivery is expected to work well.
The format of resits will be determined by the Board of Examiners
|Description||Semester||When Set||Percentage||Comment|
|Essay||1||A||75||2,500 word essay on title selected from options set by instructor.|
|Written exercise||1||M||25||Students will write a 750 word commentary on on of the texts looked at in week 2-6|
|Description||Semester||When Set||Comment|
|Reflective log||1||M||students will write 2x300 word blog entries on themes discussed in week 1-3|
Formative Assessment
Reflective Log - Students will be required to write 2x300 word blog entries on the extent to which they have met learning objectives in the first three weeks. This will demonstrate the extent of their understanding and their level of writing. It will also allow them to reflect upon their progress, and enable the instructor to offer continuous feedback.
Assessment
Written exercise (25%) - students will be required to write a 750 word commentary on one of the texts looked at in weeks 2-6 (distinct from the week in which they give their oral presentation). This will demonstrate their ability to understand, interpret and present complex political-historical ideas, as well as to assess the quality of their written work. It will provide the instructor with the opportunity to give feedback in advance of their final assessment
Essay (75%) - students will be required to submit a 2,500 word essay, with the essay title chosen from a set list determined by the instructor. Each question will focus on one, or possibly a comparison between two, books and thinkers looked at in the course. Students will be required to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding, as well as to situate the thinker and book within the broader context of the themes looked at over the course of the module. This builds upon the skills and knowledge base, as well as writing practice, developed in the other assessments.
All the assessment for this module will be submitted and marked online. If the module is required to be delivered remotely, the oral examination will be delivered in the context of a remotely-delivered seminar, with students having the option of pre-recording their presentation or presenting live.
N/A
Disclaimer: The information contained within the Module Catalogue relates to the 2021/22 academic year. In accordance with University Terms and Conditions, the University makes all reasonable efforts to deliver the modules as described. Modules may be amended on an annual basis to take account of changing staff expertise, developments in the discipline, the requirements of external bodies and partners, and student feedback. Module information for the 2022/23 entry will be published here in early-April 2022. Queries about information in the Module Catalogue should in the first instance be addressed to your School Office. | https://www.ncl.ac.uk/module-catalogue/module.php?code=HIS3353 |
WANALA aims to:
- provide advocacy for the recognition and support of northern and western Indigenous languages at State and National levels
- promote awareness of the diversity of our languages and their vitality
- develop resources for the maintenance, and revitalisation of Indigenous languages in our region
- foster discussion and sharing among language centres, projects and activities
What is WANALA?
WANALA is a collaborative alliance, free to join, for all Aboriginal organisations, projects and activities in the region aimed at supporting, promoting, and teaching languages, and providing services such as interpreting and translation.
WANALA’s core members are those who are actively engaged in language activities funded by the Commonwealth Government language support program (ILA/ILS).
Associate membership is for those who want to share ideas and support increased representation of our region in the national conversations about Indigenous languages.
WANALA’s activities include facilitating meetings, providing professional development, and assisting professionalisation of language teacher training, employment and practices.
Benefits of membership:
- be part of a growing alliance advocating for increased recognition and support of the extremely diverse language maintenance, documentation, and revitalisation situations in western and northern Australia
- receive financial support to participate in meetings and professional development events
- gain access to documents and advice on becoming a qualified language teacher or linguist, language worker training, and best practice in archiving, ICIP and more. | http://wanala.org/about/ |
South Africa has all of the features that travelers long for in a vacation destination: fine weather, gorgeous scenery, great beaches, modern accommodations and superb cuisine. The southern tip of Africa also offers an exotic array of once-in-a-lifetime adventures, from off-roading on a safari to diving with great white sharks. It’s hard to name another holiday destination that offers as much variety. An overview of the best places to visit in South Africa.
Johannesburg, or Joburg, is the economic heart of Africa and the most common entry point into Southern Africa. With more than 3 million people it is also the second largest city on the continent. Historically it is where money is made and fortunes found. It has been stereotyped as a cruel, concrete jungle, plagued by crime, but residents defend it fiercely as a city of opportunity and raw energy. A visits to the infamous Soweto township is getting increasingly popular
Cape Town
Located on the southwest tip of South Africa’s Western Cape Province, Cape Town is the most popular tourist destination in all of Africa. The metropolis enjoys a mild, Mediterranean climate, a well-developed infrastructure and a spectacular natural setting. Cape Town’s center is located in a relatively small area between Table Mountain and Table Bay. The city also serves as a home base for exploring nearby attractions, including the region’s many diverse beaches as well as the rolling hills and valleys of the Winelands.
Kruger National Park
Covering a wide stretch of bush and savannah in the northern reaches of South Africa, Kruger National Park borders the countries of Mozambique and Zimbabwe. For its dense animal population and the variety of its flora and fauna, the park is considered the jewel of South Africa’s extensive park system. Numerous well-kept tarred and gravel roads have made the park a favorite choice for self-driving & self-catering expeditions.
Garden Route
The Garden Route is a scenic stretch of the south-eastern coast of South Africa. It extends from Mossel Bay in the Western Cape to the Storms River in the Eastern Cape. The name comes from the diverse vegetation encountered here and the numerous lagoons and lakes dotted along the coast. It includes some of the best places to visit in South Africa including Knysna, Plettenberg Bay and Nature’s Valley.
Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
The Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park is located in the Kalahari regions of both Botswana and South Africa and came into being as the official merger of the Gemsbok National Park in Botswana and the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park in South Africa. The park offers a majestic and unending red dunes with migrating herds of wildebeest, gemsbok, springbok and eland, and predators like lion, cheetah and leopard.
Durban
South Africa’s second-largest city, Durban is located on South Africa’s eastern coast. Durban’s subtropical climate, scenic beaches and close proximity to Johannesburg have made the coastal city a popular vacation destination for South Africans. The English Colonial architecture that once dominated the city has been enlivened by a mix of Zulu murals, Islamic mosques, Hindu temples and Christian churches.
Image by United Nations Photo, Jonohey, Careless Edition under CC License. | https://www.travellerallaround.com/best-places-to-visit-in-south-africa/ |
Ancient history is part of our world. From ancient history, we find the Seven Wonders of the World. There are different types of wonders and one of them is the Statue of Zeus.
Zeus is a Greek god among all gods. Zeus has a bolt in one hand. When he was a little boy, his father Kronos noticed that when he died, his son will be king. Zeus' father did not want that. He tried to eat his son so he wouldn’t be better than him. Zeus is my favorite god to talk about.
In honor of Zeus as being the greatest god of Greek mythology, an architect named Phidias created the statue of Zeus in 466 B.C. Phidias was a Greek artist and architect. His statue of Zeus was one of the seven wonders of the world.
Phidias was born in 480 B.C and died at 430 B.C at Athens and inspired Greece. His parents inspired him to create the statue of Zeus The statue of Zeus was made out of gold, ivory, bronze, and ebony. The Statue of Zeus was lost and destroyed during the 5th century A.D. with no copy ever being found. Details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins.
This statue of Zeus was at Olympia, Greece. They built the statue there because that’s where Zeus lived when he was growing up. He lived at Mount Olympus with other gods such as Poseidon and Hades. They were all brothers. Hades was the god of the underworld and Poseidon was the god of the water.
Phidias made the statue to honor Zeus, the greatest Greek god and the father of the Olympics. The size of the Statue of Zeus was so large that if Zeus stood up he would have put his head through the roof of the temple.
The Olympics are games that started in Greece. There are different types of sports like running, discus, throwing a ball that weighs a lot, and more.
The statue was in a temple that was huge and had many details added to it. The temple had an arch at the top so the tip of the statue could fit in. Inside of the temple there were pillars that surrounded the statue in a rectangular shape. The pillars were made in a Greek style they came up with.
The temple was at Olympia where the Greek olympic games were held. That’s one of the reasons why the statue was built there, because Zeus was the father of the Olympics. The Greeks showed that he was the greatest god because of all things they did to honor him.
Jovan G. Student "The Statue of Zeus by Jovan Guadalupe" AwesomeStories.com. May 26, 2017. Apr 20, 2019. | https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/The-Statue-of-Zeus-by-Jovan-Guadalupe |
Most dam removal projects view sediment as a problem. Biologists often worry that releasing the stored sediment will harm fish and wildlife or disperse in unpredictable ways to change the course of streams. Others see releasing stored sediment as a catalyst for flooding. In some cases, though, sediment can be a solution.
Biologists working to remove the dam on York Creek knew that sediment spreading naturally through the York Creek and Napa River watersheds could benefit the ecoystem. It could replenish gravel and restore spawning beds, rearing habitat, and resting habitat for steelhead listed under the Endangered Species Act.
“Sediment is the foundation of all habitat,” said Brian Cluer, a geomorphologist in NOAA Fisheries’ West Coast Region. “It shapes the environment.”
Because York Creek Dam captured most sediment, the flowing water cut deep into the bed of the creek downstream and became disconnected from its adjacent floodplains. Allowing transport of sediment downstream would reverse that process and help water to again reach side channels and the floodplain. These habitats provide critical refuge for juvenile steelhead and other aquatic life during times of high streamflow.
Stillwater Sciences, a consulting firm, modeled erosion of the sediment impounded in the reservoir. They found that if the dam were removed, sediment was likely to pass through the creek system quickly, with a low risk of flooding. Biologists also drew on lessons from a previous dam removal on the Carmel River. Crews had built engineered step-pools and positioned large wood structures to provide habitat for steelhead. Unfortunately, unusually high flows in the Carmel River shortly after construction upset the engineered features and reduced the benefits to fish.
“A much more elegant plan in this case was to not build an engineered channel, but rather to let the stream work with the sediment to solve the reservoir deposit problem for us,” Cluer said. While the City of St. Helena decided to remove a modest amount of sediment to reduce the potential for flooding downstream areas, they agreed to allow the rest of the impounded sediment and future naturally derived sediment to pass downstream. “Sediment doesn’t have to be a problem. It can be the solution you’re looking for.”
Partners in the York Creek dam removal used the retained sediment to their advantage. Instead of trying to engineer a new stream, they gave the creek the freedom to restore its own natural features. They placed 36 log structures in the channel downstream from the dam to create conditions that would affect sediment transport.
In some areas, the log structures will slow the water so that sediment settles into strategic locations. In other areas, the log structures should help increase the speed of the water, scouring the bottom. As the sediment collects in downstream areas, it will help raise the elevation of the streambed. This will increase the size of pools and gravel bars and reconnect the stream with side channels and seasonal wetlands. All of these changes help improve steelhead habitat. Of course, removing the impassable dam itself also allows steelhead into high-quality upstream habitat they have not reached since 1900.
Once the project design was finalized by the EKI, Inc./WRA, Inc. team selected by the city to complete final engineering and permitting, the biggest challenge became time. Construction started in June 2020 and needed to wrap up by the end of October to avoid impacts on other species and to meet grant restrictions.
Could They Make It?
In order to make the timeline, the NOAA Fisheries team had “met with everyone multiple times on a regular basis to make sure everyone understood what we were doing,” Cluer said. “This project required an ecosystem solution instead of building a big new structure to manage everything.”
The trust and understanding that grew from those early meetings gave agencies the confidence to solicit bids in May, even before their permits were issued. By June, the construction contractor, McCullough Construction, Inc., was selected and received permission to proceed. Says Jenn Hyman, the project manager for EKI, “We are grateful to the agencies for the time and effort they put into all the meetings and coordination to allow us to get the project designed, permitted, and underway in record time.”
Given the COVID-19 pandemic, the work proceeded with hand washing stations, face masks, and a socially distanced kickoff meeting among the City, WRA and the construction contractor. In July, crews began removing some sediment from the one-time reservoir. The pandemic also reduced traffic near the construction site and in downtown St. Helena, making construction hauling more efficient.
The stream would likely redistribute remaining sediment and improve the streambed with the first winter storm, further improving with each successive storm, Cluer said. Most of it would find its way downstream as far as the Napa River. The Napa County Resource Conservation District also developed a 10-year monitoring plan to track the sediment through the system. This will help determine whether the natural processes proceed as anticipated.
Construction mostly wrapped up by September, a month ahead of schedule.
Wildfire Burns Through
In the early morning of September 28, 2020, a few days after construction ended, the Glass Fire swept through the project site. The fire that destroyed hundreds of homes also toppled trees, and replaced the lush forest understory with a moonscape of ash and rocks. It also damaged the large log structures placed in the stream, charring them and consuming most of the smaller wood pieces.
Partners in the dam removal remain confident that the stream will complete most of the restoration itself. A Watershed Emergency Response Team will inspect the creek and upland areas and map locations susceptible to landslides, rock falls, and flooding risks. They will recommend any necessary steps to reduce impacts of ash or other results of the fire.
The new landscape emerging from the last vestiges of the reservoir offers new opportunities for threatened Central California Coast steelhead. Access to the additional habitat will make the fish more resilient to wildfire, for instance.
“The project reflects a model of cooperation and collaboration based on the best science,” said NOAA Fisheries West Coast Region biologist, Dan Logan. “We took the time to make sure we were all speaking the same language, and we all had a stake in the success of the project,” he said. “Instead of worrying about the pitfalls, we focused on the opportunities to improve the creek in ways that benefit the broader ecosystem.”
The York Creek Dam Removal project demonstrates how federal, state, and local jurisdictions can find solutions that benefit everyone. Thank you to all our partners and stakeholders for the hard work and determination in advancing the recovery of threatened steelhead: | https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/reopening-northern-california-creek-threatened-steelhead-part-2-using-natural-sediment |
Does a High-Energy High-Protein Diet Reduce Unintentional Weight Loss in Residential Aged Care Residents?
Malnutrition and unintentional weight loss are known to occur in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). The use of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and high-energy high-protein (HEHP) diets are two foodservice strategies that may be implemented in efforts to reduce unintentional weight loss in RACFs. This observational study aimed to determine whether incorporation of a structured high-energy high-protein diet (sHEHP) into the standard menu could reduce unintentional weight loss in RACF residents. RACFs in this study were facilities that provide long-term care to older adult residents. Weight change, body mass index and subjective global assessment scores of participants were measured at baseline and at six months across five RACFs receiving usual care with ONS or a sHEHP diet. Groups were different at baseline, with a high prevalence of severe malnutrition observed in the ONS group. Over the six-month period, there was a small but statistically significant difference in weight change within the groups: -1.64 ± 3.62 kg, ONS group; 0.56 ± 2.76 kg, sHEHP group, P = 0.0004. Both approaches investigated are feasible, however, future research using high-quality methods is needed to determine the most effective approach to deliver best practice nutrition care for residents into the future.
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in an 8-week Facebook nutrition intervention. Height, weight, and 3- day food logs were collected post-study. Pre- and post-study BMI were calculated for each participant, and each food diary (pre and post study) was analyzed for changes in dietary intake (ESHA Food Processor). The data were normally distributed and a paired t-test was used to determine differences between the mean of pre- and post-study weight and BMI.
Results: The population (n=8) had an average age of 19.03 years; the majority were female (87.5%) and African American (87.5%). Sixty-three percent of the participants who had pre-post weight measurements (n=8) maintained or decreased their BMI. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in fruit (p=0.18) and vegetable (p=0.90) consumption (n=6). A mean decrease of 23.00 ounces/day was seen in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (p=0.28).
Conclusion: These pilot data indicate that a nutrition intervention including nutrition counseling based on individual energy needs and 8-weeks of messages delivered via Facebook is effective in maintaining or decreasing BMI in overweight and obese freshman. Additionally, there were no significant changes in dietary behavior, although there was an observed overall decrease in sugar-sweetened beverages. Future studies of greater length and with a larger sample size should be conducted to determine if more significant dietary changes and weight changes would be observed in this population.
Recommended Citation
Saunders, Suzanne H., "Changes in BMI and Dietary Behaviors in Overweight and Obese College Freshmen After Measuring Energy Needs, An Individualized Nutrition Consult, and An Eight Week Facebook Nutrition Intervention." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2015. | https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/69/ |
As a track and field runner in school, every year I would sit down with my coach and set a series of goals for the season. Once we had set my goals for the year, we would create a training plan so I could achieve those targets. This helped me answer the main question here: “What are SMART goals?”
Before I got a coach, I used to run aimlessly with no plan, and no target races. More often than not, I would end up injured and find my season-ending after achieving very little.
Once I got a coach, I started winning races that mattered and began enjoying my sport. This annual process taught me from a very early age that goals are important if I want to achieve the things that are valuable to me.
So what exactly are SMART goals? This article will talk about why goals matter, how to use smart goals effectively, and how these goals give you a clear and specific plan that works time and time again.
Table of Contents
- What Are SMART Goals?
- How to Make Achievable Goals
- Bonus: Make a PACT
- Why Do People Fail to Reach Smart Goals?
- Self-Evaluation When Setting SMART Goals
- The Bottom Line
What Are SMART Goals?
The foundation of all successfully accomplished goals is the SMART goal. But what is it?
Originally conceived by George T. Doran in a 1981 paper, this formula has been used in various forms ever since.
SMART is an acronym for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-based. It has been used by corporations and individuals to achieve their goals and objectives and is a formula that, on the whole, works well.
The strength of SMART goals is that they set a clear path to achieving goals, and they have a clear time frame in which to achieve them.
Let’s look at the smart goal setting criteria in more detail:
Specific
For a goal to be achievable, it needs to have a very clear outcome. The clearer the goal, the more likely it is you will achieve it.
For example, if you just say “I want to lose weight,” then technically you could achieve your goal just by not eating dinner for one day—you would lose weight that way, even if it were temporary.
You need to have a more specific goal: “I want to lose twenty pounds by the end of this year.”
Measurable
To achieve anything, it’s important to have measurable goals. Take the example above: “I want to lose twenty pounds by the end of this year.”
It’s measurable, as all you need do is weigh yourself at the beginning of your journey, then deduct twenty pounds from that. Set your new weight target for December 31, then each week weigh yourself to measure progress.
Attainable
What makes a goal attainable? Being attainable means that SMART goals are realistic and that you have what you need in order to achieve them.
In our example of losing weight, 20 pounds in six months is certainly doable. Your resources could include a gym membership, some at-home weights, or motivation to get outside and run every day.
If motivation is an area where you struggle, you can check out Lifehack’s Ultimate Worksheet for Instant Motivation Boost.
Relevant
For any goal to be achieved, you need to set relevant goals for your unique life.
If losing weight is doable with the lifestyle you have, and if you believe it will lead to a happier, healthier life, then it is certainly relevant to you. It’s even more relevant if your doctor has pointed out that you need to lose weight to prevent health issues.
Make a connection and move forward.
Time-based
Finally, you need a timeline. All your goals need to have an end date because it creates a sense of urgency and gives you a deadline.
In our example of losing twenty pounds, a timeline of six months would be specific, measurable, relevant, and would have a timeline. Furthermore, as you have what you need to achieve that goal, it is attainable—all elements of the formula for SMART goals are included.
Check out these 20 SMART goals examples for inspirations.
How to Make Achievable Goals
The problem I have always found with the SMART goal formula is it does not take into account the human factor. We need motivation and a reason for achieving these goals.
For example, if you decide to lose twenty pounds, you are going to spend many months feeling hungry, and unless you possess superhuman mental strength, you are going to give in to the food temptations.
All SMART goals can be distilled down to three words:
- What do you want to achieve?
- Why do you want to achieve it?
- How are you going to achieve it?
When you simplify your goal in this way, achieving it becomes much easier.
1. Visualize What You Want
One way to make your goals achievable is to visualize the end result. When you write out your mission statement, you should be imagining what it will be like once you have achieved the goal.
In our weight loss example, you would close your eyes and imagine walking down from your hotel room in Cancun in December with your towel, sunscreen, sunglasses, and swimwear on. You would imagine walking past all the other sunbathers and the feeling you have, the pride in the way you look and feel.
Try to invoke as many of the five senses as you possibly can.
2. Identify Your “Why”
Once you have made the decision that you want to do this, the next question to ask yourself is, “why?” The more personal your why, the better.
Your why could be, “Because I want to look and feel fantastic by the pool in Cancun.” That is a strong why. If your why is, “Because my doctor told me to lose some weight,” that is not a good why because it’s your doctor’s, not yours.
One way to identify your “why” is to write your mission statement.To help with setting achievable SMART goals, I always ask them to complete the following mission statement:
I will [STATE GOAL CLEARLY] by [DATE YOU WANT TO COMPLETE THE GOAL] because [YOUR WHY].
If you want to write a SMART goal using the weight loss example, your mission statement would be written: “I will lose twenty-pounds by the end of this year because I want to look and feel fantastic in Cancun.”
Never write a mission statement that is full of vague words. The words you use should be simple, direct, and clear.
3. Figure Out Your “How”
Before you can begin to attain your goal, you need to create a list of steps you can take to make it happen.
Write down everything you can think of that will help achieve your goal. It doesn’t matter what order you write these tasks down; what matters is that you write down as many action steps as you can think of.
I always aim for around one hundred small steps. This makes it much easier to assign tasks for each day that not only move you forward on your goal but also keep you focused every day on achieving it.
Once you have your list, you can create a to-do list for the goal and allocate the steps to different days so you create momentum towards a successful outcome.
You can learn more about how to use SMART goals to achieve success and lasting change in this video:
Bonus: Make a PACT
There is one more part needed to really make sure you achieve the SMART goals you set for yourself, and that is something I call PACT. PACT is another acronym meaning Patience, Action, Consistency, and Time. You need all four of these to achieve your goals.
Patience
Without patience, you will give up. To achieve anything worthwhile requires patience. Success does not happen overnight. Be patient and enjoy the process of stepping a little closer to achieving your goal each day.
Action
If you do not take action on any goal, then even SMART goals won’t be achieved. You need to make sure you remind yourself of your goal and why you want to achieve it each day. Read your mission statement, make an action plan, and then take the necessary action to make sure you move a step closer each day.
Consistency
The action you take each day towards achieving your goal needs to be consistent. You can’t follow your diet program for a week and then have three weeks off. Jim Rohn said it perfectly when he said:
“Success is a few simple disciplines practised every day.”
Time
Of course, you need to allow enough time between where you are today and where you want to be in the future. Be realistic about time, and don’t get disheartened if you miss your deadline. Readjust your timeline if necessary.
Why Do People Fail to Reach Smart Goals?
Setting SMART goals and achieving them is not easy, and many people fail. A study by Scranton University found that only 8% of those who set New Year goals actually achieve them, meaning 92% who set these goals fail.
The problem is that many people see goals as hopes and wishes. They hope they will lose some weight, they wish to start their own business, or they have a desire to get a better job. The problem with “hoping” and “wishing” for something is that there is no plan, no purpose, and no time frame set for achieving the goals.
Once these hopes and wishes come face-to-face with the realities of daily life, they soon dissolve into lost hopes and wishful thinking.
Therefore, in order to really achieve something, you need a concrete goal: a SMART goal.
Self-Evaluation When Setting SMART Goals
Despite understanding what SMART goals are and how to effectively write them out, some of you will succeed in your goals while some of you will fail.
That is the nature of goals. Despite your best efforts, sometimes you’ll come out short. But that’s okay because this reveals another aspect of goals.
You see, goals help us change in so many ways, and they themselves can change, too. As you work through your goals, you might make adjustments to them. Maybe you need a little more time, or you weren’t expecting other life distractions to dig into your time.
Regardless, here is how you want to approach and evaluate these aspects:
Evaluating Failure
Take failure as a learning opportunity. It’s a chance for you to learn about yourself and your goal-setting strategies. From there, you can take that information and begin to make adjustments before attempting the goal again.
It is essential that if you experience roadblocks or failures, you don’t take them as such. These are challenges and opportunities for growth and further adjustment. The key is to walk away from these aspects with more knowledge than before.
Evaluating Success
While this is a good opportunity to enjoy your rewards, you should also use this opportunity for reflection, perhaps even more than with failure.
Success is great, but that often leads to the question of “what’s next?” And for many people, this is not an easy question to answer. All in all, success can lead to us stagnating, which is dangerous.
That’s not to say we need to be constantly achieving and setting goals. You should certainly be celebrating victories big or small. Not only that, but it’s key that we enjoy the results of our efforts.
However, there comes a point where we need to reflect on that success. What have you gained from that success? What can you do moving forward to achieve more? What do you want to do next?
By asking deeper questions about what you have achieved, you can further develop yourself and narrow down what needs to be focused on next.
The Bottom Line
The key to success is to put everything together. When you connect all of these elements, you create an environment where achieving goals becomes much more attainable.
Whether it’s personal or business goals, when you have a strong personal “why” for your goal, your motivation to keep going stays strong.
Start with your “why,” and then get started on the action steps that will take you all the way to the end. | https://www.lifehack.org/759949/how-to-use-smart-goal |
Human culture is the result of a unique cumulative evolutionary process. Despite the importance of culture for our species the social transmission mechanisms underlying this process are still not fully understood. In particular, the role of language – another unique human behaviour – in social transmission is under-explored. In this first direct, systematic comparison of demonstration vs language-based social learning, we ran transmission chains of participants (6- to 8-year-old children and adults) who attempted to extract a reward from a puzzle box after either watching a model demonstrate an action sequence or after listening to verbal instructions describing the action sequence. The initial seeded sequences included causally relevant and irrelevant actions allowing us to measure transmission fidelity and the accumulation of beneficial modifications through the lens of a subtractive ratchet effect. Overall, we found that, compared to demonstration, verbal instruction specifically enhanced the faithful transmission of causally irrelevant actions (overimitation) in children, but not in adults. Cumulative cultural evolution requires the faithful transmission of sophisticated, complex behaviour whose function may not be obvious. This indicates that, by supporting the retention of actions that appear to lack a causal function specifically by children, language may play a supportive role in cumulative cultural evolution. | https://research-portal.uws.ac.uk/en/publications/effects-of-verbal-instruction-vs-modelling-on-imitation-and-overi |
Science: Analog Intelligence
Last time, we imagined that a cognitive “confabulation” process (and therefore all intelligence) happens in the brain as an interference phenomenon, or a sort of nonlinear convolution, among complicated modes of oscillation on a neural network.
But this idea is immature and unfunded, and experiments are not prepared at the moment to rigorously test some kind of hard prediction.
So instead, let us wave our hands, consider the typical living person as an empirical phenomenon, and attempt to describe a basic theory of idea genesis by thinking about it/him/her. A spoken sentence is commonly defined in English class as a “complete thought,” and we hypothesize that this definition can be closely correlated with some specific thing that might be called an “understood idea” as it enters or exits a conscious person, given the following conditions:
1) The person is arriving spontaneously at each output word, i.e. composing sentences as they are being spoken. This is different from a “memorized idea” which could instead be modeled as a sort of large word in a person’s vocabulary. It is also different from a “perceived idea” like this sentence that you are reading, because in this case a large percentage of the processing devoted to “finding” each word is cut out and replaced with less-intensive processing devoted to parsing each word and, in a typical case, “sounding it out” internally as your eye scans the page. Incidentally, that is why it takes much longer to write a book than it takes to read it.
2) The person really understands each input word, a philosophical dead end which can only be assumed from a given reply.
So where do these understood ideas come from? We tend to agree what is a coherent sentence, and far chaining mellow peninsula no binder what. But how do we arrive at the correct series of words for each idea? It is not really possible to identify the physical source of any particular word that I might say myself, because to do so would require me to say new and different words (at least internally), and so on. But it is still possible to theorize a mechanism by which this can happen in a general sense, that is consistent with the principles of analog confabulation.
A good place to start is with the acknowledgment that words are not guaranteed to mean exactly the same things to different people, and it is only by assuming a considerable amount of shared experience that we can rely on these labels to signify approximately what we intend to communicate. It would also be wise to acknowledge the fact that most things that can be understood by intelligent beings aren’t easily translated into words, as the arrival of creatures with “large” vocabularies was not very long ago, and therefore we have a rather naive understanding of what a “large” vocabulary actually is.
With that in mind, let’s get right to the core of the matter: what makes a certain word or pattern part of a person’s vocabulary? What is its function in relation to other words, and the people who use them? I consider it logical and correct to describe each word as a reminder of some shared experience. Why does the word “apple” mean what it does? Because it has been associated with the experience of an apple since before any one of us was alive. I know what the word means because I have experienced it so many times in the presence of apples. I can communicate this to other people, because when dealing with apples, I am strongly inclined to spontaneously arrive at that word, and externalize it.
The paradox, then, is this: if every word in a given vocabulary has to refer to some common feature of experience, how do people communicate new things? Well, there are several other factors to consider. First, it is possible to arrange familiar words in a way that reveals some previously unfamiliar aspect of the relationship between them. When these arrangements are particularly witty or profound, they are often called “jokes.”
Second, it is sometimes possible and even necessary to create new, completely unfamiliar words when they are required by a new idea. In these cases, if the new words are particularly appropriate or useful, they must refer to some common feature of experience that has not been named, and so they are assimilated into the shared vocabulary of those who understand the new idea. That is how language evolves.
Third, human communication has always been imprecise at best and useless at worst, so there is hardly any guarantee that listeners will ever understand anything I say in the same way that I do. This imprecision is usually ignored by humans, yet it causes the evolution of communicated ideas in unpredictable and not necessarily unhelpful directions. On the other hand, when we are inclined to read and write precise, executable computer code, it is often found that simply reading the code like one would read a book does not provide any useful insight. To rigorously understand a computer program or a mathematical proof, one must essentially construct a perfect imitation of some discrete state of mind achieved by its original creator, and it is not a coincidence that our relatively primitive machines can be readily configured to make use of these same ideas. We should also not be surprised that drilling children in the efficient execution of algorithms does little to produce creative adults.
Luckily, none of these factors lead to contradiction when imagining a neural network as an analog phenomenon, and in fact the reality seems much more consistent with this framework than with typical digital and discrete-time neural networks. The idea requires a rather uncompromising philosophy once it is extrapolated far enough, but that’s a common problem with any broad scientific theory. The most difficult point to accept will be that in this view, there is no further control system or homunculus that sits “behind” the interference phenomenon in any sense, as the phenomenon itself is the only control mechanism present. This challenging idea might lead some to conclude that insanity is only one unfortunate circumstance away, or even that free will itself does not exist. I would caution those who go that far to be aware of exactly what it is they are defining – if “free will” means the capacity for human beings to make decisions that contradict every rational force or expectation in the known universe, then explaining in scientific terms how this condition arises only serves to reinforce its reality.
