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"Parkway Mall" is the building that houses several other County departments. The building is First Street and adjacent to the 2nd Street Parking Garage. You enter the parking garage via Brown St. Limited 3 hour parking is available.
Please observe City parking restrictions.
Visit Us: Our office is located at 1127 First Street, Suite D, between First and Second streets in Napa. Previously referred to as Parkway Mall, our entrance faces the Brown St walkway and faces towards Wells Fargo Bank.
For your convenience, the elevator to the second floor is accessed through the District Attorney Office lobby, right next door to our main stairway entrance door.
We urge you to call ahead of time and make an appointment to ensure appropriate staff is available to serve you.
Limited free parking is available in the Second Street Parking Garage, which is located at the corner of Second and Brown streets. | https://www.countyofnapa.org/380/Contact-Napa-CSS |
On January 10, 2013, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau enacted some new rules for mortgage lenders and borrowers. Starting in 2014, borrowers must fully document their income, as well as their ability to repay the mortgage debt.
Jan. 10, 2013 - PRLog -- The U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) recently finalized the first in a new series of mortgage-lending rules that will take effect in 2014. The first rule is referred to as the "ability to repay" rule. In short, mortgage lenders must verify and document a borrower's ability to repay the loan obligation.
The full definition of the ability-to-repay provision can be found on the CFPB website, and also on QualifiedMortgage.org, a not-for-profit educational website. Here is a brief overview of the new rules.
Required by the Dodd-Frank Act
In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was signed into law. It was passed in response to the financial crisis of the late 2000s. This act brought the most sweeping set of financial reforms since the Great Depression.
Title 14 of the Dodd-Frank Act calls for various reforms within the mortgage-lending industry, including the creation of a "qualified mortgage" rule, or QM for short. The QM rules are designed to reduce the level of risk within the lending industry.
The Dodd-Frank Act also created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and gave that agency the task of finalizing the new regulations. On January 10, 2013, the CFPB released the full parameters of the ability-to-repay rule, as well as an outline of the proposed QM requirement.
The Ability-to-Repay Rule
It has been well documented that certain high-risk mortgage products contributed to the housing and financial crisis of the late 2000s. So-called "low doc" and "no doc" loans are two examples. These are scenarios where the lender approves the borrower based on very little documentation. The borrower is essentially allowed to state his or her income, without the use of supporting documents.
The federal government has since taken bold steps to prevent a recurrence of the financial crisis. Within the context of mortgage loans, they are doing this by limiting or prohibiting certain high-risk features, such as low-documentation loans. The CFPB's ability-to-repay rule does exactly that.
At a minimum, lenders must now consider eight criteria when reviewing mortgage applicants:
1. Current income and assets
2. Current employment status
3. Monthly payment on the covered transaction
4. Monthly payments for any simultaneously occurring loans
5. Monthly payment for the mortgage loan itself
6. Current debt obligations (credit cards, car loans, alimony, etc.)
7. The borrower's debt-to-income ratio or DTI
8. The borrower's credit history (credit report and credit score)
All of these checkpoints are designed for the same purpose: The lender must ensure that the borrower has the ability to repay the loan, in light of his/her current income and debt situation.
The Qualified Mortgage (QM) Rule
In addition to the ability-to-repay concept outlined above, the CFPB has also published a definition of the qualified mortgage, or QM. This is another requirement of the Dodd-Frank Act. In short, a qualified mortgage is a home loan that has certain "safety" features built into it. The QM rule also prohibits certain high-risk loan features.
This rule will, in most cases, prohibit loans with the following features:
* Negative amortization
* Interest-only payments
* Balloon payments
* Payment terms exceeding 30 years
* Points and fees exceeding 3% of the loan amount
In addition, the consumer's total debt-to-income ratio must not exceed 43%. The total or "back-end" ratio includes all debt obligations (mortgage payment, credit cards, car payments, etc.).
This is a partial list of rules and provisions. For a more complete definition of the qualified mortgage and ability-to-repay rules, please visit QualifiedMortgage.org.
Lenders who adhere to the guidelines listed above will receive some degree of legal protection from consumer lawsuits. This will make it harder for consumers to sue their lenders in the event of foreclosure. It also gives lenders an incentive for adopting the QM standards.
About QualifiedMortgage.org
The concept of a qualified mortgage was first proposed in 2010, within the Dodd-Frank Act. But the rules were not finalized until January 2013. In the interim, a spate of rumors and speculations were circulated. This led to widespread confusion over the true definition and meaning of the qualified mortgage. The creators of the Home Buying Institute have launched a new website, QualifiedMortgage.org, to alleviate such confusion.
QualifiedMortgage.org is a not-for-profit educational resource for consumers, mortgage professionals and journalists. The website is frequently updated as new details emerge. It is a collaborative effort. Readers can submit corrections and/or additions, with fact checking performed by the site's editors. | https://www.prlog.org/12057071-government-releases-qualified-mortgage-and-ability-to-repay-rules.html |
What makes a great leader in the digital world?
Handling the rapid pace and increased cognitive demands of an “always on” business brings with it a wealth of challenges. To thrive in the digital world, organisational leaders need a diverse set of attributes.
Core leadership behaviours
Non-negotiable are the core behavioural requirements of successful leaders. These include:
- Ability to be future-focused and plan for the long term, as well as deal with day-to-day business demands
- Openness to new ideas
- Effective networking
- Capacity to make firm and timely decisions
- Communicating in a way that impacts, influences, and gets their message across
- Taking their people with them, by ensuring they buy into the organisation’s vision.
When exercising those leadership muscles, the key difference in the digital world is the impact of size, scale and speed.
The ‘digital leadership traits’ critical for success leading in this environment
- Humility and awareness of the benefits of learning from more junior employees who are digital natives
- Courage to take calculated risks
- Alertness to the commercial, operational and strategic benefits that digital enablement brings
- Creating an organizational culture that celebrates innovation and creativity
- Making sense of data from a range of sources and using it to tell compelling stories
- Embracing the benefits of a truly diverse employee pool.
As a result, there’s a shift in the cognitive requirements for leadership. Digital leaders must have the ability to:
- Absorb and understand information quickly
- Learn at pace
- Connect ideas, people, and opportunities seamlessly.
Essentially, leaders who truly ride the digital wave have to be motivated to continually learn about and embrace new digital enablements and opportunities, adapting as they go. | https://gulf-hiring.com/what-makes-a-great-leader-in-the-digital-world/ |
The microencapsulation process can be divided into two distinct stages— first, the creation of small particles and second, stabilization of the particles created. Microcapsules can be tailored to a specific application by using innovative techniques such as varying the polymer ratios or changing the molecular weight of the polymer, thus providing an optimal delivery system for food ingredients.13 Several functional food and nutraceutical ingredients have been or can be encapsulated, including plant extracts, flavors, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, vegetable and marine oils, probiotics and enzymes.
Functional properties of microcapsules are not only influenced by the chosen method of microencapsulation, but also the physical characteristics of the intended core and shell materials. Ideal encapsulating agents should exhibit good rheological properties; appropriately disperse or emulsify; properly seal and hold encapsulated material; and provide protection to the core against adverse conditions such as heat, light, humidity and oxygen. Although microencapsulation materials should be soluble in commonly used solvents in the food industry, the microencapsulating agents should not exhibit reactivity with the encapsulating materials.4,11,14 Maltodextrins, cyclodextrins, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, gum acacia, carrageenan, sodium alginate, wax and gelatin are examples of commonly used coating materials in food applications. It is common practice to use coating materials either in combination with or by adding modifiers such as oxygen scavengers, antioxidants, chelating agents and surfactants to achieve the desired functionality.
Multiple microencapsulation methods have been successfully used, including spray drying, spray cooling or chilling, solvent evaporation, polymerization, fluidized-bed coating, extrusion, lyophilization, coacervation and liposome entrapment.11,15,16,17,18,19,20 The selection of the microencapsulation method depends on the physicochemical properties of the core and coating materials, and most importantly, the intended application of the encapsulated ingredients.
Spray drying is perhaps the most widely used microencapsulation technique in the food industry; it is economical, flexible and produces high-quality microcapsules.21,22 In this process, a core material is dispersed or suspended in a coating solution, then the mixture is nebulized and subjected to a controlled stream of air.23,24 The circulating air in the chamber causes rapid vaporization of solvent and, in turn, forms a microencapsulated product. Typical equipment may include a spray dryer, heater, atomizer, spray chamber, blower or fan, cyclone and product reservoir.25 As with the food industry, this is the preferred method in the nutraceutical industry. However, there are some limitations with this technique, such as the limited availability of coating materials that can be used for applications, and it is not recommended for heat-sensitive core materials due to the high temperatures used during the drying phase of the process.
Despite the success and commonality of microencapsulation in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries—especially in the development of controlled and target drug delivery systems—this technology has only scratched the surface of the food and nutraceutical industries. As of now, in comparison, this technology is still far from fully developed, and has yet to become the method of choice when dealing with food and nutraceutical ingredients. Often the greatest challenge in these industries is with the selection of optimal microencapsulating techniques and encapsulating materials. Also consider possible microencapsulation challenges presented when moving from the bench scale to the manufacturing process. The development time and specific dedicated equipment required to invest in this technology can be substantial. The lower profit margins of the food industry in comparison to other market sectors become a factor when evaluating novel technologies.14,26
Although significant progress has been made in the field of microencapsulation, advancement is still required in order to further develop this technology. Improvements to existing microencapsulation methods, innovative coating materials and increased affordability will expand microencapsulation to achieve its fullest potential in the food and nutraceutical arenas.
Looking for ways to manage and reduce the risks in partnering with contract manufacturers? Join us for the Contract Manufacturing: Raising the Bar on Delivering Quality workshop on Saturday, Oct. 8, at SupplySide West 2016.
Naeem Shaikh, Ph.D., leads the formulation team and drives the research that helps inspire and propel the product momentum at National Enzyme Co (nationalenzyme.com). As an accomplished and published scientist, Shaikh leverages 28 years of renowned experience, with previous research ranging from microencapsulation to release methods for solid and liquid dosage forms.
References
1Burgess DJ, Hickey AJ. “Microsphere technology and applications." Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3rd ed. 2006;2328-2338.
2Kinam P, Yoon Y. “Microsphere technology and applications." Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3rd ed. 2006;2315-2327.
3Heinzen C. “Microencapsulation by prilling and coextrusion." Nutraceuticals and Probiotics, Technology Training Center. Basil, Germany 2002;28-28.
4Barbosa-Canovas GV et al. “Food powders physical properties, processing and functionality." Encapsulation Processes. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. 2005;199-219.
5Arshady R. “Microspheres and microcapsules: a survey of manufacturing techniques." Polymer Engineering and Science. 1989;29(24): 1746-1758.
6Gibbs BF et al. “Encapsulation in the food industry: A review." Int J Food Sci Nutr. 1999; 50(3):213-224.
7Jegat C, Taverdet JL. “Stirring speed influence study on microencapsulation process and the drug release from microcapsules." Polymer Bull. 2000;44:345-351.
8Bakan JA. “Microencapsulation of food and related products." Food Technology. 1973;27(11):34-38.
9Todd RD. “Microencapsulation and food industry." Flavor Industry. 1970;1:78-81.
10Balsa LL, Fanger GO. “Microencapsulation in food industry." Critical Reviews in Food Technology. 1971;2:245-249.
11Shahidi F, Han HQ. “Encapsulation of food ingredients." Critical Reviews in Food Technology. 1993;33 (6):501-504.
12Dziezak JD. “Microencapsulation and encapsulated food ingredients." Food Technology. 1998;42:136-151.
13Kirby CJ. “Microencapsulation and controlled delivery of food ingredients." Food Science and Technology Today. 1991;5(2):74-80.
14Desai KGH, Park HJ. “Recent developments in microencapsulation of food ingredients." Drying Technology. 2005;23(7):1361-1394.
15Taylor AH. “Encapsulation systems and their applications in the flavor industry." Food Flavor Ingredients Packaging and Processing. 1983;5(9):48-51.
16Lamb R. “Spray chilling." Food Flavor ingredients Packaging and Processing. 1987;9(12):39-42.
17Shilton NC, Niranjan K. “Fluidization and its applications to food processing." Food Structure. 1993;12:199-215.
18Kopelman IJ, Meydav S, Wilmersdorf P. “Storage studies of freeze dried lemon crystals." Journal of Food Technology. 1977;12:65-69.
19Soper JC, Thomas MT. “Enzymatically protein encapsulating oil particles by complex coacervation." US Patent 6-039-901, 1997.
20Kirby CJ, Gregoriadis G. “A simple procedure for preparing liposomes capable of high encapsulation efficiency under mild conditions." Liposome Technology. CRC Press. 1984(1).
21Burgain J et al. “Encapsulation of probiotic living cells: From laboratory scale to industrial applications." J Food Eng. 2011;104(4):467-483.
22Peighambardoust SH, Tafti AG, Hesari J. “Application of spray drying for preservation of lactic acid starter cultures: A review." Trends Food Sci Technol. 2011;22(5):215-224.
23De Vos P et al. “Encapsulation for preservation of functionality and targeted delivery of bioactive food components." Int Dairy J. 2010;20(4):292-302.
24Gharsallaoui A et al. “Applications of spray-drying in microencapsulation of food ingredients: An overview." Food Research International. 2007;40(9):1107-1121.
25Lehman L et al. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd ed. 1976;412.
26Gouin S. “Microencapsulation: Industrial appraisal of existing technologies and trends." Trends Food Sci Technol. 2004;15(7-8):330-347. | https://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/contract-manufacturing/microencapsulation-and-nutraceuticals |
Occupational skin diseases, including occupational dermatitis, are the second most common type of occupational disease, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Therefore, you should determine if the five risk factors for occupational dermatitis exist and must be and addressed in your workplace.More than 13 million American workers face job-related exposures to chemicals that can be absorbed through the skin, in industries ranging from construction to health care and food service. The occupational skin diseases that arise from these exposures can be every bit as debilitating as occupational lung diseases or severe ergonomic injuries, forcing workers out of their jobs.
What Is Occupational Dermatitis?
Dermatitis occurs when skin becomes inflamed and irritated. The two general types of dermatitis are primary irritation and sensitization. Primary irritation usually results from contact with a substance—such as strong acids, caustics, and solvents—in a significant quantity, concentration, and length of time.
This affects the skin directly at the exposure site in different ways, depending on the type of chemical. For example, solvents work by removing fats and oils from the skin, while prolonged exposure to oils and waxes can plug up the skin’s hair follicles and sweat ducts, causing inflammation and acne.
Sensitization is an allergic reaction that occurs when the body’s immune system reacts to a substance. Workers may become sensitized after a single exposure to a substance, or they may be exposed to a substance for years before their body begins to react.
Identifying Dermatitis Risks
No industry can claim immunity to problematic skin exposures. For example:
· Workers in construction are exposed to Portland cement.
· Healthcare workers are at risk from latex, chemical sterilants and disinfectants, and hazardous drugs.
· Agricultural workers’ skin is exposed to pesticides.
· Many hairdressers are forced out of their trade because they develop skin reactions to the chemicals they use on their clients.
Any worker exposed to hazardous chemicals in the workplace should be aware of the potential for skin damage, the dangers of occupational dermatitis, and preventive measures, including wearing appropriate gloves to prevent contact.
These five factors increase the risk of occupational dermatitis:
1. Frequent or prolonged contact with chemicals. A chemical that might be harmless or mildly irritating during occasional use can become much more hazardous with frequent or prolonged contact. Examine the safety information for any chemical that is in contact with workers’ skin frequently or for prolonged periods to ensure that it does not cause skin irritation, sensitization, or systemic effects.
Also, look for less obvious sources of chemical contact. For example, pesticide residues will linger on plants, and workers who handle these plants may have significant exposures through the skin even after the waiting period required following pesticide applications.
Sources of skin exposure include:
· Direct contact with contaminated surfaces
· Aerosolized particles
· Immersion
· Splashes
2. Skin that is already damaged. Intact skin can protect against many exposures, but damaged skin may permit chemicals that would otherwise be blocked to enter the body.
Employees who work with chemicals that pose a skin hazard should be aware of whether they need to take additional precautions when they have scratches or cuts on their skin. Under some circumstances—for example, workers with large open wounds that could come into contact with chemicals—they may need to be temporarily reassigned.
Workers exposed to mechanical hazards, such as friction, pressure, abrasive materials, or sharp edges, can suffer skin damage on the job that will make chemical exposures much more dangerous. Make sure chemical exposure hazards are not compounded by trauma hazards in the workplace.
3. Poor hygiene. Workers with dermal exposures should wash frequently so chemicals do not remain on their skin for long periods of time. Skin hygiene in the presence of hazardous chemicals is somewhat different from skin hygiene at home. Workers should:
· Wash their hands before putting gloves on so they do not trap hazardous materials against their skin.
· Wash their gloves before removing them so they do not transfer hazardous chemicals from the gloves to their skin.
· Wash their hands after removing contaminated gloves, and dry their hands gently, but thoroughly.
· Use only moisturizers provided by the employer that will not damage gloves, and apply lotions and moisturizers only to clean skin.
Note: If pH is an issue (as it is for workers who use Portland cement), employers should provide pH neutral or buffered soaps at work, and workers should also use them at home.
4. Temperature extremes or exposure to sunlight. Heat and cold both stress the skin, making it more susceptible to chemical injury. Sunlight, too, can make some exposures more dangerous through its interaction with chemicals.
5. Wet work. A chemical that might not ordinarily penetrate the skin in large amounts could do so under wet conditions—including heavy perspiration—because wet skin is more permeable than dry skin. Workers in wet environments may need to take precautions—such as wearing gloves—that would not be necessary if their skin were dry.
Tip: Workers who use solvents, such as methylene chloride, may be tempted to clean their skin with it. Teach them about the hazards and to clean their skin with soap and water only, rather than with potentially hazardous solvents. | https://clearpathbenefits.com/2013/01/29/5-occupational-dermatitis-hazards-and-how-to-stop-them/ |
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
BACKGROUND
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
General Overview
System Overview
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
The subject matter discussed in the background section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in the background section or associated with the subject matter of the background section should not be assumed to have been previously recognized in the prior art. The subject matter in the background section merely represents different approaches, which in and of themselves may also be inventions.
Given a large collection (millions or billions) of small sets of items (which may be called market baskets) sampled from an existing universe of items (such as products, services, or search terms), automated recommendation of items is often based on the identification of frequently occurring item sets, which are sets of items that were purchased together. There are other recommendation algorithms, such collaborative filtering, for circumstances when system users sample one item at a time. Frequent item sets is for circumstances when system users sample items together. Market basket analysis is a process in which retailers evaluate information in such market baskets to understand the purchase behavior of customers and/or the searching behavior of potential customers. This information can then be analyzed for purposes of cross-selling, the practice of selling an additional product or service to an existing customer. Examples of market basket analysis for cross selling are automated recommendations such as “customers who bought book A also bought book B,” and “People who read ‘History of Portugal’ were also interested in ‘Naval History.’” Many database systems use the Apriori algorithm to evaluate frequent item sets for market basket analysis. The Apriori algorithm first identifies the individual items that appear the most frequently in a database's item sets, and then extends these frequent individual items to larger and larger item sets, provided that the larger item sets appear sufficiently often in the database's sets.
Depending on the nature and size of the item sets, a frequent pattern (FP) tree algorithm can execute much faster than the Apriori algorithm executes. The frequent pattern tree algorithm places item sets in a tree, recursively building the tree based on the count for each of the items in the item sets. For each item set, the frequent pattern tree algorithm sorts its items, left to right, in descending order. The frequent pattern tree algorithm identifies the leftmost item with the most item sets, removes this item from the item sets, and represents this item as a root node with the count of all its item sets. Then the frequent pattern tree algorithm recursively looks at the second position in the descending order of items, and finds the most represented remaining item, and represents that item as a child node. The frequent pattern tree algorithm repeats this process, representing more items as child nodes until the frequent pattern tree algorithm is done with the descending order of items, thereby creating a tree in which each original item set is a path in the tree. Then the frequent pattern tree algorithm generates all of the possible item sets by proceeding upward from the leaves in the tree. If the item sets include enough repetition of items, the frequent pattern tree algorithm can execute in memory.
In accordance with embodiments described herein, there are provided methods and systems for identifying frequent item sets. A system determines a count of each item in multiple item sets, sorts each count into an ascending order, assigns an ascending identifier to each item corresponding to each sorted count, and sorts each identifier in each item set in descending order. The system partitions the item sets into a first group of item sets and a second group of item sets, with each item set in the first group of item sets including a common largest identifier, determines a count for each subset of each item set of the first group of item sets, and determines a count of each subset of each item set by summing each count for each subset of each item set of the first group of item sets with each corresponding count for each corresponding subset of each item set of the second group of item sets. The system outputs a recommended item set based on the count of each subset of each item set.
For example, a database system determines the count of 6 for Contact A, the count of 4 for Contact C, and the count of 5 for Contact B from 7 item sets that include various combinations of Contact A, Contact B, and Contact C. The database sorts the count of 6, the count of 5, and the count of 4 into the ascending order of the count of 4, the count of 5, and the count of 6. The database system assigns identifier 1 to each Contact C, which corresponds to the count of 4, identifier 2 to each Contact B, which corresponds to the count of 5, and identifier 3 to each Contact A, which corresponds to the count of 6, such that the identifier 3 is assigned to Contact A in every item set because the identifier 3 corresponds to the count of 6 for Contact A. The database system sorts each identifier in each set in descending order, such as sorting the set (identifier 1, identifier 2, identifier 3) into the set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) in descending order.
The database system partitions the identifiers sets into a first group of sets that includes identifier 3 as the common largest identifier and a second group of sets that has identifier 2 as the common largest identifier. The database system determines a count for each of the first group's subsets of item sets, such as a count of 2 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1). Similarly, the database system determines a count for each of the second group's subsets of item sets, such as a count of 1 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1).
Next, the database system sums the counts of the subsets for the groups, such as adding the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1) for the first group to the count of 1 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1) for the second group to result in the summed count of 3 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1) for both groups. Based on these counts of subsets, the database system outputs a recommended item set (Contact B) to a system user who already purchased Contact A, because most item sets that included Contact A also included Contact B. Further, the database system identifies frequent item sets faster than the Apriori algorithm identifies frequent item sets because the database system starts with item sets and then identifies subsets of the item sets, whereas the Apriori algorithm starts with individual items and then gradually extends these individual items to larger and larger item sets.
Systems and methods are provided for identifying frequent item sets. As used herein, the term multi-tenant database system refers to those systems in which various elements of hardware and software of the database system may be shared by one or more customers. For example, a given application server may simultaneously process requests for a great number of customers, and a given database table may store rows for a potentially much greater number of customers. As used herein, the term query plan refers to a set of steps used to access information in a database system. Next, methods and mechanisms for identifying frequent item sets will be described with reference to example embodiments. The following detailed description will first describe a method for identifying frequent item sets, and then describe an extremely simplified example of item sets and an array for identifying frequent item sets.
While one or more implementations and techniques are described with reference to an embodiment in which identifying frequent item sets is implemented in a system having an application server providing a front end for an on-demand database service capable of supporting multiple tenants, the one or more implementations and techniques are not limited to multi-tenant databases nor deployment on application servers. Embodiments may be practiced using other database architectures, i.e., ORACLE®, DB2® by IBM and the like without departing from the scope of the embodiments claimed.
Any of the embodiments described herein may be used alone or together with one another in any combination. The one or more implementations encompassed within this specification may also include embodiments that are only partially mentioned or alluded to or are not mentioned or alluded to at all in this brief summary or in the abstract. Although various embodiments may have been motivated by various deficiencies with the prior art, which may be discussed or alluded to in one or more places in the specification, the embodiments do not necessarily address any of these deficiencies. In other words, different embodiments may address different deficiencies that may be discussed in the specification. Some embodiments may only partially address some deficiencies or just one deficiency that may be discussed in the specification, and some embodiments may not address any of these deficiencies.
FIG. 1
100
100
depicts an operational flow diagram illustrating a high level overview of a method for identifying frequent item sets. The method may be implemented on either a centralized computing platform or in parallel on a distributed computing platform, such as on Map/Reduce or Spark. As a brief overview, a database system has a set of items with counts, such as Contact A with a count of 6, Contact B with a count of 5, Contact C with a Count of 4, and Contact D with a count of 5. The database system has both the tuple (A,C,B) and the tuple (C,A,D), and needs to sort these tuples to run through the tuples and export tuples and counts. To do that, the database system labels each item, and that labeling has two requirements. The labeling respects the counts of each item, i.e., if count(A)>count(B), then label(A)>label(B). The labeling is total, so for any items J and K, either label(J)>label(K) or label(K)>label(J), even if count(J)=count(K). The second requirement means that the labeling must be a total order. The reason it must be total order is that when the database system is done sorting, all the (A,B,C) tuples must be together and all the (A,D,C) tuples must be together, even if count(D)=count(B). The database system can reverse the ordering between labels, as long as the database system does it everywhere. If the database system doesn't make it a total order (i.e., just uses counts) then the database system can't separate B's and D's.
102
A system determines a count of each item in multiple item sets, block . A count quantifies the total occurrences, or support level, for each corresponding item in the sets. For example and without limitation, this can include the database system determining the count of 6 for Contact A, the count of 5 for Contact B, and the count of 4 for Contact C from the item sets (Contact A, Contact B), (Contact C, Contact A), (Contact C, Contact B, Contact A), (Contact B, Contact C), (Contact B, Contact A), (Contact A, Contact B, Contact C), and (Contact A). Although this example describes the database system counting each item in each of the item sets, the database system may count each item in a limited amount of the item sets. For example, the database system can only count the contacts in item sets that were recorded in the most recent 5 years so that the database system does not make recommendations based on contacts that were recorded more than 5 years ago.
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
Aspects of the database system are described below in reference to and . A count can be a measure or a number of an item, such as 6 occurrences of Contact A in a collection of item sets, or the 7 times that a system user submitted a specific type of search query that included the word “james.” An item can be anything that the database system can associate with a system user's set, such as a contact, a search term, an account, a lead, an opportunity, a product, a service, or any digital object. A set of items can be any group or collection of entities that are associated with a specific user at a period in time. Examples of item sets include the 9 contacts that an organization member purchased on Monday, the 10 contacts that the organization member purchased on Tuesday, the 8 contacts that the organization member searched for on Tuesday, the 13 accounts that an organization purchased on Wednesday morning, the 12 accounts that the organization purchased on Wednesday afternoon, and the 11 accounts that the organization searched for on Wednesday night.
104
After determining the count of each item, the system sorts each count into an ascending order, block . Sorting the counts of items enables the database system to identify items based on the frequency of the items' occurrences. By way of example and without limitation, this can include the database system sorting the count of 6, the count of 5, and the count of 4 into the ascending order of the count of 4, the count of 5, and the count of 6. Although this example describes the database system sorting counts in an ascending order, the database system can sort counts in a descending order. For example, the database system can sort the count of 4, the count of 5, and the count of 6 into the descending order of the count of 6, the count of 5, and the count of 4. Although not every item may have a unique count, the database system sorts the counts of items into a canonical ordering that provides a unique sorting order. Sorting can be to arrange systematically in a prescribed sequence, such as sorting a smaller number before a larger number. An ascending order can be an increasing sequence, such as the numbers 1, 2, and 3.
106
Having uniquely sorted the counts, the system assigns an identifier, from identifiers in an ascending order, to each item corresponding to each sorted count, block . The unique sorting order enables the database system to assign different identifiers to different items that have the same count, and assigning identifiers to items enables the database system to uniformly sort the items by sorting the identifiers. In embodiments, this can include the database system assigning identifier 1 to each Contact C, which corresponds to the count of 4, identifier 2 to each Contact B, which corresponds to the count of 5, and identifier 3 to each Contact A, which corresponds to the count of 6. Although this example describes the database system assigning increasing identifiers to the sorted counts, the database system can assign decreasing identifiers to the sorted accounts. For example, the database system assigns identifier 3 to each Contact C, which corresponds to the count of 4, identifier 2 to each Contact B, which corresponds to the count of 5, and identifier 1 to each Contact A, which corresponds to the count of 6. Assigning can be allocating or designating an identifier as a reference to a count, such as assigning the identifier 1 to the Contact C, which corresponds to the count of 4. An identifier can be a whole number used to reference a count, such as identifier 1 is the numeral 1 that is assigned to refer to the count of 4, as the identifiers need to be sortable.
Assigning can be allocating or designating an identifier as a reference to an item. For example, the database system temporarily replaces items in the item set (Contact A, Contact B, Contact C) with the identifiers 1, 2, and 3 to result in the set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1). In another example, the database system creates a temporary set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) that is assigned to the item set (Contact A, Contact B, Contact C). In yet another example, the database system modifies the item set (Contact A, Contact B, Contact C) into the item set (Contact A, identifier 3; Contact B, identifier 2; Contact C, identifier 1).
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Having assigned identifiers to set's items, the system optionally determines a count of each original sequence of items in multiple item sets, block . The count of each original sequence enables the database system to track the original listed order of the items in each item set. By way of example and without limitation, this can include the database system determining a count of 1 for the item set (Contact C, Contact B, Contact A) and determining a separate count of 1 for the item set (Contact A, Contact B, Contact C), and assigning a unique sequence identifier to each of these item sets. For each original sequence of items, the database system records the unique sequence identifier, the count of the original sequence of items, and the set of identifiers for the original sequence of items, with the set of identifiers sorted in descending order, as described below. The database system may record this information for an original sequence of items only if the count for the original sequence of items exceeds a threshold. An original sequence of items can be all of the items in an item set, listed in the order in which all of the items initially appeared in the item set. For example, the item set (Contact C, Contact B, Contact A) and the item set (Contact A, Contact B, Contact C) both contain only the same 3 items. However, since the items are listed in a different order in these two item sets, the database system counts each of these item sets separately as two different original sequences of items.
While the order in which contacts are listed may not appear to be significant, the order of other items in an item set may be significant enough to justify tracking the order of items in the item sets. For example, a user searches for potential contacts by submitting the search queries “san francisco computer sales james jordan” and “san francisco computer sales jordan james.” If the database system does not retain the order of the search terms, the database system may interpret these two sets of search terms as the same two searches for the same person who sells computers in San Francisco and who has the names of James and Jordan. If the database system retains the order of the search terms, the database system may interpret these two sets of search terms as searches for two different people who sell computers in San Francisco, one who has the given name of James and the family name of Jordan, and the other who has the given name of Jordan and the family name of James. In some embodiments, the database system retains an original sequence of an item set only if the count of the original sequence of the item set exceeds a threshold count, such that the original sequence of infrequently occurring item sets is not retained.
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After assigning identifiers to set's items, and possibly tracking the original sequence of the items, the system sorts each identifier in each item set in descending order, block . Sorting identifiers in each set enables the database system to directly compare sets. In embodiments, this can include the database system sorting each identifier in each set in descending order, such as sorting the set (identifier 1, identifier 2, identifier 3) into the set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) in descending order. Although this example describes the database system sorting each item set's identifiers in descending order, the database system can sort each item set's identifiers in ascending order. For example, the database system can sort the set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) into the set (identifier 1, identifier 2, identifier 3) in ascending order. Descending order can be a decreasing sequence, such as the numbers 3, 2, and 1.
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Having sorted each item sets' identifiers in descending order, the system optionally associates each original sequence of items with a corresponding item set that has each identifier sorted in descending order, block . The database system maps an item set to its original sequence of items, which will eventually enable the database system to make a recommendation using the original order of the items in an item set when the database system makes a recommendation based on the item set. For example and without limitation, this can include the database system mapping the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1), which corresponds to the sorted descending order of the items in the item set, to the item set (identifier 1, identifier 2, identifier 3), which corresponds to the original order of the items in the item set. Associating can be connecting or linking an item set with its original sequence of items, such as connecting the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) with the original order item set (identifier 1, identifier 2, identifier 3).
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After sorting each item sets' identifiers in descending order, the system partitions the item sets into a first group of item sets and a second group of item sets, with each item set in the first group of item sets including a common largest identifier, block . Partitioning the item sets into groups enables the database system to efficiently determine counts of item sets and subsets from a group of similar item sets. By way of example and without limitation, this can include the database system partitioning the identifiers sets into a first group that includes identifier 3 as the common largest identifier: (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1), (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1), (identifier 3, identifier 2), (identifier 3, identifier 2), (identifier 3, identifier 1), and (identifier 3) and a second group that has identifier 2 as the common largest identifier: (identifier 2, identifier 1). Although this example describes the database system partitioning item sets into groups of item sets based on a common largest identifier, the database system may partition item sets into groups of item sets based on a common smallest identifier. Upon partitioning the item sets into the first group of item sets, the database system may sort items in the first group of item sets.
FIGS. 2A-B
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A description of sorting items in a group of item sets is described below in reference to . Partitioning item sets into groups of item sets can be dividing, distributing, or separating item sets into mutually exclusive parts or portions, such as putting all item sets that have the identifier 3 as their common largest identifier into one collection of item sets, and putting all item sets that have the identifier 2 as their common largest identifier into another collection of item sets. In another example, all item sets that have the identifier 3 as their common smallest identifier are put into one collection of item sets, and all item sets that have the identifier 2 as their common smallest identifier are put into another collection of item sets. A group of item sets can be a collection or aggregation of item sets, such as the first group of item sets that have the identifier 3 as their largest identifier. A common largest identifier included in a group of items sets can be an identifier that has the largest value in each of the group's item sets, such as identifier is the numerically biggest identifier in the first group of item sets.
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FIG. 2B
Having partitioned the item sets into groups of item sets, the system determines a count for each subset of each item set of the first group of item sets, block . Determining the counts of subsets of item sets for one group of item sets enables the database system to aggregate all such counts for all such subsets for all such groups. In embodiments, this can include the database system determining the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1), determining the count of 4 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 2), determining the count of 3 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 1), determining the count of 6 for the subset (identifier 3), determining the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1), determining the count of 4 for the subset (identifier 2), and determining the count of 3 for the subset (identifier 1). Similarly, the database system determines the count of 1 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1), the count of 1 for the subset (identifier 2), and the count of 1 for the subset (identifier 1). A subset of items can be any or every part or portion of a collection or set of items, such as the subset (identifier 1) is a subset of the set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1), and the subset (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) is a subset of the set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1). Consequently, the database system can aggregate 3 counts of the subset (identifier 3, identifier 1) from 1 count of the subset (identifier 3, identifier 1) and 2 counts of the subset (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1). A method of determining a count for each subset of each item set in a group of item sets is described below in reference to .
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After determining the count for each subset of each item set of the first group of item sets, the system determines the count of each subset of each item set by summing each count for each subset of each item set of the first group of item sets with each corresponding count for each corresponding subset of each item set of the second group of item sets, block . Determining the counts of each subset of each item set enables the database system to make recommendations based on these counts. For example and without limitation, this can include the database system summing the counts of the subsets for the groups, resulting in the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1), the count of 4 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 2), the count of 3 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 1), the count of 6 for the subset (identifier 3), the count of 3 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1), the count of 5 for the subset (identifier 2), and the count of 4 for the subset (identifier 1). Summing counts can be adding or aggregating the counts to produce a combined result, such as adding the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1) from the first group to the count of 1 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1) from the second group to result in the count of 3 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1) from both groups. The database system identifies frequent item sets faster than the Apriori algorithm identifies frequent item sets because the database system starts with item sets and then identifies subsets of the item sets, whereas the Apriori algorithm starts with individual items and then gradually extends these individual items to larger and larger item sets.
The database system may retain only item sets and/or items with sufficient support, which are item sets and/or items that occur more than a corresponding minimum threshold amount. Once the database system determines the support for each individual item, the database system may delete items that have insufficient support from their corresponding item sets. Additionally or alternatively, once the database system determines the support for each item set, the database system may delete item sets that have insufficient support.
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Having determined the count of each subset of each item set, the system outputs a recommended item set based on the count of each subset of each item set, block . By way of example and without limitation, this can include the database system outputting a recommended item set (Contact B) to a system user who already purchased Contact A, because 4 of the 6 (66.6%) item sets that included Contact A also included Contact B, thereby exceeding the recommendation threshold of 60%. While some embodiments may also include (Contact C) in the recommended item set, other embodiments do not include (Contact C) in the recommended item set because only 3 of the 6 (50.0%) item sets that included Contact A also included Contact C, thereby failing to meet the recommendation threshold of 60%. In another example, the database system responds to a user's initial search terms set (san francisco computer sales) by outputting a recommended item set (james jordan) because most of the previous search term sets that included the search terms (san francisco computer sales) also included the search terms (james jordan). However, the database system does not list the recommended set as (jordan james) because most of the search term sets that include the search terms (san francisco computer sales james jordan) list a search term order in which “james” is listed before “jordan.”
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The method may be repeated as desired. Although this disclosure describes the blocks - executing in a particular order, the blocks - may be executed in a different order. In other implementations, each of the blocks - may also be executed in combination with other blocks and/or some blocks may be divided into a different set of blocks. Each of the blocks - may be implemented on either a centralized computing platform or in parallel on a distributed computing platform.
FIGS. 2A-B
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FIG. 2A
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As an overview example of the process depicted in , a database system has a long item set 9876543 followed by a short item set 982. In this example, there are counts associated with items 6, 5, and 4, which need to get rolled up into the item 8. illustrate block diagrams of extremely simplified examples of item sets and an array for identifying frequent item sets, in an embodiment. includes identifier set (identifier 3, identifier 2), identifier set (identifier 3, identifier 1), identifier set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1), identifier set (identifier 2, identifier 1), identifier set (identifier 3, identifier 2), identifier set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1), and identifier set (identifier 3), which are sorted in descending order. The identifier sets - correspond to the item sets (Contact A, Contact B), (Contact C, Contact A), (Contact C, Contact B, Contact A), (Contact B, Contact C), (Contact B, Contact A), (Contact A, Contact B, Contact C), and (Contact A), respectively.
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The system partitions the item sets into the first group of item sets and the second group of item sets, with each group of item sets including a common largest identifier. For example, the database system partitions the item sets - and - into a first group of item sets that each have identifier 3 as the common largest identifier, and partitions the set into a second group of item sets that has identifier 2 as the common largest identifier.
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Then the system sorts each item set in the first group of item sets based on the identifiers in the item set position adjacent to the item set position for the common largest identifier. For example, since the first position in the item sets - and - includes the common largest identifier 3, the database system sorts these sets based on the identifiers included in the second position of these sets, which in these sets includes identifier 2, identifier 1, and null. An item set position can be a place or a location in an item set, such as the first position in the item set storing the common largest identifier. A position in an item set that is adjacent to another position in the item set can be a place or a location in an item set that is next to or adjoining another place or another position in the item set.
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An item set can be considered as an array of positions from 0 to N. Given two item sets A and B, A<B (comes after B in the sort) if, in the first array position in which A and B differ, say 4, A[4]<B[4]. So if A is the item set [9,8,7,6,4,3] and B is the item set [9,8,7,6,5,2], A<B because 4<5. Next, the system sorts each item set that include the same identifier in the item set position adjacent to the item set position for the largest identifier based on the identifiers in the item set position adjacent to the item set position that is adjacent to the item set position for the common largest identifier. For example, since the item sets , , , and have identifier 2 in the second position, the database system sorts these sets based on the identifiers in the third position, which in these sets includes identifier 1 and null. Although the sorting of the item sets - and - is complete in this extremely simplified example, the database system sorts item sets with more items by continuing to sort based on the next item set position until all of the item set positions have been sorted. The database system sorting the item sets - and - results in item sets that are prepared for sequential item set-by-item set comparison, as depicted in .
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The arrays - depicted in are actually the same array used by the database system to determine the count for each subset of each item set of the first group of item sets, with the different reference numerals indicating the different states of this array at different points in time. The database system initializes the array to (0, 0, 0), with the number of positions in the array equaling the number of positions in the item set that has the largest number of items. The database system processes the item set by modifying the array (0, 0, 0) to become the array (0, 0, 1). The count of 1 in the third position of the array indicates that the items from the first position of the set to the third position of the set have been collectively identified 1 time so far by the database system.
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The system determines whether an item set in a group of item sets matches the next item set in the group of item sets. For example, the database system determines whether the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) is the same as the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1). One item set matching another item set can be the item sets being the same, equal, or identical, such as the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) being the same as the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1).
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If an item set in a group of item sets matches the next item set in the group of item sets, the system increments a count in a position in the array corresponding to a highest positioned item in the next item set. For example, since the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) is the same as the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1), the database system modifies the array (0, 0, 1) to become the array (0, 0, 2). A highest positioned item in an item set can be an item that has a location that is associated with the largest numbered location in the item set, such as the third position in an item set that includes only three positions. The count of 2 in the third position of the array indicates that the items from the first position of the set to the third position of the set have been collectively identified 2 times so far by the database system. Due to the sorting of item sets in the group of item sets, all of the item sets which are exactly the same will be sorted to be together, which enables the database system to quickly and efficiently sum the counts of the identical item sets.
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Once again, the system determines whether one item set in the first group of item sets matches the next item set in the first group of item sets. For example, the database system determines whether the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) is the same as the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2). If an item set in a group of item sets does not match the next item set in the group of item sets, the database system processes differing item sets. For example, since the item set lacks identifier 1 that is present in the item set , the item set does not match the item set , and the database system begins the process for the item sets determined to be not matching.
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In the first process for item sets that the system determines to be not matching, the system identifies each subset of an item set that includes an item in the item set that lacks a match to a corresponding item in the next item set, a count for each subset of the item set being based on a count in a position in the array that corresponds to the item. For example, the database system identifies each subset of the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) that includes identifier 1 because identifier 1 lacks a match to any identifier in the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2).
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The database system determines the count of the subsets of item sets that include identifier 1 because the absence of identifier 1 in the set indicates that subsequent sets may not include identifier 1. However, the database system minimizes the determination of counts for subsets of item sets by only counting subsets of item sets that include any identifier(s) that lacks a match in the next item set, which is identifier 1 in this example. The count for the subsets of the item set that include identifier 1 is 2 because the array has the count 2 in its third position, which corresponds to the third position in the item set that has identifier 1. Therefore, the database system determines the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1), the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 1), the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 2, identifier 1), and the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 1).
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The database system may identify subsets of an item set based on the following algorithm. Given n positions of items in an item set, the item in each position can either appear in a subset of the item set or not appear in a subset of the item set. Therefore, the database system can identify subsets based on another array of Booleans, with the value of 1 indicating that an item in that position appears in a subset of the item set, and the value of 0 indicating that an item in that position does not appear in a subset of the item set. Consequently, the database system identifies 2−1 subsets, without identifying the empty subset. This Boolean array also corresponds to a number that is based on the maximum value represented by the array, and each position in the array also corresponds to another number. For example, if the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2, identifier 1) is reversed to become the reversed item set (identifier 1, identifier 2, identifier 3), then the Boolean array for the reversed item set has a maximum value of 7 (1, 1, 1 in binary) and identifier 1 has a value of 1 (1, 0, 0 in binary). Therefore, the database system identifies all subsets of item set that include identifier 1 by identifying the subset corresponding to the array's binary value of 7, decrementing the array's binary value of 7 to the binary value of 6, identifying the subset corresponding to the array's binary value of 6, and continuing decrementing the array's binary values and identifying the subsets corresponding to these values, including the identification of the subset corresponding to the array's binary value of 1.
More generally, given a previous item set of length m and a new item set, the database system calculates the length n of the common prefix. The database system executes the following algorithm.
For k = m to n + 1 descending do
for i = 2<sup>k </sup>-1 to 2<sup>(k-1) </sup>do
for the previous item set do
create an empty item set
for j = 1 to k do
if the jth bit of i is 1, add the item in the jth position
(if tracking ordering, append the ordering ids and counts)
od
emit the item set with the count in position k
(for ordering, also emit the ids and counts for the original orders)
od
od
increment the count in position k-1 by the count in position k
set the value in position k to 0
(if tracking ordering, free the list as well)
od
Therefore, the database system only identifies subsets for the positions in an item set which changed from the previous item set to the next item set. If the database system identifies some subsets more than once, the database system sums the counts of the corresponding subsets after processing the final item set in the group of item sets.
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FIG. 2
In the second process for item sets that the system identifies as not matching, the system adds a count from a position in the array, corresponding to a highest positioned item in the first item set, to a position in the array that corresponds to a highest positioned item that matches between the first item set and the second item set. For example, the database system adds the count of 2 in the third position of the array , which corresponds to the highest positioned identifier 1 in the set , to the second position in the array which corresponds to identifier 2 in the set , which is the highest positioned item that matches between the set and the set . Adding a count from the third position in the array to the second position in the array results in re-initializing the third position in the array to zero. At this point, the array depicted in would have the count of 2 in the second position and a count of 0 in the third position if the set had an item in the third position. However, since the set has no item in the third position, the database system nulls the third position in the array , and continues processing the array .
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FIG. 2
In the third process for item sets that the system identifies as not matching, the system adds a count in a position in the array that corresponds to a highest positioned item in the second item set. For example, the database system adds a count of 1 to the second position in the array , which corresponds to identifier 2 in the set , which is the highest positioned item in the set . Since the database system had just added a count of 2 to the second position in the array , the subsequent addition of the count of 1 to the second position in the array results in the count of 3 in the second position of the array , as depicted in . The count of 3 in the second position of the array indicates that the items from the first position of the set to the second position of the set have been collectively identified 3 times so far by the database system.
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Continuing the example, the database system determines whether the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2) is the same as the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2). Since the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2) is the same as the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2), the database system modifies the array (0, 3) to become the array (0, 4). The count of 4 in the second position of the array indicates that the items from the first position of the set to the second position of the set have been collectively identified 4 times so far by the database system.
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Further to the example, the database system determines whether the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2) is the same as the item set (identifier 3, identifier 1). Since the item set lacks identifier 2 that is present in the item set , the item set does not match the item set . Therefore, the database system identifies each subset of the item set (identifier 3, identifier 2) that includes identifier 2 because identifier 2 lacks a match to any identifier in the item set (identifier 3, identifier 1). The database system determines the count of the subsets of item sets that include identifier 2 because the absence of identifier 2 in the set indicates that subsequent sets may not include identifier 2. However, the database system minimizes the determination of counts for subsets of item sets by only counting subsets of item sets that include any identifier(s) that lacks a match in the next item set, which is identifier 2 in this example. The count for the subsets of the item set that include identifier 2 is 4 because the array has the count 4 in its second position, which corresponds to the second position in the item set that has identifier 2. Therefore, the database system determines the count of 4 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 2), and the count of 4 for the subset (identifier 2).
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FIG. 2
Then the database system adds the count of 4 in the second position of the array , which corresponds to the highest positioned identifier 2 in the set , to the first position in the array which corresponds to identifier 3 in the set , which is the highest positioned item that matches between the set and the set . Adding a count from the second position in the array to the first position in the array results in re-setting the second position in the array to zero. At this point, the array depicted in would have the count of 4 in the first position and a count of 0 in the third position. However, the database system continues processing the array by adding a count of 1 to the second position in the array , which corresponds to identifier 1 in the set , which is the highest positioned item in the set . The count of 1 in the second position of the array indicates that the items from the first position of the set to the second position of the set have been collectively identified 1 time so far by the database system. The count of 4 in the first position of the array indicates that the item in the first position of the set has been collectively identified 4 additional times, or 5 total times, so far by the database system.
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Next in the example, the database system determines whether the item set (identifier 3, identifier 1) is the same as the item set (identifier 3). Since the item set lacks identifier 1 that is present in the item set , the item set does not match the item set . Therefore, the database system identifies each subset of the item set (identifier 3, identifier 1) that includes identifier 1 because identifier 1 lacks a match to any identifier in the item set (identifier 3). The database system determines the count of the subsets of item sets that include identifier 1 because the absence of identifier 1 in the set indicates that subsequent sets may not include identifier 1. However, the database system minimizes the determination of counts for subsets of item sets by only counting subsets of item sets that include any identifier(s) that lacks a match in the next item set, which is identifier 1 in this example. The count for the subsets of the item set that include identifier 1 is 1 because the array has the count 1 in its second position, which corresponds to the second position in the item set that has identifier 1. Therefore, the database system determines the count of 1 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 1), and the count of 1 for the subset (identifier 1). The database system previously determined the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 1), and the count of 2 for the subset (identifier 1) when the database system determined that the set lacked identifier 1. After the database system subsequently identifies the final item set in the first group of item sets, the database system aggregates counts for corresponding subsets, thereby resulting in the count of 3 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 1), and the count of 3 for the subset (identifier 1).
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FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Then the database system adds the count of 1 in the second position of the array , which corresponds to the highest positioned identifier 1 in the set , to the first position in the array which corresponds to identifier 3 in the set , which is the highest positioned item that matches between the set and the set . Adding a count from the second position in the array to the first position in the array results in re-setting the second position in the array to zero. At this point, the array depicted in would have the count of 5 in the first position and a count of 0 in the second position if the set had an item in the second position. However, since the set has no item in the second position, the database system nulls the second position in the array , and continues processing the array by adding a count of 1 to the first position in the array , which corresponds to identifier 3 in the set , which is the highest positioned item in the set . Since the database system had just added a count of 1 to the count of 4 in the first position in the array , the subsequent addition of the count of 1 to the first position in the array results in the count of 6 in the first position of the array , as depicted in . The count of 6 in the first position of the array indicates that the item in the first position of the set has been collectively identified 6 times so far by the database system.