It is trivial to cover edge cases (read: far from the cortex) with this model, because for example, medical science already knows that the force conveyed through a muscle is proportional to the frequency of the nerve pulses, not amperage or anything like that. Considering this, “reflex actions” and “muscle memories” can be explained as progressively longer signal paths that penetrate farther toward the cortex proper, but are quickly reflected back at the muscles that will perform the response. The difficulty comes with explaining more sophisticated animal behaviors, and finally with accounting for the nature of introspective consciousness. The signal paths for these actions are certainly orders of magnitude more complex than any of those which we can directly observe at present, but it is not impossible or even implausible that the underlying physical mechanism should essentially be the same.
The central hypothesis linking analog confabulation with intelligence suggests that in reality, conscious thought is only ever quantized or digitized in the sense that a given signal either “resonates with” or “does not resonate with” the rest of the brain. It would not be elementary to add or multiply these signals in a linear fashion, as the space of human ideas is not affine. Thus, a set of words grouped together in a specific order can encode much more information than the set of information gathered from each word when considered on its own. Furthermore, ideas beyond a certain elementary complexity level are never 100% guaranteed to persist. A common annoyance called a “brain fart” happens typically when one word or phrase from an idea that “should” be resonating with the others fails to enter the feedback condition, due to unexpected interference from any number of sources. This condition is not usually permanent, but people can and do permanently forget ideas that don’t resonate with anything for the rest of their lives.
Is it really possible to understand intelligence if this much ambiguity is required? Analog systems have characteristics that make them very useful for certain tasks related to intelligence, so it is in our best interest to try. After it has stabilized, a neural network arrives at a sort of “temporary solution” where the weightings of its connections are each optimally configured that no (or few) weightings change on the next recurrence of network activity. It would seem that an analog system could be stabilized in this manner to much more significant precision, and possibly in much less time, especially if any “aliasing” effect of the digitized neurons causes disruptive oscillatory behavior to persist longer than it would otherwise. The improvement over coarse digital algorithms would likely be significant, as evidenced by the fact that bees can reliably discover the best routes to maximize food collection using very little available hardware. A digital simulation of physically precise or effectively “continuous” neural networks is possible and has been attempted, but the complexity and price of such a system is still prohibitive, to say the least. The alternatives would appear to be either an enormously complicated analog computer, or the convenient discovery of some mathematical trick that makes efficient modeling with Turing machines possible.
Therefore, at present this perspective on high-level behavior and intelligence might be developed further in a qualitative field like psychology. One intriguing theory of mind, originally published by Julian Jaynes in 1976, suggests that humans went through a phase of “bicameral” mentality in which one part of the brain that generated new ideas was perceived by the other part as a member of the external universe. Jaynes suggests that this “bicameralism” was similar in principle to what we call “schizophrenia” today, and can account for all sorts of historical oddities that we call religions, myths and legends. The theory is based on the core epiphany that logical and learned behaviors predate consciousness and indeed provide some of the necessary conditions for its existence. This is used to push the idea that the human “phenomenon” emerged from interactions between sophisticated, organized animals and the external environment after a special phase of “bicameral society” in which most humans were not even self-aware.
Jaynes’s historical analysis touches on many interesting ideas, and provides enough evidence to demand a serious consideration, but its most obvious shortcoming is the manner in which it skips from an initial, abstract consideration of the separation between behavior and consciousness, to a discussion of Gilgamesh and the Iliad. We pick up the story of mankind there, and nothing is said of the millions of years of evolution leading to that point. Any complete theory of intelligence has to account for canine and primate societies as well as early human ones, and Jaynes’s bold assertions leave the reader wondering if there are any self-aware apes leading their mindless troops through the jungle.
In the framework of analog confabulation, we can ignore some of these hairier philosophical challenges for the moment, as the bicameral mind simply bears striking similarities to one intuitive model of a general pre-conscious condition. When a stimulus enters the kitty cat, it responds immediately and predictably. This is the behavior of a system that is not considerably affected by feedback. It can be characterized as involving a sort of linear path from the senses into the cortex, with one or two “bounces” against the cortex and then back out through the muscles as a reaction. It’s really quick and works wonderfully for climbing and hunting, but it means that the cat will never sit down and invent a mousetrap.
Self-aware creatures, on the other hand, behave as if there is significant feedback, at least while introspecting, and their brains might be characterized as having a great number of “loops” in the neural pathways. It means that the resonances theorized by analog confabulation can be extremely sophisticated, but naturally sophisticated resonating structures would have to develop before any of that could happen. The critical threshold must obviously involve enough complexity to process a vocabulary of a certain size, but it could include communication of any kind, using any of the senses.
The question of when or whether bicameral human societies existed is unaffected by any of this, but at the same time that possibility cannot be ruled out. It might even be valid to say that, for example, dogs have “bicameral minds” like Jaynes claims ancient humans did, only that their vocabulary is limited and not fully understood by us. Much of it could be roughly translated into simple, impulsive ideas like “I’m hungry!” or “come play!” or “squirrel!” like the dogs in Up, but a dog could never say “I’m thinking so therefore I exist!” in the same manner. Most dogs have not discovered that their brains are the source of their own ideas, and even if they did they would not have any good word for “think.”
So what solid logic supports this theory in the end?
– Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area are two topologically complex parts of the brain that are active in understanding and forming words, respectively. A high-bandwidth neural loop connects them.
– A large body of circumstantial evidence, some of which will be included here:
– Uniquely “human” behaviors like laughter, dancing, singing, and aesthetic choices all can be said to have a certain “rhythmic” component that describes the behavior intuitively and at a low level. Each behavior would then involve periodic signals, by definition.
– More specifically, if laughter really does betray some “inner” resonance that happens involuntarily when a human encounters the right kind of new idea, that phenomenon suddenly makes a whole lot more sense in an evolutionary context.
– Meditation reveals how new ideas arrive as unexpected, sudden, and sharp feedback loops, which often take some time to deconstruct and translate into the appropriate words, but are nevertheless very difficult to erase or forget. That is of course, unless an idea arrives in the middle of the night, in which case the noise of REM sleep can overwrite anything that is not written down.
– The fact that words have to “happen” to a person several times before they are useful means that each has a periodicity, even if it is irregular. And some words like “day” and “night” occur with regular periodicity.
– Music has profound effects on the mind. Duh.
– Light also affects mood, and too much of the wrong spectrum can make you SAD.
I’ll try to keep this list updated as I remember more circumstantial evidence that should be written down in a notebook already, but it seems like there would be a lot. In any case, if you *ahem* have thoughts about this theory, please do share them. Nobody really knows the answer to any of these questions yet so all ideas are appreciated.
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[…] interested in this method of “humor analysis” because it seems to emerge so naturally from a feedback-dominated model of intelligence. A laugh happens when a person notices something that is interpreted as “true” enough to […]
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She studied Nihonga painting, a rigorous formal style developed during the Meiji period (1868–1912) to deflect the wholesale influence of Western art through the revitalization of the traditions of Japanese painting and their synthesis with aspects of Western art. The inherent philosophical paradox of these paintings—that "infinity" could be quantified and constrained within the arbitrary structure of a readymade canvas—combined with the more subjective and obsessional implications of their process, distinguish these works from Minimalist abstraction, which would dominate the New York art scene several years later. Kusama’s burning desire to paint continued, and in the late 1940s and early 1950s she looked abroad, impressed by the new generation of American painters.
Created: 1989. In the early 1970s Kusama returned to Japan, where she began writing shockingly visceral and surrealistic novels, short stories, and poetry, including The Hustler's Grotto of Christopher Street (1983) and Violet Obsession (1998). Japanese-American Painter, Sculptor, Photographer, Installation, Performance, and Conceptual Artist. Sept 1, 2016 / The bluish-grey underlay is almost completely obscured by small, white semi-circles, which consume the entire canvas and only allow the gray underlay to be visible in the form of tiny dots. The form is reminiscent of female genitalia with red spikes surrounding it. She employed painting, sculpture, performance art, and installations in a variety of styles, including Pop art …
We can see through her own words, a sense of what these paintings accomplished for the artist: "With just one polka dot, nothing can be achieved. She studied Nihonga painting, a rigorous formal style developed during the Meiji period (1868–1912) to deflect the wholesale influence of Western art through the revitalization of the traditions of Japanese painting and their synthesis with aspects of Western art. She went on to develop other striking bodies of work, including the phallic soft-sculptures Accumulation, Sex Obsession, and Compulsion Furniture, which she later incorporated into full-scale sensorial environments. Yayoi Kusama was born in Matsumoto City, Japan in 1929.
Genre: Portrait. ©2020 The Art Story Foundation. Yayoi Kusama's life is a poignant testament to the healing power of art as well as a study in human resilience. TRUFFLEAT SHOP PHUKET, THAILAND IS NOW OPEN. The work consists of a single abandoned armchair painted white and completely covered with soft, stuffed phallic protrusions, while fringe encircles the base of the sculpture. Yayoi Kusama was born in Matsumoto City, Japan in 1929. Psychedelic tie-dye face masks are the easiest way to wear 2020’s biggest trend, The finest fresh white truffles in season straight from Alba Italy to Thailand, Vietnam Unveils Third Wave of Business Reforms: Resolution 68, 10 new hotels in Asia we can’t wait to stay in once it’s safe to travel again. In the universe, there is the sun, the moon, the earth, and hundreds of millions of stars. She views her recent paintings as diary entries.
But her mother wouldn’t entertain the idea, instead telling Kusama that she was destined to be a dutiful wife to a wealthy husband. Yayoi Kusama, one of the world’s top selling female artists and most popular exhibitors made famous by her polka dot motifs, can rightly be called the matriarch of Pop Art. Accumulation No.1 is the first in Kusama's iconic Accumulations series, in which she transforms found furniture into sexualized objects. I felt as if I had begun to self-obliterate, to revolve in the infinity of endless time and the absoluteness of space, and be reduced to nothingness." Yayoi Kusama, (born March 22, 1929, Matsumoto, Japan), Japanese artist who was a self-described “obsessional artist,” known for her extensive use of polka dots and for her infinity installations. O’Keeffe, who was more than 40 years Kusama’s senior, warned her that artists in America had “a hard time making a living”. No. From a very young age, Kusama experienced hallucinations in which a single pattern would engulf everything in her field of vision. Her familiarity with fighting for her life, and her compassion for others involved in causes against injustice, led Kusama to briefly associate with many subcultural movements of her time such as the hippie culture of the 1960s and the feminist movement. She would often send her daughter to spy on her father's sexual exploits, the mental trauma of which caused Kusama to have a permanent aversion to sex and the male body. Attracted by the experimental promise of the postwar international art scene, Kusama moved to New York City in 1958. Despite their bright colours, the works have titles such as The Far End of my Sorrow and All About Joy, reflecting a troubled soul. This endless repetition caused a kind of dizzy, empty, hypnotic feeling." Kusama's work is in the collections of leading museums throughout the world, including the Museum of Modern Art, New York; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; Tate Modern, London; Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam; Centre Pompidou, Paris; and the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo. She says that art became her way to express her mental disease. These themes of self-obliteration and representation of the infinite would become an obsession for Kusama as she attempted to represent what she believed to be her alternate reality. During her time in US and back in Japan, Kusama has never identified as belonging to any artistic movement, always describing her style simply as “Kusama art” despite her connections to major avant-garde artists. The books and articles below constitute a bibliography of the sources used in the writing of this page. More than just making a statement against patriarchal authority, these "compulsion furniture" pieces, as she called them, were deeply personal for Kusama as they were her way of coping with her own innate sexual anxieties. Born in 1929 in Matsumoto, Japan, Kusama grew up as the youngest of four children in an affluent family. From 1967 she staged provocative happenings in various locations, from the New York Stock Exchange to Central Park to the Museum of Modern Art. Watching the Sea. They also showcase the way she used art to process her mental illness. Your email address will not be published. Artist Yayoi Kusama was born in Matsumoto City, Japan in 1929. Kusama's Infinity Net series marks the beginning of a radical shift in her work from the singular abstract, biomorphic forms she painted during her youth to the more obsessive, repetitive works that would define her career. Pursuing philosophy of the universe through art under such circumstances has led me to what I call stereotypical repetition." She has since completed major outdoor sculptural commissions, mostly in the form of brightly hued, monstrous plants and flowers, for public and private institutions including the Fukuoka Prefectural Museum of Art, Fukuoka, Japan; Benesse Art Site Naoshima, Japan; Matsumoto City Museum of Art, Matsumoto, Japan; Eurolille, Lille, France; and Beverly Hills City Council, Beverly Hills, California. Begun in the late 1950s, the series coincided with Kusama's move from her oppressive homeland to New York, where she found the artistic freedom she needed to expand her art practice. March 29–31, 2019, booth 1C18Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centrewww.artbasel.com. Required fields are marked *. She began painting as a child to express hallucinations and escape a family dynamic marked by abuse and neglect.
Download the full press release in English (PDF), Simplified Chinese (PDF), or Traditional Chinese (PDF), Zeng Fanzhi, Rooster, 2019 © 2019 Zeng Fanzhi. A vital part of New York’s avant-garde art scene from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, Yayoi Kusama developed a distinctive style utilizing approaches associated with Abstract Expressionism, Minimalism, Pop art, Feminist art, and Institutional Critique—but she always defined herself in her own terms.
Feb 15, 2017 / “One day I was looking at the red flower patterns of the tablecloth on a table, and when I looked up I saw the same pattern covering the ceiling, the windows and the walls, and finally all over the room, my body and the universe. For Kusama, artmaking became an essential survival mechanism.
Yayoi Kusama's life is a poignant testament to the healing power of art as well as a study in human resilience. As Asia scholar, Alexandra Munroe explains, "her ambition for supremacy over men and over sexuality is relentlessly expressed in her repetitive and aggregate use of the phallus form, which can be interpreted as an aggressive will and fantasy to defy oppressive male power by possessing it symbolically herself."
This hypnotic feeling is furthermore translated to the viewer, as they are invited into the artist's mind. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xrJy-1_qS4. Yayoi Kusama Dot Art. Although the obsessive and time-consuming Nets were painstaking to create, they proved therapeutic for the artist. Still, Kusama often tells of how she craved fame when she arrived in New York. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.
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Often called developmental or structural editing, this is where an editor focuses on the structure, flow, and organization of the content. Does the order of your chapters make sense? Do they unfold in a rational and logical way? Are your transitions solid? Do your ideas flow in a way that will make sense to your reader? At this stage the goal is to set the content in its optimal order.
Often called copyediting (or line editing or stylistic editing), this is the phase where the editor gets into the nitty-gritty details, smoothing over problem areas in grammar, punctuation, and overall consistency. An editor will also consider things like biased language, use of jargon, plain language, and sentence variety.
Writers tend to associate editing with correcting overt typos, spelling, and punctuation errors — i.e., a manuscript with lots of red ink, or in this day and age, track changes. But there are other not-so-obvious errors that copyeditors are pros at spotting.
For example, copyeditors also ensure consistency in hyphenation, abbreviations, numbers, and capitalization, and they even fact-check place/character names and timeline considerations. This is on top of all the language and style preferences that copyeditors compile in a style sheet, where they keep track of all the rules and preferences applied across the document.
The copyeditor will also catch details like a character’s name spelled in multiple ways or the fact that the main character’s eyes are suddenly blue in chapter 6. Consistency across all these different dimensions is what keeps your reader glued to your narrative: a book riddled with errors, even minor consistency errors, can jar the reader out of the flow of the narrative. When this happens, they go from reading the story to reading the words — stuck at the surface of the page. Copyediting is the magic that keeps your reader happily immersed in your story.
This is the proofreading phase. Although a lot of people conflate copyediting and proofreading, proofreading is technically the final phase of the editing process. Once the manuscript has been copyedited and formatted, the proofreader makes sure everything is as polished as possible, catching any remaining typos and formatting errors/inconsistencies (like table of contents numbering that doesn’t point to where it should or inaccurate cross-references, leading you down a rabbit hole). Essentially, the proofreader works on the final copy to ensure maximum quality control.
In an ideal world, a different editor would work on each level of edit (structural, copyedit, proofread), but time and budget constraints often mean that one editor will do several or all of these. One thing is for sure though – finalizing the structure of the narrative happens before handing off your manuscript to a copyeditor or proofreader to polish the language.
Conscious Style Guide for more on bias and conscious language considerations around gender/sexuality, age, disability, ethnicity/race, and more.
Erika Steeves is a copyeditor and proofreader who loves working with creative entrepreneurs and independent/self-publishing writers to help them move towards their writing and publishing goals. She is a member of Editors Canada.
Visit her website at www.erikasteeves.com and follow her on Facebook and Twitter.
Great explanation of the different phases of editing, Erika! | http://www.erikasteeves.com/blog/3-types-of-editing-every-self-publishing-writer-needs-to-know-about |
How long does it really take to fly from Spokane to Hood River? Here's a sample itinerary for a commercial flight plan. If you want to know the total travel time to reach Hood River, you need to include time at the airports. Eventually, you'll be able to customize this itinerary to select other nearby airports and choose your preferred airline.
Thursday, 2:50 pm: start in Spokane
drive for about 17 minutes
most airlines recommend you get to the airport at least 90 minutes before your flight, so arrive by 4:02 pm at the latest
3:07 pm: Spokane International (GEG)
if you need to check luggage, make sure you do it at least 30-60 minutes before departure, or in this case, by 4:32 pm
3:37 pm: get your boarding pass and go through TSA security
allow enough time for long security lines during busy travel seasons or holidays, and prepare for the wait time
4:37 pm: arrive at the gate
once you're ready to board, you can get something to eat in the airport or just relax near the gate
5:07 pm: prepare for boarding
check your boarding pass for your group number or listen to the gate agent as they announce boarding, some airlines require you to be in the boarding area 10-15 minutes before departure or risk losing your seat
5:22 pm: board Alaska Airlines Inc. flight
you can scroll down to view other airlines that fly this route
5:32 pm: this is your scheduled departure time
but this flight is usually delayed by an average of 20 minutes
5:52 pm: so this is your actual departure time
it takes the plane an average of 13 minutes to taxi to the runway
6:05 pm: wheels up! take-off from GEG
fly for about 44 minutes in the air
6:49 pm: Seattle/Tacoma International (SEA)
Seattle, WA is the same time as Spokane, WA
land at the connecting airport
taxi on the runway for an average of 7 minutes to the gate
6:56 pm: arrive at the connecting airport
make sure you schedule enough time for your layover
there may be a minimum connection time for your flight
7:35 pm: get to your connection gate
with the average delay, you have about 39 minutes
if your incoming flight was delayed, you may need to run
7:50 pm: board SkyWest Airlines Inc. connecting flight
you can scroll down to view other airlines that fly this route
8:00 pm: scheduled departure time for connecting flight
but this flight is usually delayed by an average of 15 minutes
8:15 pm: actual departure time for connecting flight
it takes the plane an average of 18 minutes to taxi to the runway
8:33 pm: wheels up again! take-off from
fly for about 30 minutes in the air
9:03 pm (local time): Portland International (PDX)
Hood River is the same time as Spokane
taxi on the runway for an average of 5 minutes to the gate
9:08 pm (local time): arrive at the gate at PDX
deboard the plane, and claim any baggage
if you're renting a car, check if you need to take a shuttle to car rental agency, otherwise you can ride in a cab, limo, or Uber for about 2.5 hours to your destination
11:45 pm (local time): arrive in Hood River
Now finally, let's look at an example flight from GEG to PDX and figure out how long it would take to fly including take-off and landing, and time to taxi on the runway.
So now we can finally get an idea of the total travel time from Spokane to Hood River including time spent getting to/from the airports, an estimated wait time of 2 hours at the airport for TSA security lines and waiting at the gate, and the actual flight itself.
Total travel time: 6 hours
How far is Hood River from Spokane? Here's the quick answer if you have a private jet and you can fly in the fastest possible straight line.
Flight distance: 237 miles or 381 km
Flight time: 41 minutes
Compare this to a whole day of commercial travel with the airports and waiting in line for security, which ends up taking a total of 8 hours, 56 minutes.
Flying private is roughly 10.2x faster, and saves you about 8 hours in your total travel time.
Because of the curvature of the Earth, the shortest distance is actually the "great circle" distance, or "as the crow flies" which is calculated using an iterative Vincenty formula.
This is a relatively short flight in a private plane, but you might be planning to book a commercial flight. In that case, your travel time would really need to include how many minutes to get to your local airport, wait for security, board and taxi on the runway, land at the other airport, and get to your destination. The flight itinerary at the top of the page takes into account all these factors to get a more accurate estimate of your actual flight time.
Looking at flights on Alaska Airlines Inc. from GEG to SEA, and connecting flights on SkyWest Airlines Inc. from SEA to PDX, here's a breakdown of the number of flights available each day:
Based on these statistical results, we chose Thursday for the flight itinerary above.
The most common route is GEG to SEA, then connecting to PDX, so that's what we used in the sample itinerary. However, you may want to explore travel alternatives, you could try one of these routes:
We picked Alaska Airlines Inc. for your main flight, and SkyWest Airlines Inc. for your connecting flight, but there are other airlines that you should check if you're looking for the cheapest flight, or you need a different schedule. Check the websites of these airlines:
Trippy has a ton of information that can help you plan your trip to Hood River, Oregon. Start by reading the Trippy page on where to stay in Hood River. If you're looking for a place to stay, you might want to check out Columbia Gorge Hotel. A great place to eat might be Double Mountain Brewery. Trippy members can suggest things to do in Hood River like Pfriem Family Brewers. Click the button below to explore Hood River in detail.
The distance is the same either way if you're flying a straight line. But for a real trip, there can be plenty of differences so go ahead and check the reverse flight itinerary to fly from Hood River to Spokane, or go to the main page to calculate other flight times.
You can also compare the travel time if you were to drive instead. Get the full itinerary for a Spokane to Hood River road trip. Or if you're more interested in the distance, How far is it from Spokane to Hood River?
If you happen to know Spokane, don't forget to help other travelers and answer some questions about Spokane! | https://www.trippy.com/fly/Spokane-WA-to-Hood-River |
On 22 June, NHSX published their draft data strategy for health and social care. This strategy could not have come at a more crucial time. Population health was already suffering before the pandemic, through stalled improvements in life expectancy and widening health inequalities. Now the NHS faces renewed and unprecedented pressure, with a growing backlog of care (4 million fewer people completed elective care in 2020 than in 2019), and the long-term health burden of the pandemic still unknown.
The past 18 months have highlighted the opportunities, with data being used to track outbreaks, identify those who should shield, develop treatments, and target and monitor vaccine rollout. The challenges have also been clear: the loss of 16,000 coronavirus test results (a problem of data infrastructure), and the absence of national data to identify care home residents, for example. More recently, plans to overhaul the collection and sharing of GP data have provoked controversy, along with calls for greater transparency and better engagement with the public around how data are collected, shared and used – and the start date for that programme has been pushed back further. It is for exactly these reasons that the strategy should be welcomed.
What do we need from a strategy to deliver effective and responsible use of data to improve health?
To really underpin transformation in the use of data in health and social care the strategy needs to address many issues. There are at least three areas of need.
Firstly, better data – more timely, granular, accurate and higher quality – on the health and health needs of the population. This information is needed to inform public debate, decision making at a local and national level, design and delivery of health-improving activity, and to understand inequalities and monitor progress against them. Clinical audit and registry data need to be integrated with electronic health record systems. There must be improved measuring of outcomes, shifting from a focus on simply measuring activity and costs. Social care must not be forgotten either: the sector still trails far behind when it comes to its use of data – which was exposed during the pandemic.
Secondly, we need a system that can routinely develop and deploy data-driven solutions at scale and do so safely and equitably – reducing, not exacerbating, health inequalities. We must overcome the barriers that are preventing data-driven innovations from being implemented (both those developed within the health and social care system, and those from industry). These include technical and regulatory issues, evaluation challenges, wider implementation challenges, and lack of capacity and freedom within NHS analytical teams to drive innovation. Creating a culture of sharing and reproducibility will help ensure that data science innovations developed in one place can be rapidly spread elsewhere – making best use of limited resources.
Finally, perhaps most importantly of all, we need to recognise how important the trust of patients, the public and the workforce is. Meaningful and transparent engagement that ensures the public can influence decisions about how we use health data is central to building and maintaining trust. This is particularly important given the recent concerns raised about the GP data for planning and research programme. We are not starting from a blank slate here – there are examples of good practice springing up around the system showing just how this engagement can be done.
Will the data strategy enable the transformation needed?
There is much to be positive about in the NHSX data strategy. It is an important statement of intent, signalling the government is serious about unlocking the potential of data for health and social care. The core priorities are welcome: building understanding and transparency, making appropriate data sharing the norm, and building the right foundations to enable this.
The strategy’s recognition of the importance of the health and social care analytical workforce is a welcome step forward – highlighting the need to ensure they get the recognition, professional status and support needed to be able to put their skills to use. Our Advancing Applied Analytics programme is one initiative that has been trying to address just this. Also welcome are commitments to supporting open and reproducible analytics, addressing the data deficiencies in social care, and acknowledging the importance of federated analytics, something the Health Foundation’s Networked Data Lab is deploying to analyse linked datasets.
But there are some important areas in which the draft strategy perhaps falls short and which the final version (expected before the end of the year) must address.
The strategy doesn’t go far enough on the complex relationship between data and inequalities. Data are critical to measuring inequalities, understanding their drivers and monitoring progress towards reducing them. But there are big risks. Using data or data-driven tools without a critical assessment of the context in which the data were generated risks reinforcing existing structural inequalities – such as unequal access to health care services. Furthermore, efforts to increase patients’ access to their own data could lead to inequalities between those with the digital access and skills needed and those without. The final strategy should have a bigger focus on addressing inequalities, and clear commitments. The Health Foundation and the NHS AI Lab are funding research aimed at addressing one part of this – advancing the use of artificial intelligence for the benefit of minority ethnic communities. Other actions could include improving the diversity of the analytical workforce, at all levels of seniority.
Recognition of the specific challenges in social care is encouraging and much needed. But we need bigger and bolder action, in collaboration with the sector, to address the challenges which include variable levels of digitisation among care providers and a fragile provider landscape that produces conflicting motives when it comes to data sharing. Collection of client-level data is welcome, but given the pressures providers are under, the data collection burden must not become too great.
The issues related to the GP data collection and sharing programme, described earlier, raise concerns that the lessons about the importance of communicating and engaging with the public from the care.data scheme have not been learned. While the strategy includes commitments to increasing transparency, building trust will require a conversation through which the public can influence decisions about how their data are used, by who and under what conditions. Health care professionals – among the professions most trusted by the British public – must also be engaged in the development and implementation of the strategy.
Finally, of course, the strategy alone cannot guarantee change – this will be driven by how the commitments are implemented. In some areas these commitments are light on detail. The final strategy has an opportunity to address this, building confidence that it is backed-up with a clear plan for delivery. It remains to be seen whether we are about to witness a long-awaited step-change in how data are used for everyone’s benefit.
Josh Keith is a Senior Fellow in the Data Analytics team at the Health Foundation.
This article was originally published by HSJ on 5 August 2021.
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Introduction to cells and tissues
Histology (‘histo’ meaning ‘tissue’ or ‘web’ in Greek) is the study of normal cells and tissues, mainly with the use of a microscope. It involves all aspects of tissue biology, focusing on how cells’ structure and arrangement optimize functions specific for each organ.
The sound knowledge of these normal histologic structures is essential for understanding the histopathology or pathology of any disease, which often cause specific changes in cells and tissues.
Cells
Cells are the building blocks of all living organisms. They are the smallest units in the living body and contain all the fundamental molecules that permit life. The simplest organisms, like bacteria, for example, are formed of a single cell. More complex organisms, such as humans, consist of a vast array of highly specialized cells.
Cells perform various functions, depending on their genetic blueprint. They can acquire and utilize energy, perform a variety of chemical reactions, engage in mechanical activities, and overall maintain proper body homeostasis. It should be noted that cells can only arise from the division of preexisting cells.
Cytoplasm
In general, the cell can be divided into two compartments: the cytoplasm and nucleus (N). The cytoplasm is located outside the nucleus, and contains various organelles and a cytoplasmic matrix. This matrix consists of solutes that include inorganic ions, like sodium, potassium, and calcium, and organic molecules, like carbohydrates, proteins, and ribonucleic acid (RNAs).
Nucleus
The nucleus, on the other hand, is considered the largest organelle within a cell. It contains the genetic material in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), along with the enzymes necessary for DNA replication and RNA transcription.
Other Organelles
The cytoplasm also contains various other organelles that are classified as being either membranous or nonmembranous. Some of the major membranous organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus (G), the mitochondria (M), intracellular transport vesicles (V), and lysosomes (L). Organelles that are not enclosed by a membrane include ribosomes, cytoskeletal structures, centrioles, cilia, and flagella.
Both the cytoplasm and nucleus have their own distinct functional roles; however, they work together in concert to maintain the cell’s viability.
Tissues
Tissues are formed of cells with similar morphology, function and an extracellular matrix. Examples of tissues include cartilage, bone, and muscles. The extracellular matrix is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by the cells that impart great structural and biochemical support for the tissue cells. It provides mechanical support, transports nutrients and carries away catabolites and secretory products.
Organs are groups of tissues that act together to perform specific functions. Tissues and organs can comprise integrated functional systems that form major anatomical entities - e.g. the gastrointestinal tract. Within tissues, cells interact with each other in various ways during embryological development, growth maintenance, and response to injury.
They also control tissue and organ function, and the maintenance of their overall structural and metabolic integrity. Intercellular junctions serve as channels for information exchange between cells in the form of electrical excitation or chemical messengers. Inside the tissue, cellular functions are integrated by a variety of local chemical mediators or by direct contact between the cells. | https://www.kenhub.com/en/start/c/introduction-to-cells-and-tissues |
The Gender Equality European and International Standard (GEEIS) intended to promote gender equality in the workplace was bestowed upon Safran in January 2018 for Germany, the United Kingdom, France and Poland. In this article, we share highlights from the full Women in the Workplace 2019 report, diving deep on the parts across pipeline and employee experience that will be most critical for companies to drive change in the next five years. Despite gains in the workplace over recent decades, women continue to receive lower pay, experience lower workforce participation, and may miss career advancement opportunities due to motherhood. A decisive step forwards in the implementation of common standards at Group level. De très nombreux exemples de phrases traduites contenant "workplace gender equality" – Dictionnaire français-anglais et moteur de recherche de traductions françaises. But within the home, gender equality is not on pace with workforce equality. GENDER EQUALITY IN MODERN WORKPLACE 9 10. Gender diversity benefits not only women by improving their spending power and living standards, but it also has a huge impact on an organization's productivity and success. Gender inequality in the workplace might include hiring or training only one gender for a particular role (perhaps because it’s seen as ‘men’s work’ or ‘women’s work’). Undoubtedly, we have made progress—this I have witnessed first-hand over the course of more than two and a half decades in the workforce. The Benefits of Gender Equality in the Workplace. In 2018 the Government commissioned a series of academic evidence reviews on family friendly policies and women’s progression as part of the Workplace and Gender Equality Research Programme. Gender Inequality and Women in the US Labor Force Gender pay gaps persist around the world, including in the United States. Women are paid 79 cents on the dollar of their male colleagues, and it’s even worse for women of color.
The Workplace Gender Equality Agency is an Australian Government statutory agency charged with promoting and improving gender equality in Australian workplaces in accordance with the Workplace Gender Equality Act 2012. Woman end up doing a … We research and rank over 3,500 public companies around the world using a unique and comprehensive Gender Equality Scorecard™ with 19 criteria, including the gender balance of the workforce, senior management and board of directors, as well as the pay gap, parental leave, and … Japanese women are getting more education and want to have a career. What will it take to reach gender equality in the workplace? Australia, along with many countries worldwide, has made significant progress towards gender equality in recent decades, particularly in education, health and female workforce participation.
The path toward gender equality in the workplace has been long and arduous. Workplace gender equality is achieved when people are able to access and enjoy the same rewards, resources and opportunities regardless of gender. RAND's research has examined the challenges and discrimination women face in many settings, including the military, the health care sector, and emergency services, as well as the impact … IN YOUR RESEARCH ON JAPAN, YOU DESCRIBE A “DEMOGRAPHIC TIME BOMB.” WHAT IS THIS? How to create gender equality in the workplace Legal changes aside, companies can focus on cultural and organizational changes to reduce gender inequality. How Workplace Gender Equality Contributes to Development. The #EachforEqual theme recognizes that gender equality is essential for thriving communities and businesses. Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. 1. Equileap is the leading organisation providing data and insights on gender equality in the corporate sector. These are some advantages of gender diversity in the workplace… Interestingly though, whereas gender discrimination disproportionately affects women, it turns out that both men and women benefit when gender equality is practiced in the workplace. GENDER EQUALITY IN MODERN WORKPLACE 10 11. It … Women comprise 47% of the workforce, but only 4.8% of S&P 500 companies have female CEOs. Most organizations recognize the benefits of having a gender diverse workplace in the modern economy—equal hiring practices lead to higher … But I also recognize that our journey is far from over, and there is much work yet to be done. Female employees may also worry about treatment during pregnancy or motherhood, or being sexually harassed. Despite progress at senior levels, gender parity remains out of reach. Promoting gender equality at work.
Equileap is the leading organisation providing data and insights on gender equality in the corporate sector. Increased gender equality—both in the workplace and at home—is an important part of the solution to declining birth rates.
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Creating conversations with the audience and growing the narration to form the next chapter in the story telling process is very important. The story has to be told in pictures, videos, and messages. Ourbit aims at adding our bit of magic toour brand partners’ stories to bridge the gap between real life people and their digital conversations.
Using online social media and reputation tools & techniques, we tell the brand stories and keep a watch on the conversations being generated from them. We also assist organizations to customize their social media channels as business tools helping them in their human resource efforts, customer relationship management endeavors and brand positioning activities. | https://www.ideosphereconsulting.com/ourbit-1 |
Q:
Solving a quartic polynomial without using the cube root operator
I have been learning Galois theory and was curious about this question. Given a quartic polynomial, when can we write down the roots of it without using any cube roots? Does some condition on the coefficients of the polynomial or the Galois group of the polynomial imply this condition?
Thanks!
A:
Let $f \in K[X]$ be your quartic polynomial, with splitting field $L$. Your condition forces $L$ to arise from $K$ by successive quadratic extensions and therefore $\mathrm{Gal}(L/K)$ is a $2$-group. Conversely, as long as $\mathrm{char}(K) \ne 2,$ such a Galois group implies that $f$ can be solved by quadratic radicals.
Assuming $f$ is irreducible, this limits the possible Galois groups to $D_8$, $V_4 = \mathbb{Z}/2 \times \mathbb{Z}/2$ or $\mathbb{Z}/4$. Writing $$f(X) = X^4 + aX^3 + bX^2 + cX + d,$$ you are in one of those three cases if and only if the resolvent cubic $$R_f(X) = X^3 - bX^2 + (ac - 4d) X - (a^2 d - 4bd + c^2)$$ is reducible. So in this sense you can read it off the coefficients.
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Microalgae are an important component of the aquatic environment (Elser et al., 2007), and are key players in primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles (Sarthou et al., 2005). They are rich in nutrients and organic compounds, and hence are used as aquaculture feeds, health supplements and alternative energy sources (Becker, 2007). Moreover, microalgae are a diverse assemblage of both autotrophs and heterotrophs, have substantial biomass, and are abundant in the marine ecosystem (Shi et al., 2011). They are especially useful as bioindicators of environmental changes, for both short and long-term environmental monitoring as well as ecotoxicology assessments (Franklin et al., 2002). Owing to the involvement of microalgae in the global cycling of toxic chemicals in the aquatic environment, monitoring the effects of chemicals, such as metals and endocrine disruptors, on microalgae is of considerable importance (Torres et al., 2008).
Algae-based bioassays are commonly employed in environmental risk assessments to assess the toxicity of metals, novel chemicals and other emerging contaminants and to establish regulatory guidelines (Stauber and Davies, 2000). Algal toxicity tests routinely use freshwater green algae (
In the present study, we quantified the sub-lethal effects of metals and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the marine green alga
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Test species and culture conditions
In this study, three metals (Cu, Ni, and Pb) and three EDCs (BPA, ES, and PCB) were selected as test toxicants. The concentrations of each were chosen based on EC50 values reported for other aquatic organisms (Millan de Kuhn et al., 2006; Soto-Jimenez et al., 2011). Accordingly, a range of concentrations of each chemical was prepared, as described below.
For Cu (as CuSO4; Cat. No. C1297, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), the concentrations used were 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 25, 75, 150, 500, and 750 mg/L. For Pb (as PbCl2; Cat. No. 268690, Sigma), the chosen concentrations were 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, 250, 500 and 750 mg/L. For Ni (as NiCl2; Cat. No. 339350, Sigma), the concentrations used were 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/L. All test concentrations were higher than that added to the f/2 medium. For example, amongst the four test metals, only 0.0068 mg/L CuSO4 was added to the f/2 medium, and thus the medium-containing metals or EDCs contained negligible endpoint concentrations.
For BPA (Cat. No. A133027, Sigma), concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 7.5, 15, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L were prepared from a stock solution. BPA was dissolved in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. For ES (Cat. No. 36676, Sigma), the concentrations used were 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 10 mg/L. PCBs were prepared from Aroclor 1016 (Cat. No. 48701, Sigma) at 0.001, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 20, and 50 mg/L. All dilutions were from standard stock solutions.
Fifty-milliliter aliquots of the algal culture, comprising cells in the exponential phase of growth, were transferred into sterile tubes. The chemicals, at the concentrations mentioned above, were transferred into test tubes in duplicate. The initial cell concentration was 5.5 ± 0.1 × 105/mL. and samples were withdrawn for cell counts and chlorophyll
Cells were enumerated using a hemocytometer (Marienfeld GmbH, Lauda, Germany). Cell counts were plotted against exposed time as log10 values. In addition, Chl
The median effective concentration (EC50) and the percentile growth inhibition were calculated as recommended in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines (OECD, 2011). The 72-h EC50 values were estimated using a sigmoidal dose-response curve plotted in Origin 8.5 (MicroCal Software Inc., Northampton, MA, USA) based on the sigmoidal four parameter equation (Teisseyre and Mozrzymas, 2006): Log EC50 =
All data presented are the mean values of duplicate determinations. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Student’s Newmann Keul’s test in Graphpad InStat (Graphpad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA) was used for comparisons between non-treated and treated cultures.
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Toxicity of metals to Tetraselmis suecica
Exposure of
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Toxicity of EDCs to Tetraselmis suecica
Additional toxicity tests for the three EDCs (BPA, ES, and PCB) were performed over a wide range of concentrations (Fig. 2). BPA was administered at concentrations of 0.5-100 mg/L.
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Dose-response curves and 72-h EC50 values
Table 1 shows the Pearson’s correlations between cell count and Chl
Toxicity assessments using marine species can be challenging compared with assessments using freshwater species. This is because the marine environment can have a more profound influence on toxicity evaluation than freshwater ecosystems. In addition, the higher ionic strength and buffering capacity of seawater can alter the bioavailability of discharged chemicals due to complex chemical reactions and the subsequent formation of by-products (Moffett and Zika, 1987). As noted previously, relatively few species can be described as “standard” for marine algae, although several guidelines have been published and some marine species have been recommended as model species (Nalewajko and Olaveson, 1998; Sverdrup et al., 2001). In this study, we present additional toxicity data for various metals and EDCs to the marine green alga
Discharge guidelines for metals in the marine environment are as follows: Cu, 0.5 mg/L; Pb and Ni, 0.1 mg/L (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1996). Individual discharges of Cu, Pb, or Ni confined to the stipulated levels should have very little, if any, effects on cell counts or Chl
[Table 1.] Pearson’s correlation between cell count and Chl a level in Tetraselmis suecica cells following exposure to toxic chemicals
Pearson’s correlation between cell count and Chl a level in Tetraselmis suecica cells following exposure to toxic chemicals
[Table 2.] 72-h EC50 values of chemicals exposed to Tetraselmis suecica
72-h EC50 values of chemicals exposed to Tetraselmis suecica
the 72-h EC50 value for Cu was 0.016 mg/L in
In addition, comparisons of available EC50 data revealed that our test species was generally more tolerant than other freshwater algae, including
To date, the available data regarding the toxicity of EDCs to algae is limited compared to metals. One reason for this is that algae do not have an endocrine system, and thus may show limited effects of exposure to EDCs. However, recent studies have shown that most EDCs, such as BPA, ES, PCB or metolachlor, do have toxic effects on algae (Liu et al., 2010; Ebenezer and Ki, 2012), in particular by damaging photo system II energy fluxes in chloroplasts (Perron and Juneau, 2011). In contrast, the data from this study indicated that
In conclusion, | https://oak.go.kr/central/journallist/journaldetail.do?article_seq=12505 |
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
This invention relates generally to an imaging system for use in a vehicle for detecting the presence of nearby cars that present nystagmus related-behavior, and, more particularly, to an imaging system for use in a vehicle that analyzes human eyes of nearby drivers, and uses information gathered for vehicle safety purposes.
Traffic-related fatalities are one of the leading causes of death in many countries throughout the world. Many traffic accidents are due to temporary physical incapacitation of the driver. Such physical incapacitation may be, for example, due to the influence of drugs and/or alcohol, the effects of under sleeping, and/or the use of hand-held devices. While harsher punishments may discourage some people from partaking in volatile driving practices, they may not serve as a sufficient deterrent for all people. Oftentimes it is the other driver, who was practicing safe driving, who is injured or killed in accidents due to drunk driving or the like. Thus, the law-abiding citizen may feel powerless against the risk of encountering a nearby driver whose capacity to drive is in some way hindered.
Thus, many systems and devices exist for increasing driver safety. The most obvious of these are airbags and seatbelts. However, recent innovations have been introduced which monitor and/or regulate an under-slept or incapacitated driver's behavior. One example of such innovations is an in-car breathalyzer device which prevents the car from starting unless and until the driver blows and registers legal blood-alcohol content into the device. However, many ways exist to bypass this requirement, such as having another person blow into the device. Moreover, such devices are mainly only imposed upon people with prior driving-while-intoxicated convictions.
Another recent innovation has been devices and systems which monitor a user's eye activity. Such devices warn a driver with a vibration of the seat or steering wheel if they detect the driver to be nodding off while at the wheel. While such innovations are welcome, they do not serve to protect a driver from other nearby cars. No devices or systems exist which warn other drivers and/or police about a possibly incapacitated nearby driver. Such an innovation would be extremely useful because it would be the first to protect a driver from other drivers, as opposed to protecting a driver from himself/herself.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a device, system and method for warning other drivers about a possible incapacitated state of a driver a vehicle.
According to embodiments of the invention, a device, a system, and a method are provided for monitoring the eye behavior of drivers of oncoming cars. A camera mounted to a car mirror may monitor the eyes of oncoming drivers. An eye recognition analyzer may recognize nystagmus symptoms exhibited by the oncoming drivers. A machine may recognize the license plate information of the oncoming cars. The license plate numbers, as well as other identifying features of the oncoming cars, may be displayed on a head-up display of a car. A driver of the car may be otherwise notified by an alarm and/or warning about the possibility of a dangerous, oncoming car. An emitter located on the car may emit signals to other nearby networked cars in order to warn their drivers about the dangerous oncoming car. Information regarding the dangerous oncoming car may be displayed on the head-up displays of the other nearby networked cars.
In an embodiment of the disclosed invention, a car mirror which monitors nystagmus related-behavior to avoid a head-on collision is provided. The system's components may include: a car mirror, a camera placed on the car mirror, an eye recognition analyzer, a machine for recognizing license plate numbers, and a head-up display. The car mirror and associated camera may be placed on a driver side of a first car operated by a first driver. The camera is operable to film the eyes of an oncoming, second driver of a second car.
The eye recognition analyzer recognizes nystagmus symptoms of the second car driver. The eye recognition analyzer detects if any involuntary rhythmic shaking or wobbling of the eyes is found to exceed a pre-determined threshold value. The recognition may be carried out via software. The machine may recognize license plate numbers of the oncoming cars if those cars are determined to be dangerous. That is, the license plate numbers will be gathered only on cars whose drivers exhibit nystagmus symptoms. The head-up display warns the first driver about the possible dangerous propensity of the oncoming car.
The eye recognition analyzer may analyze both video and still images taken from the camera. The video and/or images may be analyzed for a specific eye movement which exceeds the pre-determined threshold criteria. The first driver may be notified of the second car by way of the license number of the second car, or by way of visual identification of the second car on the head-up display. If the second car is not in the periphery of the head-up display, the location of the second car may be identified to the driver.
In further embodiments of the car mirror, an emitter may be provided for sending warning signals to alert other nearby networked cars about the potentially dangerous oncoming car. The warning signals may have the license plate number of the second car be displayed on the head-up displays of the other nearby networked cars. In still further embodiments of the car mirror, an alarm device may be provided for alarming/notifying the first driver if/when an oncoming car crosses the center-line on the road.
In another embodiment of the disclosed invention, a method of identifying oncoming dangerous cars is provided. The method employs the following steps. The first step is directed providing a camera mounted to a first car driven by a first driver. The second step involves filming, with the camera, video of eyes of a second driver of an oncoming second car. The third step is directed to analyzing, using software, the video to determine if the eyes of the second driver exhibit nystagmus symptoms. Then, the first driver is notified if the second driver is determined to exhibit nystagmus symptoms. The step of notifying the first driver may be carried out via a head-up display on the windshield of the first car. The second car may be visually identified on the head-up display. Alternatively, the location of the second car may be identified on a display in the first car, such as, for example, an LCD screen.
In further embodiments of this method, an additional step may be provided of recognizing, with the camera, a license plate number of the second car. This step may further involve transmitting the license plate number to other nearby networked cars. In still a further embodiment, the software may analyze the video by detecting whether the eyes of the second driver exhibit involuntary rhythmic shaking or wobbling exceeding a pre-determined threshold value.
In yet another embodiment of the disclosed invention, a system for monitoring eye behavior of oncoming drivers is provided. The system may have a camera mounted on a car mirror placed on a driver side of a first car operated by a first driver. The camera is operable is film video of a second car driver of a second car coming in an opposite direction on a road. The system may also have an eye recognition analyzer for recognizing nystagmus symptoms of the second car driver. The eye recognition analyzer may operate by comparing images from the video to detect if any involuntary rhythmic shaking or wobbling of the eyes is found to exceed a pre-determined threshold value.
The system may have a machine that recognizes a license plate number of the second car using the camera when nystagmus symptoms are found by the analyzer. A head-up display may be provided in the first car for warning the first driver about the second car. The system may also have a receiver placed in the first car for receiving information from other networked cars about other dangerous cars. An emitter may send warning signals to alert the other networked cars. The warning signals may include the license plate number of the second car being displayed on head-up displays of the other networked cars. Finally, in the event that the second car has crossed the center-line, an alarm device is provided for alarming the first driver to be on alert.
It is, therefore, an objective of the disclosed invention to provide a device, a system and/or a method for identifying potentially hazardous cars by monitoring eye-activity of oncoming drivers.
In accordance with these and other objects which will become apparent hereinafter, the invention will now be described with particular reference to the drawings.
Referring now to the figures, a device, a system, and a method are provided for monitoring the eye behavior of drivers of oncoming cars. A camera mounted to a car mirror may monitor the eyes of oncoming drivers. An eye recognition analyzer may recognize nystagmus symptoms exhibited by the oncoming drivers. A machine may recognize the license plate information of the oncoming cars. The license plate numbers, as well as other identifying features of the oncoming cars, may be displayed on a head-up display of a car. A driver of the car may be otherwise notified by an alarm and/or warning about the possibility of a dangerous, oncoming car. An emitter located on the car may emit signals to other nearby networked cars in order to warn their drivers about the dangerous oncoming car. Information regarding the dangerous oncoming car may be displayed on the head-up displays of the other nearby networked cars.
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Referring now to , an overhead diagram is shown of a monitoring system for drivers of oncoming cars according to an embodiment of the present invention. A first car is shown driving in a first direction along a road . A second car (hereinafter referred to as “the second car” or “the oncoming car”) is shown driving on the road in a second direction , the second direction being opposite to the first direction . A center-line divides the road . A camera is mounted to a driver side car mirror of the first car . The camera has a line-of-sight which projects onto cars traveling in the opposite direction on the road . In , the line-of-sight of the camera is projected into a windshield onto a driver (not shown) of the second car . Additionally, the camera may be projected onto a license plate of the second car .
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The camera may monitor the eyes of oncoming drivers. An eye recognition analyzer (not shown) may recognize nystagmus symptoms exhibited by the oncoming drivers. The eye recognition analyzer may be stored in the form of software, and may operate via processor. A machine (not shown) may read information on the license plate of the second car .
FIG. 2
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Referring now to , an interior of the first car is shown. The first car is driven by a first driver . The first car may further have a head-up display (“HUD”) . The license plate numbers, as well as other identifying features of the oncoming second car , may be displayed on a head-up display of the first car . The driver of the car may be otherwise notified by an alarm and/or warning about the possibility of the dangerous, oncoming car . An emitter (not shown) located on the car may emit signals to other nearby networked cars in order to warn their drivers about the dangerous oncoming car as well. Information regarding the dangerous oncoming car may be displayed on the head-up displays of the other nearby networked cars. The information displayed may include the number of the license plate of the second car .
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In an embodiment of the disclosed invention, the car mirror and associated camera which monitors nystagmus related-behavior to avoid a head-on collision is provided. The system's components may include: the car mirror , a camera placed on the car mirror , an eye recognition analyzer, a machine for recognizing license plate numbers, and a head-up display . The car mirror and associated camera may be placed on a driver side of a first car operated by a first driver . The camera is operable to film the eyes of the second driver of the second car .
The eye recognition analyzer may recognize nystagmus symptoms of the second car driver. Nystagmus is a condition of voluntary or involuntary eye movement. Nystagmus may be caused by drugs, alcohol, central nervous system disorders, drowsiness, vertigo and/or numerous other incapacitating conditions. Symptoms of nystagmus may be exhibited by twitching, shaking, wobbling, or rhythmic moving of the eyes. When symptoms of nystagmus are present in a person, it may signify the presence of a physical condition which could severely inhibit that person's ability to handle simple tasks, such as driving. Thus, the appearance of nystagmus symptoms in a driver could be an indication that the driver's capacity to operate the car may be diminished. The ability to recognize nystagmus symptoms in other drivers should put a driver on alert to the possibility of the dangerous propensities of those other drivers.
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The eye recognition analyzer detects if any involuntary rhythmic shaking or wobbling of the eyes is found to exceed a pre-determined threshold value. The recognition may be carried out via software. The analyzer may determine, for example, if a driver blinks or twitches his or her eye a certain number of times over a certain time interval. The machine may recognize license plate numbers of the oncoming cars if those cars are determined to be dangerous. That is, the license plate numbers will be gathered only on cars whose drivers exhibit nystagmus symptoms. The reading of license plate numbers may also be carried out by the camera . The head-up display may warn the first driver about the possible dangerous propensity of the oncoming car .
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The eye recognition analyzer may analyze both video and still images taken from the camera . The video and/or images may be analyzed for a specific eye movement which exceeds the pre-determined threshold criteria. The first driver may be notified of the dangerous propensity of the second car by way of the license number of the second car or by way of visual identification of the second car on the head-up display . If the second car is in the periphery of the head-up display , the second car may be highlighted or otherwise identified such that the physical proximity and/or location of the second car is made apparent via the head-up display . If the second car is not in the periphery of the head-up display , the location of the second car may be identified to the driver . For example, if the second car is behind an obstruction, the head-up display may alert the driver as to the approximate direction of the second car .
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In further embodiments of the car mirror , an emitter may be provided for sending warning signals to alert other nearby networked cars about the potentially dangerous oncoming car . The warning signals may have the license plate number of the second car be displayed on the head-up displays of the other nearby networked cars. In still further embodiments of the car mirror , an alarm device may be provided for alarming/notifying the first driver if/when an oncoming car crosses the center-line on the road .
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In another embodiment of the disclosed invention, a method of identifying oncoming dangerous cars is provided. The method employs the following steps. The first step is directed providing a camera mounted to a first car driven by a first driver . The second step involves filming, with the camera , video of eyes of a second driver of an oncoming second car . The third step is directed to analyzing, using software, the video to determine if the eyes of the second driver exhibit nystagmus symptoms. Then, the first driver is notified if the second driver is determined to exhibit nystagmus symptoms. The step of notifying the first driver may be carried out via a head-up display on the windshield of the first car. The second car may be visually identified on the head-up display . Alternatively, the location of the second car may be identified on a display (not shown) in the first car , such as, for example, an LCD screen.
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In further embodiments of this method, an additional step may be provided of recognizing, with the camera , a license plate number of a license plate of the second car . This step may further involve transmitting the license plate number to other nearby networked cars. In still a further embodiment, the software may analyze the video by detecting whether the eyes of the second driver exhibit involuntary rhythmic shaking or wobbling exceeding a pre-determined threshold value.
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In yet another embodiment of the disclosed invention, a system for monitoring eye behavior of oncoming drivers is provided. The system may have a camera mounted on a car mirror placed on a driver side of a first car operated by a first driver . The camera is operable is film video of a second car driver of a second car traveling in an opposite direction on a road . The system may also have an eye recognition analyzer for recognizing nystagmus symptoms of the second car driver. The eye recognition analyzer may operate by comparing images from the video to detect if any involuntary rhythmic shaking or wobbling of the eyes is found to exceed a pre-determined threshold value.
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The system may have a machine that recognizes a license plate number of the second car using the camera when nystagmus symptoms are found by the analyzer. A head-up display may be provided in the first car for warning the first driver about the second car . The system may also have a receiver placed in the first car for receiving information from other networked cars about other dangerous cars. An emitter may send warning signals to alert the other networked cars. The warning signals may include the license plate number of the second car being displayed on head-up displays of the other networked cars. Finally, in the event that the second car has crossed the center-line , an alarm device is provided for alarming the first driver to be on alert.
While the disclosed invention has been taught with specific reference to the above embodiments, a person having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. Combinations of any of the methods, systems, and devices described hereinabove are also contemplated and within the scope of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is an overhead diagram of the monitoring system for drivers of oncoming cars according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2
is a perspective in-car view of a head-up display according to an embodiment of the present invention. | |
This article, Lucas Sonne, is the sole property of Phantom and cannot be used, edited, or referenced without his permission, with the exception of collaboration articles, whereas terms listed above are unserviceable.
"Brother, we have always looked out for each other, even after father passed away. When you left, I felt like no one was there to guide me, I was lost to the world, until mom told me to move forward on my path, giving me this gear as her permission to go out into the world. I never thought we would meet like this, but I really am glad we did."
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This page, Lucas Sonne, is currently under construction. Please bear with the changes made by the author.
- "Truth and Kindness are one's greatest weapon"
- — Beastking
|Lucas Sonne|
|Kanji||
|
ルーカス・ゾンネ
|Rōmaji||
|
Zon'ne Rūkasu
|Alias||
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Blitz Helios (ブリッツヘリオス, Burittsu Heriosu)
|Race||
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Human
|Gender|
|Age||
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33
|Height||
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179 cm
|Weight||
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160
|Eye Color||
|
Green
|Hair Color||
|
Red
|Blood Type||
|
A
|Affiliation||
|
Himself
|Occupation||
|
Wandering Mage
|Partner|
|Status||
|
Alive
|Marital Status||
|
Single
|Relatives||
|
Theo Schwarzem (Older Brother)
|Magic||
|
Shatterpoint
|Image Gallery|
Lucas Sonne (ルーカス・ゾンネ, Zon'ne Rūkasu) Is a Wandering Mage that travels around to the different regions of the Earthland and beyond in order to take on new tasks that he finds in any town he visits to help out anyway he can. Originally it was him living with his mother and older brother, Theo Schwarzem, after his father passed away from an illness that was given to him by the Dark Mages that he was hunting. During his time traveling around the world, Lucas began showing his true talents as a mage, similar to how his brother began building his reputation, but was more focused on helping those around him, and if need be defeating the enemies who have made the connection that both he and the Umbra Death(本影死, Honkageshi) but never killing them as he sees that it will not bring peace to anyone in the world. Over the time he spent training and building up his reputation, many began to fear him, recognizing that even if he wasn't his brother, Lucas was not a man to be reckoned with, which eventually helped many in labeling him as the Blitz Helios(ブリッツヘリオス, Burittsu Heriosu), the being who's devastating power and incredible strength was as fast as a bolt of lightning with the force that could rival that of the burning sun itself. He had encountered and reunited with his older brother after being captured by a warrior that caught him off-guard and took him to a special prison that had multiple other mages: both normal and dark as they were being kept prisoners. It was also there he was rescued by his older brother and helped break out a woman named Dina Weiss who was being held prisoners, and who left with his brother to follow him on his mission. After some time, Lucas eventually met up with two individuals: Don Alexander and Rosie Selina, whom he helped during a crisis, and asked to follow him as thanks for saving their lives.
Lucas Sonne is the new main character of Beastking and is one of the male protagonist in the upcoming new storyline Fairy Tail: Fallen
AppearanceLucas is a very youthful-looking man, similar to his older brother, Theo. He seems to be more masculine in appearance when compared to his brother, sometimes making people mistake him as the eldest of the two. He often has a smile on his face, making people easier to talk with him, especially when compared to his brother. Lucas has a very muscular body, shown as his clothing have been shown to display that quite well. He possess a noticeable six-pack, which shows the fruits of his training. He also has a light skin complexion, which he has gained from one of his parents, which one however is yet to be determined. Lucas is also very average in height as he is 179 centimeters. This over all makes him 5 feet and 11 inches, barely meeting the margin. His hair is a bright red color, not to be confused with pink, and is very messy, being spiked back. He used to have his hair in a more well kept style, more smooth and even had it in a ponytail. His eyes are small on size and oval shaped while are colored a brilliant dark green. He has also been shown to have a very deep scar riding down his back, how he got it though has not been told as Lucas keeps it to himself, not sharing it with even his own brother.
When it comes to his clothing, Lucas seems wear more of a Chinese-influenced clothing. His clothes are generally consist of lighter colors with some darker colors in the mix. Lucas' previous attire consisted of a white skin-tight shirt that has the sleeves a green-blue color. There is also a black line that is across the shirt. Lucas also appears to where a pair of dark brown gloves and baggy red pants that are held up by a black gi-belt. He finishes this outfit with a pair of dark gray and black shoes. Lucas later updates his outfit, which is somewhat similar to his original outfit. The noticeable difference is the fact that is pants are now an ashen-black color and his shirt is now completely a green-blue color. He seems to prefer this outfit as it allows him to move quicker without losing any mobility due to his clothing.
Personality
When he was a little boy, Lucas often showed himself to be the timid, especially to his father due to the fact he was slowly growing weaker over the years, due to the dreaded disease that was over coming him. It also showed whenever he would be approached by friends to the family, or even some friends of his own brother, which had him ducking away or behind his parents in an attempt to hide himself from them like a scared bird. He also showed to be a very quiet boy at times, even when he wanted something, he would be too nervous to ask for it, and often never express himself better for a kid his age. Lucas often attempted to talk with his father, but always felt too shy and sad to ever try and say anything to him. However, the only person who actually managed to often at times get him was his older brother, Theo Schwarzem, who he saw as not only his big brother, but his best friend as well. Even when Theo would be serious, Lucas felt that he would always drop his guard and be the prankster for him, often finding ways to bring someway of sunshine into his life. Even when he and Theo began their training together, Lucas felt more confident in his capabilities every time his brother would give him some form of encouragement, whether it was him taking weak hits and faking, or him even showing Lucas what he was doing wrong, and correcting him after their lesson was officially over. Though after the death of his father, Lucas began to become more kind towards those he met at times, often wanting to show more his true side to anyone, instead of trying to hide it in due to the guilt of never really getting to know his own father because of his tendency to be more timid. Despite his older brother now becoming more of a father figure in his life, Lucas often always went on to tease him and show Theo that he loved and cared for him greatly, no matter how he would decide to show himself.