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Upon identifying an item set as the final item set in the first group of item sets, the database system identifies each subset of the final item set, with the count for a subset of the final item set being based on the count in a position in the array that corresponds to the highest positioned item that is common to the subset. For example, the database system determines the count of 6 for the subset (identifier 3) because of the count of 6 in the first position of the array , corresponding to identifier 3 which is the highest positioned item that is common to the subset (identifier 3). Although this extremely simplified example results in the database system identifying only a single subset based on the final item set including only a single item, the database system may identify multiple subsets based on a final item set that includes multiple items. Examples of the database system identifying multiple subsets based on an item set that includes multiple items are described above.
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In another example, if the set was the final item set in the first group of item sets, then the database system would have identified each subset of the item set (identifier 3, identifier 1). The count for the subsets of the item set that include identifier 1 is 1 because the array has the count 1 in its second position, which corresponds to the second position in the item set that has identifier 1. Therefore, the database system would determine the count of 1 for the subset (identifier 3, identifier 1), and the count of 1 for the subset (identifier 1). The count for the subsets of the item set that include identifier 3 is 4 because the array has the count 4 in its first position, which corresponds to the first position in the item set that has identifier 3. Therefore, the database system would determine the count of 4 for the subset (identifier 3).
If the database system is tracking the original sequences of items, the database system maintains an array or list of the original sequences of items. When the database system identifies that the previous item set in a group of item sets does not match the next item set in the group of item sets, the database system associates the counts and subsets for these item sets with the list of the original sequences of items. Just as the database system determines the count of each subset of each item set, the database system also determines the count of each original sequence of items that corresponds to each of these subsets. When the database system determines the count of each subset of each item set in each group of item sets, the database system can union the counts of subsets associated with the list of original sequences of items that are associated with each group of item sets, thereby enabling the database system to determine the count for each original sequence of items.
If the entire algorithm is executing on multiple computing platforms at once, many platforms are generating the same item sets that need to be combined. For example, if a first group of item sets has the highest item number 9 and includes the item set 9765, while a second group of item sets has highest the highest item number 8 and includes the item set 8765, the algorithm processing both groups will generate the item subset 765, each with some count and potentially a set of orderings. From the map/reduce perspective this has been the map part. In the reduce part, the algorithm sums the counts by concatenating the lists of original sequences because the lists from the first group are all from original item sets that contain item number 9 and the lists from the second group are all from original item sets that do not include item number 9, but do include item number 8. In terms of item sets, the algorithm is done. But in terms of ordering, the algorithm needs to run through the lists of original sequences and determine the probabilities of the orderings, so that, for example, when suggesting a next word, the algorithm knows what display order to suggest.
th
At the beginning, the database system recorded the original sequences of items and their counts, assigned each sequence a number, and then associated with each sorted item set an array of the different sequences. Now, when the algorithm has all of the original item sets, the algorithm also has those lists of original sequences. For example, the algorithm was processing the item set 987654 and is now processing the item set 9872. The algorithm has some count for the item set 987654, say n, and the algorithm has a list of pointers to original sequences, such as the sequences a, b, and c. The algorithm needs to merge the information for the item set 987654 with the information for the item subset 987 before considering the item set 9872. So the algorithm takes the count, n, from the 6position (under the 4) and adds it to the count in the third position. But if the item subset 987 has been seen as an item set in the original database, then it also has a list of sequences, such as the sequences d and e. If an item subset is not an original item set, then the list is empty. So the algorithm just needs to put the two lists of original sequences together and the item subset 987 gets the sequences a, b, c, d, and e. At this stage, the algorithm will never process the same original item set twice, so the algorithm can just concatenate the lists of original sequences.
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illustrates a block diagram of an environment wherein an on-demand database service might be used. The environment may include user systems , a network , a system , a processor system , an application platform , a network interface , a tenant data storage , a system data storage , program code , and a process space . In other embodiments, the environment may not have all of the components listed and/or may have other elements instead of, or in addition to, those listed above.
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The environment is an environment in which an on-demand database service exists. A user system may be any machine or system that is used by a user to access a database user system. For example, any of the user systems may be a handheld computing device, a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a work station, and/or a network of computing devices. As illustrated in (and in more detail in ) the user systems might interact via the network with an on-demand database service, which is the system .
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An on-demand database service, such as the system , is a database system that is made available to outside users that do not need to necessarily be concerned with building and/or maintaining the database system, but instead may be available for their use when the users need the database system (e.g., on the demand of the users). Some on-demand database services may store information from one or more tenants stored into tables of a common database image to form a multi-tenant database system (MTS). Accordingly, the “on-demand database service ” and the “system ” will be used interchangeably herein. A database image may include one or more database objects. A relational database management system (RDMS) or the equivalent may execute storage and retrieval of information against the database object(s). The application platform may be a framework that allows the applications of the system to run, such as the hardware and/or software, e.g., the operating system. In an embodiment, the on-demand database service may include the application platform which enables creation, managing and executing one or more applications developed by the provider of the on-demand database service, users accessing the on-demand database service via user systems , or third party application developers accessing the on-demand database service via the user systems .
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The users of the user systems may differ in their respective capacities, and the capacity of a particular user system might be entirely determined by permissions (permission levels) for the current user. For example, where a salesperson is using a particular user system to interact with the system , that user system has the capacities allotted to that salesperson. However, while an administrator is using that user system to interact with the system , that user system has the capacities allotted to that administrator. In systems with a hierarchical role model, users at one permission level may have access to applications, data, and database information accessible by a lower permission level user, but may not have access to certain applications, database information, and data accessible by a user at a higher permission level. Thus, different users will have different capabilities with regard to accessing and modifying application and database information, depending on a user's security or permission level.
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The network is any network or combination of networks of devices that communicate with one another. For example, the network may be any one or any combination of a LAN (local area network), WAN (wide area network), telephone network, wireless network, point-to-point network, star network, token ring network, hub network, or other appropriate configuration. As the most common type of computer network in current use is a TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) network, such as the global internetwork of networks often referred to as the “Internet” with a capital “I,” that network will be used in many of the examples herein. However, it should be understood that the networks that the one or more implementations might use are not so limited, although TCP/IP is a frequently implemented protocol.
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The user systems might communicate with the system using TCP/IP and, at a higher network level, use other common Internet protocols to communicate, such as HTTP, FTP, AFS, WAP, etc. In an example where HTTP is used, the user systems might include an HTTP client commonly referred to as a “browser” for sending and receiving HTTP messages to and from an HTTP server at the system . Such an HTTP server might be implemented as the sole network interface between the system and the network , but other techniques might be used as well or instead. In some implementations, the interface between the system and the network includes load sharing functionality, such as round-robin HTTP request distributors to balance loads and distribute incoming HTTP requests evenly over a plurality of servers. At least as for the users that are accessing that server, each of the plurality of servers has access to the MTS' data; however, other alternative configurations may be used instead.
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In one embodiment, the system , shown in , implements a web-based customer relationship management (CRM) system. For example, in one embodiment, the system includes application servers configured to implement and execute CRM software applications as well as provide related data, code, forms, webpages and other information to and from the user systems and to store to, and retrieve from, a database system related data, objects, and Webpage content. With a multi-tenant system, data for multiple tenants may be stored in the same physical database object, however, tenant data typically is arranged so that data of one tenant is kept logically separate from that of other tenants so that one tenant does not have access to another tenant's data, unless such data is expressly shared. In certain embodiments, the system implements applications other than, or in addition to, a CRM application. For example, the system may provide tenant access to multiple hosted (standard and custom) applications, including a CRM application. User (or third party developer) applications, which may or may not include CRM, may be supported by the application platform , which manages creation, storage of the applications into one or more database objects and executing of the applications in a virtual machine in the process space of the system .
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One arrangement for elements of the system is shown in , including the network interface , the application platform , the tenant data storage for tenant data , the system data storage for system data accessible to the system and possibly multiple tenants, the program code for implementing various functions of the system , and the process space for executing MTS system processes and tenant-specific processes, such as running applications as part of an application hosting service. Additional processes that may execute on the system include database indexing processes.
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Several elements in the system shown in include conventional, well-known elements that are explained only briefly here. For example, each of the user systems could include a desktop personal computer, workstation, laptop, PDA, cell phone, or any wireless access protocol (WAP) enabled device or any other computing device capable of interfacing directly or indirectly to the Internet or other network connection. Each of the user systems typically runs an HTTP client, e.g., a browsing program, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser, Netscape's Navigator browser, Opera's browser, or a WAP-enabled browser in the case of a cell phone, PDA or other wireless device, or the like, allowing a user (e.g., subscriber of the multi-tenant database system) of the user systems to access, process and view information, pages and applications available to it from the system over the network . Each of the user systems also typically includes one or more user interface devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, trackball, touch pad, touch screen, pen or the like, for interacting with a graphical user interface (GUI) provided by the browser on a display (e.g., a monitor screen, LCD display, etc.) in conjunction with pages, forms, applications and other information provided by the system or other systems or servers. For example, the user interface device may be used to access data and applications hosted by the system , and to perform searches on stored data, and otherwise allow a user to interact with various GUI pages that may be presented to a user. As discussed above, embodiments are suitable for use with the Internet, which refers to a specific global internetwork of networks. However, it should be understood that other networks can be used instead of the Internet, such as an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a non-TCP/IP based network, any LAN or WAN or the like.
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According to one embodiment, each of the user systems and all of its components are operator configurable using applications, such as a browser, including computer code run using a central processing unit such as an Intel Pentium® processor or the like. Similarly, the system (and additional instances of an MTS, where more than one is present) and all of their components might be operator configurable using application(s) including computer code to run using a central processing unit such as the processor system , which may include an Intel Pentium® processor or the like, and/or multiple processor units. A computer program product embodiment includes a machine-readable storage medium (media) having instructions stored thereon/in which can be used to program a computer to perform any of the processes of the embodiments described herein. Computer code for operating and configuring the system to intercommunicate and to process webpages, applications and other data and media content as described herein are preferably downloaded and stored on a hard disk, but the entire program code, or portions thereof, may also be stored in any other volatile or non-volatile memory medium or device as is well known, such as a ROM or RAM, or provided on any media capable of storing program code, such as any type of rotating media including floppy disks, optical discs, digital versatile disk (DVD), compact disk (CD), microdrive, and magneto-optical disks, and magnetic or optical cards, nanosystems (including molecular memory ICs), or any type of media or device suitable for storing instructions and/or data. Additionally, the entire program code, or portions thereof, may be transmitted and downloaded from a software source over a transmission medium, e.g., over the Internet, or from another server, as is well known, or transmitted over any other conventional network connection as is well known (e.g., extranet, VPN, LAN, etc.) using any communication medium and protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, Ethernet, etc.) as are well known. It will also be appreciated that computer code for implementing embodiments can be implemented in any programming language that can be executed on a client system and/or server or server system such as, for example, C, C++, HTML, any other markup language, Java™, JavaScript, ActiveX, any other scripting language, such as VBScript, and many other programming languages as are well known may be used. (Java™ is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.).
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According to one embodiment, the system is configured to provide webpages, forms, applications, data and media content to the user (client) systems to support the access by the user systems as tenants of the system . As such, the system provides security mechanisms to keep each tenant's data separate unless the data is shared. If more than one MTS is used, they may be located in close proximity to one another (e.g., in a server farm located in a single building or campus), or they may be distributed at locations remote from one another (e.g., one or more servers located in city A and one or more servers located in city B). As used herein, each MTS could include one or more logically and/or physically connected servers distributed locally or across one or more geographic locations. Additionally, the term “server” is meant to include a computer system, including processing hardware and process space(s), and an associated storage system and database application (e.g., OODBMS or RDBMS) as is well known in the art. It should also be understood that “server system” and “server” are often used interchangeably herein. Similarly, the database object described herein can be implemented as single databases, a distributed database, a collection of distributed databases, a database with redundant online or offline backups or other redundancies, etc., and might include a distributed database or storage network and associated processing intelligence.
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also illustrates the environment . However, in elements of the system and various interconnections in an embodiment are further illustrated. shows that the each of the user systems may include a processor system A, a memory system B, an input system C, and an output system D. shows the network and the system . also shows that the system may include the tenant data storage , the tenant data , the system data storage , the system data , a User Interface (UI) , an Application Program Interface (API) , a PL/SOQL , save routines , an application setup mechanism , applications servers -, a system process space , tenant process spaces , a tenant management process space , a tenant storage area , a user storage , and application metadata . In other embodiments, the environment may not have the same elements as those listed above and/or may have other elements instead of, or in addition to, those listed above.
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The user systems , the network , the system , the tenant data storage , and the system data storage were discussed above in reference to . Regarding the user systems , the processor system A may be any combination of one or more processors. The memory system B may be any combination of one or more memory devices, short term, and/or long term memory. The input system C may be any combination of input devices, such as one or more keyboards, mice, trackballs, scanners, cameras, and/or interfaces to networks. The output system D may be any combination of output devices, such as one or more monitors, printers, and/or interfaces to networks. As shown by , the system may include the network interface (of ) implemented as a set of HTTP application servers , the application platform , the tenant data storage , and the system data storage . Also shown is the system process space , including individual tenant process spaces and the tenant management process space . Each application server may be configured to access tenant data storage and the tenant data therein, and the system data storage and the system data therein to serve requests of the user systems . The tenant data might be divided into individual tenant storage areas , which can be either a physical arrangement and/or a logical arrangement of data. Within each tenant storage area , the user storage and the application metadata might be similarly allocated for each user. For example, a copy of a user's most recently used (MRU) items might be stored to the user storage . Similarly, a copy of MRU items for an entire organization that is a tenant might be stored to the tenant storage area . The UI provides a user interface and the API provides an application programmer interface to the system resident processes to users and/or developers at the user systems . The tenant data and the system data may be stored in various databases, such as one or more Oracle™ databases.
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The application platform includes the application setup mechanism that supports application developers' creation and management of applications, which may be saved as metadata into the tenant data storage by the save routines for execution by subscribers as one or more tenant process spaces managed by the tenant management process for example. Invocations to such applications may be coded using the PL/SOQL that provides a programming language style interface extension to the API . A detailed description of some PL/SOQL language embodiments is discussed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 7,730,478 entitled, METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ALLOWING ACCESS TO DEVELOPED APPLICATIONS VIA A MULTI-TENANT ON-DEMAND DATABASE SERVICE, by Craig Weissman, filed Sep. 21, 2007, which is incorporated in its entirety herein for all purposes. Invocations to applications may be detected by one or more system processes, which manages retrieving the application metadata for the subscriber making the invocation and executing the metadata as an application in a virtual machine.
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Each application server may be communicably coupled to database systems, e.g., having access to the system data and the tenant data , via a different network connection. For example, one application server might be coupled via the network (e.g., the Internet), another application server might be coupled via a direct network link, and another application server might be coupled by yet a different network connection. Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are typical protocols for communicating between application servers and the database system. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that other transport protocols may be used to optimize the system depending on the network interconnect used.
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In certain embodiments, each application server is configured to handle requests for any user associated with any organization that is a tenant. Because it is desirable to be able to add and remove application servers from the server pool at any time for any reason, there is preferably no server affinity for a user and/or organization to a specific application server . In one embodiment, therefore, an interface system implementing a load balancing function (e.g., an F5 Big-IP load balancer) is communicably coupled between the application servers and the user systems to distribute requests to the application servers . In one embodiment, the load balancer uses a least connections algorithm to route user requests to the application servers . Other examples of load balancing algorithms, such as round robin and observed response time, also can be used. For example, in certain embodiments, three consecutive requests from the same user could hit three different application servers , and three requests from different users could hit the same application server . In this manner, the system is multi-tenant, wherein the system handles storage of, and access to, different objects, data and applications across disparate users and organizations.
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As an example of storage, one tenant might be a company that employs a sales force where each salesperson uses the system to manage their sales process. Thus, a user might maintain contact data, leads data, customer follow-up data, performance data, goals and progress data, etc., all applicable to that user's personal sales process (e.g., in the tenant data storage ). In an example of a MTS arrangement, since all of the data and the applications to access, view, modify, report, transmit, calculate, etc., can be maintained and accessed by a user system having nothing more than network access, the user can manage his or her sales efforts and cycles from any of many different user systems. For example, if a salesperson is visiting a customer and the customer has Internet access in their lobby, the salesperson can obtain critical updates as to that customer while waiting for the customer to arrive in the lobby.
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While each user's data might be separate from other users' data regardless of the employers of each user, some data might be organization-wide data shared or accessible by a plurality of users or all of the users for a given organization that is a tenant. Thus, there might be some data structures managed by the system that are allocated at the tenant level while other data structures might be managed at the user level. Because an MTS might support multiple tenants including possible competitors, the MTS should have security protocols that keep data, applications, and application use separate. Also, because many tenants may opt for access to an MTS rather than maintain their own system, redundancy, up-time, and backup are additional functions that may be implemented in the MTS. In addition to user-specific data and tenant specific data, the system might also maintain system level data usable by multiple tenants or other data. Such system level data might include industry reports, news, postings, and the like that are sharable among tenants.
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In certain embodiments, the user systems (which may be client systems) communicate with the application servers to request and update system-level and tenant-level data from the system that may require sending one or more queries to the tenant data storage and/or the system data storage . The system (e.g., an application server in the system ) automatically generates one or more SQL statements (e.g., one or more SQL queries) that are designed to access the desired information. The system data storage may generate query plans to access the requested data from the database.
Each database can generally be viewed as a collection of objects, such as a set of logical tables, containing data fitted into predefined categories. A “table” is one representation of a data object, and may be used herein to simplify the conceptual description of objects and custom objects. It should be understood that “table” and “object” may be used interchangeably herein. Each table generally contains one or more data categories logically arranged as columns or fields in a viewable schema. Each row or record of a table contains an instance of data for each category defined by the fields. For example, a CRM database may include a table that describes a customer with fields for basic contact information such as name, address, phone number, fax number, etc. Another table might describe a purchase order, including fields for information such as customer, product, sale price, date, etc. In some multi-tenant database systems, standard entity tables might be provided for use by all tenants. For CRM database applications, such standard entities might include tables for Account, Contact, Lead, and Opportunity data, each containing pre-defined fields. It should be understood that the word “entity” may also be used interchangeably herein with “object” and “table”.
In some multi-tenant database systems, tenants may be allowed to create and store custom objects, or they may be allowed to customize standard entities or objects, for example by creating custom fields for standard objects, including custom index fields. U.S. Pat. No. 7,779,039, filed Apr. 2, 2004, entitled “Custom Entities and Fields in a Multi-Tenant Database System”, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, teaches systems and methods for creating custom objects as well as customizing standard objects in a multi-tenant database system. In certain embodiments, for example, all custom entity data rows are stored in a single multi-tenant physical table, which may contain multiple logical tables per organization. It is transparent to customers that their multiple “tables” are in fact stored in one large table or that their data may be stored in the same table as the data of other customers.
While one or more implementations have been described by way of example and in terms of the specific embodiments, it is to be understood that one or more implementations are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. To the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements as would be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following drawings like reference numbers are used to refer to like elements. Although the following figures depict various examples, the one or more implementations are not limited to the examples depicted in the figures.
FIG. 1
depicts an operational flow diagram illustrating a high level overview of a method for identifying frequent item sets, in an embodiment;
FIGS. 2A-B
illustrate block diagrams of extremely simplified examples of item sets and an array for identifying frequent item sets, in an embodiment;
FIG. 3
illustrates a block diagram of an example of an environment wherein an on-demand database service might be used; and
FIG. 4
FIG. 2
illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of elements of and various possible interconnections between these elements. | |
The first reported instance of Nessie spotting came in 565AD when St Columba took a swim in Loch Ness. It appears in the Life of St Columba by Adomnan. According to Adomnan, St Columba was staying in the land of the Picts when he encountered local residents burying a man by the River Ness. They explained that the man was swimming in the river when he was attacked by a ‘water beast’ which mauled him and dragged him underwater. The beast approached Columba, but he made the sign of the cross and said: ‘Go no further. Do not touch the man. Go back at once.’ The creature stopped as if it had been ‘pulled back with ropes’ and fled.
Modern sighting
On April 14, 1933, the first modern sighting of Nessie was reported, when a couple claimed to have seen something unusual as they drove past Loch Ness. John Mackay and his wife saw ‘something resembling a whale’ as they passed the freshwater loch on a nearby road. The story appeared in a newspaper on 2 May 1933.
Prints charming
In 1933, a newspaper reported that a Madmaduke Wetherall had found footprints on the shore of the loch, after they sent him to look for Nessie. The British Museum of Natural History investigated, and later the prints had been made with a stuffed hippopotamus foot.
The famous photo
The famous picture of the Loch Ness Monster
The most famous picture of Nessie, showing a creature with a long neck, was taken in 1934. It was later found to be a hoax and became known as The Surgeon’s photo as the photographer refused to be associated with the image.
Deep thinking
The 1987 Operation Deepscan was the largest search for the Monster to date costing around £1million. After three days of scouring the deep waters with state-of-the-art sonar equipment, the biggest search for Nessie ended inconclusively. A fleet of 24 boats had spread out over Loch Ness. At one part of the lake, opposite Urquhart Castle, the sonar apparatus had detected three large objects at depths of between 256 and 590 feet. A researcher said that the sonar traces would be consistent with a creature – or creatures – ‘larger than a shark but smaller than a whale’. However, the boats failed to pick up any traces when they were sent to the same part of the loch on the second and third days of the operation.
BB-see?
The BBC sponsored a search for Nessie in 2003 but no animals were found. Using 600 separate sonar beams and satellite navigation technology to ensure that none of the loch was missed, the team surveyed the waters. They hoped the instruments aboard their search boat would pick up the air in Nessie’s lungs as it reflected a distorted signal back to the sonar sensors. Scientists involved in the BBC expedition later declared the Loch Ness Monster a myth.
Elementary, my dear Nessie
The Loch Ness Monster featured in the 1970 film, The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes, which starred Robert Stephens and Christopher Lee. The 30-foot long model of the creatre was found on the loch bed in 2016 during a sonar search by Kongsberg Maritime. It’s thought the model sank after its buoyant humps were removed.
Doctor’s appointments
The Skarasen, the Loch Ness monster from Doctor Who – Terror of the Zygons, shown in 1975
The Loch Ness Monster has featured in Doctor Who twice, in 1975’s Terror of the Zygons, when Tom Baker’s Doctor met the creature. It was revealed to be a Skarasen, an alien creature which was the pet of the Zygons, a shape-changing race. It attacked Parliament, before returning to Loch Ness. A second story, Timelash, in 1985 with Colin Baker’s Doctor, showed how the cruel alien Borad, ruler of the planet Karfel, escaped into the loch. Fans speculate that the Skarasen ate the Borad.
Loch Ness Monster, where are you?
The famous cartoon dog, accompanied by his friends Shaggy, Fred, Velma and Daphne travel to Scotland to visit Daphne’s family at Blake Castle, the home of her Scottish ancestors. The castle grounds host a Highland Games, and learn from Daphne’s cousin Shannon that the castle has recently been terrorised by the Loch Ness Monster. Of course, it’s not really a monster, in true Scooby style.
Cheers, Nessie!
Cheers star Ted Danson starred in Loch Ness, alongside Joely Richardson, a 1996 Hollywood film about the monster. Although partly shot around Loch Ness in Scotland, the external hotel and village scenes, where most of the story takes place, were filmed at Lower Diabaig in the north-west Highlands. Nessie was revealed to be a plesiosaur, befriends humans, and at the end, swims through the loch, accompanied by an infant monster.
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Historic buildings and resources are classified by the city of Portland. City zoning regulations and incentives vary, and may have different requirements for Oregon demolition and construction, depending on the location and/or designation. Oregon demolition companies should also be aware that some properties may have more than one designation.
In previous posts, we have covered some of the issues surrounding Portland’s current and forecasted growth. We have advocated for a balanced demolition approach that respects both preservationists and property rights supporters. Although some may blame demolition companies for expansion problems, we argue that demolition companies are experts in green demolition practices and asset recovery that preserves historic Portland structures.
Since Portland’s codes confuse some, and have allowed other contractors to skirt seemingly shifting rules, we would like to highlight the City’s major historic distinctions. We also reflect on what these designations mean for Portland demolition projects.
Oregon Demolition Contractors Explain Portland’s Historic Structure Designations
Portland has several types of designations that affect demolition. These designations can prompt one of three responses: Demolition Review, Demolition Delay Review, or No review.
Historic Landmarks. This category identifies individual resources that have historical, cultural, archeological, or architectural merit. Local and national registries affect building code restrictions. Local landmarks are subject to Demolition Delay Review, and National landmarks are subject to Demolition Review. Portland has over 500 historic landmarks, mainly concentrated in older inner city areas, and along the old streetcar lines.
Conservation Landmarks. There are 13 local Portland landmarks, designated by the city. In general, the level of significance for these landmarks is lower than it is for historic landmarks, although in the code the term “landmark” refers to both historical and conservation landmarks.
Historic Districts. These are geographical areas within the city that contain a higher concentration of “thematically related historic resources,” according to the Bureau of Planning and Sustainability. Historic districts may be local or national; however, all of Portland’s local historical districts are also on the national registrar. One important distinction here is “contributing” vs. “non-contributing” resources. Contributing resources date from the historic period and add to the significance and character of the neighborhood. Non-contributing resources do not contribute to the historical nature of the area. There are 14 historic districts in Portland.
Conservation Districts. Like conservation landmarks, these are city designations that are generally lower in significance than their historic counterparts. The contributing/non-contributing distinction also applies to the six conservation districts in Portland.
Properties listed in the Historic Resources Inventory. In 1984, Portland started compiling a list of 5000 potentially significant properties. Being listed in the HRI is not a true historic designation, but it will subject you to a 120-day demolition delay period.
In summary, the classification of a historic building will determine if demolition is subject to review or delay.
- Demolition Review: Historic Landmark/National Register, Contributing factor in Historical District
- Demolition Delay Review: Local Historic Landmark, Conservation Landmark, Contributing factor in Conservation District, Ranked in HRI
- No review: Non-contributing factor in historic district, Non-contributing factor in conservation district, unranked in HRI
Portland Historic Designation Process and Review. The city of Portland uses historic review as one of its major preservation tools. They want to ensure that modifications preserve uniquely historical properties. Generally, alterations to historic or conservation landmarks require review. Construction of new buildings or alterations within historic districts is also subject to Historic Design Review to ensure that changes will support the qualities inherent in the district. Normal repair and maintenance to interiors is not subject to review. Major reviews are processed through a public hearing, while BDS staff processes smaller reviews.
Building Codes. You should be aware of the following building codes when dealing with historic buildings in Portland:
• Oregon One and Two Family Dwelling Code,
• The Oregon Structural Specialty Code, and
• The Oregon Uniform Family code.
In addition, the City of Portland Title 24: Building Regulations codes also apply to construction and demolition.
It is important for developers and contractors to be aware of these historic designations and how they can affect project planning and implementation. If you have questions about how Elder can help, and what we can do to properly assess historical structures, give us a call today. | http://www.elderdemolition.com/portland-oregon-demolition-zoning-10-2015/ |
COSHOCTON - Sears Hometown Store in Coshocton is closing, according to a post on the store's Facebook page Thursday morning.
Employees at the store were unable to discuss details about the decision. Store owner Matthew Steiner could not be reached Friday afternoon for comment.
The store is listed as under liquidation, according to the Sears Hometown Store website, along with other stores in Wooster and Delaware, Ohio.
In 2012, Sears Hometown stores separated from the Sears Holding Corporation into independently-owned stores. When Sears declared bankruptcy in October, Coshocton store employees said the business would not be affected.
Sears Hometown Stores across the country saw a drop in customers after the bankruptcy announcement due to confusion over the company's independence, according to various media outlets.
According to the store's Facebook post, the store is getting rid of all of its inventory through Jan. 12.
Sears Hometown stores sell a variety of home appliances, lawn and garden equipment, sporting goods, tools and consumer electronics, including Sears brand products such as Kenmore, Craftsman and DieHard.
The parent company, Sears Hometown and Outlet Stores, Inc., has had a rough year financially, reporting over a 66 percent net loss in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the second quarter of 2017, according to the company's quarterly reports. | |
Barrack Broking helps Private Equity and Advisory Firms to protect their investments. We partner with clients to help them understand the liabilities, synergies and risk associated with a transaction and the underlying investment.
We adapt our approach to the specific needs of our client. We will work with the investor or the management of an investment in their portfolio. If we take our instructions from the underlying investment, we can produce custom reports to keep the investor informed.
How can we help Private Equity and Advisory Firms?
We work alongside investors undertaking due diligence, to help them make informed investment decisions.
Our risk consulting services provide investors with a detailed understanding of the risks attached to companies within their portfolio, as well as the options for managing risks within their existing insurance program.
Contact our team of trusted insurance brokers and risk consultants. | https://www.barrackbroking.com/who-we-help/private-equity-and-advisory-firms/ |
- Ensure that the toy is suitable for the child, always check for recommended age restrictions.
- Be extra careful with toys that recommend 3+ age. Small parts can be a hazard for children.
- Regularly check toys for small parts, sharp edges and points that might develop over time.
- Keeping the play area tidy prevent from most accidents with kids.
- Always follow the instructions and warnings provided with the toys.
- Supervising your children play will always provide extra safety.
- Children under the age of three should never be allowed to play with toys which are marked as being unstable for them.
- Encourage children to play with only one toy at a time and to put them away after the play. Majority of accidents can by prevented by this.
- Always ensure to fit the batteries in toys the correct way.
- Children should not be allowed to change batteries without supervision.
- Disposing off the packaging of toys correctly is crucial as packaging itself can become a play material which possess hazards of strangling. | https://www.mhstar.co.uk/kids-1 |
3. 3 & 7. 1 DNA Structure Worksheet 1. Draw and label the structure of a simplified single nucleotide, including sugar, phosphate and base. 2. Complete the table below to show the pairings of the bases in DNA: Purine| Pyrimidine| Adenine| Thymine| Guanine| Cytosine| 3. Where would one find the base uracil? RNA, it replaces thymine 4. In the space below, draw a single strand of three nucleotides, naming the bonds between them and showing the correct relative position of these bonds. The sequence of these bases makes up the genetic code. The red linesrepresent covalent bonds.
They are read in groups of three called triplets. These triplets arethen used to send instructions in the cell: to switch genes on and off. 5. Define the term double helix. The term double helix is two strands of DNA that twist around each other. Anti-Parallel 6. In the space below, draw a section of DNA, showing two anti-parallel strands of three nucleotides. Label the bonds which hold the bases together as well as the correct complementary base pairs. Also include the 3’ and 5’ linkages (and ends), and the distinction between purines and pyramidines. . Explain the relevance of the following in the double-helix structure of DNA: a. Complementary base pairing Complementary base pairing is when G only bonds with C and T only bonds with A and these are found on each strand of the double helix b. Hydrogen bonds Hydrogen bonds between the bases hold together the strands of DNA c. Relative positioning of the sugar-phosphate backbone and the bases The relative positioning of the sugar-phosphate backbone are on the outside and the bases are on the inside of the double helix 8.
In the space below, draw the structure of a simplified nucleosome, including the H1 linker and histone proteins. 9. Nucleosomes allow the DNA to be supercoiled. a. What is the approximate length of the DNA strand in one chromosome? The length is (length of 1 bp) (number of bp per cell) which is 2 meters. b. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA most likely to be supercoiled? Prophase c. Outline how nucleosomes help regulate transcription. 10. Distinguish between unique or single-copy genes and highly repetitive sequences: Single-copy genes| Highly-repetitive sequences| . 5% of genome makes polypeptides. Each codon (mRNA) (3 bases) codes for one amino acid. 3% codes for 'on/off' gene switches. Within each eukaryotic genes there are:Exons (coding regions)Introns (non-coding regions which are edited out) Every gene has a 'switch', for example a skin cell will turn off unnecessary genes so it does not perform the wrong activity (e. g. producing blood) | Makes up about 5% - 45% of the genome. Once called junk DNAAlso known as satellite DNA, each repeated sequence can be 5-300 base pairsHRSs are used in genetic fingerprinting. | https://phdessay.com/biology-3-3-dna-structure/ |
How do you analyze a peer reviewed article?
How to Identify a Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
- Is it written by a scholar? Look for clues that indicate the author(s) is a scholar/researcher:
- What is it about? Who’s the intended audience?
- How is it structured? Look at the length, formatting, and headings/sections inside the article:
- How is it written?
- What’s the publication type?
How do you read a journal article in Psychology?
Learning how to read this type of writing is mostly a matter of experience, but utilizing a few simple tactics can make this process much easier.
- Understand the Structure of a Journal Article.
- Skim Through the Article.
- Take Notes on Each Section and Ask Questions.
- Identify Key Information.
- Note the Sources Cited.
How do you know that your article is an empirical peer reviewed article?
Characteristics of an Empirical Article: Empirical articles will include charts, graphs, or statistical analysis. Empirical research articles are usually substantial, maybe from 8-30 pages long. There is always a bibliography found at the end of the article.
How do I find the reviews of a journal article?
How do I Find Review Articles?
- Web of Science. Start with a search in Web of Science.
- PubMed. After your initial search in PubMed, look for the “Articles Types” filter on the left side of the page.
- UCLA Library Journal Search.
- Google Scholar and ArticlesPlus.
Is there a way to use Google to find peer reviewed articles?
There is no direct means to only show peer-reviewed work; as Google Scholar also posts legal summaries, and other major journal articles from the Online WorldCat. However, there are means by which you can help narrow down your results, to show what you are looking for (within reason).
What is the first section of an empirical journal article?
The Abstract is usually the first (and possibly the only) portion of the article that a reader will encounter. It is printed at the top of the first page of the article. The Introduction contains a lot of important information about the background and moti- vation for the study.
What type of research is empirical?
Empirical research is research that is based on observation and measurement of phenomena, as directly experienced by the researcher. The data thus gathered may be compared against a theory or hypothesis, but the results are still based on real life experience.
What is scholarly reading?
Scholarly reading remains an obscure, self-taught process of assembling, absorbing, and strategically deploying the writing of others. Digital technology has transformed the research process, making it faster and easier to find sources and to record and retrieve information.
Why do we read empirical research?
Empirical research is important in today’s world because most people believe in something only that they can see, hear or experience. It is used to validate multiple hypothesis and increase human knowledge and continue doing it to keep advancing in various fields.
How do you write a Psychology Review article?
The purpose of a literature review is to survey, describe, compare, and evaluate research articles on a particular topic. Choose a current topic that is neither too broad nor too narrow. Find the story that you want to tell. Spend a lot of time reading and thinking before you write.
How do you find empirical evidence?
Finding Empirical Research in PsycINFO (ProQuest version, for Psychology topics)
- Use the “Advanced Search”
- Type your keywords into the search boxes.
- Scroll down the page to “Methodology,” and choose “Empirical Study”
- Choose other limits, such as publication date, if needed.
- Click on the “Search” button.
What type of research is empirical research?
Empirical research is a type of research methodology that makes use of verifiable evidence in order to arrive at research outcomes. In other words, this type of research relies solely on evidence obtained through observation or scientific data collection methods.
What is the last section of an empirical journal article?
Discussion-The discussion section contains the interpretations and implications of the study. Conclusion- References-A reference section contains information about the articles and books cited in the report and should be substantial.
How do you read scholarly articles?
Consider the following points when reading a scholarly article:
- Know your research question or argument.
- You don’t have to read the entire article in order.
- Read critically.
- Read the reference section.
- Take notes.
How long does it take to read a scholarly article?
We can focus on papers of typical complexity for the journal, and ignore those that are exceptionally easy to read or exceptionally complex. On multiple occasions I have been able to skim an 8 page, 5 figure paper in as little as 10-15 minutes.
How do you read a scholarly article in the social sciences?
Step-by-step instructions for reading a primary research article
- Begin by reading the introduction, not the abstract.
- Identify the BIG QUESTION.
- Summarize the background in five sentences or less.
- Identify the SPECIFIC QUESTION(S)
- Identify the approach.
- Now read the methods section.
How do you read psychology?
Three Techniques to Read People
- The First Technique: Observe Body Language Cues.
- Pay Attention to Appearance.
- The Second Technique: Listen to Your Intuition.
- Sense People’s Presence.
- Watch People’s Eyes.
- Notice the Feel of a Handshake, Hug, and Touch.
- Listen for Tone of Voice and Laugh. | https://www.shakuhachi.net/how-do-you-analyze-a-peer-reviewed-article/ |
Understanding The Causes Of Heartburn
The burning sensation that you feel after eating a heavy meal is known as heartburn. It is commonly experienced by a large number of people all over the world. The main reasons for the occurrence of heartburn are associated with your food intake and lifestyle habits.
By understanding the causes of heartburn it becomes easy to avoid this problem. Here is a list of some factors which can contribute in causing the heartburn:
Spice and fried food: Having unhealthy and fatty foods is the biggest reason behind the occurrence of heartburn. The fried and spicy foods contain a high amount of fat and are not easily digested by our body.
Heavy meal at dinner: Eating a heavy meal in the dinner increases the pressure in your stomach. Also people who eat very fast also tend to suffer from heartburn more than others.
Lying down after a meal: Your stomach takes time to digest the food. Lying down just after having a meal causes the acid to flow from the stomach to the esophagus, which in turn causes the heartburn.
Smoking and alcohol: The bad habits of excessive smoking and alcohol consumption are the major reasons for heartburn. Smoking and alcohol intake relaxes the esophageal sphincter that allows the acid to enter the stomach and causes heartburn.
Indigestion: Other unhealthy habits related to food, such as eating heavy meals, not chewing your food properly, having foods which are full of fat and spices, affect your digestion system. It also increases the production of acid in your stomach which then gives rise to the problem of heartburn.
Caffeine: Frequent and large intake of caffeine induced beverages like coffee, tea and soda also causes the acid to enter the esophagus.
You should try to analyze that what causes heartburn in your case because only after identifying the right cause, you can get rid of this problem. | https://www.healthierlife101.com/understanding-the-causes-of-heartburn/ |
Cotton Analyst Naseem Usman while talking to Business Recorder said that price of Punjab’s Phutti attracted per 40 kilograms prices from Rs 7000 to Rs 8600. Cotton of Sindh was traded from Rs 15500 to Rs 20,000 per maund, Punjab’s cotton was traded from Rs 16500 to Rs 20,000 per maund.
He told that 600 bales of Khan Pur were sold at Rs 20, 000 per maund, 600 bales of Dharan Wala were sold at Rs 18150 to Rs 19300 per maund, 600 bales of Pano Aqil were sold at Rs 18300 per maund and 800 bales of Fort Abbas were sold at Rs 17700 per maund.
Khawaja M Zubair, Chairman, The Karachi Cotton Association, has expressed his extreme concern over the low gas pressure and closure of gas supply to the EOS - “export-oriented sector” of Sindh and Balochistan, which are contributing more than 52 percent in total textile exports of Pakistan.
He observed that due to extremely low gas pressure and frequent unavailability of gas supply to the EOS located in Sindh and Hub area of Balochistan, it has become very difficult to run the industry.
He also observed that despite the Government’s intention to facilitate the EOS with a view to boost exports and earn valuable foreign exchange for the country, they are not being provided full and uninterrupted supply of gas resulting in the EOS of the above referred two provinces are unable to achieve their production target and fulfil their export commitments due to which their foreign buyers might likely to divert their orders to other countries.
With a view to save the EOS of Sindh and Balochistan from total closure, Khawaja M Zubair, Chairman, the KCA urges upon the Government to immediately intervene in this serious issue of national interest and issue directive to the gas supply companies to provide gas first to the EOS including textile industry enabling them to meet their production target, fulfil their export commitments without any disruption and continue to play their important role in the growth of country’s economy.
The All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (Aptma) has urged Prime Minister Imran Khan to intervene and save the export-oriented textile industry of Sindh and Balochistan from total closure.
The export-oriented textile industries of two provinces, ie, Sindh and Balochistan have become almost standstill due to gas shortage.
Asif Inam, Chairman Aptma Southern Zone has said that export oriented textile industries of Sind and Baluchistan are contributing more than 52 percent in total textile exports of Pakistan are deprived of gas supply despite the government vision of the higher priority of gas supply to export-oriented industries as compared to other industries. He further said that industries of Sindh and Balochistan are denied their legal right on gas supply although they are self-sufficient in supply of natural gas.
He said that due to extremely low gas pressure and frequent unavailability it is very difficult for the export-oriented textile industries located in Sindh and Hub Industrial Area to run the mills and fulfil their export commitments well in time.
Chairman Aptma Southern Zone said that despite Balochistan High Court Order, industrial units located in the Hub Industrial Area since last two months are getting only 25 percent gas pressure which is inadequate to run the industry.
He has urged the government and gas supply companies to provide gas first to export oriented industries including textile to run their mills without any disruption so that they can fulfil their export commitments in time and then to other industries if they have enough gas supply otherwise the export-oriented textile industry would be compelled to shut down their industries as they are incurring heavy financial losses due to unavailability of gas.
Asif Inam has also requested Prime Minister Imran Khan to intervene and resolve the gas issue so that industries can continue their operation.
Meanwhile, after having set new LOC highs for 4 of the past 5 sessions, cotton prices retreated on Thursday. The trade day initially worked higher, with May and July each setting new highs before the pullback. At the bell, prices were 44 to 108 points in the red. For New crop, Thursday’s session ended mostly weaker, with March ’23 a point in the black.
Chinese Zhengzhou Cotton Prices are also rallying, though the front month is still 155 yuan under the October high. The March contract was 22,175 yuan/MT on 1/19 ($1.586/lb). The online cotton trading platform, The Seam, reported 48,197 bales were sold for an average 116.99 cents/lb on 1/19.
The Daily Spot Quotations report from USDA listed 48,413 bales sold. The Cotlook A index was 145 points stronger on 1/19 to 134.55 cents. The FAS updated the adjusted world price for cotton to 110.44 cents. That was a 4.86 cent bump and is good through next Thursday.
Moreover, ICE cotton futures retreated on Thursday after a strong rally in the previous session, as investors prepared for a weekly federal export sales report.
The March contract on ICE futures was down 1.57 cent, or 1.3%, at 122.38 cents per pound by 12:58 p.m. ET (1758 GMT), easing off a contract high of 124.78 cents hit on Wednesday as the natural fiber latched on to a rally across commodities markets.
The downward move is just a small pullback in cotton prices that was long overdue as the prices have gone so much higher, so quickly, said Louis Barbera, partner and analyst at VLM Commodities Ltd. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) is scheduled to issue its weekly report at 7:30 a.m. CST (1330 GMT) on Friday.
The Spot Rate remained unchanged at Rs 19300 per maund. Polyester Fiber was available at Rs 260 per kg. | |
Q:
complex valued function that is real for real arguments but also has complex roots?
I'm looking for a continuous function, polynomial or transcendental, whatever, that takes real values when its argument is real, but has at least one pair of complex valued roots with non-zero imaginary part. The Hardy Z function would fit this description, but it isn't known to have any complex roots. Does anyone have any examples?
Thanks
A:
Consider $f = e^{x}- e^{-x}$
Observe that
$$f(i \pi ) = e^{i \pi} - e^{- i \pi} = -1 - (-1) = 0 $$
So there is your complex root.
Also observe that $f$ is real on all real arguments.
(curious fact i realized after that answer)
$$ f = 2 \sinh(x) $$
I realized you said "pair" of roots.
So in that case observe that $k i \pi \ \forall \ k \in \mathbb{N}$ is a root here (i.e. $...-2i\pi,-i \pi, 0, i \pi, 2 i \pi ... $)
Thus we have infinitely many such pairs of roots.
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Several web sites allow you to track agency happenings, including rule-making processes, notices in the Federal Register, and agency decisions. These include:
Regulations.gov
Promotes public participation in the regulatory process. Search proposed rules by agency and then subscribe to e-mail alerts when new notices are added to a regulation's "docket folder." You can also subscribe to an RSS feed of all notices from the USPTO in the Federal Register here.
FederalRegister.gov
Provides a user-friendly way to use and search the Federal Register. You can subscribe to RSS feeds by Agency or Topic. For example, you can subscribe to feeds for the USPTO or the topic Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights.
The laws, rules, and procedures that govern intellectual property law are found in three different sources:
United States Code (U.S.C.)
Contains laws passed by Congress.
United States Code
Call Number: UST Law Stacks KF62 2006 .A2
Available on HeinOnline Core Collection
United States Code Annotated
Call Number: UST Law Stacks KF 62.5 .W45
Available on Westlaw (database: USCA; FIM-USCA)
Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.)
Contains rules/regulations passed by governmental agencies.
Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (MPEP)
Contains the procedures that govern patent law.
Because the United States Patent and Trademark office and United States Copyright office are an agencies, they can pass rules/regulations that govern patents,trademarks and copyrights. These rules are found in the Code of Federal Regulations Title 37, and add additional detail to the laws governing patents as set forth by Congress in U.S.C. Title 35. | https://libguides.stthomas.edu/c.php?g=88936&p=571874 |
History of Clothing - History of the Wearing of Clothing
The wearing of clothing is specifically human characteristic and most human societies wear some form of clothing. There is no information about when we
started using clothes but there are ideas why. Anthropologists think that animal skins and vegetation were adapted as protection from weather conditions.
Other idea is that clothing may have been invented first for other purposes, such as magic, decoration, cult or prestige, and then later found to be
practical as means of protection. There are archeological findings as well as representation of clothing in art which can help to determine when particular
clothing appeared in history. There is a problem of preservation of archeological evidences because some place preserve findings better than other and from
some places we don’t have evidence at all.
Textiles appeared in the Middle East during the late Stone Age. There is evidence that suggests that humans may have begun wearing clothing somewhere from
100,000 to 500,000 years ago. Primitive sewing needles have been found and are dated to around 40,000 years ago. Dyed flax fibers which have been found in
a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia are old some 36,000 years. Some 25,000 years ago the Venus figurines started appearing in Europe, that were
depicted with clothing. They had basket hats or caps, belts at the waist and a strap of cloth above the breast.
First material used for clothing that was not leather but textile was probably felt. Nålebinding, which is another early textile method - a type of
precursor of knitting, appeared somewhere in 6500 BC as some evidence tells. At a Neolithic site at Çatalhöyük in Anatolia were found oldest known woven
textiles of the Near East. They were used for wrapping the dead. Flax was cultivated from c. 8000 BC in the Near East but sheep are bred much later in
3000BC. Cotton was used for clothing in Ancient India from 5th millennium BC. Linen cloth was made in Ancient Egypt from the Neolithic period. Flax was
grown even earlier. Ancient Egypt also knew about different spinning techniques like the drop spindle, hand-to-hand spinning, and rolling on the thigh as
well as about horizontal ground loom and vertical two-beam loom which came from Asia. Ancient Egyptians also used linen for bandages for mummification and
for kilts and dresses. The earliest proof of silk production in China dates from between 5000 and 3000 BC and is in the form of cocoon of the domesticated
silkworm which was cut in half by a sharp knife. Japan started with weaving in Jōmon period which lasted from 12,000 BC to 300BC. There is evidence of
pottery figurines that were depicted with clothing and a piece of cloth made from bark fibers dating from 5500BC. Some primitive needles weer also found as
well as hemp fibers and pattern imprints on pottery which proves existence of weaving techniques in Japan at that time. Silk Road was very important for
exchange of luxury textiles between East and West. It helped in the development of the great civilizations of China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, the Indian
subcontinent and Rome that traded along the route.
Different cultures approached to the clothing in different ways under the influence of climate, fashion, religion, and ecosystem. Under the same influences those cultures changed clothing throughout the history. Read about clothing history here.
Textiles were invented when humans needed them and some of them were invented by different cultures that never had any mutual contacts. Some were invented with one intent only to be later used for completely different one. History of textile is wide and colorful.
Knitting and weaving are two very interesting achievements of human race. Nobody knows who was the first who got the idea to make fabrics in that way but we know that the idea was brilliant.
Clothing in the ancient world
Ancient civilizations like Greece and Rome favored wide, unsewn lengths of fabric from which they constructed their clothing (fabric was expensive and they
didn’t want to cut it). Ancient Greek clothing was made of lengths of rectangular wool or linen cloth which was secured at the shoulders with ornamented
pins and belted with a sash. Women wore loose robe called peplos, men cloak called chlamys while both men and women wore chiton - a type of tunic which was
short to the knees for men and longer for women.
The toga of ancient Rome which was worn by free Roman men citizens was also an unsewn length of wool
cloth. Under the toga they wore a simple tunic which was made from two simple rectangles joined at the shoulders and sides. Roman women wore the draped
stola or a tunic that had length to the ground.
During the Iron Age that lasted from 1200 BC to 500 AD women of northwestern Europe wore wool dresses,
tunics and skirts which were held in place with leather belts and metal brooches or pins. Men wore breeches with leg wrappers for protections and long
trousers. They also wore caps and shawls made from animal skin and soft laced shoes made from leather.
During Medieval times the Byzantines made and exported very richly patterned cloth. Expensive variant was woven and embroidered while cheaper, intended for
lower classes was resist-dyed and printed. They wore tunics, or long chitons over which they wore dalmatica, which is a heavier and shorter type of tunica
or long cloaks.
At the same time look of European clothing depended on whether people who wore it identified with the old Romanized population or the new invaders such are
Franks, Anglo-Saxons or Visigoths. Men of the invading peoples wore short tunics with belts and visible trousers, hose or leggings. In 12th and 13th
century Europe clothing remained simple. In 13th century dyeing and working of wool improves and Crusaders bring with them craft of silk. Fashion begins in
Europe in 14th century.
In Renaissance Europe wool remained the most popular fabric for all classes but the linen and hemp were also used. More complex clothes were made and urban
middle class joins the fashion that was set by higher class and royalties. Early Modern Europe from 16th century sees even more complex fashion with ruffs,
passementerie and needlelace. Enlightenment introduces two types of clothing: “full dress” worn at Court and for formal occasions, and “undress” which are
everyday, daytime clothes. Full dress almost disappeared by the end of the 18th century.
Industrial revolution brings machines that spin, weave and sew and with that produce fabric that is of better quality, faster made and has lower price.
Production moves from small cottage production to fabrics with assembly lines.
20th century invents synthetic fibers that is cheaper than natural and which is mixed with many natural fibers.
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NFL At 100: Arrival of 1970s ushers in NFL’s modern era
A look at the NFL’s sixth decade, the 1970s:
FRANCHISES: The NFL’s final and biggest merger kicked the league into a new era in 1970, the start of a decade where pro football entered the modern era. Combining the AFL and NFL meant splitting 26 teams into two conferences.
Baltimore, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Denver, Houston, Kansas City, Miami, New England, New York Jets, Oakland, Pittsburgh and San Diego went to the new American Football Conference.
The National Football Conference featured Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Green Bay, Los Angeles Rams, Minnesota, New Orleans, New York Giants, Philadelphia, San Francisco, St. Louis Cardinals and Washington.
The NFL expanded to 28 teams in 1974 with Seattle and Tampa Bay starting play in 1976.
TOP TEAMS
Miami: Three straight Super Bowl berths, two titles and a perfect 17-0 season in 1972.
Pittsburgh: NFL’s first team to win three Super Bowl championships.
Dallas: Won two Super Bowls, lost two more — both to Pittsburgh.
TOP PLAYERS
O.J. Simpson, Buffalo. The former Heisman Trophy winner from Southern Cal became the first player in NFL history to run for more than 2,000 yards in a season in 1973, finishing with 2,003 yards.
Bob Griese, Miami. The quarterback led the Dolphins to three AFC titles and two Super Bowl victories.
Roger Staubach, Dallas. The two-time Super Bowl winner and a Super Bowl MVP led the NFL in passing four times, and the man coined the phrase “Hail Mary” for a desperation pass.
Walter Payton, Chicago. Sweetness ran for 275 yards on Nov. 20, 1977, then a single-game record.
Terry Bradshaw, Joe Greene, Jack Ham, Lynn Swan of Pittsburgh. All Hall of Famers for their roles in the Steelers’ dominating run.
Alan Page, Minnesota. The future Minnesota Supreme Court justice was a member of the Purple People Eaters. Page was only the second defensive player named the NFL’s MVP in 1971 and a two-time Defensive Player of the Year who had 173 sacks and played 238 straight games.
Ken Stabler, Oakland. His “Snake” nickname alone would’ve been enough, but the left-handed quarterback also was a two-time NFL MVP and a member of the All-Decade Team of the 1970s.
Earl Campbell of Houston. The NFL’s MVP and Rookie of the Year in 1978, he won the first of his four league rushing titles. His best season came in 1980 with 1,934 yards, and he finished with 9,407 yards rushing and 74 touchdowns in eight seasons.
TOP COACHES
Tom Landry: Took Dallas to five Super Bowls in this decade winning two titles and losing three others by a combined 11 points. Landry also coached the first wild-card team to reach a Super Bowl in January 1976.
Chuck Noll: Turned the Steelers into one of the best teams of all-time as the NFL’s first to win three Super Bowl titles with a Steel Curtin defense that sent four players to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
Don Shula: Led Miami to the NFL’s first undefeated regular season and finished off the only perfect season at 17-0 on Jan. 14, 1973. He also led the Dolphins to a second straight Super Bowl title.
MEMORABLE GAMES
The Immaculate Reception: If not for Franco Harris scooping the ball up before hitting the turf at Three Rivers Stadium, the Steelers’ run to three Super Bowl championships might’ve been delayed a year. Instead, he helped Pittsburgh beat the Oakland Raiders 13-7 for the Steelers’ first win in the playoffs on Dec. 23, 1972.
Sea of Hands: The Raiders ended Miami’s run of consecutive Super Bowl berths at three straight Dec. 21, 1974, with a playoff victory in Oakland. Stabler was being pulled down by Vern Den Herder when he shoved the ball toward the end zone where Clarence Davis grabbed the ball away from a pair of Dolphins defenders for the game-winning TD.
The Hail Mary: Last gasp throws had been called a “Hail Mary” try before Dec. 28, 1975. But Staubach finding Drew Pearson for a 50-yard TD pass to beat the Vikings in Minnesota branded such throws when Staubach explained his game-winning throw by saying, “I closed my eyes and said a Hail Mary.”
Ghost to the Post: The Raiders and Baltimore Colts played into double overtime of their AFC divisional playoff game on Dec. 24, 1977. Oakland won 37-31 only after Dave Casper caught a 42-yard pass from Stabler to set up the tying field goal late in regulation, and the tight end also caught a 10-yard TD pass for the victory in the fifth-longest game in NFL history.
Super Bowl Goes Indoors: The 1978 Super Bowl marked more than just Dallas’ second championship under Landry. The NFL took its marquee game indoors for the first time at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans on Jan. 15. Now the only way to play a Super Bowl away from a warm climate is with a roof over the field.
GAME CHANGERS
All Together: Names went on the back of jerseys, and the point after touchdown changed to one point. In 1972, owners decided to start counting tie games as a half-game won and lost. The NFL agreed in 1973 to use a uniform numbering system for jerseys limiting groups of numbers to different positions. Division winners started earning home-field advantage in the playoffs in 1975, the same year referees got wireless microphones. The head slap was outlawed in 1977.
Bigger season: The preseason went from six games to four with two games tacked onto the regular season for the 1978 season. A second wild-card team also was added to the postseason.
Football abroad: Long before London, the NFL tested its popularity outside North America on Aug. 16, 1976, when the then-St. Louis Cardinals beat San Diego 20-10 in an exhibition in Tokyo.
TV time: Congress started testing the blackout rule in 1973, requiring a sellout 72 hours before kickoff for teams to show games in local markets. The rule lasted until September 2014.
Commissioner Pete Rozelle negotiated the largest television package to date in 1977, making deals with all three networks for every regular season and playoff game for four years starting in 1978. ABC got the rights to 16 Monday night games, CBS got NFC games and the playoffs, while NBC got the AFC with the networks alternating Super Bowls.
And instant replay made its debut in 1978 with the NFL studying how to help officials during seven preseason games. | https://www.foxsports.com/nfl/story/nfl-at-100-arrival-of-1970s-ushers-in-nfl-s-modern-era-102519 |
The Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) represents one of the largest European CH4 emission source regions, with a total sum of 500 Gg CH4/a released by individual coal mine ventilation shafts. During the CoMet (Carbon Dioxide and Methane Mission) campaign in late spring 2018, airborne in-situ measurements were carried out aboard the DLR research aircraft Cessna Caravan. The Cessna was equipped with a cavity ring-down and a quantum cascade laser system to measure CH4 and CO2, as well as related tracers such as CO and C2H6. Additionally, air samples were collected and analyzed for greenhouse and trace gases, including isotopic ratios of CH4 and CO2. Meteorological parameters were measured with a boom mounted sensor package.
During nine research flights, CH4 emissions were studied by using an airborne Mass Balance Approach. Depending on the wind situation, different areas of the USCB region were targeted. To account for the lower part of the plume not accessible by the aircraft, a number of vans with mobile in-situ measurement systems conducted ground-based measurements in a coordinated manner. The derived methane emission estimate agrees well with bottom-up inventories like the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) and the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E‑PRTR). The CO2 emission estimate is at the lower end of the inventories. The CO emission estimate is higher than inventory values.
From simultaneous methane and ethane measurement the emission ratios of different subregions of the USCB could be determined. The emission ratios range from 19 to 290 CH4/C2H6 and are, thus, quite variable within this coal basin. From the analysis of collected flask air samples the isotopic composition of CH4 emissions was determined. Isotopic signatures of Polish USCB CH4 emissions are between -52.7‰ and -49.4‰ for δ13C and between -241‰ and -178‰ for δD. Samples taken in the Czech part of the USCB had a δD isotopic ratio of around -309‰, hinting at a larger influence of biogenic sources in this region. | https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-19119.html |
Connection is an integral key to holding space with another.
It requires real witnessing of them and ourselves, our own triggers, pain, or raw edges. It is the difficult work of seeing another and sitting with them in their space; witnessing their moment and ensuring; No, it’s letting go of any and all urge to jump in and participate with them or even compete and compare pain for pain.
It is in the true desire to simply hold another and wipe up the messy bits as they fall, to give love regardless, and to stay present with them in that moment. There is only room enough for what they bring and for us to simply BE.
In that space, with the ego left outside like a coat on a chair – a space that is real, raw, and free from any constraint, that connection fully develops. There is no work to be done. No tool to use other than that which flows out of reverence and honor for the other. It is full and pregnant with service, only mindful of that which can be given and extended as need sees fit or not. Restraint is service as well.
The sanctity of others’ struggles and challenges, traumas, and hardships, demand those of our own be ignored. They are afforded constant attention enough, but in that Holy Space, there exists only what fits from the heart of their grief; their pain.
We learn so much in those times, and it is only the wise and brave who step in those sacred connection spaces.
Yet it is those souls who have bared and shouldered their own share, that actually carve out, build, and create comfort; as a space to be envied and fit for The Divine. Souls who add ‘cozy chairs’ and ‘fine linens’ to those sacred spaces designed to connect, uplift, and transmute the pain or grief into LOVE; they are the gift.
It is they who know and who have traveled many of their own roads alone, that see weariness and need in others. Those souls who have met with loss or struggle and sat with them as intimate friends who share a “knowing” that only comes from having wounds cared for and treated in the most tender of ways. Sacred connection is set with intention and decorated with compassion, grace, and honor for the wisdom that enters the room as the lessons speak; and they do. In that space of holy communication, shared by the experiences themselves, those in attendance are initiated into a communal weaving of thread-work that displays the tapestry of hearts in eternal lightness. Connectedness.
Sacred connection is the soul’s space of remembrance and recognition that what lives within The Other dwells within The Self. It is they that set a beautiful table, a warm fire, and a fine bed for rest, they that know and connect.
The way of connection is a grace-filled journey, that not all know how to find, and many fear to go.
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*This article was originally published on August 1, 2019.
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Celebrating International Day of Happiness March 20th with a best-selling read!
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The Wellness Universe Guide to Complete Self-Care: 25 Tools for Happiness is that powerful expert toolkit you’ve been hoping for. You’ll find the authentic stories of our authors to inspire you, and then you’ll be blown away by the level of mastery with which they then teach you a practical tool for happiness. These are techniques for a positive mindset, balanced emotions, a healthy body, better eating habits, better communication skills, and more!
Because it’s time to be happy and this book will start you on your journey.
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The Wellness Universe is your resource for health, wellness, well-being, and transformation. We serve and support professionals who make the world a better place and individuals and groups who seek their best life.
A woman owned company; having the vision in 2013, Anna Pereira launched the first directory in 2015 bringing together a community of members making the world a better place to be found by those seeking their best life. The Wellness Universe has grown since then to be a one-stop shop for total wellness support! We are a vetted community, online directory, book publisher, resource center, event producer, content platform, and so much more, supporting whole-health and well-being on a global scale.
The Wellness Universe is a home that connects industry professionals in the health, wellness, and well-being fields to seekers of total well-being. WU provides our WU World-Changer members with peer support, Wellness Universe produced events (live and online), projects, visibility, business mentoring, and community. Through The Wellness Universe our WU World-Changer members serve WU Friends, seekers of health, wellness and transformation, with coaching, workshops, content and more.
The Wellness Universe provides individuals and groups seeking their best lives with access to our members, wellness content, educational resources, and guidance in all areas of wellness to transform visions of how they want to live life into the life they experience.
Through the directory, WU Featured Blog, SoulTreat wellness retreat, Self-Care Books, group well-being programs, and online learning center, The Lounge, The Wellness Universe provides many avenues to support whole health, mind, body, spirit and planet. | https://blog.thewellnessuniverse.com/the-sacred-space-of-connection-2/ |
The hopes, dreams, and goals of every athlete is the same, the top of the podium, the best of the best. Today’s elite athletes are well-trained, knowledgeable in bio-mechanics, and well-coached.
Yet, the most important factor of winning is not widely used.
If you think you are beaten, you are.
If you think you will lose, you’ve lost.
Success...it’s all in the state of mind.
"For two years after hip surgery and a back injury, I couldn’t get myself back on the podium. I was considering retiring. Then I met Tessa and decided to focus on the mental piece before retiring. She intuitively knew what needed to be healed mentally, emotionally, and physically. With Tessa’s help, I made my return to the top of the podium. Not only did I not retire, I am jumping the best I ever have. At the US Olympic Trials in 2016, I had a new personal best."
6 World Championships,
Olympic Gold and Silver medals
The challenges, skills, and beliefs necessary for an elite athlete are unique from other professions.
Self-worth, confidence, personal power, excellence, and greatness all begin with our beliefs. All of our thoughts and feelings, choices and decisions, actions, reactions, and experiences are based on our beliefs. Our performance on the competitive field is based on our beliefs. Success is based on our beliefs. To pursue excellence, to step into our greatness, and to believe in ourselves begins by examining, recognizing, taking ownership, and healing the dysfunctional, disempowering beliefs, thoughts, and feelings.
A necessary aspect of maximum performance for an elite athlete is a healthy body. The role of the physical body is to protect us so life can continue. If our hand gets too close to a flame, the body automatically pulls the hand back to safety. Once the body has been injured, a memory of the injury is stored in the cells of the body. Since the body’s role is to protect us and keep us safe, this memory can actually hamper exerting maximum effort. For maximum performance, the cell memory needs to be healed.
Fear, the lack of confidence, insecurity, and not feeling empowered scatters the body’s energy which diminishes performance. Understanding how to maximize energy is necessary for maximum performance.
What keeps an athlete off the podium is unique to each individual athlete, their issues, and their beliefs. To be at the top, the beliefs need to be healed, the body needs to feel safe, and the athlete needs to understand proper use of energy. | http://www.mentalcoachforathletes.com/elite-athletes |
Arizona has always been known for its natural beauty, its rich cowboy history and all of its timeless traditions. Arizona also has a low unemployment rate, making it one of the best places to live for millennials and anyone else looking to advance or change their career. The commercial world is constantly growing, and ample job opportunities are available primarily in the technology and bioscience industries.
In recent years, Arizona has had significant changes in crime rates. The overall rate of crime has dropped 9 percent in the last year, and murders and burglaries individually decreased by 10 percent as well. Although these are huge milestones for Arizona as a whole, residents of the following top 20 safest cities experienced even less crime over the last year. According to the most recent FBI Crime Report, the chances of being a victim of crimes in one of the 20 cities was up to 40 percent less than national averages.
Whether you want the small-town vibe of Pima or the big-city vibe that permeates Phoenix or Scottsdale, there’s a good chance you will be able to find a safe, secure place to call home.
What Are The Safest Cities in Arizona?
To find the top 20 safest cities in Arizona, we reviewed the most recent data from the FBI Crime Report from 2014 and combined it with population data from each city. We eliminated any city with less than 2,000 residents, as well as any city that did not provide a complete crime report to the FBI. We then narrowed the results to indicate only the number of violent and property crimes that were reported in each city. We calculated the results based on the likelihood of these crimes occurring per 1,000 people.
Check the remaining cities below:
1. Florence
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 1.28
Property Crimes per 1,000: 5.98
At a rate of only 5.98 crimes per 1,000 residents, Florence can boast having the lowest property crime rate of any of the cities on our top 20 list. Florence is also considered one of the best cities to live in Arizona for people who prefer a small-town lifestyle, but with easy access to the big city. Located just 61 miles southeast of Phoenix, Florence has a relatively small population of 25,536 as of the 2010 census. Florence is also a growing city: The estimated 2014 population is 26, 912.
Florence is rich in history. The city was founded in 1866 by a U.S. Indian agent named Levi Ruggles, who recognized the area for its abundant agricultural potential. The city was also the site of a large prison camp for German and Italian POWs during the World War II era.
These days, the relaxed, friendly, safe environment makes Florence one of the best places to live in Arizona for anyone looking to escape the hustle and bustle of the big city, or simply wants to enjoy the beautiful weather throughout the year.
2. Clarkdale
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 1.45
Property Crimes per 1,000: 10.17
With a population of approximately 4,100 citizens, Clarkdale is the epitome of small-town Arizona living at its finest. Originally founded as a copper mining town in the early 1900s, Clarkdale is one of the earliest known examples of a planned community in the United States. The town’s original design included telegraph lines and amenities such as telephone, electrical and sewer service.
While the closing of the copper mine and copper smelting operation in the early 1950s initially resulted in significant hardship for Clarkdale and its citizens, the construction of the Phoenix Cement Co. facility in 1959 started the city on the road to economic recovery. The cement plant remains as Clarkdale’s primary employer to this day.
The combination of beautiful weather, quiet lifestyle and low crime rate makes Clarkdale attractive to retirees. In fact, the city is primarily known as a retirement community. Clarkdale is also somewhat of a haven for artists – the city features a prominent annual art show and includes a popular community theater.
3. Wellton
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 0.34
Property Crimes per 1,000: 12.01
Wellton is located in southwestern Arizona, approximately 30 miles from Yuma. Incorporated in 1970, Wellton is a relatively new city with a small population of about 3,000 residents. However, the population typically doubles during the winter season, as residents of the colder Western states and portions of Canada flock there to seek temporary refuge from the bitter winter weather. Two challenging 18-hole golf courses, along with the warm climate, serve as the primary attractive for seasonal visitors. Despite being classified as a small town, Wellton offers all the modern amenities one would expect to find in a larger community.
The low crime rate and ample recreational activities make Wellton one of the best cities in Arizona to live in as well as visit. Annual events include Pioneer Days, Tractor Rodeo, Fishing Derby and numerous Tri-Valley celebrations. Wellton also holds appeal for history buffs. Although it was not officially incorporated until 1970, Wellton was actually founded in 1878. While the stagecoach and later the rail industry thrived during Wellton’s early days, agriculture serves as the foundation for the city’s economy today.
4. Sahuarita
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 0.33
Property Crimes per 1,000: 14.44
According to FBI statistics, Sahuarita is the second-safest city in Arizona with regard to violent crime. Located in Pima County approximately 15 miles south of Tucson, Sahuarita features a population of about 27,500. In addition to its safety and proximity to the Tucson metro area, Sahuarita offers a beautiful high desert climate – the elevation is about 9,000 feet above sea level – a modern downtown area with a small historic district and much in the way of arts and culture. All of this has helped Sahuarita earn the reputation as being one of the best places to live for young adults, families and retirees in Arizona.
Sahuarita’s history dates back to the year 200 A.D. when the Hohokam people, believed to be ancestors of the Tohono O’odham Native American tribe, first inhabited the area. The region was eventually incorporated into the United States in 1854 and became part of the Territory of New Mexico. The actual town of Sahuarita was founded in 1911, but it wasn’t incorporated as a city until 1994.
5. Pima
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 0.80
Property Crimes per 1,000: 14.48
Pima is a small, rural community located in the Gila Valley region in southeastern Arizona. Originally founded in 1879 by Mormon settlers who named the town Smithville, Pima encompasses a 2.5-square-mile area and features a population of approximately 2,500 residents. Pima is the site of the Gila Valley Arizona Temple, a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, also known as the Mormon Church. The small population and rural lifestyle makes Pima among the best places to live with family members or as a single individual who is looking for a quiet, peaceful environment to enjoy some solitude.
Education, health care and social assistance ranks as the top employment categories in the Pima area, followed by retail trade, agriculture, arts, construction and finance. Despite its small size, Pima is also regarded as a business-friendly community. This is in large part due to its convenient location and proximity to larger business markets – Pima is approximately 128 miles from Tucson and 152 miles from Phoenix – as well as its abundance of modern amenities.
6. Gilbert
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 0.89
Property Crimes per 1,000: 14.75
Located just 22 miles southeast of Phoenix, Gilbert has experienced tremendous growth in recent decades: The population of approximately 5,000 in the mid-1980s has mushroomed to well over 200,000 today. Despite this enormous growth, Gilbert features remarkably low violent and property crime rates. The combination of safe living, prime location in the Phoenix metro region and rapid transformation from an agricultural society to a thriving, economically diverse suburban center has made Gilbert among the best places to live for millennials and young families.
Although Gilbert is now regarded as a booming, modern Arizona city, it actually traces its origins to the beginning of the 20th century. In 1902, William “Bobby” Gilbert sold a right-of-way through land he owned in the Mesa area to the Phoenix and Eastern Railroad Co., which subsequently constructed what became known as the Arizona Eastern Railway. A spur line was built on Gilbert’s property, which soon became the site of an agricultural community that was eventually named Gilbert. Safe to say, Gilbert has come a long way from its early days when it was known as the Hay Shipping Capital of the World.
7. San Luis
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 1.56
Property Crimes per 1,000: 14.25
San Luis has earned the nickname Gateway to the Sea of Cortez due its proximity to the body of water that separates the Mexican mainland from the Baja California Peninsula. Located just 23 miles from Yuma, San Luis was the fastest-growing city in Arizona from 2000 to 2010. The city’s population continues to increase at a rapid rate, growing from 25,505 at the 2010 census to approximately 31,000 as of 2014. As a Mexican border town, San Luis consists of a large Hispanic population. Both sides of the border contain numerous light manufacturing and assembly plants.
A primary reason for San Luis’s tremendous growth is the city’s annexation of about 16,000 acres of land bordering the eastern portion of the town. This has helped to fuel a tremendous amount of residential, commercial and industrial expansion in the area. Retail trade, manufacturing and agriculture compose the bulk of the San Luis economy. However, the primary employer in San Luis is the city’s school district. The Arizona State Prison complex in Yuma also offers a number of employment opportunities.
8. Somerton
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 1.65
Property Crimes per 1,000: 14.20
Another of the best cities in Arizona in terms of safety and lifestyle is Somerton. Located about 12 miles from Yuma, Somerton traces its roots to 1898 and was incorporated as a city 20 years later. Somerton has a population of approximately 15,000 living in an area encompassing about 1.3 square miles. Somerton is known for its cultural diversity due its proximity to the Mexican border, as well as it being the home region of the Cocopah Native American tribe. The Cocopah Nation is also a major employer in the area, as it operates several entertainment and lodging facilities.
A primary attraction in Somerton is the annual Tamale Festival, which draws about 30,000 visitors each year. The festival, which is organized by the El Diablo Arizona State University Alumni chapter to benefit area students planning to attend ASU, features a wide variety of tamale vendors who sell their delicious Mexican fare to attendees.
While agriculture is the primary economic driver in the Somerton area, light industry is rapidly becoming an economic force, as well as a key source of employment throughout the region.
9. Surprise
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 1.10
Property Crimes per 1,000: 16.79
Surprise derives its name from its founder, Flora Mae Statler, who reportedly claimed that she would be “surprised if the city ever amounted to much.” Despite this inauspicious beginning, Surprise is now considered one of the best places to live in Arizona, especially for seniors. Located in Maricopa County about 30 miles from Phoenix, Surprise has experienced phenomenal growth in recent years. The 2000 census population of 30,848 has swelled to an estimated 126,275 as of 2014. This makes Surprise the second-fastest growing city in the Phoenix metro area, trailing only the city of Gilbert.
Surprise’s growth is primarily attributed to the influx of retirees who are attracted by the abundant Arizona sunshine and numerous retirement communities. Sun City Grand, a prominent resort-like retirement village designed and built by the well-known Del E. Webb Construction Co., is located in the Surprise area. Surprise Stadium is the spring training home of the Texas Rangers and Kansas City Royals, making the city a popular destination for baseball fans from all over the United States during the spring.
10. Eagar
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 1.02
Property Crimes per 1,000: 17.08
Eager is one of the best places to live in Arizona for those who do not prefer the hot desert climate that dominates so much of the state. Located at the base of the picturesque White Mountains in northeastern Arizona at an elevation of 7,000 feet, Eager appeals to people who like to experience the summer, spring, fall and winter seasons. The low crime rate, laidback lifestyle and abundance of outdoor recreational activities makes Eager ideally suited for families and anyone who is looking to escape the big city. With a population of 5,000 residents, Eager offers a small-town vibe that so many people are striving for these days.
Eager derives its name from Thomas Eager, the homesteader who founded the town in the latter part of the 19th century. The name was changed to Union to symbolize the quest for unity among the numerous small settlements in the region. The name was then changed back to Eager when the city was incorporated in 1948. Eager and the neighboring town of Springerville are now referred to as Round Valley.
11. Snowflake-Taylor
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 4.85
Property Crimes per 1,000: 14.87
Snowflake and the neighboring town of Taylor are located in the beautiful White Mountains region of north central Arizona, about a two-hour drive from Flagstaff and a three-hour drive from the Phoenix metro area. The two towns feature a combined population of about 10,000 residents and have experienced steady growth in recent years. While one might think that Snowflake is named for its mountain location, it actually derives its name from its founders, Mormon pioneers Erastus Snow and Willian Jordon Flake. In fact, the Snowflake-Taylor region receives only about 15.2 inches of snow on average per year.
The Snowflake-Taylor area offers much in the way of outdoor recreational activities including hiking, fishing, camping, skiing, snowmobiling and ice fishing, making it an appealing place to live for those who prefer fresh air and a slower pace of life. Nearby attractions include the Petrified National Forest and the Painted Desert, both of which are located less than 50 miles to the north. The Navajo Indian Reservation is also within easy driving distance.
12. Buckeye
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 0.50
Property Crimes per 1,000: 19.63
Buckeye offers easy access to the big city along with all the benefits of living in a smaller town, including low property and violent crime rates. Located 30 miles from Phoenix, Buckeye is the westernmost suburb of the Phoenix metro area. Open desert and towering mountain ranges lie immediately to the west of Buckeye. The city’s estimated 2014 population was 59,470, a substantial increase from the 2010 census figure of 50,876. However, this pales in comparison to the humongous growth between 2000 and 2010. At the start of the 21st century, Buckeye’s population was a scant 6,537 and increased by a whopping 678 percent in just 10 years.
Buckeye derives its name from its founder, Ohio native Malin M. Jackson. In the late 1880s, Jackson developed 10 miles of land around a waterway that he called the Buckeye Canal – with Ohio being known as The Buckeye State. He originally named the newly created town Sidney after his Ohio hometown, but soon changed it to Buckeye due to the importance of the canal to the town and surround area.
13. Thatcher
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 0.20
Property Crimes per 1,000: 20.99
If you are seeking to live in the safest city in Arizona in terms of the lack of violent crime, you will want to consider the small town of Thatcher. Located in Graham County in southeastern part of the state just a few miles to the north of Mt. Graham, Thatcher features an estimated population of just 5,000 residents. The surrounding area is largely rural, making Thatcher extremely appealing to those who prefer open spaces as opposed to big-city living.
As with many of the towns in this part of Arizona, Thatcher has Mormon roots. The town was founded in the late 18th century by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. The first official settler was a Mormon named John M. Moody, who arrived in Thatcher in 1881 with his family. Today, Thatcher is the home of Eastern Arizona College, primarily a two-year college that also features a nursing school. The Gila Valley Arizona Temple, a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, is also located in the Thatcher area.
14. Peoria
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 1.48
Property Crimes per 1,000: 20.03
Peoria is a northern suburb of Phoenix. With an estimated 167,000 inhabitants, Peoria ranks as the ninth-largest city in Arizona in terms of population. Peoria also encompasses 178 square miles, making it the sixth-largest Arizona city in terms of land and water mass. While most of Peoria lies in the Salt River Valley, the northern portions extend into the surrounding mountains. In 2008, Peoria had the distinction of making Money magazine’s list of the Top 100 Places to Live in the United States.
Peoria was named for the city of Peoria, Illinois. In the late 1800s, several of what would become Peoria’s original settlers were recruited from Illinois to help establish a community near the newly constructed Arizona Canal. The construction of a spur line of the Santa, Prescott and Phoenix Railroad in Peoria near the end of the 19th century helped to fuel the town’s growth. These days, Peoria is rapidly becoming known as a resort and leisure community that attracts retirees from the nearby northeast valley, as well as from the colder climates in the U.S.
15. Lake Havasu City
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 1.66
Property Crimes per 1,000: 20.97
Lake Havasu City rests upon the eastern shore of Lake Havasu, a large reservoir on the Arizona-California border created by the construction of Parker Dam on the Colorado River. Unlike many Arizona cities that trace their roots to the Old West, Lake Havasu City offers a more recent history. The city started as an Army Air Corps rest camp during the World War II era. The subsequent acquisition of 13,000 acres of federal land surrounding Lake Havasu in the 1950s led to the further development of the city.
Today, Lake Havasu City boasts an estimated population of approximately 53,000 residents. A prominent feature in the area is the old London Bridge that spans a portion of the Colorado River. The bridge was purchased from the city of London in 1968 when it was removed to enable the construction of a new bridge. Lake Havasu City is a popular destination for college students on spring break due its abundance of beachfront resorts and other activities geared toward the university crowd. The city’s youthful vibe also makes it one of the best places to live for young adults.
16. Wickenburg
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 2.40
Property Crimes per 1,000: 21.48
Wickenburg lies about 65 miles to the northwest of Phoenix. Billing itself as an authentic Western town, Wickenburg takes pride in its rich culture and history. With its relatively remote location and small population of approximately 6,600 residents, Wickenburg ranks as one of the best cities to live in Arizona for those who are for a laidback lifestyle, while still having easy access to a major metropolitan area. When you come to Wickenburg, you can expect to find plenty of horses, hats, history and hospitality.
The Arizona gold rush of the mid-1860s provided the impetus for the founding of Wickenburg. A German prospector named Henry Wickenburg made the long journey from his homeland to Arizona in hopes of striking gold. Wickenburg’s efforts were successful: His Vulture Mine in the Vulture Mountains ultimately produced more than $30 million in gold. While the nearby town that sprung up during the gold rush bears Wickenburg’s name to this day, it wasn’t until the post-World War II era that the community was developed into a modern American town.
17. Chandler
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 1.85
Property Crimes per 1,000: 22.36
Although Chandler is technically a suburb of Phoenix, it is a large, thriving American city in its own right. Chandler’s estimated population of 254,276 makes it the fourth-largest city in Arizona and 78th largest in the United States. This represents a significant growth since the 2010 census, when the population was listed as 236,123. Thus, Chandler epitomizes the tremendous expansion that is prevalent throughout the Phoenix metro area.
Chandler has much to offer in terms of economic opportunity, making it one of the best places to live for millennials, young professionals and anyone else seeking career growth. Many major companies have headquarters and satellite campuses in the Chandler area, including Intel, Wells Fargo, Bank of America and Verizon Wireless, to name a few. Much of the job growth has occurred along the so-called South Arizona Avenue Corridor, an area of the city spanning between Arizona Avenue and Gilbert Road. Since 2003, nearly 3,000 jobs have been created in this area alone.
18. Prescott Valley
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 2.20
Property Crimes per 1,000: 23.18
Prescott Valley is located in central Arizona about 90 miles due north of the Phoenix metro area. With an estimated population of about 42,000, Prescott Valley ranks as the 24th-largest city in Arizona. Prescott Valley’s elevation is approximately 5,100 feet above sea level, making it among the best cities in Arizona for those who prefer mountain living over the desert. Prescott National Forest, located just 10 minutes away, offers ample opportunities to participate in outdoor activities such as fishing, hiking, boating and camping.
The discovery of gold along Lynx Creek in 1863 caused many people to flood to the Prescott Valley area. The region, which was formerly known as Lonesome Valley, was eventually settled by ranchers during the 1880s, who supplied beef to the miners and other settlers in the area. The 1890s saw the development of the first hydraulic gold mining operation in Lynx Creek Canyon, which was followed by a gold dredging operation in the 1930s. The modern Prescott Valley economy consists of a mixed bag of manufacturing, industrial, service and retail businesses.
19. Camp Verde
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 3.26
Property Crimes per 1,000: 26.69
Camp Verde is yet another rural, picturesque small town in Arizona that is also steeped in history and tradition. Located about 90 miles north of Phoenix near the historic Montezuma Castle National Monument and Fort Verde State Historic Park, Camp Verde is a favorite tourist destination. However, the small population of about 11,000 and beautiful mountain setting makes Camp Verde one of the best cities to live in Arizona for families and individuals who want to get away from it all.
Camp Verde is known for its numerous festivals held throughout the year. The Camp Verde Cornfest has been a popular annual summer event since 1991 and offers much in the way of food, music and family entertainment. Other yearly events that draw plenty of visitors include October’s Fort Verde Days, the June Crawdad Festival and the February Pecan, Wine and Antiques Festival.
20. Payson
Violent Crimes per 1,000: 3.61
Property Crimes per 1,000: 24.68
Payson is located in the virtual geographical center of the state, about 90 miles northeast of Phoenix. The drive from the Phoenix area to Payson along Route 87 is renowned for its scenic beauty. Payson is nestled between the Tonto National Forest and Mazatzal Wilderness area, making it the ideal spot for outdoorsmen. The Mogollon Rim, which forms the southern boundary of the Colorado Plateau, is located just north of Payson and features many cold-water lakes that are popular fishing destinations.
Payson’s estimated population is 15,245, which actually represents a slight decrease from the 2010 census figure. Payson is known for its rural Western culture. A popular event is the annual Arizona State Championship Old Time Fiddlers Contest, which attracts prominent fiddle players from across the United States. Payson also stages multiple rodeo events each year. Doin’s Rodeo, which takes place every August, is known as the world’s oldest continuous rodeo. The Tonto Apache Indian Reservation sponsors the Gary Hardt Memorial Rodeo each May.
Here are the remaining Arizona cities:
|21. Nogales||22. St. Johns||23. El Mirage|
|24. Mesa||25. Prescott||26. Chino Valley|
|27. Eloy||28. Apache Junction||29. Quartzsite|
|30. Pinetop-Lakeside||31. Casa Grande||32. Yuma|
|33. Bullhead City||34. Phoenix||35. Williams|
|36. Coolidge||37. Flagstaff||38. Tempe|
|39. Kingman||40. Holbrook||41. Globe|
|42. Page||43. Tolleson||44. South Tucson|
Is it Safe Where You Live?
No matter where you live, feeling safe in your house and home will bring greater peace of mind for you and your family. Even if your city is on our list, Titan Alarm still recommends that you add extra security to your home with a monitored home security system from Titan Alarm. To learn more about home security services that we offer, give us a call 602-680-4567 or contact us today!
Learn More About Home Security
- The Best Line Of Home Security
- The Com Test
- Things To Do In Tucson
- Tips For Maintaining Your Home Security System
Updated by Titan Alarm on November 5, 2018. | https://titanalarm.com/2016/04/ |
Icons • Icons are small signs standing for objects, processes, structures, or data. • A computer icon is a small graphic, usually ranging from 16 pixels by 16 pixels up to 128 pixels by 128 pixels, which represents a file, folder, application or device on a computer operating system.
History of Icons • 1960’s - Ivan Sutherlands Sketchpad • 1973 - The concept of the computer “icon” formalized by David Smith. • 1976 - Icons were revised and developed as a tool for making computer interfaces easier for novices by Xerox Palo Alto Research Center for the Xerox Star 8010. • 1981 - The Xerox Star 8010 was the first computer to implement the metaphors “desktop,” “window,” and “icon.”
Apple Lisa • Lisa 7/7 • LisaWrite • LisaCalc • LisaGraph • LisaList • LisaProject • LisaDraw • LisaTerminal
Icons Today • Virtually every major computer operating system has the ability to use an icon-based graphical user interface (GUI) to display information. • The creation of a good function icon can be considered as an art form in itself
Icon Types • Application Icons • Hardware Icons • Utility Icons • Removable Media Icons • Toolbar Icons • Document Icons • Printer Icons • Viewer Icons • Player Icons • Accessory Icons
Icon Design An Icon should: • Meet the needs of the audience • Implement the appropriate perspective • Use shadow and single light source • Use universal imagery that people will easily recognize • Be Simple • Use color smartly
Descriptive Graphics • A Descriptive Graphic is visual representation of information or data. • Also known as an information graphic, infogram. Common types of descriptive graphics are: • Chart • Graph • Diagram • Topographic Map • Map • Signage System
History • 7500 BC Prehistory - Maps • 1786 - W.Playfair developed first known graphs • 1876 - first chemical bond representation by James J. Sylvester Dr John Snow Cholera Map, 1854 A contaminated water pump in Broad Street proved to be the source for the spread of cholera in London.
Today • Information graphics are specialized forms of depiction that represent their content in sophisticated and often abstract ways. • Fundamental decoding skill must be applied for individual elements such as graphics and icons. • Commonly used forms: Schedules, road maps, daily weather charts, transport system
Design of Descriptive Graphics • Organize • Reveal the Data • Focus on the content • Several levels of detail • Purpose • Make large data comprehensible
Web links Map of creativity http://www.ngf.org.uk/map/map.html Huricane Katrina http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/national/2005_HURRICANEKATRINA_GRAPHIC/index.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1129435560-xjHq+2bbTGgN66jhTJjKFw Travel time http://www.princeton.edu/~ina/maps/non_geographic/index.html
References Books Marcus, Aaron (1992). Graphic design for electronic documents and user interfaces. New York, N.Y. Addison-Wesley. RAJAMANICKAM, VENKATESH (2005) Infographics Seminar Handout. National Institute of Design. Ahmedabad. Rosenfeld, L., & Morville, P. (2002). Information Architecture for the World Wide Web (2nd ed.). Cambridge ; Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly. Sassoon, Rosemary, & Albertine Gaur (1997). Signs, symbols and icons : pre-history to the computer age. Exeter : Intellect. Tufte, Edward R. (1983) Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, Conn. : Graphics Press Tufte, Edward R. (1991) Envisioning information.Cheshire, Conn.: Graphics Press Van Duyne, D. K., Landay, J. A., & Hong, J. I. (2002). The Design of Sites. Addison-Wesley. | https://www.slideserve.com/oshin/logos |
The Op-Ed column is a space for readers and contributors to sound off about Art Practical's content and to contribute to the larger conversation about Bay Area art which Art Practical supports.
Re-Engineering is a series of op-ed articles and real-time conversations co-produced by Art Practical and the Gray Area Foundation for the Arts that invites constructive dialogue between the region's art and technology sectors. By bringing together seemingly disparate voices from both communities, these conversations underscore the creative impulses, capacity to take risks, and desire for positive social impact that these groups have in common.
"Re-engineering" is a periodic series of Op-Eds that address art, gentrification and the new tech economy. This is the fourth installment.
—Barry Threw
Artwork using digital technology seems poised to gain greater recognition around the globe. But where is the infrastructure to support it, and where is San Francisco positioned in this burgeoning field?
Over the past decade, I’ve listened as artists living and working in San Francisco have persistently voiced their frustration that a city on the forefront of technology and culture offers little to no support for artists working at this intersection. These conversations usually end on a note of despair, and intentions of moving to New York or Los Angeles, but it is clear that the immense artistic talent in the Bay Area could be foregrounded in the international community. All that is needed is a supportive framework.
Last year I cofounded Artup with collaborator Mat Dryhurst in an attempt to address this impasse head-on. Artup is a community meet-up and fund intended to catalyze tangible interactions between people at the intersection of contemporary art and digital technology.
On March 25, 2014, at Gallery 16, we will hold our next event, “Venture Culture,” in partnership with Art Practical and as part of the Re-Engineering forum. It will be dedicated to exploring one approach to bridging these seemingly disparate worlds: the Cultural Incubator. Julia Kaganskiy, Director of NEW INC, and Jaime Cortez, artist and writer, will consider between themselves and with the audience the challenges and opportunities these types of institutions present.
_____
However tempting it may be to choose sides, this is a false dichotomy.
It is nearly impossible for anyone currently living in the Bay Area to be unaware of the Kulturkampf ravaging the comment threads of our social forums. Ostensibly a clash between a parasitic technology sector reconfiguring society through face computers and tinted-window buses, and an undefined group of “other people that were here before them,” this struggle presents itself in polarizing terms that mask more complex, underlying issues of public policy and societal balkanization.1
The vast rift apparent between San Francisco’s technology and art worlds is marked by misunderstanding and a lack of communication that threatens to rob the city of its opportunity to be the epicenter of new paradigms of cultural production. However tempting it may be to choose sides, this is a false dichotomy. By seeking ways to mend the fractures between camps and finding common ground, we can leverage the innovative and creative expertise unique to the Bay Area in service of transformative art.
For artists, this moment presents enormous opportunities for critical engagement and aesthetic interrogation, particularly for those of us actively working with technology in our practice. As we are increasingly confronted with the digital permeation of daily life, it is vital to produce and support work that uses such technology as a lens to protest the cultural fissures rent by its proliferation.2
Yet the infrastructure to catalyze creative speculations and cross-disciplinary collaborations in creative engineering is woefully inadequate, a conspicuous omission in this most technological of regions. The tech world, for all its accumulated wealth and proclivity for societal solutions, has been largely uninterested in contributing to the cultural institutions shaping San Francisco’s aesthetic identity.3 Counterintuitively, newly minted collectors seem much more interested in collecting traditional art than in experimental transmedia or internet works. Even worse, the rising real-estate market fueled by seeded startups and internet giants has actively displaced many of the galleries that provide the crucial outposts for artists’ livelihoods.4
On the other side of the coin, the established art world often views technology with skepticism.
When initiatives from Silicon Valley do appear, they are often more focused on building internal company culture than bolstering existing community infrastructure at large. For example, a recent commission opportunity from Google labeled DevArt is a competition for “a new type of art” that is “made with code.” The effort is either ignorant of or willfully rejects preexisting local programs, such as Art Hack Day, the Creative Coders meetup, UC Berkeley’s Art, Technology, and Culture Colloquium, SFAI's Design and Technology Salons, BAM/PFA's L@TE series, and Southern Exposure's Extended Play workshops, among many others, which have been already actively engaging the subject for years and often to critical acclaim. Instead, we get a walled-garden effort that seems to be more invested in reinforcing Google’s brand as a global innovator than in boosting the local environment that birthed it. The first city exhibiting the DevArt projects? London.5
On the other side of the coin, the established art world often views technology with skepticism.6 Seldom do museums or galleries have staff with sufficient working knowledge of the tech landscape to adequately program or contextualize new-media work. Contemporary art is a notoriously difficult subject with which to gain a comfort level, and traditional institutions offer little recourse for direct engagement with tech workers interested in tangible interaction and innovation. Even as the tech world has shown little support of the cultural sector, the arts have failed to offer much of an olive branch in the form of outreach that plays to those with interests in software development, electronics, hacking, and play.7
We are left with a seemingly intractable problem of how to create a dialogue between two different worldviews that don’t share a common language.8 It stands to reason that we need to explore new efforts that eschew shibboleths and instead promote the kind of cultural practices that normally fall through the cracks of existing institutional structures. An alternative model and creative workspace gaining traction is the cultural incubator. These new hybrid institutions blur the lines between art and commerce, embracing both new prototypes of cultural production and new modes of resource allocation to accelerate such work. Taking inspiration from tech-startup incubators and co-working spaces, cultural incubators attempt to bridge the gap between the humanities, providing a platform for interdisciplinary work spanning art, design, technology innovation, and entrepreneurship.
The concept has already garnered criticism.
The recently announced NEW INC is the first museum-affiliated space to champion such a model. Conceived by the New Museum, NEW INC consists of “11,000 square feet of dedicated workspace, labs, social areas, kitchen, and event space.”9 Candidates apply to access these facilities with either a full-time membership at $600 per month or a part-time membership at $350 per month.
NEW INC is interested in projects that resist classification as either fine arts or functional innovation. Tapped to lead the project is Julia Kaganskiy, founder of the #ArtsTech meetup and former Global Editor of Intel and VICE’s Creators Project. Says Kaganskiy,
“Because a lot of these hybrid creative practitioners defy traditional categorization, they’re having a hard time finding a home for these ideas, to develop these projects further. Those are some of the people we’re targeting in this phase; people who are in the art and design practice but are working with technology and experimenting with new modes of cultural production.”10
NEW INC will offer lectures and other programming to help facilitate the survival of these misfit projects, providing pragmatic advice from the startup scene to bolster work less focused on the bottom line.
The concept has already garnered criticism. Valid questions are being asked about whether the relationship between startup culture and museums is in the best interest of either party.11 There are valid concerns about whether partnerships of businesses and museums will accept the risks necessary to foment art that really breaks new ground.12 These questions seem to fear that systemic ownership of culture by capital will regiment and supplant art. But what these new institutions hope to provide are environments to provoke organic interactions between art and technology that can suggest answers to these questions. It seems wise to at least allow the experiments to run their course.
The model is not without successful precedents. In 1966, engineers Billy Klüver and Fred Waldhauer and artists Robert Rauschenberg and Robert Whitman founded the Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T) program. Ten New York artists worked with thirty engineers and scientists from Bell Labs to create installation and performance works using new technologies. The E.A.T. program culminated in a massive immersive installation at the Pepsi Pavilion at Expo ’70 in Osaka, Japan, and spawned twenty-eight regional chapters.
You create a new model and make the old one obsolete.
The Los Angeles County Museum of Art recently relaunched its Art + Technology Lab program. The original Art and Technology program at LACMA, which ran from 1967 to 1971, paired artists with major technology and engineering corporations. The current endeavor “will award grants, in-kind support, and facilities at the museum to help artists take purposeful risks in order to explore new boundaries in both art and science.”13 It has many corporate partners, with support from Accenture, DAQRI, NVIDIA, Google, and SpaceX.
Here in San Francisco, the Gray Area Foundation for the Arts launched its first location in the mid-Market district of San Francisco in 2007 in a vacant 4,000-square-foot building. The facility housed an events space, for-rent artist studios, and co-working space, exploring some of the same notions of collaboration that are reappearing in this new wave of programs. Over the course of the last six years and three locations, Gray Area has partnered with groups such as the MIT SENSEable City Lab, Palomar5, and the Stanford d.School to create possibilities for interdisciplinary art collaborations that seep into civic engagement. Soon, Gray Area will announce a massive new location that builds upon the cultural-incubator concept with workshops, dedicated and immersive performance and theater space, and co-working arrangements.
An oft-quoted remark by R. Buckminster Fuller says, “In order to change an existing paradigm, you do not struggle to try and change the problematic model. You create a new model and make the old one obsolete.”14 These words seem appropriate now as we search for adaptive mechanisms to catalyze and nurture work that doesn’t fit preexisting molds. The relationship between technology and art will only become more fluid, requiring novel foundations open to experimentation, ambiguity, and flexibility to recalibrate our notions of what both contemporary art and technology innovation can be. Grappling with different and conflicting perspectives is the only way to move forward. San Francisco has the preexisting conditions necessary to be a global center for art+tech; we hope to hear your opinion at an upcoming Artup so we may forge our path together.
----
Barry Threw is an artist working with experiential technology. He is an advisor with the Gray Area Foundation for the Arts, director of software at Obscura Digital, and co-founder of Artup. | https://www.artpractical.com/column/op-ed-reengineering-venture-culture-platforms-for-arttech/ |
Sylvia Hurtado to Deliver 2021 AERA Distinguished Lecture
Rescheduled event highlights work of scholar of sociology of education.
UCLA Professor of Education Sylvia Hurtado will deliver the 2021 AERA Distinguished Lecture on Thursday, Sept. 30, 6-7 p.m., EDT. The lecture, titled “The Inevitability of Racial Bias and Exclusion: Implications for Identity-Based Education and Practice,” is rescheduled from the Virtual Annual Meeting in April. The event will include a welcome from AERA President Na’ilah Suad Nasir and an introduction from AERA Past President Shaun R. Harper, with an open discussion with Q&A from virtual attendees following Hurtado’s lecture.
A brief abstract from Hurtado states:
“Racial/ethnic identity groups have endured racial profiling, are targets of hate crimes, and are often viewed not as individuals but as a faceless mass on a daily basis—even in classrooms. Dr. Hurtado personalizes “facelessness” using research on campus racial climates and Latinx experiences, articulating how our tendencies for recognition bias are perpetuated and reinforced at the individual and institutional levels in education. She articulates the need for identity-based education, re-humanizing practices, and increased specificity to target racial equity aims in higher education.”
A longstanding AERA Fellow, Hurtado is a professor in the division of Higher Education and Organizational Change in the UCLA School of Education and Information Studies. As a first-generation Latina student from San Antonio, Texas, she has made a lifelong study of the sociology of education. Influenced by her experiences, her scholarship focuses on student educational outcomes, campus racial climates, and equity and inclusion in higher education.
Hurtado says that looking back on her career as an academic researcher, “You think about your career and [wonder], ‘What message can I send?’ and what I was thinking about was really trying to touch people … where the issues of race and recognition and identity become very personal, and that reflects a lot of my research and my teaching.
“I hope that I touch those chords with this talk, and also tie it [together] not just at the individual level but also at the institutional [level],” Hurtado notes. “As we’ve seen, recognition bias is about creating this facelessness… not really understanding the differences, not recognizing people’s identities. It happens on a daily basis, but we also know that there are some very serious consequences to recognition bias when it plays into racial profiling or hate crimes. This is a great time to have a broader conversation about how those issues really impact us individually, in how we look at each other and how we become more humane in understanding and appreciating our identities.”
Professor Hurtado says that identity-based education goes beyond the aims of culturally responsiveness, “… recognizing multiple social identities humanizes our interactions because now we understand a little bit more about each other, or, are wiling to learn,” with a recognition of the uniqueness within and among groups that may seem, to those outside those groups, almost the same.
“Identity is incredibly important to specific groups – their cultural traditions, their histories of immigration, all of that,” notes Hurtado. “And becoming more identity-focused, we actually incorporate that in our teaching, in our inclusion practices in the classroom, in the way we collect data on campuses. We’re more specific about specific groups because we want to monitor their progress more accurately. There are a lot of different ways, both institutionally and also in the classroom in which we can become more identity-based in instruction and also learn from each other.”