However, an event that happened during his teenage years would be the changing factor that would put Lucas on the path to traveling around the regions in search of helping others, like his brother. After discovering their fathers hidden room filled with his past life, Theo decided to continue on his work, leaving behind both Lucas and their mother in order to begin his task of attempting to change the world, telling Lucas to be strong and to become the man that he was, the person who would stay to make sure their mother would be safe. This change in structure turned the once timid young child into that of a responsible person who worked hard to make sure his own mother would be safe and sound. From the change, he stopped becoming so afraid of his own shadow, taking more initiative and confidence in himself as he started doing more open tasks that often needed him to go more into the view of the public, something that originally terrified him greatly as he also was able to become more outspoken to the people that he used to be afraid of when he was younger. It was also seen that this new attitude also helped him to push his drive to become stronger, often being the secret to how he improves is keeping what his father and brother told him to heart, making it the inspiration for how he gained the determination to master what he learned and make it his own. Eventually this turned into his possible greatest asset as after finding out that the same sickness that infected his father also infected his mother, who gave him new clothes and told him to find his own path in life, and to try to find his brother to show him that true strength didn't need to come by defeating the strongest, but by building good relations with those one cares deeply about. That last saying became the true divider between both Theo and Lucas's personality division: one brother who saw that death was the only way to bring peace into the world, while the second brother who believes that peace can be achieved through understanding and truth.
Synopsis
History
Equipment
- Hyperion(ハイペリオン, Haiperion):is a unique weapon that Lucas has within his possession. This weapon takes the appearance of a pair of gauntlets, that are silver and go up all the way to his forearms. The gauntlets are made of superior metals, making it incredibly durable as well as allowing Lucas to focus his magic into them, amplifying the power behind his martial art techniques. Often at times, Lucas keeps these under his tight-skin shirt, as the metal has the ability to hide itself, creating an illusion that it is still part of the fabric itself, and can often confuse an opponent when they attempt to try and cut his arm off. Originally when Lucas began his travels through the different regions of the world, he originally found a special rock that showed to be able to withstand incredible force if ever attacked or stabbed, the material would act more like a cushion to soften the blow of any attack or spell that would shoot at it. After finding a skilled blacksmith and paying for the work, Lucas was given two gauntlets that he was able to hide under his shirt, which in term allowed him to be able to deal out much more powerful body shots and even shown to cushion any form of attack that might be aimed at him by using his arms as shields whenever he is in a fight.
Magic & Abilities
Natural Abilities
Way of CombatMaster Martial Artist: Unlike Theo, who often depends more on his sword to use more as his personal
- Erupting Elbow(爆肘, Bakuhiji): Is a unique fighting move that Lucas developed over time when he learned different varieties of fighting style over the course of his travels, taking them into consideration some of the more unexpected attacks, and using them as inspiration to create a move that some would never expect in battle. It begins by the user creating a solid second layer of Eternano armor around their entire arm, hardening it to make it much more durable than iron itself and twice as solid. However, the secret to this technique doesn't lie within the arm, but within the elbow, as the user concentrates the Eternano around the elbow, focusing it as it creates what show to be a mini-Eternano bomb, which is very powerful the more the user condenses energy into it. Due to this unique ability, when Lucas slams his fist into any form of object, both living and not, the impact from the blast is focused into one powerful point, dealing an incredible blast of energy said to be able to pierce through anything that it hits, and break it out from the inside out. However, despite the incredible piercing strength and powerful blast of energy that Lucas uses with this technique, there is some drawbacks to this move as when in use, the force used causes feedback to the user's arm, dealing damage to it and causing nerve pain towards the opponent.
- Slamming Halo(非難円光, Hinan Enkō): is a defensive technique that Lucas developed by looking at the different forms of spinning, instinctively deciding which one would be more suited to his own body, and from there developed a move that acts as a counter shield to most magic-based energy spells. To begin, the user starts by channeling Eternano throughout their own body, concentrating it until it goes beyond the range of their own physical form. When that happens, the user starts to manipulate it with their mind, solidifying it as it creates what appears to be a spinning wall of energy surrounding the user, causing a defensive barrier to emerge as it spins fast around the user like it was a halo of an angel protecting them. However, it is shown that the user is also able to be used in an offensive manner as the user concentrates it into any single part of their body, which adds a centrifugal force to their arm so when they punch or kick, it adds a more powerful impact that can actually send the opponent flying into a wall, spinning while they do so. While the technique is shown to be very useful, the major weakness to it is that in order for it to be used, the focus and concentration to allow for a solid barrier of sorts with Eternano is very advance, often needing those who have complete control over their Eternano energy inside of them.
- Degenerating Palm-Thrust(堕平突き, Dahiratsuki): Is one of the fighting moves both he and his brother learned from their father before his passing, and has improved on the technique since. To begin this technique, the user must first allow the Eternano to be able to flow freely, rising their energies up through concentration as they then focus the flow directly into their forearms, concentrating them in the middle of their palms before they expand it throughout their whole hand. Once the energy is equally balanced, the user then condenses as much as they can, focusing it as it is packed tightly within the middle of their palm, and when ready and the user does a fast palm-thrust, the end result is a powerful Eternano explosion that acts as a form of ripple throughout the opponent's body, making them feel the impact as if it were a multiple hitting attacks, weakling them from the inside out until the ripples settle down. A second and more improved version is where the user condenses both mini-explosions into their palms, which can not only double the ripples throughout the opponent's body, but can also be used to hit two people at the same time into two different opponents if they need to. While the original is a very multiple use technique, the risk to it deals with how much time it would take for the user to harness it, due to the condensing taking much longer than it would an average one, and leaving the opponent to allow for a counter attack or even the chance to run away. It has also been seen that the ripple lasting depends on how much Eternano is condensed, meaning that if one would want to make the state of paralysis last longer, they would need to concentrate more energy into the condensing.
- Nova Smash (ノバ·スマッシュ, Noba Sumasshu): Is one of two hidden techniques taught to both Lucas and his older brother Theo when they were younger, training them hard for the day they would use it. Like it's other half, Nova Smash has the ability to be able to produce a powerful energy of both physical and magical, but unlike Star Smash, Nova Smash often produces an energy said to be as black as night. By concentrating his own energy along with his magic energy inside of him, Lucas is able to produce a black energy that has been shown to be an energy with characteristics with that of a bladed energy, allowing him to cut anyone as if he is wielding a blade himself, and can often slash multiple times even without actually touching the opponent as the darkness reacts to the opponents Eternano energy. The true ability of Nova Smash is found when the user begins to spiral the energy around themselves, adding more to Lucas's physical attributes as each punch that he sends out act as if he is swing multiple sword strikes as the opponent feels multiple blades attacking his body when the punch connects or one very powerful sword strike when he performs kicks. It has been shown that when the user surrounds themselves in a spiral-like aura that grants them the ability of flight, the user appears to take on the form of a shooting star, only with darkness as he user can fly around the area when the cloak and aura are in place. When the user charges towards an opponent, ramming them with the same technique as the other move, the attack explodes right on contact, sending out multiple slashing darkness blades towards the opponent, shredding them apart until the energy subsides. While the technique is considered to be quite powerful, the drawbacks can also be very risky as once used, the user would be unable to draw out any magic that they have inside of them, making them rely on their own natural abilities until the technique is cancelled or finished. When in it's shooting star state, it has been shown that if another object is moving at the same speeds and with the same force as this technique and collides with the Nova Smash, the impact from both opposing and equal forces will cause them both cancel out as the impact that would've hit the opponent backlashes and hits Lucas at full force. The last and possibly greatest weakness is that this move is like a double edge sword: although it grants the user multiple uses and incredible strength, once the impact is delivered, the user themselves take damage equal to the damage that they delivered to the opponent with equal force they themselves inflicted, and if used too many times, would most likely cause the user to pass out from the strain that is placed on their bodies.
- Quasar Smash(クエーサースマッシュ, Kuēsā Sumasshu): Is the final technique passed down from the father of both Theo and Lucas, who said Only the true bonds of trust and respect will give birth to a new light and taught them both the initial keys to unlocking this powerful technique. One half of each technique is required to activates the hidden art, each of which is inside one of the brothers. To begin said technique, it is said that both users of the smashes must first enter their flight mode, allowing their energies to match in perfect synchronization as the energies slowly begin to merge with one another as the energy slowly begins to surround not only one user, but both of them at the same time, creating a new grey-like energy to appear as both users begin to show signs of symbols all over their body to show the complete union of both moves. Once fully charged and in sync with each other, the next step has them in their flight form, allowing them to move at double the speed they originally were able to go with, causing many to confuse them with going as fast as meteor showers themselves. During the fast movement. the brothers move as one, allowing them to be able to react to anything as one being, which in term allows for much greater abilities between the two when they use this move. The secret behind this power is the impact that it gives, like it's two separate techniques before it, when the user impacts another opponent, the impact would trigger a great explosion. However, with Quasar Smash, the combined power of both users allows it to become an incredible blast of energy that can mow down half an entire forest with it's force, resulting in multiple trees being shredded or obliterate in a second. However, such a powerful technique is said to be used in an emergency situation, else both users would feel the severe consequences from this technique. The first being that in order to even be attempted, both user must be sync both physically and mentally as both techniques require pure trust and focus or else it will explodes and take them both to their doom. The second risk to this technique is that while it is possible to deal incredible damage, like the two separate ones before it, result in a backlash to the opponent, causing the same amount of damage to both of the users as it would the opponent.
Physical Attributes
Incredible Strength: When Lucas began his training with both his father and brother, he showed to be a bit more hesitant to use his strength, which he developed over time by following the same exercises his brother did, only instead his instincts allowed him to train using a method that allowed more Eternano to be used in strengthening his muscles, while he reabsorbed them more through his mouth as it goes along with the air he intakes. This in term allows it to go towards the main muscles of the body, which in term, allows his muscles to have grown despite him taking a break all the while. In some cases with his training, his father had him begin to use a style of training which had him concentrating Eternano through the muscle points of his body, holding it in to allow his strength to increase through magic enhancement before he released the energy back into his body, allowing his strength to return to it's normal. However, the true trick behind this training was that while the energy was released back to his body, some traces of it remained and naturally melded with his muscles, boosting their strength and texture as it eventually allowed Lucas to grew more muscular than his brother, but not enough to where it is bigger than most muscle builders in the Earthlands. After finishing his training with the absence of both his brother and father, Lucas's own strength began to show more to act on instinct along with his body, an example of which is seen when he fights an opponent that is weaker than he is, Lucas subconsciously reduces his own natural strength to be equal or at least less, than his opponent to allow him to fight longer and to allow the opponent to be given the chance to defeat him as part of his instinct's drive to feel the full rush of the fight. In terms of pure physical strength between both Lucas and Theo, Lucas's control is much more stronger than his brothers in terms of keeping to his fighting style, something that allows most people to utilize their strengths into certain areas in order to make themselves stronger.
Adaptive Reflexes: while in training, Lucas slowly began to feel whenever his instincts were going to kick in, the times they did was after the first initial fight between him and Theo, often unconsciously changing his body's posture and stance to allow a better chance of taking the opponent down and breaking their foothold in the battle. It is said that Lucas's instinct is often triggered whenever the body feels that the opponent is doing too much damage to it, causing the trigger as the body readjusts itself to better handle the opponent through muscle reflexes that Lucas often has to feel by allowing the opponent to get some blows on him. Once it changes, it becomes easier for Lucas to break through most of the fighting styles, using their weak points more to his advantage, and exploiting then often. It's because of this that Lucas often won his sparring matches against his older brother, due to the fast blows and attacks he endured, Lucas figured out when Theo would slow down, and at that very moment attacked and brought him down, disabling his fighting style or making it where Theo had no other alternative than to end the fight himself. It has been seen though that the only thing he is able to adapt to is the physical conflict, due to his body needing to be able to read and anticipate where the opponent will strike next, making him a bit at a disadvantage to mages that use long range magic, but not weak against them as he can still adapt to how the opponent will use them, allowing him to dodge them more than take out the spells. The more he understands how the opponent's entire body moves during the battle, the more Lucas is capable of planning two moves ahead of what they will do before they do it.Unmatched Speed: While Theo has been shown to have incredible speed, Lucas has shown at times that he can catch up to anyone that he encounters, even his own brother at times. While training, his incredible
Monstrous Durability:Since he was young, Lucas constantly showed to often be releasing incredible amounts of Eternano energy, resulting in anything around him, even his own house, to often at times be warped from the force of the magic. However, this result had an unintended side effect, even when he was young, the massive amount of Eternano actually acted like a cushion for him, protecting him from small bumps and scrapes that he would've gotten whenever he would've been hurt in any way. When Lucas first began to do his official training, his father began teaching him how to better control his Eternano, resulting in Lucas slowly becoming more able to condense the cushion that he constantly let out with his incredible amount of magic he had, resulting in the cushion becoming more skin-form as it condenses to surround only his body more than become out of control. After his brother left and his father passed away, Lucas continued to train, learning to master his Eternano manipulation as he also began to train his body to become instinctively harden the Eternano around him, resulting in him being able to take on incredible attacks and powerful spells, at one point even hardening his body to the point of taking on a point blank Crash spell right on his chest, shrugging it off as if it was like a gentle breeze had hit him. Since his travel throughout the regions and the many different opponents that he has encountered, Lucas has been known to be one of the most hardened forces around, taking anything that can be thrown at him, and leaving off with nothing but a few scratches, something both he and Theo share in common despite how each of them got their form of durability in the first place.
Assorted Others
Savage Instincts: Unlike Theo, who was born with much more intellect, Lucas showed to always be the kind of person who would instinctively know how to react something, be it something small or big, something that helped him quite often when he was a young child, as it allowed him to avoid more potential threats. leaving him without much scratches and bruises as a kid. Over time, his instincts began to go beyond just that of normal small-time injuries, some of which began to develop more during the time he began his training, which allowed him to catch things much more easier than normal as his instincts would show him a more adaptive way of doing something that would be more used to his body. Over time as he continued his training, his instincts began to grow sharper and sharper with each battle or tough challenge he went through, eventually gaining incredible instincts, which often at times are shown to be about 85% of the time, often resulting in him being able to make sure that anything he did would be right most of the time. It has been revealed that there are times where Lucas's instincts can often get the best of him, especially when he fights an opponent that is not only powerful, but is also willing to go through lengths to defeat him through any means necessary. It has been shown that Lucas is able to actually instinctively tell whether or not a person he encounters would be exactly who they say they are or is an impostor. It is unknown how. but when he first encounters a person, the instinctive analysis that he has when he sees the person themselves results in him being able to truly tell what a person intents to do, and whether or not it is safe for him to be around said person
Superb Knowledge: Although Theo was born with a much high intellect than Lucas when they were both younger, Lucas showed to have been born with much more sharper instincts than his brother, allowing him to be able to pick up things in a much more different way. It started to show when he was a baby, often recognizing potential threats to his life, learning them simply by one glance, and recognizing what exactly would hurt him and what was something that was safe to touch or grab that he didn't recognize as a threat. When his training officially began, both he and Theo often spent most time outside the physical portion, studying and learning about what the was and what was in it, resulting in an expansion on his knowledge, instead of purely relying on instinct to identify what everything was. After his father died and his older brother left to travel, Lucas continued on his studies, trying to understand advance subjects that he believed would help him more in his training, and what he was meant to protect as he gained a bountiful amount of knowledge that made him more understanding with everything around him. However, his true form of knowledge came when he left to travel and learned different form of fighting styles that he discovered along the way, being able to break down everything right down to how each fighter even breathed when they did a pose. His intellect often focused more on what he could see, how it can either be deconstructed or reused by him, and turned into his advantage whenever he is in a fight. While Theo is considered the genius of knowledge, Lucas is shown to be a genius is considered to be the genius of perseverance, allowing him to see everything for how it is, breaking it down to it's basics, and manipulating it into something that works into his advantage. It is said that this said style has helped Lucas ten different forms of fighting styles, and creating around five new styles just with those ten in his memory.
Magical Abilities
Tremendous Magical Energy: When he was born, Lucas was coming down with a severe fever that almost killed the young boy, until he cried for the first time, releasing the pent up magic energy that was inside his tiny body, resulting in the entire hospital windows being broken into multiple pieces by his crying. It was revealed that Lucas was one of rare young babies born with incredible amounts of magic inside of them, all of it stored in his body as it released at incredible rates whenever something off centered Lucas's mood. However, due to his older brother's way of caring along with his parents love and care for him caused the excess magic to be kept under control. As he started to get older, Lucas began attempting to learn how to control the massive amount of energy inside of his body, going through the same training exercises his brother went through, which began to work on keeping his incredible magic energy under check until Lucas began to be able to control it himself, despite a few accidental releases. Over the years he spent by himself after his father's death and his brother leaving to continue the legacy of his father, Lucas began training more on learning how to harness and control the incredible amount of Eternano inside of his body, half of which was continuously being expelled as he often trained at times, causing him to use too much strength whenever he did simple tasks involving magic. After leaving home and traveling around the world, looking for what he himself wanted to protect with his life, the difficult fights and experiences that Lucas encounter finally allowed him to gain control over his magic, and allowed him to be able to use it much more effectively than he originally did when he was younger. In terms of magic energy, Lucas is shown to be the one with the most energy inside of him, though has trouble often keeping it under control, something his older brother Theo is able to do much more easily. It is said that when Lucas is finally able to fully unlock his second origin, the full strength of his magic will be released, making him on equal terms with those who are even on the Ten Wizard Saints, and even more so if he ever learns to truly control his own massive amount of magic that is inside of him.
- Magical Aura(魔力の霊気 Maryoku no Reiki):
Heaven Buster(天堂・破壊者, Tendō Hakaimono): is a very unique Caster Magic spell that was taught to Lucas by his father when he realized that both he and Theo would need to know much more abilities in order to fully develop individually as people. It is said that both this and the Hell Buster were both of their father's most powerful spells when he was a Dark Mage Hunter. When the spell is activated, the user begins to channel in an incredible amount of Eternano from any form around them, be it in the air or in living beings as small amounts begin to draw into the user. Once enough is absorbed, the user begins to manipulate said Eternano, changing it into a brand-new form of energy by augmenting the wavelengths and modulating them until they create what appear to be a special skin-like fabric that slowly moves up all around the user's body, enveloping them in what would appear to be a special suit of sorts. When changed into that appearance, Heaven Buster takes the form of a skin tight body suit that is read throughout except for the material covering the fingers, shoulders, and head, which is black. Its fingers are cawed, allowing for improved grip, and the feet are covered by small red boots that also increase climbing ability. Lastly, It possesses a pair of large red, eye like markings, which are able to sense magic to allow Lucas to see. However, the true power of Heaven Buster is seen when he fights, the energy from the suit he wears show to double his own abilities, allowing him to become even stronger than he originally was, and allow him to use much more incredible abilities while he wears the suit. It has also been seen that he is able to produce claws from the tips of his fingers while wearing the suit, said to be as strong as steel, and can cut through many things when one has them out. It has also been seen that the spell has a hidden effect not yet known to Lucas, which is that whenever negative forms of magic hit him by an opponent with evil intentions in their heart, the suit acts as a cushion, reducing the magics attack as the full force is cut down by half, allowing for the user to take on Dark Mages much more easily. However, despite the incredible suits feats, it does shown to have certain weaknesses, one of which is while the spell is in place, the user is unable to manipulate their own Eternano to allow any form of new magic to be used, and often leaving him to rely only on the abilities of the spell or his own physical strength and uses. Another weakness to this suit is that although it increases one's durability, the spell itself is not indestructible as it has been shown often at times to have been ripped off from the user's body, or even shredded by opponent's attacks or sharp blades laced with Eternano energy.
When the spell is first initiated, The user begins by channeling a concentrated amount of Eternano inside of their body, modulating and altering it's wavelengths as the Eternano becomes different, adapting to the changes that the user makes until it becomes like fabric inside the user's body. Once then, the energy is released and begins to crawl all over the user's body, wrapping them up as if they were inside a cocoon. When changed into that appearance, Heaven Buster takes the form of a skin tight body suit that is read throughout except for the material covering the fingers, shoulders, and head, which is black. Its fingers are cawed, allowing for improved grip, and the feet are covered by small red boots that also increase climbing ability. Lastly, It possesses a pair of large red, eye like markings, which are able to sense magic to allow Lucas to see. It has also been seen that when in this form, Lucas begins to show much more control of his own Eternano due to the suit's condensed amount, and allows him to adjust it to where he can increase most parts of his body without even trying.
Anti-Heaven(抗天, Kōten): Is the second version of the spell that is used when the user augments their wavelengths to work more on people with positive magic energy rather than ones with negative magic energy. While in Anti-Heaven Form, Lucas will undergo a large metamorphosis. His entire outfit will become black in color. A closer look at it reveals that it might be made of some ooze like substance, almost like it is made of something that is not of Earth Land. His body will become more bulky, as his muscles expanding as a result of the new suit. Lucas will also have multiple black tentacles that sprout from his back, which he seems to able to control with his mental commands. He will also have an emblem on his chest that looks resembles that of a spider, only it is colored in white. Finally, whenever Lucas opens his mouth, it will reveal a row of sharp teeth and a long tongue, almost like a snakes in a way. While in this form, it has been revealed that the user's ability changes, the once Dark Mage nullifier becomes a nullifier for magic used by those who are good in heart and spirit, which makes this form very dangerous to them, while at the same, allows the user to absorb the negative energy of anyone the user encounters. However, due to the increase in negative energy that the user absorbs, their mental state begins to degenerate the longer they stay inside this form, and must immediately stop the spell, or else they risk losing themselves entirely and are left under the control of the suit itself as it's basic instinct will be to attack anyone with positive Eternano energy and a good heart. It is said that Lucas only uses this form to absorb negative energy and emotions from someone that he believes has a chance to be good.
Purgatory Buster(煉獄・破壊者, Rengoku Hakaimono): Is the combined form of both Heaven Buster and Anti-Heaven as both of the suits slowly begin to merge together as one, transforming into what appears to be a similar form of Heaven Buster's normal form, only instead the user's entire body is shown to be covered in a neon-green light energy that shows itself in the lens, chest, and ends of the users toes as it illuminates even the darkest area. It is said that this form is considered to be the most powerful of the spell, due to the fact that in order for it to be achieved, one must be able to summon up both suits at the same time, then meld them together into one unified force, combining the shape of the first form with the black color and texture of the second suit as it melds perfectly to form one powerful force said to be able to match up with his older brother's Final Form of Imperial Embodiment, and match it blow for blow. It has also been seen that while in use, the tentacles that were originally used in the second form, are able to be produced and manipulated by the user. All of the original abilities in both forms are shown to be inside of the suit, allowing the user to have access to all of their power of this spell. However, despite being the most powerful form of Heaven Buster, it is said to be a very dangerous form that should only be used when needed, due to the fact that it is a more powerful form of a positive and negative side, resulting in the user having their own mental sides becoming increasingly unstable the more the user is inside the suit for long.
Personification of The Sun Titan(日巨現 Hikyogen): Is a very unique and rare Caster Magic that Lucas originally learned from his mother, and was told that the magic allows the user to generate an augmented Eternano energy that is said to be almost exactly the energy to that of the burning sun, and is able to be altered depending on which energy color of the sun is produced. With this magic, the user is granted absolute dominance over the aspect of heat from the sun; as they are capable of generating, absorbing, and manipulating heat for various effects, ranging from offensive, defensive to practical, and mundane uses. Heat is, in essence, the amount of energy that is stored and being released at any given point in time; as the user controls their magic, they exponentially increase the level of kinetic and chemical energy in their body, converting that energy into heat and light energy—thus, manifesting flames. Thanks to this method of initiating pyro-kinesis, the user's flames are far hotter than a Flame God Slayer's black flames; and the user can reduce objects' temperatures, raise them to several hundred degrees, or extinguish open flames. The heat energy that the user takes from the environment while using more powerful spells of the magic is absorbed into their own body. These flames generated by the heat from the sun do not require oxygen to burn, and burn so intensely that matter is consumed without by-products such as ash. It has been shown that the more focused a user is with these flames, the more incredible feats of manipulation they are able to produce, one way shown is when the flames produce themselves, the user is often able to generate them around their entire body, and often allow them to change into the various colors that most suns often transform into during their stages of life. So far, Lucas has been shown to have been able to command and produce the energy's of four different colors of the sun: Red, Blue, Orange, and Yellow, which allow for different uses depending on how he uses the magic itself.
Spells
- Rising Sun Edge(旭日刃, Kyokujitsujin)
- Cross Inferno Blitz(十猛火 電撃, Jūmōka Dengeki)
- Photon Blazer(光子炎, Kōshi'en): Is a spell that Lucas developed while he was training to use this magic by his mentor, which shows to become a powerful concentrated blast of solar energy that can blister the land itself, leaving behind a powerful scorch mark that can stay on for weeks at a time. To use this spell, the user starts by focusing the energies of their glowing body, channeling it towards the center of their chest, melding both Eternano and solar energy together as it begins to spiral around, drawing in more and more heat from around the area. Once enough of the energy concentrates and the user condenses it into the shape of a sphere, the user then grasps the energy, causing the energy to burst out right through the user's chest, aiming forward towards the opponent or area that the user targets. The explosion causes a drastic increase in heat, nearly delivering a powerful and intense heat that makes it appear as if the target that it hits melted upon impact, making it one impressive and dangerous spell to use around normal people. However, despite it's amazing features and powerful force, there are certain weaknesses to it as well. When the explosion triggers the full release of the blast, the energy causes an immense draining of the user's own energy as well as the heat of the area around it, making it more difficult to draw in solar energy. It is also seen that once the attack is released, the energy cannot change direction, making it impossible for the user to bend it to their will, and also causing anyone in the way to take damage from the attack as well.
- Sol Link(ソル·リンク, Soru Rinku): Is a defensive style of spell used in this magic, said to create a small indication of the Sun Titan of the magic, often allowing for an incredible defense against any that would attempt to harm him through physical contact or through magic-energy based attacks. To begin, the user starts by focusing the solar energy around them, encasing them in a second layer of the solar Eternano energy, allowing the intense flames to arise and surround the user as they take on the appearance of a being made of pure flames. While in this form, the intense heat of the flames can have different forms of defensive styles depending on how the user manipulates it, one being that if the user is hit by a physical attack, be it from any weapon or attack, the flames would react to create a burning barrier around the impact of the attack, resulting in a burning blaze that engulfs the opponents hand and burns them until the user reabsorbs the flames back into their body. Another unique ability to this defensive form is that when a magic energy based attack hits the user, the effects from it results in a "melting" defense as the attack, when hit upon with the flames, destabilizes and is stopped dead in it's tracks as the blow is reduced to nearly half depending on how hot the flames actually are. While it is a formidable defensive spell against most opponents, there are some drawbacks to the magic as the more the heat is for the user, the more difficult it is to keep it under control without the user losing consciousness from heat exhaustion. Another weakness is that while in their Sun Titan Form, they are unable to manipulate their form, leaving them only able to increase or decrease their own heat and keeping it in check before it becomes unstable.
Shogun Force Arms(将軍力手, Shogunryokute): Is a rare Caster Magic that allows any use to concentrate a certain amount of Eternano, condensing it, and solidifying it into the shape of an arm, which can become an extension of one's self and is capable of being manipulated by the user. When utilizing the Shogun Force Arms, the user is capable of using and manipulating Eternano in the form of a powerful arm of magical energy which the user can manipulate as if it were a natural extension of their own body; and they are capable of forming multiples of the arms which they can freely manipulate to attack their foes, able to strike an opponent faster than even a clairvoyance user can react to. The hands of the Shogun Force Arms are clawed while the rest of the arm seems to lack any kind of joint, thus allowing them to have flexible movements that will generally be impossible for normal arms. The user can create any number of arms that they desire and they can also serve other purposes such as grappling hooks, to either grab onto objects or enemies from great distances, for offensive means, as merely touching one of these can cause fatal burns, and they can grow in size; or any part of the arms can divide into two or more fully operational appendages. As the user gains more experience, they can use the Shogun Force Arms to a greater extent, as they can use and release the arms from anywhere on their body on a small or large scale. These arms even have the power to crush steel without the user putting much thought into it; the user is able to manipulate various stones and geometric shapes without crushing them. The user is able to create several at once to launch attacks at several enemies, use them to pull enemies into the attack, and even create tiny ones around their finger. It has been shown that another ability to this magic is that a user is able to actually add the arms onto their own arms, hardening them to give more resistance and a protective layer against powerful attacks that might harm the user even more, if enough layers are added and solidified, it can give the user what appears as hardened armor around their arms, making them near-indestructible whenever they fight. However, despite the many advantages that the magic can give, there are certain weak points that can be exploited if given the chance. While the hands created are durable, their forms can be disrupted by something that can effect the stability, resulting in the arm disappearing. It has also been seen that the more arms the user makes, the more mental focus it is needed to keep them under the user's control and solid to allow for physical touch.
Spells
- Protective Hand(保護手 Hogotei): Is a strong defensive spell that takes the same concept as the spell, only has it converted to where the arms combine together to form one large protective hand, allowing the impact of any form of spell or attack to be reduced the more arms the user adds to the spell. It begins by the user channeling Eternano through their fore-arms, channeling the constructs of the energy arms around them as the user begins to shape them into more larger palms as the size increases the more arms the user adds. Eventually after the user is unable to add anymore energy, the arms expand greatly, causing the construct to grow into the size of a large hand with the palm showing itself, which acts as a barrier as when the magic hits it, the barrier holds it off as the user can often at times redirect it, or push forward to cause a backlash with the magic. However, despite a powerful defensive spell, the weakness is that while the defense is up, there is nothing blocking the user's back, leaving them vulnerable to any attacks that might get to him from behind.
- Armament: Goliath Arms(武装:ゴリアテ上肢 Busō: Goriate Jōshi): Is a more advance spell form of Shogun Force Arms, something that adds more incredible force to not only his own arms, but to the arm constructs that he creates when he is up against strong opponents. When the user is able to manifest and solidify multiple different arms, in some cases there is not enough Eternano to fully solidify the arm, with this spell, the user can actually merge two individual hands to create a much more solid construct, often at times showing the appearance of a much more solid arm that is much harder and looks armor-like when the user shows it. Depending on how many constructs a user is able to use, depends on how big the arms can often become, even going as far as showing to be a very heavy armor hand that is able to take on incredible attacks and easily break through steel like it was paper. It has also been seen that instead of making multiple arms on the back or sides of the user's body, it is possible to solidify the construct around the user's hand, allowing them to use their own force in the attack, resulting in an even more incredible attack and force. However, despite showing multiple uses, the spell shows to create multiple layers, meaning that how it is arranged depends on the user's manipulation of the magic. It has been shown that the arm could be considerably weaker in terms of the outer layer, but still stronger the deeper it goes down, showing that the user needs to have completely harmony and balance with the layers, else it would still be considerably weaker and unable to take the attacks of any kind.