Professor Hurtado served as director of the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) at UCLA for more than a decade and is past-president of the Association for the Study of Higher Education. She served on the Board on Higher Education and Workforce of the National Research Council and was on study panels that produced several National Academy Press reports on STEM, student success, and mentoring.
In addition to being inducted as an AERA Fellow in 2011, Hurtado was elected to the National Academy of Education and to the AERA Council in 2019. She has led several national research projects, including NIH-sponsored projects on the longitudinal assessment of students aspiring to STEM careers, and institutional strategies to broaden participation in STEM.
Professor Hurtado’s current research includes case studies of departments that implement culturally aware mentoring among faculty (NIH U01) with the University of Wisconsin; university organizational change after the replication of the Meyerhoff Scholars Program, funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and another Spencer-funded project on organizing for student success at Hispanic-serving institutions.
Professor Hurtado achieved her Ph.D. at UCLA, her M.Ed. at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, and her A.B. from Princeton University.
To attend the 2021 AERA Distinguished Lecture by Professor Sylvia Hurtado, register at this link. | https://seis.ucla.edu/news/sylvia-hurtado-to-deliver-2021-aera-distinguished-lecture1 |
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Wavelength scanning interferometry (WSI) can be used for surface measurement with discontinuous surface profiles by producing phase shifts without any mechanical scanning process. The choice of algorithms for the WSI to analyze the fringe pattern depends on the desired accuracy and computing speed. This paper provides comparison of four different algorithms to analyze the interference fringe pattern acquired from WSI. The mathematical description of these algorithms, their computing resolution, and speed are presented. Two step-height samples are measured using the WSI. Experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of measuring surface height varies from micrometer to nanometer value depending on the algorithm used to analyze the captured interferograms. | https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/comparison-study-of-algorithms-and-accuracy-in-the-wavelength-sca |
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The piece was written around The original manuscript with the title "Prelude pour la Luth. Par J. Bach" was sold at.
Revered for their intellectual depth, technical command and artistic beauty, Bach's works include the Brandenburg concertos, the Goldberg Variations, the Partitas, the Well-Tempered Clavier, the Mass in B Minor, the St. Matthew Passion, the St. While Bach's abilities as an organist were recognized and highly respected throughout Europe during his lifetime, he was not particularly well-known as a composer. His adherence to Baroque forms and contrapuntal style was considered "old-fashioned" by his contemporaries, especially late in his career when the musical fashion tended towards Rococo and later Classical styles.
Fugue Bwv 998
The piece was written around With mp3 for audio help. Please call or email us for an Appointment! General Comments The fugue from J. With Guitar tablature.
Präludium, Fuge und Allegro. BWV 998
Free PDF sheet music and tab editions of J. Download pdf J. Bach in Tablature standard notation and tablature Download pdf J. For Guitar solo. Free classical guitar sheet music. John Carpenter tabs
Prelude, Fugue and Allegro in E-flat major, BWV (Bach, Johann Sebastian). Movements/SectionsMov'ts/Sec's, 3 movements. Composition Year.
Prelude, Fugue and Allegro in E-flat major, BWV 998 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)
An analysis of J. S Bach's Prelude and Fugue No. Part 2 extends structurally from from the A after the D marked with a pause in bar 22 to the end.
Can't play "Prelude No. Such a beautiful piece, just as perfect as the physical book I use to play years ago. Bach - Prelude No. Prelude No. Download PDF.
Стратмор проследил за ее взглядом и нахмурился Он надеялся, что Сьюзан не заметит эту контрольную панель. Эта светящаяся клавиатура управляла его личным лифтом. Стратмор и его высокопоставленные посетители попадали в шифровалку и уходили незаметно для остальных сотрудников. Лифт спускался на пятьдесят ярдов вниз и затем двигался вбок по укрепленному туннелю еще сто девять ярдов в подземное помещение основного комплекса агентства.
Я верю этим данным. Чутье подсказывает мне, что здесь все верно. Бринкерхофф нахмурился.
Со временем им заинтересовались университеты, а вскоре после этого появились и коммерческие серверы. Шлюзы открылись - в Интернет хлынула публика. К началу 1990-х годов некогда тщательно охраняемый правительством Интернет превратился в перенаселенное пространство, заполненное общедоступными почтовыми серверами и порнографическими сайтами.
О Боже! - воскликнул он в ужасе. - Esta muerta, - прокаркал за его спиной голос, который трудно было назвать человеческим. - Она мертва. | https://hashimototorii.org/and-pdf/308-prelude-fugue-and-allegro-in-e-flat-major-bwv-998-pdf-622-253.php |
Employing electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, we have characterized the radicals formed in 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (3′-AZT) and in its 5′-analog 5′-azido-5′-deoxythymidine (5′-AZT) after electron attachment in γ-irradiated aqueous (H2O or D2O) glassy (7.5 M LiCl) systems. ESR spectral studies and theoretical calculations show that the predominant site of electron capture in 3′-AZT and in 5′-AZT is at the azide group and not at the thymine moiety. The azide group in AZT is therefore more electron affinic than the most electron affinic DNA base, thymine. Electron attachment to 3′-AZT and 5′-AZT results in an unstable azide anion radical intermediate (RN3•−) that is too short-lived to be observed in our work even at 77 K. At 77 K, we observe the neutral aminyl radical (RNH•) after loss of N2 from RN3•− followed by protonation of nitrene anion radical (RN•−) to give RNH•. The expected RN•− intermediate is not observed as protonation from water is complete at 77 K even under highly basic conditions. Formation of RND• in D2O solutions confirms water as the source of the NH proton in the RNH•. Our assignments to these radicals are aided by DFT calculations for hyperfine coupling constants that closely match the experimental values. On annealing to higher temperatures (ca. 160−170 K), RNH• undergoes bimolecular hydrogen abstraction reactions from the thymine methyl group and the sugar moiety resulting in the formation of the thymine allyl radical (UCH2•) and two sugar radicals, C3′• and C5′•. RNH• also results in one-electron oxidation of the guanine base in 3′-AZG. This work provides a potential mechanism for the reported radiosensitization effects of AZT. | https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Formation_of_Aminyl_Radicals_on_Electron_Attachment_to_AZT_Abstraction_from_the_Sugar_Phosphate_Backbone_versus_One_Electron_Oxidation_of_Guanine/2750209/1 |
We revisited the temperature-pressure (T−p) phase diagram of CeRhIn5 utilizing microstructures to probe the electrical resistivity for well-defined crystalline directions along the a- and c-axes of the tetragonal structure. At ambient pressure CeRhIn5 orders antiferromagnetically below 3.8K. Application of external pressure suppresses the antiferromagnetism and induces an unconventional superconducting (SC) state. The T−p phase diagram obtained on the microstructure resembles that of bulk single crystals. Initially, we observe broad SC transitions in resistivity, which sharpen upon approaching the maximum of the SC dome. The electrical resistivity data in the transition region follows the predictions of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless theory proposed for 2D superconductors, e.g. we find the characteristic non-linear I-V curves for current applied along both a- and c- axes. The latter is not expected for CeRhIn5 and puts a purely intrinsic origin of the 2D superconductivity related to 2D antiferromagnetic fluctuations in question. That is supported by finite element analysis of strain-fields in the microstructure. Therefore, we speculate that the observed features of 2D superconductivity in CeRhIn5 may have an origin in a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic effects.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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3:12PM - 3:24PM
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V43.00002: Competing interactions in the quasi-2D heavy fermion Ce2RhIn8|
Travis Williams, Barry Winn, Filip Ronning, Eric D Bauer
The heavy fermion family CenMIn3n+2 (M = Co, Rh, In with n = 1,2…∞) consists of n layers of CeIn3 stacked along the c-axis, with a spacer layer of MIn2. This allows for a discrete tuning of the electronic structure from quasi-2D (n = 1) to fully 3D (n = ∞). The n = 2 compound Ce2RhIn8 forms an important member of the family with intermediate dimensionality. Here, we use time-of-flight neutron scattering to probe the magnetic interactions in Ce2RhIn8 in order to probe the effect of reduced dimensionality on the magnetic coupling. We find a canted antiferromagnetic structure with a moment size comparable to what is seen for CeRhIn5. Furthermore, we find quasi-elastic scattering that may be the result of the competition between 2D and 3D characteristics.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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3:24PM - 3:36PM
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V43.00003: Magnetoresistance of Sn-substituted CeCoIn5|
Nikola Maksimovic, Fanghui Wan, James Analytis
Electrical transport in CeCoIn5 exhibits marked similarities with other so-called ‘strange’ metals, including a linear variation of resistivity with temperature. However, among this family, CeCoIn5 has a unique magnetoresistance. In contrast to other strange metals, the magnetoresistance of CeCoIn5 exhibits a non-monotonic variation with the field, the origin of which is not well-understood. In this talk, magnetoresistance measurements of CeCoIn5 and Sn-substituted CeCoIn5 will be presented. We find that the magnetoresistance of CeCoIn5 is strongly affected by Sn-substitution, transitioning to more conventional metallic behavior as the Sn-substitution level increases. These findings will be discussed in the context of recent evidence for a quantum critical point induced by Sn-substitution in this material.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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3:36PM - 3:48PM
Live
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V43.00004: Phase diagram and Fermi surface of CeOs4Sb12 under pressure|
Kathrin Goetze, Matthew Pearce, Matthew J Coak, Paul Goddard, William A Coniglio, Audrey Grockowiak, Stanley W Tozer, David E Graf, M Brian Maple, Matthew Brown, Pei-Chun Ho, John Singleton
The skutterudite CeOs4Sb12 exhibits an unusual phase diagram in which the boundary of the field-tuned valence transition between L and H phase takes a wedge-like shape as opposed to the expected elliptical behavior. A quantum critical point (QCP) associated with the field-induced suppression of the low-temperature ordered spin density wave (SDW) phase is thought to be responsible for this anomalous behavior [1, 2].
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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3:48PM - 4:00PM
Live
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V43.00005: Physical properties of Ce3+xRu4Sn13-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) single crystals|
Jeonghun Lee, Eundeok Mun
The heavy fermion systems CeRuSn3 and Ce3Ru4Sn13 crystallize into the cubic LaRuSn3- and Yb3Rh4Sn13-type structure, respectively, having the same space group (Pm-3n, No. 223). Earlier studies on polycrystalline samples show that the electrical resistivity ρ(T) of Ce3Ru4Sn13 follows a metallic behavior, whereas ρ(T) of CeRuSn3 shows a semiconducting-like behavior. In this study, we have grown single crystals of Ce3+xRu4Sn13-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) by Sn flux. Physical property measurements are performed in these single crystals on various samples with different growth conditions. Thermodynamic and transport properties of these single crystals highly depend on the initial loading compositions, showing either a typical Kondo lattice behavior or a semiconducting-like behavior. In this talk, we will present the crystal structure of grown single crystals and the relationship between LaRuSn3- and Yb3Rh4Sn13-type structure. In addition, we will discuss drastically different physical properties with respect to crystal structure types.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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4:00PM - 4:12PM
Live
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V43.00006: Heavy fermion behavior in single crystal Pr0.5Ir4Sb10.2Sn1.8|
Matthew Cook, Clement Burns
Pr based filled skutterudites have proven to be immensely useful in understanding strongly correlated electrons and their interesting low temperature behavior. We have synthesized and measured single crystals of Pr0.5Ir4Sb10.2Sn1.8 , a compound based on Zintl electron counting rules. Investigations show heavy fermion behavior in the resistivity, specific heat, and magnetization, with a small superconducting fraction (<1%) also evidenced by resistivity and magnetization. Screening of 4f moments by conduction electrons is made apparent by a logarithmic upturn in the resistivity, the field dependence of the specific heat, and a careful analysis of the nuclear specific heat contribution. This material closely follows the Kadowaki-Woods ratio A/γ2 ≈10-5 μΩcm(K mol/mJ)2. Magnetoresistance measurements show broad and kinked superconducting transitions that suggest multiple superconducting domains. We also discuss the possibility that the superconducting fraction is of reduced dimensionality or from an impurity phase.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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4:12PM - 4:24PM
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V43.00007: Quantum nematicity in EuB6|
Gabrielle Beaudin, William Witczak-Krempa, Andrea Bianchi
Our experimental discovery of a quantum nematic phase in the colossal magnetoresistive material EuB6 constitutes a breakthrough in quantum material research. Unlike the quantum nematics in the cuprate and arsenide superconductors, there is no nearby lattice instability complicating the interpretation, making EuB6 a clean model system for studying electronic nematicity. Interestingly, the nematic appears in the same region of the temperature-magnetic field phase diagram where experiments indicate magnetic polarons. This not only indicates a new understanding of nematicity but also paves the way for obtaining novel magnetoresistive transistor action in spintronic devices.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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4:24PM - 4:36PM
Live
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V43.00008: Frustration and quantum first-order transitions in trimer quantum magnets|
Lukas Weber, Stefan Wessel
Frustration in quantum magnets gives rise to many complex phase diagrams and phenomena. Yet, especially in higher dimensions, their unbiased treatment still poses a challenge. In the case of quantum Monte Carlo methods, such as the stochastic series expansion (SSE), large-scale simulations are hindered by the negative-sign problem. However, for certain models, a sign-free basis is known exactly. In this work, we extend this set to lattices comprised of fully-frustrated spin trimers. Using the SSE, we simulate two different spin-trimer models and investigate the role of the spin-chirality degree of freedom internal to each frustrated trimer. For the square lattice of triangles, we refute earlier claims of chirality order, whereas in the fully-frustrated trilayer limit, the chirality induces a macroscopic jump in the entropy at a quantum first-order phase transition. These results advance the understanding of frustrated models with multicomponent local Hilbert spaces and increase the applicability of Monte Carlo methods in these systems.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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4:36PM - 4:48PM
Live
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V43.00009: Non-unitary dynamics of 2+1d free Fermions: Emergent quantum criticality|
Qicheng Tang, Xiao Chen, Wei Zhu
We investigate non-unitary random dynamics of 2+1d free Fermion models. Compared to unitary dynamics where the system is evolved towards equilibration with a volume-law entanglement, the additional imaginary non-unitary dynamics leads to a dynamical steady state that displays a unique entanglement scaling behavior similar to that of a Fermi liquid ground state. Besides, both the mutual information and squared two-point correlation function of the steady state exhibit a typical power-law scaling. Thus, our results demonstrate a novel approach towards quantum criticality via a specified non-unitary random dynamics.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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4:48PM - 5:00PM
Live
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V43.00010: Formation of short-range magnetic order and avoided ferromagnetic quantum criticality in pressurized LaCrGe3|
Elena Gati, John Wilde, Rustem Khasanov, Li Xiang, Sachith Dissanayake, Ritu Gupta, Masaaki Matsuda, Feng Ye, Bianca Haberl, Udhara Kaluarachchi, Robert J McQueeney, Andreas Kreyssig, Sergey Budko, Paul C Canfield
LaCrGe3 has emerged as a model system for the study of the avoidance of ferromagnetic (FM) quantum criticality in itinerant magnets [1,2]. In this talk, we will present our results from combining thermodynamic, transport, x-ray and neutron scattering as well as μSR measurements on LaCrGe3 under pressure to identify the various phases in the phase diagram across the avoided FM quantum-critical point. We present thermodynamic evidence (i) for the first-order character of the FM transition at lowest temperatures and (ii) for the formation of new phases at high pressures. From our microscopic data, we infer that short-range FM ordered clusters rather than long-range modulated antiferromagnetism exist in these high-pressure phases. Overall, our results suggest that the phase diagram of LaCrGe3 combines features that are usually associated with avoided criticality in either clean or strongly disordered FM metals.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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5:00PM - 5:12PM
Live
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V43.00011: Magnetic Structures in the Vicinity of the Pressure-Induced Superconducting Phase in CeNiC2|
Depei Zhang, Hanming Ma, Jun Gouchi, Feng Ye, Takahiro Matsuoka, Yoshiya Uwatoko, Masaaki Matsuda
The Ce-based non-centrosymmetric strongly correlated electron system, CeNiC2, shows multiple magnetic phase transitions at low temperatures . Most importantly, we have recently observed the pressured-induced heavy-fermion superconductivity in this compound below 3.5 K under 10.7 and 11GPa . However, the magnetic structures of CeNiC2 have not been well studied. In order to understand the superconducting pairing mechanism, it is important to characterize the magnetic structures in the vicinity of the superconducting phase. This talk will focus on the high-pressure magnetic structure study of CeNiC2 based on our unpolarized and polarized neutron diffraction experiments using single crystals. An incommensurate antiferromagnetic phase (AFIC), in which the magnetic structure depends on pressure, is observed in a wide pressure range. The temperature and pressure dependent magnetic structures in the AFIC phase and their connections to the superconductivity will be discussed in detail.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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5:12PM - 5:24PM
Live
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V43.00012: Evolution of the electronic structure of CeCoIn5 across a quantum critical point|
Daniel Eilbott, Ping Ai, Yi Lin, Samuel Ciocys, Nikola Maksimovic, Fanghui Wan, Jonathan Denlinger, James Analytis, Alessandra Lanzara
The existence and nature of a possible quantum critical point in CeCoIn5 have been under debate for many years. Recent work has focused on the details of f-c hybridization in the evolution of the Kondo lattice as a function of temperature. Here we report a doping- and temperature-dependent study of CeCoIn5 by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Changes to the electronic structure with both doping and temperature, as well as the possible existence of a quantum critical point, are discussed.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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5:24PM - 5:36PM
Live
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V43.00013: The Hall Effect and Dynamical Scaling about the Quantum Critical Point in Elemental Chromium|
Stephen Armstrong, Daniel Marc Silevitch, Thomas F Rosenbaum
Elemental chromium is a spin-density-wave (SDW) antiferromagnet that can be tuned through a second order quantum phase transition by the application of 10 GPa of pressure. A nesting condition in the paramagnetic Fermi surface partially gaps the Fermi surface and forms the SDW. Since the Hall coefficient directly probes properties of the Fermi surface, it is an effective tool to investigate the evolution of the Fermi surface in the quantum critical regime, where there are indications of strong-coupling physics. In the low temperature limit, the Hall coefficient varies rapidly with pressure across the quantum critical point. By extending this measurement to higher temperatures, we are able to track the P-T dependence of this crossover and test analogies to the pseudogap phase in the superconducting cuprates. The temperature dependence of the width of this crossover constrains theories of dynamical scaling at the quantum critical point.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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5:36PM - 5:48PM
Live
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V43.00014: Universality and quantum criticality in quasiperiodic spin chains|
Utkarsh Agrawal, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Romain Vasseur
Quasiperiodic systems are aperiodic but deterministic, so their critical behavior differs from that of clean systems and disordered ones as well. Quasiperiodic criticality was previously understood only in the special limit where the couplings follow discrete quasiperiodic sequences. Here we consider generic quasiperiodic modulations; we find, remarkably, that for a wide class of spin chains, generic quasiperiodic modulations flow to discrete sequences under a real-space renormalization-group transformation. These discrete sequences are therefore fixed points of a functional renormalization group. This observation allows for an asymptotically exact treatment of the critical points. We use this approach to analyze the quasiperiodic Heisenberg, Ising, and Potts spin chains, as well as a phenomenological model for the quasiperiodic many-body localization transition.
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Thursday, March 18, 2021
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5:48PM - 6:00PM
Live
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V43.00015: First Principles Study on Pressure Induced Valence Transition in Eu-based Compounds|
Young-Joon Song, Roser Valenti
Compounds having localized 4f electrons have been extensively studied due to their interesting properties such as the Kondo effect, topological properties, and superconductivity. In particular, the effect of pressure plays a key role to induce a phase transition in these 4f compounds. For example, in magnetic 4f compounds, the critical pressure can suppress their magnetism, which is well-known as the Doniac phase diagram. In this presentation, we will focus on the tetragonal magnetic Eu-based compounds. In many cases, Eu-based compounds show divalent electronic states and magnetic ordering at low temperatures. However, it has been reported that both pressure and temperature can change these electronic states to be trivalent. Consequently, this valence transition leads to vanishing magnetism. Using first-principles calculations and model Hamiltonians, we will address the mechanism of the pressure-induced valance transition on the tetragonal magnetic Eu-based compounds.
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The American Physical Society (APS) is a non-profit membership organization working to advance the knowledge of physics. | https://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR21/Session/V43?showAbstract |
Singer-songwriter Oliver Downes blends intricate, percussive piano playing with instantly hummable melodies and thought-provoking lyrics. Loosely described as chamber pop, his songs explore territory gestured at by artists such as Nick Cave, Kate Bush, Nils Frahm or Rufus Wainwright.
Based in Melbourne, Australia, for his debut album Ultraviolet (2016) Oliver teamed up with New Acoustic trio The String Contingent to create a lush cut of richly orchestrated indie finesse. Hailed as ‘an impressive and eccentric work of baroque pop’ (Tone Deaf), Ultraviolet is a high-fidelity head-trip that forges a musical passage through the darkness into the light.
In late 2017 Oliver undertook a creative residency at the Banff Centre for Creativity and the Arts to write songs towards his second album, The Wheel, which he looks forward to recording in 2018.
“Downes’ compositions and arrangements create nebulous, ethereal soundscapes, deftly woven by the tensile orchestration … Give your mind permission to wander.” ~ TheMusic.com.au
“[‘Ultraviolet’ offers] twinkling piano melodies, subtle percussion work and on-point lyrics [brought] together in a well thought-out, deliberate piece of downtempo pop.” – Hhhhappy
for press kit, media enquiries or bookings contact: | http://oliverdownes.com/about/ |
1 edition of Sculpture in Bangladesh found in the catalog.
Sculpture in Bangladesh
Published
1976
by Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy in [Dacca]
.
Written in English
Edition Notes
Tk20.00
|Statement||[edited by Muhammad Sirajul Islam].|
|Series||[Contemporary art series of Bangladesh ;, 5], Series statement from jacket., Samakālīna Bāṃlādeśa śilpakalā sirija ;, 5.|
|Contributions||Islam, Muhammad Sirajul., Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy.|
|Classifications|
|LC Classifications||NB1010.8.B3 S38|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||, 22 p. :|
|Number of Pages||22|
|ID Numbers|
|Open Library||OL4701232M|
|LC Control Number||77900880|
The artist received his MFA in Sculpture from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, and in received an award for Best Short Film in the Bangladesh International Short & Individual Film Festival. Wakilur Rahman, ‘Genocide’, , ink on paper, 70 x in. . Bangladesh - Bangladesh - The arts: The Bengali language began to assume a distinct form in the 7th century ce, and by the 11th century a tradition of Bengali literature had been established. Litterateurs received official patronage under both the Pala (8th to 12th century) kings and early Muslim rulers; under the Senas (11th and 12th centuries) and Mughals (early 16th to midth century.
More books set in Bangladesh: by Humayun Ahmed An Acre of Green Grass by Buddhadeva Bose Bengali Flower: 50 Poems from India & Bangladesh with Psalms, Proverbs & Scripture Bengali Folk Tales by Lal Behari Day Bhombal Dass - The Uncle of Lion: A Folk Tale from Bangladesh Bitter Sweets by Roopa Farooki. Located in Jaidebpur, and constructed in , it is the first post-Liberation War sculpture in Bangladesh. It depicts a freedom fighter with a grenade in his right and a rifle in his left hand.
The outstanding merit of the book is the excellent series of sculptures that have been selected for reproduction. For the first time scholars are placed in possession of a unique collection of examples of the best period of religious Art of the Bengal school. Required Cookies & Technologies. Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions.
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[Hardcover] [ ] Adalbert J. Gail [Adalbert J. Gail] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Sculptures in Bangladesh is a descriptive inventory of select Hindu, Buddhist and Jain Stone and Bronze Images in Museums and Collections of Bangladesh (up to 13th century) in the museums and private collections of Bangladesh.
Get this from a library. Sculptures in Bangladesh: an inventory of select Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain stone and bronze images in museums and collections of Bangladesh (up to the 13th century): plates with 91 in colour.
[Enamul Haque; Adalbert J Gail; International Centre for Study of Bengal Art.;]. Sculpture has been an indispensable part of Bangladeshi culture, historically part of the art of Bengal and Indian was at times an important centre influencing stone sculpture in the Sculpture in Bangladesh book subcontinent, especially in the post-Gupta and medieval periods.
Terracotta reliefs are a particular local characteristic of Hindu temples (with figures) and mosques (without figures) in recent. The Shapla Chottor is a renowned sculpture located in the heart of Motijheel, near Dhaka.
It is a huge sculpture which depicts a water lily, the national flower of Bangladesh. The water lily represents the many rivers that run through the country.
Shongshoptok tells the story of a freedom fighter’s valour and dedication. One of the most moving sculptures in Dhaka is “Shongshoptok”. It stands feet high, including the base.
It is constructed of steel armature and brass. The work of art stands in front of the Central Library, Jahangirnagar University. Bangladesh started its journey of own film production with the silent film “Bless the World” by Jotish Banerjee, which was released on 8 November The first Sculpture in Bangladesh book feature film with sound was produced by Abdul Jabbar Khan in the then East Pakistan (present Bangladesh) was Mukh O Mukhosh (face and musk), which was released on 3.
Shop Sculpture created by thousands of emerging artists from Bangladesh. Paintings. Paintings See All. Featured Paintings.
Style Fine Art Abstract Modern Street Art Pop Art Show More. Subject Portrait Landscape Still Life Nature Beach Show More. Medium Oil. Bengali is the official language of Bangladesh. There are many Bengali publishing houses and book publishers in Bangladesh available in the country.
Most of these book publishing houses are located in Dhaka. If you want to publish a book in Bangladesh, it is better to find a Bengali publishing house or book publishers in Bangladesh near your place.
The Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent, partly because of the climate of the Indian subcontinent making the long-term survival of organic materials difficult, essentially consiste in sculpture of stone, metal or is clear there was a great deal of painting, and sculpture in wood and ivory, during these periods, but there are only a few survivals.
Sculpture In ancient and early medieval periods (up to AD), Bengal saw both expansion and contraction of her political control over eastern India and, as a consequence, her cultural influence in the region also fluctuated. For an orderly presentation of the story of Bengal sculpture it is imperative to keep in mind such important historical factors.
This paper addresses the issue of configurations of Bangladeshi cultural identity as manifested in the art of Bangladesh. It reviews the politics of identity and the concomitant changes in artistic forms during the struggle for independence from Britain and the liberation of Bangladesh from Pakistan.
It focuses on artistic practices in post-liberation Bangladesh and the evolving current scene. A statue of Lady Justice has been removed from the supreme court building in the Bangladeshi capital after objections from Islamist groups. The sculpture.
The best books on Bangladesh recommended by Syed Ashfaqul Haque. Syed Ashfaqul Haque is Chief News Editor at The Daily Star, the largest circulating English language daily newspaper in Bangladesh. He recommends the best five books on the country. Buy all books. Read. Ekattorer Dinguli by Jahanara Imam; Read.
Lotus Sculpture is the only gallery in the world offering Hindu, Buddhist and Jain bronze sculpture from Bangladesh. Bronze Casting of Hindu statues in Bangladesh is a tradition that stretches back to the 8th century and the Pala Dynasty of eastern India.
Today the art form is almost extinguished. After the partition of India and the exodus of Hindus from the now Muslim Bangladesh, bronze. - Indian Art and the Bangladesh War, Devika Singh. The making of white on white prints involved producing gashed and blistered surfaces on clay or wax plates and making their moulds in cement which became the matrices for the prints.
The medium and process point towards a common ground between print-making and sculpture. Novera, the first modern sculptor of Bangladesh, was born in in Kolkata. She earned a Diploma in Design for the Modelling and Sculpture course from Camberwell School of Art in London in The 'Charjapada' began to be composed from that period.
A Bengali book by the name 'Sadukti Karnamrita' was written in the ancient Bengal. There were names of one hundred and thirteen poets in the book. Most of them were Buddhists and the inhabitants of Bengal. Shridhar Das compiled the book. Bangladeshi art is a form of visual arts that has been practiced throughout the land of what is now known as deshi art has a perennial history which originated more than two thousand years ago and is practiced even to this date.
Among the various forms of Bangladeshi art, photography, architecture, sculpture and painting are the most notable.
Kantha Anthology The City of Brotherly Love is casting a warm glance toward its Bengal sisters from the West Bengal region of India, as well as from current-day Bangladesh.
To be part of the romance you pins. Media in category "Sculptures in Bangladesh" The following 18 files are in this category, out of 18 total. road island sculpture baghata norsingdi photo 1, × 1,; KB.
ago. But In the book Sril Silat-ut-Tawarikh, written in the 9th century, the Arab geographer Solaiman talks about the fine fabrics manufactured in the state called Rumy, or modern day Bangladesh.
An interesting article in The News Today references the famous Book of Periplus of.The earliest sculptures were made of terracotta dating back as early as 3rd century BC. The trend of using bronze for sculptures started from the 7th century. The black stone sculptures also originated from that period.
Terracotta. The history of terracotta sculpture in Bangladesh starts from the Mauryan age (– BC).Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of Space Bangladesh is still primarily a rural culture, and the gram or village is an important spatial and cultural concept even for residents of the major cities.
Most people identify with a natal or ancestral village in the countryside. | https://tosihunecixugasi.rangelyautomuseum.com/sculpture-in-bangladesh-book-26849vj.php |
Many substances of abuse can lead to the development of physiological dependence—especially if they are taken in large amounts and for a long period of time. When a person becomes dependent on a substance and then decides to stop using it, they may be at risk of experiencing unpleasant addiction withdrawal symptoms.1
People who have recently stopped taking their drug of choice may experience both physical withdrawal symptoms and mental side effects. Withdrawals can be better navigated with the right help. If you or a loved one is struggling with substance use and wants to get help, it’s important to understand how drug and alcohol withdrawal symptoms can affect you. On this page, you will learn more about:
- Common withdrawal symptoms of drug and alcohol abuse.
- Causes of drug and alcohol withdrawal.
- Treatment for substance withdrawal symptoms.
- Detoxification.
- Medication-assisted treatment (MAT.)21
- Effectiveness of drug and alcohol treatment.
What Is Drug or Alcohol Withdrawal?
You may be wondering, ‘what is withdrawal in addiction?’ or ‘what are withdrawal symptoms?’ Drug or alcohol withdrawal involves the physical, mental and behavioral changes that can occur after suddenly cutting back on or stopping the prolonged use of substances.1, 2, 3 The effects of withdrawal from drugs are multifarious. The character and severity of addiction withdrawal can vary in association with different substances, but symptoms may be quite pronounced when people are attempting to quit alcohol and other substances such as opioids, benzodiazepines and sedatives.3
Substances like opioids, alcohol and sedatives can carry significant risks when going through withdrawal. These can range from mild to potentially dangerous and severe withdrawal symptoms. Medical detox can be a safe way to help manage the withdrawal symptoms of alcohol and drugs under the care of treatment professionals.3, 4
Causes of Alcohol and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
The human body strives to be in a state of balance, known as homeostasis, and actively works to restore any imbalances that arise.5 Drinking and using drugs can greatly alter certain types of brain activity to disrupt normal homeostasis. Over time, when you use a substance regularly, your brain may make its own adjustments (i.e. neuroadaptations) to counter the chemical changes brought about by that specific substance.6
However, once you cut back or stop using, your brain may temporarily struggle to reach homeostasis again. It is this period of adjustment, which may involve a rebalancing of a number of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters, that is thought to lead to withdrawal symptoms for several types of substances.5, 6
In other terms, these neuroadaptations resulting from continued drug or alcohol use lead to the development of physiological dependence. Dependent individuals grow so accustomed to the presence of a substance that they essentially rely on its continued use to feel and function normally.6, 7, 8 People with substance dependence are likely to experience some degree of the side effects of alcohol and drug withdrawal when attempts are made to slow or altogether stop their substance use.
What Types of Withdrawal Symptoms Are There?
Drug and alcohol withdrawal symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the substance being used.1, 3, 4 They also depend on how long and how heavily you’ve been using.1, 5 The withdrawal symptoms of drug abuse and alcohol addiction can be difficult to deal with and may lead people back to using their substance of choice in an effort to alleviate the discomfort.3
You can experience withdrawal symptoms for various types of substances, from marijuana and alcohol to stimulants such as cocaine and concerta, sedatives such as valium/diazepam and opioids like subutex and heroin.3 Significantly severe signs of withdrawal are associated with substances such as alcohol, benzodiazepines like librium and opioids. Stimulants and marijuana are other drugs that are associated with potentially uncomfortable withdrawal syndromes, though symptoms are often relatively less pronounced than those experienced during opioid, alcohol and benzodiazepine withdrawal.3 The following sections give more detail about substance-specific types of withdrawal symptoms.
Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
You may be wondering, ‘how long does alcohol withdrawal last?’ Withdrawal symptoms from alcohol abuse can start between 6 to 24 hours after heavy, prolonged drinking is stopped. Symptoms can progressively worsen over the next 2-3 days, then will slowly improve until they are resolved by about the 10th day.3, 4 Some typical symptoms of alcohol withdrawal include:3, 4
- Anxiety.
- Irritability.
- Restlessness.
- Insomnia.
- Nightmares.
- Sweating.
- Rapid heart rate.
- Increased blood pressure.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Hand tremors.
Acute alcohol withdrawal can be dangerous and potentially life-threatening.4 Severe signs of alcohol withdrawal can include agitation, seizures and delirium tremens, which involves difficulty regulating body temperature and blood pressure, sweating, hallucinations and confusion.3, 4, 5, 10 Some of the symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol can be dangerous and could require immediate medical attention.4
You may be wondering how to deal with withdrawal symptoms. Treatment for signs of withdrawal that includes medical detoxification and withdrawal management can help keep people as safe and comfortable during the difficult drug and alcohol detox period of early recovery.
Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Symptoms
Benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants commonly prescribed to manage anxiety, panic disorder and certain seizure disorders.4, 8 Some examples of benzodiazepines include: 3, 4, 8, 11
- Alprazolam (Xanax).
- Diazepam (Valium).
- Lorazepam (Ativan).
- Clonazepam (Klonopin).
Mixing benzodiazepines with opioids or other CNS depressants such as alcohol can lead to dangerous levels of sedation and respiratory depression, increasing the side effects and the risk of a fatal overdose.8, 11, 12
Though the time of onset may vary, withdrawal symptoms following prolonged benzodiazepine abuse can appear within hours to days after stopping relatively short-acting benzodiazepines such as Ativan, or within several days to a week after you stop taking longer-acting benzodiazepines such as Valium.3
Longer-acting benzos can have protracted withdrawal effects. Shorter-acting benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms might take a few days to peak in intensity, with many symptoms then resolving within 4-5 days. Longer-acting benzos might lead to withdrawal symptoms that peak in the 2nd week and largely resolve by the 3rd or 4th week, though lower-intensity symptoms may linger in some individuals for several months and take up to 8 weeks to resolve.3 Potential signs of benzodiazepine withdrawal include:3, 4, 6
- Anxiety.
- Insomnia.
- Agitation.
- Restlessness.
- Irritability.
- Difficulty concentrating or remembering.
- Achy or tense muscles.
- Rapid pulse.
- Sweating.
- Hallucinations.
- Delirium.
- Increased sensitivity to light, smells and sounds.
- Rapid pulse.
- Sweating.
- Tremors.
- Seizures.
Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
Opioids are a class of drugs that include illicit drugs such as heroin, as well as prescription painkillers such as morphine, hydrocodone (Vicodin) and oxycodone (Percocet, OxyContin.)4, 13
Opioid addiction is commonly associated with opioid withdrawal symptoms when use is stopped.3 While opiate withdrawal symptoms aren’t typically life-threatening, there may be some dangerous complications. For example, aspirating vomit into the lungs can lead to infection, and ongoing vomiting and diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.4, 13 Signs of opioid withdrawal include:3, 4, 5, 6, 13
- Dysphoria.
- Anxiety.
- Insomnia.
- Dilated pupils.
- Chills.
- Goosebumps.
- Excessive yawning.
- Runny nose.
- Watery eyes.
- Sweating and fever.
- Increased pain sensitivity.
- Achy muscles and joints.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Diarrhea.
Stimulant Withdrawal Symptoms
Stimulant abuse often occurs in patterns of heavy use (known as binges) followed by crashes, where use is stopped and withdrawal symptoms arise.3 Illicit central nervous system stimulants include crystal methamphetamine, cocaine and crack. Some prescription stimulant medications such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and dextroamphetamine (Adderall) are also subject to abuse.3, 4, 14
Stimulant withdrawal symptoms are typically not dangerous. Though rare, serious depression with suicidal thoughts or behaviors can be present during detox and should be monitored closely.6, 14 Signs of stimulant withdrawal can include:3, 4, 6, 14
- Agitation.
- Irritability.
- Depression or dysphoria.
- Fatigue.
- Increased appetite.
- Changes in sleep patterns—either excessive sleep or insomnia.
- Nightmares.
- Restlessness.
- Moving faster or slower than usual.
- Aching muscles.
- Strong cravings for the substance.
Marijuana Withdrawal Symptoms
Marijuana comes from dried parts of the Cannabis plant containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other psychoactive compounds.15 If you suddenly stop long-term, heavy use, even if it is medical marijuana, it’s possible you may experience signs of drug withdrawal for as long as 1 to 2 weeks. Common marijuana withdrawal symptoms include:3, 4, 6, 16, 17, 18
- Irritability.
- Anger.
- Aggression.
- Nervousness.
- Anxiety.
- Depressed mood.
- Restlessness.
- Cravings for marijuana.
- Insomnia.
- Upsetting dreams.
- Loss of appetite.
- Abdominal pain.
- Headache.
- Sweating.
- Tremors or shakiness.
What Is Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome or PAWS?
While addiction withdrawal symptoms are uncomfortable, typically, they end after 2 weeks, especially with the help of a medically managed detox. Some drugs, however, can lead to a protracted withdrawal process, lasting for many months or even a year. People who consume a heavy amount of an intoxicating substance over a long period of time are more likely to develop this condition, known as Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome or PAWS.
PAWS refers to symptoms that persist after acute withdrawal symptoms have resolved. PAWS symptoms, which rarely involve physical withdrawal symptoms, can be just as intense as those experienced during acute substance withdrawal. People may experience irritability, anxiety, depression, mood swings, low energy, insomnia, lack of focus and a lack of libido. Post Acute Withdrawal symptoms can put a person at risk of relapse, since they may return to drug use in order to put an end to the discomfort.
Receive 24/7 text support at your convenience with American Addiction Centers. Our team is well prepared to advise on all things treatment and help you find the care you need. We’ve helped thousands recover from addiction and we can help you too.
Rehab Treatment for Drug and Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
You may be wondering how to treat alcohol and drug withdrawal symptoms. Professional detoxification and withdrawal management—as opposed to detoxing from home—can provide medical and mental health care for people who are going through symptoms of withdrawal from drugs and alcohol.4, 19 Medical and psychiatric support and monitoring are available alongside alcohol withdrawal treatment so that any physical and mental health symptoms can be addressed as needed.4, 9, 19 In some cases, medications may be used to ease symptoms of withdrawal and prevent complications from arising during medically managed withdrawal.9
Withdrawal symptoms, potential risks and available treatments vary by substance, so the type of withdrawal management you receive will differ accordingly.9 If you are planning to cut back or stop using a substance, you should consult with your doctor or an addiction treatment professional to discuss the risks and determine the safest and most effective form of withdrawal management for you.
What Is a Detox Program?
Detoxification programs primarily focus on getting you through the withdrawal process safely and comfortably. Though an important step, detox often does little to address the underlying psychological, behavioral and social issues that contribute to addiction.2 Detox is only the first stage in the alcohol recovery process and should be followed up with additional forms of treatment in order to be most effective.2, 4
What Are the Types of Drug and Alcohol Addiction Treatment Programs?
Continuing addiction treatment after withdrawal management, or detox, is an important step toward long-term recovery.9, 13 As you get close to completing detox, your treatment team will discuss a longer-term treatment plan that best suits your needs and will help facilitate your entry into additional treatment, whether it be in the same location as the detox program or elsewhere.
In follow-up treatment programs, you can learn coping skills and relapse prevention techniques, improve your communication skills and receive medication treatment, if needed.9
Treatment that may include substance withdrawal can occur in a variety of settings, depending on your needs and the intensity of your symptoms.2, 8 There is a continuum of treatment settings where detox and rehab services are available including:2, 22
- Outpatient treatment: A person can live at home and continue working while receiving treatment. This typically involves less than 9 weekly hours of treatment.
- Intensive outpatient: A person can live at home and continue working while receiving treatment for complex needs such as co-occurring mental health conditions. This type of treatment typically involves 9 or more weekly hours of treatment.
- Partial hospitalization: A person can live at home and continue working while receiving treatment for multidimensional instabilities. This typically involves at least 20 weekly hours of outpatient treatment.
- Residential treatment: A person lives at the treatment facility to receive 24-hour support from medical, mental health and addiction treatment professionals. This typically involves a minimum of 5 weekly hours of clinical care.
- Medically managed inpatient drug and alcohol treatment: A person receives 24-hour nursing care and daily care from a physician to address severe and/or unstable problems. This level of care involves 24/7 medical monitoring, plus the availability of counseling staff for up to 16 hours a week.
As you move through drug and alcohol recovery, your treatment plan may need to be reevaluated and adjusted to meet your needs, as they may change.9 Additionally, longer periods of any form of addiction treatment (3 months or more) may be most helpful in reducing drug or alcohol use and improving treatment outcomes.9
Dealing with substance abuse and withdrawal is difficult and can be overwhelming. Addiction can have a profound impact on family and friends, as well as on the person suffering.
You may have questions about alcohol and drug withdrawal symptoms and treatment, and American Addiction Centers is here to help. Our compassionate admissions navigators are available 24/7 to help you understand treatment options, including where you can receive withdrawal management for the unpleasant symptoms of coming off substances. Call us for free at to learn more. You can also check your insurance benefits online now to find out what treatment you qualify for.
Health Insurance Providers That May Cover Addiction Treatment
Learn more about paying for rehab with these insurance providers and also how to access treatment without insurance: | https://drugabuse.com/treatment/withdrawal/ |
Aeris is committed to the continual improvement of its Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) performance in order to ensure the highest standards of health and safety are maintained for its employees, contractors and visitors.
The Company has been working on initiatives to create an interdependent safety culture where employee input is valued and encouraged in the safety policy and procedure setting process. Independent consultants are also utilised to conduct safety performance and systems audits at each site to ensure the best OHS policies, systems and procedures are applied.
Aeris also recognises the importance of OHS training, with the continual review and implementation of up to date training programs at each operating location, to provide the highest standards of safe work practices, first aid and emergency responses.
The success of this approach is recognised with record lows of incident rates achieved in recent years.
Furthermore, Aeris has developed a counselling support service for its employees with a specialist provider to Australia's mining and resources sector. The free service supports employees who may be experiencing personal issues, with Aeris also providing flexible arrangements for travel to the service.
In support of ongoing health and wellness outside of work hours, employees also benefit from access to Ambulance Cover for emergency situations. | https://www.aerisresources.com.au/sustainability/health-and-safety.html |
The 2015 National Curriculum for Science aims to ensure that all children:
• Develop scientific knowledge and conceptual understanding through the specific disciplines of biology, chemistry and physics.
• Develop understanding of the nature, processes and methods of Science through different types of Science enquiries that help them to answer scientific questions about the world around them.
• Are equipped with the scientific skills required to understand the uses and implications of Science, today and for the future.
At St Laurence, we encourage children to be inquisitive throughout their time at the School and beyond. The Science curriculum fosters a healthy curiosity in children about our universe and promotes respect for the living and non-living. We believe Science encompasses the acquisition of knowledge, concepts, skills and positive attitudes. Throughout the programmes of study, the children will acquire and develop the key knowledge that has been identified within each unit and across each year group, as well as the application of scientific skills. We ensure that the Working Scientifically skills are built-on and developed throughout children’s time at the School so that they can apply their knowledge of Science when using equipment, conducting experiments, building arguments and explaining concepts confidently and continue to ask questions and be curious about their surroundings. In Key Stage One and Key Stage Two, Science at St Laurence is taught each half-term through block sessions either as part of the IPC linked or as discrete lessons to ensure all learning goals are addressed. For example, through English, writing a letter to a local politician regarding the closure of a park to build more houses or a biography of a famous Scientist’s life. In Early years, Science is taught through the children learning about the world around them in their learning through play.
Implementation
Teachers create a positive attitude to Science learning within their classrooms and reinforce an expectation that all children are capable of achieving high standards in Science. Science is taught with the support of the International Primary Curriculum (IPC). IPC's thematic units of learning are designed to appeal to children’s interests and help them to learn more about the world around them. Through St Laurence Catholic Primary School Science Curriculum Statement 2021 3 our planning, we involve problem solving opportunities that allow children to find out for themselves. Children are encouraged to ask their own questions and be given opportunities to use their scientific skills and research to discover the answers. This curiosity is celebrated within the classroom. Planning involves Teachers creating engaging lessons, often involving high-quality resources to aid understanding of conceptual knowledge. Teachers use precise questioning in class to test conceptual knowledge and skills, and assess children regularly to identify those children with gaps in learning, so that all children keep up. We build upon the learning and skill development of the previous years. As the children’s knowledge and understanding increases, and they become more proficient in selecting, using scientific equipment, collating and interpreting results, they become increasingly confident in their growing ability to come to conclusions based on real evidence. Working Scientifically skills are embedded into lessons to ensure these skills are being developed throughout the children’s School career and new vocabulary and challenging concepts are introduced through direct teaching. This is developed through the years, in-keeping with the topics. Teachers demonstrate how to use scientific equipment, and the various Working Scientifically skills in order to embed scientific understanding. Teachers find opportunities to develop children’s understanding of their surroundings by accessing outdoor learning and workshops with experts. Children are offered a wide range of extracurricular activities, visits, trips and visitors to complement and broaden the curriculum. These are purposeful and link with the knowledge being taught in class.
Impact
The successful approach at St Laurence results in a fun, engaging, high-quality Science education that provides children with the foundations and knowledge for understanding the world. Our engagement with the local environment, including our own forest, pond and vegetable garden as well as links with the local allotments, ensures that children learn through varied and first hand experiences of the world around them. Frequent, continuous and progressive learning outside the classroom is embedded throughout the Science curriculum. Through various workshops, trips and interactions with local charities and experts, including Scientists from ‘Solar for Schools’, children have the understanding that Science has changed our lives and that it is vital to the world’s future prosperity. Children learn the possibilities for careers in Science, as a result of our connection with national companies such Johnson Matthey, where children learn from and work with professionals, ensuring they have access to positive role models within the field of Science from the immediate and wider local community. St Laurence Catholic Primary School Science Curriculum Statement 2021 4 Pupil voice is used to further develop the Science curriculum, through questioning of pupil’s views and attitudes to Science to support the children’s enjoyment of Science and to motivate learners. | https://www.stlaurence.cambs.sch.uk/page/?title=Science&pid=136 |
Income-generation interventions largely target adult women (women of reproductive age, women with young children, and older women). Many microfinance and loan programs are targeted to women because of their likelihood to pay back the loans, although women with lower education levels and smaller businesses do not benefit to the same degree as women who are educated or who have bigger businesses (165). There was limited evidence of such interventions targeting adolescent girls (169). In order to understand the potential impact of income-generating activities on adolescents, more information is needed about the pathways by which adolescents contribute to their own food security, the degree to which they rely on their caregivers to meet their nutritional needs, and how those dynamics change with the age of adolescents (169). Training, workshops, and extension activities were often delivered through community centers, community groups, and financial institutions (165). Other affiliated interventions, such as agricultural extension and nutrition education, were provided at the community level and at home visits (160, 173). These delivery platforms were effective at reaching women, including low-income women, particularly when they engaged with existing community groups (e.g., self-help, farmers’, and women's groups) (160, 161, 167, 169, 172, 173).
Improvements in maternal health, in addition to professional assistance at delivery, will require routine antenatal care, basic emergency obstetric care, including the availability of antibiotics, oxytocics, anticonvulsants, the ability to manually remove a retained placenta, perform instrumented deliveries, and postpartum care. Research has shown the most effective programmes are those focussing on patient and community education, prenatal care, emergency obstetrics (including access to cesarean sections) and transportation. As with women's health in general, solutions to maternal health require a broad view encompassing many of the other MDG goals, such as poverty and status, and given that most deaths occur in the immediate intrapartum period, it has been recommended that intrapartum care (delivery) be a core strategy. New guidelines on antenatal care were issued by WHO in November 2016.
“It was a privilege to have taken the course with you. Already, I have used the cueing methods on 2 clients. I have also taken the initiative to ask one of my post-natal client today about her birthing journey and she was so open and excited to share with me. It struck me that usually nobody asks them about it as more attention is focused on the baby.”
Women who have very low levels of sunlight exposure or have naturally very dark skin are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Those affected may include women who cover most of their body when outdoors, shift workers, those who are unable to regularly get out of their house or women in residential care. Women who have certain medical conditions or are on some medications may also be affected.
Picture your perfect self with your flat abs, firmer butt, and slim thighs every day. Seeing really is believing: “You become consciously and acutely aware of everything that can help you achieve the visualized outcome that you desire when you impress an idea into the subconscious part of you,” says celebrity yoga coach Gwen Lawrence. “It eventually becomes ‘fixed,’ and you automatically move toward that which you desire.”
It has not been scientifically established that large amounts of vitamins and minerals or dietary supplements help prevent or treat health problems or slow the aging process. Daily multivitamin tablets can be beneficial to some people who do not consume a balanced diet or a variety of foods. Generally, eating a well-balanced diet with a variety of foods provides the necessary nutrients your body needs. Eating whole foods is preferable to supplements because foods provide dietary fiber and other nutritional benefits that supplements do not. If you choose to take vitamin and mineral supplements, it is recommended to choose a multi-vitamin that does not exceed 100 percent of the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI).