- Gigaith Dynasty(ジゲース王朝 Jigeisu Ōchō): Is the most powerful spell known to the Shogun Force Arms, it is said that those who initiate the spell, are said to enter a state of mind that can actually transcend rational ways of thinking, and often allowing them to use the arms in ways that no one would ever think of. To begin using this spell, one have clear cut focus, blocking out any distractions that might be inside their minds, even their own rational mind set and imagination, relying on pure instinct to guide them through the way. While relying on instinct, the user's body begins to produce massive amounts of energy that they release from their own bodies or draw on from the Eternano in the area, channeling it into creating massive solid arms that appear from a construct made by the user's body, and solidifying the arms on it's back. The more the user solidifies incredible amounts of Eternano into the construct, the more arms will be shown until finally the construct is complete with about 100 solid hands that appear on the back of it as the user is shown to be at the very bottom. Due to still being on instinct, the user would only be able to deliver attacks when the body senses that an enemy will be approaching, resulting in them being able to manipulate all 100 arms as if they were all extension of the human body, allowing them to use each one to attack an opponent while at the same time, defending against any close-incoming attacks that might be coming towards them. It has been seen that the arms move so fast, it's as if they can almost predict when the opponent will attack and where, making this one of the most tricky and very difficult spells to defeat. However strong the spell is, the weaknesses for it are incredibly dangerous as when the user initiates the spell, pure instinct must be keep in order to use it effectively, otherwise the multiple signals coming from each arm can cause a mental overload in the user's mind, resulting in their minds losing control and the arms destroying everything in their path, good or evil. It has also been seen that such a massive spell requires a tremendous amount of Eternano, meaning it takes quite a bit of time to fully collect and solidify the arms, and leaving them vulnerable against the opponent while initiating it. The last and possibly greatest weakness to this spell is that once the energy is drained from the construct, the user must return their state of mine back to rational thinking, else they risk staying only on pure instinct, and unable to control themselves or what they are capable of.
Shatterpoint(ポイント打ち砕く Pointo Uchikudaku): is a unique fighting style Caster Magic and is known for being the Subspecies Magic of Crash that allows the user to view the various fault lines of any physical object or person they see or touch, allowing them to in term manipulate them to their advantage when the user has physical contact with said object. To begin using this magic, the user concentrates a considerable amount of magic energy into either their eyes or their hands, which allows them to see or feel for the multiple fault lines in anything around them due to nothing ever being perfect, and having weak points inside of them no matter how small or big. When the user indicates and finds said lines within others or themselves, there are two variations that Shatterpoint allows the user to manipulate them: the first version is that when the user is fighting against an opponent, they can simply cause the full breaking of the object that the user holds, which allows them to be destroyed or broken into pieces, and often can give a very powerful blow when the opponent feels it. It works by the user giving pressure to the fault line, pushing it more and more until eventually the strain is unable to bare it, which causes a powerful implosion of the fault line, dealing the damage to the opponent or the object. The second use of this magic is that instead of breaking the fault line, the user is actually able to strengthen them, or in another way, heal the weak points on the area where there is most damage to anothers body. This in term can often have medical advantages as it often allows for anyone to help in the healing process when the fault lines are more strengthened, and can give relief to those who feel it. Despite being an incredible magic, there are certain risks to it, one of which is that although it can fine fault lines, it cannot detect them through something that was made to be reinforced, which means super hard objects like swords cannot be broken easily unless it has taken near-breaking damage. The second weakness is that in order for the full search or understanding of where fault lines are, the user must have physical contact with someone for more than 20 seconds to allow a full analyze of where the fault lines are hiding, making them an easy target to an enemy.
Spells
Telepathy(念話 Terepashī): is a common Caster Magic that allows one to mentally connect with another person, connecting with their mental wavelength, and communicating with them through thought as well as transfer images by visually linking with them. It begins by the user concentrating mentally, sending out Eternano through their brain patterns as it projects itself outside of the physical body, allowing the user's mind to reach out to nearby people, reconnecting with their brain waves, and connecting them to talk between mental patterns that translates into words for them to understand. It has also been seen that it is possible to connect visual links between the two, allowing the user to see what the person sees, and vise-verse, making it a very handy magic whenever one is going on a covert mission and needs information. However, despite it's usefulness, the main risk to this magic is the strain on the user's head as there could be a mental strain to the user if the person they're connecting to uses the connection between them against the user, and if pushed too far, can cause a mental shut down to the user that could be deadly. | https://fairytailfanon.fandom.com/wiki/Lucas_Sonne |
The lighting design approach focuses on expressing the volumetric elements of the exterior architecture. These elements are treated carefully within the overall nighttime scene to adequately stress the building’s character and boost its presence within the vicinity. In developing the concept, effort was made to accentuate the façade’s texture through the use of surface grazers and stronger light intensities. Color temperature grades slightly from warm podium levels to cooler tones at the middle body, while smoothly warming up again at the rooftop canopy. The ground floor spaces have an inviting feel through the warm spill of interior lights into the arcades. Narrow beam projectors are aimed at the podium's diagonal M-shape beams, revealing these unique features and enhancing their visual weight. The inner surfaces of the vertical fins are grazed to offer a sense of depth, whilst the canopy structure is gently washed to crown the top of the building delicately. This configuration allows for the façade to be recognized from a distance. The central portion of the rear elevation is highlighted using diffuse lines at balcony slabs, whilst the top parapet is washed up to continue the canopy bracelet and culminate the vertical extension. The exterior hallways at the ground floor are illuminated to provide the necessary lux levels for safety and functional purposes whereas the column masses are kept unlit in order to mitigate their strong visual impact within the architectural context. | http://umayalighting.com/projects/maison-majestine-hotel-apartments |
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This course introduces students to curriculum, pedagogy and assessment and supports the development of pedagogical content knowledge for secondary teaching in particular subject contexts at junior secondary level. Students examine the New Zealand Curriculum (NZC), associated curriculum and assessment support materials, contemporary pedagogical developments and associated practice challenges, within the context of a junior secondary subject. There is a particular focus on knowledge foundations of subjects, culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogies that support learning for all, relevant subject-specific literacies, and design for learning within students’ junior secondary subjects.
On the successful completion of this course, students will be able to:1. Demonstrate understanding of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) by applying this knowledge to design for learning.2. Select and incorporate materials and teaching and learning approaches in design for learning that are relevant to a teaching subject at junior level and are underpinned by and support culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogy and practice.3. Critically reflect on teacher decision-making in relation to design for learning and assessment for learning, with consideration of Māori and diverse learners, curriculum, and pedagogies that support learning at junior secondary level.4. Critically examine NZ Curriculum requirements including values, key competencies, subject statements and achievement objectives relevant to a teaching subject for junior secondary.5. Evaluate own practice from critical examination of curriculum and pedagogical practices relevant to a teaching subject for junior secondary.Content:Common content threads:Te reo Māori, Māori concepts and mātauranga Māori related to curriculum, assessment and pedagogy.Representation of Māori and Pacific values from Tātaiako, Tapasā and Ako Waitaha within the course.Culturally responsive and sustaining pedagogy to support learning.Digital literacies for professional learning and practice, including engaging with curriculum, assessment and pedagogy. Course specific content:Learning in junior secondary subject areaKnowledge foundations and learning intentions of junior secondary subjects, as signalled in NZC and supporting curriculum documents for junior secondary subjectsKey competencies – theory, practice, and application in junior secondary subjectsPedagogical approaches for teaching and learning in junior secondary subjects – theory and practice in context of junior secondary subjectsSubject specific literacies, to support learning in junior secondary subjectsLearning with digital technology in junior secondary subjectAssessment for learning (AfL) – application of AfL principles in junior secondary subject contextTeacher knowledge, for teaching and learning in junior secondary subjectsNature of teacher knowledge – pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK), social justice pedagogical content knowledge (SJPCK) and teaching for social justice in junior secondary subjectsResources, materials and technology available to support teaching and learning in junior secondary subjectLearning with and about digital technology in junior secondary subjectsContemporary research relating to teaching and learning in a junior secondary subjectTheory and practice relating to teaching and learning for Māori and diverse learners in context of junior secondary subject – what culturally responsive and sustaining practice looks like in specific junior secondary subjectsLearner funds of knowledge – recognising all learners as having knowledge that they bring to learning contexts; how teachers can access learners’ funds of knowledge in junior secondary subject contexts Resources, materials and technology available to support teaching and learning in junior secondary subjectDesign for learning in junior secondary subjectsDesign for learning – theory and practice for learning activity and lesson planning Designing learning activities in context of junior secondary subjectDesigning lessons and sequences of lessons in context of junior secondary subjectWorkshops will focus on subject specific content derived from the New Zealand Curriculum (NZC)
This course will provide students with an opportunity to develop the Graduate Attributes specified below:
Employable, innovative and enterprising
Students will develop key skills and attributes sought by employers that can be used in a range of applications.
Biculturally competent and confident
Students will be aware of and understand the nature of biculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand, and its relevance to their area of study and/or their degree.
Engaged with the community
Students will have observed and understood a culture within a community by reflecting on their own performance and experiences within that community.
TECS333
Students must attend one activity from each section.
Jane Abbiss
Our code our standards : code of professional responsibility and standards for the teaching profession = Ngā tikanga matatika ngā paerewa : ngā tikanga matatika mō te haepapa ngaiotanga me ngā paerewa mō te umanga;
Education Council, New Zealand, Matatu Aotearoa, 2017.
Hill, Mary , Thrupp, Martin;
The professional practice of teaching in New Zealand;
6th edition;
Cengage, 2019.
Kamp, Annelies;
Education studies in Aotearoa : key disciplines and emerging directions;
NZCER Press, 2019.
Moorfield, John C;
Maori dictionary : te aka Māori-English, English-Māori dictionary;
Auckland University of Technology ; Pearson Education New Zealand.
New Zealand;
Ka hikitia : kokiri kia angitu, 2013-2017;
Te Tahuhu o te Matauranga, 2013.
New Zealand;
Tapasā : cultural competencies framework for teachers of Pacific learners;
Ministry of Education = Te Tahuhu o te Matauranga, 2018.
New Zealand;
The New Zealand curriculum;
Learning Media for the Ministry of Education, 2007.
New Zealand. , New Zealand Teachers Council;
Tātaiako : cultural competencies for teachers of Māori learners;
Ministry of Education, 2011.
Recommended course reading: Banchi, (October 2008). The many levels of inquiry. Science and Children, 26-29Cowie, B., Jones, A., Otrel-Cass, K. (2011). Re-engaging students in science: Issues of assessment, funds of knowledge and sites for learning. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 9, 347-366.Ferris, S. (2013). Revoicing: A tool to engage all learners in academic conversations. The Reading Teacher, 67(5), 33-357Gonzales, N., & Moll, L. (2002). Cruzando el Puente: Building bridges to funds of knowledge. Education Policy, 16(4), 623-641.Hill, M. (2019). Using classroom assessment for effective learning and teaching. In M. Hill & M. Thrupp (Eds.), The Professional Practice of Teaching in New Zealand (6th edition) (pp. 110-129). Melbourne: Cengage.Hipkins, R., & Boyd, S. (2011). The recursive elaboration of key competencies as agents of curriculum change. Curriculum Matters, 7, 70-86.Johnson, D., & Johnson, R. (1999). Making cooperative learning work. Theory Into Practice, 38(2), 67-73.Ladson-Billings, G. (2014). Culturally responsive pedagogy 2.0: aka the the remix. Harvard Educational Review, 84(1), 74-84.Macfarlane, A. (2004). Kia hiwa ra! Listen to culture: Māori students’ plea to educators. Wellington, NZ: NZCER.McDowell, S., & Hipkins, R., (2018). How the key competencies evolved over time: Insights from the research. 12pp. Retrieved from https://www.nzcer.org.nz/research/publications/key-competencies-insights.Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. (2006). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-1054Penetito, W. (2009). Place-based education: Catering for curriculum, culture and community. New Zealand Annual Review of Education, 18, 5-29.Samu, T. (2015). The ‘Pasifika Umbrella’ and quality teaching: Understanding and responding to the diverse realities within. Waikato Journal of Education, 129-140.Schulman, L. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4-14Smith, G. (April 2002). Place-based education: Learning to be where we are. Phi Delta Kappan, 584-594.Verenikina, I. (2008). Scaffolding and learning: Its role in nurturing new learners. In P. Kell, W. Vialle, D. Konza, & G. Vogl (Eds.), Learning and the Learner: Exploring Learning for New Times (pp. 161-180). Wollongong, Australia: University of Wollongong.
http://learn.canterbury.ac.nz/
http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/
Honesty and integrity are important qualities for teachers. Students must maintain good character through the programme, including time in university-based study and professional practice in schools. They must act in ways consistent with the UC Student Code of Conduct and the Code of Professional Responsibility for teachers.Also, students need to be familiar with the risks of plagiarism and how to avoid these. Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty. The UC Library has useful information on plagiarism and how to avoid it - see Library link.
Grading ScaleGrade GPA Value MarksA+ 9 90 – 100A 8 85 – 89.99A- 7 80 – 84.99B+ 6 75 – 79.99B 5 70 – 74.99B- 4 65 – 69.99C+ 3 60 – 64.99C 2 55 – 59.99C- 1 50 – 54.99D 0 40 – 49.99E -1 0 – 39.99A Pass is 50 marks or over
Students are expected to attend all scheduled course sessions, actively engage with course content and actively participate in course activities, such as oral, Zoom sessions, Adobe connect sessions and any other requirements specified by the course coordinator, in order to meet the learning outcomes of the course. Students are expected to notify lecturers in writing (e.g. email message) prior to their absence, with an explanation. For extended absences (3 or more days), students should apply to the course coordinator. Extended absences must be accompanied by supporting evidence, e.g. medical certificate.
Teaching and the course will be assessed through the regular use of UCTL evaluative instruments.
Work is assessed and moderated by both course lecturers.
Work handed in after the due date with no extension granted is considered late. If, for any reason, a student is having difficulty in keeping to the deadline for assignments, they must make contact via email with the course coordinator so that reasonable arrangements can be made for an extension. Late work will be accepted for marking up to one week (7 days) after the due date. The maximum mark that can be received for late work is a C-. Lecturers reserve the right not to mark work handed in more than a week late, and no work will be accepted after assignments have been returned.
All work submitted in this course would be completed using APA format and a high standard of academic writing is expected.
Requests for an extension should be made in writing to the course coordinator in advance of the due date (e.g. email request). Normally an extension would be for a few days and no more than 2 weeks following the published assignment due date. Extensions need to be applied for and are not granted automatically. Applications for extensions need to provide a reason and students may be asked to provide evidence (e.g. medical certificate). Extensions will not normally be granted because of pressure of university study, e.g. several pieces of work being due around the same time.
A resubmission is permitted where work for an assignment received a failing (D) grade. One resubmission is allowed for each assignment; however, no grade higher than a C- will be awarded to resubmitted work. Work that is to be resubmitted will normally be due one week after being returned to the student unless other arrangements are requested and granted by the lecturer or course coordinator.
Special consideration of assessment items (aegrotats) are not available for this course and all assignments must be completed. Where circumstances mean that students cannot submit assignment work on time, they should apply for an extension to the assignment due date. Where an extension may be granted for an assessment, this will be decided by direct application to the Course Co-ordinator (in writing, e.g. by email, and in advance of the due date) and an application to the Examinations Office will not be required.Applications for special consideration should be submitted via the website – see https://www.canterbury.ac.nz/study/special-consideration/how-to-apply/For more information see Special Consideration Regulations.
As well as attending classes, it is essential that all students regularly access the course Learn site. All course information such as the course kaupapa, notices, assessment information, required and recommended readings, audio recordings of some lectures, and other teaching resources etc. will be available on this site
Students will be expected to submit their assessments via the online assessment system in the Learn class site by 11.59pm on or before the due date. Assignments are automatically sent through Turnitin to check for Plagiarism on submission of assignments. It is the responsibility of the students to check their Internet access and ability to submit their work via the online system. Any technical difficulties should be notified well in advance of the due date so that assistance can be provided or alternative arrangements can be negotiated.For ICT help call our free call number 0508 UC IT HELP (0508 824 843) or on 03 369 5000. Monday to Friday, 8am to 5pm (excluding public and university holidays).
Domestic fee $952.00
International fee $4,000.00
* All fees are inclusive of NZ GST or any equivalent overseas tax, and do not include any programme level discount or additional course-related expenses.
For further information see
School of Teacher Education. | https://www.canterbury.ac.nz/courseinfo/GetCourseDetails.aspx?course=TECS433&occurrence=21YA1(C)&year=2021 |
Today's front-page story in the New York Times suggests that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), under the direction of then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, failed to act against a Wisconsin priest who was accused of molesting scores of boys at a school for the deaf.
Is the story damaging? Yes. Should the Vatican have acted faster? Yes. Should the accused priest have been laicized? In all probability, Yes again.
Nevertheless, before assigning all blame to the Vatican, consider these factors:
1. The allegations of abuse by Father Lawrence Murphy began in 1955 and continued in 1974, according to the Times account. The Vatican was first notified in 1996: 40 years after Church officials in Wisconsin were first made aware of the problem. Local Church leaders could have taken action in the 1950s. They didn't.
2. The Vatican, following the standard procedures required by canon law, kept its own inquiries confidential. But the CDF never barred other investigations. Local Church officials could have given police all the information they had about the allegations against Murphy. Indeed they could have informed police 40 years earlier. They didn't.
3. Milwaukee's Archbishop Cousins could have suspended Father Murphy from priestly ministry in 1974, when he was evidently convinced that the priest was guilty of gross misconduct. He didn't. Instead he transferred the predator priest to a new diocese, allowing him to continue pastoral work giving him access to other innocent young people. And as if that weren't enough, later Archbishop Weakland made sure that there was no "paper trail." There was certainly a cover-up in this case. It was in Milwaukee, not in Rome.
4. Having called the Vatican's attention to Murphy's case, Archbishop Weakland apparently wanted an immediate response, and was unhappy that the CDF took 8 months to respond. But again, the Milwaukee archdiocese had waited decades to take this action. Because the Milwaukee archdiocese had waited so long to take action, the canonical statute of limitations had become an important factor in the Vatican's decision to advise against an ecclesiastical trial.
5. In a plea for mercy addressed to Cardinal Ratzinger, Father Murphy said that he had repented his misdeeds, was guilty of no recent misconduct, and was in failing health. Earlier this month Msgr. Charles Scicluna, the chief Vatican prosecutor in sex-abuse cases, explained that in many cases involving elderly or ailing priests, the CDF chooses to forego a full canonical trial, instead ordering the priest to remove himself from public ministry and devote his remaining days to penance and prayer. This was, in effect, the final result of the Vatican's inquiry in this case; Father Murphy died just months later.
6. The correspondence makes it clear that Archbishop Weakland took action not because he wanted to protect the public from an abusive priest, but because he wanted to avoid the huge public outcry that he predicted would emerge if Murphy was not disciplined. In 1996, when the archbishop made that prediction, the public outcry would--and should--have been focused on the Milwaukee archdiocese, if it had materialized. Now, 14 years later, a much more intense public outcry is focused on the Vatican. The anger is justifiable, but it is misdirected.
This is a story about the abject failure of the Milwaukee archdiocese to discipline a dangerous priest, and the tardy effort by Archbishop Weakland--who would soon become the subject of a major scandal himself--to shift responsibility to Rome.
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Weakland is a leading”progressive” and a know homosexuals, who spent Church money to hush up a blackmailer. He is a traitor to Christ.
Once again ... looks like the American Church failure.
What do you mean by “American Church?” The Catholic Church in America?
Or is this a point of the New York times failing to put out the entire story?
I’d believe the Catholic Church on ANYTHING before I would believe the NYSlimes on one thing! LOL!
Yes.
Oh, I see what you are saying.
Weakland and the Milwaukee Archdioces failure vs. a Vatican failure.
Just a little tired tonight.
As I have said on other threads it amazes me how poster here at FR will denounce the NYTimes and other MSM outlets for there chronic inncorrect reporting untill it fits the posters agenda to attack....in this case The Catholic Church/Christ.
Having been around here longer than a decade I do not ever remember seeing the attacks this bad.
It is sad for those who hate what is the truth.
It only strengthens those who adore our Mother and Father.
As I remarked to KV it is SO important to his prayer life during this time as one who suffers from severe disabilities to lift ALL of humanity up in his prayer for intersession.
It is a Huge and Important Job he has.
Yeah he knows, he has been at it for almost two decades quietly.
God bless you and KV.
Prayers for you and God Bless.
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Please ping me to note-worthy Pro-Life or Catholic threads, or other threads of general interest.
He is a traitor to Christ.
Amen
I agree that this is the fault of Cousins and Weakland, but can anybody tell me why Weakland himself hasn’t been defrocked by the Vatican? He is an open homosexual who has declared publicly that the Church is wrong about homosexual behavior.
WEAKLAND QUOTE: “If you say our God is an all-loving god, how do you explain that at any given time probably 400 million living on the planet would be gay? Are the
religions of the world, as does Catholicism, saying to
those hundreds of millions of people, you have to pass your whole life without any physical, genital expression of that love?”
This will NEVER be covered on the alphabets!!
It is so obvious that the forces of evil are making a desperate push to tarnish B16. They fear him because he follows our Lord and serves as a beacon to Christ for believers. May God bless and keep B16,
Run time about 20 mins mainly narrated by victims, priests and bishops.
Very interesting, I hope it is available for viewing in the U.S
I know that it is extremely difficult for the Vatican to be on top of everybody, but if they do get wind of a Bishop saying things like this they definitely should do something about it!
Weakland was removed.
**This will NEVER be covered on the alphabets!!**
Nevertheless, we can post it here.
And, hopefully, some of the dimocrat Protestants who are posting the infamous accuasation about Pope Benedict can stop and desist in their postings. (Wishful thinking?)
Sexual Abuse of Children by Protestant Ministers
Report: Protestant Church Insurers Handle 260 Sex Abuse Cases a Year
Abuse by Protestant Ministers of Every Denomination
Child Sexual Molestation by Various Protestant Clergy
"Yeshiva" of Brooklyn also Guilty of Child Abuse
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Teachers and Pedophilia - In YOUR Backyard
Washington Post -- D.C. school officials reported 220 abuse allegations against teachers
Sex Abuse by Teachers Said Worse Than Catholic Church
WHEN BOYS ARE MOLESTED BY TEACHERS AND OTHERS IN POSITIONS OF AUTHORITY
Sadly, I think that Weakland wasn’t disciplined (other than being forced to retire early) because of the fact that he has lots of friends in high places (liberal American bishops and cardinals) and perhaps because of misguided kindness. Weakland - well, actually, wealthy donors who were friends of his - paid back the money he stole for his boyfriend and was supposed to go live in retirement at a monastery.
This initially failed because the monastery in question didn’t want him. They finally found some other place for him, and unfortunately, proving that no good deed goes unpunished, he has devoted his new leisure hours to attacking the Pope and orthodox Catholicism in whatever way he can.
I wish that the head of his order would at least silence him, but some of the Benedictines are pretty bad and are probably on his side.
livius, what we need now is another St. Francis of Assisi;
“Francis, rebuild my Church”
One of the most humbling memories I have is seeing the frock and sandals of St. Francis. Unforgettable.
And we need another Lepanto.
May all of us who are called Catholic by name be in prayer from noon to 3 this coming Good Friday.
The Lord will hear us.
**And we need another Lepanto.**
I firmly believe this will happen, but it will be a Miracle of New York, Washington D. C................you can choose the city.
Say the Rosary to end abortion.
Does anything else matter?
ABSOLUTELY. The primary responsibility of those in authority, bar none was to find who all the victimes were and make things right. That wasn't even attempted.
No song and dance about any other aspect of this matters.
Period.
Interesting summary.
What is the hanging question? What was the archbishop then accused of doing ... which this story brought up, but didn’t explain?
The archbishop (Weakland) was gay and probably knew about this and other cases long before 1996, when he claims (an unsubstantiated claim) that he reported it to the Vatican. If he did so, it was only because he had some suspicion that it might come out for some reason and he wanted to cover his episcopal posterior. However, I doubt that he ever did report it.
The Church must be ever vigilant and must always be cleaning house. We will all be a lot better off when the generation of priests ordained in the 60’s retires.
There is a whole wolf-pack of them about his age. All who haven’t, will soon retire.
Thankfully, many of the Bishops who caused all the problems with their push for the changes in the "Spirit of Vatican II" are retiring.
Thank you for posting this!
:-)
I’ve been so disappointed with people WHO SHOULD KNOW BETTER and their knee-jerk reactions, without hearing both sides.
So what about all those naughty teachers?
We judge the Catholic Church by the actions of a few priests, but do we judge the public schools by the actions of a few teachers?
No, it’s hushed up and under the radar of the media. LOL!
PS. For what it’s worth............don’tcha know that the media hates the Catholic Church?
Yup.
The Church is an idea conceived by Jesus and handed to Peter to implement. The Church, therefore, has a structure composed of human men with all their wants and desires and failings that cloud their own spirituality and good judgment.
Jesus never intended for his church to be corrupted by these men and I believe He is extremely disappointed and dismayed in these failings. After all, these failings hurt other people which violates the Great Commandment. What Jesus founded has been tarnished by men is some serious ways.
So this does not, nor should it reflect badly on what Jesus founded and the concepts that are meant to be taught and observed. In other words, when matters like this come up, I believe we have to separate what Jesus intended from what the church is now.
You say you’d believe anything the Church says over the NY “Slimes”. I’m sorry to say I can’t say the same as the history over the centuries in this church of corruption by men continues to demand some kind of second-guessing in earthly matters such as these.
Setting the record straight in the case of abusive Milwaukee priest Father Lawrence Murphy
Long Applause for New York Prelate Who Defends Pope
NYT UNFAIRLY CITES POPE'S ROLE [Catholic Caucus]
Scoundrel Time(s)
The Pope and the Murphy case: what the New York Times story didn't tell you
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works. | http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-religion/2480925/posts?page=16 |
Published in the journal:
. PLoS Med 7(1): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000205
Category: Perspective
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000205
Summary
article has not abstract
Linked Research Article
This Perspective discusses the following new study published in PLoS Medicine:
Grundmann H, Aanensen DM, van den Wijngaard CC, Spratt BG, Harmsen D, et al. (2010) Geographic Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus Causing Invasive Infections in Europe: A Molecular-Epidemiological Analysis. PLoS Med 7(1): e1000215. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000215
Understanding the geographic distribution of microbial pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella spp., or Staphylococcus aureus is critical to developing strategies to reduce their transmission. Varied approaches have been used to track their spread including the use of national surveillance networks, multinational strain collections, or more targeted strategies that track social networks within high-risk populations –. The integration of molecular techniques with these surveillance strategies helps identify specific bacterial strains or clones and potentially provides further insight into strain transmission and virulence.
For S. aureus, understanding the transmission pathways of the different clones remains of critical importance. In the past 10 years the number of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci has increased both in the health care setting and in the community –. Despite the availability of effective antimicrobials, invasive S. aureus infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality. This burden of disease was highlighted in a recent report from the United States that estimated the overall incidence of invasive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections at 31.8 per 100,000 and the overall mortality from these infections at 6.3 per 100,000 .
Understanding the epidemiology of these infections, the role of specific strains and the basis for their spread has therefore continued to be an area of intense interest. Earlier studies have shown that, since the first report of a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus in 1961, only a limited number of MRSA clones have been responsible for the bulk of infections worldwide suggesting that these unique clones have a survival advantage ,. Learning how these clones spread, target selected populations, and cause disease will provide insight into understanding the basis for their remarkable persistence and virulence.
A New Study on the Spatial Distribution of S. aureus
In a new study by Hajo Grundmann and colleagues in this issue of PLoS Medicine, the investigators describe the development of an interactive tool for analyzing the spatial distribution of invasive S. aureus . The authors assembled a large group of collaborators throughout much of Europe including 450 hospitals from 26 countries. They then standardized strain collection and typing procedures. This arduous start-up process is likely to provide payoffs well beyond this initial study. Over a 6-month period, from 2006–2007, participating hospitals provided five successive methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates collected from patients with invasive infections. Most of these isolates were from bacteremias. These isolates were characterized using a sequence-based approach, spa typing (based on the polymorphic protein A gene that is uniformly found in S. aureus), which allows for identification of specific strains. The strain spa types were assigned to their original hospital collection site and the spatial analytic tools were then used to map common spa types both by their regional proximity and their country of origin.
Not surprisingly the authors found that the MSSA isolates were more varied and more widely dispersed than the MRSA isolates. The latter were more geographically limited and had fewer clonal types. The MRSA spa types tended to mostly cluster within regional borders and, in several instances, were associated with individual hospitals, suggesting an outbreak. The authors provide an interactive map that allows others to query the web site for the location of particular clones and to examine the distribution throughout Europe of the different strains (http://www.spatialepidemiology.net/SRL-Maps).
The study has some limitations, many already noted by the authors. There was a potential selection bias given the reduced number of MRSA versus MSSA isolates. In an effort to identify specific strains with enhanced virulence, the authors linked strain profiles with all-cause mortality at 2 weeks. While no association was found, all-cause mortality is a relatively crude indicator and may miss factors contributing to virulence that are not reflected in death as an outcome. Future studies will likely further refine this approach. Missing data, especially on the source of the isolates (community versus hospital), and the all-cause mortality may have influenced the analysis of this data.
What Is the Potential of This Approach?
The major strength of Grundmann and colleague's proof of principle study is that it shows the potential value of this integrated approach. By establishing a large collaborative network and then combining molecular and spatial analytic techniques, the authors illustrate the ability to map specific strains across large geographic regions. At its most basic, the study provides information on whether clones of S. aureus are randomly distributed or clustered. The authors however also illustrate that there are many other potential applications of this approach.