Women often received micronutrient supplements during antenatal and postnatal care (13, 35–42, 51, 60), and, as such, supplementation was often targeted to pregnant and lactating women. The delivery of micronutrient supplementation commonly occurred in health care settings for at-home consumption. Community-based antenatal care that involved home visits by community health workers was also a common delivery platform for supplementation delivery. There were some studies that reported micronutrient supplementation to adolescents, women of reproductive age, pregnant women, and women with young children outside of the antenatal care setting. These included primary health care clinics, home visits, community centers, pharmacies, and workplaces (32, 38–43, 45, 52, 53). Adolescent girls were also reached by community- and school-based programs (26, 41, 46). School-based programs were more efficacious in reducing rates of anemia among adolescent girls, compared with the community-based interventions (26, 46). However, many of the reported studies to date involved small samples of adolescents in controlled settings, and additional research is needed on the effectiveness of these programs (59, 62). | https://hiit-workout.com/fitness/how-to-plan-a-hiit-workout-womens-fitness-belt.html |
Over two years ago, I wrote developed the new curriculum for my department’s ARTC4308 course. Interactive II covers advanced topics in web design including web typography, Responsive Web Design, and an intro to CMSs, as well as introducing students to the professional practices involved with designing, coding, and presenting websites. To kick off the course, every semester, students read Cassie McDaniel’s article Design Criticism and the Creative Process as the first reading/response assignment. This fall semester is no different. Last week, I assigned it, as usual, and sent students on their way to a long Labor Day weekend. While I’m always impressed with the responses, I thought I would share some of the responses made by students this semester that really stood out.
I think this article could easily have been titled “How to Critique Without Unintentionally Being a Jerk,” because though a lot of what Cassie McDaniels says in this article seems like common sense, it’s said in a very straight forward way that I hadn’t thought of before…I think a lot of us see starting over as some sort of failure, and a frustration that isn’t worth scratching the first try for. But more often than not the second go around will be much more in line with your initial goals because you will have already done it the wrong way once, and won’t make those mistakes twice.
After reading this article I feel as if I have a better understanding of how to behave in a critique. I’ve never really seen critiques as a team effort. In my experience, I’ve always compared it to an execution by firing squad. It’s just you and your work alone. Frozen like a petrified corpse in front of a bleak beige wall, facing a line of people waiting for your last words. After the presentation, you close your eyes, hold your breath, tense up your muscles and hope you come out alive from the barrage of comments that follow…One of the suggestions that I really enjoyed from Cassie McDaniel’s article was that a critique that means to help must have the fluidity of a conversation. I think this is a very simple idea that really makes the critique process less like a firing squad and more like a junction where ideas and people can be heard. I’ve been in critiques were peers fire off suggestions, changes, or criticism without a sound purpose. I understand that participation is key in helping each other while developing our own understanding of design principles and concepts. But when it gets to throwing disparate things into a critique just to get a grade, design suffers and frustration ensue.
It makes me really happy to see thoughtful and well-written reflection on critiquing. It helps me be a better teacher. | https://samkapila.com/2013/09/17/students-on-critiquing |
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19th International Congress on Infectious Diseases
9th International Congress on Infectious Diseases
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 20-23 February 2020. Postponed until September 10-13, 2020
6TH World OneHealth Conference
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Co-organized by the One Health Platform, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Infectious Diseases, Africa CDC and the Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance. Edinburgh, Scotland, from 14 to 18 June 2020. Has a Fellowship fund.
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. | http://libguides.tulane.edu/c.php?g=997747&p=7240166 |
With the upcoming World Cup qualifiers and Euro2020 on the horizon for England, the 26-man squad recently announced by Manager Gareth Southgate are full of confidence about their chances. Jack Grealish, Aston Villa and England midfielder, was recently asked on BBC’s MOTDx if England would win the Euro2020 tournament and his answer was an unequivocal “Defo!”. He justified his assertion, saying “We’ve got so much talent this year, especially the attackers”.
The bookmakers agree and England are favourite to win with odds of 5/1 available from most bookies just now, including William Hill and Paddy Power. France and Belgium are second and third favourites respectively with the 2016 tournament winners, Portugal, unfancied this time round with odds of 10/1 from Vbet.
When UEFA was planning the 60th anniversary of the Euro tournament, ambitions were sky high and officials planned a 12-city tournament, taking place across twelve European countries, to celebrate. The tournament, postponed from last year, is expected to commence with the Group Stage A match between Italy and Turkey which will take place on Friday 11 June in Rome. Wembley Stadium in London will host Group Stage and Round of 16 fixtures and the venue will then host the two semi-finals on 6 and 7 July, and the final on Sunday 11 July. Scotland’s national stadium, Hampden Park in Glasgow, is also hosting Group and Round of 16 matches.
But there is a big question mark as to whether these plans are achievable in their entirety – are all host cities in a position to host football matches and, if they are, will they be allowed by their governments to let spectators into their stadiums? All twelve Euro2020 host cities are suffering major restrictions just now and domestic league matches have been taking place without fans present. But UEFA’s President, Aleksander Cerefin, remains confident that the situation will be vastly different by early June. “We have several scenarios, but the one guarantee we can make is that the option of playing any Euro 2020 match in an empty stadium is off the table. Every host must guarantee there will be fans at their games.”
Host cities are more cautious about their prospects and the Mayor of Munich, Dieter Reiter, poured cold water on Cerefin’s announcement, saying “It is simply not possible at this point in time to make a statement about whether or not the coronavirus pandemic will allow spectators in June or not”.
UEFA requires all twelve host cities to confirm their plans for fans by 7 April. Glasgow, Dublin and Bilbao are reckoned to be the cities with the most governmental concern about fans being allowed in their stadiums. Decisions are likely to go to the wire and Scottish fans will be hoping that the success of the vaccine roll-out programme will bolster their chances of seeing the national team playing at Hampden. First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon, says she remains “absolutely intent” on Glasgow remaining a host city but it remains unclear whether the Scottish government will be able to commit before the 7 April deadline. The Tartan Army must keep hoping! | https://www.matchedbets.com/blog/england-5-1-favourites-for-euro2020-with-or-without-fans/ |
Mozilla is proud to partner with Access Now to sponsor RightsCon again this year. The second year of a 100% virtual RightsCon is also the 10th anniversary of the conference, happening June 7-11, 2021. In addition to the conference support, there are many Mozillians who are taking part in facilitating sessions during the event. If you are interested in checking out sessions from Mozilla Fellows and staff, you can find out more about their sessions below:
Monday, June 7
The AI observatory: interrogating automated decision-making in India featuring former Mozilla Fellow Divij Joshi
Public agencies are increasingly relying on algorithmic tools and automated decision-making systems to make consequential decisions ranging from policing to public welfare. The use of these technologies, particularly in the global south, pose significant challenges to important human values of transparency, accountability and democratic participation.In this talk, I will examine the alarming rise in the use of automated decision-making systems by public agencies in India. I will speak about the political economy which produces particular forms of technological adoption by the government, and what it implies for human rights. Finally, I will examine how principles and values embodied within the Constitution of India can inform the design and regulation of these technologies.
Tuesday, June 8
Supporting a safer internet: global survey of gender-based violence online featuring Mozilla Foundation Africa Mradi Consultant and former Fellow Chenai Chair
This community lab will bring together global leaders on the topic of online gender-based violence (OGBV) to discuss current research on the topic and to strategize around solutions to this issue. This group of experts will reflect on the work they are conducting on this topic within their respective organizations, as well as through an initiative on which they are collectively collaborating with the Centre for International Governance Innovation and the International Development Research Centre: “Supporting a Safer Internet: Global Survey of Gender Based Violence Online”.
Misgendering machines: the digital rights risks of automated gender recognition technology featuring former Mozilla Fellow Daniel Leufer
Computer says ‘female’. Computer says ‘male’. Or computer says ‘unknown’, or ‘unclear but 63% chances of (X)’, or maybe just ‘error’. Or ‘no’.Machines are increasingly being asked to classify individuals on the basis of their presumed gender. Daily online activities are interpreted as signs of belonging to a gender category, often without data subjects knowing about this at all, and relying on opaque grounds that can hide extremely problematic gender stereotyping. Major tech companies base crucial decisions on inferences about gender, with a direct impact on who sees which online content. Bodies are being read, compared and sorted out while people walk around in public. automated gender 'recognition '– more correctly called automated gender attribution – is increasingly ubiquitous. This panel will ask: How extensive and insidious is Automated Gender Attribution today? How does it affect individual rights and freedoms, including those of trans and gender non-confirming individuals? Can privacy and data protection laws offer meaningful protection, and how? What must the legislator do, notably in the context of AI regulation?
Wednesday, June 9
Unpacking the impact of AI algorithms on social fragmentation featuring Mozilla Senior Manager of Advocacy Brandi Geurkink and former Fellow Guillaume Chaslot
In today's world digital rights have become an inseparable part of human rights. As the internet penetrates the farthest reaches of the world, so do internet governance technologies that threaten freedom of expression and individual privacy. From propaganda-circulating bots to biased algorithms designed to maximise platform usage, public opinion is constantly manipulated by Al. As a result, users are lost in online echo chambers, encountering information that reflects and reinforces their own opinion. Without access to alternative realities, users end up in a filter bubble - a state of intellectual isolation. RNW Media and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs are unpacking the impact of internet governance technologies on human rights. The Dutch Human Rights Ambassador, Bahia Tahzib-Lie, will host experts and activists in the field of digital rights, media and technology for good to discuss disinformation, online censorships, digital gender gaps and digital inclusion. And former YouTube Engineer and Founder of AlgoTransparency, Guillaume Chaslot will join us to tell the story of how it all began.
Decolonizing AI: centering Black innovation in the Global South featuring Mozilla Fellow Tarcizio Silva
The Westernized imaginary of innovation imposed on countries in the Global South has undermined locally produced solutions and knowledge and furthered the neo-colonial models widening the inequality and power gap between the North and the South. Rather than centering the debate on the need for AI developed in rich countries to be comprehensively adapted to new settings in countries of the Global South in a top-down approach, there is a growing need for a shift in our understanding of this concept by including the types of knowledge and interests of young Black people in Africa and Latin America. Redefining what innovation is, and what it should do, would allow us to examine the insights, possibilities and impact beyond Western imaginaries on AI and create new decolonized spaces for progress and inclusivity.This session will incorporate expertise from regions and communities often overlooked, as well as indices that capture these groups, into the growing debates on AI and accountability. Our goal is to engage in a conversation to discuss priorities and share best-practices on how best to collect data relating to the access, use, impact, and benefits gained from new frontier technologies and how they are being developed to answer long standing issues of inequality and racial injustice. This lab will consist of two parts: the first, a commentary and discussion provided by the facilitators, and the second, inviting lab participants to share their insights in break-out groups.
Org.: Carolina Rossini, Portulans Institute; Niousha Roshani, Co-Founder, Global Black Youth
Facilitators: Nyeleti Honwana Co-Founder, Global Black Youth; Phillip Ellison, Manhattan Borough Advocate and Liaison to the Technology, Data, & Development Team, Office of the New York City Public Advocate; Tarcizio Silva, Tech + Society Fellow, Mozilla Foundation; Darlington Akogo, Founder, MinoHealth AI Labs
Design best practices: creating standards that center security and marginalized voices featuring former Mozilla Fellow Caroline Sinders
While best practices and standards for human rights centered concepts are emerging in the computer science and tool building spaces, very few have been created for the Research and Design fields. We are working to fill this gap by creating emergent guidelines for researchers and designers who are building for at-risk communities. We are working with front-line defenders to build on the contemporary global movement to bring design and technology into human rights-focused conversations. How can we best ensure products and services are adaptive to the needs of a community’s privacy and safety? The Secure UX curricula and checklist provide a framework for building platforms, tools, and direct resources for vulnerable communities and problem-solving for a variety of needs, from landscape audits, research, all the way to building, designing and launching. To engage our participants, we will pose a number of questions in break-out sessions and incorporate it into the project. We will be learning from the diverse attendees at RightsCon to refine and improve the curriculum, scheduled to launch in Fall, 2021. This collaborative session will be focused on our best practices security and privacy design and research methodology. Our easy-to-follow secure UX curricula and checklist help streamline the process of user research, guide and promote human-rights centered design, and aid tool-builders, platforms, and services to be more responsive to the communities they serve. There has been increased interest in our project since its inception at RightsCon 2017, so we aim to infuse oxygen and build on that momentum.Host institution: IndependentSeeking funding? YesPlease note: In order to ensure a more interactive, hands-on discussion, there is a cap of 25 participants on this strategy session, which will be filled on a first-come, first served basis. The link to join the waiting room for the session will be made available 5 minutes before the start time, and you will be notified by the technical moderator if you have been admitted. If all the seats are filled, no worries! There are plenty of other sessions and spaces in program for you to explore.
Thursday, June 10
"Gender-Based Violence in Our NGOs and Advocacy Spaces: Stop the Gaslighting, Let's Act!" featuring Fellow Alexandra Argüelles
Online Gender-Based Violence has become a core issue for many digital rights NGOs. However, most of these NGOs are still reluctant to acknowledge the Gender-Based Violence they've allowed to remain forgotten or even exerted towards the victims who have risen their voices at the cost of being gaslighted, silenced, or even harassed to drop the issues that affect us as a community fighting to defend human rights and dignity. All of this comes at the cost of our peers' (and "the human rights defense community's") health and well-being, due to the lack of accountability practices, community commitments, or even transformative justice strategies. If we aren't able to ensure we're building an environment in which even our peers can be safe to speak freely -especially when it is about raising awareness on the violence they're struggling with or asking for help- this diminishes the trust in the NGOs and leaders that are part of our community. Beyond this, the lack of active empathy and the "bystander silence" surrounding these cases has a deeply negative effect on how victims or survivors can recover and resignify these experiences: to heal, grow, and even remain part of the NGOs/environments in which the violence took place. So, what are we going to do about this?
Fireside chat: Vijaya Gadde and Berhan Taye
Friday, June 11
Governance frameworks to minimise the environmental footprint of the digital transition featuring Mozilla Senior Program Officer Michelle Thorne
The tech sector has increased our energy consumption. To address the environmental impact of the ICT sector, the European Union must accelerate innovation and digitalization in a way compatible with our CO2 reduction goals, climate neutrality aims, and high environmental standards. The strategy session will help shape the debate on the environmental impacts of digital technologies and infrastructure and gather feedback on : the current obstacles faced by the tech industry to deploy well-suited solutions,how technologies can be deployed to benefit society, advance research, and accelerate our climate transition without its impact hampering our environmental goals,which regulatory framework we need to ensure both a digital and a green age.
Whose data is it anyway? Challenges and opportunities for gender inclusive digital rights in Africa featuring Mozilla Foundation Africa Mradi Consultant and former Fellow Chenai Chair
Africa is the testing ground for numerous technologies that are produced elsewhere, meaning that personal data of many Africans are stored in various databases. As of 2020, 24 of the 53 African countries adopted laws and regulations to protect personal data, but even these countries still face challenges in implementation and effectiveness. This is happening in the context of an ongoing conversation of using ICTs for development, or the 4thIR. Issues such as privacy and data protection are central to data justice and digital rights, yet these issues are rarely discussed in a gender inclusive manner.This session aims to create an understanding of data justice on the African continent, understanding that while it is a vast continent there are numerous contextual factors that make data justice that is gender sensitive challenging. The panel will begin with an exploration of the current general data landscape on the African continent. Panelists will then discuss the harms emerging from how data is currently used and collected in society and how that can target specific groups. They will also consider the opportunities available, especially for CSOs as they make use of data based systems. This panel will be useful for academics, civil society organisations, and practitioners who want to gain an understanding of the challenges and opportunities in policy work that is responsive to gender sensitivities and gender issues on the continent. In addition it will highlight ways for a data justice approach that is gender inclusive.
Workers of the world unite: collective bargaining and data rights featuring Mozilla Fellow in Residence, Data Futures Lab Anouk Ruhaak
We aim to engage participants in thinking about the value of collective bargaining on data rights for data workers and together device ways and methods for how collective action in this area might be achieved. In the first part, we will use “situation cards” to describe scenarios where data rights for workers are highlighted, and ask the participants to problem solve through discussion. Thereafter, we will present possible models of data stewardship that can help workers in the discussed scenarios, and ask participants to brainstorm the most applicable solutions to the suggested scenario. For this section, we will also bring in illustrations of? real world data cooperatives, working on platform worker rights (e.g. Driver’s Seat, WeClock, Worker Info Exchange), to demonstrate how collectivisation on data rights can be done and the mechanisms for organising workers, gathering consent and most importantly, explaining the value of data collectives. Finally, we will have a free flowing discussion on the challenges to implementation drawing from existing models but also from more theoretical ideas about questions on data value communication to stakeholders. In this segment, we will also touch upon the ethical questions on monetisation of data, an incentive mechanism oft-used to bring platform workers together.
While we know there are hundreds of fascinating and inspiring RightsCon sessions to choose from this year, we hope you decide to spend some time each day to engage with the people from the Mozilla community who are leading discussions on the pressing threats to internet health in the field. | https://foundation.mozilla.org/en/blog/where-you-can-find-mozillians-at-rightscon-2021/ |
Continuum Hospice seeks volunteers in the Walnut Creek and Danville area to make friendly visits to people on hospice. Hospice volunteering will give you an opportunity to truly make a difference in another's life. Your smile, your listening, your attention and compassionate presence will bring the important gift of connection and affirmation to someone in their last phase of life. Many of our volunteers read out loud, play music, or accompany patients to community activities in their facility. They will sometimes write legacy letters, have conversation, or just sit in companionable silence. Some volunteers provide respite for the caregiving family member who needs an hour or two break. You will receive orientation to hospice concepts as well as training for your patient visits. Your orientation and training will be scheduled on days, times, and a location convenient to you.
You will be well-supported and greatly appreciated by the entire hospice team.
Anyone making in-person visits must adhere to CDC guidelines.
22 More opportunities with Continuum Care Hospice
Opportunities
About Continuum Care Hospice
Location:
5401 Old Redwood Highway, Suite 110, Petaluma, CA 94954, US
Mission Statement
Continuum Care Hospice’s mission is to provide the terminally ill patient and their loved ones with the support and care they require to live their lives comfortably. Our goal is to provide physical, emotional, and spiritual comfort. We believe that Hospice care should be available to any and all persons with an illness for which there is no cure or for persons who elect not to attempt a cure, resulting in a limited life expectancy.
Description
Seeking Volunteers in Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties. Do you have a need for a little something more in your life...something that can provide a strong sense of connection and fulfillment? Are you looking for a way to share your knowledge, talent and heart that will have a meaningful impact on the lives of others?
Volunteering with Continuum Care Hospice offers you the opportunity to belong to a volunteer fellowship, benefit your well-being and do satisfying work to provide compassionate care to others. You will be a vital and valued member of our team.
The main role of a volunteer at Continuum Care Hospice is patient and family support. Volunteers also provide crucial assistance with administrative support, community outreach, fundraising and special projects.
Choose your best fit from a wide variety of volunteer opportunities and receive specialized free training that will give you confidence in your ability to help while being able to design your own schedule as part of an invaluable team.
Our volunteers tell us that volunteering with Continuum Care Hospice is life-changing and one of the most rewarding experiences of their lives.
WHEN
WHERE
This is a Virtual Opportunity with no fixed address.
DATE POSTED
August 12, 2021
SKILLS
- Elder care
- Reading / Writing
- Veteran Care
- Hospice Care
- People Skills
- Music Arts
GOOD FOR
N/A
REQUIREMENTS
- Driver's License Needed
- Background Check
- Must be at least 18
- Orientation or Training
- Flexible visit times, typically up to 2 hrs/week.
- Volunteer will visit patient where patient lives and provide own transportation. | https://www.volunteermatch.org/search/opp2305256.jsp |
Thyroid hormone promotes neurogenesis in the Xenopus spinal cord.
Three phases of neurogenesis can be recognized during Xenopus spinal cord development. An early peak during gastrulation/neurulation is followed by a phase of low level neurogenesis throughout the remaining embryonic stages and a later peak at early larval stages. We show here that several genes known to be essential for early neurogenesis (X-NGNR-1, XNeuroD, XMyT1, X-Delta-1) are also expressed during later phases of neurogenesis in the spinal cord, suggesting that they are involved in regulating spinal neurogenesis at later stages. However, additional neuronal determination genes may be important during larval stages, because X-NGNR-1 shows only scant expression in the spinal cord during larval stages. Thyroid hormone treatment of early larvae promotes neurogenesis in the spinal cord, where thyroid hormone receptor xTRalpha is expressed from early larval stages onward and results in precocious up-regulation of XNeuroD, XMyT1, and N-Tubulin expression. Similarly, thyroid hormone treatments of Xenopus embryos, which were coinjected with xTRalpha and the retinoid X receptor xRXRalpha, repeatedly resulted in increased numbers of neurons, whereas unliganded receptors repressed neurogenesis. Our findings show that thyroid hormones are sufficient to up-regulate neurogenesis in the Xenopus spinal cord.
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- Brand strengthening within various stakeholder groups.
- Communication partner for other committees.
- Using association communication channels for members’ support.
- Social media engagement reinforcement.
- Work with RA & Legal Committees to Map the social media guidelines in the region.
Members benefit from
- Building strong relations with key regional stakeholders.
- Continuous communication and opportunities of promotion for members via Mecomed social media channels and newsletters.
- Helping members identify solutions to key regional challenges.
- Association quarterly newsletters and blogs.
- Daily medical technology news flash on Mecomed website. | https://www.mecomed.com/focus-areas/committees/communications/ |
Traditional elements of Old World European styling are blended to create the look of the Antoinetta Collection. Acanthus leaf motif as well as bead and heavily carved moldings serve as the initial draw to the traditional design. Canted pilasters, sunburst medallion, and classic button and bale hardware further accent the California King bed. The heavily framed headboard features bronze bonded faux leather with crystal button tufting. Birch veneers is highlighted by a champagne finish with accentuating tipping.
Weights & Dimensions
- Overall Gross Weight: 372.00 lbs
- Overall Net Weight: 323.50 lbs
- Overall Dimension: 86 x 93 x 77.5H
- Headboard width: 86"
- Headboard height: 77.5
- Footboard width: 84.75"
- Footboard height: 35.75"
- Rail to floor: 7" | https://holbrooksclearancecenter.com/products/1919knc-1ck |
PSEB 10th Date Sheet 2020 has been released. Students waiting for their 10th date sheet 2020 can now check and download it through a link below. As per PSEB 10th Date Sheet 2020 exams are going to begin from March 17, 2020. The first exam is of Punjabi A/ Punjabi History and Moral/ Science. Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) has released the 10th date sheet on its official website- pseb.ac.in. The examination timings are from 10:00 am to 1:15 pm. Here through this article, we have discussed the important dates, steps to download Punjab Board 10th Date Sheet 2020 preparation tips, previous year question papers and more.
PSEB 10th Date Sheet 2020
PSEB 10th Date Sheet 2020 is available in a Punjabi language. The board has released the 10th date sheet a much earlier i.e on November 29. Last year PSEB 10th date sheet was released on January 01 and the exams conducted from April 15 to 26 after the dates revised. However, this year the date sheet is slight different than previous. To check it follow the table below.
Date Sheet 2020
Date Sheet: To check and download your PSEB 10th Date Sheet 2020 Click Here
Steps To Download PSEB 10th Date Sheet 2020
Punjab Board releases the date sheet online on its official website. Thus, to check it students need to follow certain steps as listed below.
1st Step- Firstly, click on the link of the date sheet available on this page.
2nd Step- As you click on the link a new page opens on your screen.
3rd Step- Here your Punjab Board 10th Date Sheet 2020 in a pdf format.
4th Step- Check your exam dates, timings, instructions and more carefully and note down the dates at one place.
5th Step- You can also download the date sheet directly through the link available for further assistance.
PSEB 10th Date Sheet 2020: Details
Students can check the important details available in the date sheet in the section given below:
- Name of the board
- Name of the examination
- Days of the examination
- Dates of the examination
- Timings of the examination
- Practical Eexamination
- Other important information
Punjab Board Class 10th Model Test Papers
Model Test papers are provided by the Punjab board online. Students can easily access them from their official website. The model test papers are the practice papers through which students can get an idea of the pattern of the question paper and the weightage of each and every type of question. Thus, here we are with the links of the model test papers provided below.
How To Score Good Marks In Board Exams
Preparation before the exams gives you better results rather than study before the last night. Now, the question arises how? As each subject has its own vast syllabus. Thus, to study and prepare it strategically here we have listed out the steps as given below.
Schedule: Firstly, make a schedule of yourself and start your preparation accordingly. Plan out the timings and the dates as per your status of preparation.
List of Topics: Each subject has its own prescribed syllabus. Thus, it is advised to the students to go through the syllabus carefully and listed out the topics to be prepared. You can also advised to keep a hard copy of the syllabus with you.
Basic Concepts: Work on concept of the questions, rather than mugging up the things. With better understanding, you can remember things for a long period.
Previous Year Question Papers: Go through the previous year question papers and analyze the pattern of the papers, weightage of each section and more.
Sample Papers: Practice the sample papers and analyze your mistakes. Work on them and try not to repeat on the exam day.
Make Notes: Writing while studying the exam helps you to retain the things for a long period. Make the key points of the importnt topics or the formulas at one place. Now, you are wondering that is it useful to make notes. Then yes, this helps you to revise the topics easily.
Revision: Last but not the least do not forget to revise the topics you have prepared for the exams. Take revision twice or thrice the times before the exams.
Official Website: pseb.ac.in
All The Best!
If you have any query regarding this then please let us know through your comments in the box provided below! | https://boardexam.aglasem.com/pseb-10th-date-sheet-2020/ |
Ethiopian Media Women Association (EMWA) is a non-partisan, non-profit professional association established in 1999 to promote women’s rights through and in the media. Since its establishment in 1999, EMWA has been engaged in advancing professional freedom, excellence, and ethical conduct among women journalists and media practitioners. Currently, it has over 100 members, from all fields of media and communication: private and government media, NGOs, international organizations, communication agencies, and professional individual women media practitioners. EMWA has members in all the regions and cities’ administration but liaising committees in Amhara, Oromia, Dire Dawa, Harar, Somali, and SNNPR. The association re-registered in 2019 after the new law on civil society organizations passed.
EMWA is looking for potential applicants for the following positions
Job Description
The purpose of this role is to ensure that the relevant administrative and accounting processes are in place and are adhered to EMWA policies and procedures. The Accountant/Admin will be appointed to facilitate and provide administrative support to Ethiopia Media Women Association. The position holder will be responsible for liaison EMWA and its office with government and implementing partners, stakeholders, and members. The Accountant/Admin will effectively and efficiently execute the day-to-day activities of EWMA.
The Accountant/Admin, therefore, plays a key role in
- Book Keeping of the financial data
- Planning activities and tracking budget and expenses
- Pays bills and necessary government taxes
- Regularly communicates to and updates the Executive Board of EMWA on the financial flow and budget-related issues
- Maintaining a conducive office environment including responding to calls and emails
- Prepare & process bank transfer & CPO base payments.
- Control and follow-ups retention account balances.
- Perform reconciliation of checks, bank transfers & CPO payments with bank statements on daily basis.
- Make sure that all payment vouchers and withholding tax transactions are recorded and posted on the system.
- Responsible to check pad documents hand availability and raising PR for printing orders.
Contract duration: One year with possible extension
Job Requirements
- BA Degree in Accounting, Accounting & Finance or relevant field study with a minimum of 3 years experience in payment processing.
ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS
- Knowledge in financial accounting, administration, and donor/project contract management, preferably with an NGO in a similar capacity
- Strong background and work experience.
- Excellent computer skills and proficiency in excel, word, outlook, and access.
- Excellent communication skills both verbal and written.
- Team player and flexible.
- A demonstrated commitment to high professional ethical standards and a diverse workplace. | https://www.ethiongojobs.com/accountant-admin-emwa-addis-ababa/ |
This past month I’ve been creating art as part of the #Feathruary2023 by @MischievousRedFox on Instagram. Illustrating birds is not only fun, and a great way for me to learn more about bird identifying characteristics, and sharing the finished piece is a good way to increase appreciation and respect for the bird world. Each piece in this series is fully illustrated in Adobe Photoshop using a digital drawing tablet.
This year’s prompts were more abstract rather than prompting individuals to draw species. This allowed the artist to draw different birds based on their unique perspectives and observations. It was so fun to see what other birds fit into prompts such as “Song, Poem, or Tale Inspired”, “Love” (for Valentine’s Day), or “Bird Feeder Friend”.
Below are four of my favorite pieces that I drew for this year’s art challenge, along with their life history and a bit of why I selected that bird for that day’s prompt.
Prompt: First Bird You See or Hear Each Day
When I take my dog out in the morning, we walk overlooking a grassy field lined with Black Walnuts and some thicket area. As our winter has been relatively mild (as it has for the past few years), the ground there is rather squishy and muddy. A lack of frozen layer makes perfect habitat for earthworms and other insects to be crawling around underground! The robins, usually hailed as a “spring” bird due to their iconic behavior of foraging for these worms in recently thawed ground (previously in March or April), are having a field day with the worms even this early in the year! When the ground is frozen, the robins forage for berries and dried fruits in the treetops. Even if I don’t immediately see them, their call is distinctive, listen HERE.
Prompt: Black
While there is no true black pigment in the natural world (humans have made synthetic black pigments), there are definitely animals that appear black with how saturated they are with dark red or brown pigments! The European Starling strikes me as a black bird, along with the Crow, Raven, or Red-winged Blackbird. Upon observation though, as the light hits their feathers just right (iridescence), they light up with the most beautiful greens, turquoise, and purples!
These birds are invasive here in North America. They were originally introduced because the settlers loved how they looked in Europe and wanted to bring their beauty across the ocean. Unfortunately, the birds adapted very well to the area, lack the predators and diseases that were in their native region, and have outcompeted many native bird species for resources and space. Despite this, it is hard to deny that they are indeed gorgeous birds!
Prompt: Bird Feeder Friend
These spring birds tend to be rather timid around humans, which makes them hard to spot at feeders. In mid-March – April though, if there are feeders bordering wooded areas, you might just be able to catch a glimpse of them flitting back and forth between the feeder and the protective tree line! These birds love seeds, making our Black Oil Sunflower seed feeders a treat for them. During the spring though, they start to transition to a heavier insect diet, since the insects provide valuable protein to help the young birds grow and develop.
While I may not see them often at my feeders, I do always get extremely excited when I spot one enjoying a seed or two before flying off.
Prompt: Biggest Bird Seen in Real Life
During my 2021 trip to Kenya, I had the incredible opportunity to watch a pair of Secretary birds sauntering in the tall grasses of the Maasai Mara. These birds stand at roughly four-five feet (1.22-1.5m) tall and much of that height comes from their long legs. They, as their scientific name implies (Sagittarius is “archer” and serpentarius is “snake” – although the “archer” name may also refer to the large feathers that look like arrows sticking out of a quiver), are predators of snakes. They will eat whatever they can catch if snakes are not easily found, though. The Secretary bird uses their long, powerful legs to lash out and kick the snakes that they come across to stun them or fling them into the air, or to flush them out of their hiding spots before using their sharp, curved beak to eat the prey.
Their long eyelashes help to protect their eyes from dust and debris as they stare at the ground while kicking and stomping. This adaptation is especially helpful in their dry, semi-arid habitat in Central and Sub-Saharan Africa.
By drawing these birds and sharing them with the public, I can encourage people to start falling in love with the incredible world of birds too! As we start to get to know the wildlife around us, even through images, books, or videos, we start to build connections to them. Through these connections, we start to understand them and develop a desire to protect them.
Do you love all things wildlife and want to share that passion with everyone you see? Check out my calendar of events for upcoming illustration classes (both in-person and virtual) or art exhibits that showcase these beautiful animals. Visit my shop to snag some bird stickers, magnets, and more! A portion of the proceeds helps to support wildlife conservation efforts. | https://theartofecology.com/2023/02/24/feathruary-2023-art-challenge/ |
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Getting Started with Course Redesign
Danae L. Hudson, Ph.D. Brooke L. Whisenhunt, Ph.D. Department of Psychology
1
History of our Redesign
Redesigned Introductory Psychology (PSY 121) at Missouri State University Part of statewide initiative in academic collaboration and course redesign Partnered with National Center for Academic Transformation (NCAT) and serve as a participating institution in the Next Generation Learning Challenges grant (State of Missouri) Collaborative team effort including 5 full-time faculty, administrators, instructional designers, and graduate assistants
2
Recommendations for Starting the Redesign Process
STEP 1: Identify the need(s) for course redesign
3
Some Reasons to Consider a Redesign….
Poor Learning Outcomes Retention Problems High DFW Rates High Resource Demand Course Drift Primarily, faculty will be responsible for designing the new course; hence, faculty should be leaders in identifying challenges and developing the goals for redesigning.
4
Our Traditional PSY 121 General education course Lecture only model
153 students 1 faculty instructor 65% full time faculty (tenure-track or instructor) 35% per course Instructor: Student Ratio = 1:153 Assessments primarily multiple choice exams 4 or 5 per semester
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PSY 121: Why Redesign? Improve Learning Outcomes Reduce DFW Rates
Reduce/Eliminate Course Drift Increase Instructor: Student Ratio to Allow for Creative Pedagogy
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STEP 2: Determine the scope of the redesign
One-section approach All-section approach Decide if you need to partner with any course redesign specialists Two early decisions to be made involve: 1) the scope of the redesign and 2) if your institution will partner with any course redesign specialists (e.g., National Center for Academic Transformation, Next Generation Course Redesign). Determining the scope of the redesign may, in part, help determine if outside consultation and/or collaboration is needed. Regarding scope, the question involves whether the redesign will target only one section of a course or involve all sections of a course. One-section redesign requires fewer people and resources at the beginning, but can be more challenging in terms of dissemination of results and implementation in other sections. Upper division and/or small enrollment courses typically taught by a single individual or small number of individuals may be candidates for this redesign approach. Large enrollment, multiple section (typically general education) courses may be better suited to a redesign that encompasses all sections of the course. This all-section method requires significantly more people and time in the planning phases. However, the dissemination and implementation may be less challenging because there is more buy-in and ownership from a planning team to use a standardized content and framework. It is important to recognize that these recommendations are not rigid rules and the choice of a redesign plan should be made in the context of the course goals, faculty interests, and philosophy of the department and academic institution.
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PSY 121: Scope and Partnership
All-sections approach Redesigned 10 traditional sections of 153 students in the fall to 5 redesigned sections of 300 Partnered with NCAT and numerous departments on campus Part of a statewide initiative: Every state institution in Missouri redesigned at least one course that can ultimately be disseminated to other institutions, if they are interested
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STEP 3: Assemble a Team Include faculty with experience teaching the course Include administrators and support staff Clearly identify a team leader Understands the course challenges in the larger political/economic context Genuinely believes in the potential of course redesign Effective at building relationships between faculty and administrators Once a target course is identified, the redesign team should be assembled. The key players in the redesign team should be a core group of faculty who has a history of teaching the course and an interest in course transformation. The exact number of faculty involved will depend on the current faculty assignment and method of course redesign chosen (e.g., one- section versus all-sections). It is also imperative that the transformation team include administrators and support staff. Additionally, regardless of the number of faculty involved, there needs to be a clearly identified leader who serves as a liaison between the faculty, administration and support personnel (Turner & Carriveau, 2010). The faculty leader should be an individual who understands the specific course challenges and how they fit into the larger political and economic context. The leader must be someone who genuinely believes in the potential of course redesign and is able to bring enthusiasm to the team. In order to serve as an effective liaison, the team leader should have good relationships with both faculty and administrators, and have regular access to administrators throughout the project.
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PSY 121: Our Team Psychology Faculty Redesign Team Members
Team Leader: Danae Hudson Rachel Happel, Ann Rost, Carol Shoptaugh, Brooke Whisenhunt Instructional Design/Classroom Technology JoAnn Matson, Bruce Richards, Nancy Gordon, David Caravella, Michael Fisher, Michael Frizell Graduate Assistants Brittany Combs, Gail Williams, Emily Stefano MSU Administration Clif Smart, Frank Einhellig, John Catau, Rachelle Darabi, Chris Craig, Helen Reid, Tim Daugherty
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STEP 4: Identify Goals to Establish Necessary Resources
Short-term goals (i.e., this semester) Long-term goals (e.g., the life of the project) Team leader works to garner support from administration and commitment of adequate resources identify short-term (e.g., this semester) and long-term (e.g., the life of the project) project plans. Brainstorming objectives and specific tasks associated with meeting each objective will allow the team leader to identify the resources needed for successful redesign. The team leader must obtain the necessary support from administration prior to the completion of significant work. Support from administration will demonstrate commitment to the faculty team, which will serve to contribute to the team’s motivation throughout the life of the project. The costs associated with a course redesign vary depending on the discipline and specific course within the discipline. For example, math courses that require new computer emporiums to be built will require significantly more financial commitment than courses like Introductory Psychology, which are less equipment-intensive. It should be noted that the number of faculty involved in the redesign does impact the cost of redesign. Faculty costs associated with course redesign will likely include summer salaries and reassigned time or overload pay. Clearly, the number of redesign participants affects the bottom line. While being more expensive in the short-term, the buy-in achieved by more inclusive groups will likely be more efficient in the long-term. Additionally, if the redesign plan includes graduate assistants or other learning assistants, there will be additional operating expenses. Examining costs associated with the course prior to redesign and those associated with start-up and delivery of the redesigned course allows designers and administrators to calculate cost-benefit analyses before the design and implementation of the course. A detailed comparison of the cost of the traditional course and the projected cost of the redesigned course can be useful when negotiating with administration regarding project resources and support. Finally, it is important to keep in mind that many redesigned courses are more efficient and result in financial savings for the institution on an annual basis.
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The Importance of Learning Objectives: Developing GLOs and sLOs
Used NextGen framework to establish GLOs and SLOs for every chapter/concept for the course; then we could identify different ways to achieve each learning objective (e.g., through the use of technology, class demonstrations, etc)
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STEP 5: Develop an Assessment Process
Assessment helps facilitate the following: Operationally defining course goals Identification of strategies to obtain goals Empirical evaluation of outcomes A preliminary assessment plan should be created before content redesign begins. While it might seem intuitive to discuss the details of the actual course redesign prior to developing an assessment plan, establishing a global assessment plan orients the team to the importance of the empirical evaluation of the redesign. Team members should become accustomed to operationally defining goals, identifying a strategy for obtaining goals, and empirically evaluating outcomes. This relentless focus on assessment will provide information essential to continued course improvement and sustained administrative support (Turner & Carriveau, 2010).
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PSY 121: Assessment Combination of assessment plans during pilot phase and full implementation Pre-Post Allows control for initial group differences Parallel One pilot section compared to two sections of a traditional course Collected in Spring 2012 Historical Data Compared to data collected over past years
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PSY 121: Assessment Tools Learning Outcomes
30-item comprehensive learning outcomes exam Historical value 50-item comprehensive learning outcomes exam Developed by the redesign team 1. Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship? a. +.07 b. +.62 c. -.56 d. -.81 2. In an experiment to determine the effects of tutoring on psychology exam scores, tutoring is the ____. a. Control condition b. Intervening variable c. Independent variable d. Dependent variable 3. Angelo has just completed a 100-mile bicycle ride, but feels little pain or discomfort. His lack of pain is probably caused by the release of _____. a. Endorphins b. Dopamine c. Acetylcholine d. Curare
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PSY 121: Assessment Tools DFW Rates Attendance Student Evaluations
Final Course Grades/Course Completion Attendance Using clicker participation points and sign-in sheets Student Evaluations Standard evaluations Course component evaluations Designed by redesign team specifically for this course
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STEP 6: Develop the Structure and Content of the Course Redesign
Identification of publisher materials that will meet the course goals How will you incorporate technology? Finding appropriate space Scheduling/timing of classes A number of activities related to the structure and content of the redesigned course must occur simultaneously. For example, it is essential to identify a publisher who can provide a text and online resources to meet the course goals. However, the ability to evaluate publisher products requires the team to have a set of mutually agreed-upon goals. Many disciplines will find assistance with overarching goals from their professional organization’s educational directorate. As the focus of redesign becomes more specific and course content method decisions are made, the team must take countless logistics into consideration. These include: finding appropriate space for the class/lab, scheduling/timing of classes (which may be different than the standard at the institution), the availability of the appropriate technology (inside and outside the classroom), and development of materials for the redesigned course. In some cases, the logistical constraints of an institution will limit the scope of the redesign. For example, the redesign team may want to incorporate break out lab sessions with a small number of students led by undergraduate teaching assistants. However, if the space for such break-out groups is not available alternatives will have to be considered. Engaging support personnel (i.e., registrar, administrative assistants, classroom technology experts, instructional designers) during this stage can save the redesign team effort, time, and frustration later in the process.
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PSY 121: Comprehensive Review of All Publisher Materials
Criteria Used to Evaluate Publisher Material Quality of the textbook/e-book Ease of website use for instructors and students Quality and quantity of instructor resources Instructor/student editing options within the e-book (add notes, video clips, etc.) Mastery quizzes with automatic grading and feedback Clicker content Experiential learning/simulation activities and video demonstrations/tutorials Quality of the test bank with proctoring/administration options Personalized student feedback/activities (based on performance on quizzes) Interactive PowerPoint presentations Instructional design/technical support
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PSY 121: A Blended Course Design
Lecture 1x/wk Online Group Communication and Experiential Learning Individual Online (MyPsychLab)
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PSY 121: Access to Course Staff
Faculty Senior Learning Assistant Undergraduate Learning Assistant (20 students) Learning Lab
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PSY 121: Weekly Expectations and Activities
Read Chapter Take Pre-test in MPL Complete Study Plan Take Post-test in MPL Complete Media Assignment Attend Lecture Complete Chapter Exam
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PSY 121: Engaged with the Material in Class
Clickers Peer Instruction Interactive Class Demonstrations Short Video Clips Engaged with the Material Out of Class: Weekly MyPsychLab Activities Study Plan Completion Media Assignment Chapter Exam Discussion Boards – group experiential activity
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PSY 121: Feedback for Students
MyPsychLab Feedback Exam Feedback s to students concerning performance (all levels) Congrats to those who performed well Information on how to improve and resources to those who need to improve Performance Interventions Level 1 (followed Exam 1) Level 2 (followed midterm grades)
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PSY 121: Provide Students With Individualized Assistance
Individualized study plan through MyPsychLab BearCLAW tutoring services available 25 hours per week with ULAs Interventions for struggling students
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PSY 121: Learning Outcomes
Comparison of Redesign Means to Historical Departmental Means 30-Item Comprehensive Exam All Sections Fall 2012 Pilot Spring 2012 Fall 2011 2010 2009 Spring 2004 2004 Pretest 35% 10.50 (3.36) 36% 10.73 (3.65) 39% 11.79 (3.10) 11.56 (3.44) 11.66 (3.32) 41% 12.32 (2.87) 38% 11.31 (2.74) Posttest 65% 19.50 (4.27) 66% 19.84 (4.70) 60% 18.11 (4.46) 52% 15.62 (3.74) 49% 14.83 (4.12) 55% 16.49 (4.24) 58% 17.46 (4.95) % Improvement 86% 85% 54% 27% 34% n 1340 102 302 415 509 87 98
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PSY 121: Course Completion/DFW Rates
Traditional (Fall sections) A, B, C, or D = 87% DFW = 24% Redesign (Fall sections) A, B, C, or D = 83% Attendance up 8% (looking at 1 section traditional vs redesign)
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STEP 7: Educating Your Academic Community about the Redesign
Change is uncomfortable Public relations work can be critical Seek opportunities to educate faculty, students, parents, and community members Finally, while public perceptions of the redesign and its purpose are important during the entire redesign process, they become critical as implementation approaches. The team should be aware of the public perceptions regarding course changes. The status quo, even when ineffective, can be comfortable for many constituency groups; conversely, change can be seen as threatening. Consequently, the design team must use appropriate opportunities to educate faculty, students, parents, and members of the community of the potential benefits of the course redesign and methods. Also need to disseminate your results
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PSY 121: Efforts to Educate Our Campus About the Redesign
Developed a presentation about the course for new student orientation (SOAR) targeting students and parents Invited key administrators to attend a redesigned class (Department Head, Associate Provost, and Provost have all attended a redesigned course) Regular presentations about the redesign process and outcomes to the full psychology faculty Multiple presentations across campus and statewide
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Contact Information Danae L. Hudson, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Missouri State University (417)
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Rise Above Colorado is a drug use prevention organization whose mission is to empower youth to lead a life free of substance misuse. Rise Above Colorado aligns resources and prevention approaches between partners at the community and state levels. The Colorado Constellation Project connects Rise Above and community-based agencies across the state who work in the intersection of youth engagement and substance use prevention.
Evaluation Approach
The evaluation team works collaboratively and iteratively with Rise Above to understand how partners in community-based agencies build their capacity to engage in youth substance use prevention through participation in the Colorado Constellation Project. Evaluators complete a survey and in-depth interviews annually with community partners. We use organizational network analysis to evaluate the development of partner relationships.
The evaluation team also collaborates with Rise Above staff in capacity building activities so they can assess how youth are impacted by working with them through their youth civic engagement councils. | https://www.the-evaluation-center.org/project/rise-above/ |
Recent studies from this and other laboratories have demonstrated that in addition to its enhancing and permissive in vitro effects, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is capable of activating murine lymphocytes to proliferation, to polyclonal antibody synthesis, and to polyclonal cytotoxicity. This compound appears to represent a different class of stimulant than the classical mitogens because it is orders of magnitude smaller in molecular weight and may well act at a point internal to the cell membrane. Therefore, experiments have been designed to study this activation process from a number of different directions. The state of maturity necessary before a population of cells becomes responsive to 2-ME will be determined. The relationship between cellular maturity and acquisition of functional capacity will be investigated with regard to polyclonal antibody production as induced by an array of mitogenic substances (including 2-ME). Using the sequential development of responsiveness to different mitogens as a time scale, the stage at which the B cell maturation block of CBA/N mice occurs will be assessed and placed in the perspective of this scale. Moreover, the role of acquisition of cell surface IgD in the generation of the response to 2-ME will be determined. Studies have been planned to probe the manner in which cells collaborate in order to amplify their response to non-specific activation. The experiments are designed to identify the B cell, T cell, or macrophage nature of the stimulator cell and the stimulator cell and the responding cell, as well as the role of identity at various histocompatibility loci in the interaction between these two cells. Attempts will be made to isolate and characterize the molecular entity mediating this cellular interaction and to localization subcellular site of action. The final objective of these studies is to identify and characterize the molecular species with which 2-ME interacts to trigger the cell. Attempts will be made to localize the 2-ME interaction site as to the organelle, class of molecule, and if possible, the particular molecule involved.
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Much of the recent work on global philology has focused on pointing out parallels between philological methods and traditions in various cultures; that is, on straightforward comparison. This conference is focused rather on identifying and examining the actual connections that create or lie behind such parallels. As scholars in transcultural studies have pointed out, global connectivity and migration are not only features of modernity, but are in fact an essential part of the formation of culture. Considering the temporal depth and geographical breadth of philological tradition(s), it is limiting to assume that the philological traditions of a specific culture have remained untouched by these connections, no matter the enthusiasm with which a state may employ their manuscripts and philological history in service of their respective “unique” nationalist identities.
This conference topic encourages a practice of philology in full view of the extended contacts and relationships between cultures, against the “methodological nationalism” of our existing disciplinary frameworks. Such contacts can include, but are not limited to:
Textual connections: Citations and allusions in texts and manuscripts to texts from another textual tradition/culture, or wholesale borrowing of content
Human connections: Meetings between historical philological agents (authors, scribes, etc.), or influence from individual cultural brokers (e.g., missionaries, Jesuits, pilgrims, etc.)
Cultural connections: Connections between large cultural groups, such as nation-states, religious traditions, etc., resulting in extended religious, narrative, political, or philosophical communications
Linguistic connections: Developments of language through translation projects
History of the field: Asymmetrical collaborations between modern philologists
We suggest that a focus on connections is a much-needed piece in the reinvention of philology. While this approach stands on the shoulders of global philology, and compliments other kindred attempts to revitalize the field, it departs from these positions by adopting the critique of a bounded notion of culture, placing focus instead on the processes of transformation behind textual sources and the networks that have created and transmitted practices of textual interpretation. Such a focus aims toward an eventual connected history of philology, constructed through scrupulous and varied microhistories.
What additionally concerns us is how philological connections or their results have been obscured by entrenched power-dynamics. We therefore encourage submissions from scholars of various disciplines and theoretical backgrounds, such as intellectual history, gender studies, post-colonial studies, etc., as the cultural theories of the past decades may equip us with new sets of terms and concepts with which to address this concern. However, submissions should challenge the biases and presumptions of the field with substantial philological work, not on the basis of theoretical reflection alone.
To apply, please send a title, an abstract of 300–500 words, and a CV to [email protected] by November 30, 2022.
The conference will take place at the Carl Friedrich von Siemens Stiftung in Munich, Germany. All associated costs, including accommodation, travel expenses, and meals during the conference, will be covered by the conference organizers.
Contextual readings
Dayeh, Islam. “The Potential of World Philology.” Philological Encounters 1 (2016): 396–418.
Juneja, Monica and Christian Kravagna. “Understanding Transculturalism.” Model House Research Group (Hg.) Transcultural Modernisms: Akademie der Bildenden Künste Wien. Berlin: Sternberg (2013): 22–33.
Most, Glenn W. “Philology as a Social Practice.” In Bibliotechnica: Humanist Practice in Digital Times, edited by John Tresh, 61–85. Venice: Fondazione Giorgio Cini, 2018.
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. Connected History: Essays and Arguments. London: Verso Books, 2022. | https://networks.h-net.org/node/8382/discussions/10976858/cfp-beyond-comparison-towards-connected-philology |
When we think of a comfortable retirement, each of us has a different idea of what that means. For some, it means eventually being able to travel the world, or being able to support loved ones even after retirement. For others, it just means financial independence. Regardless of our specific goals, though, we all want to be able to live life without becoming a financial burden to our loved ones.
While many of us dream of a comfortable retirement, the reality is that when it comes to saving money among OECD countries, Kiwis come in near the bottom of the list. That’s because many of us are making several big mistakes when it comes to managing and building wealth.
1. Not having a clear budget and retirement plan
Most of us aren’t budgeting with retirement in mind, and that is a very big mistake. According to the OECD’s research, “How’s Life? 2020: Measuring Well-Being”, 53 per cent of Kiwis would be at risk of sliding into poverty if they had to forgo three months worth of income. For many, this is an issue that can be traced directly back to a lack of proper planning.
Financial independence is something we have to build deliberately. That means setting financial goals for both the short term and long term, and deliberately setting aside money to meet those goals. More importantly, it also means taking control of our spending and lifestyle now. A clear retirement plan and plan to spend for the present tells us what we need to know to make our goals a reality. Often, that means making necessary short and medium-term lifestyle changes that allow us to save more and ultimately make it possible for us to build wealth.
2. Expecting the government to work things out
Many Kiwis expect, or maybe just hope, that government superannuation will be enough to see them through their golden years. This is a poor option to hang your hopes on, considering that many don’t expect government superannuation to continue to exist in the long term.
While many Kiwis are additionally paying into KiwiSaver, they often just pay their minimum contribution, hoping that this will somehow be sufficient. While having a KiwiSaver is always better than not, it’s not designed to function as the sole basis for retirement income. The only reliable option for a comfortable retirement is self-reliance.
3. Failing to protect assets
Even a good financial situation can go bad quickly if assets aren’t protected properly. The death of a spouse, a sudden disability, a business failure, or a disaster like a house fire can wipe out retirement savings in a number of different ways. Alternatively, illness or injury can force us out of the workforce early, depriving us of critical income late in our careers. An up-to-date Will, enduring powers of attorney, a trust if right for your circumstances, life and disability insurance, and insurance for major assets are all important parts of a good asset protection strategy.
4. Giving too much away
As a parent, it’s natural to want to support our children financially - especially considering the current conditions with the housing crisis that many young people and first home buyers are finding themselves in. However, it’s important to think of yourself first. While that might sound selfish, this is important both for yourself and your children.
It’s not easy to muddle through a hard financial situation as a young adult, but it’s doable for most. That difficulty is well worth it if it means not having to rely on the support of aging parents later in life.
5. Underestimating your life expectancy
Kiwis are living longer than ever, and life expectancy is still rising. If we only plan for our retirement fund to last 15-20 years, there is a good chance that we’ll outlive our ability to support ourselves. As life expectancy is still going up, most of us should plan our retirement funds to last at least 25-30 years.
Planning, budgeting, and structuring your finances is the key to securing the kind of retirement you want to enjoy in your golden years. At Trustees Executors Private Wealth, we help our clients to plan for retirement, build wealth, and protect their assets to make sure that they and their loved ones are taken care of. If you’d like to learn more about how we can help, get in contact with us today. | https://www.trustees.co.nz/about-us/insights/five-mistakes-that-can-derail-your-retirement/ |
This invention relates to electron beam cold hearth furnaces and, more particularly, to a new and improved electron beam furnace having a high capacity.
In electron beam cold hearth refining of metals, a solid skull of the metal being refined is formed on the surface of the cold hearth. Moreover, during the refining and casting operation, spattered drops of molten metal solidify on the walls and other interior surfaces of the hearth. Consequently, whenever there is a change in the composition of the material being refined, the furnace must be shut down, cooled and opened to permit thorough cleaning of the interior surfaces so as to avoid contamination of the next batch of material to be refined. The time required to effectuate such changes includes not only the time involved in cooling, removing the skull and cleaning the furnace and then re-establishing the necessary high vacuum for electron beam operation, but also the time involved in outgassing the interior of the furnace, which usually requires many hours.
Furthermore, even if the same product is being refined continuously, it is necessary to change condensate collection screens within the furnace periodically to avoid build-up of condensate which can catch fire during venting of the furnace for a maintenance cycle and thereby damage furnace components.
Because of these considerations, the maximum production time which can be expected with conventional electron beam cold hearth furnaces is no more than about 40%, the balance of the time being required for maintenance work, set-up and start-up for each new refining run and handling of material being supplied to or removed from the furnace. In view of the high cost of electron beam furnaces, it would be economically advantageous to increase the production time for such furnaces.
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Put in a nutshell, a fraction is written in terms of two parts separated by a line in between: the number above the line is called the numerator and the number below the line is called the denominator. To solve this question, we can use the division method to get a decimal: simply divide the numerator 41012 by the denominator 100 to get the decimal:
41012 (numerator) ÷ 100 (denominator) = 410.12
That’s it! When you convert 409 112/100 (or 41012/100) to a decimal, 410.12 is your answer. | https://hellothinkster.com/math-questions/decimals/what-is-409-112-100-as-a-decimal |
By Vasyl Postolovskyi and Olle Gladso, Contributing Writers and Instructors at Riverland Technical and Community College in Albert Lea, MN
In a previous article, we examined the use of unconventional but simple methods for detecting electrical faults in vehicles. We discussed digital multimeters, current clamp meters and a digital oscilloscope. In this article, we will similarly discuss an alternative approach to diagnosing an engine using the pressure waveforms from an in-cylinder pressure transducer.
We are going to diagnose engines based on the pressure waveform obtained from the cylinder(s) of a running engine. We will need to safely disable the ignition for the chosen cylinder. One method is to connect the coil or plug wire to a spark tester. To avoid any problems from ignited fuel, from perhaps a hot surface in the cylinder, we should disable fuel delivery to the cylinder being tested as well. To display the waveform, we use a transducer that converts pressure into voltage. The voltage output can then be displayed as a trace on an oscillosocpe screen.
The transducer is replacing the spark plug in the cylinder being tested. (See Photo 1) Due to heating of the transducer from the running engine, the test should not run more than approximately three minutes. If the spark plug is recessed, it may be necessary to use an extension, as shown in Photo 2, called a deep well adapter. A flexible extension, such as from a compression gauge set, should not be used. This is because the flexing may cause a loss of detail in the waveform.
Although the transducer shown here is incorporated in the oscilloscope kit used, other transducers can be used as well. The pressure transducers used should have low inertia, so they react quickly to pressure changes. They should also be accurate, retain accuracy as they warm up, and accept as well as recover quickly from pressure overload situations.
Reading and Diagnosing the Pressure Waveform
After setting up the transducer and the oscilloscope, a waveform (Figures 1 and 2 or similar) will be obtained once the engine is started. It’s best to save and/or record the waveform, then analyze it. This way, there are no time limitations present with regards to running the engine.
It may take some time to become comfortable with using these waveforms to analyze engines. The particular software shown here has provisions for performing automatic analysis, which can be very helpful, especially when you’re starting out performing this type of diagnosis.
Automatic Analysis of Anomalies in the Pressure Waveform
In Figure 3, the software has automatically detected deviations from the positions of characteristic points in the graph as well as shape distortions. Due to this automatic capability, the probability of detecting a mechanical defect in the engine increases, and the time spent on waveform research is significantly reduced.
Advanced Automatic Analysis Transcribing the Waveform
This particular software automatically analyzes the cylinder pressure waveform and generates a print out or report with a number of additional parameters and characteristics of the engine and the associated control unit. The calculated values are pneumatic and geometric characteristics of the cylinder; the list of found deviations is displayed in the form of text messages. To improve speed and accuracy of valve timing research, the cylinder pressure waveform is converted into a diagram of the gas amount in the cylinder and is displayed in two different ways, using a script.
A detailed diagram of the cyclic filling of the cylinder during the intake stroke, which characterizes the properties of the entire intake manifold of the engine is also provided. A diagram showing the energy consumption for scavenging exhaust gases from the cylinder is provided as well. Using these diagrams and the igntion timing signal, the ignition timing diagram is built and can be displayed.
Naturally, the script cannot replace an expert diagnostician, it can only convert cylinder pressure waveforms into a more readable form, but it does allow for a decrease in the time a diagnostician spends on analysis, and also to limit missed implicit/hidden deviations/faults. For more detailed information on the possibilities of the script, we will review each of its report tabs.
The Report Tab
The conventional or classic tool for assessing the state of an engine cylinder and piston is a compression gauge. It is designed to measure the compression or peak pressure in the cylinder obtained while cranking the engine. The measurement is a complex value and depends on losses through cylinder leakage, the compression ratio, the valve timing, the cranking speed, and the state of the intake and exhaust ports or manifold.
A reduction of compression pressure in a cylinder is usually thought of as being caused by cylinder leakage or valve timing. However, the reason can also be reduced geometric compression ratio from, for example, a bent piston rod, due to hydrolock. Hydrolock occurs when a piston tries to compress something non-compressible, such as a liquid.
The Px script, as shown in Figure 4, can distinguish cylinder leakage from low compression ratio because it independently calculates gas losses and the compression value.
The compression ratio can usually be found in the service information, under general engine data, and depends on the engine’s design.
Normal pressure or gas loss for an engine in good condition is in the 10-18% range. A loss of more than 20% could indicate excessive leakage in a cylinder. The algorithm for calculating cylinder losses is complex, with some variables that are difficult to account for. A typical problem is the heat loss of the gas in the cylinder. The heat loss arises from the fact that the gas temperature in the cylinder during compression, even without ignition, is rising above the temperature of the cylinder walls. Consequently, part of the heat energy of the gas in the cylinder is transferred to the piston, cylinder and cylinder head. The loss of heat causes a loss of pressure. In practice, the calculated cylinder pressure loss of an engine in good condition is about 10%.
The Quantity Tab
Figure 5 shows a diagram of gas in the cylinder depending on the piston position and the stroke.
Figure 6 is zoomed in on a portion of the graph from Figure 5 and shows the typical shape of the graph from an engine in good condition.
For the following few paragraphs, please refer to Figure 5. When plotting a diagram of the amount of gas in the cylinder, four colors are used that reflect the working strokes. The piston is at TDC on the left side of the diagram and at BDC on the right side. The volume of gas in the cylinder is represented by how high the trace rises in the vertical direction.
As the piston moves farther away from TDC on the intake stroke, given as the green trace on the diagram, read from left to right, the volume in the cylinder is increased, the pressure is lowered, and so ambient air flows from the intake manifold and into the cylinder. This causes the green trace to rise.
At BDC, the piston changes direction and the volume in the cylinder begins to decrease, but the amount of gas in the cylinder continues to increase as evidenced by the blue trace on the diagram in Figure 5. The increase in gas volume occurs because the gas has weight and thus has inertia, causing the flow to continue even after the piston has changed direction on BDC. After the gas flow has stopped, gas may start to flow back into the intake manifold due to the piston action. This backflow depends on the timing of the intake valve. When the intake valve is closed, no flow will exist, and the blue trace becomes essentially flat. In this particular case, the filling of the cylinder is maximized at 155° before TDC, and the intake valve closed approximately 140° before TDC.
After the piston passes TDC, previously compressed gas in the cylinder begins to “decompress,” but since the valves are closed, the amount in the cylinder is still almost unchanged, so the graph looks almost like a straight line (yellow trace of the diagram, the left side, read from left to right). However, the clearly visible gradual spread between the straight yellow diagram trace and the blue trace indicates the quantitative heat loss of the gas in the cylinder. The greatest amount of loss is observed near TDC when the gas pressure and temperature are at their maximum.
The exhaust valve begins to open before the piston reaches BDC. In this particular case, the opening starts at 140° after TDC. The pressure measurements are made without a source of ignition, so there’s no combustion. The cylinder pressure at this point is almost identical to the pressure in the intake manifold, which is well below atmospheric pressure. The pressure in the exhaust manifold is close to the atmospheric pressure and exceeds the pressure in the cylinder. Therefore, once the exhaust valve starts to open, the exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold begin to flow into the cylinder. This flow equalizes the pressure in the cylinder with the atmospheric pressure. This equalization is reflected in the diagram as a sharp rise of the yellow trace.
After passing the BDC point, the piston starts to push gas from the cylinder into the exhaust manifold (red trace on the diagram, read from right to left). When approaching TDC, the exhaust valve begins to close and the intake starts to open. At this point, the pressure in the cylinder is still close to atmospheric, as the cylinder is still open to the exhaust manifold. After passing through the TDC point, when the exhaust valve is fully closed and the intake is opening, part of the remaining gas in the cylinder flows into the intake manifold, since there is low pressure or vacuum in the intake manifold. Thus, the amount of gas in the cylinder is not minimum at TDC, but later. In this case, the minimum amount is reached approximately 20° after TDC, as shown on the diagram as a drop in the green trace. Further, because the volume in the cylinder is increasing, the gas flows from the intake manifold again.
Thus, using the graph of the gas quantity in the cylinder we can detect and measure where the intake valve closes and where the exhaust valve opens. If the nominal values for valve opening and closing are not given, deviations will have to be detected based on cylinder-to-cylinder variation (or comparing to a known-good engine).
Different manifold designs will show different relative timing with respect to intake and exhaust phases. However, the width of the intake phase is always substantially the same as the exhaust phase. The phases are always substantially symmetrical relative to TDC as well. In practice this means that when the intake valve closes at 140° before TDC, the exhaust valve must be opened approximately the same 140° after TDC. In other words, in the same relative position of the piston. Because of this symmetry, the diagram of the amount of gas in the cylinder shows the same characteristic points located above one another.
This is true for engines with narrow valve timing and with wide valve timing — phase asymmetry usually does not go beyond ±10°. This rule does not necessarily apply to engines equipped with variable valve timing, however.
Figure 7 shows the result if the timing belt or chain is installed one tooth late on an engine with a single overhead camshaft. This error generally causes about a 15° delay. InFigure 7, the amount of gas in the cylinder is reflected as an offset of the closing of the intake valve at about 15° to the left, and the opening of the intake is about 15° to the right. In this case, it turns out that the characteristic points are away from each other by approximately 30°. | https://www.techshopmag.com/analyzing-cylinder-pressure-waveform-running-engine-part-1/ |
UH Manoa researchers help discover longevity gene
Variant of gene nearly triples life expectancy
Researchers with Kuakini Medical Center, the Pacific Health Research Institute and the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa‘s John A. Burns School of Medicine have discovered that having a specific variation of a gene related to the regulation of cellular and blood sugar levels is linked with having a long and healthy life.
The gene, FOXO3A, has been directly linked to longevity in other species. But this is the first time this strong linkage to healthy aging has been demonstrated in humans.
Dr. Bradley Wilcox, of The Queen‘s Medical Center and the Pacific Health Research Institute, is Principal Investigator for the Hawai‘i Lifespan Study. Dr. Wilcox is also Clinical Associate Professor at the John A. Burns School of Medicine.
Dr. Wilcox and his team, including John A. Burns School of Medicine researchers Dr. David Curb and Dr. Beatriz Rodriguez, as well as Cancer Research Center investigator Dr. Timothy Donlon, studied biological samples and clinical data drawn from the 8,000 Japanese-American men in Hawai‘i who have had periodic health exams since the mid-1960‘s as part of the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program/Kuakini-Honolulu-Asia Aging Study.
The team identified 213 long-lived patients and 402 average-lived patients from the group, and found the following. Men who had one copy of the specific variation of the gene doubled their odds of living an average of 98 years, with some living as long as 106 years. Men with two copies almost tripled their odds of living for one century. Both sets of men appeared significantly healthier at older ages.
Dr. David Curb, co-author of the study, is not recommending people rush out to get tested for the longevity gene. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise and smoking can affect longevity and further studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
"But genes may account for up to 50% of what determine whether you live longer," said Dr. Curb. The researchers hope that better understanding of the mechanisms of aging will lead to further discoveries, such as medicines or lifestyle interventions, which could lower our risk for age-related disease and disability.
The findings of the Hawaii Lifespan Study are reported in the September 1, 2008 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences.
Primary funding for the study was provided by the National Institute on Aging. Other contributors included The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and the Hawai‘i Community Foundation.
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The Department of Agricultural Economics at Purdue University, in collaboration with Microsoft, has created the Purdue Food and Agricultural Vulnerability Index online dashboard to quantify the potential risk to the supply of agricultural products as a result of COVID-19 farm and agricultural worker illnesses.
Vulnerability of the supply of an agricultural commodity to risks such as COVID-19 depends on the number of farmers and agricultural workers affected, location of affected workers, crops and animals that are grown in the most impacted regions and the degree to which production is concentrated in a particular geographic region.
The Purdue Food and Agricultural Vulnerability Index online dashboard, built on top of Microsoft Azure and Power BI platforms, estimates the share of agricultural production at risk by combining data on the number of COVID cases in each U.S. county with the county’s total population, U.S. Department of Agriculture data on the number of farmers and hired farm workers in each county and data on agricultural production of each county.
“One of the things we’ve learned over the past few weeks is how important it is to know where our food comes from and to be able to identify and pi point potential problem spots. This tool was designed to help us detect if and when a problem emerges,” said Jayson Lusk, distinguished professor and department head of agricultural economics at Purdue and collaborator on the index.
Ranveer Chandra, chief scientist at Microsoft Azure Global and lead collaborator on the project, said, “Digital tools can help alleviate some of stresses we are currently facing in the food sector. We are collaborating with Purdue University to interpret data from different sources, and from multiple points in the supply chain, to add more visibility and identify potential risks to our food system.”
The online dashboard allows users to drill down by commodity and estimate the potential risk production and productivity losses due to COVID-19 farmer and farm worker illnesses at the state and county level. | https://www.foodlogistics.com/safety-security/risk-compliance/press-release/21135979/microsoft-purdue-microsoft-collaboration-calculates-agricultural-product-supply-risk-due-to-covid19 |
[Positron-emission tomography in the diagnosis of abdominal tumors].
PET is recognized as a powerful imaging research tool. Its clinical application has been increasing significantly in recent years. Based on pathophysiological and biochemical principles, functional PET imaging makes it possible to assess parameters of tumor biology not easily accessible to conventional imaging, such as metabolic activity, proliferation, adrenergic transmitter uptake or accumulation of cytostatics in individual tumor manifestations. For clinical application, PET imaging with 2-[F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is of paramount importance. This article reviews recent developments in the use of PET in the diagnosis of abdominal malignant tumors. Diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and related liver metastases, locoregional and distant recurrence, as well as therapy control of colorectal cancer, nodal and extranodal staging and therapy monitoring of malignant lymphoma, can be reliably performed with PET. Several appropriately labeled adrenergic transmitters are currently being developed for specific imaging of neuroendocrine tumors. Radiolabeled cytostatics such as F-18 5-FU will shortly be available for clinical use as probes for primary or secondary cytostatic resistance. Encouraging clinical results and attractive new imaging concepts promise increasing use and importance for PET for imaging of abdominal malignancies.
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The theoretical physicist Michio Kaku claims to have developed a theory that might point to the existence of God. The information has created a great stir in the scientific community because Kaku is considered one of the most important scientists of our times, one of the creators and developers of the revolutionary String Theory which is highly respected throughout the world.
To come to his conclusions, the physicist made use of what he calls “primitive semi – radius tachyons “.
Tachyons are theoretical particles capable to “unstick ” the Universe matter or vacuum space between matter particles, leaving everything free from the influences of the surrounding universe.
After conducting the tests, Kaku came to the conclusion that we live in a “Matrix”.
“I have concluded that we are in a world made by rules created by an intelligence”, he affirmed. “Believe me, everything that we call chance today won’t make sense anymore.”
Video: Proof That God Exists
“To me it is clear that we exists in a plan which is governed by rules that were created, shaped by a universal intelligence and not by chance.”
What do you think about this theory? Share your thoughts in the comments section below.
-Help ‘Inspire Act Achieve’ to raise the vibration and SHARE this article with your family and friends.
Source: | https://undergroundscience.net/mysteries/one-of-the-most-respected-scientists-of-today-claims-he-has-found-definitive-proof-that-god-exists/ |
Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: filler materials.
Over 700,000 osteoporotic compression fractures occur each year in the United States, twice the number of hip fractures. These vertebral fractures, most of which occur in the elderly, represent significant personal and societal burdens. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a minimally invasive method that involves the percutaneous injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into a collapsed vertebral body to stabilize the vertebra. Kyphoplasty is an advanced minimally invasive technique with a number of potential advantages over PVP, including lower risk of cement extravasation and better restoration of vertebral body height and spinal biomechanics. The filling materials used for both these techniques require good biocompatibility, good biomechanical strength and stiffness, and good radiopacity for the fluoroscopy guided procedures. New filler materials (synthetic bone substitutes, e.g., composite resin materials, calcium phosphate or calcium sulfate cements) in addition to new PMMA formulations are now available for clinical use. In this review paper, we will focus on the issues and characteristics of these filler materials as they pertain to vertebral augmentation procedures.
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Job Summary:
A Cardiac Rehabilitation Specialist utilizes professional and technical skills to provide care to patients in the Cardiac Rehabilitation program. The Specialist is able to coach and support patients through an exercise and education cardiac rehabilitation program in order to optimize patients’ physical, social and psychological function. The Specialist guides patients through the change process helping them to adopt healthier life-styles choices in order to lessen cardiovascular risk and chronic disease processes.
Qualifications:
- minimum of associates degree in Applied Science ( Respiratory Care Provider, Licensed Vocational Nurse or Registered Nurse)
- obtains and maintains American Heart Association BLS Healthcare Provider
- current ACLS required within 6 months of employment
- two or more years’ experience as a healthcare provider required
- commitment to a healthy lifestyle as a model for participants and staff
- Telemetry/ECG experience required
- knowledge of exercise physiology, nutrition, risk-factor modification strategies and counseling and education techniques to cardiovascular rehabilitation and secondary prevention services preferred
Application Instructions:
- Click on “Apply” below and fill out the online application.
- Save it to your desktop. Electronically sign, if possible.
- Click on “Upload” (at left), select application file, and submit.
Thank you for your interest in Guadalupe Regional Medical Center. | http://www.grmedcenter.com/careers-volunteering/career-opportunities/cardiac-rehab-specialist/ |
How Smart, Successful Women Make True Heart-Centered Connections
You’re a smart, successful woman who has it together on so many fronts except when it comes to dating. Why does dating have to be so tough? Because you keep going on dates and repeating the same patterns expecting things to be different.
The reason is so intrinsic that it’s keeping you from the relationship that you want. Within your sphere of influence are the relationships you hold dear, but, do you? You’re so busy with career and achievement to spend time cultivating relationships.
Expecting to be loved for the wrong reasons; acting like you’re not a fully-realized sexual being partly because of your shame, guilt and ambivalence surrounding sexuality and/or engaging in routine self-sabotage because of some facet of your identity causes you to miss out on potentially fulfilling dating opportunities.
What’s the remedy then?
1. Make meaningful connection to other human beings a priority.
Remember the famous Charles Dickens’ novella, A Christmas Carol, whose focal character, Ebenezer Scrooge, a cold-hearted miser who despises Christmas, is visited by the three spirits of Christmas: Past, Present and Yet-to-Come/Future? Upon the Yet-to-Come/Future spirit’s visit, Scrooge realizes that his life has been utterly devoid of real meaning because of a lack of real human connection.
I’m pretty sure that there aren’t a lot of Ebenezer Scrooges out and about. Many of us, though, do spend a disproportionate amount of our lives being busy, doing things that are seemingly more important than cultivating meaningful connections. And this has less to do with how we were raised than the choices we’re making right now.
It’s fully within your power to create these meaningful memories now so as to make your deathbed review quite pleasant. Just like you schedule your gym time, salon time and aimlessly-noodle-on-Facebook time, you can schedule in connection time. Make it a priority to make lasting memories with friends.
Specific to dating, make a concerted effort to get to know people well. Treat them as ends in themselves, not as a means to satisfy your own needs.
2. Make other people feel good around you.
This applies to your interactions with everyone - men and women. In the context of dating, as I’ve written numerous times, a man calls for a second and subsequent dates because of how a woman makes him FEEL - not how accomplished you are.
It may be that we have to foster a new skill. What does that skill look like?
The simplest of those is charm or, the ability to make someone else feel like a million bucks. It’s remarkably accessible to all of us. One simple way to be charming is to be complimentary. Not in a kiss-up way, but, genuinely appreciative. Notice people’s efforts, and praise them for it. Say ‘thank you’ in a tone that says you really mean it.
Shift from the mindset ‘they should like me for who I am’ to ‘how am I bringing more joy to the lives of those around me’ - as in service to others. Serve first instead of waiting to be served. The more service and compliments you give, the better you will feel which has been scientifically proven.
If you’re practicing an attitude of deep connection and service who’s going to resist? My work is about helping you realize that the solution isn’t out there - it’s right here with you. You can start doing these things right now.
You create your experiences.
The power is within you.
What experiences are you creating? Post a comment and I'll meet you there.
Tags: | https://www.datingwithgrace.me/single-post/2016/10/16/before-the-smart-savvy-womans-guide-to-a-heart-centered-cure-for-tough-dating |
In the case of A Porter v A Hospital ADJ-00027151 the employee argued that he had been unfairly dismissed on the grounds of gross misconduct. It was alleged by the employer that the employee had failed to keep in touch with his employer during an absence of 20 weeks, that he was in breach of the absence policy regarding medical certificates and his refusal to follow the advice of the Occupational Health Advisor and get treatment for his addictions.
Unfair Dismissal Act
The Adjudicator in this case looked at the key provision for unfair dismissal namely Section 6(1) of the Unfair Dismissals Act 1977 (“the Act”) which provides:
“Subject to the provisions of this section, the dismissal of an employee shall be deemed, for the purposes of this Act, to be an unfair dismissal, unless, having regard to all the circumstances, there were substantial grounds justifying the dismissal.”
It was also restated that the burden of proof rests with the respondent or employer to establish that there were substantial grounds justifying the dismissal of the complainant employee in this case.
One of the key questions for the Adjudicator to consider was whether the decision to dismiss the employee was in proportion to the conduct i.e. did the punishment fit the crime?. In essence the Adjudicator had to decide whether the decision of the hospital to dismiss the employee was the action of a reasonable employer.
The Adjudicator observed “…All contracts of employment are based on a simple premise that an employee will attend work regularly and carry out a specific job for an agreed wage. When an employee fails to attend work, an employer must give some consideration to the cause. A person suffering from a serious illness such as cancer may be out of work for six months or more, before they recover and can return to work. Similarly, an employee suffering from a psychiatric illness or an addiction is entitled to be treated with understanding and fairness, and to be facilitated with time off to get help and return to work and normal life”.
It was noted that the employee in this case had previously attended the hospital occupational health advisor who recommended that the employee attend a residential drug treatment programme but the complainant employee failed to attend stating that the only programme he could find was six months in duration. The WRC found this difficult to understand and noted “Even up to the day of the appeal hearing, the complainant provided no evidence that he had taken action to address his drug and alcohol problems or that he was capable of returning to work”.
The Hospital “Intoxicants Policy” in the staff handbook also provided “Alcohol and other drug addictions / substance abuse / addictions are recognised as diseases responsive to proper treatment and as such, staff suffering from such addictions will not be discriminated against on the basis of his / her illness in accordance with the terms of the Employment Equality Act 1998 – 2011. Staff who have an alcohol or drug problem must inform their line manager and will be offered assistance and given the opportunity to do something positive about their problems. Staff will be encouraged to avail of this option. However, should an staff (sic) fail to continue with treatment or respond to same, he / she may be subject to disciplinary action up to and including dismissal where appropriate.”
The hospital gave evidence that the complainant employee did not respond to any of the correspondence sent to him and the Adjudicator observed “…….it is my view that, if the complainant had responded to any of the four letters from the HR Department on July 15th, August 6th, 19th or 23rd, he could have got help to identify a treatment programme that was suitable to his needs. In the letters of August 19th and 23rd, he was clearly informed that if he did not contact the HR Manager, he would be dismissed. It was unacceptable for the complainant not to respond to any of the four letters and to ignore the efforts of his employer to contact him”
The employee had outlined a number of mitigating circumstances in his favour namely that (a) the sanction of dismissal was disproportionate (b) he had no previous disciplinary record (c) he was suffering from depression and (d) his partner was expecting a baby and they had lost their accommodation.
The Adjudicator noted “I have taken account of these mitigating circumstances. It is clear to me that the complainant was not dismissed because he has a drug and alcohol problem, but because he failed to engage with his employer over a period of 20 weeks and to get support and return to work. It is my view that, if he had cooperated with his employer from early on, or even from June 2019, when the OHC advised him to get treatment, he could have prevented his dismissal. While I accept that the domestic and health issues he had to deal with were stressful and challenging, one of the positive things in his life was his job. He was a member of SIPTU and had the support and resources of the union available to him, but it’s clear to me that he didn’t look for help from the union until he had made his situation irretrievable. On the day of the hearing of this complaint on August 19th 2020, I saw no evidence that the complainant had taken responsibility for his actions”.
The Adjudicator also felt it was a “very serious situation when an employee ignores a request of his or her employer to get in touch during a period of illness“ and referred to the case of Coughlan v DHL which sets a high bar before an employee can be dismissed without notice.
The complainant also submitted a number of grounds whereby he felt that the procedure in dismissing him was unfair however the Adjudicator observed that any procedural flaws in the disciplinary investigation and hearing were corrected by the subsequent appeal hearing. The Adjudicator also noted that the disciplinary investigation could have been placed on hold had the employee attended a meeting with the hospital to discuss his treatment. The Adjudicator found “...that, on the whole, the requirement for fairness and the principles of justice have not been compromised”
Findings
The Adjudicator concluded that “it is my view that the complainant’s absence in July and August 2019, his failure to send in medical certificates and his failure to respond to four letters from the HR Department asking him to contact them, was a reasonable cause for his dismissal. I find that the procedure that ended with his dismissal was not unfair”. | https://wdsolicitors.ie/unfair-dismissal-employee-loses-case-due-to-failure-to-contact-employer-during-sick-leave/ |
On behalf of our client, a reputable CySEC regulated Company with a strong financial performance, we seek to recruit a high caliber professional for the Compliance Officer position, to be based in Nicosia.
The Position
The successful candidate will report to the Executive Director and will be responsible for overseeing the Compliance Function, including AML compliance. Duties and responsibilities include, amongst other:
- Setting up and assessing the Compliance Monitoring Program
- Establishing, implementing and maintaining adequate Compliance and AML policies and procedures, to ensure that the company is in compliance with the CIF legislative framework
- Drafting procedures for cooperation with outsourced Service Providers
- Maintaining and monitoring Suspicion Reports provided by other departments
- Providing Compliance and AML training to employees
- Ensuring that the Board, senior management and employees conduct themselves in compliance with applicable rules and regulations and act according to the internal policies and procedures
- Acting as a channel of communication for clients, regulatory authorities and partners and other relevant third parties
- Responding to both internal and external compliance enquiries and advising accordingly
- Assessing the impact of forthcoming regulations issued on national, European and international level
- Preparing and submitting relevant reports to CySEC
- Managing ad-hoc projects that revolve around compliance issues
Requirements
- University Degree in Law, Economics, Business, Finance or any other related field
- Minimum 3 years of relevant experience
- Holder of CySEC Advanced Certification
- Excellent representation and communication skills
- Strong attention to detail
- Strong sense of professionalism and integrity
- Excellent command of the Greek and English languages, both verbal and written
- Excellent Computer literacy (Microsoft Office applications)
Remuneration
A competitive remuneration package will be offered to the successful candidate, according to qualifications and experience.
Applications
All applications will be treated with the strictest confidentiality. Interested applicants should forward their Curriculum Vitae to [email protected] no later than Friday the 26th of April 2019 quoting the associated job title.
Please note that only successful candidates will be contacted. | https://mgr-hr.com/job/compliance-officer-nicosia-mgr020419/ |
We all have our favourite partners. Usually, these are partners where we could spend a long time dancing with them, and still enjoy our time. Sometimes, we’re more than happy to ask and re-ask for dances throughout the night.
A re-ask (for the purposes of this article) is when you ask a person for a dance more than one time in a night. It doesn’t matter whether your first ask was accepted or declined; later asks are still re-asks.
Re-asks tend to be less of an issue if you and the other person have the same ‘threshold’ for number of dances in an evening. They tend to be more of an issue if you want to dance with the person a lot more in one evening than they wish to dance with you.
It’s almost impossible to know if someone is on the same page as you unless you’ve had a lot of previous experience with that person. In general, it is best to assume that the two of you have a different threshold – unless past experiences have proven otherwise.
When you both enjoy the same amount of dances
When you and that person both enjoy the same amount of dances with each other, things tend to work perfectly. Essentially, both of you are on-board with how many dances you can have together before wanting to move to other partners. It also means you’re generally on the same page when it comes to re-asks.
For example, both of you may tire of each other around the 4-song mark every time you dance, and you may be up for a maximum of 3 rounds in the night. Or, it could be a person you are happy to dance 10 songs with – but only one time.
Most frequently and in most genres**, most partners are happy to dance 1-2 songs 1-2 times per night with any given partner. More than this tends to only be reserved for dances that are ‘favourites’.
**Disclaimer: Tango and Kizomba for sure have different rules on this. I’m not sure about some other dances, like blues.**
At this point, partners don’t generally need to spend too much time thinking about re-asks. Since they’re on the same page, they tend not to frustrate each other with re-asks. Very often, there’s eye contact and some sort of ‘wanna go again?’ body language going on.
When you don’t both enjoy the same amount of dances
The ‘we like the same amount of dances’ rule is great – when it happens. Sometimes, partners have a different ‘threshold’ for how many dances they can have with the other person before they want to move to another partner. For example, one partner may want to dance 5x a night for multiple songs with a person – while the other one is comfortable dancing 2 songs 1 time.
It’s a common misconception that the person who wants fewer dances is more advanced, while the person who wants more dances is less advanced. There are several other reasons that this imbalance can occur:
- One partner isn’t a fan of how the other leads/follows – regardless of level
- One person may prefer a higher/lower energy partner
- One partner may not mesh with the type of movements the other is doing
Very often, the personal relationship, relationship status, other favourite partners, and just personal temperament may also influence the number of dances one wants to have with a particular partner.
When you want to re-ask a partner who may have a different threshold, body language and respect for boundaries is very important. Like everything else in dance, the less-comfortable partner sets the boundaries. This means that the person who wants to dance fewer songs gets to make the decision.
When you re-ask
It is important to remember that each re-ask gives a higher chance of being declined for a dance.
When you ask someone to dance the first time in an evening, you never run the risk of them being ‘overloaded’ with dances by you. Basically, it’s a clean slate. They still may say ‘no’, but it’s not because you’ve already danced and they’re ready for a different partner.
After that first dance, each re-ask is more likely to get a ‘no’, or a ‘yes’ out of pressure or obligation. This is because each re-ask increases the likelihood that they have reached their max. number of dances with you for the evening.
There are a few useful rules to generally adhere to when it comes to ‘re-asking’:
- Say ‘I’d love to dance again later!’ at the end of your first dance.
When you say something along these lines at the end of your first dance session, it opens an opportunity for them to agree that they’d like more. If they say “Yes! Come find me!” it’s a good indication that a re-ask will be welcome. If they just say maybe, thank you, or just smile, they’re probably at their limit. This type of sentence also opens the door for them to ask *you* later in the evening.
- Make eye contact first
When you make eye contact before re-asking, it gives you a good idea if it will be a welcome ask. If they maintain eye contact or smile, they’re probably into it. If they avoid eye contact, act disinterested, or move away, it’s probably their limit for the evening.
- Take ‘No’ as ‘No, for the evening’
Guest writer Trevor Copp wrote about something similar he does regarding all requests to dance – but it’s especially useful in re-asks. Basically, if someone turns down your re-ask, leave it for the night. Chances are, the person isn’t eager to get on the floor with you more in that same evening. Even if they say they’re taking a break, leave it for the night. Ask them again the next time.
If they want to dance again that night, they’ll find you.
- Stop while they’re still saying ‘Yes’
If it’s someone who likes you as a person or as a dancer, chances are they’ll say ‘yes’ a few times past their ideal limit. This is because they still want you to know that they enjoy your dancing and company. However, each time they say ‘yes’ past their limit is likely to cause mixed feelings and awkwardness. It may also cause them to burn out of their enthusiasm for your dances.
A good way to counteract this is to switch back and forth on the asking. If you have already asked twice, leave it until they ask for another one. If they don’t, occupy yourself with other partners for the evening.
“But I really want to dance with them more!”
I know. There’s people I really want to dance with more, and never get the chance. It’s just the way things are. But, your desire to dance does not trump their desire to not dance. In order to make any future dances between you awesome, it’s important to give them the space to actually *treasure* your dances together – rather than shy away from yet another ask.
Basically, if you are constantly over-asking, you can actually damage your long-term dance relationship. If you under-ask a little, you preserve the constant desire to ‘get’ dances with each other.
Think of it like chocolate: If someone gives you a truffle, it’s fantastic. If they give you a whole box of truffles and expect to watch you eat each one, it’s not so fantastic – it’s overkill, and may even stop you from liking more truffles in the short-term future.
Instead of spending time focusing on the dances you didn’t get, put your focus somewhere else. Find someone else to dance with. Have a conversation with the person, instead of asking them to dance. There are other ways to connect besides only dancing.
Finding a great dance partner is fantastic. If you keep control of re-asks, you can enjoy a long dance relationship that is always a treasure.
Remember: it’s always best to err on the side of fewer dances! | https://danceplace.com/grapevine/how-many-times-should-you-ask-for-a-dance/?replytocom=809 |
If you have contracted COVID-19, please let us know. We are concerned about your health and would want to know if you are unwell. We will also need to let our community know if they have been potentially exposed.
COVID Studio Policy
Updated 22 October 2021
Starting Friday 29 October, Dance Central classes will be moving back to our studios!
Any students feeling unwell must stay home and not attend class
- Absences in term 3 are not eligible for make-up classes.
- Absences in term 4 are eligible for make-up classes.
- Parents must email absences to [email protected] on behalf of students under the age of 18 years.
- Your teacher will be informed of the absence (via Dance Biz class roll) and reception team will facilitate make-up class.
Mask Wearing
Masks must be worn at all times by people over the age of 12 at Dance Central. Masks are permitted to be removed when the students are participating in high caliber activity and teachers will advise students if they can remove their masks during class only.
Checking In
QR codes are placed at the entrance to Dance Central and inside the studios. Everyone who visits Dance Central must check in upon arrival to the studio. Staff will be monitoring check ins.
Physical Reception Hours
Term 4: Normal hours
We ask families to minimise the need for face to face service as we have a limited number of people allowed in the building and staff will need to be inside to operate the business.
- If you have questions, please email [email protected]
- If you would like to speak with a team member, call the office mobile: 0433 111 800
- If you would like to pay an invoice, please pay via the link located on your invoice or call DC during reception hours to pay over the phone. Dance Central has absorbed the online payment surcharge to assist families with paying online without incurring extra fees.
DC spaces listed with maximum number of people allowed per designated area: Each area in the studio is labelled.
|Front office/reception area||8 people|
|Waiting room||5 people|
|Kitchen||1 person|
|Upstairs hallway||4 people|
|Back office||2 people|
|Studio 1||37 students (after limit of 20 per room eases)|
|Studio 2||21 students (after limit of 20 per room eases)|
|Studio 3||16 students|
|Studio 4||15 students|
|Studio 5||33 students (after limit of 20 per room eases)|
|Studio 6||33 student (after limit of 20 per room eases)|
Drop Off and Pick Up
Students arrive no more than 5 minutes before classes and leave within 5 minutes of class finishing. Students can’t wait at DC between classes and must be collected by guardians.
Dance Central will have labelled areas outside the studio window frontage from 1 to 6 representing each studio. This is where we ask students to wait for their teacher to collect them and take them into class.
Only students are to enter the building. All parents will need to drop and go or stay in their cars.
Classes will finish 5 minutes early to allow enough time for students to exit their classrooms and clear common areas before the next class can enter their studio. This is to minimise students crossing paths.
Teachers will promptly walk their class out of their studio to their holding area for their next class or pick-up area for parents to collect their child.
Teachers will collect their classes from the holding area to walk them in.
Hygiene
Students are to arrive to class in their dance attire and avoid changing at the studio if it can be helped.
Students must sanitise hands upon entry and exit of the studio. Sanitising stations are available at the entry of each studio and at the entry in reception.
Students are to keep all their belongings with them at all times. Students will be asked to place their belongings on the shelves in the studio so they do not create a trip hazard.
We ask students to minimise eating at DC if it can be helped. If students need to eat we ask they practise excellent hygiene.
We will minimise the use of extra equipment to minimise contact. However, Dance Central uses rinse free sanitiser (RFS) to spray all equipment and surfaces to ensure sanitation of is kept throughout the building.
Dance Central employs a professional cleaning company who are also certified COVID-19 deep cleaners.
Physical Distancing
Maintain 1.5m physical distance from each other, in and out of class. That means no hugging, high-fiving or other forms of physical contact within the studios.
Partner work will be permitted but will be minimalised.
Contact Details
Please ensure that all contact details are correct and up to date. We may need to contact you. If you are unsure if your details are up to date, or you would like to change your details
Dance Central & Blueberries
- Head to our website, and click the ‘Log in or Register’ button on the homepage. This will take you to our customer portal, where you will need to enter your email and password. On the drop down bar on the left hand side of the page, select ‘My Account’, then ‘My Details’. Then simply make any necessary edits, and click ‘Save’ before exiting the form.
DC Fit
- Mindbody App: Log in to your Mindbody app and go to your profile on the bottom right-hand corner. Click on the Avatar next to your name and select ‘Edit’. You can then make any necessary changes before clicking ‘Done’.
- DC Website: Head to the DC Fit Timetable page. On the top right-hand corner of the timetable, select ‘My Account’. You can then make any necessary changes before clicking ‘Save’.
Bookings
All customers; DC, DC Fit and Blueberries students must be booked into a class before arriving at Dance Central. It is more important now than ever that our rolls are correct and we know exactly who is in the studio and continue to manage the number of people in our premises
Zoom Classes
In the event a COVID-19 positive person attends Dance Central, all classes will be conducted through Zoom until the studio has undergone extensive COVID-19 deep cleaning. | https://dance-central.com.au/about/dc-terms-and-policies/covid-19-action-plan/ |
As a public health professional, I am embarrassed by the manner in which the country has responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. The failure to mesh science with humanities to forge enlightened policy and action has been deplorable.
I largely have remained silent, but the recent death of E.O. Wilson spurred a comment. Wilson was an outstanding biologist, naturalist and author, recipient of several top prizes and recognition in all these fields, referred to by many as the modern-day Darwin.
Wilson’s study, largely of ant communities, through biologic and social lenses, led to brilliant observations of how civilizations function, incorporating the knowledge gathered from far different scientific and humanistic disciplines. The process is consilience, the unity of knowledge.
Genetics, chemistry, biology, history, economics and other disciplines are meshed to uncover the likely behavior of diverse species as they exist, new knowledge is discovered and change is potentially introduced. Much conflict, warfare, resistance and waste could have been avoided if scientific experts, politicians and others had embraced Wilson’s wisdom in the response to COVID.
In the past month or so, many scientists and politicians have begun to understand and acknowledge principles Wilson described regarding human civilizations, reducing or modifying mandates thrust upon them. Wilson’s cornucopia theory of the historical progress of human civilizations adroitly demonstrates that communities adopt proposed scientific change and mandates slowly.
The caution and slow pace are not necessarily because of scientific ignorance or ingrained inertia to change but concern over retaining civil harmony, unity and productivity reached over many years, often described by nonscientific disciplines. Fear of loss is real, and forcing certain “scientific” behaviors upon populations must be exercised cautiously and incrementally. Success will take time but will occur.
In the COVID-19 situation, the process was further hindered by the fact that there were different opinions within the scientific community regarding the most prudent scientific approaches, as well as several action reversals. Although this is not unusual within the scientific sector, it results in communities being even more cautious and reluctant to change.
Hopefully, we will soon wind down this pandemic and slowly incorporate the lessons, both scientific and humanistic, we have learned and use the “unity of knowledge” to guide the response to the next threat. | |
The major purpose of the project was to excavate, put together and compare various texts crucial for a range of European national traditions of political and social thought, which had been left out of the `core` European canon since the age of the Enlightenment. It sought to `put on the map` intellectual traditions of those `small nations` which were in many ways sn important part of the European circulation of ideas, but whose 19th and 20th century history of political and social thought remained outside of the mainstream of scholarly thematization.
Underlying this `applied` undertaking was a complex and pioneering research agenda. It set forth to work out a methodological know-how, particularly criteria of selecting, structuring and presenting the most emblematic writings of (a cluster of) `marginalized` national traditions of social and political thinking. The ultimate ambition is to help fill in significant gaps in the European intellectual history of the last two centuries. In pursuit of this double purpose, the research was conducted in a longue duree, cross-national and cross-regional comparative perspective of (i) the intellectual transformations in Europe (such as fundamental shifts of political and social paradigms, languages and concepts), and (ii) the interconnections between European political cultures. This strategic design can be seen as anticipating a far-reaching research design on Political and Social Thought in the `Other Europe` in 18th - 20th centuries. The far-reaching aim is to create a book series intended to reshape the `European canon` of political thought, making the `local knowledges` of these cultures accessible to the broader international public and creating a more encompassing vision of what constitutes the European cultural-political heritage. The `We, the People` project does not undertake outright such a grandiose enterprise. Instead, it aims to establish a methodological and structural framework for the future endeavours in this direction by proposing to focus on a particular yet critical subject area: exploring the political instrumentalization of the concepts of `folk`, `people` and `ethnos` in the `Europe of small nations` during the 19th and 20th centuries. The purpose is to `map the discursive and institutional itineraries through which this set of notions became a focal point of cultural and political thought in various European contexts, coincidental with the emergence of political modernity. Hence the concrete aim of the project was the compilation and publication of several thematically defined volumes. They will incorporate the most representative texts/figures in selected local (national or regional) traditions of political and social thought centering on the various ways in which the references to `folk culture`, ethnicity and the `people` at large were politically instrumentalized. These volumes will provide a diachronic view to this overarching theme covering two, otherwise intertwining, pivotal moments in the development of modern Europe: the period of `National Romanticism` and the `Anti-Modernist` challenge which had emerged during the period between the two World Wars.
This collecting work is embedded into intensive negotiations over methodology and interpretation. It also implies compound preoccupation with both texts and contexts. For, in order to accomplish its task successfully, the project is supposed to establish not only an `alternative corpus` of key texts problematizing our common assumptions about the intellectual outlook of the 19th and 20th centuries - an outlook largely based on the `canonised` authors from Great Britain, Germany, France and Italy. It would also require the elaboration of a new comparative methodology which is taking into account the common European `pool of ideas` and typological similarities, but also allows for a context-sensitive reconstruction of the various ways of domestication, adaptation and subversion. The analytical part of the individual and collective research is intended to contextualize the established common traits and local peculiarities in view of institutional practices, which can shed light on the actual trajectories of ideas. The joint research thus turns into an unprecedented cooperative venture of studying the transmission of knowledge and the thematization of sciences from a comparative perspective. This means the studying of the dissemination of scholarly paradigms and the patterns of institutional interaction, and identifying the agents of cultural transfer.
The successful completion of this project, we believe, would make possible the initiation of a broader multi-volume project, comprising a variety of themes and periods, with the intention of reconsidering European intellectual history from the Enlightenment onwards.
The `We, the People` research scheme in its full territorial scope incorporates, in addition to Southeast Europe, also Scandinavia and the Low Countries. The fellowship programme (October 2004-December 2005), was the module that focused on the traditions of Southeast Europe alone. Another module included a series of workshops (2004-2006) with participants from all three regions. The modules are considered as a preparatory stage of a long-term coordinated research incorporating national traditions from the three regions – Eastern Europe, the Nordic and the Low Countries (see CAS project "Regimes of Historicity and Discourses of Modernity and Identity, 1900-1945, IN EAST-CENTRAL, SOUTHEASTERN AND NORTHERN EUROPE" (2007-2010). | https://cas.bg/en/cas-finalized-programmes/we-the-people-visions-of-national-peculiarity-and-political-modernities-in-the-europe-of-small-nations-29.html |
Ohio's Peregrine Nesting Season Concludes
COLUMBUS, OH –-(AmmoLand.com)- Biologists with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) Division of Wildlife estimate 64 young peregrine falcons fledged from 19 successful nests across the state this year. In 2008, 65 peregrine falcon chicks fledged from 21 nests. Biologists were able to band 59 of these young falcons from 18 successful nest sites during 2009; limited access at some nest sites prevented all young from being banded.
“While not a record-setting year for falcons, 2009 was still a very good year for peregrines around the Buckeye State,” said Dave Scott, peregrine falcon project coordinator for the ODNR Division of Wildlife. “We continue to see pairs show up at new sites, which will help the population grow in future years.”
In all, 28 territorial pairs of peregrine falcons were monitored around Ohio in 2009. Eggs were produced at a minimum of 24 sites. Eggs were not seen at two sites, but were confirmed by the extended incubation behavior of the adults.