The authors show that by linking strain profiles with patient outcomes they can generate information on the potential virulence of a particular clone. In the future, this approach could be applied to strains isolated from the community, strains from different tissue sites, or to strains with or without selected virulence genes. Sociodemographic information, such as the age, sex, or occupation of the patient, can be correlated with the strain type. This information may then generate hypotheses on transmission pathways, susceptible high-risk occupations (e.g., pig farmers and spa type t034 ), or particularly vulnerable populations ,.
Innovative mapping strategies, based on information provided from international organizations, news media, and scientific reports, have recently been used to develop interactive maps that show the geographic distribution of a variety of different pathogens (e.g., see Health Map, http://www.healthmap.org/en). Grundmann and colleagues' study is one of several recent investigations that illustrate the ability of spatial mapping techniques to help understand the spread of new or reemerging pathogens at the local as well as the international level ,. | https://www.prolekare.cz/casopisy/plos-medicine/2010-1/mapping-the-distribution-of-invasive-across-europe-44362 |
Getting pupils to think more about how they learn can boost their academic progress by seven months, according to new guidance.
The government-backed Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) today published advice for schools to help teachers develop the metacognitive skills of their pupils. (There is also an in-depth investigation into metacognition, incorporating this report, in the 27 April issue of Tes).
The charity said that using metacognitive strategies would support teachers in helping their pupils meet the challenge of the harder school curriculum.
The Metacognition and Self-regulated Learning Guidance Report reviews the best available research to offer teachers practical guidance on how to develop their pupils’ metacognitive skills.
It has recommendations in seven areas and sets out common misconceptions teachers have about metacognition.
One misconception is that teachers often think they need to teach metacognitive approaches in ‘learning to learn’ or ‘thinking skills’ sessions. But the report warns that metacognitive strategies should be taught in conjunction with specific subject content as pupils find it hard to transfer these generic tips to specific tasks.
Another misconception focuses on the belief that metacognition can only be developed in older pupils. According to the report, children as young as 3 can engage in a wide range of metacognitive and self-regulatory behaviours, such as opt out of tasks if they think they’ll be too difficult for them.
In the 27 April issue of Tes, there is an in-depth investigation into metacognition and a full review of the latest EEF guidance paper. | https://www.tes.com/news/teaching-pupils-how-they-learn-boosts-progress-seven-months |
As a multicultural country consisting of Buddhists, Hindus, Christians and Muslims, one of the perks that Sri Lankans enjoy is having public holidays for almost all the religious festivals. When it comes to the main festivals of Tamil Hindus, Deepavali takes the spotlight. This year it falls on 24th October and if you are travelling in Sri Lanka during that period, you might be able to get a glimpse of the celebrations.
Deepavali is the Festival of Light which is celebrated by mainly Hindu devotees across the world. The festival originates from India (where it is more commonly known as Diwali) and being one of its closest neighbours, Sri Lankan culture and way of life is highly enriched and strongly influenced by India.
The term Deepavali stems from the Sanskrit words Dipa (Lamp/Light/Shine) and Avali (Series/Row/Sequence). Deepavali symbolizes the triumph of Light over Darkness, Good over Evil and Knowledge over Ignorance. The festival usually falls in the months of October or November and the rituals take place usually for four to five days with the main celebrations taking place on the third day – the darkest night which is the 15th day of Karthik, the holiest month in Hindu lunar calendar.
The festival involves a range of celebration rituals. The locals prepare by cleaning their houses and interiors since house visits and family gatherings are common. Most devotees remain vegetarian before the festival and often visit the Kovils (Hindu Temples) for a pooja ceremony. While the most common ritual is to light lamps, another creative ritual is to draw colorful patterns on the floor which are called Kolam or Rangoli.
While Sri Lankan Tamils across the country celebrate Deepavali, the more common celebrations happen in Jaffna (in the North), the East, and hill country which are the areas where Tamils live predominantly. If you are visiting during this time and would like to experience the celebration rituals, we will happily arrange for a house visit in Jaffna or hill country where you can witness the rituals in an authentic setting together with a local Tamil family at their house. | https://khiri.com/sri-lanka-deepavali/ |
As part of our accessibility review, this page lists games that have been flagged with accessibility settings in the following areas.
Controls: Each of these games has been assessed for how you control the game, different options for alternative inputs and whether you can remap these settings to suit your needs. Each game offers the following accessibility features and settings:
Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy
Rating: PEGI 3+
Release Date: 06/11/2017
Platforms: Android, Mac, PC and iOS
Genres: Action, Platform, Simulation and Sports
Accessibilty: 21 features
Developer: @Bfod
Players: This is a single player game
Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy is a strange game about movement and momentum. You are tasked with climbing a mountain. However, your only means of locomotion is a hammer that can stick to objects and drag you forwards.
Stardew Valley
Rating: PEGI 12+
Release Date: 26/02/2016, updated in 2018
Platforms: Android, Mac, Nintendo Switch, PC, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Xbox One and iOS
Genres: Action, Adventure, Narrative, Open World, Simulation and Strategy
Accessibilty: 24 features
Developer: @ConcernedApe
Players: You can play this with 4 players online
Stardew Valley looks like a farming simulator. That’s partly what it is, but you must also develop relationships with the other townsfolk and delve deep into the mines. Its quirky labyrinthine attention to detail is as inviting for young players to...
Oxenfree
Release Date: 14/01/2016, updated in 2016
Platforms: Android, Mac, Nintendo Switch, PC, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and iOS
Genres: Adventure and Narrative
Accessibilty: 16 features
Developer: @NightSchoolers
Oxenfree is an adventure game where a teenagers’ beach party spirals into a supernatural story. You guide the outcome with your choices as the well-written dialogue reveals characters coming to terms with family breakdown, death of a sibling, blame...
Mini Metro
Release Date: 06/01/2015
Platforms: Android, Mac, Nintendo Switch, PC, PlayStation 4 and iOS
Genres: Simulation and Strategy
Accessibilty: 27 features
Developer: @Dinopoloclub
Create an ordered, efficient underground train system. It sounds like hard work, but the simple Tube-map visuals, calm music, and streamlined interactions make this relaxing, like sudoku. Dip your toe in this strategy challenge and keep the system...
Bad North
Release Date: 31/10/2018, updated in 2018
Genres: Action, Fighting, Puzzle, Simulation and Strategy
Accessibilty: 22 features
Developer: @RawFury
Bad North is a stylised strategy fighting game. You control an army defending an island and must train and develop your forces efficiently. The simple visuals and knife-edge Viking combat along with the jeopardy of losing precious troops make this a lot...
Sim City
Release Date: 02/02/1989, updated in 2014
Genres: Creative, Simulation and Strategy
Accessibilty: 14 features
Developer: @EA
SimCity is a series of city-building games, created by Will Wright. Since their inception as educational experiences in 1989, the games have enabled players to design ambitious cities. The attraction is the open-ness of play, where you can let your...
Empty
Release Date: 25/09/2020
Price: Free
Platforms: Android, Mac, PC, Web Browser and iOS
Genres: Puzzle
Accessibilty: 12 features
Developer: @_Dstrm
Empty is a minimalist puzzle game that teaches the value of simplicity in life. You rotate and interact with different vignettes to line up items with the same background colour. As you do this they disappear and the scene slowly empties.
All Of You
Expected Rating: PEGI 7+
Release Date: 06/10/2020
Platforms: Mac and iOS
Genres: Platform and Puzzle
Developer: @AlikeStudio
All of You is a platform game where you can pause time and control the levels rather than the character. By rearranging the timing, order and orientation of the world you play in you can help the mother hen get her chicks back.
Alt-Frequencies
Release Date: 16/05/2019
Platforms: Android, Mac, Nintendo Switch, PC and iOS
Genres: Adventure, Narrative and Puzzle
Developer: @AccidentalQ
Alt-Frequencies is an adventure game played by listen to a series of radio shows. It's a story about people stuck in a time loop without realising it and what you can do to save them.
The White Door
Release Date: 09/01/2020
Genres: Adventure and Puzzle
Developer: @RustyLakeCom
The White Door is an adventure that you play by exploring each room, finding and interacting with items and people. Along with its unusual black and white visuals, The White Door is also notable for the topic of mental health and memory loss it takes on.
Reigns
Rating: PEGI 7+
Release Date: 11/08/2016
Genres: Adventure, Narrative, Puzzle, Strategy and Turn-Based
Developer: @DevolverDigital
Take charge of a kingdom, one decision at a time. Each choice is presented to you as a playing card with some advice or a question from one of the 38 different characters. Swipe left or right to make a decision that will impact the church, people,...
Traffix
Release Date: 08/07/2019
Developer: @8InfinityGames
Traffix is a puzzle game that puts you in charge of traffic lights on different road systems. By changing the lights to red, orange and green you work to get traffic to flow on increasingly complex and busy roads. It sounds complex, but with simple...
Asphalt 9: Legends
Release Date: 08/10/2019
Genres: Action, Racing and Rhythm
Developer: @GameLoft
Players: You can play with 8 players in the same room and up to 8 players online
Asphalt 9: Legends is a racing game in the series that focuses on fast driving fun. This year the game adds new cars, a wide range of accessible control schemes, race modes, and nitro boosts for extra speed.
Bring You Home
Release Date: 29/10/2018
Accessibilty: 17 features
Bring You Home is a running and jumping game with a difference. You play a doddery Polo trying to get your pet back by completing various platform levels. Unusually, though, when you die the game rewinds so you can change the level by swiping the panels...
112 Operator
Release Date: 23/04/2020, updated in 2020
Genres: Role-Playing, Simulation and Strategy
Developer: @JutsuGames
112 Operator and its predecessor, 911 Operator, are strategy games that put you in control of the emergency services as they fight natural disasters, crime and terrorism. You choose how to deal with each scenarios and work your way up the chain of...
Triple Town
Release Date: 14/10/2010, updated in 2012
Genres: Creative, Puzzle and Strategy
Accessibilty: 19 features
Developer: @SpryFox
Triple Town is a puzzle game where you expand an empire by building cities in a limited space. You combine lower value pieces into better ones to improve your city and make best use of available space. It's simple and quick to pick up but requires...
Lifelike
Rating: Not rated by PEGI
Release Date: 25/10/2019
Platforms: Mac and iOS Apple Arcade
Genres: Simulation
Accessibilty: 15 features
Developer: @KunabiB
Lifelike: Chapter One is a light-touch simulation game where you interact with flocking particles to create a soothing and meditative experience. It's an exercise in attending to something playful and the pleasure and escape that come from this.
Spitkiss
Release Date: 06/11/2018
Genres: Narrative and Platform
Accessibilty: 23 features
Developer: @TripleTopping
Spitkiss is a game where you control a ball of saliva around the dangerous interior of different organs. The spittle is the carrier of a message of love and hope between people, but it can only get there if you precisely aim and navigate the different... | https://www.taminggaming.com/search/accessibility/27-One+Motion+Targeted/platforms/Mac |
Can we help but "judge a book by its cover?" Recent neural evidence suggests that we do this fairly quickly and perhaps without even realizing it. As Rudoy and Paller ([@B3]) recently demonstrated, people judge the trustworthiness of a stranger\'s face with dual pathways. One pathway quickly processes the physical characteristics of the face, while a second, slower pathway processes information that has been learned about the owner of the face. These data contribute to a growing literature on the neural basis of trustworthiness judgments. Much like judgments of attractiveness, judgments of trustworthiness happen especially quickly compared to other trait judgments and occur even when people are not explicitly asked to evaluate trustworthiness (Winston et al., [@B7]; Willis and Todorov, [@B6]). Together, these findings raise a number of questions about the "dual nature" of the neural pathways that contribute to trustworthy judgments, and how these pathways are modulated by socioemotional contexts.
Rudoy and Paller ([@B3]) show that "perceptual" information (i.e., pictures of faces) is processed more quickly than "memory-based" information (i.e., personality traits) when making judgments of trustworthiness from a face. In their two studies, they presented participants with faces that varied in stereotypical trustworthiness. Stereotypical trustworthiness reflects the extent to which most people perceive the face to be trustworthy (it does not necessarily predict actual trustworthiness: Zebrowitz et al., [@B8]). The faces were paired with either positive personality trait words or negative personality trait words. Participants then saw the faces again without the words and had to judge their trustworthiness. One study required participants to make these judgments with or without a time limit. When under a time limit, participants' judgments of trustworthiness varied less across faces that had been paired with negative, compared to positive, personality traits. However, the time limit did not affect the relation between physical appearance and trustworthiness judgments. A second study found that variance in the stereotypical trustworthiness of a face elicited different amplitudes of the ERPs from the anterior frontal midline location (Fpz) within 200--400 ms. The valence of the paired word was associated with different amplitudes of parietal ERPs at 800--1000 ms. Together, these findings suggest that perceptual information and memory-based information are processed at different rates and by different neural systems. These findings represent a new approach to thinking about the dual processes and pathways that contribute to trustworthiness judgments. For example, previous research has focused on neural distinctions that differentiated trustworthiness judgments depending on whether a person consciously intends to evaluate trustworthiness from a face (Winston et al. [@B7]).
What might dual processes characterized by differences in timing and content imply about how trustworthiness is judged? General models of judgment suggest that, in the interest of efficiency, faster information exerts more influence on final judgments, unless there are strong reasons to incorporate slower information (e.g., Tversky and Kahneman, [@B4]). Does the faster processing of perceptual information mean that it has a stronger influence than memory-based information on final judgments of trustworthiness? Intriguingly, previous research shows that people\'s judgments of the trustworthiness of a face are significantly formed after seeing the face for only 100 ms (Willis and Todorov, [@B6]). Even when given more time, people do not significantly change their ratings of trustworthiness, although they may feel more confident in their judgments (Willis and Todorov, [@B6]). So is this evidence that people are slaves to their first impressions when judging trustworthiness? Not necessarily -- these studies have only examined trustworthiness judgments based on faces and have not manipulated memory-based information. Therefore, it remains unknown whether trustworthiness judgments are relatively cemented by 100 ms, when both facial information and learned information are available to be processed. Furthermore, Rudoy and Paller\'s ([@B3]) study shows that some people prefer to use facial information, while others are more likely to draw on the personality trait information when judging trustworthiness. Therefore, it may not be the rate of information processing that determines trustworthiness judgments. Instead, future research may find that an individual difference that predicts preferences for heuristic compared to deliberative processing is a more powerful predictor of trusthworthiness judgments.
Another fruitful next step for neural research on judgments of trustworthiness is to examine how neural processing of different kinds of information is modulated by socioemotional contexts. For example, one implication of Rudoy and Paller\'s ([@B3]) findings is that the neural regions that represent physical characteristics of a face are more quickly engaged for judgments of trustworthiness than the neural regions that represent learned information. Is this the case or does it depend on the perceptual salience of physical characteristics? One can imagine real-world judgments, where information rather than physical features are more salient. For example, hiring decisions may be made on the basis of salient paperwork (e.g., resumes) and memories of a person\'s face during a previous interview. In such a case, would the stereotypical trustworthiness of the face still influence judgments in the same manner and show the same rapid neural signature?
A further question is: how familiarity affects judgments of trustworthiness? In other realms of social perception, familiarity modulates both neural and information-processing. For example, there are neural distinctions for making inferences about well-known others (compared to strangers), and for making inferences about strangers who are similar to the self (compared to those who are dissimilar) (Mitchell et al., [@B2]; Vanderwal et al., [@B5]). Additionally, people can more quickly access abstract trait information about other people who are close to them (when compared to people they know less well) (Klein et al., [@B1]). How does familiarity affect the neural and information-processing that contribute to trustworthiness judgments? It may be that the greater accessibility of learned information for familiar others affects the relative timing or engagement of pathways, which process "perceptual" and "memory-based" information for trustworthiness judgments. Future research might manipulate familiarity by including faces of well-known others and strangers, or faces of ingroup and outgroup members.
Rudoy and Paller ([@B3]) contribute to a growing body of research that sets the stage for how perceptual and memory-based information may be processed differently for trustworthiness judgments. This research suggests that, like so many other judgments, both heuristic and deliberative processing contribute to trustworthiness judgments. Our understanding of the neural basis of these dual processes will be deepened by future research examining these processes across different socioemotional contexts.
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I love the idea of making, inventing and tinkering. Just watch kids who are immersed in the activities and you can see the engagement. But is the learning authentic and relevant?
I presented three sessions at the Free Maker Movement event at One Work Place on Wednesday, September 30, 2015 with some amazing educators who presented hands-on activities. The event will took place at our Oakland Center for Active Learning .
I decided I needed to spend some time researching where the Maker Movement was happening and find examples of authentic learning. This gave me the opportunity to talk to several of my friends and share how they have transformed learning spaces to Makerspaces. Everyone I talked to made a point that it is about creativity not consumption. Yet when I went to different Maker events, I saw activities that an adult set up, purchased a kit or provided directions for activities. They were all fun, but I was having trouble seeing the connections to real learning or any ownership from kids.
I read Jackie Gerstein‘s post: MAKE STEAM: Giving Maker Education Some Context where she wrote “recent discussions with other educators and administrators made me realize that the idea of maker education is often vague and seems unrealistic in terms of regular classroom instruction.” She shared her thoughts of Maker Education in the context of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Math) where teachers integrate maker projects into their classrooms. Read her blog and check out the Thinglink by clicking on the dots for more information.
@jackiegerstein
I reached out to Shannon McClintock Miller, @shannonmiller, who is a Teacher Librarian at Van Meter Elementary in Iowa. Shannon stretches the imagination of children and manages the Library Voice as a place to be heard through creating, technology, connecting, reading, collaborating and noise. I love her quote:
“We as librarians and educators and as people
who care about young people need to CHANGE!”
Shannon emphasizes the power of story where learners can play with content, media, narratives, remix, mashup and then tell their story. She encourages her learners to connect to the story in different ways: Skype with authors, create their own stories, and publish eBooks. One learner loved the “I Spy” books and wanted to Skype with the author “Jean Marzollo so Shannon set it up. What came out of the Skype was for learners to create their own “I Spy” book for Van Meter School.
Shannon redesigned the library to move to creative, innovative spaces: Makerspaces around the concept of stories. Learners took their iPads and used an Augmented Reality program, Layar, to add multimedia to texts, posters, and books. She found different apps and organized them in a Digital Makerspace using Symbaloo. After pulling together different Makerspace activities, Shannon wanted a way to provide opportunities for making in the classroom. So she created Makerspaces Mobile bags that teachers could pick up and use in their classrooms.
Laura Fleming, @NMHS_lms, is a Teacher Librarian at Milford High School in New Jersey who is a strong advocate of using New Media and Vanguard Techniques for Interactive and Transmedia (multi-platform) Storytelling. Her website is Worlds of Learning. She wrote the book World of Making where you can find invaluable guidance for creating a vibrant Makerspace on any budget. The book includes practical strategies and anecdotal examples that help you:
- Create an action plan for your own personalized Makerspace
- Align activities to standards
- Showcase learner creations
Laura’s goal is to create learning experiences that empower and equip students with necessary skills to effectively produce and consume content across multiple media platforms. She went from K-8 to the high school to a library that was very traditional that was under-utilized.
In less than two months she transformed the library by just adding activities aligned to classroom instruction. She even used DonorsChoose to purchase a 3D printer and provides multiple suggestions to build your own makerspace.
Diana Rendina, @DianaLRendina, is a Media Specialist/Librarian at Stewart Middle Magnet School in Tampa, Florida. Diana is passionate about school libraries being places for students to discover, learn, grow, create, connect and collaborate. She shares her journey on her blog, Renovated Learning: Building a Culture of Creativity and Discovery in Education. She has worked to transform her school’s library from a quiet, dusty, cluttered room into a vibrant and active learning space where students want to be. In 2014, she created a Makerspace in her library to serve as an informal STEM learning space for her students.
Diana shared how their Makerspace has changed, grown and evolved since it was first conceived and started in January 2014. Follow along with the story of their journey here. Hopefully it will inspire you to start your own Maker journey.
This is just the beginning and a short overview of how libraries are transforming to Makerspaces. But one thing I did find from talking to Jackie, Shannon, Laura and Diana is that the librarian’s role is changing and Makerspaces can connect to learning. The Library is changing and bringing stories to life. Makerspaces can be digital and mobile. If Teachers and Librarian/Media Specialists collaborate on curriculum design, projects can be integrated in to STEAM and other curriculum activities. So this is just the beginning of my investigations how these Makerspaces can expand authentic learning activities. | https://barbarabray.net/2015/09/ |
Adding up the numbers in effective asset life-cycle management
Mathematical optimization has long been used in forestry to determine appropriate harvesting and planting, relative to the life spans of trees. The New Brunswick Department of Transportation is using similar methods to plan the long-term treatment of roads and bridges.
Anyone working in the transportation or civil infrastructure industries is most likely quite familiar with the management practice commonly known as “fix the worst first.” It’s a practice necessitated by aging infrastructure, insufficient funding and complex, competing priorities. With life-cycles that can stretch hundreds of years, these factors make informed decision-making and effective resource allocation daunting challenges.
Consider the complexities of monitoring deterioration: of roads, bridges, signs, sewers, etc. Then factor in their increasing use due to expanding populations and heavier volumes of traffic. Consider the boom-bust cycles that result in periods of significant expansion followed by periods of maintenance. Bear in mind adjacency issues: the proximity of pavements, culverts, sewers, curbs, sidewalks, pipes and signs to one another.
To put all of this into perspective, New Brunswick’s Department of Transportation (NBT), for example, maintains approximately 3,000 bridges across the province: some old, some new, all built to last a long time, and consequently with long treatment cycles. Which ones do you treat, how, and how often? Add to these considerations 18,000km of highways, 18 ferries, and 240,000 driveways and basins. The mathematical calculations become truly mind-boggling.
In 2002, NBT began looking for an alternative to this ongoing operational dilemma, one that would take into account the complexities of the province’s transportation network, and that would systematically deliver optimal treatment plans for all assets at the least cost. In conducting their research, officials looked at other transportation agencies, studying the successes and challenges of an array of asset management initiatives.
What they found was that while these engineering-centric transportation organizations were very good at making detailed operational judgments, they had yet to produce a model enabling optimal decision support at the strategic level.
A shift in culture
NBT recognized that a revolutionary asset management system would not come about without considerable change management and, in turn, a business framework within which to support that cultural shift. Drawing from best practices both in and outside the transportation industry, the team approached the system’s development with the following principles in mind:
- The 80-20 rule: Eighty per cent of decisions can be made with 20 per cent of the data.
- Performance-based measures: Monitor the long-term performance of assets using strategic, quantifiable measures and targets.
- Least life-cycle cost: Evaluate treatment alternatives, enabling the network of assets to function at the lowest cost over a predetermined period.
- Asset-centric data gathering: Establish sources of information related to design material, inspection, treatment and cost.
- Continuous improvement: Incorporate mechanisms to accommodate updates to deterioration models and asset inventory.
- Evolutionary implementation: Implement and evolve the system using prototype technology and pilot districts.
Acknowledging that these principles would require significantly higher levels of management efficiency, the project team devised a multi-step system for achieving it. Called the Infrastructure Management Maturity Model (IM3), the system measures organizational capability against industry best practices.
The objective is to institutionalize a culture of continuous improvement and ultimately lead to legislated least overall life-cycle costing. IM3 defines the procedures required to quantify performance, then uses this information to improve management decisions.
Looking beyond transportation to planning and practices employed in other industries, the project team took special note of the methods used by forestry experts, long recognized as leaders in sustainability management.
Of particular interest was the spatial-planning software used to build long-term models for managing forest lands. These models take into account complex factors such as habitat, biodiversity and watershed management.
Studying this software, the team gained insight into the intricacies of model building, asset dynamics, establishing objectives, and factoring in constraints. They learned what has long been known in the forestry industry: With multiple factors to consider in allocating resources, the only way to achieve true optimization is through mathematics.
They began to explore the differences between two main modes of planning: simulation and optimization. They quickly realized that simulation methods – using information systems, knowledge and experience to automate the planning process – were simply automating worst-first prioritization of asset treatment.
While simulation models serve a valuable purpose in operational planning, they are not sufficient for strategic-level planning that must take into account multiple treatment options and tradeoffs across various types of assets.
Optimization, by contrast, can enable holistic viewing of the entire planning horizon and consider what might be best for the asset network’s greater long-term sustainability.
Applying techniques initially developed to model forest lands, NBT implemented a software-based system that considers transportation factors such as deterioration curves and budget constraints, and is able to optimally manage the life-cycles of civil infrastructure assets.
Because it is designed to account for long-term sustainability, rather than a single point in time, it is especially adept at dealing with age-class distribution, a significant hurdle in the strategic planning of civil infrastructure. Age-class distribution is a period-in-time snapshot of various assets at different ages.
Periods of significant asset expansion or fiscal restraint are challenging to manage as they represent significant fluctuations in future preservation and maintenance funding. Their effective management, however, can make the difference between an increased infrastructure deficit and having no deficit at all.
Optimized planning addresses this age-distribution challenge by generating possible alternatives and automatically conducting trade-offs among asset groups.
Overall, best-case scenarios ideally distribute funding in a manner that eases the severity of the peaks and valleys. Planners are therefore able to determine stable funding measures.
For NBT, such mapping promises a transformation of operations, one that will enable department officials to put in place feasible one-year and four-year action plans, which in turn will contribute to a sustainable, strategic 40-year plan that New Brunswick can build on.
Kim Mathisen is assistant director (GIS), information management and technology, with New Brunswick Transportation; Mark Gallagher is senior business consultant, civil infrastructure; and Michelle Dunphy is consultant and business analyst at Xwave Inc.
Related content: | https://www.itworldcanada.com/article/math-for-mass-infrastructure-effective-asset-life-cycle-management/298 |
Christian ethics is based around God being the creator of everything thus genetic engineering can be seen as playing God so morally incorrect. This is because within the process of genetic engineering genes are altered thus not letting God play his role as the creater.This type of life would be considered as unnatural. Yet it could be argued that as genetic engineering is used to improve life it is a good thing therefore morally correct. | https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-notes/explain_how_the_principles_of_christian_ethics_may_be_applie |
Before the end of their lives, nearly 7 in 10 of today’s 65-year-olds will need help with basic personal care—bathing, dressing, and eating—and with household responsibilities essential for independent living, like shopping and preparing hot meals . The financial, emotional, and physical costs of providing long-term care often overwhelm families; unpaid family members supply most of it, struggling to balance these duties with work and other responsibilities. The most common alternative to home care is a nursing home, but a year’s stay averaged about $78,000 in 2007 , and public assistance is not generally available until the residents have exhausted all of their financial resources. As the nation grows older, it’s time to find a better way to care for those who need help as they age.
In 2004 Americans spent $135 billion on long-term care for older adults . Medicaid, the largest single payer, currently finances 35 percent of the institutional care and home health services for eligible adults who cannot pay the full cost themselves. Although Medicaid also offers home- and community-based services and a variety of nonmedical and social supports designed to keep people with disabilities in the community, most of the program’s spending on the aged and disabled is for institutional care .
Medicaid provides a fairly comprehensive package of services, but individuals must meet strict income and asset tests to qualify for coverage. Eligibility rules are complex and vary by state, but nursing home residents must generally surrender all of their assets, except for about $2,000, and all of their income, except for a small personal needs allowance that may not exceed $90 per month. Participants in special Medicaid programs may protect more of their income to cover community living expenses, but some states do not allow them to keep more than $637 per month , barely enough to live on. Medicaid beneficiaries with community-dwelling spouses are able to shield additional income. By requiring beneficiaries to turn nearly all of their savings over to the state, Medicaid discourages people from putting aside money to cover future long-term care costs.
Medicare is the other major federal program that finances long-term care, but it does so only under certain conditions. Medicare covers the first 100 days in a certified skilled nursing facility after hospitalizations and provides limited home health benefits, including medically necessary skilled nursing care, physical therapy, speech language services, and occupational therapy for homebound beneficiaries.
Given the limitations of public benefits, seniors and their families bear much of the cost. At $45 billion, out-of-pocket spending accounted for about one-third of all long-term care spending for older Americans in 2004 . This number would be even higher if family members—about 34 million in 2004—were not supplying much of the care for free . This responsibility usually falls to adult children: daughters and daughters-in-law account for about 36 percent of unpaid caregivers to all older Americans, and sons and sons-in-law account for another 16 percent . Nearly three-quarters of unmarried, older care recipients, most of whom are widowed, receive some assistance from their children.
The benefits of unpaid family care to older Americans are enormous, enhancing the lives of millions of frail adults and permitting many to live in their own homes instead of in nursing homes. In fact, a federally funded study found that, over a 2-year period, older adults who received frequent help with basic personal care from their children were about 60 percent less likely to enter nursing homes than those who received less support . The value of unpaid help from all family and friends totaled about $103 billion in 2005 .
Caring for Older Adults
Care responsibilities for older adults are time consuming. On average, daughters who serve as primary caregivers to their frail older parents spend about 266 hours assisting with basic personal care and household chores each month , more than most people spend at full-time jobs. Caregiving typically lasts about 4 years .
About one-half of those caring for their aged parents are employed full time , and about 57 percent of those who are employed report that they sometimes have to go to work late, leave early, or take time off to attend to their care duties . Another 17 percent found it necessary to take leaves of absence. Only about one-quarter of companies with 100 or more employers have programs to support elder care .
Re-Thinking the Current Payment System
The system I’ve just described barely works now, and will be under greater strain as the nation ages. The number of Americans age 85 and older—and at greatest risk for needing long-term care—will quadruple between 2000 and 2050 . The ongoing decline in family sizes, combined with historically high rates of divorce and employment among women, will reduce the availability of future, unpaid family caregivers and increase the need for paid services .
Policymakers can encourage Americans to prepare for their own long-term care needs or create a larger role for government financing or both. For example, Congress could enhance tax incentives for purchase of private long-term care insurance. Only about 9 percent of Americans age 55 and older currently have private coverage , and it covered only about 4 percent of older adults’ long-term care spending in 2004 . Tax incentives could boost these rates by lowering policyholders’ after-tax premiums. Recent evidence suggests, however, that such incentives would not significantly increase enrollment among low- and moderate-income adults .