Five of the six falcon pairs in Cleveland, along with two pairs in Toledo and individual pairs in Aberdeen, Akron, Boston (northern Summit County), Canton, Cincinnati, Columbus, Dayton, Eastlake, Ironton, Lima, Oregon (Lucas County) and Youngstown produced between two and five young per nest. Nests located in Cleveland, the village of Cleves (Hamilton County), Lakewood, Shaker Heights (Cuyahoga County) and Wrightsville (Adams County) failed this season. Two new pairs were monitored briefly this year but did not nest; one pair was at the Ohio Stadium area of The Ohio State University (Franklin County) and the other was on a water tower in Warren (Trumbull County).
“After the nesting season and prior to migration, Ohio's peregrine falcon population is estimated to reach 110 to 130 birds,” Scott added.
Included in that number are individual falcons that have been spotted in other areas of the state. These birds, as well as the territorial pairs that did not nest this season, could return next year to establish territories and perhaps successful nests. Migratory movements will start in late summer and early fall. While some Ohio falcons stick around all year, other falcons from Ohio probably spend their winters in the southern United States and Central America.
Anyone interested in following peregrine falcon activity in Ohio can view the latest updates online at wildohio.com. The peregrine falcon page features information on the bird's history, nest status, and links to cameras that record activity at several of the nest locations across Ohio each spring.
In 1989, wildlife experts with ODNR initiated a program to establish peregrine falcons in Ohio. For more than a decade, peregrines have successfully nested in Akron, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton and Toledo.
Ohio's peregrine falcon management program is funded by donations to the Endangered Species and Wildlife Diversity Fund and sales of the cardinal license plate. Donations may be made to the ODNR Division of Wildlife, 2045 Morse Road, G-1, Columbus, OH 43229-6693, or by marking the check-off contribution box on the Ohio Income Tax form. Cardinal plates can be purchased at a local deputy registrar or by calling 1-800-PLATES-3. Additional funding is provided, in part, through matching funds from the United States Fish & Wildlife Service State Wildlife Grants Program that benefits species of greatest conservation need.
About:
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources ensures a balance between wise use and protection of our natural resources for the benefit of all. Visit the ODNR web site at www.ohiodnr.com. | https://www.ammoland.com/2009/08/ohios-peregrine-nesting-season-concludes/ |
View clinical trials related to Breast Cancer.Filter by:
Observational study about patients treated for a metastasis breast cancer who live far from their comprehensive cancer center and followed by telemedicine, connected wtaches and patient-reported symptom monitoring.
The purpose of this study is to find out if using probiotics will help the body's immune system react to breast cancer. New studies showed that diverse species of bacteria inside the bowel might help improve immune system, particularly the ability of immune system to recognize cancer. This study will investigate how probiotics will affect the subjects' immune system on breast cancer.
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide . 5 years after diagnosis, up to 87% survives. A substantial group of these survivors report reduced physical, psycho social and cognitive functioning. Therefore, it is increasingly important to screen for distress, both during and after treatment. The Distress Barometer (DB) is a valid, short screening instrument, used to detect elevated levels of distress in patients with cancer. It can be used either in a self-report questionnaire or in an interview format. Although the DB is used in different ways, it remains unclear whether both assessment methods would generate similar results, and which format is most suitable to represent the actual level of distress. Existing literature on the DB lacks a systematic description of the relationship between the method of assessment and the patients' responses. This study questions whether the written and interview variants of the DB reveal different results in the same patients with breast cancer.
Trial assessing the prognostic value of ctDNA mutations from samples taken sequentially in patients with invasive breast cancer initially treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and whose tumor is not in complete histological response.
The study has a phase Ib and a phase II part. - The phase Ib aims to evaluate the safety and tolerability of durvalumab in combination with a dose- dense EC regimen in a neoadjuvant setting for early breast cancer. - The phase II aims to explore the efficacy of durvalumab in combination with a dose-dense EC regimen in a neoadjuvant setting for early breast cancer.
To investigate the regression model of positive nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) by injecting and tracing carbon nanoparticles (CNs) in fusion node prior to NAC in patients with breast cancer.
Up to one hundred (100) female patients will be enrolled and consented to participate in the study. These women will be enrolled from screening assigned BIRADS 0, patient complaint, or referral for second opinion. The enrolled patient will accept CE-CBBCT scans within 4 weeks of her diagnostic mammography and before breast biopsy if biopsy is needed. The final diagnostic workup outcome of these enrolled patients needs to include at least 30 confirmed cancers cases.
The purpose of this study is to compare using bupivacaine (a numbing medicine) along with the usual medications for post-operative pain control to using the usual medications for post-operative pain control alone. The addition of bupivacaine to the usual pain medications could better manage pain immediately after surgery. This study will allow the researchers to know whether this different approach is better, the same, or worse than the usual approach.
The goal of this project is to test the effects of the Patient Preference Scale as the basis for a clinical intervention for role negotiation in breast cancer surgery decisions and the Patient Perception Scale to measure role concordance. The investigators hypothesize that better role concordance will be achieved with a simple provider-based intervention. In the first half of the study, providers will be blind to the patient's preferred role. In the second half, providers will be made aware of the preferred role prior to the encounter and will have a brief conversation with the patient about their desired role in the decision making process.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has become the standard therapy for both locally advanced and early-stage breast cancer in recent years for the improvement breast conserving surgery rate and the evaluation of treatment response in vivo. Pathological complete response (pCR) is an independent prognostic factor irrespective of breast cancer intrinsic subtypes after NAC. The trial is designed to compare effectiveness between anthracycline and/or taxane as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable advanced breast cancer in different molecular typing. In this trial the investigators will randomly assign 200 primary breast cancer patients to receive six cycles of fluorourcil, epirubicin,and cyclophosphamide(FEC), or four cycles of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (EC) followed by four cycles of docetaxel(T), or six cycles of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC). Trasuzumab was recommended combining docetaxel to patients if HER-2 positive.The effectiveness of therapy will be estimated after every two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Surgery will be performed after completing designated full cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoint is to assess pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0/is ypN0) rate in different regiments. The secondary endpoint is to assess the relationship between pCR rate with molecular typing in different regiments, so that the investigators could optimize neoadjuvant chemotherapy regiment according to molecular typing. | http://inclinicaltrials.com/breast-cancer/?page=2 |
'' But at earlier times, the carbon dates were substantially younger than the dates we estimated by uranium-thorium analysis,'' he said.
'' The largest deviation, 3,500 years, was obtained for samples that are about 20,000 years old.'' One reason the group believes the uranium-thorium estimates to be more accurate than carbon dating is that they produce better matches between known changes in the Earth's orbit and changes in global glaciation. Fairbanks, a member of the Lamont-Doherty group, said that if the dates of glaciation were determined using the uranium-thorium method, the delay - and the puzzle - disappeared.
But that assumes that the amount of carbon-14 in the atmosphere was constant — any variation would speed up or slow down the clock.
The clock was initially calibrated by dating objects of known age such as Egyptian mummies and bread from Pompeii; work that won Willard Libby the 1960 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Y., reported today in the British journal Nature that some estimates of age based on carbon analyses were wrong by as much as 3,500 years.Carbon dating is used to work out the age of organic material — in effect, any living thing.The technique hinges on carbon-14, a radioactive isotope of the element that, unlike other more stable forms of carbon, decays away at a steady rate.Uranium 234, a radioactive element present in the environment, slowly decays to form thorium 230.
Using a mass spectrometer, an instrument that accelerates streams of atoms and uses magnets to sort them out according to mass and electric charge, the group has learned to measure the ratio of uranium to thorium very precisely.Carbon 14 is thought to be mainly a product of bombardment of the atmosphere by cosmic rays, so cosmic ray intensity would affect the amount of carbon 14 in the environment at any given time. | https://pohohochem.ru/radiocarbon-dating-disproved-481.html |
Description:For Shaw (agricultural economics, Texas A&M U.), economics lays at the heart of most issues of water allocation and water conflict. In this work he provides an economist's view of a range of topics related to human uses of water. After an introduction to water resources, water resource economics, and law; he presents chapter on the application of basic microeconomics to water resources, water quality issues, water prices and rates for residential use, water agriculture, uncertainty and risk in supply and demand of water resources, groundwater, environmental and recreational values of in situ uses of water, floods and droughts and the role of dams, water issues outside the US, and suggestions for future research. | https://pdf-drive.com/water-resource-economics-and-policy-an-introduction-1st-edition9781843769170-1843769174/ |
The International Association for the Study of Dreams (IASD) is committed to promoting an environment that supports every person in an atmosphere of mutual respect, cooperation, professionalism, and fairness. Realization of this commitment requires awareness and active participation by every member of our community.
IASD holds the following values to be important to its mission, and asks that those participating in IASD events as a presenter or attendee, strive to honor and help create an atmosphere supportive of these values:
Receptivity: An open, respectful exchange of ideas, including cultural, scientific, and arts-based investigations into dreams and dreaming.
Diversity: A constructive educational environment for participants at conferences and other activities, that welcomes the multiplicity of different approaches to dream studies, and strives to create an open, inclusive atmosphere of mutual respect. | https://www.asdreams.org/iasd-principles-of-community/ |
In 2015, greenhouse gas emissions in Massachusetts were 19.2 percent below emissions in 1990, according to newly updated inventory data.
The Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs data, released on Thursday afternoon, also includes preliminary data for 2016 predicting reductions of 20.8 percent below 1990 levels.
"The updated inventory utilizes an approach consistent with that taken by the U.S. (Environmental Protection Agency) and other states and countries, and reflects progress to implement greenhouse gas reduction strategies under the Global Warming Solutions Act," the Department of Environmental Protection wrote in an email to stakeholders.
"Fluctuations in emissions can be attributed to weather, including the historically cold and snowy winter the Commonwealth endured in 2015 which increased usage of carbon-intensive energy generation," the department said. "Additional variations can be attributed to market forces and increases in transportation sector emissions."
Massachusetts is chipping away at emissions through measures included in its Global Warming Solutions Act and clean energy laws approved in 2016 and 2018, as well as through emissions reductions being achieved through the multi-state Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. Efforts are also underway to promote the use of zero-emission vehicles and more broadly tackle the problem of emissions generated in the transportation sector and by building and facility systems.
State officials are developing a long-range comprehensive study outlining strategies to achieve 80 percent reductions by 2050, a study that the executive branch says will feature a "rigorous sector by sector analysis of plausible pathways for Massachusetts to meet the 2050 emissions limit while continuing to grow the economy and meet the overall needs of society."
The pace of emissions reductions continues to generate contentious debate on and off Beacon Hill, where lawmakers are weighing environmental benefits with concerns over energy reliability and affordability. | https://www.masslive.com/news/2018/08/massachusetts_emissions_192_be.html |
---
abstract: 'Complex systems often exhibit unexpected faults that are difficult to handle. Such systems are desirable to be diagnosable, i.e. faults can be automatically detected as they occur (or shortly afterwards), enabling the system to handle the fault or recover. A system is diagnosable if it is possible to detect every fault, in a finite time after they occurred, by only observing the available information from the system. Complex systems are usually built from simpler components running concurrently. We study how to infer the diagnosability property of a complex system (distributed and with multiple faults) from a parallelized analysis of the diagnosability of each of its components synchronizing with fault free versions of the others. In this paper we make the following contributions: (1) we address the diagnosability problem of concurrent systems with arbitrary faults occurring freely in each component. (2) We distribute the diagnosability analysis and illustrate our approach with examples. Moreover, (3) we present a prototype tool that implements our techniques showing promising results.'
author:
- Hernán Ponce de León$^1$
- Gonzalo Bonigo$^2$
- |
Laura Brandán Briones$^{2,3}$\
$^1$INRIA and LSV, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan and CNRS, France\
$^2$Fa.M.A.F. - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina\
$^3$CONICET\
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
bibliography:
- 'diagnosis.bib'
title: |
Distributed Analysis for Diagnosability\
in Concurrent Systems [^1]
---
Introduction
============
As systems become larger, their behavior becomes more complex. Several things may go wrong, resulting in faults occurring. It is then crucially important to design our systems in a way that we can detect or recover from such faults when they occur. A system is diagnosable when its design allows the detection of faults, for instance a system that has sensors specially dedicated to detect them. Sometimes the detection of faults is more involved and the diagnosability property is harder to establish, specially in systems with several components.
A sound software engineering rule for building complex systems is to divide the whole system in smaller and simpler components, each solving a specific task. Moreover, usually they are built by different groups of people and may be in different places. This means that, in general, complex systems are actually collections of simpler components running in parallel.
In order to model such systems and formally prove results, there are several formalisms like Finite State Machines (FSMs) [@Sampath1995; @twin], Petri Nets [@GencL03; @agnesPetri] and Labeled Transition Systems (LTSs) [@laura; @agnes; @gonza]. In this paper, we model each component by a LTS, so the whole system is a collection of LTSs synchronizing in all their shared observable actions (see Section \[sec:DDES\]).
In the diagnosability analysis of distributed systems it is usually assumed that a fault can occur in exactly one of the different components. We relax this assumption allowing the same fault to occur in several components.
Also, the diagnosability analysis is usually iterative (i.e., sequential): the information from local diagnosers is combined until a global verdict is reached. We propose a method to distribute this analysis.
Finally, we developed a tool that implements all our research. The DADDY tool (Distributed Analysis for Distributed Discrete sYstems) [@daddy] is a prototype based on the results presented in [@gonza] and this paper. The tool does not only implement the method we presents but also the classic one allowing us to compare both approaches. We present a comparative analysis of their performance obtained from the experimental running of several examples.
#### Related Work
Diagnosability was initially developed in [@Sampath1995] under the setting of discrete event systems. In that paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for testing diagnosability are given. In order to test diagnosability, a special diagnoser is computed, whose complexity of construction is shown to be exponential in the number of states of the original system, and double exponential in the number of faults. Later, in [@twin], an improvement of this algorithm is presented, where the so-called twin plant method is introduced and shown to have polynomial complexity in the number of states and faults. Afterwards, in [@Schumann07scalablediagnosability], an improvement to the twin plant method is presented where the system is reduced before building the twin plant.
None of the methods presented there (i.e., [@Sampath1995; @twin]) consider the problem when the system is composed of components working in parallel. An approach to this consideration is addressed in [@Schumann07scalablediagnosability; @Debouk_acoordinated; @distributeddiag; @SchumannH08] where the diagnosability problem is performed by either local diagnosers or twin plants communicating with each other, directly or through a coordinator, and by that means pooling together the observations. [@YeDagueValid] shows that when considering only local observations, diagnosability becomes undecidable when the communication between component is unobservable. An algorithm is proposed to check a sufficient but not necessary condition of diagnosability. However, their results are based in the assumption that a fault can only occur in one of the components, an assumption that can not always be made.
Several mechanisms such as interleaving, shared variables and handshaking have been described in [@0020348] to provide operational models for distributed systems. In the handshaking method, the communication is made by the synchronization on actions or events. These actions must be specified a priori in the model, so the different components can be synchronized at execution time. In [@gonza] the authors study how different kinds of synchronizations (via all the shared actions, some of them or none) impact in the diagnosis analysis.
#### Motivation
Suppose different groups of people are commanded to build different components of a system. Even if each component is diagnosable, it is not always the case that the resulting system has such property[^2]. In [@gonza] the authors show that with different kinds of synchronizations, the diagnosability of the global system can not be inferred directly from the diagnosability of each component.
We propose a framework where each component only shares with the rest a fault free version of its own, maybe the specification of its ideal behavior. Then, each component should not only be diagnosable, but also its interaction with the fault free version of the others, i.e. its synchronous product with fault free version of the other components. Therefore, our diagnosability analysis can be distributed.
#### Paper organization
Section \[sec:DDES\] presents the formal model that we use for modeling each component, the parallel composition between them and the notion of diagnosability. In Section \[sec:DDA\], we develop our analysis method, showing how the diagnosability of each component synchronizing with fault free versions of the other components influences the diagnosability property of the overall system. Section \[sec:daddy\] presents our tool DADDY and some experimental results. We conclude and discuss about future work in Section \[sec:CFW\].
Diagnosability Analysis {#sec:DDES}
=======================
Model of the system
-------------------
We consider a distributed system composed of two autonomous components $G_1, G_2$ that communicate with each other by all their shared observable actions. The local model of a component is defined as a Labeled Transition System.
\[LTS\] A Labeled Transition System (LTS) is a tuple $G = (Q, \Sigma, \delta, q_0)$ where
- $Q$ is a finite set of states,
- $\Sigma$ is a finite set of actions,
- $\delta$ is a partial transition function, and
- $q_0$ the initial state, with $q_0 \in Q$.
As usual in diagnosability analysis, some of the actions of $\Sigma$ are observable while the rest are unobservable. Thus the set of actions $\Sigma$ is partitioned as $\Sigma = \Sigma_o \uplus \Sigma_{uo}$ where $\Sigma_o$ represents the observable actions and $\Sigma_{uo}$ the unobservable ones.
The faults to diagnose are considered unobservable, i.e. $\Sigma_F \subseteq \Sigma_{uo}$, as faults that are observable can be easily diagnosable.
As usual in diagnosability analysis, we made the following assumptions about our systems.
We only consider (live) systems where there is a transition defined at each state, i.e. the system cannot reach a point at which no action is possible.
The system does not contain cycles of unobservable actions.
Note that, these assumptions together assure that all our systems are free of observation starvation.
\[Figure1\]
Figure \[fig:lts\] shows four components modeled by the LTSs $A,B,C$ and $D$ where $o_1,o_2,o_3,o_4,o_5 \in \Sigma_o$ and $u_1,u_2,u_3 \in \Sigma_{uo}$. The special action $f \in \Sigma_F$ is the fault to be diagnosable.
A path from state $q_i$ to state $q_j$ in $G$ is a sequence $q_i \cdot a_i \cdot q_{i+1} \dots a_{j-1} \cdot q_j$ such that $(q_k, a_k, q_{k+1}) \in \delta$ for $i \leq k \leq j-1$. The set of paths in $G$ is denoted by $\paths G$.
The trace associated with any given path consists of its sequence of actions (i.e., for a path $\rho = q_0 \cdot a_0 \cdot q_1 \dots a_{n-1} \cdot q_n$ we have $\trace \rho = a_0 \cdot a_1 \dots a_n$). Given a trace, $\sigma = a_0 \cdot a_1 \dots a_n$, we denote as $f \in \sigma$ when there exists $i$ such that $f = a_i$. As our systems are live, we only consider infinity traces where the infinite repetition of an actions $a$ is denoted by $\widehat{a}$. The set of all traces starting in $q_0$ is denoted by $\traces G$. As we consider nondeterministic systems, the same trace can belong to several paths. The set of possible paths of a trace $\sigma$ in $G$ are: $\camino \sigma = \{ \rho \in \paths G \mid \trace \rho = \sigma \}$.
The observation of a trace is given by the following definition.
\[def:obs\] Let $\sigma \in \Sigma^*$, then $$\begin{aligned}
obs(\sigma) & = &
\left \{
\begin{array}{l l l}
\epsilon & \text{if } \sigma = \epsilon \\
a\!\cdot\! obs(\sigma') & \text{if } \sigma = a\!\cdot\!\sigma' \land a\!\in\!\Sigma_o \\
obs(\sigma') & \text{if } \sigma = a\!\cdot\!\sigma' \land a\!\not \in\!\Sigma_o \\
\end{array}
\right.\end{aligned}$$
The communication between two components is given by their synchronous product where the synchronizing actions are all the shared observable ones.
\[def\_synchronization\] Given two local components $G_1 = (Q^1, \Sigma^1, \delta^1, q^1_0)$ and $G_2 = (Q^2, \Sigma^2, \delta^2, q^2_0)$, the behavior of the global system is given by their synchronous product $G_1 \times G_2 = (Q^1 \times Q^2, \Sigma^1 \cup \Sigma^2, \delta^{1 \times 2}, (q^1_0,q^2_0))$ where $\delta^{1 \times 2}$ is defined as follows $$\begin{aligned}
\delta^{1 \times 2}((q^1_i,q^2_j),a) \hspace{-3mm} & =\hspace{-3.5mm} &
\left \{\hspace{-2.5mm}
\begin{array}{l l l}
(\delta^1(q^1_i\!,\!a),\delta^2(q^2_j\!,\!a)) & \text{if}\ a\!\in\!\Sigma^1_o \cap \Sigma^2_o \\
(\delta^1(q^1_i,a), q^2_j) & \text{if}\ a\!\in\!\Sigma^1 \wedge a\!\not \in\!\Sigma^2 \\
(q^1_i, \delta^2(q^2_j,a)) & \text{if}\ a\!\in\!\Sigma^2 \wedge a\!\not \in\!\Sigma^1 \\
\end{array}
\right.\end{aligned}$$
Given a path in the global system, we can project it to a single component.
\[def:projrun\] Let $\rho\!\in\!\paths{G_1\!\times\!G_2}$, its projection in $G_i$ is $$\begin{aligned}
P_i((q^1, q^2)) & = & q^i \\
P_i((q^1, q^2)\!\cdot\!a\!\cdot\!\rho') & = &
\left \{
\begin{array}{lcl}
q^i\!\cdot\!a\!\cdot\!P_i(\rho') & &\text{if } \exists\ \delta^i(q^i, a) \\
P_i(\rho') & & \text{otherwise}
\end{array}
\right.\end{aligned}$$
For a trace in the global system, we define the projections to know which actions belong to a certain component.
\[def:projtrace\] Let $\sigma$ be a trace in $\traces{G_1 \times G_2}$, $\sigma'$ is its projection in $G_i$, denoted $\proj{i}{\sigma}=\sigma'$, iff
$\exists\ \rho\!\in\!\camino{\sigma} : \trace{P_i(\rho)}\!=\!\sigma'$
Let $\sigma = o_1 f o_3 u_3 \widehat{o}_5$ be a trace in $\traces{C \times D}$ from Figure \[fig:prod\], its projection in component $C$ is given by $\proj{C}{\sigma} = o_1 f o_3$ and its projection in component $D$ is given by $\proj{D}{\sigma} = o_1 o_3 u_3 \widehat{o}_5$. These projections are traces of the corresponding components $C$ and $D$ from Figure \[fig:lts\]. Note that projections of an infinite trace from the global system can be finite in one of the components.
As the projection operator only erases actions in a trace, it is easy to see that every fault belonging to a projection of such a trace, also belongs to the trace in the global system as it is shown by the following result.
\[proj\_inh\_fault\] For every trace $\sigma$ in $\traces{G_1 \times G_2}$ with $\proj{i}{\sigma} = \sigma_i$, we have $$\text{if }\ \ f \in \sigma_i \ \ \text{ then }\ \ f \in \sigma$$
When two components synchronize in all their shared actions, if two traces of the global system have the same observability and we project them to the same component, the resulting projections will also have the same observability. This result is captured by Proposition \[proj\_obs\].
\[proj\_obs\] Given two traces $\sigma$ and $\alpha$ in $\traces{G_1 \times G_2}$ with $\proj{i}{\sigma} = \sigma_i \text{ and } \proj{i}{\alpha} = \alpha_i$, we have $$\text{if}\ \ obs(\sigma) = obs(\alpha)\ \ \text{ then }\ \ obs(\sigma_i) = obs(\alpha_i)$$
This result is proved by double induction in the structure of $\sigma$ and $\alpha$. We analyze several cases depending on the existence of the projections. One of the most critical cases is when $\sigma = a\!\cdot\!\sigma', \alpha = b\!\cdot\!\alpha', a \in \Sigma^1_o \cap \Sigma^2_o, \text{but } b \not\in \Sigma^1_o \cap \Sigma^2_o$ as it has several particular sub-cases. Note that this result only holds when the synchronization is done in all the set of shared actions.
Diagnosability condition
------------------------
We present now the notion of diagnosability. Informally, a fault $f \in \Sigma_F$ is diagnosable if it is possible to detect, within a finite delay, occurrences of such a fault using the record of observed actions. In other words, a fault is not diagnosable if there exist two infinite paths from the initial state with the same infinite sequence of observable actions but only one of them contains a fault.
Let $f$ be a fault in $\Sigma_F$, $f$ is diagnosable in $G$ iff $$\forall \sigma, \alpha \in \traces G : \text{if } obs(\sigma) = obs(\alpha)$$ $$\text{ and } f \in \sigma \text{ then } f \in \alpha$$
The system $G$ is diagnosable, denoted by G, if and only if every fault $f \in \Sigma_F$ is diagnosable.
The previous definition introduced in [@laura] is a reformulation of the one presented in [@Sampath1995].
\[ex:prod\] Let consider the components $A$ and $B$ from Figure \[fig:lts\]. The only pair of traces in $A$ with the same observability are of the form $f \widehat{o}_3$ (one for each branch from the initial state), as both traces contain the fault $f$, system A is diagnosable. In the case of $B$, each observable trace corresponds to a unique path, therefore $B$ is diagnosable.
Now, consider system $A \times B$ from Figure \[fig:prod\], we can see that every trace contains a fault, therefore $A \times B$ is diagnosable. On the contrary, in system $C \times D$ we have two traces, $o_2 u_2 \widehat{o}_4$ and $o_2 f u_2 \widehat{o}_4$ that have the same observability, but one of them contains a fault and the other does not, therefore the system $C \times D$ is not diagnosable.
Distributing the diagnosability analysis {#sec:DDA}
========================================
The notion of diagnosability is introduced in [@Sampath1995] assuming a centralized architecture of the system. In order to check the diagnosability property in distributed systems, the synchronous product of components is computed and such a product is given as an input to an algorithm that tests its diagnosability (usually based on the twin plant method). The size of such a product grows exponentially with respect of the size of the components, resulting in an inefficient algorithm. When dealing with real applications, such as telecommunication networks or power distribution networks, the centralized approach is clearly unrealistic because of the size of those applications. Moreover, this approach does not exploit the fact that such systems are distributed.
In [@Schumann07scalablediagnosability; @distributeddiag] the authors distribute the search for non-distinguishable behaviors based on local verifiers and local twin plants. The local information is propagated until a verdict is made or, in the worst case, the global system is built. Their result is based on the assumption that a fault can occur in exactly one component.
In this section we present a method that allows to decide the diagnosability of a distributed system in terms of the diagnosability of each faulty component synchronizing with fault free versions of the remaining ones. Basically, we compose each component with a fault free version of the other components and analyze their diagnosability in parallel. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first method that allows to parallelize the diagnosability analysis.
\[algo\]
\[algo\] A LTS $G = (Q, \Sigma, \delta, q_0)$ An $f$-fault free version of $G$ $Q' := \{ q_0 \}$ , $\delta' := \emptyset$ , $Q := Q \setminus \{ q_0 \}$ $Q' := Q' \cup \{ q \}$ $\delta' := \delta' \cup (q',x,q)$ $\delta := \delta \setminus (q',x,q)$ $G^f = (Q',\Sigma,\delta',q_0)$
For testing the diagnosability of a fault $f \in \Sigma_F$ in the global system, instead of computing the whole composition, we consider one component and compose it with the fault free versions of the others. These fault free versions may be taken as the specification of each component, when provided, or can be computed by removing the fault $f$ in the component using Algorithm \[algo\] and considering such as the correct behavior of the system.
If we compose a component $G_i$ with the fault free version of $G_j$, meaning $G^f_j$, clearly the traces of the resulting system are those of $G_i \times G_j$ such that its projections in $G_j$ are fault free.
\[def:redprod\] Let $G_i$ and $G_j$ be two LTSs, then $\sigma \in \traces{G_i\!\times\!G^f_j}$ iff $$\sigma \in \traces{G_i \times G_j} \wedge \forall \sigma_j : \proj{j}{\sigma} = \sigma_j \imp f \not \in \sigma_j$$ \[def:red\]
Figure \[fig:reducedcompo\] shows components $A,B,C$ and $D$ after removing fault $f$ and Figure \[fig:reduced\] shows them synchronizing with the faulty components.
\[ex:reduced\] Let us consider the systems from Figure \[fig:reduced\]. System $A^f \times B$ is trivially diagnosable. In the case of system $A \times B^f$, it is easy to see that the observable traces are of the form $\widehat{o}_3$, but all traces containing $o_3$ also contain $f$ and therefore $A \times B^f$ is also diagnosable. In system $C^f \times D$, traces $\sigma = o_2 u_2 \widehat{o}_4$ and $\alpha = o_2 f u_2 \widehat{o}_4$ have the same observability, but $\alpha$ contains a fault and $\sigma$ does not. So, we can conclude that $C^f \times D$ is not diagnosable.
The following result states necessary conditions for the diagnosability of the global system, i.e. the non diagnosability of $G_1^f \times G_2$ or $G_1 \times G_2^f$ implies the non diagnosability of $G_1 \times G_2$.
\[the:1\] Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be two LTSs, then $$\diag{G_1 \times G_2} \ \ \Rightarrow\ \ \diag{G_1^f \times G_2} \land \diag{G_1 \times G_2^f}$$
Lets assume that $\neg \diag{G_1^f \times G_2}$, then there exist two traces $\sigma, \alpha \in \traces{G_1^f \times G_2}$ and $f$ such that $obs(\sigma)=obs(\alpha)$ with $f \in \sigma$, but $f \not \in \alpha$. We know from Proposition \[def:red\] that every trace in $G_1^f \times G_2$ is a trace in $G_1 \times G_2$, so we have found two traces of the global system with the same observability, one containing a fault and the other one not. Therefore $(G_1 \times G_2)$ is non-diagnosable. An analogous analysis can be made if $\neg \diag{G_1 \times G_2^f}$.
We see in Example \[ex:reduced\] that $C^f \times D$ is non diagnosable. Using Theorem \[the:1\] we can conclude that $C \times D$ is non diagnosable. This result is consistent with the diagnosability analysis made in Example \[ex:prod\].
As explained above, the idea is to build a diagnosable component and to test that its interaction with another fault free component is also diagnosable. We can then decide the diagnosability of $G_1 \times G_2$ in term of the diagnosability of $G_1, G_2, G_1^f \times G_2$ and $G_1 \times G_2^f$.
\[the:2\] Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be two LTSs, then $$\begin{aligned}
\left.
\begin{array}{llc}
&\diag{G_1} \land \diag{G_1 \times G_2^f} \\
& \\
& \diag{G_2} \land \diag{G_1^f \times G_2} \\
\end{array}
\right \}
\Rightarrow \diag{G_1 \times G_2}\end{aligned}$$
Let assume that we have a fault $f \in \Sigma_F$ and two traces $\sigma, \alpha \in \traces{G_1 \times G_2}$ with $f \in \sigma$ and $obs(\sigma)=obs(\alpha)$, we need to prove that $f \in \alpha$. Consider the following cases:
1. if $\sigma, \alpha \in \traces{G_i^f \times G_j}$ we can prove by $(G_i^f \times G_j)$’s diagnosability that $f \in \alpha$ and then $G_1 \times G_2$ is diagnosable,
2. if $\alpha \not \in \traces{G_i^f \times G_j}$, using the hypothesis that $\alpha \in \traces{G_i \times G_j}$, we can apply Proposition \[def:red\] and obtain that $\exists \alpha_i: \proj{i}{\alpha} = \alpha_i \land f \in \alpha_i$. By Proposition \[proj\_inh\_fault\] we know that every fault belonging to a projection also belongs to the trace in the global system, then $f \in \alpha$ and $G_1 \times G_2$ is diagnosable,
3. if $\alpha \in \traces{G_i^f \times G_j}$ and $\sigma \not \in \traces{G_i^f \times G_j}$ we know by Proposition \[def:redprod\] that $\forall \alpha_i : \proj{i}{\alpha}=\alpha_i$ and $f \not \in \alpha_i$ and also that $\exists \sigma_i : \proj{i}{\sigma}=\sigma_i$ with $f \in \sigma_i$. As $obs(\sigma)=obs(\alpha)$ we have that $obs(\sigma_i)=obs(\alpha_i)$ by Proposition \[proj\_obs\]. Finally as $G_i$ is diagnosable and $f \in \sigma_i$, the fault should belong to $\alpha_i$, leading to a contradiction. We can conclude that $G_1 \times G_2$ is diagnosable.
From Example \[ex:prod\] and Example \[ex:reduced\] we know that $A,B, A^f \times B$ and $A \times B^f$ are diagnosable. If we apply Theorem \[the:2\] we can conclude that $A \times B$ is diagnosable, which is consistent with the analysis made in Example \[ex:prod\].
Generalization
--------------
Until now we only consider systems composed by only two components. However, real examples are usually more complex and are composed of several components. Therefore we need to generalize the previous results to global systems composed of $n$ different components running in parallel.
In order to generalize all our results, the associativity and commutativity property of synchronous product become essential. Note that in a general case the set of synchronizing actions is not necessarily the intersection of all their observable actions. Suppose that a system is composed by three components, $G_1, G_2$ and $G_3$, where two of them synchronize via an action $a$ that does not belong to a third component, i.e. $a \in \Sigma_o^1 \cap \Sigma_o^2$, but $a \not \in \Sigma_o^3$. We expect that $G_1$ and $G_2$ still synchronize in $a$. Fortunately, despite its apparent complications, the synchronous product is associative and commutative. The proof of such result can be found in previous work [@gonza].
The following results generalized Theorems \[the:1\] and \[the:2\] respectively, giving necessary and sufficient conditions for the diagnosability of the global system.
\[the:3\] Let $G_1, G_2, \dots , G_n$ be $n$ components modeled by LTSs, then\
$\def\arraystretch{1.5}
\begin{array}{c}
\hspace{20mm} \diag{G_1 \times G_2 \times \dots \times G_n} \\
\hspace{20mm} \Downarrow \\
\hspace{20mm} \overbrace{\diag{G_1 \times G^f_2 \times \dots \times G^f_n}\ \land}\\
\hspace{20mm} \diag{G_1^f \times G_2 \times \dots \times G^f_n}\ \land \\
\hspace{25mm} \vdots \\
\hspace{20mm} \diag{G^f_1 \times G_2^f \times \dots \times G_n} \ \ \ \ \\
\end{array}$
\[the:4\] Let $G_1, G_2, \dots , G_n$ be $n$ components modeled by LTSs, then\
$\def\arraystretch{1.5}
\begin{array}{c}
\hspace{10mm} \diag{G_1} \land \diag{G_1 \times G^f_2 \times \dots \times G^f_n}\ \land \\
\hspace{10mm} \diag{G_2} \land \diag{G_1^f \times G_2 \times \dots \times G^f_n}\ \land \\
\hspace{15mm} \vdots \\
\hspace{10mm} \underbrace{\diag{G_n} \land \diag{G^f_1 \times G_2^f \times \dots \times G_n} \ \ \ \ } \\
\hspace{10mm} \Downarrow \\
\hspace{10mm} \diag{G_1 \times G_2 \times \dots \times G_n} \\
\end{array}$
Their proofs can be inferred directly from results that can be found in [@gonza].
When the faults can occur in every component and $G_1^f \times G_2^f \times \dots \times G_n \neq G_1 \times G_2 \times \dots \times G_n$, our approach shows important advantages, however in the cases where $G_1^f \times G_2^f \times \dots \times G_n = G_1 \times G_2 \times \dots \times G_n$, the whole product is analyzed and the computation time of our method is equal to the classic one. Nevertheless, when a diagnosability analysis is performed it is because it is known that several faults can occur in different components and it is more likely that $G_1^f \times G_2^f \times \dots \times G_n$ is smaller than $G_1 \times G_2 \times \dots \times G_n$.
Moreover, the diagnosability analysis of each component and $G_1^f \times G_2^f \times \dots \times G_n$ can be tested in parallel, allowing parallel analysis of diagnosability.
The DADDY tool {#sec:daddy}
==============
In the previous section we try to minimize the information that components needs to share to be able to decide the diagnosability property of the whole system. We now present our tool, called DADDY (from Distributed Analysis for distributed Discrete sYstems). DADDY implements the method presented above and the classic one (where the synchronous product is computed before the diagnosability analysis is performed). The tool is written in Python and has GNU GPL v3 license. It uses a standard format (.aut) for the description of each component and it also allows to see a graphical representation of the system. It can be downloaded from [@daddy].
The tool receives as inputs the components of the system. These inputs are assumed to be diagnosable, if not, an alert message is returned. If the specifications, meaning the non faulty components, are not given, systems $G^f_j$, for $j \not = i$, are computed following Algorithm \[algo\]. Hence $G^f_j$ is synchronized with $G_i$, and its diagnosability is checked using the twin plant method from [@twin]. Also, time $t_i$ of such computation is registered.
As soon as it is known that a component interacting with fault free versions of the other ones is non diagnosable, applying Theorem \[the:3\], a non diagnosable verdict is returned. Moreover, using the fact that it is a distributed computation, when we find a non diagnosable component, the computation of all others components can be stopped. So, the resulting time of such computation is $min(t_i)$ with $1 \leq i \leq n$. On the other hand, if every component interacting with the fault free version of the other ones is diagnosable, using the assumption that every $G_i$ is diagnosable by its own, we can conclude that $G_1 \times \dots \times G_n$ is diagnosable applying Theorem \[the:4\]. In this case, the diagnosability of every component is computed (in parallel) and the required time is $max(t_i)$ with $1 \leq i \leq n$.
We can see in table from Figure \[fig:table\] that the diagnosability analysis results obtained by DADDY are consistent with the ones presented in our previous examples. We can also see that our method can be almost ten times faster than the classical one. If we consider systems $n_1, n_2, n_3$ from exaples/sample5 in [@daddy], a non diagnosable result is obtained (as $n_1^f \times n_2 \times n_3^f$ is not diagnosable) in 0.16974902153 seconds with our method while the classical one does not reach a result after more than 24 hours. This shows an important improvement with respect to the classical method when the number of components grows.
Conclusions and Future Work {#sec:CFW}
===========================
We have presented a new framework for the distributed diagnosability analysis of concurrent systems. We remove the assumption that a fault can only occur in a single component (which is usually made in distributed systems) and allow to analyze more general systems. The method presented in this paper parallelized the analysis leading, in general, to an important reduction in the computing time. The theoretical results are illustrated by several examples and supported by experimental results obtained with the DADDY tool.
We plan to continue trying to keep reducing the system in order to obtain minimal components from which we can infer the diagnosability of the original global system. In addition, we intend to relax the assumption that the communicating (synchronizing) events are observable.
Furthermore, even if the framework presented in this paper allows the distribution of the analysis, the formalism to model the systems is still sequential (product of LTSs) and can suffer of state space explosion making the twin plant method to check its diagnosability still prohibitive. We are working to extend such analysis to concurrent models such as Petri Nets.\
System Diagnosable Our method Classic method
-------------- ------------- -------------- ----------------
0.0027251243 0.024051904
0.0028400421 0.023932933
$A \times B$ yes 0.0028848648 0.024003028
0.0029160976 0.025793075
0.0032229423 0.023809194
0.0041198730 0.015272855
0.0040440559 0.015629053
$C \times D$ no 0.0042178630 0.015436887
0.0040760040 0.009753942
0.0047080516 0.015598058
[^1]: This work has been supported by the European Union Sh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 295261 (MEALS).
[^2]: See for example $C,D$ and $C \times D$ in Figures \[fig:lts\] and \[fig:prod\].
| |
Sercos International, supplier of the Sercos® automation bus, announced that the OPC Unified Architecture (UA) Companion Specification for Sercos has been released. This specification describes the mapping of the Sercos information model to OPC UA so that functions and data of Sercos devices are made available and accessible via OPC UA. This initiative aims at simplifying the communication between machine periphery and supervisory IT systems, supporting the requirements of Industry 4.0 regarding semantic interoperability.
The OPC UA companion specification for Sercos is the result of a “call for experts” launched by Sercos International in September 2014. A first draft of the Sercos OPC UA Companion Specification was made available in November 2014. The following review was executed by a technical working group consisting of device manufacturers, technology providers and research institutes. The final specification was published in early November 2015 as release V1.0.
“In today’s automation systems Sercos devices from many different manufacturers have to be integrated and maintained, resulting in significant total cost of ownership (TCO) during the entire product life cycle. At the same time product planning and control require process and machine related information to facilitate the efficient use of the manufacturing resources. This challenge can be faced best with a standardized OPC UA Sercos information model that brings together the well-defined device profiles of Sercos with the data exchange standard of OPC UA. Use cases cover a broad range from device parametrization and network configuration up to energy management and preventive maintenance”, states Peter Lutz, Managing Director of Sercos International.
The mapping rules specified by Sercos can be used for different implementation approaches. On the one hand, the OPC UA server functionality can be implemented in a Sercos master device (e.g. CNC or PLC). On the other hand it is possible to implement this functionality in a Sercos slave device. In the latter case, the OPC UA accesses are executed in parallel to the Sercos real-time communication or even without any Sercos real-time communication.
For more information on Sercos, visit www.sercos.org. | https://www.motioncontroltips.com/opc-ua-companion-specification-for-sercos-released/ |
High blood pressure in pregnancy is a clear warning sign for preeclampsia. Also known as hypertension, high blood pressure has also been associated with birth defects and long-term side effects on maternal health independent of preeclampsia. Researchers from the National Institutes of Health have now suggested chronic disease risk is another possible issue women will deal with as they grow older. The study was published in the journal Circulation.
A cohort study completed in Northern Finland in 1966 provided basic data for the study. Researchers then tapped into Finnish registries to find medical data on more than 10,000 women who participated in the cohort. Women with high blood pressure during pregnancy, even those who did not suffer from preeclampsia or eclampsia, were more apt to suffer from chronic diseases as they aged. Researchers noted an increased risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, death from myocardial infarction, diabetes and ischemic heart disease in women with gestational hypertension.
Conclusion: Women suffering hypertension during pregnancy need to be carefully monitored for chronic health conditions and disease throughout life. Evaluation of risk factors and early detection/intervention could be life-saving.
Source: Männistö T, Mendola P, Vääräsmäki M, Järvelin MR, Hartikainen AL, Pouta A, Suvanto E. Elevated blood pressure in pregnancy and subsequent chronic disease risk. Circulation. 2013 Feb 12;127(6):681-90. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.128751. | https://www.babymed.com/pregnancy-news/long-term-effect-of-elevated-blood-pressure-pregnancy |
A visualisation of the polarisation of the Cosmic Microwave Background, or CMB, as detected by ESA’s Planck satellite.
In these images, the colour scale represents temperature differences in the CMB, while the texture indicates the direction of the polarised light. The patterns seen in the texture are characteristic of ‘E-mode’ polarisation, which is the dominant type for the CMB.
First, the CMB polarisation is shown on the entire sky. For the sake of illustration, both data sets have been filtered to show mostly the signal detected on scales around 5º on the sky. However, fluctuations in both the CMB temperature and polarisation are present and were observed by Planck also on larger as well as smaller angular scales.
To provide a taste of the fine structure of the measurement obtained by Planck, a zoomed-in view on a smaller patch of the sky, measuring 20º across, is also provided. This is first shown with the same filtering as the all-sky image, then with a different filter that shows mostly the signal detected on angles on the sky of about 20 arcminutes. | http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2015/02/Polarisation_of_the_Cosmic_Microwave_Background_full_sky_and_details |
Elena Berger is the director of Email Marketing and Audience Relations at American Progress. Before joining American Progress, Berger worked for several years as an online strategist at Amplify Public Affairs, where she helped clients use websites, email, and social media to reach their fundraising and advocacy goals. She also served as executive editor of Amplify’s blog, Disruptive Women in Health Care.
Previously, Berger worked as program associate for the Alliance for Public Technology and membership coordinator for the National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women’s Health.
Berger graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 1998 with a Bachelor of Arts in creative writing. She is originally from Dobbs Ferry, New York. | https://www.americanprogressaction.org/about/staff/berger-elena/bio/ |
Nestled between the plains and the foothills of North America’s western mountain ranges, Calgary is the largest city in Alberta and the fourth largest city in Canada. Originally founded to regulate the arrival of primarily white settlers, Calgary is today the epicenter of frontier-culture memories, such as the annual Calgary Stampede and a gateway to the mountains. Make the most of your visit by taking advantage of wide streets and beautiful surroundings in a rental car by booking your car today.
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While you can certainly spend a good deal of time in downtown Calgary, particularly along 17th Ave SW, you’ll want to explore the city and its surroundings thoroughly, and a rental car will help you travel from downtown to the area’s numerous trailheads and beyond with ease. See Canada’s prairielands at their most spectacular by booking your rental car today and plan to drive into the mountains as well!
Automobile hire in Calgary typically starts at around $30 a day, but is sometimes available as low as $19 a day. Here are some of the best deals in Calgary:
Note that prices vary depending on the availability of each specific car and the season in which you rent. For the most accurate offers, use the search bar above.
There appears to be very little seasonal variation in price for rental cars in Calgary, as international and local rental agencies offer cars at around $30 year round. Instead, the best way to save money on automobile hire is by being deliberate with your pick-up and drop-off locations. By far the cheapest rental brand is Nu, located at the Calgary International Airport 18 km north of city center. While Alamo, Thrifty, and Budget can offer fairly inexpensive rental options at numerous locations throughout the city, consider picking your car up from the airport to save $5 to $10 a day!
From companies other than Nu, you can also save $5 to $10 per daily rental by extending your rental period to over a week. | https://www.economybookings.com/car-rental/north-america/canada/calgary |
Walls on Sumpter, 'Before Journalism Schools: How Gilded Age Reporters Learned the Rules'
Randall S. Sumpter. Before Journalism Schools: How Gilded Age Reporters Learned the Rules. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2018. xv + 175 pp. $35.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8262-2159-9.
Reviewed by Eric Walls (East Carolina University) Published on Jhistory (April, 2019) Commissioned by Robert A. Rabe
Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=53635
It is a relatively unknown fact that formal journalism schools or degree programs at the college level did not really exist prior to the first half of the twentieth century. Before that time, nascent journalists had to literally learn on the job the ins and outs of an often cutthroat business that was still in the process of developing a loosely assembled collective idea of the sorts of practices and values that should guide their work. It is precisely this process of defining the rules of the trade that associate professor of communication at Texas A&M University Randall S. Sumpter examines in Before Journalism Schools: How Gilded Age Reporters Learned the Rules. Sumpter’s work is not merely a narrative account of the development of modern journalism and its practice in the late nineteenth century, however. He digs much deeper, using a sociological framework to buttress his theories relating to the patterns this process took and the ways that journalists interpreted, internalized, and manifested a set of practices that laid the foundation for the profession of journalism as it is known today.
Sumpter begins with a brief exposition of the modernization of journalism that was a part of the larger process of mass industrialization and the development of large, vertically and horizontally integrated corporate structures that rapidly and drastically altered the world of commerce in the nineteenth century. Journalism was not immune to the effects of these processes. The technological boom in mechanization that transformed so many other industries also made its presence known in newspaper offices and printing shops across the United States. The massive and expensive new presses that were required to remain competitive in a rapidly expanding news market necessitated large capital expenditures and investments. As with most other industries, the increase in capital investment led owners and managers to cut corners in the most obvious of places to business leaders—labor. The demand for labor increased with circulation, but business-savvy owners more often than not chose ill-trained workers they could hire cheaply and who could rapidly produce hundreds, if not thousands, of words per day to meet the expanding space requirements of growing publications. The demand for labor also coincided with a glut in the labor market, as journalism became something of a fashionable endeavor and thousands of young men, and occasionally women, offered their services at almost any price to gain a toehold in the industry.
This perfect storm of supply and demand created crowded, boisterous newsrooms that operated in a mostly ad hoc fashion as journalists scrambled to fill quotas with little to no training and no firmly established set of practices and norms from which they could draw knowledge to assist their navigation of the numerous roadblocks that inevitably emerged. What was clear from almost the very beginning, however, was that some sort of standard practices were necessary to facilitate the collection, writing, and distribution of the news. The turnaround time was too quick to allow for indecision and experiment with format. Failure to meet deadlines could not only be a death blow to a reporter’s career, but a substantial hit to the bottom line of the newspaper itself.
Sumpter proposes a very interesting theory to explain the journalism industry’s response to its growing need for order in response to the chaotic nature of newswork in the second half of the nineteenth century. He bases his ideas first in the work of French sociologist Gabriel Tarde, who proposed that the dispersal of innovation in the nineteenth century operated on a model of “invention, imitation, and opposition,” which were diffused through “interpersonal communication” (p. 24). In the world of journalism, “inventions” were new ideas on methods to collect and write the news. Sociologist Everett M. Rogers expanded on Tarde’s theories with his concept of “diffusion of innovation.” New ideas cycle through an organization through a process of “awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption” that can occur at different rates and “may repeat over time at different organizational levels” (p. 25).
In the 1990s, these concepts were carried even further by researchers at the Institute for Research on Learning in Palo Alto, California, with their Communities of Practice (CoP) model. CoPs are described as “containers to store work and life competencies.” Contributors to “these containers share three common attributes: Mutual engagement (the level of communication and interaction among members), joint enterprise (a common set of tasks that group members perform and can influence), and a shared repertoire for completing these tasks.” The progenitors of this model postulate that CoPs “emerge spontaneously to cope with a new problem encountered by an occupation.” Each organization creates its own CoP which is then connected into larger “‘constellations’ of interrelated CoPs” through “knowledge brokers” that act as intermediaries between CoPs (p. 27).
After establishing the scholarly foundation for his ideas, Sumpter spends the rest of the work identifying and illustrating through an exhaustive examination of primary sources—both the newspapers themselves and the plethora of writings, fiction and nonfiction, produced by male and female journalists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries—precisely how the concept of CoPs manifested in nineteenth-century newsrooms. Through trial and error, American journalists gradually developed a loose collection of practices and norms. These were then diffused and refined through a vast network of experienced practitioners who shared their amassed knowledge both directly, through interpersonal communication and interaction, and indirectly, through various writings on the subject that both introduced and guided novices in the exploration of the field.