The private market for long-term care insurance is beset by problems. First, the fact that Medicaid pays for expenses that exceed a care recipient’s financial resources discourages potential buyers, as does the inherent uncertainty involved in purchasing coverage for an event that will probably not materialize for 30 years, if at all. If consumers are able to look past these uncertainties and choose to enroll in long term care, they often find that benefits are inadequate to cover expenses. The private market also suffers serious adverse selection problems; that is, people who expect to need long-term care are more likely to purchase coverage and draw benefits, which drives up premiums and discourages those who don’t expect to need the coverage from buying it. Lastly, the system has high administrative costs.
These marketplace limitations suggest a role for the public sector. My colleague Leonard Burman, director of the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center, and I have proposed expanding Medicare to cover comprehensive long-term care services, including home and custodial nursing home care . Medicare expansions of this kind, however, would have to be properly funded through higher taxes.
We also need better supports for family caregivers. Additional funding for the National Family Caregiver Support Program, which offers information, counseling, and respite, and for Medicaid’s home- and community-based services would benefit many overwhelmed caregivers.
Conclusion
It’s not too late yet to create a workable long-term care financing system for the 78 million baby boomers because the oldest of them will not reach their 80s for another 20 years. Time is running out, however. The best solution would be to set aside money now, either publicly or privately or both, to cover these large, looming costs, reducing the financial and physical burden on the next generation of frail older Americans and those who care for them.
References
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Kemper P, Komisar HL, Alecxih L. Long-term care over an uncertain future: what can current retirees expect? Inquiry. 2005-2006;42(4):335-350.
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MetLife Mature Market Institute. The MetLife Market Survey of Nursing Home and Assisted Living Costs. New York, NY: Metropolitan Life Insurance Company; 2007. Accessed May 12, 2008.
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Congressional Budget Office. Financing Long-Term Care for the Elderly. Washington, DC: Congressional Budget Office; 2004. http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/54xx/doc5400/04-26-LongTermCare.pdf. Accessed April 14, 2008.
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Summer L. Medicaid and long-term care. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Long-Term Care Financing Project; 2007. http://ltc.georgetown.edu/pdfs/medicaid2006.pdf. Accessed April 14, 2008.
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Kassner E, Shirey L. Medicaid Financial Eligibility for Older People: State Variations in Access to Home and Community-Based Waiver and Nursing Home Services. Washington, DC: AARP; 2000. http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/health/2000_06_medicaid.pdf. Accessed May 12, 2008.
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Lo Sasso AT, Johnson RW. Does informal care from adult children reduce nursing home admissions for the elderly? Inquiry.2002;39(3):279-297.
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Johnson RW. The Burden of Caring for Frail Parents. Statement Before the Joint Economic Committee, United States Congress. Washington, DC: Urban Institute; 2007. http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=901078. Accessed April 14, 2008.
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Johnson RW, Toohey D, Wiener JM. Meeting the Long-Term Care Needs of the Baby Boomers: How Changing Families will Affect Paid Helpers and Institutions. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute; 2007. http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=311451. Accessed April 14, 2008.
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Johnson RW, Schaner SG, Toohey D, Uccello CE. Modeling the Decision to Purchase Private Long-Term Care Insurance. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute; 2007.
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Johnson RW, Burman LE. A Proposal to Finance Long-Term Care Services Through Medicare with an Income Tax Surcharge. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute; 2007. http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=411484. Accessed April 14, 2008. | https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/strains-and-drains-long-term-care/2008-06 |
Series:
Maria Andreou
This book investigates how bilingualism affects children’s language, cognitive and narrative abilities. The data sample derives from 209 8-12 years old bilingual children, in three different targeted languages (Greek-English, Greek-German, Greek-Albanian) along with 100 monolingual Greek children. The children completed baseline and experimental tasks measuring their vocabulary, grammar, cognitive skills, and narrative production abilities. The outcome of this work reveals that learning to read and write in two languages is beneficial for the development of language and cognitive skills. A strong case can be made to the growing bilingual communities in Germany and beyond to provide literacy training in both languages within mainstream schools, afternoon classes outside of the curriculum or in community schools.
5 Narration Task: Description and Coding
Extract
Three elicitation tasks telling, retelling in oral form and retelling in written form are used in assessing children’s narrative abilities. A vast body of crosslinguistic research shows that children start to develop narrative abilities early in life. However, it takes them beyond the age of 10 to be comparable to those of adults in their story telling. Many studies suggest that the skills needed for story telling are not only dependent on children’s development of their linguistic repertoire, but also on their cognitive development and their exposure to literate genres and modalities (Berman 2004, 2009; Berman and Slobin 1994; Hickmann 2003). More specifically, when we tell a story, we need to transpose the cognitive representation of the story in our memory into language by using the linguistic means available in the respective language. The Narration task increases in complexity when the common ground between narrator and audience is not available through extra-linguisitic cues, such as picture books, but instead needs to be created entirely by linguistic means.
The telling mode is considered to be more demanding than retelling, since the child is forced to create a story of his own making. With regard to this observation Schneider, Hayward and Dubé (2006) claim that the procedure of telling can provide a more detailed picture about children’s independent language skills. They claim that the retelling mode in oral form creates an umbrella of different domains that combine not only language abilities but cognitive abilities as well. However, the telling mode...
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Effective communication is important in any relationship, but it’s a requirement for admins and their executives. With so many mediums for communicating today, it’s more critical than ever before that you not only choose the right medium to deliver your message but...
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Clinical Innovation Accelerator
Accelerate is a ground-breaking support programme aligned with the Wellbeing of Future Generations Act and A Healthier Wales. Part funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Government; it focuses on the delivery of innovative healthcare solutions pan Wales.
Accelerate was established to facilitate the translational pipeline from the identification of ‘real’ healthcare needs, through to the delivery of evidence-based innovation. This is being enabled by collaborations between clinicians, industry, academia and the third sector, and is led by the Life Sciences Hub Wales and three partner universities across Wales.
Here within Cardiff University, the School of Medicine plays host to one of the Accelerate partners; the Clinical Innovation Accelerator (CIA). The CIA sits within the Clinical Innovation Hub and is supported by the Clinical Innovation Partnership between Cardiff University and Cardiff and Vale Health Board.
Expertise
CIA provides expertise in accelerating the delivery of clinically focused innovation through an experienced team of professionals with capabilities derived from academia, project management, research, health economics, engagement, industry, innovation and clinical practice. Close working relationships with academic experts, NHS Health Boards, and industrial partners, enables new ideas to be focused into real world clinical/ healthcare practices and procedures, aided through a user-centric delivery model. Adopting a user-needs approach to building projects underpins the likelihood of future sustainability and enhances the pathways to impact.
Outputs generated from CIA led collaborations are being realised through a range of platform and pilot-based projects, ranging from changes in clinical and sustainable healthcare practices, to the development of artificial intelligence applications, evaluations, and new product development. An array of data is being generated which may inform research-driven innovation beyond the initial projects. This includes an abundance of increasingly important real–world data, including patient-reported outcome and experience measures.
COVID Response
In the current COVID crisis, the CIA is demonstrating its situational relevance and responsiveness by contributing to the essential COVID work being delivered through Cardiff University’s category 3 laboratory. This is being actioned via the support for research associates to undertake this time sensitive work within Cardiff’s dedicated facilities.
CIA are supporting around 15 different COVID focused projects, including those undertaken outside of the lab environment. This includes technology-based applications such as the use of medical devices and virtual reality systems.
Value to Wales
CIA’s contribution to the Accelerate Programme is enabling distinct opportunities to realise and accelerate novel, innovative solutions, through effective research, development and innovation-focused collaborations. This work is underpinning a legacy of evidence-based healthcare innovation, delivering on Welsh government priorities, and supporting lasting impact across life sciences and health and care services in Wales. Through these effective collaborations, the sharing of expert knowledge, resources and processes is bolstering the translation of innovative ideas into sustainable solutions bringing value to Wales.
Case studies
These case studies highlight just some of the areas in which our clinical innovation is delivering positive impact:
Contact
For more information, please contact us:
Clinical Innovation Accelerator
@AccelerateCIA
Creating a step change in accelerating the translation of clinical innovation into improvements in health and clinical services. | https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/innovation/our-partnerships/cardiff-and-vale |
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Longitudinal studies of sleep during normal pregnancy and post-partum are rare, and interpretation of the findings is often hampered by methodological issues. Consequentially, there is still limited information on what constitutes normal sleep quality and quantity across pregnancy and early post-partum, for both nulliparous and multiparous women.
To quantify the change and variability in sleep duration and quality across pregnancy and post-partum for healthy nulliparous and multiparous women.
Nineteen women (eight nulliparous and 11 multiparous) wore an actigraph and completed a sleep diary to objectively measure sleep for seven nights during the second trimester, one week prior to delivery, and at one and six weeks post-partum. Mixed model analysis of variance and logistic regression were used to investigate changes in sleep across this timeframe.
The largest changes in sleep occurred in the first week post-partum (1.5 h less sleep than during pregnancy, three times more sleep episodes in 24 h, 70% of women regularly napping during the day, and greatest day-to-day variability in sleep). Compared to multiparas, nulliparas generally had less efficient sleep, spent more time in bed and had greater wake after sleep onset in the second trimester, and spent less time in bed and had fewer sleep episodes a day at one week post-partum.
These changes should be used to inform women about the extent of change in sleep, particularly early post-partum, and to help health-care providers identify women experiencing severe sleep loss and disruption and discuss possible coping strategies with them.
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17261094 |
II. OF THE TRUE GOD.
III. OF THE FALL OF MAN.
IV. OF THE WAY OF SALVATION.
VI. OF THE FREENESS OF SALVATION.
VII. OF GRACE IN REGENERATION.
VIII. OF REPENTANCE AND FAITH.
IX. OF GOD’S PURPOSE OF GRACE.
XI. OF THE PERSEl’ERANCE OF SAINTS.
XII. OF THE HARMONY OF THE LAW AND THE GOSPEL.
XIII. OF A GOSPEL CHURCH.
We believe that a visible Church of Christ is a congregation of baptized believers, associated by covenant in the faith and fellowship of the gospel; observing the ordinances of Christ; governed by his laws, and exercising the gifts, rights, and privileges invested in them by his Word; that its only scriptural officers are Bishops, or Pastors, and Deacons, whose qualifications, claims, and duties are defined in the Epistles to Timothy and Titus.
XIV. OF BAPTISM AND THE LORD’S SUPPER.
XV. OF THE CHRISTIAN SABBATH.
XVII. OF THE RIGHTEOUS AND THE WICKED.
XVIII. OF THE WORLD TO COME.
2 Timothy 3:16, 17; 2 Peter 1:21; 1 Samuel 23:2; Acts 1:16; iii. 21; John 10:35; Luke 16:29-31; Psalm 119. Romans 3:1, 2.
2 Timothy 3:15; 1 Pet. i. 10-12; Acts 11:14; Romans 1:16; Mark 16:16; John 5:38, 39.
Proverbs 30:5, 6; John 17:17; Revelation 22:18, 19; Romans 3:4.
Romans 2:12; John 12:47, 48; 1 Corinthians 4:3, 4; Luke 10:10-16; xii. 47, 48.
Philippians 3:16; Ephesians 4:3-6; Philippians 2:1, 2; 1 Corinthians 1:10; 1 Pet. iv. 11.
1 John 4:1; Isaiah 8:20; 1 Thess. v. 21; 2 Corinthians 13:5; Acts 17:11; 1 John 4:6; Jude 3. 5; Ephesians 6:17; Psalm 119:59, 60; Philippians 1:9-11.
John 4:24; Psalm 147:5; lxxxiii. 18; Hebrews 3:4; Romans 1:20; Jeremiah 10:10.
Exodus 15:11; Isaiah 6:3; 1 Pet. i. 15, 16; Revelation 4:6-8.
Mark 12:30; Revelation 4:11; Matthew 10:37; Jeremiah 2:12, 13.
Matthew 28:19; John 15:26; 1 Corinthians 12:4-6; 1 John 5:7.
John 10:30; v. 17; xiv. 23; xvii. 5, 10; Acts 5:3, 4; 1 Corinthians 2:10, 11; Philippians 2:5, 6.
Ephesians 2:18; 2 Corinthians 13:14; Revelation 1:4, 5; comp. ii., vii.
Genesis 1:27; i. 31; Ecclesiastes 7:29; Acts 16:26; Genesis 2:16.
Romans 5:19; John 3:6; Psalm 51:5; Romans 5:15-19; viii. 7.
Isaiah 53:6; Genesis 6:12; Romans 3:9-18.
Ephesians 2:1-3; Romans 1:18; i. 32; ii. 1-16; Galatians 3:10; Matthew 20:15.
Ezekiel 18:19, 20; Romans 1:20; iii. 19; Galatians 3:22.
Ephesians 2:5; Matthew 18:11; 1 John 4:10; 1 Corinthians 3:5-7; Acts 15:11.
John 3:16; i. 1-14; Hebrews 4:14; xii. 24.
Philippians 2:6, 7; Hebrews 2:9; ii. 14; 2 Corinthians 5:21.
Isaiah 42:21; Philippians 2:8; Galatians 4:4, 5; Romans 3:21.
Isaiah 53:4, 5; Matthew 20:28; Romans 4:25; iii. 21-26; 1 John 4:10; ii. 2; 1 Corinthians 15:1-3; Hebrews 9:13-15.
Hebrews 1:8; i. 3; viii. 1; Colossians 3:1-4.
Hebrews 7:25; Colossians 2:9; Hebrews 2:18; vii. 26; Psalm 89:19; xiv.
Acts 13:39; Isaiah 3:11, 12; Romans 8:1.
Romans 5:17; Titus 3:5, 6; 1 Pet. iii. 7; 1 John 2:25; Romans 5:21.
Romans 4:4, 5; v. 21; vi. 23; Philippians 3:7-9.
Romans 5:19; iii. 24-26; iv. 23-25; 1 John 2:12.
Romans 5:1, 2; v. 3; v. 11; 1 Corinthians 1:30, 31; Matthew 6:33; 1 Timothy 4:8.
Romans 16:26; Mark 1:15; Romans 1:15-17.
John 5:40; Matthew 23:37; Romans 9:32; Proverbs 1:24; Acts 13:46.
John 3:19; Matthew 11:20; Luke 19:27; 2 Thessalonians 1:8.
John 3:3; iii. 6, 7; 1 Corinthians 1:14; Revelation 8:7-9; xxi. 27.
2 Corinthians 5:17; Ezekiel 36:26; Deuteronomy 30:6; Romans 2:28, 29; v. 5; 1 John 4:7.
John 3:8; i. 13; James 1:16-18; 1 Corinthians 1:30; Philippians 2:13.
1 Pet. i. 22-25; 1 John 5:1; Ephesians 4:20-24; Colossians 3:9-11.
Ephesians 5:9; Romans 8:9; Galatians 5:16-23; Ephesians 3:14-21; Matthew 3:8-10; vii. 20; 1 John 5:4, 18.
Mark 1:15; Acts 11:18; Ephesians 2:8; 1 John 5:1.
John 16:8; Acts 2:37, 38; xvi. 30, 31.
Luke 18:13; xv. 18-21; James 4:7-10; 2 Corinthians 7:11; Romans 10:12, 13; Psalm 51.p> Romans 10:9-11; Acts 3:22, 23; Hebrews 4:14; Psalm 2:6; Hebrews 1:8; viii. 25; 2 Timothy 1:12.
2 Timothy 1:8, 9; Ephesians 1:3-14; 1 Pet. i. 1, 2; Romans 11:5, 6; John 15:15; 1 John 4:19; Hosea 12:9.
2 Thessalonians 2:13, 14; Acts 13:48; John 10:16; Matthew 20:16; Acts 15:14.
Exodus 33:18, 19; Matthew 20:15; Ephesians 1.ll; Romans 9:23, 24; Jeremiah 31:3; Romans 11:28, 29; James 1:17, 18; 2 Timothy 1:9; Romans 11:32-36.
l 1 Corinthians 4:7; i. 26-31; Romans 3:27; iv. l6; Colossians 3:12; 1 Corinthians 3:5-7; xv. 10; 1 Pet. v. 10; Acts 1:24: 1 Thess. ii. 13; 1 Pet. ii. 9; Luke 18:7; John 15:10; Ephesians 1:16; 1 Thess. ii. 12.
2 Timothy 2:10; 1 Corinthians 9:22; Romans 8:28-30; John 6:37-40; 2 Peter 1:10.
Romans 8:28-30; Isaiah 42:16; Romans 11:29.
2 Peter 1:10, 11; Philippians 3:12; Hebrews 6:11.
1 Thess. iv. 3; 1 Thess. v. 23; 2 Corinthians 7:1; xiii. 9; Ephesians 1:4.
Proverbs 4:18; 2 Corinthians 3:18; Hebrews 6:1; 2 Peter 1:5-8; Philippians 3:12-16.
John 2:29; Romans 8:5; John 3:6; Philippians 1:9-11; Ephesians 1:13, 14.
Philippians 2:12, 13; Ephesians 4:11, 12; 1 Pet. ii. 2; 2 Peter 3:18; 2 Corinthians 13:5; Luke 11:35; ix. 23; Matthew 26:41; Ephesians 6:18; iv. 30.
John 8:31; 1 John 2:27, 28; iii. 9; v. 18.
1 John 2:19; John 13:18; Matthew 13:20, 21; John 6:66-69; Job 17:9.
Romans 8:28; Matthew 6:30-33; Jeremiah 32:40; Psalm 121:3; xci. 11, 12.
Philippians 1:6; ii. 12, 13; Jude 24, 25; Hebrews 1:14; 2 Kings 6:16; Hebrews 13:5; 1 John 4:4.
Romans 3:31; Matthew 5:17; Luke 16:17; Romans 3:20; iv. 15.
Romans 7:12; vii. 7, 14, 22; Galatians 3:21; Psalm 119.p> Romans 8:7, 8; Joshua 24:19; Jeremiah 13:23; John 6:44; v. 44.
Romans 8:2, 4; x. 4; 1 Timothy 1:5; Hebrews 8:10; Jude 20, 21; Hebrews 12:14; Matthew 16:17, 18; 1 Corinthians 12:28.
1 Corinthians 1:1-13; Matthew 18:17; Acts 5:11; viii. 1; xi. 31; 1 Corinthians 4:17; xiv. 23; 3 John 1 Timothy 3:5.
Acts 2:41, 42; 2 Corinthians 8:5; Acts 2:47; 1 Corinthians 5:12, 13.
1 Corinthians 11:2; 2 Thessalonians 3:6; Romans 16:17-20; 1 Corinthians 11:23; Matthew 18:15-20; 1 Corinthians 5:6; 2 Corinthians 2:7; 1 Corinthians 4:17.
Matthew 28:20; John 14:15; xv. 12; 1 John 4:21; John 14:21; 1 Thess. iv. 2; 2 John Galatians 6:2; all the Epistles.
Ephesians 4:7; 1 Corinthians 14:12; Philippians 1:27; 1 Corinthians 12:14.
Philippians 1:1; Acts 14:23; xv. 22; 1 Timothy 3. Titus 1.p> Acts 8:36-39; Matthew 3:5, 6; John 3:22, 23; iv. 1, 2; Matthew 28:19; Mark 16:16; Acts 2:38; viii. 12; xvi. 32-34; xviii. 8.
Matthew 28:10; Acts 10:47, 48; Galatians 3:27, 28.
Romans 6:4; Colossians 2:12; 1 Pet. iii. 20, 21; Acts 22:16.
Acts 2:41, 42; Matthew 28:19, 20; Acts and Epistles.
1 Corinthians 11:20; Matthew 26:26-29; Mark 14:22-25; Luke 22:14-20.
1 Corinthians 11:28; v. 1, 8; x. 3-32; xi. 17-32; John 6:26-71.
Acts 20:7; Genesis 2:3; Colossians 2:16, 17; Mark 2:27; John 20:19; 1 Corinthians 16:1, 2.
Exodus 20:8; Revelation 1:10; Psalm 118:24.
Isaiah 58:13, 14; lvi. 2-8.
Hebrews 10:24, 25; Acts 11:26; xiii. 44; Leviticus 19:30; Exod. 46. 3; Luke 4:16; Acts 17:2, 3; Psalm 26:8; lxxxvii. 3.
Romans 13:1-7; Deuteronomy 16:18; 1 Samuel 23:3; Exodus 18:23; Jeremiah 30:21.
Matthew 22:21; Titus 3:1; 1 Pet. ii. 13; 1 Timothy 2:1-8.
Acts 5:29; Matthew 10:28; Daniel 3:15-18; vi. 7-10; Acts 4:18-20.
Matthew 23:10; Romans 14:4; Revelation 19:16; Psa.lxxii. 1l; ii.; Romans 14:9-13.
Malachi 3:18; Proverbs 12:26; Isaiah 5:20; Genesis 18:23; Jeremiah 15:19; Acts 10:34, 35; Romans 6:16.
Romans 1:17; vii. 6; 1 John 2:29; iii. 7; Romans 6:18, 22; 1 Corinthians 11:32; Proverbs 11:31; 1 Pet. iv. 17, 18.
1 John 5:19; Galatians 3:10; John 3:36; Isaiah 57:21; Psalm 10:4; Isaiah 55:6, 7.
Proverbs 14:32; Luke 16:25; John 8:21-24; Proverbs 10:24; Luke 12:4, 5; ix. 23-26; John 12:25, 26; Ecclesiastes 3:17; Matthew 7:13, 14.
1 Pet. iv. 7; 1 Corinthians 7:29-31; Hebrews 1:10-12; Matthew 24:35; 1 John 2:17; Matthew 28:20; xiii. 39, 40; 2 Peter 3:3-13.
Acts 1:11; Revelation 1:7; Hebrews 9:28; Acts 3:21; 1 Thess. iv. 13-18; v. 1-11.
Acts 24:15; 1 Corinthians 15:12-59; Luke 14:14; Daniel 12:2; John 5:28, 29; vi. 40; xi. 25, 26; 2 Timothy 1:10; Acts 10:42.
Matthew 13:49; xiii. 37-43; xxiv. 30, 31; xxv. 31-33.
Matthew 25:35-41; Revelation 22:11; 1 Corinthians 6:9, 10; Mark 9:43-48; 2 Peter 2:9; Jude 7; Philippians 3:19; Romans 6:32; 2 Corinthians 5:10, 11; John 4:36; 2 Corinthians 4:18.
Romans 3:5, 6; 2 Thessalonians 1:6-12; Hebrews 6:1, 2; 1 Corinthians 4:5; Acts 17:31; Romans 2:2-16; Revelation 20:11, 12; 1 John 2:28; iv. 17. | http://exploringthetruth.org/the-new-hampshire-baptist-confession/ |
The Cobble O Cargill / music by Andrew Robson ; lyrics: Traditional.
by Andrew Robson (2013)
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Product details
The Cobble O Cargill is one of eight pieces that comprise The Child Ballads, a song-cycle by Andrew Robson. Each piece in the cycle is based on the text of a traditional folksong text sourced from F.J.Child's 'The English and Scottish Popular Ballads'. Only the texts for each of these ballads has survived and Robson has set all eight to new music. While strongly influenced by the traditional narratives these pieces also leave some scope for improvisation.
Published by: Australian Music Centre — 1 facsimile score (7p. -- A4 (portrait))
Difficulty: Medium
Duration: 10 min.
The composer notes the following styles, genres, influences, etc associated with this work:
English/Scottish folk, World Music, Jazz
The Child Ballads: Child 242.
Typeset edition.
ISMN: 979-0-900978-35-6
Related products
This work is also available in the following products:
CD: The Child ballads / Andrew Robson ; featuring Mara Kiek.
- Browse other works for Unspecified voice with chamber ensemble
- Browse other works by Andrew Robson
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Be the first to share your thoughts, opinions and insights about this item. | https://www.australianmusiccentre.com.au/product/the-cobble-o-cargill |
The extremely unbalanced nature of the inflation, particularly in its early stages, supports the conclusion that the inflation was due primarily to a few special factors. Inflation caused by excess economic activity tends to proceed in a much more balanced way across the whole range of goods and services. While the existence of price controls may have distorted normal relationships, there simply was no serious inflation in 1973 except in those sectors which had special problems.
Further evidence that the inflation was not due to excess aggregate demand is found in the relation between inflation and the level of utilization of capacity of the economy.
The following chart presents the history of inflation and unemployment since 1954. Note that until 1973, the unemployment rate and the inflation rate generally moved in opposite directions. Over that period,
CALENDAR YEARS
Inflation
12 month moving average of CPI.
Unemployment
12 month moving average of the unemployment rate,
one could make reasonably good predictions of how the inflation rate would change simply by noting the unemployment rate. When the unemployment rate was below the 4.5 to 5 percent range, inflation accelerated; when it was above that range, inflation fell.
This data supports the conclusion that in the 2 decades before late 1973, inflation was caused by excess demand. When the economy expanded, the unemployment rate fell and the inflation rate increased. Since late 1973, a different relationship has emerged. Inflation appeared when the unemployment rate was not excessively low, and it continued to accelerate even when unemployment was quite high. Instead of excess purchasing power driving prices up, in the recent period the higher prices have reduced real purchasing power and forced cutbacks in production.
The price controls of 1973–74 offer an alternative explanation of the unbalanced nature of the inflation, since it was worst in those sectors which were uncontrolled. But if the inflation had been due to excess demand, one would have expected the unemployment rate to fall when the inflation rate increased. The fact that since mid-1973 they both increased at the same time supports the conclusion that the increased rate of inflation since that time has been due to cost factors rather than to demand.
SUMMARY TO APPENDIX Just as these higher prices caused production to fall, lower prices brought about by direct government action can cause production to increase. While there remains a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment, in the sense that general economic activity affects them in opposite directions, policies are available which can reduce both of these evils at the same time.
The unbalanced nature of the recent inflation suggests that it was caused by special cost factors rather than by excess demand. This conclusion is also supported by the fact that this inflation was accompanied by high rather than low unemployment rates. Since reduction in those prices that are directly controlled by government should have the opposite effect on the economy to that caused by the OPEC price increase, it should be expected that prices and unemployment can be reduced at the same time through a policy of direct reductions in costs. | https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=unh9lALUtMAC&pg=PA22&vq=%22the+hospital+insurance+trust+fund%3B+and+the+supplementary+medical+insurance+trust+fund.%22&dq=related:ISBN0857490168&lr=&output=html_text |
10,107 Canadians used our crowdsourcing tool to provide specific input for this report, which we added to feedback from the over 125,000 Canadians who have been involved in our wider privacy work.
Canadians from every province and territory took part in this project:
Our final survey comprised 8 questions, covering a broad range of privacy-related topics. These questions were shaped by input from a diverse group of privacy experts and public interest organizations.
Q1. How would you rank these Privacy Priorities?
The first question asked participants to rank six proposals in order of priority if they were developing privacy safeguards relating to government entities. We used a drag-and-drop tool format which presented the proposals in a randomized order to each new participant.
Participants ranked these six proposals in the following order:
- Require a warrant for govt to spy on personal information
- End blanket surveillance of law-abiding people
- More transparency around govt collection of personal data
- Tough penalties for when govt breaks privacy laws
- Privacy rules should be shaped democratically
- Independent oversight and review of spy agencies
In determining the aggregate rankings, each priority level (1-6) was assigned a corresponding numerical value, ranging from 0.6 for Level 1 to 0.1 for Level 6. Submissions from participants were then evaluated according to this scale, leading to a cumulative priority index (pi) for each proposal.
The following chart indicates the aggregate priority rankings for the respective privacy proposals:
By far the most preferred priorities were to require the government to obtain a warrant before spying on personal information, and to end blanket surveillance of law-abiding people. Both these priorities were significantly ahead of the other options.
The common theme here is a disinclination to support surveillance aimed at innocent citizens - Canadians clearly reject the notion of blanket ‘catch-all’ surveillance, popularized by the former NSA Director Gen. Keith Alexander’s phrase “collect the haystack and search for the needle later”. And Canadians perceive warrant requirements as the best way to prevent innocent people being caught in these kind of wide-reaching surveillance dragnets.
Interestingly, the order was somewhat different if we look solely at what participants chose as their top priority from the six options available. The following chart sets out the percentage of participants who chose each respective option as their top privacy priority:
Again we clearly see that ending blanket surveillance (28.1%) and warrant requirements (22.7%) came in significantly ahead of the other options available. Significantly more participants chose blanket surveillance as their top priority over any other issue. 15.5% of respondents chose “Privacy rules should be created democratically” as their top priority, while 13.6% wanted more transparency over government collection of personal data.
Q2. In what circumstances should government agencies, such as CSE, CSIS, or law enforcement, be able to access the sensitive, personal information of Canadians?
When presented with a range of options, Canadians overwhelmingly believe government agencies should require a search warrant based on evidence that a crime is soon to be, or has been, committed in order to access citizens’ personal information.
93.8% of participants chose this option, with just 5.4% willing to allow police officers to conduct searches based merely on suspicion. Only 0.4% believed personal information should be generally available to government agents, and a further 0.4% said police should be allowed to access information based on broad demographic descriptions (such as “all middle-aged white females living in Hamilton”.)
This is clearly a vocal endorsement of the robust approach taken to digital privacy in the Supreme Court’s R. v. Spencer case, and a rejection of government attempts, such as in Bill C-13, to make a wide range of personal information available to law enforcement without a warrant.
Q3. Do you think that government agencies such as CSIS and the RCMP should use public resources to monitor peaceful individuals, organizations, and advocacy groups not posing any known threat to national security?
This question was prompted by revelations that, according to documents obtained under the Access to Information Act, a wide range of civic interest groups had been subject to sustained surveillance from CSIS and the RCMP over a lengthy time period. Groups subjected to surveillance included the Council of Canadians, the Dogwood Initiative, the Sierra Club of British Columbia, and ForestEthics Advocacy.
The surveillance took place despite RCMP analysts concluding that they had “not identified any threats or criminal activity”.
Participants were overwhelmingly opposed to the use of public funds to monitor peaceful individuals, organizations, and advocacy groups. 92.2% opposed using public resources in this way. Just 2.2% supported the concept, while 5.5% said they were not sure.
Q4. What scrutiny mechanisms do you believe are appropriate to ensure spy agencies like CSE and CSIS are held accountable to taxpayers? (check all that apply)
Our fourth question asked participants whether or not they supported implementing a range of potential proposals aimed at improving the public accountability of surveillance agencies like CSE and CSIS.
The options presented covered improved oversight, Parliamentary Review, establishing a U.K.-style Information Commission, public disclosure, and stronger powers for agencies tasked with safeguarding privacy. Respondents could pick more than one of these options.
Of the 1772 participants who responded to this question, there were strong majorities in favour of each of the proposals set out.
- 87.8% favoured empowering an independent, arms-length body to oversee spy agencies and issue regular reports to the Canadian public that are not subject to pre-approval from the government of the day.
- 81.8% favoured requiring spy agencies to publicly disclose how many times they intercept Canadians’ personal communications, and what they are doing to protect our privacy.
- 71.3% favoured stronger powers and greater resources for agencies tasked with safeguarding Canadians’ privacy.
- 63.9% favoured establishing a cross-party committee of MPs to provide stronger parliamentary review of spy agency activities.
- 62.2% favoured establishing a U.K.-style Interception Commissioner to review the interception of communications and the acquisition and disclosure of communications data by intelligence agencies.
The greatest degree of consensus was around proposals to improve independent oversight of spy agencies, and to ensure that spy agencies themselves are required to disclose how often they intercept the personal communications of Canadians.
Notably, there was a significantly higher majority in favour of achieving independent oversight through an independent, arms-length body rather than through a cross-party committee of MPs or a U.K.-style Interception Commissioner.
Q5. What do you believe a new, pro-privacy law (or reforms to existing laws) needs to include if it is to effectively safeguard our privacy from government entities? (check all that apply)
This question focused on what respondents believed any new pro-privacy reforms should include if they were to effectively safeguard Canadians’ privacy from the government. Again, respondents could pick more than one option if they wished.
Of the 1764 participants who responded to this question, strong majorities expressed support for each of the proposed new safeguards:
- 94.7% favoured rules to prevent telecom companies from handing their customers’ personal information to third parties (e.g. copyright trolls) without a court order.
- 89.1% favoured ensuring all surveillance activities require a warrant approved by a judge.
- 89.1% favoured forbidding the government from spying on the private communications and activities of law-abiding citizens, whether domestically or through international partners, without a warrant issued by an open court.
- 83.1% favoured requiring government agents at all levels to document all activities, decisions, and processes that may impact on the privacy of law-abiding Canadians.
- 80.4% favoured ensuring the government notifies law-abiding Canadians when it requests their personal information from telecom providers.
- 79% favoured stronger protections to prevent agencies like CSE, CSIS, and the RCMP from collecting the sensitive personal information of Canadians.
Again we see a strong demand that a warrant or court order should be required before government agencies or other third parties can access the personal information of Canadians.
This is in line with responses to questions 1 and 2, where warrant requirements were also heavily favoured.
Q6. Earlier this year, the Privacy Commissioner made a number of key recommendations to help safeguard Canadians’ privacy from spy agencies including CSE. Which of these recommendations do you believe should be implemented?
In January 2014, the then federal Privacy Commissioner Chantal Bernier published a Special Report to Parliament entitled Checks and Controls: Reinforcing Privacy Protection and Oversight for the Canadian Intelligence Community in an Era of Cyber-Surveillance.
Pointing out that the Privacy Act remains “essentially unrevised since 1983”, Commissioner Bernier stated that:
The aim of renewal in this area should be to protect privacy in a complex threat environment; oversee collection so that it is reasonable, proportionate and minimally intrusive; ensure appropriate retention and access controls (among both public and private actors); ensure accuracy of analysis; and control the scope of information requests and disclosures through specific safeguards, agreements and caveats.
Commissioner Bernier’s report made a series of detailed recommendations aimed at safeguarding Canadians’ privacy against this backdrop. The Commissioner’s key recommendations received broad support from the participants who responded to this question:
- 94.1% supported ensuring that an independent and non-partisan Parliamentary committee is empowered with the necessary security clearance to conduct a comprehensive review of existing oversight mechanisms - at present there is no independent oversight of CSE. Just 1.7% were against and 4.3% were unsure. (n=1737)
- 91.8% supported requiring CSE to produce regular unclassified reports describing its ongoing activities, and to publish statistics on the number of times they intercept Canadians’ personal information on behalf of other government agencies. Just 2.1% were against and 6.1% were unsure. (n=1686)
- 88.2% supported strengthening existing reporting mechanisms, including requiring spy agency chiefs to testify regularly before Parliamentary committees. Just 2.1% were against and 9.8% were unsure. (n=1740)
- 87.6% supported strengthening existing laws to “curb over-collection” of our personal information by government entities. Only 1% were against with 11.4% unsure. (n=1723)
- 84.2% supported preventing spy agencies from monitoring personal information published on sites like Facebook without a “legitimate reason”. 7.9% were against and 7.9% were unsure. (n=1732)
Each of the Privacy Commissioner’s proposals received widespread support— with particularly strong support for creating an independent, security-cleared, non-partisan Parliamentary committee to review how CSE is overseen.
Q7. The CSE Commissioner is responsible for ensuring CSE doesn’t break the law. He reports to the Minister of Defence, who also oversees CSE. Do you believe the CSE Commissioner should be made independent of govt agencies directly involved with CSE?
This question focused on the independence of the CSE Commissioner, whose office is responsible for making sure CSE doesn’t break the law.
Participants overwhelmingly wanted to increase the independence of the CSE Commissioner. 86.8% supported making the CSE Commissioner independent of government agencies involved with running CSE. Just 3.2% were against this proposal with 10.1% unsure.
Q8. Let us know your thoughts on what needs to be done to better safeguard the privacy of every resident of Canada against intrusion by government entities:
Over 600 participants used this open-ended question to provide us with often detailed feedback. We’re grateful to each and every one of them for taking the time— their input played a significant role in shaping this report.
While we don’t have the space to list all 602 responses here, the following comments provide a flavour of the feedback we received:
Soraya M. “Follow democratic principles and protect Canadians from being watched without a warrant or justification.”
Steve F. “If we spied on the government, imagine the crimes we'd prevent!”
Maureen Y. “Our electronic mail should have the same safeguards as our physical mail has had for over a century. The government should require a warrant to read any citizen's communication no matter the form of transmission of that communication.”
Andrew J. “I am a card carrying Conservative member that does not agree with the current direction and lack of transparency the Government is taking in regards to protecting the privacy of Canadians over the right to security. I do not want quick reactionary legislation as it does not fully take into account the citizens' rights and needs.”
Amanda T. “If you want my personal information, you'd better have a warrant first.”
Assya M. “We NEED to set up some good safeguards to protect citizen's privacy. Privacy is a right and one of the most pressing issues of this digital age.”
Jeff C. “We need oversight, from the courts, and from an independent privacy commissioner (with some real authority to take action when CSIS or the RCMP step outside of their boundaries).”
Linda W. “Too much information is poor information. Sifting through mega data requires too many generalities and leads to erroneous conclusions. Let's keep our security defence practical and respectful of Canadian values.”
David C. “A judge must be consulted each and every time a government agency wants to invade the privacy of individuals, and the judge must be free from government influence or interference.”
Katherine M. “The pendulum has swung WAY too far in the direction of limiting our privacy. Standards need to be adjusted to make privacy the default and transparency must be mandatory.”
Mohammed V. “Stop passing Bill C-13 now because it does not protect Canadians from cyberbullies, it violates their privacy laws. Bill C-13 is just a lie, to trick you into thinking that they will protect you from cyberbullies even though they are becoming the bullies by watching or monitoring all of your activities online and on multiple devices.”
Anne-Marie S. “Part of the deal in being a citizen of a free society is the expectation that our personal affairs and physical person are inviolable as long as we remain within the law. In addition, how can we realistically claim free speech as a right if the vast power of a government can be turned, as it so often has during Stephen Harper’s tenure, against a citizen who holds views that members of the government don’t appreciate?"
James N. “If I send a personal letter in the mail to someone I don't expect it to be opened and read by some government agent. The same privacy expectations should hold true for communication via the internet.”
Angela W. “Warrant required for all searches and requests for private information and strong laws punishing those who try to get around it and/or break the laws regarding privacy.”
Kay A. “Warrant, Warrant, WARRANT!”
Vincent R. “Try actually ASKING Canadians what we want to happen. By attempting to "force through" your unconstitutional bill by using the attack on Parliament as a scapegoat, you are letting terrorism rule over us.”
Konstantin V. “Do not spy on us, we are not in prison.”
Brian V. “These over-reaching laws have not helped Canadians. The security of where the information is stored is not reliable or safe. The actions taken have not been legal, transparent or ethical. Spy agencies are suppose to ignore regular and non-criminal people to focus on real threats. Not harass and criminalize innocent people. The Canadian government and spy-agencies can do a better job.”
Lorraine R. “Perhaps it would help if the privacy issue were made an election issue, during which it should be made clear this isn't about spying on 'the other guy' but could be about spying on anyone/everyone.”
Susan C. “Our sensitive, private information is being handed over at an alarming rate. Many are not even aware that it is being done. This has to stop. It is a violation of our Rights. It is unconstitutional. Many citizens are not aware of this and I personally have seen people become outraged, shocked and stand in disbelief when they are made aware that agencies like Border Security can access their medical records.”
Will F. “Get the prime minister to read the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Make sure he doesn't have a big fat felt marker on him. Or an eraser.”
Sandra B. “The govt needs to stop trying to spread fear and stop spying on law abiding citizens.”
Grant P. “The oversight committee should be made up of a body of 9 with 3 appointed by each of the 3 major parties. If not 9 then some equal number from each of the 3 main parties.”
Megan T. “Restriction of warrantless surveillance and data-mining, especially of non-publicly available information; non-partisan oversight of how entities perform/use surveillance; limitation on storing information and developing technical protocols for protecting and eventually deleting gathered information.”
Evan P. “We need to close the recently widened loophole that allows our spy agencies to ask other spy agencies to spy on Canadians on their behalf.”
Jawed I. “The government (whichever party is in power) must be transparent with all the activities they are engaging in that violate citizens privacy and must publish reports of their activities.”
Rachel C. “If the privacy rights of law-abiding Canadians are compromised we will have broken with perhaps the best descriptors a country can proudly bear: Strong & Free. Government in Canada needs to implement measures that raise awareness around our privacy rights and freedoms. They also need to do more to empower upcoming generations who value freedom of information."
Robert M. “In less than 25 years all privacy rights for Canadians will have vanished. If the people do not speak up now it will be too late.”
Mike G. “Individuals who suspect they are being monitored illegitimately should have access to a no-cost, independent vehicle to consider their case and report out as necessary with a result of - no illegitimate monitoring is taking place, or illegitimate monitoring is taking place.”
Roxane T. “It is clear that we need some kind of watchdog, with a bite, to protect law-abiding citizens privacy. Safety is never a good reason to spy on everyone.”
Kelly M. “It's simple. Clear and Transparent oversight. If people know their decisions will be scrutinized and that unauthorized or frivolous use of the power to invade citizens privacy will be punished then it won’t be abused.”
Mike T. “Items key to Canadians privacy as a whole such as the TPP treaty currently being decided behind closed doors should be transparent. The fact that industry lobbyists are writing the proposed legislation and we as the Canadian public are being kept in the dark is very disturbing.”
Janyce K. ”As to the very first question, choosing 1-6 priorities, you need a comment section on it. My opinion, they are ALL #1 priorities. Get the fear-mongering bureaucrats and 'security' officials out of our lives and keep them out..."
Duane M. “Bad things occur every day. Giving up freedom for the illusion of safety is not a good bargain. The people should not be afraid of the government, which already has way too much power.”
Derek W. “Government agencies and the individuals who work within them must be directly held accountable for violations of privacy. There needs to be jail time, not just financial penalties, as these penalties will be paid out of taxpayer coffers anyways.”
Sam B. “Basically, security should not be led by the party leading the government. It should be something made of a balanced selection of all elected MPs. Also, security and fear should never be allowed more importance than freedom and rights.”
Lauren V. “Collection of data should be restricted to information that people share publicly, unless there is reason to believe a crime may be committed, and in that case, a warrant should be required. The government should be required to destroy data on law abiding citizens after a short period of time.”
Heather I. “Don't just create the legal framework for bodies doing oversight. They must be given adequate funding.”
Jennifer L. “Ensure that anyone responsible for third-party review of CSEC has no stake in finding errors or not finding errors. Personal or professional affiliation with anyone within CSEC must be avoided to maintain transparency.”
Valerie B. “I think Canada would benefit immensely from having a national conversation about privacy rights more generally - why we have them, why it's important that they be safeguarded for everyone. I've heard a lot of "if you've got nothing to hide" talk, which I feel puts Canadians at odds with each other. When the government and the corporate owned media control the message, the voices of ordinary Canadians is lost, and in a democratic state we ought to be considering those voices in a conversation about how best to protect us all.”
Jocelyn N. “I think the "independent group" who monitors CSEC should be totally independent, not part of the government in any way, shape or form. They should be accountable to the public alone, especially if our tax dollars go into the development of said program.”
Brent M. “Protection of privacy and strong safeguards and oversight of any collection of private data is of paramount importance if our democracy is to thrive. We cannot forego our privacy out of fear. Without a court order issuing a warrant, no governmental agency should be allowed to request private data on citizens' communications or activities, and corporations or other 3rd parties who violate this privacy should be subject to legal sanction.”
Clara S. “During my years at UBC, I took several courses dealing with political issues in the Soviet Union. Spying on citizens and using fear tactics to keep people contained, obedient, and quiet should be a thing of the past. Should. I refuse to let fear make decisions in my life. I hope my political leaders do the same.”
Kevin C. “Blanket surveillance of Canadians who have broken no laws, and have not presented themselves to be a known threat should be banned. An agency should only be able to monitor an individual with Just Cause. Just Cause should be clearly defined and continuously monitored to reduce the use of loopholes and grey areas.”
Michael B. “‘Domestic spying’ is a euphemism for ‘police state.’ A police state is not the product of a government with a sound mind. Instead of scrutinizing the people of Canada, perhaps we ought to be officially scrutinizing our would-be officials before (and after) allowing them to assume responsibility for our representation.”
Sarah B. “I think the intrusion of the government on our rights to privacy is of utmost concern. I feel more threatened by the unchecked power of our government than by most other real or PERCEIVED threats. We need a government that is interested in the civil liberties and happiness of the population it represents.”
Marc K. “0% tolerance to government/RCMP/CSEC or any other agency, group, entity of the government, foreign or domestic, monitoring personal data. Personal data may be reviewed when: A crime has been committed, with a suspect then under investigation for said crime, warrant to glean past personal data issued by a judge, signed off by the head of an independent oversight group.”
Steve S. “A budgetary limit should be placed that adequately represents to value the agency provides Canadians. A billion dollar facility is just complete irresponsible spending. A billion dollars in health care would have saved more lives in one month than a spy agency could even help in several decades.”
Devon M. “A complete new draft of a new set of laws that would set multiple levels of safeguards and oversight, without requiring anything that would lead to government secrets being leaked.”
Patricia M. “I am really disturbed by the government's lack of transparency and accountability. We need independent, non-partisan oversight of all surveillance activities. And for there to be full public disclosure thereof; and further sharp penalties for intruding on the privacy of citizens without a warrant… I do not want to live in a police state. That is not what it means to be Canadian and I would like our government to remember that.”
Here is a sample of comments we received from participants at our high school event hosted by the B.C. Civil Liberties Association:
Sal R. “It is a threat to autonomy, trespass to the mind. Your most basic human right is your right to be yourself.”
Darragh L. “Privacy is important to me because I would like to not have every detail about me known. We are on the precipice of an Orwellian society.”
Michael F. “Privacy is an intrinsic human right. We shouldn’t be surveilled without reason even if it creates an environment of social control for an ‘optimum society’. It is Orwellian.”
Michaela: “No one should be allowed to go through your stuff. If you’re doing something wrong, get a warrant. The government would flip if you spied on their databases.”
Joyti D. “Privacy is important to me because I don’t want strangers to know everything about me.”
Felix C. “Privacy is one of the biggest constitutional rights we own, cousin to freedom of speech. No one should be able to delve into someone’s mind, not even our ‘democratically’ elected government.”
Alex S. “There are places where you should not feel threatened. For example, if you are on Facebook you shouldn’t be scared that something you say or post will have negative impacts against you. Though I do agree with monitoring dangerous targets with a warrant.”
Keenan S. “Privacy is important to me because it shapes my behaviour online, and it also allows me to participate in the online community without fear of being persecuted or spied on.”
Kurtis “Privacy is important because I’d prefer if the government didn’t know I went to an OpenMedia lecture about the trouble with Canadian government spying.”
Melissa B. “No one wants all their personal information collected and analyzed for the government to make a complete profile of you and everything you’re doing.”
Key input from organizations involved in the crowdsourcing process:
We also invited a range of organizations involved in the privacy sphere to provide input as part of our crowdsourcing process. Here’s what they had to say:
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B.C. Freedom of Information and Privacy Association: B.C FIPA is a non-partisan, non-profit society that was established to promote and defend freedom of information and privacy rights in Canada. Their top priority in terms of developing new privacy safeguards is Tough penalties for when government breaks privacy laws, followed by Require a warrant for govt to spy on personal information, and End blanket surveillance of law-abiding people.
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Canadian Access and Privacy Association: The Canadian Access and Privacy Association is a national non-profit organization whose goals are to promote knowledge and understanding of access and privacy laws and experiences in Canada. Their top priority in terms of developing new privacy safeguards is ending blanket surveillance of law-abiding people, followed by requiring a warrant for govt to spy on personal information, and privacy rules being shaped democratically.
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Canadian Constitution Foundation: The Canadian Constitution Foundation (CCF) is a registered charity, independent and non-partisan. They defend the constitutional rights and freedoms of Canadians in the courts of law and public opinion. Their top priority in terms of developing new privacy safeguards is ending blanket surveillance of law-abiding people, followed by requiring a warrant for govt to spy on personal information, and more transparency around govt collection of personal data.
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Canadian Institute of Access and Privacy Professionals: CIAPP is a volunteer-based organization run by access and privacy professionals. Their top priority in terms of developing new privacy safeguards is ending blanket surveillance of law-abiding people, followed by requiring a warrant for govt to spy on personal information, and tough penalties for when government breaks privacy laws.
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National Council of Canadian Muslims: The National Council of Canadian Muslims is an independent, non-partisan and non-profit organization dedicated to protecting the human rights & civil liberties of Canadian Muslims (and by extension of all Canadians), promoting their public interests and challenging Islamophobia and other forms of xenophobia. Their top priority in terms of developing new privacy safeguards is Privacy rules should be shaped democratically, followed by End blanket surveillance of law-abiding people, and Tough penalties for when govt breaks privacy laws.
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National Firearms Association: The National Firearms Association of Canada works for and with Canadian gun owners. The NFA keeps gun owners informed about current and pending legislation and ensures that gun owners know their rights under Canadian law. Their top priority in terms of developing new privacy safeguards is ending blanket surveillance of law-abiding people, followed by requiring a warrant for govt to spy on personal information, and tough penalties for when government breaks privacy laws.
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PEN Canada: PEN Canada is one of the 148 centres of PEN International. Founded in 1926, it has a membership of over 1,000 writers and supporters who campaign on behalf of writers around the world who are persecuted, imprisoned and exiled for exercising their right to freedom of expression. Their top priority in terms of developing new privacy safeguards is requiring a warrant for govt to spy on personal information, followed by independent oversight and review of spy agencies, and ending blanket surveillance of law-abiding people. | https://privacyplan.ca/conclusion/results |
The joint list in the Palestinian elections: opportunities and cautions
Palestinian circles have deemed that President Mahmoud Abbas’s recent visit to Qatar may lead to the reproduction of the idea of forming a unified list in the upcoming Palestinian elections, despite the fact that the idea does not have a common political basis, and does not allow other lists to compete. It also aims to keep the Palestinian situation stagnant, preventing change through elections, and recreating quotas between Fatah and Hamas.
This article discusses this option – what it is, who is calling for it, the position of Hamas, Fatah and the factions, and whether it has a national consensus, or whether it reproduces the division by creating quotas between them, without the rest of the Palestinian factions.
Hamas has declared its willingness to run in the elections while respecting the results, on the condition that they meet the conditions of integrity and fairness. It reiterated its willingness to adhere to the ballot boxes, without any fear of hesitations of engaging in any comprehensive elections, considering that these elections, regardless of whether the movement engages in them individually or under a joint list, will be a means to correct the strategic courses of the history of the Palestinian people.
Therefore, we have recently witnessed the issuance of several statements by Fatah and Hamas, that talk about their openness to the idea of a “joint list” in the next legislative elections, without specifying what the list or its political platform would be, thus overcoming the obstacles hindering its announcements.
READ: Palestinian elections must usher in a new era of unity and progress
While Abbas proposed to the Hamas leadership the idea of going into the legislative elections in a united list with Fatah and other factions, or with Fatah alone without the other factions, this raised doubts about its success, and even its credibility.
Some Palestinians believe that the purpose of announcing a joint Palestinian list is to dilute the political positions between Fatah and Hamas, escaping the entitlements of reconciliation, and evading repeated calls for Abbas to hold a meeting of the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) leadership. This means that the purpose of the list is not necessary in resolving the national Palestinian crisis, by establishing a united front and achieving reconciliation, but that its top goal is to politically contain Hamas.
Also, entering the elections with a single Palestinian list, led by the Fatah and Hamas, which will later include other factions and independents that wish to join, leaves 20-30 per cent of the seats to the lists that wish to run in the elections separately. While the formation of a unified list has been proposed since 2012, and was proposed again by Qatar’s Emir in 2016,........ | https://qoshe.com/middle-east-monitor/dr-adnan-abu-amer/the-joint-list-in-the-palestinian-elections-oppor/58304512 |
We’ve all heard the saying ‘the grass is always greener on the other side.’ That’s because the human mind naturally tends to focus on the negative rather than the positive. It’s easier for us to feel unhappy that our house is smaller than our neighbors than to feel happy that we are not homeless and have plenty to eat. But a daily practice of gratitude can help shift that balance and increase our happiness!
A great way to start is with the simple ‘Three Good Things’ technique: At the end of every day, set aside 5 or 10 minutes to look back on your day.
Write down 3 things that went well for you that day and reflect on how those things increased the positives in your life. These good things can be big or small. It doesn’t matter if they are major life events. The point is to create a regular habit of noticing and appreciating the positives in your life. | https://personalzen.com/three-good-things-3/ |
The tattoo of yin and yang may be one of the most viewed, at least, as far as symbols are concerned. This is not surprising if we pay attention to the fact that a very balanced and contrasting visual result is offered which is linked to a deep meaning and with which it is easy to identify.
The important thing about this design is that the complementarity is emphasized and that there is no one without the other. It is important to mention that the important thing in this symbol is that a white dot appears in the black zone and a black dot in the white zone. This shows what we mentioned earlier, it cannot be essentially a thing, but to be that thing you need the opposite. An example of this in order to better understand the metaphor explained with this symbol is that a good person, for example, will never be one hundred percent good, but that there will always be a point of evil, something that is inevitable in order to balance things .
Something cannot be completely, but everything needs its opposite to exist. There is no rise without a descent, a winter without a summer, loneliness without knowing what the company is and thus an infinity of elements that we could name in this list.
The yin and yang precisely stresses the equilibrium, although they are opposing forces they do not consume each other but when one enlarges the other also does, so you always end up finding the balance at the end. This is a concept very sought after by people who tattoo these types of designs, the importance of balance in all aspects of their lives, without forgetting that the extremes are almost never good and that the intermediates are usually the best option.
You cannot discriminate and say that yin and yang are opposing forces, since at a given moment they can change positions. Two clear examples of this may be when the day becomes night or when life becomes death. The existence of one is marked by that of the other and vice versa, in the same way it happens with people without the other we would not be anything, we need others to be able to grow and develop, it is also a reference to the human being as a social animal.
Although as we said at the beginning of the article it is a symbol that has been repeated many times in a variety of designs, we must be aware that you can always innovate and introduce new elements. By way of conclusion, yin and yang is an element with an attractive finish and that has a very relevant and deep meaning, although some people may not fully understand it, but it can be a good design to tattoo, although personally I would advise that innovate in some way, although it may seem difficult since the essence is in the color and shape, but you can add new elements or look for new areas of the body where you can tattoo it with different sizes.
Wonderful this design with letters of some oriental language such as Chinese or Japanese and this famous symbol.
Dolphins procreating a Ying Yang. As you can see here, Yin and Yang can be formed with any object or drawing. These two famous symbols complement each other and each person has one of them. Some have positive energy and another negative.
On many occasions we can see both symbols together and inside an orange sun.
Made of water and fire. Just what we said before: Although it may seem a lie, this symbol can be constructed from many designs.
Ying Yang next to a Chinese dragon. Yin and Yan belong to the Chinese tradition so combining it with any symbol of Chinese culture is also a good idea.
In the lower back and again formed by fire and water, which complement each other.
Several Ying Yang symbols on the left arm of this man next to two symmetric dragons and in the center we can see several Chinese characters.
Yinga Yang tattoos in various places of the body. Men also choose this symbol to tattoo their skin. Be careful that tattoos, it may be that in the future you do not like it and you can not remove it completely.
We have several designs on the forearm, arm and leg (magnificent for women) and a beautiful phrase that travels the arm from left to right.
In this case we can see the water but we don't see the fire and I really don't know what it is.
Ying Yang tattoo on a boy's chest. If you ever want to tattoo something on your body, you have to shave so that the tattoo artist has no problem.
Leaves with the colors of yin and yang.
Another symbol deformed by the lower and upper areas and totally different from the previous ones.
With the flag of Canada this time. If you are from another country, I am sure you can adapt this tattoo to do it with the flag of your country or with the flag of a country that you like very much. I love Switzerland so if I ever do it, the red cross may be a good option for me.
There are also with Japanese dragons.
A white dragon and a black dragon circling the symbol. The animal on the left is a panther.
Ying Yang of colors.
Dragon that surrounds one of these symbols.
Printed with tribal elements in the upper and lower area of the design.
Designs for women The majority of people who opt for these tattoos are women
A sun with red rays in contrast to the blue tone of it.
Dragon with a colorful yin and yang in blue and yellow tones.
Yin yang in small dimensions.
Nice design in red tones.
Ying Yang for the shoulders And now tattooed on the leg
Yin and yang with a background of blue waves.
Red and black dragon on this man's back.
Here we see another design, this time on a man, and with an evil dragon
Water and fire are two opposing elements such as black and white, so they appear repeatedly accompanying this symbol.
Original design of a yin yang in which water and fire are mixed.
Another tattoo with dolphins and it's already three or four
Ying Yang big
And Ying Yang very small surrounded by another symbol unknown to me at least.
Lion with flowers and the symbol of yin and yang.
Another small copy with a ying yang
Colorful yijn and yang with very colorful blue colors.
With frogs and other spectacular designs, many colors and also with gray colors
An original symbol design with a colorful stained glass sun with which it contrasts.
Yin and yang with great color and with a background shading that still highlights the main drawing. | https://clubtattoo.org/answers-questions/56-tattoo-images-yin-and-yang/ |
A popular social discourse in the United States is that play is important for children's learning and that parental involvement maximizes play's learning potential. Past research has concluded that parents who hold this view of play are more likely to play with their children than those who do not. This study investigated the prevalence of this view among Euro-American and immigrant Latino parents of young children in order to illuminate the extent to which it uniquely and uniformly motivates parent-child play. Parents' models of play were assessed through interviews and naturalistic observations in a children's museum. Analysis revealed ethnic group differences in parent-child play that corresponded with parental beliefs about play. Within-group analysis, however, revealed diversity in the ways that these play behaviours and beliefs came together to comprise parents' models of play. Discussion focuses on the social nature of play, the dynamic nature of culture, and the issue of individual subject validity. Implications for the interpretation of parent--child play in early childhood settings are considered.
- Parent/Guardian play
- Play assessment
Nielsen, M. et al. (2008) Adult modelling facilitates young children's generation of novel pretend acts (Journal Article)
The present work investigated the effect of modelling on children's pretend play behaviour. Thirty-seven children aged between 27 and 41 months were given 4 min of free play with a dollhouse and associated toy props (pre-modelling phase). Using dolls, an experimenter then acted out a series of vignettes involving object substitutions, imaginary play and attribution of properties. Children were subsequently provided with an additional 4 min free play (post-modelling phase). Consistent with past research, more pretence was exhibited after modelling than before. Furthermore, in the post-modelling phase, children were as likely to generate their own novel pretence as they were to copy the actions demonstrated by the experimenter. They also increased the number of novel symbolic acts involving imaginary play from the pre- to the post-modelling phase. This study highlights how young children will not only imitate a model's demonstration of pretend acts but also use this demonstration to catalyze the creation of their own pretence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | https://www.pedalhub.org.uk/publisher-or-journal/infant-and-child-development |
Stress parameters that can be measured noninvasively may help to identify poor welfare in dogs that live in private homes and institutions. Behavioural parameters are potentially useful to identify stress, but require further investigation to establish which behaviours are appropriate. In the present study, behaviours were recorded and analysed for signs of acute stress in dogs. Simultaneously, saliva cortisol and heart rate were measured to support the interpretation of the behavioural data with regard to stress. Ten dogs of either sex, different ages and various breeds were each subjected to six different stimuli: sound blasts, short electric shocks, a falling bag, an opening umbrella and two forms of restraint. Each type of stimulus had been selected for its assumed aversive properties and was administered intermittently for 1 min. The stimuli that could not be anticipated by the dogs, sound blasts, shocks and a falling bag, tended to induce saliva cortisol responses and a very low posture. The remainder of the stimuli, which were administered by the experimenter visibly to the dog, did not change the cortisol levels but did induce restlessness, a moderate lowering of the posture, body shaking, oral behaviours, and to a lesser extent, yawning and open mouth. Pronounced increases in the heart rate were nonspecifically induced by each type of stimulus. Heart rate levels normalized within 8 min after stressor administration had stopped. Saliva cortisol levels decreased to normal within the hour. Correlations between behavioural and physiological stress parameters were not significant. From the present results, we conclude that in dogs a very low posture may indicate intense acute stress since dogs show a very low posture concomitant with saliva cortisol responses. Dogs may typically show increased restlessness, oral behaviours, yawning, open mouth and a moderate lowering of the posture when they experienced moderate stress in a social setting. The nonspecific character of canine heart rate responses complicates its interpretation with regard to acute stress. | https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/stress/2/ |
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