Sumpter explains how interaction and diffusion of knowledge occurred across the vast field of nineteenth-century newsrooms in various ways and at multiple levels. Direct interaction was probably the most effective method of knowledge diffusion. Experienced journalists exchanged knowledge with novices inside the newsoom itself, the locus of the individual CoP, which was constantly open to new knowledge brokers through the revolving door of hiring and firing that was typical of the day. This exposed inexperienced journalists to a wide variety of models to mimic and examples to follow. Novices often shadowed senior staff and star reporters, who frequently reciprocated and took fledgling reporters under their wing. Outside of that bubble, journalists interacted out in the field as they collected stories among the competition, who were often willing to cooperate and pool resources and knowledge for mutual benefit. Outside of the singular newsroom, the abundance of available freelance work exposed journalists to editors and practices in a multiplicity of locations. The emerging journalistic culture also developed its own social networks and groups, which further facilitated the diffusion of knowledge through the spiderweb of journalistic CoPs that existed by the turn of the twentieth century.
Indirect diffusion of journalistic knowledge took place in the form of the multitude of writings, outside of the newspapers, published by experienced journalists during the period. Many journalists entered the field either to supplement or to launch a literary career, and their writings, both fiction and nonfiction, often explored journalistic themes. Many published in trade journals that served as knowledge brokers for amateurs and professionals alike. Some, like E. L. Shuman, Robert Luce, and Martha L. Rayne, wrote “how-to-do-it” books that served as entry-level guidebooks for many young reporters, male and female, during the era. Sumpter sees such significance in “newspaper fiction”—short stories and novels with journalistic or “newspaper-related” themes—that he devotes an entire chapter to the topic (p. 79). Most authors of such works had experience as journalists themselves, so their works were informed by firsthand experience. Plots often involved the inner workings of the journalistic method, which served as another mode of knowledge diffusion as would-be reporters formed a view of the job based on their perceptions of the characters and scenarios they read about. Although realistic, these works were of course often idealized renderings of the risks and rewards of the job, which frequently led to unrealistic expectations in readers who aspired to emulate their fictionalized heroes.
In the aggregate, the networks of knowledge brokers and CoPs identified and explicated by Sumpter slowly established a recognizable set of practices and norms that created the nucleus of the later curriculum of the schools of journalism that developed in the twentieth century. By that time, the era of wild experimentation and proliferation of a variety of different styles across the American journalistic spectrum that was a feature of the early years of newspaper expansion was over, and the growing profession of journalism settled, at least in theory, on a collectively negotiated set of practices and code of conduct. Sumpter does not merely look at the processes of knowledge formation and diffusion, however. He also spends some time on the practices and norms themselves. He devotes an entire chapter to those practices that formed around the art of securing and interviewing sources, which he identifies as the central aspect of the journalists’ craft. Sumpter also explores the seedier side of the formation of a journalistic ethos, focusing his final chapter on "rule breakers” and the way the establishment of ethical rules often involved the same sort of trial and error, and an instinctual sense of when to break the rules and when to adhere to them, associated with the formation of other journalistic practices.
Sumpter’s work overall is well written and expertly researched. An experienced media scholar and experienced journalism historian, he utilizes primary sources with a historian’s keen eye, and the bulk of the work is gleaned from such materials. His willingness to venture outside of the standard historian’s toolbox and utilize the work of other disciplines to underpin historical work in modern social science makes Sumpter’s work not just good, but exceptional. To make that very interdisciplinary work the core of his thesis and theoretical paradigm is a welcome breath of fresh air in the discipline. Such interdisciplinary work is becoming more in vogue in historical circles, but thus far most historians have only skirted the edges of social sciences and few, if any, have been so bold as to make ideas and principles gleaned from other disciplines central to their thesis and conclusions. Sumpter’s expert use of the sociological theory of communities of practice illustrates perfectly the nature of knowledge generation and practice formation among nineteenth-century journalists and shines a light on the ways this theory can be applied to the numerous other burgeoning industries of the Industrial Age by future scholars. All that is required is to identify the knowledge brokers and the CoPs among which they operated, and solid evidence can be discerned to show the ways that knowledge was dispersed in any industry or organization that operated in the ephemeral zone between its establishment and the acceptance and codification of practices and norms diffused through formalized academic structures. These same ideas can even be used to explore even older organizational practices, such as the various guilds and trade organizations of the medieval period. More historians should think further outside the box, take some intellectual and academic risks, and listen to the things other disciplines are trying to tell them. As Sumpter ably shows with Before Journalism Schools: How Gilded Age Reporters Learned the Rules, the results can be remarkably stimulating.
Citation: Eric Walls. Review of Sumpter, Randall S., Before Journalism Schools: How Gilded Age Reporters Learned the Rules. Jhistory, H-Net Reviews. April, 2019. URL: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=53635This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. | https://networks.h-net.org/node/14542/reviews/3994991/walls-sumpter-journalism-schools-how-gilded-age-reporters-learned |
Rahmatia Jame Masjid
Rahmatia Jame Masjid is the first contribution of SMF for the village of Jabusha. Approximately, 500 people attend the daily prayers and weekly Friday Jummah prayers and about 100 students receive education on the basic tenets of the faith. The number of attendees is steadily increasing.
Primary & Secondary School
There is not a single elementary school for the children in Jabusha (the nearest school is about two miles away). The proposed primary school will give these children the opportunity to learn the core curriculum and skills necessary to improve their lives and make their dreams of future higher education a reality. Once the primary school is fully established, the goal is to expand the school's capabilities to include middle or secondary education.
Community Health Clinic
Nearly 15,000 people reside in the town and its surrounding areas. Unfortunately, the area lacks proper health services for the residents. SMF plans to set up weekly free health clinic for those who otherwise have difficulties accessing proper healthcare.
Pharmacy & Grocery Store
The primary purpose of the stores is to bring commerce to the town which can be used to help fund and facilitate the town's growth and provide goods for the local community. They will also provide few jobs for the inhabitants of Jabusha. Income generated from these stores will help SMF sustain its projects.
Adult Vocational/Handicraft Training Institute
The facility aims to provide practical, income-generating skills and training to working adults and children of Jabusha.
Project Green
Village Development Projects (Self Reliance & Self sustaining).
Water Purification/Safe Drinking Water Program
Safe drinking water disappearing fast in Bangladesh due to extreme weather increasing salinity of water in coastal areas. Salinity in the water of coastal areas has now reached over 20 parts per thousand, but the human body can only tolerate five parts per thousand. The areas near to the Bay of Bengal, the amount of arsenic in the groundwater is also very high. We need to dig much deeper to get arsenic-free water. According to a study by the World Bank's water and sanitation program, about 28 million Bangladeshis, or just over 20% of the population, are living in harsh conditions in the "hard-to-reach areas" that make up a quarter of the country's landmass.
Filtration and desalination plants are expensive, but experts say they offer the only chance to avert a looming crisis.
According to the experts there are two primary options to supply potable water in these rural areas
-
The best option for drought- and saline-prone areas is to preserve rainwater in artificial ponds and distribute it to communities through sand filter systems, in which hand pumps are used to suck water from artificial ponds through a filter that makes the water potable. (See footnote 1)
-
Installing deep tube wells with water reservoir
For those living in rural areas, implementation of these solutions has become a matter of urgency.
Footnote: 1 Ainun Nishat, a climate change expert and vice-chancellor of Brac University in Dhaka
Jabusha, Khulna, Bangladesh
Community Storm Shelter
Due to the proximity to the Bay of Bengal, Jabusha is always at risk of destruction from cyclones which regularly endanger the lives of the residents of this area. For example, the 2008 SIDR cyclone claimed many lives in that area. SMF aims to build a storm shelter to help protect the citizens in these affected areas.
Children's Playground
The playground is often where children start building lifelong friendships. It also encourages mental and physical well-being and allows the children to build social skills. | https://www.sabrinamemorial.org/projects-jabusha |
If you are interested in playing your part in developing a common, sustainable approach to the use of fixed gear in North Wales, join our online debate on Tuesday 23 February 2021, starting at 6.30 pm.
North Wales is recognised as a world class venue for an amazing diversity of climbing including bold, multi-pitch adventures on natural mountain crags, coastal sport climbing in disused quarries, and every combination of climbing styles in between, but there is currently no North Wales-specific BMC advice or guidelines intending to ensure the preservation of this diversity for future generations of climbers. The BMC did publish a position statement on drilled equipment in 2014, but this statement doesn’t completely cover the issues arising in North Wales.
The topic of fixed gear* is both complex and contentious; recent attempts to establish a consensus position in North Wales have come to nothing. In an attempt to achieve a more positive result, this debate will be quite tightly structured and will attempt to find common ground around some pre-prepared, generic statements. Discussion about specific pieces of fixed gear on particular routes, crags or rock types will not be encouraged, although examples may well be used to illustrate individual principles and opinions.
Any outcome from the debate will be taken to the following BMC Cymru North Wales Area Meeting on Tuesday 2 March, to help inform the development of any agreed BMC statements which can be helpful to resident and visiting climbers when making 'best-practice' decisions about the suitability of fixed gear on rock climbs in North Wales.
* Fixed gear includes any equipment deliberately left in place as an anchor for access, for protection, for aid, or on stances.
How to attend virtually
BMC Cymru North Wales is hosting the debate, which is open to all (BMC members and non-members).
REGISTER: To attend the meeting please register via Eventbrite
You will be emailed information about joining the Zoom meeting upon registration, and more details about the agenda nearer the meeting date.
The BMC works for climbers like you. Benefits include:
Find out more about BMC membership benefits
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As members of the Alliance for Welsh Designated Landscapes, BMC Cymru was recently invited to share a Senedd petition with members, calling for the Cambrian Mountains region in Mid-Wales to be designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
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Following discussions at Area Meetings in 2021, guidelines on placing or replacing fixed gear on rock climbs in North Wales were published and agreed at the July 2021 BMC Cymru North Wales Area Meeting.
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Our bolts advice guides come in two parts. Part one is aimed at the climber, in particular those who have learnt to climb indoors and are making the transition outside. It covers the need to know information to help assess the safety of an outdoor sport climb.
Part two is newly published and is a guide to current good practice for choosing and installing bolts, covering all of the important issues which must be addressed in order to do this competently and with the correct equipment.
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The first Trump-Biden debate is likely to attract a great deal of attention, given a rumour that the Democratic presidential nominee may not show, suggest US political observers giving prognoses on what offensive and defensive strategies the contenders are likely to choose and how the debates will affect their election odds.
Earlier in the year, the royal couple founded a production company and signed a multiyear deal with the Netflix streaming service, pledging to create content that "informs but also gives hope".
The number of coronavirus cases has reached almost 33 million worldwide, with around 1 million deaths globally, according to Johns Hopkins University. Rising numbers of infections has caused multiple countries to tighten anti-coronavirus measures, especially in Europe, where some have banned mass events and introduced mandatory mask-wearing.
On 18 September, the day US Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg died, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said that the Senate would vote on President Trump’s pick to replace her, despite that it is an election year – an argument he made in 2016 during the Obama era. On Saturday, Trump announced Amy Coney Barrett as his nominee.
Last week, the situation escalated along the contact line of Nagorno-Karabakh, an Armenian-majority autonomy that proclaimed independence from Azerbaijan in 1991. Armenia and Azerbaijan waged war over the disputed territory until 1994, and since the end of the war both sides have been holding peace talks mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group.
Earlier in the day, The New York Times reported that US President Donald Trump's tax bill was $750 in 2017, a year after he became president. According to the report, he "paid no federal income taxes in 11 of 18 years".
Clashes broke out in the contested Nagorno-Karabakh region early Sunday morning, with Azerbaijan and Armenia accusing each other of sparking the hostilities. The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has been the main bone of contention in cool relations between Yerevan and Baku for over three decades.
The Islamic Republic has made major strides in its defence electronics, rocketry, radar and space technology industries in recent years, and demonstrated the extent of its capabilities through the successful launch of a new generation of satellites, and the destruction of a stealthy $220 million US drone which violated its airspace last year. | https://sputniknews.com/ |
Sooner or later, it’s bound to happen. A snarky comment here. A condescending look there. We all know the benefits of healthy support in recovery, but not everyone is capable of providing that. And at some point (if it hasn’t happened already), you’re going to run across someone who knows exactly the wrong thing to say at exactly the wrong time. Let’s get into how you can manage it.
Keep Realistic Expectations
Nobody is going to care about your recovery process the same way you do. That isn’t meant to be harsh- it’s simply the truth. This is your journey; you need to honor it, defend it, and work for it, even if it feels like you’re alone in the struggle.
Don’t expect people to change just because you want them to change. That’s not fair for everyone, and it’s a surefire way to feel disappointed or resentful. Some examples of unrealistic expectations in relationships include:
- Believing that everyone needs to like you
- Believing that everyone is going to understand (or want to understand) addiction
- Believing that people will forgive you automatically
- Believing you are owed an apology
- Believing that people can read your mind or know what you are feeling
- Believing that conflict shouldn’t happen (or that it’s catastrophic if it does happen)
You’re allowed to have preferences and boundaries in your relationships. However, if you hold people to an impossible standard, you tend to be the one who gets hurt.
Manage and Control Your Interactions
You are not obligated to have a relationship with anyone in your life. At any given moment, you do have the power to change or end a certain dynamic. That said, this sentiment is often easier said than done!
If you know someone is unsupportive, it is helpful to establish the parameters you want to set for this relationship. Can you limit how often you see them? What about keeping certain discussion topics off-limits?
You should also have a set plan-of-action in case interactions become toxic. Maybe you will need to let the person know right away. Perhaps you will need to leave the scene altogether.
Lean On The Supportive People
Supportive people can counteract the unsupportive people in your life. That’s why it’s essential to maintain and cultivate a healthy network. This network will help you stay sane and grounded- and you can reach out to them when you’re struggling with those difficult people in your life.
Remember that you need to be a good friend to attract good friends yourself. Healthy relationships are a take-and-give, and you must be willing to practice compassion, empathy, and integrity if that’s what you hope to receive in return.
Nourish your healthy relationships. Stay in contact. Reach out periodically. Don’t make the relationship all about you- that’s a surefire way for becoming a toxic friend yourself!
Enjoy Your Own Company
Healthy support is crucial, but you also need to prioritize the relationship you have with yourself. Do you practice self-compassion? Do you talk kindly to yourself- even if you make a mistake? Do you know how to practice healthy stress reduction techniques when life becomes overwhelming?
At the end of the day, you are responsible for your own well-being. If you can’t take care of yourself, who will? If you don’t love and value yourself, how can you expect that from others? | https://www.soberocity.com/how-to-manage-unsupportive-people-in-your-recovery-process/ |
The purpose of this study is to evaluate a process through the application of safety techniques and methods to identify safety and ergonomic hazards leading to potential occupational disorders or accidents. The application of these techniques and methods will be implementing the Continuous Hazard Tracking and Failure Prediction Methodology (CHTFPM). Once the particular safety conditions which may be becoming hazards (known as dendritics) have been developed this methodology can be used in any industrial scenario. The objective is to implement the methodology for validation purposes in the automotive part manufacturing. The study comprises of process monitoring by using the principles of work sampling and statistical analysis. The sampling is performed to observe the occurrence of dendritics which may become hazards and could result in an accident, system malfunction, or unacceptable risk conditions. The statistical analysis is used to monitor the process using the data collected to find out if the process is ‘out of control’ with respect of the acceptable safety level. It the system is ‘out of control’, investigation for potential conditions becoming hazardous is necessary.
Subject Area
Automotive materials|Industrial engineering|Mechanical engineering
Recommended Citation
Garcia, Luis Miguel, "Feasibility and implementation of Six-Sigma tools for predictive safety in automotive part manufacturing" (2003). ETD Collection for University of Texas, El Paso. AAIEP10358. | https://scholarworks.utep.edu/dissertations/AAIEP10358/ |
Year in Review: Science & Technology
As we close the page on another year, btw brings you its traditional year-end look at what took place as the world took another spin. Last week, we brought you an overview of events that took place around the world. This week, we take a look at the world of science and technology.
Disease and Medicine
In 2014, the Ebola outbreak in West Africa was a big news story. By the end of 2015, however, both Liberia and Sierra Leone declared themselves Ebola-free. Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the creation of a new Ebola vaccination program. In other vaccination news, a resurgence of measles (once considered “eliminated”) intensified the debate over how to best deal with the growing number of parents opting out of having their children vaccinated. After an outbreak at Disneyland, California passed new legislature.
Gadgets
While we are continually surrounded by gadgets that make our lives better, the development of such devices hit a few snags this year. Google stopped production on its wearable technology called Google Glass. Roomba, the company that brought us the robotic vacuum, faced challenges in moving that technology outside. Inexpensive-brand hoverboards reportedly caused a number of malfunctions and injuries. People are divided about the new heads-up displays on vehicles. Consumers remain hopeful about the idea of an iCar in the future, but not without weighing some ethical considerations.
Technological Advances
At the beginning the year, President Obama announced the hope for a reenergized space program. The Planetary Society responded with the creation and successful launch of the LightSail, technology that could harness the energy of the sun. NASA announced its first-ever Twins Study. Net Neutrality made our pages three times in 2015: here, here and here. Meanwhile, researchers around the world were busy finding ways to make the world a better place: by using rats to safely locate and dismantle landmines, by teaching toddlers to how to code, and using human “super-recognizers” to help out when technology fails. Finally, the city of London implemented hybrid technology in its Underground subway system,
Food
Our look at what we eat and the ways we do it was widely varied this year. Controversy was at the heart of these stories, as American cheese (a highly processed foodstuff) was labeled “healthy” by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the practice of genetically modifying salmon. On a positive note, math=enthusiasts everywhere celebrated their favorite numerical value with their favorite dessert by having pie on Pi Day (3/14). | https://mhebtw.azurewebsites.net/?p=2978 |
The development of a sensitive methodology to characterise hard shell capsule puncture by dry powder inhaler pins.
In order for hard-shell capsules to function effectively as drug reservoirs in dry powder inhalers, the capsule must be punctured with sharpened pins to release the powdered medicament upon inspiration. Capsule performance in this setting is poorly understood. This study aims to develop a methodology to characterise hard shell capsule penetration by needles from commercial dry powder inhalers, to determine whether changes to capsule materials impact on their performance. Two pin types from two commercial dry powder inhalers were mounted in a material-testing machine, equipped with a 500 N load cell. A stainless steel bush was used to secure a capsule directly below the steel pin. Hypromellose (n=10) and gelatin capsules (n=10) were conditioned in 'normal' or low humidity conditions and were subsequently punctured with both types of pin. Each puncture event was recorded on a load-displacement curve. The force required for puncture was 2.82±0.26 N for hypromellose capsules and 4.54±0.26 N for gelatin capsules, stored in normal humidity. Different capsule materials possessed distinguishable signature profiles but repeated force-displacement profiles were highly reproducible i.e. intra-individual variability was minimal. A rapid, robust yet sensitive methodology has therefore been developed that is able to characterise hard shell capsule materials based on the puncture performance.
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Irish telecoms company Vodafone has revealed the different kinds of data transmission networks in Ireland, and explains the reasons behind why data transmission is so different.
Here are some of the key facts:1.
Data transmission is carried over fibre optic cables2.
The fibre optic network is the backbone of the data transmission system3.
The majority of data is sent over fiber optic cables in Ireland4.
The data is encrypted and encrypted data is then sent over the fiber optic cable.5.
The encryption is not the only factor that determines the encryption used.
It is a requirement of a fibre optic cable to be able to encrypt and decrypt data.6.
The internet has changed the way in which data is transmitted.
It has changed how we think about data transmission.7.
Ireland has a high number of data centres and data centres are used by many different businesses.8.
Data is transferred in different ways, depending on the business.
Data can be sent via a cable, by satellite, by the internet or by any other means.9.
Ireland is home to over 50,000 data centres10.
Ireland’s fibre optic transmission system is the most robust in the EU11.
The most important thing about data is not just the speed, but the quality of the information being transmitted. | https://doersity.com/2021/07/16/data-transmission-network-a-look-at-the-different-types/ |
8 Steps to Migrate Your SIEM: Assessment
The last post of a three-part series on migrating a security information and event management (SIEM) platform focuses on assessing the migration. We outline the steps to show you how to evaluate how well the migration is working according to your strategic plan.
In our first post, we looked at how to prepare for migrating a security information and event management (SIEM) platform. The second post covered the middle phase of executing the migration. This post presents the final phase: assessing the migration. The steps in this phase are where you determine how well the migration is working according to your strategic plan. This phase also helps you tune operations of the SIEM to improve efficiency. By carefully assessing SIEM operations, your organization will receive maximum value from one of the most critical tools for securing a large enterprise.
Steps for assessment
Establish benchmark criteria
Establishing benchmark criteria for the new SIEM will help your organization measure and evaluate its performance. Benchmarks should employ criteria in the framework or frameworks currently used by your organization. This could be ISO for compliance, PCI DSS for payment security, and operational benchmarks such as search times, mean time to detection, mean time to response, number of alerts closed, and so forth.
A modern SIEM’s analytics will often dramatically reduce the number of alerts generated by a legacy SIEM, so it’s important to choose metrics carefully in order to accurately gauge success. It’s a different way of thinking as analysts will be used to the old idea of “more alerts are better” (even though they were swamped by the volume of often meaningless noise). The quality of alerts and associated situations presented is vastly more important than quantity, and it may take some time to acclimate to this different approach.
Benchmark criteria can be used to score use cases in a manner similar to a heat map. As the migration proceeds, SOC managers may first see lots of reds for a short period of time. As machine learning analyzes log feeds, more colors will turn yellow; as analytics mature, greens will show good coverage. Color coding benchmark criteria will visually show SOC managers how well the SIEM is aligned with business objectives addressed by each use case.
Tuning is an important aspect to benchmarking, which entails supplementing Red Team attack exercises by using the new SIEM to test use case assumptions. Testing will help identify where misconfigurations and other issues are hampering accurate detection. To a large extent, a modern SIEM uses analytics to mostly tune itself.
Timeline: Step 7 typically takes two-four weeks.
Evaluate next steps
The last strategic step of SIEM migration is evaluating next steps. A legacy SIEM typically requires SOC analysts to constantly adjust thresholds and alerts to keep monitoring accurate. Migration to a new SIEM with behavioral analytics enabled with machine learning does away with rule tinkering. This will allow your SOC team to focus on developing new use cases as business priorities change.
We suggest a rotation of every few months to review the use cases, determine which are useful, and which may need additional tuning. Attack simulations will help address improvements to achieve business objectives with the new SIEM. If your organization does not have Red Team capability in-house, consider turning to outside resources because attack simulations are essential for ensuring the quality of security processes.
Finally, we urge your organization to use the eight-step SIEM migration model as a continuous process to help ensure strong security for your enterprise.
Timeline: Evaluating the next steps is an ongoing task where the effort will wax and wane as circumstances change and new use cases are prioritized. Post-migration, you should be on the lookout for opportunities for constant process improvement.
Timeline expectations
As we’ve mentioned at the start of our blog series, migrating a SIEM is a project that involves multiple steps and involves numerous people, processes and technologies. A typical migration takes seven-eight months. However, many factors can influence your timeline. A few of the most significant influences on timing are your choice of use cases, dependencies on others (including senior staff to outline the business priorities and other security and IT staff to provision log sources and infrastructure), and the willingness of the security team to change their work habits to take advantage of the capabilities of your new SIEM. As a result, the timeline for a SIEM migration can vary considerably, from 3-12 months. Example timelines for a short, typical and long migrations are shown below.
Making your SIEM migration a success!
Our series on SIEM migration has presented eight strategic steps to help your new SIEM unlock fresh capabilities bringing stronger security to your enterprise. We hope Exabeam will play a prominent role in your choice. To get additional help, we invite you to watch our webinar, “Eight Steps to Migrate Your SIEM.” Or download our white paper, Eight Steps to Migrate Your SIEM. These sources will provide you with more details to help guide the migration process. | https://www.exabeam.com/siem/siem-migration-assessment/ |
3 mental math myths from Laura Ingalls Wilder, and 4 ways to bring homeschool mental math into the 21st century.
I was obsessed with Laura Ingalls Wilder and the Little House on the Prairie books when I was a little girl.
I had a green calico prairie-girl dress that I insisted on wearing to family events for years, even when the dress literally began to fall apart.
I dreamed about attending a one-room schoolhouse.
And one rainy Saturday afternoon, I even sloshed water all over the carpet as I “hauled water” from the bathroom to the kitchen for my ever-patient mother–because I just had to pretend to be Laura fetching water from the well.
One of my favorite scenes is the school exhibition at the end of Little Town on the Prairie. Laura and her classmates prepare for weeks to show off their skills.
Finally, the big evening arrives. After geography and grammar, Laura braces herself for the subject she dreads the most: math.
“Mental arithmetic was even harder. Laura disliked arithmetic. Her heart beat desperately when her turn came and she was sure she would fail.”
And then she’s given this problem to solve:
“Divide 347,264 by 16.”
Mentally.
Ouch!
Much as I love Laura, I don’t love the misconceptions about mental math that one-room schoolhouse scenes like this one have created. Mental math isn’t about wowing other people by solving long, complex problems in your head. (And it’s definitely not about the stress of having to keep all those numbers straight!)
A lot has changed since Laura went to school 150 years ago. But mental math is still relevant, even in the age of smart-phone calculator apps. Let’s bust these mental math myths so your kids can reap all the benefits that mental math has to offer—without all the anxiety, dread, and fear of failure that Laura went through.
Myth 1: “Mental math” just means doing math in your head.
On the prairie, paper was expensive, and it wasn’t readily available. Ma couldn’t just toss a pack of paper in her cart at Target—nor did she have a calculator app on her phone!—and so solving complex problems without writing anything down was a useful skill.
“Divide 347,264 by 16. Sixteen into 34 goes twice, put down 2 and carry 2; sixteen into 27 goes once, put down 1 and carry 11…”
But these days, our kids don’t need to be able to solve 6-digit division problems mentally. Scraps of paper litter our homes, and a calculator app is never far away.
Yes, mental math is done “in your head.” But, it doesn’t mean lining up the digits and solving the problem the same way you’d do it on paper. Because…we have paper for that!
(And if you’re not sure how else anyone could solve problems mentally, you’re not alone. Don’t miss the quiz at the end of the post to learn more about mental math techniques that you can teach your kids. )
So, if that’s the case, why teach mental math at all? Which brings us to our second myth…
Myth 2: The purpose of mental math lessons is to solve problems on the fly.
Yes, it’s helpful to be able to quickly figure out how many packs of juice boxes you should buy at Costco, or to calculate a tip at a restaurant. But solving problems in your head is actually a side benefit of mental math practice—not the main purpose.
The main purpose of mental math is to make kids better at all kinds of math–written or mental.
Here’s why: When kids solve problems mentally, they can’t rely on written procedures that they may or may not understand.
Instead, they have to think deeply about the operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and how the numbers relate to each other.
They have to apply properties like the commutative or distributive property, and they have to think hard about place-value as they take numbers apart and put them back together again.
Plus, mental math also helps kids practice the sub-skills they need for their written work.
For example, when a second-grader adds 28 + 5 mentally, she’s not just finding an answer. When she adds the 8 and 5 together to make 13, and then realizes that she needs to add the 10 from the 13 to the 20, she’s developing a deep understanding of regrouping that she won’t get if she just “carries the 1” on paper because her mom told her to.
Mental math isn’t just something you do only when you don’t have paper around. It’s an important tool for understanding math better in the first place. That’s why you don’t even have to do it all mentally. Which brings us to our final myth…
Myth 3: Nothing should ever be written down during mental math practice.
Poor Laura wasn’t allowed to write anything down during her never-ending division problem:
“…sixteen into 112 goes seven times, put down 7 and carry naught; sixteen into 6 does not go, put down naught; sixteen into 6 does not go, put down naught; sixteen into 64 goes 4 times, put down 4.”
Can you imagine how worried she must have been at this point that she’d messed up? One small mistake, and the whole problem is wrong. It’s a very impressive memory feat.
But, the point of mental math these days is to raise a child who understands math well, not to create a memory champion.
And so, it’s okay to write down mental math problems so that your child doesn’t have to keep the numbers in his head.
It’s also okay for your child to write down numbers from the in-between steps of his or her calculations.
Keep the focus on the deep understanding that comes from taking numbers apart and putting them back together again—not the pure memory challenge of keeping all the numbers straight in his head.
4 Easy Ways to Teach Mental Math
1. Find the mental math in your homeschool math curriculum.
You don’t have to reinvent the wheel. Your math curriculum probably already has mental math exercises—you just have to make sure you do them! Look through your teacher’s guide and see.
- If you use RightStart or Saxon, mental math practice is in the warm-ups.
- If you’re a Singapore Math user, look at the back of your Home Instructor’s Guide.
- If you use Math Mammoth, any problem written horizontally is intended to be solved mentally.
- And if you use a different curriculum, take a look. I bet it’s in there!
2. Keep practice sessions short and sweet.
Whether you use mental math problems from your curriculum or you make up your own, keep practice sessions short. For most kids, 5-10 problems daily provide plenty of practice.
3. Focus on accuracy and overall understanding, not specific techniques.
Your curriculum may teach specific strategies for solving mental math problems. As you come across the strategies in the text, teach them to your child. Use manipulatives to help your child learn the strategy and make sure she understands why it works.
But once you’re satisfied that your child knows the strategy, allow her to use whatever strategy she wants as she solve problems.
As long as she can explain what she’s doing (and as long as her way will reliably get the right answer), it’s fine for her to use whatever mental math strategies she’s comfortable with. Some strategies click with certain kids more than others. What’s most important is that your child is thinking deeply about the numbers, not using one particular mental math strategy.
4. Play games that require mental math.
No one wants to interrupt a game to write out math problems, so games give kids a good reason to find answers mentally.
Cribbage, Monopoly, Life, and Yahtzee all provide lots of great opportunities for mental math practice, and you probably already have some of them stuck in a closet somewhere.
Now, let’s get back to Laura:
“Three hundred and forty-seven thousand, two hundred and sixty-four equals—twenty-one thousand, seven hundred and four.” She need not multiply back to make sure the answer was right. She knew it was right because Mr. Owen set another problem.
Amazing!
You don’t have to spend hours drilling (and stressing out) your kids to reap the benefits of mental math.
Ask your kids a few mental math problems each day, focus on deep understanding rather than specific techniques, and play games that require mental math.
You’ll be well on your way to raising mental math superstars…even if they never solve 6-digit division problems in their heads like Laura Ingalls Wilder.
Happy Math!
Hi,
Answering your first question:
- They are all good in the part of market-sizing questions
- They are all pretty good in terms of quant problems as part of the case
- They are all very bad in terms of the solutions and structures. Thus the casebooks solutions cannot be used as the best practices
Answering your second question, there are no mental math books. However, there are several math skills that you can develop:
1) Learn how to work with zeros. Best way - always use 10^power instead of zeros
Example:
300x9000 = 3*10ˆ2 x 9*10ˆ3=3x9*10ˆ(2+3)=27*10ˆ5
Handwritten it looks not that complicated. If you get used to writing all the numbers that way, you will never lose zeros and all multiplications/divisions will be replaced with + or -.
In your case, it will look like 63 * 10ˆ5 / 72 * 10ˆ2
2) Learn how to multiply double digit numbers
Pls check this video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ndkkPZYJHo It takes an hour to learn this method
3) Learn how to divide the numbers fast
If you need the precise calculation - you can use the basic division technique, calculating 630 / 72 * 10ˆ2 = 875
If you don't need it precise -Learn the division table up to 1/11 (i.e. 5/6 = 83.3%). It will help you calculate any percentage problems
In your case, it will be roughly 6/7 * 10ˆ3 = 85.7 * 10ˆ3 or 857. Since I know that it was the rough calculation and the real number should be bigger, I would round the final result to 870
Best!
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Secrets of Mental Math: The Mathemagician's Guide to Lightning Calculation and Amazing Math Tricks
These simple math secrets and tricks will forever change how you look at the world of numbers.
Secrets of Mental Math will have you thinking like a math genius in no time. Get ready to amaze your friends—and yourself—with incredible calculations you never thought you could master, as renowned “mathemagician” Arthur Benjamin shares his techniques for lightning-quick calculatThese simple math secrets and tricks will forever change how you look at the world of numbers.
Secrets of Mental Math will have you thinking like a math genius in no time. Get ready to amaze your friends—and yourself—with incredible calculations you never thought you could master, as renowned “mathemagician” Arthur Benjamin shares his techniques for lightning-quick calculations and amazing number tricks. This book will teach you to do math in your head faster than you ever thought possible, dramatically improve your memory for numbers, and—maybe for the first time—make mathematics fun.
Yes, even you can learn to do seemingly complex equations in your head; all you need to learn are a few tricks. You’ll be able to quickly multiply and divide triple digits, compute with fractions, and determine squares, cubes, and roots without blinking an eye. No matter what your age or current math ability, Secrets of Mental Math will allow you to perform fantastic feats of the mind effortlessly. This is the math they never taught you in school.
Also available as an eBook...more
Paperback, 279 pages
Published August 8th 2006 by Three Rivers Press (first published 1993)
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Math is a subject that stays with people throughout their life. You are calculating, making comparisons, finding orientation, and doing spatial reasoning assessments – and all of these actions involve math. Sometimes, for the enlightenment of the self or to restart the course left in between to get a better edge over competitors, every adult needs some math learning resource. As a parent, when you found it difficult to answer the math queries posed by your kid, you must have thought of brushing up your knowledge. Even otherwise, you must have found yourself at a tight spot because of some math concepts that you failed to understand in your school days. So, why not know about some math books for adults that can help save you from a variety of embarrassing situations, apart from giving you a chance to keep your brain agile for long?
If the idea has really set you thinking, we enlist for you here the best selling math books for adults that cover various interesting aspects like puzzle solving, pattern decoding or simply revisiting basic math concepts. Take a look.
Best Selling Math Books for Adults
1. Brain Games #1: Lower Your Brain Age in Minutes a Day
This math book is not a coursebook, but a collection of math-based reasoning and creative thinking centered puzzles, games, and questions. It is designed to keep those people in mind who have special needs as regards to developing math reasoning skills.
You will find a conspicuous change in memory power and reasoning ability after doing activities from this book in your free time. Many of the sections of this book can help you crack the math logical reasoning questions you come across in entrance exams also. Thus, it prepares you on various levels and helps prevent the early aging of the brain by providing it sufficient food to stay active and agile.
2. Secrets of Mental Math: The Mathemagician’s Guide to Lightning Calculation and Amazing Math Tricks
In school days exams, the examiners lay a lot of emphasis on checking the students’ methodical approach. However, the scene in real life is a little different and people have to depend on mental math more to achieve various objectives.
The authors of this book Arthur Benjamins and Michael Shermer have come up with an amazing collection of math tricks and ways to help you do lightning-fast calculations. The tricks like those useful for doing triple-digit multiplications and divisions, determining square and cube roots, and other complex equation solving can help you continue to grow into an avid mathematician. This book is certainly a useful resource for learning those things that are almost never taught in the school due to the curriculum’s limitations.
3. Math refresher course for adults
Scared of math problems and are not able to crack exams due to poor scores in maths? Are you planning to take a career where you will require a lot of math? Or you want to home mentor your child on math subject? If these are some of the objectives you want to accomplish, the book Math Refresher for Adults is the best choice.
This book can make you a fast problem solver, apart from helping you revisit all the principles and concepts of general math, geometry, and other school topics. All these topics continue to appear at some point in life. So, you can brush up your skills at any time by practicing with this math book for adults.
4. USA TODAY Jumbo Puzzle Book 2: 400 Brain Games for Every Day
With lots of crossword puzzles including numbers and words and different kinds of numbers-based challenges to meet, this Jumbo Puzzle Book is a perfect resource for stimulating your mind and maintain its agility.
This puzzle book is a happening go-to when you want to utilize your free time in brushing your math reasoning and logical reasoning skills. It is a book for all ages and can be used for challenging the advanced learners to do different kinds of math problems in addition to what they do in their course work.
5. All the Math You’ll Ever Need
All the Math You’ll Ever Need from Steve Slavin is the self-teaching guide that allows you to be proficient in math skills that you require for personal and professional purposes. In school days, just to catch up with peers, many important math concepts remain unlearned. This math guide for adults takes care of practical math, mental math, and math reasoning, that prepare you well for all day-to-day activities based on calculations.
You can find in it the concepts like fractions, decimals, discount calculation, mortgage value determination, and several important finance-focused math topics that help you make better decisions related to price and property matters. So, when you want to be math smart, use this book to self-learn and excel.
6. Mastering Essential Math Skills Problem Solving
Be a master problem-solver of math concepts with this Math Skills exercise book by the author Richard W. Fisher. This math book for adults comes with a number of everyday math problems which any adult need to master to get decisions right.
The graphs, statistics, fractions, decimals, pie-charts are common to any office work that revolves around numbers. Thus, to make that impressive presence among peers, practice the problems in this book regularly and see how you become confident in math. Just 20 minutes of practice using this book, and you can pave your way to a successful career.
7. The 125 Best Brain Teasers of All Time
Want to be the master of math and logic, and like things like doing wordplay? Then, this brain-teasing book is your best bet. Having about 125 games, puzzles, and logic-improving problems, this math book fights away the fear of math in a fun-filled way even if you’re an adult.
You can give your brain that much needed creative break that it needs from doing monotonous kind of jobs. By making use of math word problems, wordplay puzzles, and various logical reasoning based problems, this book serves you the best when you want to befriend math. The best part is, you need not be a math nerd to solve the puzzles in this book; it is designed that creatively!
8. The Math Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained
A lot of mugging up happens in the school days when the course size exceeds the reasoning power of the brain. So, what could be a better way of using adult life for revisiting those math portions that you could not understand as a young learner?
The book takes away the confusion around the terms and concepts that entered our lives at an early age. With the passage of time, almost all concepts mingle up and the real meaning is left far away from the mind. This book solves this issue like a pro and allows you to understand the real underlying meaning of terms like whole numbers, spheres, algebra, and other operations of math.
9. 300+ Mathematical Pattern Puzzles: Number Pattern Recognition & Reasoning
The author Chris McMullen has created this amazing book to help math aspirants improve their pattern intelligence. Patterns are everywhere; all you need is a brain and a thought process to crack those. This puzzle book for solving pattern recognition, pattern identification, and reasoning problems open up your brain beautifully and helps it become more receiving and inquisitive in its abilities.
Important topics covered in this puzzle book are Fibonacci square, visual puzzles, roman numerals in the number pattern problems section. And, you also get ample practice in visual discrimination, analogy establishment, logic, and reasoning in the math reasoning section. If preparing for exams, it can help you crack logical reasoning and creative thinking based problems with better ease.
10. The Original Area Mazes: 100 Addictive Puzzles to Solve with Simple Math
Simple math but clever logic are used in combination to find answers to the addictive puzzles given in this math book. This math problem-based puzzle book gives you all support that you need to develop your brain’s mental ability that due to some issues recede with age.
By practicing the problems in this puzzle book, you challenge your brain, give it a proper workout needed to keep it agile. Rules are pretty simple and do not involve more than the simple math formula like area = l x w. Whole numbers, geometry, and your love for Sudoku form the working tools for solving the puzzles given in this brain stimulating book that every adult should practice.
Why adults need these math books?
Growing cases of dementia, loss of reasoning skills, and poor spatial intelligence have started gripping people at an early adult age. The math books for adults give the grown-ups fuel for the brain so that it does not lose its thinking and logical reasoning capability with age.
Whether it is the revision of concepts that were missed in school days, or knowing the application part of the theories that you just memorized to score marks, these books offer the best support for handling all types of shortcomings.
With regular practice, the users of these math books for adults can gain confidence in the areas where they have been lacking proficiency. So, the overall result is a more confident side of yours, which you were forced to hide behind excuses.
More visible outcomes are likely to be better chances of winning promotions at the office, and better performance in exams in which math problems weight a lot.
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Mental best math for books
Secrets of Mental Math
If you have strong association for digit pairs (eg. PAO, major) do you think it affects your “normal”, logical mental calculations?
I don’t know, but I think it could probably only help with mental math, because images are easier to remember than numbers.
For a while, I was experimenting with keeping track of my shopping cart price at the supermarket using only my mnemonic images. Each of my images has a one syllable pronunciation, so I would calculate like this:
$2.40 + $1.99 = $4.39
would be done with this pronounciation:
U-RO plus I-PUH equals A-MUH
Then I would hold “A-MUH” ($4.39 – flag and Marshal stack) in my mind until I added the next item. Then I would see how close my final mnemonic image was to the check out price. I really should start doing that again…
I don’t think it helps with the calculation, but it might be good practice for combining mnemonic images with mental calculation.
Secrets Of Mental Math (English, Paperback, Benjamin Arthur)
Here is a book on Mathematics that will have you thinking like a genius in no time. These secrets and tricks will make you better at Math and change the way you perceive numbers.
Summary of the Book
Be ready to amuse your friends and be in awe of yourself. It is a book on Mathematics that has some amazing calculations that you never would have imagined you were capable of mastering. This book by Arthur Benjamin, popularly known as a ‘mathemagician’, is a platform where he shares his techniques for quick calculations and mind-blowing number tricks. Use his methods to teach yourself to do math in your head faster than usual and improve your memory. For many, Mathematics will also become fun. This book will teach you how you can solve complex equations in your head. All that is required of you is to learn the few tricks that are given in the book. As you keep practicing, you will learn how to multiply and divide triple digits in a jiffy, compute with fraction, and determine squares, cubes and roots without much effort. Whatever your age and present aptitude for mathematics might be, Secrets of Mental Math is a book that will help you perform and score effortlessly. Get ready to learn mathematics is a new and remarkable way.
About Arthur Benjamin
Arthur Benjamin is a mathematician who specializes in combinatorics. He has been a Professor of Mathematics at Harvey Mudd College since the year 1989. He is known for his mental math capabilities and ‘Mathemagics’ performances in front of live audiences.
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What is reddit's opinion of Secrets of Mental Math: The Mathemagician's Guide to Lightning Calculation and Amazing Math Tricks? From 3.5 billion comments As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. The following content includes affiliate links for which I may make a small commission at no extra cost to you should you make a purchase.
From the sound of it, a lot of the answers you're getting are tailored more towards proper jail/prison as opposed to an FPC. So I'll throw in a bunch of extra info...
The level of Fed you go to will be determined by a score. I'm going to assume you're otherwise a straight up kind of person. So you'll likely get points mostly for your age and the severity of your crime. I'm going to guess you'll be around 7-9 points which should put you in Minimum. Getting over 11 (assuming you're male), will put you in Low. Your crimes also used telecommunications, so it's also possible you will be put in Low, by default. Just to give a quick overview, expect cubicle housing and double fences. There are also work programs to keep you busy. Key tip, surrender directly to the prison camp. Otherwise, your transport is through the prison system so you'll be shackled and spend way more time with hostile people than you'd ever want to. Your lawyer should have that all worked out for you. Do not surrender to the Marshals.
You will then be classified as either: Community, In, Out, or Maximum. You will be reviewed and put into any of those groups. Also of note, try to get any nagging medical conditions you may have out in the open as soon as possible. They may upgrade your medical level and you can get it worked on.
And if you also have a case by your State, you'll probably just serve in the state institution. Anyway, you'll probably have a facility support job and that will take up time.
Your typical day will involve waking up early, then doing your job. You'll be on your own from about 2:30, then there will be a census count probably by 4. Then around 5, you'll be released for meals, purchases, etc. If you wanted, you could fill your evenings with a class, or even teaching a class. And depending on your work schedule, you may even find yourself sleeping by 9.
If anything, I'd generally stay away from working with actual cards and sleights. For the most part, they're too precious of a resource. And odds are no one will be able to send you any. The biggest source of boredom in a prison setting is the lack of mental stimulation. I would suggest pursuing any of the normal mental aspects of magic.
Any books you receive will probably have to be paperback. And there may be a limit on how many you can receive each month. Hardback books, if allowed, usually need to come directly from the company (amazon, half.com, etc). In fact, to have as few problems as possible, just have amazon send any books directly to you via US Post Office. And make sure it is AMAZON sending, not a third-party seller.
It would be a perfect time to learn a memorized deck, or even two. If you have your one deck to practice with on your own time, you'll be set by the time you're out. Get a copy of this book and you can be a human calculator by the time you get out. Get Harry Lorayne's Memory Book. Work out your killer presentation of Sam the Bellhop. Work out a cups and balls routine using foam cups and paper. Practice the Epitome Location (From Harry Lorayne's Personal Collection vol 1).
Best part of the memorized deck is many of the effects using one cause little wear and tear on your cards. So you'll get more mileage out of cards, if you have access to them at all. | https://balletscontemporains.com/page-id1280.php |
Amidship is an all-in-one business management platform with tools for appointment scheduling, sales tracking, customer relationship...
Robin is a cloud-based office scheduling software designed to help users book meeting rooms, find desks, and move around...
Explore similar apps
See how Amidship and Robin stack up against each other by comparing features, pricing, ratings and reviews, integrations, screenshots and security. Compare real user opinions on the pros and cons to make more informed decisions. | https://www.getapp.com/operations-management-software/a/amidship/compare/robin-powered/ |
Nature’s Sunshine Chamomile soothes both the nervous and the digestive system, and promotes restful sleep.
May aid in reducing stress
Has a calming effect
Traditionally used in Western herbal medicine to:
Promote calm and restful sleep
Relieve symptoms of mild digestive complaints such as wind and bloating
EACH CAPSULE CONTAINS
Matricaria chamomilla (Chamomile) flower powder 250mg
DOSAGE
Insomnia: Take 1-2 (up to 6) capsules before retiring.
Adults: Take 1-2 capsules up to three times per day or as professionally prescribed.
Children: Consult your healthcare practitioner. | https://elitehealthsupplements.com.au/product/chamomile/ |
Jordan is a PhD Candidate at La Trobe University, completing a thesis titled: 'A Resilience Framework for Cyber-Physical Terrorism against the Smart Grid'. He is also the Lead Partner for Critical Infrastructure Security at Anchoram Consulting and a Visiting Academic at Concordia University.
His work background has been in numerous technical, consulting, research, and managerial roles across a wide variety of industries and technologies, focusing on the cybersecurity of safety-critical cyber-physical systems – including having led the first Australian Air Force cyber deployment to the Middle East, in support of the war against ISIS.
Jordan's research interests are centred around cyber resilience, cyber-physical conflict, and the cybersecurity of modern critical infrastructures.
Positions
Computer Science and Information Technology
,
School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences
Cyber Warfare Officer
,
Royal Australian Air Force
2012 -
Visiting Academic
,
Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering
,
Concordia University
2019 -
Partner
,
Critical Infrastructure Security
,
Anchoram Consulting
2019 -
Lead Cybersecurity Research Scientist
,
cortAIx
,
Thales (Canada)
2019
Senior Security Architect
,
Air Traffic Management
,
Thales (Australia)
2018 - 2019
Manager
,
Cyber Risk
,
Deloitte
2017
Research Engineer
,
Quantitative Fractography
,
Defence Science & Technology Group
2012 - 2013
Research Areas
Computer System Security
(Expertise)
Cybersecurity
(Expertise)
IT security and privacy
(Expertise)
Power and Energy systems
(Expertise)
Risk
(Expertise)
War
(Expertise)
Overview
Publications
Background
Contact
Identity
View All
Overview
Available For
Expert Consultancy
(Availability)
Media Comment
(Availability)
Publications
selected publications
conference paper
Plotnek J
Slay J
.
What is Cyber Terrorism: Discussion of Definition and Taxonomy
.
Conference Proceedings of 18th Australian Cyber Warfare Conference 2019 (CWAR 2019)
. 1-4.
2020
thesis
Plotnek J
Tutek M
.
Real-Time Analogue Electricity Meter Monitor Feasibility Study
2013
Background
education and training
PHD,
(La Trobe University)
2019
Postgraduate Certificate of Project Management,
UNSW Australia
2015 - 2016
Diploma of Air Force Studies,
Australian Defence Force Academy
2014 - 2016
Bachelor of Engineering (Honours 1A), | https://scholars.latrobe.edu.au/display/jplotnek |
The United States-based space transport service provider SpaceX hosted a hyperloop pod design test competition over the past weekend at the company’s Hawthorne, California headquarters. A first of its kind, the event was designed to let student teams develop and demonstrate their pod designs in low-pressure environments in a test track.
Overall 30 teams were handpicked to partake in the test, although only three of them managed to perform runs as each team was required to pass several tests for the verification of vacuum chamber survivability, structural integrity, and more.
The teams that successfully ran their pods include a team from Delft University, one from MIT, and one from WARR, a student group from the Technical University of Munich, Wired reports. All these three teams ran their pods inside a designated test tube, with the fastest pod (WARR) travelling at a speed of approximately 90 kmph.
If 90 kmph is less than what you had initially anticipated, there’s a reason for that. The one-mile test track is simply not long enough for the pods to achieve the maximum speed of 300 kmph that Hyperloop technologies will eventually aim for. Also, this is also just the beginning for the aforementioned three designs.
The team from the Netherlands-based Delft University secured the best overall score for the design. The second and third spots were grabbed by TUM and the MIT team respectively. Worth noting, the award for the best overall design in 2016 went to MIT.
The final phase of the competition will be held this summer and it will probably see all of the 30 teams selected for the showdown getting a chance to actively participate with their respective pods.
It seems Elon Musk’s vision to revolutionize the transportation world is on the right track, after all! | https://www.mobipicker.com/spacexs-hyperloop-competition-success-3-teams-ran-pods-27-go/ |
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